The Canada Year Book 1920

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THE

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CANADA

EA

OOK

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CANADA
DOMINION BUREA U OF ST A TISTICS

THE

CANADA YEAR BOOK

1920

Published by Authority of the
Right Hon. Sir George E. Foster, G.C.M.G., M.P.,
Minister of Trade and Commerce

OTTAWA
F. A. ACLAND
PRINTER TO THE KI
G'S MOST EXCELLE
T )IAJESTY
lð,t!7-A 1921

JUl 6 1957

iii

I>REF ACE.

The Il':Hling; article in the Canada Yt'ar Book of 1020, is on the

uLject of H.econstruction. It i::; divided into three parts, the first
dealing with t.he internal ,var-
illle activities of Government and people,
the
e('ond ".Ith the re-estabhshnlent of thp returned soldier and the
third with reconstruction alTIong the general population.
'l'hc or
allization of the official
tatistics of Canada by the
})onlinion Bureau of Statistics has rendered po

ible various changes
and Ì1nprOyelllpnts in thf' Year Book, alnong thell1 being the addition
of a stati:-\tif'al
Ulnlllary of education in Canada, (pp. 130-133); an
increase in agricultural statistic
, 1l10r(' cSI)('cially in the analysis of
a
ricultural pril:p:-\; tht' ronlpilation of statistics of Canadian trade
according to the ÏIllproyed clas:sification of commodities over a period
of four Yf'ar<), (pp. 350-1U7); an analysis of the Rtatistics of pas
enger
and freight raihvay services and receiptR, (p. 4GS); and a valuable
sumnl:lry of the financial ::;tati
tic8 of cities of 10,000 and over,
(pp. 570-5
1). :\Iorc e
pecially lllUst attention be dra,vn to the
rc-organization and expan
ion of two section
, nalnely the Climate
and
Ieteorology
('rtioll, Dlade po""'"iblc by the generous co-operation
of the Donlinion
reteorological
ervice, and the Labour and Prices
t;ection, to ,vhich a subsection on 'wages has no". been added, as ,yell
a
short articll's on the occupations of the people and on organized
lahour in Canada.
In all the
ections is given the latest informa,tion available, the
tables including, ,vherp po
:--ible, the figures of 1920. The titles of
articles publi
hed in previous edition8 of the Year Book and not
repeated here, are given for purposes of reference in the Retrospective
Index on page xv.
l'he prf'sent edition of the Year Book has been edited by :\lr. S. A.
CUDMORE, B..-\. (rror.), :\1. .A. (Oxon.), F.S.S., F.R. Econ. ðOC. Grate-
ful ackno,vledgments are hereby tendered to officials of the Dominion
and Provincial Governments throughout Canada, especially to
:\[r. E. H. 8CAM
ELL, Assistant Deputy
Iinister of Soldiers' Civil
Re-establishment, for assistance in the preparation of the article
on Rel:onstruction. The table::; have, as for many years, been
compiled by
Iessrs. JAMES SKEAD and JOSEPH 'VILKINS, and the
diagrams haye been dra"
n by
Ir. R. E. WATTS.

R. H. COATS,
Dominion Statistician.

Do
n
IOX BlJREA U OF STATISTICS,
OTTA'VA, 3ept. 15, 1921.
.
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STATUTE MILES
50 100 1 bO 200 2 0 300 860 400 460 600

KILOIVIETERS
1'0 2'0 8'0 4'0 600 800 700 800

P"VED BY. PELL A SARNHARrFOftT ERIE, ONT.

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S\:T
OPTIC1\L TA.ßLE OF CO
TENTS.

PrefsC'o . . . .
n.etr
pt'CtiVt. Intit.x .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frrnturn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., .... . ,
Stati
tit'al Rumnuorv of the PrO
rt'
8 of Canada.. . .
lndt.x.

... .. .......................

I. IU:("O.:\
TKl'(
'I'IOX 1:\ ('.\X.\U.\.
By
. .\. ('t D\IORE, B.A. (Tor.),
I.A. (Oxon.), F.i'.:;.. F.H. Econ. :-\oc., Editor Canada Year
11001-, Dominion Burl'au of Statistics, OtuLY.a.....
Introductory.. . '" ..... .... .,
Part I - War-time Activitit.'s of Government and People...
Part 11.- H<'-("8tahli:-ihm<'nt of Hl.turned Soldiers..
Part Ill.- Heconstruction arnon/!; the Gent'ral Population.

II. ('IIRO'OLOGU' \I.. IIISTOR \ OF (',AX.\)).\. H91-19'?O.
III. PII\
I(' \fA {II \R U'TFRI
TI('S OF C \ S..\D.\.
(;t'O/!;raphiral Ft'atu
..
1. I>raina
e BILsins of Canmla.. . . . . .
2. Lcngths of Principal Hi, prs and Tributaries in Cwu.Ldu...
3. Area, Elt'vation nnd Dt'pth of the Gn'.Lt Lak(.
.
t. Areas of Principal f'anadiun I akl'8. by Provinccs ...
Economic Geology of Canada, 1!1l9. lly Wn,TT
I.\LCOL\I, Geological Survey, Ottawa

}> \OE.
iii
xV
xv
xvi-xviii
754-768

1-64
1
2-20
20-43
43-64

65-76

76-86
81
81-82
8:3
S4-86
86-92

1\. .\lU:.\ .\XU .aOPll.,\'I'IOX.
1. Land and Water Area of C'ana,da, by Provinces and Tt.rritorie8, as in 1920...... . . . , . 93
"!. Population of Cannda. by JJrovinces and Tprritori('s, in t hp f'pn
us Y <,ars I '}71 to 1911 94
3. .Area and Population of Ca.nada in HH I, by Provinces and Districts and Population in
1\}01. . . . . . . . . . . .. _. _. _ _" .. . , . . . . . . . . . . 94-98
t. Population of Citips and Towns having over 5,000 inhabitants in 1911, compared
y,ith IS71-8HH-1\}01. . .. ............................ 99-100
.). rrban Population of CaßfLlla dh,ided by Size of )lunicip,Llity Groups, 1901 and 1911 100
G. Rural and Crban Population oC Canada in 1901 and 1911, by Provinces, anù increase
or dt.'CrN\..
e in the de('ade ......... . .. . . . . . 101
7. Rural and Crban Population of Canada hy Provinc('s and ðCXl'8, 1911. 101
1'. Population of Canada, by ðexes, 1001 and 1011.. .... . 103
9. PopullLtion of Canada betwl'Cn the ages of 15 Md 49, inclusive, by sexes, cen"!us of
1011.. . -.. . . 103
lu. Rat io of Femal
to 'Ial<'s in Hural and r rban Division=-. I !1l1.. 104
11. Conju
al Condition of the Pl'ople of Canada. cl:L.'i.-;ifit'd as sin
dl'. married. \\ idowed,
divorced, Il'J!:ally separateù, and not Jl;iH'n. by Provincc.
, Cf>IlbUS of 1011.".. 104
1"' Population of tho Prairie Provinces, 1901, 1!I06, 1911 anti 1016.. .. 105
u. Population of the Prairie JJrovinces by ðex, at each CCl1::iU8 Period from 1870 for

Ianitoba, and from HIOI for :-:askatclwy,:m and \lberta. lOG-lOi
u. City Population of the Prairie Provinces, 1f/Ol, 1906, 1911 and 1916.. 107

'1tal StaU,Urs.
I.;. Xumber of Births, )Iarriagcs and Deaths, by Pro\"incps. Iflll-l<ll!! .
16. Number of Births,
Iarriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities. 1913-1919...

ti.
IS.
19.

Imml
ratlon.
Number of Immigrant Arrivals in Canada, 1
07-1920 . ... . .............
Arrivals at Inland and Ocean Ports in Canada in Fiscal Year
1914-1920 . .. . ... .
Rejections of Immi
ants upon arrival at Ocean Ports and Deportations after ad-
mission, by principal cause::;, 1903-1920 '" ' . . . .. . ....
Kumber by Xationalitiesof Immigrants Deport<,d after .-\dmi
,",ion, l!IO
-1920....
Ju,"enile Immi,:!:rants and Applications for their
t'rvices, 1901-1920..... . .
Occupation and Destination of Total Immigrant Arrivals in Canada for the fiscal
years 1919 and 1920. . . . . . . .. .. .
Destination of Immigrants into Canada. by Provinces, 1901-1020.
Record of Chine
e Immigration, 1886-lfl20.. .
Record or Oril'nt
1 Immigration, 1001-1920..... ....
Expenditure on Immigration in the fiscal years 1
68-1920.

20.
21.

.

2:1.

t.

.i.

26.

v. I:UI "(' \TJO:\.

General Features of Canadian Education ðY8tems. . _._
Higher Education in Canada. .
Education :-;tatistics of Canada...
Technical Education in Canada. .. ... . . . . . . .
1. Statistical Summary of Education in Canada, by Provinces, 1919, or latest year
reported.. . " .. ..... . .. .... .. . . . . . . . . ..' ..
2.
umber of Schools. Teachers and Pupils in Canada, by Provinces. 1901-1919.......
3. Teachers in Training in Nova Scotia. Xc\\" Brunswick, Quebec. Ontario and
)Ianitoba, 1901-1910, Saskatehe",an and Alberta, 1906-1919 ' . . . . . . . . . .. ...

109-110
111-118

120
121
122
122
122
12

123-124
124
125
125

126
127
127-128
129
130-133
134-137
138-140

VD. PRODUCTION.
Agriculture.
Field Crops.
1. Area, Yield, Quality and Value of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Five Year Average, 1915-1919....... . .. ..... '" .. ........ . ... .. ................ 191-210
2. Annual Average Yields per acre of Field Crops for Canada, and by Provinces from
1915 to 1920, with Decennial Averages for the years 1910-19. . . ... . . . . . .. ,.. 210-213
3. Areas and Yields of Wheat. Oats, Barley, Rye and Flaxseed in the three Prairie
Provinces, 1918-1920. ....... . . .. ., ........... _ . .. .......... _ . . . . 213
4:. Total Areas and Values of Farm Crops in Canada, 1915-1920, ...... .... . '" ....... 214
5. Field Crops of Canada, compared as to Quantity and Value, for 1919 and 1920... . 215
G. Quality of Grain Crops as indicated by Average Weight per measured bushel,
1911-1920. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. ...................................................... 216
7. Average Values per acre of Occupied FarmLands in Canada,asestimated by Crop
Correspondents, 1908-10, 1914-20.... .... ................... .......... ....... 217
8. Average Wages of Farm Help in Canada, as estimated by Crop Correspondents,
1914-20. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " .. .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . 218
9. Average Wages per year of Farm Help in Canada, as estimated by Crop Corres-
pondents, 1920.... _.. . . . . . _ . _ . _ . . . . . . . . .. 219
Farm Live Stock.
10. Numbers of Farm Live Stock in Canada, by Provinces, 1919 and 1920............
11. Estimated Numbers of Farm Live Stock, 1915-1920. ....... ........... .........
12. A verage Values of Farm Animals and of Wool, as estimated by Crop Correspondents,
1914-20. . ., " .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ., . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . ... .. . . . . . . . ., ........-
13. Average Values per head of Farm Live Stock in Canada, as estimated by Crop
Correspondents, 1915-1920....... . .. ......... ..................................
U. Estimated Total Values of Farm Live Stock in Canada, by Provinces, 1915-1920.
15. Estimated Numbers and Values of Farm Poultry in Canada, 1920................

VI

v. Educatioll-con.
4:. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Roman Catholic Classical Colleges in Quebec,
1901-1919...... .. _..............................................................
5. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Collegiate Institutes and High Schools in On-
tario, 1901-1919.. ..............................................................
G. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Continuation Schools in Ontario, 1911-1919....
'1. Number of Teachers and Pupils in Collegiate Institutes and High Schools in
Saskatchewan, 1908-1919... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Number of Teachers and Pupils in High Schools in British Columbia, 1901-1919...
9. Vocational Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada, year ended June 30, 1920... . . .
10. Receipts and Expenditure for Public Education in Canada, by Provincefl, 1901-1919.
11. Average annual Salaries of School Teachers, by Provinces, 1915-1919..............
12. Universities of Canada: Foundation, Affiliation, Faculties and Degrees... . . . . . . . . .
13. Universities of Canada: Number of Teaching Staff in the Various Faculties, 1919-
1920....................................................................... _....
14. Universities of Canada: Number of Students in the Various Faculties, 1919-1920..
15. Pniversities of Canada: Number of Students by Academic Years, 1919-1920......
16. L'niversities and Colleges of Canada: Number of Students by Province of Resi-
dence, 1919-1920........ . . .. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
11. Universities of Canada: Financial Statistics, 1919-1920.. .. . . . . . . .... . .. . .. .
18. Colleges of Canada: Foundation, Affiliation, Faculties and Degrees. . . ... .........
19. Professional and Affiliated Colleges of Canada: Number of Teaching Staff and
Students, 1919-1920 ................................ .......... ......
20. Colleges of Canada: Financial Statistics, 1919. . . ..... . . . .. . . . . .

'"I. CLIIUATE AND 3IETEOROLOGY.

The Climate of Canada since Confederation. By Sir FREDERICK STUPART, Director, Dom-
inion Meteorological Service, Toronto......... . . .. . . . - .
The Weather of Canada during the Year 1919.. . . . . . ...... . . .. .. .. .. .... . . . . '" . ... . ..
1. Normal Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Canadian Stations...... .._
2.
Averages of Sunshine, Wind and Weather at Selected Canadian Stations...

Dairying.
16. Production and Value of Creamery Butter, by Provinces, 1917, 1918, 1919..... - . - -
17. Production and Value of Factory Cheese, by Provinces, 1917, 1918, 1919...........
18. Miscellaneous Products of Dairy Factories, 1917, 1918, 1919....... .. . . ........ -. .-
19. Production and Value of Creamery Butter and Factory Cheese, 1900, 1907, 1910,
and 1915-1919..... . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .

Fruit Statistics.
20. Production and Value of Commercial Apples in Canada, 1919...................
21. Production of Apples in Ontario, by Fruit Inspection Districts, 1919.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22. Total Quantitie. Q and Values of Fruit Trees, Bushes and Plants sold by Nurserymen
in Canada, by Provinces, year ended September 30, 1919..... . . . . ..... .........

PAGE.

141
141
141
142
142
142
143-148
149
150-151
152
153
154
155
156-157
158-160
160-161
162-163

164-167
168-171
172-179
180-187

220-222
222-223

224

225
226-227
227

230
231
232
232

233
234
235

Cold Storage Warehouses.
23. Cold Storage Warehouses in Canada, 1920.. ....... .. ... . . . ... . . .. . . - - .... . . ., .. . .. 237-238

VB

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27.
2
.

Agricultural Prices.
WN'kly Range of Prices of Wheat at Winnip
and Fort William, 19:?O,. ..........
'Ionthly Range of .\ verajl;e Prices of \\ heat at Winnip
nnd Fort William 1914-1920
Weekly Range of Prices of Oats at Winnip
and Fort William, 1920 ...:. . . ....
W('E!kly B
\l1ge of Prices of Barley and Flax at Winnippg :Ln(1 Fort Willi LID, tf)
O.....

Ionthly Range of Average Prices of Barley, Oats and Flax at Winnipeg and Fort
William, 1914-1920. . " .. . . . .. ... . . . . . .. . .
'Ionthly Bange of Average Prices in British )Iarkets of Canadian Wheat and Oats
HH3-1920 ... . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . '
Yearly -\'v('rage Prices of nome Groy,n Wheat, Barley and Oats in England and
\\ales,IHOI-1920 . .. '" ..... .... . __ . . , . . ..... . ..
\verage 'Ionthly Prices of Flour, Bran and Shorts, at Principal1\larkets, 1920.....
Average J>rices of Canadian Live Stock at Principal 'Iarkets, 1918-1919-1920.....
\verage Monthly Prices of Canadian Live Stock at Principal Markets, 1!120.... ..
Ave
e Prices per bushel paid by farmers for Grade No.1 Clover and Grass Seed
by }>rovinc('S, during Mar('h, April and 'lay, l!J20, and the average prices fo;
Canada, as compared with the same period of the previous year....... ..
A ve
e pric('s per b
shel paid to farmers for Clover .and Grass
ood, by provinces,
durmg March, Apnl and
Iay, 1920, and average pnces for Canada compared with
the flame period of the previous year...... _. . . . .. .......... . .
Index Numbers of Agriculturul Pric('s for Canada, i!10!)-1920..... ..... ..

29.
30.
31.
3"!.
3.1.
3J.

3d.

36.

Jliscellaneoull Agricultural Statistics.
:17. Production and Value of 11ax Fibre and Allied Products, 1915-19.
:11'0.. \n'fl. and Yield of Tobacco in Canada. 1918-20. . . . . . . . . .
:19. Estimated Production and Yalue of \\ 001 in Canada, 1915-1920......... .. .. ........
.to. Art'a, Yield and Yalue of Sugar Beets in Canada and Production of Refin('d Beetroot
SUlI';ar, 1911-HH9 ................... ...... ...... . ... .... .. ...
u. Stocks of Grain in Farmers' hands in Canada on .\ugust 31,1918, August 30, 1919, and
August31,1920 ............ ... .. .. '" ....
J"!. ":tocks of Grain in Canada at the close of the Crop Years, 1918, 1919 and HJ20.
U. f'tocks of \\ heat in Canada at the ('nd of March, 191G-20..., .. .., .
U. :'tocks of Wheat in Canada at the end of March, 1917-21...... . ......... .
...;.
tocks of Oats, Harley and Flaxseed in Canada on March 31. 1!}20 and 1921...... ...
U. Distribution of the Canadian \\ heat Crop, 1909-20, (a) Production (b) Distribution.
J7. Estimated Population of Canada, HJ10-19. ... .... . . _. . . .. .
..... Distribution of the Canadian Oat ('rops. 1909-1920, (a) Production (b) Distribution
n. Gross Yalue of the Annual Agricultural Production of Canada, 1915-1920. .

.;u.
,')1.
-0)
Õ)
.

'J.

International Agricultural StatisticlI.
Xumbers of Horses and Cattle by Principal Countries of the World, 1909 and 1918. .
Xumbers of Farm Live Stock in the British I
mpire. dates nmn'st 190!. and H1l8.. .
\\orId's Total
umbers of I'arm Live Btock, dah':,j nf'arcst 1909 and 1918.. ... .. .
Acre
c and Production of Cereals and of Potatoes in Yarious Countries of the World,
HI19 and 19:!0......... . . . . . . . .

Agricultural Ezpenment Stations of Canada.
Dominion Experimental Farms and :-,tation.'i.. .. . . . . .
.;J. Dominion Experimental Farms and :"\tations, 1920.. ... .
Provincial Experimental }'arms and
tations

t'Orl'S t r) .
,}5. QU'Ultities and Val of the cut of Lumber,
hingles and Lath by Provinces, 1917,
J918andI919........ .. ...
56. Total Consumption and '-alue of Pulp\\ood, 1908-19... . . .
57. Quantiti(,8 and Yaluesof \\ood used in the 'Ianufactureof Pulp, 1917-19....... .....
5'\. J\:inds of Wood used in the ,ranufacture of Pulp b
Quantities and Values, 1917, 1918
and 1919..., -,. . . . . . . .
';9. Quantiti(.s of Wood u!"ed and of Pulp manufactured, 1915-1919.... ..
GO. Production of Pap('r by Provinces, 1917, 1918 and 1919. .... . .. ......
61. Fxports from Canada of \\ood Pulp, by ("ountrips, in the fiscal year
1915-1920..:...
GO) Quantity and Yalue of \\ood, Blocks and Other, for Pulp, exported to the Umted

tates, 1904-1920.

}'ishl'rll'
.
63. Xumber and Capital Yalue of Fishing Vessels, Boats, Xets, Traps, etc., used in the
FisheriE's of Canada, 191h and 1919... . ...... . . . . . . . .
6-&. Kumber of Per
m8 Employed in the Fisheries of Canada, 1918 and 1919. .. .
6,'). Government BountiE's to Fishermen in the fiscal years 1916 to 1919........ ... . .,.
66. QuantitiE's and Values of Sea Fish marketed in Canada during the calendar years
1918 and 1919 . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ..
67. Quantities and '.alu

'oi I
land Fish
'
kete(lï'n Canada during the calendar years
1918 and 1919 ." . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .
6
. Quantity and v
i

'
i chi
i Commercial Fishes, 1915-16 to 1916-17 and calendar
years 1917-1919. ............ ... .,.. . . ..... ..,
69. Total '-alue of Fisheries by ProvincE'S in the fiscal years 1916-1917 and calendar years
1917,191SandI919.............,... .... ..............',.... .......

PAGE.

239
240-242
243-244
244-245
246-248
249-250
251
251
252-253
253

254

254
256

257
258
259

259

260
261
261
262
262
263-264
265
265-266
267

269-271
271
272
274-278

279-282
279
282-287

288
290
290
290
291
292
292

293

294-295
295
296
296-298
299
299-300
300

Vlll

Fisheries -con.

,0. Total Value of the Fisheries of Canada in the fiscal years 1870-1919.... ..
71. Value of Exports and Imports of Fish and Fish Products, 1902-1920...... ...........
12. Exports of the Fisheries, the Produce of Canada, by principal countries, in the fiscal
years 1919 and 1920........ -.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,. ................,
73. Exports of the Fisheries, compared as to Quantity and Value, 1919 and 1920 ("000"
omitted)....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

l\Iinerals.
7-1. Quantities and Values of Minerals produced in Canada, calendar years 1919 and 1920
75. Increase or Decrease in Quantities and Values of Principal Mineral Products, for the
Calendar Year 1919, as compared with 1918..... .. .... .. .. . ..... " . . .. ..... . . .. ..
76. Increase or Decrease in Quantities and Values of Principal Mineral Products for the
Calendar Year 1920 as compared with 1919........................ .............
17. Mineral production of Canada, compared as to Quantity and Value, for Calendar
Years 1918 and 1919... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18. Value of Mineral Production in Canada, 1886-1920......... .... .. .... .... ....... .. . .
79. Value of Minerals produced in Canada by Provinces in the Calendar Years 1918,
1919 and 1920......... . . . . . . . . . . . .. " .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
80. Quantity of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years
1901-1920 _.. ..'.. .,. " - - . . . .. .' ...................... ... ................
81. Value of Gold produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar Years 1901-1920
82. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada during the Calendar Years 1887-
1920... _................. . ........................ ....................
83. Quantity and Value of Silver produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar
Years 1901-1920.... .. . -. .. .. " . . .. . . . . . .. .......... . ., .. ... ............
84. Quantity and Value of Copper produced in Canada by Provinces during the Calendar
Years 1901-1920.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .., . .. .. .. ., . . . .. ....... .......
85. Quantity and Value of Nickel produced in Canada during the Calendar Yt'ars 1889-
1920... ........ -....... ......................................................
86. Production of Principal Minerals in Canada, for the Calendar Years 1909-1920..... . .

1. Production of Asbestos and Asbestic in Canada for the Calendar Years 1909-1920 .. .
88. Production of Cement in Canada for the Calendar Years 1902-1920......
Iron Blast Furnaces in Canada in 1920.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric Furnace Plants in Canada in 1920....... .. ., . . ., . . ., . . .. .. .
Mines Departments of Provincial Goyernments... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
89. Value of the Mineral Production of Quebec, 1900-19...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ..
90. Production of Silver at the Cobalt and Gowganda Camp, Ontario, 1904-1919......
91. Value of Total Mineral Production of British Columbia, 1852-1919. ... . .... .... .... .
9
. Quantity and Value of Mineral Products in British Columbia for the Calendar Years
1917-1919.. . . . .. ............................................ ............. . .
93. Quantity and Value of the World's Production of Gold and Silver for the Calendar
Years 1918 and 1919... ... .. . . " .... .... . .. . . .... .. ........ .... .....
9<1. Imports into Canada of Portland Cement, 1898-1920..... .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .
95. Imports into Canada ot Anthracite and Bituminous Coal for home consumption
during the fiscal years 1901-1920.... ., .. . . .. .......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
96. Exports of Coal, the produce of Canada, 1903-1920..... .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
97. Exports of Mineral Products, compared as to Quantity and Value, for the fiscal
years ended Mar. 31, 1919 and 1920........ ... ... .. .. .. .
l\lanufactures.
98. Summary Statistics 01 Manufactures of Canada, 1917 and 1918.. ... . . .
99. Statistics of )Ianufactures by Provinces, 1915, 1917 and 1918. . . . . .... ., .. .. .. . .., .. .
100. Statistics of Manufactures by Provinces, 1900, 1905, 1910 and 1915.... .. ... . ., . ...
101. Statistics of Manufactures, 1917... . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
102. Statistics of Manufactures, 1918.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
103. Statistics of Manufactures by Cities and TO\\Jls, 1918.... . . .. . . .. .. ...... -. . -. .. .
101. Male and Female Employees on Salaries and Wages, by Provinces, 1918..... .. . . . . .
10';. Number of Employees by \Veekly Wage Groups, 1918. .. . . .. " ., . . . . .. ... . .. ... . -. .
106. Wage Earners classified by Groups of Industries and of Wages, 1918..... . .. . . . ..

PAGE.

301
301
301
302

304-305
305
306
306-307
308
308
308
309
309
310
310-311
311
311-312
312
313
313
313-314
314
315
316
317
317
318-319
319
320
320
320-321

324
324
325
326
326-334
334
335
335
336

VIII. TRADE AND CO:\UIERCE.
1. Aggregate External Trade of Canada, 1868-1921........... ...... .. " ...... .. ...... . 338
2. Movement of Coin and Bullion, 1868-1918.................. . . .. .... ... .... .... .. 339
3. Duties Collected on Exports, 1868-1892, and on Imports for Home Consumption,
1868-1921. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .............. . 340
(. Ratio of Exports to Imports and Value per capita of Exports, Imports and Total
Trade, 1868-1921.... . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. ... ......................................... 341
å. Exports to the United Kingdom, to the L"nited States and to Other Countries of
Merchandise the produce of Canada, 1868-1921..... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
'G. Imports from the United Kingdom, from the United States and from Other
Countries of Merchandise entered for Home Consumption, 1868-1921. .... .. ... 343
7. Values of Exports from Canada to the 'Cnited Kingdom, to the United States, to
Other Countries, and to All Countries, by Classes of
lerchandise, in five year
averages and for the fiscal years 1911-1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .. .............. 344-346
8. Values of Exports to the United Kingdom, to the L"nited States and to All Countries,
by Classes of
lerchandise the Produce of Canada, by values and percentages,
1918-1921. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . _ . , . ' . . 347
9. Value of Imports from the Lnited Kingdom, from the 'Cnited States and from All
Countries, by Classes of Merchandise entered for Home Consumption, by values
and percentages, 1918-21....... . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348-349

I:\.

, In. Tr:ule 31111 ('ornrnl'rl'l' con.

10.
11.

Exports of Canada to rnited Kingdom, Cnited f'tates nnd .\11 Countries in quantitips
and valm's, by cl

es of home produce, in tilt' four fiscal Yl'ars 1915-HI21.....
Imports of Canada, from the t"nitl"Ù hingdom, the L nited States and All Countries,
in quantities and vulue
, by cl
L<;ses entered for con:,.umption in the four fiscal
Yl'Urs 1!11 S-:? 1. . . . .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. ... .. ... ... .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. ...
EXh'rnal Trade of Canada, by \lain Groups and J>egrC<'s of
Ianufacture according
to UriJ.?:in. year l'nded 'larl'h 31, 19
O......... ... . . . ... .. . . . . .
Yalues of Exports (domestic and forei
) to the British and Forl'Ìgn West Indies, by
Countrie8, during the fi
cal YE>ars HIlS-19:!0.. . .... ...
Yalues of IrnIX)rt'" l'n h'rl't I for home cOTh>urnption (dutiahle nnd free) from the British
and Fon'i
\\ est Indies, by ('ountrie
, during the ti
cal ymrs HH
-19
0 ., ...
,- alul! of Imports and EXIX)rt
from and to Briti
h and ). on'i!!:n \\ l'St lmlies, 1901-1920
Pl'reentap:e proportions of Imports from tOni ted h. ing(lorn and t. ni h'd :-\tate8, respect-
inly, to totals of dutiable and free in the 20 tiscal ye..l.rs 1901-1!1:!0 . .....
AVl'm
o ad \.alorem Hateq of Duty c.o11ected on Imports from Cnited J\.ingdom,
rnited :-\tah
and AI! ('ountril's in tho 53 fiscal years IN:;8-1920...... . . ..... .....
Yalue of Total Exports and Imports entered for home consumption, and the duty
ooll('('t('(l thereon, at certain Ports, during the fiscal ycar
ended )larch 31, 1919
and HI:!O.... . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Imports of c('rtain .\rticles of lta'" \tatorial for home consumption, 1!11I:!-19:!0..,. .
Import
of Canada by values entl'red for consumption from British Empire and
}<orei
Countries, under the Gcner.11, l>rcfcrcntial, und Treaty Rate Tariffs in
the t",o fisea: years 1919-HI:!O . . .. ... . . ....... ...
..\
rcgate Trade of Canada by ('ountrie
for the fiseal yeur ended March 31, 192ù.._
\1l.J!I'egate Trade of Canada by Countries for the fiscal year endell )Iarch 31, 1!121.
'aIUl

of Exports from Canada of Home Produl'e to the British Empire and to
l"orei
n Co un tries in t IH' fi ve fiscal ye..lrs HH 7-1921 . . . . . . .
Yalues of Imports into C
u1Uda of \Ierdmnlli:-l' entered for Consumption, from the
Briti:.h Empin' and from Furci
Countrics, in the fi\ e fi
cal year:> 1917-1921,
nl80 of ('oin and bullion. .... .... .. . .,. .. .
Value of )h.rchamli:5e importNI into and exported from Canada thro.lgh the "Cnited

tJ1tes during the fiscal years cndl'd
Iarch 31, 1!1l!}-19:!0 . . . . . .
Quantities and '.nluE'S of ::;el<'Cted -\nimal and .\gricultural Food Produ('ts imported
into the L-nited hingdohl, by Countries whence imported. during the five
calendar years HH5-1919. .. . . . . . . . ., . . -..
Quantitil':" find Valuf"S of .\nimal and .\I.!;ricultural Products, exported from the
l'nit('(1 :-;tates to Principal Countril'S for the years ended June 30, HH4-HH7, and
the calendar year'i 1918 and l!IlY... ..............

1')

13.
U.

l.i.
16.
O.
I.,.

19.

o.

21.

!.

:I.

.H.

.i.

'!G.

').

. .

(;ralll
taH..fks.

. Xumber and Btorage Capacity of Canadian Grain Elevators in the crop years 1901-
I U:! I. . . . . . . .
29. Qu.mtitil's of Grain inspl,,<,ted during the fbcal year:; l!1l9-1!1:!1. .
:10. Quantitil':5 of Grain in"ipl'cted rluring the fi
cal year
endl'd
Iarch 31, 1914-1921.... .
:11.
hipml'nts of grain by ,,();).':)CIs from l'ort \\ i11iam and Port. \rthur for the navigation
se880ns 19 HI and 1 !I:!O . . . . .. ... ... . . . .. ... .
32. f:;hipn1l'nts of Grain hy ves
el:5 and all-rail route from Fort" i11iam and Port -\rthur
for the crop years ended A Uglli> t 31, l!H 9 and I !I:! 0 .

PAGE.

3:>0-3ì5

376-407
406-407
408
40S
409

409
410

410-411
412

413
413-415
415-416
417

418
419

420-424

424-445

446--t4S
449-451
45:!-453

453

454

Boulltlt's.
.J3. TIounties paid in Canada on I.mll, Ib99-191S. .. 4.54
3-&. Bounties pail I in Canada on Crude Petroll'um, HI05-1!.1:!0... 455

Patents, t.:op)ri
ht, Trade )Iarh.:o;, t:tc.
3.').
umber of Canadian Patent('l.'s, by Province of Re.,idence, for the fiscal years 1911-
1920 455

IX. TR_\

PURT \TIU' \
J) ('(nnn .XI('ATIUX
.

tl'am Raih\a),.
1. Hl"<'Ord of :--tl"am Rail\\ay 'W{'age, 1835-1919. .. ....

. :-;team Haih\ay )Iileage by Provinces, 1912-1919...
:1. Capital Liability of ::;team Haih\ays, 187ß-1919... .. . . . ... . . . . . . .. . - . . .
-to )Iileage, Capital, Earning
and Operating Expenses of Steam Haih\ays, 1919.....
.'). :-\team Railwav Statistics, 1901-1919.. . .. ,. . ... .. ..............
6. l:arnings and Òperating Fxpen::.es of Steam Railways per mile of line and per train
mile, 1909-1919...... .. ., . . . .. .. .. .'
4. Di
tribution of Operating Expenses of :-;tmm Raih\ays, 1916-1919. .

. )1ileage and Holling ::;tock of Steam Hailways, 1914-1919....
9. Commodities hauled as Freight on Steam ltailways, 1915-1919..: . ... . . . .
lit.
ummary Analysis of :-;tatistics of Pas::.enger and Freight :-\<.'rnces and Recelpts,
1910-1919 ..... ..........' .
11. Xumber of ::;t
m Raii\\ay 'Empi
):
es, Amount of Halaries and Wa!!:es, and Ratios
of the latter to Gross Earnings and Operating Expenses, 1907-1919; '.' . . .. ..,..
1
. Areas of Land Subsidies granted to Steam Railways by the Domlmon and Pro-
vincial Governments up to June 30, 1919.. - . . . . . . . .. ............;..
13. Aid to Hailways in the form of Guarantees of Bonds, Interest, etc., by the DommlOn
and Provincial Governments, up to June 30. 1919.... .. .' .. ..........
u. .Analysis of the Total Financial .-\id given to Steam Railways up to June 30, 1919....

460
4tJl
461
462-464
464
465
465
466
4ti6-467
4ti8
469
469

470
470

x
Steam RaUways-con.
15. Total Amount of Dominion Government Aid paid to Steam Railways up to June 30
of each year, 1901-1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .
16. Cost of Construction, Working Expenses and Revenue of Government Railways,
1868-1900, and 1901-1919, and before Confederation..... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17. Capital Expenditure by Dominion Government for construction of Government
t;team Railways to March 31, 1919.. .. .. .... ... . .. .... . . , . ..... .... . .,. .......
18. Number of Passengers, Employees and Others Killed and Injured on Steam Rail-
ways, 1888-1919.... . . . . .. . ...... ......... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........
19. Number of Persons Killed and Injured on Steam Railways, 1917-1919. ............
Electric Railways.
20. Electric Railway Statistics, 1901-1919........ . .. . . _ .. . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . .
21. Mileage and Equipment of Electric Railways, 1917-1919..... .... ... ..... .. ...... . ..
22. Capital Liability of Electric Railways, 1908-1919....... . ............. .. .... . ..
23. Mileage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Electric Railways, 1919.... .. .
u. Number of Passengers, Employees and others Killed and Injured on Electric Rail-
ways, 1894-1919.... . . . - . . . - . . . . . .. ...... -. .
1\lotor Vehicles.
25. Number of Motor Yehicles registered in Canada, by Provinces, 1914-1920...:....... 480
26. Speed Limits in miles per hour for Motor \" ehicles, 'by Provinces 480

Elpress Companies.
27. Operating Mileage of Express Companies in Canada, for the years ended June 30,
1917-1919, and for the calendar year 1919. . . .. ..............."........'......,.
28. Operating Expenses of EA-press Companies for the years ended June 30, 1915-1919,
and for the calendar year 1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ............
29. Business transacted by Express Companies in financial paper for the years endúd
June 30, 1917-1919, and for the calendar year 1919. .. ............... .... . . . . .
30. Earnings of Express Companies for the years ended June 30, 1915-1919, and for the
calendar year 1919..... . ...... .... _ .. . .. " .
Canals.
31. Canal Traffic during the Navigation Season of 1919...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32. Distribution of Total Canal Traffic by months, 1914-1919........ . . .
33. Distribution of Canal Traffic in Canada, 1919......... . . . . . . . . . .. ..................
34. Tonnage of Traffic by Canals and Classes of Products, 1918-1919...., . . . . . ., .......
3.'í. Principal Articles carried through Canadian canals during the Navigation Seasons,
1918 and 1919. _. ...............................................................
36. Traffic through the Canadian Saul t Ste. Marie Canal during the Navigation Seasons,
1899-1919. ...... '" ...................... .............. . . . . . . " .........
37. Traffic through Canadian Canals during the Navigation Seasons 1912-1919.......
38. Total Expenditure and Revenue of Canals, 1868-1919, and before Confederation, ..
39. Capital Expenditure for Construction and Enlargement of Canals, 1868-1919 and
before Confederation..... _ . .. ....... _ .... .......... ..... ...
40. Traffic through the Panama Canal, August 1914, to June, 1920,. . . . . .. ..........
41. Traffic through the Panama Canal by Nationality of Vessels for the fiscal years
ended June 30, 1917-1920.......................................................

Shipping.
42. Sea-going Vessels (exclusive of Coasting Vessels) Entered and Cleared at Canadian
Ports during the fiscal years 1919 and 1920. . . . . . . . . . . .. ........ .... . . . . .. .
43. Sea-going Vessels entered and Cleared at the Principal Ports of Canada, 1919... ...
41. Sea-going Vessels Entered Inwards and Outwards, by Countries, 1919. ........... .
45. Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at Canadian Ports with Cargo and in Ballast,
1902-1920. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . ' . . . . . . . .
46. Sea-going and Inland Vessels (exchlsive of Coasting Vessels) arrived at and departed
from Canadian Ports, 190&-1920.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
47. British and Foreign Vessels employed in the Coasting Trade of Canada, 191&-1920.
48. Canadian and American Vessels trading on Rivers and Lakes between Canada and
United States, exclusive of ferriage, ]916-1920....................................
49. Vessels buil t and registered in Canada and Vessels sold to other Countries, 1901-1920
50. Number and Net Tonnage of Vessels on the Registry of Shipping, Canada, 1915-1918
51. Steamboat Inspection during the fiscal year 1918-1919. . ........ . . . . . . . . . -. . -. .
52. Kumber of Seamen Shipped and Discharged at Canadian Ports, HJOI:j-1918.......
53. Canadian Wrecks and Casualties, for the years ended June 30,1870-1900 and 1901-1919
M. Comparative Statement of Marine Danger Signals, 1909-1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55. Revenue of the Department of Marine, 1915-1919.... . . . . .
56. Expenditure of the Department of Marine, HH5-1919.......... . . . . . . . . . . .
51. Total Revenue and Expenditure of the Department of Marine, 186
-1919.
Telegraphs and Telephones.
:is. Telegraph Statistics of Chartered Companies, June 30, 1910-1919, and for the Calen-
dar Year 1919. .... . . . . . . . .. ........., .. . . . . . . . .. ........ .. .... ....
59. Coast Stations for Communication by Wireless Telegraphy with Ships at Sea, fiscal
year 1919-20. . . . . . . . . .. .... . ... . . . . . . . ' . , . ..... . .
GO. Canadian Government Steamers equipped wi th the Radiotelegraph. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61. Business and Cost of Maintenance of Hadiotelegraph Rtations for the fiscal years
1918-1919 and 1919-1920.... ... . . . . . . . . . . . ' , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PAGE.

4iO

471

4ïl

472
472-473

474
474
4i4
475-476

476

481

482

482
483

485
485
486
486
486-487
487
48
-490
490
4!)1
492.

493

494-495
495-496
496-497
498
498
499
500
501
501
502
502
503
503
504
50!
505

506-507
508-j09
510
510

xi

,
.

Tl'll.graphs ami Tl'll'plllme
-con,
Progress of Telephones in Canada for tho years ended Juno 30, l!H5-1919, and for the
Cnll'ndarYl'arI919...... .. .. ......... ....... ........ .........

ulUber of felephone Companies reporting to the Department of Rail\"\avs and
Canals, by }>rovinces, December 31, 1919, with totals for the years ended lune 30,
H)l4-19. ............................... .......... ....
Telephones in use and milcaJ!:e of \,ire, by Provinced, Decemb

'31, 19i9;
\"ith't
tal

for tho years ended June 30, 1914-19....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wire )fi1l'age of Telephones by Classes of Wire, June 30, 1919, and December 31, 1919
Capital Liability, Cost. Hevenue nnd O(X'mting Expenses of Telephones, Dec. 31,
1919, with totals for the years ended June 30, 1914-19.....
Postal
tatlstlcs.
Kumber of Post Offices in operation in the several Provinces of Canada, March 31,
1!I
U ..... ., . . . . .... ........ ... . .... . . .. .. ..................
Statistics of Gr
Postal Revenue of Offices collecting 110,000 and upwards, 1919
and It}
O.. . . .., . . . ... . . . .. .... . . . . . . . . . . .
Rl'Vl'nue and Expenditure of the Post Office Department for the quinquennial years
18!
1910 and for the years HIlI-1920 .... . . . . . ...

Iail :O:uhsidics and Steamship
ub\ entions, 1918-1920. .. . . . . .
(\Pl'ratiun of the 1\I0nl'Y Order
) stem in Canada, 1901-1920..
)lonl'Y Orders by Prm. inces, 19lß-l\J20.... ., . . . . .. . . ..
:\umbl'r and Total Values of Postal Notes, ltH6-1920.......
IßSue of Postage
tamps, etc., I!H9-1920............ ....... ...

GJ.

6..
6.1.
G6.

67.
6.
.
G9.

.tt.
71.
;
.
,:1.
H.

x. L..1UOl.'R, ".U;ES .\:\"1) PR(('t:"'.
Occupatloll
of the People.
1. Pl'rsons ('nJ:m
ed in Gainful Occupations in Canada. by Ages, 1911..... .............
2.
umber of )lall'8 and remall'
10 years of Age and over engaged in Gainful Occupa-
tions by Provinces, 1881 to 1911........ .. . .. .. . . . . .. .......
3. Kumbl'rs and Pl'rCl'nUlJl;e Di!'tribution by Indu..,tries of Pl'rsons engaged in Gainful
OCCUI)at ions, 18
1 to 1911.. . ... .. . . .. .. ..... .
4.
umbl>rs and Percmtage Distribution by Xativity, t)cx and Industries of Persons
engaged in Gt,inful Occupations, 1911.... .............
nomlnlon Hl'I)artmt'llt of Labour.
Or anilt'd Labour In ('anada.
5. )Il'mber.-hip or 1'
de rnions in Canada, 1911-1920...... ...
6. International Trade t. nion
opl'rat ing in Canada. '" .......
7. K on-intl'rnational Trade l- nions operating in Canada. . .' . . . .

Trade nlsputes.
t\. Time LosseR hy Ind
tries in \\orking Days, 1901-19
0..... .....
9.
umher of ni
putes, EfoOtablishments, Employees and Time J.
c:>, 1901-1920
10. Di:,.putes Cln....:,itil.'d by Ind
tri
, 1901-1920.
I:mplo) mente
11. l)ercl'ntagl'" of Cnl'lIlployment in Tradl' Cnions by Provinces, 1915-l!)20
12. PerCl.'ntag;l'b of Cnemployment in Trade Cnions by Groups of lndu::.tries, 1915-1920.

PAGE.

511

511
512
512
513

514:
514-516
516
517-.118
518
519
520
520-521

522
523
523-524

524-525

525-527

530
530-531
532

533
533
534

536
537

'\a
l'S.
13. Index Xumbers of Hourly and Weekly Wage Rates Paid to ::;killed and Semi-t)killed
\\ orkcrs in 13 Cunadian Citil's, 1901-1920,....... . .... . . ." . 538
U. lnd('x K umbl'rs of Hourly and \\ l'ekly \\ nga Rates paid to Common Labourers,
:\li
cl'llaneous Factory \\orkers and Lumbermen, 1911-1920 . _,. 538
15. Wages per hour and hours \\orked per \H'ek in Leading Trades in Canadian Cities,
1 !I
U ... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .539
16. Ratesof\\ugespaidtoRaih\aylabour, 1920. .. _. .... .... .. 540
17.
ample \\agl's paid and Hours Worked in )Iiscellaneous Factory Trades in Repre-
sentath e Factoril's, 1920 ........... '......... _ _ _ . . . 541
18.
aIllple Hate::. of Wages and Hours per Week for Common Labour in Factories, 1920 542
Price., of {'ommoditlt's In ('anada.
19. Indl'x Xumbers of Wholl'S..'1.le Pric<*> in Canada by )Ionths and Groups of Commo-
ditil's, 1919 and 1920.. __ . . .. .. .. ...... 543-544
20. Indl'x 1\umbers of All Commodities by Groups, 1893-1920...., , . . . . .' 546
21. \\ l'Ckly Cost of a Family Budget of
taple Foods, Fuel and Lighting, and Rent, in
terms of the Average Price::. in ßO Canadian Cities, 1900, 1905, 1910, 1915-1920... . 549
2'!. "eekly Cost of a Family Budget of :-\taple Foods, )< uel and Lighting, and Rent, in
terms of the average price in each Province of Canada, 19U-1920... 550

XI. t'IX.-\X('I:.
Public Accounts.
1. Rf'Ceipts and Expenditures on Con:mlidated Fund Account, 1916-1920.. . 5.=)2
2. Detailed H
'Ceipts on Consolidated Fund Account, 1916-1920..... .. . 553
3. Detailed Expenditure on Consolidated Tund Account, 1916-1920............ 554
4. War Tax Revenue during the fiscal years ended :\Iarch 31,1915-20.... .. ... 555
fie \\ ar Tax Revenue collected by the Inland Revenue Department by Provinces, durin

the fbcal
'ear l'nded )larch 31, 1920.... .. . . . . . . . ' 555

Xll

Public Accounts-con.
G. Population and Revenue and Expenditure per head, 1868-1920.. _.....
7. Public Debt of Canada,
Iarch 31, 1916-1920 "'., ..........
8. Assets of the Public Debt of Canada,
larch 31, 1919-1920... ....
9. Total Liabilities of Canada, March 31, 1916-1920.. . . . . . . . . ., .
10. Funded Debt payable in London and Canada, )[arch 31, 1920....... '" .. . . . . . . . . .. .
11.
ubsidieR and other Payments of Dominion to Provincial Governments, 1915-1920. .
n. Total 01
ubsidy Allowances from July 1, 1867, to March 31, 1920.. .. ..
Inland Revenue.
13. Excise and other Rf'venues for the fiscal years 1915-1920..... .. . .
H.
tatistics of Distillation for the fiscal years 1916-1H20........ ... ........ ........
1.). Quantities of Spirits,
Ialt Liquor, )[alt and Tobacco, taken out of Bond for Con-
sumption in the fiscal years 1915-1920. _ _ ...... .' _.
16. Consumption per head of Spirits, Wine, Beer and Tobacco, and amount of Excise and
Customs Duties per head, in the fiscal years 1913-1920. . . . ' . . . . . .
17. Number of Excise Licenses issued during the fiscal years 1912-1920. .... ...... . . .
18. Number of Electric Light and Power Companies registered under the Electricity
Inspection Act in the fiscal years 1913-1920.. . _ . ... . . . . . .
19. Electrical Energy generated or produced for Export and for Consumption in Canada
under the authority of the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act during the fiscal
years 1916-1920..... .. .. .. .... . . ., ... . .... . .
Provincial Public Accounts.

o. Annual Revenue and Expenditure of the Provincial Governments, 1917-1919.... . .. .
21. Classified Summary Statement of Ordinary Receipts of Provincial Governments
for their respective fiscal years 1917-19.... ..... ... ............ . . . . . . . . . ..
22. Classified
ummary Statement of Ordinary Expenditure of Provincial Govern-
ments for their respective fiscal years,. 1917-1919......... .... .... ..... ......, '"

)Iunicipal Statistics.
23. Population, assessed value of taxable property and exemptions (land and buildings)
for cities of 10,000 and over in 1901, 1911 and 1919... . . . . . . . . .. '., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2... Receipts, ordinary and extraordinary, of cities of 10,000 population and over for the
fiscal year 1919....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25. Expenditure, ordinary and extraordinary, of cities of 10,000 population and over for
the fiscal year 1919...... . .. . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
26. Available assets, cities of 10,000 population and over, 1919- . ......... ....
27. Liabilities, cities of 10,000 population and over, 1919... .. ......
. ...... ., . ... ....
28. Yalues of Building Permits.taken out in 35 citif's in 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1920..... ... .
29. Statement of Assets and Liabilities of Electric Departments of Municipalities served
by the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission for the calendar years 1916-19. ... ....
30. Statement of Earnings and Operating Expenses of Electric Departments of
lunici-
palities served by the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission for the calendar years
1916-1919......... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . " . _ . . . .. ......,..
31. Financial Statistics of Electrical Installations of l\funicipalitic>s served by the
Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission, 1919.... . ............... .
Currency and Banking.
32. Coinag:e at the Ottawa Branch of the Royal Mint in the calendar years 1918-20.. ... .
33. Gold Coinages of the Ottawa Branch of the Royall\fint, HI08-1920........ . . . .
3... Canadian Gold Reserves, December 31, 1905-1920....... . . . . . . . .. ,..........
3,'). Circulation in Canada of Silver and Bronze Coin, December 31, 1901-1920.
36. Denominations of Dominion Notes in Circulation, March 31, 1915-1920..... .. .
37. Dominion Notes Circulation and Rescr\"es at June 30, 1890-1920........ .. .
3
. Rtatistics of Bank K ote Circulation, 1
92-1920....... .. . .
39. Circulating: )[edium in hands of the Public, 1900-1920........ .. . . . . .
40. Number of Branches of Banks in Canada, by Provinces, 1868, 1902, 1905, and 1915-20
U. Number of Branches of Chartered Banks, by Provinces, as at December 31, 1920.. .
42. "Kumber of Branches of Canadian Chartered Banks in other countries with their
location, Dec. 31, In20...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43.
\ssets of Chartered Banks of Canada, December 31, 1920, . .
u. Liabilities of Chartf'red Danks of Canada, December 31, 1920........ ..
..,'). General Statement of Chartered Banks for the calendar years 1916-1920. ...........
46. Deposits in Chartered Banks in Canada and elsewhere for the calendar year:; 1916-
1920. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .... ............ .......... ..... .. .......
47. Discounts of Chartered Banks in Canada and elsewhere, for the calendar years
1916-1920. _, '......... _ . . . . . _ . .' _ ..... .. . . .
48. Assets of Chartered Banks for the calenrlar years 1917-.H.I:!0....... .. ". ........
49. Liabilities of Chartered Banks for the calendar years 1917-1920. . . . . . , . . . .. . . . . . ..
50. Amount of Exchanges of the Clearing Houses of Chartered Banks, 1\116-1920.
51. Reserve or Rest Fund held by Chartered Banks, by months, 1911-1920......
52. Additional Bank Reserves, with Liabilities, 1892-1920...... .._
53. Ratio of Bank Reserves to Net Liabilities... .. . .........
M. Business of the Post Office Savings Banks, fiscal years 1916-1920.... _..
55. Business of the Dominion Government Savings Banks, fisC'al years 1916-l!.I20.... .. .,
56. Total Business of Post Office and Dominion Government Sa\'Ìngs Danks, fiscal ycar8
1916-1920.. ........_

Loan and Trust Companies.
57. Liabilities and Assets of Loan Companies, 1914-1919..... .. .
58. Liabilities and Assets of Trust Companies, 1914-1919.... ... .
59. [nvestments on Trust Account, 1914-H.I19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

PAGE.
556
556
557
557
558
559
559

561
562

562
562
563
563

56-1-565

567
568--569
568-571

572-573
574-575
576-578
579
580
581
582-583

583
584-591

593
593
593-594
594
594
595
596
598
599
600
601
602
60:3
604
604
605
605
606
607
607
608
609
609
609
610

610-611
611
612

xiii

60.
iii.
6"!.

{'c)mmrrt'lal ....'Uures.
Comnll'rcinll'ailurl':' in Canmla, by Provinces, for th<" caleml.lr year", 1919 and 19
0
Comlll<"rcial Failurl's in Canmlu. by Hranclws of l3usinl':-'s. 1915-1920... . . ...... ....
COlllnll'rciul Failur('s in Canada, by Provinces and Cla....ses for lU
O with totals for
l!IOS-1919. . .. . ... . . ... . . . .. ·
Causes of Failurl's in Canada and the {"nitell
tates by '1';ulI
b

'
(l P
r
"c
ili
g

\ l'ar.; <"ndl'cl Dl'C'eml>l'r 31. HH9 and 1920..... .. '
Còmnll.rcial Failun':-, 'lOd Busim':-..'i Confidence in Canada: i9Ö
192Ö (ri

bi

ij '.
Comnll'rci:Ll Failurl's nnd llu
ine:,:s Confidence in Canada. 1900-1920 (Dun).....

13.
6-1.
6';.

rAGE.
613
613
614-615
615
16
617
tn8

(;()\('rnmt'nt \nnuitirs.
66. Governm('nt .\nnuiti('s Fund Statement, :\Iarch 31. 1920. .. . . - - - - . . . .. ' . .. . - . . . 619
61. Yaluation on 'larch 31, 1!120. of .\nnuity Contracts i!:isu6C.1 pursuant to the Govern-
llH.'nt .\nnuitil's Act. 1008... . ... . .. 620
In,uranee.

b:".
6!..

}-'ire Insur!:U1ce BusinCRs transacted in Canada.. HH9.. . . . .. .. , . . . ... ....
\mounts rcc<"in'd for I' ire Insurance Premiums ..I.Ild paid for Los::>cs, with percentage
oflo.'i:>l.
toPremiums,IS69-1919...... . ...... ....... .............
Totnlf' of }lre Insurance Pn'mium!i rcct'iv<"d and Losses paid, with percentage of

i-c'S to l'r<"miums by :\ationulity of Com(:.nnics, 1
69-1919. .... ... ... . .
Fire Iru.urance Premiums rl'Cl'in'd and LOS8l'8 paid by Canadian Companies doing
bu
im'S8 in Canada and other Countril's, \\Ïth pl'rccntage of Losscs paid to Pre.
miums n'Cl'i\l'd, 18iS-1919.. ...... ..... ....... .. ..
.\mount of Fire In:,ur:lOce at ri..k in Canada. 1
fi
1919....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
et8 of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insuranc('. or Fire Insurance and other
classes of In
uran('e. and .\!"!"l'ti- in Calltula of Companiet) other than Canadian
transactin

uch bu:-,im':-..., in Canada. 1915-1919.. .. . . ... - . . . "" .. . ..., -
Liabilities of Canadian COlllpnni('s doing Fir<" In!"uranc(', or Fire Insurance and other
cla..').Q('8 of Insuranc<", und Liabilitil's in Canada of C.ompanies othcr than Canadian
tr:lO
acting such busine
in Canada. 191.5-HH9.. . . ... . . . .. . . . .
C'a....h Incomo and Expenditure of Canadian Companies cloing Fire In:ìurance or Fire
In
umnce ancl otlll'r ch
l" of In....urance. und Cash Income and Expenditure in
Canada of ('ompllOies oth('r than Cnnd.dian tran
acting such businl's:s in Canada.
HI15-1919.. . . .. ........ '......... . ........
Amount of :'\ ct l>rcmiums \\ ri ttl'n nnù 1\ et I.u:.ses inC'urred by Provin('('S in Canada.
b
Cannclian. Briti
h ancl Foreign CompaniCl:! transacting Fire Insurance. HH9. .-
I.ifl' Insumncl' in Cunada. 1915-1919.... .. .
Insurance J)eath-rat<" in Cnnada. 1916-1!119. -.. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A:-'ict:, of Canadian I.ife Companil's and A:).:jets in Canada of Life Companies other
thd.n Canadian Companies, HI15-191H. . . . '" ... .. ..... .. . . .
Liabiliti<"S of Canadian Lifl' Companil'l'! and Liabilitil'b in Canada of Life Companies
oth<"r than Cun'Lllian Companies, 1915-1919 ... .. . ..... . .. .. -. .
Cash Income and J:xpl'nditure of Canadian Life Com panics and Cash Income and
Expemlitur<" in Cunada of Life Companies other than Canadian Companies, 1915-
191U ... _ ' .
'X<"t Amount of Lifl' In:"urance in force in Canada, 1914-1919...... -
Premium Income of Life Companies. 1914-l!119....
Life Insurance on .\f>
cssn}('nt Plan. 191.)-1919......
Canadian \\ ar Claims Incurr<"d. 1914-1919. ....
Insurance oth('r than Fire
lOd Life. 1919..... -'. .. . . . . . .. ......... - - . . . . . . . . . .
Income and Expenditure and J\:'set8 and Liabilities of Canadian Companics doing
Insurance Husinl'
s other than Fire and Life. 1919. . . . . . . .. .. ... .......
Income and Expl'nditure in Canada of Companies other than Canadian, doing Business
other than Fire and Life. 1919.. .
Dominion and PrO\ incial Fire Iru,urance in Canada. 1919.. . . . ... . .,. . .. .-
Dominion and Pro" incial Insurance in Canada. other than Fire and Life, 1919.... ..
Dominion and Provincial Insurance in Canada, other than Fire and Life, net
premiwns received and l0..5Ses paid, 1919... . . . . . . . .. .. ... . . . .. . . .
Dominion und Provincial Life Insurance in Canada. 1919....... .. . . .. .......... - . . .
,Fire Insurance dTected on property in Canada. under Section 129 of the Insurance Act,
1917. by Companies, Associations or rndef\uiters not licensed to transact business
in Canada. '."'"

.0.

11.

.)
.
.
.:J.

.-1.

.d.

;6.

71.
ì
.
ì9.

-'0.

1.

2.

r.

I.

J.

G.

;.

'\.

9.
!IO.
91.

9
.
'3.

II. -\DJIIXISTR.\TIO
.

ParUamt'1l tar)' Rt'prt'st'11 tatioll.
1. Representation in the House of Commons, according to the Districts of the Repre-
sentation Act, 1914.... ... . . . . . . . . . .
2. Governors-General of Canada. Us67-1921.. .
3. Dominion Parliaments, 1867-1921.._.......
4. Dominion 'Iinistries, Ib9&-1920. .' . . . .
5. Lieutenant-Governors of Provinces, 1867-1920........ .. . . . . . . .

Public Lands.
6. Distribution of the Surveyed Areas in )Ianitoba, Saskatchewan. and Alberta, as at
January 1. 1920......... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. - - . .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Land Sales hy Railway Companies having Government Land Grants, and by the
Hudson's Bay Company, in the fiscal years 1918-1920....... . ............:.....
b. Homestead entries in )Ianitoba, Saskatchewan. Alberta, and British Columbia, by
Kationalities, made during tbe fiscal years 1915-1920. . .., . . . . . . . . . . . - . .
t. Receipts of Patents and Homestead Entries in the fiscal years 1916-1920... .. ... . . .

623-625

626
626

627
627

(ì:
8

629

630-631
631
63
-63:3
63
i
634:
635

636
37
637
637
638
639
639
640
640
.u
641
642
642
43
643

64-1

646
48
648
649-650
65û-653
653-654

656
656
661-662
66:?

XlV

Department of the Secretary of State.
10. Katuralizations in Canada by Principal Nationalities effected under the Naturaliza-
tion Acts, 1914 and 1920, during the calendar years 1915-1920. ..... . . . .

Indian Affairs.
11. Indian Population in Canada, by Provinces, 1911-1917.............................
12. Distribution of Indian Population by Age, Sex and Province, with Births and Deaths
by Provinces, 1917.. . . . .. '" ' . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .............. _... ...
13. Religion of Indian Pópulation, by Provinces, as at :\Iarch 31, 1917....... .. " . .. ., .,.
u. Attendance of Pupils at Indian Schools, by Provinces, 1919.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
15. Acreage and Value of Indian Lands, by Provinces, 1919.............. ........_
16. Area and Yield of Field Crops of Indians, by Provinces, 1919...... .... " .... .. .....
11. Numbers of Farm Live Sfock of Indians, with Total Values, by Provinces, 1919....
18. Sources and Values of Income of Indians, 1919..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Public Works.
19. Dimensions of Graving Docks owned by the Dominion Government. _............
20. Dimensions and Cost of Graving Docks subsidized under the Dry Dock Subsidies
Act, 1910......... " _ _ . . _. . . . _ ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . .., . . . . .. . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . .
?1. Expenditure and Revenue of the Public Works Department for the fiscal years
1916-1920.. ........ '" ..... . .............. . ... ...... ..............
Harbour Commissions, 671-672; National Gallery....... ........................
Public Defence.
22. Expenditure and Revenue of Militia for the Fiscal Years 1916-1920. .... .. ., '" ....
23. Expenditure on Account of War ApJ:ropriation for the year ended March 31, 1919...
2,1. Expenditure on Account of Demobilization for the year ended March 31, 1920.....
25. Scale of Annual Pensions granted to Dependants of Deceased Sailors and Soldiers of
the Canadian Naval Forces and the Canadian Expeditionary Force, as effective
on September 1, 1921....... .... . ..... ...... .... .. . . .. . .. ..... .... . ..... .. .
26. Scale of Annual Pensions to Disabled Sailors and Soldiers of the Canadian Naval
Forces and the Canadian Expeditionary Force, as effective on September 1, 1921,
under the Pension Act..... .... ..... ... .. .. ........ .... " .. . ... ... . . . .... " .....
27. Number of Pensions in Force on March 31, 1920, and the Yearly Liability incurred
thereon. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................
Royal Military College, 682-683, Naval Service, 683-684, Royal Naval College
28. Strength and Distribution of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on September
30, 1920............ .......................................................
ludicial Statistics and Penitentiaries.
29. Charges, Convictions, and Percentages of Acquittals for Indictable Offences by Prov-
inces, 1918 and 1919......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30. Indictable Offences by Classes, 1918 and 1919. .., _.. .,. _ _ _. _ .. ....., . _. .
31. Convictions and Sentences for all Offences, by Provinces, 1913-1919.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32. Juvenile Criminals convicted of Indictable Offences by Classes of Offence, 1919, with
the total and yearly average for the period 1885-1919..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .
33. Charges, Acquittals, Convictions and Sentences in respect of Indictable Offences,
1914-1919. . ....... .. ...... .......... .......... _ _.... _.. " . . "'"
34. Classification of persons convicted of Indictable Offences, 1913-1919... . .. . .... ....
35. Convictions by Classes of Offence, 1913-1919.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3G. Convictions for Drunkenness for the five years 1915-1919........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37. Population of Penal Institutions, 1918-1919..........................................
38. Movement of Convicts, 1915-1920... . .. .................... _. ...... '"
39. Kumber of Deaths, Escapes, Pardons and Paroles, 1915-1920..............
40. Age of Convicts, 1914-1920...... .... ... . " . ... ... . ... . " .. ..... ... .. .. ., .
u. Classification of Convicts, 1914-1920. . .. . .

PAGE.

664

665
666
666
667
667
667-668
668
668

670
670
671
672

673-674
675-676
676-678

679

680-681
682
684
685

686
686
687-688
689
689
690-691
691-692
693
693
694
695
695
695-696

Divorce.
42. Statistics of Divorces granted in Canada, 1868-1920........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Acts of Parliament and Publications.
List of the Principal Acts of Parliament administered by Departments of the Government of the
Dominion of Canada, as compiled from information supplied by the respective Departments. 698-699
List of Principal Publications of Departments of the Government of the Dominion of Canada,
as compiled from information supplied by the respective Departments. .................. 699-705
List of Principal Publications of the Provincial Governments of Canada, as compiled from in-
formation supplied by the respective Governments..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705-713

XID. LEGISLATION AND PRI
CIPAL .
\.ENTS OF THE YR\R 1920.

Dominion Legislation, 1920............. ...... ". .. ...... .. .......... ..........
Provincial Legislation, 1920......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Principal Events of the Year 1920......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...................................
The first assembly of the League of Nations, 7:38: Ninth Congress of the Chambers of
Commerce of the British Empire, 742: Convention of American Federation of Labour
at Montreal, 743: Trade Conference at Ottawa between Dominion and West Indian
Governments, 744: Imperial Press Conference at Ottawa, 744: Provincial Plebiscites,
745: Provincial General Elections, 745: The Economic and Financial Year, 745:
Obituary, 747.

713-720
720-738
738-748

:\v

I\.. t:
TR.\("r
.'RO:U TII.: C.\
.\J).\ G.\ZETTE.

PrÏ\y Councillor8, 748: Lil'uh'n.lJ\t-Gm,ernors, 748: Ne\\ Senators, 749: New Members of the
1I0U!
e of Common.q, ;49: Cahinet
Iinisters and other
Iembers of the Government 749:
Juclicinl \ppointm('nts, ;.')0: Commi:,sions, 751: Imperial Honours and Decorations' 752:
Official AppointlUents, 752: Day of Gpneral Thanksgiving, 75:!. '

I.IST OF U.U.S .\
H HI U;R.\:\IS.

Map of the Dominion of Canada and "'\e" {oundland.. . _ ..
Diagram: OrJ.!;anization of the Dominion Rure..m of
tatisti('s....... .. .. .., .......
Map of Canalh, sho\\ in
normal me..'U1 temperature and prccipi tatioo. in January. . . . . . .., . Facing
Map of Canada showing normal m('.I.n temperature and precipitation in July.. . . Facing
Diagram: Index numbers of aver
e prices of field cro
, 1909-1920....
Diagrams illustrating the l>aper-mnkinJP; Industry...... . . . . . . . . ... .....
Diagram: .\gJl;rE'gate External Trado of Canada, 1901-1921...... . . . .. . . .
Diagram: Course of Wholesale Prices in Canada by months, 1919-1920.....
Diagram: Course of \\ holesale PriC'es in Canada, IS9(}-1920...... . . . . . .

YEAR BOOK.
History of Canada Prepared under the direction of \RTIIUR G. DOUGHTY, ('.)LG.,
LL.D., Deputy )[inister, Puhlic Archives pf Canada. With IS illustrations... . ..
Constitution and Govcl'nml'nt of Canada. By THo
t\g BARS'ARD FLJXT, M..\.,TJI..D.
D.C.L., Clerk of the House of Commons of Canal la, Otta\\a. With 8 illustrations.
Local Government of Canada: 'laritimA Provinces. By THOY\s B\R
ARD FLI
T,
'LA., LL.D., D.C.L., Clerk of the House of Commons of Canada, Ottawa.....
Quebec. By C. J.
IAG
AN, Inspector Gcneml of Roman Catholic Schools, Quebec
Ontario. By ER"i'EST II. GODFREY, F .S.S., Editor, Census and Statistics Office, Ottawa
'[anitoba,
a
katche\\an and .\lbt'rta. By the REV. CAPTAI
EDl\tu"'D II. OLIVER.
Ph.D., Principal of the Presbyterian Theolo
i('al College, Saskatoon,
askatche-
wan, and Chaplain of the 196th (Western (;niversities) Üvcr::.eas Battalion. .
British Columbia. By S. D. RcoTT, Vancouver, B.C . ...... .....
Geolo
y and Economic
tinerals. By R. W. BROCK, 'LA., F.G.S., Deputy
linister
of 'lines, Ottawa. With 5 illustrations...... . . . . . . . " .. " . .
Geolo
in Relation to Agriculture in Canada. By WYATT
hLCOLY, Department of
Mines, Ottawa. With 4 illustrations.. .. - .
Flora of Canada. By J.
1. 'iACOUN, C.'I.G.,J.'.L.
., .hsistant Botanist and Xatural-
ist. D('partment of
linl'8, Ottawa, and :\1. O.
f.\LTE, Ph.D., Dominion Agrostol-
o
ist, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. With; illustrations. .
Faunas of Canada. By P. A. TAVER
ER, Department of
Iines, Ottawa. With 6 illus-
trations..... .... . - . .. . - . - . . - . - . -. - ., ..,
Climate and 'letrorolO$!;Y. By A. J. CO
NOR, )LA., Climatologist of the )[etcoro-
logical
ervice of Canada. . .. - - . .
General Survey of the Climate of Canada. By R. F. :::;TUP.\RT, F.R.S.C., Director
of the
[eteorological Service of Canada, Toronto. . .

atural Resources of the Dominion of Canada. By \\.\TSON GRIFFIN, Department
of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa.. With 10 illustrations. ...........
The Story of Confederation. By f'IR JObEPH POPE, K.C.
LG.,C.Y.O.,I.S.O., Lnder
Secretary of State for External Affairs, OUa\\ a. With 2 illustrations.
Fifty Years of Canadian Progress, 1867 to 1917. By ERXEST H. GODFREY, F.S.S.,
Editor, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, OUa" a. . . . .. ........ . .. .. .. .
Water-Powers of Canada. By J. B. CHALLlES, C.E. (Tor.), M. Can.
oc. C.E., Super-
intendent, Water Power Branch, Department of the Interior, Ottawa...
HIstOry of the Great War. By Brig.-General E. A. CRUIKSHANK, LL.D., F.R.S.C.,
Director of the Historical Section, General Staff, Department of Militia and
Defence, Ottawa. Wi th appendices.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ERRATUM: Page 164. line 1, for "VII" read "VI".

RETROSPECTIVE I
DEX.

""'U'I.\L .\RTf( J.J:
J:\ (' \
.\n.\ \ J: \R noot\. 1913-1919.

(Not repented in this Edition).

Facmg

............ .
. . Facing

HI13

1915
1915
1915

1915

1913

1!H4

1916-17

PAGE

Contents
61
164
164
255
289
336
545
547

PAGE.

1-29

1914

1-17

1-7
8-10
11-14

1915
HH5

14-23
23-26

1913

41-46
34-38

1914

1915

43-55

55-63

113-122

128-139

1-61

1918

1-13

1918

23-72

1918

281-283

1919

1-73

.

XVI

STATISTICAL SU:\Il\IARY OF THE PROGRESS OF CANADA.
Area or the Dominion or Canada in square miles:-Land, 3,603,910: Water, 125,755: Total, 3,729,665.

Items.

Estimated population. No.
Immigration.. .......... No.
Agriculture-
Wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . Acres
Oats. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ::
Barley. . . . . .. . . . . . .
Corn. . . . . . .. . . "
Potatoes...... . .... "
Hay and clover. . . . . . .

1915.
7,928,000
144,789

15,109,415
11,555,681
1,718,432
253,300
485,777
7,776,995

Wheat.... ..... .... .., Bush. 393,542,600
Oats........... ..." 464,954,400
Barley................ " 54,017,100
Corn.................. " 14,368,000
Potatoes... '.' . . . . . . . . 60,353,000
Hay and Clover.. . . . . Tons 10,612,000
Wheat............. $ 356,816,900
Oats...... . .. .. .. .. .. $ 171,009,100
Barley....... .. . __ ..... $ 27,985,800
Corn......... . . . . . . . . . $ 10,24:3,000
Potatoes....... .... $ 36,459,800
Hay and Clover... ... $ 152,531,600
Field Crops-
Total area........ .Acres
Total value........ . $
Live Stock-
Horses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No.
Milch cows. . .. .. "
Other cattle. . . . . . .
Sheep........ . . . . . . . ., "
Swine.... ..

Horses. . . . . . . . . $
:Milch cows .......... $
Other cattle. . . . . . . $
f:heep.......... $
Swine.. . . . . .. . . . . . . $
Total value........ . $
Dairying-
Cheese, factory.. ..... .lb.
Butter, creamery. . . . . . .lb
Cheese, factory. .. . . . . .. $
Butter, creamery. .. $
Miscellaneous dairy
products. . . . . . . . , $
Total value dairy pro-
ducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $

Fisheries-
Total value......

MineralsL-
Gold. . . .. .......... oz.
Silver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Copper. .......... lb.
I.Jead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Nickel....... . . . .
Pig iron. . . . . . . . . . Ton::.
Coal. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . "
Cement...... brl.

Gold. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. $
Silver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Copper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Lead.....__ "'...__.. $
Nickel.. . .. .. . . . . .. . ... $
Pig iron........ $
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cement................. $
Total value........ ... $

1916.
8,140,000
48,537

15,369,709
10,996,487
1,802,996
173 ,000
472,992
7,821,257

262,781,000
410,211,000
42,770,000
6,282,000
63,297,000
14,527,000
344,096,400
210,957,500
35,024,000
6,747,000
50,983,:300
168,547,900

1917.
8,361,000
75,374

14,755,850
13,313,400
2,392,200
2:34,339
656,958
8,225,034
233,742,850
403,009,800
55,057,750
7,762,700
79,892,000
13,684,700
453,038,600
277,065,300
59,654,400
14,307,200
80,804,400
141,376,700

1918.
8,593,000
79,074

17,353,902
14,790,336
3,15:3,711
250,325
7:35,192
10,544,625
189,075,350
426,312,500
77,287,240
14,214,200
104,364,200
14,772,300
381,677,700
331,357,400
77,378,670
14,214,200
102,235,300
241,277,:300

1919.
8,835,000
57,702

19,125,968
14,952,114
2,645,509
264,607
818,767
10,595,383
193,260,400
394,387,000
56,389,400
16,940,500
125,574,900
16,348,000
4.57,722,000
317,097,000
77,462,700
22,080,000
118,894,200
338,713,200

1920.

117,336

18,232,374
15,849,928
2,551,919
291,650
784,544
10,379,292
263,189,300
530,709,700
6:3,310,550
14,334,800
133,831,400
13,338,700
427,357,300
280,115,400
52,821,400
15,656,000
129,803,300
348,166,200

39,110,160 38,930,333 4.2,602,288 51.-127,190 53,0-19,6:1:1) 52,830,865
825,:J70,600 88G,-I91,900 1,1-11,636,-150 1,367,909,970 1,537,170,100 1,<155,244.0,)0

2,996,099
2,666,846
3,:399,155
2,038,662
3,111,900

3,258,342
2,8:33,433
3,760,718
2,022,941
3,474,840

3.412,749
3,202,2
:3
4,718,657
2,369,:358
3,619,382

:373,381,000 4380,884,000 429,12:3,000
16:3,919,000 4198,896,000 274,081,000
152,461,000 4204,477,000 270,595,000
16,226,000 420,312,000 35,576,000
43,65:3,000 449,477,000 92,886,000

3,609,257
3,5:38,600
6,507,267
3,052,748
4,289,682
459,155,000
307,244,000
398,814,000
48,802,000
112,751,000

3,667,:369
3,.548,437
6,5:36,574
3,421,958
4,040,070

3,400,352
3,530,238
5,947,142
3,720,783
3,516,678

43.5,070,000 361,:328,000
327,814,000 281,675,000
381,007,000 279,825,000
50,402,000 37,263,000
102,309,000 81,155,000

'H9,610,OOU 4854,01'J,QOO 1,102,261,000 1,326.766,000 1,296,602,000 1,011,216,000
183,887,8:37 192,96S,597 194,904,336 174,878,31 166,421,871 149,201,856
83,991,453 82,564:,130 87,526,9:39 9:3,298,:348 103,899,707 111,691,718
27,097,176 35,512,622 41,180,623 39,456,532 44,586,16t1 39,100,872
24,385,052 26,966,355 34,274,218 41,859,156 56,:371,985 63,625,203
18,424,485 26,025,162 34,238,449 43,610,916
93,879,326 107,310,850 135,196,602 146,333,491

31,261,611

918,056
26,625,960
100,785,150
46,:316,450
68,308,657
913,775
13,267,02:3
5,681,032
18,977,901
13,228,842
17,410,6:35
2,593,721
20,492,597
11,374,199
:32,111,182
6,977,024
137.92U.7.)9

35,860,708

930,492
25,459,741
117,150,028
41,497,615
82,958,564
1,169,257
14,483,395
5,369,560
19,234,976
16,717,121
31,867,150
3,532,692
29,035,498
16,750,898
38,817,481
6,547,728

177.2Ul,53-1

f39,
08,3782
\ 52,312,01-1 3 .
738,831
22,221,274
109,227,332
32,576,281
84,330,280
1,170,480
14,046,759
4,768,488
15,272,992
18,091,895
29,687,989
3,628,020
3:3,7:32,112
25,025,960
43,19!),8:31
7,724,246

1S9,6 .6,
21

360,263,502
710,526
21,284,607
118,415,829
43,846,260
92,076,0:34
1,194,000
14,979,213
3,591,481
14,687,875
20,597,540
29,163,458
4,055,779
36,830,414
33,000,000
55,7.52,671
7,076,503

356,508,479

766,764
16,020,657
75,05:3,581
43,827,699
44,544,883
917,781
13,681,218
4,495,257
15,853,478
17,802,474
14,028,265
3,0.53,037
17,817,953
24,577,589
54,413,349
9,802,433

349,247,279
765,007
13,3:30,357
81,600,691
35,85:3,717
61,335,706
1,090,396
16,631,954
6,651,980
15,814,098
13,450,330
14,244,217
3,214,262
24,5:34,282
30,319,024
80,693,723
14,798,070

210.20-1,970 176,6S6,390 227,8.)9.66.)

lThe figures ror 1920 are subject to revision. 2Fiscal year 1916-17. 3 Calendar years. 4Revised figures.

'\ \'11

It('m:-..

S1' \ 1'1""'1'1(' \I.
(T'nl.\R \ Of<' 'I.'UE .-RU(åIU:SS 01<' ('.\
.\n.\-con.

1920.

'I :muCuct ur(':-.'
I.'mpln) t"t'
Cupi tnl. .
;-;.,l:1rit'
anti "a
'
Proc IUl't

Tr:u Ie -
E'port
t. .
Impur
s.

Total .......
J 'worts, domestic-
\\ heat..... Bush.
\\ heat flour.. hrl.
Oats..... ...... BU"lh
II av . .. .. ..... . . . TOM
· Baron nnd hams, f'hou1df'r:i
nncl ..ides.. . . . ('" t
Butt('r...... I.b.
Ch("t.:-('... Lb.
Whe.lt . .. ... S
\\ he.,t flour. . ., s
(

. S
IIlIv..... S
* Baèon anti h:ulls,
houlclt'rs
nncl sides S
Butt ('1". . S
Chc't'Se . . . . . S
*BnC'on onl) in 1!115.
FislU'ri<'S... . S
Forcst I)roclm.p..... S
\hnuCuctur('s. ....... I
'Iim'rals S
( ;olcI 4 . . S
:-:ilvt'r oz.
('oppcr'. lb.
'\ïckel. . lb.
('nal "on:i
:-\ilver ,
Copt*r. . S
Xickel. $
Coal...... S
J lllports Cor C'oIDIumpt ion-
\'t'
etahle Procluet:'! (px-
ccpt chemicals, fi brc:>
nnd \\00<1>..... " S
.\nimals and their Pro-
ducts \exct'pt chemical

andtibre:;).... .....S
Film
, Tcxtile:> .md Tex-
tile Products. _.... . . S
\\ nod, \\ood produC'ts and
Paper. . . . . .. .. ... .... S
Jron and its products.....,
Xon- Ferrous )Ietab and
their produC'ts. .. . S
,,"on-metallic '[inerals and
t heir products (e1:c p pt
chemiC'als}..... . . S
Chemicals and allied pro-
duct:>.. .. S
\11 other commoclitit's ..S
;-::t..:\I1I H.ailwa V
7-
\Iilt.s in operation
('apital.. .
I )a.<;senq;4:'r:> . .
)'rl'i
ht
Earnings .....
F xpt'n-..es. . .. .....
Ell'Ctrie H.uil\\:1\:-,IL7-
\Jilt.... in oper.ltion
CapitaL.. .
Pa.'i-..en
ers .
I :rci
ht. ....
I. armngs. . . . . .
Expen
e!"... .

_ H1l5.

1!1I6.

'\0 51-1.....\1
I 1.99.t.IO:i.2i2
S 2S!I,itil,,')(n
I 1,407,137, un

1917. 1918. I
1).I2,Oû7' 67S.337
- 2,iðû,û-lH.i:..7
,03-1,301,91.')
,')53,38.1,1)75 6:!!1.7HO.644
3,01,1,5ii,911) 1,4')'\,mli.97.)

1919.

S 409,411\.1\:
6 741,610.6 ''\ 1 1, 1.11 ,:Iï'i,7Ii\ l l,5-I0,0
7, i
'\ I ,
16.4-13,R06 1.2:HI,49
,09'"
I 45:>.95:>,90
508,201,134 S-I6,-I50,b78 963,532,57
919,
11,70,':i I,Oûl,528,1 2"
I "'6.i,371.nll.:"I:f.!\11.77
1,9'ì,S':!6,61f),
.ãO:
..)(jll,36G 2,1:16.15..,511
,30",O
O,2
1
il,913,3S.)1 157,i-l.),469. 1R\J.6-1:i,
ltj 150,392,037 41,80S,897 77,978,03i
-I,952,3:i7 6,4/)0.214 7,425,723 9,931,1-18 9,2O,j,4:i!l 8,Sû:I,061'
17. ili....lûô 26.1'\ 1û.322 66,368,832 54:,877 ,
S2 17 ,R79, 783 10, 76S,S7

131,
75 2:>5,407 198,914 440,:368 192,208 218,561

76Q.01-l 1,531),517 2,116,166 2,078,330 1,246,SðS 2,236.42(j
2,72-1,913 3,4-11,183 7,990,435 4,926,15-1 13,659,157 17,612,60.')
137,601.lil.l1 16,
,!lM ,583 1S0,7:i3,426 16!J,5:iO,753 1.'>2,207,037 126,39.'),777
7-1,29:i,:>4d 172,
J(j,-I45 2-1-1,394 ,586 36Iì.3-11.565 flfì.985,056 IS5,044,SOfì
21,61O,W6 :i.l, 767 ,044 47,473,474 95,S!l6,492 99,931,659 94,2Ii
,92S
1\,001,126 1-1,637,1\-19 3:1,91S.47!1 37,6.U,29:
15,193,527 9,:3-19,45,1)
2,2:i2,558 5,M9,426 4,219,091 5,073,814 7,61ì6,491 4,01\7,6711
11,1\11,

.1
7,0!1U.1I3 43,778,03-1 60,OS2,4!)-I 40,2-12.17,1) 70, 12:
,5S0
6:
!1,625 1.01'\,769 2,491,991 2,000,467 6,1-I0,S61 9,84-1.:
5!1
19,21:J,áOl 21),6!IO,.100 36,721,136 36,û02,504 35,2:!:1,9S:3 36,336,86'1
19,1i'l7,lIû'\ 22.37i,97i 2-1.S1\9.2,1)3 32,602,1.1)1 37,137,072 42,2R:>,03.')
42,6.iO.6...:J ,51,271,-100 ,i5.!I07,209 51, ...!I!) , 70-1 70,.1).11, !llIl 111.'),325,:17,1
1\.'i,5:
!1.5111 2-12,0:H,!J!N 477,:m!I.676 0:16,602,516 555,42\J.1:JO 40:J, 132, 161
51,7-10,9...!1 titi,.'i"'!I,S61 S.1,IHû,!I07 7:i, i6:J,50:! 77,514,508 62,:316,304
1.1.-106,510 16,
70,394 19,671,O:W 13,68S,700 9,202,0:33 5,97-1.:
34
2.'i.:J55,30.1 27,79-1,566 2:1,844 ,261 21,!160,827 19,759,478 12,37!1,lì-l2
62,999.718 111,0-16,300 126,4S9,&.I1I 77,.i:J4,OOO 65,612,400 42,00:i,:IOn
4,1,412,017 70,443,000 82,620,400 8:i,O-l9,900 79,164,400 44,140,701J
1,512,41\7 1,971,124 1,899,11\,) 1,!102,01O 1,826,639 2,120,1:38
1:1"iI6,300 14,298,351 15,870,N)3 18.42S,571 19,519,642 14,2ã.I),601
6.,152,005 1-1 ,û70 ,07:1 22,744,82,1 10,710,70,1 . 8.684,191 5,25:1,218
.'>.063,656 7,714.769 8,925,554 9 ,1I2!) ,!i:I.'i 11 , 170 ,3.19 9,03!),221
4,4Iil),251\ 6,032,765 6,817,034 8,
4,038 10, IG9, 722 1:1,IS3,li6fì
9.1,426,0:!4 12,j,870,66h 1-1 1\, 9:)R,8S
1.')7,.')06,ß,i4 2-12,07;J,3S!1
3R.657.514 63 ,834 ,!i2
60,.1)70,16i 41,.iO.l,09-1 9,:;,098,743
Vb, 191 ,4:S,1 l-I2.ð6
.0:18 152,311.2S:! 1i8,190,241 231,;,).')9,Xi7
1.'\,277,420 23,931.265 28,470,71.') 3.5,399,S:;:! 43, ]k:i,2fì7
92,065,895 1:>3,251,379 19.i,248,713 192,.527,377 186,:H9.87(j
29,448,661 39,464,210 46,203,053 41,649,431 52,103,913

53.427,531
19.25S,326
I) ).-I,h,:!iS

79,227,545

129,788,50-1
27,840,576
174,140,682

135,2.50,417
34,2H2,6-17
10:3,399,992

12] ,9.i6, 17fì
29.8'''1),102
62,344,7X()
39,19r,
2088,222,267
51,30fJ,Oi-l
127,:3K'i,453
491,938,
.')7
478,002,824
1,699
171,115,40-1
804,711,:13;)
2,6\)1,150
47,047,246
37,2i2,4S3

S,672,!)9ð
1 MI ,3:10 ,2.1:1

.
o 3,1,57
37,434 38,604 38,879 38,896
S 1,8i;}.XIO,
1'I
1,893,125,774 1,9ð,i,1l9,H91 1,999,880,49-12,009,909,510
. . So. 46,:i22,O:i5 -19,027,671 53,i-IU,6S0 50,737,294 78,371,716
..Tons 8i,204,
:iS 1O!),6.,)9,OM
121,916,272 127,543,G87 116,699,572
S 199,...n,072 261,S

,654 310,771,-179 3:30,320,150 382,976,901
S 147,ï:n,0!19 lS0,.542,2.19 222,890,637 273,955,436 341,866,509

o. 1.590 1,674 1,744 1,616 1,696
... S 150.34-1.002 1.,)4,b9.i,.')S4 161,2:1-1,739 1û7,25:3,0!)3 171,894,556
. Xo. .562,:m2,:i73 5ðO,09-1,167 629,4-11,997 487,365,456 686,124,263
Ton, I..H:i,!)!):! 1,9:16,6i-l 2,3:j:i,.13t1 2,497,530 2,474,89:!
$ sl 263122.000 27,-116,285 30,2
7,664 24,299,890 35,696,532
18,t:3UH2 1
,0!}U,9U6 20,098,6:34 17,53.5,975 26,839,070

1 Including all establishment:>, irre:-,pl.'Ctive oC the number oC employees: employee",; include ou
'-\ide
pi('ce \\or1..ers in 1915 and 1917. :For HJl8 the figure
are preliminary and clo not include outside pIC'C<'>-
workers. :t E:Kports oC dome
tic merchandi:--e only. 3 Imports of merehandise for home consumption.
4 The figures Cor 191!1 are Cor gold exported to foreign countrie:3 only. Ii Copper, fine, contained in on',
matte, rf'q;1II u.... <.>t('. 6 :-:ibti..;ties Cor I!II'\ ,10 not in,'lud,' \[ontreal Tr:unw:lYs. 7 C:tlpn,hr YP:U' I!J:W
1St
7-n

XVlll

STATISTICAL
L':\nIARY OF TH"
PROGRESS 01' CAN.\D.\-concluded.

Items. 1915. 1916. 1917.

('an
ls-
Passengers carried... No. 250,836 263,648 244,919
Freight...... ., Tons 15,198,803 23,583,491 22,238,935
f'hipping (sea-going)-
Entered... .... . . . Tons 13,132,944 12,616,927 14,789,781
Cleared... _ "12,269,642 12,210,723 14,477,293
Total...... _ ..." 25,40
,58G 2t,S27.650 29,267,074

Telegraphs, Government,
miles of line....... .... . 10,488 10,699 10,924
Tcle!:!;raphs, other, miles of
line..... .. . . 36,484 38,552 39,196
Telephone
.. _...... :
? 5:33,090 548,421 604,136
Motor vehIcles.... . . . . 89,944 123,464 197,799

Postal-
Money orders issued.... $
Revenue. . . . - - . $
Expenditure......... .' $
$
$
$
$
$

Revenue. . _ .. . . . . . . . . .
Expenditure. . . . . . .. . .' .,
Gross debt......... .... . .
As
ets. ....... . . . . . .
Net debt..

I

1918.

212,143
18,883,619

15,780,160
17,006,967
32,787,127

10,950

39,438
662,330
275,746

I

1919.

291,800
9,995,266

11 ,694,613
13,566,780

25,261,393

11,428

37,771
724,500
341,:U6

89,957,906
13,046,650
15,961,197
133,073,482
135,523,207
700,473,814
251,097,731
449,376,08:3

94,469,871 119,695,53;) 142,959,16R 142,37.5,809
18,858,410 20,902,384 21,:345,:m4 21,602,713
16,009,139 16,:300,579 18,046,558 19,273,584
172,147,838 232,701,294 260,778,953 312,946,747
1:30,350,727 148,599,343 178,284,313 232,731,28:3
936,987,802 1,;38
,003,26S 1,863,335,893 2,46a,18:3,021
321,831,631 502,816,970 671,451,836 6t7,5!J8,202 2
615,156,171 879,186,298 1,191,884,mj'3 1,812,584,819

I

1920.

230,468
8,73.3,383

12,010,374
13,234,380

25,2-11.7';-1

11,454

38,122

856,266
407,072

lfi9,224,93ì
24,449,917
20,774,38:>
349,746,335
303,84:3,930
3,041,529,587
ï92,6üO,9ü3 2
2,248,86S,62-\

Chartered Banks-
Capital paid up.. $ 113,982,741 113,175,353 111,637,755 110,618,504 115,004,960 123,617,120
Assets.., . . .:.. $ 1,596,424,643 1,8:39,286,7092,111,559,5552,432,331,418 2,754,568,118 3,064,133,84:3
Liabilities (eÀcludmg
capital and reserves). $ 1,35:3,629,123 1,596,905,337 1,866,228,2362,184,359,8202,495,582,568 2,784,068,69k
Depositsl.... $ I,Hß,340,315 1,418,035,429 1,643,302,020 1,909,895,780 2,IR9,428,885 2,438,07H,7H2

Savings Banhs-
Deposits in Post Office. S
Government. . _ _ 8
Spccial.. . . .. . . $
I.oan Companie",-
Assets.... .
Liabilities... -
Deposits..... .

39,995,406
14,006,157
37,817,474

42,582,479
1:3,633,610
44,139,978

41,2
3,479
12,177 ,283
42,000,543

69,99,=},036
69,99,3,224
7,802,539

41,654,920
11,402,098
46,799,877

7<1,520,021
74,.120,021
H,347,096

31,60.3,594
1O,729,21S
,1)3,11S,()!):

Trust Companies-

hareholders' assets. $ 7,306,350 7,826,943 7,656,292 8,836,137 10,007,941
Investmcnts on trust
account.-. .. ..... $ 40,730,033 47,669,243 49,291,347 68,938,236 73,133,017
Dominion Fire In:"urance-
-\mount at risk Dec. 31. $ 3,531,620,802 3,720,058,236 3,986,197,514 4,523,514,841 4,923,024.381 5,971,330.272 3
Prcm. income for year. $ 26,474,83:3 27,783,852 31,246,536 35,954,408 40,031,474 50,505,85ß'

Provincial Fire Insurance-
A mount at risk Dec. 31. $
Premo income for ye
ro $

40,008,418
13,520,009
40,405,037

$
$
$

71,992,666
71,992,666
9,193,194

70,872,297
70,872,297
8,987,720

69,676,223
69,679,193
8,934,825

849,915,678 891,299,821 1,000,541,101 1,004,942,977 1,0.>4,105,0113
- 3,902,504 4,mn,815 4,185,
.31 4,:302,492 5,2lG,7
)i}3

Dominion Life Insnrance-
"mount at risk Vcr. 31. $ 1,311,616,677 1,422,179,6:32 1,.')85,042,.563 l,i8.3,061,273 2,187,837,317 2,657,037,2HP
Premo income Cor yc_tr. $ 45,106,678 48,093,105 54,843,609 61,li,U,047 74,70
,509 U6,212,H:
.P

- 348,097,229 41!i,870,273 239, 12G, 190 223,h53,792 174,740,21.-;1
- 5,311,003 7,397,19:3 4,821,8:

) 4,407,833 3,2
2,6t)!1:1

Provincial Lifl' InHuran('e-
.\mount at ri"k Dec. 31. $
Premo income for Yl':tr. $

3Figures suhj!'ct to

1 [neluding amounts (leposite.l ebl'wlll're than in Canada.
J ('vision.

NOTE.

2.Active asscts only.

In the foregoing Summary the statistics of immigration, fiHherics, (1915-17), tnHle, shirping, the
1'o<.;t ()Hiee, the puhlic Jcbt, rl'n'nul' and expenditure and the Post ()flict O and GOVl'rnl11ent
avings Bank",
relate to the fiscal year ended :\lar('h :31. Agricultural, dairying, hshcril'H (1917-20), mim'ral, manulal'tur-
ing, banking, insuram'e, loan an(l trust ('ompanies' statistics relate to t he calendar yeaf'S and r:ÜI
ay
statistiC's to thc y('ar::; enclt'd J um' :30, 1915-19, and to the ('al!'nclar year H120. ('anal :,tati:-;tif's art' t ho:,c of
t.he navigation :,;ea:,ons. The h'lp!!;1"aph :-;t:lti:,t il's I'pl:1te to t 11l' liHl':LI YI':ll':' fur Gon'J"l1l11cnt lim'" nntl to t II!'
('alt'nd:ll' yp.lr" I'UI' 01 lapr linl':i.

1.- RECO
STRUCTIO
IN CANl\DA.

B1. s. A. CUD110RE, B.A. (TOR.), M.A. (OXON.), F.S.S., F.R. ECOX.
SOC., EDITOR CANADA YEAR BOOK, DOl\n
IOX
nrnEAU OF STATISTICS, OTTA ".A.

SUM\IARY OF CONTENTS.

PAGE.

J "'THODUCTORT . . . . - . . ' . . . - - ............ - - . .
1'.\HT 1 -\\AR-TBIF. ACTIVITIE
OF
GoVERr\
II'XT A
D PEOPLE... 2-20
FOOD PRODUCTIO' AND CONSERVATION.. 3
fUE 'IUNlTIO'8 IlIODUttTRY IN CA1IoADA. . 6
".\.R FINAXCE. 8
\\ \.R LOA1Io8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 8
\\ AR T AXATIO
IN CA 'ADA.. . .... _.. .. .. 10
\\ AR-TIYE EXPAM
IO
01' GOVEItNME
T
Fu1Io"cTIo'8....... 13
FOOD C01loTROL..... .. ..... 14
FtJEL CO'l/TROL........... .............. 15
l:TILlZATIO
01' TIlE NATIOXAL LABOUR
FORCE.... ....... 16
CO
RDJ...ATED OPJ:ItATIO
01' CANADIAX
RAIL \\ A YS. .. ... ............ .... 17
OTHER WAR-TI1IE GOVER1Io11EXTAL ACTIV-
ITII:8.. ....... . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ . . . . _ 17
YOLL"'l/TART CONTRIBUTIO"lS OF THE
PEOPLE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
THE POST-WAR
lTUATIOX.._. .......... 19

}>\RT II.-RE-r:-:TABLI:-:II"r
T OF
H.ETURi\ED SOLDIEH
... ... 20-43
'hUTARY HOSPITALS COMMI88IO
..... _ _. 20
DEPARTMENT OF
OLDIERS' Cn IL RE-
J.;STABLI
H\IE:"T. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
\'OCUIOXAL TRA11lo1XG FOR DISABLED
SOLDIFH8....... .................. 22
RE-TRAl'I1IoG 01' THE BLI...D...... .., _. _ _ 24
PRm ISIOX OT \RTIrICIAL LruBS A'S'D
ApPLHNCE.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
PosT-DISCHARGE DE
AL TREATME
T... 2.1
F\lPLOYMENT 0.. DE\IOBILIZED SOLDIERS.. 26
EYPLOYMEXT CO....DlTIO...S........ _.." _ 26

PEC'1AL RELlEr TO UNE\IPLOTED RE-
TtJRXED \lEx, 1919-1921............. 27
LOA,"s TO YOCATIOXAL AND U1Io"IVERSITY
STUDENTS .......... 28

PAGE.
PART 11.- RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF
RETURNED SOLDIERS-con..... 20
SETl'LEMENT 01' RETURNED SOLDIERS ON
FARMS.............................. 29
PE1Io SIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
PROVISION 01' RETURNED SOLDIERS' LIFE
IXSUHANCE............. ,...... ...... 38
WAR :::)EmICE GRATPITT................ 40
PREFEHE1IoCE "OR CIVIL SERVICE POSI-
TIOX8... '" .......... ......... ...... 41
FREE TRANSPORTA1ION OF DEPENDANTS
FROM OVEHSEA8..................... 42
SUMMARY.. .. .. .. 43

PART III.-RECONSTRCCTION
\'IONG TIll'; GENERAL
}>OPt:LATION ...................... 43-64
THI: CONSERVATION 01' Ln.II:............ 44
ESTABLIRHMENT OF THE DmllNION DE-
PARTME
T OF HEALTH......... . . . . . . 45
RECE:>JT PROVINCIAL PUBLIC HEALTH
LEUISLA TION. . . . . . . . .. ............. 46
PROGRESS IN ED{;CATIO
................ 49
DO'\U'Ii'IO:>J ASSISTANCE TO VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION.. -..... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
RECE!'òT PROVI1IoClAL LEGISLATION ON
EDUCATION........ . . . . . _ . . . _ . _ . . . . . _ 50
F.STABLLt:;HME:>JT OF GOVERNME:>JT EM-
PLOYMEKT OFFICES................... 51
I '\fPOHTANCE OF :5CIEXTIFlC RESEARCH.... 52
HOXORARY ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR
ScIE'l/TIFIC AND 1110 DUSTRIAL RE-
SEARCH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
THE IXCRIi:o\SE OF OFFICIAL STATISTICS... 57

EED OF A CE
TRAL
TATISTICAL OFFICE.. 58
ESTABL1SH\fEST OF D01\IINIO.... BUREAU
OF STATISTICS.......... ............. 58
ACTIVITIES 01' THII: DOMINION BUREAU
01' STATISTiCS........... 59

I
TRODUCTORY.
The terln "reconEtruction" adn1its of various interpretations,
but gen{\rally it may bE explained to mean in this article the getting
back to nonnal economic' and social conditions after the stupendous
and long-continued strain and stress of ,yar-the healing of the
,,"ounds, the elimination of the abnornlalities of the ,var period fronl
our social and industrial life. 'Yhile it cannot be claimed that "re-
construction" in this wide senEe of the ".ord is by any means complete,
it ha
progres
ed sufficiently far to justify a survey being made of
,,"hat has been accomplished.
To realize the greatness of the problem of reconstruction, the
cOlllpleteness of the disturbance in pre-existing peace-time conditions
must first be understood. The Great 'Var ,vas a life-and-death
struggle of nations, not merely a conflict of armieE. 'Yhile the South
A.frican 'Yar could come and go without perceptibly changing the
life of the average Canadian citizen, the Great 'Var, in its stupendous
184
7-Rl

2

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

demand for food commodities, for munitions, for labour and for lives,
profoundly affected the lives of the great majority of adolescent
and adult Canadians. BecaUEe of the great demand for labour
and the high cost of living, children from 13 to 16 years of age were
,vithdrawn from school before the normal time, and adoleEcents of
17 and 18 enliEted in great numbers. The universitieE and the upper
forms of secondary schools were drained of their male students, while
the demand for labour in munition factories, in financial institutions
and in induEtry generally absorbed great numbers of young women,
many of whom would hardly, under ordinary circumstances, have
engaged in gainful occupationEe Again, in innumerable cases,
one man did double work at home while another in the same businesE
or on the same farm went to the front. The older men who had
reached the age of retirement remained to conduct a business or came
back to it to relieve the younger men for active service. This ,vas
particularly true of the retired farmers, who contributed materially
to,vards nlaking possible the great increase which took place in
food production. Thus young perSOl1S, women and elderly nlen
entered or re-entered the field of production to fill the places of the
half million able-bodied nlen who crossed the seas on active service.
This situation continued for years. One of the most serious problems
of reconstruction has been the readjustment of this unprecedented
and long-continued displacenlent of the labour force of the country.
This article on "Reconstruction in Canada" must, therefore,
deal first of all ,vith the fundamental changes brought about by
the ,varin the life of the Canadian people and in the domestic
activities of the Government, laying special stress on ,var finance
and on the increase of Government functions \vhich ,yas the
inevitable result of the ,val'. The second part of the article describes
the various lneasures adopted for the re-establishn1ent in civil life
of the returned soldiers and their families, involving an enonnous
but cheerfully borne expenditure, the exact amount of ,vhich is not
yet accurately determined. The last part of the article is concerned
,vith reconstruction among the general population of the country
and the girding up of our loins to meet the difficulties of the existing
situation, difficulties, ho\vever, insignificant compared with those
encountered and overcome by the hardy pioneers of French and
British stock ,vho first settled this country and \vith strong arms and
primitive tools carved out a ne,v nation in the northern wilderness.

PART I.-WAR-TIME ACTIVITIES OF GOVERNMENT
AND PEOPLE.

Abnormal economic conditions in Canada commenced with the
out-break of war in August, 1914. Prior to that time the country
had been passin!! through a normal reaction from the great period
of prosperity which had reached its culmination about the end of
1912. The first economic eft' ect of the war was to intensify that
reaction. The Montreal and Toronto stock exchanges were closed
for nearly three months from July 28, 1914, and were then opened

11 .lll J'I \fl-: ArTIflITIES

3

. nly for lilllitpd tr:l(lin
. Bank ('If'arings (lpclillpd and con
uln{'rs
rpfu:-\('d to pUf('ha
e J!ood
which they did not ilnlnediatf'ly rf'quirf'.

\:-\ a ('OIl
(\qlH\nrp, factorip
rlosf'd tllf'ir door:-\ and
{'riouH l1l1(,lHploy-
IHent f'nsupd. In :-;pit(' of t h(' ('lllistInpnt of largf' nUlllher
of Inen
in thL fir:-\t and :-\t'('ond eontingpnt:-::, thousands of unenlploy('d relnained
to walk the btrpetf-, of Canadian {'itih; during thf' 'wintpr of HH4-19]5.
Htati
tic
rOTIlpil('ò bY' the Ontario ('olnllli:-\sion on lTnl'lllploynlf'nt
at thi
tilll(' f'howed that ();') 1 Ontario faetorip
, ,,'hich had elnployp(l
on tlu' aypraJ!p
O,020 ".orkf'rs in thp first half of 1913, cmploy('d
only üU,,}2.t on tht 1 aVl'rnge in th(' lattpr half of 1014, indi('atinf!; an
avpraJ!l' \lIH'lllploynH'nt in th(' Inanufaeturing illdu
tri(,::5 of Ontario-
th(' ehipf Inanufaeturing province- of ahout 25 per cent. rrhrough-
out th(' ".int.Ar thi
di:-.tre:-\:-;ing :-:ituation '''a:-\ a
gr:lvatf'd hy the :sea-
f:onal uIH'nlploynlf'Jlt in thp eountry'
ha:-\i(' indu:-\try- agrieulture.
l'his "".inu'r of our di:-\collt('nf' was, ho\YeYl'r, to he follo,vpd
hy h('ttpr tillll'
. "To ll13ny of our indu
tri(::..;, notahly' to agriculture",

ir Thonla
'Yhitp had :-\aid on ...\ugu:-\t 20, 1 B14, "thprp
hould be
pronoulH.pd :-\tinnllation and quiekpllin
of aetivity". 1'hi:5 stimula-
tion and quickpninf!; ".ere no". to takp plaf'e.
'Y ar, as the ".holp cour
e of history goe
to })fove, ha
always
ilnplipd high pri("(':.;, nlor{' f'
p('{'ial1y for foo(l conunoditips. 'Var
hoth ".ithdraw:-\ Bleil frolH the cultivation of t h(' :-:oil, therehy dinlin-
bhing food supply, and abo hring:::, ahout the "'a
ta
e of the food

uppli('
that alrf'[Hly pXl:-\t. The sl"arrity of foodlpad
to high prices,
:-:tilllulating food produetion Hu(1 inf'idf'lltal1y hringing gr<\at g-ains
to th{' individuals HPd nation
,,-hich, like Canada and Canadians,
are chipfty ('nlploypd in agriculturp. Thus the
\merican Civil
"
ar had 1)('('11 an pra of pro:-\perity for thp farnH'fs of Canada, the
neur<':-\t neutral country, [) nd thp agriculturists of the pr('
ent wpre
no,v to have a sin1Ïlar opportunity of profit.
-\.1together apart from
:-\u('h
plfi:,h eon
i(lf'ration:-\, the :\fothf'r Country Hnò her nf\ighhouring
Euro}>pan alli('
"erc in urgent r ppd of thp food product
\vhich
Canada, the chief granary of the Enlpire as ".ell as the nearest oyersea
DOlllinion, could Inost reHdily and convenif'nt1y supply.

}.'OO)) PUO))I"<..;TIOX .\XU CO
SEU\"ATIO
.
The pro
pect
at the opening of the spring of 1915 \vere favour-
ablp. ...\n unu:-\ual nnlount of fall ploughing had been done in the
'Ye:-:t, ,dlilp a n1ild ,yintf\r and :-\pring had favourf'd the fall ,,,heat
crop of thp Ea
tf'rn province
.
ror('over, the Dominion Govf'rn-
ment, realizing the urgency of the
ituation, undertook a "Patriotism
and Production" ealnpaign, publi
hing an Agricultural 'Var Book,
printing and distributing nUlllerous bullf'tins, and advertif'ing exten-
Eively in the public press, reaching, it \VaE estimated, about 3,000,000
readers. Agricultural production ,vas al:-.o stimulated by legislation.
The Bank Act ,yas alnended by providing that "the hank may lend
nloney to the o,,"uer, tenant or occupier of Iar.d for the purcha
e of
seed p.-rain", (5 Ceo. 'T., chap. 1). Po,ver ,vas also given to the Gover-
nor General in Council to huy, sell and distribute seed grain, fodder
18427-1}

4

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

for animals and other goods required, to the farmers of Alberta
and Saskatchewan. The result of all these measures was that the
area placed under field crops in Canada reached in 1915, in spite of
the depletion of the agricultural labour force by enlistment, 39,140,460
acres, as compared with a previous maximum of 35,575,550 acres
in 1912. The increase in acreage was, however, small as compared
with the increase in production. As a result of remarkably favour-
ab!e 'wpather during the growing period, the average yields per acre
of the principal cereals in Canada were higher than in any previous
year on record, the average yield of wheat reaching 26.05 bushels
per acre as compared with a previous record figure in 1913 of 21.04
bushels. The total wheat crop of the year amounted to 393,542,600
bushels, while the oat crop ,vas 464,954,400 bushels. One important
re
ult of this enormous yield was that the advent of high ,var prices
in Canada was delayed by at least a year. The Department of
Labour's avera
e index number of wholesale prices for the year
1915 was only 148.0 as against 136.1 for 1914 and 135.5 for 1913-
a very moderate increase under the extraordinary circumstances
of the time. The average cost per week of a family budget of staple
foods was $7.866 in 1915 as compared with $7.731 in 1914, a small
increase which was more than offset for most urban consumers
of the labouring class by the drop in average rents from $4.75 per
week in 1914 to $4.122 in 1915. The total weekly cost of foods,
fuel and lighting and rent, came to $13.844 on the average in 1915
a
against $14.308 in 1914-an actual decline of 46 cents, or morc
than 3 per cent. IVlean\vhile the manufacturing industries of the
country were stimulated to renewed activity by munition contracts
which ag
regated about $300,000,000 by November, 1915, and the
surplus of unemployed was absorbed either by enlistment or by the
rising munitions industry.
The educational "Production and Thrift" campaign ,vas again
actively carried on by the Dominion Government throughout the
winter of 1915-16, by means both of the issue of publications and by
advertising. In spite of the steadily decreasing labour supply, due
to enlistment and to the gro,ving absorption of labour in the muni-
tions industry, the area placed under field crops, 38,930,333 acres,
,vas almost equal to that of 1915. The results, unfortunately, were
no means so satisfactory. The ,vest ern ,yheat crop, in particular,
was badly dama
ed by rust and hot winds, and in Quebec and Ontario
serious danlage was cnused by Aup-ust droughts. The net result
was that the ,vheat crop harvested was only t,vo-thirds a
large as
in the previous year, thoup h the acreage sown to wheat had some-
what increased. From 15,369,709 acres, the crop was 262,781,000
bushels, or 17 bushels to the acre as against 26.05 in 1915. The
crops of the United States ,vere affected by the same un favourable
weather as those of Canada, and the Russian export surplus being
no longer available on account of the closing of the Black Sea ports,
world prices for 'wheat and other food commodities began to soar
rapidly, carrying all other prices in their train. The Canadian index
number for 1916 was 182 on the average, increasing from 172.1

FOOD P/{()[)UCTIO
V .LVD CO.YSERV
lTION

5

in January to 207.4 in December. 8in1ilarly, the Department of
Labour's ,vcekly fan1Ïly budget of staple foods, fuel and lighting and
rent
ho\v
d an incr('at:C' froITl "14.143 in January to ;$16.328 in
Decelnbcr, the average for the year 1916 being ::'14.78 as against
"'-13 .
.ll in 1!H5.
Throughout the \vinter of 191ö-17 thC' HProduction and Thrift"
canlpaign ,vas oncp nlore ('arried on, and in the prevailing f'carcity of
labour it appeared llece
sary to resort to extensive rather than
intensive agriculture. l\[orc particularly in the Prairie Provinces,
larv;e areas of ne,\" lund ,vere ploughed up for the gro\vth of \vheat
and other vital crops, the total area so\\ n to farm crops reaching the
unprecedented figure of 42,602,288 acres-in spite of the back\vardness
of the
pring and th
l"on
l'qul'nt shortness of the seeding season.
l\S a con
equence of frü"ts at the end of
Iay and droughts in the
sumnler, the ".estern p;rain yields "'ere belo,v the average, ,vhile the
crQP
in Quebec and the l\[aritime Provinces ".ere injured in Reptem-
ber -by parly fro
t
. rrhough Ontario experienced one of the best
sea"ons on record, the gC'neral results ,vere unsatisfactory, the wheat
production reaching a total of 232,742,
50 bUf'hcls. This led to
a ri
c in food price
as ,veIl as to re
trictions on the use of wheat
and ,vh
at flour, a Food Controller heing appointed on June 21,
1917, ,vith po,,'er to inquire into the
upply
lnd price of food commod-
ities, and, f'U bject to t he approval of the Governor in Council, to
nlake regulations gov<,rning the prices and providing for the consprva-
tion of food comnloditic
. The averagp index nunlber for the year
reach{'d thp unprecedentt'<l figure of 2:37, ranging fronl 212.7 in January
to 2.j7.1 in Decelllber, 'vhile the ,,'eekly fan1Ïly budget increased
frotn "16.-16 to $19.38 ùuring the same period, averaging
18 .15
for the year.
...\t th(1 clO:'0 of 1917 the calnpaign for increased food production
,vas at its height. As a re,-,ult of the subnlarine campaign, great
stocks of food urgently needed by the United I\:ingdom ,vere destroyed
in tran
it and had to he replaced frolH Korth America, as the Ecarcity
of shipping 111ade it ilnpossible to Rpare the ships for brinJ!ing ..A.rgentin-
ian and Au
tralian ,,
heat to Europe. The urgency of the situation
induced the DOlllinion Government to paES on February 8, 1918,
an Oròer in Council authorizing for one year the free importation
of tractors costing not nlore than :'1,400 in the country of production
-3, de('i
ion ,yhich "Tas partly respon
ible for the great increase to
51,-127,100 acres in the area. of farm crops, though a part of this
reported increaEe may have been due to iInproved statistics. The
area returned as sn,vn to 'wheat in 1918 ".as the largest on record,
17,353,002 af'rES.
In the ,vest, ho,yever, the \veather ,vas again unfavourable. May
,yas cold, ,,'hile June and July ,vere characterized by drought and high
,yinds and fro
ts occurred to"Tards the end of July. Though Ontario
again had an excellent EeaEon, the result of the harvest was unfavour-
able, the yield of ,vheat being 189,075,350 bUEhels, or only 11 bushels to
the acre. Xaturally prices again advanced, the average index numb
r
of ,yhole
ale prices for the year being 278.3, rising from 258.7 In

.

6

RECOJ.VSTReCTIOLY I;.V CA;.VADA

January to 290.9 in Kovelnber, the lnonth of the Annistice; DecelIìber
sho,ved a
light decline to 288.8. The weekly family budget for food,
fuel and lighting and rent rpached an average of
20 .63 for the year,
rising fronl $19.61 in January to
21.51 in December. Food cost
in Decelnber, 1918, \vas 813.53 as cOlllpared ,vith an averagp food
cost of $7.337 in 1913. Though food costs again incrpased during
1919 and the early part of 1920., the starving-out proceSE ,vhich ,vas
a part of the Gernlan campaign had been finally defeated.
To sum up, the result of the four years' campaign for increased
food production ,vas the eÀtenRion of the officially estimated area
of farm crops froln 33,427,190 acreE in 1914 to 51,427,190 acres in
1918, an increase of 53.8 p.c. \Yhilp iInprovelnents lnade during
the period in thp f'ollection of agricultural statistics are no doubt partly
responsible for this sho,ving, the actual increase attributable to the
efforts of the Canadian fa.rn1er \vith his depleted lahour force, of the
to\vn and city nlf'n ,vho gave up their holidays to engage in exhausting
physical labour, and of the 11,952 young "Soldiers of the
oil"
who left
chool for thp farm during the crop season of 1918, was a
relnarkable achievelnent.

TilE
IUXITIO"SS INDUSTRY I
CA
ADA.
Iron and
teel are the principal ingredients in the munitions
required in modern warfare. Before the 'war G-erlnany had, by
bounties on production and export, so stimulated her iron and steel
industry that she had far surpassed the United I(ingdoln in this
fipld, producing 19 million tons of pig iron in 1913 as against Britain's
to! million. Imlnediately on the outbreak of \var, German armies
occupied the chief iron and >3teel producing regions of France and
Belgiunl, thus increasing their available resources and diminishing
those of the allies. It ,vas absolutely necessary, therefore, that
Great Britain should call a ne\v \vorId into existence to redress the
balance of the old, and enlist the assistance of the rising Canadian.
iron and s.teel industry in the struggle. As a result of overtures
from the Ilnperial \Yar Office, the l\Iinister of l\Iilitia appointed
a Shell Committee in Septen1ber, 1914, to undertake the task of
organizing the supply of shrapnel to the British Governlncnt. The
first shipInents ,vere made in December, 1914, and by l\Iay 3L 1915,
about 400 establbhlnents \vere engaged in the nlnnufacture of shells.
In November, 1915, the work of the Shell COllunittee ,vas tran
ferred
to the Imperiall\1unitions Board, \vhich ,vas directly respon
ible to the
Imperiall\Iinbtry of l\Iunitions. The Chairn1an of this Board pos-
Be
spd full adn1Ïnistrative and executive authority over the various
departlIlents, each of ,vhich ,vas in charge of an expprt.
\.lnong
the departments ,vere the Purchasing and Ste('l Departn1(,Ilts, the
Shipbuilding Department, the .J.\. viation Department, the Fuse
DepartInent, the Engineering and thp Inspection Deparhnents.
Industries ne,v to Canad3 \vere established under the direction of
the Board; it
shipbuilding contracts anlounted to some :;70,000,000;
more than 2,500 aeroplanes \vere produced in its factories, SOlne of

rIlE 1IU^
I1'IU.vS I.YD("
1'IlY I.V CAl\r..l/J..l

7

tlU'll1 for the t-nit<'d
tat('s
aYy; the' Board ,vas also tht. <l{!,t'nt
of the lTnitcd
tatp;-; OrdnaIH'p DppartIuent in arrnnging: l"ontructs
for lllU Hition
aud :::uPJ>lic
. I ts al'tivitil'
Illn}'" be
ulllni('d up in
the words of the j{pport of the lInlH'rinl '\:1r Cabinet for 1 U17 fiR
folIo\\
:-
"Callada's l"ontribution durillf!' tlw la::5t ypar ha'S heen v('ry
trikinp;.
Fiftpl'Jl }>pr ('('ut of tlH' total PXPPIHlitur(1 uf the 1\1 ini
trY of 1\1 unitions
in the la
t
ix IllOlltJIS of th{' Yt:ar wa:-\ incurred ill
that ('ountry.

he ha:--. Inanufactured nearly pyery type of thell froBl the l
-pounder
to t IH' n. 2-inch. 1 n t IH' ca
e of th' IH-J>ounder, no Ip:--;s than [)[) per
eeut of th ' output of
hrapn('l Rhell:-- in thp la
t
ix Blonth
('anH
fronl
Canada. <lnd 1l1()
t of t hp:-:e \\ prp COJ)} plptt' round::: of :unlnunition
,,'hic.h wpnt dif{'rt to Frauf'P. (1alIada al:-:o contrihuted 42 !1<,r cpnt
of tlH' total 1.5-iueh ....hells, 27 ppr ('('nt of tht' ()-ineh :-\Jlf'll
, 20 per
ceDt of the' HU-poull(h'r II.E.
h('lIs, }.') })(,f ("Put of the h-inch and IG
pcr ("l
nt of t h{' 9. 2-ineh."
'1'h(' follo".ing fi
url'::; will p;iye
onl(' idpa of what Canada ace om-
pli:-\hcd in thc productioll of nlunition
of ,var:-

'ALT E OF
I rXITIOX
Axn ì\IATEIU \.Lö E-x.TOUTED :FHO:\I C..\
ADA.

Calendar Y l'ar.
1
) 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1015.._ ... ..._
HH tL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1017.. ......... ......... ".
1915... __.._...

28,1 ü4
57,21a,ß

2nf),.
O.5,257
3Sg,213,5;,)3
2ßÜ, 711,751

Thp effectt= of the {'stahli
llIllent of the nlunitionE in du:::try in
Canada in if1 crea:::ing iron and steP! production is also ob1'ervable
in the .,tatistic
of nUlnufacturl's. In 1910") the iron and Hted products
indu
try of Cal1:lda produc('d eOIHnloditip;-; to the valup of
120,-
422,-1-20, \\-hile in l
n7 its product;-; ".erp valued at ::;400,385,086
and in lUl
at "-1-143,45.\779. Thp chelnical aud ltllipd products
industry 'V:l
abu greatly stinnllatf'd by tlH
".ar. Connllodities
to a J!ro:-\
value of
4Ö,-t-l0,-lb6 'H'rp produeed by this industry in
1915, ,,-hile ill 1917 the gro
s valup incrcHRPd to 8133,618,658, and
in If}18 the grù:--
product
'v(\n
valued at
173.()49,073.
To thp
hiphuildill!! Departnlent of the IInperiaI )[unition::;
Ro:nd ,,-as due in large nl('a
ure the grpat increa
e in Canadian
:-\hipuuilding ".hich ".ent far to defeat the nlost seriouE menace to
the ::;ecurity of the Enlpire during the war-the unrestrictEd sub-
nlarinf' canlpaign. l)uring the calendar Yf'ar 191R t her(' were lau

hed
the follo".ing Y(,s::5cIE built to the order of the Inlperial 1IUlllÍIons
Board:
teel, 23 've

el
,,-jth an approximate deachveight carrying
capacity of 114,8ü3 ton
; ".ood, 45 ve
:-\el
, with an approxiinate
deadwei
ht carrying capacity of 13h,600 tons.
teel ve

els to the
nurn ber of 11, ".ith an 3 pproxinlate carrying capacity of 48,000 tons,
built to the ordpr of the Departn1ent of
Iarine, as well as 11
teel
ve:-:
el
\\'ith a carrying capacity of 45,304 tons and 13 ,,"ooden vessels

8

RECONSTRUCTION IN CA1VADA

,vith a carrying capacity of 20,600 tons built under private contract,
were launched in Canada during the Eame year. The total launched
from Canadian shipyardE during the year waE thus 45 steel and 58
,yooden vessels, with a carrying capacity of 208,167 and 159,200
tons respectively, a grand total of 103 vessels with a total tonnage of
367,367 tons.

WAR FIXANCE.

Added to the problems of feeding and providing munitions of war
for fighting forces there is to be considered in modern warfare the great
problem of ,var finance-the question of hov{ this food and these
supplies are to be paid for. If, 2gain, the members of these grfat
modern fighting forces are to be paid for their services, the money
for mee1ing these payments has alEo to be raised.
War may be financed either by taxation or by borrowing, but
only small wars have Ever been financed entirely by the former method.
Germany undertook to finance the Great War entirely by the latter
method, on the ground that the war itself was imposing Euch heavy
burdens upon her people that they ought not alEo to have to bear
an added burden of taxation, and in the hope that, as in 1870, victory
would enable her to transfer the co
t of the war to her vanquished
enemi
E. The United Kingdom and the United States, on the other
hand. resolved to finance the war as far as posEible by taxation.
l\lodern ,varfare, ho'wever, turned out to be so enormously expensive
that even these two wealthieEt nations of the world found themselves
driven to borrow the great bulk of their war expenditure.
Canada, like the United Kingdom and the United States,
increased taxation at the earliest opportunity after entering the war,
but nevertheless found herself compelled to raise the buJk of her war
expenditure by borro-wing. This larger factor in providing money
for the .war may be first considered.

WAR LOANS.
Up to the time of en terin g the .war, Ca nada had depended almoEt
e
tirely upon Great Britain for loans to the DOlninion and Provincial
Governlnents. On l\,{arch 31, 1914, the principal of the Dominion
funded debt payable in London ,vas $302,842,485, ,vhile the principal
of the funded debt payable in Canada was only $717,453. l\loney
could be obtained more cheaply in London than in Canada, and good
busineEs policy, it ,vas conEidered, required that the strong.est Cana-
dian borro-wers, the Dominion and Provincial Governments, should
borro-w outside the country, leaving the available savings of the
Canadian people to be borro,ved by busineEs enterprises which were
not of sufficient reputation to be able to borrow in the international
money markets of London and N ew York. As a consequence, the
ability of the Canadian people to finance a great national loan had
never been brought to a test. That test, since the resources of the
London market ,vere being strained to the utmost to meet the needs of
the Imperial Government, had necessarily now to be applied. The

n-.tlR LOALYS

9

Dominion GovernlnC'nt was, indeed, able to secure an advance of
.t:12,OOO,OOO frolll the IIIlperinl GOYCrnlnent for the period September,
191-1, to
Iarch, 1915, on the understanding that a Canadian \var loan
\vould be Hoated in Great Britain to repay this amount. It became
evidC'nt, ho\\ever, thnt CanadH her
elf Illust in the main finance her
effort -.% in the ,var.
The fir
t DonlÌnion dOIllestic ".ar loan "'as raised in November,
1915, under authority of chapter 23 of the Statutes of that year
(.=) Geo. ,r, c. 23). I t originally ('oJlsi
ted of f-;50,OOO,000 5 p.c. tax-
exenIpt 10 year J;old bond
, i
Eued at 97! and Illaturing Dccen1ber
1, 1925. ...\
the i
:-ue ,,'as heavily over-:;ubscribed (public subscrip-
tions by 24,802:-\\1 bseribt:r::-; "':78,729,500, hank su b
criptions 825,000,000)
and the c:\.tra lllolley ,vaE needed, the GoverIlInent increased the
amount of the loan to
100,OOO,000. In July, 1915, 825,000,000
of 1 y<-ar and '20 000,000 of 2 year 5 p.c. notes had been floated
in the Unitpd ;-\tate
, ,vith the object of
tabilizing exchange and of
re lieving the prc
sure on London.
In
cptenlber, 1
n ß, the second Canadian domestic ".ar loan of
c;;,100,OOO,OOO !) p.e. taXl'xC'lllpt 15 year gold bonds 'was issued and again
ovpr-sub,cribC'd (public suhscriptions by 34,526 suhseribers $151,-
444,bUO, bank subscriptions :::'50,000,000). In l\farch of that year,
a loan of
75,OOO)OOO in 5, 10 and 15 year 5 p.c. bonds had been floated
in X C',v York.
The third [1anadian Domestic ,,-ar loan, conlposcd of 8150,-
OUO,OOO 5 }J.C. tax exelnpt 20 year gold bonds issued at 96, \vas issued
in
Iarch, 1917, and ".a
again over-subscribed, 40,800 public sub-
scribers applying' for
200,7G8,OOO, ".hile the banks subscribed

60,OOO,OOO. In .\ugust, 1917, "'lOO,OOO,QOO of 5 p.c. 2 year notes
,,-erC' i:-\sued in XC\\" ì
ork at Db.
llithprto the procp

of raising n10ney had been comparatively
ea
y. The buoyancy of Canadian finance "'as illustrated by the
increasing subscriptions to each successiye loan, ,,,hile the Govern-
n1C'nt could, when needed, obtain additional fund
in Ke\v York.
In April, 1917, ho,yever, the United
tates entered the ,,
ar. Its
gigantic preparations drained enormous sums of llloney from the
X C\\" York 1110lley lllarket, and rIlade it difficult for other countries
to rai,e money there. IIenceforth Canada had in the main to depend
on her o\vn peoplp to supply the funds necessary for keeping her
rapirllyincreasing force::) in the field. SuLsequent. appeals for ,yar loan
subscriptions had to be nlade to the nlas
('s of the people rather tha:ì.1
to the c0I11parath.ely fe,v ,,-ealthy or comfortably-off investors.
The fourth domestic ,yar loan (First '
ictory Loan) issued in
Kovelnher, 1917, illustrate::; the foregoing relnarks. For the fir8t
tinle subseriptions as lo\v as
50 \vere received toward an is
u.e of
8150,000,000 5! p.c. 5, 10 and 20 year gold bonds, the l\11nlster
of FinHnce re
erving the right to allot the \vhole or any part o
the
anlount subscribed in exce
s of
150,000,OOO. The subscrIbers
nUlnbered
20,035 and the subscriptions totalled t"398,OOO,OOO, or
about
50 per head of the population of Canada.

10

RECONSTRUCTION IN CA..VAD...4.

The fifth dOlnestic war loan (Becond Victory Loan) of 5300,000,000
5! p.c. 5 and 15 year tax exempt gold bonds was issued at 100 and
interest as of date Kovelnber 1, 1918, and the end of the ,var, then
clearly in
ight, stiInulated public subscriptions. The applications
nunlbered 1,067,879 and totalled $660,000,000.
The sixth domestic ,var loan (Third 'Victory Loan) ,vas raised
at 100 and interest in Novelnber, 1919. It consisted of $300,000,000
taxable .=) year and 15 year 5! p.c. gold bonds. The subscriptions
funounted to 9\678,000,000.
The general result of these loans has been that in 1921, the great
bulk of the Canadian national debt is o,ving to the Canadian people.
At the end of the fiscal year 1920-21, the DOlninion funded debt
payable in London ,vas officially stated as
336,001,470, in New
York,
135,87 4,000, ,vhile the funded debt payable in Canada
an10unted to no less than $2,082,7 56,37ß. The largest creditors of
the Dou1Ïnion Governn1ent arf' ,vithin the DOlninion it
elf, and as
a consequence the interest payn1ents lnade on Kational Debt account
outsiùf' the country are a relatively sn1all item.

WAR T..\XATION IN' f'ANADA.

It is a general lnaxim of public finance that ,vhere a debt is
contracted sufficient ne,v taxation should be imposed to meet the
interest charge upon this debt and to provide a sinking fund for its
ultimate extinction.
'Var taxation began in Canada almost simultaneously ,vith t.he
outbreak of the ,yare In the short ,var spssion of August, 1914,
the Customs Tariff Alnendment Act, (chap. 5) and an A('t to alnend
the Inland Revenue Act; (chap. 6), provided for increasef' in the
custolns and f'xcise duties on various cOlnlnodities, incluùing coffee,
sugar, spirituouR liquors and tobacco. In the 1915 session the
Customs Tariff 'Var Revenue Act, 1915, impoRed duties or additional
duties of 5 p.('. ad valorem under the British Preferential Tariff,
and of 7! p.c. ad valorf'm under the Intennediate and General Tariffs
on all goods in Schedule A of the Customs Tariff, "yhether liable to
or free of duty, subject to exemptions of 'which the chief ,vere, fish
caught by Canadian and K e,vfoundland fishermen, goods u
ed in the
lnanufacture of agricultural machinery and of binder t,vine, certain
good:5 used for medical and surgical purposps, anthracite coal, steel
for the rnanufacture of rifles, silk, chelnical fertilizers, cotton seed
cake and cotton seed cake lneal. By the Special 'Var Revenue Act
(chap. 8), ne,v taxes 'Vf're iInpo
ed as follo,vs: on every Rank, ì of
1 per ('ent on thf' average aUlount of its notes in circulation during
each three nlonths period; on every trust and loan company, 1 p.c.
on its Canadian income; on every insurance company other t.han life
and nUlrine insuraIH'f' conlpani(1s, 1 p.c. of its net pren1iunls received
in Canada; 1 cent on every cablegraul or telegraln for ,vhich a charge
of 15 centR or nlore is made; 5 cents on the first :jI;5 and 5 cents on f'very
additional
5 on railway and stf'alnboat tickets to places in North
America and the British 'Vest Indies, and on tickets to places outside

H AU rA...\
\1'/().Y /y C
lX.l/).l

11

of thp:,('
l if the pri('p t'x('(\pd:-\ :--10,
:
if it px("('('ds :-:..to, and
;) if it
t\"('l\pd

Û
"); 10 ('pn t
on ('ycry
lp(\pill
('ar hprth and ;) ('(\nts on
(\\"('r

}>:lrlour <,ar
t'a t; all the' forl'g()in
tnx('::; to he rolll'ct
d by the
('olllpallips ('OIH'(\rllpd and trall:-\IHitt('d to thp GO\ l'rnll1ent. The
:-;anl(' _\('t illlpO
'd the follo\\ ing :-\hUHp duti<'
: 2 ('pnts on ('v('ry hank
("}wql)(\ and on cyery C'XPf(':--:' and post offi("p 1l101H'Y order and
1 (,l'ut
on ('\"ery po:-\tal Ilot(\, :2 ('PHts on t'ver) hill of lading, 1 c('nt extra on
ey('ry It'Upr and I)(J:-\t eard, 1 ('(,Ilt for pY('r
. 2;') ('('nts of the retail
pril"l\ of pro}1rif'tary Incdi('Ìn('
and perfuIllery, :) ('('ntt' for a pint or
l('
s and .) ('('rts for p, ('J"Y quart of non-
parkling wÌn(', and ] 3 ('('lltS
for
pint or lps:-\ and
.) (,Pllt:, for ('ypry pint of
parlding ".int'.
By HHn it wa

Pt'n that :-\till furthf'r taxation \,"a:-: r('quir
d to
Inaintain the filUlIH'l'S of thl' DOluillion in a s:tti:-;f:t<,t01T ('olldition.
. \s :l }"(\:-\ult t}w Businp::;::; I'rofi is 'Yar 1'ax _ \ct of t hat y('a
(chap. II),
wa
pa:-\:-'t'd, illlp():-\in
:t tax of 2.") p.c. of thp :lIHOunt by ,vhich the
profit:-\ C'arllPd in hu:-:inl'

OWIH'd hy an ill('orporatpd eOIHpany l'x{"t'
dt.'d
7 p.(.. Iwr annUIIl, or, in a hu
in(':-\:-; OWIH'<I by any other per:-\on or
a:-;:-\()('ia t ion, ('X('('p<1('d 10 p.e. 1)('( ann UBI 1I pOll t h(' (':1 pital cl11ploypd
in th(' bu
inp:-\
. Businp:-\:-\l's ('Ill ployir g 1(':-\:-; tluln $50,000 rn pital,
lifp :l:-;suranc(' cOlnpanil'
, Inl:-\in(':o\
('

Il
agl'd in fanning and live' stork
rai:-\inp.., and hu:-\iIH':'
(':-; of \vhi('h 90 p.('. or Blore of thp capital ,yas
owned hy a prOYÏIH'(' or a nlunieipality W('f(\ eÀpn}}1t
d, th('s(-' excmp-
tion:-, Bot to apply to hu
iIH':-\:-\('
PHgaged tf) the t'xt<'ut of20 p.c. or over
in Hlanuf:u,turing or d('alin
in Inunitionf' or war lnatl'riab or
uppli
s.
In the' 1 017
(':-\:-\ion the nU
il}(\:--:' Profit:-\ ,rar 'fax ".as anH'IHl<'d
(('hap. û) to }H'oYidp for a tax of 50 p.('. 011 profit:, in ('XCCS::5 of 15 p.c.
pcr anlHllll. hut not <.''Xceeding
O }>.('. per allnUIll, and a t:lX of 75 p.c.
Oil profit:, in pX{'(':-\:-\ of
o p.r. })('r anuunl. In the salnl'
p

ion the
IIH'OIU
\r'ar l'ax \('t (('hap. 25) illlpO
l.tl a tax of 4 p.c. on ilH'OIHCS
(''X{'epding "'
,OOO in tht' ea:-\(' of unlllarri
d 111<'n and wido,vs and
,,'idowpr'" ,vithout children, and on iIH'OHH'S ex('ppding
:3,OOO in the
ea:-\(' of othpr ppr:-\Oll:'. A :-\upcr-tax ".a
abo ÌIllpose(l, progrp
:-;ing
fronl 2 p.c. on the :l1llount hy whÌeh an incorne cxcc
dpd ;Sö,OOO
but did not e"c('p<!
l 0,000, up to 2,
p.e. on the alDoullt by .whirh
an iIH'OIlH' (,'\:("('('(h'd ::' 100,000.
In thp :-\(':-,sion of IHlh th(' Busin(\ss ',","ar Profit:-\ 'fax Act \vaS
anlelHlc(1 by chaptcr 10, pxtpnding the op
ration of the Act to 1>u
ilH's:-\eS
h:lying a capitalization of froln
2;),OOO to
.)O,OOO. The Inconle
"#ar 'fax ..\l't. as :ul1PIHled hy chapter 2;), lowcre(l the lin1Ït of eXClnp-
tion to
1,OO() for un1l1arl"Ìpd persons and childle:-\
,yido'v
and
,,'ido,,'er
and to :--':!,OOO for otlwr pl'rson
, the fonner paying 2 p.c.
on inCOnH\ b
t,v("l'n $1,000 and
1,;)OO, th
latter 2 p.c. on inCOnlf'S
1>(\twe('n :;2,000 and
:3,OOO. rrhe norrnal tax rpllulÌned at 4 p.c.,
bu t thp su pf'rtax ,ya
inereu:-\ed on incolues excee(ling :::;200,000,
hl'inJ,!; graduaÍ('d up to 50 p.c. on inCOloes exceeding 51,000,000.
A.
urtax wa:-\ also introdu('ed, ran
ing froBl an additional 5 p.c. of the
eonlbined nOrIllul t:lX anù super-tax on inconle
hetween
ß,OOO and
SI0,OOO to an additionaI3.=) p.c. of the normal and super-tax on incolues
{'"Xl"('cding
200,()OO, corporation
to pay
tax of ß p.c. on Íncolnes

12

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

exceeding $3,000, but no super-tax or surtax. By the Customs
Tariff Amendment Act (chap. 17), increased duties were imposed
on tea, coffee and tobacco, and by the Act to amend the Special
"\Var Revenue Act, 1915 (chap. 46), increased or new taxes were
imposed as follo\vs:-For each seat or berth in a parlour or sleeping
car 10 cents and 10 p.c. of the price of the seat or berth; one cent on
every hundred matches and 8 cents on every package of 54 or fewer
playing cards \vith customs duties of the same amount on these
articles when imported; 10 p.c. of the selling price on passenger
automobiles] gramophones, etc., and records therefor, mechanical
piano players and records therefor and jewellery.
In the 1919 session, the Business "\Var Profits Tax was renewed
(chap. 39) for the calendar year 1919: in the case of businesses having
a capital between $25,000 and $50,000, profits in excess of 10 p.c.
were now to be taxed 25 p.c., businesses having a capital of $50,000
or more to be taxed at the same rate as in previous years.
The Income "\Var Tax Act \vas amended by chapter 55, which
increased the general rate of taxation. All corporations paid 10
p.c. of their net income in excess of $2,000, as against 6 p.c. under
the former Act. In respect of individuals the normal rate of 4 p.c.
was to be levied on all incomes exceeding $1,000, but not exceeding
$6,000, in the case of unmarried persons and widows or widowers
\vithout dependent children, and upon all incomes exceeding $2,000
but not exceeding $6,000 in the case of all other persons, the respective
minÏlna of $1,000 and $2,000 being exempt from taxation. A
normal tax of 8 p.c. was levied on the excess of all incomes over $6,000.
The surtax was Ïlnposed on a progressive scale on all incomes of over
$6,000, applying first at the rate of 1 p.c. on the amount by which the
income exceeded $5,000 and did not exceed $6,000; then at the rate
of 2 p.c. on the amount by which the income exceeded $6,000 and did
not exceed $8,000; then at a rate increasing by 1 p.c. for each $2,000
increase of income up to $100,000, so that 48 p.c. \vas levied on the
amount by \vhich the income exceeded $98,000 and did not exceed
$100,000; then at 52 p.c. on the amount by which the income exceeded
$100,000 and did not exceed $150,000; 56 p.c. on the excess between

150,000 and
200,000; 60 p.c. on the excess bet\veen $200,000 and
$300,000; 63 p.c. on the excess between $300,000 and $500,000;
64 p.c. on the excess bet\veen
500,OOO and $1,000,000; 65 p.c. on
the excess income over $1,000,000.
Chapter 47 provided for the entire repeal of the extra duty of 5
p.c. ad valorem added to the British Preferential Tariff under the
Customs Tariff 'Var Revenue Act, 1915, and for the pnrtial repeal in
respect of the intermediate and general tariff rates of the excess
of 7! p.c. imposed under the same .Act; also for the free Îlnportation
into Canada of \vheat, ,vheat flour and potatoes from countries not
imposing a customs duty on such articles .when gro\vn or produced in
Canada. Five cents per lb. were deducted from the duty on coffee
roasted or ground under the preferential, intermediate and general
tariff schedules and 3 cents per lb. were deducted from the duty on

1VAR TAXA.TIOlV IN CANA.DA

13

Rritish grown te:JS under tbe pref{\rential tariff. Under the grneral
tariff the \.ct provided for a total reduction (including the 7! p.c.
".ar duty) from 27! p.c. to 15 p.c. on cultivat( rE, harrows, herse-
rakes, se{\d-drills, HlanUrf' f'pr('nders and weeders and complete
parts thereof; frolll 27! p.c. to 17! p.l'. on plough
and ccmplete parts
thereof, "pindn1ills and complete parts thf'reof, porta hIe enginf's and
traction engines for fann pnrpc ses, horse-powers and threshing
Inachine
f'parators and appliances therefcr. On hay-leaders, petato
diggers, fodder or feed cutters, g:rain crushers, fanning; mills, hay
tedders, farn1, rond or field roll('rs. pest-hole diggf'rs, and ether
fiJ.!:riculturnl ÌInpl(\nH.'nts, provision was llwde for a reducticn of duty
to 20 p.c. ,vith a silnilar reduction on farm wagC'ns. Respecting
cen1rnt, the ".ar custOD1S dut) ""as repl'alrd and the general tariff
rüte redut'{'d to .3 c{'nts pcr 100 Ib8. Specific instead of ad valorelll
rates of duty were f'nacteù for pig-lead, zinc spelter, and copper
ingots.
rhangl's madp in taxatioll at tht' 1 H20 scs::--ion cf thp Dcminion
Parlifilnent arc drseribf'd in Sc{.tion XIII under the beading "Dcmin-
ion Legislation, 1020."

\\.\R TI'UF. F.XI>>.\:\
JOX O}l' GOYF.RX'IK
'T FT1XCTIOXS.

I t ".a
a m:.\xim uf ancient history that "".ar bringeth forth the
I\:in
." \\ ar has intle('d in all ag{'s t('n({(\d to produce an in('rease in
the functions of J,!;ovcrnment, and this increase is necessarily accom-
panied by nn increase in g:ovrrnmental machinrry. Herein Canada
has b('('n no exception to thf' rule, and, as naturally happenpd in a
federation wherc the responsibility of carrying on the ,var ,vas upon
thp should(1rs of the ccntral govcrnmf'nt, the functions 2nd machinery
of that Government 'Yere considerably expand('d. It hecame nec('s-
sary, for eÀaulple, to control the 11l0Venlent of pf'rsons, of inferm2tion,
and of commodities across the national frontiers, to secure sufficient
supplies of food and fuel both for domestic and f{)r industrial uses,
and to organize the man po,ycr of the nation in the nlost effectivE
way.
The \'Y ar :\Ie3sures Act (chap. 2) passed during the short war
session of ...\.ugust, 1914, gave to the Governor in Council authority
extending to
(a) censorship and the control find suppression of publications,
writings, maps, plnns, photographs, communications and
nleans of communication.
(b) arrest, detention, f'xdusion and depcrtaticn;
(c) control of the h3rbours, ports and territorial waters of Canada.
and the movements of vessels;
(d) transportation hy land, air, or "rater and the control of the
transport of persons and things;
(e) trading, exportation, importation, production and manu-
facture;
(f) appropriation, eontrol, forfeiture and disposition of property
and of the use thereof.

14

RECO..\?STRUCTION I..V CANADA

This Act also provided that ':no person who is held for deporta-
tion under this _\ct or under any regulation made thereunder, or is
under arrest or detention 3S an alien pnemy, or upon suspicion that
he is an 3lien enf'my, or to prevent his departure froln Canada, shall
be released upon bailor other,vise discharged or tried, ,vithout the
consent of the l\Iinister of Justice." The s,veeping po,vers conferred
by this Act ,vere the ehief basis of the ,var-time expansion of the
functions of Government.
Under the 'Yar l\Ieasures Act, a Cable Censorship Rran("h was
established under the Department of ::\Iilitia and Defence, ,vith the
object of preventing the transmission of information valuable to the
enemy and of frustrating attempts made by the enemy to carryon
commercial enterprises. "Orders and regulations for the prevention
of the giving out of information calculated to be or that might be
directly or indirectly useful to the enemy and for the prevention of
espionage and generally for the security of His l\lajesty's forces in
Canada" ,vere made by Order in Council of September 12, 1914.
Further, follo\ving upon a voluntary press censorship initiated at
the eommencement of the ,var in connection with the Cable Censor-
ship Branch, there was established under Order in Council of June
10, 1915, a legally recognized Press Censorship.
A Director of Public Information was appointed on November
9, 1917, and on September 12, 1918, a Department of Public Informa-
tion was established and an
\.ssociate Director appointed. The
Department was chargpd ,vith the duty of disseminating throughout
Canada information relating to the ,var, and especially to the opera-
tions of the Canadian forces. In discharging its duties the Depart-
ment published ,veekly in Canada the Canadian Official Record from
October 1, 1
18, to August 28, 1919. It also published in Europe
the Canadian Daily Record, for circulation among the Canadian
troops overseas.
A l\Iilitary Service Branch of the Department of Justice ,vas
established by Order in Council of September 3,1917, for the purpose
of enforeing the provisions of the l\Iilitary Service Act.
A Public Safety Brauch of thf> Department of Justice, under a
Director, ,vas formed under Order in Council of Oetobf'r 7, 1918, for
the efficient administration of the la,vs, orders and regulations enacted
for the preservation of public order and safety during the continuance
of the ,var.

FOOD CONTROL.
Food control in Canada was initiated by an Order in Council of
June 16, 1017, made under the provisions of the 'Var l\feasures Act,
1914. A Food Controller ,yas appointed on June 21, 1917, ,,,ho took
steps to make available the maximum supply of food (a) for the
allied armies, (b) for the civilian populations of the United Kingdom
and allied countries, and (c) for the civilian population of Canada.
"Cnder Orders in Council made on the recommendation of the Food
Controller, public eating houses were brought under regulation, the-
manufacture and free importation of margarine was permitted under
license, the use of grain and other materials in the distillation of

RECOSSTRr;CTIO
Y IÞl CA...YAD..1

15

liquor 'VfiS prohibitpd, exports of food controlled, flour mills food
nlanufacturers and other dealers in foodstuffs licel1s('d and re

lated.
Thp functions of the Food Controller ".erc taken over on February
11, 1918, by the Canada Food Board, ,vhich up to the datc of the
armistice i
:;lH:d SOD1e 70 orders draling with thC' re
ulation of foods.
Up to the end of 1918, the Canada Food Board issuf:d 78,016 licenses,
12,13() in1port pprmits and 14,761 export permits. 1'he Food Board
had its staff of inspf:ctors throughout the Dominion to enforce its
rf:
ulations, but dependf:d to a great extpnt upon provincial and
Jnuni('ipal authorities. It ".as dissolvrd by Ord('r in Council of
::\Iar('h 19, 1019, ".hf:n its functions rf:lating to licensf:s for cxports
from and imports into Canada ,v('re transfprrcd to the Canadian
1'rad(' ('onln1is
ion.
...\ Board uf Grain Sup<'ryisors of Canada ,vith offices at vrinnipeg
,,-as appointl'<l by Ord('r in Couneil under thf' \Var l\Ieasures Act,
1!H4, on June 11, 1017, with wid{' po".crs of control over thc dis-
position of grain of thp 1017 ("rop, including the po,ver to fix maximum
pricf's at whi('h J!rain n1ight bl. sold. Prices based upon grain in
store at the puhlic tprminal plevators at Fort \Yillian1 and Port
Arthur Wf:re fixpd for thr ('rnp years ('ndf:d August 31, 1918, and
(undpr an (''Xt('n
ion of the Board's po".{'rs) ] n19. During; these
year::; tlH' \YIH'at Export Conlpany, 3 grain pun.hasing agency estab-
lish{'d by th(' ImpC'rial ({ovprnment under the lloyal Commission
on \Ylu'at RuppliC's, took <'hargc of exportahle surpluses of grain
d('f'tinl'd for the lTnitl'd ]\:ingdom, Frnnel' and Italy. \Vhcn after
the arnli
ti('e the functions of tlu' l{,oyal ConlnlÌssion on 'Yheat Sup-
plies wrre in 191H extended to deal ,vith that year's crop, thc DonlÏnion
GOVl'rnll1pnt, by Order in Council of July 31, 1019, created the
Canadian \\ heat Board,. whi('h was instrueted to dispose of the
whcat ('rop of 1010 in the Inost profitahle way. The Board was

iv('n pn,vpr to control tllf' sale of wheat in the home market as well
as for pxport, :lnd during the first six months of the crop season of
1919, it also controlled the price at which millers eould sell flour in
Canada. Thp Board adopted a sch('me including an initial advance
p:lYlnent to thC' producer of 'wheat, the issuance of participation
eertificatf:s, and the poolin
of rpturns. Thc final result was that the
produc('r rf'ceived
2.G3 per bushcl for his 1919 crop on the basis of
No. 1. :\lanitoba Korth('rn, in storc at Fort \rilliam and Port Arthur.
1'he Inark{'tin
of th(' 1020 crops ,vas handlrd by privatf' enterprise.

FrEL CO
TROl...

Fuel control con111H'Bced in the summer of 1917, ,vhen it became
evident that o\ving to the entry of the Unitf'd
tates into the war
and the enforcement of the draft in that country, the coal supply
of Canada and the United States ,vas becoming inadequate to the
denland. {;nder Order in Council of July 12,1917, a Fuel Controller
for Canada ,vas appointed, and as a consequence of his recommenda-
tions provision v;as made for the appointment of Fuel Administrator:-
by the provinces and of Local Fuel Commi
sioners by municipalities.

16

RECONSTRUCTION IlV CA.NADA

Under the scheme of administration adopted, the Fuel Controller
for Canada took charge of negotiations for.the inlportation of coal from
the United States and for the shipment thereof, and also promoted
increased production of coal within the country, afterwards making
up his coal "budget" of total available supply and allotting its fair
share to each Province. The Provincial Fuel Administrators then
proceeded to allot its fair share of the provincial supply to each
community, and the Local Fuel Administrators to distribute to the
consumers within each community their pro rata share of the coal
available. By Order in Council of l\larch 5, 1920, the Order in Council
of July 12, 1917, appointing a Fuel Controller, and all other Orders
i.n Council and Regulations respecting fuel control, were cancelled.
By chapter 66 of the Statutes of 1920, however, fuel control during
the coal year 1920-21 was vested in the Board of Railway Commis-
SlonerR.

UTILIZATION OF TilE NATIOY.\L I
ABOUß FORCE.

'Vhole nations, rather than mere annies, are involved in 1110dern
warfare; in the final analysis, each civilian, as ,veIl as each soldier or
sailor, must go where he or she can render most effective service to
the common cause. 1Vhile this was fortunately unnecessary in the
Great War, preparations ,vere nevertheless being lnade to,vards
its close for the conscription of the whole labour power of the nation.
As a natural corollary to the Military Service Act which imposed
conscription for military service upon certain classes of the male
population, there was passed on April 4, 1918, an Order in Council,
the purpose of ,vhich was therein defined as to "prevent persons
capable of useful work from remaining in idleness at a time ,vhen the
country most urgently requires the service of all hUlnan energy
available". This Order in Council provided that every mnle person
between the ages of 16 and 60 residing in the DOlninion of Canada,
not being a student training for some useful occupation or physically
iDcapacitated or temporarily unemployed in consequence of a difference
with his employer, should be regularly engaged in SOlne useful occupa-
tion. As a means to the same end, an Order in Council of October
11, 1918, forbade both strikes and lockouts for the duration of the
war. Further, in order to provide for the Inost effective distribution
of the labour force of the Dominion, the Canada Registration Board
was constituted by Order in Council of February 22, 1918, under
the Chairmanship of the l\Iinister of Labour. Regulations issued
by the Board called for the registration of every resident of Canada,
16 years of age and upwards, with the exception of certain very
limited classes, each registrant being required to state nis occupation,
and other possible occupations of use to the nation in ,vhich he might
be elnployed. The registration ,vas carried out, ,vith the assistance
of a large number of voluntary ,vorkers, on June 22, 1918, the total
registration on that date being 5,044,034 (2,572,654 males and 2,471,-
280 females). Subsequently, through the lnedium of the post offices,
there ,vere registered 202,749 additional persons, giving a total of
5,246,703, being a registration amounting to 96.7 p.c. of the estimated

UTILIZ lTIV..V OF TIlE NATIOJ.VAL LABOUR FORCE 17

rl'
Ô:,t('rahlc population of the Dominion. As:l rC:-5ult of the reo'Îstra-
tion, provincial authorities 'yef(
fUrI
i:-:hed ,vith the name
and
addrc;:,,,e:5 of 140,000 per-.;ons experienced in SOlne branch of agriculture,
but not at the tÎ1ne engaged therein. The armistice averted the
nf'cp
:-\ity for any lHore pÀtensive displacenlent of labour as a result
of the rf'gi-.;tration.

('O-OUDI:\.\Tt;J) o.-t:U.\TIO:\ Ot' C_\N.\J)I.\
R.\ILW.\ YS.
...-\.d(\quate tran
portation facilities are a fundanlental requisite
of efff'ctive Illodern ,varfarp, a
GerInany realized before the ,var,
and l{u
:,ia, to hrr co
t, after enterinp: upon the struggle. Great
Britain ('ollllnandeerf'ù the raihvay Systf'1l1S of the country on August
.
, 1014, and ,vith the co-operation of the raih,.ay officials, operated
t helu as a
ing;l(' unit throughout the \vhole course of the conflict,
thus s('curing the IlUD..inluIH efficiency of tran
portation. As the war
Wf'nt on, the neces:"\ity of unified operation of the raihvays ,vas recog-
nized in rrruada abo. rrhe Railway ...\.ssociation for Kational Defence
,va
fornled on Ortober 23, 1917, \vith objects \vhieh are stated in the
follo".ing resolution, passed on that date:
"l'hat the raihvays of Canada, realizing the national need of
co-ordinating all industrial activities to,vard the prosecution of the
,val', and desiring by further co-opf'ration ,yith each other to render
the most effirient possible service to the national cause, do hereby
agree to establi
h for the pf'riod of the ,,
ar an organization \\'hich shall
have general authority to fOrInulate in detail, and from time to time,
a policy of operation of all or any of the raihvays, ,vhirh policy \vhpn
it is announcpd by such organization shall be accepted and made
efTective by the :-.)everal Dlanagemcnts of the individual raihvay
COll1 panics."
In the follo\ying year, the Association ,vas re-organized ao;; the nan-
rrdian I{aihvay 'Var Board, and rendered valuable service in getting
nlen aud Inunitions to the front, and in economizing the use of rolling
stock, throughout the course of the ,yare Since the war it has been
succeeded by the Raihvay _\ssociation of Canada.

OTIrF.R ".\R-TI'IE GOYERX:\IEXTAL A('
TIVITIES.
The 'Y fir Purchasing Commission ,vas appointed under Order
in Council of ::\[ay 8, 1915, to supervise purchase of all equipment,
store8 and supplies, for ".hich payment had to be made out of the
'Var Appropriation fund:-\. The functions of the Commission were
extended by Order in Council of February 6, 1918, to include the
purcha
e or supervision of purchase of all supplies required for any
purpo
e by Governmental commissions, boards and departments,
these purchases to be made on a cOlnpetitive basis, tenders being
invited flom all persons and firnlS kno\vn to the commission to be
engaged in the business concerned.
The l\Iunition::; Resources Commission was appointed by Order
in Council of Xovember 27, 1915, for the purpose of enquiring into
Ih427-2

18

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANA.DA.

and reporting upon the supply and sufficiency of ra-\v materials in
Canada required for the production of munitions of ,var and as to
the best method of conserving the same. The services of this Com-
mission were placed at the disposal of the Imperiall\funitions Board
and of manufacturers of munitions. An inventory of Canadian
mineral resources was commenced in the ,vinter of 1917-18 in co-
operation with a similar inventory being made by the \Var Minerals
Committee of the United States.
The \Var Trade Board ,vas established by Order in Council
of February 9, 1918, as a sub-committee of the War Committee'
of the Cabinet, 'with the l\finister of Trade an d Commerce as Chair-
man. Its powers were to direct the issue of licenses for exportation
and importation: to supervi
e in it
discretion all industrial and
commercial enterpri
es, so as by co-operation with producers to
prevent waste of labour, ra\v material and product
, to make recom-
mendations for the main ten ance of more eEsential a
compared with
less eEsential industries, and to work in co-operatión with the
Canadian \Var l\Iis
ion at \Vashington and to co-operate with the
\Var Trade Board of the United States
o a
to secure the most
effective unity of action by the two countries for war purposes.
The Canadian "'7"ar Mi
Eion at Washington was constituted by
Order in Council in February, 1918, for the purpose of securing the
most effective co-operation between Canada and the United States
in respect of the e
onomic and financial measures connected with the
prosecution of the war, the growing demandE for increased production,
improved means of transportation and more comprehensive organiza-
tion, and to engage the utn10st effort of human po,verfor economic as well
as military purposes. The l\fisEion was instructed to act in the
closest conjunction ,,
ith the British War Mission at \Vashington.

YOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS OF TilE PEOPLE.

1Iany of the measures enacted into law by Orders in Council
under the \Var l\feasures Act of 1914, would in less extraordinary
times have bee
thought to infringe the fundamental rights of British
subject
. At the time that Act was paEsed, however, there was no
opposition and very little criticism of its provisions in Parliament,
and the people of Canada as a ,,"hole loyally accepted many restric-
tions and inconveniences as being necessary to the successful prosec-
ution of the war. The Canadian people, indeed, 'went farther.
In addition to the burdens imposed upon them by the State, as
individuals and collectively they undertook and discharged other
heavy obligations, contributing largply to the patriotic ,var funds
of the various allied countries as ,veIl as to their o\vn.
The value of the free gifts of the people of Canada for war pur-
poses, including the Patriotic and Red Cross Funds and a great
variety of other agencies and Allied relief funds, was estimated at
the close of the war to exceed 598,714,900, being $11.37 per capita
of the total population.

rOLu,.v'P..tR}
CO..V'TRIBU'TIONS OF PlIP PEOPLE 19

'fhe follo\\ in
is a SUBunary of t 11(\ various l'ontributions:-

Fund.

Dal .. of latest rf'turn.

Value.

s

Canadian Patriotic, inC'luding inwre:-.t....... . . ... Ðt'{'emb{'r 31, 1918. .. . . . . .. .
Donations of Dominion and ProvinC'ial Govprn-
nwnts to thp Impprial Gov{'rnnwnt ... . . . . . .
,ra.nitoha Patriotic Fund...... ...... .....
Iar('h 31, HH8..............
Canadian Rpd CrosR (',1.sh... .. ... .. .. ....... D('cI'mh('l' 7, 1918.......... .
Canadian Red Cro
s 8uppli('s.................... (r:;;timated).................
British Rpd C'ro
. . .... .. .. ... . . . . . . .. ... .. DeC'('mher 31, 1917...... . . . .
B{'l!!lsn Relief ('ash......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. De('ember 19, 1918.... . . . . . .
Bpl
ian RPlid suppli<>s... .. ...... . .... . ...... (('stimat{'d).................
Youn
'{en's Chrbtian A;:.:-oriation for military
"'ork. . . . .. . _ _ _. . . . . . . .. . _ . . . . . . . .

Ii:sc(' llanpou:i. . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ . . . . _ . . . . . .

46, 187,763

5, 4G!), 320
3, !}!) 7, 042
7,771. OS3
1
,500,OOO
6,100.000
1, r.4
. 104
1,512,ROO
4,574,
2t
8,000,000
!IS, 714, 933

'fhp miEccllaneou!== contrihution
includcd pift
for the equiplHcnt
and maintf:nance of ho:-\pitals o'.{\rsea
and in l;anada, contrihutiors
to the French, rolish and
erLian l
elief Funds and to 11UJlH'rOUS
as
ociations for the supply of field conlfortE' to troopf: oyer:--eas and for
the care of returned :-:ol(liers.

Tilt; I.O
T-\\.\U SITUATJO
.
.ÂE the ab"'orptiol1 of thc Etrength of th(' nation in t he pro
ecution
of the ,,'ar beCall1C Inorc and lllore conlplete to\\'ards the close of the
conflict, there loollird up more and B10rr vividly in the nlind" of its
state::5U1CIl the realization of the
reat d
f'locations which ,,'ould be
produced by a sudden stoppage of the grent ,var luachine, ".hich ".aR
occupying the full attention of SOlne 300,000 Canadians overseas
and of as In:lny nlore in the ulunitions manufacture at hOTne, as ".ell
as creatiu
an extraordinary demand for nlany ordinary peace-tilne
product
-a denutnd 'which nlÌght di
appear almost overnight with
thf: ces
ation of hostilities.
In the full realization of this situation, the Cabinet on October
23, 1917, cönstituted itself into tw'o Inain branches or conlluittees, the
one, kno-wn as the War COlnmittee, to deal" ith the problems involved
in the pro
ecution of the war, the other, kno,vn as the Reconstruction
and Development Committee, to consider the problems ,vhich woulù
heconle acute ,yith the return of peace. The Prime
Iinh:ter, the

[ini
ters of Trade and Con1merce and of Finance, 'were n1emLers of
both cOlnmittees. The \\ ar Conllnittee included, besidef the foregoing,
the
Iinisters of External Affairs, Justice, :\Iarine and Naval Service,
Custonls, :\lilitia and Defence, Public \Y orks, the Postmaster-
General, the President of the Privy Council, and the l\Iinister of the
Overseas l\Iilitary :Forces. The REconstruction and Development
Committee included, in addition to the Prime l\Iinister and the

[inisters of Trade and Conlmerce and of Finance, the
Iinisters of
18427-2

20

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

Railways and Canals, Immigration and Colonization, Agriculture,
Labour, the Secretary of State, the l\Iinister of Soldiers' Civil Re-
establishment, the l\Iinister of the Interior and Indian Affairs, the
\Tice-Chairman of the Reconstruction Committee, and a l\IiniEter
,vithout POItfolio.

PART II.-RE-ESTABLISHMENTOF RETURNED SOLDIERS.

First and foremost of the great reconstruction problems 'which
first the Cabinet and later the Reconstruction and Development
Committee of the Cabinet, had to Eolve was that of the re-establish-
ment of the returning soldier in civilian life in a position not less
favourable than the one which he had given up to serve his country,
thus minimizing the financial sacrifice made by the soldier and at the
same time contributing to,yards the restoration of the productive
forces of the country. Since the Eoldiers who during the war returned
from overseas c
me back wounded or at least unfitted for active
service, the problem of their re-establishment in civil life first presented
itself as a problem of hospital treatment. The first work in soldiers'
civil re-establishment was, therefore, naturally performed by the
l\Iilitary Hospitals Commission. This Commission was established
under Order in Council of June 30, 1915, to deal with the provisíon
of hospital accommodation and convalescent homes in Canada, for
officers and men of the Canadian Expeditionary Force who returned
invalided from the front.
MILITARY HOSPITALS COIUMISSJON.
The cOlnmission, under the presidency of The Honourable Sir
James A. Lougheed, P.C., K.C.l\1.G., undertook the provision of
convalescent hospitals and homes for men returning invalided from
the front. Houses for these purposes were offered, usually rent
free, by many patriotic citizens. Gradually hospitals and convales-
cent homes were opened and arrangements were made 'with general
hospitals, tuberculosis sanatoria, provincial hospitals for the insane
and other institutions, for the reception and care of those who 'were
returning disabled from overseas. By the beginning of 1917 the
commission had accommodation for about 1,500 patients. During
that year approximately 10,000 beds in 40 centreE in nine provinces
were made available, mainly in buildings of modern, yet inexpensive
construction, equipped for the proper care and treatment of patients.
The most difficult and insistent problem which the Commission
had to face was the provision of accommodation for men suffering
from tuberculosis. In the hurry and rush of the early months of
mobilization large numbers of men who had been passed as fit were
found to be suffering from this disease in various stages. They
lived in every province. It was necessary therefore to arrange for
their care in every province. Through the co-operation of Provincial
Governments, municipalities and local anti-tuberculosis associations
with the Commission, extensions to existing sanatoria were erected
towards the cost of 'which the Provinces contributed. Provision of
this class of accommodation involved far more than the mere erection

JfILI1'AtRY I/O.'>:PI P.\LS CO]fJl/SSIOl'{

21

of payilion
, it inyoh.cd additiol1
to nduliniRtrativf' buildinl!
, indudil1g
kitrh(,l1
, dining rOOlns, :,torng p fapilitif's, laundry, PO\\ cr for lip;ht
and hC'at etr.

In:I..\U1':\lt:
T Ol
' S())
l)IEUS' C"'IL UE-E'-'T \llLl
JI'lt
XT.

In
\ pril, 1018, the nctivC' trC'atment. hO
I>ital
opC'ratpd by tbe
('onlnlÌ:-\:-\ion ,ven' turnC'd oyp!" to thp ])ppartn1C'nt of ::\filitia and
] )pfC'l1ce, in ord('r that that DppartIl1eut nlig,ht care for tlw UIPn ".bo
hnd not l)('(\n di
('hargC'd. rrhe :i\filitary Irospital
COllllnission,
,vhieh had tlH'll lH,'t'll IlH'rg,pd into thC' DppartlIwnt of
oldiprs' Civil
Hp-cstahli
hnlC'llt, creatpd under 'flu' })ppartnlC'nt of 8oldierR' (1ivil
Re-p
ta hli:,hnlpnt Art, 1 n18 (b-9 (':C'o. Y., ('hap. 12), rC'tained re
-
pon:,ihility for all ca:-\(':, of 1011
duration.
uch :\
t hu....p :iufTC'ring fronl
tubC'rrulosis and in
anity and al
o all r:1:,(':-\ of rp('UITC'ncp of "nr
di
3bility nftpr dC'IHohiliza tion.
lTndC'r the n('\\ :\rranf.:t'lnl'ut thp pC'ak of the load was rC'a('hed,
in
o far as in-patient:, \\ ('1'(' ronrC'rnC'd, on FC'hruary 28, 1 D20, ".hC'n
there ,ypre '; ,GIS cases in ho::.-pital. 'fhe peak of the load in rC'
I)('('t of
out-patif'nt
"
as rcachC'd in Noypmhcr, 1H20, ".bcu therc ,yere 2,137.
On ::\[arrh 31, In21, therC' wprC' 6 2ö-1 in-patients and 540 out-patients.
Of the in-patients, h"'O ,ven' undergoing treatIncnt for nlental di
C':u.,p

and 1,376 for tuhcrculo
i
.
'fh(\ D('partmpl1t W[i:-- on
[ar('h 31, ] f}
1, operatinp- directly or
indirectly 31 ho"'pital:-; and :-:anatoria with a total bed capacity of
6.781. rrhe Dcparhncnt a]
o opl'ratC's J!{'ueral and spef'ial rlinics
for tht. treatrnent of recurr('nt ".ar di:--ahilitif's, (a) general trcatment
(nH'diral and surgical); (b) speeial
(,1l
(, (('ye, car, no
(' and thro:\t);
(c) genito-urinary (all di
pases of the tract); (d) chest clinics.
Alnong thp hu:-,pitals opl'ratC'd hy tll(' Departmcnt [ire t,,
o p
ychopa-
thif' in
tituti()ns for all IH'rYOU
anò IJ1Pntal di:'f'a:-\f':'.
The follo,ving figurp:-\ giy{' tlH' total nUlllhC'r of patÌ{'nt:; given
ho:--pital treahnent f'ince thC' ('omnH'IH'('ment of the ,york: July 1,
19]5, to Def'. 31, In1ß, hy
filitary ITo
pital
Comlni

ion, approxim-
atdy 22,742; Jan. 1, 1017, to J.\Iarrh 31. 101h, by
Iilitary IIo:-\pitnls
Conlmi:--
ion 2S.25h; _\.pril 1, 1018 to De('. 31, 1010, by })p}>1. of

.C.H., 34,554; Jan. 1, 1020 to Dec. 31, 10
0, by Dept. of
.C.}{.
23,501; Jan. 1, 1921, to 1\Iar. 31, 1021, by Dl'pt. of S.C.R. (new
ca
es) 4,237; total 113,402. Clinical trC'atments:
Iay 1, 1919 to
Dec. 31, 1919. by Dept. of H.C.H., 126,057; January 1, 1920 to Dec.
31, 1020, by Dept. of S.C.H., 447,142; January 1, 1921, to ::\Iarch
31, 1921, by Dept. of
.C.R. 00,455; total 669,G54.
A
ocial service
ection is being operated by the ::\Iedical Branch
an10ng tuberculo
i
('a
l':S, neurological and n1ental cases, out-patients
who are unable to work, ard nlen, ,yho though they do not require
treatnlent, mu
t be cla""'cd as sub-normal in the ordinary labour
nlar ket.
l\.
dietetics i
no,," recognized to be one of the most important
featuref' of up-to-date hospitat operation, the DC'pal'tment organized
and developed a special dietary section, and dietitians, with assistants

22

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

\vhere required, were placed in all hospitals operated by the Depart-
nlent. The result is that the food is better and is more effectively .
balanced in so far as caloric value is concerned, and \vhen compared
'with the previously recognized system of food control, a marked
economy in expenditure is to be seen.
As a consequence of the conclusion of reciprocal arrangelnents
with various countries, the Department established a Foreign Relations
Section in connection with the l\Iedical Branch, for dealing with
fonner members of the Canadian forces receiving treatment abroad
and former nlenlbers of the British and Allied forces receiving; treat-
Inent in Canad
L
Shortly after the ArnlÌstice, it was recognized that treatment
might have to be provided for fornler melnbers of the forces \yho were
suffering fronl disabilities not directly attributable to ,var service but
\"hich might have been indirectly caused thereby, owing to a temp-
orarily lo\vered physical resistance to epidelnic or other con ditions.
Po,ver ,vas therefore taken to grant free treatment and medicine to
all former nlembers of the Forces \vho might fall ill during 12 months
following the date of retirement or discharge. SOlne thousands of men
in this \vay secured free medical treatment, a concession \vhich 'was
lunch appreciated.
Prior to Fehruary 24, 1917, no provision ,,-as lllade for the pay-
.nlent of former members of the forces 'vho had suffered a recurrence
of \var disability. On that date an Order in Council ,vas passed by
the Departnlent of l\Ii1itia and Defence, (P.C. 508), under the authority
of which all such men 'were specially re-attested for medical treatment,
and the pay and allowance which they had received on service \vere
granted. This continued in force until the active treatInent hospitals
operated by the 1\Iilitary Hospitals Commission \vere turned over to
the Departnlent of l\iilitia and Defence, when a special scale of pay
and allowances, based upon militia rates, plus an anlount equivalent
to Patriotic Fund allowances in respect of depend3nts, was substituted
for the allowances under P.C. 508, and was payable by the Depart-
nlent of Soldiers' Civil Re-Establishment. These rates, on the basis of a
thirty day month, provided $33.00 per month for a private \vithout de-
pendants, $73.00 for a married nlan without children, with additional
allowances for children; free clothing, where necessary, was granted.
On September 1, 1920, the rates were increased to $45.00 for single
men (inclusive of $7.00 per month in lieu of clothing issue) and $86
for married men without children, with additional allowances for
children. In both cases special subsistence was granted for out-
patients.

VOCATIOXAI
TRAIl\
l\ G FOR DISABLED SOLDIERS.

Prior to the Great 'Val' it had never been considered necessary
to provide vocational training for men who \vere disabled by war.
Apart from the payment of a snlall pension, these lnen \vere allo\ved
to fend for themselves and often drifted into the ranks of the unem-
ployable. The Government of Canada was the first of the .Allied

rOCA TION.tL TR_lllVINO FOR VIS.iI/LED SOLDIERS 23

Governnl
nts to recognize that thc rc-training of the di
ahled 1l1en
at puhlic expense ".a:-; a neCl'

ary post-\var problenl, be
ide
Lein

H socialJy profitable inve..;tment for publi(' funds. T'hc :\lilitary
IIo:-\pitnls COIllnli:-\sion ,vas authorized to provide facilities for such
re-training and for the is
tlc of PHY and fillo,vances ".hile thi
rf'-trainin{!
"'a
in progreß::;. ArranJ.?;elnent:-; 'werc IHad,"' for the opf'ning of
pecial

('hool
, for th
utilization of existing provineial and private institu-
tions, and for thc placin
of nlen in indu
tri
s where an intpnsive
apprenticeship to the n('\\" trade could hp carri
d out. ..\8 an adjunct
a
p
cial employnlent and follow-up
('rvic(' wa:-; e
tHhli
hell. Large
nUllloers of di
ahl<.d men availpd th
ln
elves of the:-\e facilitif'
,
thc peak of thç lO'ld being r('a('h
rl in
r
rch, 1920, ,vhen upwanl
of
26,000 (inclusive of nlÌnors rCfelTf'd to hplow) ,vpre l.nHlf'r
oing train-
inJ.?;. "I'he total ,vho had taken training prior to 'larch 31, IH21, ,vas
.'j0,996, of ,,,hon1 38,9B4 had graduaÜ.d. Of thp halance, 2,990 at
that datc wcre undergoing training and H,012 had di:-\cuntinued their
eour
cs for various reasons. "fhe:--:c luen were traiu
d in 421 distinct
occupations. Fol1o,v-up Rtatistic
fo;ho\\"cd that fiG. 01 p.c. of the
number trainf'd in })epartnlental :-;(.hool
, 79. 3() p.c. of tho:--e trained
in outside t'rhools, find 73.19 p.c. of tho
e trained in indu:-;tric
,
,,,ere
ub
equent ly f'In ployed in the linp of work in which they \\"ere
trained, or an aVf'rnge of 71. Uti p.e.
..\t the conllllencenlcllt of thf' vocational training "york t,vo
poli('if':-; Wf're opf'n to thf' Goy'erull1pnt: (1) 'fo take thf' nlf'n and train
thenl in highly skilled tr:1(1f'
,
t1ch a
('arpcntprs, printcr
, pltunbcrs,
Inachini:-\t
, etc., ,vhich, ,vithout previou

kill in the
e trades to build
upon, ,vould havp tak
n fron1 onc to thre' years or po:-::-:ihly IHorp.
(2) If the nl
n Wf'f(' t'killf'd in
OH1P occupation, to build upon that
foundation, by training in SOllle lightf'r occupation rlo
cly allied to
it, whcre fOflupr cxperience n!Ìght ])(' Illade u..;e of, or if th(\re ,vas no
previous
kill to huild upon, to train in :;olne occupation, not piecE:
,york, 'where a full ,vage could be (':trnf'd in fronl t) to 8 months. The
s
cond lilcthorl hac:; been adopted as a general principlf'. It Inay he
added that tho
e 'who received training have ranged in age froln
youths to Inen of 50 ycars, in education, from the illiterate to the
university
tudent, industrially, from the lowe
t grade labourer to
the Blost highly skilleù mechanic.
An iInportant
uh-divif:ion of the vocational courses ,vas the
trainin
provided for nlinorfo; who enlisted unùer the age of 18 and
thus suffered a
prious intcrruptioll of their apprenticeship or eclucatiop.
This hranch of the work of the ])epartnlent of Soldiers' Civil Re-
establi
hmen1. ,vas cOllilllencf'd in the
priIlg of 1919. The nunlber
of minors to ,,,hom courses ,yere granted 'vaf' 11,584, 8,091 of whom
had graduated by l\Iarch 31, 1921, ,vhile 251 ,vere still in training
and 3,242 had for variou
reason
discontinued thcir courses.
Another aspect of the training activitieH 'which have becn deve-
loped is that of occupational therapy in the hospitals. It "
a
found
in the early
tageH of the "
ork that tinle hung heavily on the hand'S
of the convalescent, and it ,va:-: determined to establish classes and
'war occupations which ,vould relieve the tediunl. This branch of

.

24

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA_

the work has been most successful. A special corps of ward aides
,vas trained and it became a regular part of the procedure in all
departmental hospitals for men to spend a portion of the day in per-
forming some useful occupational work. This training is often
commenced while the patient is bed-ridden. The sale of the articles
produced has proved a welcome addition to the Departmental allow-
ances.

HE-TRAINING OF THE BLIND.
The re-training of blinded soldiers is an inlportant branch of the
Department's activities. Their training, as was early recognized,
must be of such a character as to enable them to adjust themselves
to a ne'w condition and to develop to the greatest extent the senses
of touch and hearing. The blinded soldiers are taught ho,v to be
blinò. Blinded soldiers formed a very small percentage of the
casualties of the Great "\Var, the number receiving pensions on account
of blindness or impaired eyesight being 1,966, of whom 192 had
sight 80 impaired as to require re-training, 110 of these being totally blind
or having only a perception of light. Arrangements were made by
the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-Esta,blishment whereby all in
this condition who wished to do so might receive training at S1.
Dunstan's Hostel, Regent's Park, London. The Department also
entered into arrangements \vith the Canadian National Institute for
the Blind for the training at Pear:son Hall, Toronto, of those 'who did
not avail themselves of the facilities provided at St. Dunstan's, and
for a special post-graduate course for those who did. Further,
provision has been made through the Institute, at the expense of the
Government, for after-care and for establishment in business of those
capable of looking after themselves. Blind soldiers have received
training in such industries as mas:sage, poultry farming, carpentry,
piano-tuning, stenography, broom-making and telegraphy.

PRO\"ISION OF ARTIFICIAl.. LIIUßS AND APPLIAl''"('ES.
The 1\lilitary Hospitals Comnlission recognized in June, 1916,
that in order adequately to give effect to the Government's policy of
caring for disabled members of the Canadian Expeditionary Force,
it was necessary to supply artificial limbs to those men \vho had
suffered anlputation as a result of their war service. Prior to this
date the manufacture of these appliances had been in the hands of
private firms in Canada and the United States and no standard type
was universally available, 'while the number of experienced limb
fitters and surgical appliance makers was limited. The essential
thing was that the Government should be in a position to control and
to standardize the issue of these appliances, in view of the fact that
rene,vals and repairs would have to be issued in all parts of Canada.
It was therefore decided to establish a Governmental organization
independent of private interests. Further it was recognized that
this industry would form a very useful and remunerative occupation
for a number of returned men who had themselves suffered amputa-
tion. The first government artificial limb factory was temporarily

PIlOJ ISIO.V OP ARTIPICI1I J IJIBS .1ND APPLIANCES 25

ópencd at 47 Buchanan btn
et, 'roronto, and the' work grew to such
an extent that the larJ!est and nlo::;t up-to-date factory in Canada with
fitting d('pot:-\ in all the principal ccntres is operated by the })epart-
lllent of 8oldi('r
' Civil H('-e:-ìtahli:-\llJnPllt.
\n expl'IÌInental branch i

maintained J which is constantly engagcd in rl('vÜ
in
and developing
nc". design
nnd imprOYelllentlo\ on existing appliances. T'hc ])epart-
nlent is 3bo 11lanufacturing
urgj('nl applinllces such us spliJlt
,
braces, belts, corsets, orthopædic hoot
, 8I>ectacle
, etc. Bince the
rOnlnlf'nCenlC'llt of the \\ork in lU16, gf),

Ð7 appliances of all kinds
have been is..;ued, 37,135 of thenl during the fiscal year ended l\Iarch
31, In:!l, thc latt'r lltUnoer including 15,132 n"'pairH.

))()
T-DI
t"'IJ.\R(a: 1)f:
T.\I
TRE.\TJtI:
T.

'flu' Dental Rranch of thp T)epnrÌIllent ".
l
ebtahli::;hcd, not for
the purpose of providing d(\lltal '\C'r,.ices for l'yery p:X-Inenlhpf of
the forces, but to scrve whcn IH'cc""'ary as an adjunct in the r('
tora-
tion of f'uch ex-melnhers of the force
to nonnni hl'alth and f\trel}
th.
'rho:-,(\ entitled to dpntal tr('aÌIll('nt hy the dl'partnH\nt are: (1) Ex-
nleluLcrs of the forces on the treahucnt or traillin
Rtrength of the
Department. rrhi
c1a:--
recpive
dC'ntal trC'atment only ,,'hCD it is
indieated by the unit'
Illedical direetor that such trentnlcnt ,viII
irnprove the luan's general condition. (2) EX-Inenlhel s of the
force:-- ,vho rcquire dCI.tal heatnlcnt for repair or direct daluage to
the j::nv or t('('th re:-\ulting frolH "ar f:('rvict'. Thi:-- cla:--s iududef:
cases of recurrcnce of infectcd nlouth due to servi('e which require
treatIuent for 3 toxic systelnic condition, due to th
recurrence of
oral infection. Thc:--C' In('n are placed in thc
ame po:-oition af: those
suffering frolll any other physical di:--ability due to "ervice, and
receive either full pa)" and allowanccs or are takcn on the ::;trength
a
out-p:.lticnt
, being granted allo".ance
for the time lost in
a tten ding for trea hnen t, accordin
to the circunH
t H nces of the ('ase.
(3) Ex-nlelnhers of the forces ref('rred to the Department by the
Board of Pension r'ommi:-::-\ioners ".hen it is considered that dental
treahllent is neCf'
:-\ary to lower pen
iona ble di:..:aoility.
The nunlber of dental services rendered in Deparhn(,lltal clil)ic

frOlll January 1, 1920, to l\Iarch 31, 1921, consisted of 207,308 opera-
tion::;. In addition 754 patients" ere treated by other than depart-
nlelltal
alaried dcnti
ts. It ba::i 13e(,11 found that the installation of
dental clinics in the hospitals of the Department has resulted in
many CH::,e:s in a material inlprovement in the condition of the patients.
Thi
has been found particularly the ca
e in tuberculosis sanatoria,
and several instances have heen discovered where an apparent chest
disability has entirely disappeared ,vhen an unknown dental dis-
ability has been discovered and reluedied. The dent31 branch has
also dealt "ith a nunlher of facial ,"ar injuries where bone grafting
has been required and ,,,here conlplicated prostheses have been
fitted.

26

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

EJIPI
OYMENT OF DEMOBILIZED SOI..DIERS.
It was early recognized that not only was it necessary to provide
medical treatnlent for a returned soldier, but that he should be
introduced to enlployment ,vhen in a fit condition to ,vork. In
October, 1915, the secretary of the 1\lilitary Hospit.als Commission
was directed to prepare a report on the sÜbject of the provision of
employment for nlenlbers of the Canadian Expeditionary Force on
their return to Canada and the re-education of those unable to fono".
their previous occupations because of disabilities. The report with
appendices ,vas printed as a blue book and is one of the first docunlents
issued by any Government in connection with employment after
the great ,val' and is the first ,vhich contained definite proposals
regarding re-training of the disabled. I t was pointed out in this
report that all those ,vho returned would be found to be in one of the
following classes:-(I) "Able-bodied men for whom the situationb
and positions they left have been kept open hy patriotic enlployers."
(2) "Able-bodied men ,vho were out of work at the time of enlistment
or 'who have been superseded in their absence; and invalided and
,vounded men similarly situated ,vho ,viII become able-bodied after
a period of rest in a convalescent home." (3) "Invalided and wounded
nlen "rho are unable to follow their previous occupation by reason of
their disability, but who will be ca pable after proper training, of
taking up other work." (4) "l\Ien who are permanently disa bled and
,viII be unable to earn their own living under any circumstances."
A scheme outlined for close co-operation between the Federal
and Provincial Goveruments resulted in a conference between
the 1\lilitary Hospitals Commission and the various Provincial
Governments in October, 1915. .At that conference an agreement
,vas reached for the creation of Provincial Returned .Soldiers' Employ-
ment Comnlissions. All the provinces took up this ,york and each
Commission ,vas regarded as a sub-committee of the l\Iilitary Hos-
pitals Commission. The Provincial Commissions came into direct
contact with the returned soldier, his wishes, his causes for complaint,
etc., and the officers of these Commissions were able to interpret to
the soldiers the desires and policies of the Government in their behalf.
They were also instrumental in securing enlployment for a large
nUlnber of lnen.

El\IPLOYJIENT COXDITIONS.

The sudden cessation of hostilities in November, 1918, brought
the Dominion Government face to face with the problem of assÏ1nilat-
ing at short notice into the industrial life of the nation a bout 350,000
men who had been absent on service for periods varying up to five
years. At that time there ,vpre only t,velve Dominion-Provincial
Employment offices in Canada, and the provincial organizations were
unable to handle the ,,-ork. The Departnlent of Soldiers' Civil
Re-Establishment therefore issued a questionnaire ,vhich ,vas filled
in by all soldiers overseas, and by l\larch 1, 1919, it was possible to
form a fair working estimate of the probablE' distribution of the

FJ/PLOrJIEJ.VT 'UVDITIUNS

1)-
....1

returning: 1lH.'n by tr3des anrl territorial areas. In co-operation with
vuriou
Provincial Govcrnnu\l] t
and t hf' J)ominion })epartulCI1 t of
Lahour th0 chain of clnploYlnellt offic '8 was quickly pxtpnd0d until
eV0ry city in Capada had one or mor(' free govcrnnH
nt ('I11ploYlllt'llt
offices. .\rrang:enlcnt8 werp l11a<10 to connect UIH'I11ployctl workcrs
in one rli
t rict with unfilled vacnncie-.: ill anot h(,I". .. \
pPl'ial ratp of
1 ccnt pel utile wa:-\ arranged with thp railway:::;,
u}(l through thp
creation of
I)('('ial
t\ctioll:-\ for <!('a ling" it h profc
:-:iol' al anù bu:-:inc:-:s
luen and handicapped IHPn, a large nUlllhpr of
uch pt.'rsons found
elllploYlllPII t.
The })ppart n10nt ,yent furt IH'r and 3
::-ii
tcù the IueH who 'Vl'r0
confronted with prohlpnls ari:-\ing frOI11 thpir ah:--t.'nrp fronl h(>Ine and
nOrInal oecupation,
uch a
adju::;tInput of hu:o:in(':o:s, financial and
fanÜly affair
, f'('tt l('lncn t of (.lailn:-; for
ra t ui ty, pay alld a l1owanr('
,
".01' kin
pay, pcn:-:ionf:, r<'fund of tra n:-\port a tiOIl, hou
in
, ct c. 'fhrough
th0 di:--:O:Plllination of COlT 'ct infonnatioll and
uch a
:--i
t:Ul('0 as i

ou t lined a 1.0\"(', t h(' In fOrI Il a t ion all d
'rvice Branch of t h0 I)epart-
n10nt pl"(n
cd tl trapquilli7ing; f0atun' in thp industrial life of the
DOlninion and in cahning tlnn\
t anlOlJ g t h(' returned IIH'n th('111-

elvp
. Eff()rt
w('re nlad0 to OpPJl J}f'W aY('nu('
of clnploYlllPllt, and

p0cially f::killed 1110n were 0n
ng{\d to to-tudy vari()u
angles of the
indu
trial
itl1ation and to a........ist fÌnll:' in
()lvill
t h{\ problcms con-
nected with thp !'u1.
titution of Canadian for foreign labour without
òisorgaui7in
their plant
.
This branch of the work, "'0 far a:-\ the IJcpartnlPut of Soldi0r::;'
rivil H{\-Estubli
lnnent i:3 conerrned, 'V:1:-; dpnlohili7rd in June, lÐ20,
excppt in rpgard to a:-\si
tance in obtaining C'lllploYlllcnt given to
vocationally trainf'd or handieapped nlen. During the period of its
exish'nc(', the total nunlbrr of po::;itions found ,vas 175, 1:>7 and the
actual nUluher of nlen placed ".as 10U,10:3-. 'fhc totul nUD1}wr of
inquirie::; for infoflllation anù a...;
i:o:tancp dealt ".it h exceeded 1 ,
18,OOO.

1.t:l'J.-\l, U.:I
lt:.' TO L
t:\II.LO\.FD RET
TR' F.n 'It:X. t919-19.
t.
During the lattcr part of 1010, it ,'.aq appar('nt that the prohlelllS
of re-c
tahli:o:hlll('nt hud not been fully :-,olved and tha1 a Dlea
Uf(' of
unenlploYlllent relief ,vould be requirèd during the ".inter of 1910-20.
A surn of 11loney ".as yoterl for this and oth0r rplated purposes and
a total of :'7 ,058,989.34 ,va
expended, of ,vhich
256,Oö0.40 "as for
administration. Of this expenditure the sum of 4,983,ü91.50 ".a

for unemploYlnent relief. This relief ,vork ''':1S carried out by co-
operation het,veen the Department of Soldiers' Civil He-Estahlishn1ent
and the ranadian Patriotic Fund. The di
tribution of the D10ney
allocated ,vas intrusted to the Canadinn Patriotic Fued and com-
menced in Christma
,veek, 1919. Applicants regi
tered for ,york
for 'VhOlll no positions ,vere immediately available and ,,,ho stated
that they ".ere in need ,vere referred to the Canadian Patriotic Fund
so that their cases might be investigated apd a:,sistance given, if neces-
sary, fronl thp Dominion elnergency appropriation. A considerable
number of applications ".ere received fronl 11len ,vho had exhausted

,

28

RECONSTRUCTI01V IN CAlvADA

their war service gratuity, also from others, ,vho while still enlployed
claimed they were not receiving sufficient ren1uneration to provide
their families with the necessities of life.
It was not intended to repeat the relief lneasures during the ,vinter
of 1920-21, but o,ving to the large amount of unemployment, two
Orders in Council were passed under which authority was granted
to the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishn1ent to grant
medical and surgical treahnent to unemployed fornler lllembers of
the Forces an d relief to former members of the Forces ,,-ho were
pensioners or who had received vocational training on account of
disability, untill\1arch 31, 1921. It was found that some extension
of the latter relief was necessary and a further Order in Council w'as
passed granting such extension to these classes of returned soldiers
"Tho had dependants, until April 23, 1921.
The monthly amount of relief granted during 1921 was aE follows:
IVlan and wife to March 31, $75, to April 23, $65; First child under
16 (girl 17), to April 23, $12; 2nd child under 16 (girl 17) to April
23, $10; Single man without dependants (maximum allowance)
to l\.Iarch 31, $50; Single lllan with dependantE, same as married man.
The relief given in 1919-20 "Tas in cash, that in 1920-21 in kind
only. The expenditure during the paEt winter for relief amounted
to about $1,500,000.

LOANS TO YOCATIONAL AND UNIVERSITY STrDENTS.

In November, 1919, on the recommendation of the Parliamentary
Committee on Pensions and Re-Establishment, which had recently
concluded its sittings, an Order in Council was passed authorizing
the Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-Establishment to make loans
to certain classeE of forn1er members of the Forces.
The Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-Establishlnent ,,"as author-
ized at itE diEcretion to advance by way of loan to those disabled
men who have been re-trained and ,vho are in need of Eame, a Eun1 not
exceeding $500 for the purchaEe of tool
and equipment necessary
to establish them in their new occupation, such 10anE to be repayable
within five years fron1 date of iSEuf' without interest. Further the
Departmert of Soldiers' Civil Re-EEtabliEhlnent ,vas given authority
at its discretion to advance by ,yay of loan to those nlen ,vho are
disabled and who are in need of same, a sum not exceeding $500,
to enable them to pursue any course of training or education that was
substantially interrupted by war service, providing in all cases that the
disability 'was of such a nature as to makf' assistance necessary, and
provided further that such men are not entitled to or have not taken
training under the Departn1ent of Soldiers' Civil Re-Establishment;
all such loans to be repayable in five yea rs without interest.
In order to carryon this ,york a special division of the ,r ocational
Branch was created and special officers were appointed in the various
units. Before the granting of a loan, careful inquiry is made into the
reasons advanced and into the prospects of successful operation.
A chattel mortgage, ,vhere possible, is secured and arrangements

TO.iNS T() roc t TI().Y.tl
LYD rr
VTVFRSI7'}r ì:31'ULJRN1'S 29

arc lu:.ule for repaYIHcut in
lnnll :unounts. 'I'he nunlbcr of applica-
tions for IO:1I1R approved to :\[arch

l, 1921, '\\-as 1,ô30 nntI the amount
aplH"OYt'd
;)DO,4;)4.7ß. Thp nUln1wr of occupations iu ,dlich nH'n
hav
been a:-\
i
ted by loall is
3. In sueh occupation::; as pluluLing,
carpentry, cahinet-luakinJr, ('tc., the actunl tool
requir<'d by a journey-
IBall :\re purcha:-\pd to PHahle hirn to ohtnin enlploYlnent nt thp
prevailing rates. '\ïthout the,e t()ol
this ('ould not he done. I t is
pstinulted that ....130,000 ".ill nleet the loan exp
nditure oi the })cpart-
IHent during the pr('sent fi
('al year.
1'hc work of the Df'partnH'nt of doldi('r
' Ciyil Re-c
tnhli:-\ll111f'l1t
ha<3 nece
Eafily hcpn of a tf'l1lporary eharacter, to he fiuislH'd whcn
thp procc

of rp-p
tnhlislllnpnt b cOlllpletp. rrhnt thi
".ork has
alrf'ady IH.O(,f'(\dt'd fnr to".nrd f'Olllpletioll is evidf'Iu'f'd by th(' pro
re
s-
ive declinp in the nUlllhf'r of it

tafi" frolll 9,035 in
Inrch, 1 Ð20, to
5,lS.
in :\fnrch, 1 D21. }n
pite of thi.... transitory charact
r, its
,vork has 1)('('1} of a highly f'OIl:-\truf'tivp and :-\oeially yaluahle nnturf'.
Settin
aside the consid('ration that the expcuùiturc on this l)epartnlcnt
is a debt of grntitude ".hich the nation 0"-(.:-; to it
defendprs,
thnt expf'uditufP is nl:-\o a great invc:-\tnlf'nt in huulan life, in increa
ing
the efficiency of hUluan bcillg
, luany of 'VhOll1 are luorl or le:--.::; im-
paired in C'arning po,yer by their C'xperiencC's in ,var. J nlpnirment
of hUlllnn b('ings, however, goe
011 al:-\o in tinl(\ of pf'af'P, and the
e:\.periencc gained in the cour...:c of the ".ork of the Dcpartulent of

oldiers' Civil H,p-e
tablishment Inay yet be of use in cnrrying on
a pernlnnf'nt ,york of 'What Illay l)e eallpd IUlIllan ('OHSt'l'v:1tion.

'.ETTLE..'lE
1.' 0.' ßETlU'\ED ""OLUII:ß
0' }t' \R\IS.

.

Canaùa is
till a prpdolninantly a
rif'ultural courtry. Gcnerally
speaking, Canada is prospcrOUb ,,,hen the ('rop
arp good and high
prices prevail, :lnd depre:-:!'ed ,vhpn the contrary is the f'ns
. It \vas
natural, therefore, that sppcinl pfforts
hould he put forth by the
Governlnent to enlist as Inany a
po,sible of the able-hodied returning
soldiers in an occupation 'which i
never overcro,y(h'd and ,vhich
involves the opening up of large areas of ne". lands and a fundamental
addition to priIuary production and thereby to the national ,,,ealth.
Such
oldiers, ho".ever, 'were not an likely to be in possession
of sufficient capitnl to enable them to CODln1ence farming on their
o,yn account. If they ,vere to do so it ,vas nece
sary that the Govern-
ment should financ(\ their operations. Accordingly in 1917 the
Soldier Settlement Board ".as orgnnized and empowered by chapter
21 of that year's stntutes to a
:-\ist eligible nnd qualified returned
<5oldiers to
ettle upon the land. Loans 'were authorized for the
purchase of live stock and equipment and the f'rection of permanent
ilnprovelnents on DonlÌnion Lands and al
o for the rellloval of encum-
brances on farms held by ,var veterans. In February, 1919, an Order
in Council was passed extending the E'cope of the w'ork and enabling
the Soldier Rettlement Roard to purchnse for returned men a
ricul-
tural lands in any province. Tha t Order in Council ,vas confirmed
by chapter 71 of the statutes of the same year.

30

RECO.YSTRUCTION IN CANADA

Subject to regulations requiring previous adequate practical
farming experience in Canada and general fitness, members of the
C.E.F. who saw service outside of Canada are eligible for the benefits
of the Act, as \vell as those whose service was not outside of Canada
but ,,-ho are receiving or have received a service pension. The
benefits of the Act also apply to ex-members of any of the Imperial,
Dominion or allied forces who resided in Canada prior to the war, and
to members of the In1perial and Overseas Dominion Forces who saw
service out of their own country. Imperial' or Don1inion ex-service
men not resident in Canada at the outbreak of the \var, will, how-
ever, be required to work on a farm in Canada to gain experience
before they are qualified to participate. These latter are also re-
quired to have sufficient working capital to n1aintain themselves and
their dependants until returns from the land are forthcoming and to
pay down twenty p.c. of the cost of land, stock, implements and
buildings.
Since the con1n1encement of operations, 59,331 returned Eoldiers
have made application for certificates of qualification. The con
ider-
ation of these applications involved an examination of every ap-
plicant's war Eervice and a cloEe inveEtigation of hiE past farming
kno,vledge and ability, his moral risk, physical and general fitness
and personal ca pital and assets. Inmost caseE the Board or its
Qualification COlnn1Ïttee have had to interview the applicant in
per
on. If an applicant is qualified he is granted a certificate and
Inay make application for a loan forthwith. If he lacks experience
he is recommended to secure employment on a farm until he is able
to satisfy the Board that he possesses the required knowledge of
farn1 management. Training centres '\vere organized and main-
tained by the Board in several provinces, and untillVlay 1, 1921, pay
and al10wances were granted to men, especially those with familie
,
during the period of training. All training centres have been closed
and are being disposed of. The only training now recognized is
practical expErience under ordinary conditions and on the basis of
wages current for farm labour.
Of the 59,331 applicants, 43,063 ,vere granted qualification
certificates. Six hundred and fifty-one. are now obtaining further
practical farming experience before being considered as qualified.
A number of the remainder are still in abeyance, while others have
been disqualified or recommended for practical training.
To qualified persons, loans may be granted up to $7,500 at five
per cent interest, repayable on the amortization plan, in six annual
instalments in the case of loans for stock and equipment, and in 25
annual instaln1ents in the case of land and buildings. There are
three classes of loans:-On purchased lands: up to $4,500 for land
purchase, up to $2,000 for stock and equipment and up to $1,000 for
permanent improvements; on agricultural lands already owned by
settler, up to $3,500 for the removal of encumbrances, up to $2,000
for stock and equipment and up to $1,000 for permanent improve-
ments, provided the total does not exceed $5,000. The following

SETTLE11IE.' T OF RETURSED ðULDIERS U
FAR.1/S 31

figures
ho\v by provinces the nUlnLcr of Inen
ettled on thc land and
the total nnlount of loans approved.
Xo.
Loans.
313
:
61
4tH
341
1 .442

,231
4,927
5 ,7S,>
2,

O

P.E.T.......... ......
X.S. . ... ....
X .I
. . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
Q\l (\ . . . . . . . .. ........
On t. . . . . . . . . . . .

I an. . . ... . .. ...

ask. .. .............
.AI ta . . . . . . . . .. ....
B.C. . . . . . . .. ....

_\mount in
8û6,18û.OO
1,200,576.1-2
1,504,135.47
1,744,991.46
6,337,362.52
13,44!),4()0.47
19,423,238.05
23,048,972.16
12,79
,827.93

Can a II a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 9 , 771

80,371,7504S

LOLlnb ".ere grantcd for the follo,ving purpo::>eb:

TopurchaseLLtnd. .... ...... 44,4U5,542.61
To renlove enculnhrane('
on land
owned by settler.. .... .... 1 ,917 ,582. 6G
To ercct pernUlncnt improve-
lupnts........... .......... 9 039,86,5.14
'ro purcha
e stock anù f'{}uip-
nlent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... 2.'), UO
, 700.07

0,371,7jO 4b

There are 14,072 bettlers on pur('ha
ed lands ,vith loalls of
:-.ß9,259.G08.30; t',9ß4 on encun1bere(llands ,vith loans of 4,742,778.00
and 3,7:
5 settlers on Dominion land.;; ,vith loan
of 'ü,369,3G4.18.
The average loan ppr
{'ttler is
!,065.13.
By Order in Council, all DOlninion lands ,,-ithin a radius of 15
n1Ïlcs of any raihvay ,vere rescrved for returned soldiers. Eight
thou
and
even hundred and seventy-t".o of these nlen have taken
advantage of this r(\:-,(\fvation and have occupied free lands, of ,vhon1
3.100 received from the Board financial a
f'istance to purchase live
stock and farm ÍInpJements and to erect buildings. The total of men
,,-ho have gone on the land under the ægis of the Board is 25,443,
includin
19,771 ,vho as sho,vn above have received financial assis-
tance. In the three prairie provinces, ".here Don1Ïnion lands were
available, every eli
ible returned f'oldier ".as entitled under the Act
to a
oldier grant of 160 acres and in addition to this soldier grant he
".as free to exercise his civilian right to homestead another 160 acres.
The ave.rage soldier grant and homestead taken up by returned men
is 240 acres, making a total area of free lands granted of over 2,000,000
acres.

,

32

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

The total area of land occupied by soldier settlers under the Act
IS 4,854,799 acres, made up as follo\vs:
Purchased Ian d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Encumbered land. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soldier grants (with loans). . . . . .
Soldier grants (-without loans) . . .

2,153,184 acres
360 , 227 "
980,108 "
1 , 361 , 280 "

4,854,799

"

The average size of farnls varies according to provinces, the
largest being in the Prairie Provinces and the smallest in British
Columbia. The following figures show the average acreage of farms
and average cost per acre, by provinces:

A veraO'e
Province. Acreage.

P.E.I...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
N. S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
N. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Que. .. . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Onto .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

lan ........................................................... 220
Sask. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Al ta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
B.C.......................................................... .. 63

A yerage
cost
per acre.

$ cts.
27 70
19 55
18 40
3,t 19
40 00
17 00
17 20
16 80
48 36

In purchasing land or stock and equipment, the settler makes his
own selection and drives the best bargain he can with the vendor.
Before the Board 'will purchase, it requires appraisal by its o\vn official,
in order to ensure that the expenditure of public money is safeguarded
and that no more than value is paid. In this \yay, the Board has
saved large sums of money to returned soldiers in purchasing land,
and an amount aggregating $3,632,421.36 has been cut from the prices
stated in the applications as the venqor's lowest price. This is an
average saving over the \vhole Dominion of over seven and a half per
cent.
In 1919 the Government gave the Board power to withdraw from
Forest Reserves land that was suitable for agriculture and the first
area \vithdra\vn was a portion of the Porcupine Forest Reserve in
Saskatche\van. This. was thrown open July 1, 1919, for free entry and
150 ne\v settlers went in and established a can1p. Burning of brush
land was undertaken, a station was built at Prairie River on the
C.N.R. and considerable \york has been done in order to afford
facilities for the new settlers. The Board also was given power to
declare "settlement areas" where lands are being held from cultiva-
tion. The Board may purchase these lands at a figure to be decided
by the Exchequer Court, if the o\vners are unwilling to sell at the
price offered. Other large areas of idle lands in the 'Vestern Pro-
vinces have come into the possession of the Soldier Settlement Board
and have been disposed of to returned soldiers. Some of these areas

SETTLgJ!E.VT OF' RETURNED SOLDIERS OJ.V FAR1IS 33

arc: 7S,000 acres of Indian Lands, ,vhich have been divided into
2kO farming units; 100,000 acres of IIud:-\on Ray L:111d:;;; 18,000
:lcr(':-; at Eastvie". (the Pope H:1neh); 10,000 acre,; of Doukhohor
Lanùs near I\..:ullsack. 1'he Boldier Scttlelllcnt Board has also nlade
arrangements ".ith thp 'Y(;
tcrn Provinces for the Fale of school
lands, (i.e., 1:1nd:"\ held in tru
t. for the hen('fìt of educntional iIl:-\titutions),
to "oldier settlers and lllany desirable farIns have tbus been secured at
very reasonable prices.
6\n illustration of thf\ 'work that h:t
heen accûmpli
hl.d in the
n
'v lanrls opf'nf'd for
f'ttlenl('nt is afTord('d hy the clpveloplHf'nt of
the Indian Hf'serves. For instance, on the Piapot Hescrvc ncar
Zehner, 8ask., ,,'hich ".a
entir('ly uninlprOvf'd at thc time of :::;ale,

plpndid progrp:-,:-; ha
}Wl'1l 11ladf'. Apart frolH ('r<\ctill
the nece
:-\ary
buildings and fenee
,
inking wells and putting up about 1,200 tons
of hay, 2,200 acre
have becn hroken and pr('parpd for crop in 1921.
On th(' Oehoapow:lcP Rp:-;prv(' 1,(j.')0 acres }wvc hP(,11 hrokpn, in addi-
tion to the erection of huilding:-\, fenc('c::, ('tc. 1'his rr
('rve i
near
'Vhitewood,
ask. On the l\Ii:"\ta".a:-:is and )[uskey I.J:lh.p l{e
erves,
".hich 'Vf're open('cl for :-\('ttIPH1Pnt in Augu5t 1 Ç)20, ('aeh of th(' :-\('ttJers
has hrok('n frolH 20 to GO acrec::. 1'ho sanl
dcv('loplnent is proccedin

in oth('r Indian Hp
erve
and in the gra .ing l('a
es 'whieh }ut\ e rev('rted
to th,.. Govprnnlent. On th(' Pope l.ea
(' Ilpar Calgary, AHa., ",ettlprs
hroke 2,ß31 acre
, erect('d Luilding
valued at
17 ,000 anù fencinp;
a t a co
t of "-2,ûO.j.
6\S ,,-ith thp land, thf'
l"t tlf'r nlah.('''; hi:-- 0" n
plpction of farm
inlpll'lllent
and
to('k, hut the Board (''X('J'{'i:-\t's fo'llp('rvi
ion in thf'
pllr('ha:-,c in order to ..:ccurc the ht'""t po

ible vahlP. By all arrangc-
1l1ent ,,"ith nlanufactur('r
of fann maehinery, "ragon
and other

quiplnPllt, a
ll h:"\t an t ial eut ill pri('("
i:-; gi yell rpturned HH'n, wit It the
r{,
lllt thai on pureha
c
alllounting to :"I14,O.:")3,t70.10 a Having of

SI0.33-LOG has bpen effectf'd. Li\re
tock to th(. value of
10,3G
,-
2;i9.11 }ta
heen pureha
pd for
oldi('r Ff'tt 1('1':". .All
toek all(I equip-
nlent i:-; pureha:-\ed hy the Board and n'....ol<.l on lien agreeln{'nt
.

\." no ca
h paYlnent i
r('quirf'd on stock and equipment the security
for the alJlount advanccd is th(' :::;t(wk and pquipnH'nt it
{'lf. Thf'
Board holds title in thi:-\ way to 38,3G3 hor::;es and G2,201 cattle as
"-ell a
to thou"ands of sheep, :-iwine, poultry and farm irnplf'ments.
The fono"Tin
figurE'

hO"w the averagp cost of livf'
to('k hy provincps:

P.E.I . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
X.s. .....................

.B.. ............. ....
Que. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SRsk... ..................
Alta. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B.C. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dommion ayerage.........
18427-3

Horses.

Sets.
186 66
144 04
163 77
127 54
142 22
l7S 28
166 16
142 80
152 84
]56 6.'>

Cows.

et J.
8
84
71 72
61 35
72 49
9R n
67 04
77 88
82 52
116 80
8
42

..,hcC'p.

$ cts.
10 95
11
9
9 24
11 90
14 51
1
38
11 28
12 20
15 29

12 66

Swme.

S ('ts.
18 64
17 71
15 82
16 39
18 26
15 39
15 17
18 80
15 28
16 99

Poultry.
Sets.
o 5.

100
o 89
o 91
o 77
o 9

090
o 94
o 77

o 82

34

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

The system of supervision inaugurated by the Boa.rd keeps
track of the operations of all the men to ,vhom loans are granted.
In the early stages of a settler's farm career he will be visited possibly
two or three times. The supervisor gives him advice concerning the
best methods to be elnployed in making the farm a success. He is
advised to purchase the live stock and machinery he needs, ,vhile in
all cases care is taken to see that he is not overloaded with implements
he does not need or ,vith stock he cannot feed. If the settler sho,vs
satisfactory progress, supervision is relaxed. I t may be, ho,vever,
that the settler will not accept the advice proffered. In that case the
supervisor can only assist in the purchase of his stock and equiplnent
and visit him to see that he is not ÎInpairing the value of the Board's
security. If it is found that the Board's security has been diminished
by the actions of the settler and that he is losing ground and will
not be able to meet his obligations, the matter of securing a return
of the land to the government comes up for consideration. It has
been noted that in many cases of failure the lnen have been those who
steadily declined to accept the friendly advice and assistance of the
supervisor. The field supervisor is in a position to understand the
needs of each individual settler and advises hÎIn as to 'what should be
purchased and what ,viII be paid for by the Board. If he buys stock
on his own initiative, he is not entitled to financial as:c;istance to pay
for it, unless the supervisor finds that he has purchased to advantage
and that the animals are necessary to his progress.
A Home Service Branch of the Soldier Settlement Board ,vas estab-
lished for the purpose of giving help and encouragement to the ,vives of
the settlers, Inany of ,vhom are from the Old Land. The Home Service
Branch has gained the hearty co-operation of such organizations as
the Red Cross, Canadian Patriotic Society, 'Y olnen's Illstitutes,
G.'V.V.A., etc. Free courses of instruction in home econonlÎcs
and farm subjects, such as poultry, dairying, etc., are provided by
the Board 'with the co-operation of Provincial DepartInents and
lnany organizations, including extension departments of the univer-
sities, Red Cross, etc. Thirty-three courses have been held and
approximately 2,000 'vomen have taken advantage of the instruction
offered.
For economy of administration and efficiency in collections,
standard dates of payment have been fixed in all contracts. In
Ontario and the east, that standard date is K oveJ1l bel' 1, and in
l\Ianitoba and west of that province it is October 1. In the fall of
1920. 12,361 settlers 'who had been established in 1918 or 1919 had
paynlents of
2,315,181.05 falling due. On l\Iarch 31, 1921, 8,993
or 72.7% of these settleff
had paid
1,159,569.57 or 50.1% of the
actual payments owing. In addition, 1,146 settlers made part pay-
ment in advance-that is, before they had any payment at all due.
These prepayments amounted to
794,122.90, so that the amount
actually collected in instalments amounted on l\iarch 31, 1921, to
$1,953,692.47. Considering the collapse of markets in the middle of
threshing, it is felt that the showing is a remarkably good one. Set-
tlers numbering 329 have repaid their loans in full. Of these 135

SETTLEltlh";.YT OF HETUll;.YJ..:n SOLDIERS O;.Y FARJIS 35

It RVf' "'01(1 ont and hayt' riYt'1I "up farrnill
, ".hill' 1 n-! :In' continuing
to oj)t'rate their fanu
.
By rea"'<.Hl of dpath, ill health, failure to :-;uccred, or lack of
desire to carryon, 1,170 loan h(,llefi('iarie:-: ar(.> ulldl'r adyi:-\l'lnellt as to
th(' d(':-;irahility of adj\1:-\tlll('nt. ()f 1 h(':-,(', 200 have 1)('('11 sold out
cOlllpletely. III th'...:e C"olllplpt'Ll C:l!-"
, thcrc was illv('
terl
708,-
70b.79, and t hp actual receipts on re-
alp ".rrr 711,33.>.80.
l'h(' 1 !t..O crop r('hlrIl
rpl'eivec.l by t}H' Hoard f'how a total of
:-\1:3,H.,,)3, 178 wort h of Illuin cro}):-\ produ('cù hy soldicr
('ttler
. ðOlne
of t hp chief itcnl
are:

" hf'at. Oats. ll'1.rlQ . Othpr Gr('pn Hn:r. Valu('.
l!Tains. f('('d.
hU
}1('I
. bUQJu"ls. bu<..hcl:s. bushcls. tons. tons. S
4,100 fiS, mo 1,
00 ) , 2.30 )
O 6,500 278,120
fuO 40..>lb ),)7 1,417 119 6, 9:
0 318,963
4,840 95,77,")
30 ,')00 278 9,705 :m3, 332
1,37ð 3a,419 2,75G 5,732 7,:>92 1,493 290,fl30
54,16'; 578,300 48, M.j 77,438 284 21,432 1, 2f1'"), 380
55,j,
04 8,")8,049 Ifì9,293 fi2,OOO - 74,:S05 2, 1fi8,000
1,124,46
1,b22,292 76,049 8G,28S 23,939 63,882 3,495,329
8\{G,644 3,146,572 241,814 57,105 31,339 102. 702 3,937,]37
59,lüS 230,3(\8 5,710 16, ISO 5,427 19,131 1.775,987
2,691,194 6,573,833 1 546,554 307,910 ()9,17S 306,080 13, 9b3, 178

P .E.!. . . . . . .
X.S........
N.H....
QlW.
Ont. . . . .
Man.. ...
Sask..... .
Alta. . . . . . . . . . .
B.C.. _ _. _.. _ . _ .

Canada.

PEl\'SI()
S.
The war co:-\t to Canada 56,634 lives, incilldill
2,b92 officers
and 53,742 of other ranks, a largc proportion of whom lpft deppndants
hehind thrln. Further, ß,347 offi(,f'r
and 143,385 of other ranks

u:-\tained wounds ,yhidl in a large l)('rrt'utage of ca
f'S pcrlnanently
iIupaired t}wir earnin
capaeity. It ,vas now inc\.ullbent upon the
Ila tion to reco
nizp it
obligation to 111akf' provi
ion for th(' f:lInilips
of tho
e who lo:"\t tlH'ir liye:-\ whil(' on Hetiy(' ...:prvicp, and for cOlnren-
sating a:-- far as po
:-:ihle the living for t he partial decline or the total
lo;o-:
of their carning power, (.on:--cqu('nt upon "-ound
recciypd whilf'
on active
('rvicE'.
inc(' hoth the co:-\t of li,
ing and the pn'vailing
rate
of ,,-ages ro:-,e continuoll
ly durin
the course of the ".ar, it ".as
natural and just that pension rates should be corre
pondingly increa
('d.
Before the "'ar the regulatiollf' regarding pensions 'vere contained
in the Pay and ...i\.llowance Rpgulations of the Department of l\Iilitia
and Defence. At that time pen
ion
,verp paid for disabilities and
deaths 'which re:--u1ted froln military service in the permanent force or
during paid
('ryice in canlps, etc., the pension for total disability
being only
150 a year.
A
soon as casualties began to appear in the Canadian Expe-
ditionary Forcf' thf' inadequacy of the pen
ions previously paid became
pvident, and on April 29, 1915, an Order in Council "yas passed amend-
ing the Pay and _\llowance Rf'gulation
and incrf'a
ing the pension
184:?7-3}

36

RECO
VSTRUCTI01V IN CANADA.

rates. In that Order in Council the rate for total disability ,vas
fixed at $264 per anntull, an amount ,vhich ,vas also fixed as the
pension for the ,vido,v of a III em bel' of the forces killed
n action.
During the next session of Parliament it was realized that the
rates of pension were still quite inadequate, and a Parliamentary
cOlnmittee ,vas appointed to consider the 'v hole question. This
committee reported to Parliament to,vards the end of the session
and as a result of its report, an Order in Council was passed on June
3, 1916 (P.C. 1334), putting its recol1l1nendations into effect. The
pension for total disability "'as raised to $480 per annum and the
pension for the ,vido,v was raised to :f!:384 per annum. Pensions at
the rate of $288 per annurH ,vere paid to ,vido,ved lllothers and inca-
pacitated fathers ,vho had been ,vholly or mainly dependent on the
f'oldier son. Previously the ,vido,ved lllother could get penðion only
,,,hen she ,vas dependent on her son.
The above rates relllained in force until October 20, 1917, ,vhen
a further Order in Council 'vas passed, again raising the rates as
fronl April 1, 1917. The pension for total disability ,vas fixed by
that Order in Council at $600 per annun1 and the pension for the
,vido,v and dependent parent at
480 per annun1. The rates of
pension for the childrpn ,vere also increased at this tiIne, ,vhile a
Iuarried boldier was allo,ved an additional alllount.
On December 21, 1918, a further Order in Council (P.C. 3070)
,vas passed ,vhich did not change the rates of pension but which
provided for the pensioning of a dependent parent at a partial rate of
pension, 'where such parent ,vas only partially supported by a deceased
son. It ,vas no longer neces::,ary for such parent to prove that the
deceased son had been the ,vhole or lnain support. An Order in
Council of January 2, 1919 (P.C. 3205), increased the allo,vances paid
for children.
During the session of 1919, another Parlian1entary C011111lÌttee
'vas appointed, which recol1lnlended, among other things, that the
pensions should be increased by a bonus of approximately 20
per cent, lllaking the pension for total disahility $720 per annunl and
the pension of the ,vidow or dependent parent $576 per annum. The
rates for the wife of a disability pensioner and for certain children
,vere also increased.
At the 1920 session of Parlialnent a further committee
recommended an increase in the bonus frorH September 1, 1920,
in such a manner that totally disabled soldiers no,v receive $900 per
annunl and the ,vido,v or dependent parent
720 per ann tun. It is
to be noted that the pension for a parent is contingent upon the
inconle of that parent. It is only ,vhen the parent has no income
whatever that the nlaxinlulll pension of $720 per annum can be paid.
In the case of a widowed lllother no deduction from pension is made
for her earnings or on account of her having free lodgings, or on
account of her having an inconle of 520 or less a I1lonth.
It is interesting to COll1pare the rates paid for the average family
since the beginning of the ,var. In 1914-15 a totally disabled man,

PEJ.YSIO.VS

37

wifp and three childn'n r
ceiYcd b27.50 a 11101lth. In HJ15-16 the

alllP f:nnily l"l'l"l'i\l'd
37.00 a nlonth. In ID1()-17 they "'(>1lld
receiye
;,)
J)O a. IHonth. III 1917-1
th('y 1"<'("pivC'd

2.00 a nlonth.
l.p to
eptC'lnher, IBI9, they rcceiycd
88.00 a 1110nth. J>uring the
year Sept(,luber 1, IH1H, to Augu'3t 31, 19:!O, they rc('eiyC'd
105.00a
1l1011th and frolH B('ptelH l)('r 1, 1 n:!o, they havp f('(,f'ivpd
137.00 a
Inonth, if they live in Canada, and
122.00 a ulouth if they live
out
idp of Cnnnda. rrhus the p 'nl..;ion for 1920-21 for a f:unily of five i

ahllo
t ('xa('tly fiye tillle
as ll1uch a
it "as wlH'I1 the war hC'gau, aud
i:-: two anù one half tÏ1ucs as Jllueh a:-\ it wa.... in IDIG-17.
'Thp pC'n:--ion for th ' widow has Ll'en incrca
ed in ahno
t the
nln('
proportion. In 19 ].)-1 () a ".idow nnd t hrre childrpn ".ere ent it led to

37.00 a 1l1onth, in IHlö-I7 to .o,')o.()() a Jllonth, in }917-I9 to
(jl.00
a nlonth, fronl
pI>t(,lllher 1, 1010, to \ug;Ul..;t 31, 1920, to "b1.00 a
Illonth, and frolll
ppt('IHber I, }!,:!O to
f)7.00 a ulonth, proviclp(l
h('
liyC'
in ranada and to
ð.,)J)O a Jllonth if :-;hp lives outsidp of (\uuula.
It hn
oft('n 1>C(,11 a
""ert('d that the pell,ioll
paid bY' Canada arc
larger than thu;:,e paid hy any other country in the ".orld. 1
hi
Wa

t he ('a
p up to the tillH' lcgi:-\la t ion Wa:- pas:-\('d in 1>('('('I111)('r In] U iu
the Gnited "tatc
. \ totally and pel"lnaul'lltly di:::ahlpd IlUUl in the
IT nited
ta tc-
rc('eiYt.
1,200 ppr HIlIllllll at thc prC'
cnt tilUP, ".hl'f('a:-;
in Canada he 1"('('eiYl's .....f>OO pcr annlln1. In tht' 1 T nitet!
tatl':-\, }UHV-
pver, there is no incrpu:-,(' ahoyl' the
1 ,20() per Hnnlll11 if th' Blan
hn:-; a wife alld f
unily. In thi.., way thp Canadian pe'nsion for a BUlB
and wif(' i:-\ ('qual to tit(' ratC' paid in thp l
nit('d State':,; for H BIHn,
wife and children. !;or in
t:lIl(,(" a Inall, wife' and three ehildrcB
rcccivp :'1,6-1-1.00 ppr ann\.lIn in Canada. lOhe Canadian ppl1:--ion i:-;
practically dOll hlc t Ita t paid in any ot her country cxccpt t he United

ta te
.
Canada \; p{'n:::-ion hill for thp year frolll
pptcnlber"l, 1 fJ20, to

\ugu
t 31, 1921, ,,'ill alnount to het,,'cen "'33,OUO,OUU anù
3-1,OOO,OOO.
There arc approxÏInately 83,000 di:-\ability and d('pendent pcn
iollS
and gratuities p
id or beillg paid and thp total nUluLer of per
ons
hcnefitting as a result of Canadian pension
i
approxinlatcly 17ï,OOO,
including t}l("\ wive:-\ nnd children of di:-\ahility I>('n
ionC'r
fllHI {'hildren
of widows of dpcc'l
ed n1('I11 herH of the for<'C'
.
During the 1920 :-c.......ion of Parlialuent thc j>pnsion _\.ct ,vhich
WH:-\ I>a

pd in the se:-
ion of 1919 was anlcnded in a number of paJ'ti-
tulnr::; which grpa tly ,,,id('IH'd the seopc of th(' I:nv. A. soldicr or

ailor pen:--ioned for dÜmbility nlay now draw additions to his pension
not only for hi
wife and childrcn, but also for hi" moth('r and fathe;
if he if'
upporting thenl.
If a
olùier or r-:ailor i:, totally disabled aud also totally helplcss
he l11ay draw as nluch as
730 a year in addition to any other pension
which he n1ay have. If a deeeased soldier or sailor \yas l-5upporting
his Illother or father a:-, ,veIl as his ,vife and children, pension may be
paid for all of thenl. Previou:-\ly, if the widow were alive, the parents
had no claim. If a deceased soldier or sailor was supporting both
his father and mother, they are both pensionable. Hitherto, only one

38

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

of them could receive pension. If a nlother or father of a deceased
soldier or sailor, while not dependent on their son, either previous to
enlistment or during his service have since fallen into a dependent
condition, a pension may be paid, in the discretion of the Conln1Ïssion,
provided the father or mother is incapable of earning a livelihood.
It 'will be seen that the rates of pen
ion in Canada are not only
higher in Inost instances than the rates in any other country, but
that the scope of the pension law is broader. Pensions are paid to
the disabled man himself, to his wife, to his children, and to his
dependent father and mother. 'Vith regard to a deceased man,
pensions are paid to his widow, his children, his dependent father and
nlother, his dependent younger brothers and sisters and to his depen-
dent brothers and sisters who are incapacitated from earning a liveli-
hood.
The following figures will indicate the extent of the pension
obligation and the manner in which it has been met:

PENSIONS AWARDED.

Year.

Disabil-
ities.

Depend-
ants.

Cumula-
tive
Total.

From commencement to Sept. 10, 1916.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,8â5
" " Mar. 31, 1917. . . . . . .. . . . . . . 4,047 4,395 8,442
" " " 1918............. . 17,327 10,492 27,819
" " " 1919... . . . . . . . . . . . 50,228 16.577 66,805
" " " 1920. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 84,416 19,794 104,210
" " " 1921... . . . . . . . . . . . 95,252 23,011 118,263

GRATUITIES A WARDED IN LIEU OF PENSIONS.

Number... . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

14,316 Amount paid thereon. $685,234 00

Thp. number of pensions in force on March :11, 1921 follows:-
Dependants.... . .. . . .. . . . 19,209 Liability.............. 812, 954,140 54
Disabilities............... 51,452 " .............18,230,69716.

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70,661

31,184,837 70

NorE:-Included in the above liability are allowances for 26,637 'wives and 36,985 children
ofldisability pensioners. and also 16,855 chiIdren of dependent pensioners, making in all
a total of 151,138 persons receiving benefits on March 31, 1921.

PROVISION OF RETURNED SOLDIERS' LIFE INSURANCE.
Life insurance is a great boon to the nlan of small or moderate
means \vho has others dependent upon him. By insuring his life,
he can at once create an estate for the Lenefit of his dependants and
is thus relieved fron1 anxiety as to \vhat ,vould happen to them in
case of his premature death. This resource is, ho\vever, open only
to the man of recognized good health and sound physique, and men
who have had to endure the strain and stress of years of fighting

l'RO
/S/U.Y OF llETURl'lBD SOLD/PRS' LIFB ISBUR.LYCE 39

rarely fall, or arc though!. to fall, within that cat('gory. Insurallce
COlupallics naturally look a
h.all(,c at the r'turned soldicr applicant for
ÏIl:-\urance.
The provi::::-ion of life ill
urance for rcturtlc(I ::,oIdi
rs ,,
:tS thcrefore
recognil(
d by the j)on1Ïnion GOYCrnnlellt to be a public duty. Under
ehnpter 5--1 of the t:::Itn tutc:-\ of 1920, pcrsonl;) don1Îcilcd and resiùent ill
rallada who
ery
d in the XavaI, ::\filitary or ...\.ir Forces of the
])on1ÌnioIl durillg the 'far lfiay ohtain life ill
UraIl('(' in :Ullonnts of
frolfi ""300 to :-;.>,000 at rate:") lower than the lowest quoted hy insurance
cOlnpanie::; for
inlÌlar iIl:-\\U:lIl{'l'. T'he' hf'nefits of the \et are also
('
te'nded to pcrson
who seryeù in the Illlperi:1I or .A\llicd Force::, if
they liv
<l in Can:ula prior to the ,var anù are rc""iùent ill this country
at the tiIne of application.
1"'he outstandillJ:!; feat urf' of t hl
t:;l"hl'111C i
that no Inedical exam-
ination i:-\ rpquir
d in order to ohtain the illsurnllc
. It is dc
igneù
to give the lllan wh()
l' phy:-\ical condition, by rca:::Oll of war service,
pr
vents hiIn frolll ohtaining r('gular in:-,urallce, nn opportunity to
protect hi
depclHlants. rfhe favourahl(' rat
:-\ arC' avnilablp to all,
no lllatter what IllaV be the state of their health. The C
overJ'lncllt
doe's not add a cent
to the rate
ehnrged to ('over the additional risk
of in
uring person... ,,"ho are not in J!ood IH'alth or to pay the c'X}Jcn:scs
of the aellninistration of thc scheIBe. In order to Illake it as easy as
pO
:5ible for the individual to pay for hi
insurancc, provision is
Blade in thp Act for the paYlllellt of prenlitnns 1110nthly ,vithout
additional char
e.
'I'he Cunadiau Pension .Act protects the ùppendulltfo; of returncd
boldiers who
e ùeath i
c:lu

d hy their military service. T'he l{eturned

oIdi('rs' In
urance _\.ct furni
hes the protection necc:-\
ary to the
dependants of ull IHen ,,'hose deaths subsequent to di:5charge do not
COU1P within thi
caf<'gory. There is, therefore, a clauRe in the
In:-\urance ...\.ct ,vhich proyid
8 that when a pen
ion is a,vardcd áS the
re"ult of the death of a person insured under its proyi:-\iolls the capital-
ized value of that pen
ion ,viII be deducted from any insurance benefits
hecolning payable. ',"hen thi
occur
, a proportionate part of the
prell1Ìullls paid, equivalent to the prclniunl which ,vould have been
paid on the total :unount deducted, is refundeù to the beneficiaries
with interest at four p.c. The' pen
ion paid to the soldier himself
ha
no bearing on thiç; clause.
.A.s the object of this insurance is to provide protection for th

dependants of returned soldiers, all policies issued are on the "life"
plan, that is, the benefit is payable only at the death or total and per-
nlanent di
ablelnent of the insured. Xo endo\vment policies are
bsued and the policy cannot be uscd as collateral for the purpose
of borro,ving nloney. rren1ÏUITIS 11lay be paid during; the entire life
thne of the insured, or for 10, 15, or 20 years, or until the age of 65.
The object of the term payment plans is to enable the individual to
pay for his insurance during the proùuctive years of life "Then it i'S
not so difficult to pay pren1Íunls as it might be later on.

.

40

RECONSTRUCTION IN CAf.."'ADA

The insurance benefit is payable one-fifth in cash at death and the
balance in annual instalments according to the choice of the insured.
Interest at four p.c., compounded annually, is aIIo\ved on the unpaid
balance. This form of payment is designed to protect the benefi-
ciary against making unwise investments and consequently losing
the benefit of the insurance; the experience of insurance companies
for years past has been that ,vhen life insurance is paid in a lump sum,
it is in a great many cases lost within a very short tune.
A further clause
.hich is unusual in a life insurance policy of
this nature provides for the paYlnent of a disability benefit to the
insured should he become totally and permanently disabled and ren-
dered incapable of pursuing a gainful occupation from causes not due
to ,val' service. The benefit consists of relief from all further payment
of premiums and of the payment to him of a. SUll1 equivalent to one-
t\ventieth of his insurance annually for a period not exceeding 20 years.
There are also the usual provisions for the surrender of the policy
for cash after it has been in force for two years or for an extended
tenn, and paid-up insurance should the policy holder find himself
unable to continue his insurance for the full amount. The cash value
of a policy is approximately the amount which has' been paid in
prenÜulns by the insured and in SOlne cases is slightly in excess of
that amount. The amount of insurance in force on July 15, 1921,
,,,,as
11,810,OOO; the amount received in premIums,
175,OOO; the
number of applications received, 4,025; the claims adjusted, 39;
the claims awaiting disposal, 33.

WAR SERVICE GRATL'ITY.

Soldiers returning fronl active service overseas often reached
Canada short of funds. Also, after years of service at the front,
they "Tere often unable to readjust themselves immediately to the
entirely different conditions of ordinary life. They needed a breathing
space to permit of a gradual transition and readjustment of their lives,
and both the Don1inion Governlnent and the nation considered
it inclunbent upon theln to facilitate the bridging of the gap and the
re-establishnlent of the returned nlen, by the provision of ,var seryice
gratuities.
The amount of ".ar service gratuities payable to nlembers of
the Canadian naval and land forces who served during the ,val'
aroused a great deal of public discussion, and ,vas the subject of various
Orders in Council, dated December 21, 1918, February 8, June 23
and Decelnber 1, 1919. As Bettled by the last nalned Order (P.C.
2380) the regulations provided for the payrnent to soldiers who had
8erv
d overßeas of gratuities equivalent to pay and aIIo\vances for
183 days, 153 days, 122 d3.Ys and 92 days according as total service
",.af' for three years, t\VO years, one year or under one year and for
pay and aIIo\vances to soldiers ,vho had served in Canada only for
92 days, 61 days and 31 days according
s service ,vas for three years,
t,vo years or one year, no payee to receIve less than $100 per month,

lr iR SERVICE GRA.TUITY

41

if lllarrif'd, or 1('...., than 7u per lllonth, if single. ,-r arious propo"als,

OIHP of t helll involvin
Inuch htrhCr pa}ïIlPnt
than t hc:.,(\, ,,('re put
forth Oil h('half of the r('tnrn('d f;oldiprs, and t he whole qlH'stioll was
the :-\uhject of exhau
tiyp inquiry by a
pe 'ial COlllluittcc appoinh'ù
hy re
olution of th
1-10\18<.' of rO)}UIlOnS on
('ptelnl)('r Ig, 1
19.
1'he ('Olnll1Ïttp(' pf(':-\('ntpd t}u'ir fourth and final rpport Oil Ol'tolwr
31, 101 U. In rejecting thr'
alternatiye propo..;als involving, in
addition to '-30,000,000 annually paid in pl"nsion
, expenditures
c
tinlat('d at
l,OOO,OOO,OOO for th<' fir:-\t, ;-.400,OOU,OOO for thp :spt'ond
:111<1
2nU,OOO,OO() for the third, th(' COllllHittce founù that uny one
of th('lll ".ould be sprioush" dptriln('ntal to the finaneial int'rests
of the country, 'nHlld in, òlvp ohligatiol1:-\ to n1l'(.t ".hich no
atis-
faetory
('h(,llle of taxation had hitherto h('cn devi:-\cd, and by inflating
the currency and thu"5 lowering thp purcha:-\ing powcr of IHoncy, ".ould
increase the high ("o:-\t of living 10 thp di:':l<lyanta ,(, of the :,oldiers
t}H'nl:-:elV('
.
l'h(' ('o:-\t to the eouutr," of the war io;eryif'e gratuities whieh "-ere
paid through thp Dcpartllleitt of
Iilitia and IJl'fence, W'll
.lpproxiln-
ately lG4,OOO.OUO.

l.nE"''':J(.:XC.
}
()R ('1\ IL """:R\ 1('" Po
ITIO

.

\
p('l"ial prefPrt'IH'P in f(':--IH'<"t of \"ae
uH'i('::; in tlH'
f'r\"if'e of
the DonlÏnion (}o,.('rnlll(,llt "...1:-: p:\t('nded tú f('tllrne I :--oldiprs by an
Urdf'r in Coun('il of Ft'bruary, 1 D 1 b, whif' h eon taill('d t h(' folIo'\\. ing
cIa u
p:,:-
(a) J n all ('olllpptitive e
alllÌnations h('ld under the Civil
S 'r\"ice _\In(,IHhllent _\ct, 1 HUh, pprsons ,,-ho have be('n on active

erviee ov('r
('a
in the Illilitary or naval for('e
of IIi:")
Iajesty,
or of any of the allip:; of lIb .:\Iaj<'sty, ,,,ho ha\"e left such f:eryiee
,vith an honourabl<.' rccord or ,yho have becn honourahly dis-
ch.....rg('d, and who obtain :,uffici('nt Inarkio; to pa:,:-) such pxanlina-
tiOIl:', :-\hall irn':'IH'ctive of th(' Illark
they hu\"P ohtained, be
phl{.('d in tllp ord('r of 11lerit on the list of suc('e

ful candidates
aho,-e all other candidatp
.
(b) 'fht"
)rovi
ion
of any :-:tatllte or ft'gulation prp:-\cribing
all ag<, linlit and phy
i("al rt'quirenH-'nt
with r(':-\p('ct to any
appointlnent in the Ci,.il
('rvice
hall not apply to any such
per...,on, if the COlnIHi:--:--ion c{>rtifil':-) that he ið of such an nge and
in
ueh a 'ati
factory phy:-:icul condition that he is then able
to perfofll1 the duties of the office and ,vill probably be able
to continue to do
o for a reasonable period aft
r hi:., appointInent.
These clau:.,e
,,-ere later incorporated into the Civil Service Act
of the saIne year (
-û George Y', chap. 12). The further concession
"-a
granted of exeluption fronl all e:\anlÏnation fees, ".hile by the
Civil bervice .A.lnen(hnent Act pab::5ed at the autumn bession of 1919
(10 Geo. 'T, chap. 10), all the privi}
ge
atcorded to the returned

42

RECOlvSTRUCTION IN CANADA

man were extended to the \vido,vs of those men who had died ,vhile
on active service or as the direct result of injuries or disease
contracted in connection therewith. Nurses ,vho had served overseas
\vere already included under the definition of "returned soldiers".
As a result of this legislation the returned man secured an
absolute lien on all positions for ,vhich he could qualify. Special
efforts \vere made to acquaint returned soldiers with the opportun-
ities thus opened to them.
As a result of the above policy, up to June 30, 1921, 31,333
returned men had been given appointIl1ents by the Civil Service
Commission, of \vhom 10,104 'v ere filling permanent appointments.
To a considerable extent, preference has also been given to returned
men by Provincial and municipal administrations.

FREE TRANSPORTATION OF DEPENDANTS FR01\l O'-ERSEAS.

At the outbreak of war thousands of men born in the United
Kingdolli .were resident in Canada. J\;Iany of them ,vere army
reservists, \vho immediately responded to the summons of the Mother
Country, while others \vent overseas with the First and subsequent
Canadian contingents. The wives and children of thousands of
these men returned to the old hOllie, in order to be nearer their hus-
bands and fathers,-and set an example which was followed by
large numbers of the wives and children of Canadian-born soldiers.
In many cases they went to England expecting to pay only a short
visit, but found themselves prevented by the unrestricted submarine
campaign from returning. At the date of the armistice it ,vas esti-
mated that there \vere 50,000 to 60,000 soldiers' dependants whose
return to this country was desirable.
As a result of the situation outlined above, arrangell1ents were
lnade by the Department of Imn1Ïgration and Colonization to provide
free transportation from the United I\:ingdoln, France or Belgiunl to
destinations in Canada of the wives and children under 18 years of
age of any men who served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force.
Conductresses, mostly \vith experience in travelling, nursing, etc.,
accompanied each ship and special arrangements were made at
Canadian ports for the reception and care of the travellers, \vho in
many cases were aided with funds by the Canadian Patriotic Fund
and cared for en route by the patriotic and charitable organizations.
The average cost to the Canadian Government was $50 per head, being
thus low on account of the large nunlber of infants and young children,
and of the very favourable rates conceded by the transportation
companies. The amount spent on this service, exclusive of cost of
administration, to l\Iarch 31, 1921, was approximately
2,800,000"
A further service of a minor character performed by the Domin-
ion Government for returned soldiers, was the redemption at par of
exchange of their English cheques representing pay and allo\vances

FREE 7'R
.LVSPORT
1 TIO
Y OJ' DRPEXD.LVTS FROJI OJ7'ÞJRS/iL1S 43

which had bCf'n paid in stcrling, al
o of '"ar servi('(' -gratuity and
p(\n
ion
payable to pre-war resiùcnts of C1.nada who had scrved in
the hnperial fon.es. The total
unount tlnls redccnlcd to
Iarch 31,
1921, wa:5 npPl'oxiJnatply ,....J -1,400,000, hut ,vhat it. C()
t the DOloinion
GOVCfllIllcnt to rcnù '1' this" 'r,.icc ha(l not hpen dcfinitrly a
ccrtained.

(;'\ 'L\Rl.

The approxilluLte tUllount
pcnt down to
Iarch 31, 1921, in
rc-cstabli:,hing thf' rcturn(>d. soldicrs, is estÏInated at 'l.l2,700,OOO,
dividcd a
follows: gratuiti(\s, :-; It) 1,000,000; pcn:-\ions, :"IUl ,000,000;
. rr-establislunent, 102,300,000; land >-:ettlenlcllt, .....
2,{)00,OOO; trans-
portation of dept'lIdantR, ':;2,800,000. '1"0 a
c(\rtain the total cost of
the entcrpri"e a
at\[ar('h 31, IH:!I, there "ill have to hp added to
this the capitalizpd value of a pen"ion charge' no"r e::5tinlatcd at
:;3;3,000,000 prr annlun. Ûn the other hand, it t:;hould he ren1Cln-
hered that the
2,ßOO,OOO :-:pent for land settlPB1pnt i:-; a :-\ccnred
loan which ,viII in tÏIne come back to the public funds.

III.-RECO
STRUCTIO
.L\\ro:\G TIlE GE:\ER..\L
POPULATIO:N.

rrhc ,var and thc effort..: ,\ hich have becn made tu re-cstablish
returned boldiers have laid vpr} hcavy burdcns upon the general
population of Canada, both in the present and for the future- a fact
,vhich ,vill have bcen realized hy the rcadcr of the preccding pages.
X ot to Incntioll non-rccurrent expenditure, the anlOUl1t paid as interest
on the Don1Ïnion na.tiona.l deLt in the fiscal year ended l\Iarch 31,
1921, as Rtatcd in the Canada. Gazette for
\.pril 9, 1921, was
.n29,-
118,279, ,vhile the pensions expenditure in thc saIne fiscal year
alnounted to
33,312,736 -a total rccurrcnt expenditure for these
purposes of ::164,4:31,013 a
compared ,vith $13,20,5,403 in the fiscal
year 1914 -an incrcase of .....151,22.:5,610-an aU10unt grcater than
thp total rcceipts of the Dominion Government on consolidated
fund account in the fiscal year 1915. For many ycars to come Can-
adians lllust expect heavy taxation, the silver lining to the cloud
bcing that the money spcnt in interest and in pensions ,vill nearly
all be spent ,vithin thl' country. It must also be remembered that
within a few years the probable decline in gcneral intere:-;t rates
,viII make it possible, by re-funding maturing obligations at lower
rates of interest, materially to reduce our annual debt charges.
If, then, taÀation is not to take from the average Canadian citizen
a much larger percent
lge of his incon1e th
tn before the ,var, that
income must be greatly augrnented by a general increase in the
productive efficiency of the people.
This de
ired increase in productive efficiency is chiefly to be
attained in the follo,,
ing ,vays: first and foremost, by an improvement

44

RECOJ..7STRUCTION IN CANADA

in the personnel of our people, an improvement in their physique
and their intelligence, and the application of these to the work of
sustained and co-ordinated production; secondly, by industrial and
scientific research, investigating our natural resources and revealing
methods in which our great potential assets may be converted into
actual tangible wealth; thirdly, by efficiency in extending and
co-ordinating our kno,vledge of the business of our country.
The Dominion Government has recognized its obligations to
action in these various directions, while it has also recognized the
fact that, to a considerable extent, action along these lines lies largely
within the' scope of the Provincial Governments, whose co-operation
it has invited and received.
Thus, for instance, in attaining the first of the desired ends,
the new Department of Health organized within the Dominion
Government has co-operated extensively 'with the Provincial Govern-
ments, ,vhile in the case of education the amounts paid under the
Agricultural Instruction and Technical Education Acts are entrusted
to the Provincial Governments for expenditure. Again, in the
pnterprise of securing a better record of our national activities, the
Don1Ïnion Bureau of Statistics has no fe,ver than 35 different arrange-
ments with Provincial authorities regarding the supplying to it
of information for conlpilation in the manner most advantageous
to the Canadian people.

TilE CO
SER\'ATION OF LI."E.

EcononlÏc prosperity, as ,veIl as civilization in general, is likely
to reach its maximum in healthy nations where there is a high average
expectation of life. The scientists of the ,vorld are in general agree-
ment that in no community of the present day is life as long as,
by reasonable care, it may be made. In the most advanced commu-
nities of the present day great numbers of children die ,vho have never
been producers at all, though throughout their short lives they have
been consumers of economic goods. They may, indeed, be said
to die debtors to society as ,yell as to the fan1ilies ,vhose care has
normally provided them ,vith the means of life. .Again, large
numbers of older persons die before the economic goods they have
produced are equivalent to those they have consunled, and many
others die before they have accumulated a surplus. Generally
speaking, the estates left behind at df'ath are greater in a measure
roughly proportionate to age !1t death, and, other things such as
natural resources and the effic1ency of labour being equal, the per
capita ,vealth of a country should correspond fairly closely with the
average age at death of its population. When for instance it is
remembered that, according to vVebb's New Dictionary of Statistics,
the average expectation of life of males in India at birth was in 1901
23.6 years as compared with 44. 1 years in England and \r ales, a
chief cause of India's poverty stands revealed.

7'IlH CO..\"8ERV_1 T1U.\ OF LIFE

45

'rhp 1l10Velllent for tht' pxtl'I1:iiun of lift' to it
po
ible linlÌts, is
a. natural rpaction againt;t the wa
tc of lift' in ,,"are It i
l"{>nRtruction
v('r
U:i dpstrurtion. "ïth this n}OV('nlent for life extpnsion is inf'x-
trieabh inyolYt'll tht' hpalth mOVt'IIlent. :\[orhiùitv
tatistics arc
still in' thpir infaney
hut llll'dieal t'xperts :u1l1 vital st:
tisti('ians,
u('h
as
ir
\.rthur Xpwf\hohne, a
ree that the Ìlllprovt'IlH'nt in tht' hpalth
of a population IH.()("('('(h
appro\..ÍIn:ttt'ly pari passu ,vith an ilH'rl':l:-\t'
in itR l()n
cvity.
A
rrganis the state of hpalth :unoIlg t hl' nations of to-day,
tht' reYt'latioIl
TI1adc bv thp t'nfor('('lneIÜ of the ùr'tft in :,u('h countrit's
as the l!llÌtl'(l Kin
doin :tIHl th(' Unit('(1
tatcs,
how 'd that thpl"('
"as an nppallinp: :unount. of ill-h('alt h :uHI of physi(':ll dpfp('t rVl'1l
anlOIl
thp young In:ll(' population of IIlilitary agt'. .As for Canada,
out of the
t)l.tj
),) young 1111'11 hetwepn 20 aIlti :
I years of ag(' lllf'dil'all
"
<.'x:unincd under tht'
lilitarv 5erviep A("t of l
) 17. no fp" ('r t hall 1
1.2;);),
or slight l:v nlorp than h:llf " wprc fOUIHl to he 1l10re or Ip:,
physi('all
.
unfit. rrlH':il' llH'1l wprp not, it i
trup, a fair
:lInpl . of the
pneral
population, ;-:il1('p hluHlrl'ds of thousand:i of tht' tit mpn of the:,('
ag('
had alrpady gOIH' Ovprsl"a
.
on' th' l('
:;, t h('
t a tpllH'nt
indi('at('s that tlH'r(' i
ahuIHlallt roülll for ill1}H.ovPIlH'nt in thl'
physi('a.l ('(}IHlition of the Canadian peoph' and ahundant justifica-
tion for the cstahlishml'nt of no national hcalt h aut hority.

t:ST\IU.ISlnlt::\T ()t' fin: UCUII:\'O", IU:P\ItTJIE"f OF JlE.\I.1'II.

The l)onlÌnion I)('partIu('nt of llcalth was pf'tahli:.;;h(\(l hy the
])pparhul'nt of IIpalth
\.ct, 191!) (9-10 Geo. V., ehap. 21).
The dutip:5 of thp ::\Iini:,tpr adlninistrrin
thp DepartnlPnt ('xtend
to alllnatters \vithin DonlÌnioll juri:;diction rela.tins to the prolnotion
of thp health of the Canadian peoplp, particularly co-operation with
provineial, tprritorinl and other health authoritirs for ill1provin
the
puhlic health and eonserving ('hild lifp. Thp l)epartment is also
given po'\"er tù rstahlish and Inaintain a national puhlic hpalth
lahoratory, to in
f>e("t anti give Inl'dical earc to ÏInmigrants an(l Hf'a-
Bien, to
upervise, as regarù
the puhlic hralth, all means of publie
transportation, as ,,'ell as Don1Ïnion publie buildings. Further,
th<.' Departmpnt b authorizpd to publish information relating to the
public health, ilnprov<.'d sanit.ation and thp social ànd industrial
conditions affecting the health and livps of the people.
\ Dominion
Council of Health "a
abo e:;tablished hy the Act, consisting of the
Deputy
Iini
ter of Health as Chainllan, the ('hief executive officer
of the Provincial J)epartnlent or Boarù of Health for each Province,

tnd otheT persons not <,xceeding five, appointed by the Governor
in CouncIl.
The organization of the Dpparbncnt of I-Iealth was rapidly
cOlnpleted, and the administration of the follo\ving Act:5 undertaken:
The Quarantine Act, thp L('pro
y Act, the Public ,\T orks Health
Aet, thf' Inedieal side of the Imn1Ïgration ..\.et., the Canada
hipping

.

46

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

Act, in so far as relates to sick and distressed mariners, the Adulter-
ation of Food and Drugs Act, the Patent or Proprietary Medicines
Act, the Importation and Exportation of Opium, the Commercial
Fertilizers Act, the Commercial Feeding Stuffs Act, the lVlaple
Sugar and 8yrup Act, the Honey Act, the Housing Branch of Housing
and Town Planning, the Opium and Drug Act. The Dominion
Council of Health has been established, and three branches dealing
with Sanitary Statistics and Publications, Venereal Diseases and Child
'Velfare are in process of organization. A. list of the publications
of the Department of Health ,vill be found toward the end of the
Admi.nistration section of the Year Book.
Even before the war it was beginning to be recognized that one
of the greatest menaces to the life and health of the human race was
venereal disease. The war undoubtedly increased the danger, as
millions of men were separated from their homes and families for
lengthy periods of time. In Canada a considerable amount of ven-
ereal disease has been found to exist both among returned soldiers
and the general population. In order to provide funds for combat-
ting these diseases the Dominion Government in the fiscal year 1920-
1921 granted the sum of $200,000 for the fight against venereal dis-
eases, to be carried on in co-operation with the provinces. Of this
amount $10,000 was to be gra.nted to the National Council for com-
batting Venereal Diseases, and $10,000 was retained for carrying on
the work in the Department of Health. The balance ,vas to be
divided among the provinces in proportion to population, the pro-
vinces accepting the grant agreeing to establish clinics 'with specialist
physicians in charge of treatment, and sufficient assistance to carry
on the 'work efficiently and free to the patients; to establish hospital
beds with free treatment to inmates of jails and places of detention,
to provide diagnostic laboratories for venereal disease 'work, with a
specialist in venereal disease diagnosis, treatment and propaganda to
carry out the venereal disease work of the provinces. The grants
actually made amounted to $93,767, 'while an itenl of $200,000 to be
spent for this purpose has been included in the estimates for the fi
cal
year 1921-1922.

ItECI

T PRO'"IX('I..\L prBLIC HEALTH LEGISLATION.
Public health is, of course, very largely a matter for the Provin-
cial Governments, and the amount of legislation directly or indirectly
concerned with public health has for some years been steadily
increasing. In the course of a brief summary it is impossible to
enter into details, but attention may be directed to the establishment
in Ne,v Bruns,vick by chapter 36 of the Statutes of 1918 of a Provin-
cial Department of Health, the l\Iinister in charge of ,vhich is under
obligation to collect vital statistics, to take steps to prevent or
suppress disease, to keep on hand adequate supplies of vaccines and
serums, and to disseminate general knowledge concerning the ways
in which diseases ma.y be prevented or cured. He is also empo,vered

HE "HST P!lUV/l\ "YI.1L PUBLIC IIE.1LTI/ LEGISL61TIO.V 47

to supprvit"f-' "nt('e "orks :LlHI :se".erng

ystem::; of municipalities
and to have
uch change::; lund(, as he d('('HlS n(\ce:-;
ary in the interest
of the public health.
By chapter 12 of the
a
katche,van
tatutcs of 1ül
-1919, thcre
\va
(':-\tahli
hed a Council of Puhlic IIc:\lth, consisting of a. C'Olllmis-
sioner, three other qualified Illedical practitionpJ"s and a qualified
veterinary
llrgcon. rfhe
oInlui
:-;ioner is to Illakp a special study
of the vital statí:;;;tic
of the province, tu inspect puhlic and charitahle
institutions :\IHI take what steps he eon:-\id('r
n('('e
sary for the
prpvention and buppr('

ion of cOllllnunicahle dis('a
es. lIe shall
have power to Illake rl' 1'ulations r('
nrdirlg the notifìeation of eOln-
Illunicahic di:-\en
es, i...;olation, the supply of 1l1edieal aid, vaecination,
di:-\infcction, the ins)> 'ctiun of slaught('r hous(,:5, cannpric$, etc., and
the nlcthod:s uf carrying on no}..iou:s :lnd offensi" e tradc
. .:\1 uniripal
couneil..: or COIIllHittcps chu:-\('n frolH :UllOllg their IllCllllH'rs shall also
be lllunicipal hoards of health. Evcry city in th(' Province
hall
:lppoint a nlcdiral hcalth officer, and oth('r muniripalitic:s Illay do
so and Inay abo cUlploy sanitary int;ppctors. \Vater supply plans
anrl analYb =" of ,vater Inu:,t be approvcd hy the rOlllluission(\r, as
,veIl as se'Yerag(' Ry
tClIl:-;.
In ..\llH'rta chaptf-'f 13 of the St:ltut('
of 1
'lb provid('s for the
e
tahlblllllent of ho-.;pital district'-, the organization of hospital
boards and the inlpu
ition (,f a ho
pital tax to provide funds for the
construction and upke('p of the ho:-\pital.
\. Dep:1rtIncnt of Puhlic
Health is establi-.;hed in th(' saIne provinee by chapter lü of the

tatut(;s of 191 9, ,,
hieh shall achnini:ster the pro,.ineial Act
rplating
to public' health, :-;hall coll('('t fa('t
and
t:lti:-;ti(':, relating th('reto,
and shall ùis-.;eulÌnatc sHch iufonnation as lllay be founù best adapted
to prolIlote health and to prevcnt and supprc

di::>case.
6\ct::> relating to tile notification of veneral di:--l'a
t', the promotion
of th(' IHo:4 scipntifi(' Inethod
of cur(', anrl the prevention of the
spread of su('h di
('ases, have ,vithin thc past fe,v years bcen enacted
in most of the provincc:;. This legislation may be brit.fly
ummurized
as indicating the 1l1cthod:; ,vhieh are being adopted in this regard.
By the Public Ilealth Art of
ova Scotia, Chnpter 6 of the
Statutes of 191ö, mf-dieal practitioners are placcd under obligation to
report tù District i\Iedical Health Officers by nUlnbcr pcrsons suffer-
ing fronl venereal diseaf'e, and by nalne person
so suffering but
refusing Inedical treatInent or acting in such a ,yay as to conducc to
the' spreading of the dise
lse. Persons of the latter class may be-
conunitted to places of detention.
ufferers may be treated free of
charge; only legally qualified medical practitioners are allo,ved to
attend or prescribp for such ('a
es.
By Chapter 51 of the StatutEs of 1
)19, Quebec provides that all
prisoners arrested for offences of a sexual character shall be medically
examined, and that where a prisoner suffering from a vpnereal disease
is discharged, the inspector of the Superior Board of Health for the
prisoner's home district shall be notified.

.

48

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANA.DA

In Ontario, the Venereal Diseases Prevention Act of 1918 pro-
vides for the examination of persons under arrest or in custody who
are believed to be infected with venereal disease, and for the treat-
ment of such persons. Further, 'where the Medical Officer of Health
is informed that any person in his district is infected with venereal
disease and has infected or is liable to infect other persons, he may
notify such person to produce a certificate from a medical physician
and he may give instructi.ons for detention and isolation of such person
if so infected. No person other than a medical practitioner may
attend or prescribe for cases of venereal disease.
In l\Ianitoba, the Venereal Diseases Prevention Act of 1919
provides for the compulsory examination and treatment, and if
necessary, the detention of persons infected, or suspected of being
infected, ,vith venereal diseases. Only medical practitioners are
allowed to treat such cases, such practitioners being under obligation
to n1ake reports upon the cases of venereal diseases coming under
their care.
In Saskatche\van, the Venereal Diseases Act of 1919 provides
that no person other than a physician shall attend upon or prescribe
for any person suffering from venereal disease, that persons under
arrest or in custody who are believed to be infected with venereal
disease may be examined and if so infected may be isolated and
placed under treatment. All persons reported to a medical health
officer as infected with venereal disease and as having infected or
being liable to infect other persons may be required to procure a
certificate from a physician. If this is not produced the medical
health officer may authorize the examination of such person and may
enter any house for that purpose. Advertisements with regard to
the cure of venereal diseases are prohibited.
In Alberta, the Venereal Djseases Prevention Act of 1918 pro-
vides for the examination of persons committed to gaols or in
custody, and the treatment of such persons 'v here infected. Also on
request or with the consent of the council of any municipality, the
provincial medical officer of health or any medical practitioner
deputed by him may enter any house for the purpose of examination
'with regard to the state of health of its inmates, and may cause the
detention of pErsons found to be infected with venereal disease.
In British Columbia, the Venereal Diseases Suppression Act of
1919 requires every medical practitioner and every head of a hos-
pital, public institution or place of detention to maintain a record of
all persons suffering from venereal disease coming under his treat-
ment or supervision. He shall report such cases by name or by
number to the Provinci&l Health Officer. If such persons neglect
treatment or appear likely to infect others, they may be committed
to a hospital or gaol until the danger of infection no longer exists.
Only legally qualified medical practitioners are allowed to attend
such cases.

PRuGRESS IN BDUC ITIOV

49

I-ROG IC.ESS I
t:u("c \TI():\.

N ext to phy
ical inlIH'OY(,lllf'nt of the p 'uple in this process of
recun
tructiun ClJnll.
their intellcctual inlproVclnent; in fact, froln
thc C'conon1Ïr point of vip"., tlu"lattC'r Inay "cll he the Ill0re iUlport:lnt.
Brains rather than hrute strength are what in our day
lllake increased
produetion possible by co-ordinating effectively the tasks of lahour,
and {'ffp('t ivply u:-:iug (':! pital to furt IH"r th(' ".ork of production.
rrhe cconolnic pro:-\p 'rity of bcutland ,vas pighty years ago attributed
by )[acaulay to th. e
c('llencp of the t;cottish educational systelu,
an(l his l'onclu:,ioll has sincf\ h('('OlllC a cOlnlnonpl
H'(".
\s S('utti:,h <"'x!>eriPHce show:" thp}'p e:l n h(, no greater PITor
than the a
Slllllptioll that only ,vhat ".e ordinarily call vocatiunal
education is cconolnir:llly productivp. 1"hl' hi
hlr cultural, highly
int(\l1('('tual Scottish cdueation of thl' nineteent h ('('ntury Illadl' 8rot:,-
Blen the industrial as ""ell a
the intellcctual lcadcrs of the world.
CaUa(!ï.l abo: ,,"hi('h has been c;:lllpd the
cotland of 6\Jncrira, enjoys
:t high reputation abroad as well a
at hOln<"', for th(\ excellence of
its acaJcBlÌ(' education.
.Acadclnic education, howeycr, is not ...uit \d, at le:lHt in its higher
grades, to the Ina

t'S uf the"' pcuplt
, nor dVl"
it yi{'ld ns spcl;(ly
dividcnd
on ìnve
tIllcnt as doe:-i vocational pducation. rrhc voeational
education given this yea.r to a boy of 13 or lü lllay ea:-\ily be bearing
fruit next
Car in his incrl'a
l'd productivity in aetual industrial life.
6\t u. time like the prc
pnt, thp:,e inUllediate n_\:-\ult
are what are needcd.

llOJU
IO
_\SSIST.\:\('
TO \ O('.\TIO:\.\L };Dt'('.\TIO
.

\Yhile educational a(hnini
tration is 3. matter for the provincE's,
the DonlÌnion (
ovenHncIlt, re('ognizin
the desirahility of supple-
ulcnting the Provincial funds available for such purposes, secured
even before the \yar the pa

age of the 6\.
ricu1tural Instruction Act
(3 G(,o. 'T., c. 5), undcr whi('h sUlns ag
regating
10,OOO,OOO "
ere
to be paid over to the provinces ,vithin the succecdin
tell years for
the purpo
e of aiding and advancing the farming industry by instruc-
tion in agriculture, ineluding under this head the ,vork carried on
by the veterinary colleges. l)uring rccent years the
rant for this
purpose has
lmounted to 1,100,000 per annum, the allocation of
,vhich among the proyince
in 1020-21 is given on page 2.
9 of this
edition of the Year Book.
In 1919, the DonlÌnion Government decided to a
sist the
provincE's in vocational edura tion for others than agriculturists.
By the Technical Education .A.ct (9-10 Ceo. V., c. 73), aid tv the
provinces ,vas provided for promoting and assisting technical educa-
tion in Canada by ilnnual g:rants commencing at
700,OOO and
aggregating
10,000,OOO ,vithin tf'n ypars. Out of the annual grant
each province is to rcceive 810,000, while the balance is to be divided
18427-4

.

50

RECO:-"TSTR[JCTIO
V IN CA
YA.DA.

among the provinces in proport.ion to their population as sho-wn at
the last decennial census. The grants to any province in any year
are not to exceed an amount equivalent to that ,vhich the Provincial
Govenuuent shall expend on technical education \vithin such year,
and the Dominion
Iinister of Labour is entitled to an accounting
for the Dominion moneys expended and to a report setting forth the
,york done in the province in promoting technical education.
The provisions of the r-rechnical Education
\ct have been taken
ach.antage of by all the provinces. Agreements subject to annual
modification have been entered into 'with Provincial Departments of
Education ,vith regard to the rharacter and scope of the work to be
done. I n the application of the Àf't, reference has been luade to the
rccomluendations of the Royal Commission appointed in 1010, and
aR a result it hnR been laid dOl\.n that the dominant purpose of any
course of vocational education is to train for citizenship, the fitting
for u
eful en1plo
vment. being regarded as the cro\vning element in
education. Emph
sis is laid on the development of character and
of ability to co-operate ,vith others.
The amount actually paid out under the provisions of the A.ct
dov;n to June 30, 1920, 'was $337,498, or less than half the total
amount of the grant. There is therefore ample opportunity for
increGsed aid from the Dominion treasury to the ftdvancing cause
of technical education in Canada. The reader is referred to page
129 of the Year Book for a
hort article on technical education in
Canada, find to Table 9 on page 142 for the number of vocational
schools, ,,,ith the teachers and pupils, for the year ended Junp 30,
1920.

REf1EXT PRO\"INt'I.\I.. LEGISL,\TIO
OY EDrt'ATION.

The education of the people is in Canada a function of the Provin-
cial (
overnment. The Dominion may, as \ve have seen, stimulate
certain types of eduf'ation by Rub
idies, hut the Provinces expend
these subsidies. In the past fe,," years much valuable educational
legislation has been pas
ed b
T the various Provincial Parliamenti3.
.Among this legislation is provision for more regular bchool
attendance. Prinf'e Ed,vard Island, for example, raised the require-
ment
of its compulsory attendance from five school years to six,
and the minimum yearly attendance luUst be thirty ,veeks in Charlotte-
to,vn and SUlnmerside and 20 \\.eeks else,vhere. ::\Ianitooa in 191ß
passed a compulsory attendance Act, requiring all children bet,veen
7 and 14, w'ho have not Inatriculation st.anding, to attend full time,
,yhile any pupil over 14 ,vho is enrolled must attend regularly. A
child over 13 may be exempted for employment for six ,veeks in the
year, but otllcr,vise the employment of children under 11 is forbidden.
The hoard of any district having an attendance offieer may compel
children to attend up to the age of 15. Thc most remarkable legis-
lation rpgarding school attendance is, ho,vever, that of Ontario.
In that provincc chapter 77 of the Statutes of 1919 maket:. school

UJ-:f'EX1 1 }'IlOJrl.\('LtIJ IJFOISIJ.1J'IU4V O.Y 1
'J)U(,4 T/O.V 51

attl'llcl:UH'1' c0l11}>ulsory during till' full
chool y('ar hy ehildren fro III
8 to 1-1 year
of agp, and plal'(\:' children h \twPl'll th(' agps of 5 and
8, if in actual attpndaIH'(', uIHlpr the S.UllP ohlig:\tions as thp othprs
to ath'nd full tllllP; it :llso provides for thp appoÎntll1pnt of an
att 'udaIH'(' ofIi('pr with POWPI'S of a l)l'acc ofI1epr in pvpry urLan
1l1unieipality and in rural Illunieipalitips, ('),.cPI)t ".here truant offiep1"R
nlrpady ('xi:-\t, thi
offif'ial to act undl'1" thp in:'}>f'ctor and provineial
attpIHlalH'p oflief'r; it also el11pO'Vers the provincial attcndanee
officcr to act a
trustrp in thr ca
p of unorganil.pd di-;trict:--. C'hapt('r
7
makp:,
ehool attpudalH.1' eOlnpul-.;or

for :Hlolp:-,(.pnts l)('t,n'('H
1-1 and If) YP
ir:, of ag(' who ha yp not at t:linC'd In:! t ri('lIb tioll
t:l.lldillJ.?;;
if C),.PIU ptp(l for any rp.
!--CJn t IH
y nl\l
t :i ttpud pH rt tinlP too hourR
a y('a1", and adolt':'('l'nt
lwt\\cPIl thp :,g('
of It) :i1HI Ib lll\l'st :ittpnd
3:io hour:, a yp:lr, ,dH'rp part tilllP instl'u(,tion i
within tlH'ir rl':tell;
cv('ry urhan IHunicipulity uf oJ.OOO or lllorp inh:lhit:lIlts nlus1 alHl othl'rs
lT1ay c'
t a bli:,h Inl':lns for pa rt tilIH' inst rUl't ion, t hp:,C' to l'OlllP undC'r
tl1('
l'hool hoard
; ('OIIlB1Pl"('ia I high ..whool:-; an' to hp lllldpr ("Ollll11ereÍ:.ll
eOllunitt \l'S; l'lnploynlPllt of adolp:,el'nt
i::; to ht'
ll:'I)('IHI('d during
the hour:::> of part tilIlP in
tru('tion Hnd thf':'p hour:-, ar(' to hp inl'ludpd
in thp legal hours of PB1}>lo
1l11'1lt. 'rhi.... la,,- ,,-ill ("OIU{' into forc('
for adoh'scent8 hptwppn 11 and lû YPtil'
of ngp in
('pt(,lnhpr, UJ21,
,vhil(' it i
pxpc("tc'll to l'Ollh' into forl.p for adol(':,('pn ts bet WPPH 1 ß
and IS YP:ì.l":-ì of ag(' in SPptpllllH'r, I H:?:t

'.
T..\ln.I
II'IF.XT 0'- GO\ F.R"I}:'T "Il ' LO,"'lt"" O"'I"It.}:

Phy
i('al perfection :lllli il1t('
lp('tllnl di:-;tinf'tion ftrp IHnvcvcr
alike unproductive if no pnlplo
.mpnt for tlH'l11 ('an hp found.
...\l"{.ordin
ly th(' (;ovprnll1pnt of (ianacla undpl'took in HHU to JH.oyide,
not only' for tlH' n'turIl(\d :,oldipr, hut for thp eitizPIl!' gpn(,l'ally, free
infonnatioll rpgarding PlnploynlPnt, Inaking th('
y:.:tcln of frpp PJ11plo.v-
mpnt ag('ncip:--1 :dn':id
. ('xi:,t iug ill ("prt:ì.in provilH"ps nu tioH-" ide.
II ('I"(' too thp :,y:,tpln acloptp,l 'Y
ì
onp of giving aid to the Provill(,ps,
the DonlÏllion GOyernnl('nt appropri:ì. ting hy thp ElnployuH'nt Offi(,PF;
Co-ordination ...\('t of IfHb,
.)(),O()O for tlH' fir:-ìt year, =-,100,OOU for
the
p(,olld year, Hnd t\LjO,OOO for ea('h sub:-\pquent
.car, to he p
lÏd
to the govenunents of the prOVil1('C.8 in th(' proportion ".hieh thl'ir
expenditure for tlu. maintl'luì.IH'{' of PIJ1ploYlnf'llt office:-; hP:ì r
to tlH'
total of t h(' eXlwHditun'
of all t IH
provilu.p::;, the paYlllPnt, ho,yever,
Bot to c'Xf'e('d onp IUì.lf of th(' (''''{J>pnditure hy the provinf'p. In thp
fi
cal year rnded
Ifirch 31, 1 n:!o, l7U.2:)() appli('ation:-: for ".ork
'Yf\1'e luadc to th(' offi('c...: of thp f)olllÏnion-Provincial Employnlent
Sprviee, -1-19,022 vacanci('.... WP1'P rpport('d by elnployer
, and 325,937
regular placement
, be
id{':, .) 1,()(j3 cnsual placPIHC'nt:" W(,I'P Inude.
Through thf' e
tahli:,hnlPllt of four f'learing-hou
es at
Ionctont
Ott:nva, \\ïnnipeg and \rancouver, applicant') for ,,"ork at anyone
enlploynlent office could he informed of vacancicð registered at any
other, ".hile a
pf\cial ratc of one cpnt per n1Ïle "'as arranged for
lS427-4i

52

RECOJ.VSTRUCTION IN CA.NADA.

their transportation. It is unnecessary to emphasize the importance
of the work of these offices in promoting the lllost effective distribution,
both by localities and by occupations, of the labour force of the country.
In June of 1921, there \vere 77 of these Dominion-Provincial free
employment age'ncies in operation throughout the length and breadth
of Canada. For details of the operation of these agencies and for
employment statistics the reader is referred to the Employment
sub-section of the Labour, 'Yages and Prices section of the Year Book.

IMPORTANCE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.

Scientific and industrial research, as is no\v generally agreed,
,vas the chief cause of the rapid progress of Gerrnany in the period
preceding the ,yare Germany, through her endo-wment of science, had
captured the chemical industry of the ,vorld, the dye industry, the
optical glass industry, and ,vas making great strides in electrical
and metallurgical industry. Her agriculture also reaped the benefit
of her assiduous devotion to chemistry, food production being greatly
increased by the use of chemical fertilizers.
The English-speaking nations, deprived at. the outbreak of the
\var of their supplies of chemical dyes, optical glass, etc., found it
necessary in the midst of the \var to create these industries for them-
selves, more especially as their products ,yere required in large quan-
tities for war purposes. In the building up of these industries, ho,,
-
ever, it was not forgotten that they would be fruitful sources of
incalculable ,vealth long after the ending cf the 'war.
In order that the establishment of ne,v industries might be
carried on upon the right lines, a Committee of the Imperial Privy
Council for Scientific and Industri3,1 Rese
rch ,vas appointed by the
British Government in July, 1915, ,vith an Advisory Council composed
of eight men distinguished in the scientific and industrial ,vorld
"for the development of scientific and industrial research", applicable
to the problems of the ,var and of the peace ,vhich ,vould follo\v the
war. Shortly afterwards a similar "Commonwealth Institute of
Science and
Industry" was established by the Government of
Australia.
Influenced by the same considerations, the Government of
Canada on June 6, 1915, appointed a Sub-Committee of the Privy
Council, consisting of the l\Iinister of Trade and Commerce (Chair-
man), and the l\Iinisters of the Interior, Agriculture, l\lines, Inland
Revenue and Labour, to devise and carry out measures to promote
and assist scientific and industrial research, \vith
view to the fuller
development of Canadian industries and production, in order that
during and after the present 'var they might be in a position to supply
all Canadian needs and to extend Canadian trade abroad.

S "IFXTIFIC .AXD ISJ)USTRl
tL RHSE..tllrll

53

1I0:\OU.\U\ \U\'I
()It\ eOL'('II. 1"01{ S(.IE
'fI"'IC \XU 1'''1
Tln.\L
UEst:.\ I{( 'II.

TTnder this t;uh-COlluuittce of the Privy Council there ,yns con-

titutl'd. on Xovclnbpr :!f), lU15, nn Ilonofn.ry Advi
ory Council
for
ciplltific :\11<1 Industrial H(':-\('areh, (,OJll}>o:-\etl of elevcn Inelubers
repres
nting the scientific and illdu:-.;trial int'rests of Canada, under
Proft'

or A. B. :\Iacalhuu, l\I.I)., Ph.J).,
c.]J., LL.J)., F.H.S., UR

\dnÜni
trativ(' Chainllan. rro thib Advi:-\ory rouncil werc a-.:signed
the following dutics:-
(a) rro ascertain and taùulat
the various research
agencips in Canada.
(b) To note and :-;chpdulp th(' re:-\carchc
and inve:'5ti
ations.
(c) To co-ordinate all l'l':-\carch agencics so as to prevcnt
overla pping.
(d) rro tabulate the tcehnical and scicntifi(' problClus
that ('onfront th(' prps('nt industrie
.
(e) To study th(' unu
ed natural resoure('s of Canada and
the Ly-produet":) of all ha:-\ic indu
tri(;
.
(f) Tu incren.
c the nUlllher of trained re
ear('h ml'n.
(g) rru
tinllllatl" the puhlie luind ill rq
ard to the ilnportance
and utility of
eicntific re:;earch and it:-; application.
Thp .\<lvi
ory Council, in earrying on it:i ".ork sinc(' its organiza-
tion, has initia t 'd variou::; a::;,i
t('( I r('
earches, the results of ,,,hich
bid fair to be of great value to the cuuntry at large. Notable amon

the
e is the attpJupt to secure fronl the li
nite of the ".e
t a fuel
,,'hich ".ill be of general u::;e to the pcople of the Prairie Provinces
for (lomû5tic and manufacturing pur1>o:-:c
. For domestic fuel nlonp
the people of
Ianitoha alHl Sa
kat('hewan have heen iInporting
annually frolll Pcnn
ylYania about half a. n1Ïllion ton
of anthracite,
in p:lynlcnt for ,,'hich ahout -1,000,000 has nnnually been sent out
of the eountry in n'ccnt ypar
.
\fter pxhall
tiyc e-xpcrilnents had
heen luade, the Adyisory Board succeedpd in producing a retort,
d

ignpd along ne". lint-s, ,,'hich ,vas found to have solved the prohlem
of carbonization. Attcntion ,va:-.; al:-::o giypn to the' prohlem of
briquetting. )[any ki
ld.5 and combination
of binders ,vere tried,
alHI the Board reached the conclusion that ,vith about 11 p.c. of binder
a fir:,t-cla:-\:-; saleahlc hriquptte cnn he nuulufacturc(l frolll carhonized
lignite. A cODunerci:ll ùelllon:-::tration plant has been ip. process of
construction at a point about half-,vay het,veen the mines of the

IanitolJt1. nnd
af'katche"\\ nn Coal Company and the \Vestern
Donlinion Colliers, and i
expected to be in full operation in 1021.
This plant is to haye a capacity of 30,000 tons per annum, and, ,viII
be of material assistance in solving the fuel prohlem of the Prairie
Provinces.

\.nother mo
t Î1nportant research a
:-\istecl ".ith funds by the
.\.clvisory Council, and carried on by Professor Alfred ðtansfield of
::\IcGill University, b the reduction of iron ores by gases at low

54

RECONSTRUCTIOJ.V IX CANADA

temperature and the electric furnace. The problem is to secure the
economic utilization of the enormous amounts of lo\v grade ore now
existing in Canada.
The results so far ohtained ".ith f;olid reducing agents are very
satisfrrctory and ,,-ill fonn a valuable basis for further attempts
either on a laborntory or a ,york seale to construct eontinuous reducing
appliances for iron or
. The iron ore, iron and steel and their pro-
ducts, annually importerl into ranr..da exceed $120,000,000 in value,
96 p.e. of the iron ore used in Canada bf'ing imported. If methods
can be found \vhieh ,viII make possible the eeonomic utilization of
the lo,v grade iron ores of Canada, the greater part of thi
importation
will be unneeessary.
For a research on the grn.ding of dairy products (cretì.m and
butter) a grant has been made to Professor \Vilfrid 8adler, of the
Department of Dairying of the University of British Columbia.
This investigation ,vas undertaken to correlate, if possible, the
grading of eream and butter \vith the bacterial eontent of the milk
or eream used in the preparation of these products. It is very
probable that the data \\Thich ,viII result from this investigation ,viII
make possible a uniform and standard system of grading \vhich ,vill
determine the keeping qualities of cream and butter from various
sources, all in relation to special bacterial forms present.
A grant \vas also given to Captain F. 1\1. Da\,.son to enable
him to undertake re
earches on the mieroscopic eharacter of cement,
in relation to its hydration and its physieal properties. Disintegra-
tion, through the action of alkaline soil ,vaters, has become a serious
menace to eement structures in Western Canada, \\-here it is found
necessary to replace conerete several tinles in a generation, the loss
being estimated in millions of dollars annually. It is not, as yet,
fully understood ho\v this disintegration occurs and in vie,v of the
importance of the probleln the llesearch Council proposes to under-
take it on a scale that \vill insure determinative results, if the required
expert organization can be eonstituted, and if it can provide the
required funds for this purpose.
An investigation by ProfeRsor ,Yo P. Tholnpson of the Univer-
sity of Saskatche\van, to produce a variety of ,vheat ,vhich \vill
ripen earlier than the l\Iarquis, be resistant to rust and have good
milling and baking qualities, is in progress. It has heen found that
varieties of \vheat. eultivated in the district and found to be immune
to the rusts prevalent there, may not ,vhen gro,vn in another district
be resistant to the rusts of that locality. It has further beC'n deU10n-
strated that \vhen a single ,vheat plant is inoculated with the rusts
froln different sources it is susceptible in a greater or less degree
to some of these, ,vhile it usuuJly is lnore or less resistant to the
rest. This has made it elear that there are strains of rust \vhich
differ in their virulence. Professor Thompson and his associates
have produced a nUlnber of hybrids \vhieh have proved resistant
to the rust strains investigated up to the present, but they do not
expect them to prove resistant to strains not yet studied. This

"('/FST//'/G .ÁLYf) IXDrSTR/.\L RFSE6\U('/J

55

Blake... i t IH'("('
:..:a r\
, 1 H'fol't, an v .1('('i:-\ivph
val ua hip rt'
ult s Ina y he
ohtain{'<1 in thc ÌH'odu('tioll l;r ("olllnll'1'
'ial ru...t-re...i:4an1 hyl;rids,
that tlu\fl' :-\houl.1 1)(' :t thorough invt':-\ti
ation tn dph'l"Jninc th<' tútal
nUlllhpr and ehara('tt'rs of thp rust :-:train:-\ of all th<' distriets in th('
,,"pstt'rn p1'ovilH'P'" and to a...<'prtain "Ill't h,,)' ne'" on(\:-\ an' ('oHtinually
ori
in:ltin
and if
t) 1.11ul 'r ,,-hat ('ondition
. Th(' att<'lnpt:5 to produce
n(',," ya riC't i('
of whpa t hy hyhridi7.a tion JIlU:-\t, t ht\fefore, to lw SUt'l'C:-:S-
ful, wait till '-'11eh an iu\.p:-:1 i
ation i:-: ('olllplC'tt'd.
In HHB, all \:..:..;(wiu.tf' ('oHlJnitt(,p ""as appoilltpd hy tht' Bp-

('ar('h ronneil, \Indt'r tll(' ('hainnanship of Profl':-\:-\ol" J. J. H.
[a("lcod,
of thl' Cniyt'1':..:ity of Toronto, to ('arr

on invp:--tigations in Canada
on indu:-:trial f
itig\H', a prohlC'lll whidl affp(,ts thp :-\oeial wplfarf'
of tht\ t'nti1'(, industrial púpulation. In ()('("('lulH'r, un
), it ""as dpeiclpd
1 ha tan i nforIn
i tion hun'a u :--hould 1)(' <':-\1 a hli
hpd in 'foronto, in
whi(.h all :l\.ail:d)}(. litpraturp p('rt:linin
to probh'lllS of inclu:-\trial
hygi('l\t.
nlight lw ('ol1<,('tl'<1, (,:l taloguP(1 an(1 a1>:-\t ractp( 1 and t ha t a

('("r('tar
. to the ('ollln1Ïtt('l' :-\honld 1)(' appointpd to und(\rtake tlu"

uI)('rvision of t h(\...(' d utips.
The Library thus p
tabli:-\lH'd, ("()Il:..:i:-\tiIU.
of o(,(,:l:-\ional J>uhli-
eation-.; of eOYCrnlllPnt 1)l'partnH'llt:-:, }'(\}>ort..; Oil scipntifi(' rp:-;('ar('h
aud tr:l(Il' :-\ur\"('ys. ('t('., anloun1:-ì to ut'arly four hUlldr(.d puhli('ations
and eovpr
the tipld of ind u:-\t rial hy
i('lH' fa irly (.0111 ]H'ph('n:-\i \"ply.
. \11 this IU:! h'rial and ab.o f('fl'r(')l('ps l'ollp('tpd froul a vari(,t y of
..;ourcps h:lvP hl'('1l ind('xpd. Th(" ('<Hnnlitt('p also :l\lth()rií'('d
the
clllploynH'nt of I)r. Cunninghalll, Ll'(.tn)'('r in IIHlu:-\trial IIYl-!:iC'ne
in the L"nivl'r:..:itv of 'foronto, to undl'rtakp cprtain illve:-;ti
ations
into the \vorkini (.olHlition
in Toronto and ncighhourhood. Thl"
Couuuittpe ('on:..:id('rpd that thp Ino:-:t
uitable ,,-ork for 1)r. (\lllllill
-
h
un to undt'rtake fir
t ".as all invc...tigation to a:-;('('rtain in ('('rtain
sp1<'<,tp<! hut rpp)'(':..:pntative indu:-:trip
t}1{
.ln1uunt of lo
t tilnt" due
to
i('klU':-:
, and the Hlllount of lahour turnovpr. ()1h('r problpJll:5
\\"(\1"(' abo, ho,,"evcr, bornp in JllilHI. l'hc 1))'plinlÌnary ,,"ork of the
(
Ollln1ittt'l' hu:-\ no". hpcn ('onlpl(\tpd nnd fi rpport of their ,\'ork ,,"ill
he publi:-\hpd hy th(\ I{(':-,car('h Council in th(' near futul"(\.
I)uring the la:-\t thr('e
.par:, f01"<,:-\t in\T:-\tigations have bpcn
conducted in the Ppttnva,va !{p::)prvl' hy t h(' Forc
try Hraneh of the
])l'partrOl'nt of th(\ Int(\rior ,vith thc aid of grant
fronl the I{csl'arch
Council. The ohject of t hi...
llr\.py i:-\ to (lplinp

tc and de:-\('ribe
the \"ariou:-:: forest condjtion
; to gathl'r data in n'
anl to topography,

oil. di:.::trihution of age cla

e
, gro"wth, available supply of
tnv
tinl})('r, etc.; in :-\hort, to ('oll('l't all sueh infonnation a
,vill be of
help in planning the organization all(1 lnanap;elnent of thp (\XI)('ri-
mental area. ..\.11 this inforIuation is to be used to dpternlÍne ulti-
luatdv the ;:;eientific eondition
on "which effective reforestation
Illar be carried on in Eastern ran
Hla. 1"'he data so far ohtained
are nunlerous and yaluable, but the ;:;11rycy and the neec:-:
ary inve
ti-
gation as
ociated .with it must be continued on a much larger scale
for at least ten years further in order to provide all the infollnation
necessary to attain the ultinlate object of thef'e studies.

56

RECOJ.VSTRUCTION IN C
4NADA

The Council during the year 1920 appointed a number of Asso-
ciate Committees to superintend special lines of research. Amongst
these is the Physies and Engineering Physics Committee, constituted
to deal ,vith all questions concerning researehes in pure physies and
also in physics on the engineering side. This Committee is composed
of the leading professors of physics in the universities of Canada
and it also contains in its membership a number of others ,vho are
engineers with special attainments in physics. .An Associate Biologi-
eal Committee ,vas constituted of the leading biologists, physicists
,and biochemists in Canada, to encourage research on problems in
marine biology and physiology. An Associate Committee on Food
Researeh ,vas appointed, composed of a number of biochemists
,vhose ,york ,viII be to investigate not only the vitamines hut also
any problem ,vhieh eoncerns the nutrition of the human subject.
A Fuel n,esearch Board ,vas also appointed. Its function::; will be to
standardize the coals from the various Inines of Alberta and publish
the results of its ,york, to guide the market in the use of these coals.
.A.n Åssoeiate Air Research Committee ,vas appointed to initiate
and superintend researches in problelns eonnected ,vith aviation.
This Committee is ,vorking in close co-operation váth the Air Board
of Canada, representatives of ,vhich attend its meetings and take
part in the ,york of the COlnn1Ïttee.
Since the ,val' ended there h3.s been a steady increase in the
number of qualified applicants for the Bursaries, Studentships and
Fello,vships instituted by the Research Council. During 1919-20,
six Bursaries, 19 Studentships and 7 Fello,vships were a,varded.
Before the beginning of the academic session 3 of those awarded
Bursaries, 4 of those awarded Studentships and 2 of those a,varded
Fello,vships had resigned them. T,vo of the FeIIo,vships were held
in England at the Unive.rsities of Cambridge and l\Ianchester, ,,-hile
the other 22 students were engaged in research ,york at various
Canadian universities. One of the most serious handicaps to research
work in Canada at present is the scarcity of highly trained persons
qualified to conduct researches and bring them to a suecessful eon-
clusion. This situation also exists in a smaller degree in both
England and the United States, and the only ,yay by ,vhich the need
of Canada in this respect can be met is to award to potential research-
ers during the next few years a larger number of Bursaries, Student-
ships and FeIIo,vships. The Researeh Council, therefore, decided
to 'a,vard for 1920-21 ten Bursaries, t,venty-five studentships and
ten FeIIo,vships, and it is intended to increase this number still
further as the supply of qualified applicants therefor may demand.

NATIONAL RESEARCII INSTITUTE.

The Research Council has, for the past t,vo years, urged that a
Central Research Institute be established at the earliest possible
date, whose functions ,viII be that of carrying on research not only
in pure science in relation to the st3-ndards of measurements, quality

.YAl1'/O.Y.1L RESE
lR
ll IJ.V::3TITUTE

57

antI eonlpo
ition of lüa.terials, but .Lbo in science HS applic(} to the
intlu
tri(-'8 of Canada. 111(' Council has
ivl'n this que
tion 1l1ueh
con
ideration and every a
pect has been reviewed. It is a question
which cannot be ignored or lightly con
ider('<l or postponed, and in
eon:-:('qUt'n<'t', it felt that it "as n<'("(
""

lry to (,Iupha
iz(' t hp urg<'ut
need of a H S 'areh In
titute, ,,"bich ,,"ould play thc part in Canada
of a great or
anilation for rcscarch, like the Bureau of Standard:;; at
\fa:-\hington or tht' Xational Phy:-:ical Lahoratory in Great Rritain.
1'he Council belie,. '8 that the e
t:lhli:-\hnlt'nt ofaXational Ites
arch
In
titutc ,yould con
titut(\ a factor of ovprwhehning inlportance in
det<,nnining 1 h<' dpvplopnlpnt of
cipntific antI indu:,trial rt'st'arch in
Canada and that the que"tion of instituting the proper fornl of
or
anization to guitI{' rt'se

rch in Canada, on it
rPßourccs and thpir
right and adequatp utili7ation, tnul:-\t.pnds in !lnport:1ncp allY otht'r
qu \
tjon that is hcfor(' the puhli(' today.
rrhp e
tabli:-\hnlcnt ofaXatiollal Bf'
e3r('h ln
titutc along
uch
lin('
,vill tw th"' first
tpp in the inlugur,ltion in (1anada of a policy
"hieh will ultilnatt'ly provi<lp for tht, fllll<':4
('ientific d('Yeloprn
nt
of all the f('SOUf('
8 to ellablf' her to fac' tht' future and all it
pcr-
plt'xiti(':-: ,,'ith sOlne dpgrl'e of cqn:lIlÏn1Ìty and preparcdne:--
.

I' CR}
.\S.. 01" OFFj{'I.\I." '-IT \ TI
T(( .
.

The unprecedented il1('rea

of the funetiul1s of the C;UVCf1l1llent
during the ,varied, in (1anada. as in Jlwny other ('ountries, to a great
incretl
e in the collection and u
e of official stati
tics. Better yital
statistics" ere needed, for exaluph"': in connection \vith .the enforcc-
Input of tht'
Iilitary
pr\"i(".e .Art. Illlprovt'd :-:tatistics of production
".ere required, in orùer to decide on que
tion'3 of food distribution
and of the allucation of the n1Íneral:::; produced. Expanùed trans-
portation 8t
lti:-\ties ""erc e:-:sPlltial to the co-ordinatefl Inanagelllcnt
of the raihnlYs of the country for the purposes of the war. Financial
statistics, in particular, becanlt' douhl
T important ".here financial
problel11S 100111e(} up heforc goyenllnents and individuals as a conse-
quence of ellonnou
ly increascd taxation and borro\ving. Even in
the actual conduct of the ".ar, the :4atistics of actual and pro
pective
f:upplie
of Illcn and nlunition
,,-ere of par:llllount inlport
nce in
deciding upon questions of ,var policy. Indeed, !\Iarshal Foch;
,,-ho in the later St
lgèS of the ".nr ,vas the g('neralis
inlo of the allied
and a

ociated arn1it's, is reported to hasc
aid that "statistic:::; ,von
the ".ar."
'fhether or not statistics ".on the ".ar, there can be little doubt
that
tatistics are going to have much to do ".ith the \vinning of the
peHCP. \n iInpoyprished "yorlel require:, greater efficiency in the
production and greater economy in the consumption of ,vealth ancI
in particular the most economical use of the depleted industrial
capital of the ,,-orId until that. resf\rvoir of capital is refilled by
current saving. These needs are experienced by Canada as ,vell
s
by the other countries ".hich participated in the war.

.

58

RECONSTRGCTION IN CANADA

N"E.
D OF A {'ENTRAL STATISTICAL OF}'ICE.
A coherent and eo-ordinated statistical system-a national
keeping of social and economic account
-is the very best means for
promoting the mo
t efficient and intelligent lnanagelnent of the
natiolltll business. This was reeognized in Canada even before the
,val', ,,"hen the Statistieal Commission of 1912 reported that "there
is apparent in the body of Canadian statistics, considered as a ,vhole,
a lack of coherence and COlnmon purpose," as a result of ,vhich the
scope of Canadian statistics had been restricted, ,vhile inevitable
duplication took plnce and the statistics "were unequal in quality and
value, as ,yell as belatpd in the time of their appearance. This laek
of unity and co-ordination has preyented true eomparisons bet,veen
Cannela and other countries. The rernedy for this condition of affairs
the Commission found in centralization-the creation of a Central
Statistical Office to organize, in co-operation ,vith the
evenll depart-
ment.s coneerned, the strictly statistical ,york unrlertakpn hy the
Dominion Government. rrhis office should, in conformity ,vith the
recommendations of 1\11'. .A. L. Bo.wley for a Central Statistieal
Office in the United Kingdo111, "have cognizance of all the statistics
of more than departmental importanee ,vhich are published officially.
l\Iisleading; statistics lnust be suppre
sed, overlapping must
be stopped, careful plans must be devised for filling in the gaps at
present left and preparations made for investigation of Inatters
likely to become of public importance. All Bills involving or affecting
the eolleetion of statistics should be considered by it. Publi-
cations for the use of the public should in some cases be edited by it,
with careful definitions, and ,vith short analyse::3 and critieism stating
accurately and intelligibly the purport and llleaning of their contents;
in other cases, ,vhere a department already exists for such publieation,
there should be co-operation '\vith a vie,v to carrying out the purposes
already indicated."
EST
\.nLISJI)IEN"T OF DO;\n:SIO
BUREAU OF STATISTICS.
The first step in carrying out the report of the Commi:5t.;Ïon ,vas
taken on June 19, 1915, by the ereation of the offiee of l)onlÌnion
Statistician, this officer being entrusted ,,"ith the direction of the
various statistical activities cOlllprehended in the propo:5ed scheme
of enlargement and centralization. As a result of this ,york, the
Act creating the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (8-9 Oeo. V., e. 43),
,vas passed in 1918.
l"'he Statisties Act is, structurally, a eonsolidation of the previous
statistical legislation of the Dominion Government, ineluding the
Census ...\ct, the General Statistics Act, the llaihvays Statistics
\.et
and the Criminal Statistics Åct, ,vith additions to render the scheme
comprehensive. Specific sections deal ,vith the decennial and quin-
quennial censuses of population and agrieulture, an annual census
of industry (to include mines, fisheries, forestry and lllanufactures),
the statistics of trade and commerce (foreign and internal), trans-
portation statistics, criminal statisties and general statistics. The
most signifieant section of the Act, ho,vever, is that ,vhich creates
the Dominion Bureau of Statistics and broadly defines its functions.

RS1'AULISlIJ1HN1' OF DOJll..VIO.V Bf lU?1(T OF S1'A1'IS1'lrS !j!)

Its dutil'
arc '.to coUpet, au:struct, cOlnpile and puhlish statistieal
inforIllation relativt' to tht' ('ollun('l"{'ial, indu:-,trial, :-,ocial, l'('OnOllli('
and g<.'neral aetiyiti('
and ('oIHlition of th(' ]wople," also to collahorate
wit h all other d('partllll'llt
of the (
o\"{'rllIlH'nt "in th(' cOBlpilation
and puhlicatioll of :--t
ltbtieal rl'cord", úf adlllini:-.trat ion." l'hp taking
of tlH' ePlbU
i:-; undt'r it
juri
di(.tioll, and finally th(' ..L\et IH'oyidl's for
provilH.ial eo-ojwratioll-,\.hieh Oil a('('Oullt of t hp (''\.tellt of IH'o\.ill('ial
juri
di('tion i
110 l('..;s eb
l.'ntial to :-,tati:-\tieal organilatioll thnn is (.0-
opera tion 1><.'t w('f'n J )olninion I)('p:trtIlH'1l t:-\ -hy a (' la U:-\(' Plla hling thl'
Bun'au to l'ntpr into arrangPBH'llt:-: for thp ('oll<'ctioll and :-\upplying
of
tatÌ::;tienl data through Provincial I)ppartJllPnts or ofIicprs, ".hieh,
,,'lH'll ('xt'<,uting an
. duty in t hi:-\ ('onnt't.tioll art' to he (,oll:-\idt'rpd a

ofIiepr::; ullder 1 he
t
ltisties .\t.t.
By all ()rdpr in (1ouueil pa
:,('d (h-t o1>l'r 12. 1 H 1
. t h<, gt'llt'ral
poliey guidiug t h(' :H't ivit ips of t 11<<' J )olllinioll Bun 'a u of
ta t isties
and its :--plH'rl' of :u-tioll '\"pJ"(' B10}'t' 1}J.t'ei:-\t'I
. dt'fillt,(l. 6\.11 purply

tati:..;tieal in\'e:-\tigation
r{'lativl' to tlU' ('Olllnl('f('ial. indu:-ìtrial,
:,ocial, ('('olloJnic and
('IH'ral activit ie's of t h(' IH'Oplt' \Vt'J"(' to bl' earripd ·
out in th(' ])olllinioll BUJ'('au of
tatistie:-" ..\40\ }'('gards rt'cord:-; uf a

t atisti('al ("har:I(,t('r in any Dppart IllPn t or Branch of t hl'
OY(,flUll('llt,
t IH
!)onlÌnioll
t a t ist i('ian "a:-: in:-\t ructpd to eonf<'r ".i t h t h(' hpad of.
:-;uch Ðt']>:lrtIHl'llt or Hraneh d\\'ith a yip\\" to arranging that
llch
records hp colll'ct<'d and (.'OJll pikd in su far a
po:o-:,i hIp in confornlÏty
,,-i t h tl1{' Ill(.t hod;-\ and or
:lni.lat ion t':-.t a bli:,IH'd in t h(' B UJ'(':LU, the
uhjpci of :-\lleh arr:ln
t'nlt'nt },t'ing thp In't., pntioll of o\l'r!appinl-!:, the
increa
c of ('olllparahility, and th(' utilization of d<'partlll('utal organ-
ization:-: in thp I)(':-.t ,,-ay for statistieal J>urpo:-'t'
..' l'ht, ])oulinion

tati
tician ""a:-\ al:-:o in:-\trllctpd to I'<'port at a:-i parly a. datp as practic-
ahle Ul)on the
tati:,t ical work of (':1('h Ðl'part nlent or Branch of the
puhlic
l'rvicl'. In ordpr furt }l('r to pronlut (' ('ffi ('iplley and ('('ollolny
it ,vas ord('rl'd t Ita t all
ta ti:-\tieal COlll pilat i()n
for the (;o\"prllllH'llt
:;hould hp earrÌ<'d out in :'0 far as practicable hy the nH.'chanical
appliances install<'d in tht' Burl'au of Htatistics.
At thp elo
p of it
initial ypar on ::\Iar<'h 3 L, lUlU, the Blll'<'aU wa

organized in eleven nlain Branch(':, at; follo,,":,: I, r\dn1Ïnistration;
II, Populatioll :lnd th(
(
ensus; III, 6\griculture; IV, Industrial
Cen
u
, conlpri..:ing fi:-\heric:;, furs, fore
try, dairy factories, lninc
,
central po,,'er
tation::" general nlanufacturp
and construction;
,
, External Tradp (Exports and Ilnl)ort:'5); YI, rrransportation;
'TIT, Internal Trad(', ineluding prict':-ì, ptc ; YIlT, Financp, ÏIH'luding
public and private finance, ,vealth, deht and taxation; IX, \.dminis-
tration of J u:;tice; X, Education; and XI, General ::;tatistics and the
rannda \
ear Book. The scope of th{'
e various brnnchps \vill be
better under
tood by ref('relH'c to the diagralll
ho\vin
the organiza-
tion of the DOlninion Bureau of Statistics appearing on page 61.
.\CTI\.ITI.

OF 'l'Il
ß1...RE \IT O}' ST.\TISTICS.
The sphere:-3 of activity of the various Branches of the Bureau
are described in detail in the first .Annual }{eport of the Don1Ïnion
Statistician for the fiscal year ended
Iarch 31, 1919, to ,vhich the
interested reader is rcfcrred for further information.

60

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

The Administration Branch is charged with the general executive
work of the Bureau, and acts as liaison agent between the other
Branches. It controls the floating staff of the Bureau, "rhich may
be transferred from one point to another of the Bureau's ,york as
required, and is also in charge of the mechanical tabulation, and of
the ,york of translation.
The Demography Branch is in charge of the deeennial census of
Canada, and of the quinquennial census of the Prairie Provinces-
the periodical stock-takings of the country. It is also charged .with
the collection of the vital statistics of Canada, 'which before the
organization of the Bureau had been in an unsatisfactory state,
collected on varying systems by each of the Provinces for itself, one
Province having no vital statistics at all. Follo,ving upon a cOJafer-
ence bet"\veen officials of the Bureau of Statistics and representatives
of the Provinces in June 1918, it was agreed that after a model 'Vital
Statisties Act had been passed by eaeh of the provinces, the Bureau
of Statistics would print and distribute the forms required and under-
take the compilation. Eight of the provinces have up to the present
time accepted the arrangement, ,vith the result that, for the first
time in the history of the Dominion of Canada and after adding the
figures for Quebec, it has been possible to furnish complete vital
statistics for Canada for the year 1920. The Demography Branch
is also charged ,vith the collection of the statistics of immigration.
An important work carried out by the Branch ,vas the compilation
of the results of the national registration of June, 1918.
The Agricultural Statistics Braneh, since its organization, has
succeeded in ending the dual system of crop reporting earried on by
the Dominion and Provincial Governments, ,vhich led to mueh dupli-
cation of effort and frequent differences of opinion in regard to crop
estimates. For 1918 and subsequent years the Dominion Bureau
of Statistics, in co-operation "\vith the Provincial Governments, has
undertaken the collection, by means of eardboard schedules filled up
by individual farmers, of the areas under field crops and the numbers
of farm live stock in each of the nine provinces of Canada. Cards
printed by the Bureau are sent to the Provincial Departments of
Agriculture, whieh by arrangement "\vith the Provincial Departments
of Education, distributes these cards to the farmers' children through
the rural school teachers. The cards "\vhen filled out are sent by the
teachers tó the Provincial Departments, ,vhich arrange them by
counties or crop districts and send them to the Bureau of Statis-
tics for compilation. Further, based upon material collected from
a large staff of crop correspondents, the Bureau furnishes much
valuable information regarding the erops to the public through its
l\lon thly Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics.
The main function of the Industrial C
nsus Branch is the taking
of an annual census of production other than agricultural. Among
the ,york done by this Branch is the collection (in co-operation with
Provincial authorities) of the statisties of dairy factories. Fisheries
statistics for the Dominion are also collected in co-operation with
the authorities of Ontario and Quebec, and the Bureau issues the

1C'fIVITIES OF TlIF B[TRJi:
lU OF' ST t TISTICS

61

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U

62

RECO_YSTRCCTIO
V IN CANADA

statistics for the Dominion in a report ,vhich is edited by the
Dominion Fisheries Branch. In a similar ,yay, for forestry statis-
tics, the Bureau ,yorks in close co-operation ,vith the Dominion
Forestry Branch and the Provincial Forestry Departments and for
mining statistic
in co-operation ,vith the Dominion DeparÜnent of
l\linet; and Provincial ])ppart.ments of l\Iines. As regards ,vater-
po,vers, again, a similar arrangement has been Inade lvith various
Provincial authorities, and the dat.a are revised by the Dominion
'Vater Po,ver Branch. ..As regards general manufactures, the Branch
sends out schedules to between 35,000 and 40,000 manufacturing
plants throughout the Dominion, and compiles the t-'normous
unount
of informati()ll thus secured.
The External Trade Stat.istics Branch, since its organization,
has been successful in e inlÌnating the prE'vious duplic.ation of public-
atioll
,vith the Customs Df'partment. At the same time it has
succeeùed in devising a ne,v system of classifieati.on of cOlnlnodities
imported and export.ed, ac.eording to "chief COITlpOnent Inaterial",
"pu]'po
e" and "source or origin". hnports and exports are c.lassi-
fied on this basis in Tables 10 and 11 of the 'Trade and Comm('rce
section of the Y par Rook.
The Transport.ation Branch of thE' Bureau of Statistics has
inaugurated a system of ,vater transportation statistics, and provides
monthly statistics of canal traffic. I t has alsa t.aken over the ,york
of the Raihvay St.atistics Branch of the Department of H,aihvays and
Canals, eliminating dupli
ation on many points and making better
provision for the statistif'al needs óf the Board of I
ailway Commis-
sioners. l\lonthly statistics of raihvay traffif', revenues and expE'ndi-
tures are a specially valuable feature, in vie,v of the existing raihvay
situation. Annual reports on steam and f'Iectric railway statistics and
canal statistics, as ,veIl as statistics of express comp,anif's, telegraphs
and telephones, are alsu issued.
rrhe Internal rrrade Branch is reaping thE' bf'llefit of various
statistical organizations created for the purposes of the war, espe-
cially in conne(.tioll ,vith its st.atistics of prices and stocks of
comlnodities on hanct 'The Braneh secures traffic returns from trans-
portation compani{>s and statistics of marketin
from the Grain
Commi:s:sion, fronl thf' Live Stoek Rran('h of the DepartmC'nt of
Agrif'u1t.ure, and from the Fuel Controller. It iR also taking over
the ".holesale price stati8tics formerly compiled and published by
the DppartInent of Labour. The Internal Trade Branch publishes
\vepkly statistics of grain in storage and grain Rhippecl, monthly
statistics of comnloditiC's in eold storagf', of live stock marketed at
puhlic. stock yards and visible supply of sugar, quarterly statistiC's
of sto('ks of ra,v hides and skins and annual grain trade and coal
tradf' reports.
The Financ.e Branch of the BUr(-'au of Statistics has up to the
present been mainly occupied ,vith problems of Dominion, Provincial
and municipal public. finance. The statistic.s of Provinc.ial financ.f',
published by thf' Provinces on Vf'ry dÜ.,similar li
es, hav.e h('('n
brought into such uniformity that it is for the fir:-3t tIme possI1
I
to
makp a comparative study. The same has been done for munIcIpal

.\c rIVITIFS uF rlI P UP)fE.l (T OF STA 1'181'/(,S ()

fin:UH'p throll
hout t h(' ))olninioll in tht. ra.:--t. of urban ('onllnuniti(.

of o,.('r :{.OOO population. .&\n illlportant contrihution has thu:-\ 1>('('11
luadp tù thp :,tudy of ci,'ic prohl(,IIlS.
T'ht' .1udif'ial
t n t i:-\t ic:-: Bran('h publi
hps ann ually tl, volunl('

howin
for l'aeh of t Ii(' I
IS judieial di:4 riet s of t hp l)oluinion st atis-
t ie:-, of t hp indiet ahlp and of t 114' Ilon-indi('t a hit' otTf'IH'f'S, ,,"h i('h ha Vp
hp('1l t'onuuitt('d. analyzNl in tllp nl():-,t nppro\"t'd wa
..
\ ;,eh('Il11' for
tl, :-\ilHilar <.'olllpilation of the :-,tati:-,tics of civil ju:-,tie(' i:-\ also und('1"
""a v .
. Tht' Edu('ation
tati:-\ti(.s firaut'h. aft('r having 1H'ld a eonf('I"('ncp
,,-ith t IH' Pr()\'in<.'ial ] )(,p:1 I"t nlt'n t:-, of Edut':t t ion rt'garding t h(' grpa t(\r
unifonnit y of Nlue:l t ion stat i:-\t it'
and 1IH' pJ'opt'r Sll hj(.('t
of
l)ollliniol}-\\ idt' ('dueation :-:tatistics. ha
b('glln thp ('olllpiiatioll of
sllt.h :-\t at i:-\t i(':-\ foJ' <.'('rt :tin pro,'ilH'P
. b('sid('s ("oJl('('t ing din.('t ly
:-\tati:-\ti(':, of pri, at,-
(.hool
and lllli\"t'r:-,itips and profpssional t'olk
('s.
It ha:-, r('('('n t h' issu('d t h(' fir:,t na t ion-\\ id(. ,. I1i:-\t( lI.ical
ta t ist i<.'al
L' f ) ' I . . . ( ' I "

urv('
" 0 <A u('atloll 111 an:H a.
Th(, C('IH'ral
tati:-,t i(':-, Brandl publi:-\hps th(' Canada YP:tr Book,
and has a d('vplop('d plan for a tHorp frN)upnt sununary of ('anadian
stati:-,tics whieh \\ ill d(','ot(' :-'J)('cial attpntion to tlu' ('UITt'llt pconolnic
tJ'pnd in Canada. It abo :,upplip:-, :l('(.uratp statistje
of Canadian
progrp:-,:-; to \'nriou:-\ ""ork:-, of ff'ff'rf"n(.p nnd an:,\\ pr:o; nUI1H'roU

inquiril'
frolH within and without tll(
(.oulltr
, whprt' inforInation
not falling within th('
('Opt. of oth('r Branch('s i
rp<)uirpd.
Pprhaps, ho\\"p\,(',.. th(' f!,l'('at('st :Hhalltagt' whi<.h tl1(' Bun':lu
otT('rs to thp Canadian ppopl(' ari:-,( s out of it:-, (,f'utraJizatioll. Its
] ntprnal Tradp, E\.tprnal rrradt' and Indu
trial (\'n:-\l1s BrandH':O;,
work in hallnollY \\'ith ('aeh oth('r upon a
inglt_" eo-ordinatpd plan.
rrhus, for installe(', whpre inforluation rt'
arding a e('rtain eOlnnlodity
i
d(':-\ir{ d, tIlt' Indu
trial ('PHS\1:-\ can furni:-\h th(' infonnat ion n'v;ar<1in

th(' produetioll of that e()nlnHHlit
, in ('nn.H{n, thp Ext('rnal 1'nltlp
Hranc'h r<'garding thf' iUl])Ortatioll or ('xporf:ttion of that ('olnnlodity.
1"'hp Int<'rnal rrra(h.. and Tran:-,portation Braneh(':-\, again, 11lay hp
ahlf' to :-\tatp the InanlH'r in whi('h that eOlnmodity is handl{'d. }n'
,,"hat I1l('ans it is tran:-\})()rtpd and at what pri('p, whol('
al(' or rptaiÌ,
it i:-\ :'01<1. 1"'hus tho:..:(' intprt,:--tt\d in th(' production of or in th(' trade
in an
. :-'l1('h c()nllllodit
. will find a g-rpat df'al of u:-,\'ful inforIuation
('onc('rning it fr('ely at tlu.ir di
po:-,aj in t h(' DOlninion Burf'au of

tati:-;ti('s.
Th(' IH.c:-,ent po:-,ition of the Ot)miniou Bureau of
tati
tie:-;, its
undprlyin!!: pllrpOH', it
ainl:' and ohj('ct:-\, arc well exprcs:-:ed in the
follo,ving quotation fronl thf' fir::;t .&\nnual Hf'pol't of the Donlinion

tati:4ician :-
" .A
\vill hf' f'vidf'nt, t h(\ oll

lni/.:ltiun of the Burcüu is :-;till in
proce:,:;, though thf' outlinc has becn tr:l('pd a n<l certain sections filled
in. E
p('cially "'ill it havt: bcen rClnarked that the Bureau has been
concerned thus far rather with f:;COpC of the
tatistics to hp secured
and the I1leanS of securing th('ln, than ,,"ith the methods of prf's
n-
ation an(I publication. Pron1Ïnenth y in Inind al:-\o has been the pOInt
of vic". :-\0
trongly elllpha
i7.('d during thf' ,nu that
tJ.ti:-;ti(':-; are not

64

RECONSTRUCTION IN CANADA

merely a record of \vhat has been, but are for use in planning what
shall be-that it is the duty of a statistical organization to assist
directly in the day to-day problems of administration, as ,yell as
to provide their theoretic background. 'V ork of this kind can
never achieve finality, for the field is too enormous and the need
of adjustment to changing conditions is constant. It is believed,
ho,vever, that the Bureau no,v embraces the fundamental subjects
of ,vhat might be termed a national system of statistics, organized
to meet the ordinary requirements of the Government and at the
same time permitting-as a matter of logical expansion and .with the
minimum cf derangement-the superimposing of such new approaches
or ne,v directions of development as occasion n1ay dictate. This
preliminary and foundational organization, it is hoped, will be com-
pleted during the year 1919-20, so that the census of 1921 may
proceed from a sound basis.
"Perhaps the culminating advantage in a centralized statistical
system lies in the related vie,v it permits and encourages of economic
and social phenomena. The social and econon1Ìc body is one, not
several-often conditions in a particular field can be illumined
best through another field altogether-and its observations should
be on that basis. The Government is more than a congeries of depart-
me!lts vested .with a series of administrative functions; it is a single
agency for the direction of national policy, to fulfil 'which duty a
broad and analytical outlook upon current trends is indispensable.
Such outlook a central statistical b.ureau from the amplification of
experience ,vhich it promotes is especially adapted to provide. The
organization of the "Genpral Economic Department" of the United
l{ingdom Board of Trade and the activities of certain universities
in endo,ving economic research are suggestive here. There is need
for a national "laboratory" for the observation and interpretation
of economic and social phenomena on behalf of the Government and
the production of monographs on features thro\vn from tiII!e to time
into prominence. It is note,vorthy that recent tendencies in scien-
tific thought are away from purely deductive reasoning and strongly
in the direction of the testing of such reasoning by inductive veri-
ficatory data. On no foundation could such a service be better built
than on that .which is no,v provided by the Bureau of Statistics."

In conclusion, it only remains to be said that the Dominion
and Provincial Governments of Canada, and .which is even nlore
important, the Canadian people, are, as has been seen more especially
in the latter part of this article, girding up their loins as their soldiers
did in \var, and increasing their efficiency in physique, in intelligence,
in production and organization, to meet the difficulties of the period
of reconstruction. Though time must pass and much must be done
before normal conditions are fully restored, the economic and
political future of Canada is assured.

Cll NO.\ oLO 'IC_tL II/STUR} UF ('A.N.l1J.l

65

II.- CIIRO
OLOGIC.\L IIISl'ORY OF CANADA

1497 TO 1920
li!}7. Junt' :!1, '
a=,tl'rn ('O:lst of Xorth H.:
:J.
\l1wrÜ.a dis('oYPT('(i h) John
Cabot.
1 W". Cahot di""Ì .ov('r:o. 1(Wboll Strait.
15
4 Verrazano pxplorn; t}1f' eoast of
:\0\"1),
cotia.
}''):3-I. .JUlU' 21, Landing of .J:H'qUI':"
Cartipr at Esquimau
Bay.
15:\5. Cart it'r's :O:('('OIui '()yagp. lip n:-;-
('l'l11is t h(' St. Lawrt nep to Htada-
('ona (Qw'ht'<<') (
ept. 11) and
lIoplH'laga ('font rt>al) (Oct. 2).
1;>-1-1. Cnrtipr'
thirrl VOY:l!.
('.
1.')4:!-3. Dt Hoht'f\'al at
Hi his part y
wintpr at Cap Rougp, find arp
fPst'u('tl hy Cartipr on hi:i fourth
V()Yahl
.
1;).')7.
"I;t. 1, J}t'ath of Cartipr ut Ht.
:\Ialo, Fraw'p.
1.
n
.
t rait s of J U:lll <It' Fuca dis('ov('r"cI
hv ({t' FU(':l.
Ino:t JtllH' 2:!. Champlain's first ImuIiIH..,
in C'mada, .1t (
tll'l)('(".
1 öO,'). Founrling of Port Royal (.\nna-
p()li
, X .8.). -
Inu
. ChaUlplain'
st'('ond visit. July
:
, Founding of Q\I( b,,(".
It)n
). .July, Champlain fii 'cOV(,I'::I Lah...
Champlain
UHO 11. Huùson (''.ploTt's IIud-.on Bay
an<l .J:lIJH'
Bav.
ltH 1. Brulé as('('ntls ihp ('ttawa Hiv('l'.
HH
. Oct. }.;, Champlain l11:ult
Li
\l-
tpnant-Gplwral of Xf'W Fran('P.
1H13. .J1IIW, Champlain aSCt'lH.l8 the
()ttawa Riypr.
H.lå Champlain ('xplor(':o
Lah.l..... Xipi:,-
:-;in
, II uron and Ont ario. (Ui=---
('ovpr('d hv Hrulé and Lp Caron.)
IHln. Fir
t
('hòols opPIlPd at Thrp('
Hivcrs and Tadou
8ac.
l()
O. Popufat ion of Qud)('p, GO ppr:-=ons.
162]. COrll' of laws issuprl, and rpJ!:i
tpr
of births, ({('aths awl marriage's
op('(wd in QlH'bf'c.
]622. Lakp SIlIH'rior dis('overpd by Brulé.
1ft!:
. Fir
t Briti:o:h ::;pttlplIlput of Xova.

eotia.
In
7. Xew Franpp and .-\.(':ufia grantNi
to thl' Company of 100 ..\ssociatps.
IH2ð. Port Royal takpll by
ir David
Kirk('.
1629. .April 2-1, Trpaty of Susa bC'twePll
Franpe and Englanrl. July 20,
Qu('b('(' takpn by
ir David
Kirk('.
Ht:32. :\la1'ph 29, Cana<la and Acadia
rp:o:torpd to Francp by t hf' Tn aty
of 8t. Gprmain-pn-Layp.
18427-5

:\lay :!:
, Champlain made first
Gt)vprnor of !\t'w Fran('p.
If;:U. ,July I, Foun<lat ion of Thrt't'
H.i\"f'rs.
If):J.I-:{:). E
p)orat iOI: of t!l(' Gn'at Lakt.s
by X t.'olpt .
}();t). j);,(.. 2.'), D,,'ut h of Champlain at
(
w'l>t'e .
IG;)tL )Iar('h 10, I)p .:\lontruaJ!:ny ap-
point ('<I GovP1'nOl..
If);j
. ,Junp 11, Fir:o:t n.('ordl el ulrth-
flllak' in Canada.
!t>>-!U. Dis('O,Ft'I')- of Lah.p Erip hy Chau-
1Iumot and Brc;hpllf.
11)-11. ]h'sitft.nt populat ion of
P'\
Fr:lIu'p, :!-10.
H.H
. :\Ia
. 17, fOlllHlill
of \ïll('-:\Iarip
(:\Iontrt'al).
] fHu. Explora t ion of t hp
:l!.
Ilf'nay hy
I )ahlon.
1t>>-t7. Lakp
t. .John dis('ov('r( d h

<It' c"ltH'u.
1ft I
. :\Iar('h :t, ('olll)('il of XC'\" Fr:lI)(,p
('rC'at(,ll. \ug. 20, J)' \.ill('hou
t
elf' COlllongt's, g()V
'l"nol'.
1tH
}.
[ar('h lü-17,
Iurd('r of FatlH'rs
Hrcht'llf and Lalt mant h.) In-
dian:-..
It.;)I. .Jan. 17, ell' Lauzoll go\tf'rnor.
It).),t. \llg., \(':,ulia tal,,( n h) an (''\p:'-
dit ion fr01l1 Xpw Eu,rluwf.
)1..).).
OV. ;
, ..-\c.adia f"('stofpd to
Fr:uH'P hy tIlt.. Trputy of \Vpst-
min:-:tpr.
H>.')ï. Jan. 2û, \ i .omtc d'_\'rU;Pll:-ion gov-
('I"nor.
It).)
\. .hl
(, H
, Frarçois fit' Laval
arJ'lv(,s III Canada. as \ïpar-
_ \p()
toli('.
Int>O. )la
F 21, Dollard dC's OnIl('all
and

ixtt't'n ("()1Bpanion
kill( d at HiP
Long
alllt, Ottaw
L H.iv('r.
Ih()l. Baron d'Avaugour govpl'nol".
1 t)1):
, Company of 100 .\.Bsociatf's dis-
:-;olvpd. Ft'h. .>, SPVPl"(' ('arth-
quakp. April,
ovpr('ign Conn('if
of X l'W Frarl<'p ('st ahlishpd. :\Iay
1.
affray dp ::\Iðzy
ovprnor.
Popu lat ion of X PW Fran('p
,.)OO,
of whom 800 wprp in (ìllph( c.
166-1:. :\Ia)', Company of the \Yest Indies
founded.
1665. ::\Iarch 23, de COU1'('pll(' govprnor.
Population of Xpw Francp, 3,215.
H)tjï. .J ulv 21, Acadia restorf'cl to Fran('f'
hv
tlw Treatv of Brf'da. \Vhite
population of Kf'W France,3,918.
161>s' !\Ii:-:sion at Sault Rte. :\Iarie
f(mnderl by :\larqupttp.

66

CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CANADA

1670. l\lay 13, charter of the Hudson's
Bay Company.
167f. Population of Acadia, 441.
1672. Population of New France, 6,705.
April C, Comte de Frontenac
governor.
1673. June 13, Cataraqui (Kingston)
founded.
1674. Oct. 1, Laval becomes first Bishop
of Quebec.
1675. Population of Xew France, 7,832.
1678. Niagara Falls vi
ited by Hennepin.
1679. Rhip Le Griffon built on ::\iagara
river above the Falls by La Salle.
Population of Xcw France, 9,400;
of Acadia, 51.5.
1682. l\Iay 1, de la Barre governor.
Frontf'nac recalled.
1683. Population of Xew France,10,251.
1685. .Jan. 1,
larquis de Denonville
governor. Card money issued.
1686. Population of
ew France, 12,373;
of Acadia, 885.
1687. ::\larch 18, La Salle assassinated.
1689. June 7, Frontenar reappointed
governor. Aug..5, lVlassacre of
whites by Indians at Lachine.
1690. l\1ay 21, Rir 'Villiam Phipps
capturf's Port Royal, but is
repulsf'd in an attack on Quebec
(Oct. 16-21).
169! E.eIRf'Y of the Hudson's Bay Co.,
leaches the Rocky :\lountains.
1692. Population of Kew France, 12,43l.
Oct.. 22, Defcncf' of Verchères
against Indians by l\Iagdeleine
de Verchères.
1693. Population of Acadia, 1,009.
1697. Sept. 20, by the Treaty of Rys-
wick, places taken during the
war are nn1Ìually re:stored.
D'Ibrrville df'feats t'he Hudson's
Bay Co.'s shipR on HudHon Bay.
1698. Xov. 28, death of Frontenac.
Population of New France, 15,355.
1699. April 20, de Callière governor.
1703. June 16, Sovereign Council of
Canada becomes Superior Coun-
cil and membership increased
from 7 to 12.
1705. Aug. 1, ::\larquis de Vaudreuil
governor.
1706. Population of Xew Francc,16,417.
1709. British invasion of Canada.
1710. Oct. 1
, Pori Royal taken by
Nicholson.
.1711. Sept. 1, Part. of
ir H. 'Valker's
fleet, proceeding against Quebec,
wrecked off the Sf'ven Islands.
1713. Apri1 11, Treaty of Utrpcht, Hud-

on Bay, Acadia and l\ewfound-
land ceded to Great Britain.
Aug., Loui
hourg founded by the

French. Population of New
France, 18,119.
1720. Population of New France,24,234,
of Isle St. Jean (P.E.I.) about
100. April 25, Governor and
Council of N ova Scotia ap-
pointed.
1721. June 19, burning of about one
half of l\lontrcal.
172:5. Oct. 10, death of Vaudreuil.
1726. June 11, Marquis de Beauhar-
noi
, govprnor.
1727. Population of Ne\\- France, 30,613.
1728. Populat.ion of Isle St.Jean(P.E.I.)
330.
1731. Population of the North of the
Peninsula of Acadia, 6,000.
1734. Road openpd from Quebec to
::\lontreal. Population of New
France, 37,716.
1737. Iron smplted at St. Maurice.
French population of the North
of the Acadia peninsula, 7,598.
1739. Population of New France, 42,701.
1745 . June 17, taking of Loui::;bourg by
Pepperdl and Warren.
1747. :\Iarquis df' La Jonquière ap-
pointed governor, captured at
spa by the English, took office
Aug. 15, 1749.
1748. Oct. 18, Treaty of Aix-Ia-Chapelle.
Louisbourg restored to France in
exchange for l\1adras.
1749. June 21, Founding of Halifax.
British immigrants brought to
X ova Scotia by Governor Corn-
wallis, 2,544 persons. Fort
Rouillé (Toronto) built.
1750. St. Paul's Church, Halifax (oldest
Anglican church in Canada),
built.
1752. l\larch 25, Issue of the Halifax
"Gazette," first paper in Can-
ada.. British and Gennan popu-
lation of N ova Scotia, 4,203.
::\Iay 17, Death of La Jonquière,
July, Marquis Duquesne de l\Ien-
nevillp governor.
1754. Population of New France,55,009.
1755. July 10, 1Ylarquis de Vaudreuil-
Cavagnal governor. Sept. 10,
Expulsion of the Acadians from
Nova Scotia.
1756. 'Val' (Seven Years') between
Great Britain and France.
1758. .July 26, Final capture of Louis-
bourg by thp British. Oct. 7,
First mef'tillg of the Legislature
of Nova Scotia.
175Ð, July 25, Taking of Fort Niagara
by the British. July 26, Begin-
ning of the Siege of Quebec. July
31, French victory at Beauport.

CIIRO,,\OLOGICAL HISTORY OF CANADA.

67

Fbt:-. :-'ept. 13, Ikfp:lt of the
Fr<<'I1('h on t hp Plains of ..\braham.
Dcath of" offp.
ppt. I-I. D('ath
of
Ionteahn. Hept. IS,
ur-
}"PI1<.I('r of (lw'})f'('.
17tÞO. ..\pril

. Yjctnry of th,
Fnn('h
lllHh'r J,pvi:-: at Htp. Foy. Sf'pt. 8,

nrrf'1Hlf'r of
Iontn'al.
lilit:llT
}"ult. :-,pt up in Can:lIla. Popul:
-
t ion of
<,w Franr.(', 7'0,000.
17t)
, Hriti:--h population of ::\ova :-)f'o-
t ia,
,1 04. Fir:-:t, Brit i
h
l'ttl('-
IIH nt in X('\\ Bruns" i<<'k.
17(>>3. I.'f h. 10, Tr..nty <<If Pari:-: hy whieh
C:lIl:ufa and it H rlf'P( ndf'nf'ic'!õ\ arf'
f,.tlft! to thp Briti:-:h. ::\lay,
Hi
ing of Indjan
und..r Pontiac,
who takp :1 111 II 11 1)(' r of forts :Ind
tldeat tllf' 13rjti
h at Blooù\" HUll
(July 31). net. 7, Civil tÚ)v('ln-
JUt nt prodaillH d. Cap(' Breton
amI blf' .";t. .1<-an :UlllP
f(I to
Xu,"a
('ot ia. l.nhrador, \nti-
f'f):-\t i and
Iagrlal<<'n h;lancl
to
Xf'wfoundland, Kov.
1. Gt'llf'ral
.'aH. :\[urray appointt'd J!OVf'nlOr
in f'hit f. First Canadian po
t
ofTì...
..
tahli
IH d at l\lontr<'al,
Thrn' HivprH nnd Qlwlw('.
17t.4. .June :!1, First i:-:su(' of tl1<' <'lup-
hf'(' "(;azf'ttp." ..\ll
. 1:3, Civil
goyprnlll('nt f'stnhli:-:h<< tl.
17ti.;. j>llhlif'ation of th.. first book
printnl in Canada, .ICat(.('hi:-;lIll'
tlu Diof'{'s<,,' dp
t ns." 1\lay lð,
::\1 on t rf':ll Ilt'nrlv (k
t rov(,d In
firp. Population of Can:Ïùa., UU;-
SIO.
17Ut). July 24, P. a.'p madf' with Pontiac
a t 'O
wt'g().
17G"'. Charlott(
town. P.E.I., foundpd.
.\pril II. Gr<<.at firf' at
lont rral.
.\pril I:? Bir (;\1Y Carlf'ton (Lord
nor('h(.
t('r), govprnor in (,hid.
1 'iÜtl, I
Jf' :-\t. .Jean (Princf' Edward
Island) :-:pparah.d from Xova

(.ot ia, "it h gOVf'rnor and counf'il.
1770-72. Ht'arIw's journey to t1w Cop-
pf'rminp and -,lnve Rivpr
and
nrpat
lavp I
ake.
1 'i73.
llppTfs
ion of the ordf'r of Jf'suit

in Canada and (.:-:cheat of tlwir
( staff b.
1774. Junp 22, Tlw Qut.bf'c Act passed.
1775, ::\Iay 1, Thp QllPbpf' Act comcs
into fon'e. Outbreak of the
Amf'ricnn R('volution. :\Iont-
gOllery and Arnold invadp Can-
ada. Xov. 12,
lontJ,!:omery
takp

Iontreal; Dcf'. 31, is
ddf'atf'd and killed in an attack
on QU(' bpc.
1 M27-5!

177t.J. TIlt, \mt'rican
nrp d('f('att'd and
driv('n from Caunùa bv Carleton.
1777. :-'f'pt. 1 S, (:(,IH'ral Frt'(}(:ri('k lIaldi-
lIland gO'.t'rnor in (.hid.
1 77'
. C,'pt ain .Ja
. Cook "
plo1'('s Xoot-
ka Hound and ('Iaims the north-
Wf'1't ('oast of AUH'ri('a for Gn'at
Britain. June a, Fir:-:t issup of
t I1p
lontrf'al "(;nz('ttp,"
1 7s:t
('pt. a, Trf'aty of V..r:-:aillps,
1'( f'oJ.!nizing t hp indt'T>endpnce of
tll(' l"nitc'd
tatt
. ()r
ani7ation
of tl1<'
orth\\rst C01npany at

Iont r('al. l\:iJ)
ston, Ont" and

t. John, X ,B" fOHlldp(1 by
t. nit<< d Empire' Loyali
t s.
17'4. Population of Canada, 113,012.
('nitnl EIIlJHr(' J ovalists s('ttle in
( . PIH'r C:1I1ada m{d found Frc.d-
ridon, :\ ,B. Aug. IU, .:\cw
BrllllHwi('k and (\ul!, :,?()) Capt.
Hrl'ton ::>pparntf'd froul .Kova

cot ia.
17
3. .:\lay 1
, Inf'orporation of Parr-
to\\ n (
t, John, X,B.).
17
tJ. _\pril 22, Lord Dorc!Icfo'tpr
o,.pr-
nor in f'hief. Oct. 23, Govern-
JlH'nt of Xt'w Brun:-:wit'h. lJlovpd
from
t. John to Frt'derif'ton.
17h7, c. In
li
appointed AUJ!:li('an
Bishop of .:\o\'a
cotia - fir
t ('0]-
onial hi:..:hop:'ic in t he Brit i:-:h
Enmirl'.
1 7

. h: ini(H Collf'
f', "
indsor, X .S.,
opf'nf'd.
ailinh paf'k('t servif'e
f
t ahli
h('(1 I-wtw('pn Grrat Brit-
ain and Halifax,
17
P. Qw.f1('f' and Iialifax Arrri('ultural
:-\(wiptÏt
('
tabli
hfd.
17UO. ;,pain surn'ndcrs her ('xeluf;i\"e
righto;; on the Paf'ifie coa"t. Popu-
lation of Canad:1, 1()1,311. (This
('('nsus dOf's not Ïllf'ludf' what
bp('OInlS in the next year L pppr
Canada.)
17tH. Thp Constitutional Act divides
t 11(' provinc(' of Quebec into
rP1)f'r and Lower Canada, each
with a Liputt'nant-Govprnor and
Legislaturf'. The Act goes into
for<'(' IJf'c, 26, ðcpt. 12, Colonel
.T. n.
imf'o(, Lieutf'nant-Gover-
nor of rppf'r Canada.
17u2. July g, Simrop sworn in at King-
ston. Sept. 17, First Legislature
of r pppr Canada opened at
!\ pwark (Xiagara). Def'. 17,
l'ïr
t Legislature of Lowf'r Can-
ada opf'ned at Quebec. Vanpou-
vpr 1
land cirf'unmavigated by
V an('ouver.
17tJ3. April IS, First issue of the Hepper
Canada Gazette." Junf' 28,

68

CHR01YOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CA1\?ADA.

.Jacob l\lountain appointed first
Anglican Bishop of Quebec. July
9, Importation of slaves into
Upper Canada forbidden. Rocky
lVlountains crossed by (Sir) Alex-
ander IVlackenzie. York (Toron-
to) founded by Simcoe.
17Ð4. Nov. 19, Jay's Treaty between
Great Britain and the "Cnited
States.
1795. Pacific Coast of Canada finally
given up by the Spaniards.
1796. Dec. 15, General Robert Prescott
governor in chief. Government
of Vpper Canada moved frOln
Niagara to York (Toronto).
1798. St. John'
Island (population
4,500) re-named Prince Edward
Island.
1799. April 10, Lieut.-General Peter
, Hunter Lieutenant-Governor of
Upper Canada.
1800. Foundation of X ew Brunswick
Collf'ge, Fredericton .(now Uni-
versity of N.B.) The Rocky
]\1ountains crossed bv David
Thompson.

1803. Settlprs sent bv Lord Selkirk to
Prince Edward I::;land.
1
06. Jan. 22, Francis Gore, Lieut.-
Governor of r pper Canada.
N ov. 22, IHsue of "Le Canadien"
-first whoIJ)" French npwspaper.
Population - Ppper Canada,
70,718; Lower Canada, 250,000;
New Brunswick, 35,000; P.E.I.,
9,676.
lS07. Aug. 29, Sir James Craig Gover-
nor in Chipf. Rimon Fraser
explores the Fraser River. Esti-
matf'd population of Nova Scotia,
65,000.
180!). N ov. 4, First Canadian steamer
runs from l\1ontreal to Quebec.
1811. Lord Selkirk's Rt'd River SettIe-
IDPnt on land granted by the
Hudson's Bay Company. Oct.
21, Sir Georgp Prevost, Governor
in Chif'f.
1812. June 18, Dpclaration of \tVar by
the Uniteò. Statps. July 12,
Americans under HuH cross the
Detroit River. Aug. 16, Detroit
surrenderrd b\r Hull to Brock.
Oct. 13, Ddpat of the Ampricans
at Queenston Heights and death
of Gpn. Brock.
1813. Jan. 22, British victory at French-
town. April 27, York (Toronto)
taken and burned by thp Ampri-
cans. June 5, British victory at
Stoney Crpf'k. June 24, British,
"nrncd by Laura Secord, capt.ured

an American force at Beaver
Dams. Sept. 10, Commodore Per-
ry destroys the British flotilla on
lake Erie. Oct. 5, Americans un-
der Harrison defeat the British at
IHoravianto\\lll. TecUlnseh killed.
Oct. 26, Victory of French-Cana-
dian troops under dE.' Salaberry
at Chateauguay. Nov. 11,
Defeat of the Alnericans at
Crysler's Farn1. British stornl
Fort Niagara and burn Buffalo.
1814. 1\larch 30, Alnericans rE.'pulsed at
La Colle. l\lay 6, Capture of
Oswego by the British. July ri,
American victory at Chippawa.
July 2.5, British victory at Lun-
dy's Lane. Jùly, British from
N ova Scotia invadf' and occupy
Northprn l\1aine. Sept. 11,
British defeat at Plattsburg 011
lake Charnplaín. Dec. 24,
Treaty of Ghent ends the war.
Population - L"pper Canada,
95,000; Lower Canada, 335,000.
1815. July 3, Treaty of I.Jondon regu-
lates trade with the enited
St.ates. The Red River Settle-
ment destroyed by the North-
Wf'st COlnpany but restored by
Governor Selnple.
1816. Mar. 2S, Sir John Shprbrookp,
Governor in Chief. Junp 19,
Governor Spmplp killed. Thp
Rpd Rivpr Settlement again
destroyed.
1817. July f8, 1<-'irst treaty with the
Northwest Indians. Lord Sel-
kirk restores the Red River Set-
tlenwnt. Opening of the Bank of
l\10ntreal; first notp issued Oct.
1. Population of Nova Scotia,
81,351.
1818. Jan. 6, 1\lajor-Gpnpral Sir Pere-
grinE.' l\tIaít1and Lieut.enant-Gov-
ernor of lTppf'r Canada. l\1ay 8,
the Duke of Richmond Governor
in Chief. Oct. 20, Convention at
London regulating North Ameri-
can fishE.'ries. Dalhousie College,
Halifax, founded. Bank of
Quebec foundE.'d.
1819. Aug. 28, Death of the Duke of
Richmond.
1819-22. Franklin's overland Arctic ex-
pedition.
1820. .April 12, The Earl of Dalhousie
Governor in Chief. Oct. 16,
Capf' Breton re-annexed to Nova
Scotia.
1821. March 26, Thp Northwpst Com-
pany absorbpd by the Hud::;on's

('J1HO.\OL()GIC.tL J1I
TUH} UP fYAX.tD.1

fjg

Pa\ COllman\"o Chartt'r
i\"Pu
to "I("(
iIl'CoÌlc'l.!:e.
I"':!:? Populat ion of 1 owpr Canada,
-I:!7,IH5.
1
:!4. Population of rpp('r Canada,
l;)O.Ot.ö; of .:\pw I3nm
"i('k,
7-1,17H.
l
:!.-). Oc.t. H, Cn'at tin> in tht'
Iira-
mil'hi di
triet, X. B. ()pPllinJ! of
tIle' La('hinp Canal. Populat ion
of Lowpr Canada, -t 7!1,:!'iS.
1
:!ß. Founding of B
to\\Ïl (Ottawa).
IS:!7.
(.'pt. :!H, Con\"t'ntion of Iondoll
n'!ating to tile' ftorritorv w(':-.t of
t Iw I{oeky mountain
: Popula-
t ion of Xo\'a f'c'ot ia, ÏIu'luding
Capp Brf'ton, 1:!:J,t.:m.
1
:!
. \uJ!. 2:3, 1\lajor-G('I\('ral Rir .John
ColLorne LiNlt('nant-(3o\"prnor
of 1 ppt'r Canada. 1'11(' .:\lc.t ho-
di:--t Chureh of Lpppr Canaùa

p:lrat('(.1 from that o( t}U'
1 llJt 'd
tat,:-:.
1
:!n. Xo,
. :?7, Fir
t ',"cHand Canal
up('nNi. l"pppr Canad'l Coll(.'
p
founckd.
lsao. Xo\". 24, Lonl \\"llIwr (;o\"('rnor
in Chipf.

1"'
1. .Junp 1. T}w Xorth :\Iagn('ti(' Pol{'
di:';('ovprC'd by \
ir) J3nlt'S Hos:;.
Population - 1
pp('r C:lIlada,
:?;Jt>,70:.!; I o\\,pr Canada, ':>53,]31;
.\s:-:inihoia, :!,:
!)O.
1b3:? Outbreak of clIol('ra in Call3da.
hH"orporat ion of Qupl)('c and

lontn.'a1. Bank of Nova
('otia
foundt'd. )lay :
O, O}>l'ninK of
the Ridpall Canal.
J
j3. AUI!. l
, Thp f'tpamt'r Royal Wil-
ham, built at (luphpC', !t'aYPb
PiC'tou for Englanù.
]
:H. F('h. 21, TtH' XiIl('ty-h\o ]{f':"olu-
t ion
on publiC' J!:ripYanC'('
P<l::'
.d
bv till' A:-;
PUlh]\" of Lowpr Can-
a;13. :\Iar. 6. . Incorporat ion of
Toronto. Population of LPlwr
Canada, 321.145; of Xf'W Bruns-

ç
C'
: 119,4,')7; of ..\,:-;iniboia,
.
,.
.Jl).
U

:
j. ,July 1, Lord Gosford Govt'rnor
in Chi('f. Xo,
. 30, :-;ir Fran('i

Bond Head I.iputt'nant-Govt-'rnor
of rpppr Canada.
Ib;
ti. July 21, Oppning of thp fir
t rail-
way in Canada from Laprairip to

t. John's, (lup. Vi('toria rni-
vprsity opened at Cobourg (after-
ward:-: mov('d to Toronto).
1
:37 }{pport of thp Canada Commis-
:-:iOIlf'r!'l. Hehel1ion
in Lower
Canada (Papinpau) anò Ppper
Canada (\Y.L. !\la('kf'nzie). Xo\".
23, Gas liJ!hting first used in

\luntrd\l. f)pl'. :!:!, \lajor
GClh'ral
ir G. \rthur Lit'utpu-
:lIlt-Go\.('rnor (If {'pppr Carmela.
1

. F('h. 10, Con
tit ut ion of 1.ow('r
Canada suspc'ndc'd. and Rp('{'ial
Council cre'ate.d.
Ian'h 30, 'l'hl"
Earl of Durham (;ovc'rnor in
ChiC'f. April :?7, 'lartial law
rC'vokC'd. .June' :!S, ..\UlIlC'sty to
politic'al pri
0I1t'rs proc'laimc.d.
Xu\". 1. Lord })urha1n, cpn:mred
hy Brit i
h parlial1H'I1t. rt
iKns.
I)t'c'. 13, :-\ir .John ColhornC',
(;OVt'I'Ilor in Chi. f. Populafion
t.pp<'r C:mada,
!ÞH,4:!:!; _\!,o.sini-
hoia, 3,!löt>; X o\"a Scot ia, :!O:!,-
:>75.
If':m. F('h. 11, Lord Durham':-; rc'port
b\lblUit t pel to parliaulf'ut.
c'pt.
H. C. POHle-tt Thom:-:on
Lord

.dpnham) (;O\.(,l"nor in Chipf.
.John ;-;t raehan llladC' first .AnJ!li-
('an Bi:--hop of Toronto.
lh-U). .J uly :!a, Pas:-,ing of t}tp . \ct of
Cniou. Fir:-:t :--hip of till' Cllnarù
Jirl(' arrivp:, at Iialifax. July :!
,
el('at h of Lord Durham.
IhU. Ft'b. 10, l'nion clf tll(' twù prov-
ÌIwt.'s as t hp provinc'l' of Canada,
with hinJ!stun as capital. Fpb.
13, I )rappr-O
ckn Admillist I"a-
tion. ..\pril 10, Halifax incorpor-
atc,cf. .JUIU> 13, lIlPe'tillg of firl':t
unit('d Parliawc Ill. H. p1. 19,
})path of Lord
\"dt'nham. Ud.
7.
ir Char}c s Ha
ot (;ovc'rnor in
Chic'f. Population of l TppC'r
Canada,
.).\f)Sð; of P.E.r.,
-17 ,O-t
.
lð I
.
lareh 10, Op
'nillg: of QU(,C'Il'

Cniv<'rsit\., J\.ingston. Aug. 9,
T})(, A.....hl;urton Trc'atv.
('Jlt . Hi,
Baldwin-La l:ontain
' \òminis-
tration.
1
43. Fl'b. 2-1,
ir Charl('
:\lptC'alfp
Governor in Chipf. .Junp 4,
Victoria. B.C., foundpd. J)(,c. 12,
Drapl'r- Yigpr .\dlninistration.
"King's (now rnivprsity) Colh'gp,
Toronto, oIwn('(l.
Ib4!. ::\lay 10, Capital lIloved from
l\.in
<.:ton to ::\Iontrpal. Knox
Colll'gp, Toronto, founded. Popu-
lation of LowC'r Canada, 697,084.
lE>45. ::\Iay 2
anù .JUllP 28, Great fires
at Quc'bpc. Franklin starts on
his last Arctic> pxp('ùition.
\b4t3.
Iar('h 16, Earl Cathcart Gover-
nor in Chit,f. :\Iay 18, Kingðton
inC'orporatpcl. .Junp 15, Oregon
Boundary Treaty. June 18,
Drapfr-Papinpau Administration.

70

CHROJ..OLOGICAL HISTORY OF CANVDA

Oct. 1, The :Ii;;.1!"] of Elgin Govrr-
nor in Chief.
18-17. .l\Iay 29, Sherwood-Papineau Ad-
ministration. Electric telegraph
opened: Aug. 3, l\lonÌ1"cal to
Toronto; Oct. 2, 1\Iontrcal to
QUfbfC. Kov. 25,
Iontr('al-
Lachine railway openrd.
18-18. l\larch 11, La Vontainp-Ealdwin
Administration. ::\Iay :30, Fred-
ericton incorporated. Respon-
sible' Government granted to
N ova Scotia and
oy Brunswick.
1849. April 2fj, Signing of the Rrbcllion
Losses Act, rioting in 1\Iontreal
and burning of thp Parlian1Pnt
buildings. :Kov. 14, Torunto
made the Capital. Yancouyer
Island grant{, d to the Hudson's
Bay Cornpany. Populat ion of
Assiniboia. 5,3Ul.
1851. April ô, Tranfflr of tlw po:-;tal
system frem the Briti:'5h to the
Provir cLtl Govcrnnlf'nt; uniform
rate cf postage introduced. April
23, Postage stamps i
:-;Uf d. Aug.
2, Incorporation of Trinity Col-
Ifge, Torcnto. Sf'pt. 22, qUfbrc
bfcomcR the Capital. Oct. 28,
Hincks-l\Iorin Administration.
Re:-:pon
ible Govf'rnment grantrd
to Prince> Edward Island.
Population - r ppf'l' Canada,
952,004-; Lower Canada, 890,261;
:Kew Brunswick, 193,800; Kova
Scotia, 276,854.
1852. July 8, Great firf' at l\Iontreal.
Dec. 8, Laval Vniversity, Queber,
opened. T}lf' Grand Trunk Rail-
way chartered.
18.54. June 5, Reciprority Treaty \vith
the rnitfd Htatcs. Srpt. 11,
l\Iacnab-.:Uorin ministry. Hept.
20,
ir Edmup-d 'Y. Head
Govprnor in Chief, Hcigneurial
tenurp in Lower Canada abol-
ished. Secularization of the
Clprgy Rrscrv('f;.
1855. Jan. 1, Incorporation of Ot tawa.
Jan. 27, 1\Iacuab-Tarh(. Admin-
istration. 1\Iarch 9, Opening of
thp Niagara Suspension Bridgp.
April 17, Incorporation of Char-
loth,town. O(.t. 20, Govern-
n1ent moved to Toronto.
1856. The Lrgif'lativp Council of Can-
ada is madp dcctivf'. First
merting of thp Lrgislaturp of
Vancouver Jsland. - 1\Iay 2-1,
Taché-J. A,
Iacdonald Admin-
istration. Ort. 27, Opening of
thf' Grand Trunk Railway frotn

1\Iontreal to Toronto, Popula-
tion of ARsiniboia, 6,mn.
18.37. Kov. 26, J. A. l\Iaedonald-Cartier
Administration. Dec. 31, Ottawa
chospn by Queen Yietoria as future
Capital of Canada.
1858. Feb., Discovery of gold in Fraser
River valley. July 1, Intro-
duction of Canadian df'cimal
curffncy. Aug. 2, Brown-Dorion

\dn1inistration. Aug. 5, Com-
plf'tion of the Atlantic cable;
first mp
sage' sent. Aug. 6,
CartiC'r-J. A. 1\Iacdonald Admin-
istration.
-\ug. 20, Colony of
British Columbia establi:-;hed.
Con trol of Vancouver Island
snrl'fnderrd by thp HE(h;on's
Bay Company.
1859. Jan., Canadian :-;ilvpr coinagt:>
issued.
fl't. 24, Governlllent
1110vn! to QlH bcc. .
HmO. Aug. 8, The Prinre of "-ales
(King Edward VII) arriv(-s at
QmbEc. Sept. 1, Laying of the
corner stonp of t}l(' ParlianlCnt
building at Ottawa by thp Prince
of 'Valpf':. Prince of "
ales,
College>, Charlottdo\vn, founded.
Ibß1. Aug. 14. Great fluod at l\lontreal.
Sept. 10, l\h'( t ing of the fin
t
An
lican Provincial Synod. K ov.
2, Visconnt l\10nk Governor in
Chief. Population, Upper Can-
adD, 1,396,091; Lower Canada,
1,11],;)66; Kew Brunswi('k, 2.j2.-
047; Nova Scotia, 330,857; Princp
Edward Island, 80,857.
18t>2. ::Ylay 24, Sandfield .l\Iacdonald-
Sicot.te Administration. Aug. 2,
Vict.oria, B.C., incorporahd.
1
63. l\1ay 16, Sandfidd 1\lacdonald-
Dorion Adlninistration.
1
64. 1\larch 30, Taché-J. A. :\Iacdonald
Admini
tration. Conff'rf'ncrs on
Confederation of Briti
h ::\orth

\lIl('rica; Hept. 1, at Charlotte-
town; Oct.. 10-20, at Qupbpc.
Oct. 19, R.aid of American Con-
ff'de>ratfs from Canada on St.
Albans, Vermont.
186.5. Ff'b. 3, The Canadian Lf'gi
Ia.turc
rpso}vcs on an ad(lrrs.. to the
Qu('cn praying for Union of the
provinces of British X orth
....\nH'rica. .Aug. 7, Belleau-J. A.
lVlacdonald Administration. Oct.
20, ProcIanu.ttion fixing tlw seat
of Government at Ottawa.
ISß6. :\1ar. 17, Tprmination of th('
Reciprocity Treaty by thp "Lnited
Stat.es. l\Iay 31, Raid of
Fenians from the {Tnited States

CIIRuXOLOGICAL II/STOll}. UF CA..Y.IDA

71

into C:lIlada; tlH'Y art' dt'fpatpd
at H.ic1gp\\ ay (.Jurlf' :!) and reU.pat
:1<'ro:,:::\ tilt' hUrllt'r (Jurlt' 3).
JUD(, 8, Fir
t uwdiuJ!: at Ottawa
of tll(" Canadian Lpgislaturp.

ov. 17, Prcw!amatjon of till'
union of Vaw.ouvpr bland to
Briti
h Columhia.
l
t)7. :\Iar('h :!!), Hoyal a...
pnt gin'n to
t hp Brit i
h
ort h Ampri('a . \(.t .
July 1, The _\et conh'
into forel';
Fnion of tlH' Provincp
of
Canada,
ova.
('otia. awl X(,W
Brun:-:\\ i('k as thp Dominion of
Canada; l-pppr awl Lower
Canada madp
pparat(' provincps
a
Ontario and (ltWUt'p; \ï..wount
:\Ionck first (;oVl'rnor l
p'l('ral,

ir John A. :\la(.donald prplllipr.
X ov. Û, :\1('pt iug; uf the first
Dominion Parlialllt'nt,
l
tjS. _\priI7, .L\lurdpr of I)' \rey )1(,(;c'p
at Ottawa. .Tub 31, Thp Hupt'rt'

Land .. \ct authorizt
tltp acqui-
...ition Lv t hp DominioJl of till'
X orth" pst Tprritoril:S. Dpl". :!n,
:-;ir John Young (Lonl Li:-'har)
Governor Gent'ral.
lðûV. Junl' :!:?,
\et providing for till"
go,'ernllwnt of thp Xortll\H.
t
Tprritoric'::;.
o,. 19, Dt'(.d of
surrelldpr to th(> Cro\\n of tilt'
Hudson's Bay Company's tt'rri-
torial rights in the Kortll\n'
t.
Outbn'ak of thp H.l'Ù RiYl'r
Hebcllion UIHh'r Riel.
lð7U. l\lay 12,
\('t to pstablish tIlt'
province.' of l\Ianitoha. July I'>,
X ortll\H'st Tl'rritoripl:j t ran:-,f..rr..d
to thp Dominion and .:\lanitohn.
admit ted into Confpdprat ion.

ppt.
1, \r olsf'lpy's pxppòit ion
rf'adW8 Fort Garry (\\ïnniprg);
pud of the rebellion.
lö71. April 2, Fir
t Dominion Cl'Il
H:--
(populations at this and sU('('PPò-
ing ellumt.'rationf' givpu in tabular
fonn on page 94). April 14, Act
pstahli
hing unifornl currPllCY in
the Don1Ìllioll. :\lay 8, Trpaty hf
\Yashingtoll, dpaling with qup::;-
tions out
tallding hl'fwt'pn tht'
l)nitcd I\:ingòom and "Cnited

tat('s. July 20, Briti:-:h Colum-
bia enters Confpderation.
1872. :\lay 22, TIlt' Earl of Dufferin
Gov('rnor Gpneral.
1873.
Iarch 5, O}wning of thp
pcond
Dominion Parliamfnt.
lay 2:{,
Act ('stabli
hing thp X ort hWt.st

Iountnl Polic('. July 1, Prince
Edward Island pntprs Confedf'ra-
t ion. X OV. 7, AIpxantl('!'
la('-

kl'n7Í1' IH'PlIlil'r. X nv. S, Incor-
poration of \\ïnnipl'g.
IS7-t,
Iar('h :!t), ()ppning of tll<.' third
Dominion Pariianlt'llt.
Iay,
(hltario \grieultural Collqn',
(
u('lph, Opt'Il('(1.
1
7.). _\uril S, 'flU' Sort hWPst Tl'rri-
t'-trips \('t c'sf ah:i:-:lws a Lipu-
tpnant-( ;OVl'rnor and COUJl(.il of
tilt' :\"ortllwp:st Territorif:-:. ,Jm1/'
1,), Formation of the 1>r('sl)\'-
tcrian Chureh of Canada. ..
1
;G. .Tullt' 1. ()pC'lling of t IH' Hoval
:\lilit:lQ Cl)lIpJ!:p, l\:ing
ton. ,hinp
.>, Fitst :--ittinJ,!: of thp HUpn'HH'
Court of Canada. .J lily :{, ()ppn-
ing of tht' Intl'JTolonial Hailway
frotn (luplwc to llalifa'\..
IS77. .Junl' :!O, (
I't'at fir.. at 81. .Jolm,
X B., ()d., First f'xportatioll of
whpat froUl
lanitoba to the
Cnitpd Kingdom. Founding of
tlU" l'ni,'..rsit\" of .:\Ianitoba.
l
ì
. July 1, Cana
1a join
tlIP Intpr-
national Pf)
t:ll l"nioll. ()('t. ,j,
1'11(' )la rqui... of Lornc (
ovprnor
(
pnpral. ()et. 17,
ir J. \. :\Ia('-
dOl1ald prt'mipr.
IS7U. Ft'b. l:t ()ppuing of thp fourth
Dominion Parli:ulH'llt. :\Iuy I;>,

\dopt ion of a protpcti,'p tariff
("Tht' Xational Poli('y").
þ, "'0. Hoyal Canadian . \('ad<'il) \" of ..\rb
fmindpd. first mppting :
nd pxhi-
hit ion, :\lar('11 û. :\Iay 11, Sir
\. T. Galt appointpd fir:-öt Cana-
dian lIi
h Commi:-:siOJH'r in Lon-
don. :-\I'pt. 1, _\11 B
"iti:-:h po:-:sps-:-
:--ion:i in Xorth
\m('ri('a and
:Hljar-pnt i
lall<b. ('x('('pt X pw-
foundland and its dt'pl'ndc'n('ips,
annexpd to Canada h
' ImpC'rial
()rdpr in Cmuwil of July :31. Oct.
21,
igllillg of tilt' t"oÌltract for
t hp ron
t ru('t ion ùf t Il(' Canadian
P:lcifir- Rflilway.
1ðSl. .April 4, f'N'oJl(1 Dominion c('n
l1s.
:\la.Y :?, First sod turned of the
CarÌadian Pacific Railway.
IbS2.
Iay 8, Provi:-,ional Di:-;t rirts of
..\-::-:inihoia,
a
kfltchewan, Atha-
ha:-öca and _\lherta fornwd.
Iay
2.3, First 11lppting of thp Royal

f)('ipty of Canada. .Aug. 23,
H,('gina p
tabli:-:h('rJ as
f'at of
Govprmnpnt of Xorthwpst Terri-
torits.
1
:'o)3. Feb. 1, Opf'ning of the fifth Dom-
inion Parliament. AUJ!. 1
,
TIl(' l\l3rquis ()f Land
O\vnp
Govprnor Gpl1f'raI.
ppt. .5,
l'ormation of thp ;\[(.thOrlit

72

CHROJ.VOLOGICAL HIS1'ORr OF CA.iY"ADA

Church in Canada; (Tnited Con-
ference.
18b4. 1Iay 24, Sir Charlcf; Tupper, High
Con1missioner in London. Aug.
11, Order in Council settling the
boundary of Ontario and J\Iani-
toba.

Ib
5. March 26, Outbreak of Riel's
second rebellion in the X orth-
west. April 24, Engagpment at
:Fish Creek. J\'lay 2 Engagp-
lllent at Cut I(nife.
lav 12,
Taking of Batoche. J\'la)Y 16,
8urrender of Riel. Aug. 24,
First cpnsus of thp K orthwe
t
Territories. Nov. 16, Execution
of Riel.
1886. April 6, Inf'orporation of Van-
couver. June 7, Archbishop Ta
-
(
hpreau of Quebec lllade first
Canadian Cardinal. June 13,
Vancouver . destroyed by fire.
June 28, FIrst through tTaln on
the Canadan Pacific Railway
from 1\lontreal to Vancouver.
July 3], First quinquennial ('en-
f<US of l'Ylanitoba.
1887. Intprprovincial Conference at
QlH"bec. April 4, First Inter-
colonial Conference in London.
April 13, Opening of the sixth
Dominion Parliament.
188
. Feb. 15, Rigning of Fishf'ry
Trpaty bf'twepn l'nited I\:ingdom
and GnitC'd States at 'Vashington.
J\lay 1, Lord Stanky Governor
Genpral. Aug., RPjcction of
Fishery Treaty by ""Cnited States

pnate.
1890. 1\larch 31, The l\lanitoha School
Act abolishes separatp schools.
1&91. April 5, Third Dominion census.
April 29, Opening of the sPventh
Dominion Parliament. June 6,
Death of Sir J. A. J\Iacdonald.
June 15, Bir John Abbott premier.
IR92. Fpb. 29, 'Vashington Trpaty, pro-
vi{iing for arbitration of the
Behring HC'a Spal }1'isheries ques-
tion. July 22, Boundary ('on-
vf>ntion bf'twf'en Canada anrl the
Pnitpd States.
ov. 2;"), Sir
John ThompRon premier.
18ù3. April 4, First sitting of the Bphring
Sea Arbitration Court. l\lay 22,
The Earl of Aberdppn Governor
General. Dec. 18, Archbishop
l\1achray, of Rupprt's Land,
elpcted first Anglican Primate of
all Canada.
1894. Junp 28, Colonial Conference at
Ottawa. Dec. 12, Death of Sir
John Thompson at 'Yinùsor

Castle. Df'c. 21, (Sir) l\lackenzie
Bowen premier.
1895. Sept. 10, Opening of new Sault Ste.
Marie canal. Oct. 2, Proclan1a-
tion naming the Ungava, Frank-
lin, Mackpnzie and Yukon Dis-
tricts of Northwest Territori( H.
1896. April 24, Sir Donald Smith (Lord
St.rathcona) High Commissioner
in London. April 27, Sir Charles
Tupper premier. July 11, (Sir)
Wilfrid Laurier premier. Aug.,.
Gold discovered in the I{londvkp.
Aug. 19, Opening of the eighth
Dominion Parlian1ent.
1897. July; Third Colonial Conferencp
in London. Dec. 17, Award uf
the Behring Sea Arbitration.
1898. June 13, The Yukon District
established as a Reparate Terri-
tory by Act of Parliament.
July 30, The Ear] of l\linto Gov-
ernor-General. Aug. 1, The Brit-
ish Preferential Tariff of Canada
goes into force. Aug. 23, Meet-
ing at Quebec of the Joint High
Commission for the settlement of
questions between Canada and
the United States. Df'c. 25,.
British Imperial Penny (2 cf'nt)
Postage introduced.
1899. Oct. 11, Beginning of the South
African War. Oct. 14, Canadian
Government decides to send
troops to South Africa. Od. 29,.
First Canadian contingent leaves
Qupbpc for South Africa.
HmO. Feb. 27, Battle of Paarùebrrg.
April26, Great fire at Ot.tawa and
Hull.
1901. Jan. 22, Death of Queen Yictol'ia
and accf'ssion of IGng Edward
VII. Feb. 6, Opening of the
ninth Dominion Parliament.
April 1, Census of the Brit.i
h
Empire, total population, 397,-
6.59,316; Canada (Fourth Do-
minion census), 5,371,315. ;O:;ept.
16-0ct. 21, Visit to Canada of
the Duke and Duchess of Corn-
wall and York (IGng George' Y
and QUf'en lVlary).
1902. May 31, End of South African
War, ppace signe'd at V erecI1lgin
.
June 30, l\1eeting of fourth
Colonial Confprence in London.
1903. Jan. 24, Rigning of the Alaska
Boundarv Convention. Junp 19,.
Incorporãtion of Regina. Oct..
20, Award of the Alaskan Bound-
ary Comlnission.
1904. Feb. 1, Dominion Railway Com-
mission l'stablishpd unòer the-

Cl//{f).\PLO lr lL IIISTORY OJ? C..LVA1Jå

73

Haih\:l\" .r\(.t of l
tO;
. \pril H',
Gn'at fin' in Toronto.
('pt. :!l;,
I
nrl Grey nO\'t'rIlOr Gt..neral. Oct.

, lrworl)oration of Fdmonton.
IUt'.). .Jan. 11, Opt.ning of thp ft'nth
Duminion ParlialIH'nt.
ept. 1.
Crpation of tht' proyim'ts of
.\lI)('rta and
a....kat('llf \\ :m.
I VUl). r ni\'pr
it v of ..\1I)('rta fOllIHkd.
(kt.
, " Intt'rJ Hu \ iUl'ial Confpr-
P!H.t. at Ot t a\\:l.
H)Oï.
lart.'h

, Imlll...:t rial Di:-JHltt.:.;
Invt t-:tigatioll .\ct pas:.;('d. \pril
13-:\I3.Y 11. Firt h Colonial Con-
ft'rt'Ju.(: in London. \.djufo'tlllt'nt
of ParliaulI'nt ary r('prt'!'t'nt at ion
in :-\a:.;k:ltt'lu wan and \ILf'rta.
Xt W CUt-:tolll:- Tariff in('luding
int rod w.t iOIl of I nt('nll('(liat (-.
TaritT. .\u
. :!
), Collap
(' of
<ludu.(' Hridgp, Sept. I
', IH'\\
ComlIlercial ('ol1\'('nt ion wit h
FranC'(' siglH'd at Pari:.;. (kt. 17,
Fir:.;t IIlt':",:-:agt' h
\\ in,Jt.:-:s tp)('-
graphy \)('h\ (,PIl C'1l1ada alltl t IH'
Cuitt.d Kingdom. rniv('r
ity of

ao..:hat('lu wan fOlll1dt't1.
lUGS. .Jan. 2, E:-:tahlishllH nt of Ottawa
Bran('h of Ho)'al
Iint. .\prilll,
.\rhitration trpaty \)I'tw('pu
l"nitpd Killgd01Il "and Cnit<.d
:--:t atr
.
Iay 4, Rat ifi('at ion of
Tn a1\ for dt.mar('atioll of bound-
ary h(.t\\"p('n Canada and rnitnl

t;l"':-:, Jll1H'
1-:!:
. Bit.'pnh'llarv
of Bi
hop La\'al (.pl( brat( d
lt
(ludw('. July
o-:n, (ìW.hN.
TprC'('ntpuarY Cph.brat iOJl:';: vi...:it
to QUf'h('('
)f Prinr(' of \Val(!-o,
n pr('!--cutin(! t lw King. ..\up:..
,
(;f('at firp in Koot('na\ Yalh'v.
B. C. rnÏ\'('rsit v of Urit i
h
Cohnnbi:l foundrd.-
1
to
t. .Jan. 11,
iJ.ming of Intprnational
Boundan' ".aters Convpnt ion
h('twP('I1" Canada find rnitpd

tfit('
. .Tan. :!o. oJ)('ning uf 11th
Dominion Parliament. Jan.:!ï,

\J!:n'('nwnt hdw('pn lYnitt'd KinJ.!:-
dow and lYnited
tat('
to
ubmit
X ort h At Inntir Coast Fi:-;lH'rif's
Que:o:tion tu th(' lIa
ue Tribunal.
:\Iay 19, Appointnwnt of Can a-
{-iian Commi!'sion of Conspryat ion.
.July 28, Confprelw(' on Imp('rial
Defence in London.
1
no. J.'('b. 1, Ratification of Comm('r-
{'ial Trr'aty with FranC'P. I'('h. 1,
International Opium Commis-
"ion nlf't at Shanghai. :\lay 4,
Pa::;:sing of X aval S(\y"Yict' Bill.
:\Iay 6, Dt\uth of I\:illg Eòward
YII and accf'ssion of King G('orge

\. .huH' 7, Death of Goldwin
:,mith.
ppt. 7, Korth Atlantir
Coa:-:t Fi:-:lU'rips .\.rbit rat ion award
of t hp Ilagup Trihunal. :\ ('w
t null' aJ!f(.t'mt'llt madp wit h (:('r-
man)', Bf'lgium, lIoHand and
Italy.
HH 1. .Jan:
1, Propo
als for re('iproeity
with l'r1Ìtt.d Statf's :.;ubmitt('(1 to
the C[tnadian Parliampnt. 1\lar.

1, 1 )uk.. of ('onnaught ap-
pointed C:oyprnor {;.'I1('1"al of
('an:tcla. l\lay 2;
-JulH
20, 1111-
Iwri:il ConfPrt IU'(' in London,
.Jm\(' 1. I-ift h l)ominion ('en--u:-l.
J1Il
11, Di:.;a:-t rous fOft'
t fin':,; in
Por('upint.' mining di:.;t ript .
ppt .
:!I, (:PIH'ral t'h {'tion of Dominion
Parliam(ut. ()c.t. 10 (:,ir) I{. L.
Bonlt n, IH'pmipl'. Oc.t. 11, 1 n-
augurntion at Kit('lwIH'l" of (hl-
tario IIvdro-EIt.ctric 1'o\\-í'r
Tral1
lIli:-:="ìon :-\y
tpm. O("t. 13,
Thp I>ukt' and j)udw
:.; of
('onnaught land at Qw bt'('.
'0\'. I;), Opt.ning of l
th
Dominion I'a rliallH'nt.
1!t1:? \pril 1.), Loss of thp
t('am:-:hip
Titanic. April 15, Appointment
of Dominions Boval COlnmi:-:
ion
)Iay I;), E).tpn
i;m of tIlt' hound-
:lri(::.; of (ltlt'hf'c, Ontario and
:\Ianitoha. JUJU' 17, JudJ!Jlu nt
ddivprpd by tlIP Impt'rÌ'l1 Priv}'
COUJH"il on thp luarrial!(' qlwstion
rai
( d hy thp N., Tt'mC'I"C' J)('("}"(.P.
IHl
. \pril Hi, .Jap:uH''jC Tn'aty A(.t
as:--t.ntN) to. Junp 2, Tradt.
agrt'()}}t nt with 'V f'f't IlHlil's
(\
n)(' into forr('. July 2H, l
illg's
Prize' at Bio..:l<'y won by Canadian.

('pt( mhpr 1-3, Yifo;it to :\lontrf'al
of Brit i:.;h Lord Chane('llor (Vis-
t'ount Hahl:11H'). Od. 4, Xt w
Cu
toms tariff of United Stat t :i
go('
into forcc.
HH4. Jan. 21, Dt'ath of Lord Strath('ona
and 'Iount Royal, aged f)4.
Ia
..
:!
j, Lo:-:s of the :4pamship Ernprfð8
nf Inland. Au
. 3, Arqui:-:ition
by Canada of two submarines on
tfw }>a,rific Coast. 'Var with
Gpnmmy, Aug. 4; with Austria-
Hungary, Aug. 12; and with
Turkf'Y Xov. 5. Aug. 18-22,
:-:pl'C'iaì war
p
sion of Canadian
Parliampnt. Oct. lß, Firf't CaIW-
dian Contingpnt of over 33.000
troops land at Plymouth, Eng.
'" 0"\". 1, Loss of four Canadian
nlÌòshipmen hy
inking of H. :\1.H.
Cape of Good Hope in action off
t lw ("oast of Chill'.

74

CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY OF CANADA

1915. Feb., Canadian First Contingent
land in France and proceed to
Flanders.
\.pril 22, Spcond bat-
tle of Ypres; April 24, Battle of
St. Julien. l\Iay 20-26, Battle of
Festubprt. June 15, Battle of
Givenchy; gaHantry of Canadian
troops highly r-ulogized by F.-:\I.
Sir John French. July 14, Sir
Robert Bordf'n attends meeting
of the> British Cabinpt.. Oct. 30,
Death of Sir Charlrs Tupper, Bt.
Nov. 22, Issue of Canadian \Yar
Loan of
50,000,000. X ov. 30,
\Var Loan incrpaf'f'd to $100,000,-
000.
HHß. Jan. 12, Order in Council author-
izing incrpase in number of Cana-
dian troops to .500,000. Feb. 3,
Destruction of the Houses of
ParliaInent at Ottawa by firp.

-\pril 3-20; BattIp of St. Eloi.
June 1, Census of Prairip Pro-
vincps. June 1.-3, Battlp of Sanc-
tuary 'Yood. .June 3, Order in
Council estahli
hing Board of
Ppnsion Comn1Ìf:sioners. Hcpt. 1,
Cornerstone of new H OUSf s of
Parliame>nt laid by Dukp of
COllnaught. Sept., h;:.;ue of
Se>cond \Yar Loan, $100,000,000

Oct. 16, DukC' of Connaught ldt
Canada on cOlnplption of tC'rIll
of office as Governor General.
N ov. 11, Dukp of Devonf'hirf'
(appointed Aug. 19) sworn in at
Halifax, K .S., as Govprnor
General.
1917. FC'h. 12-l\Iay 15, Yisit to England
of Prime l\linister and coHeagues
for I n1pPTiai Confprf'nce. Ft b.
21, Final Rpport of Dominion:;
Royal Commi
f:ion. l\Iarch,
Third war loan, %1.")0,000,000.
l\larch 14, Dpath of Duchf'sS of
Connaught.. l\Iarch 20-l\Iay 2,
l\Ieetin
s in London of Imperial
\Var Cabinet.. l\Iarch 21-April
27, Imperial \Var Confn'pll('e.
l\;Iarch 31, Canadian patriotic
contributions amount to $49,-
271,012. April 5, Declaration of
war against GerInany by Cnited

tates. April 9, Capture> of
Virny RielgC'. \pril 16, \Yhpat
placpd on fr('(' list. Junp 11,
Appointnwnt of Board of Grain
Supervisors ,,,,'ith powe>r to fix
grain pricf's. June 21, Appoint-
ment of Food ControJIpr under
Order in Council of .Junp 16.
July 1, JubileC' of Confedpration,
1867. Aug. 1.5, Battlp of 1..00:-;,

capt.ure of Hill 70. Aug. 29,
PasE:ing of 1\liJitary Sel'vire Act.
Hl'pt. 20, Comph,tion of structure
of Quebec bridgp. Sept. 20, Par-
limuentary franchise extended to
women; Dominion Govprnnwnt
authorizrd to purchase ßOO,OOO
shares of C.N.H. Oct. 4, Battle
of Passchrndaclp. Oct. 6, Dis-
Rolution of 12th Parliament.
Xov. 12, Fourth \Yar Loan
(Yirtory Bonds). Dpr. 6, Disas-
trous (.xplosion at Halifax, N .S.,
cause d by collif:ion between the
I mo and the .Jlont Blanc, laden
with powprful explosives. Dec.
17, Gene ral EI('ctioll and L nion
GovernmE'nt sustained.
HHS. Fe b. 23, AppointInent of Canada
Rf'gistration Board. 1\1ar. 18,
Opening of first session of 13th
Parlimllcnt.. 1\Iar. 21, Gf'rmans
launch critical offensive on \Y E'st
Front. 1\lar. 30, Gen. Foch
appointed Gplwr:1lisRimo.
lal".-
April, second battlE' of the S0I11111e.
.April 17, Spcret session of Par-
limnrnt. l\lay 23, ParlianlC'nt
proro
u('d. Junf'-July, PrinlP
l\Iini:-5ter and colJraglH s attf'ud
In1pprial \Var Confprcnc( s in
London. July 18,
\.llies a::-;SUIlW
succesHful offE'nsive on \Vf'stFront.
Aug. 12, Bat.tle of Amirns. Aug.
26-28, Captul'p of 1\lonrhy Ie
Preux. Sept. 2-4, Breaking of
Droconrt-Qvéant line. SC'pt. lß,
Austrian P(.'ace Noh'. Sppt. 19,
E:-5tabli
hln('nt of I\haki ["niver-
sity of Canada. Hppt. 27-29,
Crossing of Canal du
ord and
capture of Bourlon \V ooel, Sept.
30, Bulgaria SlllTPIlllcrs and
signs armisticf'. Oct. 1-9, Cap-
ture of Cambrai. Oct. 5, Epi-
delnic of Spanish Influenza
cam.;ing closing of churches and
abandonlnr-nt of puhlic rneC'tings.
Oct. 0, First Gr-rman Pe>acp N otp.
Oct. 20, Capture of Dl'nain.
Oct. 21, Appointment of Hibcrian
Economic Conm1Í
sion.. Oct.
2,)-- N ov. 2, Capture of VaJpn-
('irIHlf's. Oct. 28, I
sue of Fifth
\Yar Loan for
200,000,000 in
the fonn of Victory Bonds.
Oct. 31, Turkey surrendf'l's and
:o:igns al'lnistice.
ov. 4, _-\us-
tria-Hungary surrcndprs and
signs armif'tice. Kov. 10, flight
into Holland of Gf'I1.nan Emperor.
Capturf' of l\Ion
. Nov. 11,
GenTIan)' SUITl'ndC'l's and signs

CIlROSOLOGICL1L 1IISTURr OF CA.S.1D.l

75

arllll:-:t H.('. Spoilt an('Ol1S rt.'joiC'-
inJ..,::I throughout thl' Empin' at
t 1)(' pro
pC'f.t of ,ìctoriuu
p!'n.("('.
I>t C'. 1, Xational Thank:-:gl\ïllh
ð('r\'Ü'(,:-; for victUI1 and I)('a('('.
HH9."V('b. 17, Death of :-'ir \\ïlfritl
L.luri('r. Fl'h.:20 .July 7, Hc('uwl

e:-::-:ioll of Iat h Parlianu nt of
èanada.. l\b.r. 7. .\ppointl11('nt
of Go\"('rnIlLLul ]t('('f.. i\'pr of t h('
(;raIHI Trunk P:u'ifi(. H:1ilwa.
.

Ia\' I-JUJU' ]."), (;!'(':It :-'trikp at
\\ïrinippg and t"t rik('s in ot hpr
,rc stprn <"it i(
.
Iay
t), Hpt urll
to Canada of Primp 'Iini
t('r
from PP:L("P COllfp("('ru'p. ,JurH' :?:J,
<';('npral Ell etion in (
lH hf'(., r('-
:-ult ing in r('Í('llt ion of Lilwr:d
.\dmilli:.;t rat ion. .huH' :2
,
igna-
t ur(' at Yf r
ni)ks of l'c U'(' Tl'f'aty
and ProtoC'ol; Canadian PI( ni-
pot (,Il t ia ri(
: tilt' 11 Oil. Cha rln,
.J. })olH'rt\ fil)( I t h(' ]I on.

\rt hur L: f'ifton. July :! i,
Uprwra I Elrct ion in PriJl(
p 1-:11-
ward blaBcl. f( suit ing in (!Pfr:.!t
of CUIl
{'rYat i\.(' adlllini
t rat ion.

\u
. .),-7,
Il't'ting at (Þttawa of
Lihpral ('On\'f'nt iUIl and (,I( ('t ion
of tlH' HOIl. ,,,. L. :\Iack('nzi('
King as le:ul('f of Lih('ral party.
.\ UJ!. 1;), .\rri\'al at f't. JOhll,
X.B., of II.H.II. th(' Princ(' of
\\ aks for ( ffi('ial tour in Canaela.
..-\ UJ!. :.?::? Formal Ol)f.ninh of
Quehrc Brid
p hy II.H.I1. th('
Priru'(' of ',"al(
. Hc'pt. I, I1.R.H.,
th(' PriIH'c of 'Yak
layS founda-
t ion
t one of t ow('r o( IH'W P:u.-
liam( nt 13l1ildinm
:It Ottawa.
;-\cpt. I-X 0\'. 10, Th,rd or
p('cial
P('ac('
c
:-:ion of I:Jt h Parhanu'nt
of Canada.
(pt. I.j, ()pcniuJ! at
Ottawa of tlw Xational Indu:-:-
trial Confprpl1(,p. Oct. 20, (;('11-
('wI Ekdion in Ontario, r('sult-
ing in d('feat of Con
('ryat iv('
administ rat ion and formatIOn of
)linistr\' by E. C. Drm.v, rnit('d
Fann('fS' Ör
ani7.
tion. . Is
\}(' of

ixth ".ar Loan for
:
OO,OOO,OOO
in t Iw form of \Ï('tory Bond....
Xo\". 2."), I1.H.II. thp Prin('(' of
"-all s
ails from Halifax, X.SO,
on C'ornplpt ion of yi
it to Canada.
Dec. :20. Organization of "Cana-
dian XHt ional l{ailways" by
Order in CoullC'il.
1920. Jan. 10. Ratifications of th('
Tn'at\' of Yl'r:-:ailks havinJ!' h('en
pxchañg('d, t}1(' war with GC'r-
lllnny is officially rl('clarnl at nn

('wI. Feh. In. Gran(1 Trunk
8h:lr('hold('l'
l.at ify agrp('nwnt for
sal... of t Iw ( ; rand Trunk Ra.ilway
to tlu' Dominion (;o\,prnm('nt.
t;(.b. :2H-.July 1, Fourth s('
:-;ion
of t h(' thirh'cllt h Padianwnt of
Call:lda. l\lay IS, Budg('t
"p('('(.h. Xl'W !Zlxation imp
sed,
n;;t imat('d to \"If ld an adcht lomtl

1()O UOO 000
,r annual r(,\'l'nu('.
. , ,
:\Ia\' 3I-.Junp 1
, Tradl' Confer-
pn';' at ()tt
l\\:L In hn'('ll Domin-
ion ancl \rc.:;t Indian (
overn-
IHPllb. Jun(' '7 -IV, Con\'('ntion
of _\llwri('an Ft'dprat ion of La-
hour at :\[ont real. .JUIlP

,
Pn.n"ilH"ial gpnpral dc(,t ion in

[anitoha. X(,\\ politi('al grOl1p:i
hold halanc(' of pO\\l'r, but
Lil)('ral (;O\'pnllHPnt i-.; rdairu:d
in otfi('('. .July 8, Sir LO[lwr
(;ol1in i:i StH'('('('lif.cI h\' lion. L.
.A. Ta:.wIH,rt"atl as l.J n mipr of
(1111 hpC'. .July 10, fo\ir I{ohc-rt
Bord( n j... su('c('('dC'd hy Bon.
(no\\" Hight lIoll.) \rthur )h'ig-
IH n as Pn'mipr of Canada. July
If), I{atifi(,:lt ions of t Iw Tr('
ty
of :-'t. (;.'rmain-l'I1-Layp haYIng;
h('(.n l'::\.('hang('(J, t h(' war with
.\u...tria is ofTi('iall\- (k(']a1('d at
all ('rul. .J uh"
'ï. Provincial
gpnf'ral pl('("ti(;n in 1\o\'a ;-;eotia.
I ihpral (;o,.pt'IlInpnt of Pn'mipr

Iurm\. i:-:
u
tairH'd. \ug. 5-7,
hnpprï"ni Press ('ollfpl'l'n('c at
(htn\\:l. ..\lIg. 9. Hatifi('ation
of
tlU' Tn'atv of Xl'uilly-sl1r-
c'irH'
ha\'ing 1)(';'11 ('xehangl'rl, tl1<' \\3r
"ith BlllfTaria i::; ofIicially <[('('laf('<.1
at an (';;ù.
c'pt. lS-:2:3, Xinth
COIlJ?;ff S:-l of Chamlwrs of Com-
1I1('r('(' of t}lf' Empire' at Toron.to.
( kt . 9, Pro\"in('ia.l
('npral pl('C'hon
in X( w Brun:j\\"i('k. Liberal Gov-
PrIHlH'nt i:-- su
tninrrl by a r(,ùucl'd
majority. Oct. 20, Prohibition
elc f('atc;1 nnd GOVl'rnml'nt con-
trol of tllf' liquor traffic favourprl
hv rf'ÍerpndUln in British Cúl-
llÎnbin. (kt. 2,=), Rdprpnduffi ft'
(,OIllpld(' prohihition of th(' liqu.or
t raftìr is carrin] in K ova Scotia,
:\lanitoha, .-;askatrhewan and
Alberta. ()('t" 25-28, Xation
l
Conff'rpncf's in Ottawa on Tf>chnl-
cal EdlH at ion and Education

tati
tics. Xov. 13, First m('et-
infT Lfaf!Ue of Xations Assembly
b/gin:-: at CC'npY:l, Switzprland.
}{t. Hon.
ir Gpo. E. Fostpr,
G.C.
I.G., Rt. Hon. C. J. Do-
lll'rty and Hon. X. 'V. Rowell

76

CHRONOLOGICAL HIS TOR} OF CANADA

represent ing Canada. 1\1. Hy-
IIlanS of Bplgium is pJpcted
President. X ov. 24, l\icGill
University Cpntennial Endow-
mPIlt .Fund i
clospd with ovpr

$6,000,000 subscribed. Dec. 1,
Provincial general election in
British Columbia. Liberal Gov-
prnment iH sustaÌIwd by a reduced
majority.

IlL-PHYSICAL CHA.R.ACTERISTICS OF CANADA.

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATrRE
.

Situation.-1'he DonÜnion of Canada includes the "'hole
of the northern half of the X orth .,.\.merican continent, except the
lTnited States territory of Alaska and the Labrador Coast, ,yhich is
under the jurisdiction of N e,vfoundland. The southemlTIOst point in
the Dominion i:-\
Iiddle Island in Lake Erie, south of Pelee Island, in
north latitude 41 0 41'; from here Canadian territory extends north-
"\Yard to the Pole. In longitude the Dominion stretche::; from about
,vest longitude 57 0 -the exact boundary ,vith Newfoundland territory
is as ypt undefined-to ,vest longitude 1-1:1 0 , the boundary with
Alaska. Canada thu
extends over about 84 0 of longitude and 48 0
of latitude.

General Formation. -The topographic feature
of the present
surface of the Alnerican continent admit of its division, in Canada,
into several physiographic province
. The exposed surface of the
old pre-Calubrian continent fonus one of the largest divisions and has
been called the ranadian Shield, the Archean peneplain and, in its
south('rn portion, the Laurentian Highland. The lllountainous
country of the ,vest constitutes the Cordilleras, ,vhile the Inountains
of eastern United States, in their continuation acro::;s the border,
fonn the Appalachian Highlands of eastern Canada. The Great
Plains, ,vith various subdh.isions, occupy the area bet,veen the
mountainous area of the ,vest and the great, roughened ::;urface of the
Canadian
hield. The St. La"Tence Lo,vland lies bet,veen the
Laurentian and Appalachian Highlands. 'Yithin the borders of
the Canadian Shi('ld an area on the southern margin of Hudson bay
has been referred to as the Cla
T Belt. It o('eupies a part of the basin
that ".as sublnerged during the laacial period and covered ,vith a
('oating of clay ,vhich sn100thed over its inequalities and concealed
most of the und('rlying rOl"ks. Sinee its Plnergenee thp
urfaee ha

been but
lightl
v aItef(\d by drainage ehannels cut across it.

Canadian Shield.-The portion of tht' pre-Cambrian continent
,vhosf' exposed surface still fornls a large part of Canada, has an area
of about t,vo and a half million square miles. Its northern border
crOS
éS the Arctic archipelago, the eastern lies beyond Baffin island
and Labrador and reaches the depressed area occupied by the St.

GFUGll.1PJlI('
lL FE.! TUlfES

77

LaWI'l'lH'P riYPI", a :-\hort
pur or point ero:-,sing thi:-: "\-alley at the
outh,t of lakp Untario to join the ..\dirond:lt'k Ilioulltains ill Xl'\\ York.
Thl" sout hern houndary rUIl:-\ frolll the :--pur wpst tu (
('(ll"gian hay,
:-,kirt:-\ tIlt' Ilorth :-\hof(
of lahP 11uron and sweep:::; alnlost entin,lv
around tlll' aUl'il'ut dl'pn':-,:-\pd arpa ot'cupied by la kf'
\l})l'rior. Th""
we:-\tprn l.dJ!e, frolH thp lakt' of the 'r'ooJ
and lake '\
iunipl'
, hears
nort h\H':-,t to thl' \\ p:-\tt'rn eH(1 of lakc. 6\..thahaska, and passe
through
the ha:sin
o('('upil-'d by Grt'at Slav(' and Grt'at R('ar lahps, r(':L(.hin

thp ..\.rctÎe ocean e:l:st of the
la('kenzip HiYf'r (h,lta. In detail,
tht.
urf:H.c fl'aturt'
of the Canadian
hipld are irrpJ?;ular; but, viewed
broadly, it ha:; the ('onfofIllation of a J!,rl'at plain, dpprl'
st'd t()\vard
the ('pntre and in th
north and
ligh t ly (
l('va tf'd :d()n
th(' pastl'rn
and
outh('rn hurder:" ,,-here it pr(;5l'nts a ;'\onl 'what
t 'PI> outward
slope. 'flu' J!,f'Jl('ral plpva tion in t hp east ('rn portion is ulHll'r 2,000
f('('t, nnd over the larger part of th" plaill is ahout 1,()()O f('pt. Tht'
highe:-,t portion i:--. along thp uorthpa8tprn nw.rgin wlH'rp it prpSf'llt
a
steep faee to thp
ea.
Cordillerlll Rc
ion.-Tht' w('stern part of tilt" Alnl'rican con-
til1pnt b IHorp or les
lI}ountailloll
. The \nuean l'hain, ,,-hi('h pxtl'ud:--
throu;..?,hout thp l('ngth of :::;outh .AnH
fi(,:l and hroaden
out in Xorth
Anlcrica anu in Canada, ha:-\ an aV('ra
(' ,,,idth of 0\'('1" 300 Inilcs.
r-fhi:--. r('
Úon i:-. the Blust cl'vatt'd in Canada, IHany of thl' :-;ullllnit:-\
fpaehing h('ight
of lU,()()O fe('t, wit h o('('n
ional peak
oypr l;
,OOO
fe't ahove
ea-Il'\'el. Thp nlollntainou
tral't forrninv; the Cordilleras
can be divided broadly into thrcl' paralh'l hands; an old
('ri('s of
plateau
and nlountain
fonning th{' l"entral part, rl'ft'rr'd to as the
Cen tral Bd t, a you ng
l'rips of parallel ridgps, e
l:.;t (Jf t he ('en tral
plat(,tUl
, fonned of fault hlo(.k:-\ and fold:-, and known a
t h(' Ea:-\ü'rn
Bl-'lt :lnd a third divi::-ion, hetw'en the plat 'au country and thl'
Pa('ific, calh'd thp "(':4('fn ]
plt. Thl' Bl'lt
arp further :::;uhdividl'(f
as in the following taLle
:-
l.-\Iountain Systenl
and Ranges in \Vestern Canada.

E_ \
TEHX BELT.

S Y
TEl\l.

::\IOC
TAIX
OR
PL
\TEA1;S.

H.\XGE, GHOüP üR
PLATEAU.

ROCI\]E

I ROCK 1 110GXTAIXS
j :\IACKENZIE
IOUXTAIXS
l FRAXKLIX MOU)'"TAI""

{ HUghf'S rang(', Brisco rang(' ,
Livjngstonf' range, Pallisf>r
rangp
Othf'r ranges and groups

{
ayulH:'i rangp, Tigonankweihe
rangt', othf'r ranges and groupR.
Cn-named ranges and groups.

ARCTIC

RICHARDSON MOUNTAINS

r n-named ranges and groups.

78

PHYSICAL CHARACTERI.STICS OF CANADA

CENTRAL BELT.

SYSTEl\1.

MOUNTAINS OR
PLATEAUS.

RANGE, GROUP OR
PLATEAU.

COL Ul\IBIA

r

IXTERIOR

CASSIAR

YUKON

SELKIRK .MOUNTAINS

l\10XASHEE
OUNTAINS

\ CARIBOO !úOUNTAINS

JFRASER PLATEAU
,NECHAKO PLATEAU
l UN-NAMED MOUNTAINS
PLATEAUS
(BABIKE 1\IOUXTAINS
1 STIKn"E MOUNTAIKS
t V'N-XAMED MOUNTAINS

JYUKON PLATEAUS
l UK-NAMED MOUNTAINS
PLATEAUS

{ Purcell range, McGillivray range,
Moyie range, Slocan group,
Nelson range, other ranges
and groups.
[ Christina range, Midway group,
other ranges and groups.
Un-named ranges and groups.
{ Bonaparte plateau, Arrowstone
plateau, other plateaus.
{ Ootsa-François plateau, Nadina
mountain, other plateaus.
AND { Un-named ranges, groups and
plateaus.
Un-named ranges and groups.
{ Klappan range, Groundhog
range, other ranges
Un-named ranges and groups.
i TeSlin range, Glenlyon range,
Pelly range, un-named ranges
and plateaus.
AND Un-named ranges, groups and
plateaus.

WESTERN BELT.

SYSTEM.

l\10UNTAINS OR
PLATEAUS

RANGE, GROUP OR
PLATEAU.

PACIFIC

IKSULAR

[ CASCADE MOUNT.AINS
COAST MOUNTAINS

[ BULKLEY MOUNTAINS
UN-NAMED MOUNTAINS
f v ANCOUVER ISLAND MOUN-
TAINS
1 QUEEN CHARLOTTE MOUN-
TAINS
ST. ELIAS MOUNTAINS (PART)

Un-named ranges and groups.
(Tahtsa range, Whitesail range,

Telkwa range, un-named ran..
t ges.
{ zymoetz range, Seven Sisters
group, Roeher Déboulé range,
Hudson Bay group.
Un-named ranges and groups.

fUn-named ranges and groups.
1

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF CA4"ADA

79

'Iountain p
ak8.- Followin
is a list of the principal n:ulled
peak
p
cceùillg 12,000 fpet in plcyation:-

ALBERTA.

1

x. \
IE. ELEY.\- LAT. I
OXG . R.\NGE.
TIOX.
.
..\I.BEHT:\.-
_ \lbl' rta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,000 ;>2 0 14' 117 0 36' Rocky
I tns.
F 0 rbps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,000 51 0 48' 1It)0 fiG' "
The T\\ ins. . . . . . .. . . . . . 12,085
')o 13' 117 0 12' cc
oJ...
BRITISH COLG\mIA-
Robson. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ,OßS .j3 O 07' 1H)0 OS' cc
CKO,"-
.\ug'u:--ta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,
)QO 00 0 IS' 140 0 2S'
t. l:Jias
HIlS.
CO<' k. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ,700 00 0 10' 139 0 59' "
Hubbard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . IB, tOO GOo 21' 13n o O
' "
l
in
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,971 60 0 :J.Y ]40 0 39' "
LOJ!3.Il. . . .. ........... 1 n , 53
} tiO o 13.') , 140 0 21' "
L u {' 3. n ia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,147 (H O 01' 140 0 28' "

Ic..\rthur... . . . . . . . . . . 1-1,2,>;3 HO o 3ô' 140 la' "

l'\\-t on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,SfiO t.O o 19' 140 0 5')1 "
. -
St. Elias. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . 18,000 ()Oo IS' 140 0 j7' u
S t P(, It'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,lH-l tHO Of)' 14"'" 19' "

trickland. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,ðlS ül O 14' 1-10 0 4
' "
:)
\ all("ouver. . . . . . . . . . . . . ]5,tH7 HO o 21' .139 0 42' "
Waigh. . . . . ... . . .. . . . " 14,498 61 0 00' 140 0 00' "
,\ ood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,ððj {H O 14' 140 0 31' "

Appalachian Region.- file continuation of the Green moun-
tain:::- of 'erIllout into Cn.nada IlUlV bp traced in the Xotr{1 l):unp
nlountain
, ,,'hirh approach the
i. La" f('n('(' hplo". Quebpc and,
continuing with Ulore easterly trpnd, fonn t hp highland of the (}a
pé
p{1nin:-iul:t. Over a largp part th('
l' hill:-: hardly attain thp dignity
of rllountain:-5, hut peaks ri=--in
:3,.500 fpet ahove thp l1('arby coast are
found in the Gaspé penin
ula. The continuation of the \Vhite
l110untains of X e". Jltunp:"hire i:, found in the highland
of :\faine
and X e\v Rrunswiek, t hl' continuity hping
ho\\'n quite plainly by
the rock-folùin
and other evidence
of the J[rpat ('arth nlovelnents
,,'hich caused the topography.
\n additional ridge apparently
forffib thr' prespnt proyinee of X ova Rcotia, and although the high-
land
of that province in fe\v places ri::5e to elevations greater than
1,.500 feet, the rock structure indicates that it ,vas a mountainous
eountry at no very relnote geologieal period.
Great Plains.-A great area. inpluding many lliverse features,
lie::; to the ea:-\t of thp Cordillera=--. The portion that is included unùer
the tcrnl Great Plains extends fro III the
outh".e:..:tern edge of the
ancient
urface fOfining the Canadian Shield, to the ea-;tefil edge of
the m(Juntainou
re
ion of the Cordillera:-\. In thp belt traversed by
the railway line...; a threefold divi
ion into prairie steppes, rising
one above the othpr, is clearly reeognizable, though the divisions are

80

PHYSIC...-1L CHARA.CTERISTICS OF CA..VADA.

not distinguishable in the region farther north to ".hich the ternl
prairie is not applicable. For the purpose of description these three
divisions are adopted ap.d a fourth is added for the broken hilly
eountry of the foot-hills. Th
first or eastern division comprises
tJ1e plain lying b
t,veen the Canadian Shield and the plateau formed
of Cretaceous sedin1ents; the second extends from the edge of this
plateau \vest\vard to the erosion renlnant
of former Tertiary deposits;
and the third stretches from this line \vest\vard to the foot-hills.
North of the prairie country thesp distinctionf: are lesf: noticeable,
and divisions two and three become merged into one.
St. Lawrence Lowlands.- The southern interior of the con-
tinent consists of a plain of lo\v relief, bordered on the east by the
.A.ppalachian mountains, on the west by the Cordilleran mountain
systell1s, and on the north by the old surface of the Laurentian
plateau. To the northeast this plain becomes reduced in width,
and in the vicinity of Quebec is represented by a narrow plateau or
shelf on eaeh side of the St. Lawn,'nce river. The triangular area
beyond, in \vhich is the island of Anticosti, is structurally related to
the central lowlands. The St. La\\Tence lo".lands may be divided
into three sections: (1) the St. La\vrenee river plain separated from
(2) the Eastern Ontario basin by a point of crystalline rocks, and (3)
the Ontario peninsula à slightly more elevated plain \vhose eastern
border is a steep escarpnlent, the eastern outcrop of a heavy Ihne-
stone bed which underlies the \vestern peninsula.
Waterways.- The ,vater\vays of Canada constitute one of the
most remarkable of its geographif'al features. East of the Rocky
lnountains the southern part of the Dominion slopes nort heastward
to\vards Hudson bay; and the rivers in the south flow eastward.
Thus the Saskatche"wan river, with its northern and southern branches,
flo\vs east\vard into lake Winnipeg and thence northward by the
Nelson river into Hudson bay. On the north the Great Plain has a
northerly slope, and the l\Iackenzie river, with its tributaries, the
Slave, Liard, Athabaska, and Peace rivers, flows into the Arctic
ocean. The l\Iackenzie, exclusive of its tributaries, but including
the Slave, Peace and Finlay rivers, of \vhich it is the continuation,
has a total length of 2,525 miles. The Yukon river in the Yukon
territory also flo\ys northward, passing through Alaska, into Behring

trait after a course of 2,300 mile:::;. In British Columbia, the Fraser,
Columbia, Skeena and Stikine rivers flo\v into the Pacific ocean.
Drainage Basins.- The large drainage basins of Canada are the
Atlantic (554,000 square miles), the Hudson bay (1,486,000 square
miles), the Arctic (1,290,000 square miles), the Pacific (387,300 square
miles) and the gulf of l\lexico (12,365 square miles). Table 1 gives a
list of the river drainage basins, and Table 2 gives the lengths of the
principal rivers with their trihutaries and sub-tributaries.

GEUGRAPHlr.1L FE.t TUllES

dl

1.-Droilnag(' naslns of Canada.

Drainage Basins

.\tlautte llasin.
Hamilton........ .. . . . . . . . . .. . - - .

firamichi... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
St. John.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. La ,,'rence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S
('nay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Maurico........ . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Frt'nc h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nipigon. . . . . . . .
OUs" u. . . . . . . . . . . . .
l..ièvrc. . . . . .. ................
Gat ineau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tofal ..............

Jlud!'oun ß.,)' ß.'!'oln
Kok
oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gror "f:'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bip:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fastmain... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RUIX'rt... . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .
Hroadback... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
X otta way. . . . _ _ _ . _ .

I 00...('. . . . . . . . . - .
.\hitibi.. ... . . . . -

lis8inaibi .
Albany. _ .. . .
Keno
ami... .
A tta" apiskat. . . . .. .
W inisk . . . . . . . . . . _ .
Severn.. ....... . . . . . . .
Hayes. .
Nelson. . . . . . . . . . . _ . . .. ......
Winnip('g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engli!'.h. . . . . .. . . . . . .
Rpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assiniboine. . . . . . .

aska tchewan. . . . . . . . . . . .
North Saskatchewan... .. ...
South
askatchewan.. .......
R('d Dcer.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bo,,' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Belly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-. . . . . .
Churchill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Area
Drained

q. mile::!
:to, 100
5,400
21,500
309, 500
35,900
16,:!OO
8,000
9,000
56,700
3,500
9,100

551.000

62,400
20,000
26,300
25, ;>00
15,700
9,
OO
29,800
42,100
II, 300
10,600
59,'\00
20,700
lR,700
24, 100
3S, (;00
28,000
370,
()(}
44,000
20, 600
63,400
52, (,00
158,hOO
54,700
65,500 I
18,300
11,100
8,900 I
115,500

Drainage Basins

lIudson ßay ß4lSln -concluded
hazan. . . . . . . . . . .
Dubawnt. ... . .. . . . . . . _ _ ... _ .

Total. . . . . . . . .

Pacific ßa'ihl.
\ ukon. ........ . .
Porcupinc. . . . . . . . .

tewart. . . . . . . . . . . .
Ppllv..... ..
J en"es....
\\hite..
\l
('k. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'raku. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
StiJ...ine.... ..........

a:--s.....

kf'f'na. . . . . . . . . . .
J..ra.....r. . . . . . . .
Thomp
on..... .
:\echako. . . . .
Blackwater...... .
Quesnpl. . . . .
Chilf'otin..... . . . . . . . .. ....
Columbia... _...... . . .. . . . . . . . .
l\:ootcna
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
( ) kanagnn
Kctt Ie
Pend d'Or('ille

Total .....

-1rctic II sin.
Backs. . . . _ _ . . . . . _ .
(.opperminc.... _. _. .
.Maf'kpnzie.............. _ .
J .iard . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IIa\" ................
PP
cP . .
A.thabaska.

Area
Drained

Sq. miles
32,700
58,500

_ .. 1,.fS6.00

145,800
:?4,6oo
21 , 900
21,300
35,000
15,000
11 , 200
7,600
20, :
OO
7,400
19.
00
91,700
21 , 800
15,700
5,600
.t . S()()
7,500
;
!), 300
15,500
1).000
3.100
1. 190

.11;7,.WO

47,500
29,100
6

,OOO
1,700
25,700
117,100
58, 900

Total. . . . . . . . . 1,'
90,UOO
Gulf of 31etlco Basin...... 12,365

N OTE.-Owing to overlapping, the totals of cach drainage basin do not represent an
addition of the drainage areas 88 given. Tributaries and sub-tributaries are indicated by
indentation of the names.

2.-LengthC\ of Principal llhrrs and Tributaries in Canada.

Kames 'liles

Kames

Miles

f1o\\ing into the \tl.,oti.. Ocean.
Hamilton (to head of Ashuanipi). . 350
Natashkwan.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Romaine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Moisie. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
St. 'Iarguerite......... . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
St. John.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . 390
18427-6

Flo\\ ing into the Atlantic Ocean
-continued

Iiramichi........ .........
St.. Lawrence(to head of St. Louis).
:Manikuagan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outardae... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bersimis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saguenay (to head of Peribonka).

135
1,900
310
270
240
405

82

PHYSICAL CHA-RACTERISTICS OF CANADA

2.-Lengths of Principal Rivers and Tributaries in Canada-concluded

Names

Miles

Miles

Names

Flowing into the Atlantic Ocean
-concluded.
Peribonka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mistassini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ashwapmuchuan.......... . . . . .
Chaudière. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Maurice...... . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . .
Mattavlin... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Francis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Richelieu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ottawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rouge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N orth Nation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Lièvre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gatineau... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Coulonge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dumoine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sou th Nation...... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mississippi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mada waska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petawav:a.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l\Ioira. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
French (to head of Sturgeon).....
Sturgeon. ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S
an
sh..:...................... .
l\IIsslssagl. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thessalon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nipigon (to head of Ombabika) .
Flowing into Hudson Bay.
Hayes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Nelson (to Lake \Yinnipeg). . . . . . . .
Nelson (to head of Bow). . . . . . . . . . .
Red (to head of Lake Traverse)..
Red (to head of Sheyenne)......
Assiniboine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Souris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Qu' Appelle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'Vinnipeg (to head of Firesteel). .
English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatchewan (to head of Bow)..
North Saskatchewan. . . . . . . . . .
South Saskatchewan (to head
of Bow)...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Belly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Red Deer.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Churchill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beaver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kazan...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dubav.Tnt..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Severn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'Vinisk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Attawapiskat....... . . . . . .. . . . . ... .
Albany (to head of Cat river)..... .
Moose (to head of Mattagami) . . . . .

300
390
1.660
355
545
450
450
270
475
330
1,205
760
865
315
180
385
1,000
305
455
580
420
295
465
610
340

280
185
165
120
325
100
165
210
685
70
115
60
205
240
135
80
90
105
130
95
60
150
140
135
180
110
153
140
40
130

Flowing into Hudson Bay-
concluded.
Mattagami. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Abi tibi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l\fissinaibi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harricanaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nottaway. (
o head of Waswanipi).
W aswanl pI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rupert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eastmain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Big. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Great Whale. ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leaf. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Koksoak (to head of Kaniapiskau).
Kaniapiskau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
George. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flowing into the Pacific Ocean.
Columbia (total)..................
Columbia (in Canada).............
Kootenay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fraser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thompson (to head of North
Thompson)..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North Thompson..... . . . . . . . . .
South Thompson... ... . .. . . ...
Chilcotin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blackwater. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N echako. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stuart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Skeena.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N ass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stikine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aisek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukon (mouth to head of Nisutlin).
Yukon (Int. boundary to head of
N isu tlin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stewart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Vhi te. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pelly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Macmillan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J-.Jewes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

275
340
265
250
400
190
380
375
520
365
295
535
445
365

1,150
465
400
695
270
185
120
145
140
255
220
335
205
335
260
1,765
655
320
185
330
200
338

2,525
365
230
550
260
765
210
265
1,065
250
145
245
185
525
605

Flowing into the Arctic Ocean.
Mackenzie (to head of Finlay).....
Peel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arctic Red.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liard. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fort Nelson.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Athabaska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pembina... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Slave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peace (to head of Finlay)..... . ..
Finlay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parsnip. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Smoky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Little Smoky....... . . . . . . . . . . .
Coppermine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Backs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

NOTE.-In the above table the tributaries and sub-tributaries are indicated by inden-
tation of the names. Thus the Ottawa and other rivers are shown as tributary to the
St. Lawrence, and the Gatineau and other rivers as tributary to the Ottawa.

(;EOGR.\PIIIC4.L FE.\ TUNE...;

83

St. La\\'rence I{iver Systen1.-::\Iost inl})Ortant of t h(' lakes and
rivt'r
in C'an:Hln is the chain of the Grpat Lakes with their connecting
riYer
, thp
t. TA
nYrenl'(, ri\"cr and it
trihutarie
. rrhis chain is called
the
t. Lawrence Hivpr ;'"\ystl'll1. rrhe Great Lake
, separating the
proyinl'e of Ontario frolH the United
tates anù l'onnp('teù by a series
of (,:1n
lls ,,'ith the
t. La,vrenn.' riyer, alIo\\" of aCC'l':--:5 frOIH the 6\tlnntic
ocean to the interior of thp 1 )ollÜni()11 at Fort "illi:lIH and Port
Arthur, twin cities situat 'ù 011 lake Superior.
The Great Lakes. -1'able 3
hows the lCll
th, breadth, area,
f'leyation :1hoye
pa-leypl
lnd maximum dt'pth (Jf t.ach of the Grcat
Lake
.

3. - \rea. }:Jt'\ation and ))('I)th of tl1(' (.r('at IAftk('s.

Dl.'pth Elevation
Lakes I.Æ'n
th. Bread th.
t axi- Area. above
nlUlll. Sea-level.

Iil{>s
1iks rect.. Sq. Miles Feet

. 254 162 1. ()OR 31 , BOO 602
. u{>E'rIor.... ......... ... ..... ......
)Iichigan. .. ........ .... ........ ... 316 118 870 22,400 581
Huron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 101 802 23, 200 581

t. Clair...... . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 24 21 445 575
Erie. . . . .. .. .. .. ................... 239 59 180 10,000 572
Ontario.. . . , . . . . . . ...........,....... 193 53 738 7,260 246
I

Lake t;uperior, ".ith its area of 31,hUU square ulÌles, is the largest
body of fre:-:h ,vater in the "orld. A:s the international boundary
bet".eeu Canada anù the l
llited Rtates pa:,
e...; thro\1
h the ('('ntre of
lakes t;uperior, Jluron, Erie and Ontario, only half of the areas of
these lakes J!ivcn iu thc ahove statenlent is ranadian. I'hp ".hole of
lake :\Iichigal1 is ,vithin Uniteù t;tate8 tprritory. FrolH thp \vpstern
end of lake
uperior to the 1110uth of the
t. Lawreu('e there is, with
the aid of the
an:d sy
teln, a. continuou
navigable ,vatpnvay. rrhe
total length of the
t. La,vrence river froll} thf' head of the St. Louis
river to the Pointc-des-:\Ionts, at the entrance of the gulf of St.
L:\\\"rence. is l,nOO Jniles. rrhe tributaries of the St. Lawrence,

eYeral of which ha,"c thelllseives inlportant trihutaries, include the
Ott:nv3 riyer, ög5 Hliles long; the St. ::\Iaurice river, 325 ntiles long;
and thc Sagucnay (to head of Peribonka), 405 n1Íles long.
Other Inland 'Vaters.-In addition to the Gn'at Lakes there
arc large bodies of inland ,vater in other part
of Canada. Of these
only the follo,,'ing principal lakes, ,vith their re
pecti\"e areas, need
he Inentioned here: ill Qucbec, lake
Iista
sini en7.) bqunre miles); in
Ontario, lake Xipigon (1,730 square nÜle.,); in :\lanitoha lake 'Yinnipeg
(9,437 square milcb), lake 'Vinnipegosi::; (2,0
ß bquare miles) an<llake

Ianitoha (1,817 :-;quare n1iles); in Saskatche".an, Heindeer lake (2,437

quare nÜles); in }...lberta, lake .Athahaska (2,182 square miles). All
these are within the Loundaries of the provinces as at prc
ent con-
stituted, nnd are ex\'lusive of lakes situated in the X orth,,-est Terri-
tories, as, for instance, the Great Bear lake (11,821 square miles)
and the Great Slavp lake (10,719 square Inile
) in the
Ia('kenzie
District.
lS427-6!

84

PHYSICA.L CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA

Table 4 gives a li
t of the principal lakes of Canada by provinces,
with the area of each in square miles. The table corresponds ,vith
the constitution of the provincps as altered by the Boundar

Extension
Act, 1912 (2 Ceo. V, ce. 32, -10 and 45).

4.-Areas of Principal Canadian Lakes b)r Provinces.

N ames of Lakes

Areas.

Nova Scotia-
Bras d'Or............ .........
Little Bras d 'Or. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

New Brunswick-
Grand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec-
Abitibi, portion in Quebe['. . . . . '.
Apiskigamish. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Ashuanipi. . . . . . . . . . . .
A tikonak. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aylmer. . . . . . . . . .
Baskatong. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Burnt. . . .. :....................
Champlain, portion in Quebec.. . .
Chibougamau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clearwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Evans
Expan

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
Gull
Gra
d.ÿi
t

i
".
:::::::::::
:::
Great Long......... ..... ., '.
Indian House...... . ......... ., ..
Ishmmikuagan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kakabonga. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kniapiskau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kipawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lower Seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .
:Matapedia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manuan
Mattag

i'.'. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
:Megan tic........ .... ....
'Melville. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ . . .. ".
Memphremagog, part in. Quebec..
,:Menihek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minto
Mishik

'U:
"'''''.
: : : : : : : : : . : : : : : :
Mishikamats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mistassini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mistassinis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
N emiskau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nichikum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
N omining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Obatogamau.... .... ., .... ......
Olga. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ossokmanuan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Papineau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Patamisk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petitsikapau......... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipmaukin.. '" ........ .. . . " ".
Pletipi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quinze, Lac des........ . . . . . . . . . .
Richmond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Francis, Beauce county.......

Areas

Sq uare
Miles
230
130

74
25
392
319
331
8
17
56
3
138
478
231
59
125
57
245
306
87
65
441
117
221
16
113
87
14
1,298
28
112
235
612
122
975
206
56
208
9
56
50
131
5
44
747
94
100
138
46
269
13

N ames of Lakes.

360

Quebec-concluded.
St. Francis river, St. Lawrence,
part. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Louis... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Peter.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sandgirt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timiskaming, part. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temiscouata........ ............
Thirty-one Mile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Two Mountains..................
'G pper Seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'Vakonichi. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waswanipi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Whitefish......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ontario-
Abitibi portion in Ontario. . . . . . .
Bald.... .......................
Balsam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buckhorn. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......
Cameron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Couchiching....... . . . . . . . . - . ..
Deer........ ... ......... ..
Dog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eagle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Erie, portion in Ontario..........
George, portion in Ontario. . . . . . .
Huron, including Georgian bay,.
portion in Ontario.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
La Croix, portion in Ontario... . . .
Lansdowne.......... ., ..........
Long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manitou, Manitou island... . . . . ..
Mille Lacs, Lac de....... . . . . . . ..
l'rI ud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Muskoka................. ., .....
N

akan, portion in Ontario....
N
p
go.n... . . ., ...... . .. ., .. " ...
Nlplsslng...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Ontario, portion in Ontario. . . . . .
Panache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pigeon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rainy, portion in Ontario. .. . . . . .
Rice.......................... ..
St. Clair, portion in Ontario. . . "
St. Francis, river St. Lawrence,.
part. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Joseph.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . .
Saganaga, portion in Ontario.. . .
Sandy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Simcoe..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scugog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ston
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sq uare
Miles.

59
350
56
130
106
12
65
29
23
63
270
44
100
19
11,110
331
2
17
14
6
19
7
61
128
5,019
11
14,331
23
98
75
38
104
13
54
19
1,730
330
3,727
35
15
260
27
257
24
245
21
245
392
271
39
19

GEOGR.lPJI /C.IL FEA TURES

85

-1.- \r
uf 1
lncipal Canadian Lakes bS I
O\ln('e
-continul.ll.

am('s of Lak('
.

Un ta.rio--cone Iud ed.

turgcon, English river...
8turg('On, Victoria county.....
:-:;uperior, portion in Ontario.
Timagami... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Timiskaming, part. .
Trout, Engli!"h rivf'r. . .. . . ... . . .
Trou t.
evern rÏ\ er. . . . . . . . . . . .
Wanapitf.i...... .........
Woods, lake of the, part in Un-.
t.ario. . . .

'Jnnitoba-
Atikalllcg. . .
<.. '('dar . .
Cormorant. . . . . . .
Dauphin. . . . . . . . .
Doli!':. . . . . . _ . .. ..
ELb-nnd-flo\\ . . . . .. . . .
Etawnf'Y... .
(;ods... ..
Granville....... .
Island. . . . . . .
Kiskitto........ .
h.iski ttoJi!':isu. . . . . . .

Ianitoba..... ..

Ioo
.. ...

amp\\. part. . . .

orth Indian................ '"

pultin.part. ............. ...
PlaYJ!f{'pn... .... ...
R('('d. . . . . . . .. ...... . . .
Rpd. Df'pr, west of lake Winnip('g-
OSI
.......... ...
R('indel'r. part. . . . . . . . .

t. Martin.... .. . . ..
:,ptting. .. .
:,hoal. .. . . . .
:-;outh Indian..

\\ an. . . . . . . . . .
Todatara, part... .. ....
Waterh('n....... ..
W('kusko..._ ......
Winnipeg.... '" .....
Winnipegosis......... . . . .
Wuods, lake of the, part.

askatchewan-
Amisk. . . . . . . . . . . . .
A thabaska, part..... . . . .
Buffalo... ... . .
Candle... .
Chaplin.. .
Cree......... .. . .
Cumberland...... . . . . . . .
Dove........ . . . .
Ile-a-la-Crosse.... . . . ..
Johnston. . . .
Last
Iountain. ......
Little Quill..... .
Manitou... .
Montrpal.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

.A\reas.

q uarc
Miles.
106
18
11,1 ik
gO
52
134
233
4:>
1,325
41,lsS
90

8.)
141 I
200
64
39
625
319
: 92
5.S1
G9
122
1,817
552
12
184
76
224
86
hfi
134
125
5S
102
1,531
84
1;)6
83
83
9,459
2,0
6
60
19,894

111
1,801
281
150
66
106
lfi6
242
187
131
98
70
67
138 II

amps of Lakes.

Saskatc1wwan-eoncluùf'd.
X ame\\", part........ . . . . .. .. . .
Plongp, Lac la. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .....
Red Dp('r on R(.d D('pr river. . . .
Hf'indf't'r, part......... . . . . . .
Hong(', Lac In .... . . . . . .
WhitpLoon....... ...... '.
Witchikan....... ..........
Wollaston.... .... . . . . ..

Albprtn-
\ thabaska. part..
B('aver. ....
Bi('he, LfU. la. . . . . .
Buffalo..... .
Claire.. _..
J ('55<'1' SIn vc. . . .
Pakowki. .
Rullivan.. .

Briti:--h ('olumLia-
Adams. . ..
\tlin, part. .....
Bahine. .
Chilko.
Harrison.
Koot.('nay. . . . .
Lower Arro" . . . . . .
Okanagan. .
0" ikano.
QUf'
npl. . , . . .
ëhus\\ap.......... .
Stuart. . . . . . . . .
Tacla. . . . . , . .. . . . . . . .
Tagish, part... ... . .
Tpslin, part. .. .......
G pJX'r Arrow. . . .

orthwest Territocies-
Ab('rdf'f'n... ....
\ylmf'r.
Bakf'r. . . . _ . . . . . . .
Clinton-Colden. .
nubawnt. .......
Franklin........ .
Garry. . . . . . . . . . .
Gms,Lacde....... .
Great Bear......
c;reat Slave.... . .. ..
Kaminuriak..... .
Lower Seal. . . . . . . . . .
MacdougalL..... .. . . .
Maguse........ ....

lartre, Lac la. . . .. .
.Mackay. . . . . .
Kueltin, part.. .

utarawit........ ..
Pf'lIy. . . . . . .. . ......

Areas.

Sq uare-
M iles_
á4t
383
163
97
2,302
343
97
70
906

S,329

1,401
89
125
55
404
'\0
72
94

2,360

'>
;)-
331
306
172
122
220
64
135
98
147
124
220
135
91
123
99
2,439

.
14
612
1,029
674
1,654
122
9
0
674
11,821
10.719
368
220
318
490
1,225
980
230
343-
331

8G

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CANADA

4.-Areas of Principal Canadian Lakes by Provinces-concluded.

Names of Lakes.

Areas.

Names of Lakes.

Areas.

X ukon-
Aishihik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Atlin, part......... . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Kluane...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sq uare
Miles.
123
184
52
858
34,521
107
12
184

Yukon-concluded.
Kusawa..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Laberge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tagish, part..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teslin, part........ . . . . . .. . . . . . ..
!

Square
Miles.
56
87
32
48
123

Northwest Terri tories-concluded.
Schul tz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thoalintoa.. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Todatara, part.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
ì- athkyed....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

649
Canada.... . . .. .. . . .. . . . . .' 120,921:

Islands.- The northern and ,vestern coasts of Canada are
skirted by clusters of islands. Those on the north are nlostly ,yithin
the Arctic circle. On the west, V ancouv
r and Queen Charlotte
Islands are the largest and most important. On the east, besides the
separate island colony of Newfoundland, there are Cape Breton
Island, forming part of the province of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward
Island, forming one of the nine provinces of Canada, the l\Iagdalen
Island:3 and the i::;land of Anticosti. To the south of N e,vfoundland
are the t,vo slnall i.slands of St. Pierre and
1iq uelon belonging to
France. In lake Huron is the island of lVlanitoulin and the so-called
Thirty ThouRand Islands of Georgian Bay. In the St. La ,vrence
river, just belo,v lake Ontario, are the picturesque Thousand Islands.

ECONO
IIC GEOLOGY OF CANADA, 1919.

By 'VYATT MALCOLM. Geological Survey, Ottawa.
The purpose of the ,vriter in presenting this paper i:-3 to give a
brief review of the most important reports anel article
treating of
the economic geology of Canada, published during the year 1919.
It is hoped that this ,vill also serve to indicate to the reader ,vhere
detailed infornlation regarding the mineral resources of the country
may be obtained, since the articles revie,ved, although recently
publi
hed, do not necessarily contain the best and most complete
information on the subject. The nurübers appearing in brackets
throughout this paper refer to the names of the publishers listed at
the end.
Asbestos.-A report privately published by J. 1\:. I{Nox de-
scribes in detail the geological features of the serpentine belt of the
Coleraine area of the Thetford-Black Lake mining district. It is in
the serpentine belt that the asbestos and chronÜte deposits of Quebec
are found.
Clay.-1"he Canadian Chemical Journal of
larch, 1919, con-
tains a succinct description by J. I{EELE of the clay deposits of
northern Ontario, with suggestions as to how they should be treated
to obtain the best results in their utilization. L. REINECKE (6)
describes the occurrence of fire clay at Chimney Creek bridge, ,vest
of Fraser river, British Columbia.

ECO.YOJIIC GEOLOGY OF CANAlDAt, 1919

87

Coal.-1'he nUlpping of the nortlnvard extension of the coal
hearing strnta of the Cr()".snl'
t coal field ,vas cl1ntinued in lÐ18.
It ,vas carri(.d a:5 far as the hp:l<hvatcrs of Ohlnlal1 and Living-;tone
rivcrs ,vithin the Hoch.y lunUllÌains and of 'Yillo,y creek and tribu-
taril'
in the foothills.
\ccording to BUUCE l
osE (1) coal sin1Ïlar
to th:lt nlÌned in the Crow
ne",t Pass is found but is not lnined. It
is not pos
ible to p:ive 1l1e:lsurcd ::;ections nor to correlate the se:uns
".ith tho
e that are 111ined to the south, but se
un
ranging in thickne
s
fron1
ixte('n fCf't to five fept, or le

, ".ere oh
erve(l. In a rf'purt hy
J. B.
TE'VART (1) on the" Geol06'Y of th(' di:-\turbpd hplt of
()uth-
,,'estern
\lhprt:t" attention is directed to the coal se
Ull
of the Bellv
River :l.nd St. :\I:lry Hi, er fonl1ations of the arf'3. 1.'hP:--e have been
opened hy tunnel8 to suppl

the loeal dPlnand for dOllH'--tiC" fuf'l.
l'he results of investigations carried on in the southern part
of the Sydney cOLli field ,vcre prc'sellted by _\.. O. IIAYES (1), who
also reported on work done in the Chitoncy Corner and Ste. Ro:-\e
coal areas of lnvernp",:-\ county, in the Xpw CUIl1plH'llton area, Yic-
toria county, and the l
elnpto'\"n area, Colche::;t'r county, Nova
Scotia.
Cobalt.-
\ report on rohalt \vrittcn by C. ,Yo I)nl:RY (3} give

notes on thc various cohalt n1Ïnpral
, their occurrence throughout
the ,yorld and more particularly in Ontario, the uletallurgical pro-
Ce
:3e5 by ,,-hich the 11letal is rerovered, its chelnistry and U
l'
. An
intcresting occurrcnce of cobalt 3s
ociate(1 ,,-ith gold-bearing arseno-
pyrite and molybdenite in a vein eightf'cn inche
to four fect ,,-ide
on a clain1 adjacent to the I1úcher })e Boule propr'rtif's of 11 azelton
diç;.trict, nriti
h Coluulhia, is descrihed by J. J. O'N" FILL (1). In
the first eight-fivc feet of a tunnel drivf'1l 011 this vein four to eightcen
inches of solid sulphides ',"ere pxpo
eù, 'which 'were sa.id to average
:-.bO in gold and t,,"o and one-half to five per cent of cobalt.
Copper.-'Yith the exception of a paper in the Canadian
rining
Journal by l{.. E. JloHE on the lluntingflon copper lllÏne of Quehec,
and a de

ription by.\.. L. P o\.U
oxs (3) of copper deposit:, of north-
\\ estern Ontario, nearly all the reports of 1019 dealing '\vith copper
deposits of Canada are those de::;criptive of ore bodic:-{ in British
Columbia. Th
reports of the l{e
ident Engineers (5) of the l\Iineral

urvey dbtricts of British Columbia contain considprable matter
of interest to geologi8ts, in addition to the usual infornlation regarding
development ,york a t tl
various mine:--.
The Rocher De Boule mine i
the most itnportant copper mine
of the Hazelton district. J. J. O'
EILL (1) states that the country
rock was subjected to fissuring at t,,-o different period:5. Br{'cciation
of the rock occurred on certain zones along the line of the first fissuring.
The brecciated lllaterini suffered a certain degree of alteration and
the fi::;sure 'vas then filled 'with a, siliceous cement. .A second fissuring
in the same plane then follo'wed. Ore-bearing solutions entered
these fissures and deposition took place mainly in the brecciated
zone. Chalcopyrite and hornblende constitute ninety per cent of
the vein material.

88

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CA^"AD
4

The ore bodies of one of the most important copper mines of
British Columbia, the Britannia mine, have been briefly described
by S. J. SCHOFIELD (1). The ore is in lenticular masses in a great
shear zone; the schist of this zone has been impregnated or replaced
by pyrite, chalcopyrite and cupriferous pyrite with minor amounts
of zincblende. In his study of the geology of Quatsino sounj and
other parts of the west coast of Vancouver island V. DOLMAGE (1)
made an examination of the Old Sport copper mine. A limestone
series overlying a thick flo,v of andesite has been intruded by a mass
of diorite and has been extensively metamorpho.sed. The ore is
chalcopyrite, which occurs as small rounded grains and large irregular
bodies associated with a large amount of magnetite and smaller
amounts of pyrite and pyrrhot.ite. It is deposited mainly at the
base of the limestone ,vhere it rests upon the main body of andesite.
It probably had its origin in the intrusive diorite.
Gold.-A number of reports were published in 1919 dealing
with the geological features of several Precalllbrian areas of the Lauren-
tian plateau of l\Ianitoba, Ontario, and Quebec, in which gold lllining
ið being carried on or in which prospecting may be conducted with
reasonable chances of success. The reports of Resident Engineers
of the IVlineral Survey district of British Columbia (5) contain brief
notes on the gold mines and prospects of British Columbia.
The Cariboo placers, British Columbia, that have since 1860
yielded about $45,000,000 of gold ,yere examined by B. R. MAC!{AY
(1) in 1918. The preglacial gulch, creek and bench gravels are the
source of the greater part of the present output of the Cariboo.
Owing to the fact that these deposits occur in most cases buried
under a heavy mantle of drift, glacial outwash, and recent stream
gravels, many of them were entirely overlooked or the mining of
them had to be abandoned on account of water and other difficulties.
The cheaper methods of mining of the present day renders some of
these deposits comlllercially attractive. The tracing of these pre-
glacial gravels is a matter of detailèd study and mapping. 80me
notes by J. B. TYRRELL on the pla
er mines of Cariboo were pub-
lished in Economic Geology, 'T olume 14.
The origin of the gold deposits of Matachewan district, northern
Ontario, is dealt with by H. C. COOKE in Economic Geology, volume
14. The gold occurs in veinlet.:5 of qU:1rtz cutting granite porphyry
and in schists surrounding the intrusive porphyry In the schists
the ore bodies consist of a pegmatite dyke in the centre, a middle
zone of mineralized rock on each side of the pegnlatite and an outer
zone of altered rock without mineralization which grades into unal-
tered country rock. The ores were genetically connected with the
porphyry. A report and map by C. 'v. KNIGHT, A. G. BURROWS,
P. E. HOPKINS and A. L. PARSONS (3) on a stretch of country extend...
ing east from near Porcupine, Ontario, to the interprovincial boundary,
should be of great value to prospectors for gold. Geological for-
mation.3 are exposed that are promising and a number of gold prospects
have been opened. Other reports on gold areas in Ontario have been
presented by A. G. BURROWS (3) and P. E. HOPKINS (3). Notes on

I eo.., U...\IIC GEULuGl" UF CA.YA.D...l, 1.919

S9

a gold af<'a nn the upIH.'r lIarric
lnaw ri\.pr, (luchcc, 'Yen.' I>llbli
l){'d
hy A. \lAILIIIOT in VOlUlllP 10 of the Canadian l\lining Journal.

rhc \Vasupika gold area., Ontario, attracted cOll
ideraLle attplltion
in 1919, and dcscriptions of the geology of the arpa. are given b) H.
E. TloRE in the Canadian l\Iinin
Journal.
Intere:-\ting papers appearetl in th('
Iining :\Iag:l.zÏlle by F. C.
LOHI
G on the Porcupine field and II. 11. JOIIN
01\ on l
irklanù
Lake goldfield, and fI paper by E. Y'. DOUGHERTY discu
bing the
origin of the lode fi:-::-\urps of Porcupine appeared in VOhUH(' 118 of
.:\Iining and
cientific Pre
s.
] Iydronlagnesìte.-I)eposits of hydrated
arLonate;:, of Inag-
Ilesiulu at Clinton
l.nd to the north uf Clinton, B.C. are de
criLed
hy L. !{ElXECKE in the ranadi:1n ChClllical .Journal, aud in the
Bulletin of the ranadiun :I\Iillillg In
titutc. It is e::,tÏIllated that the
amount of high grnde Iuaterial at C'linton is 7,000 tOllS, at 'Vat
on
lak
2.r;,000 ton:3, and at l\Ieadow lake 180,000 ton
.
Iron -InforDlatioll ahout newly explored or little known part

of the country i
nhvays of intere;:,t, particularly if there are economic
po:-::-:ibilitif's ,vorth consid('rin
. ,r ery little infornlation about the
Belcher i
land
of IIudson hay had been available to the public until
after the visit of R. J. }4LAIlEH.TY and E. ì:5. :\IoOHE. E. S. ::\IOOUE
(l.>) pre
('nt;:; a c()l1
ideration of the iron ore po:"'\:-\ibilitie'-, of the i;o;land
.
T'he geolo
ical fonnations eon:-\i:-\t of a :;ediIlH'lltary serie::: of gray-
,vucke,
l.rko;:,e, slate, sandstone, quartzite, jasper, limestone and
dolomite ".ith :5ills and flo".
of Lasalt and diabasc, all prohahly of
Prec
lInhrian
l.ge. Iron ore:-, are fonn(l on the i="l:\lld
, but it "-as
not proved that they ".ere of cOIl1ll1erciai quantity and quality.
1
he geological forlnationR including some uf the iron ranges
of the :\Iichipieotcn district of Ontario have heen de.:5cribcd by \V.
H. COLLINS (1). 1
he iron ore in these ranp;e
con...:Ïsts of hClnatite
and
iderite, the iron fonnation being conlposed of a stratified a
so-
ciation of banded silica, iron oxidc
, pyrite, and :-:iderite or limestone.
Lead.-
ilver-lead depo
its of :\layo di:::trict, Yukon, that have
attracted consiòeruble attention, have been de"cribed by \\ . E. COCh--
FIELD (1). The geology of a part of Lemieux to,vnship, Quebec, in
which sonle exploration ".ork on zinc-lead deposits has been per-
formed ".as studied by _\..
IAILHIOT (4). 1'he ore occur" in ,,"pll
defined yein3 and consists of zincblcnde and galena in a gangue of
quartz and dolon1Ïte. .A. O. HAYES (1) presents notes on a galpna
vein near :I\lusquodoboit IIarbour, X ova Scotia. 1
he vein is two
feet six inches ".ide and fillR a fissure in granite. The
ame author
presents the re:-:ults of investigations of the zinc, lead-copper deposits
near Stirling, Richmond county, Xova ;3cotia.
l\lagnesium sulphate.-
\. number of snlall lakes carrying
depo
its of epsomite, a natural hydrnted
ulphate of magnesium, are
found in the south central part of British Columbia. I)escriptions
of those near Basque are given by G. C. CRUX in the Canadian
Chemical Journal, and of thosp near Clinton by L. REINECKE in the
Canadian ChenlÌcal Journal and the Bulletin of the Canadian
Iining

QO

PHYSICAL CHARACTERIS'T/CS OF CANADA

Institute. In the same publications l\IR. REINECKE also describes
the occurrence of sodium carbonate in solution in small lakes north
of Clinton. In some of these a bed of the salt is deposited during the
dry season.
Manganese.-The lack of shipping facilities during the war
created a brisk demand for manganese produced in Canada and the
United States. A great number of Canadian deposits were examined
to ascertain their cOlllmercial possibilities, and reports were made
in 1919 by A. O. HAYES (1) and E.. R. FARIBAULT (1) on certain
deposits in Nova Scotia and by G. C. l\1ACKENZIE (6) on a deposit
near lake Cowichan, 'Tancouver island.
Mercury.-Deposits of cinnabar, a sulphide of mercury, 'were
"-90rked at one time on the north side of Kamloops lake, British
Columbia. The deposits, \vhich have been described by CHARLES
CAMSELL (1), occupy fissures. traversing sedimentary and volf'anic
rocks. The cinnabar is frequently associated \vith stibnite in

gangue of quartz, calcite or dolomite.
Mica.-L. REINECKE (6) reports muscovite mica as occurring
in pegmatite dykes in the Clearwater mountains north of Canim lake,
British Columbia Crystals range from one inch to twelve inches
across. Only actual development \vork will prove whether market-
able mica is pre3ent in paying quantities.
Molybdenite.-Brief notes are given by A. O. HAYES (1) on
certain molybdenite occurrences in Cape Breton county, Nova
Scotia. L. REI
ECKE (6) describes the occurrence of a deposit of
molybdenite on Timothy mountain, thirty-five miles northeast of
Lac la Hache, British Columbia. Fissure veins carrying molyb-
, denite, gold and cobalt occur on a claim adjoining the Rocher De
Boule properties of the Hazelton district. 1
hese are described by
J. J. O'NEILL (1).
Peridot.- Peridot, the precious form of olivine, is found on
Timothy mountain, British Columbia. L. REINECKE (6) describes
it as occurring in coarsely crystalline masses in a basaltic matrix.
The stones are of a yellowish green to pale and dark green colour,
and certain of thelll that have been cut have made very fine gelns.
Petroleum and Natural Gas.-lVluch has been published
that is of interest to geologists engaged in the search for petroleum.
D. B. DOWLING (1) describes the general geological conditions of
Alberta and Saskatche'wan and presents the log.s of the most impor-
tant wells drilled in the prairie provinces; S. E. SLIPPER (1) describes
in greater detail the geology of southern and central Alberta; F. H.
l\lcLEARN (1) makes correl
tions of the Cretaceous formations of
the Peace and Athabaska valleys; and J. S. STEWART (1) presents
the results of his investigations in the disturbed belt of soutlnvestern
Alberta. Our kno,vledge of the geological conditions existing in
l\lackenzie River basin has been set forth in a report by CHARLES
CAMSELL and '\VYATT l\IALCOLl\I (1). It is near Norman in the
l\lackenzie ba:3in that oil ,vas discovered in the Devonian formation
by the Imperial Oil Company.

FrO.YOJ! IC GEOLOGY OF C.LY.tD.l, 1919

91

_\ttcntion has been direct('d to the po:-\
ihility of revIvIng or
extending S0111C of t he older producing oil fields of Canada and a.
thoruu
h study of the fields of :5outh,ve:;tern Untario "as Inadc by

l. \.. \rILLIA
18 (1).
Platinußl.-fhe shortage in recent year:'\ of platinunl for use in
I:-lboratories and in the chelnical industries led to considerable atten-
tion h(\in
given tu t he po
:-\ibility of increasing the rE:covery of this
metal in ('anad:t frolll thp kno,vn sources and of discovering ne,v
sources of supply. X ot('
on investigations in _\lberta. are pub-
lished hy G. ('. .:\I.-\Ch.EXZIE (ö) and in J
ritish Cohllnbia by (
. C.
:\lACKE
ZI
(ü) and Cn -\RLEb C \. '(sELL (1).
\ nUll) hpr of quartz
veins in southeastern :\Ianitoha reported to carry platinulll ,,"cre
san)pled b
E. L. Bu,:cg (1), hut no platinulll ,vas found. ""'ILT...L\
I
rrIIo
n..Ix:",;o" publishl'<1 in the ('nnadian
Iining .Juurnal the r('sult

of assa} 3 of salnples of a nUIllber of nlÌncralilC'd veins at Franklin
camp in southern British Cohnnhia; bOlne of the;::,e were n
('ertaint,d
to be platinunl-hearing. J. J. U'X}
ILL (1) presC'nted a reyie,v of
the platinunl
ituation in Canada and nn article by ,\. L. UGLO"'"
appearcd in the Engineering and
Iilling Journal on the" Geology
of platinunl d(\po:,it
) " in ,,-hich he de:-,crihed the nlutle of OCCUITC'nce
of the ku()\,'u piatinulu dl'po:,it
.
Pyrite.-Pyritei::; a nlÌneral fronl ,\ hich, hy burning, sulphur
dioxide is evolyed for use in the lnallufacture of 8ulphuric acid. It
is produced in con
idl'rable quantitie
in Canada. I)cI>o
its in the

Iichipicoten di
tri('t have he('n de:-:eribed hy ".. 11. ('OLLINb (1).
ßlo
t of thl.;;:e depo=,it::5 hplong to t he iron fonnatioll, ".hich i
com-
posed essentially of handed
ilicn, pyrite, and siderite, or sideritic
liInestone, arrall
t'd in
tratiforlll fa
hi()n. 1'hc seg
egations ran
e
fronl ore c:\rrying ninety per cent of p) rite down to carbonate or
schi:st sp:lringly iIn:1r('
n:lted 'with pyrite. rrhere are a fe,v slnaller
bodies of high gr:\de pyrite that do not occur ",ith handed :;ilica or
siderite, nnd that are thought to he fis
ure-filling
or replaceluents
deposits.
Radium-bearing minerals.-De::'cription
are given in the
Canadian 1\Iining Journnl by C. 'V. I

IGHT and It. E. IIoHE of the
occurrence of pitchblende in the to,vnship of Butt, Xipi

ing di:;;;trict,
Ontario. The nÜnernl occurs in grail1:S about the :-,ize of peas or larger,
associated with a n.d fcld:'\par in a pegnlatite dike.
Road \laterials.
l{eports (1) ,,"ere published in 1919 on inves-
tigntions nlnde on road nlaterials in 1\Iontreal and vicinity and in
the vicinity of }{egina by H. GAUTHIER and L. HEI
ECKE respec-
tiyely. In )Iontreal and yicinity bedrock in the fOfln of dolomite,
limestone, and igneous rock is utilized in road construction. In the
yicinity of Regina th(to only materials available are glacial boulders,
gravels, and :-;ands.
Salt.-The discovery of the salt beds at ::\Ialagash, Nova Scotia,
is de:scribed by ...\. O. HAYES (1). In vie,,, of the large amount of salt
utilized in the fi
h curing industry of the 111aritinle province.;; thi"
discovery is of economic inlportance. The salt i
no,,- being mined.

92

PHJ:SICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CA
VADA

The deposits are also described by L. H. COLE in the Canadian

lining Journal.
Silver.-In a report on the economic geology of Hazelton dis-
trict, British Columbia, J. J . O'NEILL (1) describes the
ilver-Iead
deposits of the Silver Standard, American Boy and other mine3
north of Bulkley river. The ore conöi8ts of galena, sphalerite and
tetrahedrite in a siliceous gangue. The vein matter fills fissures in
tuffs. The annual reports of GEO. CLOTHIER and JOHN D. GALLOWAY
on northern British Columbia (5) còntain notes of interest to econ-
omic geologists.
Tungsten.-G. .L-\' YOUNG (1) describes the wolframite deposits
that have. been mined to a certain extent on the l\lain Southwest
l\liramichi river, near t.he mouth of Burnthill brook, N e\v Brunswick.
The wolframite OCC'lrs in quartz veins cutting argillites near a granite
intrusion. Traces of tinstone have also been found. If, as seems
probable, the deposits are connected in origin 'with the granite, then
occurrences of thiö type of ore deposit may be expected in other
areas, for a zone of large granite. bodies extends across New Bruns-
wick from the vicinity of Chaleur bay southwest to the l\Iaine
boundary. The occurrence of scheelite in a fine-grained, horn-
blendic rock northwest of Falcon lake, l\Ianitoba, has been described
by E. L. BRUCE (1). Information regarding the scheelite deposit of
Hardscrabble- creek, British Columbia, is given by JOHN D. GALLOWAY
(5), and regarding the scheelite found in the auriferous gravels of
Dublin gulch, Yukon, by \V. E. COCKFIELD (1).
Miscellaneous.-As a result of the cutting off of the European
supply of potash during the ,var the attention of America WU.5 turned
to the recovery of this element from heretofore neglected sources.
The dust from Portland cement plants is one of these sources.
Processes employed in the recovery of potash contained in this dust
have been described by ALFRED \V. G. \VILSON (2).
An examination ,vas made by IVI. E. WILSON of the only known
commercial deposit of kaolin in Canada in 1919 (1). This deposit
lies in Amherst township, Quebec. The kaolin occurs in fracture
zone of Grenville quartzite. It is finely disseminated between the
quartz grains and is found in veins following the planes of fracture
and movement and in more extensive deposits up to one hundred
feet in width and several hundred feet in length.
Pebbles that might be suitable for use in tube mills have been
described (1) as occurring as a beach deposit on Gabarus bay, Nova
Scotia. A report by A. LEDOUX (3) on the sand and gravel deposits
of Ontario ,vas published in 1919.

SOURCE OF REPOR1S AND ARlICLES REFERRED '10 IN THE TEXT.
(1) Geological Survey, Ottawa. (2) Mines Branch, Department of Mines, Ottawa. (3) Department
of Mines, Toronto, Ontario. (4) Mines Branch, Department of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries,
Quebec. (5) Department of
Iines, Victoria, B.C. (6) Canadian Mining Institute, Drummond Building,
Montreal.

.tRb.\ ."LYD POPlTL.ITIO.V

93

I'-.-..\RE.L\ ..\1
I) POP{TL..\TIO:\.

,Area by Provinces and Territories.-'rahl e t :--ho\\":-- thp total
area of the I)onlÌnion in lana and ,,-ater and it:' di:-:t rihution into
provinces and territurie
.
1.-I
nd and \\atcr \rea of C'anada b)' .-rmlnces and Territories as In 1920.

Provinces.

I Land.

Total
\\ ater. Lund and
Water _

Prince Ed ward Island..
Nova Scotia...... .
New Brunswick.. .
Que bee. . . . . . . . . .. ....................
Ontario. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatchewan..... . . . . .
Alberta.. . . . . . . . .. . . .
British Columbia. ........ . . . .
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Northwest Territories-
Franklin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.000 500,000
J{eewatin .......... ........ ........ 205.97:
6.851 212,824
:MacKenzie.............. ........ ............. 301.953 1 27,447 529,400
Total.. .. .. ............... ........... 3.603.:
:U;1 126.3291 3,729,665
'The \vat('l" area i
cxdu:-iive uf lluù:::;ull bay, Cllgava hay, the ba
.
of Fundy, the gulf of bt. La,vrence and all othcr tidal ".aters, except-
ing that portion of t he river St. La\VrenCf' \vhich is het" cen Pointf'-
de:-;-::\[ont::; and the foot of lake St. l>eter, in Quebec.
Increase of Popula tion.-According to the corrected returns of
the fifth Census, the total population on June 1, 1911, ,,-as 7,20H,G-t-3,
reprp
enting an increa
e of 1,835,32ð since the previou:-, Census of
April 1, HJOl. For tbe period covered, the rate of increase, viz.,
3-1. 17 p.c., was the largC'st in the world, and was duC' to the heavy tidp
of in1nligration "which
et in with the beginning of the pre...ent cC'ntury.
The countries nexi in order, in re:')pect of the percentage rates of in-
crease during the ..,ame or ncare'3t corregponding decade, \verc: N e".
Zealand 30.3, the lTnited btates 21, Auo..:tralia 18, (;ernlany 15.2,
Holland 14. H, S,,-itzerland 13.2, ])ennlark 12.6, Belgium 10.9,
Austria g.3, United I
ingdonl 9.1, Hungary 8..), R"reden 7.;), Italy

nd K onvay ö.
and :France 1. ß. Ontario and Quebec continued
to be the most largely populated of the nine provinces, the forn1er
having 2,523,274 and the latter 2,00:3,232 inhabitants. K one of
the other provinces had in 1911 reached half a In ill ion; but Sa
k-
katche\van had the third largest population ".ith 492.432. All the
provinces showed an incfl'a:-ie
incf' 1901. excepting Prince Ed,vard
Island, ,,-here the population had decrea:;;e(l by 9,531, or 9.23 p.c.
The Yukon and Xortll\vest Territorie
, ,,-ith relatively sparsp popu-
lations, sholved decrenses n;oo; compared ".ith 1901. The greate
t
relative incrense ,vas in the .western provinces, especially in Sask-
atche,,-an and Alberta. (For tbe results of the quinquennial cenSUd
of 1916 in the PrairiC' Provinces, f::ee pa
es 10.5-107.)

q milps.
q. miles. sq. miles.
2,1S4 2,184
21, OtiS 360 21,428
27,911 74 27,985
690,865 15,969 706,834
365,880 41,382 407,262
231,926 19,906 251,832
242,8Ub 8,892 251,700
252, H251 2,360 255,285
353,416 2,439 355,855
206,427 649 207,076

94

AREA AND POPULATIOlv

Table 2 sho\ys by provinces and territories the population of
Canada, as returned at each decennial census from 1871-the first
taken since Confederation -to the last decennial census of 1911.
2.-Population of Canada by Provinces and Territories in the Census years 1871 to 1911.

Provinces. 1871. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1911.
Prince Ed ward Island... . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,021 108,891 109,078 103,259 93,728
Nova Scotia. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387,800 440,572 450,396 459,574 492,338
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285,594 321,233 321,263 331,120 351,889
Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . 1,191,516 1,359,027 1,488,535 1,648,898 2,003,232
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1,620,851 1,926,922 2,114,321 2,182,947 2,523,274
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . , . . . . . . . 25,228 62,260 152,506 255,211 455,614
Saskatchewan....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 91,279 492,432
Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 73,022 374,663
British Columbia.. . . . .. " . . . . . . . . .. . 36,247 49,459 98,173 178,657 392,480
Yukon Territory... . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . - - - 27,219 8,512
Northwest Territories....... . . . . . . . . 48,000 56,446 98,967 20,129 18,481
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,689,257 4.324,818 4,833,239 5,371,aI5 7,206,643

3.-Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901.

POPULATION IN 1911.
Provinces Area Popula-
and in Per tion in
Districts. acres. Male. Female. Total. square 1901.
mile.
CAN
'DA 2,386,985,395 2 3,821,995 3,381,648 7,206,643 1.93 5,371,315
Prince Ed ward 93, 728 1
Island. 1,391' ,991 2 47,069 46,659 42.91 103,259
Kings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410,355 11 , 598 11,038 22,636 35.31 24,725
Prince... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498,065 16,551 16,228 32,779 42.12 35,400
Queens.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489,571 18,920 19,393 38,313 50.09 43,134
Nm"a Scotia. 13,713,920 2 251,019 241,319 492,338 22.98 459,574
Annapolis........ .. . . . 847,280 9,374 9,207 18,581 14.04 18,842
Antigonish. . . . . . . . . . . . 355,840 5,915 6,047 11 , 962 21.51 13,617
Cape Breton N. and
Victoria. . .. . . . . . . . . 867,264 15,435 14,453 29,888 22.06 24,650
Cape Breton S....... . 462,016 28,853 24,499 53,352 73.90 35,081
Colchester. . . . . . . . . . . . 928,640 11, 746 11,918 23,664 16.31 24,900
Cum berland. . . . . . . . . . 1,077,120 20,708 19,835 40,543 24.09 36, 168
Digby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640,000 10,206 9,961 20,167 20.17 20,322
Gu sborou h......... 1 059840 8 858 8 190 17,048 10.29 18,320

y g
NOTE.-The totals of areas for Canada and the provinces and territories arc as measured
by a planimeter on the map, and em brace land and water, while those for districts are the
totals of their respective subdistricts, and are land areas only, excepting, as may be indicated
by footnotes, where large areas are unsurveyed and unoccupied.
IThe population of the Prairie Provinces, according to the Census of 1916, is given on
page 105. 2By map measurement.

.\HE.l .LYD J>OPUL.l TIO.Y

95

3.-.\.rea und Population or f..-'8llada In 1911 b). l'rO\ioct
and Districts and
l'OI)ulatlon 10 1901 -con.

})OPULATIO:S IN 1911.
J)rovinces Area . Popula-
and in Per tion in
Districts. acres. 'laIc. Female. Total. sq uare 1901.
mile.
.:\0\3 ""icoth -con.
Halifax City and
Coun(y. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,3.58,960 0,061 40,1!}ó 80, :?jï l 37.80 74,662
Rants. . . . . . . ....... 7b6,560 10,016 9,687 19,703 16.03 20,056
Inverness. . . . . . . . . . . . . 910,600 13,079 12,492 25,571 18.15 24,353
Kings... . ......... 552,960 10,995 1O,78j 21,780' 25.21 21,937
Lunenburg. . . .. . . . ... .. 769,280 17,121 16,139 3
, 2601 27.67 32,389
Pictou. . . . . . ......... 719,360 18,213 17,645 3':>, :-..,').... 31. 90 33,459
Richmond.... .... . . . . 312,960 6,82h 6,445 13,273' 27.14 13,515
Shplburne and Queens 1,294,387 12,261 11, 950 24,2111 11. 97 24,428
Yarmouth. . . . . . . . . . . . 549,604 11,350 11 , 870 23,220 27.04 22.869
1S"e\\ Uruns1\lck. 11,910.100 1;9, b6ì l 172,O.
2 351,S'9 12.61 331,121
Carleton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838,78,') 11,034 1 10, 412 1 21,440 16.36 21.621
Charlotte. .. .. .. . . . . . . 821,376 10,774 1 10,373 21,147 16.48 22,415
Gloucester.. ..... . . . . . 1,196,67û 16,588. 16,074, 32,662 17.47 27,936
I{ent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,137,931 12,435 1 11 , 941 24,376 1 13.71 23,958
Kings and Albert..... 1,345,110 15,470, 14,815 1 30,285 14.41 32,580
Xorthumberland.... . 3,033,985 16,150 1 15,0-1-1 1 31.194 6.58 28.543
Restigouche... . . . . . . . 2,092,595 8,434 1 7,253 15, 687 1 4.80 10,586
St. John City and
County. . . . . . . . . . . . . 394,163 26, 082 1 27.490 53,572 86.98 51, 759
Sunbury and Queens.. 1,618,742 8,986 I 8, 130 1 17,116' 6.77 16,906
Victoria and Mada- 15,OS6 1
"aska..... . ... ..... 2,153,549 13,136 1 28,222 8.39 21,136
\Yestmoreland. . . . . . . . 922,993 22,703 21,918 44,62] 30.94 42,060
'\ ork. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,307,367 16,125 15,436 31,56] 8.75 31,620
Qu('bc('. 22.),19
.561 1,011,502
91,730' 2,003,232 5.69 1 1,6.jð,898
.\rgenteuil. . .. . . . . . . . . 50 1,355 8.657' 8,IOPI 16,7G6; 21.43 16,407
Eagot.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221.530 9,135, 9,07J 18,20G 52.60 18,181
Beauce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.210,266 26, 035 1 25,364 51,399: 27.181 43,129
Beauharnois. .. . . . . . . . 94,105 10,640 10,162 20,802 1 141.47 21,732
Bellechasse. .. . . . . . . . . 417,690 10. 63
' 10.509
21,141 32.39 18,706
Berthier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,403,359 9, 950 9.9221 19,872 9.06 19.980
Bonaventure........ . . 2,216,550 14,379 13,7311 28, 1101 8.12 24,495
Brome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,422 6,871 6,345 13,216 27.07 13,397
Cham bly and Ver- 14,3881
c h è res. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215,680 14,327 28, 715 85.21 24,318
Champlain.. . . . . . . . . . 6,353,248 23, 293 19,465 1 42, 758 1 4.31 32.015
Charlevoix. . . . . . . . . . . 1,455,034 10.649 9.988 20.637 9.08 19,334
Châteauguay. . . . . . . . . Ib9,779 6,647 6,675, 13, 322 1 50.22 13,583
Chicoutimi and
Saguenay. . . . .. . . . . . 87,795,034 32,729, 30,612 63,341 0.46 48,291
Compton. . . . . . . . . . . . . 920.U
ß 15,655 13,975; 29,630 20.59 26,460
Dorchester. . . . . . . . . . . G02,624 12,930 12,166, 25,OU6 1 26.65 21,007
Drummond and Ar-
thabaska. . . . . . . . . . . 766,607 21,233 '>0 3--- 41,5UO 34.72 38.999
- . OJ'I
Gaspè. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,912,941 18,195 16,806 35,001' 7.69 30,683
Hochelaga....... . 1,784 36,707 38,342 1 75,049 1 26,918.58 56,919
Huntingdon. . .. .. .. . 231,200 6,707 6,533 13,240' 36.65 13,979
Jacques-Cartier. . . . . . . 73 ,bO
32,737 32,286 1 ('5,0231 563.86 26,168
Joliette. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1,928,640 11 . 841 12,070 23,911 7.93 22,255
Kamouraska... .. .... 664,006 10,619 10,269 20,888 20.13 19,099
Labelle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,456,052 21,131 19, 220j 40,351 10.52 32.901
Laprairie and N spier-
ville. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204.2
8 9,93i 9,398 19,335 60.57 19,633
L' Assomption......... 157,b54 7,577 7, 587 1 15.164 1 61.48 13,995
La val. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,287 15,370 14,607 '>9 9--- 201. 34 19,743
- , "
Lèvis 13 106.351 26 210

173,977

14.3191

14, 594

28,9

IBy map measurement-

96

AREA. AJ.lD POPULATIOJ.Y

3.-Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in 1901-con.

Provinces
and
Districts.

Quebec-con.
L'Islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lotbinière..... . . . . . . .
Maisonneuve........ . .
Maskinongè. . . . . . . . . . .
Mègantic. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Missisquoi. . . . . . . . . . . .
Montcalna.... .......
Montmagny. . . . . . . . . .
Montnaorency. . . . . . . . .
Montreal-Ste. Anne.. .
Montreal-St. Antoine.
Montreal-St. Jacques.
Montreal-St. Laurent.
Montreal-Ste. Marie. .
Nicolet...... . . . . . . . . .
Pontiac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Portneuf. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec Centre........
Quebec East..........
Quebec West......... .
Quebec County. . . . . . .
Richelieu. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Richnaond and 'V oUe.
Rimouski. . . . . . . . . . . .
Rouville............. .
St. Hyacinthe........
St. John and lberville
Shefford........ . . . . . .
Sherbrooke. . . . . . . . . . .
Soulanges. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stanstead. . . . . . . . . . . .
Tènaiscouata. . . . . . . . . .
Terrebonne. . . .. .....
Three Rivers and St.
Maurice. . . . . . . . . . . .
Two Mountains...... .
Vaudreuil. . . . . . . . . . . . .
W righ t. . . . . . .. . . . . . ..
Yamaska. . . . . . . . .-. . . .
Quebec, unorganized. .

Ontario.
Algonaa E. . . . . . . . . . . .
Algoma W....... . . . . .
Brant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brantford. . . . . . . . . . . .
Brockville. . . . . . . . . . . .
Bruce N.... . . . . . . . . . .
Bruce S. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carleton........ . . . . . .
Dufferin. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dundas........ . . . . . . .
Durham. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elgin E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elgin W.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Essex N.... . . . . . . . . . .
Essex S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frontenac........... .
Glengarry. . . . . . . . . . . .

IBy map naeasurenaent.

Area
in
acres.

494,596
464,895
6,388
1,881,600
499,304
240,140
2,698,120
403,286
1,367,654
829
1,062
438
544
621
400,690
12,747,098
952,832
824
594
503
1,746,239
141,602
783,565
3,574,468
155,505
177,671
257,934
363,008
152,064
87,111
276,786
1,155,961
500,366
1,643,552
178,725
128,414
1,553,711
233,578

166,951,636 1
31,433,370
14,248,389
213,905
55,592
175,919
608,608
447,655
416,558
356,248
245,199
402.549
232,014
228,849
153,133
299,222
1,021,380
305,660

POPULATION IN 1911.
Popula-
Per tion in
Female. Total. sq uare 1901.
mile.
7,897 16,435 21.27 14,439
11,014 22,158 30.50 20,039
85,401 170,978 17,265.27 65, 178
8,244 16,509 5.62 15,813
14,875 31,314 40.14 23,878
8,573 17,466 46.55 17,339
6,796 13,862 3.30 13,001
8,627 17,356 27.54 14,757
6,609 13,215 6.18 12,311
10,274 21,676 16,738.22 23, 368
24,929 48,638 29,317.66 47,653
22,029 44,057 64,410.82 42,618
28,223 55,860 65,717.65 48,808
27,628 54,910 56,608.25 40,631
14,978 30,055 48.01 27,209
13,782 29,416 1.48 25,722
15,193 30,529 20.51 27, 159
12,141 21,663 16,793.02 20,366
24,972 47,429 51,108.83 39,325
5,248 9,618 12,236.64 9, 149
12,986 25,844 9.48 22,101
10,354 20, 686 93 50 19,518
19,261 39,491 32.26 34,137
24,999 51,490 9.22 40, 157
6,522 13,131 54.12 13,407
11, 709 22,342 80.48 21,543
10,820 21,882 54.29 20,679
11,831 23,976 42.27 23,628
11 , 563 23,211 97.69 18,426
4,760 9,400 69.06 9,928
10,464 20,765 48.03 18,998
17,780 36,430 20.17 29, 185
14,426 29,018 37.12 26,816
17,950 36,153 14.08 29,311
6,866 13,868 49.66 14,438
5,454 11 , 039 55.02 10,445
23,561 48,332 19.91 42,830
9,706 19,511 53.46 20,564
734 2,066 - 2,405
1,2
3,984 2,523,214 9.61 2,182,941
15,690 44,628 0.91 25,211
10,804 28,752 1.29 17,894
9,524 19,259 57.62 18,273
12,867 26,617 306.44 19,867
9,541 18,531 67.42 18,721
11,617 23,783 25.00 27,424
12,965 26,249 37.53 31,596
13,644 28,406 43.64 24,380
8,511 17,740 31.87 21,036
9,117 18,165 47 .43 19,757
12,794 26, 411 42.00 27,570
8,595 17,597 48.54 17,901
13,246 26,715 74.72 25,685
18,509 38,006 158.84 28,789
14,471 29, 541 1 63.18 29,955
10,452 21,944 13.75 24,746
10 51 21 2"9
44.51 22 131

Male.

8,538
11,144
85,577
8,265
16,439
8,893
7,066
8,729
6,606
11,402
23,709
22,028
27,637
27,282
15,077
15,634
15,336
9,522
22,457
4,370
12,858
10,332
20,230
26,491
6,609
10, 633
11 , 062
12,145
11,648
4,640
10,301
18,650
14,592
18,203
7,002
5,585
24,771
9,805
1,332
1,299,290
28,938
17,948
9,735
13,750
8,990
12,166
13,284
14,762
9,229
9,048
13,617
9,002
13,469
19,4<)7
15,070
11,492
10,608

.6

, i)

lRE
l ...1..\ /) POPUL.t r/o.v

97

3.
\rt
a and POludafion of ('anad:I In 1911 b)' PrO\illr('
and DistrIcts and
('opulation in 1901 -con.

}>OP"LLATION IN 1911.
!>rovinCl>S .\rca Popula-
and in I"('r tion in
Districts. acres.
Ialc. Fcmall' . Total. Fquaro 1901.
mill'.
Ontario- -COD.
Grcnvillc..... . . . . . . . . 2D6,209 8,479 9,OtJ6 17,545 37.91 21,021
Gr('y E.. . . ... . . . . . . . . 440,356 10, 1451 9, 505 1 19,W0 1 28.57 23,663
Gre) X.............. 2S6, 7
4 13,778 13,213 26,9Ul 60.23 24,874
(; r(')' S.... . . . . . . . . . . . 365,(
85 9,725' 9,525, 19,250 33.67 21,053
Haldimanrl......... . . 313,203 11 ,04'> 10,517 21, 562 44.18 21,233
H "hon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232,120 11 , ':>35 10,673 22,208 61.23 19,545
Hamilton F.. . . . . . . . . 1,724 20,!}SD 18,804 :W,7f13 14,792.94 24,000
Hamilton W...... . . . . 2,266 18,644 18,635 37,279 1,053.08 28,634
Hastings E. .. . . . . . . . . 826,504 13,075 11 , 903 24,978 19.34 27,943
Hastings W. . . . . . . . . . . 660,20'> 15,437 15,388 30,825 29.89 31, 348
H uron I
... . . . .. . . . . . . 274,073 8,OflO 8,199 16,2ð9 3S.04 19,227
H UTon :-:;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2!IS,.;35 9,764 9,744 HJ, 508 41.82 22,881
Huron \\'.. . . . . . . . . . . . 256,455 8,452 8,734 17 , 186 42.88 19,712
I\:ent E... ... . . . . . . . . . 2G.),33û 12,137 11,561 23,098 57.16 25,328
Kent \r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,96
16,414 15,883 32,297 64.21 31,8b6
Kin

ton.. . . . . . .. . . . . 2,266 9,82':> 10,835 20,660 5,836.16 19,788
I.umhton E........... 3':>1,140 11,267 10,956 22,223 40.51 26,919
l..a.rnhton \'".. . . . . . . 3(j.
,363 14, 901 14,208 29, 109 50.58 29,723
Lanark
..... . . - . .. . 362,641 7, 018 7,606 14, 624 25.82 17,236
Lanar k S. . .. . . . , . . . 36.3,6G6 9,904 9,847 19,751 34.57 19,996
L('ed
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399.876 9,157 9, 065 18,222 29.14 19,254
Lf'nnox and Addington 748,654 10,131 10,25:>1 20,386 17.42 23,346
Lincoln. . . . . . . . 212,739 17,902 17, 527 1 35,429 106.58 30,5:>2
London. . .. ... 4,2':>2 21,901 24,399 46,300 6,962.41 ð7,Ð76
:\liddlescx E...... .. . . 264,71
10,666 1 10,14 20,814 50.32 20,228
'lidùlesex X......... . 27!),33:. 7,011 6,726 13,737 31.47 16,419
"iddk
x W......... 242,99-1 8, 16-1, 8,0.30 16,214 42.70 18,079
'I usloka. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,014,650 11, 204 1 10, 029 21 , 233 13.39 20,971
X ipissing. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,206,767 43,284, 30,846 7",130 2.35 28,309
Xorfolk.. . . . . .. . . . .. . 405,927 13,702 13,40
, 27, 110 42.74 29,147
X orthum berland E.. . 2h0,737 10,307 9,620' 19,927, 45.44 20,4U5
Xorthumbcrland Woo. 170,007 6,356 6,609 12,96J 1 48.80 13,055
Ontario N..... . . . . . .. 323,086 8,797 8,344 17,141 33.95 18,390
Ontario S....... . . . . . . 222,523 12,263 11,602 23,8651 68.64 22,018
Ottawa City.......... 3,043 34,790 38,403 73,193 1 15,396.21 57,640
Oxford X....... . . . . . . 262,756 12,691 12,386 25,077 61.08 25, 644
Oxford Boo........ . . . . 226,554 11 , 355 10,939' 22,29
62.98 22,760
Parry Sound....... . , . 2,514,109 14,480 12, 087 1 26,5471 6.76 24,936
l)cel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299,849 11 , 644 10,458 22,102 47.1b 21,475
Pprth
.............. 275,051 15, 2.n' 14,994' 30,235, 70.35 29,256
Perth S. .. . . . .. . . . . . . 262,281 9, 6771 9,270 18,947 1 46.23 20,615
Peterborough E. . . . . . 570,479 8,028 7,471 15,4!)
17.39 16,291
Peterborough W...... 354,437 12,936 13,215 26,151 47.23 20,704
l>rescot t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316,344 13, 669 1 13,299 26,968 54.56 27,035
Prin('c Edward... . .. . 249,S53 8,44
8,702 17,150 43.93 17,864
Renfrew N... . . . . . . . . 676,99R 12,0!nl 11 , 526 23,617 22.32 24,556
Renfrew S...... . . . . . . 1,052,770 14,20Ð 13,643 27,852 16.93 27,676
Russell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447,152 20,lðR' 19,246 39,434 56.44 35,166
Simcoe E... . . .. . . . . . . 338,805 18' 324 1 16,970 35,294 66.67 29,845
Simcoe X.. . . . . . . . . . . 367,917 12,664 12,035, 24,699 42.96 26,071
Simcoe S.... . . . . . . . . . 357,508 12,621 12,439 25,060 44.86 26,399
Stormont....... . . . .. . 263.890 12, 273 1 12, 502 1 24,775 1 60.10 27,042
Thunder Bay and
Rainy River........ 46,450,167 42,293 24,956 1 67,249 0.93 28,987
Toronto Centre...... . 651 27,550 25,575 53, 125 52,083.33 43,861
Toronto E...... . . . . . . 2,198 33,888 35,024 68,912 20,090.97 40,194
Toronto X........ . . . . I,R67 24,499 31,970 56,469 19,338.70 40,886
Toronto S............ 2,917 24,312, 19,644 43,956 9,639.47 38, 108
Toronto \".... . . . . . . . . 3,144 51, 5
)31 53,698 105,291 21,444.20 44,991
Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,813,908 19, 06.Q 17, 431, 36,4U9, 12.89 38, 511
Waterloo X........ . .. 174,849 16,616' 17,003 33,619 123.06 27,124

18427-7

98

AREA AND POPULATION

3.-Area and Population of Canada in 1911 by Provinces and Districts and
Population in lool-concluded.

POPULATION IN 1911.
Provinces Area Popula-
and in Per tion in
Districts. acres. Male. Female. Total. square 1901.
mile.
Ontario-con.
aterloo S. . . . . . . . . . . 155,271 14,475 14,513 28,988 119.47 25,470
eHand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247,849 22,272 19,891 42,163 108.87 31,588
ellington N... . . . . . . 371,496 11 ,366 10,926 22,292 38.40 26, 120
ellington Soo.... . . . . 280,882 16,265 15,935 32,200 75.36 29,526
entworth.......... . 289,257 17,724 16,910 34,634 76.63 26,818
ork Centre. . . . . . . . . . 213,586 13,827 12,221 26,048 78.05 21,505
ork N.............. 275,554 11,456 10,959 22,415 52.05 22,419
ork S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,745 34,703 33,315 68,018 624.13 20,699
Manitoba. 47,188,298 1 258,056 205,558 455,614 6.18 255,211
rand on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,864,902 2 22, 127 17,607 39,734 13.64 25,047
.auphin. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,193,249 2 24,384 19,616 44,000 2.14 22,631
sgar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,093,197 2 12,304 11,197 23,501 13.76 24,736
acdonald. . . . . . . . . . . 2,392,612 2 19,984 15,857 35,841 9.59 23,866
arquette....... . . . . . 3,333,889 2 18,829 14,769 33,598 6.45 20,431
rtage la Prairie.... . 1,754,456 2 15,565 12,385 27,950 10.20 23,483
'ovencher. . . . . . . . . . . 3,610,628 2 21,732 18,961 40,693 7.21 24,434
lkirk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,444,17J2 28,879 24,212 53,091 2.97 24,021
uris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,469,244 2 16,142 12,907 29,049 7.53 24,222
innipeg City........ 12,750 70, 11 0 58,047 128,157 6,432.94 42,340
Saskatchewan. 161,088,000 291,730 200,702 492,432 1.95 91,279
ssiniboia. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,803,514 24,619 17,937 42,556 5.67 9,332
attleford. . . . . . . . . . . . 34,889,994 28,734 18,341 47,075 0.86 6,171
umboldt... . . . .. . . . . 7.489,8692 30,405 21,790 52,195 4.45 2,166
ackenzie. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,404,839 2 22,204 18,354 40,558 4.80 13,537
oosejaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,664,196 2 55,101 32,624 87,725 2.59 5,761
rince Albert...... . . . 66,087,803 2 20,847 15,472 36,319 0.35 12,795
u'Appelle.. . . ....... 3,429,965 2 20,053 15,5E5 35,608 6.64 17, 178
egina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,075,695 2 44,478 26,078 70,556 8.90 7,703
ltcoats.. .. . . . .. .. . 2,687,635 2 16,019 12,676 28,695 6.83 9,479
skatoon.. . . . .. . . .. .. .. 4,230,970 2 29,270 21,875 51 , 145 7.74 7,157
Alberta. 163,382.400 1 223,989 150,67
374,663 1.17 73,022
algary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,671,520 2 36,991 23,511 60,502 10.55 8,362
dmonton...... . . . . . . 78,034,886 2 34,567 22,478 57,045 0.46 12,823
ac Leod. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,020,634 2 20,516 13,988 34,504 3.66 7,
56
edicine Hat. . . . . . . . . 16,396,476 2 43,724 26,882 70,606 2.75 10,804
ed Deer. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,977,487 2 37,085 24,287 61,372 2.81 10,314
rathcona. . . . . . . . . . . 6,880,155 2 28,536 20,937 49,473 4.62 12,345
i ctoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,890,843 2 22,570 18,591 41,161 0.71 10,518
ritish Columbia. 227,747,200 1 251,619 140,861 392,480 1.09 178,657
omox-AtIin......... . 91,680,886 2 30,969 11, 294 42,263 0.30 21,457'
ootenay. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,290,420 2 33,974 16,798 50,772 1.88 31,962
anaimo. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,738,880 2 20,124 11,698 31,822 11.71 22,293
ew Westminster... . . 3,100,480 2 35,906 19,773 55,679 11.50 23,976
ancouver City. . ... . . 417,280 2 74,390 49,512 123,902 190.03 28,895
.ctoria City. . . . . . . . . 1,894 2 19,089 12,571 31,660 10,695.95 20,919
ale and Cariboo...:. 111,956,530 2 37,167 19,215 56,382 0.32 . 29, 155
Yukon. 132,528,640 1 6,508 2,004 8,512 0.041 27,219
N. W. Territories. 1,229,878,400 1 9,346 9,135 18,481 0.010 20,129

w
w
W
"\V
W
Y
Y
Y

B
D
Ll
M
M
Po
PI
Se
So
W

A
B
H
M
M
P
Q
R
Sa
Sa

C
E
:M
M
R
St
V
n
C
K
N
N
V
VJ
Y

lBy map measurement.

2Totalland area.

IJUPULA TION

!,!}

4.-I'oIndatioll of {,Ult,
and To" liS ha\ln
oU'r 5 9 000 illlmbitants In 1911,
COIl1I)ítrt'd "lth lSì1-St-91-t901.
XOTE.-The cities and to\\ns in which a Board of Traùe exists are indicated by an asterisk.
(.). In aU cases the population is for the city or town municipality as it existed in 1911.
Xo allo'\\unce is made for subsequent annexations.

Citie8 and Towns.

Provinc('s.

.I\[ontrea1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qu('bec............. .
.Toronto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Ontario....... . . . . . .
.\\ïnnipeg. . . . .. . . . . . . . ... Manitoba......
.V ancouver. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. British Colum bin... .
.Otta'\\ß........ .. ... . ... . Ontario...... ...
.llamilton................ " .. ........
.(
uebec...... . . . .. Quebec.......
*Halifax. .. .. Kova Scotia. ...... .
.London.... .. . .. Ontario.....
.Calgn.ry.. . . . . . . .. Alberta...... . . . . . . .
.
t.John....... ...... Ne" Brunswick.....
*\'ictoria. ... _......... . British Columbia...
*Uegina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
askatchewan.......
*Edmonton....... . . . . . . .. Alberta.............
*Brantford. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Ontario........ . . . . .
J\: ingston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iaisonneuve......... . . . . , Quebec. . . .. .. . . . . ..
. Peterborough. . .. .. . . . . .. Ontario........... . .
*Hull....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ,Quebec. . ..... .. ..
.Windsor........ ..... Ontario.............
*Svdnev........ . . .. Nova Scotia.... . . . .
.Glace Ha v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . .
.Fort 'YilÜam.. . . . . . . . . .. Ontario....... . . . . . .
*Sherbrooke...... . . . . . . .. Quebec......... . . . .
*1\::itchener.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. Ontario....... . . . . . .
Guelph............. ... u ............
W('stmount.... . . .. . . . ... Quebec......... . . . .

t. Thoma:i. . . . . . . . .. . . . Ontario..... . . . . . . . .
""Brandon....... . . . .. . . . .. Manitoha...........
.
loo::;eja\\......... .. . . . .. Sa
katche\\ an.......
Three H.ivers...... . . . . . . Qu('h('c.. .. . . . . . . . ..
*
ew Wt.'stminster........ British Columbia...

tratford.... . . . . . . . . .. Ontario......... . . ..
.( )\\'en Sound.... . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Catharines...... .. . " . .. . . .. .
*Saskatoon.... . . . . . . . . .. . 8askatchewan.. ..
Verdun..... . . . . .. . . . . . (-luebec.. .. . . .
·
Ioncton ........... ... K ew Bruns" ick.. .
.Port Arthur... _.... . Ontario..... .
*Charlotteto\\ n. . . . .' . . . .. P. E. Island.
*Sault Ste. Marie... . . . . .. Ontario..... . .. ....
*Chatham. . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . .
.Lachine.. . .. Quebec... .. . . . . . . . .
*Galt. . . . .. . . . . . . Ontario..... . . . . . . . .
.Sarnia. . :. .'. . ........ " . . . . . . . . . . . .
* BellC'ville. . . . . . . . . .. .... " . . . . . . . . . . . .
*8t. Hyacinthe... . . . . Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . . .
*Valleyfield....... "
*Brockville............ . Ontario......
*W oodstock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
*
îagara Falls. . . .. .. . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . .
*Amherst. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. Kova Scotia.... . .. .
*SorcL... . . . . . . . . . .. .... Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . . .
*Nanimo................. British Columbia...
.
orth Vancouver...... . . "
*Lethbridge.... . . . . . . . . .. Alberta.............
*Xorth Bay... . . . . . . . . . . . Ontario... . . . . . . .. ..
*St. Boniface... . . . . . . . , .. Manitoba...........
Sydney Mines.. . . . . . . . .. Xova Scotia.... . . . .
1
2'i-7i

1871.

1881.

115,000 155,238
5V,OOO 96,IU6
241 7,9b.3

24,141
26,S'\0
5
t,6
9
29,
2
18,000
41,3:!5
3,270

8.107
12,407
4,611
3,ROO
4,253

4,432
2,743
6,878
200
2,197

7,570
4,313
3,369
7,864

600
8,807
879
5.873
1,696
3,827
2,929
7,305
3,746
1,800
5,102
3,982

5,636

31,307
36,661
6
,446
36,100
26,266
41,353
5,925

9.616
14,091
6,812
6,H90
6,5bl
1,4
0

7,227
4,054
9,890
884
8,367

8,670
1,500
8,239
4,426
9,631

5,032
11,485
780
7,873
2,406
5,187
3,874
9,516
5,321
3,906
7,609
5,373
2,347
2,274
5,791
1,645

1,283
2,340

POPULATION.

1891.

219,616
1
1,215
25,63U
13,709
44,154
4
,9.J9
63,090
38,437
31,977
3,876
39,179
16,841

12,753
19,263
9,717
11,264
10,322
2.427
2,45!)

10,110
7,425
10,537
3,076
10,366
3,778
8,334
6,678
9,500
7,497
9,170
296
8,762

11,373
2,414
9,052
3,761
7,535
6,692
9,916
7,016
5,515
8,791
8,612
3,349
3,781
6,669
4,595

1,553
2,442

1901.

267,730
2U8,040
4:!.340
27,010
5U,928
52,634
68,840
40,832
37,976
4,392
40,711
20,019
2,249
2,626
16,619
17,961
3,958
11 ,239
13,993
12,153
9,0!/9
6,945
3,633
11,765
9,747
11 ,496
8,856
11 ,485
5,620
1,,558
9,981
6,499
9,959
8,776
9,946
113
1,898
9,026
3,214
12,080
7,169
9,068
5,561
7,866
8,176
9,117
9,210
11,055
8.940
8,833
5,702
4,964
7,057
6,130
2,072
2,530
2,019
3,191

1911.

470,4
0
376,538
136,035
100,401
87,062
81.96!)
78,710
46,619
46.300
43,704
42,511
31,660
30,213
24,900
23,132
18,874
18,684
18,360
18,222
17,829
17,723
16,562
16,4!W
16,405
15,196
15,175
14,579
14,054
13,839
13,823
13,691
13,199
12,946
12,558
12,484
12.004
11,629
11,345
11 ,220
11. HI8
]Q,984
to,770
10,699
1O,2ù9
9,947
9,876
9,797
9,449
9,374
9,320
9,248
8,973
8,420
8,306
8,196
8,050
7,737
7,483
7,470

100

4REA Al'tt"'D POPULATION

4.-Populatlon of Cities and Towns having over 5,000 Inhabitants in 1911,
compared with 1871-81-91-1901-concluded.

,
POPULATION.
Cities and Towns. Provinces.
1871. 1881. 1891. 1901. 1911.
Lévis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quebec............ . 6,691 7,597 7,301 7,783 7,452
*Oshawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ontario..... . . . . . . . . 3,185 3,992 4,066 4,394 7,436
*Thetford Mines...... . . . . Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3,256 7,261
*Fredericton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Brunswick.. . . . 6,006 2,218 6,502 7,117 7,208
*Collingwood. . . . . . . . . . . . . Ontario.... . . . . . . . . . 2,829 4,445 4,939 5,755 7,090
* Lindsay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 4,049 5,080 6,081 7,003 6,964
. . ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
*Orillia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,322 2,911 4,752 4,907 6,828
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
*FraserviHe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quebec.. .. . . . . . . . . . 1,541 2,291 4,175 4,569 6,774
*Yarmouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nova Scotia........ 2,500 3,485 6,089 6,430 6,600
*Cornwall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ontario. . .. . . . . . . . . . 2,033 4,468 6,805 6,704 6,598
*Barrie..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 3,398 4,854 5,550 5,949 6,420
...................... ..
*New Glasgow........... Nova Scotia. . . . . . . . - 2,595 3,776 4,447 6,383
*Smiths Falls. . . . . . . . . . . . Ontario.... . . . . . . . . . 1,150 2,087 3,864 5,155 6,370
*Joliette..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,047 3,268 3,347 4,220 6,346
*Prince Albert...... . . . . . . Saskatchewan...... . - - - 1,785 6,254
*Kenora........... . .., ... Ontario.... . . . . . . . . . - - 1,806 5,202 6,158
*Truro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nova Scotia........ - 3,461 5,102 5,993 6,107
*St. Johns.... . . . . . . . . . . . . Quebec............ . 3,022 4,314 4,722 4,030 5,903
*Portage la Prairie........ Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . - - 3,363 3,901 5,892
*Chicoutimi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quebec....... ...... 1,393 1,935 2,277 3,B26 5,880
*Spring Hill. . . . . . . . . .. . . . Nova Scotia........ - 900 4,813 5,178 5,713
*Cobalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 5,638
Pembroke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,508 2,820 4,401 5,156 5,626
...................... ..
*Medicine Hat............ Alberta. . . . .. . . . . . . . - - - 1,570 5,608
*Strathcona.............. " - - - 1,550 5,579
.................... ....
* North Sydney... . .. . . . . . Nova Scotia. . . . . . . . - 1,520 2,513 4,646 5,418
North Toronto.......... Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1,852 5,362
*Welland.............. ... " 1,110 1,870 2,035 1 ,863 5,318
...................... ..
*Port Hope....... ........ " 5,114 5,581 5,042 4,188 5,092
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
*Co bourg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 4,442 4,957 4,829 4,239 5,074
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
*Dartmouth....... . . . . . . . Nova Scotia. . . . . . . . - 3,786 6,252 4,806 5,058

5.-Urban Population of Canada divided by Size of Municipality Groups, 1901 and
1911.

1901. 1911.
In Cities and Towns Num- Per cent. of Num- Per cent. of
of ber Popula- ber Popula-
of tion. Urban Total of tion. Urban Total
Places. Pop. Pop. Places. Pop. Pop.
- -
Over 400,000...... . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 1 470,480 14.34 6.53
Between
300,000 and 400,000....... . . - - - - 1 376,538 11.48 5.22
200,000 and 300,000. . . . . . . . . 2 475,770 23.53 B.86 - - - -
100,000 and 200,000...... . . . - - - - 2 236,436 7.21 3.28
50,000 and 100,000....... . . 3 181,402 8.97 3.38 3 247,741 7.55 3.44
25,000 and 50,000. .. .. . . . . 5 188,869 9.34 3.52 6 241,007 7.35 3.34
15,000 and 25,000......... 3 55,499 2.75 1.03 13 237,551 7.24 3.30
10,000 and 15,000. . . . . . .. . 8 95,266 4.71 1.77 18 221,322 6.74 3.07
5,000 and 10,000...... .. . 37 275,919 13.65 5.14 46 323,056 9.B5 4.48
3,000 and 5,000. . . . . . . . . 50 190,789 9.44 3.55 60 226,212 6.89 3.14
1,000 and 3,000........ . 187 320,433 15.B5 5.97 251 429,553 13.09 5.97
500 and 1,000.. . . . .. . . 179 130,238 6.44 2.42 247 180,784 5.51 2.51
Under 500... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 107,614 5.32 2.00 - 90,284 2.75 1.25
-
Total. . . .. .... . . . . . . . - 2,021,799 1 100 .00 37.64 - 3,280,964 100.00 45.53
I

}IOPl:L 1 T IO.\T

101

I. It ural .uul rr')all .)oludatloll of ('anada In 1901 and 1911 b) Pro\1u('('s. and
In('r('a
f' (+) or dt'crea
" (-) In the decadt".

(anada ........./

I NcnE.
RE
l'OPULATION 1901. POPULATION 1911. OR
DECREASE.
Rural. Urban. Rura1. rrbu.n. Rural. rrbull.
88,304 14,935 7
,758 14,970 - 9,546 + 15
3
0, 191 1
9,383 306,210 IS6,128 - 23,981 + 56,745

53, "3.') 77,

.') 25:?,
4
!t9,547 - 1,49
+

,262
9! t 2,61j7 656,231 I,O:

,61R 970,614 + 3!},951 +314,383
1,246,
69 935,978 I,HJ4,7s.') 1,3:?S,4R9 - 52,IR4 +392,511
1
-1,73h 70,473 255,249 200,36,5 + 70,511 +129,fm

73,729 17,550 361,01j7 131,36:> + :?
7 ,3
R +113,81.1
52,:J!I!J 20,62:J 232,726 141,037 +180,327 + 121,314

,478 90,17!t 18R,79H 203,6S4 + 100,318 + 113,505
Ih,077 0,142 4,647 3,
65 - 13,430 - 5,277

0,129 - 18,4"1 - - 1,648 -
3,:U9.516 j 2.'21,;9' 13,92.),6;9 3:''\0,961 + 5;6,1 '3 1 +1,") 9.165

Pro\'inc('s.

Prince Ed"ard Island.
l' ova Scotia. ....
Kc\\ Bruns\\ ick.
Qu('h('('. . . . . . .
Ont',rio.

Ianitoba. ...

a:-;kutdH'wan........ .

\lb('rta. . . " ..... .
Britil"h ('olumbia ........
\P ukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:Xorthwcst T('rritorics....

i.-Uural and t rban I)opulatlon of ('anada br .)rmlnrrs and
('trs, 1911.

M.UF:;.

1'
EMALE8.

I Rural.

LXC'CS!õ'
of
C'rban. Total. Huml H.um!.
ov('r
rrban.

Excpss
of
{rhan. Total. Rural
over
Urban.

Provinces. I

Prince.Ed ward
I
land... . 40, 19
1 6,877 1 47,069, 33,31.') 38,566 1 8,093 46,G59 30,473
Xova Scotia... 157,87
1 93,141 251,019 64,737 148,332 92,987 241,319 1 ' 55,345
:\cw Brum;o...
wick..... 131,599 1 48,2(}
, 179,8G7 83,331 120,74J 51,279 172,022 69,464
(Jucbcc.. ..' 533,117 478,385,1,0II.?,02 54, ?32 499,501 492,229 991,730 7,272
Ontario...... .. 63U,850 659,440 1 1,299, _90 -19,.,90 554,935 669,049 1,223, flS4'-114 , 114

lanitoba...... 141,912 108,144, 250,056 33,768 113,337 92,221 205,5.18 1 21,116

askatchewan. 212,522 79,20b l 291,730 133,314 148,545 52,157 200,7021 96,388
Alh('rta....... 140,781 83'200 [ 223,989 57,573 91,945 58,729 150,674 33,216
British I
Columbia. 128,242 123,377 251.619 4,865 60,554 80,307 140,861 -19,753

::::
:: ,2.1;::ll.
:]3.
:::
ã::::ll' 7
:

l'ã98'::: 1 3'
::: 1
:::
I
I I I

1\ OTE.- The sign minus (-) denotes a decrea
e.

Sex Ratios.-The male population of Canada ,vas returned in
1911 as 3,b21,993 and the fpn1ule as 3,3S4,64S; so that the excess
of male
over females is 437,347-an excess percentage of 13-or
of 130 male
per 1,000 female
. Re('iprocally the number of f('males
})('r 1,000 nudes is bbG, the deficiency of fen1ale::; as compared .with
Inalé
being probably greater in Canada than in any other country.

102

AREA A!{Ð POPULATION

Amongst other countries showing a similar female deficiency per
1,000 males are Ceylon (888), the Dominion of New Zealand (896),
the Commonwealth of Australia (926), the Union of South Africa
(941), the United States (943) and India (953). Excepting India
and Ceylon, where female infanticide has prevailed, the countries
named are new, and the proportions are affected by immigration
in \vhich the male element predominates. In England and 'Vales
the number of females per 1,000 males was 1,068 both in 1911 and
1901, and only Norway sho\vs a greater proportion, viz., 1,069.
In other European countries the number of females per 1,000 males
is: Scotland, 1,063, Denmark, 1,061, S\veden, 1,046, Italy 1,037,
Austria 1,036, France 1,035, S-witzerland 1,031, Germany 1,026,
Holland 1,021, Hungary 1,019, Belgium 1,017 and Ireland 1,004.
The proportions by provinces in Canada are sho,vn in Table 8
for the two census years 1901 and 1911. For the latter year the
nU1l1ber of females per 1,000 males for each province was: British
Columbia 5tJO, Alberta 673, Saskatchewan 688, 1Vianitoba 822,
Ontario 942, New Brunswick 956, Nova Scotia 961, Quebec 980 and
Prince Edward Island 991. It ,viII be seen that the disparity is
especially marked in the western provinces.
The situation with regard to sex ratios in the western provinces.
as it existed in 1911, may be stated in an even more significant way.
The reproductive period of human life is usually considered in the
case of females at least, to lie bet,veen the ages of 15 to 50-or 15
to 49 inclusive. "\Vhere there is an enormous difference between the
numbers of the sexes at these ages, there can hardly be a satisfactory
normal crude birth-rate per 1,000 of population. Further, such a
disproportion between the sexes involves grave moral risks. Table
9 shows that the disparity between the two sexes at these ages in
the western provinces was considerably greater than in the total
population. For each 1,000 males of these ages there 'v ere in lVlani-
toba in 1911 only 723 females, in Saskatchewan 539, in Alberta 534 and
in British Columbia only 423. In the comparatively small population
of the Yukon, there \vere in the same'year only 232 females to every
1,000 males of these ages.
Table 10 shows the percentage proportion of females to males
in the rural and urban divisions of the population, re::;pectively, for
the census year 1911. Amongst the rural population the felnale
element is in defect for Canada by 16.48 p.c., but amongst the urban
population it is so by only 5.05 p.c. The defect is most marked in the
\vestern provinces. In the urban population, in t,vo out of the three
l\1aritime Provinces, in Quebec and in Ontario, there is actually
an excess of the female population, such excess being as high as 17.68
p.c. in Prince Edward Island. But in the west the female deficiency
is again apparent, though (except as regards Saskatchewan) not to
the same extent as in the rural population.

POl'ULATIO^-

lOJ

8.- Population of ('anada b)
t'W!\., 1901 and 1911.

1901. 1911.
Excess Excc-ss

lales. Females. of
Iales. Females. of
'Iales.
rnles.
51,959 51 ,300 659 47,069 46,659 410
233,642 225,932 7,710 251,019 241,319 9,700
IG8,639 162,481 6,158 179,867 172,022 7,845
824,454 824,444 10 I,U11,502 991,730 19,772
1,096,640 I,US6,307 10,333 1,2!1!1,2UO 1,223,984 75,306
138,504 116,707 21,7H7 2.30,056 205,558 44,498
49.431 41,848 7,5S3 291,730 200,702 91,028
41,019 32,003 9,016 223,9
U 150,674 73,315
114,160 64,497 49,663 251,619 140,861 110.758
23,Ob4 4,135 18,949 6,.30
2,004 4,504
10,176 9,953 223 9,346 9,135 211
I" "'-1 -U 2 bl9 (,07 13t,t8t .1 I'\t 1 9:'" J,.

' b.J
4:S. ,.HI
.....,. Ô) ,

Provinces.

Prince I:d ward hland. . .
l'ova Scotia....... .
Xl"\ Brum
,\ick. .............
Qup 1)('(' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Untario........ . . . . . . .. . .. . .

lanitoba...... . . . . . . . ... . . . .
f'a....katche\\
Ln............ .
Alberta... ... .. . . . . . .
Hriti
h Columbia... ..........
\ u kon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xorth,\('st Territories........

l'allada .............

XU
IBER or FE
HLE8 PER 1,000 ,
IALES.

Provinces.

1901. 1911.

..

Princ(' Ed ,\ anI Island... . . . . . . . !J
7

ova Scotia.. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . 967

ew Bruns\\ick................ 963
Qupbec.................. ....1,000
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990

Ianitoba..... . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . .. 843

Provinces.

1901. HH 1.

991
961
956
9S0
942
822

Sa
katche\\nn....... .
AlbC'rta.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columhia....
\- ukon. . ... . .. ........
North"est Territories......... .

847 68S
7S0 673
5ß5 560
179 308
fl78 977

Canada.................. !'a'
SS6

1.- PopuJation of Canada bt'hu'ell tlu' ag('s of 1.
and 49, Indushe, by Sex,
Ct'nsus of 1911.

Provinces.

Prince Ed ward Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

e\\' Bruns,\ick......................... .....
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
() n tari o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rani to ha.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatche'\-an..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columbia........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xorth\\cst Territories............... ......... .. ..

Canada.... .

Females
I Males. Females. pC'r
1,000 :\Iales.
16,542 16.987 1,026.9
97,158 90,661 933.1
67,385 64,836 962.2
3R3,725 373,012 972.1
583,90-1 537,064 919.8
121,404 87,749 722.8
155,833 83,975 538.8
121,750 64 ,977 533.7
161,130 69 ,011 428.3
4,588 1,070 232.

2.877 2,903 1,009.ü
1,71&,296 1,392,2-15 811.2

104

AREA A^
D POPULATION

10.-Ratio of Females to Males in Rural and Urban Divisions, 1911.

Provinces.

Rural. L rban.

Provinces.

Rural. 'Crban.

p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c.
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . . 95.95 117.68 Saskatchewan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69.90 65.85
N ova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.95 99,84 Alberta..... . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . 65.31 70.58
New Brunswick........... 91.75 106.24 British Columbia... . . . . . . . 47.22 65.00
Quebec.......... .. .. ...... 93.69 102.89 Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.35 34.48
Ontario... . . .. .... .. . ..... 86.73 101.46 Northwest Territories... . . . 97.74
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79.86 85.28
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.52 94.95

11.-Conjugal Condition of the people of C'anada, classified as single, married,
widowed, divorced, legally separated and not given, by Pro\'inces, Census of 1911.

MALES.
Provinces.
Legally
Single. Married. Widow- Divorc- separ- Not Total.
ed. ed. sted. given.
Prince Ed ward Island 30,216 15,266 1,513 7 5 62 47,069
Nova Scotia......... 156,643 86,277 6,891 38 37 1,133 251,019
New Brunswick...... 113,015 61,131 4,978 51 40 652 179,867
Quebec.............. . 637,113 342,933 26,064 134 401 4,857 1,011,502
Ontario.... . . . . . . . . . . 762,330 492,650 33,564 189 539 10,018 1,299,290
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . 160,159 83,987 3,926 50 50 1,884 250,056
Saskatchewan....... . 192,352 90,765 4,291 85 82 4,155 291,730
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,587 70,706 3,385 106 53 2,152 223,989
British Columbia.. . . 160,218 83,096 4,079 145 70 4,011 251,619
yukon.............. . 4,672 1,623 169 31 7 6 6,508
N'. W. Territories. . . . 5,461 3,419 294 3 2 167 9,346
Canada........ 2,369,766 1,331,853 89,151 839 1,286 29,097 3,821,995

FEMALES.
Provinces. Legally
Single. Married. 'Vidow- Divorc- separ- Not Tot al.
ed. ed. ated. given.
PrinceEd ward Island 28,162 15,138 3,279 8 10 62 46,659
Nova Scotia......... 139,958 84,008 16,440 36 55 822 241,319
New Brunswick. . . . . . 101,288 60,069 10,380 37 42 206 172,022
Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . . . 608,366 334,564 46,658 169 511 1,462 991,730
Ontario... . . . . 672,923 468,186 78,407 227 693 3,548 1,223,984
Manitoba. . . .. . 118,669 78,751 7,260 38 82 758 205,558
Saskatchewan....... . 112,387 82,189 5,556 34 55 481 200,702
Alberta.... . . . . . . . . . . 83,026 62,710 4,509 37 60 332 150,674
British Columbia.... 71 ,585 61,359 6,178 87 69 1,583 140,861
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 1,012 135 18 4 1 2,004
N. 'V. Territories.... 4,688 3,482 854 - 3 108 9,135
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . 1,9-11,886 1,251,468 179,656 691 1,58-1 9,363 3,38-1,648

POPULA7 ' /01Y

105

l-ort..LATIOX 0..' Tilt: PIt.\IRlt: PItOYIX('ES.
TIll' r'cnsus anù
tatÜ;tic8 .Act, 1
}O.), providC'd for the taking
of a ('('n
u
of population and agriculture in :\lanitoba,
a
katcIH'\vall
and _\lherta in 190U and in cv('ry tenth year thereafter, thus in
ti-
tuting, in connection ,,,ith the general c.1l'cennial cpnsus for all Canada,
a quinquennial censu:-\ of population and a
riculture for the thr('{'
Prairie Provincl's. 'I'he quinquennial c('n::,us of ::\Ianitoba,
a8kat-
che" an and .Alberta \vas therefore taken as for June 1, 191U, and
the cOlllpl('te result:::. \,"prc publi
hed in a lleport dated January 12,
191h. A.
unlnlar) of the principal data. \va
publi
hcd in the 'Year
Book for 1918, pa
(.s 103-112.
Total Population of Prairic Provinc
s.-The male and
femalc population of :\[anitoha, 8uskatche,van and \lhcrta (a) by
provincc
; (b) hy the cll'ctoral di,.-t ri('t
('on
titut ('d hy the l{<.'pre-
sl'ntation
\(.t, 1Ul-l (4-'> Ceo. Y, c. 31); nlHl (c) by citie:-;, to\vns and
villa
e
, as eOIIlpart,d "ith the population hy sex for lUll and hy
totah; for 1001 and lUOti, was publi:..;hp(l in the Year Book of 191U-17
(pp. U.')-10,")). 'rhe total population of the three Prairie Pruvincl'
in
lU 1.H \va:, returned. a
1,l)f)
,220, cOlllpared with 1,:32b,72;,) in lU 11,
SOS,Sö3 in lUOG and 419,.') 1
in HUH. 1
hus the popula.tion in the
thrc{\ province
ha:-. increascd hy 1,27ð,70S, or :
O:) p:('.,
ince the
heginning of the t'pntuf}: hy g89,
;)7, or 110 p.c., during the lfif't
tl'n years; and hy 3G<),10.>, or 28 p.c. during the five years ended
1 H 1G. T'a hlf\ 12 8ho,,':) the population of the J>rairic Province
for
1UOl, 100G, Inl1 and 101G, thc population being distin
ui:;h('ù by

('x for 1911 and 191(.>'

12.-Populatlon of the Prairie 1.rO\lnct'
, 1911, 1986 1911 and 1916.

i lUUI. Ivu6. HHI 1916
Provinces.
! Total. Total. 'Iales. Felllale
Total. Males. Femalf's Total.
'Ianitoba..... . . . 255,211 365,688 2.
3,056 208,574 461,630 294,609 259,251 553,860
Saskatche\\an. 91,2;9. 237,763 2!J 1,730 200,70
492,432 363,7871 284,04"1 64 7,835
Al berta. . , . . . . . . 73,022, It\5 41') 223,989 150,67-1 374,6631 277,256 219,269, 496,525
, "I
TotaJ. . . . . . .1 419,51
h9S,S6:
1 ;6
,;75 559,950 1,328,725, 935,652 762,56
1 1,698,220
I I I

Population by Sex.-TaLle 13 give
the population by sex
frolll 1870 for
Ianitoha find from 1901 for
askatche'Yan and Alberta,
\vith absolute and relative cOll1pari
ons. For the thrce province
as
a ".hole, males increased by 1 03. Ü p.c. and female'5 by 79.8 p.c. from
1901 to IHOG. At the end of the ne'\.t five years (1911) the ratio of
increase for both sexe
,,'as nearly equal, being 64.

p.c. for males
and 63.4-1 p.c. for females, "Therea
in the last C(\n
us (1916) females
sho,ved, for the three proyinccs as a \yhole, an increase of 202,ûI8, as
against 16ü,877 for lllales, being a gain in five year
of 36. 10 p.c.
for the former, as C'olnpared \vith 21.71 p.c. for the latter. The
records of 191G 8ho". that this feature of population increa::;e \vas
conlmon to each of the three province:-.. The increa
e per cent in

106

A.REA AND POPULATION

Alberta was: females 45.53; males 23.78; Saskatchewan, females
41.52, males 24.70; l\1anitoba, females 24.30, males 16.42. As a
result of this greater proportionate increase of females the total
number of females per 1,000 males increased between 1911 and
1916 from 822 to 880 in Manitoba, from 688 to 781 in Saskatchewan
and from 673 to 791 in Alberta-a fact which is all the more signifi-
cant because the census of 1916 was taken on the de jure basis, all
soldiers from the three provinces known to be living on June 1, 1916,
being enumerated. Similarly, the number of females of ages 15
to 49 inclusive per 1,000 males of these ages increased between 1911
and 1916 from 723 to 845 in 1\1anitoba, from 539 to 686 in Saskatch-
e,van, and from 534 to 720 in Alberta.
Population of Principal Cities.-Table 14 gives the population
of the cities of the Prairie Provinces for 1901, 1906,
91/1 and 1916,
with distinction by sex for 1911 and 1916. \Vinnipeg remains the
only city in the Prairie Provinces that has a population exceeding
100,000, and this city has gro,vn from 136,035 in 1911 to 163,000 in
19 \6. Two cities have, however, risen to the category exceeding
50,000, viz., Calgary and Edmonton in Alberta. In 1916 Calgary
is shown to have 56,514 inhabitants, as compared with"' 43,704 in
1911, and Edmonton 53,846, as compared ,vith 30,479 in 1911. In
the case of Bdmonton, however, the increased population includes
Strathcona, no,v forming part of the city of Edmonton South. Two
cities exceed 20,000, viz., Regina, 26,127, and Saskatoon, 21,048.
The former has receded from a population of 30,213 in 1911, and the
latter has increased from 12,004 in 1911. Of the remaining twelve
cities, three exceed 10,000, viz., Iviooseja,v, in Saskatchewan, with
16,934; Brandon, l\1anitoba, ,vith 15,215; and St. Boniface, Manitoba,
with 11,021.

13.-Population of Prairie Produces by Sex at each Census Period from 1878 for
l\lanitoba and from 1901 for Saskatchewan and Alberta.

POPULATION. INCREASE OVER PRECEDING CENSUS.
Provinces
and Years. Males. Females Total. Males. Females. Total.
. -
No. No. No. No. p.c. No. p.c. No. p.c.
Manitoba-
1870. . . . . . . . . . . . 6,317 5,911 12,228 - - - - - -
1881. . . . .. . . . . . . 35,123 27,137 62,260 28,806 456.01 21,226 359.10 50,032 409. 16
1886........... . 59,594 49,046 108,640 24,471 69.67 21,909 80.73 46,380 74.49
1891. . . . . . . . . . . . 84,342 68,164 152,506 24,748 41.53 19, 118 38.98 43,866 40.37
1896........... . 1 1 193,425 - - - - 40,919 26.83
19012...... . . . . . . 138,504 116,767 255,211 54,162 64.22 48,543 71.22 102,705 67.34
1906..... . 205 , 183 160,505 365,688 66,679 48.14 43,798 37.53 110,477 43.29
1911......... . 253,056 208,574 461,630 47,873 23.33 48,069 29.95 95,942 26.23
1916......... . 294,609 259,251 553,860 41,553 16.42 50,677 24.30 92,230 19.98
Saskatchewan-
1901........ .... 49,431 41,848 91, 279 - - - - - -
1906....... . . . 152,791 104,972 257,763 103 , 360 209. 10 63,124 150-84 166,484 182.39
1911....... . . . 291,730 200,702 492,432 138,939 90.93 95,730 91.20 234,669 91.05
1916........... . 363,787 284,048 647,835 72,057 24.70 83,346 41.52 155,403 31.5

1 In lSg6 the Census consisted of a count of population only.
2 Ten-year increase shown.

r 11' \ L S1'A 1'1 ðT ICS

107

13.-IJolntlation of Ilralrlt' l"'O\hU't'!'J b)
t'\ at eal'l1 {'t'USUS perIod from 184'0 for
:\1.u1itoba and froll1 1901 for
asht't('he"all aud ..\Iberta -concluded.

PoP\. L_\TlO
.

I
CREASE OVER PUECEDINO Cn'
BU!

Provinces
and '\ ('ara.

1\1 alps. Females Total.

)1 ales.

Females.

Total.

No.

No.

No.

No.

p.c. No.

p.c. No.

p.c.

Albprta-
lUOI.
It/Uû.. .
lUll. ..
lU16.......

41 ,019 32,00
73,022
108,283 77,12!) 1
5,412 67,264163.9b 45,126141.00 112,390153.91
223,989 1:J0,674 374,663 115,70û 106.86 73,545 95.35 IS
,251102.07
277,2':>6 219,269 496,525 53,267 23.78 68,595 45.53 121,8û2 32.53
2
S 'l,;;J I !IO, 5;;
419 ,512
466,2.')7 342,ü(J() 8/).
,8G3 237,
03 103.64 152,04
79.79 3R9,351 92.81
7fiS,77.') 5.')U, Uj(),1.3
S,7
:J
02 ,51
64.8S 217,3.14 1 ü:J.44 519,8{)
64.27

35,6-2 762.56
ll,I)!}8,22rI166,877 21.71 202,618 36.U'i 369,4U5 27.81

Prairie Pro\"in("c::i-
1 HOl. .
1906. . . . . . . . . . . .
I!Hl.
H.I16 .

u.- l:it)" IJopulatloll of th(" IJrairlt. IJrO\iu(,t'S, 1901, 1906, 1911 and 1916.

I 1901. 1906. 1911. 1916.
Pro, inces. I
, Total. Total. :\Ialcs. Females Total.
Iales. Femalcs Total.
1\Ianitoba-
Brandon. . . . . . . . . . . 5,(j
lJ 10,408 7,362 6,477 13,839 7, (i!J7 7,518 15,21.5
Portage' la Prairie. 3,901 .') , 106 3,118 2,774 5,8!I2 2,!l78 2,901 5,879
St. Boniface... . - - . 2,019 5,lIU 4,02!} 3,454 7,4S3 5,4S8 5,5:J3 11 ,021
\\ innipcg.. . . . . . . . . . 42,340 UO,153 74,406 61,629 136,035 82,227 80,773 163,000
.
Saskatchewan-

Ioospjaw. . . . 1 ,5.3
6,24!J 8,964 4,
!) 13,823 9,007 7,927 16,934
X orth Battleford - 824 1 ,25R 847 2,105 1,679 1 ,466 3,145
Prince .\lbcrt... . _ _ 1,7S5 3,005 3,727 2,527 6,254 3,397 3,039 6,43ú
Hf'gina.... . . . . .. . . 2,24U 6,lW 1!),767 10 ,446 30,213 13,655 12,472 26,127

a!-h.atoon. . . . . . . 113 3,011 7,217 4,í87 12,004 10,719 10,329 21 ,04h
S" ift Current..... . 121 554 1,096 756 1,852 1,&1 1,500 3,181
'Yeyburn..... . . . 113 966 1,302 908 2,210 1,574 1,476 3,050
Aloe'rta-
Calgary _ . . . . . . . 4,392 13,573 26,565 17,139 43,704 2!),278 27,236 56,514
Edmonton........ . 4,176 14,088 17,054 13,4:!5 30,479 27,462 26,384 53,84e
Lethbridge....... . 2,072 2,313 4.462 3,588 8,050 4,R96 4,540 9,436

Ipdi('ine Hat..... . 1,570 3,020 3,207 2,401 5,608 4,781 4,491 9,272
Red Deer...... . . . 323 1,41H 1,213 !J05 2, 118 1,127 1,076 2,203
Wetaskiwin....... . 550 1,652 1,264 1,147 2,411 1,047 1,001 2,048

\ ITAL ST
\ TISTICS.
The vital statistic
here published sho"r only births, marriage:::,
df'ath:-" exc('
=-, of hirths over deaths, and crude birth, marriage and
death rate
for the eigbt province;:) collecting such statistics from
1911 to the latest availahle year, also for the citie:-t in these provinces.

everal inlportant cOll:-,ideratiollS Rhould be borne in mind by
those ,vho use the
e t
tbl('." or the provinci
ll reports from ,vhich these
tables are compiled, for conlparative purposc
.
In .the first place the hirth, ma.rriage and death rates given are
based upon e;-;tiInated and not upon actually enumerated popu-
lation
. 'Yhen the re,ults of the Census of 1921 are published, the

.

108

AREA AND POPULATIOlv

rates here given will undoubtedly, in the case of some of the provinces
at least, require considerable revision. In a new country like Canada,
where people move readily from place to place and from province to
province, it is almost impossible to secure accurate information con-
cerning the fluctuations of population, especially when so long a
period has elapsed since the last census.
Secondly, in spite of considerable improvements recently effected,
registration generally, and the registration of births in particular,
is not universally carried out in most of the provinces. The great
extent of the country, and the isolation of many of its inhabitants,
partly account for this unsatisfactory situation.
Finally, the great differences in the age and sex di::;tribution
of the population in different provinces make comparisons (of birth
rates, for instance), as among the provinces, unfair and misleading.
Thu::5, for instance, in British Columbia in 1911, there \vere only 428
females of ages 15 to 49 to every 1,000 males of these ages, while
in Quebec there were 972 and in Prince Edward Island 1027. (See
table 9, p. 103). Evidently in view of the enormous disproportion
bet\veen the sexes in British Columbia, the crude birth rate per 1,000
of population in that province could not properly be compared with
the crude birth rate in Quebec or Princp Edward I
land. Again,
in consequence of different age distributions of population in the
different province::;-the Prairie Provinces, for instance, have a very
young population because of the healthy young immigrants \vhom
they attract-a comparison of crude death-rates of the provinces
is misleading. In the Prairie Provinces, taken as a unit, only 126
per thousand of the 1911 population and 137 per thousand of the
1916 population had passed 45 years of age, \vhile in Quebec 176,
in Ontario 218 and in Prince Edward Island 249 per thousand of
the population were in 1911 over 45 years of age. These latter
provinces, having a much larger number of persons of advanced
ages, will inevitably have a higher crude death rate per thousand
of population than the Prairie Provinces, but this does not at all
prove the superior healthfulness of the climate of the Northwest, nor
would it justify insurance companies in charging lo\ver premium
rates in the Western provinces.
The results of the census of 1921, \vith regard to age and sex
distribution of population, as ,veIl as improving registration and the
earlier and more accurate compilation of vital st.atistic::5 made possible
under the ne\v arrangement bet\veen the Dominion and the Provinces,
,vill, it is hoped, enable corrected birth and death rates, capable
of comparison [1S among the Provinces, to be secured in the com-
paratively near future.
Vital Statistics by Provinces.-Table 15 sho\vs by provinces
(N ew Brunswick excepted) the number of births, marriages and
deaths in each of the years 1911 to 1919 C\vhere possible), according
to the latest returns of the provincial registrars. Using the census
figues of population for 1911, and estimates of the Dominion Bureau
of Statistics for the years 1912 to 1919 (the census figures of 1916
for the three Prairie Provinces), crude birth, marriage, and death

rlTAL STATISTICS

lO

ratcs per 1,000 of the population have been calculated for each year
fig ,yell tl:5 the exec":; of birt h
oypr dea t h
. For }>rinl'c ]
(hvarù Island
no data for the year 1912 arc availahle. 1"'hc fi
un's by provincc

in thi
tahle are not
tri('t1y corn parable, o,ving to the div('r
ity of
practice ,vbich at pre
('nt prevails ns b('t" eell the different provincial
r(\gi:-ìtrar
. Xoi only is the
tati:-ìticnl year not unifonl1 for all the
provinces, hut there is no uniforIllity in the praeticc as regards the
inclu
ion or exclu:-\ion of still-births. rrhus, in X ova
cotia, Quebec
and Ontario still-births are elirllina ted froll} the ealcula tion:5; in Prince
E(hvard I
lnnd, ho" ('v('r, :lnd in the Prairie Provinces anù British
Colulnbia they are induùpd, and for the8C provinces the numbers
of
till-births, ,yhieh are too :-\1l1all to aff('ct nlat('rially thp hirth-and
death-nlte
c-:llculated, arp given in :! note at the foot of thc tahle.
V'ital Statistics of Cities.-Tahle 16 record4S the nUlubcr of
births, Inarriagf's anù dp:! t h
hy prinrip:ll eities for the ypa rs 1 9 13
to 1919 (whprc po::--
ihle), in ('ontinuation of thp tahle
v;iveI1 in prev-
vious e(lition
. In thi..: table the natural increa
pcr 1,000 of the
population i
based upon thp locally pstÏInnted population in :tll
ca
('
"ere gIven.
15.-
lImb('r or JUrth
. )Jarrla
s and Dcath
. by Prmlncrs, 1911-1919.

Provincr-s.

, I I Mnr- I I Excess
I Birth- ria
('" Df'ath- of
I Births. ratr- Pf'r
Iar- rate ppr IJ<oaths. rate pf'r Births
I 1 ,UOO riagf's. 1,000 1,000 over
living. living. living. Deaths
1,497 15.97 470 5.01 1, 114 11.89 383
(not pu b Iished in HH2.)
1,62
17.37 47t. 5.10 9\{3 10.49 645
1.511 16.12 544 5.80 1,012 10.80 499
1,743 lR.59 530 5.65 1 , 0'\5 11.57 658
1,59b 17.04 534 5.6f1 I,OS4 11.57 514
1,389 14.82 4
8 5.21 940 10.03 444
1,297 13.84 510 5.44 1,059 11.30 238
1.027 10.93 574 6.11 748 7.96 279
12,322 25.03 3,004 6.10 8,237 16.73 4,0&5
12, 681 25. 52 1 2.937 5.91 7, 126 14.34 5,555
12,553 25.22 3,259 6.55 7,225 14.52 5,328
12,771 25.46 3,643 7.26 7,527 15.01 5,244
13,171 26.0ð 3.384 6.70 7,675 15.20 5,496
12,770 25.12 3,726 7.33 8,052 15.84 4,718
12,382 24.19 3,421 6.68 7,583 14.
2 4,799
U,421 24.11 3,611 7.01 9,125 17.71 3,296
12,508 24.11 3,585 1 6.91 9,200 17_73 3,308
74,475 37.18 15,254 7.61 35 ,904 17.92 38,571
76,647 37.53 16, 055 1 7.86 32,980 16.15 43,667
79,089 37.70 17,253 8.13 36,200 17.33 42 ,889
80, 361 1 38.00 16,1211 7.62 36,002 17.02 44,359
I 83,274 38.64 15,437 7.16 35,933 16.67 47,341
80, 327 1 37.93 16,643 7.58 38,206 17.39 42,121
80,381 35.90 16,936 7.56 35,501 15.86 44,880
84.f>691 37.00 12.975 5.68 48,902 21.42 35,767
80.081 34.42 21,590 9.::8 35,170 15.12 44,911
56,O!Jb 22.23 25 ,807 10.23 31,878 12.63 24,218
58,870 23.001 28,845 11.27 32, 150 12.56 26,720
64,516 24.001 26,998 10.00 34,317 12.70 30,199
66,225 24.21 24,245 9.22 32,440 12.35 33,785
67,032 25.15 23,506 8.82. 33,294 12.49 33,738

P. E. Island 1 ...... ... . .. . 1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919

Nova Scotia... .... .. . . . .1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
Quebec. .. ...... . .. . . . . . .1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919

Ontario.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1911
1912
1913
1914
1915

.

110

AREA AND POPULA TI01{

15.-Number of Births, l\larriages and Deaths, by Provinces, 1911-1919-concluded.

Birth- Mar- Excess
Provinces. Births. rate per Mar- riage- Death- of
1,000 riages. rate per Deaths. rate per Births
living. 1,000 1,000 over
living. living. Deaths.
ntario-concludel.. ... .1916 65,264 24.14 23,401 8.66 35,580 13.16 29, 684
1917 62,666 22.85 21,499 7.84 33,284 12.14 29,382
1918 64,729 23.12 19,525 6.97 43,038 15.37 21,691
1919 62,774 22,20 26,328 9.33 34,010 12.06 28,764
anitoba 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1911 13,407 29.43 5,177 11.36 5,481 12.03 7,926
1912 14,666 30.32 6,095 12.60 6,084 12.58 8,582
1913 16,424 36.34 5 ,985 13.24 5,919 13.10 10 ,505
1914 17,449 33.50 5,667 10.88 5,617 10.78 11 , 832
1915 17,832 33.57 5,064 9.53 5,379 10.12 12,853
1916 17,645 33.85 5,455 10.46 5,141 9.86 12,504
1917 14,743 25.77 4,049 7.08 5,125 8.96 9,618
1918 15,317 25.74 3,743 6.29 6,937 11.66 8,380
1919 15,091 24.38 5 , 378 8.69 6,584 10.64 8,507
askatchewan 1 .......... .1911 8,745 17.76 3,511 7.13 2,727 5.54 6,018
1912 11 ,479 20.24 4,651 8.20 3,567 6.29 7,912
1913 13,200 20.94 4,990 7.92 4,150 6.58 9,050
1914 16,489 22.83 5,014 6.94 3,950 5.47 12,529
1915 17,528 29.10 4,581 7.61 4,023 6.68 13,505
1916 19,243 29.70 5,062 7.81 5,061 7.81 14,"182
1917 20,332 28 .43 5,105 7.14 5,319 7.44 15 , 357
1918 21,686 29.08 4,591 6.24 9,782 13.30 11 ,904
1919 ..
I berta 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1911 8,813 23.52 3,630 9.69 3,618 9.69 5 , 195
1912 10,284 23.60 4,429 10.16 4,232 9.71 6,052
1913 11,871 24.34 5,053 10.36 4,432 9.09 7,439
1914 13, 685 24.25 4,623 8.19 4,147 7.35 9,538
1915 13,452 27.36 4,202 8.55 3,588 7.30 9,864
1916 13,331 26.85 4,230 8.52 4,058 8.17 9,273
1917 13,576 26.00 4,270 8.12 4,047 7.75 9,529
1918 14,890 26.88 4,040 7.29 7,924 14.30 6.966
1919 14, 130 24.03 4,718 8.02 5,507 9.37 8,623
ritish Columbia 1 ....... .1911 5,841 14.88 4,509 11.49 3,660 9,32 2,181
1912 8,008 18.85 5,235 12,33 4,313 10.15 3,695
1913 9,199 18,58 5,012 10.12 4,619 9.33 4,580
1914 8,754 17.93 4,296 8.80 3,974 8.14 4,780
1915 8,558 16.22 3,393 6.43 3,832 7.26 4,726
1916 7,475 13.12 3, 169 5.56 3,887 6.82 3,588
1917 6,994 13.36 2,861 4.65 3,896 6.33 3,098
1918-19 5 9,010 20.46 2,829 6.42 6,696 15.21 2,314
1919-20 6 10,002 18.87 4,650 8.77 4,888 9.22 5,114
-ukon..... . . . . . . . . . . ... .1911 48 5.64 41 4.82 87 10.22 -39
1912 612 7.17 48 5.64 58 6.81 3
1914 3 66 7.75 41 4.82 50 5.87 16
1915 51 5.99 39 4.58 74 8.69 -23
1916 48 5.64 38 4.46 82 9.63 -34
1917 4 32 3.76 15 1. 76 57 6.70 -25
1918 51 5.99 10 1.18 55 6.46 -4
1919 2 46 5.11 8 0.90 57 6.33 -11

o

M

S

A

B

1:

llncluding still-births as follows: P. E. Island, 4 in 1911, 1 in 1913, 3 in 1914, 12 in 1915,
10 in 1916,4 in 1917; Manitoba, 243 in 1911, 316 in 1912; Saskatchewan 48 in 1911, 170 in 1912,
134 in 1913, 182 in 1914, 251 in 1915, 285 in 1916; Alberta 160 in 1911, 230 in 1912, 250 in 1913
(in 1914, 1915, 1916 and 1917, 315,307,305 and 325 stilI births are excluded); British Columbia
191 in 1911, 240 in 1912, 279 in 1913, 235 in 1914, 246 in 1915, 201 in 1916, 175 in 1917, 188 in 191R-
19, 270 in 1919-20; Yukon 3 in 1914, 2 in 1916, 1 in 1917. In Manitoba in 1913 and 1914 stiJI-
births are excluded. 2Incomplete. 311 months. 49 months. 6July I, to June 30.

V/7'..lL STA TIS TICS

III

Ib.-:\ IImb('r of ßirths, 'Iarrla ('S an(1 Dt'aths, by Principal Cltit's, 1913-1919.

Ci ties.

I Year.

P. E. Island- I
Chnrlotteto" n.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
19H1

X ova Scotia-
Halifax... ........

1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
19th
1919
Sydney.... . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1913
HH4
1915
1916
1917
HUS
1919

Glace Bn;y. . .. . .. . . . . .. . . .... 1913
1914
1915
/ 1916
1917
1918
1 1919
QUf' bee--

lontrcal. .. . . . . .. 1913
1914
I nH5
I 1916
1917
I 1918
.. ..ll!ì13
1914
: 1915
1916
HH7
, 1918
.1 1913
r 1914
1915
1916
1917

Qu(>b('c.

)Jaisonneuve. .. . _ . .

Sht>rbrooke... . . . . . . 1913
1914
1915
: 1917
i 1918

I I Excess Natural
of I nc rease
Popula- Births. Mar- Deaths. Birt hs p('r 1,000
tion. riagcs. ov('r of Popu-
Dea.ths. lation.
not
- 183 glv('n 12
55 -
- 46 " 188 - -
12,000 197 2 " 253 -
-
12,000 401 " 251 150 12.50
12,000 285 " 259 26 2.17
12,000 227 " 311 - 84 - 7.00
14,000 203 " 231 - 28 - 2.00
- 1,402 " 912 490 -
47, IOU 1,464 " 1,031 4J3 9'19
55,000 1,492 " 1,12S 364 6.62
50,000 1,614' " 1 , 103 511 10.22
50,000 1,600 " !JUI 609 12.18
50,000 1,465 " gQgl 476 9.52
55,000 1,595 " 1,330 265 4.82
- (HI " 368 273 -
17,9!J6 544 " 349 195 10.
4
IS,33
588 " 246 342 18.65
18,527 5')'" " 338 189 10.20
_t
18,527 618 " 335 2R3 15.28
18,987 626 " 330 296 18.59
HI,oeo 5lil " 4SS 73 3.83
- 455 " 276 179 -
16,741 531 " 271 260 15.53
16,975 52& " 294 234 13.78
17,142 436 " 269 167 9.74
17,142 384 cc 280 104 6.07
17,297 371 " 216 155 8.96
17,366 38) " 312 m.l 3.97
- 20,490 6,280 12,299 8,191 -
- 20,
86 5,781 11,721 8,665 -
- 20,6f12 4,603 10, flS8 9,704 -
575,000 19,759 5 , 190 11,119 8,640 15.03
590,000 19,664 5,306 11 , 394 8,270 14.00
6GO, 000 20,373 4,757 1.j,340 5,033 7.0ß
- 3,096 638 1,668 1,428 -
- 3,136 612 1 , 784 1,352 -
- 3,417 679 2,145 1,272 -
fl3,000 3,688 727 2,226 1,462 15.7
103 ,000 3,514 769 1,858 1,656 16.08
lC3. COO 3,811 548 2,253 1,538 15.13
- 835 2 147 2 403 - -
- 743 2 131 2 460 - -
- 768 2 107 402 - -
33,OGO 855 192 383 472 -
30,000 1,010 183 296 714 23.80
- 704 2 137 2 337 - -
- 673 2 107 2 374 - -
- 650 2 151 2 299 - -
- 785 193 2 407 378 -
- 728 - 690 38

2"

1 Omitting 1,635 deaths, persons who lost their lives in Halifax disaster, Dec. 6, 1917

2 Incomplete.

112

A.REA AND POPULATION

16.-Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1913-1919-con.

o

Excess Natural
of Increase
Cities Year. Popula- Births Mar- Deaths Births per 1,000
tion riages over of Popu-
Deaths Iation
uebec-con.
Hull. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 - 655 2 124 204 - -
1914 - 879 2 137 2 211 - -
1915 - 1,140 2 - 182 - -
1917 - 1,010 - 281 729 -
1918 - 927 - 455 472 -
Three Rivers... ........... " 1913 - 656 133 343 313 -
1914 - 660 120 275 385 -
1915 20,000 677 133 364 313 -
1916 20,000 647 136 401 246 -
1917 21,000 673 149 390 283 13.48
1918 21,500 728 118 474 254 11.81
\Vestmount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 - 138 2 24 2 89 - -
1914 - 162 2 48 2 94 - -
1915 - 295 2 - 92 - -
1916 - 429 - 124 305 -
1917 - 419 - 124 295 -
1918 - 126 - 160 -34 -
,,
erd un. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 - 505 2 69 2 347 - -
1914 - 582 2 75 2 345 - -
1915 - 934 2 - 322 - -
1916 - 822 - 359 463 -
1917 - 714 - 402 312 -
1918 - 714 - 510 204 -
Lachine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 - 396 2 65 2 233 - -
1914 - 422 2 54 2 241 - -
1915 - 494 2 - 147 - -
1916 - 510 - 182 328 -
1917 - 598 - 181 417 -
1918 - 508 - 306 208 -
St. Hyacinthe........ . . . . . . . . 1913 - 325 106 2 220 105 -
1914 - 342 99 2 211 121 -
1915 11,886 367 - 192 175 -
1916 - 357 - 206 151 -
1917 - 258 - 207 51 -
1918 - 210 - 205 5 -
ntario-
Toronto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 454,000 13,722 6,381 6,223 7,499 16.52
1914 475,000 13,949 5,964 5,602 D,347 17.57
1915 475,000 12,806 5,676 5,548 7,258 15.28
1916 470,000 12,498 5,158 5,931 6,567 13.97
1917 475,000 12,110 5,120 5,597 6,513 13.71
1918 490,000 11, 779 4,990 7,635 4,144 8.45
1919 499,300 11,294 6,495 5,695 5,599 11.21
Ottawa.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 96,350 2,482 1,044 1,767 715 7.42
1914 97,900 2,592 1,072 1,697 895 9.14
1915 96,340 2,554 1,051 1,662 892 9.25
1916 96,720 2,448 1,057 1,742 706 7.30
1917 97,670 2,408 969 1,551 857 8.77
1918 100,030 2,968 892 2,290 678 6.77
1919 103, 620 3,090 1,220 1,691 1,399 13.50
Hamil ton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 100,650 2,706 1,395 1,211 1,495 14.85
1914 101,190 2,845 1,163 1,158 1,687 16.67
100 1 4 1 .

1915

,310 2,771 1,151

, 197 1 ,57

5 69

Q

2 Incomplete.

.-Il'.lIJ ðT.1 TISTU'S

113

llÞ.-
uß1ber of nirth
. \larria
l'
dud I).'aths. h) '-rhU'il)al CHIf'S, 1113-1919- -con.

( 'itil''i.

1\ par _ Popula-
tion.

l)ntario-con. I
IIamilton-('onc-lu<.h.tl.. '. . . .. Hilt)
HHï
Hn

I!} I!J

J OIl<.lon... .. .

.. . . . . . . . ., HH3
UH4
1915
, 191ft
191ï
H}I

191

1913
UH4
1915
19H>
1917
1915
191(}

Brantrord.

.. . .1
I

Kin
ston. . . . .. . .

1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
, HHS
1919

Petprhorou
h.. . . . . . . . . . . . .1

1913
1914
191.5
1916
1917
191.

1919

\\ ind50r. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

1913
1914
HH5
1916
HH7
1
1

1919
Fort William........ . _ . . . . _ . . 1 1913
1914
, 1915
19H>
1917
1918
Kitchener. . . .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . ..1 ::::
I 1914
1 1915
1916
1917
I 191R
1919

]8427-8

104,33()
10-1 , :330
I()CJ ,U70
107,9SU

52, V-IO
.it, 2:!U
5.),
fjO
3.i, NU,
.53. 130
56.210.
.jij.
6UI
26. IOU,
26.100'
25, ISO,
2ti,3.50
27.410,
2S, .tIj()
31,'\70'
1
21.010
21, :!60
21 , 3
0
22.2ïO
2:J , 020
23,ï-lfl
.)
')6{)
-' ,- I
H',170 '
19,tì.10 '
1 !}, -I:JO'
18, !}50
w.noo.
19,
VUI
')0 ') o n
- ,- I
21,tHO.
.).) 500
23: 640 , '
23,640
')' 3 _ 0 - 1
_' " a
2
, 710,
32,290 ,
24,070
27, ISO
20,850
18,850
18,850
19.520
19,5:WI
18,500
18,88U
19,090
19,200
19, 200 1
19. 580 1
24,2
0

I . ) E.",.. /xa,um I
of 1m'rea;o.p
BIn IS. 'Iar- Df'ath:,. Births pt'r 1,000
rialZ;CS. OVl'r of Popu-
Dea.t h
. lat ion.
I 2,S"
1, 147 1 1,24] 1, ß.ti }.'; . 79
2,747 I,U73. 1,252, 1 , -195 1-I.3;J
1 2,77U 1 ,003' 1,756 ' 1,01-1 !}-30
1 2 , 636 ' 1 ,
4
) I 1,2S] 1,382 12'80
.) . W

1._031
1.
UO I
1,IX5
1,

-t
1, IOU,
1,1
,
1,192
I
742.
So." '
n:w'
70!}1
(i
5
iOi I
ß

r: <, ,I
,)_eJ
517;
w').)
,)--
5911
57!'
tì.33 ,
571 1
-170
t76'
182'
44S
4 w -'
t
:{1
455

511 1,423
f)2t,. 622
6:32 529
71-1 1 61-1
7581 I8-1

07 287
786 1 644
h66 1 309
956 254
1,009 199
815 202
672 150
72-1 151
686 192
506 202
531 222
534 191
569 184
194 175
1S8 159
513 274

b( )..,
6071
71O !
(i:n
.;.1!

;)5:5 1
.87
323 1
296,
269'

8
J'
292'
233 1
:tH I
:! t)."
287
291 1
264 1
2!Ji I
30il
37(
1
2:t

20i
223
215

63
193
215

)",41
so:! 1
8371
H
21
91ö l
1,151 1
1,011/
I
.
b!'
2
11
:JO(j I
:J771
440'
576
353

43!1
.>-.) \
.), -
40.; I
;'j()U,
450i
5.
2
44U i
2

254:
277 1
:J2-1
331
a32
2n

327
316
293
370
387
lSf)
446
390
311
258
28S
223
300
243

245 ,
211
200
2271
195
324
191

34.1
398
348
:\52
182
:37
1
1

6..)!'
7 ':-\4
(i.n
6-37
:J . 30
0.')5
3'IX

73 14'29
527
O-19
:\30 13'10
:J::\2 12.m)
.)W _ g';m
_.J,)
125 4'
H
.)-- 8'63
-I..,
84 4'00
143 6.82
117 5.4S
91 .t.()g
129 5.60
51 2.15
131 5.63
202 10'5-1
2221 11.:W
205 10'55
124 f)'54
126 6.42
111 .5..
;o..
182 9.01
IS4 8.51
310 13.7S
339 14.34
344 14.55
371 15.65
321 11.18
3-10 10..13
-I7f) 19.7S
645 23.73
751 36'02
527 27.96
449, 23.82
424 21.72
443' 22.69
I
2m 14-11
320' 16. 9.

334 17 . 49
342 17.81
2!J9: 15.57
If).! 8.38
322
13.26

114 AREA AND POPULATIOl,'"
IS.-Number of Births, l\larriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1913-1919-con.
Excess Natura I
of Increase
Ci ties. Year. Popula- Births. Mar- Deaths. Births per 1,000
tion. riages. over of Popu-
Deaths. lation.
Ontario-con.
Guelph. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 16,320 394 175 220 174 10.66
1914 16,800 353 145 209 144 8.57
1915 16,740 366 184 214 152 9.08
1916 16,020 362 152 244 118 7.37
1917 16,020 413 131 211 202 12.61
1918 16,970 370 142 262 108 6.36
1919 17,030 323 207 221 102 5.99
St. Thomas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 14,520 318 205 178 140 9.64
1914 15,490 340 186 218 122 7.88
1915 15,840 362 169 188 174 10.98
1916 15,840 324 161 216 108 6.82
1917 15 ,880 334 147 192 142 8.94
1918 15 ,810 325 142 279 46 2.91
1919 15,870 366 222 222 144 9.07
Stratford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 14,570 337 141 192 145 9.95
1914 14,570 357 139 165 192 13.18
. 1915 15 , 150 378 156 185 193 12.74
1 1916 16,410 367 162 204 163 9.93
1917 15,450 335 108 158 177 11.46
i 1918 15,450 320 93 242 78 5.05
. 1919 16,060 301 184 157 144 8.97
Owen Sound. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..1
m 12,790 329 127 178 151 11.81
12,560 342 125 138 204 16.24
, 1915 12,380 312 112 140 172 13.89
1916 12,080 344 139 202 142 11.75
1917 11 , 650 312 120 151 161 13.82
1918 12,270 297 98 174 123 10.02
1919 11 , 930 290 131 123 167 14.00
St. Catharines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1913 15,080 420 194 242 178 11.80
1914 15 ,860 500 238 243 257 16.20
1915 16,660 587 257 255 332 19.92
1916 16,690 554 250 286 268 16.06
1917 17,760 574 152 227 347 19.54
1918 17,870 516 166 343 173 9.68
1919 17,880 563 232 273 290 16.22
Port Arthur. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 18,030 706 249 294 412 22.85
1914 18,320 702 210 215 487 26.58
1915 14,310 589 138 163 426 29.77
I 1916 15,220 533 142 157 376 24.70
1917 15,220 516 147 192 324 21.29
1918 15, 100 497 136 221 276 18.28
1919 15,100 473 189 191 282 18.66
Sault Ste. Marie. .. . . . . . . .. . . . 1913 12,290 306 157 236 70 5.70
1914 13,200 279 180 198 81 6.14
1915 12,590 288 168 180 108 8.58
1916 12,920 271 133 196 75 5.80
1917 13,030 354 133 216 138 10.59
1918 19,590 525 170 403 112 5.72
1919 20,850 572 265 353 219 10.50
Cha tham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 12,390 260 207 207 53 4.28
1914 12,830 250 194 230 20 1.56
1915 13,090 256 1 179 189 67 5.11
1916 13,240. 256 192 230 26 1.96

T IT
lL ST
l TISTICS

115

16.-:\ umber of ßirth" l\larrla
e!' and D('aths
by Prln<'lpal CIUl's, 1913-1919 -con.

Cities. lear.

Ontar io--concluded.
Chatham-concluded.... . 1917
HHb
lUlU

Galt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. HH3
HH4
HI15
1!116
HH7
HHH
I 1919
I

Sarni:;\. . . . .

..' HIl3
lUI4
1915
lOW
1917
l!}IX
WI!)

.1 HH

HH4
I!H5
, 19H>
1917
HH8
19t9
.11913
HH4
1915
1911,
1917
191

1919
,\ ûodstock. .. . . . . . .. . _ .. . . .. . / 1913
1914
, 1915
1916
1917
; 1918
1919
Niagara Falls. .. .. . .. . . . . . . ..1 1913
, 1914
i 1915
1916
, 1917
I 1918
1919

B{>llevillE.'. . . . . . .

Brockville... . . . . _ _ .

North Bay......... . . . . . . . . .. 1913
. 1914
1915
1 1916
1917
1 1918
1919

18427-8

I Excess Natural
of Inerea
c
Popula- Births. :Mar- Dea ths Births per 1,000
lion. riages. over of Popu-
Deaths. lation.
14.350 267, 202 233 34 2.37
15 , 140 267 1 121 283 -16 -1.05
15 ,470 247 232, 218 29 1.87
11.930 280 150 156 124 10.39
12.020 323 132 139' 184 15.31
11 ,810 2!J8 108 144 154 13.04
11 ,880 279 116 143 136 11.45
11 . 880 275 103 175 100 8.42
12.520 251 118 238 13 1.04
12,390 265 162 145 120 9.68
11 ,5;)0 258 lR4 149 109 9.44
12.090 270 179 156 114 9.43
12.140 295 12E 164 131 10.79
12,280 2H2 165 198 94 7.65
12,960 271 126 16n 102 7.87
12.ROO 2b9 117 238 51 3.98
13.3001 273 194 203 70 5.26
10. 600 1 258 13
18; 71 6.70
11 ,230 240 130 14Y 91 8.10
11.940 2GO 124 172 88 7.37
11.610, 255 136' 204 51 4.39
11 ,430
I 1331 165 43 3.76
11 , 360 120. 234 58 5.11
11.600 264 12;), lil 93 7.96
9.6751 225 127 186 39 4.03
9,
Î5
2b 85 173 55 5.93
9,460 236 106 193 43 4.55
9.510 241 1 llY 165 76 7.99
9,580 :!24 122 181 43 4.49
9.450 237 121 1 252 -15 -1.58
9.400 208 115 157 51 5.43
9,4&5 223 106 143 1 80 8.43
9,600 i 203 131 124 79 8.23
9.600 210 111 110 100 10.41
9.520 1 206 135 132 74 7.77
9,600 173 101 116 57 5.94
9,600 189 77 131 58 6.04
9,700 187 113 167 21 2.16
12,020 267 1 492 131 136 11.31
11,650 294 291 140 154 13.22
11 ,450 263 292 133 130 11.35
12,030 1 275 294 145 130 10.81
12,030, 289 225 137 152 12.64
12.770 316 213 247 69 5.74
14,690 297 334 172 125 8.51
9.490 340 124 144 196 20.65
10.980 406 121 146 260 23.68
8,935 416 91 128 288 32,23
8, 750 406 103 107 299 34.17
8,750 345 103 101 244 27.89
8,530 343 55 177 166 19.46
9,230 377 115 145 232 25.14
I

116

ARE.! AAVD POPULA.TIOAY

6.-::\umber or Births, l\larriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1913-1919-con.

Excess IKatural
of Increase
Citie
. Year. Popula- Births. Mar- Deaths. Births per 1,000
tion. riages. over of Popu-
Dca ths. la tion .
Manitoba-
\Vinnipeg. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 1913 184,730 5,577 3,404 2,204 3,373 18.26
1914 203,255 5,789 3,070 1,955 3,834 18.86
1915 212,889 5,823 2,766 1,763 4,060 19.07
1916 201,981 6,233 2,663 2,039 4,194 20.7H
1917 201,981 5,638 2,358 1,726 3,912 19.37
1918 182,848 5,848 2,700 2,061 3,787 20.71
1919
Brandon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 15,911 680 296 279 401 25.20
1914 17, 177 641 277 229 412 23.99
1915 17,200 625 279 287 338 19.06
1916 18,048 H21 263 248 373 20.72
1917 18,048 566 198 212 354 19.61
1918 15,699 471 150 224 247 15 .73
1919
St. Boniface....... . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 11 ,405 327 109 389 62 -5.43
1914 12,025 421 119 302 119 9.90
1915 12,307 354 81 268 86\ 6.98
1916 11,581 334 130 280 54 4.H6
1917 11 ,581 350 93 257 93 8.03
1918 11 , 600 334 H9 526 -192 -16.55
1919
Portage la Prairie. . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 6,343 231 97 118 11:3 17.81
1914 6,500 204 85 126 78 12.00
1915 6,300 200 88 125 75 10.31
1916 5,832 197 88 119 78 13.37
1917 5,832 188 75 134 54 9.25
1918 5,832 192 57 148 44 7.54
1919
Saskatchewan-
Regina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 - 845 528 486 359, -
1914 50,000 1,006 493 298 708 14.16
1915 40,000 1 1,010 428 288 722 18.00
1916 40,000 956 452 362 614 15.30
1917 40,000 1,053 470 484 569 14.20
1918 40,000 930 499 597 333 8.30
1919
Moosejaw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 - 515 484 284 231 -
1914 30,000 607 400 210 397 13.23
1915 24,000 604 382 188 416 17.30
1916 20,000 562 451 213 349 17.40
1917 20,000 716 429 158 558 27.90
1918 20,000 552 392 378 172 8.70
1919
Saskatoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 - 856 576 429 427 -
1914 30,000 914 433 265 649 21.63
1915 25,000 799 445 210 589 23.50
1916 21,054 748 509 267 481 23.30
1917 21,054 814 536 -131 383 18.20
1918 21,054 734 490 437 297 14.10
1919
North Battleford............ 1913 - 239 74 67 172 -
1914 6,000 198 92 46 152 25.3:J
1915 5,000 148 71 52 1 96 19.20
1916 3,500 143 82 55 881 25.10

1"1 T_ t L S '/'. t TIS T [( 'S 117
.1.- 'um her of IUrt hs. :\1arrl.,

s and Dt'a f hs, h) Prlndl)al l'ltl('
. 1913-1919 -con.
1\ ellr .lpOPUln_ E}'(,t'ð
Xatural
of Incrca
{'
('it it:s . Hirt Its 'far- I>t'u t It
. Births (X'r 1,000
tion. riul!t'
. 0' ('r of Popu-
])t':lt In.. lation.
S...RJ..at c he" an--':unc!ud....1. I

()rth Battleford-('ondudl'o.. HH7 3,500 14-" 95 107 41 11 . 'iO
, HHS 3,50Ü 1 .)... 61 ti2 65 18.50
-I
: 1919
Prim'p _\lbcrt... .1 1913 310 17
172 138
I 1914 10,00(1 274 144 12:1 151 15.10
BH5 10,00(' 198 13
' H8 100 lO'UO
HH6 8,50<1 If\4 1371
tI 85 10.00
1917 S l 50n
:J3' 102 120 113 13.30
HH
8
OO' 212' 125 1 149 63 7.40
HI19 ,J I , I

\\ift Current.... .1 W14 141 110 18.33
li,OOO 15J 1 49
1915 5.0001 lIb 111 3U 88 17.60
HH6 4,000 1 fJ6 I 1!J4. 47 4t1 12.20
191'i 4,000 Ij(j 1...,,1 62 94 23 .50
I...
W18 4. (J{J(JI 111 151 1 li3 48 12.0n
1919
\\ (')' hurn. . . . . .. . . . . . . ./ HH4 165, 48 117 21. Hit
.5 , 343 I 114
HH5 5,000. 117 tJ
' 6S 49 9.bO
191tJ 4,000 115 9(1 41 74 18.50
UH7 4,000 119 77 49 70 17.50
191
1.000 91 71 76 15 3.70
1919
AIL('rta- I HH3
Calgary. . .. . . . . . . . 2,27b 1,37!/
'ib 1,400
IHI4 2,354 1,121 f
1,669
HU5 2, 162 1,000 636 1,526
HH6 56,514 1,949 975 fHl 1,308 23. 14
1917 56,414 2,06; 926 602 1,465 25.92
. HHb 2,0f\2 1,059 1,023
1919 75,000 1, 971 1 1 , W3 755 1,216 16.21
Fdmonton.. . I 1913 I 778/ .
87
1,365 9Mi
HH4 I,R24 1,009' 652 1 1, 172 1
HH5 1, 909 1 97fi ' 612 1 ,29,
Im6 53,846 1,.199,
4
612 %7 18.33
1917 53,R46 1 1,549 774 541 1 , OOb I 18.72
I 191f\ 66,oõo l 1.641 1' 076 1 565
1919 1,773 1,00ü 823 950 1 14.39
Lethbndgc .1 HI13 241
42 166 1
75
1914 :?47. 2211 138 109'
1
1915 ..,-- 19R 105: 172
-"1
19H> 9,43fj :
3" I 197, 140 1 198 20.9b
HIl7 9,4:6, 3:
3, 2
61 14r., 185 19.61
1918 360' 230 130
HH9 12,000 35:
' 199 1 lü4' 189/ 15.75
'It>dieine Hat... HH3 32k! 264 215 113
1914 419 179 162 257
1915 372/ 171 104 2H8
1916 9. 27
I 397 207 123 274 29.55
1917 9,272 452 247 138 314 33.87
1915 4.59 224 235 1
1919 11 ,000j 383 205 181 202 1
.36
BritÜ,lJ Columbia.- , I
I
'aneou\"('T... . . . ..... . . .. . . . 1913 II4,220 4.115 2,4h5 1 1,799 2,316/ 20.2

1914 106,1101 2,425 1,7171 1.178
1,247. 11.75
.

118

ARE
-1 A1VD POPULATION

16.-Number of Births, Marriages and Deaths, by Principal Cities, 1913-1919.
-concluded.

Cities

Births. Mar- Deaths.
riages.
2,311 1,274 1,127
1,992 1,252 1,240
2,008 1,191 1,307
2,724 1,272 2,294
2,921 2,029 1 , 712
986 851 569
772 770 459
820 480 464
836 420 533
744 382 476
1,019 405 652
1,304 612 577
855 378 491
536 222 302
289 173 225
304 167 212
322 164 243
421 128 367
436 225 255
318 120 149
340 98 133
304 88 162
261 72 114
220 63 99
312 79 22
303 101 108

Year. Popula-
tion.

British Columbia-concluded.
Vancouver-concluded... .... 1915 100,000
1916 100,000
1917 102,550
1918-19 123,050
1919-20 123,050

Victoria. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918-19
1919-20

New 'Vestminster. . . _ 1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918-19
1919-20

Nanaimo.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918-19
1919-20

50,000
50,000
55,000
50,000
50,000
17,198
15,000
15,000
15,000
15,000
16,000
16,000
8,000
8,500
8,500
8,500
8,500
8,500
8,500

4

Excess Natura 1
of Increase
Births per 1,000
over of Popu-
Deaths. lation.
1,184 11.84
752 7.52
701 6.84
430 3.49
1,209 9.83
417
313
356 7.12
303 6.06
268 4.87
367 7.34
727 14.54
364 21.16
234 15.60
64 4.26
92 6.13
79 5.27
54 3.37
181 11.31
169, 21.12
207 24.35
142 16.70
147 17.29
121 14.24
88 10.35
195 22.94

Il\IMIG RATION.
The Census of 1911 sho,ved an increase of 34.17 p.c. in the
population of Canada in the preceding decade. Of this 34 p.c.
scarcely more than 12 p.c., certainly not 15 p.c., can have been due
to natural increase, so that immigration was undoubtedly the
chief factor in increasing Canadian population during this period.
Indeed, the gross immigration in the period from June 30, 1901 to
May 31, 1911, (the Census was taken as of June 1, 1911), ,vas
1,828,481, a figure nearly equal to the total increase of Canadian
population in the decade, 1,835,328. Unfortunately, \ve have no
statistics of emigration, but on the assumption of a normal natural
increase not exceeding 15 per thousand per annum, we may estimate
that the larger part of the increase of the decade was due to inlmi-
gration. Again, in the first three normal pre-war years of the present
decade (the fiscal years 191.2 to 1914), the total gross immigration
was 1,141,537, 15.8 p.c. of our total 1911 population. Gross immi-
gration was thus at the rate of over 5 p.c. of our population per
annum, while natural increase was certainly not over 1.5 p.c.
Immigration, which has been at a low ebb during the war period,
may once lnore, when normal conditions a.re restored, become the

I.JIJIIGR,tTION

119

chief nlean
of reinforeing P()PUI
ltion and popul:\ting the vast wastf'
"paces of Canada. Unùer such conditions the racial and linguistic
conl})o:-.ition uf t h:lt inunigration hl'COlneS ûf paranlount ilnportancc.
Can:ldians generally prefer that inllnigrants should be of a rcadily
a:'\sÏ1nilable type, already idf'ntificd hy race or language "pith one
or other of the t,vo great racc;s no,v inhabiting t hi
country.
Since the French are not to any great extent an eloigrating pl'ople,
this means that the acceptable Ï111migrants who COllle to Canada are
those ".ho speak the English language-those coming froln the
United J\:ing;dom or the UltÏtpd State
. Next in onh\r of readine
s
of a:-\
iInilation are the
candinavi'lll and Dutch inuuigrants, ,vho
readily learn English and are already' acquainted \\'ith the working
of frec dcmocratic institution
; a fc,v years ago nlo:-,t Canrrdian:-;
would have included the Gcrrnan immigrants in the
:lIne catpgory.
Inunigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, ho,vever desirabÌe
froln the purely economic point of vic,v, are lc
.., readily as
imilated,
and the Canadiani7ing of the people fronl the
e regions ,vha came
to Canada in the first fourteen year
of this century is a problem
both in the agricultural Prairip Province:, and in the cities of the
East. Le
s a

inlilable Fìtill, accordin
to the general opinion of Cana-
dians, are those iuunigrants who corne to Canada from the Orient.
In view' of the new cen')us, it is desirablc to con:siùcr briefly
the immi
ra tion ".hich has taken place
ince 1 9 11, èlccording to
origins. In the nine years froBl April 1911 to :\Iarch, 1920, the
total number of inunigrants ,,-as 1,6(H.,3t)9, of which 364,202, or 33.9
p.c. came from the United J<:ingdom, 700,039, or 42.06 p.c. from
the "United States, find 400,118, or 24.04 p.c. from other countrie
.
These nine years fall naturally into two period:;-the pre-,var period
from .A.pril, 1911 to July, 1914, inclu
ive, or 3} year:-" and the war
and reconstruction period froin August, 1914 to :\Iarch, 1920, 5i
years. In the first period, iDlmigrants from other countries than
the United I\:ingdom and the United States reached the very large
nUD1ber of 3ö8,42b in :1 total inlmigration of 1,247,178; in the second
they numbered only 31,690 in a total of 417,]81, or taking the figures
for the five fiscal years 1916 to 1920, only 28,371 in a total of 378,023.
'fhe number of immigrants to be a:,
ÎInilated has thus not markedly
increased in the past five years, but the problem of assimilating the
pre-,var Îlnmigrants from the<;e countries reJ.nains. _\.. note,vorthy
effort to
olve this prohleIn, so far as the younger generation is con-
cerned, i
no'v being made by the Departments of Educ:l tion of the
three Prairie Provinces.
Recent In1migration.-For the fiscal year ended
larch 31,
1020, (the first full year of peace), the number of irnmigrants aI-riving
in Canada was 117,336, more than doubling the 1919 figure of 57,702.
In the preceding ,var years the numbers had been 79,074 in 1918;
75,374 in 1917; 48,537 in 1916; as cOlnpared with 144,789 in the
fiscal year 1915 (partly a war year), and 384,878 in 1914, the year
before the ,var broke out. Of the 1920 immigrants, 59,603, or 51 p.c.
CaJ.11e froIH the United I\:ingdonl, 49,65ü, or 42 p.c. froln the United
States, and 8,077, or -; p.c. frolll other countries .As
ho,Yn by Table

.

120

AREA. A?\-D POPULATION

17, the increase in 1920 over 1919 ,,,as llulinly due to the larger nurn-
bel's con1Ïng from the United I\:ingdom, which account for about
50,000 ont of a total inerease of approximately 60,000. Inlmigrants
from the L nited States increased by about 9,000, and those from
other countries by 1,000. Table 18 gives the immigrants of the
laf't
even fiscal
Tpars, f'lassified [Lf'('ording to nationalitie:s. The
rejections and the deportation of immigrant arrivals from 1903
to 1920 are recorded by principal causes in Table 19. The occupations
and de:5tination:-; of imn1Îgrant.s arriving during the fiscal years 1919
and 1920 are given in Table 22, and the destinations of immigrants
arriving bet,veen 1901 and 1920 are stated in Table 23.
- ... ..
Chinese Immigration.-The conditions under v;hich Chin'ese
iUlInigrants havp been allowpd to enter Canada have been de::,cribed
in previous issues of the Year Book (see edition for 1915, page 110).
The nUll1ber of Chinese entering Canada has been luuch reduced
in reet-'nt years, o,ving to the operation of the Order in Council (re-
ne\\"ed every f'ix rnonths since December 8, 1913), under which the
landing in British Columbia of skilled and un3killed artisans and
labourf.:'r
is prohibited. In the fiscal year 1920 the number of Chinese
in1migrants who paid head tax was 363, as compared with 4,OG6 in
1919, 650 in 1918 and 272 in 1917. A record of Chinese immigration
from 1886 tu 1920, sho,ving the nunlber of Îlnmigrants paying head
tax, the nU111her pxen1pt frolll head tax, and the revenue collected,
is given as r-fable 24, ,vhile Table 25 gives the total Oriental Ï1nmi-
gration (Chine:5e, Japanese and Hindoo) for the past t,venty year:5.

17.-N"umber of Inlmi
rant Arrivals in Canada, 1897-1920.

bnlIGRANT ARRIVALS IMMIGRANT ARRIVALS
FROM FRO:\1
Fiscal Total. Fiscal Total.
Years. "C nitcd Other Years. United Other
King- United Coun- King- U ni tf'd Coun-
dome Stateð. tries. dom. States. tries.
Ko. Ko. No. No. No. No. No. :Ko.
1897 1 .. .. . . 11,383 2,412 7,921 21,716 1909.... . 52,901 59,832 34,175 146,9ù

1898 1 . . . . . . 11,173 9,119 11,608 31,900 1910..... 59,790 103,798 45,206 208,794
18mp...... 10,660 11,945 21,938 44,543 1911. . . . . 123,013 121,451 66,620 311 ,084
1900 2 .... .. 5,141 8,543 10,211 23,895 1912.. .. . 138,121 133,710 82,406 354,237
1901 .. .. . . . 11 ,810 17,987 19,352 49,149 1913., ... 150,542 139,009 112,881 402,432
1902..... . 17,259 26,388 23,732 67,379 1914. . .. . 142,622 107,530 134,726 3R4,878
1903..... . 41,792 49,473 37,099 128,364 1915.... . 43,276 59,779 41,734 H4,789
1904. . .. . . 50,374 45,171 34,786 130,331 1916.. . . . 8,664 36,937 2,936 48,537
1905 .. .. 65,359 43,543 37,364 146,266 1917.... . 8,282 61,389 5,703 75,374
1906. ..... .. 86,796 57,796 44,472 189,064 1918.. .. . 3,178 71,314 4,582 79,074
1907 3 ..... . 55,791 34,659 34,217 124,667 1919..... 9,914 40,715 7,073 57,702
19m
. . . . 120,182 58,312 83,975 262,469 1920. _... 59,603 49,656 8,077 117,336

lCa]end:u year.
Sjx months, .January to .June, inclusive. 3
îne months enùeò
lareh

31.

[.\[ J[ ]GH..1 TIU6Y

121

1
. - \rrhaJ, at Inland and 0 ('an ..orts In ('anad.. in "1,,(.a) 1. ears 19l:1-19".!O.

ntionalitif"
.

British-
J :nJ!1 ish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
J ri:--h . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . .
:,('ot (" h. . . . '. . . . . .
Wf'b,h........ . . . .
Total ßrHi,h ...............1

.\fri('un,
outh.......
_\u
tralinn_...... ..........
Au
tro-HunJ!:urißn........... .
Bf.l
ian. . . . . . . . . .
Brazilian.
Hul
3rian .
( 'hines('
Cuban.. .
J )utch. . . . . . . . .
.Finnish. . . . . . . . . .
French. .. . . .. . .
Gf'rman.. .......
Grf'pk. . .
Hehrew....... .
Hindoo. .
Italian. .
Japanf>S(.'. . . .
.\1 aCf>ùonian
)Ialtf.:)(....... . . . . . .
X t'gro. . . . . . . . . ,

f>"foundland... .
"X PW Z('alanù. . .
Per
ian. .
Poli:,h
Portugll('
('. .
Houmanian. . .
Ru
...ian-
Ru:,
ian, X .E.
... . . . . . ..

candina vian-
Dani:,h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J('('landic.. __.... . . . .
X orwe
ian. . . . . . _ . . .

\\('dish.
:,('rhian.. .
:,panish. . .
:--;wi
s. . . .
Turkish, etc.-
Turki..h, K .E.S..
.\rahian........ .
_ \rm('nian.... . . .
Egyptian....... .

.
'--'vnan...... .
l" .S.À. Citizen
, via ocean
ports....... . . .. . ., . . . . . .1
Wf>::::.t Indian...... . . . . . . .
Other nationalities... . .. . . .

Total í'ontlnt.'ntal., etc.... . .
.'rom the ...S..\.............

Total immi
ation. . . . . . . . . .

HH4. HH5.

102,122
9,5SS
29,12'"
1 , 7
71
lI2.'
:.
56'
106
2
,3231
2,051
5 1
1,727
5,512'
10
1 ,5U6
3, I
3
2,
:

5,537
1,102
11 , 252
hS
24,722

=)t)
1-- \
102
2f.fi,
496
24
1D
9,793
M,
1,504
24, 4

.1
b711

30,h07
3,S25,
8,346
598'
"3.
;61
231
51
-- 1 . 0 1
" J
1,149'
,0-1,,1
1,25

I
f;05
4.")H
I , 2()f)
2,4i2
1,147
3,107

6,22

.=)H2
132
19
202
33R
21
7,
I,Hi6

ðtH

5,201

26
2ft? 145'
1,647\ 7f-;o..'
2,4
5 fHfi
1 H
2:?0
1, 13:-;' j55

2m'l 20fl
IS;. 3)
Hi' -I
I
U 36
51 -I
27& 7{j
1211 411
419' 389,
29 1 36\
13-1, 726 .j t ,734
107,530 1 59,779,
38.j,
;81 1.j.j,7
91

X .E.S.-Xot p}:-õewhere
pecified.

1\116.

5,&:}71
81b l
1,:-;
7
102
1
",.S .J
111

')
isl
172 1
2
1
,I.;
I
l,..,lj
139
1
(I
27
145
65
1
Jh..

401
4
34
255
1
1
f\
::1
1
167 1
15
2
2
Iii
6
11\
4'")1
..,

3
I
15
4;1
1\
2,936
36,93.
48.53.

HH 'i .

5,174
958'
2, 062 1
S8
I
ð.2b2
I
!
12
1

75S
tH

109
9

1,243
12

5
3
9 1
2()1
315
I'
\
5.703
61,
9
I
75,37,11

191h.

393
3
151
24!'
1!IH
9
25"
136

2, 4 ;7 I
li4
4731
54
3.17s 1
4 1
34 1
ïn l
õ
J
11
94
113
114
I
45
:32

1:-;9
bb3
144
:3.'>
1,199
13
. 2

12
1
4

<).
_"

145
9 1
303
332
7à'
30

28 1
3
1
.J.a
2
a 314 1

9:0;41
\

1919.

7,954
336'
1 '518 1
106
9.91-1

.3,
3
59
2
222
1
4
22

49
l,li8

42

74
J
235
156
2bl
12

2

2

W20.

4;),173
2,751
10, UH;
68

59,603

a5
2
4&

23
8S
8
1,532

1
544
2
154
44
1,5b4
12
39
116
1,1ti5
'ill

2
22
512
15
2
4

405
61
443
31

76
3
21

42
44
12
91
101
1
12
11

;)1

233
11
179
241
12
15
100
1
10
18

21 55
223 1 66
3' 22
7,07) li,077
40,715 49,656
I
57.702 117,336
I

122

AREA AND POPULATION

19.-Rejections of Immigrants upon arrival at Ocean Ports and Deportations after
admission, by principal causes, 1903-1920.

Principal Causes.

Number Rejected at Ocean Ports.

1903-
1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. Jrotals

Accompanying patients. 249 104
Bad character.......... 440 122
Contract labour. . . . . . . . . 56 28
Criminality....... . . . . . . 46 10
Head tax.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lack of funds...... .... . 187 1,038
Likely to become a pub-
lic charge. .... . . . . . . .. 1,274 274 164 56 76 71
Medical causes...... . . .. 2,993 585 256 328 398 319
Not complying with
regulations....... .. _ _ 73 48 119 55 178 40 11 22 8 7 474 1,035
Previously rejected..... --=-

--=-
--=- --=- --=- I --=-

Totals...... . . . .. . .. 5,318 2,210 972 756 1,827 998 163 174 71 70 662'13,221
I I I I

53
112
. 3
5
6
246

4

3

2

4

28
80

76
102

58
56

4
17

8
4

1
11

2
4
1

590
947
92
79
6
28 3,271
125 2,196
21 4,995

9
1
1
3

204

994

452

38

55

19

10

55
34

55
30

19
12

27
19

Principal Causes. Number Deported after Admission.
Accompanying patients. 94 18 17 16 101 34 5 9 39 10 18 270
Bad character......... . 150 71 120 165 159; 128 68 60 84 35 22 1,062
Criminality....... . . . .. . 335 172 242 334 376 404 329 277 274 236 334 3,313
Medical causes..... . . . . . 1,475 222 229 370 570 379 206 98 39 70 123 3,781
Not complying with
regulations...... . . . . . . - 12 8 4 4 - - - - - - 28
Public charges.... . . . _ . . 1,829 289 343 392 715 789 635 161 91 103 158 5,505
- - - - - - - - - - - -
Totals. . . . . . _ . . . . . . . 3,883 78! 959 1,281 1,834 1,734 1,243 605 527 45! 655 13,959
;

20.-Number by Nationalities of Immigrants Deported after Admission, 1903-1920.

Nationalities.

Deported after Admission.

B
A

o -
1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. Jrota
- - - - - - - - - -
ritish. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 2,801 458 540 559 952 877 602 186 36 99 184 7,294
merican. . . . . . . . 264 169 256 377 405 461 437 324 407 279 392 3,771
Other countries......... . 818 157 163 345 477 396 204 95 84 76 79 2,894
- - - - -- - - - - - -- -
Totals............. . 3,8S3 784 959 1,2
1 1,83! 1,73! 1,213 605 527 454 655 13,959
I

19 3

Is

21.-Juvenile Immigrants and Applications for their Services, 1901-1920.

Fiscal
Year.

Juvenile Applications Fiscal Juvenile Applications
immigrants. for their Year. immigrants. for their
services. services.
No. No. No. No.
977 5,783 1911. .. . 2,524 21,768
1,540 8,587 1912. 2,689 31,040
1,979 14,219 1913. 2,642 33,493
2,212 16,573 1914... _ . -. 2,318 32,417
2,814 17,833 1915. . .. . . -. 1,899 30,854
3,258 19,374 1916. _ ........ .... 821 31, 725
1,455 15,800 1917.. . . . . . . . . . 251 28,990
2,375 17,239 1918. . . . . . . . . . . - 17,916
2,424 15,417 1919. . . . . . . . . . . - 11,718
2,422 18,477 1920. . ....... ... 1,400 10, 235
Total. . . . . . . 36,000 399,'{58

1901. .. . . . . . . . .
1902. . . . . .. . . . .
1903. .. . . .. ". .
1904. . . . . .. ...
1905. . . . . . . . .
1906. . . . . . . . . . .
1907 1 . . .. . .. ..
1908. . . . . . . . . . .
1909. . . . . . . . . . .
1910... .. . . . . . .

NOTE.-The above are included in the total number of immigrants recorded elsewhere.
1 Nine months.

IJIJIIGRAITIO
Y

12J

2
. - 0('('111)311011 2tlld ))('stillation of Totallnlßlh:rant .\rrhals In Canada for the }'lscal
\" ('ar
1919 and 1920.

1919. 1920.
Description. Via From the , ia From the
Ocean United Totals. OCP.aJ1 U ni tad Totals.
Ports. States. Ports. States.
Farmer8 and Carm lubourer--

{en. 5'\3 9,553 10,136 5,037 13,561 18,598
\\omen. 255 3,413 3,66 Q 2,267 3,932 6,19!)
Children. 141 4,;80 4,921 1,542 4,943 6,485
Genemllabourcu-

I('n.. .. . .97 2,M8 3,445 1,897 2,686 4,5"3
"omen. . . . 110 734 fìH 958 646 1,604
Children. . . 60 535 595 559 626 1,185
YechaniC.:;i-
'Ien. . . . 334 3.778 4.112 2.655 6,136 8,791
\\ omen. . . 265 1.205 1,470 1,514 1,8.14 3,358
Children... . 153 1,120 1,273 940 1,551 2,491
CI('rk8, traders. etc -

Ien.. ..... . 457 1,078 1,535 {)H 1.03-1 1,981
\\omen. . . . 155 ß.l0 í95 890 519 1,409
Children. . 35 ;!...t4 21\9 186 229 415
Miner -
)Ien . .. . 15 273 288 331 343 674
\\ omen. .. .. . 15 53 68 120 50 170
Children. . ... .. . 18 48 66 118 H 159
Dom
tiC8- 15
Women .. . 508 1,188 1,696 4.978 1,076 6,054
Xot da.'JSified-
:\[('n, .. . 3,92:> 2,401 6,326 3,311 2,934 6,245
\\omen. . .......... . 5,971 4.082 10,053 26,928 4,284 31,212
Childrpn. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,190 2,932 6.122 12.502 3,221 15,723
Total<:-

ren . . . 6,111 19,731 25,842 14,178 26,694 40,872
\\ ompn. . 7,279 11,315 18,594 37,6,')5 12,351 50,006
Children...... . .. - .. .. .. .. ........ .. 3,597 9,669 13,266 15,S47 10,611 26,458
Totals ..... .',t'\; 40,71;') 51,702 67,
I\O 4t,6;)C 117,33'
Deetinat ion-
)Iaritime Provinces. . ... . 1,325 2,535 3,860 3,169 2,385 5,554
Quebec.. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. ...... .. 1,566 5,206 6,772 7,273 5,805 13,078
Ontario... . 4,988 8.838 13,826 27,405 11,939 39,344
:Manitoba.. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 1,141 3,721 4,862 6,899 4,4

11,387
Saskatchewa
:' ::.. ...... 1,126 7,426 8,552 6.264 8,023 14,287
Alberta.... . 1,275 10,365 11,640 6,717 13,283 20,000
British Columbia:.:. . . . . 5,565 2,525 8,090 9,945 3,601 13,546
Yukon.. .. .. - .. .. .. .. .. . 1 99 100 8 132 140

23. -Destination of Immigrants Into Canada. b). Prmin('es. 1901-1920.

Iari- Sa5- Briti
h I
I Colum-
Fis('al time Quebec. Ontario.
Iani- katch- Alberta bia and Xot Totals.
Year. Prov. toba. ewan. Yukon shown.
Terr'y.
I I
Xo. :\0. Xo.
o. :\0.
o. 1'0. 1"0. No.
1901. . . . . . . . 2,144 1 10,216 1 6,208; 11 , 254'1 14,HiO 2, (iOOi 2,567 49,149
1902........ 2,312 8,817 9, 79
I 17,422 22,199 3,4R3 3,34R 67,379
1903........ 5,821 17,040 14,854 1 39, 535 i 43,89R 5,3781 1,838 128,364
1904. .. . . . . . 5,448 20,222 1 21,266 34,911 40,397 6,994 1 1,093 130,331
1905.. . . 4,128 23,666 1 35,Rlll 35, 387 1 39,289 6,OOS 1,977 146,266
1906....... . 6,381 25,212' 52, 746 1 35,648\ 2.
, 72RI 26,177. 12,40(i 1,766 189,064
! '> '> -

1907 (9 m)..

6,;)10 18,319 32,654 _0,....73 15,307 17,559 13,6;)0

395 124,667

.

124

A. REA. AJ.YD POPULATIO
V

23.-Destination of Immigrants into Canada
by Prmin('(>s, 1901-1920-concluded.

.M:ari- ðas-
Fiscal time Que bee. Ontario. Mani- katch- Alber
Year. Prov. toba. ewan.
No. No. No. No. No. No.
1908. . . . . . . . 10,360 44, 157 75,133 39,789 30,590 31,4
1909........ 6,517 19,733 29,265 19,702 22,146 27,6
1910. . . . . . . . 10,644 28,524 46,129 21,049 29,218 42,5
1911. . . . .. . . 13,236 42,914 80,035 34, 653 40,763 44,7
1912....... . 15,973 50,602 100,227 43,477 46, 158 45,9
1913........ 19,806 64,835 122,798 43,813 45,147 48,0
1914. . . . . . . . 16,730 80,368 123,792 41,640 40,999 43,7
1915 . . . . . .. . 11,104 31,053 44,873 13, 196 16,173 18,2
1916....... . 5,981 8,274 14,743 3,487 6,001 7,2
1917.. . . . . . . 5,710 10,930 26,078 5,247 9,874 12,4
1918....... . 5,247 9,059 23,754 6,252 12,382 16,8
1919.... .... 3,860 6,772 13,826 4,862 8,552 11,6
1920. . .. .. . . 5,554 13,078 39,344 11 , 387 14,287 20,0
Totals. 163,466 5:J3,791 913,33t 482,984 940,551

British
Colum-
ta. bia and Not Totals.
Yukon shown.
Terr'y.

No.
77 30,768
51 21,862
09 30,721
82 54,701
57 51,843
73 57,960
41 37,608
63 10,127
15 2,836
18 5,117
21 5,559
40 8,190
00 13,686
381,497

No. No.
195 262,469
32 146,908
- 208,794
- 311 ,084
- 354,237
- 402,432
- 384,878
- 144,789
48,537
75,374
79,074
57,702
- 117,336
13,211 1 3,428,834

24.-Record of Chinese Immigration, 1886-1920.

Percentage of
Paying Exempt total arrivals Hegistra-
Fiscal Year. tax. from tax. admitted tion for
exempt leave.
from tax.
No. Ko. p.c. No.
Ihð6-91. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,590 222 4.61 7,041
1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,276 6 0.18 2,168
1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,244 14 0.62 1,277
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,087 22 1.04 666
1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,440 22 1.50 473
1896........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,762 24 1.34 697
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,447 24 0.97 768
1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,175 17 0.78 802
1899. . . . . . . . . . ..... . 4,385 17 0.39 859
1900. . . .. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 4,231 26 0.61 1,102
1901. . . . . . . . . . -.... ............ 2,518
6 1.02 1,204
1902 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,525 62 1.73 1,922
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,245 84 1.58 2,044
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,719 128 2.64 1,920
1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 69 89.61 2,080
1906....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 146 86.90 2,421
1907 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 200 68.73 2,594
1908....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,482 752 33.67 3,535
1909............................ . 1,411 695 33.00 3,731
1910........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,614 688 29.89 4,002
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,515 805 15.13 3,956
1912...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,083 498 7.57 4,322
1913......... . .., .... . ... ., ., .. . . 7,078 367 4.93 3,742
1914....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,274 238 4.32 3,450
1915....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,155 103 8.19 4,373
1916........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 69 77.53 4,064
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 121 30.78 3,312
1918........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 119 15.47 2,907
1919. . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,066 267 6.16 3,244
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 181 33.27 5,529
Totals........ .. .... I 78,748 6,012 7.09 8O,2U5

Total
Revenue.

$
239,664
166,503
113,491
105,021
72,475
88,800
123,119
109, 754
220,310
215,102
178,704
364,972
526,744
474,420
6,080
13,521
48,094
746,535
713,131
813,003
2,262,056
3,049,722
3,549,242
2,644,593
588,124
19,389
140,487
336,257
2,069,669
538,479

1 Nine months.

20,537,461
I

1.11.11 lr Hat 7'10.\.

125

2.).- Rl'('Ol'd of Ol'h'l1(al hnmi.-rl'a(ion, t901-19'!O.

Fisca.l I Chi- Ja.pa- Hin- Total. Fiscal Chi- Japa- Hin- Total.
Year. nc
o. neso. doos. Y rar. nese. nese. doos.
I Xo. Xo. 1\0. Xo. No. Ko. No.
o.
.1
I
U1. . . :?,j.B 6 - 2,.,),')0 1911 . . . 5,3:!0 437 5 5,7fi2
19U2. .1 3..j
; - - :J.387 1912.... . 6, .')81 765 3 7,34:}
1903.. . ,I .j. ;
:!!I - - 5. :
2!J 1913. 7,445 724 5 8,174
UW4... ..I 4,S-t7 - - 4.ö4ì I!JB. .... 5,512 856
6,456
I
1 !}Q5. . _ . . . I 77 354 45 47û 1915. . . 1 , 258 592 - 1,8.')I}
U}06......1 168 1,922 387 2,477 1916. 89 tOl 1 491
1
071......1 291 2,042 2,124 4,4.37 1
17..... 393 G-lb - 1,041
1908. . . . I 2, 2:J-t 7,601 2.623 12, 4.-
HH<<3. 7GY b83 - 1,65J
190
.. .. . . I 2, 100 195 6 2,1)07 HH
.... . 4,333 1,17
- 5,511
1910. . . .. .1 2,:JO:? 271 10 2 , !'
3 H)20. . . . . !).U 711 - 1,2.35
I Total 5:i.;'!!f 19
"'f) 5, "97
U,!n2
I

1 Xinc months.
26. - fo"IJt'luJlhll't.' on Immi
atlon In the "sl'al ) ('aI's 1S6ð-1920.
Year. i
$ Y ('ar.
Year. $
IS68............1 36,050 l;'\"
....... 215,33V 18!'6. . . . . . . 120,1 tltJ 1910.. .. ... 960,676
18bV. . . . . . . . . . . . 26,
'52 1
\\3. . . . . . . 373,9"S 18
7 . . . . . . . 127,438 1911....... 1,079,130
IS70. . . . . . . . . . . . 55,Y6ô l
."-t...... . 51l,:!U
' lð!-"
. _ _ . . . . 2131,195 1912.. .. . . . 1,365,000
1871. . . . . . . . . . . . 54,004 1 '\.
:;. . . . .. . 423,861 1.'\99. . 255,879 1913..... .. 1,427,112
1872.. . . . . . . . . . . 1O!),954 1 ",
6. . 257,355 1900. . 434,563 1914....... 1,893,29S
1873........ . . .1 265,71S 1"57. . . . . . . 341 ,236 1901. . . . . . . 444,730 1915.. . . .. . 1,658,182
1874. . . . . . . . . . . . 291,297 1
,')8. . . . . . . 244,78!J 1902. . . . . . . 494,842 1916.. . . . . . 1,307,480
1875. . . . . . . . , 278,777 lSS9. . . . . . 202,499 1903. .. . . .. 642,914 1917. . . . . . . 1,181,991
IIj76........ . 338,179 1890. . . . . . . 110,092 1904. . . .. . . 744,788 1918. . . . . . . 1,211,954
1877. . . . . . . . . . . . 309,353 IS91. . . . . . . 181,045 1905.. . . . . . 972.3571 1919. .. ... . 1,112,079
1878. . . . . . . . . . _ . 154,351 1892. . . . .. . 177,605 1906. . . . . . . 842,6G8 1920. . . . . . . 1,388,185
1879. . . . . . . . . . . . 186,403 1893. .. . . .. 180,677 1907 1 ....... 611,201 Total..... 28,691,H3
1880. . . , . . . . . . . . 161, 213 1 1894. ... ... 202,235 1908. . . . . . . 1,074,697 1
1881. . . . . . . . . . . .
14,251 I 1895 .. . .. . . 195,653 1909. . . . . . . 979,326 :
1 :!\ine monthd.

126

EDUCATION

'T.-EDUCATION.

GENERAL FEATURES OF CANADIAN EDUCATION SYSTEMS.

Under the British North America Act, 1867, the right to legislate
on matters respecting education was reserved exclusively to the pro-
vincial legislatures, subject to the maintenance of the rights and
privileges of the denominational and separate schools as existing at
the time of union or admission of provinces. In general there are
two fundamental systems of education throughout Canada, one
that of the Protestant communities, free from the control of religious
bodies, and the other that of the Roman Catholic French and Irish
communities in "\vhich education is united with the religious teaching
of the Roman Catholic Church. In Ontario, Roman Catholics,
Protestants and coloured people have each the right to establish
"Separate Schools" for elementary education, the local rates for the
support of these schools being separately levied and applied. In
Quebec, the religious minority in any municipality, whether Roman
Catholic or Protestant (the Jews being "Protestants" for all the
purposes of the School Law), may dissent and maintain its own
elelnentary and n10del schools and academies or high schools, the
taxation of the minority being separate from that of the n1ajority
for the three classes of school, except that in the case of the assess-
ment of corporations, the taxes are levied by the majority and
divided bet,veen the n1ajority and minority in proportion to the
number of children of school age. In Saskatche,van and Alberta a
separa te school ma.y be established by the minority, whether Pro-
testant or Roman Catholic, subject, ho,vever, to identical regulations
as to courses, certificates, inspection, etc. In the remaining pro-
vinces there are special provisions for the education of Roman
Catholics in the larger cities and towns.
In all the provinces the cost of education is defrayed from the
public revenues, provincial and local, and public elementary educa-
tion is free to parents or guardians, except for certain small fees which
are payable in parts of the province of Quebec. "Tith the exception
of Quebec all the provinces have laws of compulsory education, but
under conditions that differ as between one province and another.
As a rule, the provincial laws provide for uniformity in the training
of teachers, the use of text books and the grading of pupils. Second-
ary schools or departments, and colleges or universities for higher
education, exist under government control in all the provinces, and
the three classes of teaching institution are more or less co-ordinated
to allow of natural transition from the lower to the higher. School
terms and holidays are arranged to suit climatic and other local
conditions. Arrangements for the superannuation of teachers are
applied in most of the provinces.
Recent movements in the direction of nature study, manual
instruction, school gardens, agriculture, domestic science and tech-
nical education are all energetically in progress.

IIIG/fER ED["CATIO
V I;.Y C.L' AD.1

127

lI((al}
R f;J)l'C,,\TlOX I
C.\X.\DA.
IIighpr eduf'ation in Canaùa is proyidpd for hy :ì n\.lInhpr of
uniYer
iti(.
and colleges. ()f the UniYefsitip
, Toronto, )IcGill
(
[ontrpal), and the Univerf'ity of \fontrpal, are thp largest. The
oldp
t univcr
ity in Canada, viz., !\:ing's Colle
e, 'Yinùsor, Nova

cotia, dates frolll 17
g, and clainls to be al::,o the oldest university
in His :\Iajesty's Overseab DOBlinion::;. S('ver
\l of the universities
are affiliated to the oldpr univcr
ities of the mother country, viz.,
Oxford, Canlbridge and Dublin, ,vhilst :501110 of the slnaller Canadian
universitips, as ,yell as 11l0st of the col1l'
e
, in Ontario and Quebec
are affiliated to either Toronto or 'lcGil!. In tho \Vest, provincial
univcr
ities have been established for
ranitoba at \Vinnipeg (1877),

askatche\,"
ul at Sa
katoon (1907),
\lberta at 1
dlnonton (190G)
and nriti
h Cohnuhia. at Y'ancouver (1907).

OIne of the universitips and colleges are under the control of
relig,ious dcnoll1Ïuations, as follo\vs:-
...\.nglican or Church of England in Canada:-l
ing's College,
\Yindsor, K.8.; University of I
i:-,hop's f'1011pge, L('nnoxville, Quebec;
Univer
ity of 'rrinity roll{'
(', l'orollto; 'VycIiffe College, 'I'oronto;
and Elllluanuel College, Saskatoon.
ROlnan f'1atholir Church :-ðt. })unstan's College, Cllarlotte-
to,,-n, P.E.I.; University of St. Franci
Xavier's College, ....\.ntip:oni:-\h,
X.
.; univcrsity of St. Jo:-;eph's College, ðt. Jo:-,eph, X.B.; Laval
"Cniver::;ity, Quehec; Univer..-ity of :\Iontreal,
Iontrcal; University
of Otta,va;
t. .:\Iichael's College, Toronto.
Other Denoluinations:-I\:nox College, rroronto (Preshyterian);

rount ....\..llison University, Sackville, N.J
., Yif'toria Univer::5ity,
Toronto, and \Y esl
y College, \\
innipeg C\Iethodist); Acadia Uni-
yersity, \V olfville,
.S., .:\Ir .:\Inster University, Toronto, and Brandon
Colle
e, Brandon, )Ianitoba (Baptist).
EDI:C-'.TIO
ST.\TISTICS o Ii' CA
AD.-\.
There being at prcsent no effective co-ordination of education

tati:o\tics it is difficult to construct cODlparative tables for Canada.
In the first place, the year to ,vhich the statistics relate differs accord-
ing to province. Thus the
chool year ended June 30 is adopted for
f'tati:-,tical purposes by Prince Ed\vard Island, Xe\," Bruns\vick,
Quebec, Ontario Secondary Schools,
Ianitoba und British Colunlbia;
the education year for :Kova ScotÌ3 ends on July 31; and the calendar
year ended Decelnber 31 is selected by Ontario Public and Separate
Schools, Saskatche\van and Alberta.
Statistics of Public Schools.-In the tables numbered 1 to 11
an attempt is, however, made to bring together by provinces (1) the
number of publicly controlled schools, teachers and pupils, \vith the
average attendance of the pupils; (2) the number of teachers and
pupils in normal schools for the training of teachers; (3)
stati'Stics of secondary school
so far as they are separately given; (4)

128

EDUCATIOi.Y

the statistics of vocational schools under public control; (5) the
alnount of receipts and expenditure for public education under the
school la\v of each province and (6) the average annual
alaries of
teachpr
by provinces.
In Tables 1 and 2 the nUlnber of schools, teachers and pupilf; in
all the provinces includes both elenlentary and secondary schools or
grades; in Nova 8cotia, N e\v Bruns,vick and Saskatchewan, the
term "school" has a technical significance, being applied to a class
\vith one teaf'her, irrespective of the number of classes in a school
building. In Quebec the classical colleges are not included in Table 2
but are given later in Table 4. In l\lanitoba the sex of thp pupils
is not separately distinguished. Statistics of secondary education
are separately available for Ontario, British Columbia and Saskat-
che\van. They are given in Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8. Thp acadell1Ïes
of Quebec take up both the elelnentary and secondary grades of
school 'work, and are not all classed in the reports as
econdary
schoob. Statistics of teachers in training in seven of the nine pro-
vinces are given for the years 1901-1919 in Table 3.
Growth of Expenditure on Public Education.-Probably the
1110St remarkable feature of these statistic:;;; is the extraordinary
gro,vth during the pre:-;ent c
ntury of the expenditure upon publi'c
education. In 1901, the first year of the century, the total expendi-
ture for the purposes of public education in Canada "ras $11,751,623;
in 1919 or the latest year reported, as shown by Table 1, it was $72,-
992,667, an increase of $61,241,042, or 521 p.c.
Statistics of Higher Education.-Ill 'Tables 12-20 are pre-
sented statistical particulars relating to the universitie
and college

of Canada, \vhich are sUl1llnarized frolll information furnished by
each of the institutions InentiollP(1. Tables 12 and 17 give the date

of foundation, the affiliation, the faeuIties and degrees; Tables 13,
14 and 18, the lltunber of teaf'hing staff and students, and Table
16
and 19
statistics of property, incoille and expenditure. For 21 of tlH'
22 universities in Table 16 the total value of the endo,vment
and
property in land, buildings, equipment, etc., ê11nounts to $56,830,727.
For these 21 universities the total incoille amounts to :$7,039,089,
of which $1,507,579 are derived from fees and the balance frorn invest-
ments, government grants and other sources. The total expenditure
of the
ame universities amounts to :$6,542,213. The total nUluber
of students attending the 22 universities of Canada in the acadeInic
year 1919-20, as shown by Table 16, was 28,486. ...\.dding to the::,e
the 10,057 students attending the professional colleges in the saIne
year, the grand total of students in attendance at Canadian institu-
tions of higher education ,vas 38,543.

EDUC iT/DAV S1'A TIST/CS OF' C.tlNAJ)
l

129

T 'C 'IC.\L EDUC.\TIO
I
CANAD..'-.
Technical Education in
tatc Schoolb is a cOlnparativf'ly np,v
in
titution. Until recently vocational training ,vas undcrtaken aftcr
the conlpletion or at the expense of academic education.
A\mong the first technical courses to be introduced into
chool

,vere conlluerrial coursf's. Cour
e
de
ignf'd to fit pupils for bu::,iness
careers ,vere introduced into the hhrh school curricula of Ontario
and :\fanitoba in IhDO, of nriti:,h Cohllnhia. in 1005, and
askatrhf'''Tan
and .L\lhf'rta about the :-\
une tilue, ,,'hih" the classical ('ollf'ges of QUl'hpc
have long provided business cour
es and a school for highcr COlll-
mercial studies 'Ya
foundpd at
Iontrcal in 19u7.
"'\briculturc ,,,a
at firðt tauf,!;ht in eoll<'gf'
, whieh providcd
training for tcachcrs ,vho carricù the
uhject into the school
. Apart
fronl ccrtain
chools in Quebec find industrial :5chool
having farms
attached in other provinces, the study of agriculturf' in ph'IlH'utary
and '-'('f'ondary day
('hools ha
hithl'rto bf'cn confincd to school
gardf'n
and lessons on the :5cience of agriculture.
Trainin
in handicrafts \va
introdu("l
d into t hf' school in the
forTn of nutnual trainin
fur hoy:-; and dOlllf':-\tic sciencc for girls. rrhe
fonner ,vas originally intendpd nlcrf'ly as a training in the u:,e of tools,
affordin
an agreeahlc diver
ioll froln the ordinar) sehool ,,"ork and a
UH'ans by ,,-hich the boy could gain
omc iùea of his lllcchanical
capacities. .r\.. fOrIll of manual training \vas introduced into Ontario
schoo!:' in 1883, and in 1891 into Xo" a Heoti
l, ,vhf're it ,vas luade
cOlllpul:-;ory for tpaehers in training in Ib93, and into the \vestern
provinces in th(' early years uf this century. By IDI5, Inanual train-
ing cuurSC8 in Untario had branchcd out into industrial, technical
and art I-'('hool:--, and in that year a lar
c Tcchnical Bchool \vas opened
in Toronto. Evening technical cla!'ses, ,vhich ,vere organized in
ncarly all the province
in thp fir.;;:t yearR of the cpntury, carried out a

chenle of actual vocational cour
PB.
uch courses ,vcre for SOIDe
tirHe givcn by ccrtain day :5chools in (!uebec. 'fhe iùea of part time
day vocational courses i
new to Canada. The .L\.dole:-;cent ,A..ct pasf-:ed
in Ontario in 1919, Inakes part tilHe attenùance compulsory for
:ldolescents from 14 to lö years of age ,vho have not attained matricu-
lation standing or arc not attcnding full tinlP. By 1919, COlnnlf'rcial,
agricultural and d0l11C:-\tic f'cience cour
e
"'cre operating in all pro-
vince.;; and other technical courscs in all but Prince Ed\yard Island.
In 1919, the DonlÌnion Parlialncnt p:l
sed an Act offering assist-
ance to thc provinces in promoting tpchnical education and a I)irector
of 1"eehnical Education ,vas appointed under the :\Iinistcr of Labour.
The provincial governmcnts accepted the offer and a technical
education offi('pr has been appointed in all hut t,vo provinces. rrhe
benefits of the Act arc extendcd to persons over 14 years who are not
provided for by the ordinary day. schools; the agreement also excludes
agricultural studies, the training of nur:;es and teachers for ordinary
school:, and all ,york of university grade. The expenditure in 1919-20
on technical education by local boards ,vas about 81,800,000, by
provincial governments '
78,990 and by the federal governn1ent
8337,498. Df'tails of teaching staff and enrolment of students are
given in Table 9 on page 142.
1842;-9

130

EDUCATION

t.-Statlstical Summary of Education In Canada, by

NUMBER OF PUPILS OR STUDENTS

N.S.

N.Rl

106,982

71,029
54
800
263

No.

Type of Institution

P.F.I.

2,830
255
738
1,348
231 4

812

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Elementary and secondary grades in publicly controlled
Schools.. ....""."......"..." .......""..."......".. .
Technical and vocational publicly controlled Schools-Day
courses 3 . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . " . . " , . . . . . ." . ........."..... ".
Technical and vocational Publicly controlled schools-Even-
ing courses 3 ." . . . . . . ... . '.'
Normal Schools.............
Classical Colleges (Quebec).. . "
Affiliated and professional colleges. . . . . . . .
Universities. .. . .. . ... . . . . . , . . _
Schools for the Blind and Deaf Mutes.. ..
Other publicly controlled in
titutions. .. ..
Private business colleges-Day courses 3.... .
Private bu:-;Ïne8s colleges- Night courses 3. . "
Private elementary and secondary schools 3....... .
All (day) in
titutions... .... .. . . .
All (night) institutions. " . " " . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grand Total-(excluding duplicates).
Total Popu!atioll in 1911. . . . . . ." "....""..
Total Population of Prairie Provinces in t916.... . .

18,187
22
18,209
93,728

967
59
2,242
112,763
2,889
115,652
492,338

494
164

72,652
964
73,616
351,889

17,587

. " I
. .

522

78
22

DISTRIBUTION OF THE PUPILS IN ELEMENTARY A:KD

N.S. N.B.1i
52,491 31,784
54,491 33,136
97,844 62,895
49,467
48,377
9,138 2,025
3,024
6,114
1,213
64,891 32,004
42,091 32,916
46,194
18,722

No.

P.E.1.

18 Number of boys enrolled.... ."_
19 Number of girls enrolled..
20 Total in elementary grades......
21 Boys in elementary grades.. .
22 Girls in elementary grades... . . .
23 Total in secondary grades....
24 Boys in secondary grades. . . . . . . . .
25 Girls in secondary grades. . . . . . . . . . " " . . . . . . . " . . . .
26 Total in secondary grades in secondary schools...
27 Boys in secondary grades in secondary schools.......
28 Girls in secondary grades in secondary schools. . . .. . .
29 Number of pupils in graded schools..... . ........
30 Number of pupils in ungraded schools........ . .
31 Number of pupils in rural schools...." .. . " . . . " . . .
32 N urn ber of pupils in village, town and city schools. .. .

8,882
8,705
16,787

BOO

6,463
11 , 350
11.350
6,463

IF or the whole year. 21918 figures. 3Incomplete. 445ofthesearefrom New Brunswick, 10 Crom P.E.I-
Many of these take the work in Elementary schools and oC these latter the sex is not given. The num.
classical colleges which have 7,711 btudents, a large number of whom are in secondary grades. 8lnclud.
9lnduding technical and vocational schools, 1,061; arts and trades, 1,966. 1 0 ln Quebec most of these
schools, 2,719, schoob of agriculture 497; schools for higher commercial stu dies, 126; dairy school, 325
independpnt schools and include elementary schools, 5,952; model schools, 10,382, and academies,

FDCC.1 'TIO..Y STA. Tl8TICS OP CA." ..tD.t

131

Prcnlll(,(,s. 1119. or latfst )ur rel..Þrtt'd.

ATTESDINlJ EDUC.\TIOSAL I
BTITUTIOy.;8.

Quebec Ontario I \1 ani toba
N;k. AJ berta B.C. Kine Provinces No
u
. 003 8 564.655 123,452 164.219 121.567 72.006 1, 68
1, 590
425 4,505 115 55 1,099 990 7,093
3 .lI
il 37.370 l,b
M 411 1,
57 2.44'" 50,331
1.223 1,329 593 1,00S 4

404 5,613
;. ill - - - - - 7.711
3.027 10 5.291 1.841 60 634 55 9.141
3.M9 9,8t1::! 2,013 1,637 1,106 1,530 2
, 1
7
54Y 40,1 159 - - - 1,344
".095 11 - - - - - 8,095
(2.244)12
,1l7 2,5.i2 627 f';
141 16,098 1
(ï9::!) 12 3,762 1,55') JOO 703 104 7.551 1
43.UlJIi" - - 2.Si3 2,6.32 - 51. 743 I
j09.513 594.194 130.i2!) 170.529 128.404 75.414 I, tH2.093 1

7.455 41. 132 3.44
!'01 2,2tiO 2.;),)2 61,518 I
'-llli,961" 6:;.i. 326 I:U. iii"! I ï I .3:m 130.61i4 77 . 966 1, !-ï3.611 1
2.003.
'I
2. 523. '!7-l -I:i:t.61-t -192. n
37-1.663 392. thO 7 .tit, G;)
I
- - 5;..'I.1'\bO II i . t\:J,; 96,5'-5 - - 1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
S
9
o
1
2
J
4
5
6
7

::'ECO'D.\RT Pl"BLICLY CO
THOLLED ::)c HOOLR
Queb('(7 Ontario I Manitoha 8a.s..... Alberta B.C. Nine Provin('(.q
o.

36.fl33 281,462 83,916 61 , 201} 3,1). 954 79
,628 lR

55.156 283,193 80.303 60,361 36,052 811.404 19
4....1.669 523.236 115,456 155,219 113,635 65.928 1,632,669 20
260.367 33,562 21
262.550 32.638 22
10.420 41. 4 1 !I 7,996 9.000 i,9.J2 6,078 94, 808 23
15,09;)1 2,392' 24
20,643' 3,414' 25
40.477 6.809 4,751 5....06 26
15.095 1,910 2,392 ?-

I
20.643 2.841 3.414 28
80.563 6h,329 61,639 29
42. "
9 53,238 10,367 30
217.129 93,943 53.238 31, 110 31
34 7, 52û 70,276 68.329 40.896 32

and 5 from B.C. iF or the six months ended June 30. IT he true totals for sccondary grades are given
ber given b
' sex u.re attending
econdary
choolg. 7Inclusi\'e of inde;endent schools but exclu
ive of
ing mat('rnalschools, 5,
')8: elcIH('nhry school"!, 263,391; model <.choo18, 93.895, and aeadcmies, 84,919.
aJ'e included in the
tati
tiCd of the universitil'H and cl
sical COlJ("gL
. 11lncluding draft and confection
and "night school
," 4.4
S. 12lncluded in private
chooh., (,'tc. 13ln Quebl"C most of thl'
e are called
27.66:?

1842;-91

132

EDUCA'l'ION

t.-Statlstlcal Summary of Education In Canada, by

ATTENDANCE OF THE PUPILS IN ELEMENTARY AND

No.

P.E.I.

33 Aggregate number of days attended during the year....... .
34 Average number attending each day. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 A verage number of days schools were open during year.. . . .. .
36 Average number of days pupils attended during year..... . . . .
37 A verage number of days lost by pupils during year. . ... .. . . . .
38 Percentage of total attendance in average attendance.......
39 Percentage proportion of secondary to elementary grades. . .. .

1,742,007
10,908
159.70
99.05
100.95
62.10
4.77

N.S.

11,631,150
65,906
176.48
108.72
91.28
61.60
9.34

N.B.

8,697,828 1
45,797 1
189.92 1
122.45 1
77.55 1
64.48 1
3.22'

TEACHERS AND ACCOMMODATION I

No

P.E.I.

40 Teachers in publicly controlled schools......................
41 Male teachers...... . _ . _ .. ............................ _ . . . . .
42 Female teachers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43 Number of school districts having schools in operation.......
44 Number of school districts without schools in operation......
45 N urn ber of school houses...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46 N um ber of class rooms in operation. . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . .
47 Number of graded class rooms 1D operation..................
48 N urn ber of ungraded one room schools.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49 Average number of pupils to a class room...... '" ...........
50 A verage number of pupils to a class room in graded schools. .
51 Average number of pupils to a class room in ungraded schools

594
102
492
466
9
467
601
195
406
29.73
33.41
27.95

N.S. N.B.3
3,012 2,107
163 136
2,849 1,971
1,673 1,299
124
1,772
2,812 1,950
1,433 782
1,379 1,168
38.10 33.28
45.28 40.92
30.45 28.19

EXPENDITURE IN PUBLICLY

No

52 Total expenditure on education........ . . .......... '" ...... . $
53 Total expenditure on education by Government.... . . . . . . . . . S
54 Total expenditure on education by ratepayers, etc...... ... . . . $
55 Expenditure on secondary schoolA. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
56 Expenditure on elementary schools...... ...... . . . _ ...... S
57 Expenditure on teachers' salaries...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
58 Expenditure on teachers' salaries in secondary schools..... . . S
59 Expenditure on teachers' salaries in elementary schools......$
60 A verage annual cost per pupil enrolled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
61 A verage annual cost per pupil enrolled in average attendance S

P.E.I. N.S. N.B.
285,960 2,097,593 1,530,256
187,488 432,496 277,996
98,742 1,665,097 1,252,260

16.26
26.18

19.61
31.83

21.54
33.41

For the whole year. 2 1918 figures. 3For the six months ended June 30.

EDL"C.i\ TIO
V ST..1 TIS TICS OF C.tLV
\D
t 133
Pro,hlC('!J 1919, or latest year report('d.-concluded.
SKCO
DARY PUBLICLY CONTROLLED ScnOOIA.
Quebec. Ontario t Manitoba. Sask. Alberta. B.C. Nine Provinces. No.
18,490,031 13,478,701 8,960,593 - 33
365,803 328.lfl7 S3,5tri 98.791 i4.776 56,692 1,130,434 34
185 157.15 180,26 157,88 - 35
].16.26 94.51 111.00 124.30 - 36
53.74 lo.
.491 89.00 75.70 - 37
75.23 5S.16 67.68 62.16 61.51 78.73 64.73 38
8. 03 1 6.92 5.80 6.99 9.23 5.81 39
PUBLICLY CO"lTROLLJ:D ScHOOLS.
Quebec. Ontario.' Manitoba. Sa.ik. Alberta. n.c. Nine Provinces. No.
16,213 14,267 3,479 &,550 4,907 2,332 53,456 40
2.473 1,603 669 1,269 I,US2 41\6 8,043 41
13,740 12,001 2,810 5,117 3,820 1,846 45.249 42
2,040 3,941 2,796 582 - 43
- 204 250 15 - 44
7,589 6,995 1,838 873 - 45
1:!,b24 14,267 3,479 5.005 4,128 2,261 47,327 41;
1,849 1,552 1,697 - 47
5,000 1 , 6:JO 2,576 564 - 48
35.63 39.58 35.48 30.23 29.45 31.85 35.70 49
43.58 44.04 36.32 - 50
26.31 20'70 18.38 - 51
eo"'TROLLKD SCHOOIA.
Quebec. Ontario.- Manitoba. Bask. Alberta. B.C. Nine Provinces. No.
16,84-1,684 18,5öS,b90 8,b27,oro 11,783,943 8,805,529 4,228,720 72,992,667 52
2,145,976 1,31;),918 691,
"'1 1,339,019 713,O
1,791,154 s,895,1l1 53
14.6U8,708 17,272,972 8.135, 111 10,44-1,924 8,092,446 2,437,566 64,100,556 54
3,412,167 350,6hl - 55
15,176,723 11,433,2;,8 - 56
11, 145,6
O 3,296,035 5,048,460 3,560,318 2,710,554 - 57
2, 118,529 235,460 384,:!65 - 58
9,027,151 48.3,000 2,326.289 - 59
29.38 31.43 54.09 45.38 52.S9 58.73 35.06 60
37.10 52.98 79.90 75.46 85.99 74.59 54.16 61

134

EDUCATION

2.-Number of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces, 1901-1919
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (All publicly controlled schools except Prince of Wales College
for year ended June 30).

Teachers. Pupils Enrolled.
Schools.
Male. Female. Total. Boys. Girls. Total.
474 299 290 589 11,319 9,460 20,77
474 293 295 588 11, 271 9,532 20,80
480 274 298 572 10,845 9,111 19,95
480 268 294 562 10,259 8,772 19,03
475 246 324 570 10,427 8,845 19,27
478 246 327 573 10,196 8,790 18,98
479 227 345 572 10,213 8,823 19,03
476 205 375 580 9,449 8,563 18,01
479 200 395 595 9,578 8,495 18,07
478 188 403 591 9,573 8,359 17,93
478 178 413 591 9,152 8,245 17,39
474 162 428 590 8,995 8,083 17,07
475 161 422 583 9,186 8,369 17,55
474 162 426 588 9,514 8,555 18,06
477 152 434 586 9,714 8,688 18,40
476 138 457 595 9,565 8,797 18,36
473 110 491 601 9,291 8,899 18,19
468 100 497 597 9,101 8,760 17,86
466 102 492 594 8,882 8,705 17,58

Year.

1901. .
1902. .
1903. .
1904. .
1905. .
1906. .
1907 .
1908. .
1909. .
1910. .
1911. .
1912. .
1913. .
1914. .
1915. .
1916. .
1917. .
1918. .
1919. .

Average
Attendance
of Pupils.
Per
No. cent.

9
3
6
1
2
6
6
2
3
2
7
8
5
9
2
2
o
1
7

12,330
12,884
12,112
11, 722
11 , 627
11 , 903
11 , 543
11,647
11 , 543
11 , 632
10,511
10,916
11, 003
11,170
11, 694
11 , 347
11,319
11 , 334
10,908

59.34
61.93 ·
60.69
61.59
60.33
62.69
60.63
64.66
63.86
64.86
60.40
63.91
62.67
61.81
63.54
61.79
62.22
63.50
62.00

controlled schools for the year ended

N ov A SCOTIA (Elementary and secondary publicly
July 31).
49,768
50,247
49,789
48,536
50,465
50, 198
49,849
49,906
50,758
50,918
50,985
51,498
52, 105
52,656
53,649
53,944
53,560
52,731
52,491

1901. .
1902. .
1903. .
1904. .
1905. .
1906. .
1907. .
1908. .
1909. .
1910. .
1911. .
1912. .
1913. .
1914. .
1915. .
1916. .
1917. .
1918. .
1919. .

2,387
2,394
2,395
2,331
2,429
2,446
2,465
2,516
2,577
2,579
2,639
2,662
2,692
2,724
2,795
2,837
2,856
2,859
2,812

540
485
441
388
386
366
354
355
352
339
331
293
278
272
256
246
198
185
163

1,952
2,007
2,053
2,053
2,180
2,212
2,272
2,309
2,342
2,384
2,468
2,511
2,583
2,620
2,689
2,773
2,847
2,852
2,849

2,492
2,492
2,494
2,441
2,566
2,578
2,626
2,664
2,694
2,723
2,799
2,804
2,861
2,892
2,945
3,019
3,045
3,037
3,012

48,642
48,812
48,979
48,350
49,787
50,134
50,158
50,199
50,922
51,117
51,925
52,486
53,164
53,695
54, 119
55,245
55,472
55,361
54,491

98,410
99,059
Q8,768
96,886
100,252
100,332
100,007
100, 105
101,680
102,035
102,910
103,984
105,269
106,351
107, 768
109,189
109,032
108,094
106,802

53,643
55,438
55,213
54,000
56,342
59,165
57,173
58,343
61,787
65,630
61. 250
63,640
65,686
66,599
70,361
69,227
70, 118
67,923
65,906

54.5 .
55.9
55.9
55.8
56.3
58.9
57.1
58.2
60.7
64.3
59.5
61.2
62.4
62.6
65.3
63.4
64.3
62.8
61.6

NEW BRUNSWICK
(Elementary and secondary publicly controlled schools for second term ended June 30)
]901.. 1,741 353 1,488 1,841 30,870 29,550 60,420 37,717 58.34
1902.. 1,736 348 1,477 1,825 30,767 29,710 60,477 38,736 59.62
1903.. 1,726 341 1,474 1,815 30,172 29,141 59,313 37,55258.79
1904.. 1,722 313 1,503 1,816 29,892 28,867 58, 759
6,920 58.50
1905.. 1,750 304 1,562 1,866 30,854 29,546 60,400 35,675 59.60
1906.. 1,762 302 1,577 1,879 30,913 29,768 60,681 37,540 61.86
1907.. 1,766 253 1,621 1,874 30,289 29,262 59,551 35,36759.38
1908.. 1,767 259 1,602 1,861 30,600 29,795 60,395 36,972 61.22
1909..1,854 251 1,691 1,942 31,489 30,448 61,937 38,73162.53
1910..1,860 233 1,741 1,974 31,933 31,061 62,994 39,82263.21
1911..1,885 221 1,754 1,975 31,871 31,202 63,073 39,21562.17
1912.. 1,906 201 1,811 2,012 32,062 31,502 63,564 40,612 6.1.89
1913.. 1,897 193 1,809 2,002 31,924 31,656 63,580 41,276 64.91

EDrCA1'/V.Y ST..IT/STICS OF' C..L\..lD.l

IJ5

2.-.:\ umber of :Schools, 1'ea('hers and PIII}!I..; In
an:ula by Pro\lnt.'('!iI,
1901-1919- -('on.

NEW BnuxsWICK-concluded.

) car.

. \ veragc
Tl'achers. Pupils Enrolled. ..\ttt'ndanco
of Pupils.
Schools.
Per

Il\lc. li'('male Total Boys. Girls. Total. No. Cl' n t.
1, 9::!
201 1,831 2,0:1
3
,
44 32,Oû6 64,310 40.KS2 63.57
I,Uü4 IS4 1 , 922 2, lOt) 33,437 3:
, 068 66, 50.; 44, 6S;
H7. 18
I,U9tj Hltj 1,9t).j 2, WI 3:
, O

) a
, \59 66,:>4S 4a.914 65.98
l,mn 167 1 , 962 2,129 32,02.; 32,7.jl 64,776 42,884 66.

1 ,9'\li 149 1,9i3 2, 122 31 , 8:>
:
2 , !}90 64.S4R 44,970 69.41
1,950 136 1,971 2, lOi 31, ï&t 3:J, 13t1 (H,920 -!6, :
58 71.41

191-t .
191:;. .
1916. .
1917. .
1918. .
1919 .

QUEBEC (El('mf'ntary anti :\Jod('l
l'hools 2LlHl
\cadl'lI1iL's for ,}'car ('ndl'd Junc 30).
Imn. . 5,970 1,268 8,924 10,192 l,!>3, '\01 161 , UbO 314,881 232,2.'),) 73.70
t90:? 6, O:
2 1,236 9,OS:
1O,3H} 156,304 164,9S4 321,2sS 236,924 n.74
190.J. . 6,112 1,827 9,226 10, 55:
15
, !)87 Wi,20t; 321), 18;
24:J,123 74.,33
tn04. . ti .)0).) 1,304 9,433 10,737 IfjO,014 1 (;U, ti.')2 329, ()(;[; 246,3 H.I 7:;.ü:J
,--....
190.) H,2S8 1,336 9,ti07 10, 94:
162,US2 172,786 :J:J5,76S :! 5." 420 71).07
1!IO,i 6, :
H4 1,422 9,779 11,201 16f;, Uß7 174,S41 341 ,80S 2():
, III 7H.97
1907. . ß,417 1 , 527 10, 0;)0 11,577 170,193 177,421 347,614 266, ,
lO 79.54
190\ 6,4:J5 1,579 10,192 11,771 171,.Hl 181,473 352,944 271,019 76.79
IHml. . 6,.

.) 1,600 10 , 526 12,126 179,146 187,86(. 367,012 2S:>, 729 77.85
1910. . 6,617 1,704 10,677 12,381 182,431 192,116 374,547 2!)3, O:
:; 78.2:;
1911 ti,;99 1,786 11.104 12,MW 189, Hfi 200,007 389,12:J aOl, (.78 77.52
l!H2. . 6,720 I,S77 11 , 332 13,209 193,2fi3 20ti,773 400, mH a 14, .,20 78.62
Iü13. . 6,798 1,H52 11,649 13,öOl 19S,492 213.292 411, 784

24, 447 79.77
1 !) 14 6,9tH 2,052 12,
!):! 14,344 21O,9:W 224, !)58 435,89.3 344,547 79.44
Hit.; 7,040 2,184 12,61:! 14,7mi 217,GHO nO,427 448,OQ7 360,
97 80.54
1!Hö 7,09,'} 2,26;
12,813 15,07H 22.3,42,j 239,032 464,447 37:J,:m4 80.39
1!1l7. . 7,19.> 2,265 13,373 15,6:JS 223,36
240,028 46:
,390 367,4()S 79.29
Hlth 7, 2,'}.1 2,:m4 13,800 16,194 224,248 24:J, :?ft0 4fi7, .50S a(;!),0;}7 78.94
191H 7,366 2,473 13,740 16,213 233,834 252,3t.ì7 486, 201 365,803 75.2:J
U:\'TARIO (Elem('ntary and Secondary puhlicly ('ontrollt'd schools for calendar years up to
1916 since which date the Secondary School year has ended on June 30).
HJOI 6,1ß6 2,H66 7, 134 9,
UcJ 247,3:>1 233,778 4
2,5a4
7.5, 234 55.81
1002 6,196 2,717 7,430 10, 207 244,509 234,151 490,860 275,910 56.21
1 !}():
6,2b1 2,648 7,H77 10,32:> 242,618 233,3
2 487,8RO 275,385 56.44
1
04 6,315 2,584 7,886 10,470 240,674 232,016 484,351 273,815 56.53
It105. . 6,361 2,461 8,137 10, 59S 242,OGI 233,094 487,635 281,674 57.5G
H.lOü 6,3
2 2,376 8, 368 10,744 243,572 234,812 492,544 285,330 57.81
l:J07 . . 6.411 2,304 8,616 10,920 243, .
93 234,956 493,791 284,998 57.69
H.lO'\. . 6,479 2,379 8,7b9 11, 16
248,m2 237, 101 501,641 292,052 58.22
190!} 6,525 2,279 9, 127 11 , 406 250, 6.
2 2:18,751 507,219 29.5,352 58.43
1910 6,553 2,233 9,472 11 , 70:; 2.jO, 327 241,430 510,700 299,747 .58.69
1911. . 6,693 2,145 9,871 12,016 2.53,220 244,708 518,60,) 305,648 58.94
HH2.. 6,738 2,144 10,127 12,271 2.56,532 24
, 857 526, 9.
1 315,255 59.82
191:
. . 6,770 2,244 10,505 12,749 263,1.54 256,379 54:!, 822 330,474 60.88
1914.. 6,841 2,288 10,914 13,202 271,677 264,696 561 , 927 346,509 61.66
1915. . 6,892 2,322 11 , 182 13,504 278,508 271,792 569,030 365,959 64.31
1916. . 6,923 2,007 11, 730 13,737 273,676 209,214 560,340 355,364 65.44
1917. . 6,950 1,913 12,141 14,054 280,597 281,268 561,865 369,081 65.69
1918. . 6,995 1,663 12,604 14,
67 281,4tì2 283,193 564, 6,55 328,197 58.16
The dbcrepancy betwecn the total of pupils enrolled in Ontario from 1901 to 1916 and
the number by scx for the same ypars is due to the in{'lu:-.;ion of kindergarten pupils in the
total. The number by sex of these kindergartt'n pupils is net availahlt:'.

136

EDUCATION

2.-X"umber of Schools, Teachers and Pupils in Canada by Provinces,
1901-1919-con.
MANITOBA (Elementary and Secondary publicly controlled schools for year ended June 30).

Year.

Teachers. Pu
Schools.
:Male. Female. Total. Boys.
1,416 618 1,051 1,669 -
1, 488 629 1,220 1,849 -
1,584 628 1,466 2,094 -
1,669 682 1,536 2,218 -
1,761 597 1,675 2,272 -
1,847 596 1,769 2,365 -
1,943 595 1,885 2,480 -
2,014 598 1,928 2,526 -
2,105 637 2,025 2,662 -
2,227 621 2,153 2,774 -
2,341 651 2,217 2,868 -
2,430 500 2,464 2,964 -
2,688 474 2,390 2,864 -
2,727 598 2,378 2,976 -
2,888 491 2,500 2,991 -
3,043 530 2,494 3,024 -
3,089 524 2,573 3,097 -
3.256 - - - -

Average
pils Enrolled. Attendance
of Pupil
.
Per
Girls. Total. No. cen t.
51,888 27,550 52.9
54,056 28,306 52.4
57,409 36,479 63.5
58,574 31, 326 53.4
63,287 33,794 53.4
64,123 34,947 54.5
67,144 37,279 55.5
71,031 40,691 57.3
73,044 41,405 56.7
76,247 43,885 57.5
80,848 45,303 56.3
83,679 48,163 57.6
93,954 58,778 62.6
100,963 68,250 67.5
103,796 66,561 64.1
106, 588 69,209 64.9
109, 925 69,968 63.65
114,662 72,072 62.86

1901. .
1902. .
1903. .
1904. .
1905. .
1906. .
1907. .
1908. .
1909. .
1910. .
1911. .
1913. .
1914. .
1915. .
1916. .
1917. .
1918. .
1919. .

NOTE.-The Manitoba school year from 1901 to 1911 ended December 31st. Owing to
a change in the date of the school year no report was issued for 1912.

SASKATCHEWAN (Elementary and secondary publicly controlled schools for year ended
December 31).
1906. . 873 563 733 1,296 16,376 14,899 31,275 15,770 50.31
1907. . 1,101 1,470 19,454 18,168 37.622 19,841 52.48
1908. . 1,418 2, 180 24,773 22,313 47,086 26,081 55.00
1909. . 1,705 959 1,335 2,335 28,930 26,186 55,116 28,998 52.25
1910. . 1,925 1,074 1,598 2,726 34,084 31,308 65,392 34,517 52.80
1911. . 2,123 1,316 2,175 3,547 37,692 34,568 72,260 38,278 53.00
1912. . 2,459 1,245 2,122 3,434 42,380 39,516 81,896 49,329 60.31
1913. . 2,763 1,413 2,739 4,236 52,679 48,784 101,463 56,005 55.10
1914. . 3,073 1,552 2,949 4,600 59,340 54,645 113,985 65,009 57.02
1915. . 3,388 1,609 3,340 5,078 63, 71 0 59,152 122,862 72,113 58.70
1916. . 3,629 1,490 4,187 5,787 66,497 62,942 129,439 71 , 522 55.30
1917. . 3,816 1,304 4,430 5,853 72,691 69,926 142,617 88,758 62.24
1918. . 3,963 1,015 5,047 6,233 76,896 74,430 151,326 91,010 60.14
1919. . 4,183 1,269 5,117 6,550 83,916 80,303 164,219 98,791 62. If)
ALBERTA (Elementary and Secondary publicly controlled schools for year ended December
31).
1906. . 570 280 644 924 14,701 14,083 28,784 14,782 51.00
1907. . 694 318 892 1,210 17,707 16,631 34,388 17,310 54.00
1908. . 851 435 1,033 1,468 19,516 20,137 39,653 18,923 48.00
1909. . 970 570 1,245 1,815 23, 701 22,347 46,048 22,225 48.24
1910. . 1,195 716 1,501 2,217 28,406 26,901 55,307 29,611 53.54
1911. . 1,392 867 1,784 2,651 31,753 29,907 61,660 32,556 52.08
1912. . 1,600 956 2,098 3,054 36,717 34,327 71,044 39,226 55.21
1913. . 1,705 980 2,314 3,294 41,449 38,460 79,909 45,888 57.41
1914. . 2,027 1,375 2,603 3,978 46,769 43,141 89,910 54,582 60.71
1915. . 2,138 1,418 2,800 4,218 50, 140 47,146 97,286 61,112 62.81
1916. . 2,170 1,355 3,252 4,607 50,375 48,826 99,201 60,271 60.75
1917. . 2,321 1,267 3,866 5,133 54,446 53,281 107, 727 65,374 60.68
1918. . 2,766 1,090 4,565 5,655 56,011 55,098 111,109 68,489 61.64
1919. . 2,796 1, 082 3.820 4,902 61,206 60,361 121,567 74,776 61.51

ED
.CA 7 1 10.\ 87 1 ..1 TIS7'ICS OF C lN
l])..1.

137

2 -
l1mber of Schools, Tearbers and PUI)iI..; In Can:ula, I)) Prmhl(,(,!O\,
1901-I!H9 -concludeò.
BRITISH COLCMBIA (Eh'mentary a.nd S('eondary publicly controll('d schools for year ended
Junp 30).

A v('m
('
Teachers. Pupils ('nrolled. A tt('ndance
of Pupils.
Se hools.
Per
'[ale. F('male. Total. Boys. G iris. Total. No. cent.
318 1
:; 343 543 12,069 11 , 546 23,615 15,335 64.94
3:
7 194 355 570 12,254 11 , 6-17 2:
, 901 15,
OS ti6.13
346 HW 391 607 12,559 11, 940 24,499 16,627 67.87
349 182 413 624 13,330 12,457 25,7S7 17,071 ûG. 16
360 177 452 663 14,104 13,250 '27,354 18,871 68.94
374 176 477 690 U,524 13,H98 2
,522 19,809 68.39
3
1 163 530 735 15,347 14,692 30,039 20,459 66.63
413 UU 576 806 17 , 162 16,152 33,314 23,473 69.62
447 213 628 gOO 18,6.)9 17,56':\ 36,227 25,6û2 69.97
4!J7 2

749 1,037 20,351 19,:U9 39,670 28,423 70.54
533 323 8.")6 1,179 23, 162 21,783 44,94.1 32,517 71.27
574 3.31 1,002 1 , 3:>3 25,734 24,234 49,9GH 37, :J84 74.88
6-14 40G 1,191 1,5H7 29,5.14 27,R40 57,384 43,072 75.12
716 4\,) 1, ,
14 1,859 31. R!JO 30,067 61,957 49,090 79.30
767 521 1,44;) 1,966 33,059 31,205 64,264 52,494 81.73

no 52:3 1,541 2,064 32,874 31,696 64,570 50,880 78.78
84S 46S 1 , ü!)6 2,124 32, -ISO 32,638 65,118 52,577 80.74
85:> 436 I,S1O 2,246 33,540 33,976 67,516 54,748 81.08
873 486 l,b46 2,332 35,94 36,052 72 006 56 6!J2 78.73

Y ('.ir.

1001. .
I!W2. .
190:J. .
1904. .
190,
. .
1906. .
1907..
HIO,
. .
1909. .
uno..
1911. .
1912. .
1913. .
1914. .
1915. .
1916. .
1917. .
HHS..
1919. .

N(JI'E.-The totals for teachers in Hriti
h Columbia from 1901 to 19W are gTI'ater than
the sum of th(' male and the female teachers because no information as to the sex of high
school tt'ach('rs i., availahlt'. This di:-ercpancy also app('ars in the Summary for Canada.

1901. .
1902. .
1903. .
1904. .
1905. .
1906. .
1907. .
1903. .
1909. .
1910. .
1911. .
1912. .
1913. .
1914. .
1915. .
191ß. .
1917. .
1915. .

18,472
18,657
lR,924
19,0

19,424
21,09t.
21,657
22,371
23, 187
2
, 931
24,1\83
23,133
26,174
27,4
6
28, IRS
2
,S24
29,483
30,23ß

SCMMARY I'OR CANADA (1901-1918).

5,9f9 ( 1,18..,
5,962 11,867
5,848 12,585
5, 7fl t
, 118
5,507 f3,937
6,327 5,886
5,741 6,
11
5,991 6,804
7,06129,514
7,596 50,678
7,818 35,61t2
7,229 51,451
8,117 55,676
8,861 57,
99
9,f44 38,80f
8, 709 41 , 218
8, f f J,3, t60
7,556 lt5,721

27,126
27,8t>U
28,üt>0
28,908
29,4S3
32,263
33,457
35,027
36,480
38,104
40,502
38,71f
43,872
46,318
4S. 1;')t)
.50,307
51,601
53,438

505,178
605,
5",
504,970
502,705
610,898
647,447
556,61t5
670,858
592,91

608,023
6'6,951
647,181
678,636
715,0 7
739,877
745,445
758,452
765,847

494,056 1, Olì2, 527
498,836 1,070,444
4,Q9,759 1,074,008
6()(), 114 1 , 073, 054
607,308 1,093, 9lì8
641,525 1, 1m, 0.')5
649,111 1, IS9, 142
665,693 1,224,090
682,585 1,266,356
601,611 1,304,824
622,345 1,350,821
645,778 1,314,521
677,944 1,463,44.5
711,823 1,546,33

755,617 1,595,167
749,211 1,615,892
774,263 1,639,303
787,068 1,662.842

6.')4,Oh4
6G4,006
676,491
ü71, 173
693,403
742,357
7,50,480
779,201
811,432
846,302
866,956
870,882
966,014
1,037,166
1,107,563
1,102,4.50
1,13.5,788
1,105,696

61.56
62.03
63.92
ß2.55
63.88
63.61
ü3 . 11
63 . 66
64.08
64.81
64.18
66.25
fj6,01
67.07
ü9.4:3
68.23
69.28
66.49

KOTE.-From 1901 to 190.5, inclusive, the Summary for Canada comprised the seven
provinccs of Prince Edward Island, Noya Scotia, Xew Bruns\\ick, QUf'bec, Ontario, Mani-
toba and British Columbia. The two provinCC!i of Baskatchewan and Alberta were formed
in 1905, and from 1906 all the nine provincps are included, with thp exception of Manitoba. for
1912, when no Education Report was issued by that province. The sex of the teachers in
the Secondary schools of Saskatchewan is not givf'n, and in
Ianitoba the sex of the pupils
was not given for any of the }ears, while Ontario did not give the sex of its kindergarten
pupils unti11917. In the Summary, therefore, these defects are indicated by printing certain
items in italics. A general summary for 1919 for all elementary and secondary schoolf
under public control is given in Table 1, pages 13
133.

138

EDUCATION

3.-Teachers in Training in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and
Manitoba, 1901-1919, Saskatchewan and Alberta, 1906-1919.
N OVA SCOTIA.
N umbcT of Teachers in Training in the PrOi:incial ]It ormal College.

1. ear. Enrol- Year. Enrol- Year. Enrol- Year. Enrol-
ment. ment. ment. mente
1901.. . . . . 240 1906...... . 154 1911. . . . . . . 268 1916....... 388
1902..... . 182 1907...... . 142 1912.... ... 293 1917...... . 263
1903..... . 145 1908 161 1913.... ... 302 1918....... 260
1904..... . 191 1909...... . 215 1914. . :. . . . 318 1919. . .. . . . 25.5
1905... .. . 148 1910...... . 260 1915...... . 355
NEW BRUNSWICK.
Number of Instructors and Teachers in training in the Normal School.

TEACHERS IN TRAINING TEACHERS IN TRAINING
IN NORMAL SCHOOL. IN NORMAL SCHOOL.
ear. Instruct- Year. Instruct-
ors. Male. Female. Total. ors. Male. Female. Total.
901. . 11 41 155 196 1911. . .. . 16 46 324 370
902. . 14 68 201 269 1912.... . 16 46 330 376
903. . 16 35 189 224 1913..... 18 53 305 358
904. . 19 35 253 288 1914.... . 16 45 312 357
905. . - 54 231 285 1915 .... 16 52 299 351
906. . 16 44 263 307 1916.... . 19 45 327 372
907. . 18 45 315 360 1917.... . 18 41 331 372
908. . 18 35 299 334 1918.... . 20 29 258 287
909. . 18 53 290 343 1919.... . 19 13 250 263
910. . 15 63 295 358

Y

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

QUEBEC.
Number of Teachers and Pupils in Normal Schools.
NORMAL SCHOOLS 1901-1919.

INSTRUCTORS. TEACHERS IN TRAINING.

ear. Schools.
Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 31 27 58 97 256 353
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 31 30 61 130 290 420
............. .. 5 31 30 61 138 322 460
............. .. 5 30 31 61 151 241 392
.............. .. 5 32 30 62 142 274 416
............. .. 5 35 27 62 143 280 423
.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 6 34 38 72 159 308 467
........ ....... 7 39 27 66 165 361 526
............ .... 10 58 59 117 182 533 715
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 53 75 128 177 610 787
.............. .. 11 50 79 129 174 666 840
.............. .. 11 43 77 120 160 676 836-
.............. .. 13 50 86 136 175 913 1,088
............ .... 14 48 98 146 189 1,081 1,270
.............. .. 14 54 131 185 191 1,121 1,312
........ ...... 14 52 144 196 191 1,166 1,357
...... .. .. . 14 52 144 196 180 1,181 1,361
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14 52 153 205 180 1,159 1,339
........ .. 14 57 148 205 159 1,064 1,223

ì

Average Per
attend- cent.
ance.

1,357 100.00
1,361 100.00
1,339 100.00
1,135 92.80
NarE.-In Prince Edward Island, teachers are trained in Prince of Wales College; the
number of the students of this college training for teachers' diplomas in 1919-20 was 68
men and 152 women, or a total of 220. In British Columbia, teachers are trained at the
Normal Schools in Vancouver and Victoria. In 1919-20 there were enrolled in th('se
schools 404 students, of whom 35 were men and 369 women.

1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919

345
415
455
388
410
420
462
524
710
780
835

97.73
98.81
98.91
98.98
98.56
99.29
98.93
99.62
99.30
99.11
99.40

ElJUCATIO.Y ST,.\ TIS'lïCS OF CA..\
..lD
l

139

3.-Tt'i\clu'r
In 'I'ralnlng In
O\a S('otia.
e" Uruns\\ å(."". 'IUt'bt'(', Ontario au(1

lal1ltoba. 1901-1919, SaskatdlC\\an and Ubertd, 1906-1919.
continu('d.

O
"'TAUIO.
Tearh'T8 traÏ1&cd from 1901 to 1919 inclusi'Ðl

\ car.

Provincial
:Model Schools. N orIllal Schools.
ormnl Col1('g('s, Total.
etc. Grand
Total.

lale. Fe- Total. )Iale. Fe'- Total.
Iale. Fe- Total. 'Iale. Fe-
nml('. male. male. malc.
- - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - 613
333 R38 1,171 123 496 619 57 75 132 513 1,409 1,922
305 843 1,14
54 532 5\6

7 90 127 396 1,465 1,861
295 8<)- 1,122 22 282 304 45 121 1\36 362 1,230 1,592
_I
30S 901 l,20fl IH 288 306 45 125 170 371 1,314 1 ,(
'\.3
3
fI 1,361 1,750 21 324 345 52 139 un 4tj2 1,824 2,2
6
365 flfIS 1,360 1 2:1 405 428 1 - - - 31;8 1,400 1,7ÖS
37 :?24 :?61 128 1,021 1,149 - - - lü5 1,245 1,410
4.8 ,).)- C)-. 121 1,114 1,235 - - - 169 1,311 1,510
__I _.õ)
31 177 20
121 1,1-15 1,266 - - - 1.C) 1,322 1,474
eJ_

1 3G8 44!} 11-1: 950 1,064 - - - 195 1,318 1,513
94 3.36 450 114 8-? H
6 - - - 208 1,228 1 ,4:
t)
I...
77 :.!
.:> 362 12-1: 1,077 1,201 - - - 201 1,362 1,563
61 204 2(,.) 126 1,034 1 , 160 - - - 187 1,238 1,425
43 167 210" 211 1,398 1,609 - - - 254 1,565 1,819
14 131 14':> 137 1,156 1,293 - - - 151 1,287 1,43R
5 157 16:! 59 1,455 1,514 - - - (H 1,612 1,676
-
6 86 44 1,056 1,100 1W 304 473 213 1,446 1,659
4 77 81 203 1,04.3 1,248 2f17 262 j.3
. 504 1,384 1,888

H}O 1... . .
190:L. .
190:3... . .
1904.. . .
190.3... . .
190d... .
1907-8.. .
1908-9.. .
1 !JOH-l 0..
191{}-11..
IBI1-12..
1912-13..
HH3-14..
1914-15..
1915-1b..
HH6-1ï..
1917-18..
If11S-19. .
1919-20.

IPrevious to I!JOS thf'l"f' "ere .).) County 'lode!
chools in Ontario in addition to three
:!\ormal Schools and the Xormal C'olh.'gc. Th(' function of th('se :Modcl Schools was the
trainin
of third cla...s t('aeh('rs, "hill' that of the Xormal S('hooh, was g('n('rally the train-
ing of second cln:5s and kind('rgart('n t('achcrs, and that of the Colleg;(', the trainin
of first
class and secondary t('achers. In If10S, mo
t of the County ::\Iodcl
ehool.. wcre abolished
and the duty of training teachers for all the Public and
t'paratf'
chools l''\cept those in
the dbtricts and poorer sections of the pro' ince "as placed upon the Xormal Schools, which
'\ere incr('ased in number from 3 to 7.
The Dcpartmcnt of Education ceas('d to rf'port th(' attendanc(' at the 1\'ormal Coll('l?;e
after 1906. This college has been since knO\\ n by , arious nanlf's. It s \\ ork is now done by
the Faculty of Education of the Univer.
iti('s of Toronto and QUf'en's andthc figures for the

ormal College given in the above table for 1918-1f1 Rnd 1f11Y-20 represent the enrolment
in the :Faculty of Education of these Universities. In 1920 their functiOI s were trarsferred
to the Ontario College of Education.
'Autumn
Iodcl Schools.

h:r-.TroBA.
J.Vumber of Teachers and Students in Xormal Schools.

1. ear.

IXSTRUCTORb. STLDE
"S AT I:XSTRUCTOR8. STUDENTS AT
!>ro- 2nù 3rd Pro- 2nd I 3rd
I vin- Local cla!'
cla
s Year. vin- Local class class
cial
ormal ses- ses- cial Normal ses- ses-
: X onnal sions. sions. Normal sions. sions.
7 13 90 161 1911..... 6 11 126 502
7 14 86 234 1912..... School year changed
7 14 82 237 191:i..... 6 11 139 390
7 14 129 261 1914.. . . . 6 10 180 401
8 18 171 320 1915. . . . . 6 14 206 406
6 14 148 328 1916. . .. . 14 12 331 400
5 11 128 272 1917.... . 13 11 309 290
5 10 131 279 1918. 10 7 288 225
5 10 136 312 1919.... . 10 5 251 303
5 10 l'N 381

1901. . . .
1902. .. . . .
1903... .
1904. . . . . .
1905
1906.. ...
1907. . . . . .
1908..... .
1909. . . .. .
1910..... .

140

EDUCATION

3.-Teachers In Training in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario and
Manitoba, 1901-1919, Saskatchewan and Alberta, 1906-1919-concluded.

SASKATCHEWAN.

Teacher8 trainedfrom 1906 to 1919 inclusive.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

First Class. Second Class. Third Class. Total.
Year. Grand
Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Total.
906. . . . . . . . 17 15 46 98 2 10 65 123 188
907.. . . .. . . 6 14 33 72 - 7 39 93 132
908. . . . . . . . 13 13 35 45 20 103 68 161 229
909. . . . . . . . 5 3 12 41 115 235 132 279 411
910........ 4 11 32 78 94 228 130 317 447
911. .. . . . . . - - 28 104 18 91 46 195 241
912....... . 14 51 29 90 92 304 135 445 580
913. . . .. . . . 32 57 20 118 83 333 135 508 643
914. . . . . .. . 46 72 22 97 196 453 264 622 886
915. .. . . . . . 68 93 43 180 248 590 359 863 1,222
916. . .. . .. . 40 76 48 242 149 356 237 674 911
917.. . .. . . . 26 66 38 287 89 575 153 928 1,081
918........ 15 91 35 382 14 83 64 556 620
919........ 131 477 450 - - 1,058
Total.... . -I - -I - -I - - - 8,649

ALBERTA.

Teacher8 trained at Calgary and Camrose Normal Schools from 1906 to 1919 inclusitie.

First Class. Second Class. Total. Grand Special
Year. Total. Classes I
Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female.
1906.... . - - 25 - - 77 27 75 102 -
1907.... . - - 29 - - 68 23 74 97 -
1908.. . . . - - - - - - 44 96 140 -
1909.... . 19 36 55 33 94 127 52 130 182 -
1910.. .. . 24 31 55 47 116 163 71 147 218 -
1911.... . 34 47 81 42 125 lü7 76 172 248 -
1912... . . 32 50 82 46 150 196 78 200 278 -
1913.... . 33 78 111 29 152 181 62 230 292 -
1914.... . 45 69 114 43 200 243 88 269 357 7
1915.... . 95 83 178 113 287 400 208 370 578 23
1916.... . 58 88 146 66 203 269 124 291 415 23
1917.. _ . 31 54 85 32 217 249 63 271 334 24
1918.... . 30 121 151 30 286 316 60 407 467 21
1919.... . 44 132 176 74 348 422 118 480 598 345
Totals 2

5 789 1,288 555 2,178 2,878 1, 094 3,212 4,306 443

IThese classes are designed principally for thp purpose of. giving teachers from the
United Kingdom and United States a short period of training in the special requirements of
the Alberta Department of Education. In 1918 a class was added for the purpose of enabling
second class teachers to train for a higher professional certificate. The large enrolment in
1919 contained a number of students who desire special qualifications for teaching foreigners.
2The italics indicate partial totals.

EDUCA TION t3T iTISTICS OF CAN IDA

141

-:I. - "umlwr of Tt'"dlt'rs and ))upll
In Itoman Catholic (;l
slcal Colle
es In Quebec
1901-1919.

N umber of Average Number of Average
Y('ar. Attend- '\. ear. attend-
Col- Profe5- Pupils ance. Col- Profes- Pupils ancc.
l('ges. sor
. enrolled. leges. BOrs. enrolled.
1901. . . . 19 549 5,915 5,468 1911. .. 19 642 7,140 6,fi21
1902... . 19 562 6,096 5,üU8 1912.. . 21 662 7,818 7,280
1903. . . . 19 559 6,174 5,694 1913.. . 21 687 8,189 7, 677
1904. . . . 19 590 6,265 5,758 1914.. . 21 726 R,444 7,841
190.'). .. . 19 621 6,269 5,77'J. 1915.. . 21 754 R,2.')1 7,ü64
1906. . . . 19 621 6,318 5,895 1916. , . 21 704 7,696 6,602
1907. . . . 19 624 6,268 5,7U6 1917 . . . 21 747 8,128 6,790
1908. . , . 19 624 6,274 5,709 1918.. . 21 747 7,622 6,956
1 90
). . . . 18 609 6,397 5,S72 1919.. . 21 744 7,711 6,338
C) 1:( r:

1910.... 19 64.. 6.<>,)9 6.0<>3
XOTF.-Thc Roman Catholic Classicnl Colleges are not included in Tahle 2 \,ith the
otlu'r puhlir institutionl::! for the re.a'IDn that they arc sp('cialinstitutions doing university,
:,ccondary and even clelll('ntary "ork. The follo\\ ing stati
ti('s of fo;econdary f';C hool
in
Ontario, Sabkatchewan and British Columhia have been included in Table 2 and are
r('pr:Lted here mainly to show the differentiation bet" een the sexes in the higher grades.

5.-'
Hlml)t'r of Teachers and Pupils In {'oll('dat(' Institutt's an (I IIi h
chooJs
In Ontario. 1901-1919.

}>upiI8 Enrollrd. A vemgo
\. car.
chools. Teacherd. attend- Per
Boys. Girls. Total. uncc. cent.
1901.. ... . . . . . . . 1:31 579 10,"69 11,654 22,523 13,224 58.71
1H02.... ..... 134 593 11 , ß29 12,S43 24,472 14,430 58 . !}7
1903. . . . . . . 135 619 11, 988 13,734 2.'),722 15,317 59.55
1904.. . .. . .. . 13
(.i61 12,718 14,
191 27,709 16,730 60.3R
1905 . . . . . . . . . . . 140 t1
U 13,03.') 15,ß26 28,661 17,567 61.29
1906. . . . . . . . . . . 142 719 13,336 lfi., O.j6 29,392 18,078 ß1.S0
1907... ..... . . . 143 750 13,799 16,532 30,331 18,48;) ßO.94
1 HO
. .. .. . 145 795 14,7:n 17,IS1 31,912 19,862 ü2.23
1HOfI... ... ... 145 820 15,776 17,325 33,101 20,791 ü2.R1
1910.......... . 145 853 15,196 17,416 32,612 20,389 62.52
Ifill... ...... . . . 14R 898 14,679 17,548 32,227 20, 177 62.60
1912............, . 148 917 14,846 17,4
7 32,273 20,268 ü2.80
1913... .. . .. , . , . . . 161 970 15,489 18,257 33,746 21,448 63.55
1914......... .. 160 1,023 17,001 19,465 36,4ü6 23,360 G4.06
19t.=J ............. 160 1,020 17,705 20,721 38,426 24,82.3 64.60
19W-17.......... . 161 1,038 12,339 16,494 28,833 22,781 79.01
1917-18......... . . 162 1.051 12,353 16,744 29,097 22,740 78.15
191R -19. . . . . . . . . . . 164 1. 088 13.228 17 . 504 30,732 24,500 79.72

6.-Xumber of Teachers and Pupil
in Continuation Schools In Ontario, 1911-1919.

Pupils Enrolled. Average
Y ('ar. Schools. Teachers. attend-
Boys. Girls. Total. anre.
1911........ ...... 129 218 2,394 3,359 5,753 3,487
1912. . , . . . . . . . . . . . 138 226 2,499 3,595 6,094 3,777
1913......... . . . .. 125 218 2,229 3,315 5.544 3,386
1914..,... .. , . 131 237 2,474 3,595 6,069 3,812
1915.... .... . . 132 238 2,803 3,997 6,800 4,274
191ß-17....... 132 234 1,979 3,103 5,082 3,72H
1917-18 . . . .. .. .. . . 137 241 1,989 3,115 5,104 3,734
1918-19... . ... . 136 234 1 867 3,139 5,006 3, 773

Per
cent.

60.61
61.97
61.07
62.81
62.85
73.37
73.15
75.36
XOTE.-Previou::-ly to 1911 the statistics of these schools are included with the Ekmentary
Se hoob.

142

EDUCATIO^?

7.-Number of Teachers and Pupils in Col1egiatl' Institutes and High Schools in
Saskatchewan. 1908-1919.

Pupils.

Year. Schools. Teachers.
Boys. Girls.
1908.. . 8 23 335 399
1909.. . 13 41 504 643
1910... 13 54 623 805
1911.. . 13 56 766 927
1912... 15 67 885 1,129
1913... 16 84 1,028 1,326
1914.. . 18 99 1,304 1,622
1915.. . 21 129 1,5-15 2,038
1916.. . 21 138 1,566 2,283
1917.. . 22 119 1,445 2,441
1918... 22 161 1,533 2,561
1919.. . 24 164 1,910 2,841

1st and 3rd 4th Total.
2nd years. year. year.
487 183 64 734
694 338 115 1,147
884 355 189 1,428
1,003 486 204 1,693
1,237 550 227 2,014
1,446 658 250 2,354
1,814 763 349 2,926
2,429 863 291 3,583
2,398 1,090 361 3,849
2,507 974 405 3,886
2,533 1,065 4
6 4,094
3,005 1,207 539 4,751

8.-Number of Teachers and Pupils in High Schools in British
'olumbia, 1901-1919.

19
19
1

19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19

Pupils Enrolled. .Average
ìear. Schools. Teach- attend- Per
ers. Boys. Girls. Total. ance. cent.
01....... . . . .................. .. 5 15 215 3&9 584 373 63.87
02.., ............. ...... .. . . 7 21 313 471 784 454 71.94
03........ . . . . 8 27 316 540 856 627 73.25
04........ . . . . 10 29 381 600 981 685 69.83
05... .. . . 12 34 433 657 1,090 834 76.51
06......... . . . 13 37 473 763 1,236 923 74.68
07............. . ............ .. 15 42 432 823 1,355 97& 72.03
08...... .. ...... .. ... .... 16 49 613 857 1,470 1,124 76.46
09 . . . . .. . . . . ................... .... 18 59 812 997 1,809 1,441 79.66
10......... . ...... .. ... ... .... 21 66 919 1,122 2,041 1,549 75.89
11. . . . . . . . . . ........ ........ 23 71 940 1,048 1,988 1,533 77.11
12........... . ... ................ 24 77 973 1,178 2,151 1,645 76.48
13....... . . . .............. .. 30 96 1,232 1,448 2,680 2,109 78.69
14........ . . . . .... ............ 34 110 1,414 1,593 3,007 2,535 84.30
15............. ... .......... .. 37 132 1,844 2,068 3,912 3,332 85.17
16......... . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 162 2,260 2,510 4,770 3,816 80.00
17........ . . . . .............. .. 41 169 2,074 2,767 4,841 3,999 82.61
18........... . . . .......... .. 43 184 2,151 2,999 5,150 4,201 81.57
HL....... . . ... ... .. .............. 45 197 Z,392 3,414 5,806 4,670 80.44

9.-Yocational Schools, Teacherð and Pupils in Canada, Year en(Ie(I June 30,1920.

Number of Schor)Is

Number of Teaf'hf'rs.

Pupils EnroUed.

Province.

Dav Corres- Corres-
Day. Evening and Total. Day. Eyening pond'ce Tot.!l. Day. Eyening pond'ce Total.
evening. Df'pt. Dept.

P K Island
Nova fkotia. .
New Brun
'
wick........
Quebec. .
Ontario'... .
Manitoha... . .
Sa:--katchewan
Alberta...... .
Brit. Colum..

26

26

117

11í'

2,830

- 2,830

2 1 3 5 23 28 54 800 2 854
2 15 4 21 64 85 1 14Ð 650 4,723 - 5,373
1 38 13 5
18:> Ð31 - 1,114 4,&05 37,370 - 41. 8/5
3 4 ï 33 8.i 118 1,159 1,888 3,047
1 1 2 21 2
55 411 466
2 10 3 15 41 6
2 105 1 , 09f1 1,557 124 2,580
4 6 4 14 56 Ð9 1 156 9!10 2,448 83 3,521
- - -- -- ---' - -- -- - --- -- ---
12 98 29 139 38-1 1,423 3 1,810 8,512 51,8
; 207 60,546

Totals.. . .. .

IApproximnte. 2RetuTnf> inc'omplete.

FlJ CC A T IO.V ST..1 TIS TICS OF (' A.Y
1 D.1

143

10 - Ueceiph and 'tl)('ndlt ur(' for PuhU(' };dlu'ation in ('anada, b)' Prmlll(,('S,
1901-1919.

PWN'CE ED" ARD ISI.A?Io'D.
(nECEIPT8).

GOVí'rn- Local GOYí'rn- Local
\ ('ar, nwnt Assess- Total. Y<,ar. mcnt Asscss- Total.
Grant. mcnt. Grant. mente
S S S S S S
1901... . .... . 12S,2h
36,647 164,935 1910. .. . . .. 127,54R 53,924 lRl,472
1902. . . . .. . .. . 127,49;) 3R,827 16G,322 1911....... 126,4
8 54, 73
11'1,176
190
. . . . . . . .2:3,91 H 4
,69S 16G,617 1912 2 . . . .. . . 179,9.3G 81 , G% 261,641
1904. .. . 121, G
t6 47,Omt Im
, 76.1 191
....,... 1:>0,732 56,874 207, l;06
1 !)O.3. . . . . . .. . . 122,S97 45,69,> 16S,59
1914 156,503 61,490 217,f)9

1906 1 . . . . . . 91,946 34,76:3 126,709 HH.'). 16.
,41:J 91,25S 2.39,671
1907. ..... . 123,
ms 46,429 170,327 l!t 16 17:J,!t62 70,610 244,572
1
tOS. . . .. . . .. . 127,092 49,S74 17H,96G HH7 17S,H07 72,623 251,2:m
1 !)O!I. .. . . . . .. . 129,179 54,027 IS:J,206 191
In,.179 94,96S 26
,547
I I!H!J.. . . 187,488 98,472 2S5,9fìO
. .

I
ïnc months.

2Ei
ht('cn month
.

OV A SCOTU.

( HFCEIP'ffi).

'lear.

Govcrn- '1 u nici- Local
nwnt. pal As:-pss- Total
Grant. Fund
. mente
S S S S
254,778 119,876 470, lOR 844,762
2.
7 , 616 117,376 53H,851 91:3,843
263,092 121,016 552,350 936,458
26S, 904 146,382 569,745 9
.3,031
271, r..
7 145,627 576,560 993,844
270,92.') 147,089 635,705 1,073,720
277,415 146, !t.39 616,431 1,040,805

35 , ,
'\.t 147,130 6H6,590 1,149,304

41, O.
S 147,400 711,428 1,199,R1'6
357,282 146,936 761,014 1,265,213
378,726 146,823 804,125 1,329,674
374,810 147,170 859,284 1 , 3S 1 , 264
:

5, 73.t 156,
64 944,992 1,4H7,590
:30S, 671 164, mw 1,002,967 1,556,618
407,213 16'\,00a I,C66,892 1,642,114
414,73S 16
, 114 1,037,302 1,620,154
432,2g4 163, .j33 1,157,907 1,753,726
427,4S4 163,994 1,280,965 1,872,4.t4
432,4.96 204.,519 1,460,578 2,097,593

19('1.
InO:?
1!103.
1904.
190,
.
1 !t06 .
IHo;.
1905.
1909.
1910.
HHI.
1912.__
1!J13.
1914
I!H5.
1916.
1917.
1918
HH9.

E" BRUXSWICK (RECEIPTS).
S S S $
I!J01. .......... -.. 163,225 90,492 346,6
3 600,340
1902. 162,227 92,095 341,475 59!'i, 797
1903. . 160,825 94,969 37.t, 196 629,990
1904. . 156,982 94,835 380,000 631,817
1905. . 159,741 91,9-17 :
87, 200 638,888
1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,D57 91,718 No record.
1907. . ......... . 160,553 91,429 1'Ç 0 record.
1 !JOB.. 182,453 91,620 494,947 769,020
1909. . 190,854 91, 235 539,002 821,091
1910. 195,363 90,454 580,069 865,R86
1911. . 196,O
2 90, 193 593,073 879,348
1912.. .... _. ...... .. .. . '" .... ..... ... 196,958 93,783 632,384 923,125

144

EDUCATIOJ.V

IO.-Receipts and Exp('nditure for Public Education in Canada, by Pro-
vinces, 1901-1919.

NEW BRUNSWICK (RECEIPTs)-conc1uded.

Govern-
I unici- Local
ment }:al Assess- Total.
Grant. Funds. ment.
$ $ $ $
196,320 97,404 648,479 942,203
195,261 96,946 704,476 996,683
200,635 97,423 761,753 1,059,811
206,486 96,141 844.256 1,146,883
204,754 97,284 843,357 1,145,395
286,949 97,230 930,567 1,314,746
277,996 99,097 1,153,163 1,530,256

Year.

1913.. .............. _. _ . _.
1914.. .............. .... -.... . -.'
1915.... .... ...... .. . ...... ...... '" .. .
1916.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1917.. .............. ....... ............
1918.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1919............ _.....................!

QUEBEC (E
penditure).

Year.

Govern-
ment
Grant.

Local
Assess-
ment Total. Year.
and other
sources.
$ $
2,999,804 3,453,754 1911...... .
3,051,109 3,524,559 1912...... .
3,234.074 3,718,038 1913.......
3,347,115 3,816,395 1914.. . . . . .
3,603,758 4,084,518 1915. . . . . . .
3,802,402 4,338,552 1916. . . . .. .
4,050,741 4,591,391 1917...... .
4,565,537 5,148,947 1918. . . .. . .
4,680,416 5,517,866 1919.......
5,302,139 6.210,530

Local
Govern- Assess-
ment ment Total.
Grant. and other
sources.
$ $ $
1,065,429 5,729,104 6,794,533
1,204,529 6,212,440 7,416,969
1,529,006 7,696,765 9,225,771
1,724,110 7,172,879 8,896,989
1,782,417 9,681,206 11,463,623
1,882,838 10,533,769 12,416,607
2,068,766 11,887,454 13,956,220
2,077,569 12,405,301 14,482,870
2,145,976 14,698,708 16,844,684

1901. . . .. . . .. .
1902.. . . . . . .. .
1903... .. . . . . .
1904.... .. . . . .
1905... . . .. . . .
1906... . . . . . . .
1907... . . . . . . .
1908... . . . . . . .
1909..... ... _ .
1910.... . . . . . .

$
453,950
473,450
484,960
469,280
480,760
536,150
540,650
683,410
837,450
908,391

ONTARIO (Receipts).

ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS.
Year. I Clergy Re- Total for
Government Local serve Fund Secondary
Grants. Assessments and other Total. Schools.!
sources.
$ $ $ $ $
1901. . . .. .. .. . 377,308 3,784,070 1,468,678 5,630,056 784,626
1902.. . . . . . . . . 383,666 3,959,912 1,422,924 5,766,502 832,853
1903. . . . . . . . . . 390,156 4,263,893 1,406,957 6,061,006 876,737
1904. . . . . . . . . . 405,362 4,464,227 1,600,982 6,470,571 965,867
1905.. . . . . . . . . 414,004 4,928,790 1,886,490 7,229,194 1,096,266
1906.. . . . . . . . . 509,795 {),529,496 1,883,394 7,922,685 1,209,782
1907. . . . . . . . . . 655,239 6,146,825 2,455.864 9,257,928 1,611,553
1908.. .. . . . . . . 770,426 6,581,232 2,620,523 9,972,181 2,001,307
1909.. . . . . . . . . 810,595 6,574,372 3,013,501 10,398,468 2,173,533
1910... . . . . . . . 805,635 7,334,458 3,573,507 11,713,600 2,195,322
1911......... . 892,377 7,R26,083 3,778,183 12,496,643 2,180,026
1912......... . 842,278 9,478,887 3,936,887 14,258,052 2,709,389
1913......... . 778,15U 9,856,380 4,025,284 14,659,814 3,686,267
1914......... . 760,845 12,608,865 4,069,565 17,439,275 4,857,437
1915.. . . . . . . . . 849,872 11,810,023 4,089,210 16,749,105 3,352,731
1916. . . . . . . . . . 831,988 11,010,356 4,327,738 16,080,082 3,380,927
1917.... . ... . 907,846 12,193,439 4,168,000 17,269,285 3,412,115
1918.... .. . . . 970,585 13,114,725 4,278,957 18,364,267 3,241,478

Grard
Total.

$
6,414,682
6,599,355
6,937,743
7,431,438
8,325,460
9,132,467
10,869,481
11,973,488
12,572,001
13,908,922
14,676,669
16,967,441
18,346,081
22,296,712
20,101 ,836
19,461,009
20,681,400
21,605,745
IJ t is uncertain whether or not these figures include the Technical and Arts School

EDf.iCATIOJ.\ STA'l'IS'l'ICS OF CANAtD...t

145

11.- Rt'{"t'ipts and .:tpt'udlture for Publl(" Education In (:anada by Provinteø.
1901-t919- -con.

ONTARIO (EXPEXDITURE).

Elementary Schools.
. Total
Sites Rent, Total for Grand
Year. Tf>acher8" and
laps, repairs, for Second- Total
Ralaries. building apparatus, fuel, Elemcn- ary
school- prizes, and other tary schools.
houses. etc. expcnæs. schools.
S S S S $ $ S
1901. . . .. . . . . . . . 3,055,321 531,072 Sl,6S5 1. 052.232 4,720,310 72S, 132 5,448,442
1902. . . . ..: . .. . . 3,19b.132 432,753 86.723 1,107,552 4.825,160 769,680 5,594,840
1903.. . . . . .. . . . . 3,300,993 428.RI7 74.4S6 1,264,573 5,077,869 816,082 5,8!}3.951
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . 3,473,710 578,656 87,997 1,319,130 5,459,493 R77,087 6,336.580
1905. . . . .. .. . . . . 3,669,230 U59, 137
IR. 200 1,434,670 6,161,236 1,004,498 7,165,734
1906.. ...... . . . . 3,880,54S 854.452 lûi,547 1,5.19,659 6,403,206 1,029,294 7,432,500
1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,389,524 1,220,820 213,096 1. 7
2, 7
9 7,556,179 1,213,697 8,769,876
1908.. .... .. . . . . 4,643,571 1,419,754 139,330 1,741,171 7, 94:J, 826 1,385.832 9,329,658
1909........... . 5,OOS.542 1,264,9S9, 136,627 1,731,2f..1) 8,1-11,423 1, ü21, 637 9,763,0.,0
1910........... . 5,310,039 2,1-10,200 1
1,171 1,761,792 9,
-1
,202 1,636,166 1O,979,3ü8
1911........... . 5,610,213 2,164,459 1
9.229 1,990,3S3 9,904,284 2,200,138 12,104.,422
1912........... . 6,109,54.7 2,777,960 167,755 2,21R,69
11,273, ü60 2,218,148 13,492,108
1913............ 6,648,255 2,869,830 149, 167 1 2,65'\.t3.1)5 12,325,907 2,9-12,384 15,268,291
1914... ......... 7,203,034 4,626,030 167,283 2,854,62114,850,ü6S 3,739,065 18,590,533
1915... ......... 7,614,110 3,561 , fl51 177,038 2,914,37714,267,476 2,781,768 17,049,244
1916. ... . ... . . . . 7,929,490 2.2
2, 110 HI:?,212 1 2,U4S,003 13,:
51,905 2,794,402 16,14.6,307
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . 8,398,450 1, n87, B.a 290,2071 3,4:t1,534 14,111,835 2,743,596 16,855,431
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . 9,027, 151 1 1,242,642, 16f),136 1 4,737,79-1 1 15,176,723 3,412,167 118, 588,890

f A1\""ITOB \..

Rcceipt:ol

Balance
Prom- from
issory Sundries. pre- Total.
notes. vious

ears.
S $ S $

O2,574 1-11,452 115, 677 2,840, 69;
777,417 424,666 111,741 3,342,03
905,747 274,803 119,970 3,478,72 t
1,336,370 281,988 162,736 4,184,76
1,275,239 76,172 399,539 5,241,80
960,215 213,283 302,40i 5,013,56
396,459 150,429 518,388 5,674,34
2,071,397 122,974 466,837 7,916,13
2,080,204 2'39,176 609,982 7,074,47
947,4.86 108,046 376,318 5,720,75
1, 142,289 133,111 416,194 6,285,87
1,165,751 2M. no 508,348 6,917,4

1
3
!J
7
8
6
9
9
6
2
8
06

Y esr. Legi!-.- 'f uni-
lative cipal Deben-
grant. taxes. tures.
S .$ S
1907. . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12,3ð3 1,223,336 315,271
1908. . ...... . . . . 267,645 1,475,473 285,091
1909. . . . . . . . . . . . 282, 200 1,539,047 356,962
1910. . . ... . . . . . . 296,115 1,682,238 425,320
1911............ 325,410 1,847,380 1,318,06

1913............ 351,745 2,1
8,459 987,457
1914. . . . . . . . . . . . 390,582 2,673,449 1,545,042
1915 . . . . . .. . . . . . 468,335 3,047,670 1,738,926
1916............ 503,774 3,296,667 344,673
1917......... . . . 522,293 3,445,239 321,370
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . 616,977 3,736,452 2-10,855
1919. . . . . . .. . . . . 589,174, 4,200,519 188,931

18427-10

14"6

EDUCATION

to.-Receipts and E
penditure for PubliC' Education in Canada, by PrO\inces,
190t-1919--con.

MANITOBA-con.

Expenditure.

Year.
I Repairs Sal6ry
j
I Teachers' Building, Fuel. and of
Salaries. etc. caretaking. Sec.-Treas.
I
I .
$ $ $ $ S
1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,009,224 460,260 79,963 126,216 23,420
1908. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,103,990 582,034 89,756 126,952 25,656
1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,203,232 641,900 80,921 132,421 26,174
1910. . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,237,010 830,432 87,002 148,932 28,689
1911. . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,452,630 1,199,288 109, 299 167,734 29,218
1913.................... '.. 1,734,854 1,420,882 99,918 132,222 32,493
1914. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,861,809 1,426,758 146,664 242,270 37,684
1915........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,066,440 1,358,533 110,049 379,318 65,025
1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,195,226 823,266 165,697 358,315 41,530
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,314,006 382,988 171,462 385,226 19,806
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . 2,382,840 440,221 197,258 418,660 46,249
1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,648,230 556,072 243,155 372,323 51,553

i Principal Interest Transpor-
Year. of on Promissory ta tion and Total.
Debentures. Debentures. notes. other
I expenditure.
$ $ $ $ $
1907. . . . . . . . . . . ... . 81,795 80,392 667,791 200,856 2,729,917
1908. . . .. . .. . . . 190,893 99,216 8ß9,334 141,905 3,229,766
1909.. ............... ........ . 111 , 295 244,596 757,200 137,770 3,3
5,500
1910........ .. . . . . . . . . . _ _ . . 269,660 127,589 1,013,076 169,281 4,000,671
1911........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,975 144,735 1,590,565 199,446 5,024,890
1913........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294,030 96,979 838,162 387,255 5,036,795
1914....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230,523 250,392 1,412,515 471,105 6,079,720
1915.. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184,910 344,476 2,260,906 347,241 7,118,898
1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194,257 409,193 2,132,286 338,459 6,658,229
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241,223 155,619 1,196,806 466,166 5,333,302
1918........ . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 360,134 357,409 1,055,581 651,031 5,909,383
1919...................... . 391,332 400,754 1,305,433 649,888 6,618,740
I

NOTE.-For a summary of the principal items of Receipts and Expenditure from 1901
to 1906, see Year Book of 1915, page 128. From 1907 the items are given in greater detail,
as above. Owing to change of year, no figures were published for 1912.

EDr.;C.J1TIOY STATISTICS OF CA.V.1D.t

147

10.- Uecelpts and "
tpendlture for Publlr };dlu'aflon in ('ana(la by Pro,InCtS,
1901-1919.-con.

S\SKATCHEW.\N (REC
PTS).

Year.

I Elementary Schools. Secondary
I
chools.
Govern- local Proc('eù::J
ment A 'f'
of D
Ot her Total.! Gov't Total.!
Gm-nta. ments. bentures. :--'ources. Grant.
S S S S S S S
174,218 602,624 360,206 32
,313 1,46.1,361 - -
218,385 707,835 507,006 524:,246 1,n.)7,47
- -
402,028 992,157 651,828 737, 1-10 2,7.'\3,153 - -
513,604 1,249.1H2 5
4.873 844,602 3,192,271 - -
557,299 1,369,531 524,741 1,221,011 3,672,582 - -
5.15,438 1,519,528 659, 270 1, 2!t;, 5.36 4,02H,79:? - -
622,088 1,929,345 1,4
O,603 2,048,577 6,030,613 36,945 242,148
7
2,002 2,913,135 2,07.1,375 2,649,910 8,31}0,422 42, lü3 461,260
867,590 4, -151,326 1,037,587 2,180,074 8,5:36,577 53,019 4S3,834
9
O,296 3,997,392 I,009,O
.) 2,441,7
O 8, 428, 4
)3 70,349 512,334
969,709 4,694,242 649,3QO 2, [,9J, 443 9,312,G
4 77,158 5U3, 1-14
1,104,156 4,fl54,200 - 4,213,371 10,271,727 83,4g6 704,4S5
1,162,490 5, ß1.
, 192 4.1.;, 777 1,874,459 9,110,925 UO,793 2276,161
1,25.').094 1 7,121,046 1,10.3,60') 2,012,422 11,494,164 S3,925 2355,741

Grand
Total.

1906. .. . .
1907. . . . .
1905. . . ..
1909... .
1910.... .
1911... .
1912.. . . .
1913.. . . .
1914.....
1915.....
1916. . . . .
1917.....
1918. . . . .
1919.....

S
1,4G.5,361
1,9.37,472
2,783,153
3,IH2,271
3,672,5S2
4,029,792
6,272,7Gl
8,821,6S2
9,020,411 .
8,H40,S27
9,
105, 838
10,976,212
9,387,086
11 , 849, 905

IThe total expenditure for t)('('ondary fwhool
"fiS included in that of the elementary
schools up to 1912. 'This item in 1918 and 1919 does not include money borrowed by
note.

hSK.\TCHEW AN: EXPE
DITURB

I I I I I I
1906... . 471,736 29.076 113.95b 303,739 339,933
1907.... I 5S5.594 <<.047 149,301 423.717 530.050
19Ub.... I 831,842 59.106 207,780 608.515 577,925
1909.. "11' 044,011 73,098 317,173 700,483 519.302
1910.... 1.208,651 83,635 379,695 877,978 627,740
1911. '.11.298,925 84,603 369,951 1,071.783 619,601
1912.... 1,596,616 94,358 455.949 1,820,705 1,149,986
1913.... 2,059.456 130,728 678,430 2.605.280 1.898.101
1914.... 2,588.669 169.491 975,508 2.317,15ö 1,429,173
1915... . 2.817,412 - 1.253.187
1916.... 2,956.666 - 1.105,765
1917....1 3.303,929 - 1.136,599
1918..../3,831.942 - 1,020,574 1,588,995 845,974
1919.... 4.813,000 - 809,999 1,737,892, 1.369,8331

I
47.251
84,565
95,762
130,558
144,206
172,993
202,531
294,710
369.802

becondary
Total Schools.
Expendi- Crand
ture. Teach- Total.
f'rs' Tota1. l
Salaries
I S I I
1,448.915 - - 1,448,915
2,000,675 - - 2.000,675
2.679,373 - - 2,679.373
3,032.999 - - 3.032,999
3,655.42
- - 3,655,428
3.990,036 - - 3,990,036
5,931,844 94,481 312,536 6,244.380
8,327,179 131.414 460,725 8,787,904
8,588,462 150,808 483,834 9,072,296
8,163,897 157,850 501,960 8,665.857
9,211,390 175.098 580,628 9,792,018
10,117.716 190,703 686,392 10,804.108
9,183,975 209,085 1293,110 9,477,085
11,433,258 235,460 1350,685 11,783,943

. Pl}id on I School Care-
. I Teachers' <?ffi
Pmd on l\otes buildings taking
'\ ear. !ò:alari es cla
Deben- (renev.als d
" d
, "-' . Salaries turee. and an. -.
interest). repairs. fuel.

IThe secondary school expenditure was included in that of the elementary schools until 1912: the items
for 1918 and 1919 do not include promissory notes.
15427-101

148

EDL
CA T ID1V

l'.-Recelpts and E
penditure for Public Education in Canada, by Provinces.
1901-1919.-con.
Elementary Schools.- ALBERT.\: RECEIPTS.

Govern- Local Proceeds Borrowed Other
Year. ment Assess- of Deben- by Sources. TotaL
Grants. ments. tures. Note.
$ S $ $ $ $
1906. . . . . . . . . . 142,836 416,344 297,158 292,786 140,797 1,289,921
1907. . . . . . . . . . 197,768 544,716 442,431 431,561 160,224 1,776,700
1908. . . . . . .. . . 220,712 917,515 764,069 539,939 106,382 2,548,617
1909......... . 307, 186 961,959 992,516 535,896 234,440 3,031,997
1910.......... 301,239 1,278,013 673,333 848,625 86,155 3,187,365
1911. . . . . . . . . . 432,877 1,575,412 1,481,173 1,461,208 120,363 5,071,033
1912... .. . . . . . 414,116 1,793,480 1,491,498 2,665,063 262,761 6,626.918
1913. . . . . . . . . . 461,289 2,901,214 3,497,863 1,959,495 228,650 9,048,511
1914.... . . . . . . 507,682 3,028,776 966,350 2,771,380 279,324 7,553,512
1915. . . . . . . . . . 540,235 3,733,323 951,205 2.473,976 258,865 7,957,604
1916......... . 553,141 3,749,007 155,883 1,105,538 1,203,814 6,767,383
1917. . . . . . . .. . 652,557 3,657,510 268,102 1,451,229 497,479 6,526,878
1918. . . . . . . . . . 625,830 5,132,232 433,126 1,173,546 195,990 7,560,724
1919....... ... 713.083 5,601,713 655,960 1,388,001 410,235 8,768,992

ALBERTA: EXPENDITURE.

Paid on
Year. Teachers' Officials' Deben-
Salaries. Salaries. tures.
S . $ $
1906. . . . . . . . . . . 386, 108 23,796 94,947
1907. . . . . . . . . . . . 497,746 36,755 131,488
1908. . . .. . . . . . . 592,223 39,974 207,775
1909. . . . . . . . . . . 758,816 52,785 244,185
1910. . . . . . . . . . . 908,045 64,241 347,220
1911. . . . . . . . . . . 1,144,584 87,409 408,442
1912.......... . 1,411,201 114,382 482,906
1913............ 1,672,526 180,165 594,051
1914.. . . .. . .. .. 2,050,697 179,453 815,062
1 91 5.. . . . . . . .. . 2,244,964 185,616 1,065,437
1 9 16. . . . . .. . . . . 2,421,404 230,931 956,563
1 917 . . . . . . . . . . . 2,620,085 193,484 1,100,181
1 918 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,860,352 198,870 1,054,044
919. . . . . . .. . . . 3,560,318 225,242 1.051, 171

Paid on
Notes School Other Total
(renewals buildings Expen- Expen-
and and diture. diture.
interest). repairs.
$ $ $ 5
298.984 274,525 180,747 1,259.107
295,517 486,824 345,623 1,793,953
639,459 607,635 306,616 2,393,682
574,725 638,065 467,282 2,735,858
653,987 862,295 526,606 3,362,394
1,309,134 1,223,142 853,062 5,025,773
2,021,030 1,526,001 1,111,762 6,667,282
3,160,030 1,816,203 1,261,211 8,684,186
2,350,462 1,324,470 1,114,747 7,834,891
2,731,279 443,641 1,294,533 7,965,470
1,266,884 325,297 920,535 6,121,614
1,068,058 414,105 1,199,649 6,595,562
1,598.757 604,891 1,179,777 7,496,691
1,503,944 765,935 1,698,919 8,805.529

1

BRITISH COLUMBIA: EXPENDITURE.

Cities, Cities,
Provincial Municipal- Provincial Municipal-
Year. Govern- ities, Total. Year. Govern- ities, Total
Rural and Rural and
mente Assisted ment. Assisted
Schools. Schools.
$ $ S $ $ S
1901. . . .. . . 350,532 182,160 532,692 1910.... . 818,576 1,098,660 1,917,236
1902...... . 438,086 150,482 588,568 1911.... . 1,001,808 1,639,714 2,641,522
1903....... 473,802 130,556 604,358 1912.... . 1 , 151, 715 2,730,773 3,882,488
1904. . .. . . . 453,313 144,451 597,764 1913.... . 1,663,003 2,995,892 4,658,895
1905..... .. 479,158 249,89] 729,049 1914. .. . . 1,885,654 2,749,223 4,634,877
1906. . . . . . . 444,543 244,198 688,741 1915 .... 1,607,651 2,309,795 3,917,446
Ig07. . . . . . . 474,608 390,163 864,771 1916. .. . . 1,591,322 1,625,028 3,216,350
1908. . . . . . . 544,672 675,838 1, 220, 510 1917.... . 1,600,125 1,637,539 3,237,664
1909. . . . . . . 626,074 921,626 1,547,700 1918.... . 1,653,797 1,865,218 3,519,015
1919.... . 1,791,154 2,437.566 4,228,720

EDUCATIOJV ST tTlSTICS OF CA.N
tD
t

149

11 -A'fl' e \ooual
alarlt"s or 'chool Tea(.ht..r
., b
Pro\ln('("S, t91
t9t9.

Province and Cla

of
Certificah'

Prince Edwarù Island, 1919-
}<'irst cla!:-
........
S('cond class. . . . .. ........
Third class. ". - . . . . .

l"ova Bcotia, HH9-
Class A ..
Class B
Class ('.. . .
Class D _ _ . . . . . . . . .
Acad{'mic. _.....

'\Jf'W Bruns\\ick, 1919-
First class. . . . _ _ _ . . .

econd class. _ . . _ . . . . . _ _ . . .
Third class. .. .. .. . .. . .. . . .

uperior schools.. . . . . . . . . . .
Grammar schools..... . ... .

'Iale. Ft'-
mal('.

s s

tilh 4

382 33

3 I 3 236

1 , (l9h
m9
.").'\9
326
1,43

1,
OO 706
507 427
390 332
002
1,52J

Quebec, 19191-
Protestant schools. .... . .. . . 1, 7W 6Sh
Roman Catholio 8chools.. . . 9<JO 224

Ontario, 1918-
Public and
para.tc bchools-
First CIW:lS...... . . . . . . . . . 1, 7
2

('('ond ch
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 041
Third cla::ls and district
('ertificatc........ . . . . . .
Hi
h Hchools and Colle-
,.date Institutes-
Principals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assistants....... . . .
Continuation Schools-
Principals.... .. . . . . . . . . . .
Assistants. . .... . . . . . . . . . .

:Mamtoba, 1918-
Highest salary. . . . . . . . ... . .
A verage salary for prov-
ince. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Vt'rage ci ties and towns. .
Highest rural school. . . . . .
A v(.rage rural school.. . . . .

595

2,213
2, 181 11,4

1,303
\161 I 927
3, 600

794
962
1,000
628

J)rovince and Clas
of
Certificate.

Iale. Fe-
male.

s S
Sa..
katch("\\an, 1919:"-
Hural 8Chool
-
First da:-.
. . . . . . 1,18.1 1,125
R('cond clas
. . . . . . . . . . 1,152 1,074
Thir(1 class. . . . . .... .. 1,120 1,027
ProvilSional. . . _ . . . . . . . . . 1 , 148 1,053
Citips, towns anù villages-
J.'irst da
'w . . . . . . . . 1 , n"
4 1,132

econd class. . . . .. .... 1.352 1,020
'rhird ch'-'3s. . . . . . . . . 1,20!> 962
Provisional. . . 900 9
0
AlbC"rta, HH9-
First cl
. . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,501 I,U4

Second class - . . . . . . . . . . . 1,102 9ti8
Third class. . . . . . . . . - . . . . . 1,035 H49
Permit....... . . . . - . . . . . 929 981)
Speclalist . . . . . . . . 1,847 1,30(t

(jO.)
47H
379
276
()8ü

775
732

Eri tish Colum bin, 19W-
High ::schools-
j\c
emic.......
Ci ty J.!radt'ù schools--
Ac
emic. ..... ...
l.'irst. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _

econd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . .
Third. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,192 1,619
1,975 1,159
2,032 1,171
1,466 1,055
1.289 959

Rural
Iunicipality bchools-
Ac
emic. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . 1,543
J.ïrst. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.777

cond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,424
Third. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 940

959
1,004
960
879

1,055
964
950
924

1 In the figures for Quebec lay teacher
only are included. The teachers in religious
orders to the number of 6,910 (Elementary Schools, Model Bchoolb and Academies, 1911*)
J"t>ceive no 8aJarie
. 2 In Saskatchewan, only elementary
chool tea('hers are included.

537

Rural and Assil5ted schools-
Ac
emic. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 1,061
First. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,066
ðecond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 022
Third. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995

150

EDUGA.TION

12.-'Cniversities of Canada: Foundation, Affiliation, Faculties, and Degrees.
Date of

Name and
Address.

Original
Founda-
tion.

Present
Charter.

Affiliation
to other
Universities.

Faculties.

Degrees.

University of 1789
Kings' College,
\Yindsor, N.S.
Dalhousie Univer- 1818
sity, Halifax,

.S.

University of St. 1855
Francis Xavier,
Antigonish, N .S.
University of
ew 1800
Brunswick, Fre-
dericton, N .B.

1802 Oxford and Arts, Law, B.A., M.A., B.Sc.,
Cambridge. Science, Div- D.Sc., l\1.Sc.,
inity. B.C.L., D.C.L.,
B.D., D.D.
1863 Oxford and Arts and Science, B.A., M.A., B.Sc.,
Cambridge. Law, Medicine L. Mus., M.Sc.,
and Dentistry B.l\Ius.,Phm.B.
LL.B., M.D.,
C.l\L, D.D.S.,
LL.D. (Hon.).
1840 Oxford, Dal- Arts, Divinity, B.A.,B.Sc.,B.Th.,
housie and Law, Science, and
I.A.
McGill, Ko- Applied Sci-
va Scotia ence, Litera-
Technical. ture.
1909 Arts, Science, B.A., M.A., B.Sc.,
Engineering, LL. D.
Law.

Acadia University 1838
Wolfville, N .S.

MountAllison Uni-
versity, Sack-
ville, N .B.
University of St.
Joseph's College,
St. Joseph, K.B.
McGill University,
Montreal, Que.

1858

1860 Oxford, Cam- Arts, Applied B.A., M.A., B.Sc.,
bridge, Dub- Science, Partial In Civil Engineer
lin, McGill. Course in Law. ing, Electrical
Engineering or
Forestry, D.Sc.
1886-1913 Dalhousie, Arts, Theology, B.A., )1...:\., B.Sc.,
Oxford and Engineering. B.D.
Cambridge.

1864

1898

Oxford.

Arts, Science. B.A., B.S., B.L.,
B.C.S.,
1.A.

1821

1852

Acadia,
It. Arts, Applied B.A., M.A.,B.C.L
Allison, St. Science, Law, D.C.L., LL.D.,
Francis- Medicine, B.Sc., D.Sc.,
Xavier, AI- Agriculture. D.DS., M.Sc.,
berta, are Mus. Bae., Mus.
affiliated to Doc., B.S.A.,
McGill in D.Sc., B.Arch.,
the Faculty
1.D., C.M.,
of Applied D.Litt., Ph.D.,
Science. LL.B., LL.M.,
B.Com., B.H.S.
Oxford and Arts, Divinity, B.A., )1.A., B.D.,
Cambridge. Medicine and D.D., D.C.L.,
Law. Mus.Bac., Mus.
Doc., L.S.T.
Theology, Law, M.A., B.A., B.S.,
Medicine, B.L., Ph.D.,
Arts. Ph.L., Ph.B.,
M.D.,M.B.,LL.
B., LL.L., LL.
D., D.B., D.L.
D.D., C.L.B.,
C.L.L., C.L.D.

University of Bish- 1843 1853
op's College, Len-
noxville, Que.
Laval University, 1852 1852
Quebec, Que.

University of
Montreal, Mont-
real, Que.

1878

1852

Theology, Law, Bachelor, Licenci-
Medicine, Arts, ate, Doctor.
Domestic Sci-
ence, Drawing,
Religious and
Profane Music.

CXli FR
ITIEC:; UF CA
'
lD
-l

151

12.- rnl\t'r...UIt.s of t..anada: .oundatlon. \ftUiatlon, .'aculties and De
ees.-con.

X ame anù
Addre<;!s.

Lniversitv of Tor-
onto, Toronto,
Onto

Yictoria L"niver-
;:::,ity, Toronto.
Univcrsitv ofTrin-
ity Coll
'ge, Tor-
onto, Ont.
" estern C nh.er-
:--ity, London,
Onto

Queen's
:--ity,
Unto

L"nh cr-
Kingston,

L"ni\ e
jty of Ot-
tawa, Ottawa,
Unto

:\lc)laster l:nh"er-

ity, Toronto,
Onto
Lniversitv of :Man-
itoba, \'ïnnipeg.
)Ian.

C ni ,.ersi t
. of Sas-
katche" an, Sas-
katoon, Sask.

Cniversitv of .Al-
berta, . Edmon-
ton, Alberta.

Cniversitv of Bri-
tish Còlum bia,
Y ancou,.er, B.C.

Original
Founda-
tion.

lS27

1836

IS.>I

1878

18U

IF-l

183.

1
.7

1907

1906

1907

DATE OF

Presen t
Charter.

Act
1906

1836

1
52

19O5

ISU

löt>û

I",,;

1877

1907

Affiliation
to other
Univcrsiti('s.

raculties.

Degrees.

Oxford, Cam- Art
, )I('clicine, B.A., 1\1..\., Ph. D.
briù
e and Appli('d ;:;ei- LL.B., LL. )1.,
Dublin. ('nce, Engim.('r- LL.D., Mus.
ing, AJZ:ricul- Bac., Mus. Doc.,
ture, 1'-0 r('s t,... 'I.B.,.M. D., B.
ry, Education, A.:::;c., M.A$('.,
Household C.E., E.E., M.
Science. E., P.Paocl., D.
Pa-d., B.S.A.,
B.
c.A., B.Sc.
F., F.E., D.D.
...:., Phlll. B., B.
Y.Se., D.V.Sc.
\.rts and Theo- B.D., D.D.
logy. I
A
s and Divin- L.Th.,B.D.,D.D.
lty.

foronto.

foronto.

1910

Arts,
Iedicjne B.A., )1. \., M.D.,
and Public LL. D., D.Sc.,
Health,:\lusic. \ D.P.H., Mus.
Bach.
Arts, Science, B.A.,)1.A., B.Sc.,
Engineering, D.Sc.,
I.Sc.,1\I.,
Medicine, D.,
I.B., LL.
EduC'ation, D., B.D., D.D.,
Theolo
y. B. Pæd., D.
pæd.
Theology, Phi- I LL. D., D.D.,
losophy, Law, B. Ph., D. Ph.,
.Artsand Com- B.A., M.A.
mercial.
Oxford, Cam- ArtsTheologY I B.A.. )I.A., H.Sc.,
hndge, Lon- B.Th., B.D.
don.
Arts, Scien('('"B.A.,)I..A., B.Sc.,
La", Medi-
I.D., C.M.,
C'ine, Enginecr- B.C.E., B.E.E.,
ing, Architee-
I.C.E.,M .E.E..
ture, Pharma- B.:\I.E., B.
ey, Agrieul- Arch., Phm.B.,
ture. B.S.A., LL.B.,
LL.D.
O
ord. Arts, Science. B.A., B.Sc., B.S.
La.w, Agricul- I A., B.E.,LL.B.
ture,Engineer- 1 :\1..-\., :\1.8e.
ing,Pharmac)
.Accounting,
Education,
Veterinary
,r
diejne.
Oxíord, )Ic- Arts & Sciences, B.A., B.Sc.,
I.A.,
Gill and Applied Sci- B.S.A., :\1.Sc.,
Toronto. ence, Agricul- LL.B., Phm.B.:
ture,
Iedi- B. D., LL.D.
cine, Dentis-
try, Law,
Schools of
Pharmacy
and Account-
ancy.
Arts, Applied B..\.., B.Sc.
Science and
Agriculture.

1908

.

152

EDUCA TION

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158

EDUCATION

l8.-Colleges of Canada: Foundation, Affiliation, Faculties and Degrees.

DATE OF

Name and Address. Original Present University
Founda- Charter. Affiliation.
tion.

Prince of Wales Col-
lege. Charlotte-
town, P .E.!.
Saint Dunstan's Col-
lege, Charlotte-
town, P .E.!.
Preshyteran Col-
lege, Halifax, N .S.
College of Sainte
Anne, Church
Point, N .S.
Technical College,
Halifax, N .S.

Agricultural College,
Truro, N .S.
Holy Heart Theo-
logical College,
Halifax, N .S.
St. Mary's College,
Halifax, N .S.
Macdonald College,
Ste. Anne de Bel-
levue. Que.
Ecole Des Hautes
Etudes Commer-
ciales, Montreal,
Que.
Stan stead Wesleyan
. College,Stanstead,
Que.
Presbyterian Col-
lege, Montreal,
Que.
Congregational Col-
lege of Canada,
Montreal, Que.
Montreal Diocesan
Theological Col-
lege, Montreal,
Que.
Wesleyan Theologic-
al College, Mont-
real, Que.
Wycliffe College,
Toronto, Onto
Knox College, Tor-
onto, Onto
St. Michael's Col-
lege, Toronto, Onto
Ontario Agricultural
College, Guelph,
Onto
Ontario College of
Art,2 Toronto,Ont.

1836

1855

1820
1890

1907

1888 1905
1894 1906

1841 1841

1860

Practically all Arts.
Canadian
Universities

Facul ties.

Degrees.

\

Laval, Que. Arts, Prepara- B.L., B.A., B.Sc.,
tory,andCom- Ph.M.
mercial.
Dalhousie. Theology. D.D., B.D.

1892

Arts, Science.

Acadia,Kings, Engineering.
St. Mary's,
Dalhousie,
M t. Allison,
St. Francis
Xavier.

1907 McGill.

1907 1907 Laval.

1872 1872

1865 1865 McGill.

1839 Amended McGill.
1864 &
1889
1873 1879 McGill.

1872 1879 McGill.

1879 1916 Toronto.
1843 1858 Toronto.
1852 Toronto.
1874 1874 Toronto.

1912 1912

B.A., B.Sc., M.A.

B.Sc., in
LE., C.
E., E.E.,
lch.
E.

Agriculture. Associate
Diploma.
Theology, Phi- T.B., T.L., D.D.,
losophy. Ph.D.
Arts, Partial B.A.
Course in En-
gineering.
Agriculture, M.S.A., B.H.S.,
Household Sci- B.S.A., B.Sc.)n
ence. Agr.
Commerce. L.S.C., C.L.

Arts, Commer- Diploma.
cial, Musie.

· B.D., S.T.D.,
D.D.
L.Th., B.D.,D.D.
B.D., D.D.
B.A., M.A.,
Ph.D.l
Agricultural, B.S.A.
Domestic Sci-
ence, Manual
Training.

Theology.

Theology.

Divinity.

Theology.

Theology.

Theology .

Arts.

B.D., D.D.

B.D., D.D.

B.D., D.D.

Diploma.

COLLEGE::, OF CA.NADA

159

l
.-Collf'ge of Canada: }'oundatioll, UlUlation, .'a('ultic
. and D('grt't'S -con.

DATE 01'
Xameand .Address. Original p rniyersity
Founda- . re:,ent Affiliation.
tion. Chartpr.

Ontario Law School,
Os
oode Hall, Tor-
onto, Onto
Toronto Bible Col-
lege, Toronto, Onto
Ontario Colle
e of
Pharmacy, Toron-
to, Onto
Royal College of
Dental Surgeons of
Ontario, Toronto,
Onto
Ontario Yeterinary
College, Toronto,
Onto

"aterloo Collpge,
Lutheran Theolog-
ical Seminary,
"aterloo, Ont.
Huron College, Lon-
don, Onto
St.Jprome's Collpge,
Kitchener, Onto
Royal
Iilitary Col-
lege, Kingston,
Ont.
Brandon College,
Brandon, '[an.

The
Ianitoba Law
School, Winnipeg,
)Ian.
,,"psley College,
Winnipeg,
Ian.

Ianitoba, Agricul-
tural College, Win-
nipeg, 'Ian.
St. John's College,
'Yinnipeg,
Ian.
Emmanuel College,
Saskatoon, Sask.
Presbyterian Theo-
logical College,
Saskatoon, Sask.
St. Chad's College,
Regina, Bask.
Edmonton Jesuit
College, Edmon-
ton, Al berta.
Robertson College,
Edmonton
(South), Alberta.
Institute of Technol-
ogy and Art, Cal-
gary Alberta.

1<\62

1911

1
63
Ibß.1

1875

It-90

191-1

1877

1903

1866

1879

1911

1907
1913

1910

1916

1871

lðòS

1",,4 roronto.
1911 I foronto.

Tulpl1 " Toronto.
0\ er by
Gov(.rn-
mf'nt in
1908
1912 -

Faculties.

Pharmacy.

Dt.'ntistry.

\' eterinary.

D(<grees.

L.D.b. 4

Y.S.'

Art...:, Theology. Bu\., )I.
-\.

18(,3 \\ (':,tern rni- rheology.
Y('r
ity.

IS77

1853

1913

1916

IH;6

'Ic
la
ter.
I .
I
amtoba.
1
lanitoba.
I

Ianitoba.
I

Ianitoba.

Art:" Schola::,tic
l)}1Ïlosophy.

Diploma" ith title
L.Th.'

Diploma and Dip-
loma with Hon-
ours.
-\.rt::s, Theology, B.A. by
lcMaster
.Academic, '["'niversity.
Bu:,ine!ô's,
\lusic.
La\\.

LL.B. by Univer-
bity.

Arts, Theology, B.D., D.D.7

Iatriculation.
.A
riculture, B.S.A.
Home
Economic8.

o:>a
katchewan Divinity.
Sa...katche"an Divinity.

ba:,katchewan Divinity.

Layal.
I
I

\lberta.

Preparatory ,
Commercial,
Classical.
Theology .

Technical
Courses.

B.D.
L.Th.,B.D., D.D.
B.D., D.D.

D.D.

160

EDUCATION

IS.-Colleges of Canada: Foundation, Aftiliation, Faculties, and Degrees-concluded.

DATE OF
Name and Address. Original University Faculties. Degref's.
Present Affiliation.
Founda- Charter.
tion.
The Anglican Theo- - - - - -
logical College,
Vancouver, B.C.
Columbia Methodist 1892 1893 Toronto. Academic, Diplomas.
College, New West- Music,
minster, B.C. Business.
Royal Naval Col- 1911 - - - Midshipman,
lege, Esquimalt, R.C.N.
B.C.
--
- . .

1 Degrees conferred by the University of Toronto. 2 Succeeding Ontario School of Art
founded in 1876. 3 The University of Toronto grants the degree Phm.B. 4The degree of
D.D.S. is conferred by the University of Toronto. 6The degrees of B.V.Sc. and D.V.Sc.
are conferred by the University of Toronto. 6Degreeõ in Arts and Theology S.re conferred
by the Western University. 7The degree of B.A. is conferred by the University of Manitoba.

19.-Professional and Affiliated CoUeges of Canada: Number of Teaching Staff and
Students, 1919-20.

Name and Address.

Number of Teaching
Staff.

Number of Students.

Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total.

Prince of Wales College, Charlotte-
town, P .E.I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Dunstan's College, Charlottetown,
P . E.I. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presbyterian College, Halifax, N .S.. .
College of Ste. Anne, Church Point,
N.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical College, Halifax, N .S.. . . . . .
Agricultural College, Truro, N .S.. . . . .
Holy Heart Theological College, Hali-
fax, N .S.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Mary's College, Halifax, N.S.... ..
Macdonald College, Ste. Anne de Belle-
vue, Que........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerci-
ales, Montreal, Que... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stanstead Wesleyan College, Stan-
stead, Que... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Presbyterian College, Montreal, Que.
Congregational College of Canada,
Montreal, Que......................
Montreal Diocesan Theological Col-
lege, Montreal, Que... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
12
4
13

3

13
7
7
37
9
7
6
2
4

20

15

10
12
4
13

74
290
32

232

158

290
32

130

130

13
7
7
57
9
22
6

296

96

392
54
130

54
130
381
340

341

722

340
410
49
15
14

42

7

2

15

4

14

CO! LEGES OF' CA..VADA

161

19. - l.rofc
slon:aI .uul .\fnUatt'd ('olle
es of ('anada:
tlmbcr of Teacbln

talr and
Students, 1919..!O.-concludell.

nme and .\ddre:"s.

Number of Tc:\ching
Staff.

Xumber of Students.

'I ale. Female. Total. .Male. Female. Total.

Wesleyan Theological College, :\Iont-
real, Que. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WyclifTe Colleg p , Toronto, Ont...... . .
Kno\: Coll('ge, Toronto, Unt....... .. . .
St. :\lichael's Collt'ge, Toronto, unt.. .
Untario Agricultural Colll'gl., Gudph,
Unt. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario Col1('gc of Art, Toronto, Ont..
Untario College of l'harlllaey, Tor-
onto, Ont... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario Law School, "U8gooùP Hall,"
1'oronto, Ont. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Toronto Bible Coll('gp, Toronto, Ont..
Hoyal CnUe....e of Dpntal Surgt'on!i,
Toronto, Ont... . . - . . . .. .' . .
Ontario Y('terinary College, Toronto.
()ut. ...... ....... ...........
Waterloo Colll'
c LuthPTan and Theo-
logical S .minar)', Watprloo, ()nt...
Huron Coll('gp, london, ()nt. . . . . .

t. Jerorm"s Colll'
e, Kitchcnpr, Unt..
Royal
lilitary l'ollq
e, l\:i, nJ,!;ston
B:

tn ë
ii('gp, Ür"u:
li

: '
I:

. . . . .
:

Ja.nitoha I a\\ School, \\ïnnip('
,:\lan.
Wpsley Collp
e, Winnipt'
,
Ian. . ......
\Ianitoha Agricultural Coll('
c, Winni-
ppg,
lan........... ...... ..
St. ,John's Collpg
, Winnipl'g, Man.. . . .
Emmanuel Collpgp, :'aska.toon. Sa
k.
Presbytprian Theological Colll'gp,
SLI.
katoon, Sa.sk.............. .. ..
St. Chad's ('ollpgp, Rt'gina, Sa.:,k. ....
Edmonton Jesuit CollpJ?;e, Fdmonton,
.\lberta............. ... ..........
Robertson Coll{'ge, Edmonton
outh)
Alberta. . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In!';titute of T('('hnology nnd \rt, Cal-
gar)', Alberta.. . .. . .............
Thp -\.nglican Th('olop:i('al Collt'ge of
B.C., Vancouver, B.C... .. . ... .
Columbia
Iethodist Colll'g(',
('W
W('stminster, B.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Royal Kaval College, Esquimalt,B.C.
Total. . . . .

4
7
17
14

.b
7
6

7
6

lit

;

6
6
13

20

21
11

:?!.I

3
3
5
17
3

22

4

11

:::n')
,AI...

Ilncluding 301 studl'nts who!'p sex was not givf'n.
:!Including 1,011 students whm
e sex" as not given.

18427-11

1

12

12
5

1
1

3
9

8"

4:
8
17
26

88
HO
92
118
1,631
171
137
619
114

60
12

6
7
7

62

7S9

.

6
6
13

49
23
165

:!(J

165
6!1
118

21
14

3"

7.3S

3
3
5
17
3

31
9
186
33

22

415

4

11
58!

436
:?fiû

21
215
14

95

20

9

46

22

2

88
1j0
114
200

7

2,067
437
144
640
329

803

95

49
23
16.3

49
5

165
4HP
123
300

364

1,122

20
31
-9

18f
33

4H

9

16

7,80b l 2,0S3, 10,902:

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164

CLIJ.fATE AND J.fETEOROLOGY

VII.-CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY.

THE CLIMATE OF' CANADA SINCE CONFEDERATION.

By Sir FREDERICK STUPAR1, Director, Dominion MeteJrological Service, Toronto.

It has been proved by geologists that in geological tÏ1ne the
climate of the world has undergone great changes, and many his-
torians and archæologists have in recent years carried on investi-
gations as to whether in historical tÏ1nes there has been any appreciable
change in the climates of the countries for '\vhich exist either \vritten
records or evidences provided by the relnains of man's handhvork.
I t has been thought by SOlne that there are evidences of increasing
desiccation in Asia and southern Europe, \vhile in the western helnis-
phere, in central Alnerica and adjacent territories, the disappearance
of a by-gone civilization has been explained as resulting from a
change of climate which has rendered uninhabitable a land obviously
once \vell suited to lnan's best desires.
It has, however, been found that there are many conflicting
data, and as the question stands to-day the general consensus of
opinion is that while there have been pulsations of both long and
short periods during which departures froln average have been quite
pronounced both as regards temperature and precipitation, yet there
have not been appreciable progressive changes in either direction.
In view of these facts we may be fairly sure that in the seasons
in Canada of the more than fifty years since Confederation there
have been variations such as have occurred do'\vn through the centuries
and ,,-ill occur in the future, but we need not expect to find any dpfinitp
climatic change. There is, ho\vever, one factor which may have
to some extent affected the climate of eastern Canada and that is
deforestation and yet, be it said in a somewhat guarded lnanner
the records that \ve possess do not indicate that this factor is as
ilnportant as it was once thought to be.
In inspecting the charts sho'\ving the curves of winter temperature
for the different parts of Canada during the past 50 years, the most
obvious fact is that the variations froln average are largest in the
western provinces and that they dilninish gradually eastward to\vards
the Atlantic coast. At Edlnonton the mean telnperature of the
winter of 1887 \vas -4 0 , '\vhile that of 1889 was 220; the lowest \vinter
lnonthly average, -14 0 , occurred in January, 1886, and the highest
\vinter monthly, 22 0 , occurred in both January and February, 1889.
"'\Vinnipeg shows even a greater range, with a mean \vinter temperature
of _9 0 in 1886 and a Inean of 19 0 in 1878. The lowest monthly
mean was -16 0 in January, 1883, and the highest 23 0 in February,
1878.

NORMAL: MEAN
TEMPERATURE
JA N UARV
METE OROLOqlCA L S[RVI('E'
ST"'TION6 - Ð

,"

. NOR.MAL
PRECIPITATION.
JANUARY

sd

l\IAP OF CANADA SHOWING NOR?\: MEAX'

\IE.\X TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATIO
IX JANUAR1

;

A

T

1

(
1
f
(
I

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(

rLI UA TE SI.YCL
C()
VFEDER.t TI().V

lû5

..\t 1"oronto th(' rohleHt \vintC'rs ,vere those of 1875 and 10U4
with n Illean of 1 i O , follo,ved closcly by 1018 ,,'ith a Ine:tn of 18 0 .
l'he \varlnest ,,,inter \vas in 1800 \vith a II1ean of 30 0 and the ne
t
,vannebt 1 90l) \vith a mean of 28 0 , \vhich
ive a difference of 13 0
het".ppn t he ""anlle
t and the coldest winters. 'fhe coldest ".inter
1l1onthly 1l1eall recorded ""as 10 0 .2 in February, 1875, and the warmest
J anU3.ry nlC'an \vas 32 0 in 1880 and the 'warnlest February \vas 30 0 .3
in 1882.
...\t \fontreal the ('olcle
t \vinter Incan \vas 10 0 in 1873 and the
wanuest 21 0 in 1
7ð and 1892; the coldest January \vas 4 0 in 1888
nnti also in 1893, :1nd the 'varn1e
t 22 0 in both lR80 and 1013. 'fhe
('ohl("\
t Fehruary \vas 6 0 in 1883 and the \vannest 27 0 in 1877.
In X ova
eotia, as represented by IIalifax, the coldest ,vinters
"'ere those of lS68 and 1905, 'with meaq. tel11peratures of 18 0 .3 and
lX O .0, re
pectively, and the ,varnlpst \vere those of 1870 and 1890,
p:\('h with a 11lean tenlperature of 28 0 .3. l'he coldest January ,vas
that of 1873 \vith a tenlperature of 16 0 , and the coldest February
o('('urrpr! in 1 HO.! ".it h a lnean of 17 0 .
rrht' lo\vest tC'l1lperatures on record at various I:5tations in Canada
arp as follo,vs: Fort Good IIope, l\lackenzie river _790; Fort
''''cnnilion -780; Ednlonton -370; Prince ...\lbert -700; 'Vinnipeg
-330; 'Yhitp River, Ontario -ßO o ; Toronto -2ü o ; Otta,va -32 0 ;
.:\[ontrpal -2b o ; QuC'hec _3-10; Ifalifax -17 0 .
'rhe record of 17 years at 'Yinnipeg presents some very striking
facts. For a pC'riod of 23 years from 1872 there \vere but five winters
,vith a nlean telllperature higher than the mean of the \vhole pcriod
and durinv; the 22 years fronl 1895 until 1916 there ,vere but three
wintC'r
belo'w normal. Each of the past t,vo "Tinters has been,
ho,vcver, below, but not as low as the \vinters of 1883-4-5-7 and 8.
I t ,,"Quid appear that \ve are dealing ".ith a long-period cycle.
'fhe records at Toronto and .:\Iontrcal prcsent much the same
features as 'Yinnipeg, but to a somewhat lesser degree. One is struck
bv the fact that the 'winters for a little better than the first half of
the period cOlltaincd three distinctive groups of years which are
not evident in the second half. In the first of these groups, 1873-1883,
the mean 'winter temperature see-sa\\yed betwcen extremely cold and
cOlllparatively nlÏld, 1873, '75, '77, '79, '81 and '83 being cold while
the intermediate ".inters \vere n1Îld. Then in the second group we
have six consecutive cold ".inters, follo,ved by a grQl,lp of four un-
usually nlÌld ".inters. Following severe winters in 1893 and 1894
there \yere ten ,vinters \vith nearly normal temperature, but II).ost
of them slightly in excess of average. The .winters of 1904 a
d
1905 .were very cold in Toronto and somewhat belo,v average In
:\Iontreal and at both places were followed by an exceptionally
mild ,vinter in 1906 and a very cold winter in 1907. Since that
time, with the exception of moderately cold ,vinters in 19.11 and
1912 the winter curve has been mostly above the normal untIl 1918,
\vhich produced one of the coldest winters on record. In Halifax
the winter of 1867-8 ,vas the second coldest \\Tinter on record and ,vas

166

CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY

follo'wed by 5 years of average or above-average temperature. After
this the coldest ,vinters ,vere those of 1875, 1883, 1888, 1893 and
1904, 1905 and 1918, and the mild winters 1886, 1889, 1892, 1900,
1902 and 1906, 1908, 1910, while 13 winters other than those named
,vere nearly normal.
'Vhile, as we have seen, the ,vinters vary very considerably in
severity, yet as the spring advances departures from a normal value
diminish, and the summer season throughout the Dominion is subject
to relatively small variations. There are differences, however, and
in Alberta the summers of the eighties, exclusive of 1881, 1886 and
1889, ,vere distinctly cooler than any term of years since, while the
summers of 1894, 1896, 1898 and 1906 were especially marked by
high temperature. In nearly all the other years the mean of the
season differed very little from the normal derived from the whole
period. The general character of the summers as regards tempera-
ture has been much the same in Manitoba as in the more western
provinces. In the seventies they were warm, while in the eighties
they were cool, especially in 1883 and 1885. The nineties were also
cool, exclusive of '90, '93 and '94, but since 1900 warm summers
have predominated with however marked exceptions in 1904 and
1905 and again in 1915.
From Ontario east,vard the year 1869 had the coolest summer
in the half century, and after that the coolest summers occurred
from 1882 to 1891, exclusive of 1887 and in 1902-3-4. A decade of
,varm summers cOlnmenced in 1892 and then since 1905 warm sum-
Iners have predominated, but 1912-15 and '17 were comparatively
cool. The spell of greatest heat ever recorded in Ontario occurred
in the first week of July, 1911, when temperatures above 100 were
registered on several consecutive daxs in the peninsula of Ontario.
Fifty years of meteorological records afford no ground for belief
that the precipitation of the Dominion has changed with a gradual
deforestation and the general activities of man in covering the country
with a network of railways and wires carrying electrical currents.
'Tariations of a character which suggests cycles probably due to
cosnlÌcal causes are however quite apparent, but at the same time
perplexing, and it may be assumed with a high degree of probability
that there has been no permanent progressive change in either rainfall
or snow.
The 'Vinnipeg records and also records from a shorter term
of years in the West indicate that the eighties included more dry
summers than in any corresponding period since, while the Alberta
records sho,v a remarkable period of about six ,vet summers from
1899 to 1904 and again from 1911 to 1915.
'Vhile 1878 was the year of greatest precipitation in Ontario,
and also the summer of greatest rainfall, the seventies as a whole
had dry summers. In the eighties the summers of '80 and '83 and
'85 were wet and the others about normal excepting '87 which was
very dry. In the nineties the summers of '95, '96 and '98 and '99
were particularly dry, while the other years had an ample but not

CLIJIATE SIJ:.lCE CONFEDERA.TION

167

exc '

ive rainfall.
ince 190U the SUUBners of 1007 1911 and 1913
"l
re exceptionally ùry, ".hil(' others \verc nearÍ y nornlal. ...\.t
:\Iontrf'al the year iU1I1H'diately succeeding Confederation and 1915
wcre the years of least prccipitation and 18G9, 1885 and 1900 were
tht.'\ y('ar of grpatest precipitation. The decade conlll1encing 1870
'V:l
that ?f leuf't precipih
tio
l al
ù that conlnlencing 1900 of greatest.
IIerc agaul ,,'c have no IndIcatIon of progressive change.
rrhe rccord
of precipitation Inade at IIalifax since 18G8 sho\v no
('vidence of progrcssive chang,e during the fifty years \vhich have
phl}):-\eù. During the fir:-:t decade the average annual precipitation
,vas 54 inches, durin
the
ccond 58 inche
, the thirù 57, the fourth 58,
the fifth 54 in('hes. rrhe ,yettest years in each decade ,vere 1884 1888
- , ,
lSDt), In07, 1908, 1910 ,vith total prc('ipitation rc
pectively as follo,vs:
64, U7, 70, U4, U5, US inches. l'he drie:;t years ,vere 18G8, 1879,
18bO, 18û4, 1903, 1914, 191G, the respective totals being 50, 48, 47,
43, is, 18, 1G inches. In the first decade thf' greatest annual snowfall
"-as 125 inche
and the least 29 inchf'
. In the second decade these
figurf's bec:ulle rcspectively 13-1 inches and 32 inches; in the third
108 and ,')O! inches, in the fourth 108 and 53, and in the fifth 101 and
;{
. III January, ISO.!, 5G inch('s of
no'v fell, ,vhile in October, 189ß,
15 inches of rain ,vere recorded on a total of 20 days.
I n the seven ties and early eighties there were many more years
".ith heavy sno,vfalls in ::\Iarch in Ontario and Quebec than have
occurred in any period of equal len
th since then. The result ,vas
to make the annual average snowfall for that period considerably
higher than the normal, although the annual total precipitation in
year
".ith a :-\no"")'
Iarch ".a
frequently belo\v nornlal. Lack of
observations for this period in the \vestern provinces, except at 'Vin-
nipeg, leave
us restricted to a consideration of the years since 1883.
The IllO:;t reluarkable features of the ,vestern snowfalls was the change
fronl light to heavy ::;no,vfalls .which occurred in the nineties. If
,\.e consider the decades 1885-1894, 1895-1904, 1905-1914, and form
t he a vera
e annual totals of sno,vfalls for these, ,ve find at l\Iedicine
lla t, 20 inches in the first decade, 45 inches in the second, 24 inches in
the third. _\.t Edlnonton the figures are, respectively, 36, 52, 39
inches; at Calgary 37,51 and 42; at Qu'Appelle 45,70 and 51. At
'Yinnipeg, ho,vever, the sequence is different, the respective decadal
averages running 52, 43!, 50!. At Prince Albert the first of these
decades is missing, but the second two have averages of 58! and 48!
,vhich sufficiently resemble the other records, as do also the figures
for these two decades at Battleford, viz., 35 and 24.
The dates and degree of late spring and early autumn frosts in
the ".estern provinces are not quite conclusive, but the general
inference from the longer records combined with those of short
period, is that there has been no appreciable change since the early
days of settlement. In Eastern Canada, however, it may be that the
diminishing liability to frost in the \varmer nlonths results from
deforestation, but the question is one that must be investigated
further.

168

CLIJIATE A}..YD lYIETEOROLOGY

THE WEATHER OF CANADA DURING THE YEAR 1919.

Information furnished by the Dominion l\Ieteorological Service, Toronto.
JANUARY.
Temperature.-Over the greater part of the Prairie Provinces the tempera-
ture was very much higher than usual, the departures from the normal values
ranging from 12 0 to 24 0 . In British Columbia (except Vancouver Island), and in
Northwestern Ontario the excess over the normal was from 6 0 to 12 0 . In Southern
Ontario the excess was generally about 6 0 , while in Qupbec, the ß:Iaritime Provinces
and on Vancouver Island the excess was smaller, generally about 3 0 . In the 1\Iac-
kenzie River Basin and in the Yukon the excess ranged from 50 to 14 0 .
Precipitation.-In the Maritime Provinces and the greater part of Quebec
the total precipitation differed little from the normal but in the lower latitudes of
British Columbia th('re was a considerable excess. Elsewhere in Canada there was
a fairly large deficiency.
Winds and Bright Sunshine.-There was a great preval('nre of winds from
a southwesterly direction in Ontario and Quebec, while in other provinces the
northwesterly gradi('nt was less in evidence than usual. East of the Ottawa
River and in Korthwestern Ontario there was a considerable deficiency of bright
sunshine.

FEBRUARY.

Temperature.-"\Vest of the Lakes of l\fanitoba the temperature was lower
than the normal, the greatest deficiency (about 80) occurring in the Peace River
country. East of the Lakes of
Ianitoba there was a general excess over normal
temppratun', the greatest excess being about JO o to 12 0 in tllP Abitibi region and
probably extending into the Ungava region.
Precipitation.-The excess over normal precipitation was very marked in
the interior valleys of British Columbia and in Saskatchewan, and to a lesser degree
in Northwestern Ontario. From the Ottawa River to the Altantic Ocean, as well
as in Southern Ontario there was a general deficiency.
Winds and Bright Sunshine.- The predominating directions in Eastern
Canada were westerly; but with a considerable proportion from the southwest in
Ontario and Quebec. In Western Canada (except British Columbia), the pre-
vailing direction was from the northwest. Strong winds, in Eastern Canada,
occurred on about half the days in the month.
In Eastern Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick, there was an excess of bright
sunshine, while elsewhere there was a general deficiency.

MARCH.
Temperature.-From Lake Superior to the Atlantic Ocean the temperature
was higher than thp normal, the greatest departures occurring in the Abitibi and
James Bay regions. In the Lower Lakes and St. Lawrence regions the excess was
generally from 2 0 to 50. From l\Ianitoba to the Rockies and in the basins of the
Churchill, Athabasca, Peace and Mackenzie, as well as in the Yukon, there were
large negative departures from normal. The coldest region was that drained by
the Athabasca, Peace and 1\1ackenzie where the mean temperature was about 14 0
below normal. In the lower interior valleys of British Columbia as well as on
Vancouver Island tne temperature differed little from normal.
Precipitation.-In the lower interior of British Columbia and in Ontario and
'Vestprn Quebec there was a considerable excess over the normal precipitation.
Winds and Bright Sunshine.-The northwest and northeast directions pre-
dominated with occasional gales from the southwest and southeast. Except in
Ontario the duration of bright sunshine was g('nerally somewhat below the normal.
APRIL.
Temperature.-Except in the Lower Lake region, along the Upper St. Law-
rence and on the coast of British Columbia, thp mean temperature was higher
than the normal. In the wheat regions of the Western Provinces the excess over

lrE..1 'rll rR OF CA ..Y..1 D.1 DU III }"?G 1919

lG9

normal telU}wrahln' varied frolll 1 0 to
o. Elscwhl'rc, t;xccpt in the country ahout
Athabmwa and Grt'at
lavP Lak('
. the ditTl'rcncc from normal was not so huge.
Precipita tion.- O\"l'r by far t he
rpatl'r part of Canada t hp total prt'('ipita-
tion wa
in t'
Ct'
:-i of t h(' normal. 1."11(' notpworthy '",ccptions were the I
ootl'nays
and X ortlwrn :\Ianitoba.
""inds nnd nri
h t Sunshine.-(jalps Wl'rp fpw but tIlt're wcre many ùays
"ith strong \\ind
. In Alht'rta th(' prevailing "inùs w('rt' frmu the f:outhpast and
nortlnn>
t, in
a
katchcwan from tlw :-.outh(,fif:t and northca8t, in l\lanitoba from
tlw nortlu':l:-,t. In Ontario tlu' frf'qlH'IH'y was Il'ast fronl the south and sout1wast,
whilt' in Kova
'otia, southwcst('rlips prpdominatt'd.
EX(,t'pt in the nt'ighhourhood of thp Rocky mountain
a large deficiency of
bright sun
hinf' was rt'ported, csppcially large frUlll Lakc II uron to the Atlantic.

l\IAY.

Tenlperature.-From ".('-,(('rn Queh('c to thp Rod"y l\lountains the ITll'an
tt'IllIH'raturf' \\as higlwr than thp normal with thp t'x('pption of a portion of RoutllPrn
Ontario and flU' country Iwar Lake \thaha:-:ea. Tlw greatl'st dcparturcs from th("
normal occurred in l\lanitoba wherp thf'Y ranged from +60 to +go. In Brit i:-:h
Columhia arul till" Yukon tIlt' lIH'an tf'm}H'raturc "as for t]w most part frOln 2 0 to 4 0
bf'low normal, whilc in the Atlantic and Gulf rl'gions thf' ditTl'rl'llces froUl normal
"I're hot h po:-,itivl' and ncgat ivc but gt'nl'rally I::Inlall.
Precipitation.-In thp low('r interior valll')"s of Briti...h Columbia, in south('rn

\lberta,
a
h.atrll('wan,
Ianitoba, Korthwestl'rn Ontario, Northweí'tt'rn Quelwc,
th(' total prf'C'ipitation was It'f:
than till' normal, ('onsiùl'rahly So in northprn Haf:kat-
cl1l'wan. Eb('whcre thl're was an e
('('

, which \\as notably large in f'outhl'rn
Ontario.
\\"inds and nri
ht Sunshine.-t;trong "inds Wl'r(' le
s fr('qul'nt than in the
pn'('('tling month hut winds from ea
terly quadrants lar
('ly preùominatt'd. Cloudi-
nc!--s appeared to be much grcatpr than u
ual in the Yukon and ::\Ifiekenzie River
district..., while southeMl latitudes of th(' "('stprn Provinces r('ported an excess of
bright 8un
hine. In Eastprn Canada thp doudinl'ss ditT('r('(1 but littlc fron1 the
norm31.

JeXE.
Temperature.-From th(" foothills of the Rocki("s and Lake Athabasca to
thf' Gulf of
t. La" renep and J
astern L"ngava the mean tt'mperaturps were gl'n-
crally from 50 to go above normal and in no case below normal. In Britif:h Columbia,
the "\ ukon, and the Peace and )Iackenzie basins thf're were fairly large nf'gative
dcpartllrl':' frmn normal temperature while in the l\laritime Provinces conditions
were nparly normal.
Precipitation.-For the most part thf' precipitation of this month was
df'ficicnt, eí'pcC'ially in Alberta and Saskatchewan, but l\lanitoba and the Peace
Rivcr di
trict as well as the Yukon had an excess.
'Yinds and Bright Sunshine.-V{("st of the OUa"n, Rivcr strong winds werf'
infrequent. Ovcr the greater area of Canada there wus an excess over normal of
bright sun
hine.

JrLY.
Temperature.-Higher than normal temperaturcs continued to prevail in
thp wheat regions and in Ontario and 'Vest ern Qupbec. In Southern 1\lanitoba
and in Saskatchcwan the excess was generally about 4 0 . In the Great Slave region,
as wpll as on both Bea-coasts, temperature was lower than the normal.
Precipitation.-In this month the rainfall continued to be below the normal
in nearly all parts of Canada. Exceptions to the general deficiency were the Peace
River country, Xorthern British Columbia, the Yukon Territory and parts of
Quebec and i\ cw Brunswick. In 1\lanitoba there were also some localities which
received normal rainfall but in the western wheat districts generally the dl'ficiency
amounted to about fifty per cent of the normal.

170

CLIMATE AND l'vIETEOROLOGY

Winds and Bright Sunshine.-There were few days with high winds in
any of the provinces. The duration of bright sunshine was much greater than
usual in British Columbia and considerably above average in Southern Ontario.
In the Eastern provinces there was a general but 'small deficiency.

AUGUST.
Temperature.-Temperature continued higher than the normal in nearly
all parts of Canada except the coast regions. In the wheat belt the excess over
normal was from 4 0 to 6 0 .
Precipitation.-In some parts of the Western Provinces there was an excess
over normal rainfall, but in l\1anitoba there was a general deficien
y. In British
Columbia only the Kootenays had an excess. In Eastern Canada, only in Southern
Ontario and Nova Scotia was there an excess.
Winds and Bright Sunshine.-High winds were of infrequent occurrence
during the month.
Cloudiness was greater than the normal east of the Great Lakes while in many
districts of Western Canada there was more than the normal amount of bright
sunshine.

SEPTEMBER.

Temperature.-Over by far the greater part of Canada the mean temperature
was above the normal. The exceptions within the field of observation comprised
the western shores of Hudson and James Bays, Northwestern Quebec and small
areas in British Columbia, and in the Maritime Provinces. Over the greater part
of the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie basins the excess over normal was from 3 0
to 50.
Precipitation.-In Eastern Saskatchewan, Southern Alberta, the greater part
of Southern Ontario and a part of western l\lanitoba, the precipitation exceeded
the normal amount. Elsewhere there was a deficiency, which was especially
large west of the Rocky Mountains.
Winds and Bright Sunshine.- The wind movement, although greater than
in the summer months, was rather less than the normal for this time of year. The
general direction was northwesterly on the prairirs, southwesterly in Ontario and
Nova Scotia, and variable elsewhere. In British Columbia and Alberta there
was more than the normal duration of bright sunshine. Elsewhere in Canada
with local exceptions there was a deficiency.

OCTOBER.
Temperature.-Very much colder weather than usual prevailed over all
Canada except Southern Ontario, and small districts on the Pacific and Atlantic
coasts. On the Central Plains the mean temperatures were 14 0 below normal.
In the interior valleys of British Columbia they were from 4 0 to 6 0 below normal,
on the Hudson Bay slopes 4 0 to 8 0 below, in Quebec and the lYlaritime Provinces
from 0 0 to 3 0 below. In Southern Ontario they ranged from normal to 4 0 or 50
above.
Precipitation.-Except in the coast regions of British Columbia and locally
in the Prairie Provinces as well as in the l\laritime Provinces, there was a large
excess over normal precipitation. In many districts of the Prairie Provinces twice
the usual amount was recorded.
Winds and Bright Sunshine.-The general direction of the wind remained
southwesterly in Southern Ontario, but in most other parts of Canada there was a
strong northwesterly component. The gale of the 28th and 29th affected most
of eastern Canada and attained a velocity of more than 50 miles per hour at many
points.
Except in British Columbia there was a fairly general excess of cloudiness in
Canada during October.

lrE
1TIIHR OF CA
'..tlj)
1 Dc.:N/YO 191.1I

171

i\ OYE
nER.

Tenlpccature.-On thp Central Plains of "-pstprn Canada the w('ather ('on-
tinued abnormally cold. TIH' mean tpllllwratuf(':-; tlH'rp ranged frolll 10 0 to 15 0
bdow normal. In southprn British Columbia, iu the intprior valky
, thp ddìcieney
amounted to from 4 0 to {)O, in the' Yukon to R O , in Ì\orth\\('stprn Ontario to from
2 0 to So. In the Lowpr Lakrs and St. LawrPlH'p HqÚon tPl1lpprahlr('R wpre mor('
sea
onablp and in mo:,t of X ova S('otia we're a little hiJ?;lH'r than normal.
Precipitation.-In thp \Yp
tern })rovince'R tllP prp('ipitation continued to bp
very heavy for this s('ason of thp yC'ar. In Briti:--h Columhia rxcl'pt in the Kootenays
and tllP I:-;l:md:i prpeipitat ion was al
o nbo\"p normal. In Southern Ontario th('rc
was a deficiency anù in th(' :\laritimc Provincps an excp:-;:,.
\\'inds and Bright Sunshine.-Th(' stronJ?; gaIt' from the southw(\st of the
30th affected all Canarla from Ontario pa
tward. Unll's were of
('Il('rnl o('('urre'I1('('
on about 4 days in ('a:,tt'rn Canada. The' general direction of the wind rpmaillf d
soutll'wpstprly in Sout hern Ontnrio.
E).cppt in l\lanitoba, and in high latitudes elsewhere, tlwre was more than
normal cloudin('!-;s.

ÐLCE'IBER.
Temperature.-Tt'mp('raturps \\"('r(' b('low normal in all parts of Canaòa
('''{c('pt in th(' lower
lack('nzip Valley. In \Vestern Canada tl1('Y \\ erp 3 0 to go
he'IO\\ norlllal, and in tl1(' Hainy Hiver and I
akp Sup('rior districts go to 12 0 b('low
normal; anù in the Lo\\cr Lake's and t;t. I.awre'nc(' region 3 0 to fiO 1)('10\\ normal.
Precipitation.-J.'rOlI1 l\lanitoba to the Atlantic Ocean there was a gpn('ral
deficiency while in the I"(,:,t of Canada the prp('ipitation was irregularly distributt'd,
but "ith the majority of ùistricts having a deficienC'y.
\Yinds and Bright Sunshinc.- Strong winds or gales occurred on mor(' than
half the days of th(' month in Ea:-:tprn Canada. The ma).imum forc(' of thp f'trong
galp of thf' 10th anò the 11th was not fplt in Ontario but its vplocity exceeded 50
mil('s per hour in Quebpc anù the :\laritime Provinces.
Thp amount of bright bunshine was much above the average in nearly all
parts of Cnnada, pxc('pt
outhe'rn Ontario, and parts of Saskatclwwan and Alberta,
where the difference from normal was small.

NOTE ON TE"IPERATURi: AND PRECIPITATION.
TEMPERATURE.-At the Stations of the Dominion ,reteorological
ervice the highes1
and lowest temperature in each 24 hours, termed respectively the maximum and the mini-
mum, are recorded by self-registering thermometers. For any month the sum of the
daily ma.\.imd., divided by the number of days of the month, i'3 the mean maximum tem-
perature of that month. The minimum temperature b obtained in a similar manner.
The half sum of the mean maximum and the mean minimum is called the mean temperature.
The averag:es of the!'e results for any particular month over a period of years are the average
means for that period and are used as normal means or temperatures of reference. The
highest and lowest temperatures recorded during the whole period of years are termed
the extreme ma>..imum and extreme minimum respectively. These latter figures are of
course to be regarded as extraordinary, the more unlikely to recur the longer the period
from which they have been derived. Temperatures below zero have the minus sign(-)
prefixed. The mean v.inter temperature is based on the records of January, February,
March, November and December, and the mean summer temperature is based on those
of June, July and August.
PRECIPITATIO:S.- L nder the collective term "precipitation" is included all moisture
which has been precipitated from the atmosphere upon the earth: min, snow, hail, sleet,
etc. The amount of moisture is conveniently measured by determining the depth to whiC'h
it has accumulated upon an impervious surface, and is always expressed in inches of depth.
The total depth of snow is tabulated separately, but is added to the depth of rain after
division by ten. An extended series of experiments in melting and mesauring snow having
been collated, the rule was deduced that a given fall of snow will, in melting, diminish
on the average to one-tenth of its original depth. This rule is used in practice, All solid
forms of precipitation other than snow are included in the tables of rain.

172

CLIMATE A/I/D
IETEOROLOGY

1.- Normal Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Canadian Stations.

VICTORIA, B.C.
Observations for 30 years.

Temperature OF.

Months.

fean
Daily.

Mean
Daily
Max.

Precipitation in inches.

:Mean High- Low-
Daily est. est.
Min.

Mean
Daily
range.

A

verages. Extremes.
--
Snow. Total. Greatest. Least..
-
6.3 4.51 6.54 2.56
4.5 3.53 6.20 0.96
1.5 2.55 4.58 0.67
S 1.73 5.40 0.21
- 1.30 2.83 0.35
- 0.93 2.37 0.08
- 0.36 1.15 R
- 0.65 2.26 0.00
- 2.01 4.27 0.32
- 2.55 5.60 0.46
1.5 6.46 11.50 0.91
0.5 5.91 12.41 1.66
-
14.3 32.49 51.03 22.58

Rain.

- - -- -
Jan.......... 39.2 43.5 35.0 56.0 -2.0 8.5 3.88
Feb......... 40.3 45.0 35.6 60.0 6.0 9.4 3.08
March..... .. 43.1 49.2 37.0 68.0 17.0 12.2 2.40
April.. . . . . . . 47.7 54.9 40.6 75.0 24.0. 14.3 1.73
May........ . 53.0 60.7 45.3 83.0 31.0 15.4 1.30
June........ . 57.1 65.1 49.0 88.0 36.0 16.1 0.93
July........ . 60.3 69.2 51.2 90.0 37.0 18.0 0.36
Aug......... 60.0 68.8 51.2 88.0 37.0 17.6 0.65
Sept. .. . . . . . . 55.6 63.3 47.9 85.0 30.0 15.4 2,01
Oct. .. h . . . . . 50.4 56.0 44.8 70.0 28.0 11.2 2.55
Nov......... 44.5 48.6 40.5 63.0 17.0 8.1 6.31
Dec......... 41.5 45.1 37.8 59.0 8.0 7.3 5.86
- - -----
year........ 49.4 55.8 43.0 90.0 -2.0 12.8 131.06
VANCOUVER, B.C.
Observations for 30 years.

an........ " 35.0 39.2 30.9 55.0 2.0 8.3 7.12 14.4 8.56 10.54 6.08
eb... 37.8 43.1 32.5 58.0 10.0 10.6 5.90 3.2 6.22 10.17 2.6
larch.... .. . 41.9 49.0 34.8 61.0 15.0 14.2 4.31 1.5 4.46 10.29 0.89
pril.. .. . . . . 47.0 55.8 38.3 79.0 27.0 17.5 3.09 - 3.09 5.29 1.04
lay...... . . 53.5 62.3 44.7 80.0 33.0 17.6 3-56 - 3.56 5.39 1.44
une.. ....... 58.4 67.7 49.1 88.0 36.0 18.6 2.82 - 2.82 5.42 1.43
uly........ . 63.2 73.3 53.0 90.0 43.0 20.3 1.33 - 1.33 2.45 0.32
ug......... 61.5 71.0 52.0 92.0 39.0 19.0 1.71 - 1.71 5.86 0.22
ept. . . . . . . .. 55.7 64.0 47.4 82.0 30.0 16.6 4.29 - 4.29 9.09 1.61
ct......... . 49.2 55.7 42.6 69.0 23.0 13.1 5.69 - 5.69 9.20 1.76
ov......... 42.4 47.1 37.6 63.0 15.0 9.5 10.97 3.1 11.28 18.99 4.18
ec........ . 38.9 42.8 35.0 58.0 I 17.0 7.8 7.27 2.9 7.56 9.55 4.21
- - - - -- - - --
ear....... . 48'71 56.0 41.5 92.0 2.0 14.5 58.06 25.1 60.57 72.29 52.27

o

J
F
1\
A

J
J
A
S
o
N
D
Y

PORT SIMPSON, B.C.
Observations for 20 years.
Jan......... . 34.0 40.0 28.1 {)4.0 - 9.0 11.9 '.64 9.8 8.62 16.74 1.08
Feb......... 34.8 41.8 27.7 63.0 -10.0 14.1 4.89 11.8 6.07 16.65 1.93
Mar.. .. . . . . . 37.6 44.8 30.3 63.0 11.0 14.5 4.53 5.3 5.06 8.16 1.41
April.. . . 41.6 49.9 33.4 73.0 18.0 16.5 4.55 3.0 4.85 14.31 2.24
May. . . .. . . . . 48.3 56.5 40.0 79.0 27.0 16.5 5.14 5.14 9.84 1.63
June........ . 52.8 60.5 45.1 88.0 34.0 15.4 4.26 4.26 7.50 1.20
July...... . .. 56.0 63.3 48.8 88.0 36.0 14.5 4.42 4.42 9.41 1.28
Aug......... 56.7 63.8 49.5 80.0 31.0 14.3 6.93 6.93' 14.11 1.74
Sept..... . 52.2 59.1 45.2 74.0 30.0 13.9 9.03 9.03 14.63 2.20
Oct......... . 47.1 53.5 40.7 65.0 28.0 12.8 12.21 12.21 16.99 6.71
Nov......... 39.7 45.6 33.7 65.0 6.0 11.9 11.31 1.6 11.47 23.90 3.26
Dec......... 36.9 42.6 31.2 62.0 5.0 11.4 9.24 8.7 10.11 18.82 5.23
-----------
year........ 44.8 51.8 37.8 88.0 -10.0 14.0 84.15 40.2 88.17 126.48 62.05

TElIPER ITURP LY/) J>RErIPI1 t tTIO..\

173

1. -Xormal Temperature and Prerlpltatlnn at "'\,'lectNI ('anadl:m Stcltlon
-con.
K -\MLOOP8, B.C.
Obseryations for 22 years.

Temperature of. Pr('('ipitation in in('he
.
)Iontha. 'IC.lD 'I ('an 'I can lIill;h- Low- 'I NlD \ vera es. Extremes.
Daily. Daily Daily e
t. est. I>uily -

I ax. \Iin: ranll;e. Rain. :o-no\\. Total. Greatest. J cast.
- - - - - - -
(a) (b)
Jan.. 22.4 28.3 16.5 54.0 -31.0 11.8 0.13 7.7 0.90 0.60 0.35
Feb...... ... 26.5 3
.4 19.6 6-1.0 -27.0 13.8 0.20 6.0 0.80 1.17 0.02
'br('h....... 37.6 47.3 27.8 70.0 - 6.0 19.5 0.20 1.2 0.32 0.8:i 0.01
April. . . . 49.7 61.1 38.3 9
.0 19.(1 22.8 0.36
0.31>> 1.3fl R
,lay. . . .. . .. . 57.5 7().3 44.8 100.0 26.0 25.5 0.9:i - 0.93 2.50 R
June........ . 6-1.6 76.4 52.7 101.0 35.0 2:J.7 1.23 - 1.2:3 3.07 0.57
July...... . . . 69.6 f;::!.7 56.5 102.0 42.0 26.2 1.27 - 1.27 3.50 0.35
.\UIZ:........ . 61\.1 80.9 5,1).4 101.0 3.').0 25.5 1.05 - 1.05 3.73 0.00

ept........ . 58.4 69.3 47.4 93.(1 ::!....O 21.9 0.94 - O.tll 2.34 0.10
Oct......... . 47.8 56.2 39.3 82.0 16.0 16.9 0.57 0.2 0.59 1.41 R

oy . . .. . . . . . 35.8 41.5 30.2 72.0 -22.0 1l.3 0.4() 6.5 1.05 1.2:i ().07
Dee. . . . . . . . . 20.8 32.6 24.9 59.0 -17.0 7.7 0.20 13.5 1.5" 0.G4 0.12
- - - - - - - - -
'Year. . . . . . . . 47.2 56.7 37.8 1O::!.0 -31.0 18.9 7..", 3;;.1 10.99 13.47 7.07

Rn.......... -24.6 -b.O -31.3 3().0 -61"1.0 13.3 0.00
.6 O.!-.I\ l.n R.
.cb..... .... -12.0 4.3 -19.6 &.').0 -55.0 23.9 R. 7.3 0.73 1.3;) 0.20
I ir. . . . . . . . . 5.6 16.5 - 5.3 5:?0 -47.0 21.8 0.()1 4.7 0.4
1.21 0.00
\pril..... .. . 27.6 4(1.2 15.1 67.0 -30.0 25.1 O.ls 4.7 0.r,.1) 1.6S 0.2

'lay. .. .. ... . 46.8 59.0 34.6 !\5.0 17.0 2&.4 0.83 0.4 0.87 2.00 0.25
une........ . 56.9 7n.3 43.6 \10.0 27.0 26.7 1. hi 0.3 1.21 2.66 0.25
uly. . . . . . . . . 59.4 71.9 46.8 9.').0 31.0 2.').1 1. fil - 1.61 3.32 0.62
ug... . 54.0 66.2 41.7 ...!J.O 23.0 24.5 1.51 - 1.51 2.38 0.07
cpt........ . 41.6 51.1 32.2 i:O;.O R.O 18.9 1.4() 1.8 1.58 3.52 0.8
ct......... . 26.4 32.7 20.1 6S'0 -22.0 12.6 0.29 8.8 1.17 4.09 0.1

ov. 0.4 6.4 - 5.6 46.0 -4....0 12.0 0.01 12.4 1.25 2.60 0.2
Dec........ . -10'2 -4.3 -16.1 38.0 -55.0 11.8 H. 10.9 1.09 2.09 0.0
- - - - - - - -
- ear....... . 22.6 33.0 13.0 95.0 -68.0 20.0 7.02 59.9 13.01 17.75 6.2

J
I-

J
J
A

o

'\:

D-\\\80
, ). \:I\.os.

Observations for 30 years.

6
o
4:
8
8

Jan..........
Feb.... _.
)Iar. . . . . . . . .
April.. .
'lay. . . . . . . . .
June........ .
July.........
.\ug... . . . . . .
:-\ept . ... ..
Oct.... ......
Xov.........
Dee. . . . . . . . .

5.9
10.6
23.4
40.8
51.2
57.3
61.2
59.0
50.4
41.7
24.5
16.0

Year.. . . . . . . 36.9

EDMOXTOX, ALBERTA.

Observations for 30 years.

15.6
21.1
34.9
52.9
64.4
70.1
73.7
71.6
62-9
53.2
33.3
24.7

57.0 -57.0
62.0 -57.0
72.0 -40.0
84.0 -15'0
90.0 10.0
94.0 25.0
94.0 33.0
90.0 26.0
87.0 12.0
f\2.0 -10.0
74.0 -37.0
60.0 -43.0

1.7
3.5
6.7
6.8

2.49
2.33
1.93
2.60
4.04
8.53
11.13
6.43
4.32
1.86
3.57
3.21
27.81

0.05
S
R.
0.04
0.2(\
0.00
0.15
0.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
O.CO
8.16

- 3.8
0.1
11.9
28.6
3
.1
44.4
4
.8
46.4
37.8
30.3
15.6
7.3

0.06
0.00
0.05
0.34
1.73
3.26
3.56
2.47
1.23
0.39
0.06
0.07

19.4
21.0
23.0
24.3
26.3
25.7
24.9
25.2
25.1
22.9
17.7
17.4

7.0
6.7
6.2
3.6
1.3
S

0.76
0.67
0.67
0.80
1.86
3.26
3.56
2.47
1.40
0.74
0.73
0.75

48.2

25.6 94.0 -57.0 22.6 13.42 42.5 17.67

174

CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY

t.-Normal Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Canadian Statlons-con.
:MEDICINE HAT. ALBERTA.
Observations for 30 years.
Temperature of. Precipitation in inches.
Months. Mean :\{ean Mean High- Low- Mean Averages. Extremes.
Daily. Daily Daily est. est. Daily
Max. :\1 in. range. Rain. Snow. Total. Greatest. Least.
------- - - --- -
Jan.......... 11.2 21.6 0.7 62.0 -51.0 20.9 0.00 6.1 0.61 1.72 0.00
Feb.... 12.8 23.5 2.1 64.0 -46.0 21.4 0.01 6.0 0.61 1.51 0.00
Mar......... 26.7 38.4 14.9 84.0 -38.0 23.5 0.11 5.0 0.61 1.62 S.
April.. . . . . . . 45.1 58.8 31.4 96.0 -16.0 27.4 0.37 2.4 0.61 2.26 0.03
May......... 54.7 68.0 41.5 99.0 12.0 26.5 1.70 0.5 1.75 6.29 0.12
June........ . 62.5 75.6 49.3 107.0 30.0 26.3 2.57 S. 2.57 5.62 0.00
July. . . . . . . . . 68.4 82.7 54.1 108.0 36.0 28.6 1.73 1.73 4.86 0.09
Aug......... 66.0 80.7 51.4 104.0 31.0 29.3 1.51 1.51 5.65 0.00
Sept........ . 56.5 70.2 42.7 94.0 17.0 27.5 0.88 0.4 0.92 2.41 0.00
Oct......... . 45.8 58.7 32.9 93.0 -10.0 25.8 0.51 1.1 0.62 3.48 0.00
Nov......... 29.3 39.9 18.7 76.0 -36.0 21.2 0.08 6.4 0.72 3.11 R.
Dec......... 21.1 31.0 ll.2 68.0 -37.0 19.8 0.06 4.7 0.53 1.42 0.00
---.- - - -- -
year........ 41.7 51.4 29.2 108.0 -51'0 22.2 11.53 32.6 12.79 22.28 6.72

FORT VERMILION, ALBERTA.
Observations for 18 years.
Jan.......... - 14.8 - 2.5. - 27.1 50.0 -73.0 24.6 0.00 4.7 0.47 1.80 0.15
Feb......... - 3.9 9.7 - 17.5 53.0 -58.0 27.2 0.00 3.7 0.37 0.65 0.20
Mar.... 11.8 26.0 - 2.4 63.0 -41 0 28.4 0.01 7.0 0.71 1.70 0.00
April... . . . . . 32.0 44.5 19.5 78.0 -29.0 25.0 0.23 6.1 0.84 1.85 0.00
:\Iay. . . . . . . . . 49.3 63.3 35.3 93.0 13.0 28.0 0.78 0.6 0.84 2.06 0.00
June... ...... 57.9 72.2 43.7 98.0 26.0 28.5 1.65 0.1 1.66 3.44 0.25
July. . .. .. . .. 61.0 75.2 46.9 94 0
.O 28 3 1.60 1.60 3.49 0.51
Aug....... 57.1 70.4 43.8 101.0 28.0 26.6 1.57 1.57 3.32 0.53
Sept. . .. . . . . . 47.3 58.2 36 4 84 0 9.0 21.8 1 40 o 1 1.41 2.33 0.64
Oct.......... 33.1 43.1 23.1 70.0 -14.0 20.0 0.26 2.1 0.47 0.81 0.00
Nov......... 14.0 22.4 5.6 48.0 -26.0 16.8 0.02 7.2 0.74 1.40 o 20
Dec......... - 1.7 10.2 - 13.6 65.0 -500 23 8 0.00 5.0 0.50 1.60 0.20
- - - - -- - - - -
year........ 28.6 41.1 16.1 101.0 -73.0 25.0 7.52 36.6 11.18 14.78 7.60
FORT CHIPEWYAN, ALBERTA.
Observations for 16 years.
. 3.5 45.0 -55.0 16.9 0.00 0.90 0.02
Jan....... .,. - 11.9 - - 20.4 9.0 1.68
Feb......... - 9.1 0.5 - 18.7 46.0 -56.0 19.2 R. 5.8 0.58 2.03 0.03
}Iar. . . . . . . . . 5.0 15.1 - 5.0 47.0 -41.0 20-1 R. 5.8 0.58 1.58 0.09
April.. . . . . . . 28.5 39.4 17.6 69.0 -22.0 21.8 0.20 4.4 0.64 3.04 0.06
May......... 44.5 53.8 35.1 83.0 - 3.0 18.7 0.65 1.6 0.81 2.08 0-.02
June........ . 54.0 64.6 43.3 90.0 24.0 21.3 1.56 0.1 1.57 3.31 0.10
July. . .. . . . . . 61.5 71.0 51.9 93.0 26.0 19.1 2.64 2.64 9.52 0.21
Aug......... 58.1 68.1 48.2 89.0 25.0 19.9 1.64 1.64 3.67 0.39
Sept. .. . ., . . . 45.2 53.0 37.3 79.0 13.0 15.7 1.63 1.1 1.74 2.93 0.27
Oct.......... 33.7 40.1 27.3 66.0 -9.0 12.8 0.75 4.3 1.18 5.30 0.02
Nov......... n.o 17.9 4.2 56.0 -33.0 13.7 0.91 8.6 1.77 2.28 0.26
Dec......... 2.2 10.3 - 5.9 49.0 -48.0 16.2 0.92 9.1 1.83 3.20 0.09
--- ----.- ----
year........ 26.9 35.8 17.9 90.0 -56.0 17.9 10.90 49.8 15.88 16.99 6.70

TI
'J[Pf.'R.l TURP: A.\"D PRECIPITATIO..Y

175

1.- ",ormal Tt'mpt"rature and I-rerlpltatlon at '-'rlected Canadian Station!) -con.
Qu' ..c\.PPELLJ:, S.AJ:iK.
Observations for 30 ;years.

TemJX'mturoOF.

Prt'cipitation in inches.

ronth!!.

1\1 pun
Daily.

)Ienn
J>ailv
\Iax:

1
3n Hill;h- Low--
Daily c
t. est.
Min.

h.l1n
Daily
r8lijte.

Ita

\ \ eruges. xtremcs.
in.
no\\ . Total. Greatest. I..em"t.
-
.00 6.9 0.69 2.28 0.05
.00 8.1 0.81 2.85 0.12
.06 9.6 1.02 4.11 0.05
43 6.7 1.10 3.59 0.29
.40 3.1 2.71 6.95 0.25
.69 H 3.69 7.19 0.32
.M - 2.84 7.25 0.58
.0-1 - 2.04 5.03 0.30
.2S 1.0 1.3... 4.61 0.08
.53 4.5 0'9S 3.35 S.
.14 H.4 0.98 2.51 0.12
.01 7.1 0.72 3.11 0.03
-
.42 55.4 18.96 26.47 10.14

E

Jan.......... - 0.6 R.5 - 9.7 50.0 -47.0 1".2 0
Feb......... 2.0 11.2 - 7.2 50.0 -55.0 18.4 0

Iar......... 11..0 25.7 6.2 76.0 -45.0 19.5 0
.\pril........ 37.3 49.1 :l5.5 89.0 -24.0 23.6 ()..

Iu\".. ..... 4ð.9 62.4 37.3 92.0 8.0 25.1 2
June......... 59.6 70.8 4
.4 101.0 25.0 2:!.4 3
July......... 63.8 75.9 51.7100.0 34.0 24.2 2
.\ug......... 61.1 n.3 48.9 JOO.O 27.0 24.4 2

cpt......... 52.0 64.0 39.99.J.0 12.0 24.11
Oct..... .... 40.8 51.5 30.2 86.0 -)
.O 21.3 0
Nov......... 21.8 30.4 13.3 73.0 -30.0 17.1 0
Dee......... 10.7 18.5 2.8 49.0 -40'0 1 15.7 0
year........ 34.5 45.1
3.9 101.0 -55.0 21.2 13

PRlSC. ALB"RT. S-\:'K.
Observations for 30 year.!.
Jan.......... - 5.9 5.3 -17.1 53.0 -67.0 22.4 0.00 8.2 0.82 2.00 0.22
Feb ........ - 1.3 11.3 -13.9 52.0 -70.0 25.2 0.01 6.8 0.69 2.15 0.04
1tlar. . . . . . . . . 12.1 26.2 - 2.1 68.0 -44.0 28.3 0.10 7.7 0.87 2.56 0.17
April..... .. . 36.1 48.7 23.6 86.0 -23.0 25.1 0.3x 4.4 0'b2 3.37 0.03

Iay . . . . . . . . . 48.9 62.6 35.2 90.0 2.0 27.4 1.34 1.6 1.50 4.87 0.01
June...... . 58.1 71.0 i5.1 96.0 17.0 25.9 2.67 2.67 7.36 1.00
July. ........ 62.0 74.2 49.8 93.0 33.0 24.4 2.31 2.31 5.31 0.17
.\uJ!:........ . 58.8 71.7 46.0 94.0 22.0 25.7 2.31 2.31 b.Ol R
:-\cpt.. .. .. .. . 49.4 61.7 37.1 87.0 14.0 24.6 1.32 0.7 1.39 2.94 0.09
(>ct...... .... 38.3 49.2 27.4 &1).0 - 5.0 21.8 0.57 2.3 0.80 1.97 0.10
Xov....... 18.5 27.4 9.5 66.0 -41.0 17.9 0.12 8.7 0.99 3.06 0
07
Dec......... 5.3 15.1 - 4.5 58.0 -57.0 19.6 0.01 8.0 0.81 2.61 0.19
- -- '-- - - -
1. ear. . . . . . . . 31.7 43.7 19.7 96.0 -70.0 24.0 11.13 48.4 15.97 29.88 9.25

"JXXIPEG,
hx.

Observations for 30 years.

Jan..... - 3.5 6.8 -13.8 42,0 -46.0 20.6 0.01 8.1 0.82 2.12 0.12
Feb......... - 0.5 1 ().. 7 -11.8 46.0 -46.0 22.5 0.01 7.4 0.75 1.80 0.09

[ar . . . . . . . . . 15.2 21).7 3.6 73.0 -37.0 23.1 0.21 9.6 1.17 3.00 0.29
April. . . . . . . . 38.7 5(}.1 27.4 90.0 -13.0 22.7 1.10 4.4 1.54 5.64 0.25

Iay . . . . . . . . . 51.5 64.5 .
1'0.5 94.0 11.0 26.0 2.06 0.9 2.15 6.38 0.11
June...... ... 62.6 74.9 50.2 101.0 21.0 24.7 3.03 - 3.03 6.30 0.45
July. ... .. . .. 66.2 is.l 54.3 96.0 35.0 23.8 3.25 - 3.25 7.14 0.87
Aug......... 62.7 75.0 50.4 103.0 30.0 24.6 2.18 - 2.18 4.75 0.77
Sept........ . 54.1 65.9 42.2 99.0 17.0 23.7 2.07 0.1 2.08 5.49 0.60
Oct.......... 41.6 52.0 31.3 85.0 - 3.0 20.7 1.22 1.4 1.36 5.67 0.29
Nov........ . 22.0 30.8 13.3 71.0 -33.0 17.5 0.17 8.2 0.99 2.34 0'06
!)ro......... 7.2 16.7 - 2.4 49.0 1-44.0 19.1 0.06 8.6 0.92 3.99 0.11
year........

- 1103.0 -46.0
15.37 "4;;- 20.24 28.40 14.38

176

CLIJ.1fATE AJ.VD METEOROLOGY

t.-Normal Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Canadian Stations-con.

PORT ARTHUR. ONT.
Observations for 30 years.

Months. Me
Dai

Temperature of. Precipitatio
---
an Mean Mean High- Low- Mean Averages.
lye Daily Dailv est. est. Daily
Max. )lin
range. Rain. Snow. Total.
- - -- - - - -
.2 17.1 - 4.6 48.0 -40.0 21.7 0.02 7.4 0.76
.2 19.7 - 3.3 52.0 -51.0 23.0 0.05 6.5 0.70
,6 30.8 8.4 70.0 -42.0 22.4 0.11 8.1 0.92
.6 44.7 26.4 78.0 - 3.0 18.3 1.19 3.6 1.55
.0 55.6 36.5 89.0 16.0 19.1 1.98 0,5 2.03
.1 67.2 47.0 91.0 20.0 20.2 2.69 - 2.69
.6 73.5 51.7 96.0 33.0 21.8 3.76 - 3.76
.0 70.6 47.5 94.0 31.0 23.1 2.77 - 2.77
.8 62.3 43.3 88.0 19.0 19.0 3.26 - 3.26
1.5 50.6 32.9 80.0 1.0 17.7 2.39 0.9 2.48
.7 34.6 18.7 69.0 -22.0 15.9 0.84 6.2 1.46
.4 22.7 4.1 51.0 -38.0 18.6 0.18 6,6 0.84
- - - - - - -
.7 45.8 25.7 96.0 -51.0 20.1 19.24 39.8 23.22

n in inches.

E
tremes.

Greatest. Least.

Jan.... _..... 6
Feb. . .. .. . .. 8
Mar. . . . . . . . . 19
April.. . . . . . . 35
May. . . . . .. . . 46
June......... 57
July. . . . . . . . . 62
Aug. . . . . . . . . 59
Sept......... 52
Oct. . . . . . . . . . 4
N ov . .. . . . . . . 26
Dec......... 13
Year. . .. . . . . 35

1.46 0.21
2.77 0.04
2.76 0.18
3.09 0.07
4.10 0.36
6.94 0-50
9.21 1.39
5.06 1.02
7.54 1.30
5.27 0.37
4.29 0.35
2.68 0.02
29.43 18.80

TORONTO, ONT.

Observations for 70 years.

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
o
N
D
Y

an.......... 22.1 29.1 15.2 58.0 -26.0 13.9 1.14 17.3 2.8í 5.72 0..61
eb........ . 21.7 29.2 14.1 54.0 -25.0 15.1 0.93 16.5
'5b 5.21 0.29
ar........ _ 29.0 36.3 21.9 75.0 -16.0 14.4 1.50 11.5 2 Ij
6.70 0.66
pril. . . . . . . . 41.4 49.6 33.3 90.0 6.0 16.3 2.15 2.5 2.4<. 4.90 0.09
ay......... 52.7 62.0 43.3 93.0 25.0 18.7 2.97 0.1 2.!:)
9.36 0.52
une........ . 62.6 72.4 52.9 97.0 28.0 19.5 2.76 - 2.70 8.09 0.57
uly. . . . . .
. . 68.1 77.9 58.2 103.0 39.0 19.7 3.04 - 3.04 5.63 0.36
ug....... _' 66.6 76.1 57.1 102.0 40.0 19.0 2.77 - 2.77 7.09 R
ept........ . 59.2 68.2 50.2 97.0 28.0 18.0 3.18 - 3.18 9.76 0.40
ct......... . 47.0 54.9 39.1 86.0 16.0 15.8 2.40 0.6 2.46 5.96 0.56
ov........ . 36.3 42.5 30.1 70.0 - 5.0 12.4 2.49 4.6 2.95 5.84 0.11
ec.... . . . . . 26.3 32.5 20.0 61.0 -21.0 12.5 1.53 13.0 2.83 6.00 0.47
-- - - - - -- - -
ear. . . . . . . . 44.4 52.6 36.3 103.0 -26.0 16.3 26.86 66.0 33.46 50.18 24.84

PARRY SOUND, ONT.
Observations for 40 years.
Jan...... .... 14.3 24.5 4.0 54.0 -38.0 20.5 0.87 31.5 4.02 7.75 1.76
Feb......... 13.7 24.9 2.6 58.0 -38.0 22.3 0.76 23.4 3.10 6.31 0.46

lar......... 23.5 34.3 12.8 71.0 -27.0 21.5 1.33 14.8 2.81 5.49 0.75
April.. . . . .. . 39.0 49.4 28.5 82.0 - 3.0 20.9 1.76 3.1 2.07 4.03 0.75
May......... 51.5 62.4 40.6 90.0 16.0 21.8 2.96 0.6 3.02 6.06 0.58
June. . . . . . . . . 61.8 72.7 50.9 94.0 31.0 21.8 2.47 2.47 5.47 0.70
July......... 66.5 76.9 56.1 98-0 37.0 20.8 2.80 2.80 0.92 1.10
Aug.... . . . . . 64.2 74.5 54.0 93.0 35.0 20.5 2.83 2.83 5.46 0.63
Sept....... . . 55.7 67.6 47.9 90.0 24.0 19.7 4.49 S. 4.49 8.43 1.52
Oct.......... 45.8 54.5 37.1 84.0 9 .0 17.4 3.92 0,.9 3.92 6.33 0.57
Nov......... 33.5 40.8 26.2 69.0 -20.0 14.6 4.12 14.9 4.12 7.33 2.09
Dec......... 20.5 29.7 11.4 56.0 -39.0 18.3 4,45 32.3 4.45 8.16 2.18
- - -- - - - - -
year........ 41.0 51.0 31.0 98.0 -39.0 20.0 27.95 121.5 40.10 50-30 31.59

1'EJIPERLt1'URFAX/) !>RECI Pl1'...1 TIOJ.V

177

1.-
orlllal T('ml)t'raturt' antI Prt't'lpltation at
(')t'cted ('anadlan StatlOI1!\-coo.
COTT-\Y, ONT.
Observations Cor 20 years.

Temperature of.

Pre<-ipitation in inchc$.

Months.

Jan..........
I'eh. . . . . . . . .
)Iar. . . . . . . . .
_\pril... ....

Iav. ........
Junè.........
July..... .. . .
.Au
.........

ept....... . .
Oct. . . . . . . . . .
N' ov . . . . . . . .
Dec.........

Year... .. . . . 46.2

'[t'an
Daily.

[ean
Daily
Max.

[l'
m Hill.h- Low-
j)'lIly

î in. e:òt. est.

1
3n
Daily
r
e.

22.0 31.6 12.3 62.0 -20.0 19.3
21.1 30.9 11.3 57.0 -25.0 19.6
32.R 42.8 22.8
O.O - 8.0 20.0
43.7 54.6 32.7 S7.0 10.0 21.9
55.6 67.6 43.6 9;).0 19.0 24.0
64.6 76.6 52.6 y.').O 30.0 24.0
70.6 83.0 58.2 100.0 36.0 24.8
6ö.9
1.6 56.2 100.0 35.0 25.4
61.6 74.4 48.9 97.0 26.0 25.5
49.4 61.7 37.1
5.0 10.0 24.6
37.8 47.9 27.8 74.0 8.0 20.1
26,4 35.0 17.9 70.0 -11.0 17.1

57.3

A \ erages. Extremes
n. :-::oow. Total. Greah'bt. I east.
-
9 11.8 2.77 6.01 1.45
1 10.1 2.62 6.16 1.11
0 6.8 2.58 6.30 1.07
4 2.1 2.55 4.54 0.47
b 0.2 3.60 6.76 1.48
H - 4.18 7.21 0.41
8 - 3.3S 7.0
0.66
9 - 2.49 5.66 0.00
8 - 2.18 5.50 1.09
8 0.1 2.49 5.36 1.07
0 2.7 2.67 5.04 1.05
2 8.2 2.64 4.42 0.90
-
5 42.0 34.15 38.97 26.67

Hai

I..')
1.6
1.9
2.3
3.5
4. ]
3.3
2.4
2.1
2.4
2.4
1.:>

35.1 100.0 -25.0 22.2 29.9

Jan........ '.
Feb... . . . . . .

Iar . . . . . . . . .
April. . . . . . . .
::\Iay........ .
June........ .
July. . . . . . . . .
Aug....... ..
Sept....... . .
Oct..........

ov.........
Dec.... .....
,...
year........

6.4
7.8
19.4
37.1
50.8
61.7
ß6.0
62.2
55.3
43.0
2J.2
13.6

17.4
14.0
21.6
,g'-O
6
.2
73.4
76.8
72.7
64.9
51.5
35.2
22.0

- 4.6 48.0
- 3,4 4"'.0
8.2 66.0
26.2 81.0
39., 93.0
50.0 100.0
55.4 102.0
51.8 !U.O
45.7 91.0
34.4
O'O
21.1 67.0
5.2 51.0

H.-\ILEYBURY, O
T.

Observations Cor 20 years.

-40.0 1
-48.0
-34.0
- 3.0
1,.0
2b'0
36.0
30.0
24.0
13.0
-15.0
-34.0

22.0
17.4
13.4
21.8
22.8
23.4
21.4
29.9
]9.2
17.1
14.1
16.8

0.27
0.20
0.52
1.25
2.83
2.91
2.72
2.
b
2.31
2,5S
0.99
0.75

--------

Jao..........
Feb. . . . . . .

[ar .. . . . . . . .
April.. . . . . . .
:May. . . . . . . . .
June...... .. .
July. . .., ...
Aug..... ....
Sept....... . .
Oct..........
Nov.........
Dec. . . . . . . . .

37.1

12.7
l-i.3
24.6
41.3
52.9
63.9
69.1
66.1
58.5
46.0
33.3
19.6

46.7

20.8
21.8
31.7
49.3
61.6
73.6
77.4
74.0
66.2
52.9
39.2
26.5

27.5 102.0 1 -48.0 19.2 20.21 95.2

::\IOXTREAL, QUE.
Observations Cor 50 years.

4.6
6.8
17.4
33.4
44.3
54.3
60.8
58.2
50.8
39.1
27.4
12.7

53.0
47.0
61.0
77.0
89.0
92.0
95.0
90.0
90.0
8()" 0
68.0
59.0

-26.0
-24.0
-15.0
8.0
23.0
38.0
47.0
43.0
33.0
21.0
00.0
-21.0

16.2
]5.0
14.3
15.9
17.3
]9.3
16.6
]5.8
15.4
13.8
11.8
13.8

0.85
0.72
1.45
1.69
3.01
3.21
3.95
3.35
3.46
3.13
2.26
1.17

year........ 41.8
I

--------

18427-12

49.6

34.1 95.0 -26.p 15.5 28.25 120.7

]7.5
18.0
Hì.O
5.8
1.5

2.02
2.00
2.12
1.83
2.98
2.91
2.72
2.8

2.31
2.86
2.36
2.74
29.73

2.8
13.7
19.9

31.4
26.1
19.5
5.3
0.1

3.99
3.33
3.40
2.22
3.02
3.21
3.95
3.35
3.46
3.27
3.43
3.69
40.32

1.4
11.7
25.2

3.43
3.94
4.43
4.38
4:.73
5.55
8.21
4.45
7.44
5.20
4.35
3.95
39.77

6.18
6.35
7.32
4.19
6.22
8.00
7.72
7.89
6.65
7.47
6.40
5.94
48.01

1.20
0.54
0.59
0.8ö
0.75
0.72
1.55
].14
0.96
0.97
0.43
0.88
27.13

2.08
0.49
1.01
0.48
0.11
0.90
0.96
1.23
0.88
0.65
1.44
1.12
30 97

178

CLI.:v.L4 TE A1VD AfETEOROLOGY

t.-Normal Temperature and Precipitation at Selected Canadian Stations-con.

QUEBEC, QUE.
Observations for 20 years.

Temperature of.

Months.

:M ean
Daily.

Mean
Daily
Max.

lean H . h L
Daily 19 - ow-
-'I in. est. est.

'lean
Daily
range.

Precipitation in inches.
Averages.
Rain. Snow. Total.

Extremes.
-
Greatest. Least.
-
6.58 1.10
6.22 0.98
6.16 1.05
6.57 0.70
6.93 0.27
9.23 1.32
7.12 0.53
9.58 1.35
8.75 1.08
6.99 0.93
7.09 0.90
6.78 1.13
52.39 32.12

Jan.......... 9.7 17.7 1.8 47.0 -34.0 15.9 0.64 30.7 3.71
Feb......... 12.0 20.2 3.7 49.0 -32.0 16.5 0.74 27.3 3.47
Mar. . . . . . . . . 22.8 30.7 15.0 64.0 -23.0 15.5 1.29 . 19.9 3.28
April. . . . . . . . 37.0 45.3 28.7 80.0 3.0 16.6 1.42 6.4 2.06
May......... 52.0 62.0 42.0 88.0 21.0 20.0 3,01 0.4 3.05
June..... . . . . 61.2 70.8 51.5 90.0 34.0 19.3 3.83 3.83
July........ . 66.1 75.7 56.6 96.0 39.0 19.1 4.30 4.30
Aug......... 62.8 71.5 54.1 90.0 38.0 17.4 4.00 4.00
Rept......... 55.3 63.6 46.9 88.0 29.0 16.7 3.77 3.77
Oct.......... 42.0 47.8 36.3 77.0 14.0 11.5 2.94 1.5 3.09
Nov......... 32.2 35.7 28.7 66.0 -10.0 7.0 1.75 14.2 3.17
Dec......... 15.0 22.2 7.8 55.0 -27.0 14.4 0.85 25.2 3.37
- - - - - .- - -
Year... . . . . 39.0 47.0 31.1 96.0 -34.0 15.9 28.54 125.6 41.10

ANTICOSTI (SOUTH WEST POINT), QUEBEC.
Observations for 30 years.
Jan.......... 11.9 19.8 4.0 47.0 -40.0 15.8 0.58 18.3 2.41 I 6.70 0.54
Feb......... 12.5 19.7 5.3 46.0 -35.0 14.4 0.25 14.7 1.72 4.70 0.27
Mar..... 21.0 27.1 15.0 47.0 -20.0 12.1 0.50 12.0 1.70 4.95 0.29
April.... . . . . 30.5 35.4 25.6 71.0 - 3.0 9.8 1.12 5.6 1.68 7.92 R.05
May......... 39.8 45.0 34.5 78.0 19.0 10.5 2.40 0.4 2.44 4.68 0.05
June......... 48.4 53.4 43.5 85.0 26.0 9.9 2.93 0.1 2.94 5.58 0.40
July..... . . . . 56.6 62.3 51.0 79.0 34.0 11.3 3.14 3.14 8.70 0.43
Aug..... 56.2 61.5 51.0 80.0 28.0 10.5 3.43 3.43 4.92 0.76
Sept......... 48.7 54.4 43.0 73.0 20.0 11.4 2.92 2.92 4.81 0.70
Oct.......... 39.8 45.1 34.5 68.0 8.0 10,6 3.40 0.5 3.45 9.85 0.54
Nov......... 30.2 35.4 25.1 57.0 - 1.0 10.3 2.05 6.4 2.69 4.54 0.49
Dee. . . . . . . . . 20.5 27.2 13.8 52.0 -34.0 13.4 0.65 14.7 2.12 5.10 0.32
- - -- - - - - - -.
year........ 34.7 40.5 28.9 85.0 -40.0 11.6 23.37 72.7 30.64 45.43 15.83

FREDERICTON, NEW BRUNSWICK.
Observations for 30 years.

J
F
M
A
l\
J
J
A
S
o
N
D
Y

an......... . 13.3 24.3 2.2 55.0 -34.0 22.1 1.64 23.9 4.03 8.34 1.3
eb........ . 15.4 26.6 4.1 51.0 -35.0 22.5 0.96 47.0 5.66 4.78 0.4
ar.... ..... 26.5 36.9 16.0 65.0 -20.0 20.9 2.16 25.6 4.72 7.58 1.3
pril.. . . .. . . 38.9 49.5 28.3 82.0 - 2.0 21.2 1.99 10.0 2.97 4.43 0.3
fay........ . 51.2 62.8 39.6 92.0 24.0 23.2 3.21 0.1 3.22 9.08 0.8
una........ . 59.6 71.7 47.5 92.0 26.0 24.2 3.71 - 3.71 8.01 1.4
uly........ . 65.9 77.0 54.8 96.0 40.0 22.2 3.03 - 3.03 6.28 1.2
ug ...... . 63.2 73.7 52.7 95.0 35.0 21.0 3.97 - 3.97 6.99 0.7
ept .. . 55.3 66.1 44.5 92.0 25.0 21.6 3.54 - 3.54 7.73 0.9
ct ....... . 43.4 54.2 32.6 81.0 15.0 21.6 4.02 o 5 4.07 9.99 0.8
ov......... 33.0 40.9 25.0 68.0 - 3.0 15.9 3.17 9.0 4.07 6.47 0.9
ee........ . 19.4 28.2 10.5 58.0 -26.0 17.7 1.56 18.9 3.45 6.42 1.1
- - - - - - - -
ear....... . 40.4 51.0 29.8 96.0 -35.0 21.2 32.94 135.0 46.44 54.62 35.0

6
8
2
o
8
7
6
6
1
5
6
8
2

1'EJIPHN.t TUN/<: .lXD J>Rl
'CIJ>JTjlTIUA"

17<1

1.- 'urmal Tt'ml)t'raturt' and .-rt'('II)ltation at S..lected ('al1adlan
tatlon
- -concludell.

\ .\R\lOUTII, N.
.

Ol,;'!('ryations for 35 years.

l'cmpcratLlrc of.

Pn"('ipitatinn in incln.'s.

Ionthø.

Iean
Unil).

\It'un
n.til).

Iax.

'Ie
m II i h - J.,O\\-
Dally g

I in. e:- t .
t.

I ('an
Daib
rungt'.

\ , enage!ol.

Ext renll'>!

Rain.
nm\. Total

Greatt.:-t J east.

--------

Jan..... 30.0 34.3 19.6 54.0 -6.0 14.7 2.;,) 20.3 4.7
0.92 1.97
Feb.. 25.7 3
.7 I
'h 52.0 -12.0 13.9 2.13 21.
4.:n 7.77
.

Inr. .. 31.8 37.8 25.7 55.0 -2.0 I:?I 3.J
13.3 4.6.1 10.;,) 1.4,')
.\pril.. . 3H.7 4b.4 33.1 72.0 17.0 13.3 3.17 5.5 3.72 7 .I
0'/'12
\lay........ . 4S.1 5,1).6 4u.6 73.0 2,1).(1 1.').0 3.77 K 3.77 7.61i O.in
Juno...... ... 55.3 63.0 17.6 79.0 31.0 15.4 2.R:
2'b:
f). 60 0.69
Jul)... . 60.S 6
.2 5;{.2 '0.0 41.0 1,1).0 J.3\ 3.Js ð.42 0..')2
.\Ujl;.. 6Ot. 7 b7.9 5:
'6 S.
.O 39.0 14.3 3.,1)1 3.51 9.5H 1.0

I'ept .16.() 6.
.2 is.8 79.0 :u.o ....4 3.50 3.5H 5.7(1 O'/'IX
Oct. .. . . . .. . 4S.6 ,).) . 4 41.7 74.0 :?5.(I I:
. 7 4.15 0.3 4.1S 11.38 0.7x
'OV.. . . . . . 41.2 46.6 37.1 00.0 11.0 9.5 J.77 4.0 4.17 8.56 1.51
Dec. ..... . :H.I 37.6 2-1.5 5
.0 -3.0 13.3 3.31 14.7 4.7h 9.20 1 'b'\
..:
Sõ":7""3i01 "d.O -12.u --
Year .. 13.7 3J.,I)\I 7U.gl 47..1)
;0,90 3,).06
I

C'H\UWTTETO\\ 'I, P.F.J.

Observations for 30 }"t'arH.

Tl'mpi'rature 0 F

Pr('('ipit:Ltion in indlPI'.

Ionths. I ' I '((',Ln

Daily
. Daily. 'lux.

'1E':Ln lIiJ?h- 1.0 I "l'an A\PrRjl;l'S.
Dally
- Dai Iy

in. Cbt. ('S. range. Hain. ::'now. Total.

FxtJ"('m('
.

Gre'1test. Leu8t

--------

Jan......... . 19.0 27.0 11.0 52.0 -19.0 16.0 1.46 19.6 3.42 7.62 I. to
Feb... . 18.0 26.0 9.0 49.0 -21.0 17.0 0,86 17.5 2.61 6.:
7 0.88

[ar........ . 27.0 34.0 20.0 54.0 -15.0 14.0 1.67 13.9 3.06 5.51 1.48
April.... . . . . 37.0 44.0 30.0 74.0 8.0 14.0 2.11 8.8 2.99 6.10 0''''2
May. .. . .. 48.0 56.0 40.0 81.0 26.0 16.0 2.51 1.0 2.61 5.85 0.40
June........ . 57.0 66.0 49.0 ...7.0 32.0 17.0 2.54 2.54 5.37 0.47
July...... .. . 66.0 74.0 58.0 91.0 37.0 12.0 2.96 2.96 8.97 1.81
A.ug....... .. 65.0 73.0 57.0 92.0 12.0 16.0 3.31 3.37 8.44 0.94

ept . . . . . . .. . 58.0 65.0 50.0 87.0 34.0 15.0 3.36 3.36 8.75 0.06
Oct. . . . . . . . 41'.0 54.0 41.0 77.0 26.0 13.0 4.4(, 0.2 4.4Q 10.38 0.,1)0
Xov.... 37.0 42.0 32.0 62.0 11.0 10.0 3.4
6.0 4.0ð 8.00 1.74
Dec.....:::: 25.0 32.0 19.0 52.0 -11'0 13.0 2.19 16.0 3.79 7.25 1.41
year........

92.0 -21'0 1
30.97 83.0 39.27 56.43 32.4.:;

18427-121

180

CLIMATE AJ.VD METEOROLOGY

2.-Averages of Sunshine, '\'Ind and Weather at Selected Canadian Stations.
(The years indicate the period of observation on which averages are based.)
VICTORIA, B.C.

Sunshine
Average
1895-1910.

s .
0 0
c:,)

0:>
00 ......
>"

......
'D

Wind
1896-1915.

Average
No. of days
1896-1915 with

:\

00 s:: ........... , Strongest
'-' c:,)
::I .9 o þ Õ
Q) Wind
.8 +" 'D '"'
Ionths. ....1:6 'Q} '"' :.a Recorded.
0'"' 0'D Ò ::I
õ..ë Z::I 0 Thun- Fog. Hail.

.g 0 Z
b.D

(1;)- Q}>. :Ë '-' s:: der.
.5
b.Dc:,) Q}
'8 Q} .9
..0 0

ell. .
0.
sS
.D
æ +"
(!;)..... Q)Q}
t6 '"'0 > . oo
c:,)
::I'"' e æ >+" Q}- Q)
(!;)::I Q)
þ-Q)
:3 ::::0 '"'
z& Q}O <

O <>

o. 0.
..c
- -- - - - - -- - - - -
.........oo.... .. 53.4 19.6 14 3 9.0 N 50 SE - 1 -
.. .............. .. 79.4 27.9 7 2 8.9 N 48 SW - 1 -
.. ................. 143.0 39.0 5 2 9.0 SE 52 SW - 1 -
1.... . . .. . . 184.8 44.9 2 2 9.0 SW 50 SW - - -
.... . . 198.6 41.9 3 2 8.8 SW 41 W - 1 -
.............. .. 215.1 44.7 1 2 9.7 SW 49 SW - - -
.. ................. 293.7 60.4 1 2 9.1 SW 44 SW - - -
.................. .. 256.9 58.0 1 1 7.8 SW 43 S\\- - 2 -
.............. .. 183.3 48.6 3 1 6.5 SW 44 SW - 3 -
. . .. - -.. 118.3 35.3 7 1 6.8 E 56 SW - 4 -
............ .. 57.3 20.8 10 3 9.9 NE 57 SE - 1 -
................ .. 38.1 14.9 13 3 8.8 NE 59 SE - 1 -
- -- - - - - -- - - -
Tear...... 1821.9 - 67 24 8.6 SW 59 SE - 15 -

Jan.
Feb
Mar
Apri

lay
June
July
Aug
Sept
Oct.
1'\" ov
Dee

Ì

* VANCOUVER, B.C.
Jan..... _ 46.4 17.3 17 4.3 E 40 NW 3
Feb......... .. 51.5 18.2 10 Q) 4.0 E 26 W 4

lar.......... . 135.6 36.9 7 0 5.0 E 30 SE 1
.\pril. 179.4 4
.7 4
4.8 RE 25 W 1
1:6
)lay......... .. 220.0 46.5 3 .z 4.8 BE 23 W 1
June.......... . 228.0 47.2 2 oo..c:i 4.5 E 27 W 1
July.... . . . . . . . 265.6 54.6 2

4.1 S 22 W 2
A,ug.. ......... 252.7 57.0 2 3.7 S 20 W 1

ept... 162.9 43.3 5
S 4.6 S 26 NW 1 2
Oct........... . 111.3 33.4 8
3.8 SE 35 W 6
'"''"'
Nov........... 51.1 18.6 13 Q)Q) 4.3 E 25 NW 4
>0.
Dee.. . . . . . . . . 38.8 15.3 15 < 4.4 E 30 W 4
- - - - - - - - - - -
Year.. ., . 1743.3 88 4.4 SE 40 NW 6 24 1
* Sunshine, 1908-1917; days clouded, 1909-1920; wind, days with thunder, etc., 1905-1920.
t KAMLOOPS, B.C.
Jan........... . 65.0 24.7 12 3.5 S 25 SE
Feb........... 87.0 31.1 7 :!) 3.1 S 24 NE
l\Iar . . . . . . . . . . . 166.0 45.2 4
4.5 SE 31 W
0
April. _ 187.0 45.2 3
4,8 S 30 W
May. . . . . . . . . . . 224.0 46.8 3
4.4 S 30 W
June.......... . 240.0 50.1 3 -& 4.1 S\V 25 SE
July.... . . . . . . . 295.0 59.9 1 UJ..c:i 4.1 RW 40 SE
rf!-+-o
Aug....... 262.0 58.6 2 Æ
3.5 S\\' 30 SE
Sept. 185.0 49.1 3 (!;)o 3.5 S 40 S
ellS
Oct........... . 140.0 42.3 6
'-' 3.6 RE 40 NW
Nov........... 70.0 26.2 10 Q)Q} 4.4 SE 40 W
;:..0.
Dee...... . 49.7 20.1 13
3.3 S 30 SE
-- - - - - - - - - - -
year..... . 1970.7 67 3,9 S 40
t Sunshine, 1906-1916; days clouded, 1906-1920; wind., etc., 1897-1916.

EDl\IO
TON, ALTA.
Jan.... .. .... . 79 31.6 10 4.4 W 36 W
Feb... 125 45.7 3 4.9 W 34 NW
)lar. .......... 174 47.4 3 5.6 f: 28 NW
April. p . . . . . .. 212 50.7 3 7.2 sW 42 NW
May. . . . . . . . . . . 222 45.1 3 6.8 RW 36 SE 1 1
June........ ... 242 47.8 3 5.9 W 34 KW 3 1
July... .. . . . . 273 53.8 2 5.3
\V 30 NW 4 1
þ"ug...... ..... 256 56.3 2 4.7 W 26 NW 2 1
Sept.......... . 184 48.6 3 5.3 W 36 W 1 1
Oct.......... .. 150 46.2 4 5.2 W 28 NW

ov......... 87 33.9 7 4.6 SW 25 NW
Dec........... 77 33.2 11 4.2 SW 34
W
- - - - - - - - - - -
year...... 2.081 54 5.3 SW 42 NW 11 5
t Sunslune, 1906-1916; days clouded, 1906-1920; wind, etc., 1897-1916.

TEJI PRR
l1'[J Hl<' l.V'D ]>UFCI J>I1'
l 'l'lû"V

ISl

%.
\U'ra
t'" of '..nshlm', \\Ind and "t'ath('r at
t,.('(.tcd (":inadian
t:iUOIIS continueù.
('flu' Yl'Urs indicate thl' period of ooscrvution on wweh averugl's ßn' ba......,<I.)
\h:DICI:>.B HAT, ALTA.

Iontns.

Jan..... . . . . . . .
Feb.... .... ...
Mar. .
.\pril..... . . . . .
:\[a) .......
JUDe. . . . .. . . . . .
July.......... .

\ug... .

ept........ ...
Oct. . . . . . . . . . . .
;\' uv . . . . . . . . . . .
Dec.......... .

f
::I
o
...c:.
_.d
0.....
J::
'"'::>
CoJ _
..:Ie
E!:-

ð.

Runshino
A vemp;o
1
95-191O.

ë
.

-;
0'"
C):::I
t:J)

J::"::
CoJ'-
C.J n

8.

s...
11i
1m
220
233
26S
:t!6
2
-1
196
158
102
82

33.1
41.6
&ü.o
5:i.4
48.9
55.0
66.6
63.S
52.0
47.7
37.8
32.9

Year. . . . . . 2.:'43
· HOSTHER"l, bAFlK.

Jan......... ...
Feb..... ... . . .
l\lar. . . . . . . . . . .
April. . .
:\lay........ . . .
Junc.......... .
July.......... .

\u
. . . . . . . . . . .
:-\ept. . . . . .. ...
Oct..
;\' ov . . . . . .. . . . .
Dec. _...... ...

91.6
137.7
176.1
2:W.8
2fì2.7
2S0.1
2ut.8
272.9
19().8
ltl.4
111.6
78.3

36.1
50.0
47.9
5:i.6
5:Hs
56.0
65.2
60.3
50.4
43.3
t:i.l
33.0

o
I C':.I
E

o.
C.J-
11)0
2

"'Ci -
-"i
0-
. ::;
00
%

c)>.

-;
........
C)Q)
;..-
<Co

õ
ö
z
C) .
bÐ!
f_
C)øS

C>

>.

o
...c:.
C)

f.g
Q)-
> C)
<;..

2
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
I
1
2
2

Wind
IMI6-UU5.

...
:a
tIÐ

ëiæ .
;..J::
C)O
....-
:l.4.....

5.9
6.0
6.6
7.4
7.5
7.5
6.4
5.6
5.8
5.9
6.1
6.5

.",\\

W
:-\\\
W
I'
I'W

W
:-\\\
:-\W
W
f'W
:-:W

Stronj.!;pst
Wind
Recordod.

...
Q)
Co
00'"
::":::1
:=0
_...c:
....

è
.9

...
is

3.3
3.2
4.0
5.0
4.9
4.2
3.6
3.0
3.8
3.9
3.4
3.2

I'W
s\\
SE

.."

\\
t-:\\
"'w
SW

s

H\\

-If)

51 S
41 :'
\\
50

60
"
61 SW
46 :-\\\
50 \\
50 :-\
6U W
()O SW
60 1\

21

6.4
\\ 61 S\\
· PHI
CE ALBEUT, s.\
I\..

\ vern.j.!;e
No. of daye
1896-1915 with

Thun- FOil;. Hail.
dpr.

2
4
4
3
1

1-1

1
3
2

year...... 2,25S.8 57 3.8:4 36 I
\\ 6 3
* Sunshine and days clouded, 1911-1920; '" ind 18!16-1917, 18!1S mi
inR; d.1Ys with thunder, et('., 1896 19'-1.

8
6
3
2
3
1
1
1
3
4
6
9

47

10
4
4
:i
2
2
2
2
4
6
7
11

21)
W
29
W
35
W
36
W
25 :-:E
31 :\
31 :-\C
24 F
2-1
P\'('rul.
28 XW
20
t'\"('ral.
32 X

*I
DI.\"l HE\D, :-o.\SK. *Qu' ApPl.LLE, S \RI\..
Jan............ 81.4 32-8 10 2 9.4 J\\\ 6fì 1\\\ - I -
Feb.... ....... 103.7 37.0 6 2 9.5 1\\\ 46 W - 1 -

[ar . . . . . . . . . . . 131.8 35.9 6 2 9,6 \\ 48
\\ - 1 -
April. . . . . . . . . . 170.1 41.2 4 2 10.0 :-\W 58
- 1 -
)[ay ...... 214.4 44.6 5 2 9.8
W 50
W 2 1 -
June. . . .. . . . . . . 207.4 12.4 4 1 9.0 H 48 :-\W 4 1
July..... . .. .. . 272.4 55.5 2 1 8.2
W 42 ;\'\\ 5 1 -

o\.ug. . . . . . . . . . . 228.9 51.3 2 1 7.4 o...:W 38 ,",W 4 1 -
RW
Sept. . . . . . . . . . . 162.8 43.2 5 1 8.4 W 41 :-\W 1 1 -
Oct... 130.5 39.5 6 2 9.1 W 45 ;\,W - 1 -

ov. . . . . . . . . . . 68.8 25.7 8 1 9.1 W 42 NW - 1 -
Dec.... ....... 58.8 23.8 12 2 9.0 W 45 NW - 1 -
- - - - - - - - - -
year...... 1,831,0 - 70 19 9.0 W 66 NW 16 12

J
F
\

*ðUDShInP aDd days douded, 1891-1910; wmd, etc., 1897-1917 (1908 missing).
t WI'
"IPEG, :\IA.....ITOB.\.

aD. ........... 110-3 41.4 9 7 12.8 W 50 XW - - -
eb. . . . . . . . . . . 138.6 49.2 6 5 12.2 Sw 55
W - 1 -
_ lar . . . . . . . . . . . 175.0 47.7 i 6 13.1 :-; 66 XW - - -
!\pril. . . . . . . . .. 206.7 50.2 5 7 14.5 E 60 W 1 - -
May. . . . . . . . . . . 2.')0.7 52.3 4 6 14.5 E 66
\\ 2 - -
une. . . . . . . . . . . 250.4 51.6 3 5 12.7 E 46 1\W 4 - -
uly. . . . . . . . . . . 290.5 59.5 2 5 12.1 H 55 RW 5 - -
llg........... 256.7 57.S 3 4 11.3 ti 43 W 3 - -
ept.......... . 179.6 47.7 4 6 13.0 S 55 W 2 - -
ct........... . 12t.8 37.6 8 6 13.8 S 60 XW
1 - -
Nov........... 89.6 33.2 10 5 12.4 SW 45 W - 1 -
Dec...... ..... 81.2 32.2 14 4 12.2
W 59 W - - -
- - - - - - - - - - -
year...... 2,154.1 - 75 66 12.9 S 66 NW 18 2 -

J
J
A
S
o

t Sunshine, 1882-1910; days clouded, 1901-1920; wind, etc., 1897-1916.

1

]82

CLIMATE Al{Ð
fETEOROLOGY

2.-A\'erages of Sunshine, Wind and Weather at Selected Canadian Stations-continued.

(The years indicate the period of observation on which averages are based.)

CALGARY, MTA.

Wind (1897-1916). Average Number of days
(1897-1916) with
Strongest
:Months. Average Average wind
Number Hourly Prevailing Recorded.
of Gales. Velocity. Direction. Thunder. Fog. Hail.
Miles
per hour. Direction.
January.......... . . 1 6.4 W 52 NW - - -
February. . . . . . . . . . 1 6.6 W 48 W - - -

Iarch. . . . . .. . . . . . . 1 7.6 SW 48 SW - - -
April.. . . . .. . . . .. . . 1 8.5 W 56 NW - - -
1I-'Iay............... 1 8.8 NW 48 NNW 1 - -
June.............. . 1 8.6 NW 50 W 1 - 1
July.............. . 1 7.6 NW 48 NW 3 - -
August. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7.3 NW 36 W 2 - -
September. . . . . . . . . 1 7.5 NW 62 NW - - -
October. . . . . . . . . . . 1 6.5 NW 40 W - - -
November. . . . . . . . 1 6.0 W 36 Several. - - -
December........ . 1 6.5 W 52 W - - -
year........ 12 7.3 W 62 NW 7 - 1

LE PAS, l\ÚNITOBA.

Janu
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Augu
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dece

Wind (1910-1920). Average Number of days
(1910-1920) with
Strongest
Months. Average Average wind
Number Hourly Prevailing Recorded.
of Gales. Velocity. Direction. -- Thunder. Fog. Hail.
Miles
per hour. Direction.
ary........... 1 7.5 W 43 NW - - -
mary......... . 1 7.2 W 40 W - - -
ch............. 1 7.5 S 45 W - 1 -
il. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 8.3 E 41 SW - - -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 8.5 E 40 - - - -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7.8 SE 44 SW 2 - -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8.9 W 54 SW - 2 -
st.. .......... 1 7.7 W 48 NW 2 1 -
tember. . . . . . . . . 1 6.8 W 41 NW - 1 -
ober. . . . . . . . . . . 1 7.5 W 42 W - - -
ember. . . . . . . . . - 7.9 W 33 NW - - -
mber. . . . . . . . . - 7.1 SW 38 W - - -
year........ 9 7.7 W 54 SW 4 5 -

'l'R.\lPFR&iTURF ..LYD J>llFCIPITATIOX

183

%.- \\era
p of SUD:!!Ihlne, "Ind alld "('at lur at ,('I('('t('(1 ('3I1a(lIall Statloll
.-continucù.
(The }'ears indicate the period of obscr\ ation on \\ hich avcragcs nre based.)
PORT XEL'>ON, 'hN.

"ind (1916-1920). A \ eru
o X urn ber or days
(1916-1920) ",ith
Stron
e:it
Months. -\. \'crnJl;o A veraKC \\ind

urnbcr Hourly Prevailing Rl'('ortiod.
of Gal '::I. Y clocity. Direction. Thunder. Fog. Hail.
'Iil('!!
per hour. Direction.
J Muary . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12.4 W 34 WXW - 1 -
Fl'bruary.. .. .. . .. . 3 12.9 \\ 48
W - - -

Iarch. . .... . . . . . . . 3 11.4 W 41
I
- 1 -
-\ pri 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12.H :-\E 51 XW - 1 -

lay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 12.4 XE 40
E - 3 -
Juno......... ..... . 3 13.6 XE 38 !'\E XW 3 2 -
July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13.8 XI; 53
E 3 1 -
.\ugust. . . 2 12.4
\\ -1:!
EKW 2 2 -
Septelll ber . . . . . . . . . 3 12.1) :-\W 4:? SWNW 1 1 -
October. . . . . . . . . . . 4 13.6 KW 40 - - 1 -
::\ O\'em ber . . . 0 . . . . 5 13.1 r\W 43 N - 2 -
December. .0...... 2 11.7 W .2 NW - - -
Y car. . . . . . . . 32 12.7 t:;W 53 Nh 9 15 -

POUT AUTHLR. OXT.

Wind (lb' 6-(920). A veru
e ::\ urn her or da) s
(lS96-1920) with
I
tron
l' t

lonthso \ \ eraKe \ \ ('rage I \\ind
1\ umber Hourly Pr('\ uili
ReconlL.-d.
of Gules. \" clocit). Direction Thunder. Fog. Hail.

Iile:i I
per hour. Direction.
January. . . . . . . . . . . 1 6.9 XW 37 1\\\ - - -
February....... . . . 1 7.1 KW 50 K\\ - - -

Iarch. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7.8 XW 52 KW - - -
April. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7.8
39 NWXE 1 1 -

lay . . . . . . . . . . . . .0. 1 7.8 SC 41 !\E 1 2 -
Juno. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . - 6.7 E 51 r\W 2 2 -
July...... .... ... .. - 6.4 S 34 N\\' 4 1 -
August. . . . . . . . . . . . - 6.7
W 41 r\W 3 2 -
:-\l'ptember........ . - 7.1 t'\\ 62 KW 2 2 -
October. ......... 1 7.4 Sw 4
r\\\ 1 3 -

ovcrnber....... . 1 8.1 XW 40 r\W - 1 -
December. . . . . . . . . 1 7.' KW 52 K\\ - 1 -
year........l 8 7.3 ::;W 62 l'\\ 14 15 -

WHITE RIVER, 01\1'.

Ionth.s.

Wind (1896-1920). A vernge K urn ber or days
(lb96-1920) with

trongest I
Average A vera
e \\ ind
,umber Hourly Prevailing Recorded.
of Gales. Velocity. Direction. ----- Thunder. Fog. Hail.

lileB
per hour. Direction.
- 4.2 BE 28
W - - -
- 3.3 E 22 bXW - - -
- 4.4 E 30 X - - -
- 5.0 E 30 X - - -
- 5.6 SE 28 :-\W 1 - -
- 5.0 S 32 ðW 1 - -
- 4.4 SW 23 N 2 1 -
- 3.6 S 24 SW 2 1 -
- 3.9 SW 24
2 1 -
- 4.1 SE 25 SW - - -
- 4.6 SE 25 NW S" - - -
- 3.7 S 24 S - - -
- 4.3 SE 32 SW 8 3 -

January _ . . . . . . . . . .
February. . . . .' . . . .

Iarch. . . . . . . . . . . . .

l\priL . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)lay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
June. . ...........
July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
August. . . . . .. .. .. .
September........ .
October. . . . . . . . . . .
November....... .
December........ .
Year. . . . . . . .

184

CLI..
fATE AJ.lD METEOROLOGY

2.-Averages of Sunshine .Wlnd and Weather at Selected Canadian Stations-continued.

(The years indicate the period of observation on which averages are based.)

COCHRANE, ONT.

Wind (1911-1920). Average Number of days
(1911-1920) with
Strongest
Months. Average Average with
Number Hourly Prevailing Recorded.
of Gales. Velocity. Direction. --- Thunder. Fog. Hail.
Miles I. .
per hour. IDIrectIOn.
January. . . . . . . . . . . - 7.8 W 34 NW - - -
February. . . . . . . . . . - 7.2 NW 32 NW - - -

Iarch. . . . . . . . . . . . . - 8.2 SW 33 NW - - -
April. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 8.4 SE 35 NW - - -
1\Iay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 8.5 S 35 NW 1 1 -
June....... . ... . . . . - 8.4 S 34 SW 2 - -
July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 7.1 W 29 SW 3 - -
August. . . . . . . .. .. . - 6.5 W 31 NW 2 - -
September........ . - 7.3 SW 30 SW 1 1 -
October. .. . . . . . . . . - 7.2 SW 35 SE - 1 -
November..... .".. - 6.6 SW 30 SW - 1 -
December........ . - 6.8 NW 27 SW - 1 -
year........ - 7.5 SW 35 NWSE 9 5 -

ANTICOSTI, SOUTH WEST POINT, QUEBEC.

Wind (1897-1920). Average Number of days
(1897-1920) with
Strongest
Months. Average Average wind
Number Hourly Prevailing Recorded.
of Gales. Velocity. Direction. Thunder. Fog. Hail.
)1 iles
per hour. Direction.
January. . . . . . . . . . . 16 21.9 NW 72 NW - - -
February. . . . . . . . . . 13 19.9 SW 65 NW - 1 -
March. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 18.6 S 68 NW - 1 -
April. . . . . . . . . . . '. . . 8 15.8 SE 70 NW - 3 -
May. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 13.8 SE 52 NW - 3 -
June...... . . . . . . . . . 4 13.3 SE 56 W - 5 -
July..... ... . . . . . . . 3 12.1 SE 44 W - 7 -
August. . . . . . . . . . . . 4 12.3 SE 68 W - 5 -
September. . . . . . . . . 6 14.3 SE 58 NW - 3 -
October. . .. . . .. . . . 10 16.6 S 67 W - 4 -
November....... . 11 18.8 SE 98 N - 1 -
December. . . . . . . . . 14 20.6 SW 71 NW - 1 -
year........ 107 16.5 S 98 N - 34 -

TE
IPER lTURE 1 'D PRECIPIT
lTIU\

185

2.- \nraJ,: ." of IIlIshlllt'," Ind and" eathn at Selerted Canadian
tatlon
-continued.
\ fhe years indicate the period of observation on which average8 are based.)
flAILEYBURY, OXTARIO.

Sunshine EO Wind A vera
e
A verap;o o
1896-1920. 1'1; o. of days
c..

1906-1916. cn- IS. 6-1920 with
>.0
ø3::r.>
C é
-
t rongE'St ThU.J Fog.
::I .9 õ-S Õ
è Wind

ronths. 0
Uocorded.
_ø5 .
... ...
.J:: 0'" 0::1 Ö ::I =a II ai 1.
0': <:.J::I Z

0>.

"'O t,) .J::

C der.
...

c:.. 0>.
0'8 :.ê .9
CI,IC c3

0
..t::I O
- f
'C;; ë !S:

- c ",.- ...'"

...-
ãï:

'" :'" CJ:' :'0 ...
.<0 :. CJ.- -:..

g, <Co < ...
;'::Q.

,..-;
- - - - - -- - - - -
Jan......... ... 92 33.4 10 1 2 !\W 8 NXW - 1 -
Feb... . . . . . . . . 119 41.6 7 2 2 :r\ \, 9
\\ - 1 -
'Iar. ... . . . . . . . 165 4-t.g 5 2 2 S 9
\\ - 1 -
.\pril...... 19:i 47.3 fi 1 2 A 8 NW
- 1 -

Ia} . . . . . . . . . . . 210 4.').0 4 I 2 t4 8 :r\W 2 1 -
June. . . . . . . . . . . 259 5-1.5 2 1 2 f'F 8 S\\ 4 1 -
July. . . . . . . . . . . 266 55.5 1 1 2 f'W 8 Se,.C'rnl. 6 - -
A.ug...... ..... 221 50.3 2 1 2 R 8
W 4 1 -

C'pt. . . . . . . . . . . 174 6.3 4 2 2 f'W R S 2 1 -
Oct........... . 110 32.8 7 2 2
\\ 9 '\;'W 1 1 -
Xov........ ... 56 20.1 13 2 2 !\\\ 10 S\\ W - 1 -
Dl'<.' . . . . . . . . . . . Iii 23.2 12 1 2 W 8 NW - 1 -
- - - - - - - - - - -
Y e.1r . . . 1,733 - 72 17 2 SW 10
WW 19 11 -

· GR.\'\ E"'HLRI3T, (J"'T\RIO.

Jan...... . . . . . .
Feb..... ..

Iar..... ..
.-\ pril. . . .

Iay.......... .
June......... ..
Julv...........
.\u
......... ..
Bept. . . ..
Oct. ...........
Xov...........
Dec. . . . . . . . . . .

· P\RRY SoUND, ():'o.T\RIO.

ðo.7 28.4 12 1 9.4 BE 41' W - - -
126.3 43.4 H 1 9.0 R 49 W - - -
153.0 41.5 7 1 9.1 t-:W 52 f'W 1 - -
1"9.4 46.9 5 1 8.9 H 36 NIl -
217.2 47.4 5 1 7.9 R 39
W 2 - -
229'ð 49.4 2 - 6.8 F:W 36 SW 2 - -
:?65.2 56.4 I - 6.5 HW 36 XW 3 - -
252.6 5)00,.2 1 - 6.9 H 30 b W HE 3 - -
170.6 45,6 4 - 7.4
W 36 f'W 2 - -
138.5 41.0 7 - 8.7 to; 36
W 2 - -
85,4 29.9 11 2 10.5
W 48
W - - -
61.5 21.5 14 1 9.4 S 37 \\
W - - -
-----------
year.... _. 1,970.2 - 77 8 8.4 S 52 SW 14 1 -

· Sunshin<<:>, 1902-1910, 1915-1920, \\ind, etc., IMI6-1920.

Jan...... ... .. .
Feb..... ......

1'1.r.. _..... ...
April....:... ..

Iay . . . . . . . . . . .
June......... ..
July. . .. .. . . .. .
Aug.... ..
Sep........ . . . .
Oct......... '"
X
... ov...........
Dec........ '"

t TOROXTO, OXT.

77.9
108.1
150.0
190.7
218.9
2.'>9.8
282.2
252.7
207.8
149.3
85.3
65.2

27.0
36.7
40.5
47.1
47.9
56.3
60.4
59.8
55.4
43.8
29.4
23.5

year...... 2,046.9

11
6
6
4
2
1
1
1
2
4
8
10

56

6
5
5
3
2
1
1
o
1
2
4
7

37

13.6
13.7
12.8
11.9
9-9
8.7
8.0
8.0
8.8
9.9
12.2
13.2

S\\
W

\\

E
SE
SE
S
SW
SE
S
SW
SW

56 NE
56 E
60
W
50 E
54 W
35 NE
36 W:-;W
48 NE
50 S
53 W
50 W
50 SW

2
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
3
4
5
6
3
1

2
2
2
1

10.9

s

60 NW

34

15

t Sunshine, 1882-1910; days clouded, 1901-1920; wind, etc., 1896-1920.

186

CLIMATE AND :ßfETEOROLOGY

2.-Averages of Sunshine, Wind and Weather at Selected Canadian Stations-continued.
(The years indicate the period of observation on which averages are based.)

WOODSTOCK, ONT.

Months.

00
I-<

o
..c:.
-

0......

g
.oS
81-<

C)
Z

.9
+>
_d
01-<

.g
dC)

::ã
C)....
to) 00
1-<00
Q)O
A.t

,0
S

0-
Q..!.
000
;>'0>

-
"'0 -
....."'0
0Q)
"'0
.

00
Z'ë)
Q);>.
bD.....

Q)
I-<

Q)Q)
þo.....
<

Wind
1896-1920.

Average
No. of days
1896-1920 with

Sunshine
Average
1906-1916.

Q)
bII'

Æ
Q)

O

;>.
-;::

o
..c:.
Q)

'11
1-<0
Q).....
þoQ)
<>

Strongest
Wind
Recorded.

o
ó
z

,
Q
Q)
I-<

bD
;ê
.
.
þo

Q)O
1-<....
A.t

o
oo..c::

E)
;g

Thun- Fog. Hail.
der.

.=
.9

to)
Q)
I-<

Jan....... ..... 62.0 21.4 14 4 12.4 SW 57 SW 1
Feb. . . . . . . . . . . 88.7 30.2 8 4 12.3 W 47 NW 1
:J\-Iar. . . . . . . . . . . 122'6 33.2 9 5 12.2 8W 52 SW 1
April. . . . . . . . . . 167.4 41.7 6 4 12.1 SW 48 SW 1 1
l\Iay. . . . . . . . . . . 206.8 45,6 4 3 10.5 SW 46 SW 2 1
June. . . . . . . . . . . 246.1 53.7 2 1 8,9 W 36 E 2 1
July. . . . . . . . . . . 275.4 59.4 1 1 8.4 W 36 SW 2 1
Aug........... 238.0 55.4 2 1 8.0 SW 40 SW 2 2
Sept....... . .. . 181.8 48.7 4 1 8.4 W 34 NW 2 1
Oct......... . . . 135.7 41.7 6 2 10.5 SW 40 NW 1 2
N ov . . . . . . . . . . . 76.4 26.3 10 3 11.9 SW 53 SW 2
Dec.... . . . . . . . 54.1 19.4 15 4 12.4 SW 49 SW 1
- - - - - - - - - - -
year...... 1,855.0 81 33 10.7 SW 57 SW 12 15
·
IONTREAL. QUE.

J
F
1\
A
M
J
J
A
S
o
N
D

an...... . ... . . 76.0 34 12 6 15.5 SW 56 SW - 1 -
eb.......... . 103.4 41 9 7 16.7 SW 66 NW - 1 -
lar.......... . 145.9 45 6 8 16.7 SW 60 SESW - 1 -
pril. . . . . . . . . . 173.7 50 6 4 14.9 S 53 SW 1 1 -
ay.......... . 204.6 51 4 2 12.8 S 49 W 2 - -
une.......... . 217.3 50 2 2 11.6 SW 48 SWNW 3 - -
uly. . . . . . . . . . . 238.4 59 1 1 11.3 W 42 SW 5 - -
ug.......... . 218.6 58 2 - 10.6 SW 36 W 4 - -
ept.......... . 171.5 53 4 1 11.7 SW 38 SE NW 3 1 -
ct........... . 122.2 41 6 2 12.9 SW 45 NW 1 2 -
OV.......... . 68.5 30 11 5 14.6 SW 58 W - 1 -
ec........... 60.0 26 14 5 14.0 SW 50 NW - 1 1
- - - - - - - - - - -
year...... 1,800.1 - 77 43 13.6 SW 66 NW 19 9 1

· Days clouded, 1901-1920; wind. etc., 1896-1920.

t QUEBEC, QUE.

Jan............ 86 31.0 11 9 15.0 SW 62 NE - 1 -
Feb. . . . . . . . . . . 105 36.5 8 8 16.1 SW 69 NE - - -
Mar........... 152 41.4 7 8 15.3 SW 72 NE - 1 -
April. . . . . . . . . . 174 42.5 5 7 14.4 NE 54 NE 1 1 -
May. . . . . . . . . . . 197 42.1 4 6 14.4 NE 52 W 2 - -
June.......... . 248 44.6 4 4 13.2 SE 46 NE 4 -
July...... .. . . . 223 46.8 2 2 11.6 S 43 NESW 7 - -
Aug...... . . ... 224 48.4 2 1 10.7 SW 39 NESW 5 - -
Sept........ .. . 152 45.2 5 3 11.5 RW 42 NE 2 1 -
Oct............ 123 40.2 8 4 12.4 8W 66 NE 1 2 -
N ov . . . . . . . . . . . 65 24.0 10 5 14'0 SW 58 NE - 1 -
Dec........... 70 28.8 13 6 13.9 SW 68 NE - 1 -
- - - - - - - - - - --
year...... 1,819 - 79 63 13.5 S 72 NE 22 8 -

t Sunshine. 1903-1912; days clouded, 1903-1920; wind, etc., 1896-1920.

TEJI PER.t TLYRF L\ J) ])RECI 1)ITA TIU.Y

187

! - \\l'rag('
of
lIn
hlne. t\lnd and "flt'.1thl'r at
('ll'ch'(1 (".1113(lIan :-.tatlon
-concluded.
I.The yenrs indicnte the p<'riod of observntion on \\ hich a'\"ern&es nre hnf'f.'d.)

\\ OUTILLJ:, N.b.
0
:-\unshine I

A verap:e E;::
o'
18115-1910. (.J-
<=>
crJO)
>0-
= ø3
en
i

.

[onths. 0 ....d 0"'0
.J::
8 . ::3
-.i 00
c..... ?

t)
t8 ...- CP >.
-OE c

(.J'-
E....

.... .....
CJ CP
::3:.1 >-

Q.

Q,
- -
Inn........ .... 84.0 29.6 10
Feb.... .. . . . .. 99,6 34.4 10

fnr........... 134.0
6'4 8
.'" pril. . . . . . . . . . 147.6 36.6 7

13Y........ . . . 200.8 4:
.R 5
June. . . . . . . . . . . 2:J0.O 49.4 2
July. . . . . . . . . . . 2:J5.6 50.2 2
August.. . . .. . . 2:J2.4 5:J.6 2
Sept........ . . . 182.5 4S.6 3
Oct......... 151.4 44.8 7
::\ 0". . . . . . . . . . . (j
'9 34.7

Dec.... ... .... 67.2 24.8 11
- - -
"\9 ear. . . . . . 1,bt;l.0 75

Jan............
Feb... . . . . . . . .
)[nr. . . . . . . . . . .
ApriL... .. . . .

Iay . . . . . . . . . . .
June.......... .
July. . . . . . . . . . .
Au
st....... .
Sept ..........
Oct......... . . .
Nov... ........
Dec...........

110.3
124.2
154.8
IS4.6
205.4
217.6
236.8
223.0
li9'0
151.4
91.3
94.1

Year. . . . .. 1,9;2.5

39.2
43.1
42.0
45,6
44.4
46.4
50.2
51.2
47.8
44.8
33.3
35.9

YARMO\.tTH.
.S.
Wind Average
1896-1915. Ko. of days
1896-1915 with

btronjl;cst
Õ
Wind
.... .... Rt'Cordt.->d.
Ò ::3

0
. ..C1 be a.: c:i Thun- Fog.' Hnil
Q)>, .S der.
CJ tot'" ::3 .

. f'g ï;; . 0
....
IT.J::

CJ_ > C c......
'-'ø3 >'-' CJo :':Q.) ....
;'0 <> .....- is

- - Co
-< ...-:
-- - -- - - - - -
4 13.2 1'\ \\ 53 f'W XW - 2 -
4 13.1 :\\\ 60 R\\ - 2 -
4 12.5 s\\" 60 KW - 4 -
2 11.1 SW 4
KW - 4 -
1 9.9 SW H - 1 7 -
- 8.6
4U f'E 2 7 -
- 7.7 SW :
6 S 2 13 -
- 6.7 S\\" 65 R\\ 2 11 -
1 8.0
W 4'1 W 1 7 -
2 10.0 R 5.J: SE 1 4 -
3 12.0 SW 60 - - 2 -
3 12.6 ðW 62
W - 2 -
- - - - - - - -
24 10.5 H" 6ö
" 9 6!) -

· FREDERICTOX, X.B.

10
8
8
7
6
5
3
3
5
6
11
12

2
2
2
1
1

XW
:\\\
:\\\
XW
:-:W
\\'

W
W

W
W

\\
XW

8.2
9.3
9.5
1).2
8.0
7.4
6.6
6.7
6.9
7.7
8.1
8.5

38 :-,W
19
W
40 XW
36 ::\ W
37
W
34 :-;W
32 ::\W
28
W
30
W
33 bE NW
37
42 :\W

1
2
3
2
1

1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
4
3
2
2

1
1
2

84

12

\\

49
W

7.9

9

22

· Sunshine, 1881-1911; days clouded, 1901-1920; wind, 1896-1920.

Jan........... .
Feb....... ....
'far. . . . . . . . . . .
April. . . . . . . . . .
)lay. . .. . . . . . . .
June.......... .
July. . . . . . . . . . .
Au
....... ....
Sept. . . . . . . . . . .
Oct. . . . . . . . _. .
K ov . . . . . . . . . . .
Dec..... .. ... .

Year. . . . . . 1,798

89
112
130
153
195
226
238
229
179
114
73
60

31.8
38.9
35.3
37.6
42.1
4'S.2
50.2
52.4
47.8
33.9
25.9
22.3

t CHARLOTTETOWX, P.E.I.

13
10
9
9
7
6
4
5
6
11
13
17

8.8 NW
8.4 SW
8.6 S
8.4 SE
8.1 S
7.0 S
6.3 SW
6.5 Sw
7.2 HW
8.2 SW
9.1 W
9.0 NW

1
1
1

46 :KW
55 RE
41
w
33 SE
32 1';" E
28 S
32 SW
31 ðW
32 SNW
38 S
38 NE
38 SW

2
1
2

1
1
1

1
1
2
2
2
1

110

SE

5

8

SW

8.0

55

9

t Sunshine, 1::)06-1916; days clouded, 1907-1920; wind, etc., 1896-1920.

188

PRODUCTION

VII.-PRODUCTION.

In this section are included the statistics of agriculture, forestry,
fisheries, minerals and manufactures.

AGRICULTURE.

.

Field Crops, 1915-20.-The agricultural statistics of 1920 for
all the nine provinces of Canada were collected in co-operation with
the Provincial Governments under the system applied for the first
time in 1917. In general, therefore, the reports of both the Dominion
and Provincial Governments on the crops of 1920 record identical
results. In Table 1 are presented for Canada and by provinces
estimates of the area, yield, quality and value of the principal field
crops for each of the six years 1915 to 1920, "with the five year averages
for the period 1915 to 1919. In consulting this table it should be
remembered that comparability is affected by the new and improved
methods applied in 1917 for the provinces of Quebec, Saskatche"wan,
Alberta and British Columbia, and in 1918, 1919 and 1920 for all
the provinces. In many cases the areas in 1917 and 1918, as estab-
lished by the ne"\v method, show considerable increases, and it is not
possible to ascertain to what extent these may be due to actual
expansion. Probably the larger part of the increase shown in each
case is the result of greater accuracy in the method of collection.
Season of 1919-20.-For 1919-20 the \vinter ,vas one of excep-
tional severity, but the killing of winter sown wheat, amounting
only to 4 p.c. of the area sown, proved to be the slnallest on record.
This was due to the depth of the sno"\v and to the late spring, by which
the young crop escaped to a large extent the damaging effects of
alternate frost and thaw. The seeding season for spring grains ,vas
later than in any previous year on record, and the delay in getting
on to the land caused farmers considerable apprehension; but when
the season actually opened in l\lay the ,veather proved so favourable
that rapid progress compensated for the later start, and at the end
of l\Iay the condition of the grain crops was only slightly below
average and compared quite favourably with what it was at the
corresponding dates of recent years. Conditions remained favour-
able during June, but hot, dry "\veather during the earlier part of
July in Saskatchewan, where more than half the ,vheat crop of
Canada is grown, made the situation some"\vhat precarious. For-
tunately good rains fell during the last week of the month, just in
time to effect a decided improvement in the prospects for a good
wheat crop. An attack of grasshoppers threatened to assume very
serious proportions in Saskatchewan; but the damage was minimized
and the worst effects were averted by an energetic poisoning cam-
paign under Government direction.
Areas and Yields of Grain Crops.-The total yield of wheat
in Canada for the year 1920 "\vas finally returned as 263,189,300
bushels from 18,232,374 acres, as compared with 193,260,400 bushels

AGRICCL'TC"RF

189

fronl 19,123,DUS acres in 1 U1U and ,vith 25-1.,480, l-!U Lushcl
frolll
IG,3-!2,969 acres, the annual nveragp for thf' five years 1 HL,)-19.
T'he avpra
e yield per acre for Canada ,vas 14! bu
hels, as against
10 Lushels in 191H :lnd 15
hushels, the five-ypar averag:e. li or oats,
the finally estilnatcù production ,,-as 5:
(),709,700 bushpls froln
15,
-1D,n2q arre
, w:: cOlllparcn ".ith 30-1,387 ,OUO hu
hpI
frolll
14,932,114 ueres in IHH) and ,yith 419,774,9-10 bushels frolu 13,121,Ü04
acres, the averages for the five Yl'ar
1 Dl.>-l 9. TIlc average yield
})C'r acre ""3.S 33
busheb, as against 2Gi hushels in 1H19 and 32 hus-
Ill'ls, the five-year average. Barley yiC'lded L3,
10,5jO Lu':)hels frolll
2,351,9H) acres, a
cOlnparpd ,,-ith .)(),3
D,.tOO hu
heb froln 2,6-15,500
acn'
in 191U and with 37,104.2ü
bushel::; frolll 2,342,570 acres,
the five-year avprag('\. 1"hf' avcrage yields per acre ,,"ere 24
bushels
for 1920, 21
bushels in lU19 and 2-l
hUf'hels the íÌvp-year averag p .
Fla

eed ga ve a total yield of 7,997 ,7UU hu:-\hC'ls fronl 1,428,1 U4
acref', a
cOlnpart'd ,vith 5,472/'00 Lushels fronl 1,093,115 acres in
1919 anù with 6,3()ï ,:
-l() huslll+'i froln 8-10,37.j acres, the five-year
average. 'rhe yield per acrc ill ID20 ".as 3. () Lu:-\hels, a
against .)
hu
h('l:-, in IH19 and 7! hu:--hpls, the five-year averagc. For th('
renlaining grain crops t he tot al yiC'ld
" l'rc in hu
hels as follo,vs, the
corresponding totais for 191 U, anù for the fivc-yC'ar avpraJl,e, being
J!.iven ,,-ithin hr.u:ket:< HYl', 11.300,100 (10,:!07,4ùO and 5,5bG,320);
pcas 3,528,100 (3,40G,300 anti 3,2S5,(78); beans 1,263,300 (1,388,ûOO
and 1,472,396); buck,vhcat h,UH-1,700 (10,530,8UO nnd 8,583,520);
Juixed p:rains 32,120,700 (27 ,
tj1 ,700 and 21,354,ö9ü); anù corn for
husking 1-1,334,ðOO (lö,9-10,.")(j() and 11.011,()80). The avcrnge yield

per acre of thc
e crop
".ere in hu:-\heb as follows: Ry(\ 17
(13
and
}.j
); pea
19 (J4
and 16l); beans 17
(lü
and 15}); huckwheat
231 (23! anù 20i); nlÏxed grain
40 (31 and 33i); and corn for husk-
ing 49'- (6-1 and 501).
Root and Fodder Crops.-A
finally estiuulted, the pro-
duction of potatops ,vac:; 133J

1,400 bushels from 784,544 acres, as
cOlupared ,vith 125,374,HOO bu:,hcl
from 81
,7G7 acres in 1919 and
,,-ith bß,ô92.ö20 bushels frolu 63:3,937 acres. thc quinquennial average.
The yiel(l per acre ,yae:; thcrefore 170! bushels, ,vhich conlpares ,vith
153! bu
hels in lU19 and "Tith 1361 bushcl
, the average. Both in
average and total yielù the figur('::; for 1 D20 ""ere the highest on
rerord. Turnips, lnangolds, etc., yiclded 116,
90,900 bushels from
200,2
f) aere:-\, as conlpared ,,
ith 112,288,600 bushels froln 317,200
acres in 1910 and ".ith 79,107,OUO bu
hels froTIl 231,819 acres, the
five-year averaJZ:e. The yield per acre ,vas -101 Lu
hels, the highest
averap;e on record, and compare
,vith 354 bushels in 1919 anù ,,,ith
:341l bushels, the five-year average. Sugar beets yielded 412,400
tons from 36.2ð
acres, as compared ",-ith 2-10,000 tons from 24,500
acres and ,vith 149,920 tons from 17,900 acres, the five-year average.
The yield per acre .was 11. :37 tons, as com pared with 9.80 tons in
1919 and ,vith 8.40 tons, the average.
The yield of hay and clover ,vas 13,338,700 tons from 10,379,292
acres, a
cOlnpared ,vith the previous year's record of 16,348,000 tons
fro III 10,.595,383 acres, and ,vith the five-year average of 1:3,988,800

190

PRODUCTION

tons fron 8,992,659 acres. The average yield per acre was 1.30 ton, as
against 1.55 ton for 1919 and for the average. Grain hay in British
Columbia yielded 136,400 tons from 60,612 acres, as compared with
151,000 tons from 60,390 acres in 1919, the respective averages being
21- and 2! tons to the acre. Alfalfa yielded 583,790 tons from 238,556
acres, as against 494,200 tons from 226,869 acres in 1919 and 350,144
tons from 146,192 acres, the five-year average. The yield per acre
was 2.45 tons, as against 2.20 tons in 1919 and 2.40 tons, the five-
year average.
Value of Field Crops.-Average values per bushel of grain
crops for Canada in 1920, according to the prices returned by crop
correspondents as received by farmers, are as follo,vs, the correspond-
ing average prices for 1919 and for the five year period 1915-19 being
placed within brackets: Fall wheat $1.88 ($2.45; $1.63); spring
wheat $1.60 ($2.36; $1.56); all ,vheat $1.62 ($2.37; $1.57); oats 53
cents (80; 62); barley 83 cents (51.23; 94); rye $1.33 ($1.40; $1.37);
peas $2.42 ($2.86; $2.68) ; beans $3.88 ($4.48; $5.36) ; buck,vheat $1.28
($1.50; $1.32); mixed grains 90 cents ($1.36; $1.08) ; flax $1.94 ($4.13;
$2.62); corn for husking $1.16 ($1.30; $1.31); potatoes 97 cents
(95; 90); turnips, mangolds, etc., 41 cents (50; 42). For fodder
crops the prices are per ton as follows: Hay and clover $26.10 ($20.72;
$14.90); grain hay $33.12 ($29 for 1919); alfalfa $23.79 ($21.85; $16.10) ;
fodder corn $7.75 ($6.92; $5.82); sugar beets $12.80 ($10.86; $8.62).
The total values of crops on farms in 1920 were estimated as
follows, the corresponding values for 1919 and for the five year
average 1915-19 being given 'within brackets: 'Vheat 5427,357,300
($457,722,000; $398,339,400) ; oats $280,115,400 ($317,097,000;

261,497,260); barley $52,821,400 ($69,330,300; $53,874,514); rye
$15,085,650 ($14,240,000; $7,670,740); peas $8,534,300 ($9,739,300;
$8,801,120); beans $4,918,100 ($6,214,800; $7,885,380); buckwheat
$11,512,500 ($15,831,000; $11,316,100); mixed grains $29,236,200;
, ($37,775,400; $23,333,370); flaxseed $15,502,200 ($22,609,500;
$16,679,560); corn for husking $16,593,400 ($22,080,000; $15,656,000) ;
potatoes $129,803,300 ($118,894,200; $77,875,200); turnips, man-
golds, etc. $48,212,700 ($54,958,700; $33,076,280); hay and clover
$348,166,200 ($338,713,200; $208,489,340); grain hay $4,518,000
($4,379,000 in 1919); alfalfa $13,887,700 ($10,800,200; $5,636,020);
fodder corn $43,701,000 (:ß34,179,500 $20,692,420); sugar beets
$5,278,700 ($2,606,000;
1 ,292,060). Of all field crops in 1920 the
aggregate valuE' was $1,455,244,050, as compared with $1,537,170,100
in 1919 and with
1,372,935,970 in 1918. 1
Grain Yields of Prairie Provinces.-The finally revised total
grain yields from the three Prairie Provinces (Manitoba, Saskatche-
wan and Alberta) are as follows: 'Vheat 234,138,300 bushels from.

IThe prices for wheat in 1919, as publiEhed in the Canada Year Book, 1919, have since
been increased as a eODH'quence of the value realized by the participation certificates of
the Canadian 'Wheat Board, the payments for which were not finally made until the close
of the year 1920. The matter is fully explained in a note on the Valuation of the 'Yheat
Crop of 1919, which appeared in the
Ionthly Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics for Feb-
ruary, 1921, page 59. In Tables 1 and 4 of this section of the Year Book, therefore, the
prices for the wheat crop of 1919 have been readjusted, and the necessary consequential
a Iterations have been effected in the letterpress.

tGRICl.L1l"HE

191

lö.
-t 1.17.! :u-n.:--. a:-- rOlllparc(l with 1 (;:>.:>-1-t-,300 hU:-;f'hl
froIll 17,7;)0,-
lü7 acres ill l
n U; O
\ts 314.2H7,000 bushcls fro 111 10,070,476 acres, as
f'olnparen. "pith 233,5
O,OO() hU
}ll'ls froln Ð,432,3hß acres in lÐlÐ;
ha rl{'y lO,7ßO,500 bushels frolll 1 ,83S,7Ðl :H'f{,
, n
conlpnred \vith
3ö,ß82,400 hu
hels froln 1,800,74:> acres in 1919; rye, 8,273,HOO
hushels fronl 4b2,011 aCfl\S, as compared ".ith 7 ,2G2,400 bushels frolll
573,218 acres in 1919; flax
ced 7,fi

,ROO bushels fronl 1,391,07G
acres, as cOlllparcd \vith 5,232,300 bushels frolH 1 ,Oö
,OI4 acres in
1019.

1.- --'.re3, Tit'ld, eluaJlt)" and ,. altu" of l-rilldpaI }'(('ld ('rop
In {',ula(la, 1915-20 and
}'he 1. Y ear _\'era
l', 1915-19.

Field Crops.

I
Yi..ld
I \.rea. 1)(' r
RCrf'.
I
I acn.s. bu
h.
1,030,:;\\1

.4.)
81
,2tj4 21.50
725,300 21.50
I 4lO,615 19.(}()
()72,793 23.7.')
R14,133 24.00
732,711 23.50
14. 07S, 834 2,').87
14,.:'>51,44.') 16.85
14,mO,550 15.50
16,9
7,287 10.7.1
18,453,175 9.50
17,41R,241 14.oo
15,610,2,')8 15.25
15,109,41.1 2û,0:;
15,3(i9,709 17.10'
14,7.;5,R50 15,75
17,535,902 ll.oo
19, 12.j, 9ßR 10.00
18,232,374 14.50
16,342,969 15.50
11 , 555, 681 40.24
1O,9U6,487 37,30
13,313,400 30.25
14,790,336 28.75
14,952,114 26.2.3
15,849,928 33.50
13,121,604 32. oo
1,718,432 31.51
1,802,996 23.72
2,392,200 23.00
3,153,711 24.50
2,645,509 21.25
2,551,919 24.75
2,342,570 24.50
121,677 20.43
148,404 19.38
211,880 18.25
555,294 15.25
753,081 13.50
649,654 17.50
358,067 15.50

('anada -
Fall "heat. .. . .I91j
19lü
1917
1918
1919
19:!0
A.nr&ges.1915-19j
:-:-prmg wheat... 191JI
1916
1917 1
191b
1919
19:?0
Averages, 1915-19.
_\11 wheat. . ... 1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1\veragcs, 1915-19.
Oats......... . . .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.
Barley........ .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.
Rye...... . . .. , .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19,

W<,il!ht AvcT.J.gc
per . pnce
Total Yit..ld. measun'd pc'r Total Valuo
LusllPl. Lu::;llf'l.

hu'Sh. lb. $ $
29,3:.0,()OO :m.71 0.90 27,149,700
17,.>[J0,OOO .')H.52 1.54 27,118,300
15, :;
:
, 450 59.37 2-08 32,336,900
7,942,800 61.19 2.08 16,516,000
lü, 006, 000 61.20 2.45 39, 3:3ß, 000
19,41)9,200 (i0. 14 1.88 36, .1.10,.>00
17,278,570 60.20 1.63 28,19,'),100
364,2:!2,000 60.31 0.91 329,G67,2oo
245,191,000 56,51 1 . 2!J 316,978,100
218,209,400 59.48 1.93 420,701,700
Ihl,132,5.10 .1}8.69' 2.02 3ß.), 161,700
177,254,400 5b.53 2.36 41R,3R6,000
243,720,loo 59.07 1.60 3!JO, 80ß, 800
237,201,870 58.70 1.56 370,144,300
393, 542, 600 60.19 0.91 356, R1ü, 900
2û2, 781,000 57,10 1.31 344,09û,4oo
233,742,850 59.46 1.94 453,038,6oo
1
9, 075, 3.10 59.44 2.02 381,677,700
193, 2ßO, 400 59.12 2.37 4.37,722,000
26.3,189.300 59.35 1.62 427,357,300
254, 4RO, 440 59,06 1.57 398,339,400
464, 954,4oo 36.61 0.36 171,009,loo
410,211,000 33.86 0.51 210,957,500
403, 009,800 33.55 0.69 277,065,300
426,312,500 35.61 0.78 331,357,400
394,387,000 34.lü O.hO 317,097,000
530, 709, 700 35.62 0.53 280,115,400
419,774,940 34.76 0.62 261,497,260
54,017,100 48.26 0.52 27,985,800
42,770,000 45.66 0.82 35,024,000
55,057,7.jO 46.97 1.08 59,654,400
77,287,240 47.24 1.00 77,378,670
56,389,400 46.32 1.23 ß9,330,300
63,310,5,')0 46.62 0.83 52,821,400
57,104,298 46.89 0.94 53,874,514
2,486,200 56.32 0.77 1,921,900
2,876,400 54.95 1.11 3,196,000
3,857,200 53.44 1.62 6,267,200
8,504,400 55.60 1.49 12,728,600
10,207,400 55.09 1.40 14,240,000
11,306,400 55.44 1.33 15,085,650
5,586,320 55.80 1.37 7,670,740
,

192

PRODUCTION

I.-Area, Yield, Quality and Value of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Five Y ear Average, 1915-19-con.

Weight
Yield per
Field Crops. Area. per Total Yield Ineasured
acre. bushel.
acres. bush. bush. lb.
anada-con.
Peas......... . . .1915 196,065 17.67 3,454,250 60.74
1916 151,790 14.50 2,218,100 59.88
1919 198,88] 15.25 3,026,340 59.81
1918 235,976 18.25 4,313,400 59.93
1919 230,351 14.75 3,406,300 59,60
1920 186,348 19.00 3,528,100 60.44
AVE-rages, 1915-19. 202,613 16.25 3,285,678 59.99
Beans.. . . . . . . . .1915 43,310 16.70 723,400 59.61
1916 32,500 12.70 412,600 60.00
1917 92,457 13.75 1,274,000 59.70
1918 228,577 15.50 3,563,380 58.67
1919 83,577 16.50 1,388,600 59.99
1920 72,163 17.50 1,265,300 59.73
Averages, 1915-19. 96,084 15.25 1,472,396 59.59
Buckwheat.. . . .1915 343,800 22.88 7,865,900 48.02
1916 341,500 17,50 5,976,000 46.35
1917 395,977 18.00 7,149,400 46.49
1918 548, 097 20.75 11,375,500 47.41
1919 444,732 23.50 10,550,800 47.23
1920 378,476 23.75 8,994,700 47.95
Averages, 1915-19. 416,821 20.75 8,583,520 47,10
Mixed grains... .1915 467,001 37.51 17,517,600 44.98
1916 412,670 25.75 10,584,800 43.13
1917 497,236 32.[0 16,157,080 44.41
1918 921,826 38.75 35,662,300 46.39
1919 901,612 31.00 27,851,700 44.83
1920 811,634 40.00 32,420,700 44.65
Averages, 1915-19. 640,069 33.75 21,554,696 44.75
Flaxseed....... .1915 4E3,359 13.19 6,114,000 55.28
1916 6.57,7S1 12.56 8,259,800 54.99
1917 919,500 6.50 5,934,900 54.73
1918 1,068,120 5.75 6,055,200 53.72
1919 1,093,115 5.00 5,472,800 55.14
1920 1,428,164 5.60 7,997,700 54.79
Averages, 1915-19. 840,375 7.50 6,367,340 54.77
Corn for husk-
ing.. . . . . . . . . .1915 253,300 56.72 14,368,000 56.32
1916 173,000 36.25 6,282,000 56.51
1917 234,339 33.00 7,762,700 56.18
1918 250,000 56.75 14,205,200 53.97
1919 2C4,607 64.00 16,940,500 -
1920 291,650 49.25 14,334,800 56.45
Averages, 1915-19. 235,049 50.75 11,911,680 55.74
Potatoes........ .1915 485,777 124.24 60,353,000 -
1916 472,992 133.82 63,297,000 -
1917 656,9.r58 121.50 79,892,000 -
1918 735,192 142.00 104,346,200 -
1919 818,767 153.50 12.5,574,900 -
1920 784,544 170.50 133,831,400 -
Averages, 1915-19. 633,937 136.75 86,692,620 -

C

Average
price
per Total Value.
bushel.

S $
1.65 5,724,100
2.22 4,919,000
3.54 10,724,100
2.99 12,899,100
2.86 9,739,300
2.42 8,534,300
2.68 8,801,120
3.05 2,206,800
5.40 2,228,000
7.45 9,493,400
5.41 19,283,900
4.48 6,214,800
3.88 4,918,100
5.36 7,885,380
0.75 5,913,000
1.07 6,375,000
1.46 10,443,400
1.58 18,018,100
1.50 15,831,000
1.28 11,512,500
1.32 11,316,100
0.57 10,062,300
0.88 9,300,900
1.16 18,801,750
1.14 40,726,500
1.36 37,775,400
0.90 29,236,200
1-08 23,333,370
1.51 9,210,400
2.04 16,889,900
2.65 15,737,000
3.13 18,951,000
4.13 22.609,500
1.94 15,502,200
2.62 16,679,560
0.71 10,243,000
1.07 6,747,000
1.84 14,307,200
1.75 24,902,800
1.30 22,080,000
1.16 16,593,400
1.31 15,656,000
0.60 36,459,800
0.81 50,982,300
1.01 80,804,400
0.98 102,235,300
0.9.5 118,894,200
0.97 129,803,300
0.90 77,875,200

AGRICULTURE

193

t.- \.rea, 'Yh'ld, Qualit) itlld Yallu' of PrhU'I()al }'It.ld Crofts In Canada, 1915-20 .nld
t'iw }" t'itr A H'ra
t', 1915-19--con.

Weight \ vrrn.go
Yield per price
l"ipld Crop
. ..\rea. I 'r Total Yicld. lIl<,asured P<'r Total Value.
acre. bushel. bush.
('"nada -con. acr<,s. bush. bush. lb. I I
Turnips, man-
goldd, ptc.... .1915 15ß,ß91 3S4.05 60,175,000 - 0.24 14,.'>SS,700
19W 141, 839
64 .24 36,921,100 - 0.39 14,329,000
1917 218,233 290.7.'> 63,451,000 - 0'4ß 29, 25.1,000
1918 32,'), o:n 377. ,'>0 122, 1i!J9, GOO - 0.43 52,252,000
1919 317,296 354.00 112, 2R
, (i001 - 0.50 54, 9M
, 700
19
0 290,286 401.00 116, :mo, 900 1 - 0.41 48,212,700
.\v<,ragl.:
, 1915-19.
31 , 819 341 .25 79,107,060 1 - 0.42 33,07G,2S0
tons. tons. p<,r ton.
Hay and clovpr.1915 7,770,995 1.36 10,612,000, - ]4.37 152,531,600
191G 7, R21, 2.
7 1.8G 14, .'>27,000' - 11.üO 1 ().
, 54 7 , 900
1917 H, 22.., 034 1.66 13,684,700 - 10.33 141,376,700
191H 10,544, fì2.. 1.40 14,772,300 - If) . 25 241,277,300
1919 1O,59,'),3s'1 1.5,') lü, 34
, 000 -
0.72 338,713,
00
1920 10,379,292 1.30 ]3,338,700 - 26.10 34S, 16fi,200
A.yerages, 191&-19. 8,fJf)2,659 1.5.1 13,9S8,
00 - 14.90
OS,4
9,340
Grain hay
(B.C.). . . .. .. .1919 (;0,390 2.50 151,000 1 - 29.00 4,379,OO{)
192{) liO,lil2 2.25 13ß,400 - 33.12 4,,')18,000
.\UaUa......... .1915 98,4S
2.6,j 21iO, 970' - 12.68 3,amJ,loo
1916 99, :
50 2.91 280,750 - 10,69 3, Olin, 000
1917 109, S:!,
2.39
62,4oo - 11 . ,1)9 3, 041 , 300
1918 196,4:!8 2.25 446,400 - 17.84 7, 9fj3,':;00
1919 220,869 2.20 494,200 - 21.85 10,800,200
19
0 238,5.'>6 2.45 5
a,790 - 23.79 13,887,700
.\verages, 1915-19 146,192 2.40 350,144 - 10,10 5,û30,020
I'oddpr corn.. ...1915 332,4ß9 10.17 3,3S
,770 - 4.91 16,ßI2,000
191ß 293, O,
8 6.05 1,907,800 - 4.92 9,396,000
1917 31iß,518 7.34 2, 690, 370! - 5.14 13,834,900
1918 SO:!,On9 9..50 4,787, :,00 - 0.15 29,439,100
1919 ,511,7n9 9.75 4,942,7(.0 - 6.92 34, 179,,
00
1920 5RS, 977 9.00 5,641,7;)û - 7.75 43,701,000
.\ verages, 1915-19 401,177 8.8;) 3,542,240 - 5.82 20,692,420

ugar:beets.... .1915 18,000 7.83 141,000 - 5.50 775,500
1910 15,000 4.7,
7l,00ú - 6.20 440,000
1917 14,000 8.40 117, ßOO I - 6.7,
79;
, SOO
1918 18,000 10.00 180,000 - 10.25 1, 84,
, 000
1919 24,.'>00 9.80 240,000 - 10.86 2,006,000
1920 30,28S 11.37 412,400 - 12.80 5,278,700
_-\.veJagcs, 1915-19 17,900 8.40 149,920 - 8.62 1,292,000
Prince };d \\ ard per
Island - hush. bu!'h. bush.
Spring wheat.. .1915 34,400 19.00 653,{)00 59.0.5 1.08 70.
, ROO
1916 34,500 16.7,5 578.000 58.79 1.52 879,000
1917 36,000 14.50 522,000 57.6.1 2.09 1,091,000
1918 30, 3,
2 20.00 600,000 59.93 2.22 1,344,000
1919 35,59,5 17.00 624,600 59.00 2.73 1,705,200
19
0 37,601 12.00 4,
2 , 900 5.5.56 2.00 906,000
_-\.verages, 1915-19 34, 169 17.50 590,840 58.88 1.86 1,110,300
Oats......... . . .1915 196,000 34.80 6,832,500 36.70 0.45 3,074,600
1916 199,000 37.25 7,413,000 36.93 0.01 4,522,000
1917 201,000 32.2,5 6,4K2,300 34.80 0.80 5, 18,'>, 800
1918 169, 729 34.':;0 5,839,000 36.42 0.77 4,535,000
1919 174,937 34.00 6,038,000 36.00 0.85 5,132,000
1920 183,452 27.75 5,09.5,000 32.}'5 0.70 3,567,000
A\ erages, 1915-19 18ð,133 34.75 6,520,960 36.17 0.69 4,489,880

18427-13

194 PRODUCTION
I.-Area, Yield, QuaDt)" and 'T alue of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
I'ive Year A\erage, 1915-19-con.
Weigh t Average
Yield per price
Field Crops. Area. per Total Yield. measured per Total Value.
acre. bushel. bushel.
Prince Edward acres. bush. bush. lb. $ $
Island-con.
Barley........ .1915 3,700 28.88 106, 800 48.83 0.71 7.1),800
1916 3,600 29.25 105, 000 47.40 0.95 100,000
1917 3,500 28.50 99,750 46.45 1.22 121,700
1918 5,672 28.50 162,000 49.31 1.25 203,400
1919 5,636 29.00 164,000 50.00 1.40 229,700
1920 5,046 24.50 123,000 47.47 1.27 156,200
Averages, 1915-19 4,422 28.75 12,751 58.40 1.15 146,120
Peas. ... . . .. . . . .1915 70 15.75 1,100 61.67 2.33 2,500
1916 60 22.25 1,300 59.71 2.19 2,800
1917 60 14.00 840 60.60 2.86 2,400
1918 460 16.00 7,300 60.66 2.90 21,200
1919 490 16.00 8,100 60.00 3.25 26,300
1920 164 16.50 2, 700 60.00 3.00 8,100
Averages, 1915-19 228 16.25 3,728 60.53 2.96 11,040
Buckwheat. . . . .1915 2,600 29.00 75,400 48.15 0.75 56,500
1916 2,500 27.25 68,000 49.10 1.00 68,000
1917 2,500 29.00 72,500 47.80 1.32 95,700
1918 5,592 21.75 122,000 48.77 1.44 175,500
1919 4,094 20.75 87,800 48.80 1.50 132,000
1920 4,035 23.50 95,000 46.67 1.30 123,500
Averages, 1915-19 3,457 24.50 85, 140 48.52 1.24 105,540
:Mixed grains. . .1915 8,000 38.65 309,200 43.00 0.55 170,000
1916 8,000 41.25 330,000 47.60 0.75 248,000
1917 7,800 38.25 298,400 42.61 0.98 292,400
1918 13,475 44.50 600,000 45.00 1.04 623,400
1919 18,900 44.00 843,400 44.00 1.22 1,039,400
1920 16,504 33.75 556,600 41.44 0.85 473,000
Averages, 1915-19 11, 235 42.50 476,200 44.44 1.00 474,640
Potatoes....... .1915 31,000 114.78 3,558,000 0.46 1,637,000
1916 31,000 206.00 6,386,000 0.52 3,321,000
1917 35,000 175.00 6,125,000 0.75 4,594,000
1918 31,543 170.00 5,362,300 0.63 3,378,000
1919 36,234 125.00 4,529,000 0.85 3,850,000
1920 36,322 170.00 6,174,700 0.65 4,013,600
Averages, 1915-19 32,955 157.50 5,192,060 0.65 3,356,000
Turnips, man-
golds, etc.. . . .1915 7,900 449.46 3,551,000 0.26 923,000
1916 8,000 477.00 3,816,000 0.28 1,068,000
1917 8,100 505.39 4,094,000 0.31 1,269,000
1918 8,246 520.50 4,292,000 0.29 1,244,700
1919 12,337 518.00 6,396,000 0.26 1,638,800
1920 9,397 481.75 4, .529, 000 0.30 1,359,000
Averages, 1915-19 8,917 496.75 4,429,800 0.28 1,228,700
tons. tons. per ton.
Hay and clover.1915 198,000 1.77 351,000 12.18 4,275,000
1916 199,000 1.70 338,000 11.56 3,907,000
1917 197,000 1.55 305,400 12.67 3,869,000
1918 222,691 1.50 334,000 14.17 4,732,800
1919 238,883 1.80 428,000 20.00 8,564,000
1920 243,394 1.25 304,200 26.00 7,909,000
Averages, 1915-19 210,915 1.65 351,280 14.43 5,069,560
Fodder corn... .1915 260 13.00 3,400 3.00 1O,2UO
1916 250 13.00 3,300 2.50 8,300
1917 250 7.00 1,800 5.00 9,000
1918 420 5.25 2,200 9.00 19,800
1919 .522 12.00 6,260 8.00 50,000
1920 190 8.00 1,500 10.00 15,000
.
verages, 1915-19 340 9.95 3,391 5.74 19,460

.tGRICULTURP

195

1.-.\rt'a. \ It'ld. CluaUf) nnd 'alut' of 'Þrlndl)al "'it'hl (.rOl)'" In (".LU.U)". 1915-.?O and
"'Î\t' }-t'ar \\t"ra
t.. 1915-19 -con.

I
I W('ight .\ v
ragc
Yipld
ppr pu pnc('
Fi<,ld Crops. _ \ fea. Total "\ ipld. l1H'a:-;urcd ppr Total vallH'.
:l("rp. hu
h('l. huslwl.
acres. bush. hu:-;h. lb. S S
::\0\3 Scotia -
:-':pring wheat.. .1915 13,300 18..57 247.000 .19.26 1.21 2t1s.700
191f> 13,400 19..50 261,000 :)9. 9.5 1.70 444,000
1917 16,:?00 1.1.7.3 2.'>.1), 1.'>0 .1)7.93 2.34 fí97,OOO
1915 32, 737 22.25 72
,OOO .i9.43 2.36 1,71S,OOO
1919 28,9.11 19..50 .if..!,OOO .,8.32 2.81 1, 5S.1, 000
1920 26,116 19.50 .i 11 , !tOO 59.00 2.15 I, mI.':), 000
.-\veragcs, 1915-19. 20,914 19.7.1 411,030 58.9S 2.26 92b,.')40
Oats.......... . .191.5 112,000 31.14 3,487,700 34.1
0'.19 2,0.37,700
191(; 116,000 34.75 4 , m 1 , ()()O 34.19 0.71 2,862,000
1917 123,000 2!J. 25 :
, 597, ROO 32.21-. 0.92 3,310,000
1911" 14.i, 0.1G 37.25 .1,403,000 34.69 1.06 5,727,000
1919 l.iS,83S 36.00 5,71
,OOO 34.,')4 1.14 6,519,000
1920 l.i2,97ß 30.2.i 4,ß3ü,ROO 33.4,') 1.00 4,614,000
A \ erages, 1915-19. 130,97.5 34.00 4,447,500 33.9S 0.92 4,095,140
Barlcy. . . . . . .. .1915 4,HOo 26.20 12",400 48.39 O.SO 102,700
HHh 4,700 2ß. 2.3 123.000 48..i8 0.99 122,000
1917 4,f\OO 24.7.i 118,800 46.:;4 1.34 }.1)9, 200
HH8 11,571 30.00 347,000 48.19 1.62 5()2,000
1919 13, MJ4 31 . :?5 434,000 46.97 1.77 768,000
IH:?O 11,4s7 26.00
!J
, 100 46.76 1.51 4.12,000
.\verag('s, 1915-19. 7,973 29.00 230,240 47.73 1.49 342,7S0
R
-e..... ...1915 300 1.5.00 4,500 .l)r. .00 1.08 4,900
1916 3:?0 17.00 5,400 j{) . 00 1.2.1 6,800
191. 300 1.1.00 4.500 54.50 1.()7 7, 500
191b. 531 14.,rjO 7,700 .1.1.67 1.85 14,200
1919 1,04(j 29.50 31,000 .13.00 1..1.'> 48,000
19:?0' 470 15.00 7, 100 .i6. ()() 1.50 10, 6.50
.'\xcragc's, 1915-19.1 49!1 21.25 10,620 ,');).03 1.53 16,280
Peas. . . . . . . .. . . . 1915 190 IS.6r. 3,.1.50 .19.00 2.01 7,100
1916 1
0 17.75 3,200 :,9. RO 2.73 8,700
1917 170 14.25 2,400 .18.50 4.44 10,700
HUb l 1,753 IS.75 33,000 59.50 3.20 106,000
1919 1,896 20.00 38,000 .i8.50 3.84 146,000
1920 1 1,046 20.50 21, 400 .16.81 3.67 7S,5oo
Averagl's, 1915-19.1 838 20.00 16,030 59 . ()() 3.47 55,700
Beans......... .1915 840 17.5ü 14,700 59.8;
3.87 56,800
1916 8.10 16.2.1 13,SOO fiO.oo 5.62 78,000
1917 1,000 17.75 17,7.10 59.00 7.95 141,100
1918 8,829 lß'25 143,000 59. 14 7.34 1,050,000
1919 6,8.59 12.75 87,000 57.56 6.37 554,000
1920 4.617 IS.50 85, 900 58.50' 6.00, 51.1,400
- - - -

Averages, 191.r19.
Buckwheat.... .1915
191ô
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.

3,6,6
10,200
10,000
10, 900
19,342
17,384
13, 1061
13,56.)
I

1.).001
21. 72 1
24..50
21.00 1

t
I '
22.2.5
23.25

5t:>,2aO

59.11

221,500
245,000
22H,900
445,000
4
9,000
291. 400
315,
80

47.4.5
46.97
46.56
47-10
47.23
47.27
47.06

18-l27-13

6.811
0. 72 1
0.84
1.14
1.35
1.55
1.36
1.21

3,5,980
159, .500
20ö, 000
261,000
601,000
680,000
397,000
381,500

196

PRODUCTION

I.-Area, Yield, Quality and Valnt' of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Five Year Average, 1915-19-con.

YieJd ,V eight Average
Field Crops. Area. per per price
Total Yield. measured per Total Value.
acre. bushel. bushel.
acres. bush. bush. lb. $ $
N ovaIScotia-con. 4,100
Mixed grains... .1915 34.16 140,000 43.05 0.71 99,400
1916 4,100 34.00 139,000 44.07 0.92 128,000
1917 4,000 24.00 96,000 39.91 1.24 119,000
1918 5,407 36.00 195,000 42.24 1.30 254,000
1919 8,628 37.50 218,000 46.77 1.53 334,000
1920 6,171 32.50 200,600 39.20 1.32 265,000
Averages, 1915-19. 5,247 30.00 157,600 43.21 1.19 186,880
JPotatoes........1915 33,700 141.23 4,759,000 - 0.58 2,760,000
1916 34,500 201.00 6,935,000 - 0.69 4,785,000
1917 41,000 174.94 7,173,000 - 0.92 6,599,000
1918 51,250 190.75 9,776,000 - 0.93 9,092,000
1919 62,060 161.00 9,992,000 - 1.09 10,891,000
1920 50,092 203.75 10,209,000 - 0.98 9,966,000
Averages, 1915-19. 44,502 173.75 7,727,000 - 0.88 6,825,400
Turnips, man-
golds, etc... . .1915 9, 200 390.02 3,589,000 - 0.34 1,223,000
1916 9,000 404.00 3,636,000 - 0.42 1,527,000
1917 9,100 350.93 3,193,000 - 0.47 1,501,000
1918 23,823 391.25 9,320,700 - 0.58 5,406,000
1919 30,291 537.75 16,289,000 - 0.60 9,773,000
1920 19,946 431.75 8,611,000 - 0.62 5,368,000
Averages, 1915-19. 16,283 442.50 7,205,540 - 0.54 3,886,000
tons. tons. per ton
Hay and clover.1915 538,000 1.78 958,000 - 13.33 12,770,000
1916 553,000 1.80 995,000 - 12.25 12,189,000
1917 542,000 1.65 894,000 - 11.83 10,580,000
1918 605,464 1.45 878,000 - 20.00 17,560,000
1919 678,357 2.10 1,425,000 - 22.34 31,835,000
1920 632,069 1.50 948,000 - 35.00 24,966,000
Averages, 1915-19. 583,364 1.75 1,030,000 - 16.49 16,986,800
Alfalfa........ . .1915 30 2.30 70 - 13.00 900
1916 30 5.00 150 - 15.00 2,300
1917 30 3.50 100 - 15.00 1,500
Averages, 1915-17. 30 3.55 80 - 14.69 1,567
Fodder corn.. . .1915 500 4.64 2,300 - 7.00 16,000
1916 500 8.75 4, 400 - 2.50 11 , 000
1917 480 9.20 4,400 - 6.00 26,400
1918 4,644 9.50 44, 000 - 9.00 396,000
1919 2,960 9.50 28,000 - 8.00 224,000
1920 1,451 8.00 11 , 600 - 10.00 116,000
Averages, 1915-19. 1,817 9-15 16,620 - 8.10 134,680
per
New Brunswick- bush. bush. bush.
Spring wheat.. .1915 14,000 19.09 267,000 59.59 1.26 335,000
1916 14,000 17.25 242,000 59.20 1.72 416,000
1917 16,000 12.00 192,000 58.43 2.25 432,000
1918 49,453 19.00 940,250 59.68 2.32 2,183,700
1919 35,641 17.50 623,000 59.61 2.80 1,744,400
1920 29,485 15.75 464,400 58.25 2.11 979,900
Averages, 1915-19. 25,819 17.50 452,850 59.30 2.26 1,022,220
Oats......... . . .1915 201,000 27.66 5,559,600 36.33 0.55 3,058,000
1916 198,000 30.50 6,039,000 35.49 0.68 4,107,000
1917 190,000 22.50 4,275,000 33.33 0.94 4,018,500
1918 224,442 31.50 7,051,400 35.32 0.97 6,877,400
1919 305,484 30.25 9,261,000 35.10 0.98 9,086,000
1920 309,071 29.50 9, 117, 600 34.93 0.60 5,470,600
A vera es 1915-19. 223,785 28.75 6.437,200 35. 11 0.84 5,429,380

g ,

AGRICULTURB 197
1.-.\r('a. 1 jt'ld. Qualit) and ';1.1Ut' of PrhH'll)al Fit'ld f'rol)S In f'anada 191,
-20 and
f'iu' Y t'ar \ H'ra Pt. 1915-19 -con.
Weiv;ht Average
Yipld })('r pric '
Field Crops. An'n. })('r Total Yield. IHl'a.sured ppr Total Yalu(\.
Rc'rp. bu:-;}U'l. huslH'l.

t'\\ IIruns"ick acres. bu
h . bu
h. lb. S S
-con.
Barle) . . . . . . . . .1915 2,1O() 22. !.6 4
,OOO 48.85 O.S5 40, SOO
HH6 1 , uno 23.75 4.1 , ()()(J 46.70 1.00 45,000
191i 1 , son 22.00 :
9, fiOO 12.R4 1.3fi 53,900
191ð 6,601 24.7.5 Ih:J, 140 47.H7 1..1,1) 253,270
1919 1O,6j):? 20.75 2X.1,00() 47.4S 1 . :
,I) 3R5,OOO
W20 I\,17i 23.75 194 , 200 46..50 1.41 2n, soo

\ Vl'rUJ.!;ps, 1915-19. 4,613 25.25 116, 14
16.77 1.34 1.5.),,)94
Rye........... .1918 30
16.2.) 5,()O() 1.
.,) !), 000
1919 353 20.00 7,000 56.00 2.()() 14,000
1920 2:>4 14.00 3, (;00 l.ðO 6,.100
.Av('rav;c
, 1918-19. 330 18.2.> 6,000 1.92 11 , ;')00
Peas...... ... . . .1 U5 420! 17.0ð 6,700 fiO . 2i 2.52 If),
IOO
19lß 400, 16.50 6, HOO (;0.21 2.4(; It), 200
191il 400 15.00 6,000 fiO . 4,) 2.S:3 17,nOO
1918 4,0771 14.7.)1 (iO, 100, 59.37 3'li
221,
00
191!J 1 4, fin7, 14.7.1 mi. 000, .5!J.
5 3.03 209,000
1 !.2OI 2,S44 1.1.00 42,700 60..10 2.35 100,300
_\vemJ!;p
, 191'>-19. I, !'9!1 14.75 29,
O, 60.03 3.24 9H,OüO
lka ns. . . . . . . . . . I!) 1 ;) 270 1 21.37 5,700 1 f,o . 71 4.03 23,000
lOW' :?10 1.1.25 3,800 1 no.,r)4 H. ] 1 23,000
HHi: 300 1!h10 .1,S.10
9,001 H.75 51,200
HilS 5, 491 1 1.1.:;0 S'), .')
O .!9.39 1 8.0.1 fi
9,400
HH91 6,409 lfi . .10 JOn, 000 ,)
h5b1 5.2S .5.56,000
19:?0 4,2')4' 1ß.2.j' 69,100 HO.OO\ 3.39 234,200
_h'('ra
c
, 191.1-19.' 2,.')44 1 Jf).2SI -! 1 , 386 59.64 6.49 26S,.520
Buckw}lC'at... . .191.31 I
5S, ()()(I, 2:2. f)'- 1.31.1,000: 47..,.1 0.73 960,000
19W\ 53, noo' .).) __I 1.
Oft, ()()() I 4t)..11 0.84 1,013,000
__' 1 ')1
If Hi 57,0001 HJ.50, 1, 111. .1)00 4.'),48, 1.13 1,2.1)fi,000
191X 72,4'ì;j' :?O . 7,) I 1, 4U9, ;')00 47.38 1.6S 2,477,000
19H}
. 74.642 2.j.001 1 , x71 , 000 47.74 1.36 2,547,000
19:?0 üü,3fift .)C) ...- 1,;OH,f'OO 40. 691 1.4S 2, 1
9,200
_"-. la
_\ verages, 191
19. 63,02.3 22.2.> 1,400,fìOO 413.92 1.18 1,6[0,600

liXl'd grains....1915 900 1 31.50 2S,4()() 4.1).80 0.71
O,OOO
191() ðiOI 34.25 30,000 43.2.') 0.7R 23,000
191'1 840 19.50 16,3
n 4:
. 29 1.10 18,000
191b 4, 292 1 32.50 ]39,900 42.97 1.2S 17.1),200
19191 5,297 33.75 179,000 43.83 1.23 220,000
1920 3,3!J.1. 29.7.1 101,000 41.00 1.17 118,200
_\veraJ,!;(':-;, 19]5-19.1 2,4-10 1 32.2.3 78,736 4:3.83 ] .16 91,240
}'otatoes........1915 40,000, 144.31 5,772,000 0.64 3,694,000
19W 39,000 1 192.00 7.48
.OOO 0.84 6,290,000
1917 46,000 1 149.80 1 6,
9],000 1.13 7,787,000
191h -- '""? 15
. 501 9, 077, ü()() 1.00 9,0ï7,600
,)/,2/_
191!J 75,573 142.75 10,790,200 0.97 1O,4fi6,00O
1920 78,335 19R.00 15,510,300 0.70 1O,8.)7.
00
Averages, 191
19. 51 , 569 155. 25 1 8,003,760 0.93 7,462,920
Turnips, lllan-
golds, etc... . .1915 8,000 329. 10 2,633,000 0.33 '3mJ,OOO
1916 7,700 41l'00
3,165,000 0.45 1,424,000
1917 7,700 300.54 2,314,000 0.61 1,412,000
1915 18,507 350.00 6,477,.500 0.58 3, 7.j7, 000
1919 1 24,279 3üü.50 8,898,800 0.5
5, 1.5.1, 000
1920 1 20,0:30, 353.00 7,070,600 0.20 1,414, ]00
.\ vcrages, 191.5-19. 13,237 355 . 00 4,697,660 0.54 1 2,523,400

198

PRODUCTION

I.-Area, Yield, Qualit)" and '.alue of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Fhe Year A,'erage, 1915-19-con.

acres.

Yield 'V eight Average
per per price
Total Yield. measured Total Value.
acre. bushel. per ton.
tons. tons. lb. $ $
1.39 791,000 - 14.00 11,074,000
1.48 850,000 - 11.27 9,563,000
1.60 909.000 - 10.29 9,354,000
1.50 1,111,000 - 15.30 16,998,300
1.40 1,111,000 - 20.26 22,512,000
1.20 871 .700 - 27.87 24,294,300
1.45 954,400 - 14.56 13,900,260
1.50 1,800 - 9.00 16,200
7.00 770 - 2.50 1,900
10.00 1,000 - 4.00 4,000
9.00 770 - 6.00 4,600
4.50 15,600 - 10.00 156,000
5.00 30,000 - 8.00 240,000
8.00 41,900 - 10.00 419,000
5.00 9,628 - 8.44 81, 300
per
bush. bush. bush.
19.88 1,411,000 59.62 1.34 1,891,000
15.00 960,000 57.71 1.86 1,786,000
14-00 3,883,600 57.94 2.46 9,553,700
17.25 6,308,000 58.82 2.28 14,382,000
16.75 4,206,000 59.12 2.86 12,029,000
17.00 3,775,000 59.45 2.24 8,456,000
16.25 3,353,720 58.64 2.36 7,928,340
30.13 42,182,000 36.92 0.55 23,200,000
22.75 24,411,000 33.55 0.77 18,796,000
21.75 32,466,200 34.34 0.92 29,868,900
27.25 52,667,000 35.98 1.00 52,667,000
26.75 57,275,000 35.47 1.06 60,712,000
30.25 66,729,000 36.51 0
88 58,722,000
26.00 41,800,240 35,25 0.87 37,048,780
26.53 2,255,000 48.79 0.86 1,939,000
20.00 1,456,000 46.67 1.15 1,674,000
18.50 3,063,600 48.14 1.58 4,840,500
24.00 4,551,000 48.16 1.62 7,373,000
22.75 5,344,000 47.63 1.64 8,764,000
25.25 4,910.000 47.83 1.41 6,923,000
22.25 3,339,920 47.87 1.47 4,918,000
16.71 145,000 55.90 1.12 162,000
14.25 118,000 53.97 1.40 165,000
16.75 376,000 53.36 1.78 669,300
16.25 472,000 54.78 2.10 991,000
17.25 578,000 .15.87 2.00 1,156,000
18.75 534,000 55.70 1.8S 1,004,000
16.50 337,800 54.77 1.86 628,660
16.56 404,000 61.14 2.47 998,000
14.00 302,000 59.95 3.22 972,000
12.00 797,500 59.75 4.51 3,596,700
15.50 1,664,000 60.26 4.14 6,889,000
15.00 1,225,000 60.14 3.62 4,435,000
17.00 1,035,000 60.74 3.36 3,478,000
14.50 878,500 60.25 3.85 3,378,140

Field Crops. Area.

New Brunswick-
con. Þr",1

Hay and clover .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.
Alfalfa.. . ... . . . .1918

Fodder corn... .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Ayerages, 1915-19.
Quebec-
Bpring wheat. . .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.
Oats......... . . .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.
Barley. . . . . . . . .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.
Rye...... . . . . . .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19.
Peas......... . . .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Ayerages, 1915-19.

569,000
574,000
568,000
740,637
786,175
726,380
647,562

1,178

110
100
85
3,459
5,906
5,24

1 , 93

71,000
64,000
277,400
365,670
251,089
222,045
205,832
1,400,000
1,073,000
1,492,700
1,932,720
2,141,107
2,205,908
1,607,905
85,000
72,800
165,000
189,202
234,892
194,444
149,499
8,700
8,300
22,450
29,063
33,481
28,462
20,399
24,400
21,600
66,457
107,386
81,642
60,870
60,297

.tGU/CULTUllE

199

1.- \rea 1 h'ld, CluaU.) and' alu(' of I'rint'il)al "'h'ld Cro()s in Canada, 191;;-20 and
}'h l' \-l'ar \ H'ra rl', 1915-19--con.

Field Crops.

CJucbec-con.
Beans. . . . . . , . . .1915
19W'
19171
191"
1919 1
H.l20
.\vera
es, 1915-HI'
Buckwheat. . . . .191.3!
19lö
1917
1918 1
UH9'
HI20 1
Averages, 1915-191

fiwd grains. . .1915 1
HH6
IH17
HilS
1919 1
If120.
... .\ verages, 1915-1
i
l.lax::-.eed....... .191a
1916'
1917 1
191

I! H9 1
1920
.\ verage<", 1915-19 1
C<:>rn for husk-
Ing........ ...1915 1
HH6
1917 1
191

1919 1
1920 1
-\. veragl
, 1915-19 1
Potatoes....... .1915 1
1916 1
1917 1
19U'"
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19

Turnips, man-
golds, etc.... .1915
1916

I I
UH9
1920!
.-\.verages, 1915-191

Area.

acres.

4,700 1
4,400
55, 157

109,
03
43,202,
35,ð3.j ,
43,452
I
104,000 1
101,000
163,5771
227,01

170,043 1
151,765
153, 127 1
101. 000
91,000 1
122,819 1
194, 2S.

}'57,637,
143,"42:J
133,34S 1
600
500'
5,700
7,357 1
11,.
q
16,03.1 1
5, lObi
16, 300 1
13,000
74,339'
54,690'
43,603 1
47,741 1
40, 3
t)i
117, OOU I
112,OOD
')') 6 ' )1 -
-- " ' I
264,871
315,590
310, 69
'
207,276 1
W'2,J
10,000:
70,192,
95,526 1
87,496 1
83,613
54,683 1

Yield
p('r
acre.

Weight Average
per pri('e
Total Yield. mea
urcd p('r Total Value.
bushel. bushel.

bush.
21.g9
17.75/
15.00
17.001
19.75 1
1
.OU
17.25 j
24.69
19.00
16..30'
20.751
24.00
25.75 1
20. 75 1
29.67.
20.251
21.25 1
27.00'
27.00
29.2.5
25..30
I
11.kU 1
10.50
8.25
11.2.5 1
9.7.il
11.,50
10.00'
I
31.17 1
24.75
24.25 1
21.75'
41.00;
29.75
27.75 1
149'6ó l
131.00 1
80.00
147.00 1
181.50 1
185. 50 1
141 .50
308.251
265-00
224- 511
295.50
317. 50 1
329.25
283. 75 1

bu"h.

10:3,000 1
78,000 1
827, 400

1,867,000 1
. .33,000,
645,000,
745, 6
Oi
2,568, 000

1,919,000:
2, 6!JU, 000 j
4,711 ,OUU 1
4,U81,000
3,908,000
3,195,600j
2,!}97,OOO
1 , S4:J , 000
2, HOH, HOOi
5,246,000
4,
56,000
4,IH5,000i
3,390,380,
7,000
5, 300 1
47,000,

tJ , OO()
111, ()()O
IS4, 000 j
50,660
1
5lJö,lJoO
322,000'
I,R02.700.
1,190,0001
1, 7f\
, 000
1,420,0001
1, I:!:?, 140
17,51O,OU)
14,672,000 1
18,158,000 1
38,936,0001
57,
80,ODOI
57,633,000
2Ø,311,
OO'

3,144,000
2,650,000
15,759,000 1
2>3,
28,000
27, 7S0, 000 1
27,530,000
15,512,200

lb.

59.38
60.1S
59.90
5!} .451
59.81!
60.15'
59.74.

4
'1;
46.35
46-55 1
4S.20,
47.72
4H . I!}
47.40j
45.4-1.
44.04
44.50!
45.4H;
44.54 1
46. HI
44.
O
54.1r. 1
54.50'
53.21'
54.6r,
53.46
55.79 '
54'001
56.K5
56.18 1
56.89 1
56.41
55.97
56.58

s

:

I
" " 7 1
, ., I
5.7'1'
4.52
4.0ö
5.83
0.R4

:
:
I I
1.77
1.70.
1'3'
1
1.53\
o.nl
0'9!} 1
1.33
1.46
1.50 1
1.2(;
1. 27 1
2.lb
2.501
3. 37 1
3.74
3. 91 1
3.57
3.67

s

327,000
434,000
6,428,900
10, 67!},OOO
3,
56,OUO
2,632,000
4.344,mm
2,157,000
2,:322,000
4,6W,:WO
R,3:3
,000
6,H3S,000
5, :39:J, 000
4,884,860
2,IS
,OOO
1,825,000
3,471,200
7,6.39,000
6. :

4, 000
5,2
6,000
4,30.5,440
15,000
13,:WO
1.58,400
310,000
434,O()0
657,000
1
6, 140

1.12
1.52
2.25
2.10
1.84
1.59
1.95
0.55
0.97
1.38
0.98
0.
5
1.00
0.93

569,000
tS9, 000
4,056,000
2,518,000
3,2!J0,000
2,258,000
2, 184, 400
9,631,000
14,232,000
25,058,000
38,157,000
48,688,000
57,633,000
2.7,1-13,200

0.36
0.48
0.59
0.53
0.53
0.50
0.53

1,132,000
1,272,010
9,298,000
14,960,800
14,723,000
13,765,OQO
8,277,160

200

PRODUCTION

I.-Area, Yield, Quality and Value of Principal Field Crops In Canada, 1915-20 and
Fh'e Year A\'erage, 1915-19-con.

Weight
per Average
Total Yield. measured price Total Value.
bushel. per ton.
tons. lb. $ $
3,682,000 - 15.89 58,507,000
5,224,000 - 11.00 57,464,000
5,065,000 - 9,58 48,523,000
6,799,900 - 15.75 107,098,400
6,449,000 - 20.54 132,462,000
5,363,000 - 29.00 155,527,000
5,443,980 - 14.84 80,810,880
8,100 - 11 .78 95,000
7,000 - 9.50 67,000
8,600 - 8.37 72,000
9,300 - 11.70 109,000
67,000 - 14.22 953,000
68,000 - 21.00 1,428,000
20,000 - 12.96 259,200
293,000 - 6.39 1,872,000
248,000 - 5.75 1,426,000
586,800 - 5.00 2,934,000
626, 100 - 7.42 4,645,700
611,000 - 8.41 5,139,000
695,000 - 10.20 7,089,000
472,980 - 6.77 3,203,340
per
bush. bush.
27,546,000 59.41 0.93 25,618,000
16,465,000 59.42 1,55 25,521,000
14,114,800 59.38 2.09 29,499,900
7,054,800 59.80 2.09 14,763,000
15,052.000 61.33 2.45 36,877,000
18,492,000 60.20 1.89 34,890,500
16,046,520 59.87 1.65 26,455,780
2,706,000 59.41 0.96 2,598,000
1,466,000 57.80 1.55 2,272,000
2,203,500 59.32 2.08 4,583,300
8, 186,200 59.84 2.03 16,638,000
5,646,500 58.27 2.46 13,890,400
4,480,500 57.92 1.81 8,112,600
4,041,640 58.93 1.98 7,996,340
30,252,000 59.41 0.93 28,216,000
17,931,000 58.79 1.55 27,793,000
16,318,300 59.36 2.09 34,083,200
15,241,000 60.54 2.06 31,401,000
20,698,500 59.76 2.45 50,767,400
22,972,500 59.10 1.87 43,003,100
20,088,160 59.67 1.72 34,452,120
122,810,000 34.67 0.39 47,896,000
50,771,000 30.30 0.64 32,493,000
98,075,500 34.11 0.72 70,614,400
131,752,600 35.58 0.78 102,212,000
78,388,000 32.76 0.91 71,378,000
129,171,300 35.95 0.58 74,670,300
96,359,420 33.48 0.67 64,918,680

Field Crops. Area.
acres.
Quebec-con.
Hay and clover.1915 2,922,000
1916 2,985,000
1917 2,961,983
1918 4,533,266
1919 4,299,360
1920 4,290,121
Averages, 1915-19 3,540,322
Alfalfa.. . . . . . . . .1915 2,860
1916 2,600
1917 3,818
1918 4,144
1919 28,488
1920 28,200
Averages, 1915-19 8,382
Fodder corn. . . .1915 34,000
1916 31, 000
1917 69,030
1918 86,358
1919 74,007
1920 86,833
Averages, 1915-19 58,879
Ontario--
Fall wheat.... .1915 972,000
1916 774,800
1917 656,500
1918 262,616
1919 619,494
1920 762,371
Averages, 1915-19 677,082
Spring wheat.. .1915 121,000
1916 90,200
1917 113,000
1918 351,423
1919 361, 150
1920 267,367
Averages, 1915-19 207,355
All wheat. . . . . .1915 1,093,000
1916 865,000
1917 769,500
1918 714,039
1919 980,644
1920 1,029,738
Averages, 1915-19 884,437
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . .1915 3,095,000
1916 1,991,000
1917 2,687,000
1918 2,924,468
1919 2,674,341
1920 2,880,053
Averages, 1915-19 2,674,362

Yield
per
acre.

tons.

1.26
1.75
1.71
1.50
1.50
1.25
1.55

2.84
2.65
2.26
2.25
2.35
2.40
2.40
8.61
8.00
8.50
7.25
8.25
8.00
8.05

bush.
28.34
21.25
21.50
19.50
24.30
24.30
23.75
22.36
16.25
19.50
23.25
15.60
16.80
19.50
27.67
20.73
21.25
21.25
21.20
22.30
22.75
39-68
25.50
36.50
45.00
29.30
44.90
36.00

A G R I C F L T (11U
201
t.- \rl'a, 'It-Id, (Jllallt). and 'ahle or J-rlnrirml Fit-lei {'ro()s In ('.u..,da, 1915-20 .,od
....he 'Year \\Cracre, 191.')-19 -con.
\YpiJ.!:ht A Vf'ragl'
Yipl(1 p<..r pri('('
Fipld Crop
. Arpa. J>f'r Total Yi('ld. mpa
urcd P<'r Total' alu('.
a('rf' . hu
hd. hu:-shcl.
a('r('
. bu:-:h. hu:-:h. lb. S S
Ontarll}- -con.
Barlf''y . .. _ .. .191'; 449,000
4.2
15,
hH,OOO 47.R3 0.56 8,G07,000
19Hi 326,000

.OO 7. 49R, 000 1 44.94 0-99 7,422,000
1917 3(;1,000 31.00 11, HH,OOO 47.20 1.16 12, 9S 1 , {;(.)()
1918 6üO, 404 3ß.75 24,247,700 4.'\.13 1.0G 25,
ij(J, 000
19l!J 51i9, 1
3 23.10' U, 1
4, (){)(J, 4:>.81 1.32 17,215,000
1920 4S4,32
34.40' 11), tiliO, 3;'0' 4H.70 0.94 1;), fj,i:J, 200
.\V l'rHJ.!:ps, 1915-19. 473,117 30.2:> 14, 2Sì, 940' 4G.78 1.00 14,406,920
Ryc..... . 19Vi 78,000. 19'b
1,5;) 1,000\ ã()'hH 0.79 1,225,000
191() li!},OOO I 17..30 1,
OS, 000 1 5.").20 1.17 1,413,000
191i üS,OOO 17. 75 1 1 , 207, 000 I 5';.69 1. (i4 1 , !)79, .")00
1918 112,721j1 If).00 1,813,000 5;).6:> 1.5;) 2,RIR,400
19H I 140, 072 1 1.i.bO 2,219,000. M . !)7 1.4R 3,279,000
1920 133,090 17.70 2,349,900 5.5-30 1.35 3,176,200
.\ Vl'rages, 1915-19. 93,SCO 17.00 1,599, Üooi 5;).lì.\" 1.34 2,142,980
P('a
........ . . . . H)1;) 1fì9, 000 17.79 3,007,000 1 59.:-'0 1.54 4, fì
l, 000
HU6 12H,OOO 14-25 1, i9ti, 000 1 59.71 2.06 3,700,000
1917 1
f),OOO 16.75 1 2,110,::00 59.
S 3.21 6,774,700
1HI
113,8G2 21.00 2, 3H I , O(JO 59.
.i 2.
4 .'),3
S,700
1919 127,2.')3 14-30 1. 8Iß, .iOO 59.9i 2.31 4,IS0,000
19:!0 109,IH7 20.20 2.
09,500 fjO.43 2.00 4,419,000
.\vl'ragc
, 1915-19. 132,4

16.75 2.222,200 59.b5 2.22 4,924,880
B('an
_ . . _ _ . UH:> 37,500 1ß.00 fjOO, 000 59.76 3.0.3 1,
00,000
1916 27,000 11-7.') 317,000 59.72 5.34 1, (iU:J, 000
HIl7 36,000 11.7.i 42
.000 59.42 6.79 2,872,200
1918 loo,OS2 13.75 1,3
7,8Oú 59.27 4.66 G, 41i4, 500
1919 22,9
0 12'fìO 2M, 500 61.74 3.79 1,039,000
19
0 22,74-t Hi. 70 380,500 59.70 3.10 1, lRl, 100
.\ycrages, 1915-19. 44,700 13..")0 G03,2f.i0 59.9b 4.00 2,773,740
Buckwheat... _ .1915 lliU,OOO 21.81 3,b
h,OOO 48.21 0.70 2,580,000
1916 175,000 14..iO 2,!}
8,000 4.')' SO 1.09 2,76ß,OOO
1917 16
, 000 18.7:; 3,m7,500 46.G9 1.37 4,161,400
191b 2:?
,üf)2 20..30 4,5fìS,000 46,91i 1.40 6,42ß,600
1919 178,5fJ9 22.80 4,072,000 46,71 1.36 5,534,000
1920 143,204 22.30 3, HJO, :')00 48,10 1.07 3,409,800
.-\ y('ragps, 1915-19. 181,64G, 19.75 3,5S6,300 46.87 1.20 4,293,600
)Iix('d grains... .1915 345,0001 39.91 13,iû9,OOO 44.7h 0.54 7,435,000
19lü 2
li. 000 I 26.00 7, 43ü, OOOi 40.77 0.89 6, ()18, 000
1917 295,0001 37. 75 1 11,136.300 44.99 1.12 12,472,700
1918 619,3h9 1 44.25 2i,4G:?,400' 46.01 1.09 29,823,900
1919 62
,i61 31.40 1 19,735,3001 44.71 1.35 26,672,000
1920 .
81, 689 44.20 25,712,400 44. JO 0.81 20,709,000
.\yeragcs, 1915-19. 434,830 36.50 15,907,bOO 44.2.i 1.04 16,G04,320
Fla:x
eed...... . .1915 5,000 12.38 1 62,000 .10.78 1.72 107,000
1916 4, 500 9.2.5 42,000 57.17 2.78 117, 000
1917 4,000 13.00\ 52.000 55-00 3.70 192,400
1918 15, 925 1 12.25 196,200 51). 72 1 3.41 670,000
1919 13,717 9. 40 1 129,500 ;)9.k6 3.48 4.iO,500
1920 21. 053 1 10.70' 224,900 ;)6.50 2.43 545,500
A, ('rages, 1915-19. 8.G2
1 11. 25 1 9ü,340 :;.i. 91 1 3.19 307,380

202

PRODUCT/DiY

I.-Area, Yield, Quality and Value of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Five Tear Average, 1915-19-con.

Yield Weight Average
per per price
Field Crops. Area. Total Yield. measured per Total Value.
acre. bushel. bushel.
Ontario-con. acres. bush. bush. lb. $ $
Corn for husk-
ing. . . . . . . . . . .1915 237,000 58.48 13,860,000 55.75 0.69 9,674,000
1916 160,000 37.25 5,960,000 57.18 1.05 6,258,000
1917 160,000 37.25 5,960,000 54.58 1.72 10,251,200
1918 19.5,310 66-75 13,015,200 58.23 1.72 22,384,800
1919 221,004 68,60 15,152,500 - 1.24 18,790,000
1920 243,909 53.00 12,914,800 56.60 1.11 14,335,400
Averages, 1915-19. 194,663 55.50 10,789,540 56.43 1.25 13,471,600
JPotatoes........1915 155,000 92.66 14,362,000 - 0.76 10,915,000
1916 133,000 61.00 8,113,000 - 1.28 10,385,000
1917 142,000 133.67 18,981,000 - 1.00 19,981,000
1918 166,203 116.60 19,376,000 - 1.26 24,413,000
1919 157,286 96.30 15,145,000 - 1.37 20,820,000
1920 157,509 152.10 23,961,700 - 0.97 23,131,200
Averages, 1915-19. 150,698 100.75 15,195,400 - 1.13 17,102,800
Turnips, man-
golds, etc... . .1915 112,000 394.42 44,175,000 - 0.21 9,277,000
1916 97,000 211.00 20,467,000 - 0.36 7,368,000
1917 94,000 340.93 32,047,000 - 0.35 11,216,000
1918 141,001 460.25 64,896,000 - 0.32 20,767,000
1919 123,029 348.00 42,756,000 - 0.35 14,027,000
1920 119,744 493.00 57,989,800 - 0.28 16,518,000
Averages, 1915-19_ 113, 406 360.25 40,868,200 - 0.31 12,531,000
tons. tons. per ton.
Hay and c1over.1915 3,082,000 1.32 4,068,000 - 14.06 57,196,000
1916 3,059,000 2.00 6,118,000 - 11.90 72,804,000
1917 2,998,000 1.70 5,097,000 - 10.26 52,295,000
1918 3,470,036 1.32 4,596,900 - 16.50 75,848,000
1919 3,508,266 1.59 5,589,000 - 20-61 115,161,000
1920 3,533,740 1.26 4,459,000 - 24.30 108,356,000
Averages, 1915-19. 3,223,460 1.60 5,093,780 - 14.66 74,660,800
Alfalfa. . . . . . . . . .1915 60,000 2.72 163,000 - 13.41 2,1
6,000
1916 56,000 3.00 168,000 - 9.75 1,638,000
1917 52,000 2.74 142,500 - 10.08 1,436,000
1918 144,010 2.28 329,000 - 15.78 5,191,000
1919 146,790 2.14 314,400 - 20.20 6,351,000
1920 162,820 2.45 399,580 - 23.49 9,384,400
Averages, 1915-19. 91,760 2.45 223,300 - 15.05 3,360,400
Fodder corn. . . .1915 287,000 10.63 3,051,000 - 4.76 14,523,000
1916 248,000 6.50 1,612,000 - 4.80 7,738,000
1917 265,000 7.54 1,998,000 - 5.00 9,990,000
1918 380,946 10.35 3,944,300 - 5.73 22,601,000
1919 399,549 10.05 4,014,000 - 6.30 25,304,000
1920 449,176 10.39 4,668,050 - 6.85 31,976,000
Averages, 1915-19. 316,099 9.30 2,933,860 - 5.46 16,031,200
Sugar beets.. . . .1915 18,000 7.83 141,000 - 5.50 775,500
1916 15,000 4.75 71 , ()()() - 6.20 440,000
1917 14,000 8.40 117,600 - 6.75 793,800
1918 18,000 10.00 180,000 - 10.25 1,845,000
1919 24,500 9.80 240,000 - 10,86 2,606,000
1920 36,288 11.37 412,400 - 12.80 5,278,700
A" erages. 1915-19. 17,900 8.40 149,920 - 8.62 1,292,060

..tGRlru LTC.UJ-.;

203

1.-- ma, 1.1t'ld, (lualit) aUld Valuc or IÞrlndl)al J"Ït'ld ('rops in ('anada 191.'i-"!O and
}'I\ ' )0 ('ar .\ H'r.l
e. 191ã-19 -<,on.

. Wei"ht I-\Ye!"".
YiPld
per per price
1- ield Crops. Area. rotal Yil'ld. nH':l:-õured per Total Yalue.
acre. bu
he1. bu
ll('l.
Uanltoba - acres. bu
h . bush. lb. S S
Fall wheat. .. . .1915 2,705 23,29 ß3,000 61.33 0.90 56,400
IH16 3,S2U 15.93 61,000 - 1.40 1
5,400
1917 3,S60 22.2,jl 85,900 62.33 2.20 um,ooo
191ð 2,ï34 18.00i 49,0001 - 2.06 101,000
Averages, 1915-18 2. 626i 19.75 51,780, - 1.67 . 86,360
Spring wheat. . .1915 24.76 1 69,274,nou
bl.18 0.90 62,606,500
2,797,719 1
1916 2, 721,
!.16 10.ò8 29,606,000 1 51.23 1.23 36,415,400
1917 2,445,000 16.75 to,9.i3.S00 60.82 2.0.') 83,955,300
1915 2, 9öO, 9t)," 16.25 4H, 142, 100 60.16, 2.06 HH,l73,OOO
HU9 2, '
O, 30J 14.25 40,H75.300' 57.22 2.40 98,341,000
1920 1 2, 705. t):
2 I 13.90 :37.54
.OOO' 59.56 1.83 f>H, 769, 000
.\vera g es..1915- 19 1 2,765, 177 1 16. 50 1 45, 7!J0, 240 i 58.12 1.66 76,098,240
All "heat..... .1915 2,SOO,424 24.76 69,337,000 61.1H 0.90 62,662,900
1!116 2,725.72:> lO'S
1 29,667,000 - 1.23 36,500,SOO
1917 2. HS, S60: }6.75' 41 ,039, 700 60.b6 2.05 84,144,300
19Us 2.983,702 16.351 4
,191,100 - 2.06 99,274,000
A, erages, 1915-18 2.191,74:'1 17.25 37.646,960, - 1.50 56,516,400
38,52 1
Oats......... . . .1915 1, 31!, 36?1 50, 7?0, 000, 36.36 0.35 17,912,ðOû
, , (

1916
1917
1918
1919
1
}20
..\yerages, 191.3-19'
,
Barley....... . .19151
1916
HH7 1
191

HH9
1920'
A. verages, 1915-19:
R ,-e.. . .. . . . . . . . 1915'
- 1916 1
1917
191h
UHU I
Ut!O
A'\ erages, 1915-19
Peas........ . . _ .1919
1920
)lixed grains.. .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19
Flaxseed....... .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19

1,443.599 1
1,500,000
1,714,894
1,847, 267 1
1,873,954
1,564, 625i
567,O
()
6
7,503'
708,000i
1, 102, fJG.1

!ì3,9471
R39,078
791,8!J9 1
11,5071
30,050
37,000
240,469:
298,932 1
148, 602
123,591
5,6661
4,162

659
1,400
1,400
30,309
30,355
28,800
12,825
14 , 505
15,684
16,300
107,961
57,379
146,455
42,366

33.55
30.25
31.75
31.2.3.
30.75
32.75
29.38
19.97
22.50
25.25
19. 25 1
21.00
23.00
1
.()
1
1
.54
17. 25 1
16.2.:')
13.75
15. 50 1
15.25
14.25
15.00
33-38
32.25
31.00
28.25
25.00
21.25
27.00

8.27
13.3b
9.00
10.00
9.00
7.90
9.75.

1".439,000,
45,375,000 ,
54,473,500
57,698,000
57,657, 000 1 1
51, 347, 100
16,6.58,000,
I:J,729,000
1.3.9:JO.000.
27, H63, 400
17 .149,400
17 ,520,00(1
18,2b5,960
20
,OOO
55ï.OOO
û38, 300
3,935,700
4,Ok9,400
2,318,600
1,8s5,6
0

81,400
62,200
22,000
45,000
43,400
856,000
759,000
612,000
345,080
120,000
210,000
146, 700
1,091.000
520,300
1,157,800
417.6001

33.05
27.27
35.21
33.42
34.89
33.06

0.4t1
0.67
0.71
0.72
0.56
0.59

23, ,35,100
30,401,300
38,676,000
41,420,000
32,007,000
30,429,040

47.70 0.51 8,420.400
42. 78 1 0.80 1O,9R3.200
46.27 1.07 17,045,100
48.54 0.S9 24,8S7.000
43.90 1.17 20,137,000
46.311 O.SO 13,9
8,000
45.84 0.b9 1 16,294,520

-
5' 0.80 167,100
a' a
56.50 1.06 590,400
54.03 1.62 1,034,000
73.66 1.41 5,549,000
54.89 1.28 5.2R8,000
54.91 1.35 3,140,100
59.35 1.33 2,513,700
60.00 2.0ð liO, 000
60.00 1.10 68,400
43.00 0.48 10,600
42.00 0.45 20,300
1.25 54,250
43.50 1-03 882,000
40.56 1.40 1,063,000
43.50 1.87 1,144,000
42.26 1.18 406,030
55.00 1.61 193,300
2.13 447,300
54.50 2.85 418,100
54.72 3.15 3,437,000
55.05 4.26 2,215,000
54.66 2.25 2,587,700
54.82 3.21 1,342,140

204

PRODUCTIO!{

I.-Area, Yield, Quality and Value of Principal Field Crops In Canada,1915-20 and
Five Y ear Average, 1915-19-con.

Weight Average
Yield per price
Field Crops. Area. per Total Yield. measured per Total Value.
acre. bushel. bushel.
Manitoba-con. acres. bush. bush. lb. S S
Potatoes....... .1915 29,878 85.85 2,565,000 - 0.64 1,636,100
1916 31,987 147.22 4,709,000 - 0.61 2,872,500
1917 34,400 105.90 3,643,000 - 0.76 2,769,000
1918 45,000 185.00 8,325,000 - 0.56 4,662,000
1919 42,000 126.00 5,287,500 - 0.81 4,266,000
1920 37,000 92.25 3,410,000 - 1.36 4,733,300
Averages, 1915-19 36,653 133.75 4,905,900 - 0.66 3,241,120
Turnips, man-
golds.. etc.... .1915 2,658 250.19 665,000 - 0.42 282,500
1916 3,118 145.00 452,000 - 0.49 221,500
1917 2,500 185.12 463,000 - 0.63 292,000
1918 9,910 251.75 2,494,800 - 0.44 1,097,700
1919 6.045 184.00 1,113,000 - 0.60 663,000
1920 7,404 145.25 1,076,000 - 0.93 1,005,100
Averages, 1915-19 4,846 214.00 1,037,560 - 0.49 511,340
tons. tons. per ton.
Hay and clover.1915 88,478 1.02 90,000 - 9.43 848,500
1916 77,642 1.83 142,000 - 7.80 1 , 107, 600
1917 75,000 1.00 75,000 - 11.11 833,300
1918 74,000 1.00 74,000 - 16.00 1,184,000
1919 260,378 1.50 401,400 - 16.99 6,818,000
1920 208,512 1.50 311,900 - 16.00 4,968,900
Averages, 1915-19 115, 100 1.35 156,480 - 13.79 2,158,280
Alfalfa......... .1915 3,671 1-36 5,000 - 12-20 61,000
1916 4,422 2.75 12,200 - 11.83 144,300
1917 4,400 2.07 9,100 - 13.45 122,400
1918 3,600 2.25 8,100 - 18.00 145,800
1919 5,181 2.20 11 , 400 - 22-40 256,200
1920 3,679 2.00 7,410 - 22.45 166,400
Averages, 1915-19 4,255 2.15 9,160 - 15.93 145,940
Fodder corn. .. .1915 7,591 2.63 20,000 - 6-18 123,600
1916 9,830 2.75 27,000 - 4.67 126,000
1917 9,800 '\ 86 47,600 - 7.50 357,000
1918 12,340 5.50 67,900 - 10.50 713,000
1919 16,867 6.80 114,500 - 13.28 1,520,000
1920 17,042 4.40 74,400 - 19.00 1,412,000
Averages, 1915-19 11 , 286 4.90 , 55,400 10.25 567,920
-
Saskatchewan- per
bush. bush. bush.
Fall wheat.... .1915 9, 968 26.28 262,000 - 0.92 240,900
1916 15,258 21- 24 324,000 59-50 1.41 456,800
1917 10,000 17.00 170,000 60.00 2.07 351,900
Averages, 1915-17 11,742 21.50 252, 000 - 1.39 349,867
Spring wheat. . .1915 8,919,292 25.12 224,050,000 60.75 0.91 203,647,100
1916 9,016,851 16.33 147,235,000 55.18 1.28 188,460,800
1917 8,263,250 14.25 117,751,300 60.92 1.95 229,615,000
1918 9,249,260 10.00 92,493,000 60-97 1-99 184,061,000
1919 10,587,363 8.50 89,994,000 59.00 2.32 208,787,000
1920 10,061,069 11.25 113,135,300 59.95 1.55 175,360,000
Averages, 1915-19 9,207,203 14.50 134,304,660 59.36 1.51 202,914,180
All wheat. .. .. .1915 8, 929", 260 25.12 224,312,000 - 0.91 203,888,000
1916 9,032,109 16.34 147,559,000 55.27 1-28 188,917,600
1917 8,273,250 14.25 117,921,300 60.91 1.95 229,966,900
Averages, 1915-17 8,744,873 18.75 163,264,100 - 1.27 207,590,833

AGRICULTURF

205

1.- \rl'a, } h'hJ, Cluallt) and '-alue of '..-Inrlpal .'ll'ld Crops In Canada, 1915-.'ð and
}'hl" Y I'ar \ \('raJ;:l', 1915-19 -con.

Yield W cigh t Ayerag ,
p{'r pric{'
Ar{'a. JX'r Total Yicld. nIcß.....;urcd IW r Total Valuc.
acrc. buslwl. bu
lwl.
acr{'s. hush. Lush. lh. S S
3,336,
4.
43.4R 14.'),Oßß,OOO 37.4h l 0.32 46,125,700
3,791, <\07 43.06 16
,
78,OOO 35.76 0.46 7."),107,900
4,.')21,600 27.
S 1

, 213, ftOO 34.58 0.62 7ß,
92,400
4,!ìsS.499 21.50 107, 2.i3. 000 34.38 0.70 75,077,000
I 4,S37.747 23. 10\ 112, 157,000 35.4S 0.70 7S, 510, 000
5, IOfì, S22 27.701 141, M9. 000 3.1.00 0.41 58,03.1,000
4,29.'),180 30.25 130, 19:J,400 1 35.54 0.54 70.242,600
I
299,f}{)3 31.74 9,523,00UI 47.54 0.4ti 4,391,300
3ü7,20i" 27.00 9,916,000 4ß.0
0.77 7,ß
S,
0
üü9,900 21.00 14,Ofì7,900 4ß.84 1.00 14.0G7,9()()
I ü99,29l1 17.00 11,""iS,OOO 4fì .10 0.S8 10,4fìl.
I 492,5
ü U,-20 H,971,000 46.8ï 1.0:-, 9.liS9,
519,014 20.2.
10,501,500 46.7.') 0.66 6, 9
1, 00
505,796 21.50 10.873,180 46.67 0.85 9,248,9
7.20i 2)0\.17 203,000. 5.').17 0-64 130,.3
22,759 24-0
548,0001 5.').91 1. 10 1 602,8
53, 2.iO 1
.75 99
,4oo 43.00 1 . ()'1 1.627,40
123, .
OO 11..')0 1,420,0001 5.").19 I-50' 2,130,
190,482 10..10 2,000.000 55..")2 1.31 2,620.00
172.449, 14-70. 2,.135,000 1 56.14 1.26 3,194,00
79,440 13.00 1.033,bbO 52.96 1.37 1,422,14
5')- 1.")'4
1 8,100 61.00 1.72 13,9
_J
1,600 32-.10 1 52,000 (jO. 00 2.25 117.00
2. no.') 17.25 44,goo 60-00 4-00 179, (iO
I 4.251 20.00 X5,000 Co.oo 1.50 128,0
4.
.13 18.00 87,300 60-00 4-00 349,0
2,.119 14..10 36,500 - 2.00 73,00
I 2,767 20.00 5.5,460 fiO'20 2.83 157,50
b61 18.00 1.5,000 - 6-4.5 97,00
1. 820 10.00 18,200 60.00 4-00 72,8
793 17.00 13,500 - 4.00 54.00
1.341 12-2:> 16,600 - 5.11 84,90
2,372 25.30 60,000 48.33 0.69 41,60
14.1.')0 35.00 495,300 40.00 0-46 227.8
39, 500 32-00 1, 2fJ4, 000 fjO. 00 1.2.5 1,580,0
23,449 21.00 492,000, 4.").00 1.10 541,00
22,017 35.00 771,000, - 1.40 1,079,00
18,361 33..50 61.1,000 - 1.2.1 769,0
20,29
30.2.5 616,4{j01 45.83 1.13 693,88
- . ..

o
000
000
o
00
00
00
o
000
o
o
o
00
o
o
00
00
o
o
o
00
o
o
o
00
00
o
o
00
o
1.51 7,928,400
2.23 14,923,200
2.60 12,247,600
3 - 10 13, 036. 000
4.14 18,589,000
1.82 10, 383, 000
2.63 13,344,840
2,626,900
4. .137,800
7,6.59,000
6,672,900
10,013,000
8,576,000
6,301,920

Field Crops.

askat('hl'\\
'n-con.
Oat;:: ...........1915
1916
1917
1915
UH9
1920
A, erages, 1915-19
Barley. _ .. . _191.)
1910
1917
1918
HHY
1920
6\vcragcs, 1915-19
Rye. . .. .. . . . . . .191.3
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

\vcr3gc
, 1915-19
Peas......... . . .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
A, cra
('s, 19}').-19
B{'ans.. _ . . . . . . .1918
1919
1920
Averagcs, 1918-19

Mixed grains.. .1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
19
0
Averages, 1915-19
Flaxseed....... .1915
1916
1917 1
1918
1919
1920
Averages, 1915-19

395, 2<>41
542,034
75.3.700
840,9.17
929,94:>
1,140,921
692,378

13.30
12.35
6.2.:;
5.00
4.80
5.00
7.25

5,25.J,000
6,692,000
4,710,000
4,
05,000
4,490,000
5,705,000
5,070,520

5<>.8tf
55.29 1
55.55'
54.43
53,82
53.95
55.00

Potatoes....... .1915 34,885 110.28 3 .
47 . ()()() I 0.68
1916 46,989 155.76 7,319,000 0.62
1917 67,700 133.00 9,010,000 0.S5
1918 59,783 116.25 6,950,900, . 0.96
1919 66,176 170.00 11,250,000 1 0.89
1920 53,814 127.50 6,861,0001 1.25
Averages, 1915-19 55, 109 139.2.5 7,675,
80 0.82

206

PRODUCTION

I.-Area, Yield, Qualit}T and Value of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Five Year A "erage, 1915-19--con.

Yield Weight A VPfage
per price
Field Crops. Area. per Total Yield. measured per Total Value.
acre. bushel. bushel.
acres. bush. bush. lb. $ S
Saskatchewan-con.
Turnips, man-
golds, etc.... .1915 1,245 232.93 290,000 - 0.31 91,200
1916 1,621 252.93 410,000 - 0.57 233,700
1917 11, 104 155.55 1,727,000 - 0.91 1,572,000
1918 9,760 225.75 2,203,300 - 0.91 2,005,000
1919 13,932 257.75 3,591,000 - 1.12 4,022,000
1920 10,449 301.00 3,145,000 - 0.94 2,956,000
Averages, 1915-19. 7,532 218.25 1,644,260 - 0.96 1,584,740
tons. tons. per ton.
Hay and clover.1915 25,113 1.39 35,000 - 8.39 293,500
1916 25,154 2.35 59,000 - 5.85 345,200
1917 260,275 1.42 369,600 - 10.12 3,740,000
1918 315,117 1.15 362,400 - 11.92 4,319,800
1919 265,417 1.05 279,000 - 17.00 4,743,000
1920 234,532 1.40 328,300 - 10.00 3,283,000
Averages, 1915-19 178,215 1.25 221,000 - 12.16 2,688,300
Alfalfa. . . . . . . . . .1915 2,620 1.83 4,800 - 9.48 45,500
1916 3,086 2.85 8,800 - 10.25 90,200
1917 9,500 1.61 15,300 - 13.40 205,000
1918 6,943 1.40 9,700 - 17.50 169,800
1919 11 , 526 1.60 18,400 - 27.50 506,000
1920 10, 473 2.25 23,600 - 20.00 472,000
A yerages, 1915-19 6,735 1.69 11 , 400 - 17.83 203,300
Fodder corn. . . .1915 1,877 2.40 4,500 - 6.49 29,200
1916 2,253 2.60 5,900 - 6.00 35,400
1917 15,658 2.00 31,300 - 8.00 250,400
1918 11, 186 5.65 '63,200 - 10.50 663,600
1919 6,690 12.50 84,000 - 12.50 1,050,000
, 1920 16,685 3.75 62,600 - 18.00 1,127,000
Averages, 1915-19 75,33 5.02 37,780 - 10.74 405,720
per
Alberta- bush. bush. bush.
Fall wheat. . . . .1915 39,908 31.30 1,249,000 61.32 0.84 1" 0.j1, 900
1916 18,177 30.20 549,000 61.19 1.39 763, 100
1917 51,700 20.50 1,059,900 60.53 1.98 2,098,600
1918 44,065 15.00 661,000 60.00 1.92 1,269,000
1919 40,600 15.75 640, 000 60.80 2.43 1,555,000
1920 38,000 18.75 713,000 61.00 1.52 1,084,000
Averages, 1915-19 38,890 21.50 831,780 60.77 1.62 1,347,520
Spring wheat.. .1915 2,098,123 31.12 65,289,000 61.57 0.88 57, 2"J, iUU
1916 2,586,798 24.95 64,539,000 58.00 1.33 85,836,900
1917 2,845,600 18.25 51,932,200 60.86 1.73 89,842,700
1918 3,848,424 6.00 23,091,000 59.94 1.92 44,335,000
1919 4,241,903 8.00 33,935,000 60.07 2.31 78,390,000
1920 4,036,483 20.50 82,748,000 61.32 1.52 125,777,000
Averages, 1915-19 3,124.170 15.25 47,757,240 60.09 1.49 71,135,660
All wheat. . .. . .1915 2,138,031 31.12 66,538,000 61.52 0.88 58,325,600
1916 2,604,975 24.99 65,088,000 58.45 1.33 86,600,000
1917 2,897,300 18.25 52,992,100 60.81 1.74 91,941,300
1918 3,892,489 6.00 23,752,000 59.97 1.92 45,604,000
1919 4,282,503 8.00 34,575,000 60.11 2.31 79,945,000
1920 4,074,483 20.50 83,461,000 61.30 1.52 126,861,000
Averages, 1915-19 3,163,060 15.25 48,589,020 60.17 1.49 72,483,180

AGRICULTURE

07

.- \rt'a. 11t'1d, 'luaU t) .uul '.aln(' of Prlnt'Ï))al FIt')d l'rOI)s In l'.ulada, 191.)-"0 and
flu- Yl'ar \\l'ra (', J91.)-19 - con.

Yield Wpight A. \'erage
I per ppr price
Fiehl Crops. Area. Total Yield. mea:sureù per Total' aluc .
acre. bushel. Lu
hel.
acres. Lush. bush. lb. I I
\lht'rta -con.
Oat::,........... .1915 l,b27,Oil 45.91
3,k76,OOO 39.76 0.31 25,532,900
1916 2,124,OSI 48.11 102,199,000 37.36 0.46 47,011,500
1917 2,537,900 34.00 86,2
S,600 37.09 0.63 54,361,ROO
1918 2,651,548 22.75 tiO, 323, 000 1 35.94 0. 73 1 44,036,000
1919 <) --6- 3-') 23.7.5 fì.:;, 725, 000 36.60 0.64 42,064,000
_,I I,. I...,
1920 3,OS9,700 :
7 . 25 11.5,091,000 38.09 0.36 41,433,000
.\vcmg
s. 1915-191 2, 381 , 594 3:J . 50 i9,(j
2,320 37.35 0.53 42,601,240
Harley . . . . . . .1915 ( I 32.31 9,822,000 49.57 0.44 4,340,400
304,00.1
HH6 336,5
6 29.04. 9,774,0001 46.1b 0.71 6,939,500
1917 472,100 22.00 1O,aS6,200 45.16 0.9S 10,178,500
HH
470,073 16.50' 7,7.')6,000 44.17 0.97 7,523,000
191!1 414,212 25. :;0 10,362,000 47.00 1.09 11,512,600
lfl20 iSO, (j!1[I 26..30 12,7:m,000 48.12 0.62 7,8!
8,000
. \ \'pragp:.;, 1 t115-19 3tm, 396 24.25 9,660,040 46.42 1.84 8,09b,800
TIp.'....... .. .1915 15,963 23.47 J74,726 56.63 0.62 232,400
1916 17,975 24.49 440,OUO\ 53.71 0.95 418,000
1!H7 30,8S0 20.50 633,000 55.25 1.50
149, 500
HIl8 47,877 17.25 b26,000. S4.90 1.41 1, 16.:;,000
1919 R:3, R04 14.00 1,173,000 1 55.14 1.42 1,6G6,000
lU20 16U, 96U 21.25 3,42U, 000 56.85 1.25 4,275,000
.\veragcs, 1915-19 39,300 17.5U GS9, 345 55.13 1.29 S86,140
Pea
. ... ... .. . . .1915 160 20.00 3,200 62.00 2.011 6,700
1916 650 20.00 13,000 57.50 2.25 29,300
1917 1,851 17.50 32,400, 60.00 2.00 64,800
1918 1,994 18.()() 36,000 60.00 1.50 54,000
1919 1,603 18.00 29,000 60.00 3.00 87,000
1920 2,899 17.00 49,000 60.00 2.00 98,000
Averages, 1915-19 1,252 18.25 22,720 50.90 2.13 48,360
Beans.. . . . . .. . .1918 763 10.00 14,000 60.00 6.45 90,000
1919 690 10.00 6,900 60.00 4.00 2
, 000
1920 2,305 17.00 39,000 60.00 4.00 156,000
Averages, 1918-19 726 14.50 10,450 60.00 5.64 59,000

Ihed grains... .1915 2,370 37.13 88,000 47.20 0.52 45,700
1916 4,550 30.00 136,500, 36.00 0.35 47,800
1917 24,027 25.75 618,700 51.50 1.20 742,400
1918 27,9'9 21.50 602,000 40.00 1.15 692,000
1919 26,000 36.25 943,000 57.00 0.83 783,000
1920 8,398 30.00, 252,000 43.00 1.00 252,000
A.verages, 1915-19 16,987 28.00 477,640 46.32 0.97 462, 180
Fla'\.seed....... .1915 48,000 13.96 670,000 56.37 1.44 966,700
1916 95,063 13.79 1,310,500 55.91 1.06 1,3
9,100
1917 139,800 7.00 97R,600 54.00 2.78 2,720,500
1918 95,920 5-00 480,000 55.25 3.12 1,498,000
1919 .1\0,690 2.75 222,000 55.75. 4.15 921,000
1920 103,700 7.00 7:.6,000 55.40 1.83 1,329,000
_-\xerages, 1915-19 91,895 8.00 732,220 55.46 2.03 1,499,060
Potatoe
. . . . . . . .1915 28.314 142.12 4,024,000 - 0.44 1,779,800
1916 29,216 163.71 4,7b3,000 - 0.53 2,535,000
1917 48,917 151 .46 7,409,000 - 0.76 5,631,000
1918 44,247 70' 50 1 3,119,400 - 1.11 3,462,500
1919 45,848 179.75 8,241,200 - 0.83 6,840,200
1920 43,00tl 166.00 7,138,000 - 1.00 7,138,000
_-\ verages, 1915-19 39,308 140.25, 5,513,320 - 0.79 4,049,700

,

208

PRODUCTION

I.-Area, Yield, Quality and Value of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Five Year Average, 1915-19-con.

Field Crops. Area.
Alberta-con. acres.
Turnips, man-
gold, etc..... .1915 1,688
1916 1,700
1917 10,947
1918 12,506
1919 12,500
1920 12,300
Averages, 1915-19 7,688
Hay and c1over.1915 187,404
1916 173,461
1917 493,522
1918 469,000
1919 433,296
1920 383,527
Averages, 1915-19 351,336
Alfalfa........ . .1915 17,207
1916 20,612
1917 31,396
1918 24,285
1919 21,553
1920 19,906
Averages, 1915-19 23,011
Fodder corn.. .1915 701
1916 685
1917 3,976
1918 700
1919 900
1920 7,644
Averages, 1915-19 1,390
British Columbia-
Fall wheat... . .1915 6,000
1916 6,200
1917 3,240
1918 7,200
1919 12,699
1920 13,762
Averages, 1915-19 7,068
Spring wheat.. .1915 10,000
1916 9,800
1917 18,100
1918 29,000
1919 31,202
1920 32,453
Averages, 1915-19 19,620
All wheat.. . . . .1915 16,000
1916 16,000
1917 21,340
1918 36,200
1919 43, 901
1920 46,21.5
Averages, 1915-19 26,688

Weight Average
Yield per price
per Total Yield. measured per Total Value.
acre. bushel. bushel.
bush. bush. lb. $ $
235.19 397,000 - 0.29 116,000
279.41 475,000 - 0.61 289,800
207.56 2,272,000 - 0.74 1,681,000
188.50 2,357,400 - 0.66 1,555,900
221.50 2,768,800 - 1.06 2,934,900
261.75 3,219,500 - 1.00 3,219,500
210.25 1,654,040 - 0.80 1,315,520
tons. tons. per ton.
1.31 246,000 - 7.60 1,870,600
1.93 334,000 - 8.62 2,879,100
1.48 730,400 - 10.92 7,976,000
0.85 398,700 - 15.82 6,307,400
1.10 476,600 - 20.89 9,956,200
1.30 498,600 - 20.00 9,972,000
1.25 437,140 - 13.25 5,797,860
2.15 37,000 - 7.64 282,700
2.65 54,600 - 10.70 584,200
2.05 64,400 - 10.73 691,000
2.00 48,000 - 21.50 1,044,900
2.00 43,000 - 29.16 1,254,000
2.25 44,800 - 24.00 1,075,000
2.15 49,520 - 15.58 771 , 360
3.42 2,400 - 6.13 14,700
2.56 1,700 - 9.00 15,300
1.00 4,000 - 7.00 28,000
5.50 3,800 - 10.50 40,000
5.58 5,000 - 10.50 52,500
4.25 32,500 - 18.00 585,000
2.45 3,380 - 8.90 30,100
per
bush. bush. bush.
33.44 200,600 60.46 0.91 182,500
30.75 191,000 61.00 1.53 292,000
31.75 102,850 60.67 1.92 197,500
24.75 178,000 59.67 2.15 383,000
24.75 314,000 59.50 2.88 904,000
19.25 264,200 60.00 2.18 576,000
28.00 197,290 60.26 1.99 391,800
32.43 324,400 58.40 0.96 311,400
31.00 304,000 59.55 1.54 468,000
28.50 515,850 59.55 2.00 1,031,700
22.00 638,000 60.25 2.08 1,327,000
22.00 686,000 58.50 2.79 1,914,000
18.75 610,100 60.00 2.21 1,348,300
25.25 493,650 59.25 2.05 1,010,420
32.80 525,000 59.32 0.94 493,900
30.94 495,000 60.16 ] .54 760,000
29.00 618,700 59.94 1.99 1,229,200
22.50 816,000 59.96 2.09 1, 710, 000
22.75 1,000,000 59.00 2.82 2,818,000
19.00 874,300 60.00 2.20 1,924,300
26.00 690,940 59.68 2.03 1,402,220

AGRICULTURF

209

1. - \rt'<I, '\ It,ld elualit)" auu) Yalut, of PrhU'iJt:tI Fit'ld CrOlts ill ('allada, 1915-.
O and
I'iu' '"t'ar \H'rål"l', 191.')-19 -con.

Yield
ridd Crops. .Âr('a. Pf'r Total Yidd.
i acrc.
ßrihsh (ohlin Itl:1 - acres. bu
h. bu
h.
con.
Oats......... . . .1915 71,000 (j 1 . H4 4,390,GOO
1916 CO,ooo 60-,")0 3,6
O,OOO
HH7 60,
00 ;;3.75 3, 2
,), 800
1918 39,000 39.75 1, .3,;0, 000
1919 45,021 47.25 2,127,000
19:?0 47, 'lfl2 34.75 1 , 6.ì3 , 000
Ayerages, 191,)-19 55,044 54.25 2, (1....6, fiöO
Barley _ . . ... .191.1 2,G30 40.36 106,900
191H 2,700 .j-7.') 124,000
1917 5,500 2H.2,) IGO, {/OO
HHS 7,9:?7 :!G.50 20H,OOO
1919 10,497 33-00 346,000
1920 9,646 37.75 31)4, 100
.\ YE'ragl'S, 1915-19 5,855 32-25 189,360
Rye...... .. . _ . .1918 820
O.OO 2.3,000
1919 4,911 22.50 110,000
1920 5,367 25.75 1:>8,200
.h'eragcs, 1918-19 2,865 23.50 67,500
Pea:;......... . . .1913 1,300 29.75 ò8,700
1916 1,300 33.75 44,000
1917 1,338 23.75 31,SOO
1915 2,193 21.50 47,000
1919 2.251 23.00 52,000
1920 2,6';7 26.00 fifl,l00
.h erages, 1915-19 1,676 23.50 42,700
Bpans. . . . . . . . .1918 2,74R 18.50 51,000
191u 1,677 17 "., 29,000
. -;}\
1920 1,615 20.00 32,300
..\.Yerages, 1918-19 2,213 18.00 40.000
)[ Ì'i:ed grains. .UH;) 2,600 40.UO 104,000
1916 2,600 50.00 130,000
1917 1,850 40.00 74,000
1918 3,228 21.50 ü9.000
1919 4,017 36.50 147,000
19:?0 4,893 36.00 176,100
.-\verag('s, 1915-19 2,859 36.75 104,800
Potatoes.. .. . .. .1915 16,000 247.28 3,956,000
1916 15,300 1b{l.00 2,892,000
1917 15,024 lfili . 5.5 2,502,000
1918 15,013 22
'00 3,423,000
1919 18,000 170.00 3,OliO,000
1920 17 , 780 W5.00 2,933,700
.,h erages, 1915-19 15,867 199.50 3,166,600
Turnips, man-
golds, etc.. " " . 1915 3,800 455.61 I, 731, 000
1916 3,700 500.00 1,850,000
1917 4,500 344.58 1,582,000
1918, 5,758 422.00 2,429,900
1919 7,3
7 36.
. 00 2,696,000
1920 7,403 4:
5 . 00 3,220,000
Averages, 1915-191 5,047 407.7;) 2,057,780

Weip:h t . \ verage
p('r pric('
m('a
ur('d ppr Total Yalue.
bu:-:hel. bu::-hel.
lb. S S
3.; . 2S 0.49 2,151,400
37 -13 0.64 2,323,000
I 3.')..')0 0.90 2,912,200
34.17 1.00 1,:>;)0,000
3li . 00 1.07 2,276,000
36. 00 0.9H 1,596,300
33.82 0.73 2,242,520
49.89 0.G4 68,400
47.60 0.83 103,000
48.67 1.28 :W6,000
32.50 1.47 307,000
47.75 1.82 630,000
50.00 1.50 546,200
49.28 1.39 262,8.')0
GO.OO 2.07 52,000
54.75 2.08 229,000
55.00 2.02 279,200
57.38 2.08 140,300
tiO.OO 1.24 48,000
61.20 1.67 73,000
.')9.8.'3 2.46 78,200
(30.00 3.00 141,000
.')9.00 2.60 137.000
.if). 00 3.05 211,000
(30.01 2.24 9.j,440
- 4.20 214,000
GO.OO 3.75 109,000
60.00 4.50 14.),400
- 4.04 Wl,300
- 0.50 5
,000
52.00 1.2.
163,000
- 0.70 51,bOO
- 1.10 7(j,000
50.00 1.37 201,000
41.00 1.25 2:?0, 000
- 1.04 108,7GO
- 0.43 1, 7f.:0, 000
- 0.70 2,024,000
- 0.69 1,726,400
- 0.97 3,320,300
- 1.00 3,060,000
- 1.28 3,755,000
- 0.75 2,382,140
- 0.39 675,000
- 0.50 925,000
- 0-64 1,012,000
- 0.60 1,457,900
\ - 0.75 2,022,000
- 0.81 2, (j08, 000
I - 0.59 1,218,380

18427-14

210

PRODUCTION

I.-Area, Yield, Quality and Yalue of Principal Field Crops in Canada, 1915-20 and
Five Year Average. 1915-19-concluded.

'Y eigh t Average
Yield per price
Field Crops. Area. per Total Yield. measured per Total Value.
acre. bushel. ton.
British Columbia-
concluded. acres. tons. tons. lb. $ $
Hay and clover .1915 167,000 2.34 391,000 - 14.57 5,697,000
1916 175,000 2.67 467,000 - 17.75 8,289,000
1917 129,254 1.85 239,000 - 17.60 4,206,400
1918 114,414 1.90 217,400 - 33.25 7,228,600
1919 126,251 1.50 189,000 - 35.25 6,662,000
1920 127,017 2.00 254,000 - 35.00 8,890,000
Averages, 1915-19 142,384 2.10 300,680 - 21.35 6,416,600
Grain hay. _... .1919 60,390 2.50 151,000 - 29.00 4,379,000
1920 60,612 2.25 130,400 - 33.12 4,518,000
Alfalfa. . . _ .. . . . .1915 12,100 3,52 43,000 - 14.84 638,000
1916 12,600 2.88 36,000 - 15.00 540,000
1917 8,681 2.58 22,400 - 22.92 513,400
1918 12,268 3.25 39,900 - 32.25 1,286,800
1919 13,331 3.00 40,000 - 37.00 1,480,000
1920 13,478 3.00 40,400 - 33.71 1,361,900
Ayerages, 1915-19 11, 796 3.07 36,260 - 24.60 891,640
Fodder corn... .1915 430 12.62 5,400 - 4.00 22,000
1916 450 10.00 4,500 - 7-00 32,000
1917 2,239 7.00 15,700 - 15.00 235,500
1918 2,016 10.10 20,400 - 10-00 204,000
1919 4,368 11.50 50,000 - 12.00 600,000
1920 4, 713 11.50 54,200 - 17.75 962,000
Averages, 1915-19 1,811 10.60 19,200 - 11.40 218,700

NOTE.-PriC6 of potatoes are as returned October 31.
2.-Annual Average Yields ppr acrp of Field Crops for Canada and by Provinces from
1915 to 1920, with Decennial Averages for the years 1910-19.
A ver-
Field Crops. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. ages
1910-19.
bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush.
Canada-
Fall wheat................. 28.50 21.50 21.50 19.00 23.75 24.00 22.50
Spring wheat.... .. . . . _ . . . . . 25.75 16.75 15.50 10.75 9.50 14.00 16.50
All wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.00 17.00 15.75 11.00 10.00 14.50 16.75
Oats. . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.25 37.25 30.25 28.75 26.25 33.50 33.25
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.50 23.75 23-00 24.50 21.25 24.75 25.75
Rye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.50 19.50 18.25 15.25 13.50 17.50 16.00
Peas. . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.75 14.50 15.25 13.25 14.75 19.00 15.75
Beans. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.75 12.75 13.75 15.50 16.50 17.50 16.25
Buckwheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.00 17.50 18.00 20.75 23.50 23.75 23.00
Mixed grain..... . . _ . . . . .. . . 37.50 25.75 32.50 38.75 31.00 40.00 33.25
Flax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . 13.25 12.50 6.50 5.75 5.00 5.60 9.40
Corn for husking. . . . . . . . . . . 56.75 36.25 33.00 56.75 64.00 49.25 53.75
Potatoes................... 124.25 133.75 121.50 142.00 153.50 170.50 146.00
Turnips, etc..... . . . . . . . . . . . 384.00 264.25 290.75 377.50 354.00 401.00 352.25
tons tons tons tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.36 1.86 1.66 1.40 1.55 1.30 1.50
Fodder corn. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 10.17 6.65 7.34 9.50 9.75 9.60 8.85
Sugar beetß. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.83 4.75 8.40 10.00 9.80 11.37 9.10
Alfalfa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.65 2.91 2.39 2.25 2.20 2.45 2.40

lGHICL'LT(JRE

2.- \nnllal .\H'ra
l' Yil'lds I)l'r :U'rl' of Fil'hl (-ro))s for <-'anada and by IÞrmhlcl's from
1915 to 19'JO, \\lth Ul'('l'nnial.\H'rafTl's for the ) cars 1910-19- -con.

I A ver-
Fil'lù Crops. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. ages
1910-19.
bush. bush. bush. bush. Lush. bush. bush.
)Jrhu'(' I,d \\ ard Isl:lIu)-

pring wheat. . . .. . . .. . . . . . 19.00 J6,75 14 5') 20_00 17.00 12.00 18 7
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.75 37.25 32.25 34.50 34.00 27.75 34.75
Barle). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.00 29.25 2,\\ .50 28.50 29.00 24.50 2H'0
Peas.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.7,'} 22.25 14.00 16.00 16.00 16.50 18.5
Buckwhpat. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 27.25 29.00 21.75 :!0.75 23.50 26.0
Mixed grain.... . ........ .
8.75 41.25 ;)'\\.25 44.50 44.00 33.75 41.7
Potato('
. ... . . . . . . . . . . . 114.'75 2('6.00 175.00 170.00 125.00 170.00 171.75
Turnip
, etc..... . . ...... . 14(1.50 177.00 505.50 520.50 518.00 481.75 483.5
tons tons tons ton" ton::, tons tons
Hay and clover... . .. . . . . . . 1.77 1.70 1.5,") 1.50 1.
0 1.25 1.5
Fodder corn.......... . . . . 13.00 13.00 7.00 5.25 12.00 8.00 9.5
:\0\., :--('ofia
bush. hush. Lush. hu
h. hush. bush. bush.
:-:pring wheat. . . . . . . . . . 1
.50 19.50 15.75 22.25 10.50 19.50 20.0
Oats. . .. . . . . . . . . . 31.25 34.7:5 29.25 37.25 36.00 30.25 32.5
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.25 26.25 24.75 30.00 31.25 26.00 28.25
Rye....... . . . 15.00 17.00 15.00 14.50 20.50 15.00 20.25
Peas. . . . . 18.75 17.75 14.25 18.75 20.00 20.50 20.25
Beans. . .. . . . . 17.50 16.25 17.75 16.25 12.75 lR.50 16.5
Buckwheat. . ..... . 21.75 24.50 21.00 23.00 25.2.1 22.25 23.75
)1 ixed J.'!;rains. . . .. . 34.25 34.00 24.00 36.00 37.50 32.50 32.0
Potatoes. . . . . ......... . 141.25 201.00 175.00 100.75 161 .00 203.75 lR3.0
Turnips, etc. . _... ..... . 390.00 404.00 351 .00 391 . 25 537.75 431.75 426.5
tons tons tons tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover........ .. .. 1.7S 1.
0 1.65 1.45 2.10 1.50 1.7
Fodùer corn.......... . . . . . . 4.64 8.75 9.20 9.50 9.50 8.00 8.8
Alfalfa.... . ... . 2.30 5.00 3.50 - - - 3.19
,('\\ Bruns \\ leL. - bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush.
Spring wheat....... . . . . 19.00 17.2.1 12.00 19.00 17.50 15.75 18.0
Oats. . . . . . . . ... . 27.75 30. ,")0 22.50 31.50 30.25 29.50 29.25
Barley. . . . . . . . . . 23.00 23.75 22.00 24.75 2ü.75 23.75 25.75
Peas. . . . . . .......... . , . 17.00 16.,:}o t.
.00 14.75 14.7:5 15.00 16.00
Beans. . . . . . . 21.25 15.
.1 10. ,1)0 15.50 16.50 16.2.3 16.5
Bud..wheat............... . 22.75 22.75 19.50 20.75 25.00 22.75 23.75
)Iixed grain. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 31.50 34.25 19.50 32.50 33.75 29.75 31.50
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144.25 192.00 149.75 15ö.50 142.75 lU8.00 176.25
Turnips, etc... . . . . . . . . . . . . 32n.00 411 .00 300.50 350.00 366.50 353.00 346.00
tons ton
tons tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.39 1.4R 1.60 1.50 1.40 1.20 1.40
Fodder corn......... . . . . . . . 7.00 10.00 9.00 4.50 5.00 8.00 5.20
Ql
C
('('- 20.00 15.00 14.00 17.25 16.75 17.00 16.50
::"prmg wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oats.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.25 22.75 21.75 27.25 26.75 30.25 26.75
Barl('
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-50 20.00 18.50 24.00 22.75 25.25 23.00
R
.e. . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.75 14-25 16.75 16.25 17.25 18.75 15.50
Peas......... ....... ....... 16.50 14.00 12.00 15.50 15.00 17.00 15.00
Beans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.00 17.75 15.00 17.00 19.75 18.00 17.25
Buckwheat. ............... 24.75 19.00 16.50 20.75 24.00 25.75 25.75

I Ï\,eù grain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.75 20.25 21.25 27.00 27.00 29.25 26.00
Flax...................... . 12.00 10.50 R.25 11.25 9.75 11.50 10.50
Corn for husking... . . . . . . . . 31.25 24.'75 24.25 21.75 41.00 29.75 28.50
Potatoes.................. . 149.75 131.00 80.00 147.00 181.50 185.50 144.75
Turnips, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308.25 265.00 224.50 295.50 317.50 329.25 288.25
tons tons tons tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover............1 1.26 1.75 1.71 1.50 1.50 1.25 1.50
Fodder corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.61 8.00 8.50 7.25 8.25 8.00 5.95

.lfalfa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.84 2.65 2.26 2.25 2.35 2.40 2.40

lAverage of eight years, 1910-17.
18427-14!

211

5
o
o
o
5
o
5
5

o
o

o
o
o
o
o
o
1

o

o

212

PRODUCTION

2.-AnnuaI Average Yields per acre of Field Crops for Canada and by Provinces from
1915 to 1920, with Decennial Averages for the ).ears 1910-19-con.

A ver-
Crops. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. ages
1910-19.
Ontari
bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush.
Fall wheat................. 28.25 21.25 21.50 19.50 24.30 24.30 22.75
Spring wheat. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 22.25 16.25 19.50 23.25 15.60 16.80 19.00
All wheat.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.75 20.75 21.25 21.25 21.20 22.30 22.25
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.75 25.50 36.50 45.00 29.30 44.90 34.75
Ba1;:ley. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.25 23.00 31.00 36.75 23.10 34.40 29.50
Rye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 17.50 17.75 16.00 15.80 17.70 17.00
Peas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.75 14.25 16.75 21.00 14.30 20.20 16.75
Beans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.00 11.75 11.75 13.75 12.60 16.70 15.50
Buckwheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.75 14.50 18.75 20.50 22.80 22.30 21.00
Mixed grain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.00 26.00 37.75 44.25 31.40 44.20 35.50
Flax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.50 9.25 13.00 12.25 9.40 10.70 13.25
Corn for husking. . . . . . . . . . . 58.50 37.25 37.25 66.75 68.60 53.00 57.00
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.75 61.00 138.75 116.50 96.30 152.10 114.75
Turnips, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394.50 211.00 341.00 460.25 348.00 493.00 368.00
tons tons tons tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.32 2.00 1.70 1.32 1.59 1.26 1.45
Fodder corn......... . . . . . . . 10.63 6.50 7.54 10.35 10.05 10.39 9.55
Sugar beets... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.83 4.75 8.40 10.00 9.80 11.37 9.10
Alfalfa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.72 3.00 2.74 2.28 2.14 2.45 2.40
lUanitoba- bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush.
Fall wheat....... .... .. . .. . . 23.25 16.00 22.25 18.00 - - 21. OW
Spring wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.75 11.00 16.75 16.25 14.25 13.90 17.25
All wheat. . . . .. . . . . . . . . 24.75 11.00 16.75 16.25 14.25 13.90 17.50 1
Oats...................... . 38.50 33.50 30.25 31.75 31.25 30.75 34.25
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.50 20.00 22.50 25.25 19.25 21.00 24.50
Rye........ ..... .......... 18.00 18.50 17.25 16.25 13.75 15.50 15.50
Mixed grain. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 33.50 32.25 31.00 28.25 25.00 21.25 27.25
Flax...................... . 8.25 13.75 9.00 10.00 9.00 7.90 10.75
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85.75 147.25 106.00 185.00 126.00 92.25 150.00
Turnips, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.25 145.00 185.00 251.75 184.00 145.25 249.25
tons tons tons tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover.. . . . . . . . . . . 1.02 1.83 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.40
Fodder corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.63 2.75 4.86 5.50 6.80 4.40 5.75
Alfalfa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.36 2.75 2.07 2.25 2.20 2.00 2.25
Saskatchewan- bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush.
Spring wheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00 16.25 14.25 10.00 8.50 11.25 16.00
Oats.................. ..... 43.50 43.00 27.25 21.50 23.10 27.70 33.25
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.75 27.00 21.00 17.00 18.20 20.25 23.75
Rye....................... 28.25 24.00 18.75 11.50 10.50 14.70 13.25
Peas........ ........ ....... 15.50 32.50 17.25 20.00 18.00 14.50 20.00
Mixed grains............... 25.25 35.00 32.00 21.00 35.00 33.50 30.25
Flax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.25 12.25 6.25 5.00 4.80 5.00 9.30
Potatoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110.25 155.75 133.00 170.00 170.00 127.50 148.25
Turnips, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.00 253.00 155.50 2?5.75 257.75 301.00 249.25
tons tons tons tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover.. . . . . . . . . . . 1.39 2.35 1.42 1.1.5 1. OS 1.40 1.35
Foddpr corn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.40 2.60 2.00 5.6.5 12.50 3.7.5 4.95
Alfalfa.. . . .. . " " a a _... _. 1.83 2.85 1.f)1 1.40 1.60 2.2.5 1.80
Alherta- bu
h. bu
h. bush. bu:-:h. bU"ìh. bu:-;h. bu
h.
Fall wheat..... - . 31.25 30.25 20.50 15.00 15.75 18.75 20.75
Spring wheat....... . . 31.00 25.00 18.25 6.00
.OO 20.50 16.75
All wheat.." . . . . . _ . . 31.00 25.00 18.25 6.00 8.00 20.50 17.00
Oats..... -......... .. .. .. 4û.00 48.00 34.00 22.75 23.75 37.25 3û.25
BaTlpy. . . . . ...... .. .... 32.2.5 29.00
2.00 16..50 2.5.50 2û.50 25.50
Rye. . . . . . . . 23.50 24..
0 20.50 17.25 14.00 21.25 19.25
Ppas.......... . . . . . 20.00 20.00 17..50 18.00 18.00 17.00 18.00

lAverage of nine years, 1910-18.

.tGRICULTCRD

213

2.- \nnual .\\('rage Yields I)('r a('re of Fit'ltl ('rops for Canada and by Prminces from
1915 to 19"!O, nltll l)ecelllli:,1 .\\cr.,"'es for tilt' )cars 1910-19 -concluded.

Crops. 1915. ]!H6. 1917. 1918.
Albt'rta -cone luded. Lush. husb. bush. busby

I ix('d grains.. . . 37.2.) 30.00 :!.).75 21 . .')0
Fla"t... .. . . ...... . 14.00 13.7.') 7.00 ,5.00
Potatoes... . . . . . . . . 142.00 1fi3 . i .') 1.')1.50 70. ,=}O
Turnips, etc.. ... . .).,- ')- 279..')0 207.50 188.50
_.j,)' -.>
tons tons tons tons
Hay and clover. 1.31 1.93 1.4S 0.8.')
Foddl'r corn. . . - .. . . 3.42 2..')ü 1.00 5.50
.\lfnlfa. .. . . 2.15 2.(35 2.05 2.00
Brltisb (,'olumbia- bush. hush. hu
h. bu
h.
Fall
heat....... . 33..')0 30.75 31.75 24.75

prinJ!:
heat. . . . . . . . . . . 32.50 31.00 28.50 22.00

\ll wheat..... . . . . . . 32.7.') 31.00 29.00 22..')0
Oats. . . . . . . . . ta.75 fiO. .')0 53.7.') 39.7S
Barl('y. . . . . . 40.25 4.').75 29.2.') 26.50
I )(,a5. . . . . . . . . _ 29.7.') 3:1.75 23.7;,} 21.50

I ixcd grains. . . . 40.00 50.00 40.00 21 . 50
Potatoe
... . 247.2.') 189.00 1fiü . 50 228.00
Turnips, etc..... . . i.).) . 50 500.00 344.50 422.00
ton:-- tons tons t()n

Hay and clov('r.. . . . : I 2.34 2.67 1.8.) 1.90
Fodder corn........ . , 12 . f;
10.00 7.00 10.10
Alfa.lfa.. . .. . . . . . . . . . 3.52 2.& 2..')8 3.25

. \ ver-
1919. 1920. ages
1910-19.
bush. bush. bush.
36.25 30.00 28.50
2.7.') 7.00 9.10
179.75 1ßß. 00 151.50
221.50 2ß1. 75 227.25
tons ton'i tons
1.10 1.30 1.35
5.5S 4.2S 2.35
2.00 2.25 2.2.)
Lu:-,h. hu:--h. Lu:--h.
24.75 19.2.') 29.00
22-00 lS.75 25.S0
22.75 ]9.00 2ß.75
47.2.1 34.7.') .=}4 . 2.=}
3:J .00 37.7S 34.00
23.00 26.00 27.2S
36..')0 36.00 40.2.')
170.00 ] 6.=} . no 204.2,:")
36.3.00 4:
;) . 00 43:;.50
t()n
t()n
fond
1.50 2.00 2.10
11 . 50 11. ;'0 9.70
3.00 3.00 3.40

3.-Areas and Yields of" beat, Oats, Barl(')', R) e and "'Ial,eed In the thr('t' Prairie PrO\lnces, t9tS-
O.

Provinces.

Prairie Prodnces-
\\ heat. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oats. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barley...... . . . .. . . .. . . . . .
Rye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flax.. ...................
31:mltoba-
\\ heat. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oats. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barley. . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:Flax. .. .. ................
Saslt.atche\\ all-
\\ neat.. . . . . . .
Oats. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barley...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . .
Flax. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alberta-
\\ heat. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oats. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barley.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rye.. . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . .
Flax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1918.

seres.
16,125,451
9,354,941
2,272,334
411,826/
1,044,838
2,983,702
1,714,894
1,102,965
240,469
107,961
9,249,260
4,988,499
699,296
123,500
840,957
3,892,489
2,651,548
470,073
47,877
95,920

1919.

seres.
17,750,167
9,4.')2,386
1,800,745
573,218
1,068,014
2,880,301
1,847,267
893,947
298,932
57,379
10,587,363
4,837,747
492,586
190,482
929,945
4,282,503
2,767,372
414,212
83,804
80,690

1920.

seres.
16,841,174
10,070,4ï6
1,838,791
4
2, 011
1.391,076

2,705,622
1. 873,954
839,07b
148,602
146,455
10,061,069
5,106,822
519,014
172,449
1,140,921
4,074,48J
3,089,700
480,699
160,960
103, 700

,1918.

bush.
164,436,100
222,049,500
47,607,400
6,181,700
5,776,000
48,191,100
54,473,500
27.963,400
3,935,700
1,091,000
92,493,000
107,253,000
11,888,000
1,420,000
4,205,000
23,752,000
60,323,000
7,756,000
826,000
480,000

1919.

1920.

bush.
165,544,300
235,580,000
36,682,400
7,262,400
5,232,300
40,975,300
57,698,000
17.149,400
4,089,400
520,300
f)!/, 994, 000
112,157,000
8,971,000
2,000,000
4,490,000
34,575,000
65,725,000
10,562,000
1,173,000
222,000

bush.
234,138,300
314,297,000
40,760,500
8,273,600
7,588,800
37,542,000
57,657,000
17,520,000
2,318,600
1,157,800
113,135,300
141,549,000
10,501,500
2,535,000
5,705,000
83,461,000
115,091,000
12,739,000
3,420,000
726,000

214

PRODUCTION

4.-Total Areas and Values of Farm Crops in Canada, 1915-20.
AREAS.

Provinces. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
acres. acres. acres. acres. acres. acres.
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 39,140,460 38,930,333 42,602,288 51,427,190 53,0,19,640 52, 8.'J0 , 865
P. E. Island...... 481,930 485,910 491,210 488,180 526,628 536,105
Nova Scotia...... 727,260 746,580 752,980 910,387 1,011,144 919,547
New Brunswick. . 893,800 889,220 888,125 1,188,200 1,335,118 1,253,834
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . 4,901,760 4,590,200 5,778,139 8,201,362 7,973,021 7,905,987
Ontario........ . . . 9,391,500 7,637,500 8,233,500 10,000,063 9,915,884 10,108,272
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . 4,843,816 5,030,960 4,837,660 6,325,150 6,344,318 6,020,310
Saskatchewan... . 13,036,596 13,850,769 14,678,042 16,332,872 17,430,554 17,347,901
Alberta.. . . . . . . . . . 4,570,918 5,409,544 6,692,616 7,739,391 8,170,971 8,389,521
British Columbia 292,880 289,650 250,016 241,585 342,002, 349,388

VALUES.

$

$

$

$

$

$

Canada... . . . . . . . . . 825,310,600 886,.J9!,900 1,114,636,,150 1,372,935,970 1,537,170,IOO'l,t55,244,t!
O

P.E.lsland...... 10,930,400 14,124,100 16,530,000 16,277,800 22,367,400 18,530,400
Nova Scotia...... 19,566,700 22,369,800 23,313,400 42,486,200 63,357,000 47,846,550
New Brunswick.. 20,092,600 22,924,200 24,404,200 42,891,270 53,134,400 46,357,300
Quebec.... .. . . . ., 104,683,000 102,937,300 153,197,900276,776,900309,963,000330,251,000
On tario. . . . . . . . . .. 207, 043, 500 190, 646, 000 251, 095, 100 384, 013 , 900 383, 573, 900 375, 746, 900
Manitoba....... .. 92,318,800 76,749,000 137,470,750 180,507,500 182,097,200 133,989,900
Saskatchewan... . 265,605,700 292, 773, 900349,488,200 299,362,500340,029,800 271,213,000
Alberta......... .. 93,514,200 148,738,600 176,965,800 113,072,700 158,044,400204,291,500
British Columbia 11,625,700 15,232,000 12,171,100 17,547,600 24,603,000 27,017,500

_
GRICUL7'L"RP

215

C01l1parative ,raluc of Field Crops, 1919 !Lind 1920.-In
'fable 5 the field crops of Canada for the year 1920 are cOln-
p
1red ".ith thuse of 1919 in rcspect of quantity and value. For
1920 there is an iucf(':1H' in the total value of rye find all root and
fodder crops, excepting turnips, etc. 'Vheat, oats, harley and other
grain crops, excepting rye, sho,v a decrease. 'fhe net decrease in
value of lU20 as compared 'with lUlU i
caused by lower prices off-
settin
higher yield
in the case of ".hcat; for potatoes, fodder eorn,
sugar beets and alfalfa both yield and value in 1020 are higher than
in l DI9. For oat
, barley, pl"
l:', lllixpd graill:', ftaÅ
lnd turnips,
etc., the yield
are higlll'r, hut the lower prices renùpr t he total values
le
s. For bcans, buckwl}l'at and corn for husking, the reduction in
value is cau
('d by both lower values dlHl lower yields. For hay and
clover alHI
rain hay higlH'r values outweigh 100wpr yicld:5. Taking
th(\ field crops :15 a ,,"hole, the total value is less in lU20 by only
5.3 p.c., this decrease bcing cau
ed by lower prices to the extent of
21.7 p.c., n10re than offsetting hio-her yields to the extent of lû. 4
p.c.

5.- t'it.'ld Crol\S of eall3da, compared as to (!uantit)' and' alue, for 1919 and 19"!0.
("000" omitted)

Field Crops.

l'all wheat _ . . . . . .
::-\pring \\ heat. .. .. ... ... ..
.\ll wheat. . _ _ .
Oats. . . . . . . . . , . , . . . - . - .
Barley, . . . . . . . . . . . . . - .
It ve. . . . . . . . . . - , . . - . . .
l
èao:). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bean::;,.,. ..... ....-
Buckwheat..... . . . .. . . -
)Ii
ed grains. ... .... . . . . ' -
Fla
......, - -. ..........'
Corn for husking. . . . . . - . . .
Potatoes... ..... . . . . . . .
Turnip::., etf',
Hay and clover.. . . . . . . .
Grain hav..... ........ ,
Foddpr còrn... .......
f:ugar beets. . . . . . . . . . . .
Alfalfa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

Actual
value,
19
0.

s

36,5,")0
:390,807
4:!7,3'")7
2
0, 115
52,821
15,086
8,5:34
4,918
11,513
29,236
15,502
16,594
129,803
48,213
348,166
4,518
43,701
5,279
13,888

Valuo
at pri('('

of 1919.

s

47,847
575,270
623,117
4:?6, 705
77,840
15,773
10,OS7
5,663
13,496
43,972
33,041
18,685
127,O:?1
56,966
276,367
3,955
39,014
4,478
12,758

\('tual
valup,
1919.

S
39,336
418,386
457,722
317,097
69,330
14,:?40
9,739
6,215
15,831
37,77,")
22,610
22,080
118,894
54,959
338,713
4,379
34,180
2,606
10,800

Inc'rease
(+) or
ùpcreasc
(-)

Due> to I Due to
higher IlargN <+)
(+) or or sma.ller
lower ( - )
(-) prices quantitips

s

s

$

- 2, 7
6 - 11,297 +
, .) 11
-27, :'79 -184,463 + 1.5fj, 8S4
-30,36.5 -19,"),7nO + 1ß.5, ;39.5
-36,9S2 -146,590 +109,608
-16,509 - 25,019 + 8,510
+ 846 - 687 + 1,.j33
- 1,20.5 - 1,5.33 + 348
- 1, 297 - 745 - 552
- 4,318 - 1,983 - 2,335
- 8,5:39 - 14,736 + 6,197
- 7,108 - 17,539 + 10,431
- 5,486 - 2,0
n - 3,395
+10,909 + 2, 7
2 + 8,127
- 6,746 - 8,753 + 2,007
+ 9,4,")3 + 71,799 - 62,346
+ 139 + 563 - 424
+ 9,521 + 4,687 + 4,834
+ 2,673 + 801 + 1,872
+ 3,088 + 1, 130 + 1,958

Totals...... .. .. .. .. . l,t55,2U 1,788,938 1,537,170 -81,926 - 333,691 +251,768

Increase or decrease per
cent.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

- 5.3 - 21.7 + 16.4

216

PRODUCTION

Quality of Grain Crops, 1911-1920.-Table 6 gives the aver-
age ,veight per measured bushel for each of the principal grain crops
fron1 1911 to 1920, with the ten-year average for the period 1910-19.
It shows that for fall wheat the weight.in 1918 and 1919 was about
61.20 lb., ,vhich is above the decennial average of 60.22 lb. For
spring ,vheat the average, 59.11 lb., ,vas exceeded in five years out
of the ten and for all 'wheat six years out of the ten, the average
being 59.38 lb. The average of 35.17 lb. for oats ,vas exceeded for
six years out of the ten and for barley (average 47.23 lb.) five years
out of the ten. For the remaining crops the decennial averages are
a
follo.ws, the number of ti:wes the average ,vas exceeded being placed
within brackets: Rye 55.22 lb. (5); peas 59.57 lb. (9); beans 59. DO lb.
(7) buckvçheat 47 .68 lb. (4); n1ixed grains 44.90 (4); flax 55.03 lb. (4)
corn for husking 56 lb. (6).

6.-Quality of Grain Crops as indicated by Average Weight per measured bushel,
1911-20.

Ten
year
Crop. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. aver

age
1910-
19.
- - - - - - - - - - -
lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. lb. . lb. lb. lb. lb. lb.
Fall wheat..... . . 61.12 60.21 60.25 59,61 59.71 59.52 59.37 61.19 61.20 60.14 60.22
Spring wheat. . . . 59.21 58.90 60.37 59.46 60.31 56.51 59.48 58.69 58.53 59.07 59.11
All wheat. ..... 59.65 59.23 60.34 59.49 60.19 57.10 59.46 59.44 59.12 59.35 59.38
Oats....... ...... 34.65 35.40 36.48 35.31 36.61 33.86 33.55 35.61 34.16 35.62 35.17
Barley. . . . . . . . . . . 46.97 47.59 48.41 47.22 48.26 45.66 46.97 47.24 46.32 47.62 47.23
Rye............. 55.11 54.84 55.66 55.47 56.32 54.95 53.44 55.60 55.09 55.44 55.22
Peas. . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.58 56.88 60.00 60.53 60.74 59.88 59.81 59.93 59.60 60.44 59.57
Beans. . . . . . . . . . . . 58.30 59.05 59.70 60.21 59.61 60.00 59.70 58.67 59.99 59.73 59.50
Buckwheat..... . 47.32 47.62 50.32 48.20 48.02 46.35 46.49 47.41 47.23 47.95 47.68
Mixed grains.. . . . 45.10 44.48 44.74 45.51 44.98 43.13 44.41 46.39 44.83 44.65 44.90
Flax............ . 58.29 54.88 55.79 52.49 55.28 54.99 54.73 53.72 55.14 54.79 55.03
Corn for husking. 55.29 55.67 56.27 56.62 56.32 56.51 56.18 53.97 - 56.45 56.00

Average Values of Farm Land.-Table 7 sho,vs that in 1920
the average value of the occupieù farm lands of Canada, .which
includes both in1proved and unin1proved land, together ,vith d,velling
houses, barns, stables and other farm buildings, ,vas $48 per acre,
as cOIllpareù with $46 in 1919, $41 in 1918, $38 in 1917, $36 in 1916
and $35 in 1915. By proyinces, the value in 1920 was highest in
British Colunlbia, viz., $175, as against $174 in 1919, land in this
provincp having a special value due to orcharding and fruit gro,ving.
In the other provinces, the average values of fann lands per acre
were as follows: Ontario and Quebec, $70; Prince Edward Island $40;
Nova Scotia $43; lVlanitoba $39; New Bruns.wick $35; Saskatche,van
and Alberta $32. The Canadian average values of land per acre
for the years before 1920 are slightly lo,ver than those previously
published in the simiìar table appearing in the Year Book.! Thi8
is o,ving to the adoption of the principle of "\veighting," by ,vhich the
Canadian averages for all the years have been recalculated according
lSee edition of 1919, page 200.

tGRICUL7'URF'

217

to the proportion of of'f'upi('d land ill each proyincp, a
returned by
the Cen
u
es of 1911 alld lU1G. 'rhe résult i:-5 a bOII1pwhat trUl'r indica-
tion of t hl. av(\ra
e than the Un\, eio'htC'd fi
urc prcyiously
iYeu.

7.-.h t'ra 0'(' '..ihIt'S pt'r .u'rt' of Ot'('UltiNI Farm I..an(ls In (anada, as estinlatcd by
('rol) ('orrt'
ltond('nts, 1905-IO 19U-20.

Provinces. 19Oð. 1909. 1910. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
- - - - - - - - -
$ S S S S S S S S S
Canada................ . 31 32 33 37 35 36 38 41 46 18
P. E. Island...... . . , . 34 32 31 39 38 :m 44 44 51 49
::\ ova Scotia. . . . . . , . . . 2;) 31 ')- 2" 2
34 34 36 41 43
-')

('W Bruns\\ick.. 21 24 19
6 f).) 2tJ 29 35 32 35
QUf,b('c.... . 42 43 4:J 47 .')1 ..) 53 57 72 70
. . . . . . ,,-
Ontario. . . ... . 47 30 4
54 ':;2 33 55 57 fiß 70

lanitoba.. .., .., ').. 29 29 32 30 32 31 32 35 39
_I
:-:a
h.atchewan.... . :?O 22 22 24
4 23 21) 29 32 32
.\lbprta. . . . . . . . . 1" 20 24
1 23 ')0) f)" 28 29 32
-.
llriti:-h Columbia.. ... 76 73 74 1:;(\ 1'). n9 1 149 149 174 175
....)

_\v(\rage \"a
es of Farn) IIelp.- \. further adyauce is recordC'd
in the :lyeral!p ,yag<
paid for farIll help in 1920, as l"oJnpar('d with
the preyiou
yC'ar, and tlU' :lyprag(':-\ for 1 n20 \\"PI"(' again OH' highest
yet l"{'aehp(l. For Ow whol(' of CtH
:lda the ay('raJ!.e wagC':-, paid per
1110nth to fanu helpers durin
the :--Ullllner bea
on of 1020 ".ere for
n1PIl .SG and for" Ollll.n
-l7, including board; the average valu(\ of
whidl wa

::?H ppr lllOllth for 1l1C'1l and
20 per 1l10llth for W0111en.
In 1919 the correspondinp: ay('rag,es wpre:
78 for In en, including
hoard value "'24, and
-1:3 for WUI11C'n, ineluding hoard value ð19.
For the (,olnpl(,tl' ypar the av('ra
e value of ,,'ag,es and Loard ,vas

ð21 for In en and
492 for ',"OI11e11, as cOIllpared with ::;7ô4 for men
and ;::.4ß3 for Wonl(\n in 1010. By provincps, the average ".ages per
luonth for 111alC' and feluale }H'lpC'r:-:, re
pectiyely, in the sunlnler season
and ineludillg board were, in 1920, a
follows, the figures for 1919
being givpn ,,,ithin braeket:-- for c0I11pari:-:on: Prince Echvard Island

()O and 8;32 (
51 and
2b); Xova
("otia
73 and
3b (
G9 and b34);
Xe,," Brun
\\"iek
ïU and
:3.=j (:-.79 and
35); Quebec

6 and
40
(,-j6 and
3ï); Ontario 75 and '44 ( 70 and '40);
Ianitoba
98
nnd
3S ( 'SO and
52);
H
h.atchp,van
102 and
üO (
04 and
55);
_-\.lhC'rta ;0-;107 and ;:;62 (
9.) and :;.
8); I
ritish Colulllbia ::'95 and
63
(:SOG and
t3-!).
In Table 8 the total value of '''age:, and board is given for 1920,
as cOJl1pared ,vith previou::5 year
, and in rrable 9 the value of the
yearly board for 192:'> is given
('parately. As a general rule, the
value of the board per nlonth in the sunlmer 11lonths is higher than
the Illonthly value for the ,,,hole year, the difference by provinces
ranging fronl
11 to :;;;45 p<-'r annunl for Inen and from
8 to 841 per
annUlll for ".omen.

.

218

PRODUCTION

S.-Average "ftages of Farm Help In Canada, as estimated by Crop Corrt'spondents, 1914-
9.

N

Males Femal
Males per month in Females per month in per per
Provinces. :summer season. summer season. year. year
--
Wages \V ages Wages Wage
" ages. Board. and Wages. Board. and and and
board. board. board. boar
- - - - - -
$ $ $ S S S $

anada.... . ...... ........ .1914 22 14 36 8 11 19 323 um
1915 22 15 37 9 11 20 341 200
1916 26 17 43 9 13 22 397 228
1917 45 19 64 19 15 34 611 364
1918 49 21 70 21 17 38 681 416
1919 54 24 78 24 19 43 764 465
1920 60 26 86 27 20 47 821 492
rlnce Edward Island....... .1914 15 10 'y 5 8 13 221 136
...i)
1915 17 10 27 6 9 15 238 137
1916 18 13 31 9 9 18 301 16;-
1917 26 14 40 13 10 23 407 254
1918 31 15 46 14 11 25 469 289
1919 33 18 51 15 13 28 504 318
1920 42 18 60 18 14 32 572 372
-ova Scotia............... ... .1914 20 11 31 7 8 15 301 155
1915 21 12 33 8 8 16 310 169
1916 ?3 16 39 8 11 19 365 195
1917 37 17 54 14 12 26 543 296
1918 41 19 60 16 14 30 590 326
1919 47 22 69 18 16 34 628 346
1920 49 24 73 21 17 38 735 408
- ew Brunswick... . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 21 11 32 7 8 15 302 165
1915 20 14 34 8 8 16 308 153
1916 22 14 36 7 10 17 328 164
1917 39 18 57 15 1:3 28 572 306
1918 49 20 69 17 14 31 725 335
1919 56 23 79 20 15 35 604 401
1920 56 23 79 19 16 35 785 391
uebel'... . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .1914 21 13 34 7 9 16 296 175
1915 20 13 33 6 10 16 301 159
1916 25 16 41 9 11 20 371 196
1917 42 17 59 17 12 29 523 287
1918 45 20 65 20 13 33 575 317
1919 53 23 76 22 15 37 695 372
1920 62 24 86 24 16 40 767 407
ntarlo.. ..... .... ... ..... ,1914 19 13 32 7 10 17 297 172
1915 18 13 31 6 11 17 304 179
1916 23 16 39 19 13 32 360 206
1917 41 18 59 18 14 32 561 344
1918 42 20 62 19 16 35 607 382
1919 48 22 70 22 18 40 691 431
1920 52 23 75 25 19 44 736 470
lauitoba.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1914 24 15 39 9 13 22 364 226
1915 30 15 45 14 13 27 390 245
1916 30 18 48 12 15 27 454 2S3
1917 47 21 68 23 17 40 689 4:>2
1915 55 23 78 26 19 45 791 494
1919 63 26 89 32 20 52 889 55:
1920 70 28 98 34 24 58 975 559
askatchewan......... . .1914 24 17 41 9 14 23 366 235
1915 25 17 42 10 14 24 386 241
1916 31 18 49 11 15 26 434 278
1917 50 23 73 23 18 41 734 470
1918 61 25 86 29 20 49 849 545
1919 66 28 49 32 23 55 912 5!)S
1920 72 30 102 35 25 60 1,003 653
Iberta... . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .1914 24 16 40 10 14 24 365 236
1915 27 17 44 10 14 24 404 253
1916 32 20 52 13 16 29 501 299
1917 53 23 76 25 19 44 784 476
1918 60 26 86 28 22 50 863 569
1919 67 28 95 34 24 58 976 648
1920 76 31 107 36 26 62 1,038 638
rltlsh Columbia........ . . . . .1914 27 21 48 13 18 31 460 324
1915 30 19 49 15 16 31 463 287
1916 28 22 50 11 18 29 543 325
1917 53 25 78 H !1 18 303 i81
1918 61 28
9 34 23 57 903 589
1919 65 31 96 37 27 64 1,065 715
1920 64 31 95 36 27 36 1. 033 762

es

s

d.

c

p

N

Q

o

1\

S

A

B

FARJ! LrVp STOCK

219

'.-.\u'raC;t' "aC:l"
prr) C.1r of }'arm )(rlp in C
lnada, a

tlmat('d hr Crop COrrC!\IJOn-
dt'uts, 1920.

1.1 3.lf

.
Provinces. " ages
\\ agcs. Board. and
board.
$ $ $
<'"uada . . . . . . . . ft: 2;

'!1
P. E. I<::land.... . . 371 201 ;'i2
Xova
cotia._ 4-') 2fj
i3;'
. . ,-

C'W Hruns\\ ick. . . .,)
1 2;'4 i
;'
Qul.bcc..... . . . :;:?4 243 i6i
Ontario........ . . . - . . . 4i4 262 736

Ianitoba. ..... . . 6.30 3'r 9i5
. . . . . . . _oJ

a'5katchc" an. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HI;7 331J 1,003

\lb('rta........ . . . . . Wi 341 I,03S
British Columbia..... .. .. . . ( '4 349 1,033

'-'1' \ 1'ISTI('S OF ".\ R
n 1.1\'1':
T()(' h..

}.'emal('s.
\\
es
"agcs. Board bond
board.
$ $ $
275 217 49..
212 160 372
218 190 408
213 liS 391
23.j r'> 407
,-
2.')9 211 4iO
312 247 559
3G4 2
9 1,5:

3f,O 2i8 738
431 311 742

unlbcrs of Farm ,Aniolals.-Ill 1'ahle 10 are given by prov-
inces the nUlllber of each description of fa.nn live ::,tock in Canada,
for the year 1 H20, a
conl}Jared "ith ] U 1 f), according to estilnate:-;
jointly Inade by the
tati:-\tical authoritie
of the DonlÌnion and
Provincial GOVCrIUllents. rrhe total nUl11ber of hors(,s in Canada
on June 15, 1920, ""a
estin1ated at 3,400,332, as cOlllpared ,vith
3,(jß7,3ß9 in 1919. :\Illies nUIllhered 9,053, as against 15,102 last
year. Cattle nUlnbercù 0,177 ,3hO, ao:; cOIHpared with 10,083,011 in
1019, ineludinf.!, tnilch CO'YS 3,530,23h, as cOlnpared "ith 3,548,437;
f'heep 3,720, 7
3, as
oIHpart'd with 3,421,938, and s,vine 3,516,ß78,
as cOlupared ,vith 4,040,070. The total head of poultry ,vas 30,505,819,
as con1pared ,vith 34,645,238 ill 1919, the different de
criptions in
1020 being hells 25,942,105, turkeys 791,Î(j6, geese 754,455, and
ducks UI7,(j3b. Rabbits, all in Briti:-\h Columbia, numbered g2,146,
a
agail1
t g3,030 in 1910. For all dc
criptions of farlI1 live stock,
excepting sheep, the nUlnbers in HJ20 were ll'
s than in 1919. Sheep,
,vhich for so Illany years before 1917 ,,-ere declining in numbers,
sho,,-ed a further
ati
factory increase, the number, 3,720,783, con-
stituting: an advance of 29S,t'25 over the re('orù total of 3,421,938 in
1019. By provinces, Prince Ed,,"ard I
land ::;ho,ved an increase over
the numbers of 1919 for all descriptions. In the other provinces,
hor
es sho,ved a decrea:-:e, as con1pared ,vith 1019, in all provinces
except Briti
h Colunlbia, ,vhere the nUluber ".as 44,070, as compared
,vith 43,717. Cattle ;::.ho".ed a decrettse in all provinces. Sheep
increased in all provinces excepting
Ianitoba, and swine decreased
in all provinces excepting Prince Ed,vard Island. Poultry, including
all descriptions, increa:,ed in Prince Ed,vard Island,
lanitoba, and
British Colulnbia, but declined in X ova Scotia, New Bruns,vick,
Quebec, Ontario, 8a
katche,van and ..\lberta.

.

220

PRODUCTION

10.-Numbers of Farm Live Stock In Canada by Provinces, 1919 and 1920.
- CLASSIFICATION.-Horses: Stallions, Mares and Geldings 2 years old and over: Colts and fillies, under
2 years. Cattle: Bulls for breeding; Milch cows; Calves, under 1 year; Steers, 2 years old and over. All
other cattle.

Province.

1920.

Canada-
Horses-
Stallions... __....... ..
Mares...... . . . . . . . . . . .
Geldings. . . . . . . _ . _ _ . _ _
Colts and fillies.. . . . . .
Total. _ . . . . . . . _

Mules.... . . . . . _ . . . _ . . . . .
Cattle-
Bulls....... . . . . . . . . . . .
Milch cows...... .....
Calves. . .. . . . . . _ _ .
Steers. . . . . . . .
Other cattle. . . . . .. . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . .
Sheep.............. .....

Swine..... . _ . . . . _ . . . . . . .

1919.

No.
49,084 1
1,634,724
1,366,677 2
616,884
3,667,369
15,102

300,471
3,548,437
2,424,229
840,319
2,971,555
10,085,011
3,421,958
4,040,070

Poultry-
Hens.......... '" . .. .. 31,785,722
Turkeys.......... '" . . 839,711 4
Geese..... 802,869 4
Ducks.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 777, 692 4

1920.

No.
44,401 1
1,504,462
1,315,968 2
535,521
3,400,352
9,055

279,659
3,530,238
2,141,954
782,132
2,743,397

9,477,380
3,720,783
3,516,678

25,942,105
791,766 4
754,455 4
617, 638 4

TotaL................ 34,645,238 5 30,505,819 6
Rabbits (British Colum-
bia only) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

P. E. Island-
Horses-
Stallions. _ . .. ... . . .
Mares.... .
Geldings.... . _ . . .
Colts and fillies.. . . . . _
Total.. . . . . . . - . .
Cattle-
Bulls. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Milch cows.......
Calves.... .
Steers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other cattle...........
Total.. . . . . . . . . .
Sheep. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Swine. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Poultry-
Hens................. .
Turkeys........... _. _.
Geese. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ducks................ .
Total.. . . . . . . . . .
Nova Scotia-
Horses-
Stallions............. .
Mares. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geldings..... .... .
Colts and fillies.. .... .
Total........., .

83,050

75
17,851
12,455
4,195
34,576

3,708
45,662
32,589
4,299
39,219
125,477
114,955
49,510

575,647
9,388
26,544
13,134
624,713

1,718
35,972
27,056
4,843
69,589

82,146

80
18,630
13,427
3,432
35,569

4,958
49,932
36,297
5,277
42,679
139,143
128,529
49,917

611,399
6,482
22,654
9,282
649,817

1,226
36,244
26,635
3,748
67,853

Province.

Nova Scotia-concluded.
Cattle-
Bulls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Milch cows............
Calves. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steers. . . . . . . . . . . " ...
Other cattle. .. . . . . . . _ .
Total.. . . . . . . . . .
Sheep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Swine...... .. . ... . .... . ,

Poultry-
Hens..................
Turkeys. . . . . . . . . _. ...
Geese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ducks. . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . .
Total. . .. .....
New Brunswick-
Horses-
Stallions and geldings.
Mares. . . . . . . . . .
Colts and fillies. _ .
Total.

Cattle-
Bulls...... . . .
Milch cows. . . . . . . . . . . .
Calves. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steers. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Other cattle...........
Total.. . . . . . . . . .
Sheep..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . _
Swine..... .

Poultry-
Hens..................
Turkeys. . . . . .. .. . . . . . .
Geese.... ... .
Ducks. . . . . . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec-
Horses-
Stallions...... _... _ _..
Mares........... ....:.
Geldings..... ........ .
Colts and fillies. . . _ . . .
Total.. . .. __ ..
Cattle-
Bulls....... . . ..... .. .,
Milch cows. .. . . . . . . . . .
Calves... .
Steers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other cattle........ . .,
Total. . . " .....
Sheep. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Swine..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1919.
No.

6,806
162,230
82,481
50,643
103,901
406,061
261,529
69,982

813,715
7,903
15,796
17,545
854,959

32,027
38,685
7,116
77,828

12,370
153,058
83,857
25,163
90,574
365,022
212,745
104,939

729,619
30,627
24,396
12,056
796,698

14,068
213,192
184,132
52,510
463,902

122,232
1,056,347
494,060
92,296
504,709
2,269,644
1,007,425
935,425

No.

5,979
170,308
79,379
43,936
98,859
398,461
403,567
57,950

805,328
6,283
16,532
10,543
838,686

32,894
38,242
5,601
76,737

11, 226
147,760
70,737
26,049
77,216
332,988
280,090
92,925

701,987
22,192
20,142
8,913
753,234

9,040
196,043
170,793
57,323
433,199

119,394
1,030,809
449,394
75,431
457,184
2,132,212
1,031,982
836,431

lExcluding stallions in New Brunswick. 2Including stallions in New Brunswick. 3Including
145,659 cows suckling calves in Alberta. 4Not including Alberta. fiIncluding 439,244 other than hens
in Alberta. 6Including 2,399,855 poultry of all kinds in Alberta.

F lRJf LIVE STOC](

221

10.- 'umbers of "arm 1.lft' Stock In ('anada by Pro\lnrt's. 1919 nn(119
O -con.

Province. 1919. 1920. Pro
ince. 1919. 1920.
Quebec-conl'luded. "'as
atrhe" an -
Poultry- lIors('S-
Hens........ - . . . . 3,4oj7,4
O 3. 177,-I0:! Stallions. . .. . .. . . 15,002 12.018
Turkeys....... .. o' . 118, H(}i 114,377
rarl's.... . .. . 4;6,2
9 3R3, 300
Get'8c......... . . . 124,3
1:
(I, 3
. Geldings... . .. . 393,002 3Ii!1,518
Duels. . . .. . 108,206 115,6Y; Col
and fillies.. . . . 193,359 1;-1,969
Total. .. . 3,&08.9iO 3,537.
OO Total. 1. 078, 452 939,h05
Ontariu -
[ulcs.... . 14,522 8,475
} I or
l":oo-

tallions.. . . .. . 4,Oði 3,902

rar
. .. o. . 354.677 3'>1,517 ClLttk-
Gl'ldinJ!:
... . .. . 269,390 266,-1;7 Bulls... _ __ 30,714 27.534
Colts and fillies.
n, 415 b2,7-11
[j)('h cows... 0 374,062 35-1, 507
Calves.. .. 364,336 326,308
Total. - . 719,569 704,640
t('('r8. . . 1
.>,915 130,';1

Otlwr cattle....... 474,536 484,96.>
Cattle-
Bulls.. . .. . 63,b9 65,';57 TottLl. 1,379,563 1,324,062
::\[ilch cows....... .. . 1,141,016 1,170.010
C'ahes..... . .. . 6:-.S, MO 6.;5,316 :;hecp... . 146,911 100,918
f'teers.. . . ... .. . 260,204 245.706
Other cattle....... . . . . 773,932 745,OJ8 Sv. ine. . . 432,367 321,900
Total. .. . 2.927,191 2,ðSl.82';
Sheep.... . .. . 1,101. ';-iO 1, 129,O
.1 Poultry-
Hl'M... . 8,079,351 6,21i,518
Swine... .. .. . 1,695,4Si 1,61-1,350 Turkl'}"8....... . 179,8'>2 221, 691
G('C
e. . 112. lO:J 92,743
Poultry- Duc ks 1-14,221 75.1S8
Hen:,. .. . 10,573.506 10,0.10.872
Tur key:). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3:!7, bO"J 267,b"'3 Total. 8,.')15,;;27 6.607,140
G
('... 42tl, b63 395.2JS
.Ducks........... . . . . . 377,838 311,652
\n....rta -
Total. . . 11 . ';0:;, bOO 11 , 005, 6-15 } lor:,{'8-

hllions.. 11, 806 1.5,810
)Ianltnha

[arN..... 318.050 303,531
llor:,
- Geldings. 2"'6.191 277.2.iO
:'tallions. .. . 1..';00 1 , 500 Colts and fillies. _. lö-l,333 145,260
)[ar
161,:!74 158.114
Gl'ldings _ _ . . 14-1, 4 ';0 141 , 246 Total. 800,3bO 741,8.51
Colts and fillies. . . 72. 112 55,768
Total. .. . 379.356 356,628
Cattll

CattlE'- Bull
38,274: 26,384:
Bulls.. . .. . 19,021 16.734 )Iilch Co\\ s. . .. . . 336,596 305,607

Iilch CO\\s...... 227,Sï2 221,7b5 C'alves.. .. 428,b
8 321.547
C'alves. . .. . 207.5ï7 177.272
tccr8..... .. 180.734 171.216

teer
....... . .. . 91,065
3,769 Other cattle 599,552 531,11:)7
Other cattle. .. . 236 , 2:
6 :!5:-..414:
Total. 1,5b4,0-14: 1,355,941
Total. . . _ . . ';öl,7ïl 757,9i4
:.;heep... . 364,498 383,424
Sheep.... . .. . 167.170 156.716
. .1 S\\ine... .. 445,858 286.556
::
m ine. 261. 5-12 212.5-12
Poultry- Poultry-
Hen... 2.429.90b 3,100.000 Hcfu!. ..... 3,987,131
Turkl'Y:' 157.51b 145,000 Turkeys. _._ l 439,244

Gl'e<;(' . 61. O:!5 64,500 Gec!'e.. 2.399,855
Due h.::. 82,715 64,000 Ducks. , J
Total. ' ... . I 2.731,166 3,373,500 Total. ' ...... -.. 4.426,375 2,399.855

222

PRODUCTION

10.-Numbers of Farm Live Stock In Canada by Provinces, 1919 and 192O-Concluded.

Province. 1919. 1920. Province. 1919. 1920.
British Columbla- British Columbia-con.
Horses- Other cattle........ _ . . 148,896 47,855
Stallions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828 825
Mares... '" 18,734 18,841 TotaL......... . 246,238 154,772
Geldings...
. . . . '" . 17,154 17,728
Colts and fillies. . . 7,001 6,676 Sheep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,985 46,473
Total.. . . . . . 43, 717 44,070 Swine. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,960 44,101
:Mules.... . .......... . 580 580 Poultry-
Hens.................. 1,139,365 1,297,599
Turkeys...o..... . . ' 7,717 7,858
Cattle- Geese..... . . . . . " . . 11, 962 12,262
Bulls....... . . . . . . . .4,157 1,693 Ducks. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,977 22,363
Milch cows........ 51,594 79,520
Cal ves.. . . . . . . . . . . 41,591 25,704 Total. . . . 1,181,021 1,340,082
Steers....... _ . . , . . . - -
Rabbits.. ...... . . 83,050 82,146

H.-Estimated Numbers of Farm Live stock, 1915-1920.

Live Stock.

Canadi\-
Horses...... ..
Milch cows. . . . . . . . . . . .
Other cattle. ' , . . .
Total cattle.. . . . . . . . . . . .

h
ep. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SwIne.... ..'. _.......

Prince Ed ward Island-
Horses................... .
Milch cows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other cattle. . . _ . . . . . . . . . .
Total cattle...... . . . . . . .

i

:::::::::: ::: ::::::::

:s ova Scotia-
Horses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Milch cows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . '
Other cattle '............
Total cattle... .... . . . . . .
Sheep. . . . . " .. . .
Swine......... .....

New Brunswlck-
Horses. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Milch cows. . _ . _ . . . . . . '
Other cattle. .
Total cattle....... . .,. . .
Sheep. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Swine....... ............

Quebec-
Horses. . . . . . . . . . ' . . _ . '
Milch cows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other cattle. . . . . . . . . . .
Total cattle. ... ... . . .
Sheep. . . . . . . . . . . .
Swine. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Ontario-
Horses........ . . . . . . .
Milch cows, . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . .
Other cattle. . . . . . . _
Total cattle....... . . . . . .
Sheep. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Swine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '

1915

No.
2,996,099
2,666,846
3,399,155
6,066,001
2,038,662
3,111,900

36,898
47,043
59,503
106,546
86,640
40,792

63,244
128,814
144,458
273,272
205,542
53,402

65,827
101,665
96,437
198,102
111,026
72,533

372,567
720,420
612,500
1,332,920
554,491
632, 729

903,52ï
1,077,808
935,606
2,013,414
611,789
1,469,573

1916

No.
3,258,342
2,833,433
3,760,718
6,594,151
2,022,941
3,474,840

38,562
46,032
57,260
103,292
88,797
38,300

64,193
130,141
140,673
270,814
200,979
51,928

65,169
100,221
92,223
192,444
105,997
70,683

332,628
639,805
535,693
1,175,498
497, 711
531,303

896,208
1,082,119
901,924
1,984,043
589,581
1,404,618

1917

No.
3,412,749
3,202,283
4,218,657
7,920,940
2,369,358
3,619,382

38,948
46,032
54,970
101,002
90,573
35,236

64,193
131,442
135,046
266,488
200,979
49,850

65,169
100,221
89,456
189,677
103, 877
69,269

379,276
911,023
958,010
1,869,033
849,148
712,087

887,246
1,082,119
865,947
1,947,966
595,477
1,236,064

1918

No.
3,609,257
3,538,600
6,507,267
10,045,867
3,052,748
4,289,682

32,620
41,429
69,092
110,521
73,046
40,814

70, 101
157,829
249,422
407,251
259,847
68,238

66,590
120,123
166,624
286,747
140,015
79,814

496,811
1,163,865
1,245,819
2,409,684
959,070
997,255

732,977
1,097,039
1,770,683
2,867,722
972,341
1,656,386

1919

No.
3,667,369
3.548,437
6,536,574
10,085,011
3,421,958
4,040,070

34,576
45,662
79,815
125,477
114,955
49,510

69,589
162,230
243,831
406,061
261,529
69,982

77,828
153,058
211,964
365,022
212,745
104,939

463,902
1,056,347
1,213,297
2,269,644
1,007,425
935,425

719,569
1,141,016
1,786,175
2,927,191
1,101,740
1,695,487

1920

No.
3,400,352
3,530,238
5,947,142
9,477,380
3,720,783
3,516,678

35,569
49,932
89,211
139,143
128,529
49,917

67,853
170,308
228,153
398,461
403,567
57,950

76,737
147,760
185,228
332,988
280,090
92,925

433,199
1,030,809
1,101,403
2,132,212
1,031,982
836,431

704,640
1,170,010
1,711,817
2,881,827
1,129,084
1,614,356

FAHJ1/ LIrE STUC}{

223

11. - ....tlmat('d 'umbrr.. of "arm I.he stot'l
, t!II;;-1920-roncludl'tl.

Live Stock. 1915. HII6. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
":mltoIM - Xo. No. No. It No. No. No.
H ()rz,.c
. . . . . . . . " . 317,H7 324.175 324.1i5 3S4.7i2 379.356 356,628

1iI('h CO\\8 . 15ï.4H4 1 !Iti.
.,," 202,177

.'), 6.i!! 227,g72 :?21,71'i5
Ot hf'r ('uU 10 N6. fìO.J 357,
iO 357,h70 5:?1.240 553,R99 536.189
Total cattle... 404,097 554, 15
5l;0, 04 i 746,MJ!J 7st,7il 757,974

hN'p. . 50,
1-0 76,750 1-0.5
136,7h2 167,170 156,716
Sv.ino. 163,308 205,89b 175,013 2M,596 261,542 212,542

askat('hn\31l -
110r
es. 630. Oti2 Ml,!I07 f.
O, :
Ol 990,009 I,OiR,4.i2 939, SO.')

rilch cows 211, fì
322, 1
.i 3;)4,430 352,9ð9 3i4,062 354,507
Ot her c:Lttle 543, 6mt 6
q. :W
856,6'7 926,342 1,00.'),501 969,555
# Total cattle ...... 75.'),2!1
1,011.393 1. 211,Ot10 1,2iH.331 1. 379, 563 1,324,062
:-.hl'('p....... . 133,311 124,2:i7 127,R92 I:J4.177 146,911 160,918

\\ ine. . . 411,324 530,727 5i3,938 5
I, 240 432,:m7 321,900
Alberta- -
Hor

. . 544:.772 634,1bh 71"",317 791,24b bOO,3
O 741,851

Iil('h CO\\
I
:J. 974 277.324 325,
61 32H, 702 3:J6. 596 305.607
Other cattle . . f)fin. 000 SI\2,766 1.209,433 1. 362. f\,O 1. 247. 44
1,050.3341
Total cattlE'....... b43.974 1.160.090 1.53.').294 1.691.582 1.5M.044 1,355.941
::-iht'Cp. . . . . - 238.579 2tl;? . 620 276.966 332, 17!1 J64,4!lg 3b3,424
S\\ine. . 22f l . b96 tiO.J. .')54 730.237 601,534 445,858 286,556
IIrltl..h ('0InmhI3-
Hon.c
L . ... . 61. 355 61,312 55,124 44,131 43,717 44.070

I i )('h ('0\\ S 37, PH 39,31b 49,005 50.96j 51,5!14 79,520
Ut her ('uttl(' . . 100.439 103.101 191,338 195.165 194,644 75.252
Totul cattle....... 13M,3'-3 142.419 240.313 246,130 246,238 154.972

hN'p. . . 46,401 46,2ti!J 43.t:\.5g 45.291 44.9
5 46,473

wine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38.543 37.829 37.6&5 39.805 44,960 44.101

llncluding 14:>.6:)9 cov.
suckling calves (\Ibert.,).

"'alues of Farnl Live Stock and of \Vool.-As coulpared with
1!119, thc values of fann live &tork in 'rable 12 sho". a considerable
dC'er('a:-\c. For Canada as a ,,-hole, hor:-;(':-\ undC'r one ypar averaged :-"4H,
as against :-..55 in 1919, hor
e
OIl{.. year to under three years :;102, as
a
ain
t
lOg, and hors(\
threp years old and ovcr 151, as again,-;t
;"\lG1; eattle undpr one y('ar :--:
O, as ag;ain
t
2.), cattle one year to
under thr{'e yearR
-1.), a<.; agair

t
.)(j, ('attic thr{'e years and oyer ;S(j7,
a
again,>t '8
. For all description
, the average value pcr head for
Cnnnda "a:o; for hor
e!:)
I06, as again
t
119 in 1019; for milch co',"s

ðO, as again:-\t :"\92; for other cattle
4 7, n
ag-ainst :,58; for all cattle

59. as against '"'70; for
heep 10, as against
15; and for s".ine
S23, a
agnill
t
2.). For
,yine ppr 100 lb. live ,,-eight the average
was
1.5, a
againf't
IG in 1919. The average price per lh. of ''"001 in
1020 for Canada ,va

2 cents for un".a
hed and 32 cent
for washed,
as a
ain:--t la
t year's records of 55 cent
and 70 cents per lb.
By application of the averagc ynhl{,s per hcad as in Table 13 to
the nUlnbers of farru live stock, as retun-:.ed in June, 1920, it if' possible
to calculate approximately as in Table 14 the total value of farnl live
stock in Canada for the year 1920, ,vith tl1(' corre
pondinp.. values for
1019 in brackets, as follo,,"s: Horç.:es ::-361.228,COO (
135,070,OOO);
cattle B5t.)1,500,OOO (
708,821,OCO);
h
ep
37,2G3,OOU (S50,402,000);
s,vine
81,155,OOO (
102,309,OCO). Thu
, the total value of thef=:e
de:-;rriptions of farn1 live stock anlounts to :'1,041,246,000, as conl-
pared ,,"ith 81,296,G02,000 in 1919.
Farm Poultry.-Table 15 gives the numbers and values of
farm poultry in 1920, the values being obtained by application to the
numbers of average values per head reported for the first time by
crop correspondents.

224

PRODUCTI01V

12.-Average Values of Farm Animals and of Wool, as estimated by Crop Correspo
dents, 1914-20.

Horses.

Provmce.

1 year
to
under under
1 3
year. years.

Milch
3 cows.
years
and
over.

$ $ $
Canada. . . .. .. . . . .1914 55 114 165
1915 54 111 160
1916 54 109 160
1917 57 116 167
1918 56 112 162
1919 55 108 161
1920 49 102 151
P. E. Island...... .1914 46 95 143
1915 42 92 136
1916 37 76 112
1917 41 79 118
1918 43 86 131
1919 53 97 146
1920 45 93 141
Nova
Scotia...... .1914 53 116 166
1915 53 108 167
1916 50 99 150
1917 49 101 149
1918 51 100 152
1919 55 109 167
1920 51 107 157
Kew Brunswick. . .1914 54 123 183
1915 59 127 182
1916 55 113 169
1917 54 118 165
1918 60 125 175
1919 62 125 204
1920 58 120 176
Quebec..... . . . . . . .1914 49 107 164
1915 48 104 159
1916 49 105 155
1917 53 117 171
1918 53 114 171
1919 55 120 179
1920 50 111 169
Ontario........ . . . .1914 54 111 152
1915 51 102 142
1916 52 105 151
1917 55 105 147
1918 54 105 146
1919 53 101 144
1920 52 100 143
)Ianitoba....... . . .1914 61 126 176
1915 63 124 178
1916 61 123 171
1917 63 127 178
1918 65 126 182
1919 59 117 172
1920 50 104 154
Saskatchewan.... .1914 63 133 187
1915 64 132 150
1916 65 133 188
1917 69 137 194
1918 64 134 190
lÐ19 56 108 162
1920 46 97 149
AI berta . . . . . . ... . . . 1914 45 91 137
1915 47 97 142
1916 51 102 151
1917 55 109 161
1918 48 96 142
1919 40 82 I'Y

"
1920 32 72 114
British CoIumbia..1914 46 93 162
1915 42 93 136
1916 48 87 144
1917 50 101 155
1918 52 98 150
1919 63 110 167
1920 50 103 162

Other horned
cattle.
Swine
1 year per
to 3 100lb
Under under years live
1 3 and weigh t.
year. years. over.
- -
$ $ $ $
16 37 54 7
17 38 55 9
20 43 63 12
24 52 77 17
25 57 88 16
25 56 83 16
20 45 67 15
11 23 35 7
11 25 37 8
14 31 46 12
17 37 54 17
17 38 60 16
20 48 72 16
14 31 47 13
10 25 42 8
11 28 44 8
13 33 54 11
18 41 63 17
15 40 62 17
17 46 75 18
16 40 66 16
11 24 39 8
11 25 37 8
13 28 44 12
16 37 55 16
18 38 58 17
17 41 58 17
15 35 53 15
11 27 41 9
12 28 42 10
16 35 52 14
19 43 67 20
18 40 62 17
19 42 64 17
16 35 54 17
20 43 62 8
20 45 64 9
23 51 71 12
29 63 90 17
29 65 94 17
29 64 95 17
25 55 82 16
17 38 56 6
18 41 60 8
21 47 67 11
27 .:;5 83 16
28 65 93 16
26 59 85 16
18 43 65 14
18 41 61 6
20 44 62 8
22 47 67 10
27 58 83 15
30 64 92 15
27 60 86 16
19 45 66 13
21 42 61 6
22 45 64 8
27 51 73 11
33 62 87 16
32 64 95 15
26 57 83 16
20 45 64 14
22 48 73 8
21 48 67 9
24 48 72 13
2t1 62 89 17
29 65 93 15
35 70 102 19
30 68 95 19

$
57
62
70
84
87
92
80
39
42
52
63
71
83
60
40
45
53
63
65
76
71
40
40
48
63
65
70
61
47
51
62
81
79
84
75
64
70
76
92
96
107
92
62
65
74
88
91
90
71
66
69
73
85
91
91
73
66
69
77
89
93
89
ï1
89
91
90
103
106
118
125

Wool per lb.
Sheep. -d
Un. <D
...c::
washed.

--
$ $ c. $ c.
7 o 19 0.26
8 o 28 o 38
10 o 37 o 59
15 o 59 o 75
16 o 62 o 80
15 o 55 o 70
10 o 22 o 32
6 o 21 o 27
7 o 32 o 40
9 o 37 o 47
14 o 60 o 76
15 o 65 o 83
14 o 46 o 59
8 o 19 o 26
5 o 21 o 26
5 o 31 o 40
7 o 39 o 49
9 o 61 o 74
10 071 o 88
11 o 62 o 76
8 o 21 o 29
5 o 22 o 22
5 o 30 Ú 40
6 o 36 o 48
10 o 59 o 74
12 071 o 89
11 o 57 o 73
8 o 21 o 32
7 o 23 o 30
7 o 33 o 43
11 044 o 58
15 o 65 o 83
14 o 63 o 83
13 o 57 o 76
10 o 29 o 42
9 o 19 o 25
10 o 26 o 33
13 o 34 044
18 o 55 o 66
20 o 61 o 76
18 o 54 o 67
12 o 18 o 25
9 o 14 o 18
9 o 21 o 29
12 o 31 o 37
16 o 51 o 55
17 o 56 o 67
15 054 o 61
9 o 17 o 23
7 o 15 o 20
8 o 20 o 24
10 o 28 o 38
14 o 50 o 54
17 o 56 071
15 o 51 o 62
8 o 19 o 28
7 o 14 o 18
8 o 23 o 2.'>
10 o 28 o 37
15 o 51 o 55
15 o 57 o 69
14 o 52 o 64
10 o 18 o 22
8 o 15 o 16
8 o 19 o 20
11 o 29 o 45
14 o 46 o 52
15 054 o 64
16 o 49 o 58
11 o 17 o 32

FAR]I LlrJi' STuCK

225

13.-.\ u'ra J '-"hlt'!\ I)t'r bt'ad of J'arm I.he :">10<'1.. In ("anada. ":0, ('sUmalt'tl by ('rol) ("orrt'
pondt'nts,
1915-19' Þ O.

Farm \nimals.

('anada -
II or
t':-.

[iI('h ('O\\

( )t ht'r ('att It'.
Total ('attl....

hl't.'p. ....

\\in(".....

J.rhl(,(, }"d\\ard I
bl1d -
Hor
c:,.. .

I i Idl CO""9
Ot hl'r ('aU It>
Total cattlt'. ..
:,ht"t,p.
:'Ì\\ ine. . . . .

o\a
('otla -
II or
t'8 .

lilch ('0\\. .
( )ther cattle
Total ('uttlt'.
:-:ht'l'p.
:'\\ ine.

't'W llrun
"lclt.-
lIurl"e:.. .. ....

Iilch cO\\s.
Ottwr cattle.
Total ('tLtt Ie
:,het'p ........
:-:\\ine......

IIIt'hr -
Ilor:-t's

Iilch CO\\:o.
Otllt'r cattlt'
Total cattle. . . . . .

hN'p........
:-:\\ inc......

On 1 arlo -
Hor:.cs. . . . .... .
\Iil('h ro

Ot her catt It'
Total cattle
:-\hN'p .
:'\\ ine. .. . . ..

:\Ianltoba-
Hor
t's... .

li1ch CO\\8
üt her cattle. .
Total cattle.......

hecp.

\\ine..... .

:-;askatchl'\\ an -
Hor:-.es.

Iilch CO\\".
Ot twr caU Ie
Total cattle

h('t'p .

\\ ine. .. . .. .

Alberta -
HorsC8........ .

fi1('h CO\\"8.
Other cattle. '"
Total cattle.
Sheep........
:-'\\ine........ .

British Columbla-
lIorses. ........ ... . .. .. ........

Iilch CO\\S, ......................
Ot her cattle . . .. . . . . . . . . __ ..
Total cattle. ......................
foIheep " .... .. ......................

\\ ine........ ........................
18427-15

1911

S
125
62
5
52

14

106
42
2h
34
7
13

121
45
32
3

6
18

137
40
2,1\
34
5
If'

112
51
41
46

15

120
70
4S
59
10
14

133
65
44
52
9
15

147
69
4h
54
8
13

113
69
49
53
8
13

102
91
50
61
8
15

HH6

S
129
70
54
61
10
IS

101'\
53
3

.1
7
1

12;
-19
:
:J
41
7
17

115
62
51
57
II
17

1 :!.:;
76
65
71
13
18

12...
74
51
59
12
17

149
73
51
58
10
17

121
77
56
61
10
17

10.

94
55
66
II
19

HH7

.
126

6
57
69
15
.26

b1
52
35
42
9
20.

132
!\'>
46
63
15
29

113
!IJ
63
79
19
25

13..,
88
57
b9
16
24

138
85
59
66
14
2.:;

122
b9
64
70
15
24

118
103
65
73
14
21

1915

S
127

7
61
70
16
26

ho
tH
3'\
50
14
27

III
63
45
54
9
29

I ,)..
-,
6:

40
5')
10
27

131
i
.
4í
61
14
26

111
96
67
i8
20
'27

1-11
91
64
ï3
17

tJ

14

91
66
73
1ï
28

107
{l3
70
74
15
24

123
106
67
75
15
24

1!11t)

.
119
92
58
70
15
25

10:J
71
44
54
15
29

117
65
H
,!):

10
30

1-11
6,')
41
51
12
28

110
Hlï
6

83
18
25

131
90
58
67
1.1)
27

1 <)

a
91
62
70
15
26

129
118
71
81
16
28

l't?O

.
106
bO
47
59
10
23

114

q
.1)3
64
14
<)..
_I

109
60
34
4J
8
24

I ,)..
_I
76
54
6:

11
29

119
71
43
5.')
8
24

1:
H
70
-12
sa
II
31

139
61
39
49
8
22

134
R4
4-1
hi
1:

24

12b
75
38
56
10
26

108
92
57
71
12
23

114
71
44
52
9
22

108
73
45
59
8
20

94

!I
60
66
14
25

80
71
45
51
10
18

126
126
7l.
99
11
21

226

PRODUCTION

li.-Estimated Total Values of Farm Live Stock in Canada, by Produces, 1915-1928.

Province and Year. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Swine. Total.
$ $ $ $ S
Canada........ .. .... .1915 373, 381,000 316,380,000 16,226,000 43,653,000 749,640,000
1916 380,884,000 360,874,000 20,312,000 49,477,000 811,547,000
1917 429,123,000 544,676,000 35,576,000 92,886,000 1.102,261,000
1918 459,]55,000 706,058,000 48,802,000 112,751,000 1,326,766.000
1919 435,070,000 708,821,000 50,402,000 102,309,000 1,296.602,000
1920 361,328,000 561,500,000 37,263,000 81,155,000 1,041.246,000
P. E. Island..... . ... .1915 3,911,000 3,588,000 606,000 510,000 8,615,000
1916 3,355,000 4,369,000 799,000 766,000 9,289,000
1917 3,408,000 4,998,000 1,245,000 947,000 10,598,000
1918 3,353,000 5,930,000 1,081,000 1,183,000 11,547,000
1919 3,935,000 8,024,000 1,603,000 1,320,000 14,882,000
1920 3,880,000 5,991,000 1, 073, 000 1,205,000 12,149,000
Nma Scotia........ . . .1915 7,621,000 10,354,000 1,130,000 961,000 20,066,000
1916 6,933,000 12,172,000 1,306,000 935,000 21,346,000
1917 7,141,000 14,391,000 1,809,000 2,626,000 25,967,000
1918 8,194,000 21,383,000 1,433,000 2,020,000 33,030,000
1919 1 8 ,838,000 25,496,000 2,877,000 2,099,000 39,240,000
1920 8,066,000 21,927,000 3,260,000 1,395,000 34,648,000
New Brunswirk 1915 9,018,000 6,767,000 555,000 1,269,000 17,609,000
1916 8,244,000 7,904,000 689,000 1,202,000 18,039,000
1917 8,244,000 9,848,000 1,039,000 1,853,000 20,984,000
1918 9,3R5,000 14,580,000 1,642,000 2,219,000 27,826,000
1919 10,776,000 19,510,000 2,449,000 3,291. 000 36,026,000
1920 10,666,000 16,237,000 2,241,000 2,044,000 31,188,000
Quebec....... . . . . . . . .1915 41,728,000 61,187,000 4,159,000 9,175,000 116,249,000
1916 38,252,000 66,720,000 5,226,000 9,032,ODO 119,230,000
1917 49,875,000 118, 078, 000 12,737,000 20,294,000 200,984,000
1918 65,082,000 148,007,000 13,427,000 25,929,000 252,445,000
1919 62,163,000 139,119,000 13,097,000 22,450,000 236,829,000
1920 55,583,000 119,164,000 10,320,000 21,747,000 206,814,000
Ontario.... '" . ..... .1915 108,423,000 119,349,000 6,118,000 20,574,000 254,464,000
1916 112,026,000 140,866,000 7,370,000 25,283,000 285,545,000
1917 100,259,000 154,428,000 11,016,000 31,211,000 296,914.000
1918 8], 16
,00O 224,280,000 19,766,000 43,896,000 369,111.000
1919 79,153,000 242,895,000 19,831,000 42,387,000 384.266,000
1920 76, 197,OCO 205,007,000 13,349,000 37,641,000 332,194,000
Manitob.t........ . . . . .1915 42,274,000 21,088,000 432,000 2,368,000 66,162,000
1916 40,754.000 22,313,000 597,000 2,215,000 65,879,000
1917 44.574,000 38,330,000 1,289,000 4,157,000 88,350,000
1918 54,371,000 54,168,000 2,317,000 7,517,000 118,373.000
1919 49,523,000 52,684,000 2,518,000 7,185,000 111,910,000
1920 40,536,000 39,344,000 1,389,000 4,601,000 85,870,000
Saskatchewan.. .. . . .1915 92,619,000 40,699,000 1,066,000 5,347,000 139,731,000
1916 fj6,025,00C 44,214,000 1,384,000 5,686,000 147,309,000
1917 121,482,000 80,329,000 1,822,000 14,492,000 218,125,000
1918 147,511,000 93,261,000 2,281,000 14,59.5,00(\ 257,648,000
1919 139,807,000 96,381,000 2,204,000 11,242,000 239,634,000
1920 101,499,00r 69,509,000 1,287,000 6,438,000 178,733,000
A bertn.............. .1915 61, .559,000 44,942,000 1,789,000 2,871,000 111,161,000
1916 68,673,000 52,949,000 2,455,000 3,658,000 127,735,000
1917 87,635,000 106,789,000 4,016,000 17,708,000 216,148,000
1918 84,662,000 125,971 ,000 4,983,000 14,437,000 230,053,000
1919 75,236,000 104,804,000 5,103,000 11,146,000 196, 2R9, 000
1920 59,348,000 68,963,000 3,833,000 5,158,000, 137,302,000

P.t It.\l Il1.r; 8Tn(Y!\

"227

u.- .'
tlmated 'rotal 'alu(' of t'arm I he
tock In Canada, b) PrO\illces. 1915-19
O
-f'ol1f'lud('d.

.
Provincf' and '\ ('ur. Hor1'f':'I. Cattle. Shf'(,p. S" inf'o Total.
I S S S S
ßritbh ('uhnll 1)1a .. .1!H5, Ö, 22S, uoo, :-',40H,OOo 37l,OOo 57R,Oo(l l,j I :)
:
, (Ion
lOHì 6, ti22, 000, 9, :Hiï. 000' 4
6,OOO' 700,000 Ii , 1;.1. 000
1
11 i I 6, ,'}o.) , 0001 17 . 4
,') . onn
()n:
, onn I 7Hl,OOO, 2;),
q,OOO
!tH,1o, .5,42"',000 IS,47
,OOO' ()7!t, 000' 9,'},),OOO 2.) , ,j40, oon
)fH!' 5,li

',OOo
]9,00\0\,001'1 720,000' 1,2,)9, uoo' 27 , 5 :?t) , lIOO
1920 5,.:;,j3,OOOj 15,
':;",OOO ,=> 11,000' 926,0001 22, 34,
, oon
I

I,) - .:..tlm:sh'd
umht'r, and' ;,hlt''\ (If Farm Poultr) In Canada, 19'!0.

.\\t'r
. Total \ vl.rage Total
Dt'...rript ion. , '\ un' l>t'r. pri('(' vslut' Dl . ('I ipt ion.
umh('r. prir(' vdul'.
I per h<'tul. per lll'<Lll.
- -
Sets $ S ('b. I
'anada - Untarlo-
I'urk(')"!':
06, 166 4 00 3,225.0011 Turk('y
.
6i,
,1 ,) or 1.339. -tOll
Gt"t'H. 761,655 2 80 2.131,100 Gt......(' 39.1, 23
2 "''''I 1. 13!o1, aOtl
I 111(' k
. . 6;} I, 235 1 50 !li6,900 Duck 311 , 6;)2 1 fJ'" -t!I:? !I()O
( If h(,1 fo\\ I.. . . 2S. 2"0, 76.1 1 01' 30,fi'\3.o0r Ot Ilt'r fo\\ I.. ... lO,030.bi:! 1 19'11. !I.m. iOO
Total
30,,j0,j,St, 1 1 37,016,0 Tot ai, . 11,00,j,G.-, 1 3.)1...,90;,300
trilH'l' "'d \\ .&rtl Wanltuba -
f..l:wd - 1'urhy 14.'), om 3 3, 4,0.O<'U
rurkl'YB. . . . 6,4b2 3 72 ::?4,100 ( ;t"<':-I' t>4. ,íor' 2 ;,.) II1-t . .')00
( ; t'('
e . . 22,654 285 64 , tj(l() I>uckr- 64,001, 1 25 >0.0.0(10
Duch. 9,282 1 oil 13.00(, Üt her fO\\ 1:-. . . 3.10(1.01 ( o 90 2. 7!11I.1I1I(I
( It ht'r fo\\ lb. 611.319 1 00 612.000 Totar, . . 3.3i3,5CO 1 C-I' 3,.jl.J.:iOO
Tot al:oo 61' ,"\ Ii 1 10 '4H,:WO 221.6011 I

a
"at"'u'\\an -
0\"3 Srotla- - Turk(') :- 3 00 liD.). 100
rurk(')
. 6,2E.3 4 24 26, tlOf: (; ('t"'P 9:?, ;1:-: 2 50 2
1. !I(IO
l;t"t.''''c. 16,532 3 05 50,40(' Du(' k
;.'). 11-
1 2.''i1 !14. OliO
Ducks ..... 10,543 1 50 15, .,0(' Ot h('r fowl ... 6.217.51"i o !12 5.7::0, too
( It h('r fo\\ 1:- .....
05, 328 1 00
05, 300 Tot al'i ... . 6,G07,UO 1 02 6, il1.100
Total.!, " \iI,6
6 1 O. '!}
,10" 14,4001 I
.\lht'rta -
"" Brun,wlcL.- l'urk{') . .

!I .U,2(\0
Turk{'
!-. 22,192 4 00 88, ....011 G ('('<. {' 7,201 - .).) IS,4nll
Gee:-e. 20,142 3 07 61,f..OO Duck.... . . 33, 597 J 1 :?2 41.000
Duck!' 8,913 1 59 14,20'-, Other fo\\ l
2,34-1.6!)'" II
I:! 2, 1.17, 000
Ot her fO\\ Is. 701. %ï 1 15
o; ,30 Total, 2,399,
,j.j o 9-1 2.260,600
Totals '" 753,%31 1 129 9;%,100 ..M<I
Rritlsh ('tllumhia
uebee - Turkey.. 7 .'"i0 j
.9nO
rurk(') s.. _. 114,3;71 4 3.') 497,90ft (;('(':-(" . 1:?,26_ 3 j
43.
ftO
G (,{,Sl' . 130,384 2 74 3,17.300 Duc k
22,3631 1 k.; 41.4011
Ducks.. . . 115,69;/ 1 59 1 "4, 0011 Ot h('T fo\\ I... I, 297 , .1)9
1, 1 50 1.
1-t6. 400
Oth('r fowl!- " 3,177,402 1 23 3, 90
. 200 Total., 1.:UO,O

1 56
,'190,(.4tU
Tota''i. . ...-... 3,537.8 0 1 "U 4,9-t7,-IQO I I

(

::\

Q

Fur-Farmin
in Canada.-AC'rording to a report i
sued by
the l)on1Ïnion Bureau of
tati
ti('
. th{> total value in IBIO of the
fur-farIning inùu'-'try in (1anada, ,vhich includes ranches and fur-
hearing anilnals oth('r than those of the :,ilver fox in Prince E(h,.ard
I
land, ".as ;;$:3,078,02ö, \vhieh cOlnpri
('s :-.\:3,009,4,=)8, the value of
fur-bearing anilllais and S87h,568, th(' valu(' of land and pens. Alto-
gether there 'v ere in 1919, 414 fox farIn
in operation, ineluding
2--19 in Prince Elhvard Island, 49 in X ova Scotia, 20 in X e,v Bruns-
wick, 52 in Quehec, ten in Ontario, one in
Ianitoha, one in
a
kat-
ehe".an, 11 in ...-\.lherta, eight in Briti
h Colulnbia and 13 in the
18427-15

228

PRODL
CTIO^T

Yukon. There .were also three nlÌnk farms in Nova Scotia and t,vo
small raccoon farms in Quebec, ".ith property valued at $1 875 and
8765 respectively. The nUlnber of silver foxes on farms at date of
Decelnber 31, 1919, ,vas 6,878, v.ith a total value of $3,012,965.
Patch or cross foxes nUlnbered 831, valueù at $75,458, and red foxes
255, valued at $10,345. Of the total nunlber of silver foxes, Prince
Ed,vard Island possessed 5,149,
oYa Scotia 375, Ne,v Brunswick
458, Quebec 318, Ontario 120, the Prairie Provinces 280, British
Colulubia 65, and the Yukon 113. Silver foxes born on fur farms
in 1919 numbered 4,877, patch or cros:, foxes 495, red foxes 162, 111ink
40 and raccoons 2.
A total of 2,028 ::-5ilver fox pelts of the value of $481,864 lvere sold
frolll fur farnls in 1919, distributed by provinces as follows: Prince
Ed,vard Island, 1,570, value $368,654; Nova Scotia 116, value

28,843; N e,v Bruns,vick 100, value ::!i22,855; Quebec 84, value
830,525; Ontario 44, value
6,417; l\Ianitoba, Saskatche".an and
Alberta 63, value $13,180; British Colulnbia 8, value $1,330; and
the Yukon 43, value
10,020. There ,vere also sold froln fur farms
305 patch or cross fox pelts, value $20,914; 156 red fox pelts, value
84,216; one blue fox pelt, value
65; 56 111ink pelts, value $1,030,
and two raccoon, value $30.
In all, therefore, during the year 1919, the total number of pelts
produced by C,anadian fur fanns ,vas 2,548 of the '<lalue of $508,079.

DAIRYIXG.

Creameries and Cheese Factories, 1917, 1918 and 1919.-
rrhe total number of dairy factories Illakin
returns in Canada in
1919 ,vas 3,282, as compared ,vith 3,373 in 1918 and 3,418 in 1917.
Of the total in 1919, 1,018 \vere creameries, 1,787 ,vere cheese factories,
453 were cOlnhined factories Illaking butter and cheese, and 24 ,vere
condensed milk factories. The great Illajority both of creameries
and cheesf' factorie
,vere in Quebec and Ontario. In Quebec there
,vere 631 crf'amerie::;, 833 chef'se factories, 403 c0111bined factories
and one condensed l1Úlk factory. In Ontario, creameries numbered
179, cheese factories 888, combined factories 37 and condensed milk
factories 17. The total nUInber of patrons (i.e., farmers supplying
milk and cream) ,vas 275,060, as cOlnpared \vith 252,416 in 1918
and 248,683 in 1917. In 1919 the patrons numbered 79,015 in Quebec
and 99,771 in Ontario. The totaL value of the capital inve::-5ted in
the dairy factories of Canada in 1919 was
28,388,026, as c01l1pared
,vith
23,131,620 in 1918, and $19,628,001 in 1917. The number of
employees ,vas 10,716 in 1919, anci their ::-5alarie::-5 :tnd \vage::-5 amounted
to $7,629,997. The aIllount paid to patrons ,vas $107,412,542, as
compared ,vith $83,637,391 in 1918 and $73,863,301 in 1917. The
total expenditure ,vas $128,556,744 and the value of products ,vas
8135,196,602, comprising butter $56,371,985; cheese $44,586,168;

D
1IR}ï.\"G

22H

cOIHh'n:-:p( 1 produrt

1 :J. n;{o,.") 1:3; wholp IHilk and ('I"('anl
I'>, ib
, i."):!
and Illi:-:('pllallpous ;-..1,81 H, I
-L For un
, t IH' eXIH'n:-:t'S tot alh'd
l()l,-
3f>-1,tH2 and th{' produets wen' yahH'd at :--;}07,:3-tO,ð.")O.
Production and 'Talul
of Crl
an1ery Bu tter.-''l'hc total
produ('tion of ereaull'ry Luttprin lBIH Crable 16) was 103,bUO,iOilh.,
yalup 5ti,:Jil,!Jð3, a:-\ ('olllpan'd with 93.20h,3-1ö lb., yalup "'.1l,
30,I3()
in HH
, and
i,.,)2ti,H;i
J Ih., yalup ':
-!.27-L218 in 1
t17. (llH.he(' and
Ontario tog;ethpr produepd ahout ()!) p.t". uf thp total erparrH'ry buttpr
in Canada. 1"hp production of (llH'l)('(' in IHln was :{B ()Sl.:J()() 11,.,
yalup c...:!O,ð57,32:3, a:-\ ("olllpar(,d with :{f),7t) 1.0'>7 11,., Y:\luc
I().3ü-t,050
in 101
and ".ith :31,3H2..,)G2, yalue :-:13.ü
C).310 in IHli. Ontario
in 1Ul!J pf()(lu('ed 33,UU:
.5f)2 lb., yalup 18,3-l0,H.>I, a
cOlIlparpd
. t I ') (\ t -.) t,), ) I . l .) I ,. . > (\.) I... ., I (\ 1 \.l 1 · ) "'" - - ( >> - - "'" I
\\ï 1 _.'. t;)_. t_...., ya UP
.J, \,).}.".}O In v 0, ant _0,") ),1.)0, Ya UP

II ,2:Jt>,R:JB in 1 H 17. For a II Canada t 11(' a Yf'ra!!:p wholt'sale pri('p of
en':Ullpry hutter \\.ork('d out at .")-1 (.('nt... per II,. in lUlU. a:-: (,olllparcd
,,"ith 43 ('Pllt
per 11.. in 10lb and 3U ('('nt"'!H'r 11>. in lUli.
Production ...lnd Yalue of Factory Chccse.
l'he total pro-
(luetion of faetory che('
c in ]9HJ Crablp 17) wa
1l>h.121,
7l 11,.,
yahlt\ '1-t))
f), I tiS, n:-: eonlpa n'd wi th 17 -!,
7b,31;i lb., yahH' "

n,.L")(),.>;32
in 1Ulb :lIHlln-l.UO-....;3:
() Ih.. yalup :,-tI,I
O,ö2:3 in Utli. Ontario and
Qud)('(' to
('t Ilt'r prot1u("pd Hi p.l'. of t la' total fa('torY-1I1:ulp ('hpp:-:c
in Canada. In Ontario tlu' quantity produc 'ù in 1019 was 103,320,011
Ih., valup '27 ,9
0,4 77, a=" ('olupan'd with 1 07 ,ö
{), i2-t Ih., value
"'
-t.3.)ü.OH-J in 19]8 and 1:!1.17:3,U
ti Ih., yalup .2.'),7i1,U.t-t in 191i.
In Quehp(' t h(' qunntity prodlH'ed in UH 9 ,vas 58.0-t-l., i1 U Ih., valup

};,).30':} -l
S. as (,olnpared with ()2,070, 1 ()2 11,., yalue
13,9iü,8G6
in 1918 and ü7,b35,Oli Ih., yalup bI4,li2,2i3 in 1917. rrhe averag p
,vholc
ale price of factorY-lnade ehe '....e for Canada was, for 191 B,
27 cent':) per Ih. as compared ,vith 22 cent::, pf'r lb. in HU8 and 21 cent:-:
per lb. in 1 U Ii. For 1 gig the highest price ppr lb. ,vas in
a
katf'hewan,
32 tPnt:-: per Ih. In the othpr proyilu.(,:-\ thp pri('(' rangpd frOlll 2G
('ents to 2H eent
per Ih.

liscellaneous Dairy Factory Products.-The production of
conden
ed Inilk in 1910 ,,"as ß2,216,3b3 lb., valued at 9,456,016; of
evaporated milk, IG,107,934 Ih., valued at ::;I,7
Y,080; and of milk
po,vder, 6, ibS, 770 lb., valupd at
1.617 .04ti. Thp value of the crcam
and whole milk
old by dairy factorie
'VH

1.
,-l88,752. Thp largpst
proportion of the Inilk and rreanl :-\old i
eontributed by city dairies,
,vhich are cla
:-:ified a
dairy factories when producing butter or
chppsp. Table 18 sho,,"
the quantitips and values of product
other
than butter and cheese in the years 1917, 1918 and 1919.

230

PRODUCT/OiV

16.-Production and Yalue of ('nalUt'ry Butter, by Provinces, 1917, 1
IS, 1919.

CRE.UIERIES.

Province. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
lb. lb. lb. S $ S
Prince Edward Island.... .. ' 513.520 5-1ð,924 7-1ì,8
5 205,368 249,039 400.693
N oya ðcotia. . . , 1,746,662 1,756.905 2.102,419 711,652 808,755 1,183,76

New Brunswick... 498,173 633,316 910,5(}'1 206,564 290,539 503,714
Quebec. ., . 28,726,628 30.839,505 30.680,200 11.404,337 13,722,990 16,957,549
Ont:uio.... . . -...... .. . 26,288,841 26.969,588 31,921.695 10,241,545 12,003,063 17,243,316

ranitoba.... . . .. . 7,050,921 8,431,962 8,268,342 2,595,472 3,895,041 4,350,693
Baskatchewan. 4,220,758 5.009,014 6.622,572 1,575.965 2,221,403 3,495,172
Alberta. .. . . .. . 4,998,096 6,597,319 8,771.137 1,887,262 2.934,705 4.538,993
Brit
sh Columbia. 1,201,646 1.560,478 1.646,820 555,747 797,782 1.005,686
Canada . .. . 75,215,251 82,317,011 91,671,5H 29,383,912 1 36,923,317 49,679,5;8

CO:\fBIXED FACTORIES.

Province. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
lb. lb. lb. S S S
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . . . . 41.345 37,b93 83,93
16,762 17,065 44:,494

ova Scotia.... . - - - - - -
New Brunswick..... .. ...... . 67,526 26,694 - 27,122 12,279 -
Quebec. 5,665.934 5,921,552 7,001,166 2,284,973 2,641,960 3,899,974
Ontario. . 1. 694, 509 1,160,095 881 , 25.
664,523 546,935 492,351
Manitoba.. . - 5,000 - - 2,435 -
f'a..katchewan . - - - - - -
Alberta.... . 3,945.87::; 2,4.15. !H8 3,0,11.75;' 1,527.279 1,091, 14ti 1,593,740
RritiEh Columbia. 93,097 21 , 446 21,470 38.8'/6 1O.0i9 13,311
. .
<'
anada 11,508,28t 9,628,59ð 11 ,039 , 5S.
4,55!>,535 4,3"1,899 6,0!3,S78
I I

('O'DEXSED Fo\CTORIE8.
Province. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
--- ---------
lb. lb. lb. S S $
Prince Ed ward Island.. 42.406 34,937 73,9I'ð 17,810 27,46S 40,693
i\ ova Scotia. . . 5,010 2,560
Ontario. . 730, 996 1.267,
O2 1.100,61
312,961 586,472' 60.1, 2
4
I
('ana.da 773, 402 1 1,322,739 1,1;9,611; 330,711 6t:}, 940 I Gts,ã:n
TOT.\L.
Province. 19lï. 1915. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
lb. lb. lb. S S S
Prince Edward I:sland..... 597,271 641,754 905,752 239,940 293,572 485,880
Xova ðcotia.... .... . 1,746,662 1.756,905 2.107.42g 711,652 808,755 1,186,322
Kew Brull:swick............. 565,699 660,010 910,504 233,686 302,818 503,714
Quebec. . 34,392,562 36,761,057 37,681,366 13,689,310 16,364,950 20,857,523
Ontario. . . 28,714,352 29.397,485 33.903,562 11,219,029 13,136,470 18,340,951
)Ianitoba. 7,050,921 8,436,962 8,268,342 2,595,472 3,897,476 4,350,693
Sa::ikatche\\:an::....... . . .. 4,220,758 5,009,014 6,622,572 1,575,965 2 , 221. 403 3,495,172
Alberta... .. 8.943,971 9.0,53,237 11,822.890 3,414,541 4,025,851 6.132,733
British Colu
bi
'.'.... 1,294.743 1, .')81,924 1,668,290 594,623 807,861 1. 018. 997
Canada . 87,526, 939 1 93,298,348 103,S90,707 34,274,218 41,859,1..6i 56,:171,9".;
I

J).1/U}Y/SG

231

;. IÞrodlidlon and' aluc of }'ador) Cht't'st', b) YroYlnct'
1'17, 191101 and 1919.

CHEESE FACTOIUi::>.
.
Pro\ inee. 1917. 1915. 1!1l9. 1917. 191
. 1919.
lb. lb. lb. S S S
Prince Ed\\arù bland... I, 599 .
"-'i 1. 535.
71 1. 677,431 333.723 350.606 432,502
:\ 0\ a :-'cot ia 67.497 61. 195 47.360 14.26
13.
97 1
,9,j2
XC" Brun.
"ick. 1.18ð.2t16 1,149.367 1. 2.12,
-t!}
-I.l. fi
9 2.19.431 349.794
Queb<'C 0.014.037 39.117.406 37. 9:18, Sï
R. :161. OSI 8.776. !lty.? 10.001.712
()ntario .. lU.319.617 102. t-ï4. 662 99,046.731 2-1.31
,420 23,
13,;;20 26. i -14 , 016
:\Ianitoha .. I. OO:J, 64û 6.'i7.0
5 4
:I, ,,j,1 IW.036 143.6!J6 III . 89S

a.... kntdll'y, an 104. 649 1 I:J.573 35.4.12 3,2.i7 11 ,52i
Alherta IM.90
30.1,.')!)

:!.692 43.431 80,195
Briti:òh Columbia. 35.000 230.347 21\9.501 10,655 56,076 83.805
Total I 111,017 ,bote 3.1,áu.i,äD.; 32, 37 ,8')
,tOI
I.')'" 34
,G
71 J4d,

4,4111 O,MI6
I
("O.IBI
ED F
CTOHIE
.
Province. 1917. 191 lQ19. 1917. HU8. 191Q
lb. lb. lb. S S S
Princt.' Ed\\ard I:;land....... 635.100 665,497 i\.l5, I:J
13
.594 152,677 2U8.007
:\l'Y, llrun:;y,iek. 55. h 10 35.S.')':) 12. 016 1 8,146
(
Ul'h('(' 27.81O.9ðO 22.952.756 20, 105, M 1 5.MI,192 6.19!ì,!lM 5.303.776
( )ntario 6,853.46' 4,ð39.56U 4,200,0\12 1.453.524 I, OC:JIJ. 4:161 1,156.470
\[anitoba . 500 :.!.')7.4;3 1 125
.\lbl'rta 1,170.256 367. tt?6 ll4. !):
2 87 . 4
O 64,963
Briti:,h Columbia 36.094 19.300 15.00 ' 8. 2911 1 4, b25 1 4,500
('anada ',561, ;0'1
" ""1.,-106 l.Þ,. :10,99; 7,675, ..... .,55%,'-'>3 1,737,776
I I

CO
DJ:S
!:D FACTOIUE
.

1918. 1919.
S S
43.063 19,991

Province.

1917.

1918.

1919.

1917.

lb.

lb.
li2.4931

lb.

s

.. .1

73.21'-

Ontario ..

TOTAL.

::5

Province. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919
.
lb. lb. lb. S S S
rince :f: d \\ ard Island. . . . . .. 2.234,985 2,201.368 2.4;2.563 466.317 503 , 28.3 640.569
. 0\ a
eotia. . . _ . . 67,497 61.195 47.360 14,269 13,897 12.952
:'I;ew BrUD8\\ick..... . - - - . - 1.2-14.106 1.185.225 1.252,849 257.645 26i.577 349,794
uebec 67.835.017 62.070.162 58.04-1.719 14.172.273 13.976.866 15,305.48b
ntario. . 121.173,086 107,8"'6,724 103.:320.041 25,771.944 24.356.019 27.920.477
lanitol.,a. 1,003.646 657.5
423.855 199.036 143,
21 111. bV8
'a,....b.ntchewan _ .. . - 13.573 35,452 - 3.257 11 ,527

lberta_ 1.274.905 652.834 520.530 280.185 130.911 145.15&
riti:>h Columbia... il.094 249,647 3M. 50') 18,954 60.901 88.305
Canada It.J,t04,336 1 .i4,
78,313 166,t21,S21 .u,1
O,'23' 39,456,532 44,586,161)
I I

p
);

Q
o
:\

n

232

PRODUCTIo.lf

18.-)lIscellaneous Products of Dairy Factories, 1917, 1918 and 1919.

1917. I 1918. 1919.
Products. --
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
$ S S
Condensed milk......... lb. 32.105,799 3,811,281 40,700,209 5,711,174 62,216.383 9,456,016
Evaporated milk. ..... . lb. 29,415,012 2,635,952 38,612,367 4,048,055 16,107,934 1,789,089
Milk powder. . . . .. lb. 3,979,514 817,287 5,530,915 1.388.2
I 6,788,770 1,617,046
Sterilized milk.......... lb. - - - 7,460,400 852,080
Modified milk. . . . _ . gal. 8,044 8,794 - - -
Skim condensed milk... lb. 127,820 6,391 495,395 29,724 494,973 32,
)21
Condensed coffee and
cocoa... . ... lb. - - - - 743,984 150,668
Whey butter. . . . . '" lb. 727,075 247,757 891,543 354,675 1,404,491 661,014
Casein. .. lb. 180,023 28,337 243,763 40,854 199,703 32,693
Ice cream. . . . . . . . gal. 2,000,761 2,200,360 2,033,190 2,517,435 2,854,070 3,634,686
Whole milk sold........ gal. 15,062,945 5,917,544 18,986,646 8,568,966 23,017,800 10,662,526
Cream sold. . . (lb. butterfat) 4,613,834 2,545,327 4,616,449 2,943,790 6,505,394 4,826,226
Buttermilk sold............ . - 205,455 - 235,529 - 256,491
Miscellaneous, including curd
cheese, skim-milk, whey
and whey cream.......... - - - 186,712 - 266,993
Total.. . . .. . . . . . - 18,421,485 - 26,025,162 - 31,238,449

Comparative Statistics of Dairy Factories.-In Table 19
the production and value of creamery butter and factory cheese for
all Canada is compared for the years 1900, 1907 and 1910 and for-the
years 1915 to 1919. For 1900 and 1910 the figures sho,vn are those
of the decennial census; for 1907 they are those of the special postal
census of that year, and for 1915 to 1919, they are as collected by
the Don1Înion Bureau of Statistics in co-operation \vith the Provincial
Governnlents. Including the miscellaneous products set out in
Table 18, the total value of the production of dairy factories in
Canada for 1919 \vas $135,196,602, nf' compared ,vith
107,340,850
in 1918 and $93,879,326 in 1917.

19.-Production and Yalue of ('reamery Butter and Factory Cheese, 1900, 1907,1910
and 1915-1919.

Year.

Estab-
lish-
ments.

Creamery Butter.

Factory Cheesf>.

1900........................ .
1907.... .....................
1910.......... ...............
1915........ .................
1916........................ .
1917........................ .
1918........................ .
1919........................ .

No.
3,576
3,515
3,625
3,513
3,446
3,418
3,373
3,282

lb. I
36,066,739
45,930,294
64,698, 165 1
83,991,453
82,564,130'
87,526,939
93,298,348
103,890,707

$
7,240,972
10,949,062
15,645,845
24,385,052
26,966,352
34,227,218
41,859,156
56,371,985

lb.
220,833,269
204,788,583
199,903,205
183,887,837
192,968,597
194,904,336
174,878,313
166,421,871

S
22,221,430
23,597,639
21,587,124
27,097,177
35,512,622
41,180,623
39,456,532
44,586,168

PRCITS

2.33

}'It,".1'
T.\1'I
TI(
Ot' (' \
.\J).\. 1919.\

COIlIIlICrci'\l Production and 'Talu
of ...\pples.-A('('ording
to infonna tion ('ollf'('t('d joint ly hy t hp l)oJllinion Bu n'a u of
ta ti;-;-
ti('
and the Fruit Branch of the l)()lninion Df'p:utlnent of \gri('ul-
hIre, the cOllunereial produ('tion of applps in Canada for thp ypar
191 9 wa
3,33-!,ôtiO harfl
b, yalul'
:!-\ ,:3UG,21 0, (list ributt'd hy prov-
ill('(':-; a:-: folIo"-,: X ova
cutia, 1,GUO,OOO La 1'1'('1:5, value "'U,U
n,G80;
X,,," llrun:-\wie k, -\0,000 harrt'b, va lu(' .
:
()7 ,-l00; Qu('l)('('. 70,500
harn'b, value .....,27 ,UjU; Ontario,
7
,
t)O balT('b, valut' .'7 ,():30,

0;
nriti:-;h Colunlhia, 2,23(),UOO bnx(':-., ('f}llivalent to 71",300 barr('l"
valup
G,.) 10,:300. TIH'sP figu rp:-; n'pfl.':-;(
nt a v('rage w hol(':-\ale pri('('

1)('1' harrcl of
ô.2-l for Xo\"a
cutia;
7.()
for X(,,, Brul1:-;wi('k: ..'7.;;0
for QUt'lw(':
. for Ontario; '
.7h for Briti:-\h Cohnnbia, and
7 .:
1
for all Canada. III thp ("a:-:(' of appl<':o: ('xportt'd to th(' lYnitcd Kingdolll
t he value in('l ude, u(' 'an fr('iJ,!ll t rat P:", ,vhi('h vari('d f rUIn s2.50 to s:

p('r barn
1. For tbe provÌIH'p of ()ntario, t he total proÙlletion of
S78,
(j() barrel;-; ("on:-;i:-\t:-: of 2-1-, 1
2 harn'ls of ('arly appl('s, 12.1,201
harrels of fall apph" and 730,:.?27 harrpl
of wintpr appl(':-;.
l'abl(' 20 ,hows for the year un n t ht' productioll and '
alup of
conllnprcial apples in Canada, and
rahl(' 21
how:-; for thc y('ar lUlU
the produetiol1 of applt,s in Ontario by Fruit Inspection 1)i4rict
.

o. - .-rod lid ion nnd , ahl(" of ('omnwrdal ..\ 1)1)lt.
In {'iinada. 1919.

Total , al UP
Province. Quantity. , alUf'. pt'r
barn'l.
Harrds. S S
Xoya Scotia....... 1, liOO, 000 9,\J89,bhO 6.24
X cw Brunswick 40,000 307,400 7.
8
Quebec...... . . - . . . . 70,500 .127. !)SO 7.50
Ontario..". .. ................. . 878,8üO 7,030,880 8.00
British Columbia......... . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . 745,300 2 6,540,300 8.78
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 3,33:1,b60 2:1,396,210 7..U

lAbridgpd from the complete Report in the _\Ionthly Bulletin of Agricultural Statif-tics,
August, 1920 (Vol. 13, Xo. 144, p. 211), and also published sepalately.

.

234 PRODUCTIOJ.V
21.-Production of Apples in Ontario b) Fruit Inspection Districts, 1919.
No Inspection District. Early Fall Winter Total
Apples. Apples. Apples. Apples.
barrels. barrels. barrels. barrels.
1 Otta'wa and St. Lawrence Valley.. 2,297 5,148 4,775 1
.2
0
2 Picton, South Bay and Lakes Dis-
trict. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 2,389 39,205 41,801
3 \Y ellington, Rednerville.. . . . . 78 7,115 12,248 19,441
4 Trenton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,088 29,004 31,09

5 Brighton....... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 341 1,441 21,78] 23,563
6 Cobourg, Colborne and Port Hope 581 3,994 37,876 42,451
7 Bowmanville, N ewcastlt and
Oshawa. . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 1,195 25,663 27,017
8 Clarkson, Oakville, f'tc..... . . . . . - . 7,880 12,240 61, 233 81,353
g St. Catharines. . . .. . .. . . . 235 109 11, 236 11 , 580
10 Fruitland-Beamsville........ .... 2,741 732 24,777 28,
50
11 Simcoe- Thamesville. . . . ....... . 73S 320 126,617 1:?7,675
12 Middle.;;;ex. '" .. . . . . . . . . . . 54 124 19,841 20,019
13 E

ex and Lambton.... . . .. .... . 1 , 4.33 14,398 57,555 73,408
14 Lake Huron. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,210 60,512 188,532 254,254
15 Gporgian Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,456 12,396 69,884 84,736
- -----
Totals.... . .. . " . 21,132 124,281 736,227 878,S60

Nursery Trees, Bushes and Plants.-During the year ended
September 30, 1919, the total value of the nursery fruit stock reported
as sold in Canad
amounted to $270,818. Of :tpple trees 306,419
were sold to the value of $85,561, c0mprising 42,327 Early apples,
value $11,741; 53,86.5 Fall apples, value $14,371, and 210,227 \Vinter
apple
, value $59,448.
The number and value of other descriptions of fruit tree8, bU8he

and plants \vere as follows: TREES: pears, 63,149, value $22,056;
plums, 75,284, value $24,980; peaches, 68,453, value $11,842; cherries,
70,557, value $24,240. BUSHES: currants, 180,040, value $28,057;
grapes, 82,345, value 88,014; gooseberries, 62,440, value $14,328.
PLANTS: raspberries, 495,331, value $27,786; stra\vberries, 1,638,538,
value $23,431; blackberries, 14,000, value $490, and loganberrie:"
330, value $33.
The average \vholesale price per tree, bush or plant works out
a
follo\vs: Apples, from 27 to 28 cents; pears, 35 cents; plums, 33
cents; peaches, 17 cents; cherrie8, 34 cents; currants, 16 cent:;;
grapes, 10 cents; gooseberries, 23 cents; raspberries, 6 cents; stra ,"v-
berries, $1.43 per 100; blackberries, 4 cents; and loganberries,
10 cents.

FllCITS

2.
,j

'fahlt, 22 :'l1l1lIll
lrizp
for (':Ul.lda and for e<leh of the provinet''';
thE' nUlulH'r and ,"ulue of tn'e
, h\l:-\hp:, or pLlnts rp}>orted a
:-\old
h
. llur:,prynll'll in Canad:l in 1919, for 'aeh (le;:;cription of fruit.

2.
. -rotal <<:uantlth'..alUl'"ahlt''' of I'rlilt Trt.t's, Rusin's and I'lants !o>old b)
UrM'r)ml'n In
('anada. b) pro,ln('('''. year ende1
pptember 3J. 1919.

I I
D
('ription of 1 \':
riC-
oJd. 1 \ V('!'8g(' I Totu:
Tn'(
. Bu
h t prl<'
'" alu e .
unù Plant. 1('". per umt
---
Xo :\0 ('t.nts. 1
('anad:r - I
ApPu'
-FarIy.
I -12,327 .2
11.74121'1
Fall IY 5J.
t)5 .2i I 14,:HO
t9
\\inh'l 53 210.227
5V,44S.-19
Total I
J06.419
I
5,5tiO , Ii
II 63.149 .35 22.056.')

34, 15.2ð4 .33 24.9bO.tO
to 6
, 4';3 .1' 1 II. S.U.
:!
:?6 70.551 .34 24.239 i,"
I 1.1.000 .04 1 t
IO,O{'
I.) 1 !{O. 040 . 16 1
6, OJ i 0,
I:J h2.J45 10 R.Ott 2.!
10 1 6'!.440 .2:
1 14.32'd)O
17 !Y5.331 06 1 27.1
.60
p<,r 100 I
_",l.6.18,
1. 43 23.430, HI
1 330 10.00 33 00

Pl'ars.
Plullls.
Peachp" .
Ch('rril.
:-:
I\1.L FRl."IT
H1u"kherri
.
Currant:'!. .
Grupp:'...... .
Goo
d)('rri
. .
H,
plX'rrieð. .

:-: tra \\ lwrril':-. . . 1
Loganherrie.s. .

Dt':-,'ription of Yaric- I::;olù. A Y
rage Total
TTl'C. Bu:-h tie<... price. Y ILIUl'
and Plant. per unit.
Xo.
o cents. S

s

On t arlit -
Apl'u;-, Farly. 11 21.6.19 .:?O 4,36
46
Fall.. P 2S.S
.2116.1Si.3t'
Winter.
105.632
1 23'162 20
Total 60 156.171 .:l2 34,31R.0.)
---
Pears.... 11 :m.850 .
U 11,
.
;
!)...
Plums.. 16 60,00.1 .26 15.i01.30
Peacllt':.
I 89,145 _09
.2i:),6i
Cherri('S. . . 11 58.024 .30 17.1 iO 53
S
\LL FRnnt'-
Currants 9 135. \Oti 011 10, Hi:? ():!
GrUpt'H . 101 i6. 9
1 071 5.120. H
Guo:.pberri
. . 1 1 31.235 I:! 4.40.... 70
H:L"'phl'rrieb. 12 393.900 .04 1 14.6:!5.6ì
I)cr 100 I

trn.wb('rrieø. . IS :
M,306 1 10: 12,O-l:! 2f1
Blu('kberrieø...
14,000
i I' O.OU
Total ,. alue.. - 127. 6,)
.

Total ,. alue..!

- 2;0.81i n.

ova
cotla - I
.-\ppu::-\-Farly.. 12 1.
50 .3')1
Fall. .. 81
25 4S 1
\\int('r. 2
1.019 .30
---
Total I

I
Pears. . 6 253 i I
Plum:5 . 1.')
21 70,
Pcach
. II 35 :!!I'
Cherrif'
10 4i4 72
S\f\LL FRUT
- I I
CurrW1b.... 1 I. 55\) Ii i
Grap('s. . . 4 14 50
Goo:-eb('rries. . 3 45h .21
Ha.'ipberries.. . 1 9.052 .0-1 1
I*r 100

trawberric
. . I
855,525 .45
Total Value.. - - -

BrUI!o>h ('ulum-
bla -
.\PPLF:i-l',:Lrly.. 7 11.467 3514,Og2.7.)
FaiL... 6 20.64! 33 1 6,721.öO
\\ intpr 2:! '-.9.156
30.950,6.)
Total
121.
6ì
1 4I,7Ii.).20
5 22,462 4.11 9,bt l !17.1
9 1O.0ß-I 4HI 4.931 OU
1 8.673 .41 3.555 90
8 10.IS.i .50,5.057.90
9 22.161 301 6.t
4 to
6 5..107 41 2.251.00
5 13.3691 24. 1 3,1.15.35
5 54.979 .07 4. 0
3.4fJ
Iper 100
8 219.679 1.25 2.727.50
I
O 10.00
.OO

b.13

3tl6 4.-
2.124 2!}

3. 17 4 5-

17g 95
M:! 95
10, 2,

3.12 10

2M. 2.1
7. ()('
100.00
3.39. iO

3,8')5 62

8.885.30

<<lu('bfr -
ApPLEs-Farly.
Fall.. ..
Winter.

6 6,739 3')

3.506 .31
17 8,038 .2S

Total.

18,2b3 1 30
3 5S4 .25
10 1.586 1 .44
4 362 1 .49
6 665 1 . 1
1
4 103 .35
4 hOO . 28
7 6.925 1 . 03
per 100
4 1,100 1.53

Pear:. ..
Plum
.
(,herri
. .

\f\LL FRLlT5-
Currantð.. .
Grapes .
Goo8eherrie:-. .
Ra.-,pberries. . . .

trawberri
.. .

Total Yalue..

Pears... .
Plums.
Pt.'aclu'" . . .
Cherri
.. ...

\fALL FRlIT8-
Currant::;. . . .
Grap<>s.. ...
Goo:-('herries.. .
Raspherries.. . .

::\trs\\ berries. .
Loganberrie:... .

Total Value.

2 ,1
9. 90 ?rairie Pro,I..-
1.055.35 ces--
2.2
3.0;) ApPI.E
-EarI:r..
FaiL.. .
5,4iH.30 \\inter

144.00
693.00
176.00
116.50
35.75
220.70
216.8S
219.00
1.300.13

Total .

Plums.. .
(,herri
. . . .
S
HLL FRLITs-
Currants. ...
Gooseberries.. .
Raspberries.. .

84.144.40

4 612 .81 496.3i
I 10 1.00 10.00
I 382 .83 318.30
- -
6 J .004 .h
824 6;
- - - --
i 2,70S 1.15 3.012 I.')
5 1.512 .99 1.493.2.')

6 19.852 .51 10.119.91
3 10.578 .61 6,443.2.')
5 30,475 .2b l 8,519.95
per 100

trawberrie5...
164. 72ö
1 12'416.40
Total Value.. - - - 42,829.58

236

PRODUCTION

The varieties of \vhich n10st numbers ,vere sold ,vere as follo'ws:
Early apples: Duchess of Oldenburg, 18,663; )T ello\v Transparent,
10,793; Fall apples: 'Vealthy, 23,938; 'Vinter apples: l\Iclntosh
Red, -12,832; Northern Spy, 13,599; Delicious, 13,252; King of Tomp-
kin
, 10,789; Fameuse, 7,015; Pears: Bartlett, 8,143. Plums: European
9,159; Japanese, 4,269; Peaches: Elberta, -1,330; Early Cra'wford,
3,852; St. John, 3,1-15; Cherries: Sours, 8,520; l\Iontmorency, 6,344
S,veets, 5,312. Currants: Champion, 20,372 ; Naples, 10,680; Grapes:
Concord, 15,9-16; Gooseberries: Do,vning, 5,483; Raspberries, Cuth-
bert, 54,530; Red, 21,000; Colulnbia, 11,160; St. Regis, 12,593;
Black, 10,675. 8tra\vberries: Senator Dunlop, 965,980; 'Yillialns,
-11,000; Everbearing, 183,351.

Fruit Production in Quebec.-A_ccording to infonnation
collected by the Horticultural Division of the Quebec Department
of Agriculture and communicated to the Dominion Bureau of Statis-
tiC8, the total production of fruit by the province of Quebec in 1919
,vas as follo,vs: Apples, 110,40G barrels; strawberrie::;, 591,605 lb.;
raspberries, 56,446 lb.; gooseherries, 28,560 lb.; and currants, 1,246
ll>. The estimated value of these fruit
,vas: Apples, at $5 per
barrel, $552,030; stra,vberries at 17 cents per lb., $100,573; rasp-
berries, at. 17 cents per lb.,
9,031; gooseberries, at 10 cents per lb.,

2.8.56; and currants, at 15 cents per lb.,
187. The total value of the
fruitR named \vas therefore $664,677.

Cold Storage of Perishable Products.-Under the Cold
Storage Act, 1907 (6-7 Edw. 'TII, c. 6), subsidies have been granted
by the Dominion Government towards the construction and equip-
ment of cold storage warehouses open to the public, the Act and
regulations made thereunder being administered by the Department
of .A.griculture. Table 23 sho,vs for 1920 the number of cold storage
,varehou
es in Canada, with the refrigerated space. This amounts
to 33,247,774 cubic feet, of ,vhich 4,928,304 cubic feet apply to ware-
houses subsidized under the Act and 28,319,470 cubic feet apply to
non-subsidized \varehouses.

('01..]) S1'O/f..tGE H 6\ HEllO ("'SES

:?
7

1)3 - Cold
for.agt. "ilrt'hoUSl'S In ('anada. 1920.

t;B:-OIDIZED Pt:BLI \\ AREHOt::-\F:i.

H.drigcr- Total
Province. I
umLer. at pd Co
t. Subsidy.
"pw.c.
Cubi,. f(.('t. S S
Prinrl' Ellward l:.-land....... .. . 1 150,000 50,000 15,000

ova
cotia...... . 3 473,490 '!.'P.7,237 SH, 171
1\Pw Bruns\\ ick....... 2 781,161 192,577 57,7n
QucL('c... , 2 24N.394 245,2S7 73,5-';(ì
( )n tario. . . . . . . . . . . . . If) 1 , (ì'!.(), 1 Uti 632,547 IS-t.514
Manitoha..... . 1 27,5()() 32,000 f}.IiOO
:-'a:-katdlPwan. . . . 4 441 , S(ìS HiO,707 4S,212
Al1wrta..... . . . . 2 :m2, .131 242,O()() 72, (ìOO
Briti:-õh Columbia..... . 3 877, 1G4 4.1S, 000 137,400
Total
uh:.;idiz('d..... . 31 1.9
....3(JI 2,:
uU.;
.i.i fi
I. S.;6

=--rB::-;IDIZFD .-\XD X OX-
t:'ß:-.I[)Ilt"D "\UEHUt:':-.t:",.

R..frig('r-
Provin('p. ::\0. nt('d
:O;pacp.
Prince Ed ward !:stand _ .1 Cubir fp('t.
4 234,000
Xova ::;cotia. . . . .. .1 18 1,097,976
Xpw Brunswirk.._ : I .).) 969,541
QucbE'c. ... .. .. 56 6,29ð,I04

Prin('ipal .\rti('lp:-- btof(.d.

Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99

1
I('at and C('nt'ral, 1 Egjls, 1 Uait and Fi...h,
1 I'ox 'l('at and
l('at.
Hutter and Icc Cr('am, 1 EJo(
:::O. 1 Gt'npral,
3 Fi
h and "('at, 1 Butter, 3 Fish. 7 Bait
and Fi
h, 1 'I('at, }
i
h, }'arm and DaiQ'
})roducts.
1
h-at and Poultry, 1 Curpd
leat
, 1 Eggs,
2 Gt'neral, Ib Bait and Fi
h.
19 Gen('ral, 10
Ieats, 2 Dairy Product:,; and
)Ieats, 1 Eggs,
Ipat and Butter, 3
I("at:'l
and Poultry, 2 Butter and Ir'e Crpam, 2
Fr{':;;h and Curpd :\Ipats, 1
Il'at, Poultry
and Fi:.;h, 3 Dairy Produet
, 3 Fi
h, 2
('ured )1 ('ats, 4 )Ieats and Gf'neral, 1

Ieats, Poultry and Gpnffal, 1
It'at and
Buttcr, 1 Dair
. Products, )Ieat.s and
E

, 1 Butter.
11,100,757 12 Genpral, 9 )Icat, 7 Butter and Ice ('re'alll.
6 Egg
and Gem'ral, 1 Butter, PoultQ'
and Egg
, 2
Ieat and Gpnf'ral, 1 ButtN
and Gf'neral, 1 Egg'i, 9 Butter, 14 )Ieat,
Poultry, Eggs and Dairy Products. 4

Ieat, Fi
h, Poultry, Egg
and DaÍIy
Product::" 1
Ieat and .Fruit, 2
Il'at,
Butter and Fruit, 12 Fish, 1
Ieat and
Dairy Products, 2 Fruit, 1 .Fruit and
Fi
h, 1 Fresh and Cured Meats, 1 Fi
h
and
Ieat, 2 Dairy and Farm Products,
2 Fi
h and General, 1
hat and Cheesc:
2 Egg::; and Buttf'r, 1
leat and Butter,
1 Meat and Provisions, 1 Meat and
General, 2 Packing House Produets.

238

PRODUCTIO
V

SUBSIDIZED A
D X OX-SUB:-.IDIZED W AREHOUSEs-concluled.

Province.

No.

Refriger-
ated
Space.

Principal Artie les Stored.

fanitoba. . .

42

Cubj(' feet.
4,006,147 6 Gc.neral, 5 Butter and Ice Cream, 6 Meat,
1 Meat and General, 15 Fish, 2 Butter,
3 Meat and Dairy Products. 1 Packing
House Products, 1 Meat and GenC'ral, 1
Fish and Poultry, 1 Dairy and Yegeta-
bles.
3 Butter, 5 Butter and Ice Cream. 5 General,
6 Mfat, Fish and General, 1 Eggs and
General, 1 l\1eat, 1 Eggs, Butter and
Meat.
3 General, 4 Meat, 5 Meat, Poultry, Egg:s,
and Butter, 5 Butter and Ice Cream, 1
Meat, Fish and General, 1 Eggs and
Fruit, 1 Butter.
9 Fish, 3 Butter, 1 Fish and ::\If'at, 2 .Meat,
2 Butter and Ice Cream, 4 .:\-1 eat, Fi:sh
and General, 4 General, 1 Fi:;.:h and Gen-
eral, 2 Meat and General, 1 Meat, Butter
and Eggs, 1 Butter, Eggs, Poultry and
Cheese, 1 Butter, Eggs, Meat and Cider,
2 Packing House Products, 1 Fruit,
Butter and Gen('ral, 1 Meat and Butter,
1 Butter and General, 1 Meat, Fish,
Butter, Eggs and Poultry, 1 Meat, But-
tn, Eggs and Poultry.
1 Fish.

a
katC'hcwan. ... . _ 22 1,560,306
Alberta. . . . ..... .
O 3,806,835
Bliti
h Columbia.... .. 38 4,129,208
I
i
I
ì
i
I
Yukon. . 1 44,900
Totals. 322 33,247,77J

PRICES OJ' AGRICrLTURAL PROD{)CE

'fables 24-29 record the average prices of Canadian agricultur31
produce and (Table 30) the ye
rly average prices from 1901 of Briti8h-
gro,vn \vheat, barley and oats. Tables 24-28 record the average
prices of Canadian grain at '\Vinnipeg and Fort '\Villis,m, \veekly, for
the ,veeks ended Saturday during the year 1920 (Table
24, 26-27)
and in monthly averages over a series of years (Tables 25 and 28).
Table 29 gives the month]y rpnge of fiver3ge prices in British markets
of Canadian wheat and oats for the years 1913 to 1920, the English
currency, ,veights and measures having been converted into Cr.na-
dian equivalent denominations at the par of exchange. Table 31 gives
the monthly average prices of flour, bran and shorts at principal markets
in 1920, Table 32 the average prices of Canadian live stock at principal
lnarkets for the three years 1918 to 1920 and Tahle 33 the average
monthly prices of selected desf'riptions of Canadian live :::;tock at
principal markets in 1920. The last-named table is an abridgment
of the more detailed classification appearing in the l\Ionthly Bulletin of
A.gricultural Statistics. Tables 34 and 35 give the average prices paid
to and paid by farmers in Canada for clover and grass seed in 1920

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I. r...I-I.22

0.9H-O.961
0.g4i-1.041
o. 9.1
-t). 97!
0.961-0.971
0.9-11 '.9
l

. h
l--tJ . 110 I
0,
xl-()'911
o. 8f'I-0.
s
0.SH
-O.H3
O. {) I " -0 . o:

f". S f".

u.

I- (I. f:O

O.
H 0.91

().
7i-0'
U
o.

l-O' !13
O. {) 1 " - O. H3

I.
-0-911 O.
9 8.91

O'hii-O.H:JI
(). 8
1-0. H:Jl
O'9:
1 0.!'4

O'9(1!-O'9:'

0."
.93

().tl21-0'\H

0'\'4
0.9,")
U.91i -o.9
1
0.94 O.9ïl
O.91l 0.961

().
):
ò.9';.
0.921-0.9.')
0.94i-O.Oii
0'96l-O'9
1

..9-1l 0.97
1.0fi
-I.1O
I . 13 1-1 . 171
1'14t-l.1;j
-
1'14t-1'17

1.291 I.:?i!

I. 15
-1 17 1
1.15
-1.281
1.26 -1.34
1.32 -1.38i
1.26 -1.32

1. 2.
-1.331

1'25
-1'31i
1'16
-1'28:
1.1O
-1'16
1.1O
-I.li

0.90 -1.OSi

I.IC l I.20l

0.92 -t).931
0,921-1.011
0.93!-O.g5!
0.93i-t).94i
8.9.3 0.961

0'87i-0'9
i
O.88!-t).93i
O'9:)
-O'N!
n. 90
-0. g:Jl
It. 7 .. .. 9;

0'9:?1-().g4l
() . 941 ü. g,)
U.9f} O'U"i
0.94 0.971

0.9-11-0.9b.
O.O
0.ff7.
O.
J:? 1-0. 9.)
0.94. 0.971
0.9(jt-O'9
i
0.9-1 -0.97
I.Otìll.l0
1.13:-1.171
1'14
-1'15
1'14
-1.17:
I .::0 -I. 26

1.13" I. 11}

1 . 15
- I . 28 ;
1.26 -1.34
1.32 -1.38l
1 . 26 -1. 32

1.2ã -1.33

1'2rj1-1.31

1 . 16 -I. 281
I . 10 i-I. 16
1.1O}-1'171
o. gO -I. OS!

I.10
-1'20

0.90I-o.g21
o. 921-t). gü!
0.93!-O.94!
o. 93i-t). 94i

0.921 O.9

O. bfiZ -ü 8

o .
.- !-O .
m

e. 841-0. 8fi

O'bf)
-O.
H
0.8U' O.HU1

I c.

c.

0.821 O.
,)
U'
:1!-t).X.')

O.Slt-t).S
l
0.H:)
-0'
7
0'
lil-0'Sil

0.
6
0.S9 0.S1j 8.S}'

0.E-:11 0.891
O.S4}-O'91i
()'91
()'93

O'S9!-0'9

O.&j. 8.9P
O.üll-0.9
!
O.9fi:-O.g41
U.9.) ---0. 9{)

o. 9a ....{). 9fi:

0.9'. O.
..

o.!I:! -0. 9f,

0.9:?i-O'94!
0'93i-0.96

0.9.=>1-0. tlti:
o . 9:1
O. 96

I. On
-I. 09

I. lll-I . 16

1'12l-1'13

I'I:J
-I. Wl
1.18 -1.24

1.12l-1.lã:

1.14:-1.261
1.2,
-1.33
1.3Ii-I'3ï

1'25
-1'311
1.2-11-1.32

1.25 -1.31
I. IS -1. 2.
1
1.08
-1'12

I.OS
-1.151
0.88 -1,061
1.09 -1'I
1

0.88i--O.89l
0.88i-t).971
0.89!-t).91!
0.881-O.89i

0.821-e.91

0.S21-0.87 os
0'821-0'
b

O.
!}
-().!lH
0'ðSl-t).1Il!
0'
.}I-e.S9

(). 90
-0. !I:

0'92}-0.93
O. 9:
: -0.
J,j

0'9:? . O.9,j

0'9.
O.!)!}

0.91 .0.9,jj
0.90 -O'9:

0'9:?!-O.g.')

0'941- 0'951
0'9

O.9H

l'O,jl-I.08

1.08!-1.13i
1'09
-1'1O

1'11
-1.14

1.15 -1'21
1.10 1.131

0'Xtì
-O.871
0'86i-t)'94

0.85
-t)'88

o. 841-t). 851
0.851-e.ts8Z

24-1

PRODUCTIO
Y

26.-\Veekl)' Range of Pric('s of Oats at \\'innipeg and Fort William, 1920 -concludpd.
(Per bushel of 34 lb.) RorRcE: Board of Grain Commissioners for Canada.

Date.

1920

No.2 C.\Y.

$ c. $ c.

Septpm bel' 4 _ . . 0 . 84i-0. 93i
,. 11. . . 0.83
-0.88t
" 18... 0.79i-0'871
" 25.. . 6 0.73
-0.79

A\'erage..... O.85i-O.86!

(Ictober 2.
9.... . . .
16. ......
23...... .
30.... _.

,.

"

A \'('rage... _ .

K oy(\m bel' 6.
" 13. . .
"
O. . .
" 27. . .

A\'era
e.... .

Dec('mher 4...
11.. .
18.. .
25.. .
31.. .

"

"

A \'erage... . .

0.71 1-O.75t
0.69'k-0.74l
O.7li-0.76t
0.72 -O.73!
0.09 -O.71i

0.70!-0.71

0.661-O.69i
0.62
-0'661
0.54
-0'64!
0.531-0.571

0.59!-O.64!
0.52j-0.58i
O. 52
-O' 5ÇJ

o. 51i-0.5
H
0.S2!-0.53!
0.251-0.551

0.521-0.
6

$ c. $ c.

Xo.3 C.'Y. X 0.1 F<:,ed Ex. No.1 Fcpd. No.2 Fped.

$ c. $ c.

0.
lt-0'90

0.80i-O.87

0.76}--O.8ßl
0.70!-0.76i

0.771-0.85

0.081-0.7t!
0.661-0.691
0.05
-0.70!
0'65i-0'67i
0.04 -0.65

0.66
-O.68

0.60t-O.62

0.561--0.60

0..
li-0.59
0.501-O.53i
O. 54!-O . .59
o . 49i-O . 54i
o. ?"O,}-O. .1.51
O.48i-0.5]

0.491-0.50i
0.491-0. .12!

0....9
0.5
i

$ c. $ c.

0'81!-0-901
0.80!-O-87!
0.76 -0.861
0.74 -0-7.51
0.781 0.8!!

0.6Ji-0.71
o. 65'k-O. 68k
0.ß5!-0.69!
0.65!-0.67!
0.63 -0.65

O' 65!-O. 681

0.60!-0.62!
0.55I-O.GO!
0.50i-O.58
0.491-0.521

0..54 -0. 58!
0.47i-0.52i
0.49i-0.5Ii
o. 481-0. .-:O

0.49A-O.fOl
0.49l-0-52i

0....8!-O.5H

$ c. $ c.

0.79j-O.881
0.79i-0'86!
0'74j-0'851
o.n -0.75i
O.76!-O.83'k
0.051-0.69
0'63'k-0'68!
0'65!-0.69t
0'63
-0'66!
0.61 -0.03

O.63!-O.671

0.581-O.60!
0.53i-0.57!
0'47i-O.55

0.461-0.491
0.511-0. 5.
!
0'45t-0'501
0'47
-0'49i
O. 4.
I-O. 4
1
0.47i-O'4
i
0'47i-0.Wi

O.46
O..f9}

0.77
-O.831
0.79i-0'861
0.71i-0'851
O.60t-0.71
0.67!-O.82
0.63i-0.67}
0.6] i-O. 641
O.601-0'651
0.60!-0.62ï
0.58 -0.60
8.61-0.61

o. 57!-0. 5.
t
0.501-0.54ï
0.441-0.52
0.431-0.461

0.48
-0.52.

0.421-0.46

0'44i-0'46
0.421-0.451
0'441-0'4;')i
0.441-0.4;1

O.43!-0.46

27.-Weekl) Range of Prices of Barley and J'lax at Winnipeg and Fort \\lmam, 1920.
SOURCE: Board of Grain Commis:sioners lor Canada.

BARLEY (per bushel of 48 lb.) FL.\X (per bushel of 50 lb.)
Date.

o. 3 C.W. No. 4 C.W. Rejected. Feed. No.1N.W.C Ko.2C_W.
o. 3 C.\\-.
1920 '5 c. S c. $ c.
(' . $ c. $ c. $ c. 5 c. $ c. $ c. '3 (' . $ C. $ c. S c.
January 3.... . 1.6H-1.67! 1.tj2
-1.62
l':
1i-1.34i }.3H-}'34
4.72 -4.80 4.68 -4.76 4.32 -4.43
" 10.... . 1.65
-I.71i 1.45!-1.49
1.3H-1.3ï! 1.3Jt-}.36j 4.74 -4.04! 4.68 -4.8H 4.39 -4.52!
" }7.. . . . 1.7H-1.72
1.471-1.50j l'3H-1.37t 1.32!-}.37! 4.91l-5'111 4.80!-4.95
4.49!-4.66!
" 24.. _.. 1.78l-1.80l 1.46
-1.49 1-:Hi-1'371 1,341-1,36 4. 91 -5.} O! 4.79 -4.92
4.47 -4.60!
" 31. }.821-1.83! 1.47!-}.491 }.35!-1.35j l'35
-1'35j 5.0n-5'}91 .4'9}!-5.01 4.59 -4.67
Average... . t.12 -t.1S} 1.Jn-t.ã2
1.33l-1.:16; 1.32
-1.36t 4.8n-'{.8á
4.77
-4'S91 ......>!--I.ãn
Feb
lary 7. . . 1.65 -1.82
1'36
-1-49
j .24 -1.24f 1.24 -1'24
4.95 -5.20 4.69 -4.98 4.35 -4.64
14, . . 1.64!-1.751 1'34i-1.45i 1'23
-1'35
1.23
-1'35{ 5.02 -5.2!l 4.76 -4.95i 4.42 -4.61

" 21. . . 1.70
-1.77! 1.441-1.48 1'33
-1'37! 1'33
-1'37! 5.18 -.j'25
4.86 -5.00
4.51 -4.65!
" 28. }.68 -1.7l! 1.42 --1.45
1.30j-1.31i l'30
-1'3H 5'16
-5.40 4'91
-5.05 4.56
-4.70
. .
Avera
('... . 1.G7 -1.1l)1 1.39l-1.Jn t.2n-l.32
1.27
-1.32
ã.07i-5.2G
".tm;-4.99
J.J6
--I.G5

March 6.. . . 1.71 -1.74 1.4.j -1.491 1.3:3 -1.36
1.33 -1.:
6
5.19 -5'3li
5.08
-5.21 4.733-4..
1
" 13 _. 1.651-1.701 1.47i-1.50
l'3H-1'37i l'3H-1'371 5.31}-5.50 5.2}!-5.42 4.86
-5.0ï
. .
" 20.. . . 1.73}-1.75i I.M
-1.56i 1.40
-1.42 1 .40 l-l . 41 1 5.53 -5.70! 5.43 -5.65! 5.08 -5.301
" 27.... . 1.63 -1.73 1.42 -1.53
1 .29 -1.40 1.29 -}.40 .1.05 -5.56 4.98 -5.48 4.38 -4.98
Average... . 1.681-1,731 1.-lil-l.ã21 1.3-1
-1.39 l.at -1.38
S.;!7 -5.5:11 ,}'1ì1-5.JJl J.76!-5.04i
April 3. . . . .. .. 1.64 -1.7I! 1.43!-1-51 1.32 -1.39! }.32 -}'39
5 '12
-5'26 5.05
-5.19 4.45
-4.59
., 10. .. . . . . . 1 . 65i-1.73
1.47 -1.501 1.33!-1.361 1.33!-1.361 5.19 -5.36 5.09 -5.23 4.74 -4.8H
" 17.. _ '" .. }.691-1'751 }'501-1.561 1,371-1.42 1.371-}.40l 5.39 -5.70! 5.29 -5'651 4.94 -5'30}
,. 24.....:. . }.701-1.75 1.501-1.55! 1'37l-1.42 1.371-1.411 5.37 -5.66 5,30 -5.56 4.70 -5.26
Average. .. 1.611-1,131 1.i1
-1.ã31 1.:15 -1.-tO 1.35 -1.39i ã.26hi.49i ;'j.lloì:-4).401 4.70}-5.0eï
----

PH/CBS Of' ('lL\ 6t DIA6\ OH6tl.,y

4,)

7. 'hi'
I) Ran If' of '-rl('('" of lCarlt") and }'I3I at "Innlpet! and }'ort "llilam. 19
0 -concluded.
-':O"CRCE:-Buard of Grain Commissioners for Canada.

Date.

BARLEY (per bushel of 4
lb.).

I L }'L.'X lJ>er bu
hel of 56 lb.).

I
O. 3 C.W. Xo. 4 C.".' Ht'jt'Cted. Ft>('d. 1I

IX.\\.C '\:0.2 C.,\.
o. 3 CW.
- 1920. I Co I c. I r. ! c.ll c. I c. I c. I c.
I c. I c. I 0. I.. I G. I..
!\ra,' I .. 1.;7t-l.bOt 1.60 -1.62d 1,.54 -1.56] 1.54 -1.561 11 5.04 -5.15 4.99 -5'10 4.34 -4.45
.
.. l.gOt-I'82! 1.621-1.67: 1.57 1 -1.63J 1.57'-1.1)31 5.07 -5'11 5.03 -5'13 4.37 -4.47
.. 15 1.791-I.R2j 1,64'-1,61 1.60Î-I.6:i 1.591-1.62t ll 5.10 -5,171 5.06 -5,131 4.40 -4'4';'

..
:.? .. 1.7bt-l'M2 I'.')
i-I.t.;) 1.541-1.60 1.54t-l'60} 4.56-5.0.') 4.52 -5-01 3.86 -4.3.')
" 29.. .. I.S01-1.8.j 1.581-1,63 1.541-1.59 1.541 1,60" 4.55 -4.75 4.51 -4.71 3.90 -4'O

\tl"r8J:f'. 1';Si-I"
1.60; t.6
l.)il-t. I..'il 1.a.u .. S--I ;}.0.')1 ...

-5.011 ...I;1-1.3.'i

Juno 5... 1'
U -1.\101 1.60 -1'hllt 1-;)(; -1.62 1.5ß -1'62 11 4.4b --l.6:? 4.42 -4.:J7j 3.85 -4.05

.. 12 1.87 -1.02
1.62 -1.671 1.57t-I'62) (.57j-l.621"4.26.4.42t 4.22 -4.3
3.69 -3'Mi
:: }

:

f=
'

. l:

=
:

!
:g
t=::
nl L

t=::

tn ::lgt
l:

t ::Z:tj:
gt
:

t=
:f
t
.\t('raJ!t'.... 1 0,1.9.1 1.51. 1.'1: l.á
, l.a.:s I.,

1.G.11...2:1 t.
9, .19 ...3-1 3.69 _3.
'"
lu

3. 1.7b -1.9
1 1.46 -I.ti:!} - - - - 1 3'!l3j-t.1O
3.89}-4.061 3.4Jt-3.55
10 1.62 -1'
01 1.:i2 -1.47t 1-36 - - 1.36 - 3.;3
-3'M, 3.'ì!l1-3'jo..
3.:W -3.35t
.. 17. 1.70 -I,;.') 1.38 -1.43 1.3:i -1.38 1.33 -1.38 3.63
-3.
5 3..')9 -3'
1 3.14 -3.351
.. 24 .. 1.7.') -I.;
I 1.4.') -1.53 1.34 -1.411 1.34 -1,411 3.511-3.8:1 3.47 -3.ï
2.!l6 -3.32
.. 31 1.34
-1.4,') 1.241-1.4,\ \191-1'35 0.991-1,35
3.36 -3.49 3.32 -3.45 2.77 -2.M-
..\u'raJ!e 1.631-1.7-1 1.37 I.. 1.2;);-1.3;
1.
.)}-t :17, 3."113.
2. 3.':9 3.;1'00 3.09'-3.'!9'
Augu:)t i 1.37t-l.43, 1'27j-l.33
l'U2
-1'10t I.02 3 -t'101 1 3.4!) -3.53
3-39 -3-47} 2-8
-2-!I
'
.. 14 1.431-1.4ti 1.331-1.31)1 1-11\-1.1
I. 111-1' IS 113.49 -3.571 3.4:i -3,.111 2.94 -3.0';'1
.. 21 1.41f-l.4.")l 1.33 -1.3öl 1.14 4 1.1
1 1.141-1.1/'11 111 3.471-3.531 3.401-3.4';1 2.961-3-03:
., 2
1.:!fI}-1'39 1'24}-1'33 1.11t-I'17
'
1
-
'
713'411-3'50 3,351-3.44 3.06 -3,14
.-\teraf.!{' ... I.an-I.U' 1.'!9:-I.3-Il I.Ct - 1.16
3.;0,-3..')3
.:m 3.47 2.M -3'0.;"

('ptl'mber 4. 1.2,H-l'L\l 1-:!Oi-I'24 I.O!ti-l. J31 l'II!-I-I.I:i
3.41 -3.4ït 3.35 -3.41 3.13 -3.17
.. 11 1.25
-1.3H 1.201-1,251 1-09i-1.1tH 1.091-1.161 3.451-3.66 3'3
1-3.59 3.mt!-3.30
.. ]h. 1.11'1 -1'29
HI!I -1'221 1 1'02 -1'14 1-00 -1,14 3.42 -3.55t 3.36 -3.4!'ÌI 3.05 -3'19!
" 25.. 1.1l1-1'16l 1,05l-I.O';'l 0.961-0.99 0.!!4j-0-97 3.30 -3.40t 3.24 -3,321 2.85 -3-031
.-\t('ral!{'....1 1.201-1.261 1'131-1.19: 1.041-1.IOt 1,031-1'10 3,391-3,521 3-33j-3.451 3'031-3.1;!

October 2...
.. 9..
., 16.
.. 23
" 30.

1.09 -1'J3
1.03 -1.08 0.94 -O'
h 0.92 -0.96 3.J7 -3.30 3.13 -3-24 2.77 -2.f..,)
1.05j-l'0b
1.001-1-03 0.8\.1j-O.931 0.R7j-0'9]
2.flO -3,10 2.
(i -3.0ll 2.50 -2.';'0
l'l1t-I'22 1.06 -1,18 0-93 -0.95 0.91 -0.95 3.02 -3'10 2-r!
-3.06 2.62 -2.70
1.131-1.20 1-08 -1'16 o. 841-"()' R6 0.841-0.E;tJ 2.i8t-2.97 2.741-2.93 2'3
1-2'57
1.17 -1'22 1.11 -1.17 O-83:-o.
it 0'b3!-0.81
2.76 -2.851 2.72 -2.8It 2.36 -2.4.")t

Aterage ... 1.11i-l.I; 1.0- 1 12 O.90
-G.92 O'l'n 0.9H 2.921-3.0' 2.l\'I -3.02 2..')'! -2.65 1

O\'ember 6.. 1.16t-l'21
" 13. 1.07 -1.]8!
" _0. 0-85 -]-12
.. 2i. 0.83j-0.921
Au
rage ... O.'S -1.U
De('ember 4.. 0.911-1.09
.. ] 1.. 0.93 -1.10t
" ]b.. 0.94:-1.02
" 25.. 0.90 -ü.MI
" 31.. 0.871-0.891
An'rage.... 0.'11-1-01

1.051-1.11t 0.841-0.911 0.84t-O.9H 2.59 -2.RO: 2-.15 -2.76: 2.19 -2.40!
1.02 -1,07! 0.81 -0.f<71 O.SI -f).S7t 2.32 -2.52 2.28 -2.48 1.95 -2.12
0.75 -1.04 0.67t-0'S21 0.67I-o.h21 2-00t-2.34! 1.96 -2.30j 1.65 -1.H9!
0';3t-0. 781 0'66
-0.701 o. 66t-0. 70
1.8.) -2.03 1.81 -1.98 1.50 -1-fii
0.
9 1.00: 0.;;) -O.
1 O.ì.j -0.83 2-...-2.-121 2.I.j -2.31", l'8
1-2'0t:
0.7
-0.84}1 0'7JJ-0.80
0.711-0.80, 1.92 -2'J2 J.86 -2.07 1.55 -1.76
0.i6 -0-83t 0.651-0.761 0.651-0.761 2.08 -2.18 2.04 -2-14 1.;3 -1.&3
0.771-0.83 0.66 -0.6';'1 0.66 -0-671 1.9b -2.08 1.92- 2.04 1.61 -1.i3
0-80 -0.86! 0.67 -0.691 0.67 -0-69
1.96 -1.98 1.92 -1.94 1.61 -1.b3
0.7ö -0.84 0.62!-ü.671 0.621-0.671 1 1.91 -1.99 1.87 -1.95 1.56 -1.6n
0.7ìl-O'
5a O.IfP-o, 72: 0.661
' ì2
111'9G' -2. 01 [.921-2'02' 1.6H-l. ì2j

246

é
t:'l

....
.
""'t'
....

....

...
.-
-
-
...
==
-
Q

::
::
!,)J:

c.
.ë
::
...
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I.Ofi -I.UI-:
1.92}-10.')} 92 -1 931
1. 9!11-:? OOj
2.511-2.fi2 2 3Ht
2 301 2.20j

] 21 -I. 22
I 0.") -I . Oli
1.911-1.941
I.

-I. 901
2 .4
1
2.301

1.14 -1.15
I.U4 -] .05
2.061-2.091
I . 7P
I.SI
2.501
2.30

1.10 -1.12
1.07 -1.07
1. 76
-1. 79J
1..16
-1.58.
2.471
2.31

1. 19 -1. 20

I
9
-1. 01
I g51-1. k7!
.) 'H.
.... -2
2.2.1

o . :;a 0 . 5.5
0.52 0..')4
O.
fji-O.

l
0.90}-O.93
1. 3.1: -I . :J8 }
I (i51-1. 6S
I . G2i-1 . fj.5}
I . {H i-I fi4

o ..
2 0 ..
4
o ..12 - O. M
o kS - 0 . 90

o .I-:.!:I-O .H9}
I . (ifg- 1 . G9i
I . (j.=Jl- I . fi8 .
I . 62i- 1 . ß.5!
1.:J9 -1.441

1.11 -1.12 0..")2 -0.5.

- O..
() -0..12
2.01 -2.0.11 0.k9 -O.9H
0.93
-O.96!
2.44l I i.1!-1.781
1.6.j
-1.68
l.fJ21-1.6.5!
1.4

-1.531
0..12 -0.57
0.49 -0.52
0.
8 -O.DO!
O. !IO -0. 91!
1. 75t-1.78f
1.65
-1.6R
1.621-1.65

1. ß
i-1. 65

I . o.
-I .07
1.05 -1.06
1.781-1.81

2.381
') ').
-.-;)

.

250

PRODUCTIOIV

....

29.-Monthly Range of _\\erage Prices in British Markets of Canadian "'.heat and
Oats, 1913-1920 -concluded.

July

A u
u:-;t

S('p
pm bpI"

( ktohcr

November
"

Decem ber
"

"

"

"

Date.

1913.
HH4.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.
1920.
1913.
1914.
191.1.
1916.
1917.
1918. ..
1919.
19Z0.

1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919. .
19':0. .
191
.
1914. .
191.1. .
1916.. . .
1917. .
]918. .
1919.
1920.

1913. .
1914. .
1915... .
1916... .
1917. . . .
1918. .
1919. "
1920... .

1913. "
1914. .
191.5. .
1916.
1917. .
1918. .
1919.
1920. ..

'VHEAT (per hushpJ of 60 lb.)

No.1.

No.2.

No.3.

Xo.4.

OATS
(per bushel
of 34 lb.)

$ ('. $ c. $ c. 5 c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c. $ c.

.. 1.16 -1.18
..1.10-1.11
.. 1.71 -1.74
., 1.62 -1.65
2.62 -
., 2. 42! -
2.51 -
2.79i -

1.12 -1.14
1.35 -1.38
1.7üi-1.7
i
2.05!-2.09t
2.62 -
. .. 2 .421 -
. .. 2 .45 -
2.83! -

1.13 -1.14
1.42 -1.44
1.75!-1.78!
2 . 15l-2 .19
2.35
-
2 .42
-
2.29.\ -
2.8.5
-

1. 07 1. 09
1.37 -1.39
.. 1. 75!-1.7E

2.27! 2.30!
2 . 35
-
2 .42i -
2.29! -
3 . 1O!-3 . 62

1.04 -1. 06
1.45 -1.48
1. 78!-1.&0
2 .481"ð"
. 51Ý"ð"
2 .3bl -
2.431 -
2.29! -
3.60!-3.62
] .06 -1.08
1.50 -1.51
1. 80!-1.8U
" 2. 59i-2 . 70

.. 2 .34 i -
.. 2.48 -
.. 2 . 29i -
.. 3.341-3. :Wl

1.13 -1.14
1.07 -1.08
1.68 -1. 71
1. 62 -1. 64l
2.56 -
2 .40
-
2 .48 M _
2.76! -

1.10 -1.11
1.32 -1.34
] .73 -1.76!
2.02!-2.05!
') .....1
- .')'2
2.3ii
2 .43!
2.80ì

].10 -1.11
1.38 -1.39
1. 7(lift. 79
2 .l::::i-2 .15i
2.30i -
2.37! -
2.:2ü! -
2.82i -

1.04 -1.06
1.=15 -1.37

2.24t"ð"2.27!
2.3:"i -
2.37t -
2.26* -
3.0[1-3.531

1.01 -1.04
1.42 -1.45
1. 75j-1. 771
2 .45{2 .48ý1a-
2.31l -
2.40
-
2.2G! -
3.51i-3.531

1.02 -1.04
1.47 -1.49
1. 77i-1. 7El
2.57!-2.59i
2.:101 -
2.4R -
2.26! -
3.26 -3.38l

1. 09 -1.10
1.05 -1.0ß
1. 65 -1. 68
1.68-1.70 y \
2.471 -
2 .31
-

1.05 -1. 07
1.30 -1.32
1 . 70i-1. 73i
1. 97 ih2. 001
2.4i! -
2.31ï -
2.41-?"ð" -
2.76i -

1. 02 -1. 04
1.04 -1.05
1. 7lt-1. 74

2.38} -

0.99 -1.00
1.27 -1.30
1.641-1.67!

2.3Rl -
2a23! -

2.72 -

1.06 -1.07 1.02 -1.03
1.37 -1.38 - -
1.72 -1.75
1.63!-1.66

2.3 f l"ð"
2.31t
2.23i
2.76

1. 02 -1. 04
1.32 -1.34

2.22i-2.28

2.261 -
2.31i -

2.28t
2.23í
2.25
2.73!

0.97 -1.00
1.30 -1.32

2.17!
2.25

0.52 -0.56
0.50 -0.51
0.891-0.91i
0.87 -O.89l
1.68 -1.70
1. 65!-1. 68
1. 6
l-1. 65l
1. 6:: i-I. 65!

0.52 -0.54
0.79 -0.82

0.891-0.92
1. 6-ti-1. 6Î

1. 65!-1. 68
1. 63 -
l.ü:2l-1.65

0.50 -0.53
o . 83 --0.86

0.90!-0.93
1.6
1-1.65!
1. 6.5!-1. 68
1 :J7i-1.621
1. 6:::i-1.65

0.48 -0..5l
0.79 -0.83
0.77 -0.8I!
0.97 -0.99

1 .621-1 .65!
1. 65!-1. 68

2 . 97!-3 .441 2. 94
-3 .38! 1.6H-1. 631

0.9R -1.01
1.40 -1.42
1. 72t-l. 74i
2.42
-2.45

2.261 -
2.31i -

0.95 -0.98
1.34 -1.35
1.68 -1.68!

2.15! -
2.23! -

3.40 -3.44! 3.37 -3.38!

0.99 -1.02
1.44 -1.46
1. 74
-1. 78
2.57!-2.59

2. 2f l tf -

0.96 -0.99
1.42 -1.43
1.71i-l.72t
2.531-2.56
2.20j -

3.141-3.17! 3.111-3 .13!

0.48 -0.51
0.78 -0.81
0.821-0.84

1.1Bl-l.17!
1. 66!-1. 69!
1. (5
-1.68
1. E 51-1. 601
1..55j-l.58!

O.4D -0. .52
0.75 -0.78
0.77!-O.801
1.34!-1.37
1. 66 -1. 68i
1. 6.j!-I. 68
1.42!-1 .51 i
1. 21!-1. 29l

PRICES Of' C..LY..tDI.lL\ GR.tI
V

:!jl

uÞ.
\ t'ar., \ u-r..,rt' "rh't.s of IIml1(, Gro\\ n ",.....t Tearle) and Oat
In En
land and
"ah's, 1901-19.?O.
:-'OURCE: "london Gaz('Ut'," puhli
lH'd pursuant to s. 8 of the Corn Hpturns .\(.t, l.
":!.

" IWI\.t. Rarl('y. Oats.
Yt'ar. 1 flar.
J>f'r I J>f'r J>f'r J>f'r per J>f'r
4r. bu:-:h. qr. IJU::-h Clr. "
h.

I sel
I s. d. S c. s. d. ! ('. ::i. d.
I UO I . 2t) 9 0.81 .). 2 0.77 I
5 o . 5f 11911 .
_J
I
U
. .2b 1 o 85 :?1 8 0.7b 20 2 0.61 1912.
Him. . 21) 9 O.SI .).) 8 0.6t1 17 2 0.;)2 HH:J..
I!;C4. . 28 4 0.8" 22 4 O.()') Hi 4 0..-<'/1 1914..
1 !JO.) . 29
0.90 24 4 0.74 17 4 1 0..1:' 191.,..
1 !JOt), . :!
3 0.8) 24 2 0.73 I') 4, O. .")(JII19 ilL .
1
07 "0 ; 0.9:3 25 1 O. 76 1
10 0.5; HH7
19(
... . ....) 0 0.9; 2.1 10 0.79 1; 10 1 0.541 1918..
lum. . ;)6 11 O.S
26 10 0.82118 11 0.51'11919..
lUlU. ;H 5 0.96 23 1 O,70j1i 4 , 0.53 19:!0

s

\, hf'at. Barky.
I' J}t'T Pf'r 1)(' I'
r. Lllioh. qr. hu:-;h.
- - -
. d. S c. :). d. S c.
d 0.96 27 3 0.S3
9 I. Of) :m 8 0.93
S 0.96 27 3 o.
a
11 1.06 27 2 0.S3
10 I . () I :37 -I l. J

.1 l.'iS .")3 f I . ;")(j
9 2.30 ß4 9 I .S
)
10 2,22 .")9 0 1 . 7:

11 2.22 i., 9 2.2]
10 2.46 S9 5 2.60

Ih 10 O. .1 ï
21 6 0 ,f).)
19 1 0..).'"
20 11 0 . #)4

O 2 0.92
:J:i ;) O. S!J
49 10 1. :32
4!t 4 I. :H
1)2 [) 1. :J 9
.')() 10 I ,:') 1

Oat
.

J>f'
q

pl'r I>t' r
qr. hu
h.

s. d. S.'

. 31
. :34
. 31
.34
.52
.jS
7.1
. í2
72
(0

31.- \H'r.t:!;c :Uonthl, 'trlcc
of ."our. Uran und
horts. at I>>rlndl)al "arkt,ts. 19'!O.

orR("E: For
Iontrf'al. Tradp Hullptin: for Toronto. D. al. rs' f) uota.tion
: f(lr \\ïnnipl'g.
and to .
. ('itin., "Th( Xortll\H
tHn ::\Iilh r," ::\Iinn.'apolis.

) onth. Flour . our I ...tnn. ar ::;tnm nrd
I
(anitoba Ontario lïour Flour
, :'t:Lßdard del'd at Bran. :,horts. tJute (Cotton Bran. :'hort:s
grode.
[ontfl'.ll. bags) . bugi) .
I Per brl.l
19:!O. Per brl. Per ton I Per ton. Pcr brl. Pcr brl. Per ton. Per ton
I
I cts. . cts. . cts I cts I cts. I cts. I cts. $ Ct8

muary . .. . 13 34 9 75 4-t 70 52 25 13 25 13 40 45 25 .j2 2.')
F euruary . .. . 13 40 10 90 45 25 52 25 13 25 13 45 45 25 52 25

laI"('h. ..... .. . 13 40 10 76 45 25 52 25 13 25 13 4.') 45 2.') 52 2.)
\pril... . 13 47 10 iß 4
87 55 'ö7 13 40 13 60 51 25 5'ö 2.')
)lay. .... . , 14 55 11 3S 53 50 60 50 14 :-,,') 15 05 .:;4 25 61 2.)
une... . . 14 95 13 25 54 25 61 25 14 85 15 05 54 2.j fH 2.j
uly 14 92 Sominal ,j4 25 61 2.') 14 85 15 05 54 25 61 25
.\Ui!;U:5t . . . . . . . 14 95 Sominal 54 25 61 25 14 85 14 55 5
25 61 2.')
September. .. . 14 21 Xominal 54 50 59 H 14 25 14 55 54 25 59 75
}ctober. . . 12 90 Xominal 44 F>5 49 85 1300 13 30 40 25 45 2.')
X ovem ber. 12 02 Xominal 39 38 44 56 12 20 12 40 40 25 45 25
Decem ber . . . . . . . 1110 X om inal 40 25 42 27 1110 11 30 40 25 42 25

J

J
J

)(ontreal.

FI

Toronto.

I d

)Ionth.

I Winnipeg. I )linneapolis. Duluth

Flour. Bran. I :'horts. Flour. I Bran. I::ihorts. Flour.
Per brl. Pcr ton. Per ton. 1 Per brl. Per ton. Per ton. Per brl.
I ct!< I cts. S cts. S cts. I cts. I ct!<.
cts. S cls. S cls. S cts. S Ct8.
12 65 39 00 46 00 1 14 53 -15 36 U 5Sl-42 70 44 37 -45 10 14 18 -14 43
12 65 39 00 46 00 13 41 -14 20 :12 50 -43 37147 83 -48 50 13 35 -13 66
12 65 39 00 46 00 13 371-14 25 t7 00 -4
25 51 50 -52 87t 13 55 -13 63

12 761 43 50 50 50 14 55 -15 01 ;-19 66 -50 50 54 00 -54 871 14 25 -14 50
13 64 4li 1'0 53 1'>0 15 2S -15 69 53 00 -53 40 57 25 -57 60 14 95 -15 30
U 30 H 00 55 00 14 02 -14 60 1 50 75 -52 62t .56 00 -56 75 14 15 -14 50
14 30 48 00 55 00 13 68 -14 00147 00 -48 12153 25 -54 50 14 171-14 3n
14 30 48 00 54 00 12 32 -12 88 41 50 -42 80 50 00 -51 80 12 35 -13 01

13 20 48 00 53 00 12 70 -13 35 37 331-38 25 45 00 -47 25 12 311-12 561
12 34 45 00 50 00 10 90 -11 41 29 'ö
-31 3S 31 75 -33 75 11 00 -11 25
11 77 41 00 46 00 9 45 - 9 78 30 30 -31 20 29 80 -30 10 9 25 - 9 50
10 65 35 SO 38 40 8 97 - 9 37 26 10 -26 80 124 40 -25 40 8 50 - 8 75
XOTE.-The ton = 2,000 lb. and the barrel = 196 lb.

1920.

January.. .. . . .
February.
)[arch.
ApriL.
)lay..
June.... .
July.....
August.... .
::;cptember.... .
October. ...
K ovem ber .
Decem ber . . .

252

PRODeCTIO
Y

32.-Average Prices of Canadian the Stock at Principal ::\Iarkets, 1918-1919-1920.
SO"L':RCE: Markf't
Intelligence Division, Li,.e I"'to('k Branch, Dominion D('partment of
A.gri('ul ture.

Classification.

teens-heavv finished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stp('rs-l,000'::'1,200 lb., good.... . ...
Steen;-1.000-1,200 lb., common.......
:-'teers-700-1,000 lb., good...,. " . .

t-ef'rs-700-1.000 lb., common.
Heifers, good........................
Hpifprs, fair... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H<'ifers, common. . . . . . . . .
('ow
. good........ . . . . .
Cows, eODlmon... ..
Bulls, good... . . .,
Bulb. common.......
( 'annel'S and cuttprs. . .
Oxpn.
Calve:-;, veal.. . .
Calv(.s, grass.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

to\.' kprs-450-800 lb., good.
Stoekers-4.50-800 lb., fair. .. . . .. ..
Fepdprs-800-1,100 lb., good
Fepder::--SOO-l,100 lb., fair......
Hog
(fed and watpred), sclpcts...
Hogs (fed and watered), heavips....
Hogs (fpd and watered), lights...... . .
H01-!:-' (fed and watered), sows..... ..
Hog:-; (fed and waterpd), stags . .
Lambs. good.. . . . . . . . .
I
mnh
. eommon.. .,. ..
Shec'p. hp1-wy...... .. ..

h('('p, light . . . . . . . . . .
."3 hppp. C'ommon...... _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cla::,:-;ification.

1918. 1919.

Toronto.

I $ C"t
.
15 36
]3 29
11 5.5
12 12
9 75
12 40
10 31
9 07
9 51
8 33
10 19
7 91
5 77
9 6.5
14 17
7 80
9 72
8 SO
10 81
10 18
]9 2]
19 00
17 69
17 09
14 7.5
16 10
14 40
]2 49
13 28
S 07

t('ers-}waYy finished... . .

teprs-l,OOO-I,200 lh., good.......

teers-l.OOO-1.200 common. . . .

tf'er:-;-700-1,000 lb., good.......
:'te('rs-700-1,000 lh., common......
Hpifer
. good. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H('ifer
. fair. . " . . . .
Heifer
, common..... . . . . . . . .
Cows, goocl. . . .
('ow
, cOlnnlon........ .
Rulls. good. .....
Bulls. common... . .
C'annpr
and ('uttprs. .
Oxpn. . . . . . . . . .
CaIYe
, veal..........
Calves. gra:-;:-;. . . . . . . . . . .
Sto('kf'rs-450-
OO lb., good.......

toC'kf'rs-4.}0-800 lb., fair.. . .
Fppders-800-1,OOO lh., good......
Fpf'dprs-800-1,100 lb., fair. . .
Hogs ({Pel and watprpd), 8('le('ts..... _.
Hog:;; (fed and watered), heavies.... .. . .
Hog
(f('d and watered), lights. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ ("t
.
13 98
13 66
11 18
12 39
8 04
12 19
9 58
7 32
10 14
I 74
10 13
7 53
.5 49
8 50
15 36
6 52
9 35
7 97
12 32
10 41
19 .59
19 16
18 43
17 .53
14 9.5
1-! 63
12 27
9 09
9 13
5 92

1918.

5 PÌS.
12 9.)
12 47
10 27
11 24
9 32
10 47
9 14
7 82
S 96
7 23
8 48
7 04
:) 21
7 85
10 02

20
7 20
9 92
7 92
18 59
15 64
16 30

1920.

$ etE' .
13 77
12 89
10 22
12 27
8 6.1
12 56
8 82
7 67
10 65
7 89
10 46
6 98
4 63

16 79
8 58
9 02
8 23
11 22
10 78
18 98
18 87
16 fi8
1.5 41
13 27
1:3 86
10 04
8 .52
8 U5
!j 3ß

Winnipeg.

1919.

$ ets.
11 35
11 1.5
9 70
9 80
7 25
9 .55
8 18
6 35
9 83
7 03
7 01
6 23
4 87
7 42
9 57
8 39
6 60
10 0.5
8 24
18 37
15 8]
15 55

1918.

$ cts.
13 20
12 80
1111
11 61
9 40
1110
9 07
7 69
9 97
8 23
10 35
7 08
5 35
9 75
11 76
6 40

20 40
18 98
18 63
16 80
15 88
1.5 6.5
14 63

12 3

10
O

1920.

$ cts.
10 12
10 46
6 91
9 80
6 24
8 36
6 42
.1 07
8 79
5 91
6 31
4 91
3 65
6 30
8 46

6 48
5 39
8 33
6 49
18 33
16 56
16 01

Montreal.

1919.

$ cts.
14 00
12 6ï
10 86
11 57
8 58
10 45
8 75
7 17
9 74
7 44
10 27
6 44
5 21
9 14
11 98
7 42

'19 96
20 24
17 28
17 51
15 62
13 98
12 no

8 86
7 91

Edmonton.

1919.

$ ets.
10 90
9 95
8 10
9 45
7 75
9 55
8 75
6 70
8 25
7 25
6 95
5 95
4 91
7 15
8 29

7 9.5
7 45
8 15
7 90
18 25
16 2.1
1.1 85

1920.

$ C't
.

13 08
11 42
12 34
8 08
11 62
8 81
710
9 77
6 91
11 13
5 06
4 48
10 30
12 13
ß 99

19 82
18 97
18 O.=)
16 24
18 83
12 79
10 .58

10 44
7 17

1920.

$ et
.
12 28
9 6.5
5 S3
8 30
5 83
7 68
6 18
.5 62
7 97
,} 71
6 14
4 22
3 54
8 88
8 66
7 12
5 54
9 94
18 11
17 2()
16 40

('..4 .Y.1 /)/..1 Y fA I' F STO(' [{

2;)

32.- \u:ra...e Itrl es of ('anadiall (.he !Stock at .Þrint'ipal )Iarkets. 19J5-1919-1920 -
concluded,
:--Ol'Hf'E:
Iark('t-.: Intt'IIiK( nc'(' Di,'i:..:ion. Lin' :-'tc)('k Hranc'h. Dominion D('pa.rtrnc
t
o( \
ri('ulturt'.

Winnipl.g. Edmonton.
('la.-.::-\ifi('uf ion. -----
HH
. HH9. 19:?0. 191H. 19:!(L
-- -- --
I $ c . f:o, ('t:o- S ('t:-l. S c.t:oJ . S ('b
Bog:, ((('(Iancl \\atl'rt,cI), :-:0\\":-. I.
10 I:> 2fi I:J 94 I!) 10 16 II
Hog:ol ((('d anci \\atc'n'd), :--tag:o- I:? 38 11 21 11 77 12 20 v> 07
La III h:..:, good. . . I.") -t
12 6
11 II 12 t)- 9 UK
_:J
1.:1.1111.:--. COllllllOn.. I:? ;;0 7 '\2 6 6:> 11 0.") 7 61
:"'\I)('pp, Ilf'a\"y.
:--:I)('('p, light..... I:!
,!'\ 9 2h 7 2
9 :'0 79:i
:--:h('('p, (,oll1mon. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . 10 fO 6 79 4 81
;0 f) 7

33. -.\\rrage Uonthl) (trlcb or ('anadialll.he Stod.. at (trlndpal Jlarl..('ts. 19'!O.

Of-RCE:
larkí'ts Intcllifl;cncc Di\"i:o-ion. Li\"(

tock Branc.h, Dominion Dcpartllh'nt or
.\
ri('ulture.

Cla.i.'iification Jan. Feb.
Iur. I .\pril I
Ia
. 1 June. I July. .\u
. &>pt. Oct. Xov. Dec'

Iontreul- $ c $ c. I c. 1 1 C $ (' I $ (' $ c S c Ie $ c. S c. $ c.
::5tecrs. 1,000-1,200 lb.,
Jl;ood. . .. 1l.!I
12.ft?113..;.1 14.1'- 15.2;) li.912.) J.I.50 1I.f'
11.72 10.22 9.f)Q 10.""
Hei(ers, good III 13 II 25 12 ();I 13 52 13..10 ....062.> 12 70 ]0 25 10 41 9 1.1 9 16 9 ..

I;
e(f;J

nJ '
uwr_ 1 115'30 1 17,75 16.
-& 11-1.4" I
.IO 11
..)t).?!'iilO'20 1I.tl1'\ 13.7ß 13.51 13.55 12...5
ed),F\ell'Cts ..... 19.12 19.
j
20.2
j !O.t I 3 21.00 10.4375 / 21'04 20.77 - 19.54 17.59 16.72
Hogs ((ecl und \\ ater.
ed), Ii
hts.. 111-I.ß2 19'0:-7 19.93 !D. 57 10'
1J - Ib.
ù - 14.00 1-1.55
J :mlbs, good. 16.51 16.75 17.33 116.2
1 - 1:-..11)61, 1-1.90 12.71 12.60 12.15 12.64 12.29

hcep, light 1 9,49 1 11,30 12'73 1 1
'51 12.25 10.925 b.62 ;.16 6.00 6.50 6.1-1 5.52
Toronto -
:;teers, 1,000-1,200 Ih.,
g
d...._.. 12'
?
:12.;2: 13.13 13.5
14.47 14'
.1 14.65 12.91 12.41 10';1\ 10.05 9.74
lIel(e
, good. 12.1.12 11. \11\, 12 .:
'1 12.9:) 13.
3 I.HiO 1-& .05 1
.b:3 17.03 10.50 10.17 10.2.1
Calves. "eat.. .., . 17.5Ið I 18.t)ð7IY.IS 16.4.1 115.43 15..)ö IJf).b5 17.50 17.98 17.n 16.58 4.01
Hogs ((cd and" nter- I j I I
ed), N.'ll'Ct8. . . 1".22:) 19.03.1 19. 62 !O .1.1 20.23 19..')9 20.60 20.39 20.60 19.71 Hi .19 J 5. .1i0
Ho
::o (fed and \\ater- I 1
eel), lights.. 16.19 16.!1.1 17."5 II
.O:
1".1.... 17.7.i:1.
1
.6(1 IS.I
1
.....5 17.99 1-1.97 13.:{ß
lambs,
ood... i.......fì-l19.657 19.
6 11".6.'i 111.77 IQ.1h7517.2.'í 14.87 13.70 IJ2.70 12.53 12.77

heep, Ii ht.......... lO
iti4 1I.4!15 13.23 1-1.1)0 14.011 12.IX 10.45 8...6 7.79 7.06 6.24 6.10
Winnipl'g- I I
:'teers. 1,000-1,200 lb.,
good. ..... 11.3
11.34';- 11.,53 12....1 1-1.10 14...9.1,11.7..610.57 10.49 S."...., 8.62 7'.19
H{'i(cr8. good 10.297 10.27 11.07 11.36 13.40 13.2'\25 IO.S8 9.77 9.51 7.56 6.96 7.4fi
Calws, veal. .. S.3:?4 1O.61
11.01 12.59 13.21 11.547510.572 9.07 8.....7 7.22 5.60 6.72
Ho
.::i ((ed unJ \\ ater- I
ed),sell'Ct
... .. 17.06618.79720.70 20.03 21.61 19.39518.50 19.73 21.08 18.69 15.21 13.65
Hogs ((eel and \\ater-
ed), light!'.. 15.06
15.715 19.00
I limbs, good. 14.17 14.375 15.0:3

heep, light 10.135 12.25 12.01
C'nlgary-
::;tecrs, 1,000-1,200 lb.,
good ... ... . 10.
... 11.00 11.53 12.02 13.72 13.00 '10.30 9.64 9.55 7.30 7.54 7.24
Heifers, good 9.2h, 9.75 10.34 11.00 13.50 13.2.1
.2.i 7.S6 7.7
6.19 6.12 5.!12
Calves. veaL........ 8.31 g.875 9.50 8.43 11.95 13.50 11.716 9.62 10.19 8.92 7.11 6.27
Hogs ((ed and water-
ed), l'ielects ........ 16.79 20.18720.22 20.49 21.52 19.52.117.90 19.34 22.30 20.89 15.81 13.71
HOR;s ((ed and \\ ater-
ed),liJ!:hts.. 16.05 Ih.975 19.25
Lambs. good. . 113.12516.166
::;heep, light...... 10.20 11.333 13.72
Edmonton-

teers, 1,000-1,200 lb.,
good....... . 10.33 1I.1b711.7:! 11.97 14.us 12.hI2510.50 8.80 8.46 7.42 7.25 7.l.2
Heifers. gooù . . 8.25 9.50 lO.i8 1O.6R 12.10 12.25 9.417 7.30 7.40 b.16 5.75 5.6

C'ah.es.vea!.......... 7.90 9.25 11.38 11.M 14...7 14.00 10.60 9.23 8.99 8.42 7.03 6.95
Ho
s ((ed and water.
ed),selects.. ......16.81 18.91219.
9 19.{j4 21.20 19.:312517.8519.2121.8920.80 15.19 13.26
Hog"! ((ed and water-
ed).lights... .....14.71
Lambs, good......... 11.25

heep, light........ . .. 8.50

17.j
19.56 17.112516.6;4 17.94 20.35 16.57 13.02 12.46
15.00 15.6.1 15.!1!I.117.
7412.53 lI.lil 9.53 B'hl 11..')1
12.00 12.20 126-0';"5 9.658 7.77 7.56 6.22 5.35 6.74

19.41 20.39 19.7125Ij.30 17.78 18'hl 17.;0 13.05 10.51
9.00 - 13.375 11.02 10.46 10.60 10.24 10.41
17.30 l4.fiO 13.50 9.0h3 9.72 7.39 7.25 7.21 7.42

15.912 16.62 16.

IS.15 17.0625 / 15.81317.25 17.89 17.16 11.65 1O.2S
13.50 15.81 17.00 - 13.00 9.07 10.28 9.05 9.35 9.50
9.50 10.00 13.00 10.00 7.63 8.20 7.77 6.86 7.00

,

254

PRODUCTIOIV

34.-An'rage Prices per bushel paid by farmers for Grade No.1 Clover and Grass
seed, by prodnces, during l\larch, April and l\lay, 1920, and the average pric('s for
('an ada, as compared with the same period of the previous year.

I
Province. Red Alsike. Alfalfa. ;:;wpet
Cloyer. Clover.
$ c. $ c. S c. $ c.
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . . . . . 47 45 38 46 67 50 34 75
Xoya Scotia..... .. .. ... 44 62 40 9:? 34 07 28 65
X ew Brunswick, . . . . . . . . . 44 90 42 35 38 67 25 70
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 62 42 66 35 91 32 40
Ontario... . . . . . . . . . . . 45 16 40 64 39 24 30 32
::\fanitoba. . . . . . 38 96 36 59 40 03 25 90
Saskatchpwan....... . . . 40 18 40 40 40 50 26 31
llberta. . - - .. -.. -. .... .. . . 41 59 40 03 44 04 26 78
British Columbia.. . . .. .. 45 51 44 18 38 27 29 81
Canada, 1923.. . . .... .. 44 68 41 451 39 00 27 01
Canada, 1919. . . . .... .. 32 16/ 26 36 1 26 06 19 02
I

\Vpst- Tim- Brome
ern Rye. othy. Grass.
$ c. $ c. $ c.
9 75
10 7.1
7 60 11 06 5 40
5 54 10 32 7 70
8 45 10 16
5 27 11 17 7 87
4 57 13 80 4 74
6 34 12 30 6 11
5 33 12 90 7 19
5 53 11 36 6 00
5 80 8 74 5 27

35. - ,.\.verage prices per bushel paid to farmers for ('Iov('r and Grass Se('d;o b}" prminces,
during IUarch, April and l\Ia}', 1920, and a\'erage prices for Canada compared
with the same period of the previous }Tear.

Province.

Red AI' k \If If
weet W ('st- Tim- Brome
Clovpr. SI "f'. - a a. Clover. prnRyp. othy. Grass.

Prince Ed ward Island. . . . . . . .

oya Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . .

ew Brunswick.....
Quebec. _
Ontario. . . . . . _ . . .
:\lanitoba... _ . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. .
Saskatchewan....... . . . . . . . .
Alberta..... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .
Briti
h Columbia.. . . . . . . . . . .
('anada, 1928. . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Canada, 1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ c.
43 09
41 99
38 33
39 80
35 07
40 50

$ e.
33 49
36 73
33 03
34 96
30 58
30 00

$ c.

$ c.

$c. $('.

$ c.
7 91
9 34
9 98
8 79
8 49
9 38
12 80
11 61
9 80
7 73

4 01
3 9U

24 00

25 00
810
20 83
15 00 3 44
19 20 3 57
16 00 ·
17 35 1 3 50
14 11 3 78

.. 03
4 2S

39 00
31 90
37 67

42 00
40 11
23 41

36 00
33 5t
21 56

33 14
22 59

Index Numbers of Agricultural Prices.-Records of the average
prices received by farmers for agricultural produce have been col-
lected annually since 1909 through the crop correspondents of the
Census and Statistics Office and Dominion Bureau of Statistics.
From these records annual index numbers have been calculated for
each crop and for the field crops as a 'whole. The average prices for
the five year pre-war period 1909-1913, have in each case been taken
as 100, and the figures for each year are expressed as a percentage of
these. In calculating the index numbers for the combined field
crops, the various crops have been ,veighted according to the P!O-
portion which the value of each crop in each year bears to the total
value for that year. Table 36 and its accompanying illustrative
diagram show the great incre
Ee 'which took plHce in agricultural
prices during the war period and the fall which took place in 1920.

rR1C

OF FIFLD CROIS

.)- -
-.).)

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.Ave.,.a
PrZl"PS t:!f: 15)09- 13
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1909 1910 191/ 191Z 19/J 014 I
/S 1916 19/7 1918 I
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256 PRODUCTIO"-V

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1lISCELL.L\EUrS .tGRI CLTflR.1L STATISTIC8
.)7

'nS("EI.I..\
":01.:-' \Glnf'('I
T(TU.\L
T \TISTlf'
.
Production of Flax Fibre, 1919.-Ae('ording to infornultion
furni:-\hed by the Economic Fibre Production Division of the I)olllinion
Experilnental FarIns, 19,2ti2 acr('s of flax for fibre wpre grown in
Untario, hOD acre:s in Quebec and 200 acre.... in \Iallitoba, nUlking a
total area of 20,262 acres for Canada in 1919, as compared with
20,000 al'res in 1918, and 8,000 :u.res in 1917, gro,vn in Ontario. r-rhf'
average yicld per acre in 1019 of pure lincn fibrc '''as 21ð lb., ,,,hich ,vas
valued at fronl gO cent::; to
l per lb. aceordin
to
rade. .\.lthough
t ht' yipld p('r acre ".a
lIlurh lo,ver than that of 1918, viz., 310 lb. per
acre, the quality '''a
lllore uniforrn. 'I'here ,vere in addition l,lG2
tons of coarse to,,,, 'whieh ,yas
raded at prices ranging fronl 18 rent::;
to 32 ('ent::; p(\r lb. There ,ycrc 90,000 bu
he]"" of inspeeted :-\eed
hipped
to Ireland, the price reali cd heing . 10.75 per hu:-\he1. f.o.h. the Inill"
in Canada.
1'able 37 is à
tatenlent of the :lr('fi, yield .lnd value of flax gro""n
for fibre and of allied product:-\ for ('aeh of th(' ye:lrs 1913 to 1.U19.

37.- Produdlon and ,-
.III(, of FI
I\ 'lhrt" anti \HiNI Prodll(.t
. 191.ï-19.

I )p:,c'ription.

un.;. 1916. HH7. HHR. Hn9.
4.000 5,200 8,000 20,000 20,2H2
200 57 :
;)O
10 21S
E'OO aoo 1,400 3, 100
,20R

O lï5 - DOO 1,162
- bOO - - -
12 4" 9 k 1 -
-tl'\.000 25.000 72.(JOO 110. (,00 1 90,000 2
400 HOO 1,100 3:;0 1,-..00
320.000 1<;0.0(10 1.540.000 l. OS5, 000
, 97.
. -too
2,800 5,O{)() - 270,000 .

I.OOO
- 15 - - -
- 12.000 - - -
1.uO 3 5..
u 8.5u 1 10.75 2
76,800 ï5.000 396.000 930,763 1 9ß7.500 2
39i1, 600 27
.000 1.f)
6,OOO 2,2
5,7üG 5, :;
:
, fJO()

\rt'a. ... . . . . . Ilen':o.
\ ipld of fi hrp JX'r uen'. . . . . I h.
Yield of fibre. ton:o.
Yit'ld of to\\ .. . "
Yield of flu't
tra\\ u
Yipld of :-;f'pd per aert' . hu:-;h
\"Îpld of
('p(I....... . . "
Yalul' of fihrt' pt'r ton...... S
Yalue of fibre.
\ alul' of tow. S
Yalul' of flax
tra\\ pt'r ton S
Yalue of fla't :-.tra.\\. .. S
Yalue of
ppd pt'r hu
h..... S
Yaluc of :--t't'd. . . S
Total value of all produets.1

I
eed of fibre quality shipped to Ireland. tIn
pected heed shipped to Ireland.

It ,,-ill be seen from the table that for 1919 the total value of all
flax fibre products amounted to 85,523,000, as compared ,vith $2,285,-
709 in 1918 Hnd ,vith
399,600 in 1915, the fir:,t year of record. For
IH20 the area so'wn to flax for fibre ,va:-; 31,300 acre'3, or 11,038 acres
1l10re than in 1919. 1
Tobacco.-According to stati:,tics publi;.,hed jointly by the
Dominion and Quebec Bureaus of Statistics, the area planted to
tobacco in the province of Quebec for 1920 'vas 33,000 acres, and the
average yield per acre ,vas 800 lb., representing a total yield of
2G,400,000 lb., the largest on record. The Tobacco Division of the
Dominion Experimental Farms e
timated the total production of
18ee Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics, July, 1920 (Vol. 13,
o. 143), p. 165.
18427-17

.

258

PRODLTCTIO.V

tobacco in Ontario for 1920 at 21,688,500 lb. fron1 20,114 acres
an average yield per acre of 1,078 lb. This too is the largest crop
of tobacco ever grown in Ontario. The production in Ontario of
flue-cured or bright tobacco was 2,259,100 lb. from 3,009 acres and
of \Yhite Burley and All-air cured 19,429,400 lb. from 17,105 acres.
Placing together the results for the t,yO provinces of Quebec
and Ontario, and comparing them ,vith the final estimates for the two
previous years, the totals are as sho,vn in Table 38.

38.-Area and Yield of Tobacco In Canada, 1918-
O.

Province. 1918. 1919. 1920.
acres. acres. acres.
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . 6,500 9,226 20, 114
Quebec. 6,903 22,360 33,000
- -
Totals and averages 13,403 31,586 53, 114

1918. 1919. 1920.
lb. lb. lb.
6,500,000 17,000,000 21,688,500
7,732,000 16,7i0,000 26,400,000
14,232,000 33,770,000 48,088,500

1918. 1919. 1920.

lb. per lb. per lb. per
acre. acre. acre.

1, 000 1,843 1 ,078
1,120 750 800

1. 062 1 , 069 905

EstÍInating the average price of tobacco in Ontario at 30 cents
and in Quebec at 25 cents per lb., the total estinuLted value of the crop
of 1920 in Ontario is $6,506,550, as compared "Tith $8,840,000 in
1919, and in Quebec it is $:6,600,000, as compared with $6,780,000,
the total for Canada being thus $13,106,550 for 1920, as against
815,548,000 for 1919.
Wool Production of Canada, 1915-20.-There are no definite
statistics of the annual '''"001 clip of Canada, except as regards wool
sold through the co-operative associations. For the years 1915,
1916 and 1917, the ,vool clip ,vas roughly estimated at 12,000,000 lb.,
the total values, at the rate of 28 cents per lb. in 1915, 37 cents in 1916
and 59 cents in 1917, being for 1915 $3,360,000, for 1916 $4,440,000
and for 1917 $7,000,000. It is usually estimated that the average
,veight of wool per sheep is 6.5 lb. The rise in the price of ,vooI
during recent years has stimulated production, and the quantity of
,vool produced is no,v Inuch higher than it ,vas a fe,v years ago. Apply-
ing the average of 6.5 lb. to the number of sheep in Canada in 1918
(3,052,748) and 1919 (3,421,958), the result is an estimated total
production of 19,842,862 lb. for 1918 and 22,2-17,727 lb. for 1019.
.Assuming 20 million lb. of ,vool to be the production for each of the
two years, and taking the average price per lb. at 60 cents, the
estÍIna ted value of the Canadian ''"001 clip for each of the two years
1918 and 1919 is $12,000,000. For 1920, ,yith sheep numbering
3,720,783, the wool clip may be placed at about 24,000,000 lb.; and
as the average price per lb. fell to 22 cents, the total value amounts
to $5,280,000. The figures for the years 1915 to 1920 stand therefore
as in Table 39.

SUG II? Bl..'ETS

2.')9

39.-.:stlmat('d '.rodurtlon and "aluc of \\001 In ('anada, 1915-20.

Year.

Rheep.

Produc.tion.

Average
Prire
P<'r 1 b.

Value.

1915. . . . 0 .. . 0 __ 0..
1916.. .... '.0 0"".'.'0
1917. . . . . . . . . .00. . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . .
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0 .
1919.... ..0.........0....
1920.

Xo.
2 . 03
, f)ß:?
2,O:.!2,941
2, 3lm, 3:>8
3,052,748
3.421,95'
3,7
0,7S3

lb.
12,000,000
12,000,000
12.000,000
20,000,000

O,OOO.OOO
24.000,000

rents.
2R
3 ...
, ,
59
60
60
22

!
3,360,000
4,440,000
7,000.000
12,000,000
12,000,000
5,2
O,OOO

Agricultural Instruction Act.-1Tnder the .Agricultural In-

truetion .Act (3 G.eo. \T, c. 5), appropriation
are annually payahle
by the DonlÎnion Government to carll of the Provincial GOVPrIUllents
of Canad3 for thc encouragenlent of agrirulture "through education,
in
truction and d{\nlon
tration carried on along lincR ,veIl dpvi:-;('(l
and of a continuous nature" and for the purpo
c of assisting in the
,,'ork of yeterinary colleges establi
hed in thc provinces. l."he

lppropriHtion for the year 1920-2] aUlountf' to
1,100,OOO and is
alloeated by province::5 as follo".
: I>rince Ed,vard Island, "'31,74H.22;
X ova Scotia, ....81 ,71ô.b9; X ew' Bruns".ick, :::-64,110.80; Quebf'{"
s271 ,113.7t3; Ontario, $3:
6,ð03.26; ::\fanitoLa, &77,113.11; Saskateh-
('wan,
ð 1,72S.4
; ..Alberta,
(jü,nü5.ô2; Briti
h Coluln hia,
69, 199.0f);
'''' eterinary ColleJ.!;es, "20,000.00. _\. }{eport on the .\gri{'ultural
Instruction Act for the year 1919-20 ".a'5 published in 1!12() [Xo.
15a-1921J.
Sugar Beets and Beetroot Su
ar.-l"here are three
ugar
factories in Canada which manufacture sugar from Canadian gro,vu

ugar beets. l"hC'y are situated at Chatharn, "nllaceburg and l
it-
chener, in the province of Ontario and arc under the control of the
Don1Ïnion
ugar CODlpany, Ltd., of (1hathan1. From 190;3 until
1914, ".hen it "-ent out of busineF':-', therf' ".a
also in operation the
I
night Sugar COlnpnny of }{aynlond in \.lberta. In Table 40 are
given particulars re
pecting the area, yield and value of sugar beet
as a fanD crop and of t hp production of refined t'ugar Blade fro In
Canadian grown "'ugar bept:-,.
40.- \r('a, '\ h'hl and' ahll' of
u
ar Ul't'ts in ('allada and Production of Rdtn('d Jleet-
root
u
ar, 1911-1919.

Production .
Year. Acrcs Yield Total Average Total of refined
gro" n. per acre. yield. price. value. beetroot
per ton. sugar.
acres. tons. tons. Sets. S lb.
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,677 8.50 175,000 6.59 1,154,000 21,329,689
1912................. . 18,900 10.50 201 , 000 5.00 1,005,000 26,767,287
1913.. . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 17,000 8.75 148,000 6.12 906,000 26,149,216
191-1... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,100 9.00 108,600 6.00 651,000 31,314,763
1915.......0......... . 18,000 7.75 141,000 5.50 775,500 39,515,802
1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000 4.75 71 , 000 6.20 440,000 17,024,377
1917................. Î 14,000 8.40 117,600 6.75 793,800 23,376,850
1918................. . 18,000 11.25 20-1,000 12.71 2,593,715 50,092,835
1919.0............... . 18,800 9.50 180,000 14.61 2,630,027 37,839,271
18427-171

260

PRODUCTIOJ.-"{

As \vill be noticed from the table, there has been during the last
two years a considerable increase in the acreage and production of
sugar beet and in the production of refined beetroot sugar, the latter
having increased from 23,376,850 lb. in 1917 to 50,092,835 lb. in 1918,
receding to 37,839,271 lb. in 1919. The value of refined beetroot
sugar produced was $4,358,077 in 1918 and $3,924,411 in 1919; con-
sequently the wholesale price per pound of the sugar ,vas 8.7 cents
in 1918 and 10.4 cents in 1919.
Maple Sugar.-The maple sugar industry in Canada is' confined
to the provinces of Quebec, Ontario, N e,v Brunswick, and Nova
Scotia. From 1851 to 1861 the average yearly production 'was about
13,500,000 lb., from 1861 to 1871 about 17,500,000 lb., from 1871 to
1881 19,000,000 lb. and from 1881 to 1891 about 22,500,000 lb.
During the next decade the yearly average fell to about 21,200,000 lb.,
and in more recent years to little less than 20,000,OQO lb. In the
l\Iaritime Provinces the yearly output has rarely exceeded 500,000
lb. Quebec turns out about 14,300,000 lb. and Ontario 5,000,000 lb.
per annum. It is estimated that the industry, which represents an
annual value of almost $2,000,000, is carried on by about 50,000
growers. The production of maple sugar and maple syrup in the
province of Quebec, according to the annual statistics of the Dominion
and Quebec Bureaus of Statistics ,vas as follo\vs: ::.vlaple sugar,
12,157,498 lb. in 1919, as compared ,vith 10,173,622 lb. in 1918;
maple syrup, 1,470,775 gallons in 1919, as compared with 1,928,201
gallons in 1918. The value of maple products in Quebec in 1919 ,vas
estimated at $6,348,605, as compared ,yith $4,418,344 in 1918. 1
Stocks of Grain in Canada. 2 -In Table 41 are given the results
of the compilation of returns froln crop correspondents estimating
the quantities of \vheat, barley, oats, rye and flaxseed in the hands of
farmers at the close of the Canadian crop year on August 31, 1920.
The corresponding figures for \vheat, barley and oats for the year:::;
1918 and 1919 are included in the table.

n.-stocks of Grain in Farmers' Hands in Canada on August 31, 1918, August 30, 1919, and August
31. 1920.

"
B
o
F

Total In farmers' Total In farmers' Total In farmers'
Field Crops. produc- hands produc- hands production hands
tion in Aug. 31, tion in Aug. 30, in Aug. 31,
1917. 1918. 1918. 1919. 1919. 1920.
000 000
bush. p.C. bu:sh. bush. p.C. bu
h. bush. p.C. bu
h.
\ heat. . . . - - 233,743 0.19 431,340 189,075 1.14 2,149.000 193,260,4001 1.10 2,122.300
arley. . . . . . . . . 5.5,058 0.64 354,210 77.287 1.86 1. 437, 100 56.389,400 1.39 781,100
ats...... . - 403,010 2.13 8,577,800 426,313 3.79 16, 13j, 100 394,387,000 2.16 8,515.200
Rye_ - - - - - - 10,207.400 0.62 62,900
laxseed. . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - 5,472,800 1.45 79.200

Data as to stocks of grain in the elevators and in flour Inills at
the end of August are added to the estimates of grain in farmers'
hands, as in Table 42. The figures for 1920 include stocks in unlicensed
lSee Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics, May 1920 (Vol. 13, No. 141), p. 118.
2Se e Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics,
eptember, 1920 (Yol. 13, No. 145),
P. 2
9, and April, 1921 (Vol. 14, Ko. 152, p. 142).

STOChS OF GR.tI
Y I
' C.t.
ADA.

2tH

(>a
tenl clevator:-\, and in flour n1ills, ,vhieh "-ere not previously a:-\eer-
taiul'll. The tota.ls r('pre::;ent actual quantities, except as regards

toch.
in farIner
' hand::;, ,vhich are c
tÎIna.ted from the return
of
l'rop ('orre
pondent
.
42.-
tod"s of Grain In ('anada .st the flo
f" of the Crop \ f"ar!\. 1918. 1911 and 1920.

WllE.'st. Harl('y.
(
uan tit ies in
\u
. 31, AUJ(. 30, \uJ(. 31, Au
. 31, AUJ(.30, AUJ(. 31,
191
. WW. I H:?O. 191R. 1919. 19
0.
hush. huc;;h. hu
h. hush. hu
h. hush.
Farmers' hand
.... 431,340 2, I.UJ, 000 2, 12:!, 300 3,=)4 , 210 1,437,100 7XI, 1U0
Terminal ele,-ators.. 16, S7s 4a:3, 9
01 I, ü03, 8111 1üO, 560' 244,5lìfì 171,703
Public E.'le'\stors... 3, 120,
15 2,IO
,8841 4,316,527 434,479 1,388,50.! 337,301
Eastern ('l('vators. . . . . . . . . - 30, 007 1 326
Country devators. 414,591 i6
.36
1 UoU.OOO, 204,241 275,225 210,000
Flour mills. . - 23i, 7S0 2,000
TotaL...... . . J 3,983,024 5,454,1f)ß 9,290,4251 1,45a,490 3,345,393 1,502, 30

Total.. .

Oat:3. Hyr. Flax.
AUIl. 31, I AUJ(. 30, AUJ(. 31, \uJ(. 30, \uJ(. 31, AUJ(. 30, Aug. 31,
191ð. UH9. 1920. 1919. 1920. 1919. 1920.
bu
h. } >u
h. hu:--h. bu
h. bush. hush. bush.
",577, '00,16,137,100 1 8,515,200. - Ii:? , 900 - 79,200
3, 0ß.1, ti6ïl 1,371, 043 :i39,
29, 152,20H 58,20H 37,610 166,Oð6
2,901,296 1,036,55.5 240,100 1 - - - 21,62!:
-I - 10.942 - 30b - 1,208
4
6. 6271 i35. 25
560.000 I 6,642 - 15,047 48,000
- - 14,846 1 - 355 - -
14, Û69, 390j19, 279, 956, 9, bSO, 9171 15ð,851 121,772 52,657 616,123

Quantitic
in

Farmprs' hand
.. .. ..
T('rminal elr,.ators. .. .
Public elpvator
........
Eastern ('}p,'ators .
Country plevator
......
l-lour li1Îlls. . . . . . . .

OTE.-For 1920, the quantities in terminal ele\ators were for August 27.
.According to Tahle 42, about Ü 2Hl,OOO bu:-\heb of ".heat, 1,503,000
hushels of barley, 9,übl,OOO hushels of oat:-\, 122,000 hu
hels of rye
and 616,OÚO bushels of tlax
eed constituted the "carryover" into
the crop year ending l\UgUSt 31, 1921.
Tahle 43 p;i\.es the re
ults of inquirie
as to the' quantities of
wheat, and ,,'heat flour expre

ed as ,vheat, in Canada on
larch 31,
1021, ,,-ith th
corre:--pol1tling figurl
s for 191i to 1020.

":
.-
tock
of \\beat In ('anada at thl' end of "arch, 1916-
O.

Wheat in

:\Iarch 31, .:\Iarch 30, \Iareh 31,
Iarch 31,
Iarch 31,
1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921.
bu
h. bu!'h. hush. bush. bush.
24,441,7911 4,149,357 31,243,073 8,718,874 21,425,275
89,245 2,882,141 241, 605' - -
5,Iß
,242 1,098,610 2,447, 371 1 3,897,787 2,124,976
30,549,209 10,4.=)9,466 16,514,133 14,148,779 11 , 247, 909
2,.516,461 1,935,639 19,536,882 3,856,958 1,004,202
4,884,825 4,802,236 5,390,066 5,575,253 3,635,818
12,862,356 20,011,179 10,854,840 6,271,697 7, 119, 983
45,638,000 31,684,700 32,315,000 34,837,000 48,919,000
126.150,137 77,023,32
118,5"2,970 n,306,3"
1 95,177,163
I

Terminal ele,-ators. . . . . .
Winter storage in vE.'8sels. .
Interior t('rminal ele,-ator::-
Country ('levators....
Public elE.',-ator8...
Flour mill
. ......
Tran
it bv rail
Farmers.Lhand
: .

Totals. ..,

262

PRODUCTIO.V

Adopting the simpler rlassification of elevators, flour mills, in
transit by rail and in farmers' hands, the results of inquiries for each
of the five years 1917 to 1921, in respect. of wheat, are as shown in
Table 44.

<t".-Stocks of Wheat in Canada at the end of l\larch, 1917-21.

,V heat in March 31, March 30, March 31, March 31, March 31,
1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921.
bush. bush. bush. bush. bush.
Elevators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,764,956 20,525,213 69,983,064 30,622,398 35,802,362
I.'lour mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,884,825 4,802,236 5,390,066 5,575,253 3,635,818
Transi t by rail. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,862,356 20,011,179 10,854,840 6,271,697 7,119,983
l'armers' hands........... 45,638,000 31,684,700 32,315,000 34,837,000 48,919,000
Totals.. . . . . . . . . . . 126,150,137 77,023,328 118,5-12,970 77,306,348 95,477,163

For oats, barley and flaxseed, the quantities returned as In
Canada on :ß1arch 31, 1920 and 1921, were as in 1'able 45.

45.-Stocks of Oats, Barle)" and Flaxseed in Canada on l\larch 31, 1920 and 1921.

Oats. Barley. Flaxseed.
Grain in
March 31,
larch 31, March 31, March 31, March 31, March 31,
1920. 1921. 1920. 1921. 1920. 1921.
bush. bush. bush. bush. bush. bush.
Terminal elevators... 3,718,916 13,954,939 1,737,733 3,089,680 219,265 1,852,824
Interior terminal ele-
vators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,348,319 4,337,274 113, 137 79,499 13,216 10,791
Country elevators. . . . 10,368,491 14,938,906 1,739,249 2,680,829 324,697 1,413,556
Public elevators. . . . . . 836,203 2,312,016 425,514 198,892 19,954 37,831
Flour mills... ....... . 731,750 670,321 111,435 58,638 12,013 -
Transit by raiL....... 4,398,518 3,462,583 579,100 1,205,396 104,076 741,039
Farmers' hands. . . . . . 123,OJO, 000 206,938,000 11,024,000 17,532,000 1,400,500 1,808,000
Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . 144,492,197 246,614,039 15,730,168 24,844,934 2,093,721 5,864,041
RECAPITULA TION.
Elevators, etc. . . . . . . . 16,271,929 35,543,135 4,015,633 6,048,900 577,132 3,315,002
Flour mills. . . . . . . . . . . 731,750 670,321 111,435 58,638 12,013 -
Transit by raiL....... 4,398,518 3,462,583 579,100 1,205,396 104,076 741,039
Farmers' hands....... 123,090,000 206,938,000 11,024,000 17,532,000 1,400,500 1,808,000
Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1",4:92,197 2"6,6U,039 15,730,168 2..,8....,93.. 2,093,721 5,861,0"1

STUCAS OF GNA.I.V 1.\ (' L\ ..lD.l

2ûa

Of oats, ineluding oat products cxprt.'!'
e(I :L:O: grain, tht
tutal
quantity return \d a'" in Canada on )[areh 31, lU21, ,vas 2-16,614,000
hushels, as COlllpar \({ \vith 1-l4,4U2,OOO hu....ht..h, in 1920. The total
for 1921 cOlnprises 3ü.:!13,OOO bU:5hels ill elevators and flour nliUs,
20G,938,OOO busheb in fanners' hand:-- and 3,462,000 bushels in transit.
rrhe total quantity of barl<,y in Canada on :\larch 31, IV21, ,vas
returned as 24,
-tj,OO() bu:-\hcl
a
eOlllpared ,yith 13, 7aO,OOO hu
hel

in 1920. 1'he fi12:ures for IH21 cOlllpri:-:c Ü 107 ;')()l) hu
h<,b in <,levators
and flour Inills, 17 ,;)
2,OOO bU:5hcl
in fanner....' hanùs and 1,20;'),000
hushels in tr
ln
it. Of ftax<;ecd the' total quantity in Callada on
)Iarch 31, 1921, "
a8 Hhout 3,gû4,UOU bu
h('ls, a
conlpar('d ,,'ith
2,09-1,000 bu:-:lH_+'
in 1020. The total for IH21 cOlnpri:--c
3,:313,000
bushels in elevator
, 1,hO
,OOO bu
h(>l:-: in farlllf'r:-:' hand:-, and 7 -11,000
bu
hel
in transit.
Of ryp the quantitips in hand on ::\Ian'h 31, 1921, ,,"cre about
3,115,000 bU:5heb, inrluding 2,83:!.OUO hu
hels in farmers' hands,
-120,000 bu
hcl
in l'levators, and lü:3,000 bu:-:hel:, in tral1:5it.

Distribution of Canadian "heat and Oat Crops.l-l'ahle
46
hu" s the di:,tribution uf thp Canadian ".heat crop for the eleven

.ear
1909-10 to 1919-20, for the crup years elHled .\UbU:-:t
1.

.t6.-Distrihution of the Canadian \, heat t..rop, It 09-'!O.

A. PROD'l"CTIOX.

Totals... .

2,226,015

Grain A vailablp
Loss in not mer- Xet Imports. for
cleaning. chantable. production. distribution.
000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush.
5,002 6,876 154,866 219 155,085
3,962 7,923 120,164 407 120,571
6,928 29,.142 194,554 388 194,942
6,725 17, 93
199,501 g87 200,388
6,952 16,220 208,545 660 209,205
4,838 10, 487 145, 955 1,914 147,869
11 ,806 18,873 362,864 282 363,146
7,883 39, 138 215,760 309 216,069
7,012 10,736 215,995 261 216,256
5,672 13,705 169,698 323 170,021
66,780 171,333 1, 9ð7 ,902 5,650 1,993,552
I 5,798 10,830 176,632 206 176,838

Crop Year. Gross
production.

1909-10...... .
1910-11. . . . . . .
1911-12.......
1912-13. . . . . . .
1913-14.......
1914-15. .. . . . .
1915-16.......
1916-17.......
1917-18.......
1918-19. ... . . .

000 bush.
166,744
132,049
230,924
224.159
231,717
161,2"0
393,543
262,781
233,743
189,075

1919-20. . . . . . .

193,2bU

l
ee
Ionthly Bulletin of .\.gricultural Statistics, April 1920 (Vol. 13, 1\0. 140), p. 75.

264

PRODeCTIO
V

"G.-Distribution of the Canadian Wheat Crop, 1909-20-coQcluded

B. DISTRIBUTION.

-
Available Exports Exports Retained Balance for
Crop Year. for dis- of of wheat Total for home con-
tribution. wheat. flour. exports. seed. sumption.
000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush.
1909-10. .. . . . . 155,085 52,299 15,641 67,940 15,510 52,430
1910-11. ... _ . 120,571 52,099 14,952 67,051 19,426 34,094
1911-12...... . 194,942 78,929 19,587 98,516 19,244 77,182
1912-13... . 200,388 97,872 20,047 117,919 19,276 63,193
1913-14.. . . . . . 209,205 111 , 663 21,387 133,050 19,659 56,496
1914-15....... 147,869 62,377 22,445 84,822 26,441 36,606
1915-16.. . . . . . 363,146 253,598 36,197 289,795 26,897 46,454
1916-17...... . 216,069 134,024 36,779 170,803 25,823 19,443
1917-18... . . . . 216,256 105,613 49,622 155,235 30,369 30,652
1918-19. . . . . . . 170,021 59,207 44,331 103,538 33,470 33,013
Totals. . . . 1,993,552 1,007,681 280,988 1,288,669 236,115 449,563
1919-20... . . . . 176,838 63,926 25,541 89,467 31 , 841 55,530

From the last column of Table 46 (B) it will be observed that
the balance of wheat available for home consumption has varied
from the maximum of 77,182,000 bushel
in 1911-12 to the minimum
of 19,443,000 bushels in 1916-17, a critical year of the war. Adding
together the balances for the ten years and dividing by ten shovr"s
the average annual consumption to be 44,956,000 bushels, or, in
round numbers, 45,000,000 bushels, which is 5 million bushels less
than the quantity usually estÏInated as sufficient for a year's food
of the people of Canada, allowing 61 bushels per capita for a popu-
lation of 8 millions. For the five years ended August 31, 1910-14,
the annual average available for home consumption was 56,679,000
bushels and for the four war years ended August 31, 1915 to 1919, it
'vas 33,289,000 bushels.
The rate of 61 bushels, ,vhich it has been customary to regard as
the average consumption per head of wheat in Canada, is based upon
the census data of 1911, and it does not differ greatly from the average
of 61 bushels per head, which was given in the Statistical Year Book
of CanadB for 1891 (page 270) a::; the result of calculations extending
over the ten years 1881 to 1890. Having no"\v data for a period of ten
years 1909-10 to 1918-19, based upon estimates more complete and
trustworthy than were available in 1891, it is interesting to ascertain
,vhat the apparent annual average per capita consumption of wheat
has been during this decennium. Accordingly, in Table 47 are the
figures of population for the ten years, as estimated on l\farch 31,
excepting for 1911, "\vhich are the actual figures of the Census.

ll()JJ E cnssr 11 J'TJOX OF 11 II EAt l'

:!ö.)

47.- "
stlll1ated IlÞol)ulation of t:anada, 1910-19 ("000" omitted).

Y ('ar. I
umLer. Y car. Xumh(.r. \ par. Xumber.
I
1910........ .1 6,917 1914. . 7, 7:?=) lUl." . 8,593
1911 . . . . . . . . .. :1 7,207 un:; 7,!I:!
HHV. b,
.{5
1912. . .. . . .. 7,34
1916 8, }.to
1913........ 7,530 UH;.. ,, 361 1 Total.. . . . . . . . 7
,579

FruIn t he total population fcd anllually during the ten yt'ar:-\,
viz., 7ð,579,OOO, it is nCt"t'::-::--ary to deduct the llunlber
of the troop

overseas during the war. 1'he:-\c luay Le pla
cd for the four years
of war at l,O-lü,OOO (33,000 in 1915, 213,000 in 19lü and 400,000 in
each of the y(ìar:-, 1917 and 1915), which deductcrl from 7b,579,OOO
h
ave
77,533,000 as the net popul:\tion fed in Canada. Ovcr the
ten years the annual
l\rcrage pcr capita ('onsulnptioll of 'wheat in
(t a uada is t hcrefor
5. S bu
hd
. During the four years of 'var
(1915 to 191
), th
per eapita cons\lH1ption, :lS calculated from the
dat
in the ta.bl(;s, fell to 1. 2 bushel
, ,,"hibt during th(ì pre-,var
ppriod of the five year
1910 to lU14 it ".a
7. 7 bu
hcls.

Table 48, con
tructcd
iInilarly to that of ,,-hea.t, shows the pro-
duction, import
and export::, of oats "luring the crop years cnded
..\ugust 31, for the decennial period 1910-19.

"
.-Dbtrlbutlon of the l-'anadian Oat {'rop 1009-20.

A. PRODUcrIO:S-.

Crop \ par.

1909-10.
1910-11._ ..
1911-12. .
1912-13.
1913-14... ._
1914-15.......
1915-16. ...... .
1916-17............ .
1917-18...... .
1918-19.......
Totals... _.. _..

1919-20....... . . _ . .

I I Available
Gro:-:
Grain not Xet Imports. for
prodm.tion. IJu'rehanta hIe produetion. distribution.
000 bu
h. ouo bu
h. OuO bu:-:h. 000 bu
h. 000 bu::sh.
3.j3,4titi 32,276 321,190 22 321,212
243,506 17,04.j 226.461 20 226,481
365,179 39,m.,7 325,192 96 325,288
391,629 35,991 355,63R 240 355,878
404,669 21,915 382,754 322 383,076
313,078 27,087 285,991 2,034 288,025
464,954
6,097 428,857 2,129 430,986
410,211 42,940 367,271 1,091 368 , 362
103,010 36,400 366.610 895 367,505
426,312 43,318 382,994 4,705 387,699
3,776,014 33
. 0.=)6 3,442,95b 11 ,554 3,454,512
394,387 40,427 353,960 1,922 355,882

266

PRODUCTION

48.-Distribution of the Canadian Oat Crop, 1909-2o-conclud
d.

B. DISTRIBUTION.

Totals..... .

Available Exports Exports Retained Balance
for dis- of of oat Total for for home
tribuiion. oats. products. exports. seed. con-
sumption.
000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush. 000 bush.
321,212 6,063 2,341 8,404 23,256 289,552
226,481 7,277 1,335 8,612 21,630 196,239
325,288 9,046 2,345 11,391 24,077 289,820
355,878 13,956 1,401 15,357 24,915 315,606
383,076 34,421 1,197 35,618 26,085 321,373
288,025 13,382 273 13,655 25,154 249,216
430,986 62,424 1,085 63,509 28,789 338,688
368,362 63,250 2,098 65,348 27,491
75,523
367,505 25,307 3,899 29,206 33,283 305,016
387,699 13,679 1,578 15,257 36,976 335,466
3,454,512 248,805 17,552 266,357 271, 656 2,916,499
355,822 15,356 3,128 18,484 39,625 297,713

Crop Year.

1909-10........ .
1910-11.. . . . . . . .
1911-12.... . . . . .
1912-13... . . . . . .
1913-14... . . . . . .
1914-15... . . . . . .
1915-16.. . . . . . . .
1916-17........ .
1917-18... . . . . . .
1918-19. . . . . . . . .

1919-20. . . . . . . . .

The production and exportation show grea.ter fluctuation than
in the case of 'wheat, areas being frequently so\vn to oats where
seasonal conditions make it impossible to sow \vheat in time; but the
table sho\vs an increased production and exportation during the
latter half of the period. For the first five years, 1910 to 1914, tne
average gross annual production was 351,689,000 bushels and the
exportation 15,876,000 bushels, whilst for the latter half, 1915 to
1919, the annual averages 'were 403,513,000 bushels production and
37,395,000 bushels exports. Over the whole period of ten years, the
annual average of gros8 proùuction was 377,600,000 bushels and of
exports 26,635,000 bushels. Oats are used principally for the feeding
of home live stock; and, as the table shows, only a comparatively
small proportion is exported. The numbers of farm live stock in-
creased progressively during the ten years, and the \var stimulated
exportation. The production of oats showed a corresponding augmen-
tation
Agricultural Wealth of Canada, 1915-20.-Table 49 presents
the results of calculations of the gross total value of the annual agri-
cultural production of Canada for each of the years 1915 to 1920.
The values are calculated from the average prices received from
farmers. They are necesbarily gross values and are also to a certain
extent hypothetical, because it is impossible to distinguish between
the use of crops as materials for other kinds of production, such as
the feeding of live stock, nor to allo,v for the cost of production.

lGRlrClJTUR.1L lrEA.LTll OF CA_\.
tD&t

2û7

, - (;ro...'C '&thlt, of tilt' ,\nllual \ rrh'ultural Produdloll of (':allada. 1915-1920.

Ðt':o-('ription. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. IH:?O.
000 000 000 000 000 000
S S S
S

Fid(! Crops......... . .. . b2.1,371 bðû,49.') 1.144.6371 1,372,936 1,537,170 1,455,244
Farm .Animal", ...... . . . . . 79, 95S 110, 2011 I 140,083
156,
û
191,12
BO,O&4
7,000' I
\,"001. . . . . . . .. . 3,360 4,4-10 12,400 11 , 000 5,321

Dairy Products. , . . . ... ..1 1-16,00.)
rruits and Yeget'1.hlf'
..1 35,000
Poultry anù ]:p:
:;... ... . . .1 35,000

152'Mb!
35,000
35,OuO

232, '2C: 21S.
""I 252, 3201 256,000
40,00U' 40,000 40,000 40,000
I 1 1
40,000 40,000 40,000 1 50,000
1.6'!1.0J 1.90"'3,, 1 2 . 0bO ,;;'1 1.9
6,61

I I I

(;r(r' total,alue. .. l l,I1
.G!H 12.!.
.!t.l'!
-)1

If to the e
tÏInated value' of agricultural production in 1920, viz.,

1,946,64h,OOO be added
4,232,5ð8,OOO for latHl and huildings,

301,669,OOO for iInplenlents, and ....1,041,24ß,000 for fann live stock,
the total estÌIllated a Tricultural "eulth of the DùnlÏnion of Canada
for 1920 aillounts to
7 ,üI2, 13 1,000.
Iis("ellaneous product
not
included, viz., tobacco, flax, fibrc and luaple proùuct
, arc e
tilnated
for 1
t20 at ....23,000,000. The valuc::- for land and building':) and
iinplelllent
are con:-;ervativp e
tÌ1nate::; ha:-;cù upon the cen
us returns
of 1011 and 191ü. Frc8h data \yill be available after the taking of
the Cen:-;u::, of 1921.

Production of
\
ricultural Implements.-..\.ccording to u.
preliminary report i::;:--ued by the Dominion Bureau of Statistic
there
,vere in 1919, g6 plants manufacturing agricultural inlplements in
Canada. Of the
e plants t,vo werc in Prince Ed\vard Island, 20 in
Quebec, 51 in Ontario, seven in
Ianitoba, three in ;3a
katchcwan,
and three in Alberta. The total value of the capital invested in the
industry in 1919 \va
'
3,2ï6,450, and the total selling value of the
products ,vas
3ß, 703,943. rrhe nUlnber of eUlployees wa
10,80b,
including 5ßß fenlale
, and the ::;alarit:
and ,vagt:s puid filllounted to
SI1,855,OI3. The iInplement
manufaetured included 70,372 plough
,
value :'3,255,773; 4,170 tractor plough
, value :;742,250; 11,1-19
cultivators, value ....1,37
,52ß;
3, 746 harro".s, value 81,452,-163;
27,912 drill
, value 83..
ßO,631; 20,949 grain harvester::;, ,"alue
::'5,169,075; 660 harve:-;ter
and thre
her::) combined, value $340,083;
10,497 hay tedders, loaders and carrier
, value :'783,538; 15,375
horserakes, valuf' S566, 735; 28,019 mo'\'er
, value
1, 777,358, and
11,3b4 ".heel harro'v
, value
61,ü89.

268

PRODUCTION

INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.

World's Statistics of Farm Live Stock.-Table 50 sho"\vs the
numbers of horses and cattle in the principal countries of the world, as
derived from the "Annuaire International de Statistique Agricole,
1917 et 1918," which was issued in 1920 by the International Institute
of Agriculture. In this table a distinction is made between the
countries of the British Empire and those of the rest of the world.
In Table 51 the totals for the British Empire are compared for
the two periods, and the proportion that each description bears to
the world's total live stock is also shown. This table includes all
the larger British Dominions, but is not complete, as in it are not
included the figures for Newfoundland, and for the smaller Crown
Colonies and British Possessions in various parts of the world. It
,vill be noticed that all descriptions of live stock in the British Empire
have increased, with the exception of sheep and goats; also that for all
descriptions, except goats, the proportion of live stock relative to the
,vorld's total has increased as bet,veen the two periods. For horses
the British Empire possesses II!, for asses and mules 21, for cattle
43!, for sheep 39, for goats 44.6 and for
wine 5 p.c.. of the totals
for the world. Table 52 gives the world's total for each description
of live stock for the two periods. According to this table, horses have
increased by 2!, asses and mules by 9!, cattle by 10 and swine by
22 p.c., whilst sheep have decreased by 6! and goats by I p.c. The
decline in the number of sheep is perhaps the most significant feature
of these tables. It is a feature common to all the large sheep-breeding
countries of the world, including Australia, South Africa, the United
States and Argentina, and coupled with the increased demand during
the war for military equipments, accounts for the large increase in the
price of wool and woollen garments. N e'v Zealand is one of the few
large sheep countries ,vhich show an increase. Canada, too, though
not a large sheep country shows an increase of 347,358. It is note-
,vorthy that the net decrease of sheep in the British Empire is not more
than 2 p.c., whilst for the other countries of the ,vorld it is as much as
9.2 p.c. and for all countries, including the British Empire, it is 6! p.c.,
Buffaloes are recorded as existing in 12 countries, the total for the
latest year being 27,255,715, of .which 21,086,176, or 77 p.c., are in
India. These totals do not include buffalo calves, which in a fe"\v
instances are not separately distinguished from the calves of ordinary
cattle.

I STERS t TIUX.tL
tGIUC .LTUR.1L ::iTA TISTICS

2{)
)

ãO.
" umht.rs of lIorst's and f"aftlt' b) Prlnt'il)al ('ountrlt's of tilt' "orld, If Of and 191
.
XOTE.- C=Cen:o;us; E=E
timate.

Countri<:'s.

norst'
--
Great Britain.. . . . . . .
Ireland. _ . . . . . . . . _ . . .
Canada... . . . . - . .
I British
India. Provinces 1 .
lKative ötates 1 ...
Egypt.
)lauritiub. _
=,outh .\frica.
.\ustralia.... ..
Xp\\ Zealand.... ....
Total. . .. . . . . . .1

.\.ustria. . . . . . . .
HunJ!;ary (propt'r).. . .
('roatiH.-
la\ onia.. ..
B{)ðnia- Ht'rzpgo\ ina..
Belgium.
Buh:!;aria.. .
Denmark. .
Franc(.
Algipr... . . .
Tunis. ..
(;ennan\ ..
Italy.. .
. .
I u'wmburg..

I('xico. ....
X etherlanùb.
HumaniH . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xorv.ay.
Philippin{'s. . . ..
Portugal. . . . .
Ru:-:-ia in Furope.. .
l'inland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Russia in A:õ-ia........
:-'prbia. . .
:-\pain.
:O;wpden. " . _ . . .
;0:\" itz('rland. . . . .
Japan... .
l"nit{'d
tat('sl1...... ..
\.rgentina.... . . . . . .
Brazil. . . . .. .. . . . .
(.hile.........
('osta Rica.........
Cuba.. .
rruguay.... .

Total............ .1

Total Horst's.... .. ..1

Date n{'are
t HJU9.

\ctual
datL. Ko.

HIU9 E
IVU9 F
190'-09 E
19o.,-oQ E
1910 E
1913 C
1911 C
1909 E
1911 C

1909
19U9
1911
1911J
1 VO
J
H.l05
19U9
1mm
19mJ
1909
1907
1908
1910
1902
1910
1900
1910
1910
1906
1909
1900
1909
190.3
1909
1909
1911
1 90
J
1910
1
08
1912
191
11
1910
1909
)908

2,162,122

2.132,-!X2
1.:>56,676
12
1, 190
52, ISO

24t
719,414
2,022,917 4
404,2b4

- 9,180,089
(' 1. 716, 4,,

1-: 1,
76,OlS
C 850,086
C 1 . 981
E 25.3,229

(' 478. 22
h 535.018
]
3, 2:Jü, t:iO
E 2a3.2-13
E :
2. OS3
C 4.345.0-13
C 955, S78
(' IS, 625
C 8. .f).
Il
C 327,377
C .
tH. 324
C 167,714
E 1-13,000
C tS'l.815
E
3,5-1S.3:35
.L 310.793
E 8.56.5.570
C 174,
ô:3
E -194,
53
E .>S 1. -141
C 1-U,12R
E 1. 5.51 . 1.56
E 21.0-l0,OUO
(' 7,537,31-1
C 7.
S9,690
E 3.52, lU8
(' 60,114
E .55.5, -123
C 556,3U7

- - 37,467,765

Datt' nearest HHS.

Actual I
dat
. Xù.

1911:> E
1918 E

1917-1" r
Hit 6 1 i I E
1915 E
1917 E
It/IS C
IV17 E
1915 ('

1910
1913

1913

191R
HUH
1914
1!11X
191.3
1918
1918

HIl8
HH6
191

1915

19Hi
1910
1915
1910
1917
191

l!"11R
1917
191
J
1914
HH6
1916-17
1914
1916
1916

2,213,272
3,609,257

1, (;,'\0, 946
200.253
30,390
40S 3
781,022
2,4HS,940
37S,050

- 11 , 392. 538
(' 1 , R02 . R4

E 2,005,019

E 267, 160"

E 544,999
E 2,232.n30
E 202. 839
E 3.5. S31
E 3,341,ô24 7
C 9S!1,7t'6
C 17.012

C 37H.
9-1
C 1,218,563{
J: 209, !J9R
E :23,000

E 23,476,065 10
E 365,967
E 9,613,67R
(' 1.52,523
E 557,676
C 714,R
2
C 12
, 971
E 1.560,2-1

.E 21, -182,000
C 8,323.RI5
(' 6.065,230
E 403,01:3
C 52,095
E 750,219
C 55-1,871

- - 87,671,090

Incrcabe
( +) or
decrease
(-)

+ 51,150

+1,476.77J
+ 124.270
+ 71,06;3
- 21.790

+ 61,60ð

- 26,234

+2,212.449

+ RG,3GO
+ 129,001

+ 9, Úb
-1,003,200
- 30,40-1
+ 3, 7'4

- 1,613

+ 50,917
+ 354,
39
+ 42,2')-1
+ "0,000

+ 55,174
+1,04R, lOR
- 21,
40
+ 62. FIn
+ 133, 3
1
- 15,lfi7
+ 9, O
Ü
+ 442,000
+ 7
f3, 501
-1,224,460
+ 50,905
- 8,019
+ 194,796
- 1,436

+ 203,325

- 196,617 ,
ãt
Ilncluding ponies. 2Total horf,l's on the hland, not ineluding ponies. .Animals on
sugar plantations comprises 413 horses. 3Horf,es on
ugar plantations. 4Including mules
and asses in Queensland. ;; X Ulll ber of animals on farms of over one acre. 61\ urn ber
of animals on all farms. 71\ot including 81my hOlses. sIncluding arm:y horses.
eKew Debroudga ineluded. IOTotal for 48 Governm('nts. llLive Stock on farms and
in breeding establishm('nts.

- 99, ()6:
, 628

+2,U5,7ì-t

.

270

PRODUCTION

50.-Xumbers of Farm LiTe Stock b)T Principal Countries of the World, 1909 and 1918
-COD.

KOTE.-C=Census; E=Estimate.

Countries.

Asses and lUules-
Ireland 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I d. jBritish Provinces
n la \ Native States.. . .
)Iauritius. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Africa...... . .. ..
New Zealand.. . . . . . . . .
Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . .

_\.ustria 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hungary (proper)... ...
Croatia-Slavonia.. . . .
Bosnia-Herzegovina. .
BelgiUlu 4 ....... . . . . . . . .
Bulgaria.. . . . . . . . . _ . . . .
France. . . . . .. ." _ . . . . .
Algiers.. .....
Tunis.. .
Germanv _ . . . .. . _ _ .
Luxembùrg........... .

ort
gal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:::;erbla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spain... . . . . . ... . . . " . .
S\vitzerland. . . . . . . . .. . . .
enited States 6..... '" .
Argf'ntina. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brazil.. . . .... . . . . . . . . . .
Chil e. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Costa Rica... ..... . . . . .
Cuba..................
'C ruguay , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Asses and lUules.

('attlf'-
Great Britain.... . . . }
Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(British
I I . I P . 6
nc la l T
ovmces. '6' . .
NatIve States ...
Egypt. . . . _ . . _

Iauritius.. . . . . . .

outh Africa. . . . . . . . . . .
Australia. _., .. _ _
X ew Zealand. . . _ _ . _ . _ .

Total. .. . . . . . _ _ . .

Date nea

Actual
date.

1909 E
1908-09 E
1908-09 E
1913 C
1911 C
1911 C
1910 E

1900 C
1909 E
1911 C
1910 C
1910 C
1905 C
1909 E
1909 E
1909 E
1907 C
1910 C
1906 C
1905 C
1909 E
1911 C
1910 E
1908 C
1912 C
1910-11 E
1910 C
1909 E
1908 C

:-

1909 E
1909 E
1908-09 E
1908-09 E
1910 E
1913 C
1911 C
1909 E
1911 C

rest 1909. Date nearest 1918. Increase
( +) or
Actual decrease
No. date. No. (-)
274,145 1918 E 257,722 - 16,423
1,402,302 1917-18 E 1,605,281 + 202,979
144,294 1916-17 E 161,229 + 16,935
672 2 1917 E 202 3 -
430,641 1918 C 638,875 + 208,234
404 1918 C 253 - 151
729,954 1918 E 598,233 - 131,721
2,982,412 - - 3,261,795 + 279,383
---
66,647 1910 C 73,408 + 6,761
16,034 1913 E 17,062 + 1,028
8,1Î3 - - - -
6,850 - - - -
10,51.9 - - - -
130, 7.'16 - - - -
555,710 1918 E 450,960 - 104,750
465,589 1914 E 452,703 - 12,886
98, 501 1918 E 100,875 + 2,374
11,291 1912 C 13,147 + 1,856
29 - - - -
201,7['6 - - - -
1,986 1910 C 1,622 - 364
1,699,264 1917 E 1,966,890 + 267,626
4,717 1918 C 4,164 - 553
4,123,000 1919 E 4,954,000 + 831,000
750,157 1914 C 825,226 + 75,069
3,207,940 1916 C 3,221,910 + 13,970
62,977 1916-17 E 88,254 + 25,277
3,334 1914 C 2,576 - 758
62,297 1916 E 61,044 - 1,253
22,099 1916 C 17,537 - 4,562
--- -
11,151,543 - - 12,251,378 +1,099,835
-- - --- ----
14,133,955 - - 15.513,173 +1,379,218
11,761,830 1918 E 12,311,149 + 549,319
8,234,035 1918 E 10,050,867 + 2,816,782
114,634,887 1917-18 E 149,107,922 +34,473,035
11,339,842 1916-17 E 14,801,334 + 3,461,492
672,091 1918 E 516,760 - 155,331
41,30F 1918 C 32,970 3 - 8,331
5,796,949 1918 C 6,851,924 + 1,054,975
11,040,391 1917 E 11,956,024 + 915,633
2,020,171 (918 C 2,869,465 + 849,294
164,541,497 -I - 208,498,415 + 43,956,918

1Jncluding genets. 2Total for Island. The animals on sugar plantations number
196. 3Animals on sugar plantations. 4Includinp- small mules. 6Live stock on farms
and in breeding establishments. 6Including buffaloes. 7Total for Island. The cattle
on sugar plantations number 22,141.

I..' TERJ.\.lTIV.Y.IL IGRICULTr R lL ST 17'lb7'ICS

271

.-'
Hlmht'rs of }'arm I.IH
SIOl'" h) ."-hU'll)al Countrll's of tilt' \\orld, I!W9 and 191

-conduded.
XOTE.-C=C 'n:-;u
; F=Estimatc.

CountriC's.

Catth' -
Austria.. .............
HunRury (propl'r)......
('roatia-
hwonia.. . . . . .
Bosnia- Herzego\ ina.. . .
BclJ.!:iuIll.
Bulgaria. .. . .
Denmark. .
}'rance. "..
;\hd
rs...... .
lums....
Germany" "
I tal v . " . . . . . . "
Lux
m bur
.
:\ etherlands.
'ol\\a\'. . . . .
Portu
àl... . . . . . " . " . .
Hurnania.............. .
H.u
sia in Europe......
1 'inland. .... . . . . . . . .
Hu
sia in Asia. . . . . . . . . .

erbia.

pain. .

w('(h'n.. ...
:-,witn'rland. . .
.J
p.Hn. . '';
t: mted ;::,tat(';s ........
.\r
('ntina. ...
Bnvil. . .. . .
Chile....... . .
Cl.vlon...... .
('o'rC'a. .. ....
COhta. Hica.........
Cuba. .
r TUJ?;uay
Total. .. . . .

Total Cat tic. ..... . . .

Date nparC':-;t l!IOH. Date npurC':.;f 1918- In('T('a
e
(+) or
\('tual Actual dC'cT('a
e .
datC'. 1\0. <.1:1t('. 1\0. (-)
lHOU (' 9,511.170 HnO C 9, If)Q, Om. - 351,161
]9,)9 E 6. ( 57. 7:.6 1913 E 6.04.), 184 - 12.542
IfnI c 1,184,664 - - - -
I
. 1 0 (' 1 ,
n7,9.{m - - - -
1!IO!' E 1, 85fì,
331 1913 E 1,f\49,4S4 -
H.105 (" 1.
.Q.u, .9_7 1
Il 0 - -
HI()n I
2, 2.')3.
IS2 Hils E 2,123,722 - 130,260
IHOU E 14,2H7,570 HilS E 12, 2:;0,
20 - 2,046,750
IU09 Ell,100,:;S6 1!114 E 11, OU2, m.IG - 7,590
1HOU E 173,470 19I5 E 251,490 + 78,020
HJU7 C 20, li30,544 HIl5 E 20,316,948 - 313,959
H.l08 C 6, In
,8lil 1
1l8 C 6, :?6;
, 767' -
Hno C- 04, 1
:
1
1l8 C- 108,004 + 13,821
1010 C 2, O:W, 943 HH8 C 2,04s,
72 + 21,929
1910 C 1,133,613 1918 1: 1,037,hI7 - 95,796
1!J06 C 7n.',198 - - - -
1900 C 2,:;
8,52G 1916 C 2,937,R77
+ 349,351
1909 E 35,780,710 WIG E 38,372,924' -
lUOO E 1,427,560 1910 E 1,603,720 + 176,160
I!JO!.l E 12,710,297 1915 E 14,771, G5
+ 2,061,3Gl
IH()5 (' 962,503 1910 C 957, 105 - 5, :
9R
19m. F 2,317,47R 1917 E 3,233,200 + !H5,722
H.lm.l E 2,729,8S7 191
(' 2,584,159 - 145,72R
1911 (' 1,443,4R3 1915 (' 1,.1)30,522 + 87,039
H'OH E 1,350,404 HH7 E 1,304,331 - 16,073
WlO F G!', ORO, 000 1919 E fiS, .
60. 000 - 5
0, 00(
190
(' 29,124,336 1915 E 26,3
7,623 - 2,736,713
1912 (' 30,705,400 1916 C '28, !I 62 , 1
0 - 1,743,220
1910-11 E 1,640,322 HH
17 E 2,029,942 + :38!J, 620
1 !)O9 E 1,509,554 1918 E 1,450,9G!J - 58,5
S
1910 E 703,844 1916 E 1,3.')3,1G8 + 64U,264
1910 C 333,017 1914 C 336,C61 + 3,044
1909 E 3,074, .')09 1916 E 3,t'61,731 + 't'tx7,222
1908 C 8,192,602 1916 C 7,802,442 - 390,160
- - 271,009,913 - - 270,bðb,665 - 321,248
I - - 'l3.j
551,.UO - -l lì9,1
7,0t-ì0- +43.635,6 70

IXumher of animals on farms of over one acre. 2Xumber of animals on all farms.
3lncluding buffaloes. 41\ e\\" Debroudga included. 'Total for 48 Gov('rnm('nt!i.
fCaUle from farms and breeding establi
hments.

ãl.-N'umbers of "'arm LIH' Stock In tht' British "
mplre, date
neareht 1909 and 1918.
Date P('r cent Dat(' I Per cent I ncrem;:(' (+)
Df':5cription. n('arps t of \rorld's n('arest of \\ orld 's or
1909. total. H.I18. total. dec'reasp (-).
Xo. p.C. Xo. p.C. Ko. I p.C.
Horse
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 1
(),O
9 9.5 11,392,53ö 11.5 +2,212,449, +24.1
Asses and mules... . 2,9S2,412 20.9 3,261,795, 21.0 +279,383 +9.4
Cattle...... . . . . . . 164,541, 497 1 37.8 208,498,415 43.5 +43.956.918 1 +26.7

heep. . . 207,528,367 37.1 203,877,238 39.0 -3,651,129 -2.0
Goats......... . 43,842,693 46.9 41,46
,807 44.6 -2,373,886 -6.0
S\\ine... . 8,667,709' 6.1 9,573,45] 5.5 +905,742 +10.4
I I

272

PRODrCTIOÞl

52.-\\'orld's Total Numbers of Farm Live Stock, dates nearest 1909 and 1918.

Date Date Increase (+)
Description. Countries. nearest nearpst or
1909. 1918. decrease (-)

o. No. No. No. poco
Horses...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 37 96,647,854 99,063,628 +2,415,774 +2.5
Asses and mules....... 0.. _'0 22 14.133,955 15,513,173 +1,379,218 +9.5
Cattle. . . . . . 38 435,551, 410 479,187,080 +43,635,670 +10.0
Sheep...... ., 34 558,675,104 522,776,112 -35,898,992 -6.5
Goats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ .0 26 93,516,840 92,883,241 -633,599 -1.0
Swine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . 0 . 0 33 142,052,328 173,319,879 +31,267,551 +22.0

World's Production of Cereals and Potatoes.- Table 53,
,vhich is compiled from the Crop Reports of the International In-
stitute of Agriculture, sho,vs the areas and yields of \vheat, rye,
barley, oats, corn and potatoes in various countries of the ,,-orld for
the years 1919 and 1920 in the northern henlisphere and for the
years 1919-20 and 1920-21 in the southern hemisphere (Argentina,
Uruguay, Peru, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.) The
table also includes, for purposes of cornparison, the average acreages
and yields for the five years 1914-18 (1914-15 to 1919-20 for the south-
ern hemisphere) and the areas and yields of 1920 in the forn1 of per-
centages of 1919 (1919-20) and of the five-year averages.
'Yheat.- The data cOlllprise 32 countries, which in 1920 produced
a total of 2,685,437,000 bushels fro In 188,869,000 acres, as compared
with 2,576,928,000 bushels frorn 193,977,000 acres in 1919 and
2,698,548,000 bushels fronl 190,502,000 acres, the quinquennial
åverage, The area under ,vheat in 1920 ,vas 2.7 p.c. less than in 1919
and 0.9 p. c. less than the five year average; the yield in 1920 ,vas 4.2
p.c. above that of 1919, but 0.5 p. c. less than the average. The
average yield per acre for the 32 countries ,vas 14.2 bushels, nearly a
bushel In ore than in 1919, and exactly equal to the five year
average.
Rye.-In 19 countries the production ,vas 445,449,000 bushels
from 26,424,000 acres in 1920, as compared ,vith 512,790,000 bushels
fronl 28,533,000 acres in 1919 and ,vith 574,612,000 bushels frotH
28,997,000 acres, the average. The area is less than that of 1919
by 7 .4 p. c. and less than the average by 8.9 p.c. ,vhilst the yield
for 16 countries is less than that of 1919 by 13.1 p.c. and les
than
the average by 22.5 p.c. The yield per acre is 16.9 bushels in 1920,
as against 18 bushels in 1919 and 19.8 bushels, the five year
average.
Barley.-The production in 26 countries ,vas 865,397,000 bushels
froln 38,276,000 acres in 1920, as against 759,884,000 bushels frorn
34,419,000 acres in 1919 and 88G
297,000 bushels froIIl 37,921,000

Ir()HLD'
PHODrrTIO.Y or CHHH.t/JS ..LYD POT t TOES J73

acre:;, the' fivp year tlverage. T'he proportion::: pcr cpnt :lrc for :tcr('-
:l!
P 11.2 abovc that of 1UU) and O.V al)()vl' thl\ :nerag<'; for yield
thpy an' 1;
.9 aho\"l' HqH hut 2.1 })('Io\\ tlH' averagp. l'IH' yiplds
per :H'r(' for all thp ('Olin trips nrp 22. ß hush<,l
in 1H20, 22.1 bu
hels
in lUl <) anù 23. -I hll:-;hels, the fivp ypar aVl'ra
e.
Oats.-'rhis ('('real in 27 <,o\lntri('
proùu<,cù, in 1920,
3, Ib4,0 lß,OOO hu
hel", frolH U3,3.)7,OOO acrps, as cOlnparpd ".it h
2,ß51,31-l.uOu bu
hcb frolli uU,397,uuO acrps in 1919 nnd ,yith
2,U
-l,
!)
.lJUU hU:5hel:; froln VU,917,UUU aerPb, th\> quinqu('nllial :tYC'r-
a
e. Thl' al"rea
P in If)20 Wa
thll:-\ 5.;{ p.c. ahove that of 1H19 and
-l.B p.c. aho\'(\ that of the avprag<'. rrhp yield wa
20 p.<'. al>o\'p
that of lUlU and (). 7 p.c. aho\"p av<,rag;p. Per a('f(', for all thl' <'Ollll-
trie:" the yil'ld ,va:oi 33. 1 Lu
IH'ls, as a
ain
t
Ù. 3 bu:-\hel
in 1U1 U and
22.b bu""hel
the' fi\re ypar a\rpragc. l'lu' ahundance of the uat CfOp
"a:, tin uut
tandil1g fpatuf{\ of the ".orld':-; harvpst of 1920. In Ino:-\t
countril':-\ both aefPagl\ and yidd wprl' well al>o\"p thai of thl' prpvious
ypar and al:-\o ahOVl' that of the th.e ypar a\"era
e.
(\)rn.-Fourtl'pn cO\lntrip
prodll<>pd 3,.)02,Oïü,000 bu...hels frolH
11&,Uül,000 tu.r('... in 1920, a
c0I11pare c l ,vith 3,153, 133,000 Lu
hph;
frolli 115,193,000 acre
in lUlU and \\.ith 3.0-11,423,UUU hushcl
from
122.137,000 acres, the quinquennial aVe'rnge. rrhe al'reagl\ \Vas ;
. 3
p.C'. ahove' that of 1019 a uti 2. () p.l". hl'lo". thp avprage; th(' yil'ld
\\'a
11.1 !J.e. ahovl' that of 1f)IH :lnd I,'}. 1 p.C'. abovf' avera
p. 1'he
y
dd per :l<,rt' WU:-\ 29.4 hu...hpl
in 1920, 27.4 hu
hel
in 1919 and

-1:. 9 hushd
, the averagl'. About 92 p.c. of the \vorId's corn crop
i
grown in the United States, ".here the corn harvest in 1 H20 '\'"n

exceptionally good.
Potatoe
.-The yield in 1U20 froln 18 cOllntri
8 Wa
2,ô8U,ö-l7,000
hushel
froln 20,34G 000 acrr
, as c0l11pared ,vith 2,301,816,000
bushel:-\ fronl 18,44H,OOO hu
hels in 1919 and ,vith 2,9:37,230,000
hushels froni 20,GS7,000 acrC:5, the five year average. The acreage
',"as 10.3 p.c. above that of 1919 and 1.6 p.c. belo\v average, ".hibt
the yield was lß. b p.c. above that of 1919 and 8.8 p.c. helow' average.
In yield per acre the crop ,vas 32.2 p.c. above 1919 and 42 p.c. ahove
average. Gerll1any, the ,yorld's largest potato gro,ver, no,v re-
appears in the international stati:-\tiC's. 1""he Gernutn potato crop in
1920 wu:-\ supprior to that of 1919 by 31..=) p.c. The yield per acre ,va"
163. 9 bu
hpl
a:; ag:lin
t 1-1:0. 6 bu
hels in 1919 and 180.1 bushels
the five year average.

1-"427-18

274

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tl EXPJ.:RIJIE.VT STATIO.'S

:..7

AfanC1.I..Tt'lt.\L ....XI.ERI'IE'T ST.\TI()X
UF {' \x.\n.\.

))omlnlon }'lperlnll'ntal Farms and
taflon
.
Central and Branch }1"arms. -Inaugura.ted in lððû hy \.ct of
Parlianll'nt, thp l)onlÌnioll Ex})erinH'ntal Fal'lll:'; f:,ysteln ".as
lt first
nUHle up of the ('l'ntrall'
arIn at Ott:nya Hud four oraneh rarnls: une
at :i\appan, Xovn brotia, for the :\Iaritilne Provinces; one at Brandun
for
lallitoha; one at Indian IIl'arl for the
ortlny(\st 1"erritories and
on(\ at .A\ga

il. for British Coluluhia.
Thp op('ning up find rapid
ettklnl'nt of thl' DonlÏnion h:\:-; 1('(1 to
a currl'
pollding in('rpa
(' in t h(\ 11 Ulll her of ExperinH'ntal Fanus and
Statiol1:;l. 1'hese with the two 'l'oha('("o
tations no"- total 2--l. with
a total averfige ofI2,18-1, as cOlupared ,vith the original fivp Farln
.
having n total u('rl'agp of :
, Ii:!,
l
l\
tahli:.-hed in 1 ððG. 'Tahle 5-1 :-,how

tlH
pn'sent IllllUbl'r of Fanus
llHl
tation
"ith tht' aerl'ag<, of (,:1('h and
the datf' (.f l'stahlishnH
nt.

5-1.-))omlnlon .:'lu'rlnU'ntal .'arm
and
tations, 1919.

Farm or
tßtion.

\entral Farm, Ottawa........
Kapuska...ing
tation........
Harrow Tohacco Station.
\hu.rlottdo\\ n
tation... ...
X appan Farm....
I,\:pntville f'tation. ..... .......... . .
Fredericton Sta.tion. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:-'te. \nnp df' In. ]>ocatièrc !:5tation. .
Cap Houl!f' !:5tation. . . . . . .
I ennon.i1le Rtation..... . . . .
La Fprme
ta.tion.. ..... .. ,
Farnham Tobacco
tation........... .. '1
Bra.ndon Farm. 1
Mordpn
tation........
Indian Hl'ad Farm.. . . . .
Ho
thern
tation.... .

cott Station. . . .. . . .
Swift Current, .
Lacombe
tation.. ..
Lethhridge
tation....
Im'ermere
tation.. ... .. . .
:-;ummerland Station.........
Agassiz Farm. . . . . . . . , . . . . , , .
Sidney Station, VancoU\"er Island......

I Date
Province. .AC'H'age. e!-tah-
lished.
()ntario.... . 467 1
.,6
Ontario... . 1,282 1916
Ontario.... . . . . .. 49 1909
l>rince Edward I
land.. ... 100 1909
X o,"a 8cotia. . . 460 18
6

ova :-\cotia. . . . . . 434 1912

c" BrunswIck........ . . 520 HH2
Quebcc. ,
40 1911
Quebec. _ 3:39 1911
Que b('c. . 4.15 1914
Quebec. . . . 1,200 1916
Quchf'c..... . iì5 1912

Ianitoba. . 62.) 1886
!\fanitoba. . . . . . 280 .915

a
katchpwan....... . 680 lS86

askatC'hcwan.. ... ... 6.10 190

:::askatcht-'wan. . . . . . . . 520 1910

ac;:katchewan. . . . . . . . . , 640 1920

\lberta. . .. . . 850 190,
.\lhcrta...... . . . . .... . 400 1906
British \olumbia. ... 53 HH2
Briti
h Columbia.... .. . 5.jO 1P14
BrItIsh Columbia. ... 1,400 1SS6
BritIsh Columbia......... 123 1912

. I

'1

'1

In addition there are pight
ub-
tations, viz.: Salmon \.rm. B.C.;

,ve(lf
Creek, ì
ukon Territory; Fort Y('nnilion, Grouard and Beavpr-
lodge, A.lLerta; and Forts t:mith, Resolution and Providence, N orth-
west Territories. Experimental ,york under the Division of Illu
tra-
tion btations is conducted on 15 farms in Sà
kat('he,van, 16 in \lberta
22 in Quebec, five in K e'\v Bruns,vick and six in X ova Scotia.

IThe five original farms established in 1886 are known a
"Experimental Farms";
those added 8ince are styled "Experimental Stations."
o distInction in the work is
c'\pre!'seù by these titles.

280

PRODLTCTION

Organ ization of the SYKtnn of ExperÙnental Fanns.- The Central
Farm at Otta,va, as its name implies, is the eentre or headquarters
of thp systEm. Thereat are situated the Director, having control
and general supervision of the whole, and the chief technical officers,
having charge each of his special line of work, both at the Central
and Branch Farms. .At Otta\va, the policy to be pursued through-
out the system is settled by agreement after discussion by the Direc-
tor, the technical officers and the superintendents on whose branch
Farms the \vork is to be conducted. The technical staff at Ottawa
supervise the actual experimental ,york at the Central Farm. At
the branches, the superintendents are in charge of the carrying out
of the various lines of general experiment and also conduct experi-
ments ,vhich are of local importance.
The Divisions at Otta\va, ,vhich also represent the different lines
of ,york carried on throughout the system, and which have each a
technical officer in charge, .are as follows: (1) Animal Husbandry;
(2) Bees; (3) Botany; (4) Cereals; (5) Chemistry; (6) Extension and
Publicity; (7) Economic Fibre Production; (8) Field Husbandry;
(9) Forage Plants; (10) Horticulture; (11) Illustration Stations;
(12) Poultry and (13) Tobacco. Briefly the main lines of the work of
these Divisions are as follo,vs:-
An'l.1nal Husbandry.-This Division comprises ,york \vith beef
cattle, dairy cattle and dairying, horses, sheep and swine, and under-
takes experiments in the breeding, feeding, housing and management
of eae h of these classes of live stock.
Bees.-The Bee Division covers the breeding, feeding and
manipulation of bees, and the study of bee products, including their
marketing.
Botany.-The work of this Division falls into two clabses
of Economic Botany and Plant Pathology. The former includes the
study of medicinal, poisonous and economic plants. Different
varieties and strains of fibre plants are abo studied, and special atten-
tion is given to the life history and control of ,vceds. The Division has
also charge of the Arboretum at. the Central Farm. In Plant Pathol-
ogy, in addition to the pathological laboratory at Otta,va, there are
laboratories at Charlottetown, P.E.I., Fredericton, N.B., St. Cathar-
ines, Ont., Brandon, 1Vian., and Indian Head, Sask. Investigations
are being conducted into diseases afft'cting forest trees, fruit trees,
cereals, small fruits, potatoes, vegetables and tobaccos.
Cereals.-In the Cereal Division, the ,york comprises the pro-
duction, by cross-breeding and selection, of new varieties of grains
and the testing of these as to their suitability for various parts of
Canada. Approved varieties are gro,vn on a larger scale, and samples
are distributed free to applicant farmers. Among the more recent
varieties produced in this Division and no'v widely gro\vn in Canada
are the Arthur pea and the Huron, l\larquis and Prelude 'wheats.
Two interesting varieties now being introduced are the Ruby wheat,
ripening not quite so early as Prelude but yielding better, and the

.1G/U
ULTUIlAL BX/)E1UJII'J'S1' ST
lTI()SS.

l

Lihprty TI\lll-Il'
s oat, ,yhieh
hould J!rl'atl
" ".idpn tht' fipld of u
rf\ll-
ne:,s of this c('rt'al and
iInplif'y the pro('(':-\
e
of it
luanufacturc into
food for luan and upa::st. 1'he l)ivision also earrics on extf'llsive n1Ïlling
and haking tt'8t:-..
Chl rni
try.-1"hp ,york of till' Divi::::ioll of ('hplni
try eOIllpriRPs
the analy:,is of f()(ld('r
and feeding 8tuff
, f('rtilizer
,
oil
, 'vpII ,vaters,
in:5('cticiùes, fungicides, etc. It abo u":5ists other Dh.isions in ehpluiral
problt'nl
and dut'
a largp nmoun t of ana Iytiral ".ork for ot IH'r hralle h('f;
of the ])ppartnH'nt and for lnilitary and eivilian u
(' ahroad. Field
tt'''t'-' ,vith various kinds and qualltiti('s of fprtiliz('rs are carried on
hy thi:-, ])ivision at .l n1.Buher of thp hranch rarm
and Statiolls.
l?xtl nsion and l
llb1icity.-l'his I)Ï\"i
ion al.ts a
a. l.onn('eting
link hetw('('n th(' ExpprinH'lltal Fann:-\ and the fanller hy nUlkin
the
,,'ork of the fornH'r a<.: ,yidply kno,,'n as po":::;ihlp. 'r,vo chief nH'ans
u
l\d arc the placing of an exhihit at a
Inany fairs a
po
:-.ihle each
yenr and t h(' ('xt('n
ion of t h(\ I)epart IIH'nt al Inailin
li
t:-..
FcolHnnic Fibre ]J1(1111.1.:.-1'h(' ])ivi
ion :-;tudieR thp af('a
ill
Canada suitable for fihrt, proclut'tion, thp IH.'st varieties and strains
of
('pd uf fibr{\ plant
. ('ultural 11lt,thod:-., haryp
ting, rptting and
"('1.Itchinf,!; proce
:-;('s, ('te. ...\. fully-equipped flax n1Ïll i
op('rat('d at
the Central FarIn.
Field llusballdry.-'l'his ])Ï\.ision te
ts or applies, under fi('ld
("ondition
. the result
obtained hy oth('r l)ivi
ion:-\ Inore (lil'(\(.tly
enga
('d in
t'i('ntifi(' re
('ar(' h. SOUl(' of t h(' luain line
of ,,'ork undt'l
way art' te:::;t
of fprtilizer
, IlH,thods of tlrainagp, rotation
and cultural
llH'thod:-.. ]Jata. of ('o
t of produetion of field ('rops an' gath('I"('(l in
("onlH'ction "ith thi
".ork.
Forage P1ants.-Thl' l)h.i
ion ha'" for it
,,'ork the varipty te
t-
ing of graì::):-i(,
. Ip
umin()u
fora
{\ plant
, field root
and Indian corn;
plant hn'l'din
,,'ith the
(,\; th(,\ colleetion of J,!;PIlPra and f'pl'ci(,8
likely to bl' of value as foragf' plant
; th('
tudy of th(' p()

ihiliti('s
and Inl,thods of gro,,'in
root set'd, including :-iugar beets, in Canada,
and the di
trihution for trial of
('('d of variptic8 newly ohtain('d and
not a vailahlt' eonlnH'reinlly.
1/ orticult ure.-1"he ,york of th(' Division of Ilorticultur(' falls
undpr four Inain headf;: vegetahle gardplling, orcharding and
mall
fruit::" onUlnlental gardening and plant brec(ling. In the thrèe first
IUlIlle(l, the testing of varíeties is a luain f ea ture, ,vith a vi(',v to
ascertainin
the hardie
t, earlif'st, best-yielding and most disease-
r('sistant ::sorts. In plant breeding, the aim is the improvement of
exi
ting sorts by cross-breeding. Greenhouf'e ,,'ork is also given

pecial attention at Ottawa. Canning experilnents and demonstra-
tions are carried on.
I1hlstratioll Stations.- Thi
Division forms another connecting
Hnk between the Expf'rilnelltal Farnls and the farm('r. These Stations
are no,y 6-1 in nunlber. Each is located on the farm of a represen-
tative farmer, ,,,ho does the ,york according to directions framed to
illu
tratl' the he
t rotations, the hest varieties of crops, and the best

282

PRODUCTIOJ.V

cultural methods, as determined by the ,york of years on the Experi-
mental Farms.
l)oultry.-The scope of ,york of the Poultry Division has been
greatly extended during the last fe\v years. It no'v covers the
follo\ving main lines of investigation: artificial and natural incubation,
poultry breeding, systems of breeding and rearing, production of
heavy-laying strains, feeding for ep;gs and table and housing of
poultry. Poultry survey \vork, i.e., the endeavour to get groups of
farmers in various localities to keep accurate records of their poultry
costs and returns, is already sho\ving results in the better housing,
breeding and care of the farm flock. Egg-laying contests and record
of performance ,york are carried on.
Tobacco.-The Tobacco Division deals .with the breeding,
variety tests and cultural methods, the ,varehousing and marketing
of tobacco. A complete analysis of the soils of the tobacco-producing
regions of Canada is being made. During the gro,ving season, in-
spectors examine the tobacco fields of as many gro\vers as possible,
\vith a vie\v to suggesting the best cultural methods and means of
combating diseases and insect pests.
In addition to the "Tork done by the Division of Extension and
Publicity and Illustration Stations, the results of the \vork of the
Experimental Farms are made available to the farmer (1) by cor-
respondence; (2) by publications; (3) by "Seasonable Hints," no'v in
its sixth year, a 16-page pamphlet brought out every four months,
\vith a circulation of above 300,000; and (4) by articles in the press.
The Farm officers devote considerable time each year to lecturing,
demonstrating, judging at fairs and assisting at Short Courses in
Agriculture. Excursions to the various Farms are also H valuable
means of bringing the work to the attention of the farmer.

Provincial Experimental Farms and Stations.

N OV A SCOTIA.

College of Agriculture, Truro.-About 430 acres are devoted
to general farming, gardening and investigations. Conducted pri-
marily as a college and distributing station for pure-bred live stock
and seeds, investigational ,york does not occupy so prominent a
position as it does at a purely experimental station. Nevertheless,
practical experiments are being carried on amongst which the follo\ving
are the most important. Nine years' experiments ,vith ground
limestone have given variable results, but the clover catch has been
markedly improved on the poorer lands. Club root in turnips,
cabbage, etc., has been ahnost perfectly controlled. Upon a run-out
fann purchased in 1917, experiments are being conducted with basic
slag, acid phosphate, bone meal, ground limestone and with the
addition to all these of nitrate of soda. On the saine land an experi-
lnent has been established to ascertain the returns of potatoes from
applications of potash. On all these lands no barnyard manure is

H,JUCl.;L'J'(;R.tL EX !JHRIJfR.Y1' STA 1'IOXS

2sa

heing used; and an attelupt is being luadc to òenlon
tratp the pûs::,i-
hilit) of hringing in land by thp u
e of conllnercial fertilizers and of a
triennial rotation durin
"hich a. ('lovcr bOq i
0}1('(' plou
h('d unòf'r.
A pennanent pasture expcriUlent ,vas hegun seven ypars ago to
dl'tf'rn1Ïnp the value of top dre
sing ,vith btlsic
l'a{2:, al'id pho:--phat

and "-ood a
h(':;. Exp<,riIllC'uts to detennine the f<,rtilizing value
of a crude salt nlÌncd at ...\Ialagash have givcn J.!,ood results for Inan-
(Told.;; and ill SOH1C C:l
e
abo for grain crops. 1'hrec cla
:;e
of silagp
erops are heing, tried undf'r identical condition:;, viz., ('orn, SUll-
fio,vcrs and t. 0.' .P." (the College Balnc for a Inixture of oats, peas
and vetche
). fhe valup of the Û.\".P. nlÏxture ib no,v thoroughly
proved undf'r X ova Hcotia cundition
.
nl1flo\\ ers have g.iven
g:ood result.... for on(' year; hut eorll has proved very variahlc. _Field
and gardl'n expCrilll('nts havp bho,vn good re
ult:) frolll thc use of
hOlllC gro,,-n oat:-\, "heat, turnips and tOIllatuc
) as cOlnparcù with
:,eed of tlH.':-\l' crop
J.!,rown pl
ewhere. ExpC'rilllents have 1)('en started
in thp control of the l'abbagc root Inaggot, and with insects affecting
orchard fruits, earrots and othC'r vl'{2:etabll':-j. rfhe ('ahhag(' root
Illag-g-ot i::; now p('rf('('tly ('ontrolled, but further "-ork reIllains to he
done ,vith othcr root and Vt'g 'tahle pc
ts. In the Poultry Depart-
IHent CXpl'riIIll'nt
are heing tonductcd ,vith variou
kind::) of feetl,
\\ ith tll(' u:'c of <,lcet rie lig.ht in laying; pellS durin
thf' ,,-inter and
,vith variou:-- :5trains of poultry. l)ctaib of the College pxp
riInpntal
work, ineludin
re:;ult:-- ohtained, arC' publbhed in the ..Annual H('port
of thp
(,l'retary for .Ag,ril'ulture for the provinc('.

QrEllEC.

:\lacdonald Colle
e, Ste. Anne de Bellevue.-l'he CollC'ge
is
ituated about 20 llliles ,vcst of :\Iontreal and is incorporated ".ith
::\IcGill University. 'I'he College property comprises 7hû acres
divided as follo,vs: Inain farm, 584 acres; cereal husLandry plots,
75 acres; poultry departnlent, 17 acres; orchard, 35 acres; VCE!e-
table gardens, 25 acres; the canlpus, including drive".ays, la,vns,
trees,
hrubs, flo,,-erbeds, school garden and recreation fields for
:,tudl'nt::; of both 8exes, 50 acres. The agricultural engineering,
anÍ1nal hu::;bandry, bacteriology, botany, cereal husbandry, chemistry,
horticulture, physics, poultry, zoology and entomology department

are all ,veIl equipped for the nUlllerous researches and experiluents
under \'"ay. ::\Iore conlplctC' information respectIng the work of the
College \vill be found on record in Canada Year Book of 1916-17, pp.
241-242 and 1918, pp. 235-237. The annual report of the College
and the annual announceluent f'hould be con
ulted.
Oka ..:\.
ricultural Institute.-This, situated on the Lake of
T,vo ::\Iountains, about 20 miles frolll :\Iontreal, is one of the oldest
e:xperimental farms in Canada, ànd is fitted to board 150 pupils.
...\ large nUlnber of dairy cattle is kept, and experinlental 'work is
carried on ,,-ith thpse and ,vith s,,,ine, poultry and bees. Horticulture
i::; practised largely; the growth of apples and slnall fruits is a specialty.

284

PRODUCTION

The famous Oka cheese, made at this Institute, is sold widely in North
America. The Institute ,vas affiliated to the Laval University (no,v
University of l\Iontreal), on l\larch 25, 1908.
School of Agricultu.re, Ste. Anne de la Pocatière.-The
School is situated on the southeastern side of a shady hill from which
it overlooks large farms and homesteads. Being less than one mile
from the Intercolonial raihvay station, it is easily accessible, and
attracts hundreds of visitors desirous of acquiring information. btu-
dents are divided into two classes: (1) pupils of the Agronomy Course,
,vho are under instruction for four years, and (2) pupils of the Agri-
cultural Course, ,vho receive a special practical training of two years.
The School is affiliated to the Laval University of Quebec,\vhich awards
the degree of B.S.A. (Bachelor of Science in Agriculture) to successful
students of the first class. Other successful students receive a Certi-
ficate of Agricultural Proficiency (Brevet de Capacité Agricole).
Outside the School, short courses are held in different parishes of
Lo,ver Quebec, and special courses are provided for farmers at the
School itself. Addresses, demonstrations and instruction in farm
n1anagement are undertaken by the professors as ,veIl as various
cultural experin1ents and mechanical trials.

ONTARIO.

Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm,
Guelph.- The College and Experiment Station ,vere established
in 1874 to train young farmers in the science and practice of agriculture
and to conduct agricultural experiments for the benefit of the province.
The land property consists of a little more than 700 acres of average
loaln ;soil. The fann property consists of 500 acres: experimental
plots of about 100 acres and campus and \yoodlots form the remainder.
The gro\vth of the institution as an educational centre has been very
rapid. AcadenlÌc work at the present tilne requires the space and
equipment of sixteen large buildings for dormitories, class rooms and
laboratories. Courses offered include a four year course for the
degree of B.R..A.. (Bachelor of Science in _\.griculture), a t,vo-year
course for the ....\..ssociate Diploma, \vinter courses for farmers and
farmers' sons, sun1mer courses for teachers of the province and dOlnes-
tic science courses at l\Iacdonald Institute. The teaching and experi-
mental staff consists of about seventy-five Inen1bers. In 1874 the
College opened \vith 28 students. The total enrolnlent in long and
short courses in the academic year 1919-20 was 2,386. lVlore cornplete
information respecting the researches and experimental \vork under-
taken at the College \vill be found on record in the Canada Year Book
of 1916-17, pp. 243-245, and 1918, pp. 238-241. Also reference may
be made to the Forty-sixth Annual Report of the College, covering the
year 1920.

l\IANITOBA.

Manitoba Agricultural College, Winnipeg.-Field husbandry
experiments are .conducted in three divisions: (1) Forage Crop

.tGR/rL L1'l'R...IL E)';PPRIJfEST STA T/(J'yS

2S;'')

IInproVPlncnt; (2) Cpreal rrop IUlprovt'lueIlt; and (3)
oil and Crop
l\IanaJ.!,PIJlPnt. Thl''' ork of t hp Fora
C' Crop IIllprovPIIll'nt l)ivi
ion
ha
for its objt'ct till' produetion and inlprov(,IlH\nt of plant

uitahle
undl'r
[anitoha conditions for pasture and hay and foddpr purpo
p
.
Y'ariptil's :uHI strail1
of forag<" crops havp hepn iIllported froln the
(Tnitpd
tate
and Europl'an ('ountri{':-\. and illlprov<'nH'Ilt is l)('inp;
ohtain{'d by
clc 'tiOB and hybridization. rrhc luajor invpstigation,
an' hf'ing conductc(l ,,,it h alfalfa and red clover, hut
OIne ,vork is
abo hl'ing donp ,,'it h
".Pl't elovl'r, t iIllothy, \\ l'stprn ry<', hroIH<'::;
Illl'ado"r fl'
ru(' and 1I1cado\\' fo"Xtail. 1 'rofit ahh' resul t
have been
ohtained in thp ilnprovelllcnt of fodd("r c()rn, csp('('ially hy
peuring
early Inaturing strain:-\. Thp rerpal Crop IIIlprovpnH'ld [)ivi
ion
ha:-; for it
ohje('t thp iUlprovellH'nt of thp ('('r('al ('rop
of :\lanituha.
Thp ".ork undcr way COJ1
i
t=-, of the tl-:-\ting and cla

ifi('a tion of ('ercal
variptip
with a vie" to
taIHlardizati()n. 1'h(, erop
uIld<'r study are
wlH'at, oats, barlpy, flax,
pring and fall ry(', p<\as and hu('kwhpat.
Introductions of ccreal
hav' b 'en Illude fronl variou-; parts of thf'
world, and splpctiolls haYl' h('('n Toadt' which pronLÏ:-\(1 to lw uf valup.
I-lyLridi
ation for iIllprOYCllll'nt i:-\ al:-\o followpd, and ::-,onH' prolni:,in

cro

e:-- arp no," under tc
t. In thc
oil and ('rop .:\1 anagl'IlH'nt
Divi:,ion the :-\oil TIHlIlaf,!;t'1Ttt'nt projpct
include hoil rC'llo\ratioll anù

oil eultivutioll expt'rinH'nts. Tht" ('rop Inanagl'nH'nt projl'('t
include
experinlPnt
in ccrcal l'rop 1ll:\.nagPIlH'nt, })<'f('unial and annual forag p
("rop TI1ana
t'HH'nt, hoed crop nlan
l
pn}('nt and croppin
H'qupn("e.
SOIHe ,,'ork i:-\ al:-\o hping donp in
ilag(' :lIHI in a:-\(.t'rtaining the carryinp;
capacity of thp gras'e
and clover::; ,,'hen u,-,pd for pasturf'.
l'he Departolent;:, of Botany, IIortif'ulture,
\nilnal Jlushandry,
rhysi(":-;. CIH'lni:4ry and EnCTinl'pring :lrp al:-\o doing ("onf;idprahle
in ye:-\tiga t ional ,nu.k.

SASKATCHE\\'A.X.

University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.-T'hc College of
Agriculture ha.s over 1,
00 acrp:-\ of land at thp University and another
I)(>O
H'r<'
about
.=) nlÏle:-- di
t[lnt ,,-hich ,vprC' ht'quf'athed to thf' College
hy a pioneer :-\t'ttler, an t'x-:,tudent of the Univer
it:r of Call1bridge,
England. Of the 1,300 aerp
, 210 aerc::; are
et aside for experimental
"ork in field hu:--bandrv and horticulturl'. T,vo hundrpd and Sf'vpntv
acres of prairie 'n:'rl' pur('ha
pd in 1nlg, 100 [lcrf'S of which have bee

broken for the Ficld IIu-.;bandry Dcpartolent. The rcmaining 800
acres are operated tl.
a gen<'ral fann ,vith gn>at diver:-\ification of crops.
The buildingH, paddocks, etc., are locatf'd on an adjoining half :,ection
of land designated as the calnpus or building plot. The College offers
a four year course leading to thp Degree of Bachelor of Science in
.A..griculturf' (B.B.A.), and a three ypar associate cour:;e for fanners'
sons in tending to nUlke fanning their life ,,"ork. Short courses in
general agriculture, tillage, crop;::" live stock, poultry, dairying and
engineering, are held for adult farmers during the ,,-inter months, both
at the Coll(>ge and at variou
points throughout the provinrp.

286

PRODUCTIOIV

Practical experinlents are undertaken in the departments of field
and animal husbandry, as \vell as a variety of scientific investigations
in the departments of chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, etc.

ALBERTA.

College of Agriculture, Edmonton South.-A College of
.Agriculture has been established at the new University of Alberta,
Edmonton South. Students completing two years at either of the
six provincial Schools of Agriculture (situated at Claresholm, Olds,
Vermilion, Gleichen, Raymond and Youngstown), enter the College
for a three-years' course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Agriculture. At these schools experiments are in progress to ascer-
tain the varieties of cereals, grasses, clovers, alfalfa, forage, vegetables,
roots, tubers, fruits, flo,vers and trees that will grow most successfully
in the district. Tests with dates, rates and depths of seeding grain are
under way. Such cultural methods as the following are under trial:
Sun1mer-fallow versus intertilled crops, wheat seeded in ground not
ploughed; oat stubble disced seeded; oat stubble fall ploughed seeded to
wheat; spring plough oat stubble and fall plough oat stubble seeded to
oats; stubble burned seeded to "rheat and pastured to oats; fall plough,
pack, in fall, harrow and seed in spring; fall plough in fall, harrow and
seed in spring; fall plough, harrow in fall, pack, harrow and seed
next spring; spring plough, pack and seed; spring plough, harrow
and seed; spring plough, harrow, pack and seed. In summer-fallo,v
treatment the following are under test: Plough shallow in June,
cultivate as required; plough deep in June, cultivate; plough August
1, cultivate; plough deep in June and merely clip the weeds, no
cultivation; plough deep in June and leave the weeds to grow; plough
deep in June, harrow, leave untilled; plough deep in June, harrow,
leave untouched until September, then disc and harrow. In rotations
the following are under test: Wheat, oats and barley seeded to
(timothy), (red clover and alsike), oat green feed for hay, pasture
and summerfallow; hay, pasture, oats, barley (seeded to timothy,
red clover and alsike); wheat, oat green feed, barley (seeded to
timothy and western rye), hay, and pasture; ,vheat, oat green feed,
barley (sweet clover and alsike); wheat, oats, barley, (timothy and
,vestern rye), pasture, green feed (oats); hay, hay, pasture, oats, oats,
barley (seeded to timothy and ,vestern rye), hay, pasture, green feed
(oats); oats, "\vheat, summerfallo,v; oats, barley, summerfallow;
oats, wheat, barley, summerfallow; oats, sumn1erfallow; oats, barley,
sweet clover and alsike; wheat, wheat, summerfallow; continuous
summerfallo","; wheat continuously manured in four years at 10
tons per acre; wheat continuously ; oats continuously; barley con-
tin
ously; alfalfa continuously; brome continuously.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.

Department of Agriculture.-The experinlents conducted by
the Department of Agriculture include investigations in the three
branches of Horticulture, Plant Pathology and Soils and Crops.

JGR/('CLTCR lL EXJ>E/UJ/ rs r ST.\ TIO.YS

S7

In the IIortirultural ]
ran('h, ex}>prhnent" on the control of the

tra,,'bl'rry Hoot '\
PPvil (Otiorhynch'lls uvatlls Linn.) have heen Inade
at Gordon IIead.
ix aere:5 of land in the centre of the stra,yberry
'-;l'l"tion ,yerc leased for a period of six year
, and on this piece of land
trop rotation and harrier ".ork is bC'ing conducted. 1"he results up
to the present have been very 8ati
fartory. Fall appliration of
nurd
aux mixture 3-4-10, appliefl ,,'henevrr po........ible before the fall
rain

tart, have given excellent rpsult", against
\.nthracllose on
apples (.l.Vcofabræa mal-icorticis).

x}>('riln('nt:-; on apple scab in
the J{ootenays, conducted near Xel:-\on, "howed that ,yeak nordf'ttux
nlÌ:\.turf', ".ith :l lar
e exc(':--:-) of lilne, :,uch as ha
recently been recoln-
Inended in the .:\faritinu' J"roviIH.l':-\, gay(' e'X("plh'nt ("ontrol, ,vith
littlc d:unagc to the fruit by ru.......;etin
. 'rhe foliage of the trf'OS
:-\prayed ".ith this m
lterial ".a.5
ibo of better !-lizc and colour. \Vith

IcInto....h Beds tllt're was SOllle indiea t ion of the yi<,ld ah.o h('in

incrpased. but thi
".a
not the ('a
· with X orthl'rn bpie
and l\:ing:-:.
l
onh':1ux dust ah"o ga.Yp goud r{,::5u1t
, hut :5ulphur dust prov("'d
unsati
fttctory. I)ry linlP
ulphur "as abo tt':-\tf'd \vith
om
,yhat
inconclu
ivc re::5ults, thc indication:-\ bl'inJ.!., howpyer, that it i:, less

ati:-\factory than the liquid {OrIH. rrhp ritt
leado,v::; Delllonstration
riot ,,'hieh has becn operated during thc I>a
t f{'\y years ,Y:tS again
carried on during the sea
OIl of 1920. 'rhe ,york undertak('n ".as
sinlÎlar to that of other years, except that a larger nUlnber of yaricties
,ypre tested out, and e:\.lwrinlcl1Ìal potato
praying "as cOlnnlenced.
1'he varietal tests proved valuable and ,vill he earried on IH'Xt year.
1"1H..' ,,"ork of the rit1 ':\10ado".s Dcnlonstration Plot ,vas cOllunenced
in the fall of 1916 for the follo"ing rt'a
on:-;: (1) nn
ati
factory résults
,,"pre being obtained fronl the' soil in that locality; (2) to find out
,,
hat crops ,,-ere the Hlost
uitable to the district. The results
so far obtained clearly denlonstrate that
ati
fa.ctory crops of ,vheat,
oats, corn and potatoes can he grown, provided that the land be ,vell
underdrained, that lilne to counteract acidity and fannyard lllanure
bc applied.
lTnh"ersity of British Columbia.-Con:-,iderable progress
has been nlade "ith the clearing and preparation of land for ex peri-
nlellÌal and general farm purpo
es. 1'he investigational re:-\ults
obtained by the Departruents of ...\gronolny and Horticulture are
beron1Îng increa.;;;ingly valuable, especially for fanners and gardeners
cultivating upland coast
oils. In the Department of Aninlal Hus-
handry, excellent foundation stock h
l:-- been purchased, consisting
of Jerseys, Ayrshires, Shorthorns and Herefords. Thp University
has also acquired good Yorkshire and Berkshire pigs and 80uthdo,vn,
Shropshire and Oxford Down sheep. Departlnents of dairying and
poultry have been organized, and are carrying on investigational and
instructional ,york. In addition to the teaching and investigational
,,"ork at the Univer
ity, the melnbers of the Faculty of Agriculture,
in co-operation ,vith the DOlninion and Provincial Governments, have
orgal}ized and conducted considerable extension ".ork throughout the
prOVInce.

288

...

PRODUCTION

FORESTRY.
Up to and including the year 1916 the annual statistics of forest
products ,vere collected and published by the Forestry Branch of
the Department of the Interior. For the calendar years 1917, 1918
and 1919, the statistics in Tables 55-60 have been collected and
cOlnpiled by the DOlninion Bureau of Statistics in collaboration ,vith
the Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior, and have
formed part of the annual Census of Industry. The three diagrams
on page 289 illustrate graphically by provinces, the production in
Canada during 1918 and 1919 (1) of pulp,vood, (2) of ,vood pulp and
(3) of paper. To the statistics of production have been added t,vo
tablef' sho,ving (Table 61) the quantity and value of exports of ,vood
pulp, by countri
s, for the fiscal years 1915-20 and (Table 62) the
quantity and value of ,vood, blocks ànd other, exported to the
United States for the fiscal years 1904-20.

S5.-Quantities and Values of the cut of Lumber, Shingles and Lath by Provinces,
1917, 1918 and 1919.

Province.

Quantity. Value.

Lumber.

Shingles.

Quantity . Value. Quantity . Value.

1917. l\I ft. b.m.
Ontario. .. .... . . . . . . . . .. 1,110,264
British Columbia. .. .... 1,191,712
Que bec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827,574
New Brunswick.. .. 593,497
Nova Scotia....... . . . 236,710
Saskatchewan.. . . . . . . . . 88,375
Manitoba........ ...... 54,246
Alberta... ............. 33,627
Prince Edward Island. . 6,896
Total......... _. -t,H2,871
1918.
Ontario........ . . .. . . . . .
British Columbia.......
Quebec. . . . . . ., ........
New Brunswick........
Nova Scotia....... ...
Saskatchewan.... ..... .
Manitoba.............. .
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prince Edward Island. .
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,110,062
1,157,636
841,084
442,625
176,332
75,835
54,047
22,388
6,393
229

Total........ . .. 3,886,631
1919.
Ontario.... .. . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columbia.......
Quebec..... .. . .... . .. . .
Kew Brunswick........
Nova Scotia....... .....
Saskatchewan..... .....
Manitoba...... . . . . . . . . .
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prince Ed ward Island - .
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total.. ..

940,199
1,175,151
884,612
497,593
225,074
42,452
30,353
26,173
8,971
253

3 830 831

$
25,438,449
22,109,301
16,718,726
11,216,326
4,404,109
2,036.029
962,146
536,927
125,309

M
74,423
2,390,402
276,024
237,405
14,329
20,695

$
249, 801
6,606,875
776,717
670,723
37,560
73,265

60
7,618

120
16,154

83,517,322 3,020,956 8,431,215

34,168,754 52,393 183,728
28,351,207 2,162,184 6,641,174
20,916,604 249,160 775,058
12,189,312 170,486 512,812
4,092,039 19,138 49,633
2,122,307 - -
1,240,052 - -
473,694 212 577
136,336 1 8,948 21,466
10,315 - -
103,700,620 2,662,521 8,184,418

33,671,334 97,573 477,269
32,540,244 2,150,63010,360,099
30,195,646 312,926 1,346,146
16,477,477 329,318 1,248,623
6,262,745 15,677 59,859
1,326,688 - -
937,679 160 1,280
696,518 525 4,375
238,687 8,340 26,694
12,680 - -I
122 359 718. 2 915 H9 U 52.t,:U5

NOTE.-M ft. b.m. signifies 1,000 feet board measure.

Lath.

M $
225,410 774,152
42,679 116,557
83,714 248,775
185,034 544, 169
32,154 98,981
176 777
13,793 32,633
3,235 1 9,707
754 2,267
616,949, 1,828,018

148,999
49,741
78,633
117,521
16,459
17,244
8,698

506,516
179,041
214,711
328,554
41,639
73,490
22,764

705

2,901

438,100 1,369,616

673,381
203,298
500,327
636,058
65,974
41 , 245
32,618
425
4,432

163,582
45,748
134,035
144,820
15,261
7,856
7, 557 1
100
1,244 1
-I
52U 203 1 2,157,758

FORESTR1

2
9

nl.a1rrams Illustratlllø' tlu" .'al)l'r-maklll r Ilulustr).

PULPWOOD CONSUMPTION BY PROVINCES 1918-9
PROVINC
5 HUNDRED THOUS^NDS 01'" CORDS
CORDS J
J 4 5 6 "1 B 9 10 11
QUEBEC { /9/9
/76,134
191ð I,OðS,41B
ONTAR10 { 1919 840,8"6,
I
1918 184,691
BRITISH COLUMBIA
/gI9 .ílSO,.Jjtl
1918 2/8,714
NEW BRUNSWICIC !/9/9 140,601 - -
1918 IIO,I.H

NOVA SCOTIA 1 '919 20,"5 :r
1918 11,6613

PULP MANUFACTURED BY PROVINCES 1918-9
PROVINCES HUNDRED THOUSANDS Of TONS
TONS .1 2- 3 A- S 6 '1 B
QUfBEC 1'9/ 9 B 3 1 .29 t
I I I I i

1918 802.030
I I
f 19 I 9 S 91,8z
ONTARIO 19/B j 0
,J6 .
"'''''''/'''AY/'''///'''
V/////h
/////MU/////A.
BRITISH COLUMSIA 1 /9/9 19 4 ,126
1911l I 1.3,16 I
NEW BRUNSWICK 1 '9'9 "15,186 -
191B 66,6/.9

NOVA SCOTIA {/9'9 I ",65
.
19/ð 10,1)1'"

PAPER PRODUCED BY PROVINCES 1918-9
PROVINCES HUNDRED THOUSANDS Of TONS
TONS .J 2- 3 4 5 6 7 8
ONTARIO {'919 49B,'19:l
19/5 4;l.
/2B
QUEBEC
/919 45i>./J3
/9/8 4 I !J,9
BRITISH COLUMBIA
/919 1.35.3 I
1918 1;?
,516 CANADA VE:AR BOOK /9Z.0
" I

18427-19

290

PRODUCTION

56.-Total Consumption and Yalue of Pulpwood, 1908-19.

Total Total Total Total
Year. Consump- Val ue. Year. Consump- Value.
tion. tion.
Cords. $ Cords. $
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482,777 2,931,653 HH4............. . 1,224,376 8,089,868
1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622,129 3,464,080 1915. ............. 1,405,836 9,426,217
1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598,487 3,585,154 1916............. . 1,764,912 13,104,458
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672,288 4,338,024 1917. . . . . . . . . " . 2,104,334 18,817,483
1912.. ... .. . . . . . . . . 866,042 5,215,582 1918. . . . . . . . . .. . . . 2,210,744 24,886,475
1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109,034 7,243,368 1919............. . 2,428,706 31,347,686

57.-Quantities and Valu('s of Wood us('(I in the Manufacture of Pulp, 1917-19.

I
I ,y ood Average Pulp N urn ber
Province. I used. Val ue. Value per Produced. of firms
cord. reporting.
1917. Cords. $ $ cts. Tons. No.
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,109,869 9,551,432 8.60 784,250 25
Ontario..... . ., " . ........... . 735,61)1 7,430,355 8.10 489,488 16
X ew Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,586 733,482 6.95 58,340 5
:Kova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,374 133,451 7.26 20,355 5
British Columbia.. . . . . . . . . . . . 134,814 968,763 7.19 111,875 5
Total ................ 2.101,334 18,817,483 8.91 1,464,308 56
1918.
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,085,478 11,061,191 10.19 802,030 27
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ . . . . . . . 784,691 10,395,717 13.25 505,366 21
X ew Brunswick. . . . . . _ . . . 110,133 920,854 8.36 66,619 5

ova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . 11 , 668 73,816 6.32 10,017 5
British Columbia.. . . . . .. .. 218,774 2,434,897 11.13 173,161 6
Total. . . . . .. . - . . . 2,210, 'H4 2!,886,475 11.26 1,557,193 64:
___I
1919.
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,176,134 13,830,734 11.76 831,291 29
Ontario..... . .. .. . ..... . . . .,. . 840,856 13,113,794 15.60 597,827 22
X ew Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140,607 1,459,942 10.38 75, 186 5
Nova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,751 153,519 7.40 17,659 5
British Columbia.. . . . . . . . . . . . 250,358 2,789,697 11.15 194,126 5
Total. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 2 428 706 31 347 686 12.91 1 716 089 66

58.-Kinds of \\'ood used in the Manufacture of Pulp by Quantities and Values
1917, 1918 and 1919.

S
B
H
P
Ja
A

1917. 1918. 1919.
Kinds of
Wood.
A ver- ..

Ter- A ver-
Quantity. Value. age Quantity. Value. a
e Quantity. Value. age
Value. Vaue. Value.
Cords. $ $ cts. Cords. S $ cts. Cords. $ S cts..
pruce. . . .. . . . 1,678,656 14,711,131 8.76 1.638,733 18,887,125 11.53 1,787,868 23,353,694 13.06
alsam Fir... 309,515 3,040,396 9.92 447,243 4,604,987 10.29 480,636 6,290,132 13.09
emlock. ... 101,321 950,175 9.38 89,007 1,038,867 11.67 118,013 1,221,222 10.35
oplar. . . . . . . . 25,168 43,647 8.45 9,885 100,987 10.22 7,228 98,413 13.61
ck Pine..... 2,850 25,650 9.00 25,851 254,384 9.84 15,402 149,844 9.73
11 other. . . . . 6,824 46,484 6.81 25 125 5.00 19,559 234,381 11.98
Total......l2,104,334j18,817,483 1 8.94
,210,744 24,886,475 11.26 2,4
8,706 31,347,686 12.91

FORFSTRY

2ul

59. - Quantitlt;
of \\ood
ed and of I'ulp manufactured, 1915-1919.

"OOD USED.

Process
of

Ianufaeturc.

Iechanical.... . . . . . . .1915
HIl6
HH7
191

HHtI
Sulphite............ HH5
1916
Inl7
IHII)
191

ulphate. . . .. . , . . . . HH5
1916
1917
1915
1919
:-'Olla................ .1915
1916
l!H7
1918
1919
A 11 proee
!'1(,s. . . . . . . . . . 1915
1916
1917
HHS
1919'

Quebec.

1'\ {' W British
Ontario. Bruns- r\ova Colum- Total.
\\ if' k.
('otia. bia.
Cords. Cortls. Cortls. Cords. Cord
.
2"7,S
5 8,34-1 20,870 41,111 743,776
308,416 7, 154 14,437 48,313 827,25S
- - - - 9H4,479
2
n, 767 6,825 11. 668 73,699 872,724
364,6bl 7,635 20,751 74,3(H 1,010,457
212.

W 107,49S - 49.4
4 nO.949
309,060 72,440 - 60,6R4 727,945
- - - - 855,4S9
470,276 77.290 - 119,6!19 1,045,057
456. f\66 102, 106 - 158,572 1, 127, ß5fl
20,noo - - - 1
4,Sl1
20,136 - - - 201,954
- - - - 274,646
21,lf\7 26,018 -
5,376 285,IU4
16,970 30,866 - 17,425 2SI,3ûO
- - - - 6,300
- - - - 7,755
- - - - 9,720
1,461 - - - 7,7û9
2,339 - - - H,230
4S0,627 115,S42 20,870 90,535 1,405,83û
637, G12 79,.394 14,437 108,997 1,764,912
- - - - 2,104,334
784,691 110,133 11 , ÜÜS 218,774 2,210,744

40,85ü 140,ü07 20,751 250,358 2,4
8,706

Cords.
425,626
448,938
4
S,7(j5
543,0
9
101, 225
2S5, 761

377,792
410,115
164,f\11
1f\1,8IS

212,ú13
216,O!H)
6.300
7,755

6,30S
6,S!H
(j!Ji, fl62
924,272
I,O'"-5,47f,
1,176,134

X OTE.-For 1917, statistics arc not availaLll' by provinc{'s.

PULP l\UXCFAcrt;RED.

Pro('('
s
of

Ianufa('turc.

X('W British
Que bec. Untario. Brun.....
ova Colum- Total.
wÍ<.k
('otia. bia.
Ton
. Ton
. Ton
. Ton:--. Tons. Ton
425,626 247,S
5 8,344 20,870 41,111 743,7
44b, 93." 30b,416 7,154 14,437 48,313 827,2
519,
91 31O,6:?O 7,245 20,35.'> 65,620 92J,7
466,355 277,922 6,46:3 10,017 91 , 58
879,5
515,457 351,572 6,447 17,659 99,767 990,9
50,612 106,401 5:3,749 - 24, 712 235,4
142 , 8
0 154,530 36,220 - 30,342 363,9
14S,
5t1 165,173 43,00ti - 43,392 400,4
180,972 216,255 30.766 - 66,329 494,3
185,494 235,122 56,612 - 84,887 562,1
82,405 10,000 - - - 92,4
90,909 1O,06b - - - 100,9
111 ,924 12,981 8,086 - 2,863 135,8
124,507 10,459 29,390 - 15,244 179,6
126,945 9,931 12,127 - 9,472 158,4
3, 150 - - - - 3,1
3,877 - - - - 3,8
3,576 560 - - - 4,1
3,031 730 - - - 3,7
3,395 1.202 - - - 4,5
561,793 364,226 62,093 20,870 65,823 1,074,8
686,604 473,014 43,374 14,437 78,655 1,296,0
784,250 489,488 1 58,340 20,355 111,875 1,464,30
802,030 505,366 6û,619 10,017 173,161 1,557,1
831,291 597,827 75, 186 17,659 194,126 1,716,0

s.
76
58
31
10
02
74
72
33
22
15
05
77
54
00
75
50
77
36
61
97
05
84
8 1
93
89

)Iechani('al..... 1915'
HH6'
HH7,
1918.
1919 1

u]phite.... . .1915.
1916
191;
HHR!
1919.
Sulphate. . . . . . . .1915,
1916
1917 1
191>;
1919;
Soda. . . . .1915,
1916.
1917 1
1918.
1919 1
All processes....... . . .1915
1916.
191íl
1918.
1919,
llncludes 154 tons described as other fibre.
18.t?7-19

.

292

PRODUCTlOX'

GO.-Production of Paper by Provinces, 1917, 1918 and 1919.

Province.

1917.

1919.

1918.

Ontario..................................... .
Quebec....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columbia.. . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .

Tons.
383,555
391,130
79,004
853,6
9

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tons.
425,228
419,980
122,516
967,724

Tons.
498,792
456,133
.. 135,310

1,090,235

61.-Exports from Canada of Wood Pulp, by Countries, in the fiscal years 1915-1920.

1915.

Kinds.

A ver-
age
Quantity. Value. value
pe1"
cwt.

Chemical pulp- cwt. $
United Kingdom............... 450 800
United States.................. 2,289,661 4,550,196
Japan........................... 133,071 252,707
Other countries..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,146 2,919
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,4
4,328 4,806,622

_Mechanical pulp-
United Kingdom............... 2,195,036 1,495,521 0.68
United States.................. 3,855,266 2,893,618 0.75
.France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 113,400 70,400 0.62
Other countries.................

1Potal.................... 6,163,702 , 1,459,539 0.72
1917.
Chemical pulp-
United Kingdom............... 668,750 2,677,923 4.00
United States.................. 3,952,58011,107,819 2.81
Japan.............. .... ...... . .. 100,426 204,417 2.04
Other countries................ 12,241 42,761 3.49
Total ................... l 733 997 140329"0 2.96

, , , ,

494,474 379,488
5,495,221 5,487,424
626,285 471,040
35,934 33,181
G,651,914 16,371,133
1919.
140,364 611,399
7,414,825 26,256,265
639,997 2,775,486
137,744 583,706
8,33
,930 30,226,856
2,528 3,033
3,453,149 4,418,555
- -
53,049 58,327
3,508,726 4,479,915

Mechanical pulp-
United Kingdom............... 0.77
United States.................. 1.00
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.75
Other countries.......... . ..... . 0.92

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chemical pulp-
United Kingdom............. ..
United States.......... .... .,. .
Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other countries..... . . . . . .. . . . . .

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.Mechanical pulp-
Un.ited Kingdom...............
United States..................
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other countries............ " ...

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ cts'.
1.78
1.99
1.90
2.55
1.98

1916.
A ver-
age
Quantity. Value. value
per
cwt.
cwt. $ $ cts.
19,023 36,777 1.93
3,288,816 6,405,616 1.95
182,510 349,639 1.92
4,467 8,979 2.01
3,49l,816 6,801,011 1.95
362,531 299,264 0.83
3,875,972 2,967,153 0.76
410,200 308,750 0.75
500 370 0.74
4,649,203 3,575,537 0.77
1918.
343,486 1,603,738 4.67
4,681,7281 6,171,096 3.45
329,783 1,233,306 3.74
30,013 125,673 4.18
5,385,010 19,133,813 3.55
- - -
4,311,694 6,487,097 1.50
- - -
- - -
-
1,311,694 6,4
7,097 1.50

0.96

1 1920 .

4.36 846,171 3,212,119 3.80
3.54 6,830,736 25,550,882 3.74
4.34 802, 385 3, 709, 968 4. 62
4.24 122,650 527,094 4.30
3.63 8,601,942 133,000,063 3.81

1 . 20 1 , 938, 225 1 , 802 , 281 0.93
1.28 4,045,385 5,765,871 1.42
799,794 808,257 1.01
1.10 4,236 7,010 1.65
1,28 16,787,640 8,383,419 1.23

FISH EHII
'S

u3

&2.- (,nantlt) and \ alm,- of \\ood. Ulod\.
and OtheF, fOF '-nlp, .'XI)Orte<<1 to
the 1. nUNI stat('s. 1901-1920.

I . Cords. I S
Fiscal Year. Cords. S l'lscal Year.
H104. .. . . . . . ....... . 179,2:Uoi 1,7s.'\,049 HH3. . . . . . 1,003,594 6.806,445
190;} . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 593, f)24 2, ß()O,tH4 1
14. . ... . 1,OSU,384.: 7,aS8,770
HIOú... ... . . . . . . . . . ßB, 2
ü 2, ß49, 106 1 HH5.. 1,010,914. 1 ß,817,311
HI07 (9 IUO::!.). .. . . . . . . . 452,H4ß 1 1,9U
,
05 1916. . . .. . .. . .. . . 879,934 5,743,847
1 HOB. . . . . . . . . . 901,t; 61 1 4 ,6;}5,371 1917. . ..... .. 9
2,6ill ß, 448, ISH
1909....... . . . 794. H86 4,3;}6,391 1918. . ..... .. 1,002,127 8,339,278
1910........ . . ., . 9û5 , 2711 6.076. 62S 1 1919. . . 1. 5!17 ,04 t5. 386,600
HH 1. . . .. .. . U3ß,791 6.092,715 1U20. . ......... ............
38, 732
,454.803
1912 .................................. .. bi9.775. 5.697 901

"'I
lIt:nIES.

Capital inyested.-The total c'lpital illve
t('d in thp fi
heries
Hlllollntcd in the e31endar ypar Ivl!J to 3-l,()!}-!,O
{), as coulpared ,vith

t)(),21:?8():{ in 1
n8 and '4ï,1.t;{,12;,) in IUI7, thc:::;c figures including,
eOlltrary to the praetice of funner year
, invp:-\tlllent:-\ of
2(),a()G,701
in 1017, '30,33.t.,12V in IVlh, and "'-23,200,h7! in 1919 in fish-canning
a nd fi
h-euring l':-:ta hli
llll11'lltS, the dl'elinp in t hp latter yc.'ar bcing
due to deerea...:e in land and building valup:-\ in British Cohuuhia and
in rllaterial:-; nnd
lIppli
s on hand in Qucb 'c. Of the total for 1919,
thp
U))l of
:?7.30f),21
"a-.; inve....ted in conlH..rtion ,vith the sea
fi:-\h('rip
and
-+, l
tj,U40 in eonnection ,,-it h t he inland fi:-\herief-:.
Table 63 bho".s the di::stribution of capital aUlonJ!:
t the various
dp:-;eriptions of vcs...:els, hoat:-., llet
, trap:::', ('te., used in both sea and
inland fi:-\heries, and in fish-tanning and ('uring (':-\tablishnH'nt
, for
the ealcndar year
lU lö and HH o. ...\ sttlteulPut of the yaluc of ve::5
cls,
h()at
and fi:-\hing nlah'rial
for l'aeh of the ycars 1
80 to 1910-11 ,,
as
gi,.cll in thp Year Book for 1911, p. 3HO. For
ub:-,equl'nt years

inlÌlar infonllation haò::) appeared in thc Year Book annually.

umber of En1ployees.-_\.ccording to 1'ablc 64, the total
JHlInbef of per
ons pmployed in thc fisheries of Canada in the calendar
year HH9 wa:-\ ð(),lüO, as COIn pared with 87,070 in 1918 and 95,122
in HH 7. Of thi
nUlllùer, 38,b85 in Ig10 ,vere engagC'd in sca fisheries,
S,919 in inland fi
herie
, and Ib.35û in fish-canning and curing cstab-
li:-;hlllen t:-\l.
Fishin
Bounties.- IJndl'r an Act of 1882 (45 'Viet., c. 18),
pa:--
ed for devploplncnt of the sea fisheries and encourageluent of the
huilding of fishiug vl':::,:scb, provision 'Ya
made for the distribution in
hountip:-, of
150,000 annually anlong thp o".ners of fishing vessels
and fi:shennen engaged in fishing fronl boats in the deep sea fi:-\heries
of Canada. An ...\ct of 1891 (54-55 Viet., c. 42) increased the amount
to "160,000. By Order-in-Council of January 30, 1919, made under
the provisions of the Revised Statutes of 190G, c. 4G, the distribution
of the appropriation of ::;160,000 for the year 1918-19 ,,-as made on
the follo".ing basis: XI per registered ton to o,vners of vessels, not

IFor a description of the extf'nt of Canadian Fisheries and the methods of capture, see
Canada Year Book, 1914, page 230.

294

PRODUCTI01'{

to exceed $80 for anyone vessel, $6.25 to each vessel fisherman, $3.80
to each boat fisherman and $1 per boat to o,vners of fishing boats.
The number of vessels ,vhich received bounties in 1919 ,vas 748.
The number of boats on ,vhich bounties 'v ere paid ,vas 12,313. The
total number of fishermen in vessels and boats to ,vhon1 bounties
were paid in 1919 was 21,918. The total fishing bounties paid
in 1919 amounted to $155,136.
Table 65 sho,vs by provinces the number of fishermen ,vho
received bounties and the amount of the bounties paid to theln
during each of the fiscal years 1916-1919.

G3.-Number and Capital Value of Fishing Vessels, Boats, Nets, Traps, etc., used
in the Fisheries of Canada, 1918 and 1919.

Description.

Sea Fisheries.
Steam trawlers... .....................
Steam fishing vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sailing and gasoline vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boats, sail and row. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boats, gasoline........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carrying smacks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halibut dories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gill nets, seines, trap and smelt nets,
etc.................. ....... . ., . . . .. .
Weirs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halibut gear (skates). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trawls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _
Hand lines...... . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ _ . _ . _ _ . . . _
Crab traps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . .
Oyster plant equipment....... . . . . - .
Lobster traps. . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . .
Lobster cars......... . _ . _.... _.. .,.....
Seines, reels and floats.... . . . . . . . . . . . _ _
Pile drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hoistíng engines. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . .
Fishing piers and wharves........ . ., ...
Freezers and ice houses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"'Thaling Stations....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Salteries..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Small fish and smoke houses. . . . . . . . . . .

Total Sea Fisheries...........
Inland Fisheries.
Steam vessels and tugs.................
Boats, sail and row. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boats, gasoline............. ..... .......
Gill nets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pound nets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hoop nets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weirs...... . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Piers and wharves....... _.' _ ..........
Freezers and ice houses. . . . . . . . . - - . . . - . .
Small fish and smoke houses. . . . . . . . . . .
Eehtraps.............. .. .... ......
Fish wheels........ . . . _ . . . . _ . . . . . . . . .
Spears...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total Inland Fisheries. . . . . . . .

Ilncluded with carrying smacks.
fish_and smoke houses.

1918. 1919.
No. $ No. $
2 140,000 10 1,075,000
39 1,049,193 27 551,000
1,230 4,721,200 1,191 5,243,795
19,059 1,039,972 16,874 925,755
13,990 4,963,197 15,361 5,313,046
841 473,û80 529 575,975
1 1 1 1
149,680 4,388,587 144,605 4,306,899
792 1,154,820 808 1,008,140
6,600 136, 700 5,485 118,450
27,357 440,393 21,577 448,807
76,351 118, 590 76,761 134,431
3,510 17,550 4,000 24,000
1 20,500 1 20,500
1,243,415 1,527,699 1,203,571 1,744,261
40 2,000 - -
77 7,200 - -
12 6,000 - -
60 12,000 - -
2,581 2,071,407 2,773 2,031,570
807 2,440,260 827 2,354,635
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3
8,767 1,353,025 8,092 1,312,948
- 26,083,473 - 27,189,212
146 880,395 145 898,365
4,020 156,677 2,675 171,212
916 426, 712 I 995 484,107
- 1,082,700 - 1,119,721
613 31, 649 542 35,362
1,359 625,914 1,205 780,245
1,287 48,366 2,582 70,018
58,935 5,194 69,334 6,292
976 55,737 396 47,080
315 102,773 316 146,350
846 362,176 715 402,624
140 24,555 139 24,615
100 200 10 30
3 355 2 250
269 858 199 669
- 3,HU1,261 - 1,186,910
2lncluded with factories. 31ncluded with small

FISIl ERI E,':;

2H.')

6J. -
umber and ('apital \ alll(, of tï..hinJ: ,('..s('ls, Uoats. '('b. Tral)!'" ('t('., IIs('d
In the }lsheries of ('anada. 191
:and 191
' -ron('luùcd.

Dps'ription. 1918. 1919.
"'Ish ('annln
and CurlnL, :\0. I
t:sta hlishml'uts.
:\0. S
Loh
tf'r cannf'rips. 5

4 2, !}77, 1 R8 5
0
,o:n, 409

almon rannf'rif's. . . . . . . . . , . . . . 81 15, tH 9. S.'j7 76 13,9Hl,l00
\\"hnl(' oil faetory. . . 5 1,118,040 10 1,475,1
1

ard intO ('annf'rif'
. , , . . 3 1,:?R8,4
6 1
} 1. 1
1 ,
:?

Clam and ot }H'r cannprips. , . 14 152,275
Fi
h curin r ('stahli:-;huH'nts. ... , . . . 302 9,17'\\,283 308 4,602,016
Tofal uf "'ish f'anninLt .1Iul
('urin t:stahli..hm(.n t
9:
9 30,3:H.129 9

23,200,
a
(
rand To tal ('al)ital In\('sf('d In
.. -

.. 1
IU'rh'!'.. . , . . . .

.1

- II 60, 221,SG:

al,5;;,026

6-1.-
ulllh.'r of I-('rsons ":mplo) cd In th.. "'ish('rlc
of Canada, 1915 and 1919.

I
:,..a Il:"'}lPrif':-'. Inland Fishf'rif'
.

t('n pIl1ploYt'd in
I 1918. 1919. 1918. UH9.
X'o. Ko. Ko. Xo.
Rt('am trawl('rs. . . . . . . 3-1 200 - -
Yess('ls. . . 7, t)!}O 7,

1 94-1 8
7
Boa t s. __ .. . . . . . . ... . -19,6n
49,994 7,027 5,416
Carryin
smacks........ ...... .. 1,385 870 - -
Fi
hing not in boat
. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. - - 1,73S 2,616
'l'otal.. . . .. . ........ .. - .. .. .. .. .)
,"'O7 58. ,.,s.
9,;09 b,919
In Fi...h Canning and Curing E:-:tahli:-;hlll('nt
.
-
Employ('e
in HHS. 1919.
'Ialp. FplIlalf'. Total. "aif'. Fl'male. Total.
Lob:,tcr canneries..... . . . . . 3,4'\3 3, t

6,616 3,nO 3,516 7,
46

ardine canneries... . . . . . . 1>-ì

4
-ry-}
. . a_a 339 384 ...c)')
Clams and other canneri""
., 110 144
,j4 I_.J
. .

almon canneries......... ........ 5,251
,fì.H 7,
!};) 4,582 2,415 6,997
\\ hale oil and fish oil factories. . . . 211 1 212 377 8 385
Fi
h curing establishments........ 2,658 394 3,052 2,5
7 4ï8 3,005
Total. . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 11.
95 6.659 18,5a-l 11 ,5aã 6,hOl 11';,356
(;rand Total....... ... . 80,411 6,6,)9 8;,0;0 79,3.
9 6,
Ol ð6,160

Inland Fish :\Iarkets.-Othpr govenllnent a:-;sistance to the
fi:-:hing indu:-;try takp
the fOrIn of encouraging the development of
Inarket;:, for fresh fi:-:h in the interior of the country by paYlnent of
one-third of the ordinary expre:5:' charges on shipments of fresh fish
fronl the Atlantic coa
t to points a
far ,vest as the eastern boundary
of l\Ianitoba 8.nd from the Parifi(' (:oa
t as far east as that boundary.
Cold storage car:5 by fast freight are placed at the dibposal of shippers

296

PRODUCTION

from the Atlantic seaboard, and aid is rendered in the building of
small cold storage establishments for the storing of bait. Fish-
breeding is carried on by the Dominion Government upon an exten-
sive scale, the expenditure for this service in 1919-20 amounting to
$305,477. The hatcheries in operation number altogether 45, includ-
ing ten subsidiary hatcheries; there are also retaining ponds for
Atlantic salmon. The hatcheries are situated in Prince Edward
Island (1), Nova Scotia (5), Ne,v Bruns,vick (7), Quebec (5), Ontario
(8), Manitoba (3), Saskatche,van (1), Alberta (2) and British Colulnbia
(13). In addition, there is one hatchery in British Columbia, ,vhich
is operated by the British Colulnbia Packers' Association.
Production and Value of Fisheries.-The total value of the
products of the Canadian fishing industry in the calendar year 1919
,vas $56,508,479, as compared ,vith $60,250,544 in 1918 and $52,213-
044 in 1917. For 1918 the value was the largest on record. The
decrease of $3,742,065 ,vas, ho,vever, largely due to lo'\ver prices
rather than to smaller quantities, as is indicated by Table 54, ,vhich
sho,vs that out of a total increase in the value of fish exported of
$5,148,000 in the fiscal year 1920 as compared '\vith the previous year.
(the fiscal year 1920 nearly corresponding to the calendar year 1919),
larger quantities accounted for $8,389,000, which was offset to the
extent of $3,241,000 by lo\ver prices.

65.-Government Bounties to Fishermen in the fiscal years 1916 to 1919.

Number of m<>n who recei\Ted Values of bounties paid.
Province. bounties.
1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
No. No. No. No. $ $ $ $
Prince Edward Is'd. 2,073 2,397 2,333 1,805 9,962 10,756 10,392 8,702
X ova Scotia. . . . . . . . . 13,697 14,254 14,141 13,538 88,212 86, 115 85,001 85,521

ew Brunswick. . . . . 2,399 2,408 2,492 2,240 17,540 17,538 17,114 16,085
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,986 10,360 10,875 9,667 44,286 45,484 47,168 44,828
Total. . . . . . . . . . . 28,155 29,5U9 29,8!1 27,25U 16U,UUU 159,
93 159,675 155,136
I I

66.- Quantities and '
alues of Sea Fish l\larketed in Canada during the Calendar
Years 1918 and 1919.

1918. 1919.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
$ $
Cod, used fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 202,235 1,207,758 166,530 862,746
" green salted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 315,855 2,471,740 278,091 1,711,431
., smoked fillets... " '" . . . . . . . _ . . H 5,579 54,592 13,145 179,229
" smoked. . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ . . ., 491 9,205 3,374 55,048
., dried. . . . _ _ _ . . . 520,818 5,914,891 605, 135 6,811,315
.. - - - - - - -.. --
canned. . . . . . . . . . . cases 520 4,680 1,690 13,520
" boneless..... . cwt. 31,547 418,541 29,009 353,548
" roe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,183 2,155

rISlJER/Eli

H7

61i. -QH:.nfiht's .111(1 ,...IUt's of
t'a }'Ish 'Iart
('h.d In ("an..da dllrln
tlu' ('al('ndar
\'t'ars 191
.lIul 1919 -con.

h.inds of J'i::-h.

Ha<hloC'k, u
pd fre
h.......
canm.d. . . . . . .
fillC'ts...... .
",rJlokpd. . . . . . . . . .
IZ:r('('n-
al t(.ù . . . . . . .
dried.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bont.'l(.

Hak\.' nnd (.usk, u:-;('d fr('
h........
.. .. gr('('n-
altpd.. ..... . .
" "
moked fillet
....... "

IIloked . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
(Irie(l. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .,
('anned . . . . . . . . (.3:'('S
1,ollf.I('
. . . . c\\ t .
Pollock, uSI.d fn'!>h. . .. .
..
L"Cn-salted . . .
smok,
fillets. .,. ...
dried. . . . .
boneless "
" ('anned . . . . . . . . (.a....c:,
\Hliting........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. c\\ t.
Tongues and sound:, pickled or dried. . ..
Halibut, used fre
h.. .. . . . . "
.. snloked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
" salted. . . . . . . . . . . .,
Flounders, brill, plai("(', {'tc... .. . . . . "
:'katc..... '.' "
:'olps.. ... ....... "
H('rring, u8(.d fn'
h. . . . . .. . . . . "
" bonplp:-;....... .............. "
., cannPll........ . . . . . .. . . . . ca."" .s
.( 811101.... 10 (1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . C\\..t.
" dry-o,,;al ted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
" pièklf'd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. brJ.
., u:-,ed a
bai t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
" used as fertilizl'r. . . . . . . . . . . . "

Iack('rel, used fre
h............... .. cwt.
.. canned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. casc

" salt<.d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. brl..
:'ardines, canned....... . . . .. ........ ca
l'S
.. sold fresh and salted. . . . . .. brl..
Pilchards, used fresh... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (,wt.
.. canned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ca
ps
" salted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. brl.
" I'moked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C\\.t.
Alf'wÍ\'es, used fresh........ . . . . . . .. .
.. salted. . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .. brl.
smoked. . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 . . . cwt.
Bass. . .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . .. .. .. "
Perch. ...... . . .
::5almon, used fresh.. . . . .
.. canned. . . . . . . .
" smoked.... ... .
" dry-salted.
" mild cured. . . . .
" pickled. .
" roe. . 0 . . . . . . .

h
?, used fresh......
sal ted 0 . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . 0 .

..

('wt 0
('u...c
l'\\ t.

"

..

"

. cases
cwt.
"

I
Quantity.
I

"

HH , .')!)()
2S, 3(iO
4,559
.16,535

3,487
72,266
C)--
-.);)
12,932
SO, 121
5,13S
20
2ï,()SO
(,'C)-
<'_.)
4,4!)S
7,243
::!S,b-15

"

..

"

39,liSS
90

"

l -C)
1-
1,63S
2o.'3,37U
4,23{j
112
21,230
4,820
12,564
181,576
1,2.')3
74,470
67, 113
175,493
139,711
260,8.10
24,74.1
106, 804
2,110
38,941
177,193
218,515
17,359
6.'3,693
2,472
15
28,601
18,586
3,432
1,335
949

91, S96
1,633,789
1,978
500
11, 695
638
3,101
1,210
110

"

"

"

"

brio

lYl
.

Yuluf'.

s

9.10, 845
227, 10,
32,614
6.')4,647
22S,3SD
697, {)(iH
4,600
47,OSI
422,4.')0
71,7.')S
200
247,SOO
5,890
4!),3R6

O,3S8
lü2,115
381,879
4.')0

1. 451
3.'),4
:3
5,44
,54{j
40,7x4

9ß
167,161
20, ßü:3
tl3,4S3
50
,937
24,b57
428,514
494,875
352,786
1,502,807
356,14ü
24,191
959,302
17,728
960,181
1,227,98S
1,092,525
47,894
336,225
29,584
150
54,867
149,807
22,339
15,884
11 , 252
3, .171,865
14,067,249
35,272
5,537
136,670
6,692
15,507
13,761
1,689

Quantity.

130,211
34,055
39,849
ü5,444
66,()73
l:m
21,50S
6tJ, 401
13,503

22, 511
2,631
W,4!H
44, mm
1.1
40,726
().')
IüO
.13
1,073
240,72S
505
15
28,815
2,928
14,377
63,763
2,230
73,G39
95,912
262,225
fiG,701
231,286
24, 120
106,867
1,743
42,897
119,225
187,237
76
6.'3 , 065
78

12,G81
17,749
2,069
823
2,243
460,413
1,394,215
7,167
8,235
5,882
842
512
917
44

1919.

Yulue.

s

.')37, ,"',"It
29
,449

373, no,;
303,
33
.>31, IS.')
2,OS.>
()8, 9:
:;
302,1,2
49, 188
195,108

30, W9
5.1, sos
207,.')20
9;-
3:
G, 775
7
4
1,2
0
2S4
10, 4(i!

5,114,4Hi
5,:W6
120
142,;J47
8,G20
91 , 407
U0i9,323
39,{j31
399, Hfi3
53H,ï04
504,972
517,348
41S, 1:36
24,912
987, 146
12,504
1,036,199
5H3,811
236,263
406
370,841
624
33,9GO
170,060
19,418
13,450
19,808
3,824,158
13,842,140
62,475
34,720
95,559
8,468
5,120
9,046
685

298

PRODUCT10!{

'G.-Quantities and Values of Sea Fish l\larketed in Canada during the Calendar
Years 1918 and 1919-concluded.

1918. 1919.
Kinds of Fish.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
S $
Smelts......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 87,460 970,156 75,653 834,835
Sturgeon, used fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 134 2,118 277 6,034
Trout. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ _ _ . " 2,050 30,066 1,315 18,613
Black cod, used fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 14,224 182,062 7,792 67,249
" green-sal ted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 276 5,520 - -
" smoked. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . _ _ " 8,503 96,402 3,573 49,331
" dried. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ " - 1,050 - -
Red cod, etc., used fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . " 2,646 13,272 5,952 37,368
" green-salted.......... . " 30 150 - -
" smoked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 3, 900 30,000 205 2,045
Albacore, used fresh... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . " 9,385 70,904 7,396 41,485
" canned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., cases 289 3, 210 100 900
Caplin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brl. 19,590 29,955 24,195 82,930
Eels................................ . cwt. 3,816 34,533 2,768 23,473
Greyfish,canned...... . . . . . . .. ....... cases 146 584 9 45
" exported to U.S.A.......... cwt. 59,194 29,607 - -
Octopus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 219 2,321 484 6,760
Oulachons. . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,049 8,476 139 2,40,5
Squid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brl. 6,911 32,104 11 , 023 31, 028
Swordfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 4,458 71,185 6,013 97,945
" canned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cases 24 320 - -
Tom cod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 12,504 37,249 11,542 34,790
:Mixed fish.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 3,043 7,879 1,722 2,845
Shellfish :-
Clams and Quahaugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . brJ. 31, 034 73,134 22,745 74,381
" " canned. . . . . . . . cases 16,592 96,665 14,599 85,744
Cockles........ . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 103 309 28 70
Crabs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 5,352 54,660 6,446 55,102
Lobsters in shell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 59,251 1,273,247 85,340 1,224,882
" canned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cases 107,812 2,254,690 128,759 4,095,934
" Tomalley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 354 3,167 1,305 17,527
l\Iussels..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 307 307 281 281
Oysters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brl. 13,718 123,570 14,565 153,276
Scallops, shelled. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 22,858 67,260 25,319 75,463
" canned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cases 148 1,776 129 1,548
Shrimps.......................... . cwt. 805 23,930 767 17,528
\\Ïnkles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 380 609 2,094 5,552
Sealskins, fur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NO. 88 2,440 70 1,294
" hair..................... . " 15,290 59, 153 6,159 18,618
Porpoise skins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 342 6,840 184 3,680
\Yhalebone and meaL... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 500 24,655 344 10,320
"-hale fertilizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,023 101,111 1,200 108,00û
Porpoise oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gal. 15,005 15,005 7,360 7,360
Seal " " 50,766 50,764 18,754 18, 110
............................................... ..
"'hale " " 1,317,445 1,175,437 609,969 530,548
....................... .......... .... ............
'Vhale meat, canned.......... ., '" _., cases 29,085 .81,075 - -
Fish oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ............ gal. 457,870 457,483 475,047 422,372
Fish glue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . " 640 320 360 1,230
Fish offal. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 2,283 13,020 8,944 8,722
Fish bones...... . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 3,640 3,525 2,523 4,628
Fish skins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,201 1,713 5, 129 10,862
Fertilizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 8,157 15,423 4,597 32,831
Guano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 175 10,500 - -
Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 54:,231,539 - 50,990,815

Fl8lIERIRS

:?
9

6..
Qllantltlcs and \ alllt,s of Inland "'ish Jlarkeh'd in Canada durin
tile Calendar
}" ...ars 1915 and 1919.

"

19Ft 1919.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Yalue.
S S
\6.') 4,32:; 555 2,775
832 6,656 475 4,987
87 1,127 27 410
13,95S 35,772 12,397 54,23(}
10, 2f),
83, 66.5 6,360 52,561{
10,619 1l,45
7,O
4 7,OR4
7,500 47,207 9,562 114 , SO.5
3,5:-..:1 15,s.')0 527 2,:
RS

14 13,578 919 lS,ßl

202,814 9H3, 293 lOH,811 G7S,R4ô
3,316 33,,155 5,727 37,225
107 1,185 4 65
79,150 344,212 39,435 lR3,U57
24,551 79,978 26,833 59,SS4
2
2 2,Ob7 - -
26,
22 13H,356 16,4S3 165,449
61,956 5li7,S54 lil,727 5x2,744
S,132 81,326 23, \H 7 W7,4H)
58,032 394,826 58,163 327,675
1,034 8,688 - -
165 8,S50 104 6,240
l,h48 30, 725 826 lï, 273
241 4, 136 I t 02li 15, 104
105 1,0.50 30 :360
5,099 76,830 3,813 58,657
2,061 1,237 4 2
72,186 717,3H9 63,836 813,868
6,132 61,315 2,345 30,485
73,745 321,624 49,457 26S, 999
333 2,398 - -
200.172 1,901 ,548 196,953 1,
45,8:;4
1,656 16,.56.5 299 3,
S7
975 9,7.50 - -
I - 6,019,00.') - 5,517 ,664

Kinds of Fbh.

\le" ives, fresh. . .
" :illlted. .
Ba::'s. . . . . . _ . . . . . . .
Carp. . . . . . . . . . " . _ .
( 'atfish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Caviar.. .. .. . . . . . . . .
Eels.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " .. .
Golde
eSt fresh............., - . .
.. smoked. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Herring, fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. salted....... .... ........
'[askinongc...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "

Ii'(eù fish.........
Mu

cts, fresh.......
canned. . . . . . . . .
PE'Tch. . . . . . . . . . . .
Pickerel.. . . . . . . .
Pickerel (blue).... 0 .
Pike, fresh....... . .
.. eanned......
Porpoisp. . .. . . . .. ....
:;alrllon. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

had.. .......... .' ..... .0.. ..
Smelts. .
Stur reon...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trout, fresh.........
.. salted......
Tullibee, fresh.... . . . . . . . . 0 .
.. eanned. . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . .
'Yhitefish, frf'sh................... ..
" ::,\l!el.........
" canned.. ... .. . .

. . . . . . . 0 C\\t.
o. brl.
.. cwt.
"

lb.
cwt.
..

..

brl.
c" t.
"

..

. ('RSC::J
cv. t.
"

ca "C

::"'0.
c\\ t.

1'0.
c\\ t.
brl.
c\\ t.
cas 'b
c\\ t.
brl.
cases

Tot al. . . . . . .

6
.- (Juantit) and ,"allft, of Chief {'omnwrfÏal ....shes, 1915-16 to 1916-17 and (.'alend ar
Yt.'ars 1914-1919.

Fiscal Y c.J.rs. Calcndar Years. Increase 01
decrease in
1919 com-
Kinds of Fish. pared with
HH5-16. HH6-17. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1918.
Inc (+)
Dec. (-)
:;:almon. ..C\\t. 1,410.769 1. 239, 668 1. 642. 770 1. 531,773 1. 688, 653 + 156.880
11. 262, 381 10,882,431 17,411.029 17,869,
17 17,889.913 + 20.396
Cod. ... C\\t. 2,152,756 2.026,231 2.215.45.5 2.206,666 2.606,770 + 400, 104
S 4,489,496 5,4-19,064 7.402,516 10,083.562 9,987,612 95.950
Cod, black. . . c
t I 87.532 29.666 10.527 19,439
879,404 2h5,034 116,580 168,454
Lobster. . . .. .. . . . c\\ t.1 44.j,277 4S0,898 4ï4,S71 264.096 345,806 + 81,710
S 4.506,155 5,508,054 5,546,265 3,531,104 5,338,343 + 1,807,239
Herring. . . .. _ . . . _ cst. I 1. 894, 774 1,751,314 1,481,708 1,973,669 1,573,086 399.6S3
2,906,887 3,050,421 3,693,6-;8 4,719,561 3,347,080 - 1,372,481
Haddock.. . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt.1 582,522 582,028 712,416 554,366 564,574 + 10,208
$ 1.232.0
2 1,711,271 2.936,719 2,796,171 2,048,746 747,425
.

300 PRODUCTIO"V
68.-Quantityand Value of Chief Commercial Fishes, 1915-16 to 1916-17 and Calendar
l(ears 1917-1919--concluded.
Fiscal Years. Calendar Years. Increase or
-- decrease
1919 com-
Kinds of Fish. pared with
1915-16. 1916-17. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1918.
Inc. (+)
Dec. (-)
Halibut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 226,151 142,823 140,024 207, 139 243,449 + 36,310
S 2,261,776 2,263,573 2,066,635 5,490,226 5,119,842 370,384
Sardines...... -.......0 '1tol 336,794 315,832 274,359 295,770 214,525 81,245
1,229,096 1,481,261 1,910,705 2,320,513 830,074 - 1,490,439
Mackerel. . . . . _ . _ . . cwt. 180,990 156,075 167,067 196,781 229,877 + 33,096-
S 990,329 924,746 1,333,354 1,937,211 2,035,849 + 98,638
Whitefish.............. cwt. 153,529 164,992 178,838 205,044 197,403 7,641
S 1,048,641 1,135,486 1,248,006 1,927,863 1,849,741 78,122
Smelts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 67,607 68,629 73,153 87,555 75,271 12,284
S 632,733 847,357 1,027,555 971,206 835,195 136,011
Hake and Cusk..... . . . cwt. 379,959 385,953 321,605 245,051 244,749 30Z
S 520,051 757,456 890,265 844,565 645,570 198,995
Trout.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt 115,999 88,701 75,662 86,608 68,670 17,938
$ 870,209 741,610 699,950 808,770 862,966 + 521,196-
Pickerel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt 55,722 105,428 86,425 70,088 61,727 8,361
$ 901, 183 871,719 650,632 649,180 582,744 66,436
Pollock. . .. . _ . . . . . . . . . . cwt 138,801 143,306 189.908 164,502 227,963 + 63,461
$ 193,788 268,756 486,195 574,832 602,264 + 27,43Z
Pilchards.. . .. . . . . . . . . . cwt 1,363 72,723 65,624 7,099
$ 11, 810 413,853 371,871 41,982
Pike........ . .... ..... . cwt. 69.229 73.993 79,383 60,100 58,163 1,937
S 347,355 404,453 429,396 403,514 327,675 75,839
Tullibee.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 55.787 58,537 64,910 74,411 49,457 24,954-
S 165,569 301,060 333,686 324,022 268,999 55,023
Clams and Quahaugs.. cwt. 73.713 54,942 55,655 40,554 36.446 4,098
S 240,611 195,805 222,965 169,799 160,125 9.674
Alewives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 97,032 80.020 98,727 78,616 70,577 8,039
S 120,126 117,083 196,482 237,994 129,807 108. 187
Perch........ . . . . . . . . cwt. 19,218 22,773 24,707 27,886 18.547 9,339
S 98,119 114,656 126,723 150,608 185.257 + 34,649
Oysters..... .. . . . . . . . . . cwt. 21.386 18.361 13,632 13,916 14,565 + 649
S 147,628 147,751 109,265 123,570 153,276 + 29,706-
69.-Total Value of Fisheries by Provinces in the fiscal )'ears 1916-1917 and Calendar
Years 1917, 1918 and 1919.

Province.

Fiscal Years. Calendar Years.
1916. 1917. 1917. 1918. 1919.
$ $ $ $ $
933,682 1,344,179 1,786,310 $1,148,201 1,536,844
9,166,851 10,092,902 14,468,319 15,143,066 15,171,929
4,737,145 5,656,859 6,143,088 6,298,990 4,979,574
2,076,851 2,991,624 3,414,378 4,568,773 4,258,731
3,341,182 2,658,993 2,866,419 3,175,111 3,410,750
742,925 1,390,002 1,543,288 1,830,435 1,031,117
165,888 231,946 320,238 447,012 475,797
94,134 144,317 184,009 318,913 333,330
14,538,320 14,637,346 21,518,595 27,282,223 25,301,607
63,730 60,210 67,400 37,820 8,800
35,b60,708 39,208,378 52,312,044 60,250,5U 56,508,479

Prince Ed ward Island... . .
Nova Scotia..............
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec.................. .
Ontario.................. .
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatchewan.....).. . . . . . .
Alberta.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columbia. . . . . . . . .
yukon.... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Total for Canada.. . . . . .

FISlIERIES

301

.0. -Total '.alu(' of the Fisheric:, of
"nada In the tlscal )'cars lS70-1'19.

Year.

I Yalue. '\ l'ar. Value. '\ car. Value. Year. Value.
S S $ S
6,577,391 1

3.... . 16, 95R, 192 1896. . . . . 20,407,425 1 1909-10.. 29,629,167
7,573,199' 1
84. . . . . 17,766,404, 1897.... . 22,783,546, 1910-11.. 29,965,433
9,570,116' I
S5 . . . . . 17, 722, 973 1 1[0\98... .. 19,667,121 1 1911-12.. 34, 667, R72
1O,754,m)7: 1

6.... . IS,679,2SS, 1899.... . 21,891,70G' 1912-13.. 33,389,464
11, 6St,
S6 IS
7. . . . . 18,3S6,103 19UO. .. .. 21,557,639 1913-14. . 33,207,748
10, 350,
f..) I ISS
. .. . . 17,41S,510' 1901.... . 25,737,153 1914-15. . 31,264,631
11,117,000j 18S!}. . . . . 17,665,2:>6 1 1902.... . 21,959,433 1915-16. . 35,S60,708
12, 00.:;, 9
-I Hmo.... . 17,714,902 1903.... . 23,101, R7R 1916-17. . 39,20R,378
1:J,215,67
18!)!.... . 18, H77, S7ðl 1904. . . . . 2
,516,439 1917 1 .... . 52,312,044
1
,529,25-11 IS92. .... lR,941,171 1905.... . 29,479,562 1918 1 ..... 60,250,54-1
14,4P9,979' 1893.... . 20, r.X6, 6611 1906.... . 26,279,485 1919 1 .... . 56,:>08,479
1.3,817, W2' IS94. .... 20,719,573 1907-O
. . 25,499,
491
16,S24,092 IS
}5. . . . . 20,199,338 1908-09 . . 25,451,085

1870.. .
1871. .
1872.. .
I S ì3.. .
18I
'"
1 8/a . .
1 87 6.. .
1 877 . ..
1 87S . . .
1 879 . ..
1
xO. . .
1 8 1'11.. .
1 8 "2. . .
ICall'ndar
('ar.
71. -\'alue of EXI)Orts and Imports of }'bh and }'Isb Product
,
1902-1920.

Year. I

Y ('ar .

Exports,
fi
h('ri('s,
dom('
tic.

1902. . . . .
1903.... .
1904.... .
1905. .. . .
1906. . . ..
1907 1 .. .. .
190,
.
1909.
1910.. . . .

S
14,143, :?!J-t
11, .\00,184
10, 75
J,02!11
11, 114,31'
1
16,025,840,
10,362,142 1
13,'s67,367\
13 319 664
15: 663: 162,

Import<. of fish for
hom(' con!-;umption.

E,<ports, Imports of fi",h for
fi
hl'ri('s, hOIll(' consumption.
dOIl)('
tic.
Dutiable. F re(' .
I S S
1.1,675,.3-14 1,123,581 fì69,033
16,704,67H\ 1,203,045
184, 458
16,3
6,721 1,519,571 910,92:1
20, fì2
, .:'jßO 1,4ß9,305 635,231
19, 6
7 ,C6S 1 1,080, 225 1 568,880
22,377,977, 804,398 537,342
24,889,253 1,259,799 8IR,613
32,602,151 1 966,643 1,397,127
37,137,072 1 1,054,848 2,079,530
42. 2x5. 0351 2,605,379 1,334.718

Dutiahle. 1

5H 1 , (16-1
629,545 1
704,577 1
713,264 1
756,410
mI9,218

795,612
746,315
909,006,

F rp(' .

S
451 ,
.5S 1911...
6:J3,6,\\0' IHI2...
6S:>, 936 1913...
630,660 1 1914...
1, 152,253 1915....

62,880: 1916...
1.026,996 1917...
814,770 1918 .
715,703 1919...
1920 .

1
ine lIlonth.s.
72.-F.II)()rfs of f 11(' }ï!\lu'rh'!\, f 11(' I'rod 11('(' of Canada, b) l)rlndj)al fOllntrlt.s, In tilt"
fiscal )'ears 1919 and 1920.

EXPO,rt6 to-

United Kingdom..
Australia.. . .. . . . . .
British W. Indies..
British Guiana.. . .
l'\ ew Zealand. . . . .
X ewfoundland . . . .
Hong Kong. . . . . . .
Bermuda. . . . . . . . .
Straits Settle-
ments. . . . . . . . . . .
Fiji Islands. . . . . . .

Egypt.. . .. . . . . . . . .
Other British
Possessions.. . . . .

Total British
Empire. . . . . . . . .

19;. I
8,634,284
1,166,210
1,075,326
239,Oïd
478,619
63,034
27,431
61,804
70,593
68,724

1920. Expo)"t8 to- 1919. 1920.
I I $
9,890,
05 "l"'nit('d States...... 18,525,817 18,568,2f.4
I 538,5j6 Brazil. . . 543,426 1,522,939
I 1,622,398 Cuba..... 2,581,561 2,387,528
349,84:J Dutch Guiana. . . 48,019 98, 131
I 444,009 Dutch E. Indies. . . 4,212 19,440
I
I 90,845 France. . . . . . . . _ . . . . 926,138 2,617,492
91,760 French W. Indies.. 34,158 33,457
70,016 Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848,775 145,120
I Japan............. . 263,674 504,333
30t,842 Porto Rico....... . . 1,044,583 1,301 ,354
71 ,993 Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87,856 170,997
I Arg;('ntine.... . . . . . . 61 ,580 71,896
3,566, P.anama........... 133,886 57, 354

orway . . . . . . . . . . . - 39,681
1
7,934 Sweden........... . - 80,212
China............. . 2,992 215,419
Miquelon and St.
Pierre. . . . . . . . . . . 39,042 6,409
Other foreign
countries. . .. .. . . . 48,866 838,732
Total foreiJ?;D
I 13,606,571, countries..... 25,20t,58ã 1 28,621,U'
I Grand total of ex-
ports.. . .. . . .' _.. 37,131,072' 42,285,0:15

47,384

1l,93
,t87

302

PRODUCTION

73.-Exports of the Fisheries, compared as to Quantity and Value, for 1919 and 1920.
("000" omitted).

Description of Exports.

Codfish, fresh and frozen.
Codfish, dry salted...... .
Codfish, wet salted..... . }
Codfish pickled......... .
Codfish, smoked. . . ., . .
Haddock, fresh and frozf'n
Haddock, dried..._
Haddock, smoked.. _ _ . . _
Pollock, hake and cusk,
fresh and frozen........ .
Pollock, hake and cusk,
dried. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tongues and sounds.......
Halibut, fresh and frozen.
Herring, sea, fresh and
frozen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Herring, sea, picklf'd. . . .. .
Herring, sea canned. .
Herring, sea, smokcd. . . . .
)lackerel, fresh and frozen
)lackerel, pickled...... . . .
Salmon, fresh and frozen..
Salmon, canned. . . . . . . . . . .
Salmon, chum.......
Salmon, pickled.. . . _ .. .. .
Smelts. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . .
Clams, fresh and canned..
Lobsters, fresh. _ . _ . _ .
Lobsters, canned _ . . . . . . . . .
Sea. fish other, fresh..... .
Sea fish, other, preserved
Herring, lake, fresh and
frozen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Herring, lake, pickled.... .
Salmon or lake trout... . . .
Tullibee..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Whitefish......... . . .
Fish, other fresh and
frozen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bait fish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fish oil, cod.. .. . . . . . . . . . .
Fish oil, other. . . . . . . . . . . .
Seal oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\Vhale oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other articles of the'
fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totals. . . . . . . . . . . .

Increase or decrease per
cent................. -..

Due to Due to
Actual Value Actual Increase higher larger
Value at Value. (+ ) or ( +) or (+) or
19::0. prices 1919. decrease lower smaller
of 1919. (- ) (- ) (-)
I prices. quantities.
$ $ $ $ $ $
162 196 171 - 9 - 34 + 25
8,002 7,931 7,529 + 473 + 71 + 402
1,243 1,390 2,119 - 876 - 147 - 729
6 4 10 - 4 + 2 - 6
14.1 177 120 + 25 - 32 + 57
549 893 412 + 137 - 344 + 481
138 177 172 - 34 - 39 + 5
50 59 270 - 220 - 9 - 211
627 664 593 + 34 - 37 + 71
8 15 30 - 22 - 7 - 15
476 454 629 - 153 + 22 - 175
153 643 549 - 396 - 490 + 94
730 963 1,307 - 577 - 233 - 344
471 472 695 - 224 - 1 - 223
513 574 380 + 133 - 61 + 194
484 534 566 - 82 - 50 - 32
949 1,165 850 + 99 - 216 + 315
1,420 3,092 794 + 626 - 1,672 + 2,298
12,067 13,252 10, 298 + 1,769 - 1,185 + 2,954
71 99 298 - 227 - 28 - 199
208 170 144 + 64 + 38 + 26
764 755 678 + 86 + 9 + 77
36 13 14 + 22 + 23 - 1
848 793 789 + 59 + 55 + 4
4,084 2,702 2,230 + 1,854 + 1,382 + 472
35 49 127 - 92 - 14 - 78
34 3 359 - 325 + 31 - 356
662 545 818 - 156 + 117 - 273
98 88 42 + 56 + 10 + 46
299 297 264 + 35 + 2 + 33
313 378 232 + 81 - 65 + 146
1,060 988 1,078 - 18 + 72 - 90
1,848 1,704 1,408 + 440 + 144 + 296
24 54 37 - 13 - 30 + 17
384 510 400 - 16 - 126 + 110
124 163 124 - - 39 + 39
49 52 121 - 72 - 3 - 69
682 850 66 + 616 - 168 + 784
2,469 2,658 414 + 2,055 - 189 + 2,244
-
42,28.) 45,526 37,137 + 5,148 - 3,241 + 8,389
- - I - 13.86 7.121 22.59

MINERALS.
Mineral Statistics.-The results of the census of mineral pro-
duction, taken in 1911, were published in the Year Book of 1913
(pages 196-199). In the present edition the Canadian statistics given

JII.YER41LS

303

are lin1itf'd to those of the l)onlÌnion Governnlcnt and of the Depart-
1l1ellt
of
IilH'S of the Provineial Governlnent:s. 'fo the btati
ti('

of production in this section have bepn added stat(,lncnt
of tlH'
inlport
of Portland cement rrnble 9-1:), of the inlports of anthracitc
and hihnninous cual (Table 95) and of the exports of coal ('"fable 96).
Don1inion D
partn1ent of 1\lines.-.\.ccordin
to the pre-
linlinary report of the l)iyi",ion of
Iin('ral Ilpsources and btati:;tic

of the Donlinion })epartnlent of
Iinc
. the total value of the metal
an<l nlÏIH'ral production of 1920 'Ya
"217,775,080, as cOIn pared ,vith
1,{),G
(),3ÐO, the finally revi
l'ù figures of 1919. This i:-; an inerense
of -ll,U

,ö90, or 23.
p.c., oyer 1910, and i!'3 the hiJl,he:5t fi
ure on
record, exceeding thp uns preyiouR record fig:urp of
211,301,897 by

ôA73Jlb3. In this calculation, and throughout the tahles ,vhich
follo,,,,, th\.' tenn "proùuction"
ignifies the quantity sold or shipped.
)Iin('ral product:, not sold or
hipp('d at the end of the ycar are not,
('xcept in th(' <'a
<
of pig-iron, inchHled a:; "production." ''':dues of
Inetallie Inineral:), ,,-hether refined in Canada or not, are calculated
on the- ba
is of the aVCf:lgp price (Jf the Inetal in SOlllC' recognized
Illarket, u:-\ually Xl'W ì."ork, though for le
l(l :\Iontreal prices are no,v
u:-;pd. 'rh(
value of non-Illctallic nlÌlH'rab i:5 J.!;iyen as at the Jnille or
point of
hiplll
nt.
'fhl' produetioll of Il}ptallie Ininerals increa:-\ed from
73,2t)2,7n3
in lUIB to ....Ti",23G,370 in H}20, an in('r('a
e of
3,973,':)77, ùue in
the nlaiu to incredsP:5 in thp quantities and values of nickel and zinc
produc('(L 'rlu' produetion of silver declined both in quantity and
value, while gold production ,va::; practieally stationery.
T'hC' production of non-nletallic mincrals (other than structural
Illateriab and clay products) incn'ased froln
7(),002,087 in 1919 to

103,353,bt32 in 1920, an increa
e of :'27,351,775, due in the lllain to
a l"onsiderable increase in quantity and a vcry large increase
(
22,91:3,30-!) in the value of coal produced, and to a large increase
in the value of a:;he5to
. 1'he production of natural ga
sho,ved,
on the other hand, a considerable decrcase in quantity, though
yalue ,va

lightly larger.
rrhe third ela
:; of luineral products-that of structural materials
and clay products- ;:,ho".ed, as bet".ecn 1919 and 1920, a large
illcrea
(' fron}
27,421,510 to
38,1
4,b48. rrhis increa
e ".as Inainly
due to the increa:-\e of building ,vhich follo,ved the end of the ,var.
l\linerals compared as to Quantity and V'alue.-Table 76
give
the results of calculations intended to sho". for ea('h Inineral
product the increa
e or ùecrea
e in total value for 1920, as compared
,vith 1019, that is due (a) to difference in price and (b) to difference
in quantity. Table 97 Inakes sinlÌlar conlpari:-\ons ,vith respect to
the exports of mineral products. It sho"rs that the decrease in the
value of nlÌneral products exported in the fiscal year 1920 as compared
with 1919 ,vas 815,199,000. The increase due to higher prices ,vas
84,809,000, ,vhilst 820,008,000 ,vas a decrease due to snlaller quan-
titie
exported, the percentage
being 19.61 net decrease, 6.20
increase due to higher prices and 25.81 decrease due to smaller
quantities.

304

PRODUCTION

7.t.-Quantities and '.ahles of l\linerals produced in Canada, Calendar Years
1919 and 1920.

1919. 1920. 1
Description.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Valuf'.
Metallic. $ $
Cobalt, metallic and con-
tained in oxide, etc..... lb. 530,371 1,325,928 593,920 1,484,800
Copper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 75,053,581 14,028,265 81,155,360 14,166,479
Gold, fine.. . . . . . ..... . . . oz. 766,764 15,850,423 766,912 15,853,478
Iron, pig from Canadian
ore.............. . ton 38,457 899,406 75,869 2,066,997
Iron ore, sold for export. . " 5,883 46,525 7,855 58,476
Lead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 43,827,699 3,053,037 33,985,974 3,803,346
Molybdenite (exports).... " 83,002 69,203 - -
Nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 44,544,883 17,817,953 61,136,493 24,454,597
Platinum, palladium etc.,
crude..... . .. . . .,. . .., . oz. 62 3,534 1,922 122,661
Platinum, crude......... . " 48 3,597 17 704
Rilver, fine........ . . . . . . . " 16,020,657 17,802,474 12,793,541 12,908,683
Zinc.................... . lb. 32,194,707 2,362,448 40,166,200 3,081,149
Total....... .. . .. $ - 73,262,793 - 77,236,370
Non-Metallic.
Actinolite....... . .... .. . ton 80 880 100 1,160
Arsenic, white and in ore " 3,389 509,924 2,408 313,575
Asbestos. . . . . . . . . . " 136,765 10,909,452 167,731 13,677,841
. .
Asbestic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 22,471 65, 917 20,956 57,601
Barytes, Manganese and
Talc...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,129 22,313 - 131,822
Chromite....... . . . . . . . . . " 8,541 228,898 10,500 244,984
Coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ]3,681,218 54,413,349 16,623,598 76,326,853
Feldspar. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 14,679 86,231 36,856 274,075
Fluorspar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 5,063 97,837 11 , 229 260,446
Graphite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1,360 100,221 2,227 173,537
Grindstones............. . " 2,020 60,516 2,319 78,136
Gypsum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 299,063 1,215,287 429,144 1,876,595
Magnesi te. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 11 , 273 328,465 13,378 512,756
Magnesium Sulphate... . . " 738 9,115 1,855 30,648
Mica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 2,754 273,788 2,150 368,297
Mineral Water. . . . . . . . . . . $ - 71,015 - 24, 109
Natural Gas..... . .... . M cu. ft. 19,937,769 4,176,037 16,961,284 4,225,887
Oxides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 11 , 862 113, 427 18,768 144,409
Peat....... . . . . . " 986 6,561 3,900 15,600
...... ...
Petroleum. . . . .... - brl. 240,466 736,324 196,937 821,545
Phosphate...... . .. .. ton 4 331 - -
Pyri tes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 176,487 522,704 174,744 751,009
Quartz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 94,991 527,635 127,995 466,621
Salt.................... . " 148,301 1,397,929 210,211 1,547,879
Sodium sulphate..... .. .. " - - 813 19,877
Strontium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 4
336 - -
Talc..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 18,642 116,295 2 2
Tripolite........ . . . . . . . . . " 565 11 , 300 260 8,600
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . $ - 16,002,087 - 102,353,862
Structural Materials
and ('lay Prod nets.
Cement, Portland...... . brl. 4,495,257 9,802,433 6,651,980 14,798,070
Clay products-
Brick, common........ r.o. 291,469,996 3,850,219 315,110,000 4,868,958
" pressed. . . . . . . . . " 74,423,703 1,304,162 81,776,000 1, n9, 760
" mou lded and
and ornamentaL.... " 364,682 10,175 - 120,875
Fireproofing. . . . . . . . . . . ton 41, 406 345,382 49,220 591,216
Hollow Building Blocks GO. 1,984,848 76,673 - 284,163
Kaolin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 759 13,744 683 15,022
Pottery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ - 185,474 - 207,410
Fire clay and fire clay
products...... . . ..... $ - 389,354 - 517,335

lSubject to revision.

21ncluded with "Barytes, etc."

JI ISH H. \ L.

303

;- -t. - Cluan fit it'S and '.,Iues of \llneral, I)rod nccd in ("3nada. ('alcndar \
('ar,,-
1919 and 19.)0 -concluded.

Ðes('ription.

I IHW. HI20. 1
-
Quantity. '.:lIue. (Juantity. Yal
5 S
It
, 821 1 , 0;4, 14/) .j8,S27 1.5
- 40. .')2; z 2
20, OiS, Ol)() t.i If), .') 10 Hi, oln. 000 6
ì,14ì,.')()4 2,310, tiO';" 9,:
55, 797 3,7
3:J, .).');
, H09 .Þ.4 . ,
!)4 4fj, 102, ()OO 7
10, :3(H, 4S I 2, t>"O. 4tiO ti, .j8S, o:J7 3,21
1 . u:t
10,8-3 -
- s.')o. .')fj:
- I,
,
- 3,Uì4,SI5 - 3,4(
- 21:
, !J'\:! - 2
- Sti, ,')iï -- I'
- 2..-&21.ãI0 - ;
k. 1.
- .6.00
.OS. - 102.3.
- .:
.
62. 793 - -- .,.

,....
- 146.6\\6.:190 - '!t7 ,7'

Stru('( ur.,t :\Jaft'rials and
('Ia) .trod ud S -cont'iudp, l.
('lay Products -corcluded
:-\p\\prpipt....... ton
T..rra. ( 'ot ta S
Till', drain.... ro.
Limp. . . ., .. Lu
h

and-linH' hriek. r o.
:-:anll :lnll gravel. ton
:-:Iatp. :::iq.
:-\ton......
Granitt'..

Linwstonp $

farhl('. . . . S
:-,andstone . $
Total
tructural Jlah
r-
ial
and t'la) I)rod uct . !
\11 oUU'r :\on-JI4'taUiC'. S
Total \alue lUetallk.. .. $

uc.

49,090

19.442
4S. 4f

IS, 7:
.)
N, (jf)()
14, :: ()()

!I, 97fì
)4.901]
40,3;)

28,214

".
I

'):1, S62
16,:nO

(
rand Total.... . . . . .
:\oTE.-Hailway
hipnu'nts of Corundum nnlOunkù t) 195 tons.
l
ubjef.t to revision. -Inf'lulh'll with "ßriC'k, nlúulù .d, l'tC."
75.- Inl'rt.'asc or I)('('rt':'s(' in ()uanfiti('s and '"aim's of l'rin('iIÞaI 'lineral Products,
for tlu.' ('ah'nd.,r ) ('ar 1919, as ('olnl)an'd "it h 1915.

7ã,0,",0

Principal Products.

Cobalt......................... .,
('opper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ,
(:old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........
Pig iron, from Canadian ore. . . . . . . . . .
I
ead . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)Iolybdcnite....., ....., .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
:-\ ic ke 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:-,ih"er. . . . . .
Zinc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lb.
"

I Iner('a::i(' (+) or Inereasl' (+) or
ucerea::, ( -) in dccr('asC' (-) in
quantity. value.
S p.c. $ p.c.
-ðI7,173 tiO.64 -2,042,932 60.64
-43,7Hi,S53 36.81 -15,222,271 5
.04
+67,OR3 9. .59 +1,3
6,734 9.59
-8,9S7 18.9-1 - 30.5 , 2f17 25.3-1:
-7,5ïO,303 14.73 -1,701,278 3.5.78
- 295, 027 78.04 -36,5,530 84.08
- 47,962,410 51.85 -19,lR4,964 51 .
.5
-5,363,322 25.08 -2,891,230 13.97
- 2 , 8
S, 468 8.23 -199,988 17.47
I
- - - .a,2
6.3ã9 .
6 . ()I
-4,697 3.32 +1,972,648 22.07
-13,4.53 61.17 -638,22-1: 73.60
-1,296,708 8.66 -779,547 1.41
+ 146,776 96.38 +3Y2,281 47.66
-1, 754 56.33 -148,649 59.73
-
R,092 71 .36 -6
8,300 67.70
-173, 164 64.58 -102,178 16.2

-202,540 1.01 -174,903 4.02
-64,275 21.09 -148,819 16.81
-235,129 57.12 -1,182,515 6f1.35
+16,57-1: 12.,58 +112,890 8.78
+ 1,403,776 39.09 +2,725,930 38.52
- - +3,322,877 72.50
+7
3,553 12.31 +434,582 23.17
-897,801 7.97 +
13,442 13.24
+ 18,964,37.5 129.98 +298,788 160.58
- - +1,189,363 39.16
,
- - +6,670,
2 6.90
- - -3t 615 507 16.38

oz.
ton
lb.
"

"

oz.
lb.

Total ß1('tallic..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-\sbestos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chromite...... . . . . . . . . . . .
(' oal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G ypsu m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graphite. . . . . . . . . . .
)[agncsite. . . . . . . . . . .
(
uartz....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xatural gas................ ......... ,[
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
}>yritc.s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

alt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clay products. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Ijrne.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sand and gravel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

and-lime brick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total non-nu'tallic. . . . . . . . . .
(;rand total. .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . .
18427-20

ton
"

"

"

"

cu.ft.
brl.
ton
"

brl.
S
bush.
ton
roo
5
$
$

306

PRODUCTIO..l\l

.G.-Increase or Decrease in Quantities and 'Talues of Principal ]lineral Products for
the Calendar Y ear 19
0 as compared with 1919.

Principal Products.

Copper............................... lb.
Gold............................... .
Pig iron from Canadian ore. . . . . . . . . . .
Lead................................
:!\ickel....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Silver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zinc..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total metallic. . . . . .. . . . .. . . .

Asbestos and Asbestic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal....... ...............
Gypsum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Magnesite......... ................ ...
}Iica. . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

atural gas....... . . ........... . .. .M
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ .
Pyri tes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quartz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Salt................................ .
Cement......................... .....
Clay products............... .... .... .
Lime........... ................ .....
Stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total non-metallic. . . . . . . . . .
Grand Total Increase . . . . . . .

oz.
ton
lb.
"

Increase (+) or Increase (+) or
decrease (-) in decrease (-) in
quantity. value.
$ p.c. $ p.c.
+6,101,779 8.1 +38,214 0.3
+148 - +3,055 -
+37,412 97.3 +1,167,591 129.8
-9,841,725 22.5 -14,691 0.5
+ 16,591,610 37.3 +6,636,644 37.3
-3,227,116 20.1 -4,893,791 27.5
+7,971,493 24.8 +718,701 30.4
- - +3,973,577 5.4
+29,451 18.5 +2,760,073 25.1
+2,942,380 21.5 +21,913,504 40.2
+130,081 43.5 +661,308 54.4
+7,105 63.0 +184,291 56.1
- - +94,509 34.5
-2,976,485 14.9 +49,850 1.2
-43,529 18.1 +85,221 11.6
-1, 743 - +228,305 43.7
+33,004 34.7 -61,014 11.6
+61,910 41.7 +149,950 10.7
+1,656,723 33.2 +4,995,637 51.0
- - +2,626,905 33.2
+2,208,293 30.9 +1,437,856 62.2
- - +937,512 22.2
- - +3G,115,113 35.9
- - +40,088,690 23.3

oz.
lb.

$

ton
"
"
"

$
cu.ft.
brl.
ton
"
"

brl.
$
bush.
$
$
$

7ì.-lUineral Production of Canada, compared as to Quantity and Value, for the
Calendar Years 1918 and 1919 ("000" omitted).

Actual Yalue at
Products. val ue prices of
1919. 1918.

Ietallic. $ $
C oba 1 t metallic and con-
tained in oxide. . . . . . . . . . 1,326 1,326
C opper..... ., ....... . . . 14,028 18,485
G old... _ _ _ _ _............ 15,850 15,814
Ir on, pig, from Canadian
ore........ _ _ _..... _ _.. ß99 976
Ir on ore sold for export.. . . 47 24
Le ad....... ........ '" ..- 3,053 4,054

1 olybdenite........ . , . . . _ 69 95

ickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,818 17,831
Si lver................... . 17,802 15,504
Zl nc.. .................... 2,362 2,627
0 ther................... . 9 9
Total metallic.... 73,263 76,745

Increase Due to Due to
Actual ( +) or higher{ + ) larger (+)
value decrease or lower or smaller
1918. (-) (-) (-)
prices. quantities
$ $ $ $
3,369 - 2,043 - -2,043
29,250 -15,222 -4,457 -10,765
14,464 + 1,386 +36 + 1 , 350
1,205 -306 -77 -229
499 -452 +23 -475
4,754 -1, 701 -1,001 -700
435 -366 -26 -340
37,003 -19,185 -13 -19,172
20,694 - 2,892 +2,298 -5,190
2,862 -500 -265 -235
14 -5 - -5
114,549 -41,286 -3,482 -37,804

.11/Xl'.:U.l LS

:W7

...-:\llru'r..1 JÞrodlldlon of ('an.HI:.. ('oll1l)ar('d ..
to Qualltit). and \ :.11((.', for the
('alt'ndar '"('ars 1915 :uuI19J!J ("OtlO" omith'd )-conelud('d.

Products.

'\oll-metallic.
..Ex('ppt :"'tructural mntl'r-I
iab and day products.)
_\r:--l'nic, "hitl' and in ore.
--\sbestos.
- \:"'.)('
tic. .. _ .
Chrol1litc......... . . . .
Coal.. "....
Corundum..... .
Feldspar. _ . . . . . .
}'Iuor:-par _ . . . . . .
Graphite... . .
(;rind::,tonPR. .
(; :ypsum
)Ia.gnc
ite. . . .
)Iica.. . .
)Iineral piJ!:mpnts-
Raryh':i... .
O}.idc
. . . . .
Xaturull!us... .
PNrolpum.
Pyritp::!... .. .
Quartz. .

alt . .. . .
Talc.. ".
Tripolite. . . .
Other urtide
. ......

Total .......... .1

StrlU'turötl 'Iah'rlals and I
(1a) JÞrod ut'ts.
Cemf'nt, Portland"
Brick, common......
Bric
, pn>ssed... . .
Fin'proofing... . . . . . . " . . . .
Hollow building blocks. . .
:"'\ewerpipe. . .
Tile, drain.
( )ther clay products..
Lime....... ....

and lime brick. . _
:,and and gra vd" . .
:::;Iate. . . .
Stone. . . . . . . .

Total...__.....

Grand totals. . . .

In('rease or decrease
per cent.

.
I n('rcas{ Dul' to Due to
_ \ctual Yalue a.t ..\ctual (+) or higlwr( +) lar
{'r (+)
'\ aIm'. pri('{'s of valu(' d ('(, rea:-;p or lowl'r or small{'r
un9. 191b. IH]So,. (-) (-) '(-)
pri('p:-.. q uantitic:s
S S S S S
510 ..
() ,')().J -54 +R4 -1:
8
10, H(}!t
, f..tO
,937 + 1. 972 +2,26H -297
66 -15 34 +32 +21 +11
229
36
67 -li:';
-107 -531
54,413 ,10,413 5:;,193 -7
O +4,000 -4,7S0
- - 2G -26 - -26
ð()

113 -27 -2 -25
flS 107 ]56 -.3S -!I -4H
100 1O
24
t -14!f -8 -141
61 .54
:J -22 +7 -29
1. 215 1. fil6 b23 +392 -401 +79J
:J29 :!HI 1,017 -68ð +3R -726
274 1,001 <)-<) +2 -727 +729
-1-

7 10 -2 +1 -3
113 77 112 +1 +36 -35
4,176 4,307 4,351 -175 -131 -44
736 fW

.j -I4B +3R -um
523 731 1, .(15 -1,1f.i2 -20R - H74
.52' 223 630 -102 +3('5 -407
1,3HS 1,446 1,2
5 +113 -48 +161
116 122 119 -3 -6 +3
11 14 12 -1 -3 +2
103 96 179 -76 +7 -R3
.6.00
;0.8-16 .7.62.! - 1 . S'!O +5,156 -6,776
9,8(:2 9,842 7,076 +2,726 -40 +2,766
3,850 3,320 l,b80 + 1. 970 +530 + 1,440
1,304 I,IR5 639 +665 +119 +546
345 334 227 +118 +11 +107
77 57 41 +36 +20 +16
1,0.4 1,202 700 +374 -128 +502
616 507 499 +117 +109 +8
639 581 598 +41 +5R -17
2,311 2,107 1,876 +435 +204 +231
4F5 428 186 +299 +57 +242
2,6
0 2,178 2,367 +313 +502 -IS9
11 9 5 I +6 +2 +4
4,227 3,964 3,037 + 1, 190 +263 +927
I 2;..{21 "?5, .1-1 19,131 I +8,290 + 1,707 +6,5R3
I 1.6,G
6 173,305
1l ,302 -3-1,616 +3.381 -37.997
I - - - -16 3 +1.6 -17-9

1
427-20

308

PRODUCT fO,-'?

78.-'.alue of l\lineral Production in Canada, 1886-1920.

Calen- Value Calen-
dar Total value. per dar Total value.
Year. capita. Year.
$ $ cts $
1886.... . 10,221,255 2.23 1898.. . 38,412,431
1887.. .. . 10,321,331 2.23 1899.. . 49,234,005
1888... .. 12,518,894 2.67 1900.. . 64,420,877
1889.... . 14,013,113 2.96 1901. . . 65,797,911
1890.... . 16,763,353 3.50 19Q2.. . 63,231,836
1891. .. .. 18,976,616 3.92 1903.. . 61,740,513
1892.... . 16,623,415 3.39 1904.. . 60,082,771
1893.... . 20,035,082 4.04 1905.. . 69,078,999
1894.... . 19,931,158 3.98 1906.. . 79,286,697
1895. .. .. 20,505,917 4.05 1907.. . 86,865,202
1896.. . .. 22,474,256 4.38 1908.. . 85,557,101
1897. .... 28,485,023 5.49 IG09.. . 91,831,441

Value Calen- \ alue
per dar Total value. per
capita. Year. capita.
$ cts. $ $ cts.
7.32 1910.. . 106,823,623 15.44
9.27 1911.. . 103,220,994 14.42
12.04 1912.. . 135,048,296 18.39
12.16 1913.. . 145,634,812 19.34
11.36 1914.. . 128,863,075 16.68
10.83 1915. . . 137,109,171 17.29
10.27 1916.. . 177,201 ,534 21.77
11.49 1917.. . 189,646,821 22.68
12.81 1918.. . 211,301,897 24.59
13.75 1919.. . 176,686,390 19.59
13.16 1920 1 . . 217,775,080 2-1. 12
13.70

79.-\,Talue of lUinerals produced in Canada b)" Provinces in the Calendar Years
1918, 1919 and 1920.
191

1918.
Province. Per cent.
Value. of total.
$ p.c.
ova Scotia. . . . . . . . 22,317,108 10.56
ew Brunswick. . . 2,144,017 1.01
ucbec........ . . 19,605,347 9.28
ntario. . . . . . . . . 94,694,093 44.82
anitoba....... . _. . 3,220,424 1.53
skatche-wan. . .. . 1,019,781 0.48
Iberta... . 23,109,987 10.94
ritish Columbia... 42,835,509 20.27
ukon Territory.... 2,355,631 1.11
Total. . . . . . . . . . _ 211,301,8971 100.00

N
N
Q
o
M
Ha
A
B
Y

Value.

9. 1920 1 .
Per cent. Per cent.
of total. Value. of total.
p.c. $ p.c.
13.27 30,187,533 13.86
1.00 2,225,261 1.02
12.04 27,722,502 12.73
38.44 78,749,178 36.16
1.62 3,900,207 1.79
0.86 1,711,580 0.79
11.94 33,721,898 15.49
19.73 38,044,915 17.47
1.10 1,512,006 0.69
I 100.00 217,775,0801 100.00
I

$
23,445,215
1,770,945
21,267,947
67,917,998
2,868,378
1,521,964
21,087,582
34,865,427
1,940,934
176,686,390

80.- Quantit)" of Gold produced in Canada b)" Provinces during the Calendar

.ears 1901-1920.

Nova
Year. Scotia.

Oz. fine.
1901... 26,459
1902... 30,348
1903... 25,533
1904... 10,362
1905... 13,707
1906... 12,223
1907... 13,675
1908... 11,842
1909... 10,193
1910... 7,928
1911... 7,781
1912.. . 4,385
1913... 2,174
1914... 2,904
1915... 6,636
1916.. . 4,562
1917... 2,210
1918... 1,176
1919.. . 850
1920 1 . . 690

Ontario. I
Ianitoba. British Yukon
.\1 berta. Columbia Territory. Total.
Oz. fine. Oz. fine. Oz. fine. Oz. fine. Oz. fine. Oz. fine.
11 , 844 - 726 257,292 870,750 1,167,216
11,118 - 48-1 288,383 701,437 1,032,161
9,076 - 48 284,108 592,594 9n,539
1,935 - 24 275,975 507,938 796,374
4,402 - 121 285,529 381,001 684,951
3,022 - 39 269,886 270,900 5.56,415
3,212 - 33 236,216 152,381 405,517
3,212 - 50 286.858 174,150 476,112
1,569 - 25 250,320 191,565 4.53,865
3,089 - 89 261,386 221,091 493,707
2,062 - 10 238,496 224,197 473,159
86,523 - 73 251,815 268,447 611,885
219,801 - - 297,459 282,838 802,973
268,264 - 48 252,730 247,940 773,178
406,577 - 195 273,376 230,173 918,056
492,481 - 82 219,633 212,700 930,492
423,261 440 - 133,742 177,667 738,831
411,976 1,926 27 180,163 102,474 699,681
50.5,739 724 24 167,252 90,705 766,764
564,959 781 - 127,387 72, 140 766,912

Quebec.
Oz. fine.
145
391
180
140
191
165

193
124
613
642
701
1,299
1,099
1,034
1,511
1,939
1,470
955

lSubject to revision.

JIISFH.1L:3

309

St.-Yah... uf f
()ld produ('('d In ('all:ula b) .-rmhu'.'s durin r flU' f'alt'ndar Y.'..rs
1901-t9'
O.

oYa I \Iani h.ba. I British Yukon
:-\1 ot ia Queb('('. ( )n tario. 4\IUl'rta. <.. 'oJumbia l'l'rritory.

I ! ! S S S
54f),9fi:J. 3,000. 244, 8:
7 - 15,000, ,I), 31S, 70:
IS,OOO,OhO
tt:?7, 3.171 8,07:31 2:?9,S:?
1 - 10,000 1 5, ma, 409 14,500,000
1 "" O'
f'
.1):?7, S06. 3.712 1 . L. . )1 - 1,000, .3,S73,030 12,2.')0,000
214,:?O9 2,900 40,000 1 - .300, 5, ;04, HOS 10, jOO, 000
2b3, 353 1 3,940 1 91,000 1 - 2, .500, 5,
IO:?, 402 7, S70, 000
252,070 1 3,4
21 Oft, l!)a I -
oo 5, .')79, O:

/ 5,OOO,00tJ
:!
2, fiSt), fit;, 3HH I - H7.') 4, .'\S3, O:?O' 3, 1,')0, ()()()
N4,79f1 (jfj, :3S!l j - I,m7 .'), 9:?!I, .

\O I 3, (i()() , 000
210,71) 3,990 :
2, 4:?; - .12.1 ,I), 174, 57!} 3,9HO,O()()
lü3,891 2,56,) I ():
, S4!I - I, 8ãP j')' 4ltJ, 31; 4,.370,
fj

ltiO, 8.> 12,6721 4'> f.)J - 207 4,9
0,14ã 4,h
4,574
-, )-')1
90, 6:

I:
, 270\ 1. 788, ,')9fi - l.ãOl15'20ã'4
ã 5, .;4!1, :?!lH
44, 9a.1/ !,
,

H
,
4
,
n
- - 6,149, 0:?7 S, 84(;,780
(jO, O:
1/ ..b,/O!-.1 ,1,,)4:>,.,0.1 - 9!J
,), :?24, 39:1 .1,12.>,374
137, I
(li 22, no s, 404, tiH:
1 - 4, 02f
5,6:;1, 1M 1 4, 75S, ow...
94.305 21,375IO,IF;0,4S;\ - 1,(i
I,')1 4..')40,21&: -I, 3HG, fll)()
45,fiS.') 31,2:35 8, 74!J,.;SI 9, {I!I;) - I 2, 71)4, ft9:
1 :3, f.72, 7m
24.
!Ol 40,0..1\3 8,5 W, 2ml 139, G3
' .'),').\ 3,624. 47ft l 2, liS, :
2.')
. I --

"\ Pfir. I

Total.

s

HIOI. .
HI(I:!. _ .
H.I();3. _ .
1904. .
190.j. .

Hill.. .
UJl2.. .
1913.. .
1914...
Hll.).. .
191ü.. .
1917...
HitS.. .
HJl9.. .
I
J201. .

17 ,,")
11

30, :1s.
10,4.)4, .1.),i I
-I -

14, !I
II

5()() 3,4,)/,40" 1 '
-I -

4. I
S,50

I
1, 33ft. fjG7
I IS, S4:
, !)!)()
1J(),4()2,SI7
114, 1.19,19.)
Ill, !)02, I
O
I H, :3S2, 780
I 9,S42,1O.>
I ! J , :>f-'2, :?:' (J
lO,
Ò:;,S
5
9, 7SI, 077
12, Cì-l,\, Î
J.!
lit), .>!lS, tJ2:

I.'), !/S:J, 007
11H, 977, tJ()1
II!J, 2:H, Hilj
1.'), 27:?, H9:?
14, 41i:J, wm
1,
/.),039 15,850,42:3
- 15, 853, 4i

1901i.. .
HWï " .
190
.. .
19()4.J. . .
HUO..,

XOTE.-For tlU' yt'ar:-. I
O:? to 1900,
f'f' Canada Y('ar Book, 191t)-17, p.
fj
anù 2ml.

82.- (Juan tit) and Yahlt' of """ilH'r I)rodu.'('d In ('anad.. during tht' ('alcndar lcar!!t
1

;-19.!O.

"\ car.

Oz.

Yalu('.

1 ear. Uz, Valm'. Y('ar. Uz. Y al ue.
S 5
IS9S.. . 4,452,333 2,593,92g 1909. . '1.7,529,473 14,lï
, 504
189n.. . 3,411,G44 1 2,032, 05b i 1910. . 32,
ft9, 2ft4 17, 5S0, 45.

I 1900.. . 4,40S.225: 2,740,302 1911 . . :32,559,044 17,3.;5,272
1901. . . 5,539,192 3,2G5,354 1 1912. . . 31 , n.1!) , 5f)0 19,440,1G5
I 190:? . . . 4'291'3171 2,23R,351 191:L. . 31 , 84,5, 803 19,040,924
I 1903. .. 3,198, ,181 1,709,642 1914. . . 2H,449,821 15,593,6:31
1904.. . 3, .;77 ,,126 2, 047, 095 1 191.1. . . 26, H2.1, 900 13,228,842
I 1905.. . G, 000, 02
3,621, 133' 1910.. . 25,4.59,741 16,717,121
I90G. . . 8,473,379' 5,659,455 1 1917. . . 22,221,274 18,091,89.1
1907. .. 12,779,799 1 8,348,G59 1 1918. . . 21,3
3,979 20, G!):
, 704
I 1908.. . 22,I06,233111'686.239i 1919. . 16,020, G.57 17,802,474
I 1920 1 .. . 12,793,541 12,908,683

18b7... .\
18ðS.... .
18b9.... .
1890... .
1891.. . . .
1892.... .
1893.... .
1894.... .
1
9.3.. . . .
IMI6.... .
1
97... . .

355,083
437,2J2
38:J,318
400, f>87
414,523
310,651
-I
847, G9i I
1,578, 275 1
3,205,343
5,558,456 1

S I
34 - '>- 1 1
1 , ..I
410, 99

358,78,5 1
419,IIS
40Y,54!)
272,130
330, 128
5:34,04H
1,0:m,
H9
2,149,.103
3,323, :395

I
ubjf'ct to reyj:;:ion.

310

PRODUCTIO
V

83.-Quantity and '.alue of Silver produced in Canada, b,- Prodnces during the
f'alt'ndar Years, 1901-1920. '

Year.

Yukon
Territory.

Ontario. Quebec. Bri tish
Columbia.
Oz. $ Oz. $ Oz. $
151,400 89,250 41,459 24,440 5,151,333 3,036, 711
145, 000 75,632 42,500 22,168 3,917,917 2,043,586
17,777 9,502 28,600 15,287 2,996,204 1,601,471
206,875 118,376 15,000 8,583 3,222,481 1,843,935
2,451,356 1,479,442 19,620 11,841 3,439,417 2,075,757
5,401,766 3,607,894 17,686 11,813 2,990,262 1,997,226
9,982,363 6,521,178 16,000 10,452 2,745,448 1,793,519
19,398,545 10,254,847 13,299 7,030 2,631,389 1,391,058
24,822,099 12,784,126 13,233 6,815 2,649,141 1,364,387
30,366,366 16,241,755 7,593 4,061 2,407,887 1,287,883
30,540,754 16,279,443 18,435 9,827 1,887,147 1,005,924
29,214,025 17,772,352 9,465 5,758 2,651,002 1,612,737
28,411,261 16,987,377 34,573 20,672 3,312,343 1,980,483
25,139,214 13,779,055 57.737 31, 646 3,159,897 I, 731, 971
22,748,609 11,302,419 63.450 31,524 3,565,852 1,771,658
21,608,158 14,188,133 98,610 64,748 3,392,872 2,227,794
19,301,835 15,714,975 136,194 110,885 2,655,994 2,162,430
17,198,737 16,643,562 178,675 172,907 3,921,336 3,794,755
12,117,878 13,465.628 140,926 156,600 3,713,537 4,126,556
9,542,466 - 60,874 - 3,158,707 -

Oz.
195,000
185,900
156,000
133,170
89,630
63,665
35,988
63,000
45,000
81,418
112,708
81,068
87,626
92, 973
248,049
360, 101
119,60.j
71,915
27, 5.56
16,164

1901. . . . .
1902. . .. .
1903.... .
1904.... .
1905.... .
1906.. .. .
1907.. . . .
1908.. . . .
1909.... .
1910.... .
1911.... .
1912.... .
1913.... .
1914.... .
1915.... .
1916.... .
1917.....
1918.... .
1919... . .
1920 1 ... .

New
Brunswick.

$
114,953
96, 98.5
83,262
76,201
54,093
42,522
23, .510
33,304
23,176
46,756
60,078
49,318
52,393
50,9.59
123,241
236,446
97,379
69,594
30,621

Oz.

Oz.

Manitoba.

$

1917.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1918............................................... .
1919.............................. ..................
1920 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

445

363 7,201
13,316
20,760
15,330

$
5,863
12,886
23,069

NOTE.-For the year 1887 to 1900, see Canada Year Book, 1916-1917, p. 271.
84.-Quantity and \'alue of COPI>er produced in C-'anada, by provin('"es, during the
C-'alendar Years 1901-1920.

Year

Ontario.

Total.

Quebe(;.

Briti:::;h Columbia.

1901
1902
1903
1904
1905

Lb.
8,695,831
7,408,202
7,172,533
4,913,594
8,779,259

$
4,448,896
3,44ð,4
8
4,547,735
4,579,110
5,876,222

Lb.
37,827,019
38,684,21)9
42,684,454
41,3R3,722
48,092,753

5 Lb. I
1,401,507 1.527,442
861,2781.640,000
949,285 1, 1.52,000
630,070 760,000
1,368,6
6 1.621,243

$ Lb.
246,17827,603,746
190,66629,636,057
152,467 ;H, 3.59, 921
97,4.5535,710,128
252,7.52 37,692,251

$
6,096,581
4,497,432
5,649,487
5,306,635
7,497,660

1906 10,638,231 2,050,838 1,981,169 381,9::W 42,990,488 8,287,706 55,609,888 10.720,474
190714,104,337 2,821,4321,517,990 303,65940,832,720 8,168,177 56,4.55,04711,203,268
1908 15,005,171 1,981,883 1. 2
2, 024 169,33047,274,614 6,244,031 63,561,809 8,395,244
190915.746,699 2,044,2371,088,212 141.27235,6.58,9.52 4,629,245 52,493,863 6,814,754
1910 19,259,016 2,453,213 877.347 111,7573.5,270,006 4,492,693 55,692,369 2 7,094,094 2
191117,932,263 2,219,297 2,436,190 301,503 35,279,558 4,366,198 55,648,011 6,886,998
191222,250,601 3,635,971 3,282,210 536,34650,526,656 8,2.56,561 77,832,127 12,718,548
191325,885,929 3,952,5223.45.5,887 .527.67945.791,579 6,991,916 76,976,92511,753,606
191428,948,211 3,937,5364,201,497 571,48841,219,202 5,606,636 75,735,960 10,301,606
191539,361,4646,799,6934,197,482 725,11556,692,9889,793,714100,785,15017,410,635
191644,997,035 12,240,0945,703,34'11,551,42463,642,550 17,312,046 117,150,028 31,867,150
191742,867,774 11,651,461 5,015,560 1,363,22957,730,959 15,691,275 109,227,332 3 29,687,989 3
191847,074,47511,593,5025,869,649 1,445,577 62,865,68115,482,5GO 118,769,43429,250,536
191924,346,623 4,550,6272,691,695 5m, 105 44,502,079 8,317,884 75,053,581 14,028,265
1920 1 31,980,067 5,582,440 768,282 134,11145,344,434 7,915,324 81,155,36014,166,479
1Subject to revision.
2lncludes 286.000 lb., valued at $36,431, produced in Nova Scotia and Yukon Territory,
not given separately.
3lncludes 36,960 lb.. valued at $10,045, from New Brunswick and Alberta, not given
.separately.

JIISER.tLS

311

SI - QILantlt)' .uld 'ahll" of ('ol)))c'r I)r()(hu'c'd in ('anada b) I)rO\Ïlu'('S durin" th.-
('"It'ndar "c'ars 1901-19'!O -('onf"lwlc.l.

J'JWDrCTIOX IX
I.\XITOB.' .\XD 1 rÀo
TERRITORY (I
CLUDED I
TOT.\L8).

'\ ear.

'Ia.nitoba.
(indudpII in totals.)

ì ukon Territorv.
(inl>luùf'ù in totaÌs.)

HH2.
HH:L
IHl4.
HH.=) ,
IHl().
HH7.
1!ItS.
Im9.
Ht!OI.. .

Lh.

Lb.

s

1,772, fWO; 2S9,670
1,
4;
,.,)30: 2
1,4S!J
1,:W7,OjO / lR.'),94fj
533,2l6 H2,113
2,
07, OHf' I ' 'it):}, fisn
II, 116. UOO :W3,329 2, 4f)0, 07!) 6fi8. f).')O
:!,339,7.,)1 .=)76,234 619
IS 1.')2,f)/i:J
10) 34 L' 000 f ..). --- 16
' I '- S I 30 S -I
.). ,
. )_.').11.) a, l"t .,1-.
I
ot
i\"en Xot
iven Xot J.,'Í."enl Sot J,!:lVl'11
I

:\arE.-For diP ycar
18SG to WOO, "Pl' Canada. '\ car Book, 1!)16-17, p. 272.

!o\.).
QlIantit) and ,""Iue of
ic''''('II'!"oclllc'c'd III ('an,ula durill' the ('al('ndar Yc'ar

h
9-19'!O.

ì ear I (luantity.

Valul'.

\ alup.

1 HOO
IHOI
IHO:!
IH03
1904
1 no,')
190n
IH07
1905
I Ho!)
1910

I
Quantity Valup.
Lh.

i,OSn,2:!7 3,327,707
9, ISH, 047 4. .')94. .')2:j
10, fiH:J, 410 .j. O:?j, 90:1
12, .')0.). 510 5,OO:!.204
10. .,)47,&
3 4.219. I.=)3
IS, S7f). 31.') 7, 5.')0, .j26
21,490,9.'),,) 8. 94\), S:J4
21,IS9.793 9, .j:15, 407
19, 14:L 111 8, 2:
1.5:18
26, 282,9!H 9, 4(a, 877
37,271,033 11,IS1,310

10, 2:?9,û:!3
l:J, 452, 4û3
14, 90:1 , O:t?
1
, f).').j, 381
20.492,.')U7
29, m.j, 498
3:J, 7a:?, 112
'37,002,917
17 , 8 17 , g."):j
24, 4.j4, 5!J7

Year.

Y<,ar. Quantity.

1
69
IS90
1
91
IS92
IS93
lS94
1S9.")
1S9f)
1S97
I
P

1899

Lh.
S
0,4ï7
1, 43.j, 74

4,035,347
2,413,717
3,9S2,9S2
4,907,430
3, SSS, .j:?5
3,397,113
3.997,647
5,517,690
5,744,000

49S,2SG
9:
:j, 232
2,421,20

1,3H9,9.')f)
2,071,1.jl
1,RiO, 9.
S
1,360.9
4
1, 1
"). 9
IO
1,399,176
1,820,838
2,067,840

Lb.
1911 34, O!J'\, 744
1912 44, '\41, .14

1913 t9,n76,772
1914 t.j,.j17,9:
7
191.j l(i
,:W,t),f)57
I !H f) 182, 9.')R, .jf).!
1917 182,330,:?
0
1918 92,j07.:?93
1919 44,544,SS

1920 1
1,la6,493

lSubject to revision.

"6.-1"-oduction of Principal Uinerals in ('anada for the (.'alendar Years 1909-19'!O

Year. Lead. Iron Ore Zinc Production.

hipmcnt8.
Lb. I s Ton
. S Tons. S
1909.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,857,424 1,692,139 1 268,043 659,316
1910.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,987,50"'1 1, 216,
49! 259,418 574,362
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,784,969 827, 717 210,344 522,319,
1912................. . 35, 763'476i 1,597,55-1.\ 215,883 523,315
1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,662,703 1,754,705, 307,634, 629,843
1914................. . 36,337,765 1 1,627,568, 244,854 542,041
1915 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,316,450 2,593,721, 398, 112
774,427
1916................. . 41,497,615 3,532,692 275,lï6 715,107 11 , 682 2,991,623
1917................. . 32,576,28] 3,628,020 1 215,302 758,621 14,834 2,640,817
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,398,002 4,754,315 211,608i 885,893 17,542 2,862,436
1919.... . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 43,827,699. 3,053. 037 1 197,170 693,386 16, 097 2,36
,44

1920 1 . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,985,974, 3,038,346 127,826 .110,525 20,083 3,081,149
18ubject to revision.

312

PRODrCTIOJ.V

86.-Production of Principal
linl'rals in Canada for the Calendar Years 1909-1920
-concluded.

PIG IRON.

Year.

Totals.

K ova Scotia.

Que bee.

Ontario.

1909.... .
1910.... .
1911.... .
1912.....
1913.....
1914... ..
1915.... .
1916.... .
1917.... .
1918.... .
1919.... .
1920 1 .... .

354,380 3,453,800,
350,287 4,203,444
390,242 4,682,904'
424,994 6,374,910 1 '
480,068 7,201,020
227,052 2,951,676
420,275 5,463, 575j
470,055 7,050,825
472,14710,387,234 1
415,870 10, 451,400 1 1
285,087 7,141,641
- -

Tons. $

Tons. I
4,770
3, 237 1
658

$

Tons. $

Tons. $

407,012 6,002,441
447,273 6,956,923
526,635 7,606,939
589,593' 8,176,089
648,899 9,338,992
556,112 7,051,180
493,500 5,910,624
699,202 9,700,073
(;98,333 14,638,726
772,232 2 22,624,250
624,993 17,104,15]

125.623
85,255
17,282

757,162 9,581,864
800,797 11,245,622
917,535 12,307,125
1,014,58714,550,999
1,128,96716,540,012
783,16410,002,856
913,77511,374,199
1,169,257 16,750,898
1,170,48025,025,960
1, 195, 551 33, 495, 171
917,78124,577,589
1,090,31830,578,253

7,44Y 419,.521
I. 1
11331. 1:11

COAL.

Year.

Nova
Scotia.

1909...... .
1910.......
1911.......
1912.......
1913.... .
1914.... .
1915..... . .
1916...... .
1917...... .
1918.......
1919...... .
1920 1 . . . . . .

Tons.
5,652,089
6,431,142
7,004,420
7,783,888
7,980,073
7,370,924
7,463,370
6,912,140
6,327,091
5,818,562
5,720,373
6,395,545

New
Bruns-
wick.

Saskat- British Yukon Total
chewan. Alberta. Columbia Terri- produc- Value.
tory. tion.
r
Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. $
192,125 1,994,741 2,606,127 7,364 10,501,475 24,781,236
181, 156 2,894,469 3,330,745 16,185 12,909,152 30,909,779
206,779 1,511,036 2,542,532 2,840 11,323,388 26,467,646
225,342 3,240,577 3,208,997 9,245 14,512,829 36,019,044
212,897 4,014,755 2,714,420 19,722 15,012,178 37,334,940
232,299 3,683,015 2,239,799 13,443 13,637,529 33,471,801
240, 107 3,360,818 2,065,613 9,724 13,267,023 32,111,182
281,300 4,559,054 2,584,061 3.300114.483.395 38.817.481
355,445 4,736,368 2,433,888 4,872 14,046,75943,199,831
346,847 5,972,816 2,568,589 2,90014,977,92655,192,896
380.169 4,964,535 2,435,933 1,100,13,681,21854,413,349
349,860 6,859,346, 2,856,920 763116,623,59877,326,85

Tons.
49,029
55,455
55,781
44,780
70,311
98,049
127,391
143,540
189,095
268,212
179,108
161,164

3

87.-Production of Asbestos and Asbt'stic In Canada for the Call'ndar Yl'ars 1909-19
0.

Years. Asbestos. Asbestic. Total.
Tons. I $ Tons. $ Tons. $
1909................... . 63,349 2,284,587 23,951 17,188 87,300 2,301,775
1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,508 2,555,974 24,707 17,629 102,215 2,573,603
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101,393 2,922,062 26,021 21,046 127,414 2,943,108
1912................... . 111, 561 1 3,117,572 24,740 19,707 136,301 3,137,279
1913.. ..... .............. 136,951 3,830,909 24,135 19,016 161,086 3,849,925
1914................... . 96,542. 2,892,266 21,031 17,540 117,573 2,909,806
1915................... . 111,142 1 3,553,166 25,700 21,819 136,842 3,574,985
1916................... . 133,439. 5,199,797 20,710 29,072 154,149 5,228,869
1917. .. . ............. . 135,502 7,183,099 18,279 47,284 153,781 7,230,383
1918...... . ........... . 141,462 8,936,804 16,797 33,993 158,259 8,970,797
1919.... . . ............ . 136,765 10,909,452 22, 471 65,917 159,236 10,975,369
1920 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,731 13,677,841 20,956 57,601 188,687 13,735,442

lSubject to revision.
2Includes a small tonnage made in electric furnaces in British Columbia.

JIIXEU.tLS

3]3

.- )troduction of Cenlent. In ('anad.a for the ('alt.ndar '\t".u!o. l!tO')-I!J
O.

Year.

1
t02 . . , . .
HJ03.... .
1 !)04 ....
1
}05 .
1 H(,6. .
1 H07 . . .. . .
1 nos. .
I
Hm... .
H)10.......
1911.....
HH2..
HH3......
HH 4 ...
tHt5.
HHt).... .
1
lt7
t!lt8... .
HIt H..... .
HI:?O'. .

\ Katuml rock CCJllPnt.
hrl. I s
127,931 9S,932
92,252 74.655'
56,SI4' 50.247 1
14, IS4 I 10,274
S,610 6,052
5, 77;')1 4.04:
'
1,044' s15

Portlund ('l:Jlll"nt.

hrl. I
5!)4, 594
627, 7411
010,35

1. :Hfi, .HS I
2.119.764 1
2, 436, O!I:i '
2, litiS, 289:
4,067.70!l
4, ïS:i. 97.')
5,@2.915'
.. 13 ') .. 3 ') \
'. -,,-,

. 6.')S, SU.:; I
7,lï2,4f\ 0 1
.1) . liS 1 , (132
.3 , :JW. 5(jO I
4. 71).
, "",I,'
3, ;'!H , 4
1
-i, !}!I,:;. 2.j 71
Ii. fì51, !}bO
I

I, 02S, 61

1. 150, 5!}2,
1, 2Sï, !192,
1,913.740
3, 1ß4,
Oi I
3,777,32

3,709,13U I
5,345,
02
6.412.215
7,644.5:i7
9, 1 Oli. .3.36\
1l.OH}.41S,
H, IS7.
1241
( ' (1-- 0 ') t
).iJll, _""f j
6,547,721,
7, 724, 24(i
7.(J76,503

9. S02. 4:i:J,
14, 7US. Oï() I

Total Cf'l1ll'nt.

brl. I
722,525
710, !}!):i
!l67,17:!
I . :i60, 7:i2
2,12,\0,,:374 j
2,441 , S6" I
2 , 6()f), 333
4,(J67,709 1
4.7j3,!}7.3,
5, mJ2, !115
7, 1:32. 7:i2
S,6.>S,S05.
7. 172.4S0.
5. (iSI, 0:i2
5, 3()!}, jf)O I
4, 76S,4S
1
:i, ,jU I, 4S J
4. !I!),j. 2571
6, liS I,
}S(JI

'5
1,127,;).30
1,225,247
I , 338 , 23!)
l,U2.J.,014
3,170,N5!1
3,7S1,3ïl
3,70!l,954
5, :H;', S02
6,412,21.3
7, (i44 , 5:i7
9, lO6, .')56
1l,Ol!l,41S
9,IS7,H24
6,!l77,024
6,547,72S
7.724,246
7,076,.3()3
9, S02, 4:J3
14,798,070

I::--U hjPct to revi:-ion.

Iron Blast Furnaces in Canada in t 920.- Of
() furu:ll"l':-{
}.=) wpre in hla:-\t in 1 D20 for Yaryin
period:; of titHe. 'Tht' total daily
eapacity of the 20 furnact-'
is about 4,hVO grú:>:> ton:>. 'rhe op('rating
("0111 panic:;, ,,-it h nUln})('T:, and ea pa("itic
uf furna
:c
, "pre B.... follo\\.s -:

ÐO:YIXIOX IRo.s l.\.
TEEL Co.,
ydney, C.ll.:
ix completed furnaces; one of 350 tons
('apacity and five of 250 tons coa},nlcity ('ach pcr day; three opprated practicc.111y throughout
the year; one for 337 days and one for 40 days; one furnll'c idle throughout the year.
XO\"A &OTU BTEEL &., CO.'L Co., LTD., Xe\\ Gla
gow,
.B.: T\\o stacks and onp spt of

to\"es at ::;ydne
'lines, C.B., of 2.30 tons capacity; operated throughout the year.
LOXDOXDERR1: IRox l.\.
hXIXG Co., LTD., Londonderry, :x.
. (in liquidation); onp fur-
na\'c of 100 tons capaf'ity idlc throughout the ycar-not operatpd since l!IOð.
:\hDL'ND IROX &
TEEL Co., LTD., Midland, Ont. Taking oyer '\Iidland bla:-t furnal'c
plant of Canada Iron Foundries, Ltd., of '[ontreal, Que.: on(" furnace of 130 tons c31-acity at
:\lirlland, Ont., opprated
2 days.

T.'SDARD IRo
Co., LTD" Dp:-eronto, 0nt.: one furnace at Ðp:-('ronto with a daily
capaeity of 55 tons, operated 312 days; one furnace of 6,:-; tons at Parry
ound, idle throughout
the yc'ar, not op!'rated since 1913-801d to and b('ing re-built by the Parry :-Sound Iron Co.,
Ltd., :\lidland.
THE :-;TEEL CO
tpANY OF CAX-'D." LTD., Hamilton, Ont.: Two furnacc'
--one of 260 tons
eapaeity, operatc'd for 313 days, a second furnace of 430 ton::! ('apaeity, operated 365 days.
ALGO
fA
TEEL CORPORATIOX, LTD., bault 8t('. :\lariC", Ont.: four furnace
at St('elton,
nc'ar
ault Ste. )[arie: two of 300 tons capacity ('aeh; one of ,
oo tons and one of 400 tons.
Xo. 1 in blast 5(jj days; Xo, 2, 309 days; 1\0 3,
Sl clays, and :\0. 4, 278 days.
THE ATIKOKAN IRox Co., LTD., Port Arthur, Ont.: one furnacc of 175 tons capacity
idle throul!;hout the year, not operated since 1911.
THE CAXADB.X "FGRXAC'E Co., LTD., Port Colbornf', Ont.: one furnaee of 325 tons capac-
ity opl'rated 3135 days in 1918.

Electric Fumace Plants in Canada in 1920.-1"he plants
are engaged in Inaking pig-iron from scrap Inetal, chiefly
teel follow-
ing turnings.
FRASER, BRACE & Co., LTD.: Furnace plant at Shawinigan FaIls, Que.: one single phase
6-ton non-tilting furnace.
ELECTRO FOUXDRIES, LTD., OriIlia: one &-ton thrÞe phase type non-tilting electric
furnace.
WM. KEXXEDY &. SO
::', Collingwood: one 4-
-ton three pha
e non-tilting electric fur-
nace.

314

PRODUGTIO_V

TURNBULL ELECTRO METALS, LTD., St. Catharines, Ont.: one 6-ton three phase non-tilting
electric furnace.
BRITISH FORGINGS, LTD., Toronto, Ont.: an electric steel furnace plant comprising ten
6-ton Heroult furnaces some of which were used for the production of pig-iron during a portion
of 1917 and 1918.
TIVANI ELECTRIC STEEL Co., LTD., Belleville, Ont.: one 2-ton; one i-ton and O1:e i-ton
electric furnace (usej for maki:g pig-iron).
BOW"MANVILLE FOUNDRY Co., LTD., Bowmanville, Ont.: one i-ton Gronwall Dixon
elf'ctric furnace.
HULL IRON & STEEL FOUNDRIES, HULL, QUE.: one 6-ton three phase tilting type electric-
furnace-first production in April, 1918.
ELECTRIC SMELTING Co.. Brantford, Ltd.,:Hull, Que.: one 4-ton electric furnace-first
production in June, 1918.
COLUMBH IRON & STEEL Co., LTD., Port Moody, B.C.: one 6-ton Heroult-electric
furnace-first production in May, 1918.
TUDHOPE ELECTRO-METALS, LTD., Vancouver, B.C.: one 5-ton stationery three phase
electric furnace, first operated Dec. 29, 1918.
Other Electric Furnace plants were used in 1918 for the production of ferro-alloys, the
ferro-alloy plants being as follows:-
CANADIAN FERRO-ALLOYS, LTD., Shawinigan Falls, Que.: one 1-
-ton stationary type
electric furnace producing 50 p.c. ferro-siliC'on.
LEASIDE ::\IUNITIONS COMPANY, LTD., Beaupré, Que.: three stationary type electric
furnaces with capacity of 10 gross tons per 24 hours each producing 50 p.c. and 85 p.c. ferro-
silicon.
ELECTRO-METALS, LTD., 'Velland, Ont.: plant includes 8 electric furnaces producing ferro-
silicon of 25 p
c., 50 p.c., 75 p.c., and 85 p.c. grades.
INTERNATIONAL MOLYBDENUM Co., LTD., Orillia, Ont.: hvo small electric furnaces
producing ferro-molybdenum in 1917, and for a few months only in 1918.
ALGOMA STEEL CORPORATION, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.: producing spiegeleisen in blast
furnace.
The following firms were also engaged during 1918 in recovering low grade ferro-silicon
as a by-product in the manufacture of artificial abrasives in electric furnaces from bauxite:
D. A. BREBNER, LTD., Hamilton, Ont.: NATIONAL ABRA
IVE Co., Xiagara }'alls, Ont.; THE
EXOLON COMPANY, Thorold, Ont.; THE NORTON COMPANY, Chippewa, Ont.. THE CANA-
DIAN ALOXITE Co., Niagara Falls, Onto

Mines Departments of Provincial Governments.-In addi-
tion to the l\:lines Department of the Don1inion Government, from
".hose reports the foregoing tables and inforn1ation have been COln-
piled, there are Departments of l\Iines of the Provincial Government

of K ova Scotia, N e'v Bruns
Tick, Quebec, Ontario and Briti
h Col-
umbia, as ,veIl as the 1\lines Branch of the Department of Public
'V orks of the Provincial Government of ...\.lberta.

Nova Scotia.-In Nova Scotia, the principal nllnlng product
is coal; and according to the annual report of the DepartInent of
Public 'V orks and l\lines the quantity of coal raised in the year
ended September 30, 1919, ,vas 5,004,757 long tons, as conlpared
,vith 5,265,404 tons in 1918, 5,803,661 tons in 1917, and 6,496,472
tons in 1916, a decrease of 2GO,G-!7 tons as cOIn pared ,vith 1918,
and of 1,491,715 tons as compared ,vith 1916. The shortage of lnen
in the collieries and inadequate Ineans of transportation ,vere acutely
felt during the fiscal year 1919. The production of other lninerals
in 1919 ,vas, in short tons, as follo\vs, the corresponding figures of
1918 being given within parentheses: pig iron 334,500 (415,808);

][ ISER_1LS

31.3

:,tt'P} in
ot:-;, ;)'7 -1.
ðS (31 :!,:riï); liIIlt':"ÌOIH' ;3,');3.a7f) (40i ,O-lb); ("oke
.-dS,71:) (.-)
-!,

)});
Yp:'Ulll -lb,
f>S (;">(),blH): building; stone 7,430
(ö.lö3). 'Thp nUlnhpr of brick::; nUHlc ,va
I:? ,bÐ4,330, ab c01Hparpd
with 1;
,;3ï9,()UO in 1 BIb, al1<1 the production of drain-pipp and tile
wa:-: l)O."},b 72 f('pt, a:-; a
aillst 1,001, 7n2 f('pt in 1 HIS. "-fhe proùuction
of
old was 935 OZ., as cOlllpared with 1,27U 0/;. in lU18.

e\\ ßrunswick.-1]lP annual r<,port for th(' year puded vf'tober
31, 191U, of the
Iinistcr of Land::; and
Iint.;s,
ho" s that the quantity
of coal nlÌned in the year 1018-10 "n
1!)3,;)n
long ton:4, a
C'olnpared
,,-ith 22H,G17 ton:-\ in l
n7-1
and 1()-1,G17 ton
in 191ü-17. 1'he
dpcr 'a:::; · in H)lö-ln i:::; attribut'd to thc stoppa
e of ".ar order

tfter
the cC'':)::,ation úf hostilitie:') in KovPlnhpr, 1f)IS. Of
ypSUIll tht'
Hillshoro qU:lrries prodlu'('d in U} lð, 27,--l2.,) tOll:-\, ahout 1,UOO tOll'S
of ,,-hich were export 'd to the (J nit 'd Btatc::; in crude fOrIu, the rernain-
ing 23,
23 tons bcin(r Illanufa<'turcd in the Ifillshoro .:\Iill and distri-
buted throughout Canada and the United
tates.
Quebec.-The annnal report of the <llH'hec
uperint(,lld('nt of

Iillc
:-;how:-\ that the yalue of the Jnineral pro.luction of the proyince
for the calcndar ycar 191!J Lunounted to '-\:!(),hI3,t>70, a
l"olnpared
,,-ith
18,707,7ö2 for Hn
. 'l'hf' figure
for lUlU are the hiJ!,h('
t on
rceord. Of thp total, the proùuct:-; of the IniIH'::) prop<,r :lrp valued at

13,3üü,775, and building Inaterial:-- at
.),3-10,Hð7; the forllH'r
ho'v
all incrl"ü
c of 23.,) p.l'. and the latÍ<'r an iIH'f('a:-:p of 2 p.t. .\.11l0ng:4
the principal produet
, with their re
pe('tiYe valuc:3 in 191V, are tlS-
besto:::; (""10,[);32,2b9); cenlent ("';4,337 ,3ï
); copper alld ::;ulphur ore
C....44i,û2J); litne
tone
lnd nlarble ('Hlü,77f>); InaglH.':-:ite C
2ð:
,71U);
brick (:-o.l,17B,ü2-1); chrolllite (
22;{,331); litue (;;:,521,031); Inica
(
:?2.:l))ð
); zinc and lcad ort.;:-- C
103,13b); Illolybdenitp ( 'üf},20;3);
tiles, drain-pipC'
, etc. (. t 12,;)fj7) ; g,ranitt, (
:3:
-:t ,ÜU2). rrablc 89

ho'v
the annual value of the Illineral proùuction of QucbcC' for thc
year:5 1HOO to 1919.

89.-\ ah.... of the )IineraI Production of (Juebec, 1900-19.

Year.
I
OO...... . . . . . . . . .
1901....... ......
190
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
190:1. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19m.......... ...
1906............... .

S
2,;)-16,076
2,997,731
2,9
,j,4ü3
2,772,762
3,023,5ü8
3,750,300
5,019,932

), car.
1907.
190ð.
1
()(J .
1910. .
1911.
1912. .
1913. .

5,391,3Gb
5,458,99

5,552,062
7,323,281
8,679,786
11,187,110
13,119,811

Year.
1914.. .. . . ..
1915.
1916.. .. .
1917........ .
1918.... .
1919.......... .

$
11,7:32,783
11,4(j.'),873
13,287,02"J:
16,189,179
18,707,762
20,813,670

Ontario.-Figures cOlnpiled by the Untario Bureau of
Iine

ho'v that the total value of the Inineral production of Ontario in the
calendar year 1919 was ::).:)h,bb:3,91t>, as cOlllpared with .-.\80,308,972
in 191h and
72,093,S32 in 1917, ;:'ô5,303,
22 in 1916 and
.j4,2.-1.
,GïU
in 1 9 15. The value for 1918 ,,-a::; the highe..
t on record and the fal1in

off in 1919 i:5 attributed to the
toppagp of the war, anù the consequent

316

PRODUCTIOJo{

decline in the dell1and for copper, nickel, iron pyrites, etc., and other
products used largely for military purposes. Of the total value in
1919, $41,590,759 represents the value of the ll1etallic and $17,293,157
the value of the non-llletallic production. Gold sho,vs a produrtion
of 505,964 oz., of the value of $10,451,709, an increase as compared
,,,,ith 1918 of 94,086 oz., or
1,949,229. The total shipments of silver
funounted to 511,363,252 fine oz., of the value of $12,904,312, as
cOlllpared ,,,,ith 17,738,153 oz. in 1918, of the value of $17,415,882.
The increase in the value of silver has naturally been of great advan-
tage, not only to the mining companies of Cobalt, but also to their
employees, ,vhose ,vages advance automatically 'with price. Table
90 sho,vs the total production and value of silver at the Cobalt and
Go,vganda canlp each year fron1 1904 to 1919. The total for the 15
years is 303,600,183 oz., of the value of $182,031,345. The value of
the output of non-metallic products for 1919, ,vas 22 p.c. greater
than in 1918 ,vhen it all10untecl to $14,130,913. This increase in the
value of non-metallic minerals ,vas due to the increased production
of brir k; Portland cement. and building stone, while the large decline
in the value of metals produced is explained by the decline of the
value of nickel production from $27,840,422 in 1918 to $11,925,220 in
1919, and of copper from $8,532,790 to $3,709,687. On the other hand,
platinum metals appear in the list for the first tilne, ,vith a product
valued at $200,000.

90.-Production of Silver at the Cobalt and Gowganda Camp, Ontario, 190J-19..

Oz. Value. A ve!agf'
pnce
per oz.
$ Cents.
29,681,975 16,553,981 57.8
25,162,841 12,765,461 54.8
24,746,534 12,135,816 49.(j9
19,915,090 12,643,175 65.66
19,401,893 16,121,013 81.412
17,661,694 17, 341, 790 98 . 199
11,214,317 12,738,994 113.60
303,603,183 182,031,3J5 59.96

Year. Oz. V aIUf). A ve!age Year.
pnce
ppr oz.
S Cents.
1904.... .' 206,875 111,887 57.2 191
.. .
1905. .. . . . 2,4!11,356 1,360,503 60.4 1914.. .
1906..... . 5,401,766 3,66ï,551 66.8 1915.
HJ07. . . .. . 10, 0
3, 311 6,155,391 67.5 1916.. .
1908..... . 19,437,875 9,133,378 52.9 1917.. .
1909. . .. . . 25,897,825 12,461,576 51.5 1918.. .
1910...... 30,645,181 15,478,047 53.5 1919.. .
1911.... . 31,507,791 15,953,847 53.3
1912.. .. . 30,243,859 17,408,935 60.8 Total. .

Alberta.-The l\1ines Branch of the Department of Public
,y orks states that thp total production of coal in Alberta during the
calendar year 1919 ,vas 5,022,412 short tons, as conlpared with
6,148,620 tons in 1918, a decrease of 1,126,208 tons. Of natural gas
the production in the province ,vas, according to the l\Tines Depart-
ment of the Dominion Government, 6,318,389,000 cubic feet in 1918,
as compared \vith 6,744,130,000 cubic feet in 1917.
British Columbia.-According to the Annual Report for 1919
of the Provincial ::\1ineralogist, the total value of the mineral produc-
tion of British Colunlbia from 1852 to 1919 \vas $670,649,894, distri-
buted arnong the different mineral products as follo\vs: Placer gold,

..\1 1.\ FR.tLS

317

ï;j,ï:!:!,HO;{; lode gold, "lÛO,272,4

1; "ilver, ::;30,-13:!,30-1; Ipad,

-t:
,
:.n, 1 Of); ('OPTH'r, L):
,ö
O,Ut).); zinc. '1 ß,8Uj,4Xï; coal and c()kc,

ltJq,I:!3,323; huilding
tonp, hriek
, etc.,
:!H,
HH,7;)7: 111isedlanl'ous
nlineral:;, ete.,
;
ô,n lh. rrn hIe 91 ::;how
t he value of t h(' total
n1Ïnpral pf()(lu('tion of thp provilH't
frolll lð32 to IHlü, inclusivc.
rrhc value of thp total lllÌlH'ral production for t hp eal(\THlar year HH B
".a
.33,2!tl.i,313, a de 'rpao.;:e frolH that of tl1<' previou:4 ypar of

,4S(),-
lü 1. or 20 p.c. '1'h(" prineipal IHincral produ('t
of Briti
h Cohllnbia
are gold, (..;ilvpr, lead, eopppr, zinC' and ("oal. 1"'abl<' 92 sho,,'
thl

quantity and value of the Inineral pro(luetion of Briti:-\h Cohl1nhia
for tll(' thrl' , cLllendar ypar
1917-1Dl
J. l'h(' d'('r
u
e in H.nn was
in the Juain dlH' to a (h
'('linf' hoth in the quantity and valul' uf Ipad
and copper production.

91. -, ah... of Total :\lirH'ral Prod IIc'Uon of ßrifish ('0111111 hla, IS5
-1919.

"\. f'ar. I \ alul'. Yc'ar. , alu('. \ <<'ar. Valuf'.

$ S
IS:)
-1892....... . . . 81,090,OG9 l
Ol :!O,OSt),i
O 1
1O a... .. 26, 3i7 ,Olilj
IS
tL . .. . . . . , 3,.)
S,413 19f):! . . 17,4S(),.).')() 1
11. 23,4!m,On
IS94. .. . . . 4, 2
,5, 71 i 19m 17,4
.),
54 HH2 32,440,bOO
lS
.5.............. . 5,ß43,04
H
W... Ih,
7i,359 1913. 30, 2!Hj, 3!)

IS96.......... . 7,507,9.')() 1905 22, 4tH , 3:?j 1
14 21), 3S8, 82.3
IS9i. . . . . . . . 10, 4:);), 2f
" l
Ot)
4. mm, 541; 1
1.5. . 29,447,50'-1
IS9
. . 1O,901),8tH 190i. :?5,

2,jCO 1
16. .. . 4
,2
O,4{)2
1
9!J........ . . . 1
,393, 131 190s.
:J , S.') 1 , 2ïï HH7. . . 37, 010, 3

I
OO........ , . . 16,344, i51 1909. 24.443,0
j HH
41, 7
2,474
! 1919 . . 33,296,313
I Total. . . . . . 6ìO.619.S91
I

92.- Quantit) and' all... of
Iin('fal I.rodll('t
In ICrltl
h {'olllll1hla for tlte f'.drudar
\ ('.us 1917-19.

Gold, placf'r oz.
.. lodf'. "
Silver.
Lead.
('opper. _
Zinc... ..
Coal1.... .ton
Coke l . _ -. _ _ "
)1 isce llaneou:,
product!".. . . . _

. .Ib.
..

I 1917. 1918. 1919.
Quantity. Yalue. Quantity. '.aluf'. Quantity. Valuf'.
$ S $
24.;-..00 496,000 1ß,000 320,000 14,32.5 286, .500
114, 5
3 2,36;,190 164,(ji4 3,403,812 1:)
,426 3,1;)0,64.5
2, 92
,
16 2,:?(j,j,749 3,49b,17
3,215,R70 3, 40:J, 119 3, 5[}
, Hï3
37,30i,4fi,j 2, g,j 1 , 020 43,899,G61 2, 9
b, 10i 2g,4ï5,
6\oì 1,521;,8.5.5
59,007,565 16,03b 2.j6 61 , 4;-"3, i 54 15,143,44
42,45
,339 7 ,
:{9, S
f)
41,848,513 3, I fit),
.j9 41, 7;
, 916 2,'99,040 5fi, 737, fi.jl 3, .540, 429
2,149,
75 7,524,913 2,302,245 11,511,22,) 2, 21j7, 541 11 , 3:n ,70.)
159,905 959,430 ISR,9Gi l,03b,202 91 ;138 637, 9(H;
- 1,241,575 - 1,322,769 - 1,283,644
- 37 ,OI0,39

- U,iS2,!7! - i :
3, 296,313

Products.

Total.. . . . . .

lLong ton3 of 2,240 lh.

318

PRODUCTIO"V

World's Production of Gold and Silver.-Table 93, ,vhich is
taken froln the Annual Report for 1919 of the Director of the
United States l\lint, gives by countriE''S the quantity and value of
the ,yorld's production of gold and silver for the calendar years 1918
and 1919. For 1919 the total production of gold amounted to
17,664,507 fine oz., of the value of $365,157,151, a::5 cOll1pared with
18,416,386 oz., of the value of $380,700,489, in 1918. By count.ries

the Transvaal, Cape Colony and N atallead ,vith a total production
of 8,331,651 oz., the United States being second \vith 2,918,628 oz.,
follo,ved by Aust.ralia t.hird with 1,069,677 oz., Canada fourth ,vith
766,764 oz., l\lexico fifth ,vith 737,650 oz., and Rhodesia sixth \yith
593,439 oz. The ,vodd's total production of silver in 1919 ,vas
174,862,937 fine oz., of the value of $195,844,020, as conlpared ,vith
198:168,408 oz., of the value of $194,730,904, in 1918. By countries
the lead in silver production is taken by lVlexico 'with 62,681,987 oz.
in 1919, follo,ved by the United States 'with 56,682,445 oz. and
Canada with 16,020,657 oz.

93.-Quantity and Value of the "orld's production of Gold and Silver for tbe Calendar Years
1918 and 1919.
. (From the Annual Report of the Director of the United States Mint.)

1918. I 1919.
Countries.
Gold. Silver. Gold. Silver.
North America- fine oz. $ fine oz. 8 fine oz. $ fine oz. S
Canada......... . 699,681 14,463,689 21,383,979 20,693,704 766,764 15,850,423 16,020,657 17,802,474
United States.. . 3,320,784 68,646,700 67,810,100 66,756,331 2,918,628 60,333,400 56,682,445 63,533,652
Mexico. . . . . . . . . . 813,895 16,824,700 62,517,000 61,545,486 737,650 15,248,575 62,681,987 70,258,359
Total.. . . . . . .. ' 4,834,360 99,93.i,089 151,111,07'9 U
,995,521 4,.t
3,ØJ2 91,432,398 135,:185,OS9 151,594,485
Central American
States and West
Indies. . . . _ .. . . . . 164,475 3,400,000 2,900,000 2,854,934 159,638 3,300,000 2,800,000 3,138,436
South Ameriæ-
Argentina....... . 193 4,000 25,000 24,612 193 4,000 25,000 28,022
Bolivia. " ... . . . . 242 5,000 2,435,000 2,397,160 242 5,000 2,435,000 2,729,318
Brazil... . 135,41)0 2,800,000 25,000 24.612 135,450 2,800,000 25,000 28,022
Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . 37,007 765,000 1,900,000 1,870,474 37,007 765,000 1,900,000 2,129,653
Colombia. . . . . . . 290,250 6,000,000 494,331 486,650 290,251 6,000,000 494,331 554,080
Ecuador. . 38,700 800,000 40,000 39,378 38,700 800,000 40,000 44,835
Peru......... 57,645 1,191,628 9,781,734 9,629,726 57,637 1,191,463 9, 7bl, 734 10,9
4,052
uruguay....... ., 484 10, 000 - - 484 10,000 - -
Guiana-
British... . 24,546 507,411 } 24,546 507,411 }
Dutch... .... 18,851 389,675 8,000 7,876 15,936 329,431 8,000 8,967
French. . . . . . . . 57,741 1,193,612 53,212 1,100,000 J
Venezuela...... . 22,891 473,200 3,000 2,953 29,025 600,000 4,100 4,596
Total.. . . . . . . . . 684,000 14,139,526 14,112,06514,483,441 682,68.'3 14,112,305 14,113,165 16,191,5b
Europe-
Austria Hungary 8,708 180,000 1,750,000 1,722,805 - - - -
France. . . . 24,187 500,000 40,000 39,378 7,300 150,904 12,000 13,450
Czecho-Slovakla - - 554,780 546, 159 6,076 125,602 580,918 651,134
Great Britain.. . - - 79,636 78,398 - - 75,000 84,065
Greece. . 316 6,532 175,015 172,295 24,187 500,000 160,000 179,339
Italy. . .. . . . . . . . . 1,103 22,800 500,000 492,230 726 15,000 350,000 392,305
Norway. . . . . . . . . - - 270,200 266,001 - - 270,200 302,859
Hu:Ssia.......... . 580,500 12,000,000 400,000 393,784 580,500 12,000,000 400,000 448,348
Serbia....... _ _ - - 20,000 19,689 - - 20, 000 22,417
Spain. . . .. . . - - 3,182,464 3,133,009 - - 2,900,000 3,250,523
Sweden. . . . . . . . . _ 484 10,000 31,500 31,010 454 10,000 31,500 35,308
Turkey........ . . - - 400,000 393,784 - - 100,000 112,078
Total.. . . . . . . . . 615,29
12,119,332 1,403,595 7,288,542 619,273 1 12,801,506 4,899,618 1 5,191,835
I

JII.YER lLS

;HH

93.- ',uanUh anti \ aluc of tbe \\orld's )
rodll('tlon uf Gold and Siher for tll" Calendar) ears
1!11"i and 191!1 --('onclulled.

\From the \nnunl H('port of the Director of the l"nited :-\tates Mint.)

Countries.

Tot:O;(
:

;Id': .::::::::: .S
S.60d,dd
1 19
,16...-III" H.".:SiO.904 Ii ,661,50)36:>>.l.1ì,;.)1 li.J.M.i'!,93i 19d,
II.II
U
" ,\ I , I

.\u
tra.li3 ..,
X e\\ .ll-aland.

Total....

A..ia-
Briti:,.h Inùia-
Burma. .
Ot her.
China... ..
Cho...en (Kort'ß)
Ea...t Indie
-
llritish& Dutch
Federated
Ialav
States.. .. ..'
Formo
n (To.i-
\\an)...
Indo-Chino.. .
Japan........ . .

Tohl.....

Africa-
Algeria. .., .
Belgian Congo.. .
Egypt and Ab}'
-

iniß... ..
French W. Africa
\Io.dagascar .
Portugu
e Ea...t
_\frica.... . . . . .
Rhodesia...... .
Tran
vnal, Cape
Colony and
Xatal.. . . .. ..
Briti
h W. Africa
,Gold Coast
Nigeria). . . . ...

1915.

1919.

Gold.

Gold.

Silver.

Silver.

fine oz. I s fin(' oz. I

.. 1.281,900 26.-199.230 9,4:H,354 9,2
ï, 7....
208,654 4,313,261 500,000
)
,230
l'190,:n r"12'"1 1,931,3;;1 l,nl,9.1
} 4 S. <) 36 1 0 030 "1 6 } 1,fllO,.j(lO 1.939,8;t
< .J,_ , d 2;0,000 26:>,f,().i
1;4.150 3.600.000 70,000 6S,Ð12
159,6:lï 3,300,000
t}.000 25.59b

124,392 2,':;i1."00 1.2b6.000 1,266,016

fine oz I S fine 00. S
1,069,67722,112,1
61 6,930,7;0 7,7l1S.492
193,500 4,000.000 500,000 .1t10,435
I
1, c.3,1ì7 t ,11'),1'\6 7,130,ì70 8,3.)"i,9"!7
I} 5Oi,26O 10,485,992 p, t l 'i3,OOO 2,211,4;6
Ht? , 606 215.
:o.6
159,637 3,300,000 6.1.000 72.h.)7
135,4.iO 2. SOO. 000 20,000 22,417
89, 94 1. b.30. 000 1, 2
ð. 000 1 , 441. 4
9
16,'02 339,059 - -
20, IblJ 417,2
2 25,000 2R.022
1,935 40,000 1.000 1. 121
212.190 4,3t-.6,357 4.
00,000 5,3ðO,174
I, U'? ,5..1 3,GIS,GSß 'ì , :Ui
, fÞ4lfi t ,3i:J,:m-t
- - 1;0,813 1!H,459
10
.4"
2.241.695 10,000 11 . 209
14. 232 194,19')1 304 340
2.733 56.4% - -
22, 5().j 465. 220 1 17,682 19.819
9,675 200,000 1,000 1.121
593,439 12,267,4;3 180,586 202,414
.....331,651 172,230.51
89t, 304 999.036
291.463 6.025,075 - -
I
,37.J,110 1!I.
.;
u.w
1 1 ,271,6"9 I, -I2.i,398
.

18,30"-

378.460

24,850 513,ioo 26.!100. 26,4S2
2,419 50,000 1.000 HS5
246.
!I" 5,105.900 6,600.400 1 6,497,830
1, '!:I:i,990 '?),:i,.0,li6 10, !.jO,
OO lu,mH ,5113

- liO.813 16S.15!)
2,"33.i57 10,500 10,337
2.')9,039 'it-O itJ8
31.000 - -
493.788 20,000 19,689

.B. 000 1.
00, 1,1
1
13,051. 32.j 1;5,72
li2,\lfll
174.023,297 bì7,500 b63,b64
6.508.732 - -
197,ú-RS,9JS 1,':,')6,.115 1,23G, Of
I. I

--

117,73J

12,,')31
1. 500
23, RSi

11. 99'i
631, :3.)."

8.418.3i7

314,860

91. -Imports into l'anada of Portland ('cment, 1
9
-19'!O.

Fi
('al
Y ('ar .

189b........ . .
1899.. ........
1900. . . . . . . . . .
1901 . . . . .. . . . .
190
. . . . . . . .. .
1903 . . . . . . . . . .
1904. . . . . . . . . .
HI05..........
1906......... .
1907 1 . . . . . . .
1908. . . . . . . . . .

Duty Fi
('al Duty
Quantity. Value. paid. YU1.f. Quantity. Value. paid.
Cwt. $ S Cwt. S S
1,073,05ð 355,264 121,969 1 1909. . 1,460,850 475,676 159,077
1,300,4
4 467,994 147,146 1910. 490,809 158,487 47,984
1,301,361 498,607 147,067 1911....... 1,2R3,721 494,081 138,969
1,612,432 654,595 179,550 1912 2,592,025 936,425 292,914
1,971,616 833,6.j7 233,754 1 1913. 4, 9.j8, 814 I, 95.:;, 177 597,727
2,316,853 8f>>8,131 271,004 1914. 709,104 332,564 69,658
2,476,388 995,017 290, 77811915. 287,402 123,613 26,034
3,2
8,394 1,234,649 3R4, 866 1916 . . . 94,136 37,048 9,382
2,848,582 963,839 328,342 1917. 63,074 29,719 6,307
1,551,493 523,120 162,250 1 1918. " 26,243 17,417 2,624
2,427,381 85
.O41 25f.549 1919. .. 26,687 26,437 2,667
19
O.. ..... 45 458 47 156 3.720

\'1'\'ine months.

320

PRODUCTIO..Y

95.- Imports into Canada of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal for home
consumption during the fiscal )'ears 1901-1920.

Fiscal Year.

1901............. .. .. ....... " .. .......
1902................... ...............
1903................ .
1904... ..............
1905....... ...............
1906.............. .
1907 1 .........
1908.... .
1909. ..............
1910.......... ... .. ......
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '\' . . . . .
1913...... ....... .. "'" .. . ..........
1914.. ........... .. ..... .. ......... ... .
1915..... ........
1916.
1917.
1918. . . .. _ . . . . .. . .. . . . .
1919............. ..... .. .............. .
1920..... ........ ...............

_\nthracite,
Free of Duty.

Tons.
1,933,283
1,652,451
1,456,713
2,275,018
2,604, 137
2,200,863
2,014,846
3,091,159
3,059,663
3,152,851
3,465,774
4, 118,379
4,237,310
4,385,799
4,383,497
4,429,143
4,572,440
5,256,294
4,752,788
5,090,767

$
7,923,950
7,021,939
7,028,664
10,461,223
12,093,371
10,304,303
9,487,574
14,199,609
14,034,020
14,456,315
15,750,340
19,306,639
20,399,279
20,734,120
20,927,539
20,460,571
22,806,156
28,047,226
26,191,798
32,647,759

Bituminous Coal,
Dutiablp.

Tons.
2,516,392
3,047,392
3,511,421
4,053,900
4,176,274
4,495,550
3,807,604
7,640,121
6,763,352
7,017,271
7,745,571
10,500,662
11,060,910
13,754,244
9,124,499
9,631,101
12,931,075
16,400,000
16,569,025
12,552,910

$
4,956,025
5,712,058
7,770,717
9,108,208
8,022,896
8,360,349
7,491,045
14,843,789
13,151,449
13,070,343
14,597,268
20,333,268
20,447,587
26,140,676
16,135,920
10,219,206
19,270,270
46,277,715
44,411,207
27,424,870

NOTE.-Anthracite coal dust is included under Anthracite coal. For records of previous
years, see Year Book, 1911, page 420. l
ine months.

96.-Exports of Coal, the produce of Canada, 1903-1920.

Fiscal Year. Quantity. Value. Fiscal Year. Quantity. Value.
Tons. $ Tons. $
1903. .. .. . . . . . . . 1,797,951 5,542,434 1912.......... .. .. . 1,494,756 4,338,128
1904. .. . .. . . . 1,646,505 4,346,660 1913.......... " .. . 2,0.55,993 5,55.5,099
1905.... ...:. 1,615,322 3,930,802 1914......... . .. 1,498,820 3,703,765
1906....... . . . 1,820,411 4,643,198 1915... . 1,512,487 4,466,258
1907 (9 mos.)..... . 1,285,346 3,346,402 1916. 1 , 971, 124 6,032,764
1908 .. . .. . .. . 1,877,258 4,810,284 1917.. .. 1,899,IK5 6,817,035
1909.............. . 1,613,892 4,505,221 1918.. " . . . . . . . . .. . 1,902,010 8,684,038
1910........ ., .... . 1,826,339 5,013,221 1919... . ............ .. 1,826,639 10,169,722
1911........ .... . . 2,315,171 6,014,095 1920............. .. 2,120,138 13,183,666

97.-Exports of l\'Tineral Products, compared as to Quantity and Value, for the fiscal
) ears ended l\larch 31, 1919 and 1920. ("000" omitted).

Actual Valuc at Actual
value prif'es of value
1920. 1919. 1919.
$ $ $
371 339 358
8,532 7,512 8,910
236 244 248
13,184 11 , 804 10,170
127 163 372
20 22 232
390 670 741
797 720 908
48 80 15
229 196 82

Products.

A-\.rsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asbestos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asbestos sand and waste. .
C.oal..................... .
Chromic iron. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cobal t alloy. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cobalt metallic....... . . . .
Cobalt oxide and eobalt
:-:alts........ '.' .. . .. . . ..
Corundum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gypsum, crude..... . .. . ..

Increase Due to Due to
( + ) or higher( +) larger (+ )
decreasp or lower or smaller
(-). (-) (- )
prices. quantities
$ $ $
+13 +32 -19
-378 + 1, O
O -1,398
-12 -8 -4
+3,014 + 1, 380 +1,6
4
-245 -36 -209
-212 -2 -210
-351 -280 -71
-111 +77 -188
+33 -32 +6.1
+147 +33 +114

JI.t.VUPACTURRS

3
1

9.. - ful)Orts of 'IIn('rall
odn('(
. roml)arl'd 3!f1 to .!nantit}" and \ alur. for thc U-;l.al
) ears ended \Iarcb 31, 1919 and l
")O. ("600" omhted)--concluded.

Increase Dup to Dw. to
_\.ctual Valup at Actual (+ ) or higher( + ) largpr (+)
Product.::,. valuo pricps of \ aluo decrease or lower or smaller
H)20. 1919. HJ19. (- ). (-) (-)
pricc
. q uan tit iN!
'Ietals- S S S S S S
Copp('r, fin(' , contailU'rl
in ore, matte, rCbrulus,
dc. . . 5,2S3 5,5tiO 8,&4 -3,431 -307 -:
, 124
L('ad, m('tallic. eon-
tainpd in on', ,tc..... . 507 615 1,2S6 -779 -1 OS -671

lol
LUl'nulll. . . . 20 34 3Sj -3G5 -14 -J51
Xi('kpl, contailwd in ore,
mat tc or
I)('iss. 5,1.f.') 4, 16.') 9,!J
5 -4,MO +1.1....0 -5,

0

i('k(,..l, fine......... . . 3,894 4,()47 11 , 185 +2,709 -7,;3 +3,4(ì2
Siln'r bullion..... . . 11,474 9,8.')2 15,S4
-4,3r.s + 1, 622 -5,990

i1ver. contailwd in ore',
('one('ntratc8, ('tc. ..... 2,7S1 2,370 3,677 -bv6 +411 -1,307

fi('8.. .. . 241 12() 369 -128 + U5 -243

I ilwral pirm "n ts, iron ox-
id<,s, oc'hre
, etc. . . . . 29 :..0 24 +5 +9 -4
)1 il1t'ral "ax. . . . 384 [01 621 -237 -117 -120
Oils. . ... . ';93 6;)1 -104 +3X9 +J42 +247
On.s..,..... . . . . 295 99 1,219 -924 + 196 -1,120
Pyritps..... . . . . . 375 332 944 -.j(j9 +43 -(H2
:-\an(l and gran'l. . ... . 134 273 22S -fH -J:m +1.)
OtlH'T artiell's.... . . 7,0';7 L,.j12 10,(ì;?(ì -3,S'j9 + 54,'} -4,tI4
Tofa' ....... . . . ti:!,316 57 50
77,51.} - 15, t!t!t +..,
-
O,OO>ol
p.c. p.c. p.c.
Ilwrpa:4p or dpcrcu....
c
per cpnt. - - - -19.61 +6.20 -25.81

)IA
t ..'..\. CT l' RES.

tati
tie::5 of the nUlnl.lfacturcs of Canada are ("olllpri
.wd in 1"'ahlps
98 to 106 of thic.: section. Table 98 give:" by principal itenl
of the
:.whedule, the results for Canada of the census of Inanufacturc
for
the year 1918, as conlpareù with 1917, and also the ahsolute and
perccn tage increáses, thc table including all e5tablisillnents irrespec-
tiye of the I1Ulnut'r of employce
. Tahle 99 givès the
tati-.;ti(':3 of
Inanufacture8 for 1915, 1917 and 1915, by province
, also incluùìng all
establishnlents. In Table 100 are given the cOlnparative figui'e
, hy
proyinces, for the years 1900, 1905, 1910 anù 1913, the cOlllparison
heing lill1Ïted to estaulishn1ents enlploying five hands and over. In
Tables 101 and 102 are included the statistics of manufactur(\s for the
years 1917 and 1918 by groups and kinds of industries, for the \vhole
of Canada, the figures covering all e:::,tablishme'nts irrespective of tr

18427-21

322

PRODUCTIO-.V

number of employees. Table 103 gives for 1918 the statistics of man-
ufactures by cities and leading to\vns. Tables 104 to 106 relate to
wage-earners, Table
105 and 106 being based upon returns for 29,330
industrial establishments out of a total of 35,797 reporting. Dairy and
sa,vmill establishments ,vere not required to report on classified ,veekly
\vages, and other establishlnents operating on a piece ,york basis ,verp
unable to furnish the inforlllation required.
Under the ne,v organization of the DOlninion Bureau of Statistics
the Census of
Ianufactures is taken annually instead of quinquen-
nially, as in the past. The last of the quinquennial censuse
of
manufactures under the old system \vas taken in 1916 for the calendar
year 1915, and the first and second of the annual censuses of lnanu-
factures \vere taken in 1918 and 1919 for the calendar years 1917 and
1918.
In comparing the results of the annual with those of the quin-
quennial censuses the differences in the method of taking the census
must first of all be borne in mind. The statistics for 1915 included
only establishments \vhose lin1it of output was placed at $2,500 or
over, irrespective of the number of persons en1ployed, except in the
case of flour and grist mills, butter and cheese factories, fish preserving
factorie
, sa,v-milb, brick and tile yards, liIne kilns and electric light
plants, in \vhich cases there ,vas no lin1Ïtation on the value of output.
In the census of industry of 1917, the limit of output ,vas \vithdr::nvn
and all establishments reporting to the Bureau ,vere included, the
effect being an increase in the nUlnber of establislunents included
froln 21,306 to 34,392-an increase due to change of method, rather
than to a change in the actual nUlllber of industrial establishnlents
existing in the DOlninion. As, ho,vever, the establishlllents included
for the first tinle in the 1917 census ,vere exclJlsively those carrying
on operations on a slllall scale, their inclusion affected only to a minor
extent the statistics of persons engaged in manufacturing production
and of the value of products. In 1918 the nUlnber of establishments
included \vas 35,797.
In any comparison between the results of the 1915 and 1917
censuses, the rapid rise in prices in the intervening period lllust be
taken into account. Also in comparing the results of the censuses of
1917 and 1918, it should be borne in mind that here, too, ,ve have a
period of advancing prices. The Canadian index nUlnber of whole-
sale prices was 278.3 on the average for 1918 as compared with 237.0
for 1917-an advance of 41.3 points or 17.4 p.c. Naturally under
these circumstances values of raw materials used in manufactures
and of finished products showed an increase not necessarily due to an
increased volume of production.
The capital invested in Canadian lllanufacturing industries ,vas
in 1918, $3,034,301,915, an increase of $247,652,188 oyer the pre--
vious year, due largely to higher valuations and the ploughing in of
"var profits. The cost of ra\v materials used in man:ufactures advanced

JLL\ rp.1CTr.:RES

323

fronl :--.1,ü03,7:10.6-10 to 1,HOO.252.31-l, ,vhile the Yfilup of the finished
prodlwt advancpd frolll
:{,Ol ;),fi77 ,U-lO to
:{, t!>8.0;{(),H75. Thus the
co::;(, of raw Ill:.). terial
inerca ...:t'd 18.34 p.('. a n(1 t h(' vahl(, of finishpd
produet 14.ß7 p.e. over t he previous year. rrh
value addf'd in the
proc(':-\:, of 111:1 nufaeturc inlTt':t:-\l'd frolIl 1 ,-lOD,817 ,800 to 1,.')57, 78-J-,ßG 1
or 10. 4D p.c.
As ('OBlpar<\<l \vith tht' iIH'rpa:-\t' of 10. 1H p.r. valut' addpd in pro-
ress of lllanufa 'ture- the fuud frolH whieh ,,'ag ,
and
alari('=-, BUIst be
dr:n,.n- it i... to he notpd that
alaric s pai(1 in('rea
l"d frotH .Ü.l,f)H2,2-lG
in 1917 to
107,;)O:
07 t in Inl
, or 1:
. lï p.c. and wagt'
frollt
S433,10D,8:!3 in 1917 to "322,2b7,570 to 101
. or 1 .74 p.l'. l'his
di:-,proportionate rate of incf('a
p in
:llari(':,: and ".ag('
i
an l'videncu
of thf' p,rowing; pre:-:
urp "hi('h wag<, anò salnrY-<':U"IH'rS, on ac('ount
of th(' iuerea ...:iug :-,hortag(' of lahour, were a hIp to (,,\:l'reise upon cln-
ploy('r::;, \vho:-;e profits wpre th'rphy at l('nst n'lativf'l
. dilliinished.
rrh(' aVl'r:lgf'
alar
r paid inl'r<'a:o:ed frulH
1 ,291 in 1 H 17 to
1.12U in
lU18, th<, average wa
l' fnHn "737 in lU17 to :--''3G(j in 191ð.
rOIl:,idl'rin
t I1p tt'ITit orial tli:,t rihu t ion of Ina Iluf:u-t u ring; pro-
(hu.tion in Int7 and IHIS, it i
to be' noted that thp gro

value of the
1I1:11Hlfaeturpd pruduet:-, of Ontario, ".hi('h in 1 H 17 h
Ld hf'('n ,,0. b
p.('. of thp total for the Donlinioll, wa:-\ in uns, .>2.;
p.c. of that
total.

In tl.1
el'Il"':us of luanufaetUf('b the indu...:tric
of the DonlÌllion
are divid
d into fifteen ('la:-;sps. In rrables 101 and 102 are J!:iv(,11 the
stati
til':' of production for thp:,(" fiftpPIl elu:,S(':-, in 1U17 and lUl
). For
:-:illlilar
tatistic:-\ of the HJ15 t'l'nsus, ft'fl'rl'IH'l' ulay he 1l1a de to 'rable
72 on page 2ts3 of th(' Htl0-17 Y' ear j
ook. COlnparing the statis-
til"
for 1917 and 1918, it ITlay be note(l that th(\ Vahlí' of the prollul"ts
of tIt(' tl'"\.tilp industri{':; ilH'rpa:'l'd frolH
2f).),4t8,;)ü.) to
:342,3ði),878,
and the proùuct;:, of the cheulÌcal and allipd products inùu
tries frolH
133,0 1
.65S to ;...173,649,07
, also the vc::>::>el
for ,vatpr tran:-;portation
incrl':l:'l'd in value froBl :--'37 ,244,ü7
to ;oo.7(j,ü;
0,411. On thl' other
hand, the leather and fini::;heù product
industries declined in value
of product frolll
104,894,689 to !)4,5 77,196, and the value of tht

product of thf' liquor
and hcv('r:lgt'
indu:-\try frolH :--.:2D,9;),5,22ô to
;,28,2Gü,256.
Conlparison:-: between the growth of different cla....scs of industrie

n1Ï
ht \vith advantage be expanded to deal with the growth of in-
dividual industrie
during the period under cunsideration. It i:-\
:,uggc:sted t ha t tho
e \vho arf' inten':-\ted in particular inùustrif's should
conlpare the statistics of
uch indu..,tries, as given on pag
s 286 to
293 of the 1916-17 Year Book, "ith the figure::; on pagp:,: 277 to 283
of the 1919 Y t:'ar Buuk and \vith the figure:-; in Table 102 of the present
VOlUlIH'.

18427-21!

324

/ RODUCTION

9S.-Summar)' S
atistjcs of I\lanufactures of Canada, 1917 and 1918.
(A!I cstabli"hments irrespective of the number of employeas.)

Increase.
I terns. 1917. 1918.
Amount. Per
cent.
Establishments... ........ .NO. 34,392 35,797 1,405 4.09
Capital..... ............... $ 2,786,649,727 3,034,301,915 247.652,188 8.89
Employees on
alaries... .. . NO. 73,605 75,221 1,616 2.20
Salaries... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 94,992,246 107,503,074 12,510 .828 13.17
Average salary... . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,291 1,429 138 10.69
Employees on wages. . . . . . . NO. 601, 305 603,116 1,811 0.30
Wages. . . . . . ....... . $ 455, 19:J,823 522,287,570 67,087,747 14.74
Average wage... . . . . . . . . . . $ 757 866 109 14.40
Cost of materials. . . . . . . . " $ 1,605,730,640 1,900,252,314 294,521,674 18,34
Value added in manufacture $ 1,409,847,300 1,557,784,661 147,937,361 10.49
Value of products. . . $ 3,015,577,940 3.458,036,975 442,459,035 14.67
Piece \Vorkers l ...... . NO. 17,157 14,197
Earning,s.. $ 3,109,606 3,520,544

99.-Statistics of l\lanufactures by Prodnc('s, 1915, 1917 and 1918.
(All establishments irrespective of the number of employees.)

Estab-
Provinces. lish- Capital. Em- Salaries Cost of Value of
ments. ployees. and wages. materials. products.
l
j5. No. $ No. S $ $
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 21,306 1,991,103,272 497,170 285,889,291 802,135,862 1,407,137,110
P.E. Island... . . . . 291 1,906,564 2,334 554,467 1,520,327 2,646,469
N ova Scotia... . . . 968 126,539,183 33,581 16,316,712 37,738,161 70,860,756
New Brunswick. . 714 46,290,014 17,423 8,765,433 21,495,324 37,832,034
Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . 7.158 548,972,575 148,329 80,217,258 216,497,844 387,900,585
Ontario.... .. .. .. . 9,287 956,883,423 243,905 144,072,317 415,285,954 727,923,274
Manitoba... . . . . . . 840 95,845,845 19,668 13,614,857 38,513,514 61,594,184
Saskatchewan... . 457 16,788,992 3,621 2,705,754 7,678,41ð 14,162,574
Alberta.......... . 584 42,239,6:}3 7,255 5,074,742 21,121,439 30,592,833
British Columbia 1.007 158,636,983 21,054 14,567,751 42,284,883 73,624,431
1917.
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 34,392 2,786,619,727 674,910 550,192,069 1,605,730,640 3,015,577,940
P.E. I8Iand... . . . . 534 2,652,374 1,923 837,230 3,402,485 5,517,910
Kova Scotia... . . . 2,147 136,521,655 31,398 23,563,OaO 109,736,731 176,369,02

New Brunswick. . 1,423 65,539,370 21,363 13,8'22,446 33,333,090 62,417,466
Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . 10,042 823,317,251 211,018 158,134,925 403,422,445 830,614,029
Ontario.... . . . . . . . 14,381 1,334,968,699 326,635 278,462,708 822,842,054 1,533,738,65

Manitoba........ . 1,329 101,145,033 22,670 19,599,051 73,131,719 122,804.881
Saskatchewan... . 1,436 33,114,630 8,210 7,007,073 23,449,495 40,657,746
Alberta.... . . . . . . . 1,317 63,215,444 11, 524 1O,387,37
43,896,941 71,669,423
British Columbia 1,772 221,436,100 40,098 38,269,366 92,489,277 171,425,616
Yukon... . 11 3,739,171 71 118,801 26,403 363, 189
1918.
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . 35,797 3,034,301,915 678,337 629,790,6.... 1,900,252,3U 3,.:1:58,036,975
P. E. Island...... 484 2,886,662 1,467 777,067 3,547,800 5,693,878
Nova Scotia... ... 2,125 133,262,649 29,569 25,563,978 93,540,657 160,409,890
New Brunswick. . 1,364 74,470,879 19,888 14,247,388 34,513,640 68,333,069
Quebec.. . . . 10,540 860,468,768 207,494 175,800,005 472,444,599 920,621,171
Ontario.. . . - . . 15,365 1,508,011,435 333,972 320,740,214 1,008,824,704 1,809,067,001
Manitoba.. . - . 1,444 105,983,15U 2:3,887 23, 389,6g3 92,600,183 145,031,510
Saskatchewan. . - . 1,422 39,476,260 8,066 8,496,172 30,614,183 50,009,635
Al berta.. . . . . . . . - . 1,252 61,405,933 9,894 10,249,446 54,740,907 82,434,422
British Columbia 1,786 244,697,241 44,039 50,422,163 109,403,517 216,175,517
yukon.... 15 3,638,929 61 104,509 22,124 260,882

lNot included in tables as regards number of employees and earnings.

H..t
UF4(' 1'(Tlfl
'S

325

100.- :o,t:&ti
tlt.'s of :Uanufadurcs h) .-rmhu'cs, 1900. 190.j, 1910 i&lld 1915.
(Est:.\bli:"hments f'lnploying five hands and OV('r.)

Estub-
Provinces. 1 ish- Capital. Em- Hu 1:11 i
s Cost of , aluc of
ment8. ploY('l'
' Hnt.! wa.p;eS. materials. products.
1 !'IPO. KG. S No. S S S
(.unada....... . 11.6.iO ....6.9I1i...:;7 :n9. t;a 113.2 t9.:t;0 266,527,85S is 1 .05:
.37 5
P. 1;. Island.. 334 2.0SI. i661 ;,. .U4 4-15,UUS 1 ,:UU, 0.1
2, :t?6. 70

o"a Seotia.... . . . 1, P,S 34, SSli, 116 2;, 2
4 5,613,571 13, Hil,077 2:
, 5n2, 513
X ew Brunswick. 919 20,7-11, J70 :
l, 1,')8 5, US, !J90 1O,h14,0I-1 20,U.2,470
(
u('hpc.. . 4,R45 142,40:{,407 .110,32\1 36,5'>0,655
6,(}79,779 15R.287,994
( )ntario... 6,543 214, H72, :?S 161,737 56,54g,2
6 13ð, :?:
O, 4()0 24 I , 5:{:{. 48ó

Ianit()ha... . 324 7,5:U,mJl 5,219 2,419,54U 7,9.15,5-19 12,927,-139
Al hPfta. and
i'a
kat{'he\\ an. . 10:> I, fhg, S70 1,lh"- -t6.>. .63 1,121,322 1.
)tH , OR7
British Columbia 392 22, !JO I, 8!J2 11, 454 5, -1.")6, 5:3
7,246 US" 10,447,778
1 n05.
Canada. . _ . . . 12,517 ';
3. 9 1 6, I...'i 3
1,920 162,15.'i,57fo1 706.116.578
P.E. Island... 22:{ I, 5.j:{, 916 2 -70 409,U15 1, mHi, 4.5!J
X o"a Scotia. . .. 720 74, 5.m, 5:
S :!3, .- 54 9,13!}.171 31,987,44!J

ew Bruns" ick ,):n :!tJ,4ûl,Gû-l 19,170 6, -I fl. , un 21,
:
3, 564
Queb(>c.. . 4,115 2:>1, 7:;0, 1

116,748 46,514,61!t 216.478,496
Ontario.. . 6,W3 3
0,b7,'),4tJ:> 1
4,5:?ü
O, 7:?,I,h
ft 361,372,741

lanitoba... . . 2ðO 27, 070, 6{ìj 10,113 5,800,707 2ì,S57,396
fo:.asb..atche"nn. . 55 3,820,97'> 1,376 6"-1,381 2, 44:
, SOl
Alh(>rta... . . . U7 5,400,371 1,983 1. 12J, 272 4, !179, 932
British Columbia 36:
52,403,37'1 23,480 11 , 253, 26:3 37,796,740
1910.
C dnada. 1'.21
1.2-1; .5
:
.G'}9 515;!O:
!U.OOS.1t6 'OI,509,Ol
t.165,9;5,6:
94F
P. .E. Island.. 442 2,01:3,365 3,762 5:H,017 1, 816,
04 3,136,470

o"a
cotia... . . . 1,4S0 79,5J6,341 28,795 10,628.955 26,l':;S,315 52,706,184

e\V Hrun::mick.. 1,15
36,125.012 24,755 8,314,21:! 1\\,516,096 35,422,302
Quebec.... . 6,5
4 326,946,925 1.=>8,207 69,432,967 IM,374,053 350,901,656
( )ntario... 8,001 595, 3!)4. 60,,,\ 2:
8,817 117,645,7S4 2J7,5S0,125 57
), 810, 225
:\lanitoha.. . 439 47,941. 540 17, 325 10,912,866 3('.499,829 53,673,609

a
katchc\uu1. . . . 173 7,01!),951 3,250 1,9:36,284 2,747,2()1) 6, 3:
2, 132
.\lbprta....... . . .. 2JO 2
,518,346 6,980 4,365,661 9,998,777 IS,7H8,825
HI iti::;h Columbia 651 123,027,521 33,312 17,240,670 29, n 17 ,7 S:J 65,204,236
1915.
('anada. . . . . . . 15,59:1 1,958.705.230 - 2S3.31 1.505 . :U.913."3:
1.:
1,517.')<l5
P.E. Island... 261 1,841,0!10 543,954 1, 499,066 2,5S6,823
Xova Scotia... . . . 7Rl 125,754,:>62 17,175,81
36,D4,OO4 69,345,8Ut
Xew Brun::5wick.. 6.10 45.970,4
8 8,767,230 21, 314, 643 37, :
03, 900
Qupbpc.. . . . . . . . . . 5,743 ,')30,312,464 -
O,324, 171 213, 7.
-t, 115 381,203, mm
Ontario.......... . 6,5:38 946.619, 114 - 140, 60J. 6 J1 410,670,537 71.j, 531,839

lanitoha.. . 499 94,610,750
I 13,3
9.56q 38,529,386 60, 4s{1, 446
Raskatchewan... . 2:
S 14,736,860 2, -140, 062 7,417,166 13,3.15,206
Alberta..... . 2R2 41.1a8,897 4,791,2
1 20,6)9,967 29,416,221
Bri ti:-5h Colum bia 611 1;J7, 5S0, 405 - j 15,26.1,729 41 , 86 L 549 72,321,972
I ;

oTE-For 1915 thp number of employets in tstablishments employing;.5 han(!:' and
over ha
not b('en compilt'd.

326

PRODf./CTIOJ.V

101.-
tatistics of Manufactures 9 1917.

(All establishments irrespective of number of employees.)

.

.l:..m- I
Gr,ups and Estab- rloyees 'Vages Cost of
Kirds d- lish- Capital. on paid. materials.
Industries. nlents. wages.
No. $ No. $ $
1 Food products.. . 8,009 299,032,589 49,062 35,301,754 564,959,467
2 Textiles.. _ . . . 4,112 203,308,587 78,906 42,801,869 141,953,358
3 Iron and steel
products... . . _ . 1,049 307,407,980 70,071 68,947,610 204,732,121
4 Timber and lum-
ber and reman-
ufactures. . . . . . 4,163 289,169,396 92,139 58,757,260 87,169,851
5 Leather and its
finished pro-
ducts..... .. . .. 1,249 76,315,861 18,450 11 , 789, 029 61,303,948
6 P
per and print- 1,819 224,176,986 40,510 30,504,946 51,129,102
lng........... .
7 Liquors and bev-
erages.. . . . . . . . 433 48,178,985 4,325 3,167,655 12,859,171
8 Chf'mi{'als and
allied product:" 333 117,903,392 14,953 12,255,227 65,575,226
9 Clay, glass and
stone products. 913 79,420,372 11 , 079 9,418,414 5,408,152
10 Metals and metal
produC'ts other
than steel... . . . 2,311 123,459,129 26,280 22,735,232 90,790,104
11 Tobacco and its
manufactures. . 176 27,277,858 8,940 4,218,041 19,092,845
12 Vehiclf's for land
and air trans-
portation... . . . 970 219,766,079 47,817 43,272,215 102,258,684
13 Vessels for water
transportation. 201 42,966,932 12,289 12,886,720 13,385,578
14 Miscellaneous in-
d ustries. _ _ 2,378 680,385,347 94,534 74,212,6g4 155,381,195
15 Hand trades.. . . . 5,976 47,880,2340 31,940 24,931,157 29,731,838
Total.. ..... 3:1 9 392 2 9 786 9 619 9 72; I 601 9 305 4559199982311960597309640

Value of
products.

$
754,637,940
265,448,565
400,385,086

225,522,189

104,804,689
148,396,426
29,935,226
133,718,658
32,374,060

171,650,905
46,786,233

197,488,770
37,244,678
386,404,222
80,826,293
3 9 015 9 577 9 9JO

- 102.-Statistics of 11anufactures 9 1918.

(All establishments irrespective of number of employees.)

Estab- Em- I
Groups and lish- ployees 'V ages Cost of Value of
Kinds of ments. Capital. on paid. materials. products.
Industries. wages.
No. $ No. $ $ $
1 Food products..... 7,968 340,499,122 52,294 38,576,094 636,392,864 839,086,118
2 Textiles...... . . . . . 4,191 237,724,097 79,110 46,205,413 196,080,057 342,385,878
3 Iron and steel pro-
ducts. .. . . .... . . . 1,064 339,483,020 6g,466 79,076,215 238,483,815 443,455,779
4 Tim bel' and lum-
ber and re-manu-
factures......... . 4,594 334,104,182 87,286 66,587,955 94,000,304 251,699,1:>4
5 Leatllf'r and its
finished produC'ts 1,672 76,652,767 19,237 12,507,227 58,755,096 94,577,196
6 Paper and printing 1,762 242,046,328 40,742 34,610,392 62,276,642 167,367,972
7 Liquors and bever-
ages. ...... 391 47,973,751 4,006 3,145,442 13,476,912 28,266,256
8 Chemicals and al-
lied products. . . . 337 134,377,823 16,541 17,588,912 93,754,000 173,619,073

JIA.Y
.FAC7'LYRBS

102.- statist!. or 'Ianufactures, 191
-c n.

lì roups and
Kinds of
Industrit s.

9 Clay,
laðð and
stone proJuct8...
10
Il'ta.ls and metal
products other
than st 'd. . '. ..
11 Tobacco and its
manufacture:,.. . .
12 V ('hides for land
tran
portation
13 Vc
cls for \\at-er
t ran...;portation. . .
14
lb('C'llan('ous in-
dustri('s. . .
15 Hand tradl'
...... .

rotal
........ . . .

I. t'ood ProdllC.'b....
Bakin
PO\\ del' and
flavouring C1.trn .t::i.
Bt'd ('xtml't
Brl'
lll, bi
('uit:) amI
confection('f\'. . . .
Buttt'r and eh
'l':o.t'... . .
Che\\ ing gUIll. . . . . . .
COt.'oa and ehoc,)latt'.
CofTt.t's and :o.pÏ<'ps. . . .
Condcnst'd milk. .
E\'aporakd fruits and
vegetables. . . . . . .
Fish, pre:;t'rved. . . . . . .
Flour and gristmill
products....... . . .. .
Foods prt'pared. .... . .
Fruit .snd vegetable
csnl1lng...... . .
Ice cream cone
.......
Jams and jellies.. .. . . .

lacaroni and verml-
cell i. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I
ple sugar and s
'rup
RICl' cleaning and
polishing. . . . .. . .
Sausaged.. . .. . '. .....
Slaugh tering and meat
pac king. .......,.
Slaugh tering, not in-

luding meat pack-
Ing. .. . . . . . .. . .
Stock foods..... ... .
Sugar refined. _ . . .
Tallow, refined.......
Vincgar and pickles..
All other industrie
..

u. Tl'
tiles. .
Awnings, tents and

ails. . . . .
Bags, cotton. ....::..
Batting. .. _ . ....
Blankets and

eat
pads........... ....,

Estab-
li:o,h-
ments.

No.

I Em-
plo
ee

Capit ul. on
\\ a red.

s

.93 73,52s,361

2,3
1:! 1
2,757,()(M

153 32,H4,
,3.jtl

93 179,7V!J,53V

204 57 ,4 U,
;
q
2
( I
7 4')
'") 5 1 -
'
,a. J . ':I:_,U') , (;) 1
{j,7b.", 62,327,45
,
. 5,.9. ('031.301'11'1
j,96S 1 Jto,199,1
'!,
24 2,259,75:3 1
-! -!19,
12
1
40,272,:WS
19,079,9121
3,440,92') I
3,6J4,3:!!J 1
5,614,
66
4,051,7Ob

I,Ð30
3,:
51
5
9
37
21

94
939
1,1

31
130
6
30

11
16
8
5
33
6
-1,191
I
47
13
3
4i

7
4
5
7

3,708,452
30,334,129
78,303,022
4,004,125
9,777,305'
140,366 1
2,787,517
760,t\Hl
403,530

67

3,027,967
11},51O
74,9:>8,487

12, 011 ,26
I
1,116,853
37,256,851
79,117
2,S4S,248
128,947

23ì,ì2!,09ì

3,218,150
8,259,332
408, 767 1
911824,

Ko.

H,91R

W a
es
pa.iJ.

s

9,OtH.712

3
7

Cost of Value of
ma.terials. proJuds.

s

U,4H7,.)91

s

35,354,311

:!5,1

1 24,
1O,
.mï 91,819,U
1 170.042,
.):?
O,IW 4. !1;;5. '
,I I!I,o;m.í911 55. H 1.4
7
:m,o:t") 42,0I)ti,775 1O.'),5fìl,4\o,.J :!O:;,21:J,617
21,U41 2:;,1,,6,327 1 30'2Jt)'
4ï l ' 76,t):
O,.Hl
cI2,:
;-",j 88,372,871 22:1,j:1:
,091 4
.j,OS2, lO7
37,b:?J 2
,525,40ql 27,2S4,tj:

b9,814,7tH
fm:j.l1ti l _ õ'?"!,
1'.);0 1 1'C OU;),')'),31 t 3,1.iIo\,O;
b,9;.)
-
;!91, ,5;6.091, '36.392,10;61 bJ9,O'\6,llS
413 1 2m.05:!. I,SOO,HOI 3,153,7olÌ
73 29,41:! 2L16,101 iUO,ti15
16,640' 11, 186,6:J7 51,152,127 85,5.')5.84S
3,9ðð l 3,2:J4,771 79.848,47ti 94,927.0a2
295 1 17:3,511 1,37
,7j4 3,00H.74S
l,tHl 523,66:! 3,H:
5,479 ß.30ü.:H9
tiaO 3
4,955 6,25
,527 8,.j17,5
1
7()61 573,:
5:
9,4:
3,7ü2 12,413,818

1.002
5.0J.;

6,Olb
44tf

2,694
54
541

67
14
7,986

1,395,
93
2,225'
11
461
50
;9.110

6t3.1S;'
2,S66,761

3.1O.j,784
21,.")59,425

5,394,446 218,û-t6.546
288,802 3,338,079

1,291,431
47,176
296,773

216
101

100,9UV
50,008

65,247
12,710
7,216,76

1,466,617
7R,406
2,050,400
7,9
5
297,194
25,623

!6,"!05,!13

705
767
82

3S5,604
524,739
55,521
127,800

221

8,751,574
120,204
3,167.129
66J,24u
662,352

3,236,090
84,1 03
140,6:!ü,lDU

30,396,90.j
823,301
45,40;3,037
61,933
1,6.jl,107
84,763

196,OSO,a5ì

3,091,497
16.845,513
225,946

701,413

4.87:J,572
34,007,628

262.537,122
4,922,462
14,027,855
306,154
4.
02,,656

1.213,732
R.
q.499

3,hS7,85.5
123,097
1 ';,j,
06, 2
1

43,42.j,44.j
1,36S,43S
5
,812.219
93,627
3,473,727
16t,OR2

3."!,:
S.),S.8

4,57.j,109
19,.j36,283
460,260
1,077,475

328

PRODUCTION

102.-Statistics of Manufactures, 1918.-con.

Estab- Em-
Groups and Kinds lish- ployees Wages Cost of Value of
of Industries. ments. Capital. on paid. materials. products.
wages.
No. $ No. $ $ $
II. Te:\tiles-con.
Carpets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2,691,460 480 358,572 1,085,390 1,850,182
Clothing, men's, cus-
tom....... ......... 1,490 7,672,674 4,944 3,204,890 7,300,189 15,943,600
Clothing, men's fac-
tory.. .............. 147 25,703,795 7,551 5,279,774 18,121,914 33,835,793
Clothing, women's,
CU8ton1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,503 6,332,963 5,405 2,575,377 7,372,837 14,529,681
Clothing, women's,
factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 19,020,092 9,690 6,118,561 18,321,089 32,364,340
Cordage, rope and
t"\vine. .. ... . . . . . . . . . 8 1O,C56,519 1,097 889,119 8,395,039 13,714,620
Cotton and wool waste 6 532,889 112 77,154 909,051 1,227,889
Cottons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 53,796,394 15,618 8,406,062 34,289,862 66,399,228
Embroidery..... . . . . . 7 116,839 144 73,121 69,873 213,999
Felt goods..... . ..... . 3 938,378 98 62,505 351,637 614,749
Flax, dressed. . . . . . . . . 32 1,445,211 703 390,353 869,673 1,872,293
Fur goods. . . . . . . . . . . . 87 1,539,555 470 426,827 1,884,617 3,057,422
Furnishing goo d s ,
men's.... .......... 84 12,647,413 5,075 2,363,875 10 ,527 ,796 17,876,956
Furs, dressed..... . .. . 10 585,714 463 329,267 164,818 802,083
Hats, caps and furs. . . 199 14,431,530 3,866 2,665,674 8,438,424 17,112,425
Hosiery and knit
goods. . . . . . . _ . . 108 31,092,866 11,903 6,148,350 26,527,287 45,755,129
Laces and braids. . . . . 8 598,867 193 90,773 431,360 822,764
Linen. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 4 5G2,228 124 68,003 241,296 538,933
Mats and rugs. . . . . . . . 6 205,482 76 42,757 101,797 215,483
Neckwear. . . . . . . . . . . . 17 1,368,633 511 263.675 1,261,228 2,368,159
Oiled clothing.. . . . . . . 7 146,900 75 30,738 114.589 199,549
Quilted goods......... 7 223,131 91 36,226 126,635 314,516
Regalia and society
emblems.......... . 6 90,371 40 24,084 38,956 110.758
Shirts, collars and
cuffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 358,168 295 126,072 482,069 758,823
Shoddy.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 730,821 225 209,247 2,133,008 2,784,853
Silk and silk goods. . . 7 2,890,431 975 438,695 1,436,229 2,451,220
Textiles, dyeing and
finishing.. . . . . . . . . . . 3 125,750 31 20,823 31,685 80,656
Thread......... . ..... 4 3,313,267 546 271 ,698 1,718,064 3,007,877
Waterproof clothing. . 13 1,317,3'71 361 315,935 1,435,081 2,379,429
Wool carding and
fulling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 520,602 38 35,431 525,901 745,245
Woollen goods.. . . . . . . 75 19,268,202 5,203 3,246,928 15,301,474 25,063,515
Woollen yarns. 10 3,767,390 824 454,582 4,311,902 6. 499,445
'Vool pulling... . . . . . . . 5 411,974 27 24,486 468,332 621,214
All other industries. . 4 332,144 81 42,115 426,586 603,923
III. Iron and Steel
products.......... . 1,064 339,483,02CJ 69,466 79,076,215 238,483,815 443,455,779
Boilers and engines. . . 66 28,891,924 7,051 7,743,433 12,662,788 29,470,457
Bridges, iron and steel 26 21,293,248 4,878 5,815,402 5,708,826 22.954,919
Cash carriers and
registers. . . . . 3 1,318,553 70 61,706 7,063 626,524
Castors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 120,373 22 10,247 28,486 62,385
Chains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2,412,286 438 371,680 960,266 2,020,295
Cutlery and edge
tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2,903,208 508 310,208 909,398 2,993,276
Dies and moulds... . . . 10 1,829,811 371 311,428 271,734 903,831
Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 666,647 234 216,495 191,062 745,660
Foundry and machine

hop products.. . . . . . 667 84,122,446 23,586 24,509,092 27,788,059 82,493.897

J1.1S UFJ1CTUH.EJ:s 3
9

IO
. -
tahsfks of l\lanufad Uft'S. 191 - eon.

Groups and Kind
Estau-
of Industries. lish- Capital.
ments.

II I. IrOlI and St('('I'
I)rod uetS.-con.
Gas machines. .
liard ware. .
Hard\\ar(', carringl'
and saddlcry.
lI()r
('sho('s... ..
Iron and st('('l pro-
duC'ts. .. . . . . . . . . ., .
I ron pi
. ..... " ...
RollinJ!: mills and
teel
furnacf's. ., .
:-:afc
nnù ,"aults..

,,\ H. . .

('alf':--.. . ..

c" inJ!: machinrs amI
attachments. . .

katcs. ..............

tamp::) and stencils. .
:-'tovcs and hot air
furnaces. . . . .
Structural ironwork
Tool
and implplIlent<:;
Wire.... .
Wire f('nring.. . . . .
All othcr industries...

1\. Timber and
I.umber and their
re-manufactures. .
Artificial limbs and
trusses. . . . . . . .
Bask('ts.. . .. .. . .
Billiard tables..... . . .
Boxes, cigar.... ..
Bo'\es, wooden. . , . . . . .
Clothes pins..........
Coffins and caskets.. .
CooPC'faJ..l'. . . . . .
Corks. . . . . . . . . _
Furniture and uphol-
ster('d goods. . . . . . .
Lasts and pegs...... . .
Log produrts (saw-
mill), ..... . . . .
Lum bl'r products. . . . .
Matches...... ......
Picture framps... .., . .
Pumps and windmills.
Refrigerators... . . . . . .

hooks, box... .

how cases... . .
Wicker\\are....... ., . .
Wood('nware..... .
Woodpulp.... .
Woodworking and
turning... . . . . . . . . . .
All other industri('
. . .

I\o. $

6 2 !.I 1 ,51
12 2,327,07
4 1,676,54
5 519,22

31 13,514,23
11 35,9ï4,
9
46 109,5:J8,10
6 570.45
13 2,9:
6.72
10 1,3Cú,94
4 2,515,6J
3 33,10
1;) 3,3-1:0,24

6
9 ,2J
7 562,634
21 x, W6,273
26 G,Y21,00
1
3,3.')1,24f)
11 l,n9.37F

1 591 1 :
:U,tO-1,I
.
2t 324,29f<
27 472,155
3 22<<1, 6:?
7 755,503
83 6,9Rl,1O(
3 114,942
27 1,91O,9g5
103 2,031,4fif
E 918,623
23
22,661.391
7 715,613

3,095 182,
54,74C
712 31,ROfi,543
3 2,301,fi22
35 891,978
52 R20,59!'
10 813,6S6
6 375,755
14 585,324
12 436.4 HI
9 847,173
38 71,708,223

69 ::,632,136
13 514,274

Em-
ploy('('s \\ a
(':-: Cost of Value of
un paiù. matf'rial::.-. proùucts.
" ages.
Ko. $ $ $
,j 99 '''
,442 90,IUO 339,003
t.i 843 \\4
,077 1 ,094 ,O
fi 3,3
8,848
, 1 , 1611 1,4
,j.724 I,Olb,htJ
3,8hO,327
2 105 60,302 140,2:
H a57,641
U 3,2tj,j 3,303,34 II 1l,3.j6,3H. 19,366,041
4 1,366 2,085,2U4 26,164,722 32,102,900
;) 19,OCU 25,767,O:
:" 135,30b,883 209,706,31H
(i 16'; 16:?14û 134,352 5
5.()
J5
6 3G2 3Hl,706 tiO:{ ,3ß7 2,031,706
r 365 354,329 417,317 1,3fi:3,181
tI 855 645,IY(; 512,431 1,51)1,791
(' 7 7,349 2,606 18,:
66
1 417 551,25-1 1,2' 0,13U 2,696,816
7 152 110,781 ,175,519 12.3,244
92 !H.315 I 261,061 579,
)90
1,71:i l ,b-l:O, I:J3 [ 1 ,890,b36 6,761,886
2 1,lb7 1,031.2UC 5,015,blU 9,ü50,
:n
48f 478,204 l3,550,927 5,163.477
549 490.fi04 L.928,4fi2 1,884,533

; ,

6 66,58; 9ãã 91.000,3').1 2ãl.G99,lát
12( 6
.û36 307,417 552,219
373 175,6:
6 183,648 615,112
1 HI 13,8 S S 17,9G9 51,950
32.') I
O,974 . 355,014 743,335
2,9R3 2,O.3ß,251 4,912,755 9,319,302
75 3fl.1l ( 22,616 83,9G9
474 3.5:3,74(, 93
,713 1,955,925
-')'" 520,511 1 ,277 ,9
2 2,467,676
,--
152 99,7U8 407,347 776,045
7,071 4,694,473 6,7U
,417 17,875,440
204 144 ,8"" t 101 ,5J6 416,527
57,300 44,412,242 45.
76,832 146,333,192
7,350 5,234,435 17,201,157 29,425,925
54ð 284,167 771,077 1,575,680
2fi5 194,149 2!}6,4ü5 737,078
I 338 295,6
0 454,.=j!I4 1,102,929
120 lC6,608 315.257 648,807
135 96,365 3ßO,274 543,700
140 140,356 238,141 551,457
252 168.781 163,260 5-10,2
5
199 111,086 205,436 524,718
6,831 6,355,928 10,768,036 30,b95,556
1,138 747,300 1,848,493 3,424,199
152 92,941 2G7 ,S()
538,188
I

330

PRODUCTION

102.-Statistics of l\lanufactures, 1918-con.

--
Estab- Em-
Groups and Kinds lish- ployees 'Vage;:, Cost of Value of
of Industries. ments. Capital. on paid. materials. products
wages.
No. $ No. $ $ $
V. I
eather and its
finished products. 1,672 76,652,767' 19,237 12,507,227 58,755,096 94:,577 ,196
Bel ting and hose,

leather. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1,170,197 61 49,089 707,387 963,994
Boots and shoes...... 161 33,274,753 12,105 1,135,880 27,318,772 46,387,665
Boot and shoe repairs. 754 1,000,574 918 7,241,772 611,974 1,776,137
Boot and shoe supplies 18 536,840 250 540,387 575,460 965,805
Harness and saddlery 562 8,485,259 1,635 150,275 4,617,800 8,127,978
Leather, tanned, cur-
ried, etc..... . , . . . . . 139 28,435,806 3,341 2,893,486 23,681,659 33,273,925
Leather goods.. ..... 28 2,614,518 666 369,314 917,035 2,004,204
Trunks and valises.... 6 1,134,820 261 127,024 325,009 1,087,488
VI. Paper and print-
ing.............. '.0 1,762 2J2,04:6,328 10,742 3J,6JO,392 62,276,6-12 167,367,972
Blue prints. . .0. . . . . . . 7 88,210 29 19,795 70,001 161,408
Boxes and bags, paper 77 7,871,831 3,207 1,623,929 5,067,689 9,761,816
Fly paper....... 0 . . .. . 3 39,493 17 6,980 41,787 86,506
Lithographing and
engraving. . . . . 0 . . . . . 79 7,098,668 2,086 1,795,824 2,650,452 6,675,480

laps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 32,796 8 4,634 8,471 52,186
Paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 12,520,765 2,103 1,624,047 6,826,284 12,792,666
Paper patterns... 0.... 5 360,072 100 49,691 92,327 608,380
Printing and book-
,binding..... o ...... . 600 20,345,806 7,695 6,330,032 7,975,000 22,689,803
Printing and publish-
ing....o.. 0......... 860 . 30,110,354 8,505 6,587,627 8,6:1:2,480 30,325,123
Pulp and paper....... 26 157,115,716 14,999 15,2
8,631 26,707,573 75,621,212
Stationery goods. . . . . 46 4,197,663 1,377 849,22J 2,844,538 5,299,369
Stereotyping and
electrotyping.. . . .. . 12 234,815 116 110,984 178,062 515,547
Wall paper........... 0 4 1,557,294 356 248,821 603,623 1,816,193
Waxed paper.... 0.... . 5 333,165 73 57,755 489,644 821,562
All other industries... 2 139,680 71 32,413 78,211 140,721
VII. Liquors and
beverages.......... 391 47,973,751 4,006 3,H5,44:2 13,476,912 28,266,256
Aerated and mineral
,.. waters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 4,073,133 1,148 785,433 2,210,745 5,392,166
Liquors, distilled..... 6 10,018,168 444 268,229 2,271,178 2,844,698
Liquor::;, malt..... .. . 63 32,433,507 2,241 1,908,076 6,543,058 16,370,946
Liquors, vinous. . 0 . . . . 11 932,887 66 64,130 231,312 511,217

lalt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 516,056 107 119,574 2,220,619 3,147,229
VIII. Chemicals and

allied I)roducts.... 337 13J,377 ,823 16,5J 1 17,588,912 93,75J,000 173,619,073
Ammonia. . . . . . . . . . . . 3 432,440 28 30,865 205,195 499,437
Carbide of calcium. . . 4 8,468,035 975 963,029 1,785,733 5,205,323
Carbonic acid gas.o . . . 4 439,598 30 36,945 29,652 221,001
Disinfectants. . . . . . . . . 7 67,942 9 6,657 44,760 117,228
Drugs and chemicals. 38 26,029,530 3,936 5,014,574 16,286,788 38,252,587
Dyes and colours. . . . . 3 194,917 32 13,970 135,191 222,882
Explosives. . . 0 . . . . 10 13,943,670 2,662 3,279,447 19,262,115 28,498,247
Fertilizers. . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3,064,111 281 237,895 1,594,059 2,614,345
Oils. o .. _ ........ .. .. 19 4,493,292 213 186,717 5,759,895 7,080,512
Oxygen gas. . . . . . . . . . . 5 1,215,645 125 139,719 41,253 732,680
Paints and varnishes.. 45 15,784,610 1,382 948,637 9,203,530 17,796,518
Patent medicines. . . . . 118 8,821,901 1,630 962,861 4,944,510 12,355,053
Perfumery and cos-
metics........ . . . . . . 5 342,566 62 29,626 168,604 418,076
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . 10 35,745,410 2,935 3,449,142 24,454,575 37,866,907
Salt................. . 9 1,819,274 253 233,009 541,887 1,712,158

U
1.Y CO PA C'J' i. If 1'.:8

331

102.- .statistics of Uanufa(.t urt'S. 1915 -con.

Group
and Kind

of 1 nc.lu..t rips.

'"III. ('hemi('al
and
allied products-
concludf'<.L
:,t.ar('h and glucoS(>.. . .
Wood distillation...
\\ ood prpvf'ntivp

\ll other indu:'ltrit'.::I...

1:\. ('Ia). L.la!'o'
and I
stone l)rO(hu.t
. . . .
_\bra.
ivc goods.. . .
Ccmcnt, Portland
('cIlu'nt prodw.t
.
Clav.
(aa:..;s. ...... . .
Gla
s, stailled, cut and'
urnaull'ntu.l. . . . . 1
Lilllfl'..... . . . . , . . . . .

I irrors and platt' glas.

)1 onu 1Ilt'1l t s and tom b- I
Sl
d
ìT

e an('l' J

i
k: I
=-'tom', artificiaL. . .
:-' ta t ua ry and art goO( l:-
;O:;tonl', monu III en tall
building, t't('. . . 1
Wall plastPr. . . . . . .
.\ll othpr inclu
trif's.. .
!

. Jh'(als and lI1l'tal
I)rod lH'ts of her.
than iroll and
sh'el
Aluminium ware..... .
BaLbit metal and sol-
der.......... .
Bra,,;; castings.. . .
Bra
;; and iron beds...
Coppersmithing.
Electroplating. .
Engravers' supplies.. .
Ferro alloys. . .. .....
Gold and sih"cr, rc-
du('ing and refinin
.
Jewellery and repairs.
Lamps and lanterns...
Lightning rod:'l........

Ietallic roofing and
flooring. . . .. . .. .
P'
Ins........ ........
Plumbers' supplies....
Plumbing and tin-
smithing .
Rilversmithing. ... ...
Stamped enamelware.

melting. . . .
All othpr indu"tri('
...

Estab-
lish-
I nlf'nt:-1.

,).

., 3't"
w .. 4 1
81
731

!
1
1
3'

20
3
24
I
l,i04 1
14
13.
17,
4.

Capital.

$

12
U'
4
13

3,7.'04.6 1 3-1
3,612.5n'
1, t:
3 .X,j\J'
4,9R:J,7
: '

,9:1.
I

li
1
230
9,
22
66
16

;:J.5'!
.:S61
4,53:J,523
26,l20,
t:J
1,2U5. 271 1
22,IXO,56t1
7,443,525 1
623. 211 1
4,04S, 217 1
1 1 ')') 1 .)()
, ....>, _"1
2 ,
.'o.'), 7 43
9S9,451 1
37,9991
87,596
1 ,7()o.

1
117 ,.J l.)'
311,1.5!JI

213

1
-1 ð l
3
3

4
454J
9,
7

13.!, ;- .j; ,ou:

5,022, 703 1
174,612 1
17,93fj,fi.')8
59s,IU I
125,271 1
2,012,309
30,233
1,13ð,3i9
840,917
5,030,563
382,20

2(1),923
4,715,038
294,318
5,626,700
28,531,Oib
2,494,543
112,335
56,135,981
921,124

EIIl-
ployt.('

on
WR "S.

:\0.

f i:Jt'
tH7 1
4!j,
651'1
9.91

1,074'
1,183,
473
2,;J(b l l
2,215
2921
782,
1: J7 1
7h
f,
6ï,
7f)
44J
1
35

:31 1
2.j

'!.'i, I
'"
t:)111
6:3,
4,lm
144
52 1
lIb l
10
27-1,
12i
1, 781 1
2S9
2-1'
I
1, 055 1
115
1,109
9,409
515
48
4,896
182

Wag{'CJ
paid.

$

541,j.SO
6ï,j.04J.)
4H,S'1
.
ï99.2
'1
9.Oti1.; I

1. 113,963!
1 ,2S7 ,50

3SH,121
2,111,jiO
2,01l.0,jl
111,35ð.

2,44:

96,0ï2

72;'5,632
62,S62
GO,ß75
:J2.7g31
336,131>1
25,301
1
')')-'
\),_-,

2j.slo,mn
740.134

52,362
3,9H4.35

115,340
42,075
105,591
10,106
449,7iU

129,770
1,394,j:J9
170,.563
17,7
2

993,746
67,543
94
,812

7,599,129
434.73!J
35,845
7,343,554
165,162

('ost of
matl'riILI
.

$

4,992.705
3,31
,731
2'{ 1 ,;!67
702,440

9.!9ì .';91
1 ,900.2
51
1 .. 0 ') .. _ 71
,I _,I;)
757,2
1
44JU, ii2
2,0,j6, 739 1
2:m,612\
5S5.2f>6 1
357,133
900,7
d,
43,150 1
34,0321
10,761'
35o.43sl
56,997,
14.290

91,kl!l,m-n
3,072,113
1.344,91 '1
14,54
,O!H
317,6.55
44,IIL:
11)5. 807 1
37,091
610,444

3,133,073
2,162,130
331,244
262,257
3,475,056
195,318
2,422,320 j
22,526.601
667,53
,
32, 812 1
36,103, 6Y6 1
372.801

Yalup of
produet:o,.

$

7,7>\8,742
7 .n:J4, 122
17
,23j
4,15.>,020

J5.:J;) j .:111
5.4:J!J,046
7,1.')U,41.i0
1..1'06,24.1
6.409,005
6.H62, IOU

744,727
2.273.1(j:J
US7 ,44]

2,R72,1l7
1 H4 ,:
2;J
17 4,839
70.056
1,035.154
111.72:J
37,.%6

1 ;0,0 12,
õ)1)
R ,4>m ,:J56

1,7

.OUf)
24,1
6,87

766.
47
117,101
3
8,37
J
kl,87-1
.1,1.53,8()2

4,:
;H,OlO
5,64J6,5ï.j
7.'00,490
171,646

6 ,:
U2. 7RO
4:H.280
5,062,457
41,870,524J
1,802,702
1:
4,34e
62,482,256
752,054

332 PRODUCTION
102.-Statistics of Manufactures, 1918-con.
I Em-
Groups and Kinds Estab-! ployecs Wages Cost of Value or
of Industries. lish- Capital. on paid. ma terials. products.
ments. wages.
XI. Tobacco and its No. $ No. $ $ $
manufactu!"es. . . . . 15:J 32,918,356 9,10! 4,935,829 19,039.791 55,411,.f87
Tobacco, chewing,
smoking and snuff. . 29 9,663,557 2,125 1,010,552 4,818,988 17,527,513
Tobacco, cigars and
cigarettes.......... . 124 23,284.799 6,979 3,925,277 14,220,803 '37,883,974
XII. Vehicles for
land and air trans-
portation. . . . 893 179,799,539 39,Oa5 12,066,775 105,561,485 205,213,617
Automobiles........ _' 10 31,550,353 4,66ð 5,558,042 37,058,645 66,814,266
Automobile parts and
accessories........ . . 25 3,386,271 1,147 961,95b 3,636,453 6,278,431
Bicycles...... . . ... .. . 4 1,890,968 469 444,044 091,375 1,601,262
Car repairs. . . . . . . . . . . 112 72,322,688 15,215 16,948,543 14,870,744 !0,972,fn7
Carriages and wagons 711 14,904,531 3,023 2,263,563 3,9b5,681 9,477,48!Þ
Carriage and wagon
materials...... . . . 21 3,053,391 1,034 955,074 1,745,414 4,487,324
Cars and car works... 8 52,217,295 11,071 12,207,423 40,951,923 66,068,705
All other industries... 2 474,042 2,408 2,728,128 2,621,250 9,513,523
XIII. V e sse I s for
water transI>orta-
tion............... . 20,1 57,,144,939 21.041 25,186,327 30,296,94:7 76,630,411
Boats and canoes. . . . . 114 1,145,906 693 704,621 589,551 1,831,000
Shipbuilding and re-
pairs. . . _ . . . ...... . 90 56,299,033 20,348 24,481,7G6 29,707,396 74,799,411
XIV. Miscellaneous
Industries...... '" 2,595 742,635,175 92,385 88,372,871 223,533,691 485,082,107
Agricul tural impl e-
ments. . . 84 74,410,60:1 8,943 8,618,201 17,319,840 34,853.673
Ammunition...... . 91 54,112,884 35,046 42,065,783 lOO,g47,392 186,034.920
Artificial feathers and
flowers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 237,235 224 96,174 190,594 450,603
Asbestos. . . .. ...... 8 1,253,580 99 59,534 106,708 317,066
Asphalt. . . . _ 3 594,441 108 116,154 117,008 295,170
Beekeepers' supplies. . 4 20,20{) 6 3,930 1-12,358 28,328
Blacking. . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 972,858 193 121,949 1,050,115 1,822,949
Boiler compound. . . . . 4 176,789 8 6,718 55,630 137,876
Boots and shoes, rub-
ber...... _.......... 10 12,100,057 5,363 3,218,445 5,785,027 17,1
8,175
Brooms and brushes.. 78 2.625,918 911 585,240 1,958,433 3,473,876
Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 920,556 616 315,906 313,948 986,332
China and glass decor-
a ting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 23,527 4 3,276 4,671 13,555
Church ornaments.... 4 6,940 15 8,208 15,570 36,650
Clocks and watches... 4 254,413 72 44,219 302,555 474,673
Coke...... 8 17,811,917 1,088 1,395,773 9,042,598 13,826,778
Combs.............. . 4 153,878 115 53,117 133,325 303,188
Conduits. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 424,747 42 39,479 523,411 711,063
Corsets and supplies. . 14 3.764,487 1,449 451,183 1,782,004 3,495,752
Cream separators. _.,. 5 2,020,U45 513 399,653 1,163,571 2,348,614
Dental supplies. . . . . . . 6 250,400 38 36,828 697,883 812,530
Electrical apparatus
and supplies. . . - . . . . 68 43,285,405 7,178 6,144,903 13,780.667 30,045,399
Electric ligh t and
power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795 401,942,402 5,667 6,053,334 53,449,133
Elevators...... . 5 2,837,995 385 463,083 569,201 2,023,839
Elevator repairs... . . . 13 843,550 139 147,336 828,054 1,211,269
Enamel ware. . . . . . . . . . 3 2,134,355 273 263,159 260,15G 1,048,522
Fancy goods. . . . . . . . . . 14 918,007 353 217,530 439,627 1,087,409
Fire extinguishers... . . 4 342,374 43 39,071 20,610 93,805
Flour paste..... .. .. .. 4 84,506 23 16,363 150,606 247,715
Fringes, cords and
tassels...... . . . . . . . . 4 255,708 118 58,409 144,788 31Q,435

J[
tSUF
\C7'l7RES 3303
10".- statistics of Jlanufacturc , 1915- -con.
Em-
Groups an(l 1\:ind:i Esta.b- ployC'cs '" agC's Cost of ValuE' of
of Indu:-;t riC's. I ibh- Capital. on paid. mat(.rials. products.
Ilwnts. wagps.
,1\ . :\lis(...lIa 1H.'OU!'o No. S No. S S S
Industrll's -con.
Gas, lighting and
}H'ating. . . . . . . . 43 27,Ol
,835 1,390 1,3S2,12
3,471,214 R,413,236
GloyC's and mittl'ns... ,1)7 6,2!H,269 3,,1)
9 1,970,4.1).1) 5,t);)t),549 I1,07H,231
(;luf'.. ... 11 1,562,O
6 267 22H,911 H12,H23 1,4SS,147
Hnirwork. 9 428,R20 89 58,093 97,614 25
,3
0
Ha
'. balc,d..... 3 33,900 9 R ,!)'
6 f)o1,084 110,200
Irc, manuhcturC'd 17 1,707,828 153 145,124 23,943 4H7,07!)
Incuhator;;.... . :i 80,616 2fi 22, 122 34,487 92,20!>>
Ink
....... It 1,022,0
O 1.=)2 135,
:JO 876,672 1,746,93.'}
Instmrn('nts mathp-
matical and srÏ('ntific. 5 70,770 10 9,724 32,S,I)2 77.03:>
.Jcwdlery ca
C's. fì 196,fi Wi 65 32,231 :i4, n
9 12
.50

Labels and ta
s... . . 4 3f\7 ,
:)31 154 74,:W9 107,090 290,
tH
)Ia.ttres:,cs and Aprin.g
bcd
... 50 4,::S"O,.!)20 1 ,IJX
924.492 3.06.').36:' 6,11.'),573

I ica, cut. . . 11 5H,:
!J6 fi.):
116,295
9,Ofi3 411,845
'lops. ......... . 3 .):
Ji41 17 12,263 .1)6.973 f\!',7ti5
'1 usical instruIllPnt
. . -li x,-tH ,."7n 2,351ì l,h71.144 3,,
0:J,55fì 6,903.743
:\1 usical in
trulllf'nt
mat('rials. .... 11 1,427.4<t0 652 517,5:..3 7ßl,rì:i5 1,7-tO,014
Optical goodo. 29 7ß3,0."if) :
()3 262,02fi 209,909 R!12,x:!!)
Patterns.... . 2li 1 W,01.i lEI 41.97:ä 38,1 x4 2S5,259
Phonop:raphs and

raphophonE's. . 10 3,043,IS,j 45.-, 3()0,3:!,
7.32,107 2.mH,.317
Photop:rnphy. . . 50:! 1,4:ä
,n,"i3 87
J H7,
m ti31 ,.3
0 2,285,944
PilX' and hoilC'r CO\ f'r-
ing...... . 3 1:;0.6'11;1 I)') 2
,3'n 12ï,.')27 210,616
Pipcs, tobacco. . . . 5 :!ü,2tjO 13 10.90.1) 13,236 46,439
Plastcr. . . . . . . . 4 45,20<' 1
14,535 6,5.')3 31,013
Plaster and stucco... 9 47,4!IL 37 33,32;) 2:J,311 Îh,2
0
Pulleys. . . . . . . . 4 151),875 ti"- 5
.3Îl 85.0.U lUS,5:n
Hailway suppli('s. . . . 6 9(1X,121 lOti
9,207 333,718 713,715
Hoofin
and roofinp:
materials.... . . . 61 4 ,."S7 ,374 663 55ti,022 3,291,870 5,743,8R6
Rubbcr and f'lastic
goods....... . :W 19,5i5,6
O 3,992 3,52j,4ßO 15,722,893 29,092,46J
Seed cleanin
and pre-
parin
. . . . . . . 15 2,2ü6,2.j4 365 200.200 4,58
,313 6,112,114
Signs. . . . 71 487,447 281 253,9S7 112,781 869,364
Soap. . 28 13,086,933 1,IM 1,068,971 14,5
5,624
0,944,909
Spinning wh('els. . . . . . . 3 7,830 3 1,840 1,048 7,183
Sporting and athlctic
goods. . .. .. . . 8 355,531 193 104,059 335,298 566,439

urgical appliancf':i.. ,. 4 2H2,369 23 14,233 72,205 228,124
Sweeping: compounds.. 10 55,300 14 10,803 28,715 8t,:
61
TOY8 and games. . 15 36
,219 193 131,817 115,329 405,369
Type" riters and sup-
pli('s...... 5 317,
7ð 50 36,2.') 1 1>)0,524 361,672
'C III brc.llas. . . . . . . . 10 367,562 135 79,808 372,531 669.383
Vacuum cleancr8. . . . . . 5 6
,544 19 16,228 119,834 IS7,772
Washing compounds. . 43 1,460,399 1,186 651 ,1 ()r) 357,641 1,860,032
\\ ashing machincs and
\\ ringers..... . 6 738,020 17-1 145,024 331,713 773,781
Wax candles.. 7 120,541 26 14,108 52,894 97,S62
W('ather-strips...... . . 13 118,171 27 22,474 58,148 1:
6,0f<5
Whips.. ........ 4 375,907 63 50,772 149,977 316,H80
Window bi inds and
shades. . . 7 2,331,392 290 193,106 U59,515 2,202,050
Window fixtures. 5 159,387 65 66,460 16:),630 360,146
); ot spccified. . . . 18 1.673.044 1 29.3 1 260,480 519,98R 2,076,360
All other industries. . . 44 8,359,901 1, 446 1 1,076,7821 2,990,129 7,6R5,670
I

334

PRODUCT/OiV

102.-Statistics of Manufactures, 1918-conduded.

Estab- Em-
Groups and Kinds lish- Capital. ployees Wages þtOf Value of
of Industries. ments. on paid. materials. products.
wages.
XY. Hand Trades... 6,788 62,327,452 37,823 29,525,409 27,284,638 89,814,76
Automobile repairs. . 675 5,832,710 2,022 1,853,450 1,835,989 6,461,26
Bicycle repairs. . 114 439,015 237 141,626 137,490 504,510
Blacksmithing.... ... 3,964 8,431,021 4,369 3,275,969 1,752,051 7,638,341
Dyeing and cleaning.. 312 5,871,812 5,234 3,089,750 1,280,695 8,003,561
Housebuilding....... . 995 36,722,958 19,898 18,781,641 20,392,245 60,522,151
Interior decorations.. . 15 685,482 205 142,594 317,019 676,821
Laundries, steam. . . . . 26 803,881 655 409,582 128,126 885,055
Lock and gunsmithing 43 1,206,790 443 304,078 265,296 993,841
Painting and glazing. . 644 2,333,783 4,760 1,526,719 1,175,727 4,129,222

103.- Statistics of Manufactures, by Cities and Towns, 1918.

Cit.ies and Towns.

'Iontrcal, Que....
Toronto, Ont. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hamilton, Ont........ ........
\Vinnipeg, Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yancouver, B.C... .............
Ottawa,Ont .. _. .....
Quebec, Que....................
I_ondon, Ont............ ........
J{itchener, Ont................. .
Victoria, B.C. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Calgary, Alta. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edmonton, Alta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brantford, Onto ...... . . . . . . . . . . .
Peterboro, Onto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Galt, Ont...... . . . . .. ..........
Guelph, Ont.. ... .' .. .......
WeIland, Ont......... .... ... ....
St. Catharines, Onto . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sarnia, Ont. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stratford, Onto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Windsor, Ont. . . . . . . _ . .. . . . . . . . .
W:llkerville, Ont...... . ...... ...
Owen Sound, Ont. . . . . . . . . . . .
Rherbrooke, Que....... _........
Three Rivers, Que. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hull, Que.. _ . . _ _... . . . . . . . .
J .achine, Que.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. John, N.B...................
Halifax, N.S. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fort William, Onto ....... . . . . . . .
Port Arthur, Onto ......... _. ..
Regina, Sask........... .. . ... ...
Moosejaw, Sask. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

askatoon, SaRk... .... .........
Chatham, Onto .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oshawa,Ont ..........
Niagara Falls, Ont....... .... ...
Sault Ste. Marie, Onto . . . . . . . . . .
:KewGlasgow, N.S.............
Valleyfield, Que... . ... ....... ..
Kingston, Ont.. .... _ . _ . . . . . . . . .
St. Thomas, Ont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ford, Ont........ _.. . .. . _. _... ..
Sydney, N .S........ . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totals. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Estab-
lish-
ments.

NO.
2,375
2
835
686
779
675
404
424
380
172
213
230
213
181
116
111
129
84
149
80
97
162
61
94
129
91
49
47
280
285
77
46
117
69
121
104
56
93
86
69
41
108
103
3
75

Capital.

$
468,401,480
379,492,078
142.336,442
82.709.029
98,434,309
37.784,469
35.900,978
34.547,811
20,997.159
17,136,214
29.589,495
15.981, 916
40,724,243
20,322.222
23,334.049
10,272,367
26.751.880
17,512.116
21.887,0

6,593,259
20,244,130
20.488.155
6,614.849
13.760,176
20,764.907
11,341,68"9
18,850.201
26,787,911
17,848.860
18,217.942
12,668,135
9,490,593
9.263,786
4,936,434
9,193,033
12,739,486
51,199,485
69,234,987
11,506,872
9.309.644
13,739,158
5,347,809
17.147,553
104.965,289

Salaries
Em- and
ployees. wages.

NO.
157,878
106,248
31,116
19,181
18,733
12,099
11.131
10.254
6,534
4,460
4,225
3,979
8,288
4,513
4,252
3.005
5,719
5.501
2.778
3,068
2,555
4,915
2,682
6,327
5,744
3,335
4,847
6,504
8,315
2.456
2,412
1,578
1,311
1,230
2,624
3,583
3,048
4,154
2,635
2.254
3,116
2,543
2,813
3,664

12,6991 2,0-16,369,638 507,607

Cost
of
materials.

$ $
110,196,219 291.973,466
105,920,198 265,988,540
32,293,612 118.595,728
18,773,622 77.689,693
21,283.962 48,758,443
10.604,485 24,069,990
6,980.836 16,119.423
8,702.694 20,505,633
5,127,610 14.910,675
3.858,565 6,528,136
4,572.509 20.850,413
3.469,119 17,582,062
8,222,396 19,168,364
4,203,123 17,858,747
3,891,825 5,699,331
2,694,679 6,996,457
7,186.418 17.195,633
6.437,964 10,221,638
2,848,488 16.536,782
2,408,135 6.516,677
2,416,422 4,950,808
5,307,885 13,275,906
2,048,270 2.854.274
5,241,145 8,632.901
4,158,957 7,636,741
2,431.477 7,687,168
6,222,824 15,359,003
5,057,189 16,800,922
5,689,915 7,130,571
3,482,785 15,342,633
2,770,781 3,558,923
1,863,494 4,740,395
1,479,038 14,884,953
1,216,895 4,762,315
2,190,994 9,377,577
3,700,042 18,105,870
3,275,006 8.013,750
5,361,241 28,781,533
2,403,816 9,979,597
1,455,507 4,024.026
2,633,523 6,215.657
2,987,622 7,271,345
3,874,054 12,988,897
4,698,262 38,626,353
451,643,6031,2'4,767,949

1
2

Yalue
of
products.
$
552,114,605
507,802,722
193,638.400
118. 154.995
87,786,041
42,279,417
32,754,192
39,104,056
30,462,367
14,5.51.384
31,811.073
26,107,978
35,033,226
27,504,683
13,410,433
13,863,404
37,462,265
22.610.388
25,547,612
11.171,537
11,765,271
24,959,249
7,003,954
19,967,254
17.706,194
15,139,468
27,156,203
28,247,037
19,339,836
23,487,689
8,133,822
9,737,737
18,186,485
7,620.799
15,179,426
30,504,030
18,406,805
44,556,426
14,815,223
10,569,110
12.149,450
12,795,216
31,403,785
61,474,843
2,353,476,080

1fAJVUF tC7'URI
.S

335

1"01.- 11aft' and l'emal }'mp103 ees on
alarie and naJ:'cs. b) ItrO\iuces. 1915.

Employ('c
on

alari,'
.

l'Ulploy('cs on
\\" aJ!;Cs.

Provinces.
alnri(.
. "avc
.

)Ial '5. Femalcs
{ah.:.. Fcmal(.:-.

('anada.. .

Xo. :'\0. $ '1\;0
o. S
155 39. 12-t,7

9.>ð 315 6':>2,27R
1,678 4!J
2, 5S8, 6571 2.1,2S4 3,108 22,975,321
1.400 392 1 2,453,

.31 1.1 , 0:3.3 3,OtH 11,7H3,563
1fj, 6:
6 4,202 29, ()67,572 145, .i,i
41 , O
R 146, 1:
2, 433
2.S,7S4 10, 4:
4 56, 802, ()
11 2:W.4li9 5
,285 263,937,523
2,571 (i51 4,809,254 17,
:m 2,835 18,5S0,429
1,070 221 1,5ðS,6().3 6,345 1:JO 6,907,507
1, 4;)6 4:?5 2, j
4, fm
G,8S9 1, 124 7,724,7Iitj
3,8S3 705 6,902,901 36,797 2,6.14 43,519,262
20 - 40,021 32 9 64,488
57 .65:
17.5 '" 107 ..iO:
.Oì" . .197 t 12.919 522;.!S7.570
I I

Princc Ed ward Island.
i\o, a
eotia... . . .. ......
)" e\\ Brunswick...
Quphec..
Ontario...

Ianit()ha........... .

aska.t('hcwan.. . . .
.\lherta. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
British ColumLia.... ..
yukon.... .

105. -
urnb.r of t:ml)lo) t.....s b)" \\t.t'''-I) \\a l' C .rolll)" 1915.

Undcr 16 )'car;:, of Over 16 Ycars of
Age. -\gc.
'Yeekly \\ agc (;roups Total
.Male
. l-ematcs. )lall's. Females.

o. Ko. 1\0. .:\0. .:\0.
r nder $3... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 :336 7Y9 6.3ð 2,404
'3 but und('r 4. ... . 72ôI 714' 2,356, 2, 530 1 6,32

'4 .. !5... . . . . . . . . . 920 1 943 2, 387 1 7,664
. . . 3,414.
15 "
G.......... 1,326! 1, 256 1 3,12:3 5,742 11 , 447
. . . .

6 "
7 .... . . 1,551 1,2G3 3. 790 1 8.70fi 15,310
. .
$7 " $8......... . 1, 531 1 968. 4,503 10.451 17, 45:3
... .
58 " $9.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 466 1
371 5,870 12,132 20,305
... .
$9 " $10... . . . . . . . . . 90-l 390 18,875 13,874 34,043
. . . . . .
SIO " $12..... . l,!nl 2h". 26,051 19,09Y 46,559
... . ... .
$12 " $15... . 170 47, 456 19,126 67,510
... . . . . . . . . . 10)_
$15 " $20....... . 453 51 113,915 9,147 123,566
. . . . . .
$20 " $25.... . . . . . . . . 93 4 113. Y97 2,241 116,335
..... .

5 and ovpr. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . 35 - 127,758 894 128,687
Total.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 11.-191 7.226 &70,80"'8 10b,OH 597,611
Summary. I I 41, 703\
l"ndcr $10 per wepk. .. .. ., . . 9,0371 6, 707 1 57,507 114,954
Ppr cent... . . . . . ï8' 64 1 92'82 1 8.86 53.24 19.24
Û,.er $10 per week... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,454 519 429,177\ 50,507 482,657
Per cent... . . . .................. 21.35 7.18 91.14 46.76 80.76
I I

336

TRADE AND COJJMERCE

l06.-\Vage Earners classified by Groups of Industries and of Wages, 1918.

I
Under $5 to $10 to $15 to $20 to $25 and Total
Groups of Industries. $5 per $10 per $15 per $20 per $25 per over per wage
Week. \Veek. Week. Week. Week. Week. Earners
No. No. No. No. No. No. No.
Food products.. ............. 2,625 15,095 11,710 14,892 11,518 6,663 62,503
Textiles... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,721 25,289 24,767 12,226 6,695 4,166 76,864
Iron and steel products.. . . . . . 1,065 3,478 5,967 12,540 15,270 19,726 58,046
Timber and lumber and their
re-manufactures....... ..... 978 15,263 26,911 20,162 15,739 12,770 91,823
Leather and its finished pro-
ducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,063 4,953 4,884 4,189 2,967 1,944 20,000
Paper and printing.... ... ... . 1,788 7,184 6,867 8,589 8, 170 8,600 41,198
Liquors and beverages. . . . . . . 57 527 760 1,338 861 318 3,861
Chemicals and allied products 209 1,806 1,377 3,818 3,881 4,605 15,696
Clay, glass and stone products 44 645 1,850 3,254 2,910 2,607 11,310
Metals and metal products
other than iron and steel .. 424 3,500 3,465 4,900 5,050 8,829 26,168
Tobacco and its manufactures 606 4,2J9 2,025 1,670 526 2g6 9,422
Vehicles for land transporta-
tion....................... . 113 935 3,283 7,654 9,460 16,133 37,578
Vessels for water transporta-
tion....................... . 295 923 1,618 4,699 6,726 10,876 25,137
Miscellaneous industries. . . . . . 2,103 9,761 14,062 17,685 17,OHO 21,045 81, 746
Hand trades....... .......... 1,305 4,900 4,523 5,950 9,472 10, 109 36,259
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,396 98,558 114,069 123,566 116,335 128,687 597,611

VIII.- TRADE AND COMMERCE.

Included in this section are tables showing the exports and
imports of Canada in different cat.egories and for varying periods.
These are followed by grain statistics and statistics relating to boun-
ties, patents and copyrights, trade n1arks, etc.
Import and Export Tables.-Table 1 is designed to present
a general view of the aggregate trade of Canada fron1 1868 to 1921.
In the Year Book for 1916-17 (p.297) and 1918 (p. 285), the cor-
responding table \vas constructed to shnw the total trade of Canada
as made up of imports of merchandise entered for home consumption
and of total exports, including f'xports of foreign produce. The
reasons for the changes there n1ade in the construetion of the table,
as compared \vith previous years, were explained in the Year Book
for 1916-17, pp.294-5. In connection \vith a further examination
of the customs data, and especially \vith a recla:-ssification recentl
r
effected by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, it \vas considered
that a truer presentation of the trade statistics of Canada up to 1920
'would be nlacle by onìÌtting altop ether from thp vuh: es rfpre
('n tir g
the total trade the amountR of fOleign produce. This is efI ('cially
the case in connection with Table 4, showing values fer capita,
because if foreign produce be ir;<"luded "with the total exports it
should in strictness be also included with the total imports. Accord-
ingly, the aggregate trade of Canada, as shown in the last colun
n
of 1'able 1 (p. 338), consists, up to 1920, of the value of the ÏInport"

TR.iDE .iSD 'UJIJIFUrB

.\GGREG.\TE EXTER
.\L TR.\DE OF C.o\;\.o\D.o\, IDOl-1921.

, , , " 06 07 08 '09 1910 '" " ;!. . ,J "4 . '5 "7 "8 "9 20 '9
'
'901 O
OJ 04 05 '6

,jOO ,500

jO
.?,400 J \ J 2,400
T \ /
O
ZpOO J \ V 12)00
CANADA VEÞ-R BOOte: 1920 , \ I jO
2}
/)0 I \ 1 12;00
, T_ 7
o
-
2.'00 , 2,10 0
, jO
2(JOO 2fJOO
, JO

9oa 1.900
JO
1,80 {) 1,800
jO
..
1,'10 a I,'/oa
jO
Ibon ',600
,
:JO
',$00 , :\ 1500
jO
',4.0 0 -, "\ 'iMO
1 "\ jO
l.Jo n ( r /300
, T ,
50
f201'J , f'. 120tJ
, 7
< 50
'l ðlJ 1 I 1 I/Oð
J f .j()
',00 11
\ I I , 1,00t
I \ 1 1 I
{.
900 I \ I{ 1 -/ ......... <)OG

ol , I " 5t
(JI)() fl 800

'/ --, JO
"loe },

v 7 'laD
50 -("y I 50
600 ,,
........ 7 T hOo
..50 I '" }--
I so
5ðtJ / , f .500

D ./ "I "V jO
40r.. ./ i\. - --.... ' 400
/ "/ --'

o so
..3 OlJ ...... / fof."Ç> 300
.50 ,/' ........ I -
o

oo - ./'.......... J -
2.00
.5D -:=. -
50
/00 100
50 50

Each vertical line represents one year from 1901 to 1919, and each horizontal line
represents $50,000,000 from zero to 82.500,000,000.

iG(,/lE(: irF' E
\1'ERVAL 1'R iDE

3:17

entered for hOllle COll':)Ulllption (cohllnn 1) anù of the e)o,.ports of
r'anadi:11l produce (cohuun 5). At tlt
:sanle tiInc, the valu(\ of the
(\)o,.ports of foreil!,ll produ('e is u,iven in eohunn G and that of the total
exports in <.'OIUIlUl 7. For the fi::;cal year IU:!I, ho,,'cver, the figures
. of c)o,.ports of foreign produce are includpd in total trade, because
an arranp.l'nlPnt ha
})(\Pll rpae!u'd that only good
,vhich have pre-
viou
ly bcen entered n
illlported for hOlne con
lllnption shall be
illeludpd undt'r exports of foreian prodlH'p. 1"he valuc
uf l'oin and
hullion, thp IllOYPlllPn t of ,,'hieh durin
the past five year:-; r{'pf(
s<,nts
fidu<.'iary tranf'actiou:o; rather than trading: exchang,('f', are rpcordcd

epar
ltcly in 'fable 2 for the ypar
ISöð -IU]
. 'rhp duti(.
l'ollected
on pxports and irllp()rt
an' gÏ\.('n in 'fable 3, and T 1 a1>10 4
how::; the
ratio of ('xport", to inlports and the per capita value of Canadian
tradc. Fronl rr"able 4 it \vill be ob
'rvcd t ha t the :,o-<.'all('d "balance
of trade" has ])('t'll again:-\t U:-lnada (i.e., thp illlport
for houle COll-

uluption have exceeded the exports of Canadian produce) in forty-
four years out of the fifty-four years bince Confe leration, and that
thi:-: adver:-:e balanep reached its highc
t point ill 1913 just before
the "rar. After 1 013 the unfayourable traùe ualall('C diluinishpd. and
in I!HG, for the first tilue since lRD8, it J!ave pI.lce to n. favourable
hahuH
c of trade, ,vhich f'ontinued down to ID:20, but \vas r<'pl:u'(\d
by n eOluparatively
lllall adverse balance of trade in 1921. }'or
IDIß thp exports of Canadian produce ,,"cre 1.!G.O
p.c., for 1017
1
L).20 p.c., for IHl" l.")H.HH p.('., for 1HI0 132.7
p.c., for lU20
116.43 p.('., and for lU:21 U7.60 p.c. of the inlports for hOllle <.'on-
Sllluption. 1"he value of the .\ggrpgate tradp IJf'r capita is 8ho" n hy
Tahlp 4 to havp ri
pn frOll1
3-1.:!
in 1
f)8 to
'2f).). 41 in I
t
l. 'rahle

10 and 11 ",ho\\
, for the fi::5cal years ended 191b to 1921, the exports
the produce of Canada and the in1portc;; for hOlne consumption to or
frolll the Unit{'d I\:ingdoln, the Unit('d States and all ('ountries, ac-
cording to the new cla
",ifieation of COllUllodities, prcpared by the
Ext(\rnal 'frade Divi
ion of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, \vhich
canle into force for the fiscal year ended
Iarch 31, 1 D20.

\ggregate External Trade.-..-\:S :-\hOWll hy Tahle 1 the aggre-
gate external trade of Canada for the year ended }larch 31, 1921,
'wa

2,150,587,OOl, ÏInports for consumption alnounting to $1,240,-
158,8ð2, and export8 (including exports of foreign produce pre-
viously cntered as imports for hOllie consuluption) to
1,210,4:28,119.
Inlports and exports of conllnodities \\
ere thus cOlnparatively equally
balanced. Irnports for hOlne consuI11ption reached their Inaxilnuln in
the country's history, alllountin
to
1,2-10,158,hb2, a rCsUlt partly
du
to the unprccedentedly high level of prices prevailing throughout
thè ypar. Exports of Canadian produce, on the other hand, ,vere
lo,ver than in the thrce previous yean,-not a remarkable fact ,vhen
it is considered that the great stimulus given by the ,var to Canadian
exports ha,s no\v been removed. ...\.5 sho\vn by Tables 5 and 6,
Canadian trade ,vith the United I
ingdoln approached in the fiscal
year 1921 a nlore even balance than in the ,var years, our imports
fronl the United Kingdom amounting to S213,9-1-1,814, as against exports
18427-22

338

TRADE AND CO
f}'IERCE

of $312,842,921, the favourable balance thus amounting to $98,898 -
107. Our adverse trade balance with the United States sho,ved
some improvement in the fiscal year 1921, as compared with
1920, our exports amounting to $542,304,456 and imports to
S856,613,430-an excess of imports amounting to $314,308,974-as
compared with exports of $464,028,183, imports of $801,097,318, and
an excess of imports anlounting to $337,069,135 in 1920.

t.-Aggregate External Trade of Canada, 1868-1921.
IMPORTS 0 F MERCHANDISE ENTERED Aggregate
Trade
FOR HOME CONSUMPTION. EXPORTS OF M:ERcHANDIeE. (Imports for
Home
Fiscal Consump-
Year. Canadian Foreign tion and
Dutiable. Free. Total. Produce. 1 Produce. Total. Domestic
Exports).
$ $ $ S S $ $
1868. . . . . . . . 43,655,69 6 23,434,463 67,090,159 48,504,899 4,196,821 52,701,720 115,595,058
1869....... . 41,069,34 2 22,085,599 63,154,941 52,400',772 3,855,801 56,256,573 115,555,713
1870....... . 45,127,42 2 21,774,652 66,902,074 59,043,590 6,527,622 65,571,212 125,945,664
1871. . . . . .. . 60,094,36 2 24,120,026 84,214,388 57,630,024 9,853,244 67,483,268 141,844,412
1872. . . . . . . . 68,276,15 7 36,679,210 104,955,367 65,831,083 12,798,182 78,629,265 170,786,450
1873....... . 71,198,17 6 53,310,953 124,509,129 76,538,025 9,405,910 85,943,935 201,047,154
1874........ 76,232,53 0 46,948,357 123,180,887 76,741,997 10,614,096 87,356,093 199,922,884
1875....... . 78,138,51 1 39,270,057 117,408,568 69,709,823 7,137,319 76,847,142 187,118,391
1876.. ...... 60,238,29 7 32,274,810 92,513,107 72,491,437 7,234,961 79,726,398 165 L 004,544
1877. ....... 60,916,77 0 33,209,624 94,126,394 68,030,546 7,111,108 75,141,654 162,156,940
1878....... . 59,773,03 9 30,622,812 90,395,851 67,989,800 11,164,878 79,154,678 158,385,651
1879....... . 55,426,83 6 23,275,683 78,702,519 62,431,025 8,355,644 70,786,669 141,133,544
1880....... . 54,182,96 7 15,717,575 69,900,542 72,899,697 13,240,006 86,139,703 142,800,239
1881....,.. . 71,620,72 5 18,867,604 90,488,329 83,944,701 13,375,117 97,319,818 174,433,030
1B82. .. . . .. . 85,757,433 25,387,751 111,145,184 94,137,657 7,628,453 101,766, 110 205,642,841
1883. . . . . . .. 91,588,339 30,273,157 121,861,496 87,702,431 9,751,773 97,454,204 209,563,927
1884. ....... 80,010,498 25,962,480 105,972,978 79,833,098 9,389,106 89,222,204 185,806,076
1885. '.' .... 73,269,618 26,486,157 99,755,775 79,131,735 8,079,646 87,211,381 178,887,510
1886... ..... 70,658,819 25,333,318 95,992,137 77,756,704 7,438,079 85,194,783 173,748,841
1887. . . . . . . . 78,120,679 26,986,531 105,107,210 80,960,909 8,549,333 89,510,242 186, OQ8, 119
1888........ 69,645,824 31,025,804 100,671,628 81,382,072 8,803,394 90,185,466 182,053,700
1889....... . 74,475,139 34,623,057 109,008,196 80,272,456 6,938,455 87.210,911 189,370,652
1890. . . . . .. . 77,106,286 34,576,287 111,682,573 85,257,586 9,051,781 94,309,367 196,940,159
1891. .. . . . .. 74,536,036 36,997,918 111,533,954 88.671,738 8,798,631 97,470,369 200,205,692
1892...... .. 69,160,737 45,999.676 115,160,413 99.032,466 13,121,791 112,154,257 214,192,879
1893. . . . . . . . 69.873,571 45,297,259 115,170.830 105,488,798 8,941,856 114,430,654 220,659,628
1894....... . 62.779,182 46,291,729 109,070,911 103,851,764 11,833,805 115,685,569 212,922,675
1895.... ... . 58,557.655 42,118,236 100,675,891 102,828,441 6,485,043 109,313,484 203,504,332
1896. . . . . . .. 67,239,759 38,121,402 105.361,161 109,707,805 6,606,738 116,314,543 215,068,966
1897....... . 66,220,765 40,397,062 106,617,827 123,632,540 10,825,163 134,457,703 230,250,367
1898....... . 74.625,088 51,682,074 126,307,162 144,548,662 14,980,883 159,529,545 270,855.824
1899....... . 89,433,172 59,989,244 149,422,416 137.360,792 17,520,088 154,880,880 286,783,208
1900........ 104,346,795 68,304,881 172,651,676 168,972.301 14,265,254 183,237,555 341r623, 977
1901....... . 105,969,756 71,961,163 177,930,919 177,431,386 17,077,757 194,509,143 355,362,305
1902....... . 118,657,496 78,080,308 196,737,804 196,019,763 13,951,101 209,970,864 392,757,567
1903. . .. .. . . 136,796,065 88,298,744 225,094,809 214,40;1,674 10,828,087 225,229,761 439,496,483
1904....... . 148,909,576 94,999,839 243,909,415 198,414,439 12,641,239 211,055,678 442,323,854
1905...... .. 150,928,787 101,035,427 251,964,214 190,854,946 10,617,115 201,472,061 442,819,160
1906. ....... 173,046,109 110,694,171 283,740,280 235,483,956 11,173,846 246,657,802 519,224,236
1907 2 .... . . . 152,065,529 98,160,306 250,225,835 180,545,306 11,541,927 192,087,233 430,771,141
1908....... . 218,160,047 134,380,832 352,540,879 246,960.968 16,407,984 263,368,952 599,501,847
1909........ 175,014,160 113,580,036 288,594,196 242,603,584 17,318,782 259,922,366 531,197,780
1910....... . 227,264,346 143,053,853 370,318,
99 279,247,551 19,516,442 298,763,993 649,565,750
1911...... . . 282,723,812 170,000,791 452,724,603 274,316,553 15,683,657 290,000,210 727,041,156
1912.. .... . . 335,304,060 187,100,615 522,404,675 290,223,857 17,492,294 307,716,151 812,628,532
1913....... . 441,606,885 229,600,349 671,20'7,234 355,754,600 21,313,755 377,068,3551,026,961,834
1914....... . 410,258,744 208,935,254 619,193,998 431,588,439 23,848,785 455,437,2241,050,782,437
1915... ". . . 279,792,195 176,163,713 455,955,908 409,418,836 52,023,673 461,442,509 865,374,744
1916....... . 289,366,527 218,834,607 508,201,134 741,610,638 37,689,432 779,300,070 1,249,811,772
1917........ 461,733,G09 384,717,269 846,450,878 1,151,375,768 27,835,322 1,179,211,1002,177,826,646
1918. ..... . . 542,341,522 421,191,056 963,532,578 1,540,027,788 46,142,0041,586,169,7922,503,560,366
1919...... . . 526,494,658 393,217,047 919,711,7051,216,443,806 52,321,479 1,268,765,2852,136,155,511
1920..... .. 693,655,165 370,872,958 1,064,528,123 1,239,492,098 47,166,611 1,286,658,7092,304,020,221
1921. . . . . . . . 847,561,406 392,597,476 1,240,158,882 1,189,163,701 21,264,4181,210,428,1192,450,587,001 3
Ilncluding exports to. the United 8t
tes estim3:ted:"short" in the years 1868-1900. . 2Nine months.
3Including exports of foreign produce, whICh on commg mto Canada had been entered as Imports for home
consumption. Re-exports from bonded warehouses are no longer included in Canadian trade statistics,
either as imports or as exports.

'\rOVFlIE.VT OF CUI1V tA'D BULLIO.\

3:30

2.- 310\t"ßU'nt of ('oln and Uullion. t
6s-t!ns.

Yf'ar.

1SfÞ8.. .....
P..69. . .. . . . .
1 S70. . . . . . . . . .
1:,71... ..........
IS72. . . . . . .. ....
1 S73 . . . . .. .
1 S74. . . . . .. .....
187 S. . . . . . . . . . . . .
IS76.. ..........
1877. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1S7S. . . . . . . . .
1
79 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
0. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1881. . .... .. . . . . .
1
82 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18';3. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1884. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 RS5. . . . . . .. . . . . .
1

ù. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1"');)7. ............
IMS. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
'\9. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
90. . . . . . . . .. .
1
91. . . . . . . . . . . . .
IS92. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1893. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1894 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1895. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1896. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1S9; . . . . ... . . . . . .
1
9
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
189u. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1900............ .
1901.... .. . . . . . . .
1902 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hì03... ......
1904...........
1905. . . .. . . . .
1 flon. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 fl07 (9 mos.). . . .
1 90S. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1909.:...... ....
1910............ .
1911. ... ..... . .. .
1912.............
1913.............
1914. ............
1915. \ . . . .. . . . . . .
1916. ............
1917............ .
1918. ... ..... . ....

Ex ron'rs. Total Im-
ports u.nci
Total Exports of
Import
. ('oin and
Canaùian. l'orcign. Total. Bullion.
S S S S S
-I,MJ.;, 147 4, ,"66, 16S - 4,
GG,IGS 9,7ßI,:H:;
4,247, 22tt 4,21
,:?OS - 4,21S,20<; 8, 4(ì:;, 4:
7
4,33.j,:;
9 8.0û2,:?ï8 - 8,OO:?,27S 12,
:H .S07
2,733,094 6, ö(tO, 350 - 6, tmO, 350 9, .123,444
2, 7;':
. 749 4,01O,39S - 4,01O,39
6,764,147
3,00:',41.);) 3,845,987 - 3,84:>,987 6,s.')I,4:;:?
4,2
3,
8
1,995,835 - 1.9H.3,R3.') 6,219,117
2,21O,OS
1.0:m,837 - l,m9,837 3,249,920
2,220,111 1,240,037 - 1,240,037 3, 4 f iO, 148
2,174.0S9 - 733,739 733,7
9 2,907,828
803,7
6 - lß8,9
9 168,9s9 !)72,713
1,
m,OS9 - 704, 5.
6 70-l,5SG 2,343,67:;
1 ,
S 1 ,
Oï - 1,771,7.').5 1,771,7:;5 3, ().'):
, 562
1,123,275 - 971 . 00.5 971,00:; 2,091,280
1,503,743 - 371,093 371,093 I,S74,S:36
1,275,523 - 631,600 (;:31 , 600 1,907, 123
2,207,61.)1) - 2,1<;4,292 2,1
4,292 4,391, !).')8
2,9:;4,244 - 2,026,9
0 2,O
(j,9
0 4, mn,224
3. mo, 5.')7 - 56,:;31 ;)1), 5:> 1 3, li67, OS

5:
2, 218 - 5,5(ì9 5,51iH 537,787
2,17.:;,472 - 17.5
4 17,534 2, 19:
, OOß
575, 2.
1 - 1,978,2:>6 1, 978, 2.
6 2, 5.'):
, 507
1, OS:J, 011 - 2, 4:19, 7
2 2, 4:3!). 782 3, .")22, 79:1
1,811,170 12V,32S 817,599 94ß,927 2,7S
,0!)7
I,SIS,530
0(),447 1,.302,Oi1 1,809,118 3,ß27,ß48
6, :>:
4, 200
()ft,459 3,824,2:m 4,133,G98 1O,ß07,898
4, 02:
, 072 310,006 1,:;29,374 1,839,380 5, 8()2, 4.')2
4,576,620
56, :;71 4,OI.)
,748 4.325,319 8,901,939
5,226,31ü 207, ;)32 4,491,777 4,G99,309 9, 9:?
, 628
4,676,194 327.29" 3.1fi5,252 3,492,550 8,168,744
4,390,S44 1,045,72:3 3,577,415 4,623,13S 9,013,9S2
4,G:?9,177 1,101,245 2,914,780 4,016,02:) 8,64:>,202
8,15:?,ß40 1 , ü70, Of>8 fi,987,100 8,657,168 16,S09,
O

3,307,069 - 1,978,489 1,978,4R9 .'),2S5,.j.')S
6,053, 7
}} - 1.069,422 1 , 61i9, 422 7,723,213
8,695,707 - 619,963 619,9(ì3 9,31.'), (j70
7,534,917 - 2,465,557 2,465,557 10,020,474
9,961,340 - 1, b44, 811 1,844,811 11, 801i, 1.11
6,670.527 - 9,928,828 9,928,828 16,549,35.5
7,029,047 - 13,IS9,9ß4 13,189,964 20,219,011
5,8S7,737 - 16,637,654 16,637,6:J4 22,325,391
9,611,761 2 1,5
9,791 1,589,793 11 , 201 , ,5.)4
5,514,
17 - 2,594,530 2,594,.336 8,109,3S3
9,226,715 - 7,196,155 7,196, 1:).5 16,422,87C
25,077,51:; - 7,601,099 7,601,099 32,(jiS,614
4,309,811 - 16,163,702 16,163,702 20,473,513
14,4fJ8,451 1,219 23,559,4'35 23,560,704 38,0.')9,155
131.4ð3,396 667 29,365,701 29,3Gß,368 160,849,76-1
33,876,227 315 103,572,117 103,572,432 137,448,659
26,986,548 86,087 196,4GO,9ßl 196,547,048 223,S33,596
11 , 290, 341 290,281 3,201,122 3,491,403 14,781,744

KOTE.-Information as to imports and e'íports of coin and bullion in the fiscal years 1919
to 1921 is not available for publication. "Gp to 1919 "Silver bullion in bars, blocks,
ingots, drops. sheets and plates, unmanufactured," was in('luded in "coin and bullion,"
but sin('e that time it is regarded as "merchandise." The figun's from 1899 of the
above table have been revl
("d in accordance "ith the new arrangement.
18427-22

340

TRADE A^'"D CO

l.LUERCE

3.- Duties collected on Exports, 1868..1892, and on Imports for Home Consumption,
J 868..1921.

Duties Duties Duties Duties
Year. collected collected Year. collc>cted collected
on on on on
Exports. Imports. Exports. Imports.
$ $ $ $
1868.............. . 17,986 8,801,446 1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,141 18,492,643
1869. . . .. . .. 14,403 8,284,507 1882. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 8,810 21,700,028
1870....... . 37,912 9,42b,028 1883............. . 9,756 23,162,553
1871. . . . .. .. . - 36,066 11,807,590 1884............. . 8,515 20,156,44

] 872. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . 24,809 13,020,684 1885............. . 12,305 19,121,254
1873. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,152 12,997,578 1886............. . 20,726 19,427,39

1874....... . . . . . . . . 14,565 14,407,318 1887. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,397 22,438,309
1875.............. . 7,243 15,354,139 "1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,772 22,187,869
1876. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,500 12,828,614 1889.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,207 23,742,317
1877.............. . 4,103 12,544,348 1890. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 93,674 23,921,234
1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,161 12,791,532 1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,803 23,416,266
1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,272 12,935,269 1892........ . . . . 108 20,550,474
1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,896 14,129,953
...

Duties Duties Duties
Year. collected Year. collected Year. collected
on on on
Imports. Imports. Imports
$ $ $ $
1893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,161. 711 1903........ 37,110,355 1913....... . 115,063,688
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,379,822 1904. . . . . . . . 40,954,349 1914....... . 107,180,578
1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,887,269 1905........ 42,024,:-340 1915....... . 79,205,910 1
1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,219,037 1906.. . . .. . . 46,671,101 1916....... . 103,940,101 1
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,891,997 1907 (9 mos.) 40,290,172 1917. . .. . . . . 147,631,455 1
1898. . . .. .. . . . . . . 22,157,788 1908....... . 58,331,074 1918 . . . . . . 161,595,629 1
1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,734,229 1909. . . . . . . . 48,059,792 1919....... . 158,046,334 1
1900. . . . . . . . . .. . . 28,889,110 1910....... . 61,024,239 1920. . . . . . . . 187,524,182 1
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,106,980 1911. . . . . . . . 73,3]2,368 1921. . . . .. . . 179,658,474 1
1902........ . . . .. 32,425,532 1912........ 87,576,037

1 Includes war tax.
NOTE.-Duties on Exports were not collected after the year 1892.

1".111.11']' PFR C..tPI1'.1 ()F J.:.\/'OHTS .1X/) IJlI'O/(TS 341

f.-U...tio or .Etltorts to Illll){)rts and' alue Iter (..'pita of "'\I)orb, Import", and 1.'ot:al
Trade" lSG
-19'!1.

I Pen'pnt-
f Exc('
s of I
xct':--s of :
p Uah'
I Import.J Export:-- of of E
port--l \-ALrE l't'H CAPITo\. 01" -
{'ntl'rt'd Ca.nadian of .
fOf Prcdu('l' Cmmdian E
tllnatt'd
\ ear. Con:--ump- O\t'f ProJuct'
t ion O\.('f Imports to Population.
, Exports of t'ntprpfl Imports E:\port8 Tota.l
( 'anadia.n for Con- ('ntt'red l'a.naùian Imp()rt
. Tra.dp.
Produce.
umption. for Con- I )roùu("p.
;:,lIlnption.
S p.c.
ct..... ('t-;
cts.
IM)
.... . 18, 5S5, 2tiO - 72.30 3,372,000 14.;;S 19.90 34.28
l
ti9. . . . . 10,754,1ti9 -
2.U7 3,413,000 1;). :
;) 1
.50 :
3.Rå
18;0.... . 7 ,
,;S , -1S4 - S9.34 3,4,')4,000 17.{)\) 19.37 36.4t:
ISil. . . 26,5
4,36-1 - 6S.43 3,JIS,OOO It). :
g 2:
. 94 40.32
18;2. . . . . :m, 124, 2S-1' - 62.7'2 3, t)ll, 000 lX'2:
2H.06 41.2!/
1'7
.... . 47,971,10-1 - m .47 3, titiS, 000 20.X7 3:J . 94 54.
1
1874 . . 46, 4:
9, S90 - 62.30 3,S25,OOO 20.0ß 32.20 52.2(;
IS;5. . . 47, 69S, 745 - ;)9.37 3,
S7,OOO 17.93 :m.21 48.14
IS7lL . . . . 20,021,670 - 7b. ,)(j 3.9-\9.000 IS.36 2:J.4
41.79
1ST; ... . 2(), 09,j, S4S - 72.28 4,01:J.000 1(j.97 2:J.45 10.42
18i8. . . 22,406,0,)1 - 75.21 4,Oi9,000 Hi. ti7 22. 16 :
8.S:

1879. . . Hi, 271, 49-l - 79.32 4,146,000 15.0ti IS.9S 34.04
1 "
O.. . . . - 2,99
,1:J5 104.29 4.215,000 )7.29 If).5S 3:
.X7
1M!. . . . . 6,543,(j2
- 9
.77 4. 3:n, OO() 19.36 20.86 40.22
1 "S2. . . . . 17 ,007 :J:?7 - 81.70 4.3X4,000 21.47 2,
.35 46.82
Ib.')3. . . .. 34, 1;)9, Oti.j - 71.97 4,433,000 19.78 27.49 47.27
1
'H... .. 26,139,kSO - 75.33 4, 4
.j, 000 Ii.80 23 . (j;i 41.4

J
S.j. , . 20,624,040 - 79 . :)3 4, .:;:m, 000 17.43 21.98 :m.41
11o.s(j. . . 18, 23:J, 4:
3 - 81.00 4,5X9,OOO 16.94 20.92 :
7 .
6
1
'{7..... 24, 146,
ml - 77.m 4,6:
8,000 1'; .-It) 22.(j6 40.12
1
\8. ... . 19,2S9,:J;)ü -
O'h4. 4,

,OOO 17 . :
6 21.47 · :
8. H3
)
'\9. . . .. 28,82,),740 - 7:J..)b 4,740,000 16.94 2
.02 ;m.fHi
) '\90. . . . . 26,424,9S7 - 76.34 4. 7
J3, 000 17.79 2:3.30 41.0H
IS9l. . . .. 22,8ti
,216 - 79.,")0 4,b44,OOO )
.31 2ð.02 41.
3
]
92. 16,127,947 - Sti . 00 4,8h9, 000 20.2ti 23.55 43.
1
1 '\93. . . . . 9, f),
2 0:12 - 91 . ;)9 4, H:
lj, 000 21.037 23.33 44 . 7()
IS94. . . 5,219,147 - 9.').21 4,9s4,OOO 20.84 21.HR 42.72
)'\95. - 2,1'>2,5,")0 102.14 5,0:H, 000 20.43 20.()() 40.43
189ti. . . . . - 4,346,G44 104 . 13 5,OSf),OOO 21.57 20.7'2 4'2.29
Ib97. . . - 17,014, 71:
115.9(j 5,142, UOO 24.04 20.73 44.77
189
. . - 18,241,500 114.44 5,199,000 27.
0 24.29 52.09
1
99. 12, Ot)1, 624 - 91.97 5,259,000 26. 12 28.41 54.5:3
1900.. . .. 3, t)79, 375 - 97.9;) 5,322,000 31.7,j 32.44 64.19
1901. . . 499,5:J3 - 9U'
ã 5,40;
,000 32.84 33.13 Ü". 97
190
. 718,041 - 99.77 5,532,000 3.') . 4:; 35.5ß 70.99
190:3 . - . 10, (;93, 1

å - 95.37 5.673,000 37.79 39.68 77.-17
1904. . . 4,5,494,9;t) - 81.4.:; 5, S2,:;, ()()() 34.0ß 41.S7 75.93
1905.. . .. 61,109,2tiS - 75.8.:' 5,992.000 31.85 42.0,j 73.9G
190G.. . . . .is, 2;)6, 3
4 - 83.13 6, lil.ooo 3S .16 45.9S S4.14
190;1..... 69,680,529 - 72.29 6, :m:? 000 28.t)5 :m.70 HX.35
1905. . .. . 105,579,ml - 70.18 6,491,000 3S.05 54..31 92 . 3(!
19()1J.. .. . 4,j, 990,612 - 84.17 6,69;),000 36.24 43.10 79.34
1910. 91,070,648 - 75.51 6,917,000 40.37 5:
.54 93.91
1m I. .... 178,408, O,=>O - 60.72 7, l.j8, 000 38.32 62.82 101.14
1912..... 2ð2,180,818 - ;)5 . ti6 7, 34:), 000 39.52 71.J.1 110 . 66
1913. . .1315,452,6034 - 53.09 7, 5:m, 000 47.24 X9.14 13ß.38
1914. . 1
7, 60,j, 559 - 69.78 7,725,000 .í.í.87 80.15 1:
6.02
1915. . . 46,537,072 - 89.89 7,928.000 51.(}4 57.51 109,15
1916. . .. . - 233,409,504 14ß.03 8,140,000 91.11 62.43 153.iJ-1
1917.. . . . - 304,924,890 136.20 8,361,000 137.71 10 1 .24 238.95
1918.. .. . - 57ß,495,21O 159.99 8,!J9:i,OOO 179.22 112.13 291 .35
1919..... - 296,732,101 132.73 8,835,000 137.68 104 . 10 241.78
1920.... . - 174,963,975 116.43 9,030,0.10 137.81 118.36 25!i.17
1921. .. .. 29.730,763 - 97.60 9.233.000 131 .09 134.31 2,>5.41

1 Xine months.

.

342

TRADE AlvD COJJfMERCE

5.-E1:ports to the United Kingdom, to the Unit('d states and to other Countries
of l\lerf'handise the produce of Canada, 1868-1921.

Fiscal Year. United U ni ted Other Totals.
Kingdom. States. Countries.
$ $ $ $
1868. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,905,808 22,387,846 5,249,523 45,543,177
1869. . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,486,389 23,640,188 5,196,727 .49,323,304
1870. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,512,991 27,398,930 6,169,271 56,081,192
1871. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,733,556 26,715,690 6,732,110 55,181,356
1872.......................... . 25,223,785 29,984,440 7,735,802 62,944,027
1873. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,402,234 33,421,725 8,421,647 73,245,606
1874.......................... . 35,769,190 30,380,556 7,777,002 73,926,748
1875. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,199,134 25,683,818 7,607,941 67,490,893
1876.......................... . 34,J79,005 27,451,150 8,031,694 69,861,849
1877. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,491,671 22,160,666 8,212,543 65,864,880
1878.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,861,110 22,131,343 7,747,681 65,740,134
1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,393,424 23,149,909 7,546,245 60,089,578
18BO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3b,208,031 26,762,705 8,125,455 70,096,191
1881. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,637,219 31,015,109 7,269,051 80,921,379
1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,816,8i3 41,687,638 8,538,260 90,042,711
1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,538,067 36,096,501 8,651,139 84,285,707
1884.......................... . 37,410,870 31,631,622 8,089,587 77,132,079
1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,479,051 32,618,593 7,085,874 76,183,518
1886. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,694,263 31,503,292 6,777,951 74,975,506
1887 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,714,331 32,273,033 6,976,656 77,964,020
1888. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,648,284 37,323,161 7,326,305 78,297,750
1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,504,281 36,449,288 7,248,235 77,201,804
1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,499,149 33,291,207 7,545,158 82,335,514
1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,243,784 34,829,436 7,684,524 85,757,744
1892. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,949,055 31,317,857 9,417,341 95,684,253
1893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,409,606 33,813,802 9,783,082 102,006,490
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,878,056 29,297,598 10,411,199 100,586,853
1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57,903,564 32,303,773 9,321,014 99,528,351
1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,717,941 34,460,428 9,200,383 106,378,752
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,533,852 39,717,057 10,434,501 119,685,410
1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93,065,019 34,361,795 12,494,118 139,920,932
1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,113,681 34,766,955 12,920,626 132,801,262
1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,562,875 52,534,977 14,412,938 163,510,790
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92,857,525 67,983,673 16,590,188 177,431,386
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109,347,345 66,567,784 20,104,634 196,019,763
1903.......................... . 125,199,980 67,766,367 21,435,327 214,401,674
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110,120,892 66,856,885 21,436,662 198,414,439
1905.......................... . 97,114,867 70,426,765 23,313,314 190,854,946
1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,456,465 83,546,306 24,481,185 2J5,483,956
1907 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98,691,186 62,180,439 19,673,681 180,545,306
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . 126,194,124 90,814,871 29,951,973 246,960,968
1909.......................... . 126,384,724 85,334,806 30,884,054 242,603,584
1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,482,945 104,199,675 35,564,931 279,247,551
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . 132,156,924 104,115,823 38,043,806 274,316,553
1912.. .. .. .. .... ............... 147,240,413 102,041,222 40,942,222 290,223,857
1913.......................... . 170,161,903 139,725,953 45,866,744 355,754,600
1914.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 215,253,969 163,;)72,825 52,961,643 431,588,439
1915. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186,668,554 173,320,216 49,430,066 409,418,836
1916.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 451,852,399 201, 106, 488 88,651,751 741,610,638
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742,147,537 280,616,330 128,611,901 1,151,375,768
1918.......................... . 845,480,069 417,233,287 277,314,432 1,540,027,788
1919.......................... . 540,750,977 454,873,170 220,819,659 1,216,443,806
1920.......................... . 489,152,637 464,028,183 286,311,278 1,239,492,098
1921. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312,842,921 542,304,456 334,016,324 1,189,163,701

Nine months.

[][PORTS OF C iN_tD.l

343

6.-lnll)Orts from tlU' rnltNI Kin
dom. from f he {'"nUNI Stah's and from other
Countries of 1\It'rt'handisc l'nh'rt'(( for lIollle t...'oll"iUml)tloll
lS6
-19
1.

Fiscal Year.

18ßR. . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lSli
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1871. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1872. . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1873. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IS74:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1875. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
187ß. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1877. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1878. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1879. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1880. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lðSl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1882. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1884. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18S.;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1886. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1837 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18ðS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1889. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1891. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1892. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 R93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
189.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1896. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1897. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1898. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1899. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1900. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . ... . . . .. . . .
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1903.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1904.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
190.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1900.. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. ....
190,1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
t.. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. _.
1910.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1914 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1915. .........................
1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1919.......................... .
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1921 ..........................

1 Nine montbs.

United
I-Gngdom.

S
37,G17,32:;
3.;, 4911, 7H4
37,537,09.3
48,498,202
62,209,2.34
67,9
6,945
61,424,407
60,009, OM
40,479,253
39,331,ß21
37,2.32,7li9
30,{}ü7,7ï8
33,7ü4,439
42,88:;,142
:"0,3.36,268
51,679,762
41,925,121
40,O:a,41S
39,ma,000
44,741,3.36
39,167,644
42, 2!>1, 1
!t
43,277.009

42.018,943
41,063,711
42,529,340
37,03:>,963
31,0,')9,332
32,824:,50.3
29,401, lR.

32,04
,461
36,9611, .152
44,2\\0,041
42,820,334
49 O'N 7')()
58:793:0
ö
61, 724, joo,9:

60,342,704
69,183,915
64,415,7.3ü
94,417,320
70,t>82,600
95,337,058
109,9J4,753
116,906,3üO
138,742,644
132,070,406
90,157,204
77,404,361
107,096,735
81,324,283
73,035,118
126,362,631
213.944.814

lJ m ted
States.

S
22,ht)O, 132
21,497,380
21,697,237

27,1
,j,5S6
33,741,ü9;>
45, l
fI, 110
51,706, HOtl
4
,ü30,3.3s
44,099,8"0

9,37t>,OOS
48,002,875
42,170,;mü
28,l93,7S3
36,33S,701
47,052,9:35
.35,147,243
49,78.3, SSS
45,576,510
42,818,1)51
44,795,908
46,440,296
50,029,419
51,36.3,G61
52,033,477
jl, 742,132
52,339,796
50,746,091
50,179,004
53,;>29,390
57,023,342
74,824,923
&
,,j06,881
102,224,917
107,377,906
115,001, 53

129,071,197
143,329,697
152,778,576
169, 2.jû, 432
149,OS5,577
20.5, 309, 803
170,432,300
218,004,556
275,824,265
331,384,6.37
436,887,315
396,302.138
297,142,059
370,880,549
665,312,759
792,894,957
750,203,024
801,097,318
856,613,430

Otht'l"
Countrif's.

S
6,812,702
6,1ô0,797
7.667,742

8,530,000
9,001,118
1l,32:l,074
10,0-19,574
8,469,126
7,933,974
5,418,7Iì.')
5,HO,207
5,564,43.3
7,942,320
1l,264,4SG
13,73.3,981
15,034,491
14,261,9ü9
14,147,817
14, 140,4S6
15,569,946
15,063,6"8
16,817,5
d
17,039,903
17, 4 S 1 , .3:14
22,354,570
20,301,69-1
21,2SS,857
19, 4:J7, 55.')
19,007,266
20,193,297
19.438,778
23,948,9S3
26,1-16,718

27,732,679
32,713,5-15
37,230.574
38,8;>4,825
38,8-12,934
4.
, 299, 913
36,724,502
.32,813,756
47,479,236
56,976,585

ß6,9G5,585
74,113,6,")8
9.5,577,275
90,821,454
t>8,6.;6, 645
59,916,224
74,041,384
89,313,338
96,473,563
137,068,174
169,600,638

Totals.

S
67,090,159
{)3,154,941
G6,902,074
84, 214, 388
104,9,>,:;,367
124,;.Ofl,129
123,180,887
117,408,568
U2,!>13,107
94,126,394
90,:m.>,851
78,ïO
,519
69,900,542
90,4
8,329
111,145,184
121,
61,496
1O;:},972,978
99,75!>,775
H3,ü92, 137
105,107,210
100,671, ß28
109, mt.'j, 19n
111,682,573
111,533,9'>4
115,160,413
115,170, R:3Q
109,070,911
100,675,891
105,361,161
106,617,827
126,307,162
149,422,416
172,651,676
177,930,919
196,í37,R04
225,094,809
243,909,415
2.51,964,214
2S3,740,280
2;>0,22.5,835
352,540,879
288, .59-1, 19t>
370,318,199
452,724,603
522,404,675
671,207,234
f)I9, 193,998
4.55, 955, 908
50S,201,134
846,4.jO, 878
963,532,578
919,711,705
1,064,528,123
1,240,1;>8,882

344

TRADE AND COMMERCE

i.-Values of E\:ports from Canada to the rnited Kingdom, to the United States,
to Other Countries and to All Countries, by Classes of 1lerchandise, in fivt'
year averages and for the fiscal )'ears 1911-1923.
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.

All
Fi ve year All All Countrips,
averages United 1; ni ted Other Countrips, Countrips, Domestic
and Fiscal Kingdom. States. Countries. Domestic. Foreign. and
Years. Foreign:
$ $ $ $ $ $
1868-70 (3 yrs) 4,351,631 7,882,788 67;),706 12,910,125 1 12.910,125
1871-75..... .. 6,671,196 7,447,890 896,245 15,015,331 1 15,015,331
1876-80.... . . . 9,384,915 8,687,568 1,079,634 19,152,117 7,073,387 26,225,504
1881-85....... 7,940,534 11,341,045 1,126,160 20,407,739 6,327,318 26,735,057"
1886-90.... . . . 5,7;)9,239 8,734,096 954,168 15,447,503 4,647,322 20,094,825
1891-95....... 11,732,535 4,498,334 2,014,413 18,245,282 6,147,039 24,392,321
1896-00. . . . - . . 18,185,661 1,995,339 2,9
8,763 2:1,119,76ð 9,533,823 32,653,5
6
1901-05. .. . . 25,133,710 3,648,626 5,955,968 34,738,304 8,750,732 43,489,036
1906-10. . . . . . 51,527,333 4,690,418 7,466,218 63,683,969 9,113,570 72,797,539
1911....... . 61,393,720 10,385,705 10,821,859 82,601,284 7,457,829 90,059,113
1912......... . 81,784,731 11,685,611 13,673,033 107,143,375 8,311,111 115,454,486
1913..... . . . 106,537,156 27,215,879 16,392,626 150,145,061 8,810,034 1.58,955,695
1914.... . . . . . . 146,230,104 32,506,548 19,483,377 198,220,029 8,595,689 206,81.
, 718
1915.... . . . . . . 95,834,460 19,405,521 19,506,069 134,746,050 35,604,014 170,350,064
1916.... ...... 196,077,876 18,620,236 34,963,082 249,661,194 17,213,996 266,875,190
1917. . . . . .. . . . 266,210,322 45,138,630 62,OG4,749 373,413,701 7,451,069 380,864,770
1918......... . 403,4b6,560 101,877,411 62,379,613 567,713,584 10,036,766 577,750,350
1919......... . 167,688,507 33,816,958 69,604,745 271,110,210 21,447,173 292,557,383
1920......... . 220,948,392 52,287,885 92,156,537

65,392.814 3,404,407 368,797,221

.o\NIMALS AND THEIR PRODUCE.
1868-70 (3 yrs. 3,470,524 5,377,809 418,579 9,266,912 9,260,912
1871-75...... . 6,755,882 6,128,055 503,696 13,387,633 13,387,633
1876-80....... 9,237,142 4,908,570 566,933 14,712,645 852,296 15,564,941
1881-85.... . . . 15,177,091 6,372,773 526,642 22,076,506 1,102,096 23,178,602
1886-90. . . . . . . 16,501,400 6,946,676 558,598 24,006,674 1,012,335 25,019,009
1891-95.... . . . 26,223,970 3,645,801 643,996 30,513,767 1,244,390 31,758,157
1896-D0.... . . . 39,469,5
6 4,514,262 605,462 44,589,260 1,256,795 45,846,055
1901-05.... . . . 55,778,082 5,182,806 1,363,839 62,324,727 662,755 62,987,482
1906-10. . . . . . . 47,453,100 7,803,531 1,194,.145 56,4.1)1,176 724,207 57,175,383
1911......... . 40.636,575 10,063,544 1,544,055 52,244,174 809,663 ;")3,053,837
1912. . . . . . . . . . 36,923,024 9,864,524 1,423,106 48,210,654 1,010,243 49,220,897
1913......... . 30,335,784 12,866,948 1,581,861 44,784,593 988,634 45,773,227
1914.... . . . . . . 26,735,114 24,728,798 1,885,207 53,349,119 1,262,9.13 54,612,072
1915. . . . . . . . . . 38,222,698 34,186,056 1,981,989 74,390,743 2,565,259 76,956,002
1916......... . 67,821,789 29,051,195 6,009,292 102,882,276 2,936,914 105,819,190
1917. . . . . . . . . . 93,299,158 28,575,395 5,920,915 127,795,468 7,517,342 135,312,810
1918... . . . . . . . 112,196,873 48.078,407 12,467,801 172,743,081 7,12.5,087 179,868,168
1919......... . 116,845,176 69,431,565 12,321,696 198,598,437 8,687,055 207,285,492
1920......... . 119.825,64.5 112,837,557 26,334,808 258,998,010 7,039,479 266,037,489
FISHERIES PRODUCE.
1868-70 (3 yrs) 261,397 985,197 2,156,329 3,402,923 3,402,923
1871-75...... . 513,070 1,269,409 2,984,053 4,766,532 4,766,532
1876-80. . . . . . . 1,037,612 1,759,661 3,550,297 6,347,570 58,529 6,406,099
1881-95. . . . . . . 1,838,937 3,005,591 3,137,;)85 7,982,113 25,701 8,007 ,814
1886-
0. . . . . . . 1,758,642 2,823,884 2,854,773 7,437,299 77,112 7,514,411
1891-95.... . . . :1,366,495 3,409,915 3,209,347 9,9S5,757 224,550 10,210,307
1896-00. . . . . . . 4,266,576 . 3,229,683 3,166,240 10,662,499 118,087 10,780,586
1901-05. . . . . . . 3,800,480 4,197,481 3,709,474 11,707,435 25,127 11,732,562
190b-l0. . . . . . . 4,153,822 4,437,372 5,256,441 13,847,635 44,614 13,892,249
1911......... . 4,435,891 4.980,741 6,258,912 15,675,544 114,315 15,789,859
1912......... . 5,132,047 5,378,664 6,193,967 16,704,678 110,514 16,815,192
1913......... . 3,946,471 5,747,688 6,642,562 16,336,721 106,101 16,442,822
1914......... . 7,008,888 6,852,009 6,762,663 20,623,560 111,289 20,734,849
1915......... . 5,448,902 8,521,901 5,716,265 19,687,068 131,669 19,818,737
1916.... . . . . . . 6,731,794 8,867,139 6,779,044 22,377,977 213,307 22,591,284
1917......... . 7,316,744 10,717,048 6,85.5,461 24,889,253 429,502 25,
18,755
1918.......... 6,746,036 16,122,442 9,733,673 32,602,151 619,024 33,221,175
1919.......... 8,634.284 18,525,817 9,976,971 37,137,072 732,322 37,869,394
1920. . . .. . .. . . 9,890,805 18,615,398 13,778,832 42,285,03.1j 261,944 42,546,979
Not separately stated prior to 1876.

FX/,()/(TS OP (' LY
t /)
t

3
5

..-\ahus of t:\IJOrts from {anada to thr ('nU;'d h.in
dom. to tht" ('nUt'd
taft,
.
to Otht'r ('ollntrhs and to .\11 ('ountrit's. b) (la

cs of Jh'rt'handise. in the-)ear
uu.'r.tgt'l'\ and for t h(' tls('al ) ('ars 19tt-19:!O --('on.
Fon 'T PRODIl'E.

Fi, ('-,"rar
:1\ praJ!:f'"s nnd
Fis('al ì ear::,.

18 å,'{..ïO (3
rs)
hïl-ï.') .
lS'jt}--.,"U,
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1912
HH:

1914
IV15
19W.
I!Hï.
HH
.
19HL.....
1920......... .

1

"-

(3 yrs)
1
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lxïlì -t'O.
Is.
I- ....5.
IsSIt-
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ISHl-!'5. .
lxt1r.--{}O, _
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1911
191
.
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1914
1915.
1916. _.
191ï.
1915.
19tH.
In
O.... ,

Cnited
Kin::dom.

S
10,31),\, "00
13 .kï2 AUï
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1.3:?O,117
1,51l.e'S.)

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4.6."3.:3ßï
6.fili2,5.')0
6,S75,.')22
6,973.X20
6.
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l.770.:!:!....
2,S::?!I,li"'

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1.nl.722
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2,714.811
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6 l.fi33

'II'ER\L PRonrC'E.

1
6
-70 (3 YH
) 666.3:
5 1.0r4.320 1
2,730
ISil- 75. . 5
2,S
9 3,366.,l
S 226,3Lí
IS76-S0.. -lO!),72i 2.6:)7,275 1
3,4!H
1881- F5.. 375,996 2.500,124 2.11,6fi3
1,.,
n-
O. . 51').797 3,4,1l.
09 2.16,9fS
lð91-f5.. -l
5,Of4 5,113,029
6:?
2.1
1896-00. 218,096 13,6:

,433 497,51X
1901-(15.. 7
2.159 32,367.ßO!t 1,238.C69
19C6-IO.. 2,Hì4,2r
31.3S1,05ß 2,061,333
1911. 6.7:::6.015 33,129.5C5 2.P32,r41
1312. . 5.5':>,1.599 33,2.1
..').",0 2,.509,33i
1913... 12,06ß;622 42,541,7.11 2,S34,17

1914... 16.027,12S 39.4!H,127 3,520.7
9
1915... 12.219,937 37,.158,209 l.962,b43
1916... 12.42.1.24S 51.425,708 2,738.9(15
19n. }.1.5-15.22ï 66.974.7fi" 3.096,912
1918... . 13.fJ64,lP5 54,072.417 5.723,S90
1919. W,149.7S8 54.1P5,44'!} 7,169,275
1920.... . _ . S.427.070 40.072,
65 13.S16.
fi1
1 Xot s('parately stated prior to 18i6.

All
(, 'ountrie
,
DCllwstiC'.

$
20.2

,2h:t
25,b:?fi,041
IS,5!l4.204
24.224,5:n
22 .4()
,1-ìfi:

24 ,(i:
4 ,056
2" ,,j:?I),2
0
32.tHi"..')....1
1O,731,0:n
,j,4:m,O.,);
40 ,k!t2, li7 4
43,2,'},j,OIj41
4:!.i!t2.137
42.ü.)().ü....:

51,271.400
,'},j.9h7,2U9
,'} I.S!H
,704
70..151,!JOI
lI',j.325.:H5

2,3.;7,7S0
2,H41) "-64
3,8('.4 .
55
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Il.O!I!
,
4

Ht.2:n, 10.1
:!(),521 ,ü

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:3,11

5.S36.

4
4:3,6.12,70,....
57.443,4.12

.).,'}:m,501
242,034,
;!)

-17i,399,67()
63fi.6C2,516
.')55 ,42!) .130
4(,3,132.Wl

1,8f13.3
.1
4,175.i62
3,230.4.

3,127.7

4.22
,5 4
5,UGO,
4

14,354,047
34,

7,P;)7
35,63fì.6):)7
42,7Hï.54H
41,324,5lfì
57,442,54G
.:,)!J,039,p54
51,740,9
9
fifi..1
9 ,861
F5,616.907
73,7HO , 5e::?
77,514.50k
62.316,304

All
CountlÎt':-I,
Fon.i
n.

1
1
551,H17
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7
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2,4i
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3,702,h21
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H,
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31.9S9.775

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1,928,373
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21.709,977
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3.2'8,6-1.1
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73,919,398
8.1,8
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75.6S8,S75
80.707,211
ß2,S21,f163

346

TRADE AND COMMERCE

7.-Values of Exports from ('anada to the rnited Kingdom, to the United States,
to Other Countries, and to All Countries, by Classes of i\lcrchandisc, in five-
year averages and for the fiscal years 1911-1920-concluded.

MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCE.

All
Five-year United United Other All All Countries,
averages and Kingdom. States. Countries. Countries, Countries, Domestic
Fiscal Years. Domestic. Foreign. and
Foreign.
$ $ $ $ $ $
1868-70 (3 yrs) 15,569 301,398 24,530 341,497 1 341,497
1871-75....... 48,238 362,699 28,625 439,562 1 439,562
1876-80. . . . . . . 32,802 389,236 6,604 428,642 100,516 529,158
1881-85.... . . . 32,460 519,732 8,823 561,015 110,023 671,038
1886-90. . . . . . . 47,141 525,417 5,123 577,681 131,762 709,443
1891-95.... . . . 16,454 56,913 995 74,362 275,261 349,623
1896-00. . . . . . . 31,243 68,635 8,410 108,288 392,320 500,608
1901-05....... 23,823 33,102 9,526 66,451 772,457 838,908
1906-10....... 37,035 39,723 19,378 96,136 1,100,976 1,197,112
1911.......... 25,772 246,896 13,147 285,815 1,703,021 1,988,836

Ï912 ... . . .. . . . 41,462 56,560 13,654 111,676 989,446 1,101,122
1913.... . . . . . . 13,655 80,349 3,307 97,311 2,011,565 2,108,876
1914... . ... -...... 22,072 98,033 983 121,088 2,931,266 3,052,354
1915....,.... . 179,650 453,173 30,979 663,802 3,382,061 4,045,863
1916..... . q . . 6,171,139 320,347 301 ,446 6,792,932 1,551,569 8,344,501
1917. . .. .. .. . . 5,902,048 317,392 134)14 6,353,554 1,816,724 8,170,278
1918......... . 3,878,201 523,082 304,967 4,706,250 2,134,195 6,840,445
1919......... . 3,974,395 372,876 1,755,277 6,102,548 2,148,380 8,250,928
1920. . .. . . . . . . 621,629 802,640 618,130 2,042,399 3,743,942 5,786,341

TOTAL EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE.

1868-70 (3 yrs) 20,301,729 24,475,655 5,538,507 50,315,891 4,860,081 55,175,97
1871-75.... . . . 29,665,580 29,237,246 7,65-1,900 66,557,726 9,961,750 76,519,47
1876-80....... 34,066,648 24,331,155 7,932,723 66,330,526 9,421,319 75,751,84
1881-85....... 39,176,404 34,609,893 7,926,782 81,713,079 9,644,819 91,357,89
188f)-
O. .. . . . 36,812,062 34,167,996 7,174,861 78,154,919 8,156,208 86,311,12
1891-95.... _.. 55,076,813 32,312,493 9,323,432 96,712,738 9,836,225 106,548,96
1896-00. . . . . . . 81,398,674 39,168,242 11,892,513 132,459,429 12,839,625 145,299,05
1901-05.. . 106,928,122 67,920,295 20,576,025 195,424,4-12 13,023,060 208,447,50
1906-10...... . 123,641,889 85,230,591 28,095,793 236,968,273 15,191,796 252.160,06
1911. . . . . . . _ . . 132,156,924 104,115,823 38,043,806 274,316,553 15,683,657 290,000,21
1912. . . . . . . . . . 147,240,413 102,041,222 40,942,222 290,223,857 17,492,294 307,716,151
1913.. . . . . . . . . 170,161,903 139,725,953 45,866,744 355,754,600 21,313,7S5 377,068,35
1914......... . 215,253,969 163,372,825 52,961,645 431,588,439 23,848,785 455,437,22
1915.... . . . . . . 186,668,554 173,320,486 49,429,796 409,418,836 52,023,673 461,442,50
1916.... ...... 451,852,399 201,106,488 88,651,751 741,610,638 37,689,432 779,300,07
1917......... . 742,147,537 280,616,470 128,611,761 1,151,375,768 27,835,332 1,179,211,10
1918......... . 845,480,069 417,233,287 277,314,432 1 ,5{0, 027,788 46,142,004 1,586,169,79
1919... . . . . . . . 540,750,977 454,873,170 220,819,659 1,216,443,806 52,321,479 1,268,765,28
1920......... . 489,152,637 464,028,183 286,311,278 1,239,492,098 47,166,611 1,286,658,70

2
6
5
8
7
3
4
2
9
o

5
4
9
o
o
2
5
9

1 Not separat('ly stated prior to 1876.
NOTE.-The statistics of this table are exclusive of coin and bullion, and of exports to
the United States estimated "short" for the years 1868-1900.

EXPOUTS .AND IJ[POUTS BY CL
tSSES OF llEU('Ill' DIRE

347

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350

TRADE AND GOPt/MERGE

10.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, United states and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of bome produce in the four fiscal years 1918-1921.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

I. Yegefabl(' Produds.
(Except Chemicals, Fibres and Wood)
Beverages, Distilled and Fermented-
Brewed-
Ale, beer and porter. . . . . .. .........

gal.
$

2
3
4

Distilled-
Gin. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' gal.
$
Whiskey. . . . . . . . , . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., gal.
$
All other spirits, n.o.p. ....... . .. gal.
$
Fermented-
Cider........ ......... ............... gal.
$
Wines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. gal.
$
Total beverages, distilled and fer- gal.
mented. $

5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12

Frui ts, fresh-
Apples, green or ripe. . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., brl.
$
Berries, all kinds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., $
All other f'resh fruits, .1.O.p .............. S
Dried and preserved-
Apples dried..... .............. .., lb.
$
Canned or preserved fruits.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Fruits, dried, n.o.p.... ..... ... . ...... .., lb.
$
Total fruits. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Grains, flours and kindred products-
Grains-
Barley......

.................... bush.
. $
.. .... .... bush.
$
bush.
$
Corn, Indian...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush.
$
. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., bush.
$
bush.
$
..... bush
$
lb.
$
Rye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " bush.
$
...... bush.
$
........... S

Beans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Buckwheat. .. . . . .

Oats........

Peas, split........ .. .............

Peas, whole. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Rice.............. .... ...... .........

Wheat........

Total grains. . . . . . . . .

23
24
25
26
27

Flour and milled products-
Bran, shorts and middlings. . . .. . .. cwt.
$
Cornmeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. br 1.
S
Mal t. . . . .. ...................... bush.
$
Oatmeal and rolled oats...... ........... cwt.
$
Rice meal and rice flour........ ........ lb.
S

United
Kingdom.

2,806
10,517

96
125
2,902
10,642

34,589
136, 715

62
45,900
4,508
255,079

366,364

5,753,243
6,821,540
60
270

93,200
186,400
32,157,164
22,218,299

27,625
133,911
606,320
38,578
353,930
683,120
123,384,759
303,776,038
333,858,158

35,330
3,587
27,996

296,621
1,229,607
661,470
21, 553

1918.

United . All United
States. Countries. Kingdom.

761
671
2,822
8,199
317,861
1,057,976
118, 235
288,213
32
67
405
1,718
440,116
1,356,8.U

15,807
49,424
84,122
34,761
15,050
1,585
70,721

2,10,613

1,093,530
1,380,922
13,522
101,092
162,124
216,488
5,331
7,982
7,041,104
4,513,946
26,868
133,995
56,256
256,046
2,277,180
110,629
523,220
9
,443
23,537,501
53,561,585
81,261,128

5,194,829
62
443
1,000
944
27,661
105,447
2,473,040
78,813

187,842
112,543
2,843
8,284
588,236
1,695,001
122,261
298,688
2,800
1,163
3,768
5,373
901,750
2,121,052

103,626
408,029
84, 654
39,810
61,698
6,200
426,323
2,283
292
965,308

6,846,790
8,202,524
14, 103
105,570
162,124
216,488
101,535
200,351
54,877,882
37,644,293
29, 611
153,296
107,502
480,054
5,670,896
320,623
878,222
1 , 669, 128
150,392,03ï
366,341,56.5
415,333,89

5,394,130
4,618
36,603
176,150
326,98

551,412
2,220,666
3,374,510
109,401

2,857
12,000
25,910
52,925
3,800
1,215
125
188
3
,692
66,328

345,567
1,806,561
10
732,935
105,149
833,651
15,830
2,388
2, '147,759

2,260,395
3,394,384
100
617

8,497,888
7,360,011
It 980
4,200
60,813
372,696

600
I 75
17,999
34,929
37,317,648
86,776,303
97,9,13,215

32,854
2,274
17,777

443,111
2,368,347

rXPORTS OF' C"LY tD.&1

10.-F.tpor(, OfC.Ul,ula to (Jnlted hlm,llom. Ul1ltt
11
htl's 311(1 \11 Countrlt... in qllanUUt''I and
falues by cmscs of home produce In the (our !beat years 191
-1921.-con.

1919 1920. 1921.
United An 1: ni t('d Pnited AIl rnited P ni ted .\11
States. Countries. Kingdom. States. Countries. J{ingdom. States. Countrif'S.
:18,6ði 253,333 146 2,475 209,113 102 51 793,172
J-l,002 Ib6,1j20 199 79S 145,077 8b 125 912,004
- 2,{)\O - - 2,422 - 265 972
- ;,641 - - 7,&2 - 1,392 3,459
5, f\!19 40S, .j
7 272,439 1,286 46.1,949 134,711 1,616 370, iHM
20,9
,j 1, 17
,&h 750.078 5,3;4 1,504,132 374,662 17,025 1 , b97 , 15ð
1 \10, 20.i 2211, !K>l ';:"\; , US-I 334, ðJ2 1,374,2
2 J4 , 84:
220,464 529,124
507, 18; 577,7:!6 2, IOJ, 945 6t>4,0:!1 2,004,9.)9 19,267 374,56.5 587,277
205 6,318 10,4:"\2 24,672 40,256 - 61, iS7 72,544
107 2,0\0 3,720 &6,906 43,334 - 46,175 52,565
74 3,
0 420 . 6,914 3S6 4 2,441
104 8,OGb 738 18,O
'i 812 51 6,774
!3., . 00:1 !WI, !J!I 1,0;1,-:1;11 ,
6:1,.! ,. , 119fi , .
G 1,')0. 0 ..
'
"I"';1 1,769,171
..63,
.- 1,960, "?3
,
iS,
OI 707,099- 4,6
,%;1 3S1,
"!ì' 4:19,3.13 a, 2GO, 197
:!J,686 405,O,)h 500,400 236,000 8i3,M2 1,272,5.13 48,107 1,358,499
101,014 2,041,07ti 3,140,269 b,;I;, 760 4,24.!,21!1 7,902,013 171,226 8, 2
J, 0!19
70,314 70,830 - 228,342 229,65b - 376,661 377,2,\0
;m, i:!O 41,805 4,40;; 134, ISo 142,719 5,141 55ó, 934 570,252
2!1!),2:!5 1,20:',393 1,100,500 1,273,939 3,
i7,306 1, 112,b.
125,7:>6 2, Ot,t" 999
42,267 16b,591 7IJ, W7 167,445 514,727 188,7;4 15,245 315,372
152,118 l,b05,431 1,870, US 1 168, 105 3,174,2J9 514,239 74,.ili,j 751,520
1,4f l 5 71,664 60 - 2,760 - 24, liS 31,629
155 7,260 21 - 6M - 5,810 7,405
40.,.5&S , I:I
,
IG 5, 0. I, tì t:J t ,).1 "':
... 8 :101. ')15 8,110,11. 1, ,UI 10,320,878
165,3&0 3,505,497 12,61W,8f:6 1,050,031 14,3fl.;,031 7,940,979 304,878 8,563,553
2"3,453 5,2
9,7
0 18, 138,3'H 1,153,933 20 , 2Oti, 972 10,561,195 472,033 11 ,41i9, O.
O
57,637 5", ().tfl 1,074 101,4'\,) 105,959 2U 12,2";2 U,376
222,497 225, Ibti 4,
347,069 36 i , 9.'i,'i 120 .'')3 , 7\14 t}4 , 800
3!11 , 9ô2 394, !Iù
- 1

,794 I
S, 7'14 19,9;6 247,

271, 8.J

632,0S5 6.12 , U
5 - 2-19,337 2-1!I,3:H 22,0.24 315,815 342,549
7,333 9,2tì6 131 :\4,170 37,101 2 8,616 17,560
!I,546 14,26v 2.;'"1 62,049 6
,176 10 16,692 34,615
i67,
9 17,
79,7
3, 610, i\l2 3,751,111 10,76'),872 7,096,41!1 4. 7(j,'i, 202 14,321,01"
647,408 15,193,527 3,300,477 3,059,427 9,349,455 6,623,635 4,694,519 14, J.')2, 033
U,335 2',M.
2,193 22,3i7 5! I, :\X!I 613 2,402 56,263
47,695 130,157 8,160 i6,494 222,707 2,415 9,395 241 , 0tI2
14.'i,243 249,233 60,730 135,0;'1 :!:!
,!H6 31,7;.'i 47,696 113,262
62S,543 1,202,83i 21O,6ïh 540, -ISI 920,4-40 181,7
6 263,812 606, :H:!
l).; , 338 1 ,0flS, 210 - 4,237, .-)-12 5,954, 2
1 166,60U 278,200 2,3.'i7,3S4
6,530 87,SOO - 4f16,416 6GS,07i II , 895 22, ,'i23 223,732
3S7,070 46:
, 380 947,4'10 1,018,327 2,113,302 1,108, Îö9 717,086 3,201,430
b2S,289 962,i42 1, 644, 13
1,560,499 3,475,834 2,331,294 1,344,976 6,231,170
1 , 9!12 , 40!} 41,:SOð,897 51,426,131 6,661,5'
77,978,037 29,294,612 42,324,894 129,21.'i,157
4,2U3,920 96,9&j,056 122,10'),193 14,000,932 I
.j. 044, ðU6 73,-189,79G 91,442,298 310,952,138
ì,509,9tiV I'!O, 7"!:J, -tI,i H,), 4 H, 9.j'
1,ã16,G.j7 .
O,.)73, 7.iS '3,221,170 . ,63j,S51 .Ui,:U1,,)!)
- - 540 1,229,398 1,314,911 4,670 719,948 819,781
1,461,021 1,592,212 1,170 2,779,255 2,983,843 6,170 1,236, :-\.')1 1,481,O!J7
.) --. 7,S:?
42,773 :?49 54,941 242 840 24,588
_, I. õ)
22,340 65,2M 372,364 1,617 454,528 2,000 7,722 1
7 ,003
6,664 721,346 - - 613,540 39,747 - 629,620
16,900 1,687,214 - - 1,320,773 39,747 - 1,350,201
23,3
1 761,520 694,112 5,517 805,203 357,241 3,544 397,266
125,747 4,032,567 3,717,224 22,495 4,2S3,772 2,096,098 19,709 2,343,965
1. 030,240 1,279,145 695,200 51,660 746,860 1,063,730 60,250 1,:HO,06

7, 764 86,.'j:3
42, 134 2,415 44,549 68,328 1,219 S4,29

351

No.

1

2
3
4

ó
.

7
8
t
to
11
12

t:J
11

t..

16
11
18

l'

o

21
22

23
2.

25

2j
27

,

<)-.)
<JV_

TRADE AND COlvIkIFRCE

to.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, Uniied states and All Coun tries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce in the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

No

Principal articles by classes.

1
2
3
4:

I. Vegetable Products-con.
Flour and milled products-concluded.
Rye flour. . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. brl.
$
cwt.
$
brl.
$
brl.
S

Screenings. . . . . .

Wheat flour... ..
All other meal...... .. . . . - - .

Total flour and milled products... $
Bakery Products and prepared food-
5 Biscuits and bread. ..... .. cwt.
$
6 Cereal foods, prepared, all kinds - . . . $
1 Macaroni, spaghetti and vermicalli...... lb.
5
8 Cornstarch. lb.
$
9 Potato starch.......... . . . lb.
$

Total grains, flours and kindred
products. $

to
11

Oils, vegetable, and by-products-
Oil cake. . . . . . .. - . . . . . . . . .. cwt.
$
Oils, vegetable, n.o.p. .. ., .......... . _' ., gal.
$
Total oUs, vegetable, and by-product
$
Rubber and its proùucts-
Raw and partly.manufactured--':"
Waste. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . ., cwt.
S
Belting.... ... ... ........... lb.
$
Boots and shoes. . - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Clothing, including waterproofed. . . . . ., $
Hose. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Tires. .., _ . . ., ............. . . .. $
All other mfs. of India rubber, n.o.p.... S
Total rubber and Its products. ., . . S

t2
13
14
I;')
16
11
18

19
20
21
22

Seeds for sowing-
Clover _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., bush.
$
Flax. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. bush.
S
Grass. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. bush.
$
All other seeds, n.o.p........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Total seeds for sowing. . .. . . . . . . . . . . S

23
2t

:';ugar, molasses, syrups and confectionery-
Confectionery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
'faple sugar.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .. It
Maple syrup. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., gal.
S
1.Iolas.<;es.... .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., J!:al.
S
Sugar house syrup. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., gal.
$

25

26
21

United
Kingdom.

'6,604,131
62,87.3,839

1918.

United
States.

All United
Countries. Kingdom.

2,MH
28,466

518,632
5,602,387
412
4,68b

2,484
28,510

9,931,148
95,896,492
425
4,801

236
2,393

5,254,254
56,365,188

6t,190,32.) 11,016,017 10-1,017,591 58,786,,),)9

41,331
442.941
915,709

399,401,131

96,407
203,328

203, :J2

tl,093,853
6,469
22,781
195,513
14,135

1,332,751

26,994
311,868

3,233
13,007
741
32;'),616

282,707
91,857
15,520
2,772
4,062

1,266
11,948
373,715

47,974
539,440
1,496,381

33,729
440,388
3,678,132

I
72,668,808 521,387,301 160,818,291

26,967
59,955

;9,9,')5

35,529
262,700

3,485
17,297
235
40,352
165,869
6,613

496,ã51

63,861
769,111

82,825
155,812
35,726

9Gu,6J9

5,109
3,377,246
491 ,849
2,969
4,455

125,969
268,718

2\iS,71H

35,529
262,700

25,736
1,504,389
6,833
159,288
859,712
92,847

2,911,50';

99,523
1,193,814

86,837
171,641
38,390

1,403,845

562,321
3,551,789
525,736
10, 907
16,118

8,028
22,764
6 596
7:696
30,4tiO

205,429
1,720
6,550
154,439
10,688
31R,826

64,983
966,660

1,292
7,148
303
974,111

922,743
169,270
48,569
3,785
6,072

EXPORTS or C.LY
U).t

3!):J

Ie. - "I)Orts of ('anacla to '- nUt'd hhu
d()m, ,"nlt..cI
.3h's and \11 ('oun.rlt
In qllantl...,
and
ulllt's h) rla
st's of 1101111' I)rod IICt' In t III' four fis('al ) f'ars 1915-192t.--eon.

HH9.
Cnited \11 roited
States. Countries. Kingdom.

1 .607
:?
. 830

S.SOO
1 1 \1. iH4
701
1O.O
!J
1

I
O

2.07" 1
23.999
2Il,58 Q

1,907
25,283

9,205,439
99,931,65!'
2,061
24,969
;, .;,7'!Ji
7S, ().t!1
1,319, {Wi
4,247,2-19

" 10

-;

11 , OfÞ4
107,ð65

5,S.!4.811
61,49-1, ()45
1 , 8.\5
15,479 1

1.), ,-19, '\1 1
743
13 . 5-I.i
1 ,M8, S26
3,!íS7,770
36J,2S4
91,690
6,72"
8S.000
6.94.5

1920.
1 Tnited
States.

\11 United
Countrif'
. I'\.ingdom.

9,59tJ
74 . 0!191
1 , 271 . 6!15
1,126.7H9
29,762
3.17.51"
257
2 , 5 ')0

:\5, 7
1)
297.';68
1,271.695
1. l::!fi, ';!I\>>
8,863.06h
94 ')1.2 (I')
." 2:is6
lð,3S7

4 3!S, 7lt 1 181, .93.,11;
1,510 1 a,M,';'
14.7S; :?fI
.721
5.399 1,0\\7, ')()I
80, 9f
4,442.17tJ
6, 763 44
, !IS I
11 ,500 129. 792
87
10. O:Ki
169.025 4bO,025
8,433 28,257

7,7Ii:i
10,M7
2.7"6,7S0
2.
, 800, ()(Jl

1 11'. t'il

03.24R
2,
2,9'\1I
269.5
8
1,720
220

1921.

F ni ted

tat
.

450
5,17'1
I, 122, 4
.
6,') I .370
I, IS7. 750
12, 02.i, 000
3<15
3.4:j l l

13 '-I
,579'
3.5711
29.044
20,2-t"':
2tt/'l
-1'\ I
6,410
434

No.

All
C'ountrips,

10 . S:J:I
l{U,613
I, I.'í
, :is.'j '!
702.141
6.017.032 3
66, 520,

I t
.,6,
05
72.,SO 61;

9.038 .J
1
9,!í
2
H!í4 . 2,=)4 .
2,M.i.3!í9 7
2Y9.5liO
34 , UO!} M
3. I:17
5;0 ,
ö:j

',5i6. U;lü '1, ;;1", 3.1
'
1'! bll I, 9-
,)
.). '!',
IO 321,1-16, ()

' 1"!.J, .H6. .ãt7 II'! J ,,'ã ,110 41..., 39-1,1).

12,357
31.7-10
602.429
617,533

1,19 273

14, 365 1
12!1.925

1,667
135.990
517
151.2S:?
407.163
83,492

'
I
160,677
2.380,931

45,919

9.594
43,498

2,.il.J.CJ.!3
246, 739 1
4,412.17

977 , 443
2,IS2
4,411

18427-23

4:\, 046
119,275
7403,574

jì,33"

9iS
14,365 1
129,925

14,332
2,mS,715
13,784
195,556
3,016.974
200 , 3M

ã.6:!9,..9U

'H6 344
3,36{170

47,444
9S.356 1
_56. 70j I

J,..16,
:
:I

1,962,744
4.703,366
1,002,895
6,950
12,202

291,219
\H6, M3
11 , 981
3') . 5Si
'7S.S10 1

1,278
8,662
2,235
1.295
ð29, 154
782
25.137
3,548,149
69,6ô5

.....s
,
....

27,154
b!)4, 760
34,052
316,134
422
2,513
2.891

I,OI6;
9"\

5,002,031
33,379
7,565
1,664
2,941
34,532
16,540
399,644
172,097

20.725
61,14!1
91s, 673 1
757.

81,.lb l

M,4:!3
433,477
285
269
3,203
6.0.'í.i
102,230
253,249
62,638

b61.1
1

157,868
3,583,510
79
926
57,196'
Hlj,424 1
46, 827 1
3,777,"''1
132,721:'.
3,971,435
1,114.304
6,700
15,702
1,753,225
163,004
50 , 044
22 , 770

437,925
1. 1i.1).36O
97.1,766
b7S,34ó

2.U3.11"J

65.iUl
4"2.139
29,OO

2".455
1.750,U67
56, fi40
169,822
7,395.1;2
230, i68
IO.OO9,96.

186,32

4,314,341
35.009
327.1:19
.i8.535
15
,408
52,967

oj
t'J "':;5

5,988,32-\
4,005,124
1.121, !159
9.270
20,6ti9
1, 7
7 , 7571
179,544 \
.1-19, 734
194,891

89,7!m
2\U
,044
32
1')5

% 6.1"

457,561
411
8.192
3,Ml,720
100,399

.., U.'\,
:I

43,326
';23,093
51 , 304
357,974
1,388
6,S4S
432

1,0....' 3-1ì

419,623
18.924
5.49!1
1,785
5,29."
205
955

l:i,8.I)O
3X,45:J
2!H .9S2
146,261
1"'..711

22,696
133,316
10, 303
7,755
2,6S4
276 1
14:!.328
17H. ]33
199, 748i

j.
.J

12.\,524
1,098,78.1
9,224
16,51

81,130
167,445
23,142

1,30.; X'

57,524
7,979,970
1,956,637
9,373
26, 162
88.1 , 6R5
95,8;\1

HI.'j , 2.. 7 10
t)fi:l, \\:i4
275,45" 11
IfJ7,i"2

51.316

2:!,7]6 12
133.516

9.359 13

3.R6n
1 ,524. Hfjfl If
:\6, .')34 15
225.415 16
8, 2.'):1 , HXI 17
5
1.219 18

10.1'\'19..)

189.2M 11
2,00'1.460
60.528 %0
374.4\)2
93,690 21
202, 5.=)4
28,5ó2 %%

2,611 ,06'i

1.190,718 21
7,mm,233 2-1
1 . 962 , 2.'íR
11,254 25
31. 767
887,667 %6
102. 3
18

27

,

354

TRADE AND CO
1fMERCE

10.-E.lports of Canada to United Kingdom, United states and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

f. Vegetable.Products -con.
Sugar, molasses, etc--con.
1 t;ugar, all kinds, n.o.p...... .............. lb.
$
2 Syrups, n.o.p....... _ ... ....... ....... .... S
Total sugar, molas!iìes, Sp'up, and
confectionery. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. .. S

3

Tea and coffee--
Coffee and imi tations of- . . . . . . .

lb.
$
Tobacco-
Tobacco, manufactured. ....... . .. ....... lb.
$
... lb.
,
Cigarettes. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb.
$
cwt.
S
All other tobacco..... ............ .' .., lb.
$
Total tobacco......... . . . . .. ....... $

5
6
'1
8

Cigars. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stems and cuttings. . .

Vegetables, fresh-
9 Beets, sugar. . . . .. . . . . .

ton
$
. bush.
$
11 Turnips........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _' bush.
,
12 All other vegetables, frel:!h.... . . . . . . . . . . $
Vegetables, prepared-
13 Canned vegetables...................... lb.
$
14 Dried vegetables. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb.
$
5

10

Potatoes. . . . . . . . . " ...,.. _ . . .

15

Other vegetables.............

Total vegetables.. . .. . . . . .. .. .. . . . . $

Other vegetable products-
16 Alcohol, wood.. . . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . gal.
S
17 Flax seed, n.o.p.... . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. bush.
$
18 Foùders, other, n.o.p. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
19 Groceries, all kinds, n.o.p.. . . . $
20 Gum,chicle...................... ... lb.
$
ton
$
. _..' lb.
S
....... lb.
S
$
$
$
lb.
$
28 Straw... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ton
$
.,. gal.
S
30 Other agricultural products. . . . . . . . . . . . .. $

21

Hay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' ..........

22

Hops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

Nuts..... ... ....... .......

24
2';

Plants. shrubs and trees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Root..:, herbs, bark, flowers, etc., for
medicinal use, n.o.p. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .
Sea grasses and plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Senega root.. '" . . . . . . . . . .

26
2'1

29

"inegar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

United
Kingdom.

49,857,302
3,185,853

3,
88.142

28,797
10,960

6,220
958,168
198
4,659
142,597
111,868
1,091,815

808
2,017

3,041,967

3,O.Jl,008

182,663
136,261
53,265
318,835

216
9,031
5,419
31,319
461,494

2,888
2,306
13
101

12,803

1918.
United All
States. Countries.

72,413 136,945,375
6,645 8,976,686

508,058 10,080,861

1, 101
355
32,035
11 , 838

62
15, 113
21,702
6,837
4,536
38,1 U

3,549
23,448
1,957,678
2,704,093
2,436,516
685,967

6,069

24

114,441

3,53
,018 19,034,528

139,476

112,801
172,851
6,371,285
19,445,420

15,154
2,680,871
1,777,109
385,895
4,240,561
7,338
1,350
18,664
2,250
23,382

204,003
132,579
10,859
61,607

100,446

6

27,176
5,869
60,832
22,798
40,693

United
States.

.

52,980
4,823

982.201

1,830
952
62,828
35,911

2,596

2,562,729
94
2,200
641,275
560.485

3,163,921

1,917 ,597

3,323
1,920,920

316,894
584,646
166,117
1,431,860
1,317

6,533
103,947

3,200
808

27,212
25,175
1
9

50,545

Total ve"etable products (except
chemicals, fibres and wood). . . S 410,207,292 10.),836, '101 581,431,967 113,312,085

1,424,882
15,311
26,361
225,226
167,623
1,682,357

3,549
23,448
3,818,185
4,451,581
2,446,380
689,199

13,730,824

450,696
490,837
6.424,550
19,764,255

77,468
2,740,546
1,816,673
440,368
5,073,814
7,433
1,377
19,168
2,347
25,094

216,951
141,233
10, 901
61 , 920

115,602

HX:POIlrs OF C.tN..tD.t

355

10. "'II)Orl.. or Canada to ( nUt'd h.ln..,dom. \ nlÜ'd
tatt's .nul All ('oull'rh's In QualltHlt's anti
ulurs Þ)' flasst's of home produce in tbe four fiscal years 191
-1921.-con.

1919.

Pniteod I .\tl T:niteU
Stat. Countrie::J. Kinp;ùom.

2161 2.052,935 129,704.0R9
19 lti. , 10. 11 ,
:! t ,3ti.1
-1_ '0 -. ' 599,801
1.'!%8,&12 3.'t07..')19 17.
.').:UI I
665 36,219 JO

6 10,4
' 15

2,f.!IÔ
29,873
1, bI3,4!16
1,643.855
2,223,4:!G
6:!
.
"f

2.811,076

15 1 1,425

2;,611

,4!Itl

90 , 45.3
45,414
65,35 Q
4,549,798
R,750
32,M9
7;1,741
701,115
Ó 394 ,j35

181.176
94,4:m
2.20!I
7,361
2,310,005
2,586,913
8,0
M
2,947
235."65
198,5!1

b:?3
.", ti.it
30,649
5,907
6,211')
47 , I
6

%.
.
t1

2,1')9

29.H73
2. f\22. 5.'>0
2,b3
,350
2,235.218
633 , O:!

16,9ti:!.987
9,15i.622 1.3bO,419
36
8

lQl,54Y

5:
;3.1I
I"

u t.

I,3GO 1
4

9:!C
2.116
1,723,161
6,323,4

65,558
75
.817
69CJ,333
471.43:::
7,260,936
11 , 960
1,260
23,509
7,109
19,64

289,363
2:
6. 764
12,172
76,23

115,518

I
3.}.97ã.3( 6 1
18427-23!

. . . . .
327,313 167,380 -
606.550 2f ' 8, 796 -
1,890.9iF i2,7
J. 020,192
7, 759, b.i2 J.'>4,543 4, 713,91J3
- - 1,111,926
174,077 1,312 7.124
759,817 - 593,423
b99,333 - 734,414
492,20i' 4.87
201,586
7,666,491 95,7Sf 3,6;5.105
14,5SG - -
1.715 - -
65.93( - 122.012
18.791 - 16.534
23,51( 213 93,726
- 10,871 IHI,121
- - 47. 134
:UO. J4h 17.789 3S8,616
251.875 24,815 55S.926
12.247 6 5.3.:)(1
77,155 66 4 I , 708
- 5.352 17,301
- 5.901 9.869
177,192 7.534 270.034
288,M'3,218 .H9,708,190 55,73,i,"2
I

1920.

.

1921.

tTnih'{l
Sta
.

All rnit{'d l"niteù \11
Count ri .' . Kingdom. Stat
Countrieti
245,321,90i 1.12".1"2 56.1\S9.700 b5.iU6.5
1 :!:!. 47:1, 40!1 247,Itil 9. 9m-. 566 11.837, !I
710 . 2()1J 5,4ðl - 11.4
30.S .i. I.') 6SI.01-I 12.13...7<<),', 10..1:1&.5
&'),
7 - 4, ))8 13.4
17,535 - 1,539 5,3
223.595 160,112 26.S:U 200. I
, 130, :?h4 00. 3H
1 34. O'J7 130.4
7.394 9\1'; 1 5.7
14.6i9 2.S20 8 13.2
3.0i6.
"'9 '9, 536 lit) lilJ.

3,32".055 20.134 3S:? 41, fl
12. t\tH 70 5.5.;!1 5,
7.353 2 , 6.
ð 3.b40 7.4
247,
m 3.464 5.597 13,5
2 J1 ,
'30 3,173 9.4
5 17,7

4.772.\112
504 . .i2:
3,564

1.9.)6.
9.>>
t>.i, 1

11 . 273
23.695
21,0"'(
15
50
735
1.002
4.768
4,4&
2.357
3,970

73
51
53
57
4.1
hi-o
tH
1\:1
653
00
14
16
210ðH

.5

3,G ., 181

47 6121

11' 1 t

. . .
7,723 - 11,50:'1 11 . 502
70.235 - IO:
,175 103.175
6,327,343 - 4.20".68-1 1 5,036.769
ð.039. Wi -
.

.
ti:? I 9.657.612
I 2.128.88:: - 1. I .)1). :>3h 1.7
H.75.'i
I il.ii. 04
- 4-1-1.830 4liO.506
Ibi,8il 363 105. 2
4 152.123
19. Hl7.690 2,
1
j.,,361 &l0,3!)() 4.779,126
1.527.201 274.040 :19.312 40
, :!03
3,47:1.72!1 - 20.1.541 219.005
875,026 - 56,004 59,747
- - - -
11.
...ð3 t. .oM I 9.";1"...
; IO,MI.366
Ibö.M9 ))3,205 Hlh.022 4)).2\11'
302.6311 173,"tj
541.22P 7H4 ')'h.
1,092.977 I,I
I 1,343.591 1,343:59JI
5 , 06..
, 536 3.473,610 3.473.610
1.14-1,414 ð42 . 035 932,401'
80.655 1,894 2.558 ))3. 020 1
593.423 - 131.152 131,152
734.414 - J!I7. 4 I 6 197 , 411j
21h.561 374 162.763 179.39f\'
4.0
i.670 9.629 3,712.979 4.21O.5N '
6,69
19.265 26,976 75.30b
I. 171 18.492 20.226 55,433
123.993 17. 880 15.53f\ 35,272
16.96.... 4,330 4 . 2!II- 9,123
98,32C 412 88,971 97,074
12P.369 1,892 67.532 71.532
57.039 - 39.724 47.632
415 223 26.(j
7 2:36.834 26",36::>
594.088 26,178 252,863 2
3.830
5,539 - 6,909 7.042
44,842 - 69.979 72, 181
33.-185 - 64.761 72.882
20.376 - ::!1.721 25.220
292,02S J1,367 54.222 69,617
I 416,122,111 Ul,3t1,101 U7,OS3,43å l (8%,924,672 1
I

7,';23
70.235
5.-1'\0,754
6, hl!}. 405
2.097.28-1
tI:I
. 6.1(
140.5b3

5% , 7
1:>
41.274
2.
II!I.332
679,872

G90 999

No.

39
30
54

2

2.i

3

.

.i

,
'1
8

.
10
It
12
13
H
15

IS
17
1M
19

O

21
22

23

.J

25
26
21
%8
%,
30

356

TRADE AND COJLvIERCE

to.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, United states and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

1918.
No. Principal articles by classes.
United United All United
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
II. Animals and thl"lr products (except
chemicals and fibres)
Animals, I iving, for improvement of stock-
1 Cattle... .. . .... . oo.......... .. No. - - - -
S - - - -
2 Poultry. . . . . . . . . . . . :r\' 0 . - - - -
$ - - - -
3 Sheep.o. .. a..................... No. - - - -
$ - - - -
t Swine. . . . . . .. . No. - - - -
S - - - -
Other animals, living-
S Cattle, one year old or less, n.o.p. . No. - 45,205 45,320 -
$ - 686 762 687,794 -
6 Cattle, over one year old, n.o.p. . .. .. .. No. - 144,021 146,036 -
$ - 13,304,396 13,449,150 -
'1 Horses. .......... .. No. 9,002 5,606 16,468 7,278
S 1,789,650 1,005,347 3,077,345 1,709,150
8 Poultry, n.o.p......... .................. .. :r\' 0 . - - - -
$ - 302,343 302,804 125
9 Sheep, n.o.p. o. . No. - 134,207 134,705 -
$ - 1,700,237 1,706,016 -
10 Rwine, n.o.p. O' 0 No. - 14,942 15,647 -
$ - 379,904 383,736 -
11 All other animals, living:, n.o.p... . . . 0 . . $ 50 87,707 100,397 6,250
Total, animals, living... S 1,789,700 17 , 466,696 19,707,242 1, 'ì15,5
5
J2 Bones, horns, hoofs and their products 0 . . . . S - 210,231 219,580 -
13 Fishing products, n.o.p.-
Codfish, haddock, ling, and pollock, fresh. cwt. 50,934 90,525 141,762 7,703
$ 318,583 441,050 761,227 51,920
14 Codfish, dry salted...... o. 0 '0 cwt. 1,494 389,778 772,027 11 , 097
$ 15,684 3,171,973 7,088,983 93,231
15 Codfish, wet sal ted and pickled. .. . ., . . cwt. 10 241,197 245,523 -
S 80 1,206,789 1,230,664 -
16 Codfish, smoked.... . .. .... cwt. 301 12,708 13,473 3,254
$ 2,256 134,754 143,495 35,361
17 Codfish, boneless, canned, etc. . " . . 0 0 cwt. - - - -
$ - - - -
Total codfish S 33
,6n3 4, 951,5c;G 9,22t,3G9 180,512
18 Halibut, fresh. . ........... cwt. 50,553 22,081 0 72,677 18,914
$ 351,231 276,372 628,252 238,855
19 Herring, fresh or frozen... ., ..... ..... .. cwt. I 1,227 349,170 431,600 2,104
S 6,135 1,148,537 1,244,831 13,672
20 Herring, pickled... .. . cwt. - 86,236 122,914 86
$ - 974,923 1,232,926 430
21 Herring, canned 0 0_' cwt. - 287 24,488 76
$ - 3,146 293,960 1,161
22 Herring, smoked. ............. .. . cwt. 858 30,646 38,441 2,356
$ 4,390 153,549 202,565 18,627
23 Herring, sea, dry sal ted. . . . . . . ... cwt. - - - -
S - - - -
-
Total herring ..... $ 10,5
5 2,2S0 455 2,91t,2
2 33,89J
24 Lobsters, fresh.. 00 .. . cwt. - 53,280 53,280 -

- 855,484 855,484 -
25 Lobster, canned. . . c$'t. I 26,058
8,862 86,639 17.981
1,085,754 971,568 3,325,117 872,867
Totallobstels...... . . .. s I 1,08;),151 1,8
1,0.;2 -1,180,601 87.2,8ûì
26 Mackerel, fresh.. _.... . cwt. - 30,006 30,006 322
$ - 228, 34:
228,343 3.544
21 MackPrel, pickled....... . . . . cwt. - - - -
$ - 750, 7031 830, 116 -
I Total mackerel. . . . . . . .. . . 0 . . . . . . . . . $ - 979,Ot6 1,058,4.59 3,5tt

E
\POHT8 OP C tN
l]).l

.157

to. ""ports uf C"anac)a to ( nlt...c) h.hu..dum. '.nU,,'d
taft's and .\11 COllntrl('
In quantltl
s and
. value' b) clas e
of home I)roduce In the four '1"('31 ) ('ars 1915-19'!1. -('.on.

1919 1920. 1921.
-
o.
Pnit('d All 1. mh,,'(i .. ni h'd All {-nitpd IT nit{'d All

tatOtl. Countril'::l. Kin
dom. Blat" . Countries. liingdom. ::;tatcs. Countries.
- i - - 2.372 2."'27 -I 1.270 I.:H2 I
- - - 1.025.624 I. 07S, S74 - b16.337 635.662
- - .')3 b.907 S,H"" 2'- 12,013 I:? . :J:J2
- - SUO 52 155 53,24:>> 450 63.091 Ii.. . '97
- - - 2.155 2.159 - 1.007 1.06j 3
- - - 109,403 to!., 41i3 - 64,055 60.02.1
- - - 140 144 - 62 69 "
- - - 9,1\11 9.911 - 6.778 7,323
39,
38 39.917 - '4.260 S4,397 - ï:!.731 72./'122 S
722,421 723.463 - 1.769,51b 1.771. 072 - 1. 47:L 222 1. 474 , 521
26
,724 271.579 479 415.956 31.12
131 221. 27S 223.61\9 6
29.13.'i.247 29,34fi.027 70.200 41.22h.445 43. 214.fì
5 19,350 19.759.329 19.9b9,370
2.360 1O,
57 173 2 725 3,b'9 50 2.925 3 fì26 7
430,161 2,302,220 36.045 49J.638 708,137 11.100 651.129 ï
0.977
- - - 603.3
4 604,117 - 7 Uti, bO/ 7(17,303 to,
382,013 383.526 - 612.459 613,39] - 7hO.51O iRI,280
119,037 120,131 - ]7"',524 ISO,.'i50 - I b:L 634 1
5.382 9
1,595,444 1,639,b62 - 1,979.361 1."99.499 - 1. 70U,\J92 1. 717,734
31.45a 32,0.')3 - 4,294 4,949 - 329 1.179 10
753.749 760. (},I 0 - 162 29ð 17U,298 - ,1.333 14,202
116.619 153,131 325 276.881 297.553 4.050 326,457 3.'i J. 672 II
:1'1 n.. G54 :n 2ì"i. 268 107 Jfj(, 7.717.b
3
J.O':tI. t.No :U.9o.O .!.'i."n.
I
!.') ",.. :UiC.;
239,991 245,550 - 341, 342 351. 733 - 319, 6fìp l 320,505 12

7 ,
.)1- 95,500 2.6'
68,151 71.142 - 46.2611 46,270 13
5US,739 561.022 26.470 327,MI 357,566 - 20:J,II!J 203, ?451

!14. 972 665,05.') 1,509 250.
:J4 752,3,lfJ 1.67b 96.212 553.91F 14
3.276, !ìfi.') 8,535,07] 19,273 2,509.19b 9, liS, 857 15, ]22 tl.,)7.0i4 6,049.377
297.47ì 297,6]6 - 243,8
9 244,730 - 145.U31 14tì.312 I.')
2,117,688 2. Il
. 66b - 1,447,499 1.454.650 -
30.50b b34. 1
7
10,841 14 . 93S 1.765 I I. 575 14.296 - IJ.960 14,444 16
H2,086 Ib2,7ì3 16,241 112,352 14-1..lbi - 147.526 154,"'07
- - 2.019 21,455 26.360 79 16,345 ]8,090 17
- - 33,1
2 2S9,i38 367,144 4,054 231.4781 2ti2, 735
-- I
G,Of,; 47
11 397.
9.'i,16 4:.6
.
U..w
.tO.f 19 176
. am.. ;(JJ 7 ,')04 3.iJ
26.194 45,118 - 32,504 32.590 - 55.6361 55. {jg.
18
390, 130 695,]95 - 474,456 476,140 - 912.046 913. (Jb.')
3:J7 , 095 339,199 - 336,076 336.106 - 377.679 377,
(I 19'
1, 353,035 1,366,707 -
14,391
14,621 - 1.058.039 I. o:'\s. 124
172.059 245.744 391
,359 192.325 - 40.015 ...8i3 Z.
Y53,95ß 1,348,359 1,563 400.011 827,482 - 177.055 4!1fi.232
3,869 52,451 I 1,324 35.646 - 1,545 20,588 21
53, 784 694,667 7 13,967 470,968 - IS, 71(1 274.354
41, 604 49,825 I 62,
9" 73,747 17 54, 9C3 65.074 22
311,997 389.372 20 426,570 521,038 b3 313,J64 3b9,791
- - - 40,834 448,25] - 7.8]2 561,675 23
- - - 59, lOû 775,3b9 - 16.282 991. 309
2.6ì
. 7n 3, 7
.1U5 1 . .')!)fl 1.7'" .O:J!t :1.4-4
' . .(1'", 83 1 1,5S34.)( 3.209.
tO
42,4ö7 42,499 - 42.707 42,70i - 52,643 .12,643 2t
788,774 7S9,038 - M
,421 M8,421 - 1,033,738 1,033.738
21. 079 4S,902 26,887 17,716 59,246 23,446 31. 462 66,585 25
878,370 2,230.064 1,9
8,364 1,073,454 4,083,678 2, (.
6, 994 1 2.230,393 5. 179.56Q
1.6;);.1-14 3 019,IO
1 9"-"i,:I6-t 1.9!1.
f;,) oj, 93'J OCJ9 2.000.994 3.2M.t31 6.21.1 .Wi
55,13] 55,455 - 52,295 52.295 - 48,141 48. 141 26
562,741 566.321 - 483,955 483,955 . . . . - 573,712 573,712
63,067 66,905 - 74,703 91.66] - 28.410 61,298 2'1
802,947 849,823 - 800,297 948,634 - 293,454 564,228
1 3G5.
1 4:16 144 - 1
.;.!
..)'J 1.t.:r!,5h9 -
67 . Uit. 1.137.94'
I . -
I

358

TRADE AND COJ.MltlERCE

IO.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, United States and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four Oscal years 1918-1921.-con.

1918.
No. Principal articles by classes.
United United All United
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
D.-Animals and their products (except
chemicals and fibres)-con.
Fishery products, n.o.p.-con.
1 Oysters.. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . S 66 10,298 10,389 16
% Salmon, fresh and frozen..... ............ .. cwt. 10,761 68,140 80,457 3,869
$ 208,609 567,111 781, 118 74,717
3 Salmon, smoked....... . . . .. .. . ., cwt. - 24 58 -
$ - 553 1,180 -
4 Salmon, canned. . . . . . . . cwt. 211,173 8,936 437,772 292,651
$ 4,686,894 142,025 8,478,661 7,115,783
5 Salmon, dry salted (chum). .. cwt. - 100,544 100, 544 -
$ - 349,221 349,221 -
6 Salmon, pickled. .. . .......... .. cwt. - - - -
$ .- 54,394 74,557 -
'1 Salmon or lake trout. . . . . . . . ....... .. cwt. - 21,412 21,493 -
$ - 161,987 162,392 -
8 Sea fish, other, fresh. .. ... . cwt. 3,934 17,505 23,777 391
S 20,904 102.239 130,041 1,833
9 Sea fish, other, pickled.... ... ,. . .. . . cwt. - - - 96
$ - 2,588 2,661 64'0
10 Sea fish, other, preserved..... . . ... . . . .. cwt. 791 1,264 45,896 911
$ 12,062 11 , 428 66,067 15,956
11 Smelts..... .. oo......... .. ................. .. cwt. - 55,445 55,448 -
$ - 624,898 624,920 -
12 Fish, bait and clams...... .. .. . $ - 23,649 25,426 -
13 Fish, all other, fresh....... . $ 12,076 2,716,524 2,728,679 63,526
14 Tullibce. . . . .. ............... - ('wt. - - - -
$ - - - -
Total fish ... ....... .. $ 6, 72t, 724 15,173,788 31,59
,60'ì 8,60
,139
15 Other fishery products. . . . .. . $ 5,502 118, 115 159,651 18,869
Total fishing products, n.o.p....... S 6,730,226 15,291,903 31,752,258 8,621,008
Furs, hides, leather and their products-
16 Fur8, dressed..... ........................ . $ 500 51,445 94,514 16,125
17 Furs, undressed.......... .. . $ 1,652,949 6,402,459 8,073,632 3,744,034
18 Furs, manufactured......... .. . $ 4,060 17,062 31,166 3,796
Totalfurs. ...... ... ........"....... . $ 1,657,509 6,410,9&6 8,199,312 3,763,955
19 Hides and skins other than fur. . . . . . . . . . . . S 119,318 8,773,300 8,896,888 -
Leather, unmanufactured-
20 Harness, leather. . . . . ...... .. lb. - 5,122,788 5,141,729 -
$ - 3,281,636 3,295,927 -
21 Sole leather.. . . . . .......... .. lb. 58,919 3,588,469 3,763,495 1,878,774
$ 39,726 1 , 803 , 681 1,921,945 825,518
Z2 Lpper leather......... ..... .. lb. 181,132 1,377,058 1,692,781 316,622
$ 383,374 1,994,073 2,613,12H 1,153,036
23 Other unmanufactured leather. . . ..... . . $ 26,086 550,030 581,059 2,197
Leather, manufactured-
%4 Boots and shoes.. . ...... . $ 534,719 347,971 905,087 495,977
25 Harness and saddlery. . . . . . . . . . $ 479,982 51,322 535,009 28,855
26 Other manufactures of leather...... $ 47,22H 1,081,694 1,134,065 23, 109
Total leather. ....... $ 1,511,116 9,110,t07 10,986,221 2,528,892
Z7 Hair......... .. $ - 245,678 245,717 -
Meats, fresh-
28 Beef, fresh. . . . . . . . cwt. - - - 916,449
S - - - 19,991,934
29 :\Iutton and lamb, fresh. . .. . . . . . . ..... cwt. - - - -
$ - - - -
30 Pork, fresh. . . . . . . . . ., . . . ., . . cwt. - - - -
$ - - - -
31 Poultry and game, dressed or undressed.. $ - 69,499 77,326 168,515
Meats cured, canned or otherwise prepared-
32 Bacon and hams, shoulders and sides. . .. cwt. 2.054,998 6,924 2,078,330 1,210,362
$ 59,382,465 182,484 60,082,494 39,149,845

EJ:'PORTS Oft' CA.\
tD.l

359

1..-t..s:porb of ('anada to l'nltl'd khl
dum. l nltt'(1
t3tl'S and \11 ('ollnult's In quantlU...!'t and
ullll's b) rb...ses uf home I)roduce III tile fuur theal years 191'\-1!r
1.-con.

5.003 5.346 7t) 12.236 12.541-
71,2ti!
O,338 4.648 307.555 312,"19
69
.366 79".332 91.438 1.321,679 1. ":W. 171
147 HìO 97 143
2.57
3.360 1.626 2.710
19.368 "78.137 310,451 62.2"8 615.2

3.')-1, 3:i 1 10 , :!
17, S03 7.5
:!.373 & 1,.'')'' 7 12.067.319

2,237 1)2.237 7.733 27,277
29'\.2.')(, :!tI'}. :!.',O 2ti.419 71.051
5.!Jð
10 . .j56 467 8.976 12....');
99.7Ul 144.194 5. 120 17U,OOO 201\.293
25.555 25.567 28.729 21\.739
2tn.90t. 264.035 )9.'Í. ,j!J6 ':9'.696
12.124 12.641 4.MO .. 1\
6
124.7.',C 127.049 35,3iL 35.5:t')
704
U4 53 344
4.1'\34 5.509 462 1. 7
9
!J, H:
18:1.512 4.13 .'19 1.632
66.1'\34 358.509 7.253 IS.238 33.570
55.62:' 55.62-1 61. !I'JS 61, 995
677.
25 b77.ö55 itj:J.942 763.942
50.468 51, 242 2:1,650 24,5!}2
2.4i-l,722 2.588.286 18.319 3.032.170 3. roO. 41\!'
39.51\2 39.5ð2 49.
75 4'J.öi5
231.971 231.971 312.723 312.723
--
17.6JO.7 . ;I . ,166. ',m. 9
li.9' 17
O. ".0 -10 (). , "OJ
197.839 226.34f- 20,229 .?37, 631 289,575
n.7'
.m
:iã 3
.b
9,
;.
11 .414 .k.
1 .Jt1.9ìb.'H7

1919.
United All l"nited

tates. Countrie!5. h..i11&dom.

3'.1.017 S5.381 35,532
9. 69U, 255 13,S:Jl.7MI 3,939,539
14.19:! 120,"51
,8!6
--
!I.7"1 4M J.3.731,b".:1 t.U,iIi.917

7,651.0.')2 7.651.071 6,176
5.i9J.674 5,810.897 -
3.993,575 4,OOP.179 2.046
2,603,679 4.810,791 3,979.583
1,119,566 2,163.80b 1,613,398
32-1,970 739,747 -

72.976 2,220,162 4.529,964
307. 1-11 363,769 14-1,403
4UO.641 1,130.3J4
,7á-t,076
140.52h 175'16-11 574
2,341,452 2,375.296 188,691
D,173.
79 l
.437. 7l
9 .
;J.3. 15.)
259,621 259,62:! -
329.356 1.258,027 2S j', 3()..j
6,026.867 26.223,955 4.
73,257
- - 3,208
- - 51, &>7
23.04b 2-1. 10-1 -
572.621 592.955 -
62.922 257,749 236,643
29.380 1.2"6,887 2.209,456
,62,953 40.242.175 69.293,178

IH20.

. J921
C nited 'Lniteù All
Kingùom. t:) tat.eg. Countries.
- 5.961 6.369
2.004 75.635 87.16S
6D.46l' 656.380 743.812
40 87 135
640 1,517 2.344
Hii.657 12.2
5 :i07, 5j'

ð. "" 1.566 237.0Hì 7.51.i0.977
- 226 56.873
- 2.2115 131,160
173 8. !179 10. Ø78
4.004 1S3.56f\ 207.367
- 29.
2 2!J.842
- 36:$.758 36:i. i.')1\
- 12.008 12.00

- 31. O
IJ .i1.ORO
50 15!} 209
600 1,332 1,932
- 47.1 4:--9
- 9.692 9.904
- 59.921 59.Ø2l
- 774.359 774.3.1){)
- 50.874 51,285
- 3.330.22\1 3.330.22tJ
- 6:
. 2\13 6:3. 293
- 324,
.;'" 321.85"
I 7 679,3-
I lJ. .)100,6.04.7 33 t:w .Ot3
3,lI85 197.123 200.361

. .

l.i

No.

rnited
Stat('S.

\11
Countries.

t
2
3
4
S

.
'1
b
I
10
It

12
1:1
U

7 .

.4
3 1;).(53 l.lI .,"I.:Uo..
t4

33,180 94.6:-"8 20.701 39.309 168.215 l'
16,á-t0.
22 20, 62
. 10\1 3.490.6:i4 7. 9:J2 .253 11,711.081 11
20,532 199,174 146.078 35, 93b 331,168 18
t6..:',I,.):" '
u.9
I.u1t 3.b.,ì .jlJ 8.U07.."'0 1
. 211 ,=14i-t
19.738,006 19. 76:!,646 1--
17,874 4.70
.612 ".732,207 I'
- 'þo
816.957 834,9011 3.655 416.559 43.1.076
92".379 5.524.409 237,369 1:)28.859 1.391.510
1
729,103 2.773.642 IM.151 429,568 870,1
3
- 22
2,182,6& 7,421,047 2,189.945 797,284 3.397.075
515,553 712.670 63.178 337,678 436,094 2;1
350,b74 5.679,720 904.07b 276.01,j I, 441 , J38 U
91'\,946 109.101 3.564 119, 4231 144.786 %.:
164,623 526,063 23, 543 276,196 356.H7 26
4:.8
. 7
1
.057 .1';2' 3.372.114
652.723, 7.031 UD
332,112 33\J.71:).1 19)
226,105 226,365 2'1
344.180 1.03S,995 I 358.383 519.994 28
88.83b.
5,892.484 18.868.069 1, 262.349 5,829.181
,331.298
46.586 61.401 62.421 64.055 2'
1,027,172 1,314.573 1, 595, 1 11 1.626 792
12,844 15.250 2.948 9,338 16.014 30
:!fj8, b27 321.3
4 .5,738 316.]51 41J:3, 220
129,648 430,72
12.763 523,128 585,159 31
14.798 2.236,426 974.228 5.997 982.338 33
424,639 70.123.580 31. 201. 3
0 203.960 31.492.407

360

TRADE AND COJIJ."\{ERCE

10.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, United States and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four fiscal years 1915-1921.-con.

No.

Principal article!:! by classes.

1
2
3
4
5
S

n. Animals and their products-con.
Meats cured. canned or otherwise prepared-con.
Beef, pickled. in barrels...... . . . . . .. cwt.
$
lb.
$
.. lb.
$
cwt.
$
. cwt.
S
lb.
$

Canned meats, n.o.p. .

Extracts of fluid beef.

Pork, dry salted...... ...

Pork, pickled, in barrels.. . . . . ..

All other meats, n.o.p. .. . . .. .

7
8
9
10
11

Total meats.... ., .. . .
Milk and its products-
Cream. . . . . . .

gal.
$
... gal.
S
... lb.
$
lb.
$
lb.
S
S

.. $

Milk, fresh. . . . . . .
Butter....... .

Cheese. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Milk, condensed, canned or preserved. ...

Total roUk and Its products....

12
13
14
15
16

Oils, fats, greases and waxes-
Animal oils, neat's foot, etc.....

Cod liver oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seal oil. . . . . . . .. . . . . .

Whale oil. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other fish oiL..... . . . .. . . . .

1'1
18
19
20
21

Other fats, greases and waxes-
Grease and grease scraps. . . . . . . . . . .

.. cwt.
$
. cwt.
$
Lard compounds and substitutes.. ...... cwt.
:$
Tallow... ........................... . cwt.
$
Wax..... . .. .. ...., .................... lb.
$
Total oils, fats, greases and waxes.. S

Lard..

22
21
24

Other animal products-
Eggs........................,. ......... doz.
$
Glue and glue stock. . . .. . .. .......... $
Honey......... ... .H. ... lb.
$
Sausage casings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Tails. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $
Tankage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. cwt.
$
Other animal products, n.o.p.. . . .. . . . . . . . S
Grand total Animals and their products
(except chemical
and fibres).... .... . .. S

25
2G
27
28

IIncludes casein valued at $2,634.

U ni ted
Kingdom.

1,549,254
532,640

42,630,499
7,194,941
G1,110,046

3,311,591
1,410,616
168,240,447
36,277,359
8,082, 149
1,129,225
38,817,200

gal.
$
gal.
$
gal.
$
gal.
$
gal.
$

27,486
51,320
9,097
6,612
11,221
7,859

17,769
483r 42 8

549,258

4,056,232
1,948,965

224,692

1918.

United
States.

All United
Countries. Kingdom.

4,925 13,422,624
2,458 3,695,384

3,OOS,5!3

18,186,890 102,520,193
2,752,102 16,044,501

19,899.705

585,601
666,401
1,116,362
241,527
840,398
256.657
79,707
25, 511
24,191,048
2,486,279

585,601
666,401
1,116,362
241,527
4,926,154
2,000,467
169,530,753
36,602,504
43,656,718
4,955,048

3, 679, 009 1 44, 468, 5811

70
39

57,566
87,593
702,824
606,368
24,839
19,826
101,482
104,309
65, 133
52, 638
23,427
83,639
293
7,100

106, 700
184,634
714,684
615,136
36,375
27,874
101,482
104,309
65,318
52,965
25,834
84,014
19,552
528,382

5
37

98
1,198

8,440
155,685
7,456,825
3,087,592

331,056
10,660,125
3,454,672
399,775
73,613,471

9,915,131
4,530,177
120,056,420
27,525,634
30,525,473
4,530,933
36,586,7U

10,742
26,412

8,886
12,420

3,685
45,977
2,678
81,168

1,087
16,157

182,134

632,921
329,253

340,197
81,608
381,540

124,f58,085 G6,493,17R 209,49G,112 127,812,198

8,268

961,510

786,909
299,365
93,848
10,659
1,553
262,246
7,126

55

613,397

1,598,512

4,896,793
2,271 ,299
93,848
88,409
13,012
523,736
7,126

613,675

E\.l
ORTS OF C LVA/).t

ßl

tl.-t:xpons or ('anada to l'nltt.'d kingdom. \"nltt'd stah,.. and .4.11 ('otlntrlt's In (IUantHit's anti
uhlt.
h) das!ot's of bOUlt' lÞrodm.t'ln tbt' four fis('a. ) ('ars ISlS-tS21.-con.

(-nitro

tat
.

H.041
IIt!,41.")
661.ð50
176.256

15. 311
416.415
4,491. 959
();'j:!,25b

.9l6 73

4...5.()1.

620.725

27.n73
226.777
2,91
651
I. I
J.216
150.065
4S 265
17,554.913
2.05S.b31

1919.

.\.11
Countries.

20.076
370.N>9
14.140.717
5.701. 510

349.0n
11.118.069
8.116."92
1. 0
2. b89

.." 5 Ht, Iftl

4"5.015
620.725
8:?7.H73
226.777
13,659.157
6.140,1\114
152.207.037
35. 22:J. tI....3
50.7
6.856
7.035.297

4.1')., 7 U' 19.219,5
2

72. 764
121.337
295.050
396.675
74,637
109,382
4;
. 352
66,144
lIS. 277
123.511

34 , 192
14,'\, 698
21.998
600.821

12.531
154,387

1.1%O.9.i5

26,907
13,076
93,147
12,mt-
2,540
362,099
14.028

784,950

83,466
147.749
297,305
399,666
h.1 , 523
121.802
43 , 3,12
66,144
120,060
124.476

37,8<-'\.3
194.695
26,407
727,581

13, 792
173,491

t.9.iS,604

733,445
381,558
93,147
3
,565
92, 1
7
814,017
14,02f-

798,071

(Tnited
Kingdom.

1,0ii'
23,825
2,347,122
Q93,b5ö
180
19(1
14.746
45:J, 57

657
18,2
2
8.626,310
1,119, i9n

71 IHtt .9ì

3,932.674
2,323.479
89,977,759
25,720,370
30.941. 39ð l
5,031,162
3.1 073 011

.is, 743
11!1,515
10,306
11 ,4.')7
21,602
34,866
2 , E\:J!I
4.924
7311
650

10,231
137,289
4.=;,57

1,522,018

13,099
195,912
20,203
8,984,
t.035.61.5 1
5,679,510
3,309,364
1 , 78.3
3,615
878
118,477

38,756

19'>0.
r ni ted

tat('S.

2.001
30,
54
1l2,X79
27.M.1)
15,666
9.960
S.8!i9
226.757
3, 1

69.490
2, f-!17. UU4
371.
('

"'.t7t nth

79ã.iMtJ
1,122,424
1, \I....í, 113
576.666
10,693 311
5,712,727
6,031, 404
1,575,264
15.466,673
2,214,166

All
Countri
.

61,4f\:i
769,5
7
2,
12,70f.
J.IC2.M2
17,07b
12.105
39.497
1, 0611. S"2
12.076
249,3C4
15.fi.l4.05fJ
1, "9:<).180

Uti.Ilia. "!:H

795, 7

1,122,424
1, !"5, ll:J
576.666
17,612,605
9,cS44.359
126.395,777
36,336,863
54.247,498
8,517,771

rnited
h..ingùom.

2
:
. i3:?
168,101
10,642
7 , ';:t

1, 096
33,676
44
1, 160
3, J07.21ð l
399.165
:1:1 Hi'! IHit

2,O!I'\,716
1, 016,935
122,652,290
34,024.5!15
21 904.938
3,644 ;'>3

11, at 217 3G 3 m-3 3"i,. ,U3 1

31, ':;96
79,577
365,982
366,397
14,068
g,621
509, 7
1
63S,007
155.623
123,337
65,431
506,143
11,379
321,248
1,330
21 , 0
3
43,039
653,0S5
117,412
57,954

t. 78t..1
I

131,9r9
70,5J4
122,1i29
26,23b
6,000
298,389

O, 902
357,438
890,811
115,846

94,376
242,b93
379,972
:N1,0!17
3." ,670
49,487
5.='7,29!1
682,365
157,153
124,4b:!

0,43ti
732, IS;
76,21R
2,428,138
1,584
2K,503
64.831
!1!1!1,5S5
155,601
73,904

5,7.5.6"

6,000,520
3.4f16,827
124,915
33,142
7,632
564,222
30,902
357,438

OO, 811
161,385

13,262
39.(;h7

113
2,149
12,612
202,990
bU.
2,424
24.
1
6,594,
%5.1,8'U 1
6,2ö6,16!>
4,229,608 1
2,770
60
20
13-',6;')

34,031

19')).
l'nited
:-;tate8.

1, !194
29,764
S5,739
35,287
6,MH
4.070
394
6. 599 1
SOft
15,246
2.56
,4
3
439,605

b,U!ÞS.10

1,279,195
I, 9X7, 461
1,5U
,61b
412,916
5, 9!13, 7
6
3,156,951
641, 950
Ih4,b"3
14.YI9,2M

2,35'>,319

No.

All
Countrit,s.

15,072 1
173,291
437.239 %
220.437
20,98';' 3
13,
n
9. 125 4
19S.502
6.118 5
110.7;)01
II , (lfjll, 64 i I ·
1,255,091
U. .,UI,.)"!tJ

1 279,195 7
1.9
7,461
1,5(1
,61f, H
412.916
9.739.414 I
5,128.831
133, 62Q, 340 10
37. 14ti, 722
49.147,451 11
8,187,937

tj
J4 538 J? 63 1167

50
1.071
90,231
"'2,073
2,2!J8
2,349
78,542
95,454
!16,462
65,789
21. 170
104,579
1
15
22
511
18,512
IM,39b
76,471
37,270

554.507

191,258
118,513
141,728
36, 164
8,996
296,069
18,329
232,641
554, 506
120,755

16,440 1

45.947
98,303 13
87,427,
2,2HS, 14
2 349
78: 542 1 1 ';
95,4.54
96,4'i2 1..
65,7bU'

21,672 11
108.917
30,961 18
617,334
2,334 It
57,095
18,964 20
172,146
102,173 21
44,267

1,
9G,nä

6,579,853 22
4.425,8.16
145,599 23
36,929 24
9,195
579,674 25
18,329 26
232,681 21
5,>>, 706
159,549 28

14,OG7,557 I 2H"
'
C:1 U8,SS5,9:U, 130,997,011 3H,017,'U '1.
!1;'Cll 75,751, ðt6 1 188,359,'57
'Includes casein' alued at $1,936.

362

TRA_DE AIVD COJIMERCE

10.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, United states and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

1918.
No. Principal articles by classes. -
United United All United
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
III. }'ibres, T('xtlles and T('xtlle products.
Cotton and its products-
1 Cotton waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . cwt. 227 2,530 2,861 -
S 3,499 10,714 14,877 -
2 Cotton clothing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ - - - -
3 Cotton fabrics and cotton duck........ yds. 84,667 6,647,624 7,359,608 221
$ 17,696 1,562,893 1,914,131 65
4 ::\fanufactures of cotton, n.o.p... . .. $ 59,282 590,544 691,087 22,838
Total cotton and Its products. S 80,"77 2,UiJ,151 2,G
0,095 22,903
Flax, hemp, jute and their products-

Flax fibre and flax tow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . $ - 370,241 370,241 -
6 Other articles........... .. . S - 5,480 5,558 -
Total flax, hemp, etc...... . .. . $ - 37
,721 375,799 -
7 Silk and its products....... . .. S 27 21,519 32,778 2,071
Wool and its products- lb.
8 Wool.. . ... . .... . .. . " . . . - 10,529,241 1O,57ô,627 277,100
$ - 6,834,540 6,865,907 199,750
9 Clothing, wool, knitted.................. $ - - - -
10 Clothing, wool, n.o.p.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ - - - -
11 \V oollens, n.o.p...... . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 307,273 8,415,542 8,874,583 510,785
Total wool and its products. .. .... . $ 301,273 15,250,OS
15, nO,4!O 710.535
Vegetable fibres and their products-
12 Binder twine. ................ . ........ .. cwt. - 50,388 69,824 3,360
S - 913,965 1,194,962 65,320
Mixed textile products-
13 Rags.............._.. ......... ......... .. . . S - - - -
l.j Cordage, ropes and twine... ............. $ 25, 644 45,614 156,414 38,374
15 Fel t, manufactures of. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 5,887 24,576 41,5ö8 -
16 Oilcloths, all kinds.. yd. - 49 ]47,946 -
$ - 28 40, Ð.51 -
11 Sails, awnings, tents and tarpaulins. .... . . $ 96,844 547,457 654,801 -
Wearing apparel, n.o.p.-
18 Braces or suspenders. . . . . . .. . . . . . . $ - - - ...
19 Corsets and parts of. . . $ - - - -
20 Gloves and mitts....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ - - - -
21 Hats and caps. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 133,106 78,894 244,750 5,306

2 Clothing and wearing apparel, n.o.p.. . .. . $ 2,164,181 5,867,286 9,702,207 615,958
23 Other articles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S - - - -
Total fibres, textUes and textile
prod uets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,813,-139 25,289,293 30,80",815 1."60,667
IV. \\ood, Wood products and paper.
24- Books and printed matter. ... .............. $ 36,258 278,271 370,964 56,307
Paper-
25 Bags, boxes and cartons......... .... $ - - - -
26 Bond and wri ting paper. . . . . " . . . . . . . . . .. cwt. - - - -
$ - - - -
27 Book paper........... .... .......... ..... cwt. - - - -
$ - - - -
28 Hangings or wall paper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . roll 3,000 15,422 1,405,32t.i -
$ 180 2,080
13,695 -
29 Printing paper... .. ,... .._ .._.. cwt. 34, 155 10,981,503 12,101,865 9,310
$ 86,969 30,741,564 33,978,347 38,484
30 Paper board.............. $ 359,544 1,298,563 1 , 826, 118 873,331
31 Roofing paper, all kinds. . . .. . . . . .. . . $ 28,297 146,972 337,341 95,717
32 W rapping paper. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . cwt. 61,189 65,027 237,924 5,059
S 232,861 418,609 ],294,725 30,649
33 Other paper and mfs. of...... . .., $ 2,665 62,518 173,025 2,676
Total paper......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ nO,51G 32,610,306 1 :n,ì2:1,251 1,0-tO,R51
I

E.X.PORTS UF CAN"lD.l

10. t:'l)orh of {'anada to (-nltt'd h.lnJ!dom, '.nUed
tates and AU Countries In quantities and
,alues by dA
ses of home produrr In thl' four ""iral ) pars 191!\-1921. -con.

1919. 1920. . 1921.
to ni ted I \11 l ni ted. enited \11 L'nited r ni ted All
:-;tat
. Countri' . KiD,ll;dom.
ta Countries. Kingdom.
tate8. Countries.
I
I
I
3.698 4.i2û 5.2:JO 3.695 9 . b.')
- 887 1.014
51.41:! 61),212 109.2-15 63.919 lR
.679 - 17.302 18.890
- - tjô6. 654 7.806 2, ....:).hð1 :
-U, 799 2!1.6Y7 1 , 728. iii!)
9. :;'\.1. 0'\4 10.:H
.621 4ô9.WS 71R.746 9,949.9ð1 20tJ.2i6 20.029 1.734,619
2.310.722 2.8.'>9,241 -109.242 141 .927 2.68.3.273 274. ml:
22.2 HI 1&1.072
2t}9, 986 56.'3, 752 59,19:1 170,4:J9 3\JO.b3
71 .626 112. 606 313,289
1.53!. t 20 3.1S:!,?O- 1.'!U.:\31 "'1 tl91 $ 11" S!I. tN} .).... ''''1 :-II:'

'3 &11
-
I 1. 439.898 404.05!1
S;!7.321 821. .t!';" ,\-t.'). -11Þ5 982.422 580,
b.1 1 . 2\j8. 3.m
1,016 1.016 393 83.186 117,025 6.841
5, 045 57.692

'!", 11:
"'!S,:U:I :Ii... ...,....'1 I.QO... "I 1.:...1.9
oJ1'i7. 4'.:1 I -I.9.tul 1.3.1S.0
t
9.049 36 270 4\1.128 41.24.1 176.4ól 158,710 2J.543 .J..:J.077
4,575.364 4.&1.M9 195.lJxl toI.ð.->9.&2 9.IJ
. 727 130.619 7,12ö,06.5 7.
S8.373
3.079,896 3.302.&16 149.237 5. 2iJ3, 522 5,472.2:Jti 54 , ".')ti 2 . 0!14. mil 2. 1t)S. 2,')6
- - 12!}.343 5tH.537 1 . I);J2 , 954
2.819 119.273 ,1)64 . 42,1
- - 2!19,247 110.W
4,073.333 86,746 154. &30 1.212.246
2,80ï,()()Q 3. 51
, '\.-)1) .. 21>, 621i 272. bi!1 5.41\ 1 .202 59.Wb 31\:1,25S 3. !IO,l. 571i
6,&&.10,) ,,
ZI. , 1.1 I,'-J 6.n"'.
"61 IS. 5' ",. "3 1 2,;-
0-'" 7.
50. -OJ
82.997 113,10:>> 8.O().j 142.6!IO )...0,915 17.831 lti:),Ið-1 ht},124
1.92:s,533 2,574,734 128,013 3.037.525 5. 5.10, 9Gb 227.9.J9 2.924.198 3.192.174
-I - 6'\4.657 934.213 1 . 6.33. 179 276.400 6G9.8.59 951.135
2-17. &:J 4,')1. !I;')!! 4S.2ã4 3.'>. 772 179,534 P, ""'1 :!ti.022 1 So'). !I'14
7.024' 30.559 2.191 33,30S 52, f
ï 8,142 19.743 101,401
216. 7
91 lIti.007 113.
90 31S 2
t9. 2011 59 R:J,942
42. Ó 10 29,047 U)O, 112.140 28 47.16Y
275.060 1.515 1,825 9,216 1,3 5,169 11,711
- - 147.7i2 25 230.285 199.3OR 91 287.071
- - 85.2"li 202 4:J0. ð:JO IX:? .051 22.!m 1.250.567
- - 20.252 622.043 658. 4,'>0 2.014 513 26. X.33
3.5O-t -14,710 10 , 45.) 2.2.')1 M.
H 2.353 7,774 130,438
10.432.554 13.426.235 2.M4 3,102 36.732 1.44.') 550 21.144
- - 47.63b 72.180 247,456 12.755 53,430 179.299

22,I
.tU "" tþ30,
1 '-',il 35; n,tn,t.;6' 3t,0?
,3U %,G13
O
'ì ,1%
,&!2 18, 783.
t
269.569 408.507 122,555 353.344 603.318 187.603 557,317 941.20Y
I
5.083 3,532 69,407 4.288 7,646 123. 952 1 2.)
899 145 21. 157 5.913 10 60.558 2.
8.319 I.M5 315.481 12.261 134 98t1.068.
3.911 47.573 6.860 1.438 65.194 '
ì
2!1, 6\17 436.330 bl.Oll 11.514 779, 7631
134.084 3.859,108 631.431 25,011 3.159.118' 509.160 70.
61 5.108,287

12.245 360.567 70.059 2,898 324.149 134.323 17.078 831.772
11 , 880. 069 13.248.542 467.372 12.553.349 14.272.513 "--;. &19 13,376. ö:m 15.1I2.5Sti 29
36,0.H,358 40,718,021 1,700.965 -i6,ð09,178 53.203,792 444.130 68,792.519 78.922.1371
1.1'187, 3S
1 3,037.279 1,6(j1.21
2..559,291 4.568.060 2.065.845 2.423.495 5.267.842 1 30
127,313 310.778 51.453 230,313 592.875 12.860 106.740 354,690 31
76.219 325.792 154.063 44.897 362.682 90.365 18.929 340.946 32
454.377 2.4,12.296 1, 200 . 525 354,306 2,917 ,197 1 966.616 165.291 3.672,7 80 1
108,583 98.3 . 968 86.258 406.273 826.122 64.094 645.712 1,161.303 33
--
38,621.%85 .j7 ,8G
,90' 1 .J.SI3,
741 50,3,7,339 1 63,
53,t191 :I,xI.i,"
I 'ì2,1'ì0,1
' 92.10.1,30'4
l

J63

No

1
2
a
f

6
.

7

8
t
10
11

n

13
U
15
II
17
11i
l'
2t
21
n
23

364

TRADE AIVD C0J11MERCE

to.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom. United States and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

1
2
3
4
5
6
i
8
9

IV. Wood. wood products and paper-con.
Logs and round timber-
:F'ence posts. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logs, cedar. . . . . . . . . . . .

$
.M ft.
S
$
S
... S
$
. . .Lin. ft.
$
Poles, hop, hoop, telegraph and other. . .. $
Posts, sleepers and railroad ties... . . . No.
S

Logs, hardwood.... ..,
Logs, spruce. . . .. .........
Logs, all other, n.o.p...... .. . . .. .
:Masts and spars. . . . . . . .
Piling. . .'. .

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
11
18
19
20
21
22
23
24-
25
26

Sawmill and planing mill products-
Deals and deal ends. . . ..

M ft.
$
Planks and boards...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., :M It.
$
M: ft.
$
1.1 ft.
$
.., M ft.
S
$
$

Scantling. . . . . .. .

Timber, square, Douglas fir...

Timber, square, white pine.

Timber, square, other, n.o.p...
Other lumber, n.o.p...... . .. . .
Other sawmill and planing mill products-
Doors, sashes and blinds...... .. . . . . . .
Knees and futtocks.. .............

Laths. . . . .

$
No.
$
... M
$
$
$
M
S
S

)fouldings, trimmings, etc. . . . . . .
Pickets...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shingles. . . . . . .. . . . .. ........... _ ..

Shooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other unmanufactured wood-
I<-oirewood.. .... .. .. . . .. .. .. ........ .. cord
$
............ cord
$
Other articles of the forest produce. . . S

Pulpwood.... .

Total wood and wood products.
unmanufactured................. S

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34:

Wood and wood products, manufactured-
Cooperage, barrels, empty. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. S
Pails, tubs, churns and other hollow wood-
enware. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., S
Staves and headings. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S
Wood pulp-
Chemically prepared pulp.... . . . . . . . .. . .

cwt.
$
Chemical pulp, sulphate (kraft)... ... . . .. cwt.
$
Chemical, sulphi te, bleached...... . . . . . . . cwt.
$
Chemical pulp, sulphi te, unbleached. '" .. cwt.
S
Mechanically ground pulp. . . . . . . . . . . .. cwt.
S
S
$
S
$
S

35
36
37
38
39

Other manufactures of wood-
Furniture...... . .. .. .... ... ... .... .. .
Handles, all kinds... ... ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

latches. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spool wood. . . . .. . . . .. ......... . - . . . .
All other manufactures of wood. . . .. . . . .

Total wood, wood products and
paper.................. ........ S

U ni ted
Kingdom.

28,894
56,500
3,678
170

8,772
88,637
2,211,263
32,854
849,900
18,168
393,353

101,306
248,352
2,900

586,527

1918.

United
States.

337,585
37,905
212,137
144,409
6,208

135,305
172,314

165,861
46,137
987,620
1 , 087, 624
25,817,367
42,914
895,895

276

724
51,067
46,936
2,322
37,406
85,027
539,749
1,695,099
5,976
109,631
1,896,343
5,257,483
24,677
17,894
70,920
1,002,127
8,339,278
615

All
Countries.

337,585
66,799
271 , 251
148,967
29,876

137,063
172,494

175,469
162,345
3,829,622
1,190,706
28,305,458
69,699
1,472,558

102, 682
317,627
50,486
7,856
37,417
85,066
548,247
1,714,402
11,617
116,307
1,914,154
5,292,306
691,444
18,028
71,749
1,002,127
8,339,278
615

4,-191,891 U,617,U3 51;;'83.28"

110
9,898
343,486
1,603,738

49,906

86,553
124,714

19,318
287
67,632
4,681,728
16,171,096

4,311,694
6,487,079
28,119

2,159
7,724
171 , 995

35,244
2,239
85,310
5,385,010
19,133,813

4,311,694
6,487,079
247,871

45,935
94,415
395,409

United
Kingdom.

62,699

4,284
4,566

291

70,062
3,682,438-
35,032
1,128,285-
5,103
161,939

281,141
3,658,588-

2,562
3,788

194,464

9.182,051

465
11, 184
140,364
611,399

2,528
3,033
4,028

1,576
54,212
158,709

7.113.584 100 521 429 116.384.81-1 11.123,821

EÀP(}RTS nF C.-LV tD.t

:{t).')

t..-t
\ports of CanadK to . nlt('d KlnJltdom. "nlt..(1 statrs and .\11 ('ountrlt.
In quantUI.... and
l' lurs It)' rlas!'o(''' of bonn' I_rod......, In the four O..('al y,,'ars 191"-1921.-con.

1919, 19?0. 1921.
--- -- No
{ nitt.'d "-II e ni {ed t.nited -\11 (; ni tell Uniteù \11
States. Countries. Kingùom.
tßt
. Countrie", Kingdom.
tRh'8. Count ries.
---

, . , 41 :438 ,- J . , ,- . , . . -- , . .
34,261 - - - - - -
863,173 1. 100, 899 - - - - - -
- - 10,49ö 693 26,078 3,391 3,723 34,b92
- - 330 , ß!15 18,194 777, 177 16:},45H 10:; , 824 1,29J,524
- - 9,55; 11-1 9,671 1,9tJI 77 2,042
93,i \.13'; bW,5û6 2,338 8t>7,904 215,6.31 3. 5&j 21!I, 653
213,63R: 1,401,936 275,913 '\.3 , 263 50,J, U
I 246,29; 53,757 319,55

73, 070 1 3,731,6.). 303,bOO 4;,4
1 360,48; 114,0.35 136,241 2HI,6ð.1
5S6 17,2,jl' 26,337 5, Itl:. 81,11.')4 7\.1,550 8,IOJ 212,OS7
:i,1, 40; i 35,559 - t:? , 634 1 - - - -
104.904 105,451 - 42,760 - R,1S0 8,706
305,134 1 :; lJ
, ,I)
)O - 820,971 1'I:H,3.U 7 414,Ob7 421) , 644
t ,OO9.S
I , 023, 5 '\s - 3,633,363 3,6bS.511 65 3,636,9:!4 3,767,830
3,MI 9,05ò I:H,734 2,855 145,178 42,741 16.174 75,32...
246,64; 2,16,002 14, 779 312.303 34:i ,492 11,315 539,512 576,4R3
1,860,475 1. bSl, 19:; 419 2,OS6,773 2,106,373 32 1,796,865 I , 831 , 65
1
5, \.151. 9
0 5, iI!I,;, 3.>3 2,722 lO,775,OlX 1O,M8.Ö02 199 9,058,127 9.2:m.5kl
144, 121 475,460 233,292 180,279 517,417 203,072 90.262 1, 06S, 390
14,477 14,6.3 - 15,34ð 15,
9 - 29.025 29,368
73, 124 74,477 - 61,743 65,454 - 116,471 liS, 973
1,5n;,04:? 1, 5H7, 042 - f,:
'\, 732 R3
,732 - 1,615.467 1,615.467
J5,3
6, 600 15, 3>>6, fiOOl - 8.454,803 8,454.
3 - 21,513,594 21,513,594
24,21)9 1)4,269 - 18,550 18.550 - 37.010 37,010
--

7.36G ')07 70 ,1"0 3:U ;10,2G,),S."i
ìO,
Oì ,2'!O 10,) '153,'
O 2:1. '!3G.12.ï 1\3. 9.j7 .3:J
1t
,6S..t75
46,529 50,540 300 4,631 22,851 200 45,661 52,934
369 4,870 8,960 2.965 43. /:1M 9,920 15.531 49,701
101,551 13:3 , 262 80,905 58,761 156,311 29,945 1 10:;,699 198,356
7.414,825 8,332,930 - - - - - -
26,256,265 30,226,856 - - - - - -
- - 1, UM, 2,437, 9
li 2,518,022 - 2,32
,839 2,354,OO:?
- - 4,890 7,997, 016 1 8,327,045 - 12,046,063 12,160,73,1
- - 151,
9 876,!15!1 1,220,71).t 27,906 1,606,834 1 . 941 , 922
- - 61O,IS9 4,683, 160 1 6,291,452 264.581 12,820.526 15,195.065
- - 69:3, I:i6 3,515,7
1 4.86:3, 156 835,891 3,531,1
4 4,7K5.040
- - 2,597,040 12,870,.06 IS,381,566 4,160,567 21,5
3,349 27,704,419
3.453,14\:1 3,50ð,726 1,938,225 4.045,3N> 6.787,640 1,397,78J 3,240,633 5,2S2,042
4,418.555 4.4.
,915 l,b02,281 5,765,871 8,383,419 3,472,454 11.516,607 16,-131,818
16.14b 155,2,)4 263,157 24,666 563,3.9 271,729 ;)..939 804 , 964
- - bl.271 44,ï74 133,585 22,035 86,076 137,98S
3,331\ 113,405 191 8 74,U65 l,ð56 9 121,1:;7
42,291'\ 96, ö:i5 'i
6,655 57,IW' 853, &H ;64, :W3 {)9,328 863.531
257,778 656,658 599,239 648,490 1,4.1,4
6 494,678 914.118 2,051,819
127,399.SìO l.i!
69,15tl 12,0%6
2 153,68S,U.O 213,913,91 I .IG, 751,381 I Uii,97 ;;,G

' I,iiG 1, m I
I

I fii . 9:?6 163,92b 1,-,,,,,915
22,477 22, t\til 19,3:?6
101.017 10:;,217 526,377 54i,815 -. 471i,643
124.624 IM,32:i 60,529 1 !ilj , 669
:?
.59
95,.)I
219,791
6:i, 709 65 ,
Ili;) 300 179, 728 181. 26.3 2S4 1 IS7,924
14....468 1.'">'1,767 208,8J8 650,205
61. 407 305,00-1 1 346, r
gl
3,206 34. 1 167 I , Oti9 26, 404
I, 141, 135 1,1

, 9(J5 1, q).t , 7
5
212.092 24-1, 154 112.
04 118, H5t) 251,950
13
,154 14 () , :t
O 204 . Obö 209.21\6 4'\7,424
910.467 325,512 I, 2,
5, 979 912,1:
li 1.401,21ml
2:'$,531 243,171 '\ 14 ,

t3 2

t , 901J 1 , 104 ,
O2 I . 30.3, Wti 1.:
96,:

5:?,20

1,350,321
1,070,ISS
30 S98 609

l:i5, 0
2
5 . .';4 7, 24:J
1. 150.923
3-1 057271

1,301. :;65
44 S74 541

2 . 08.1) , 2ti2
7;; ')It> 193

4:!'\.05Y
20,449 773

1. 061, 977
4.') 107 4')0)

703.765
26 41913 4M

1,'>1'\.91.') .
19,561 1 2
4
t , 09.
320.77:ï 3
192 . 54,1' t
652,5141 ,')
23, 26 I
2, 0:!2, 761' ì
27;;,4: i4 1
490. 35\J 8
2, 54,j, 2.')11 9
3,273,7;'I . IU .
1 , 604 . 463,
71 079 29,5

I

13
II

I;)
I 1&

Ii
.

It
20
21
2

'!:

."

%.i

2'

27
28
29
30
31
32
3:1
:u

35
3S
37
3"
39

366

TRADE AND C01
fMERCE

to.-Exports of Canada to United Kln
dom, United States and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

1
2

v. Iron and Its products.
Chromite (chromic iron)........ . .... . . .
Iron ore.....

Agricul tural implements-
3 Cream separators and parts of. . . . . . . .. . . .
4 Harvesters and binders........ ..... . .. .

5 Hay rakes......... . .. .

6 Mowing machines. . . . . . . . . .. . .

7 Reapers... . .. .. " .... . . .. ....... ..... ..
8 CuI tivators. . . .

9 Drills.

10 Harrows........

11 Ploughs and parts of. . . . . .
12 Seeders........ . .. . . .. .
13 Garden and farm tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H Spades and shovels.. . .. ......
15 Threshing machines, separators and parts
of., _.....' _ _......... _ _ _ _' . . - ....
16 Other agricul tural implements and ma-
chines... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . . -
17 Parts of agricultural implements and ma-
chines... . . . . . .

Total agriculturallmpJements.

Engines-
18 Gasoline engines and parts of. . . . . . . .
19 Locomotives and parts of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Hardware and cutlery-
20 Bol ts and nuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

21
22
23
24
25
26

. cwt.
$
Cutlery........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Hardware, n.o.p. . . . . . _ _ . .. ........ - S
Nail'S, brads, spikes and tacks, all kinds. cwt.
$
Nails, wire........... .............. .... cwt.
S
$
$
Total hardware and cutler)'....... $

Needles and pins, all kinds. .
Screws, all kinds. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

[achinery (except agricul tural)-
27 Adding and calculating machines. . . . . . . .
28 Lawn mowers. .. . ..... .. . . . . . .
29 Linotype machines and parts of.
30 Sewing machines and parts of. . . . .
31 Typewriters... . . . . . . . .
32 Washing machines, domestic and wringers
33 Other machinery and parts of, n.o.p.. . .

Total machinery (except agricul-
tural). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S

S
No.
S
No.
$
No.
$
No.

No.
S
No.
S
No.
S
$
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

No.
$
No.
S

$
No.
S
$
$
No.
S
$
S

U ni ted
Kingdom.

ton
S
ton
S

3,463
398,990
424
8,977
2,598
107,775
26
1,730
1,161
31,702
4,914
337,728
1,046
17,261
516,884

127,069
289,788
1,831,904

8,128

319,906

319,90G

6,026
1, 163
49,060

896,666

951,752

1918.

United
States.

All U ni ted
Countries. Kingdom.

17,422
327,441
157,912
670,321

72,854
2.1
12,861
7
214
31
1,457

162
7,120
74
7,154
1,027
33,365
15,847
850

14,716
49,084
138,803
35J,325

37
10,551

188,274

I
S,274

3,336
29,589
102
6,435
585
1,549,484

1,589, 429 1

17,422
327,441
157,912
670,321

116,278
7,065
867,294
3,744
95,713
10,061
445,038
1,039
69,621
6,463
18;;,349
9,203
537,317
3,969
91,008
1,197,631
850

274,764
312,926
990,010
5,183,799

172,024

1,071,974

1,071,974

6,852
154,907
1,974
82,833
7,470
2,921,581

5,436
986 , 454
81
2,807
1,218
78,118

602
32,462
8,379
763,854
3,053
8g,227
786,944

289,046
277,604
3,306,516

1
627

901,418

268,527
1,679,334

2,580,752

31,572
3,413
208,229
15
131,018

3,173,613 370.831

EXPURTS OF CANAlJ..1

t..- J:xl)orts of ('anada to t nlff'd hlna-dom, "nlh'd :"\tatrs and \11 ('ollntrlr
In (11I&lltities and
falllcS by clas 'cs uf home produce In tbe four fiscal )urs 1915-J921.-con.

1919. 1920. 1921.
Pnitptl I \11 P ß1 tt.d rnited All rnit('(t U ni ted All

tat
. Countries. Kingdom. States. Countries. Kin
doID . States. Countries.
I
15.639 15.6
3 - 6.845 6.845 - 8. 24ti 8, :?tf'
372.767 372.767 - 127 . :

lti 127.3!16 - 151.71)9 1.11. it)!!
1:41.691 131. 6!H - 7,4
7,11\5 - 17,972 17,972
671.195 671. HI5 - 32,421 32,421 - 93.197 93,HI7
40, AA6 1
5. 910 '\(1 12S.S7j 25
I, 5J!1 2 . b.1S 7X.675 1.')7.208
29
.363 700 2.071 14,674 I. 4 "Ii I . 8.15 13.413
5.0M 1,524,442 132,301 4:37,222 2,
!I
,OOO 3011,

J 3S
I, 92ö 2, 8.?û ,li,')7
13 1,
9 ))1 17 1.813 240 2b3 3,815
465 i8.262 3.h7b 636 62.630 :J,J5\ 22.712 16'i.4.')3
15 11,571 442 16 13, 17h 1 , 102 2,5
I:
, 7û6
94f 760.
2
I, hû9 1,110 S54.8Jl 78.367 209,472 1,00.3, 4.

- 4,')7 10 - 1,691 2.1 - I, itil
- 39,5n 1. 090 - lß9.353 2.996 - 2O.t.3S1
140 8 . s.

20'2 Q()() 7.326 Ion 8!1:l 7. 11;0
12.257 4.')0.367 10.419 i'S.714 442.214 6,476 94.273 \S. 133
))1 II . I i'2 495 125 2.&0 SO 30 2.074
6, 1)86 1. ro I. 992 57,ti56 19,675 32R.941 10. IIi' 4.237 "21.Mi
739 10 . 3
ltì 2. 1!l7 I . 24;
9,124 I. 059 726 II .809
28. 96.1) 227,7ti9 62.060 4
. MS 325.211 19.20
43.87h 355.339
ii'.574 2,436,34; 6.57.421 670.6
5 2,4
1:
.714 441. 7
ti 1 , 199.839 3,621\.386
- 3,491 5,430 - 38.U72 - 1,267 27.291
- - 91,531; 8,

t! 325.2hl 82. 735 7ú6 2R9.679
- - 3
66.309 26-"I.llx 562 116,OO!1 25.';.001
17,529 602.597 3,135 I , 5!17 , 4\1
1.975,54!. 4.038 8<>>.648 SI
,052
33,989 516,151 4J, 785 35,142 244 , 03
91,00:J 76.441 514.313
4S,545 914.214 04.745 191,572 928.029 133,006 396,1&1 1.3Ii7,1'('
2n.
7 8, '\on.
t.l 1.19.1.....1 3...
..t. " 11.1",1 1,1
,O75 3. :131, 1-19 U.527,373
90 1.479 341 42 3,1& 109 81 7....
2'i.504 2t}(),79i 611'b
1 9,263 1,201, S47 I.?O. 4:i4 48.400 262,775
- - 10 150 - 2 6

- - 97, li5 6.606.233 - 27,960 3.4i2,5t 1 4
- - 7,7hb 937 II . 839 15.858 4.012 32,1!17
- - 64.446 12,03:j 110.554 174,555 29,302 344.877
- - 2.01l.9HI 651 2,i20,920 1,435,093 9.342 1,535,106
439,985 2,631,893 578,620 53,Oh7 bð5.410 13:i,l.I44 14.5, 733 6!j7.9
3
- - 67,4:!0 14,247 14.5,349 17,5
7 10.182 ti7,638
- - 3S
.145 95, 168 8S.J, 781 137,479 75,745 677.172
39, IS! . 762,898 173,682 204,041 550,014 303,762 144,574 604,713
213'1
LI 4,898,Sb5 919,226 1 , ros, 3.j9 2,945,137 1,907,8tH l 938.777 3,871,470
- 12,386 65.841 124.422 1,774 55.047 85.3:j5
- 36,22S 565 60,602 76. 452 1 664 120.098
6.):J .l.),j 7 ,5:jO, 77
t, on, 0-10 I. .j').j ,6-' I 7, ,:jO.
. 5 3.
67, 161 1,2..-1,510 7, :çJ2, U-ll
- - - - - 71,907 5.208 3913,507
- - 7,437 - 8.005 20,838 1 21. 952
- - 42. 189 - 46,451 1l0,5W 5 120,229
6,995 II . 087 - 25,794 1 27.476 5.000 3.998 20.210
138,346 182,514 71,796 93,403 725,853 117 358' 99,670 896.98S
65 4,035 2,318 52 3,245 2:406 1 49 3.97H
10.353 256, :!
.5 184,046 7,15ö 2bO,627 203,080' 5.571 332.720
137 13,172 36,306 12.003 56,569 182.278 3,843 195.0i9
5.247,911 5,983,142 . 497,174 3,974,727 5,2!J9,615 734,474 1,1135,73"1 3,807,755
5. ,10.3, ;-12 1,4-16,200
n.5t1 ",113,O
;; 5,416. ;)911 1. t2-1.I!K 5, 769,-i

I I I 2.05c1.Ø3fJ 1

3ti7

!'t; 0 .

1
2

3
4
:)
.
7
8
I

10
11
12

11
H
15
11
17

18
.1

20
21
2"

2:1
2-1

2.i
2i

27
2

29
30
31
32
33

368

TRADE AND COJIJIERCE

10.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom 9 United states and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the Cour fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

V. Iron and Its products-con.
Rolling mill products-
1 Bars and rods. . . . _ ...............

ton
$
ton
$
$
ton
$
$
.., $

2
3
4
5

Rails. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

::\Ietallic shingles and laths and corrugated
roofing. ...........
Structural steel. . . .. . . . .

Tubing and pipe. .
Total roUlng mill products...

Smel ted products-
6 Billets, ingots and blooms
i Ferro-silicon, etc...... . _
8 Pig iron.. . . .. .. .....

Total, smelted products. .. . .

Vehicles, chiefly of iron-
S Automobiles, freight. . . . . . ..
10 Automobiles, passenger.._
n Automobiles, parts of..... .
13 Bicycles and parts of. .. .... . . . . . . . . . .
Cars and coaches, railway, and parts of. .
14 Other vehicles, n.o.p. .. . .. . ... . .

Total vehicles, chiefly of iron.. .. ... $
Wire-
15 Wire, barbed... . .

16
1i

... cwt.
$
$
$
.. $

Wire, woven fencing............
Other wire, n.o.p. . . .

Total wire.......

Other iron and steel products-
18 Castings, n.o.p.... .. . . .. . . . . . $
19 Forgings. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
20 Furni ture. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
21 Guns, rifles and firearms, all kinds. . . . . .. $
22 Lamp and lanterns.. .. " $
23 Scales and weighing beams........ .. .. ... $
24 Scrap iron and steel. . . . . . . . . . . . $

Stoves, all kinds. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. $
Tinware. . . . . _ _. .. _ _ '. _ . . - - $
27 Tools, hand or machine, n.o.p... . . . . . . . .. $
28 Other manufactures of iron and steel,n.o.p. $
Total iron and its products.. . . . . $

VI. Non-ferrous metals and their products.
29 Aluminum in bard, blocks, etc........ ... . ., cwt.
$
$
. cwt.
$

30 Aluminum, manufactures of.... . . . . . . . ..
31 Arsenic and its products.... _...._

Brass and its products-
32 Brass, old and scrap. . . _

33
3t

. cwt.
$
cwt.
$
S
Total brass and its products.... ... $

Brass rods, sheets, tubing, etc. _ _ . . _ _ ..

Brass valves........ .... ...

1Includes value of wire nails.

1918.

U ni ted United All United
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.

6,185
440,225
3,075
153,067

593, 29

ton
$
ton
$
ton
$
$

212
13,759
16,498
1,404,088

1,!17,8!7

o. 1

o.

$
$
$
$

5
6,250
52,223
16,332

1,022,035
1,09\;,810

} 3,013,727 1
J

3,013,727

911,020
52,085

14,530

641,088
717,078
11,575,497

213,427
7,502,963
11 , 622

5,059
363,442
7,944
264,710
812

633,964

47,128
1,858,761
8,623
536,682
9,027
318,741
2,714,18-1

82
52,678
141,393
6,151

747,254

74,524
7,716,318
29,062
1,682,630
37,179

9,436,127

53,660
2,299,378
29,643
2,436,752
10,535
417,507
5,153,637

8,447
3,807,278
1,557,712
69,077

13,375,539

2,878
172,398

3,261

175,659

13
638
12,540
1,898,030

1,898,668

1,472
713,920
8,708

917,476 18,809,606 1,607,228

884,600

120,804 1

120,801

300

650,709

415,288
17,649

1,717,415
9,686
13,752
119,737
1,623,870
12,124,875

287
17,206
6,802
45,702
549,261

521,108
8,083,864

8,083,86t

8,949,304 1

8,9!9,301

662,840

1,326,796
96,553
1,756,657
49,895
8.3,518
1,101,960
6,811,128
6.J ,837 , 223

215,740
7,581,838
46,415
41),702
549,261
521,108
8,083,864

8,081,861

16,507
315,497
332 , OO!.

100,79.1)
13,394

6,027
3,381
583,600
336,368

11,315,853

76,612
2,505,444
5,990

18,80.3
508,860

508,860

EXPORTS OF C,1.N iliA

3t.>!f

18.- J:XIÞOf(S or C .mada to ("nlh'd h.ln
dolli. I nl(,'d
tah'
and .\11 Countrlrs in qu.mtHI..s .nul
,alue" It) classrs of bome IÞrodurf In tbe fOUf "'O('al ) ears 191
-19
1.-con.

1919. 1920. 1
21.
No.
l'nited All .. ni ted Fnlt('(l \11 t nl t('(1 {"nited All
o:;tatcs. Countries. Kinu;dom. Statcl:J. CountriOb. l\: in
dolll. :'tatp<3. Countri(,:i.
11."':J
9
,995 24,4:--.. 10,911 52 , 50:i
9,h
.') 4, 17
69,310 1
i;)!), I,'}O 7,M4,OO4 1,375,212 5
2,213 3,012,635 2,597,318 2!13, 715 4,872,203
",51)3 12,
'i
- 12, :!.t.') 1t,!I1;} - 10,:?ü7 5.'),8.i2

:!)'\!,752 tJ
, 2,'}7 - 1St, Rô l ) 1,4')
,tH3 - 1. ,'}!).') , 714 2,4-ti,t'.iJ
t31 17,

2 133 32,217 - 9,4')9 72.R7ì :I
- - - 5,nOO 6,711i - 1 , WO 3.51\.') 1
- - - 377, 1!12 5ì5, W:J - li2,OI.,) 421.11,5
- - 439,8
2 211,7t19 2,3:?j,36
34>,553 137,22-1 3, lOti, 170 :;
---
I .
II... G:J3 d, 1
,911 l,ðl.;,I\f I,
,"'ufi 7.I'Þ ,:'&17 2, 91'
.t';1
. '!fl.'\, 1.;; 10. 9
3.
fj!1
29,123 51,164 26,415 21 ,40Q 4'J.606 49,13ì 1,7...7 50,H:?.') 6
1.203.04;) 2.270.i21 1.213,OtH 1 . 4n
J. Ii'" 2,717.220 2. 8O!.j.01.i 1O:i,4:?,) 2.912,171
7,4!'3 21,621 .) .).. IS,-I.;- 2.3,776 1.34-1 16,7-1' 21.01.') 7
_,_oJ.)
;"li.OOb 2,lI20,
:'>J 147,317 bh3. 240 1. 22.J. 61,'}
!.3fJ 8
'I.7H 1. O.,)!I. 5ìti
1,67i 4,)'\'\2 - h,-),62.,) !)J. ;,.t I 1'),9fL .')1,221 iO, 1 uO g
.tj,604 313,5UO - 2,4t1j,8.Y' 2.fi.H.ðJJ 7i:),413 1, 8."):? 51\1 2 c'v I. 15:i
- - -
I.
"1 &. G.').Þ d,20...IU 1.3uu.3;
I..... :''1 ',,þ!Jd.
:C.fiìO.79! 2. ì"iCf.1.'i' . lill';. '!Oll
- 4,2, 10 1
7 2,5f,i 42.") I. -t. I
3 fil!! 4 9
7,5UI I,Jl:C.7iO 426,M'I 32, j III :?, 211, aL 643. ':-1 1 3,7.')0 2. 602 ,
"i:i
52 11,613
07 83 20,373 1,.
1o ill 15,6_0 1fJ

9,
H5 5, !\S!I . 00'\
Iüì , tti5 62,41i3 12. tJì:?2n 1,-I.!l,5-t
1. 0:J7, 3"\ 11 . J76, 2fi

2.273 1.55:?,2H6 1 , 9:U. 2(,,) 3,')2,471 :i . 0 7, -I i.' 86. I:
i l,biO,O., ... 2u:?, 32.1 11
3,226 105.375 20.1i6 4.6b'-. 131.0
26.300 2 . 5.')11 :?2!J.42i I

- - - Ih,21" 1. i02.0.}
- 1
,4"7 !I.i'I,3:m 1=1
:.06,20-1 13.776.252 2,7!).') 11:
, 6i:>1 li3.50;; 36,6il 2i7,112 3J,'},902 11
_ 5!1,'\. "
I 22, ,:S1, tifH :I, .t'iO, .').'ill ':;'\I.O')J J !I . 9:J.j, ; 11 , % :Þ 1.i 3, 0 3S' 19.
O,l1-
- 21.276 5,603 l:-- n 1
,946 - 1 1!},,'}13 1.;
- l31U
5 ì 30,H5S 63!1 77, fit!) - 12 1:i-l.1'-.7
Y.394 -to,40li 5O.
101 9,il:? %,241 105. ì!l:J 8.7-12 HI, W7 16
12-1,370 2,711,040 b57,604 2'i7,S7J 1 , f,25 , 3J.1 6_9,062 4
7, 5iü 1. m.l2, 7U7 tì
I.
.s, ;61,
,
. U, ,sQ;} 9;
, !lì2 :!...
.
I I. 7!JS. 2'!' 7:11 .....j.; 196,.:JtJ 2,2;1 1.)1
434,195 44S.Oð7 I

:..877 OJ . 4.35 19,R13 ....06. !.iü M,j, ï:
6 l'
4,64

- - 2,372 l,boi,176 l,b71. itl!J li.306
6,23!1 86.3, 54S 19
- - 16,141 1,0'6 50,4i.j 41 . lIï8 2,567 114.247 .0
1,229,653 1.860.2i9 2.283 l,ðò5.590 1.868,477 20,674 3,869 31,207 21
16,910 91,325 h.J,237 7.637 103,401 :!ü,0l4 7,2.i2 67.907 2:?
- - 22,271 3:?,5:J4 lOti. 501 14,41:i 21. !11.i l1:J.IW
:C
1,2ii,131 1, '>S:? 82.3 Ï7
, 132 3,4
tI,794 4,300.663 150,6i7 1. 2.il, 7S7 1,442.747 21
24.154 87.2i5 24, 163 42.&'\6 15:?lb7 12, hli 3-1. 79:3 141,161 2.')
2,412 210.002 12,714 2,453 42.961 4.ji)6 55.
n.445 26
h15.612 2.132.671 1:
6, .')22 b1 , 228 661.651 H3,139 75,
63 S3
. 9fj7 %7
7,1:\"4,73b 12,335,933 478,519 1,629.0öð 2,67i.812 1. 0:i9, 0,..; i.')O, :i75 3,O:j
.t.i9l 28
n, G96. $-1,') fst, !nu. .'::6 1..," it .1.); ".!;). ;11,121
I, ;
.')
'

I 17,6.j3,b.'6 19.G30,1l3 76.:ïOO.;!1
61.441 202, 8.19 54.669 120.073 192.06fl 3tì. 2ð8 98,Ii78 140.051 29
2.0i8.641 6,71:!.053 1,609,310 3.562,112 5,6S0,871 1,154,260 3,138.471 4.417.mt9
138.413 189.704 1,372 5.3.77b 64 . 31)4 2,037 29. 119 228.820 :iO
54, 603 54,625 3,934 47,393 51.780' - 20,563 20,563 31
357.
75 35ö, 145 1,75b 365:
!.Il 371, 3
1"j1 - 237.627 2:i7.627
i2.61:\5 72.865 - 91.451 91,512 107 21.335 21,442 3%
1.148.819 1,148,819 - 1,216.263 1,217. !HO 1,176 270.433 271 . 6m
I:!, :JO:J 38 1
'" 75 3,982 5.013 30 30
2 33
313,609 l'03Ú
11 2,680 I01,46i 133. b:W 1.200 1.681 3.t28
- ð6.349 88,
292,3bS 146.490 2,675 324.001 3t
l,t
,t2ð 2, Ik...;ð I b9,O!91 1.-106.315 I,UI, I.'); HS,S6fi 27,1,;1'\9 599,O3

I Î

18-127-24

370 TRADE AND COMMERCE
to.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, United states and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce In the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.
1918.
No. Principal articles by classes.
United United All United
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
VI. Non-ferrous metals and their products-
concluded.
Copper and its products- 775,349
1 Copper, fine, contained in ore, matte, cwt. 135,389 639,960 106,055
regulus, etc. " . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,015,619 9,695,086 10,710,705 818,830
2 Copper, blister, in pigs, bars, sheets, wire,
etc.._.......................... . $ 4,856 7,649,946 7,775,288 -
3 Copper, pig, old and scrap. . ..... .. . . . . . ., cwt. - 111,999 111,999 -
S - 3,090,618 3,090,618 -
Total copper and its products..... $ 1,020,475 20, 435, 6.i0 21,576,611 818,830
Lead and its products-
4 Lead, metallic, contained in ore, etc. . .. cwt. - 93,778 93,778 -
$ - 556,669 556,669 -
Q Lead in pigs, etc. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. cwt. - 68,093 68,105 9,470
$ - 449,375 449,601 69,303
Totallead........ .. . . .. ... .. . . . .. ... cwt. - 161,871 161.883 9,470
$ - 1,006,270 1,006,270 69,303
Nickle, cobal t and their products- lb.
6 Cobal t metallic. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 67,491 228,227 295,718 43,255
$ 158,837 388,820 547,657 105,421
7 Cobalt, alloys. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . ...... . lb. 33, 170 825 67,714 38,824
$ 134,496 3,306 273,449 158,376
8 Nickel, fine, contained in ore, matte or cwt. 96,198 730,873 827,071 104, 601
species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,450,078 7,453,831 8,903,909 1,540,803
9 Nickel, fine.................. ... ...... . .. cwt. 2,633 795 3.428 18,845
$ , 112,839 12, 787 125,626 693,743
Total nickel. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 1,856,250 1,858,74,( 9,850,6Jl 2,t98,343
Precious metals and their products-
10 Gold bearing quartz, nuggets, etc. . . _ $ - 13,684,514 13,688,700 -
11 Silver contained in ore, concentrates, etc. oz. 9,126 4,251,760 4,420,453 -
$ 7,242 3,363,118 3,490,554 -
12 Silver bullion. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . oz. 10,839,714 4,319,891 17,540,374 10,243,363
$ 9,115,940 3,792,319 14,938,017 10,241,434
13 Other articles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i 14,288 298,426 312,714 18,000
Total precious metals and their
products........ . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,131,410 21,138,311 32,,129,985 10,259,434.
14 Zinc and its products. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . $ - 431,369 431,369 -
15 Electric apparatus.... ........ . . ...... ..... $ 118,939 451,525 2,166,961 31,869
16 Other non-ferrous metal products. ..... .. . . . $ 2,458,415 1,022,771 6,349,214 2,252,370
Total non-ferrous metals and their
products......... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 22,126,491 61,001,613 90,072,t
9 18,950,443
\ II. Non-metallic minerals and their producb
17 Clay and clay products..... ....... ........ $ 169 118,947 129,569 1,020
Coal and its products-
18 Coal.................................. . ton 146,760 1,291,384 1,902,010 147,062
$ 937,884 5,276,770 8,684,038 1,069,395
19 Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -.... .. .. . - .. . . - . ton - 25,976 26,013 -
$ - 165,555 165,756 -
20 Tar and pitch...... ...... ....... ... .. . gal. - - - -
$ - - - -
21 Cinders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ - 9,262 9,262 -
Total coal and Its products. ...... $ 937,881 5,451,587 8,1),)9,056 I,U69,395
22 Graphi te and its products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 564 341,017 341,907 7
23 Mica and its products. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . $ 5,552 450,908 456,581 55,051
Petroleum and its products-
24 Oil, coal and kerosene, refined. . . . . . . . . . . gal. 240 46 22,600 1,525,753
$ 84 8 6,073 144,844
2S OiJ, coal and kerosene, crude... . . . . . .. . . . gal. - 58,024 58, 024 13,940
$ - 5,485 5,485 2,594

BJt.PORTS or CANADA

371

to.- t:tl)orb of ('auada to \ nitt'., h.lnt!.'um. ( ultt..)
taU's .nul \11 {'ullllIrlt'!- In flll:mCHlcs .:uul
\aIm's b) cla

e" uf home produce In the four fiscal )urs 1915-19. Þ l. --cun.

1919. 1920. . 1921.

o.
enited All Fnitcù rnited All Umtcd {Tnitcd All
:'tlltes. Countric
. Kingdom.
tat(' . Countries. Kinp;dom. Stateä. Countries.
I
5.30,069 6.36,124 25,6
4 394,3!1!1 4
O,O
3 Si,M2 27",6:\i 3tì 1 , 67!} I
;,
6.j, 361 8,&4,I!11 1!1
,244 5,060,974 5:253,218 w3,78O 3,6S:1,192 4, 336,
172
11,671,317 11,7Hì,0--.1 '2S7, fi07 6,727,207 8,06;),027 635,;)12 7,664,
!l1 8,000, :m3 2
31,9b3 31, !}S3 20, 70.') 11 ,3J6 32,554 - 5,2"!1 5,:?'i!J 3
j 0,905 590,905 31:)6,7....6 165,571 561,0"7 - 7b,814 76,'\14
I
20,t30,6S3 %0,191,1.9 ",137 11, '53, 75'
13,879, 3 1, 'þ ',. ')9
Jt,11)1.391 13,31:1,0'9
:?25,511 225,511 - 107, 8! , 107, t-!14 - ï-l,6m 74,liO:1 4
1.2
h,OSO I, 2'\11, fJ
- 506, ;h!1 50tì , 7s!. - 358,978 35i,97

11 , 141 27,tlOS 71,416 16,679 1O.!,O13 - 1 :16,50.') 5

J , 4h" 368,b67 537,551 72 , 240 6"6,35,,) - 17 166,li78
:?:CG, '.').! 1
.:3.119 ,.!I, ! !'. I
I..').:C
9. to; - 71,4int 111, III"
t. :U.9, 519 I, G.a . 91 Î .Þ.C. .M I ,'i.2, O!I'! 1,1!.:t lit 1 - 3'.',99.. 1 .i
.. , 6.iG
217,8.19 ..87,735 176,495 82,728 260,3-13 22.-Iág I1R,853 l-I
, 4
2 ,
56
,6S
i40,6
6 19:J,252 193,8-14 389,

16 62,1:NI 276, :J72 342.0til
1. 302 57, OM 4,
:;" 2tì7 5,441 9, !I:?!I 1,120 .'),3ï4 '1
5,792 231,990 17,:HO 1,156 19,66.1 49,160 5,374 51,5,
4
Ii".'), 2SS ;.,
I, 8." I 60,:?O3 2.')li,646 3Ifi.849 111 , 1.'\'\ 2{\
, 7x" 40
, 3.H 8
8.444,711i 9, fh5,519 1,226,S'
3,91
,315 5, 14.,).1!1
] ,8m}, {ì!)fi 5,2.'i9,977 7,2:13,925
915 31,755 2.240 117, 172 124.5.j.. 1,209 4:J,4:Jï 61, &16 9
31,395 1,1S4,820 7S,4011 3,615,122 3,
!4,O:?31 42,7
1,522,994 2,171,3tjtj
I
t,050,591 1'Þ ,113, OJ..; I 51.i, i'1ii 1, ,""! !3. I,tb ......0 2,lI.-J, -'Þ9 7,001,717 I, '01 S'6
9, 201, !I
3 9,202,033 - 5.3i6.2S!1 5,9;4.3341 19., 3,036, OS-I 3,03",779 10
3,9i3,695 3,973,695 125,220 2,437,266 2,562,5
- 2,441,270 2 , 441 , 270 11
3,6i7,313 3,677,313 152,154 2,621).-153 2,781, ï05 - 1,
ïO.244 I,S70,2t4
3,851,300 15,i
5,;S3 3,232,9.')1 2,41\7,S73 9,817.0.')8 5,346.464 2,254.931 10,849,7S0 t2
3,862,640 15,842,329 3,653,042 2,779.06i 11 ,4 i:J , S!16 4,401,8.1)2 1,726,602 9,257, IS'

5S. 1O
3i6, 10" 36,350 '.!72,720 30:t,070 1,000 3S I , 3.'),j 3S2, 355 U
.. ,1l10 , Oft .',091";
3,bll, -:16 It , O,H , ;)1)9 "Þð,531, I- t 0.1,011 1,UU,t
,) U,5b,5GG
449,713 44!},713 403,4S3 2:
8,Ml 9,')0 , 0
2 292, 146 86,129 96
,
62 11
433,392 2,167,545 110,531 222,115 424,476 341,003 139,237 651,461 I.')
1,039,260 3,672,013 284,985 74-1,035 1,152,<)02 1S8,516 499,660 887,000 16
5:1.610 ......!. 7',GI., to\;Î I,
'i
, :j".j :n, 911, ,'U 5.. , :U; , t-o:. 8,"';:1,..16 3ft, '!,;. , -I :?fi 46, I'ì.,oot
I
15i,106 171,944 11, 150 196,195 220, ;44 4,678 240,128 323, (89 11
1 , 201 ,395 1,826,6.39 1
0,tJ8,j 1,071.772 2 ,120, 13
hi ,477 1,031,870 2,277,202 1
6,114,931 10,169,722 1,651,lh8 5,700,44] 13,1S:I,66ü 041,29J 6,2S7,861 16,501,47

26,761 26,971 - 17,773 17,872 - 37,790 38,031 19
211,967 214,22S - 161,38ü 162.4...1 - 399,620 402 , 4:15
- - - YÍ\.') , 95
2,644,417 - 73S, 035 8,622,210 20
- - - 46,402 94,202 - 50,400 571,773
'-10 810 - 375 3i5 - 105 105 21
',:I
ì,7U
10,38:1,;60 1,I.)I,I

5,90',60:& 13,UO, 721 1 911,"99 ',737,9S6 17,ti5,.191 1
195,816 195,934 212 113,867 114,105 1,892 31,221 120,473 23
312,603 36
1, 57; 53,411 5ü6,463 774,369 45,0,")0 611 ,023 600,218 23
628,825 2,;42,047 503,2;:,7 1,175,189 2,757,5hl - 215,214 553,566 21
61,079 273,633 40,677 170,764 351, 8
JO - 27,219 79,625
200,59
221,336 510,158 607, MI5 1 , 289, 2.')9 292,936 1,154,627 2,424,142 25
20,535 24.011 32,712 40,Ööt.i M,3ï:1 J
,13.j 144, 1M 295,7b4

IM27-241

372

TRADE AND COJL'fERCE

to.-Etports of Canada to "[Tnited Kingdom, United States and All Countries in quantities and
walues by classes of bome produce in the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-con.

I 1918.
No Principal articles by classes.
United United All United
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
I '"II. Non-n)('tallic minerals and their
products -concluded.
rct'Olcum and its pmducts-ron.
1 Oil, ga
Jline anù naphtha. . g;Þl. - l.i3 12,550 43
$ - 4.5 3,817 15
2 Wax, mineral. . cv. t. 17 ,843 28,440 60,761 17,612
I $ 92,277 lil,614 345,442 168,227
Total petroleum and its products.. $ 9'!,361 1ì7,15
360,817 315,680
:,tone and stone products-
3 Abraf'iycs. . . . $ 4,734 1,688,298 1,694,689 -
4: Building and pRying stone...... $ - 116,174 117,931 -
5 Cement. . . . cwt. - - - -
$ - 7.107 16,909 -
6 Gypsum or plaster, crude.. ton - 200,970 200,970 -
$ - 220,46S 220,468 -
7 Lime...... cwt. - 136,847 138,666 -
:3 - 70,901 72,553 -
8 Plaster of Paris, ground, etc....... $ - 100,nOO 104,827 2,123
9 Sand and gravel. ton - 1,120,197 1,120,271 -
$ - 333,475 333,648 -
10 Other stone products. . . . . . . $ - 2,186 2,186 -
Total stone and stone products $ I 4,731 2,;;
9,.;O9 2,563,2tt 2,123
Asbestos products-
11 Asbestos. ton 9,830 78,203 98,659 10,594-
$ 636,220 3,966,649 5,331,593 899,559
n Asbestos sand and waste. . .. . . . .. . ton 625 41,598 42,440 -
$ 5,881 352,945 361,560 -
13 Asbestos, manufactures of..... $ 5 13,288 56,007 -
Total asbestos products.......... S 612,106 4,332,882 5,749,IS0 899,559
Miscellaneous non-metallic minerals-
1:1 Felùspar. ..... ... . ton - - - -
$ - 81,048 81,048 -
15 Glass and glassware. n.o.p........ $ 352 21,537 54,3ï1 724
16 l\Iagnesi te, crude, refined, etc... . . . . . . 8 - 147,614 147,614 2li
17 Pyrites and sulphur contained in pyrites.. ton - 280,117 280,117 -
$ - 974,715 974,715 -
18 Talc, crude and. refined. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S - 17.5,678 175,954 -
19 Other non-metallic minerals and products S 34 45,608 90,230 10
Total non-metallic minerals and
I their products. -... - -- S 1,683,7 .)Ô U,858,
0'! 19,981,
3G 2,313,59,)
'III. ('hemicals and allied products.
2{) ,-\,{'ids. . . ""'" . . _ ... _ _ . ...... $ - 301 , 893 302,065 -
21 Dyes and tanning materials. . . . . . . . . . $ 29,164 17,218 53,596 9,000
2
Explosives ami cellulose products, n.o.p.... . $ 25,677,440 8,065,629 34,997,155 16,675,17:3
Fertilizer-
23 Ammonia sulphate. .. . . .. . ..... cv.t. 1,658 62,067 201,296 -
$ 4,144 282,521 903,458 -
21 Cyanamid........ .. ...... -..oo.. cwt. - 927,749 927,749 -
S - 2,349,991 2,349,991 -
2,j Other fertilizers, manufactured, n.o.p.. . .. S 2,061 227,055 238,795 5
Total fertilizers....... . ..... .. . $ 6,20,') 2,8:;9,567 3,492,241 5
2{) Paints, pigments and varnishes. . . . . . . . $ 170,437 98,391 768,937 205,ht>9
2ì Soap. " .................. .. ...$ 10, 870 5,921 64,654 455,877
Inorganic chemicals, n.o.p.- 28,415
28 Acetate of lime. . . . . .. . cwt. 36,150 10,336 46,486
$ 143,140 21,353 164,493 145,340
29 Calcium carbide. . . . . . . cwt. 118,833 1,312,271 1,544,396 1.53,979
$ 352,87
3,418,172 4,058,121 578,126
30 Cobal t oxide and cobalt sal ts .................. .. lb. 185,571 314,249 520,615 172,948
$ 270,204 349,205 64S,965 249,523

E
\PUR1':3 UF "'A.lY,.1 D.l

:
7a

10.- .'.1I)orb "r {'anada to ('nlt('<<1 h.ln
dom. .Tnlt('d
tatl"
and _\11 ('ollntrlt's In (Iliantltlt'
.md
\ahll'
h) "'a

l'S of bOlllt' l)rodllc(' In tlat' fUlir .......al )('ar
1!1I
-I!}'!1 -con

.
1919. 19')0. 1921.
-- :\0.
['nitI'<! I All lTnited r ni ted \11 tYnit{'d Pnitcù -\11

Countri
. Kingdom.
tntes. Countries. Kingdom.
tnto8. C'ountri{'
.
I
I
:
75 361,0
1 ðÙ 629,193 1,311,996 - 2:?7,954 319,RS3 I
171 lOti, 4tH 30 1.')4 , 796 351i,:J71i - 5,.719 1 10.1, ,"">>7
29, 411 61,709 2Y 4.5 , 276 49,MO 8,%:1 9.:?lU 2:!,:!
1 2
:
J') , 743 6')0, fffiO '>'j3 351.2S3 3
.005 83,917 75,717 19-1, til2
.u 1, 5:"?" 1,0");).8 ... 73,6i2 711, .09 1.176.6H 115, O.)
:W.':'.
t9 679, ,i!}

2,162,420 2, HìR, 132 8,2
l,4.jQ,07b 1,474,177 16,424 1,901,681 1, f)4 fi , 601 :I
116,500 llð,873 - 3
, 446 4b,206 5,
li.j 37, !I:I" 4....712 .j
- - - - - .
OO 1,
fì!) , 609 2, fì II , 127 .j
2,
!)O 15,945 - 23,ti:--1 61il) , b."4 197 I, U
,471j 2,107,IM)
li!},OI9 69,OJ-I - 1b4,714 164,714 - 2,')J,O!I.' 2.'):J, O!I
,
,...1,7N
:?,047 - :!29,.')21 22!I,521 - 4:?7,O.'):1 4:?7,O,,)3
155,735 155,R77 20 H
, 414 201,92J - 475,'-.1)1 4ï7,5:17 7
li6,919 67,052 25 147,661 15.'),212 - 40J, 25:
411, tiS:

12:?,245 1:?!1.7!1.') 13:? I:H, .')56 141, S70 - lIi3 , 664 2:?2,O15 I'ì
Mì,851 847,851 - 1,075,28:1 1,075,323 - 1,503,57.5 I ,50:3, Wi 9
2:!s,012 2
ð,012 - 13:J,675 133,920 - I!I:I, 113 1 9:
. lIi3 IV
2,692 2,692 &1 19,971 20,
2 - 54.111 M,III
2, ì'\.$, .jb
%, SI
. .i-I'" 9,12'1 :!,II\
,.)t2 2,ðCl..U2 ::I,b"'ti .. , .
:
.i,
!HI .i 110 Þ
-
104,0-11 125,361 7,594 84 , :!:!41 lOa,bM 1:?,4öi 113, !I
.j 15-1,152 11
6,1:;90,724 8,9IO,
1O 766,456 6,506,629 8,532.027 1,337,357 8,036,276 12, :?;.'i, 7!1J
2:1, 729 23,bð3 - 2.J,,)
2:J , jn
1,j,j 36. S21 37, 147 12
2-1fi,831 247,812 - 23.5 , b29 23.'), b2H 3,025 370.721 377,5!lfi
_ 5,402 , 4.'),1-16 5,201 10,119 2J2,316 16, fJ6f} 72,X5f' 321,6!14 13
i.lt2.9.;; t.) 3.1Cb 1ì3.Hi '.i.i2.i'1i '.OOO.1i
J .:I.n .o.i 1 "'.1; 9."'.i3 I
, 9.i,; 1I,:j
- - 1...1 2-1,19S 24,358 - 41 , 272 41,312 11
116,349 116,349 544' 121,7h5 122,32[1 - 2-1
, 054 2-1 !.I , 8,'>-1
12,112 36,145 459, 082 1 J'i,OI
914,447 409,314 230,239 !1:i5,.'>7.) 1.)
7!lti,236 796,262 55,679 2:?b,971 295,395 221,395 127,3:10 355,747 16
237,5h2 237,582 - b3,640 83,&W - 11!1, lOb 119,106 U
!144,267 !44,267 - 375,174 375, 174 - 4.')1:\, 3-10 458,340
206,378 210,531 1,570 232,bð6 235,457 - 201,2"'" 202,923 IS
1:?9,416 IH,Q66 23,435 24,082 65,520 1,872 162, 603 1 175,753 19
19.538.9:J" 26.-111.,)19 3.1
1.l.j1 lì.,to!.ì9"' 30.

9..1:J:S .12;"
u l,2.;i,!II; 10 U:U..i66
75,793 75,857 370,308 21i0, 452 901,397 419,630 310,015 I,OG9,667 !II
10,100 30,190 48,900 5
58,240 31,300 202 :13 , 9.') 7 21
19,2ð9,4b:1 37,506,294 385,281 4,070,595 4,675,047 - 627,401 1,271,70:? %2
8,760 206,319 16,853 32,042 431.362 7,01'12 20,752 300,013 !:

58,101 1,231,524 73,383 15b,322 2,065,106 40, 726 96,144 1,51!I,262
1,037,569 1,037,56!1 - 1,277,319 1,277,319 -
S:?,524 &s3,127
I
2,857,446 2,S5ì,446 - 4,422,797 4,422,797 - 3,01.'),64.') 3,018,0.')7
199,435 23
,01i7 - 200,637 206,134 - 451,253 :).'i,857

3,11t.98") 1.3"1,03; 13.3S.3 4.1ìt,1ã6 6.694.037 40.125 3,
6:i,U"2 1 !1!}3,1ìfi
218,026 1,800,025 'i4d,092 126,901 1,625,41t! 034,409 154,0.')5 1,7,')6,045 2i
529 560,025 219,165 3,886 1,000, 722 24,260 2,474 143,627 27
4,405 43,286 77,2!-12 30,069 133,94ö ,'):
, 147 10,755 80,tl22 tð
8,551 203,084 208,418 59,636 319,182 178,529 30,087 261,57b
947,710 1,18:3,762 151,ü89 632,399 882,510 27,0

973,177 1,086,138 Z9
3,685,436 4,720,783 627,721 2,564,627 3,599,899 110. 390 1 4, l.,)9,h<< 4,618,335
307,073 640,303 163,236 201,449 507,693 171,599 140,115 415,764 30
3S1,058 908,659 263,200 298,708 797,489 399,420 :IOIi. 352 891,045

374

TRADE AND COltfltfERCE

10.-Exports of Canada to United Kingdom, United States and All Countries In quantities and
values by classes of home produce in the four fiscal years 1918-1921.-concluded.

1918.
No. Principal articles by classes.
United United All United
Kingdom. States. Cowtries. Kingdom.
VIn. Chemicals and allied products-con.
Inorganic chemicals, n.o.p..,-concluded.
1 Other inorganic chemicals.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 214,665 121 261,963 25,485
Total inorganic chemicals, n.o.p.... $ 9
0,887 3,788,851 6,133,542 998,-I1!
2 Other chemicals, n.o.p... . .... . . ...... . ... . $ 981,623 1,894,959 3,769,630 1,832,457
Total chemicals and allied products S 27,856,626 17,027,311 48,.)81,823 20,176,8.')';
IX. All other commodities.
3 Amusement and sporting goods.... .... .. . . . $ 14,690 82,292 110,461 39,680
4 Containers-Packages, all kinds, empty... $ 28,333 96,066 146,666 30,280
Household and personal equipment-
5 Brooms and whisks...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 170 - 17,820 -
G Jewellery, all kinds, n.o.p.. . . . . . .. ., .. . . . $ 13,699 34,608 91,479 6,402
'1 Stationery. . . . . . . _ .. _ . _ _ _ a _............... $ 5,458 17,199 128,843 39,300
8 Other articles. . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 18 148,990 182,729 75
Total household and personal
equipment...................... . S 19,3!5 200,797 420,871 45,777
9 Mineral waters. ." . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . S 25 934 14, 946 -
Musical instruments-
10 Organs... .......... .......... ........... No. - 21 277 -
$ - 18,890 33,886 -
11 Pianos. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. t 137 432 -
$ 300 39,013 123,552 -
12 Other and parts of. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 9,532 25,290 101,464 12,972
Total musical instruments........ S 9,S32 83,193 258,902 12,9n
Scientific and educational equipment-
13 Cameras. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. .. $ - - - -
14 Films for photographers' use and for mov-
ing pictures. . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . - . . . . . - - . S 28,477 23,533 142,079 130,953
15 Philosophical and scientific apparatus and
instruments. . . . . , . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 341,799 65,547 464,180 159,954
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 370,276 89,080 606,259 290,907
Ships and vessels-
16 Boats, canoes and parts of. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . - $ - 7,315 21,081 -
17 Gasoline lalU1ches. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . No. 12 6 20 -
$ 360,000 3,096 364,871 -
18 Ships sold to other countries. .. . .. . . . . . . . ton 5,308 5,320 21,005 35,023
S 1,220,000 794,500 5,400,850 15,599,625
Total ships and vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,580,000 80-1,911 :'i,786,802 15,599,62ã
Vehicles, chiefly of wood-
19 Aeroplanes and parts of. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 169,797 3,757,571 3,927,368 1,294,.152
20 Buggies,carriages and parts, carts and
wagons. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 20,576 1,325 39,616 213
Total vehicles, chiefly of wood.. . . . . $ 190,373 3,758,896 3,966,98t 1,29:1,365
21 Paintings. ..... . - . . . . . . . . . . - . - .. .. . . .. . . . . . $ 516 65,757 66,518 4,125
All other commodities, n.o.p.-
22 Brushes, all kinds........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 21, 118 1,011 61,592 3,843
23 Cartridges, gun, rifle and pistol. . . . . . . . . . $ 235,448,415 3,563,407 351,343,138 152,882,900
2i Contractors' outfits.... . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ - 226,871 239,408 -
25 Junk, except metallic and rubber......... cwt. - 16,555 16,561 -
S - 79,213 79,219 -
26 Oil, n.o.p. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. cwt. 55,698 3,486,380 3,759,477 4,164
$ 14,060 736,613 860,777 1,054
21 Settlers' effects...... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 60,820 3,343,409 3,474,046 74,020

8 Other miscellaneous. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 3,880,496 947,630 4,997,180 3,975,912
Total, aU other commodities. . . . . . . $ 241,G
ã,299 H,OðO,082 372,433,769 17
,255,460
Total exports, ('anadiall mdse.... . .. . . . . . $ 845,480,OG9 417,233.287 I,MO,027, 788 540,750,971

EXPORTS OF C LV..tD
l

375

JO. -t:llmrb of (':II1:uI3 to ( nlh'd h.lnl!dom. ( Ilitecl :--tatts amI \11 ('ountrlts In qualltltlts and
tailits b) clas.. 'S of home prod lice In the four ti.
cal ) ear
19L5-1921.-concludod.

1919. 1920. 1921.
No.
e ni ted \ll 'l"nitcd l'nitOO All l' ni too United All

tat('S. Countri{':.. Kingdom. :=; tates. Countries. Kingdom. States. Countries.
-
- 75,39b 9,433 54,4-13 130,372 16,bOO 21,1& 113,910 1
{O"',) Ol.i :i, 'to 7 9't1 lID' n
2 91f" 11. 1 "'.6 91'! ìO.;,U9 .. ';11 :j91 "
'\1 S6'"
3.529,767 6,2-10,302 640.279 1,217,614 2.407. 857 1 1,070,433 2,'>90,627 4.191.&;21 2
30.:113.731 ';6.111.6,; 1 3..)9..1
' 13.137.176 %'..!, I', . 3.
!5,91; 11."6,;,..07 19,3U.j
1
40, ï8S 1
!),374 122 , b59 5O.5
191,86" 32,569 32,323 9R,603l 3
s7,li21 Ih7,34.') 6,:?-t3 8,4"û 39,7iH - 16,063 27,9.3!1 4
:{;) 2-1,530 n,244 145 96,ß40 22,82
161 57,327 ã
17,6ð6 96 , 3:10 206,04lì 15,715 316,802 140,393 20,832 282,6!10 G
W.359 218,791 140.8!1!1 20.070 276,224 105, I:J5 22,tH3 305,6û2 7

,00ð 160,53S 50. &..2 159,977 285, 182 22,4i6 212,0.}.t 32(;, 20!' H
10',U
,""lbU 1 7 IJ.
.,) I 19.').
97 97.'),9 " 2 CI.'w:l :",;).').Gt,O !J, 1.b.'"
37,226 42,919 1,190 052,319 37,046 - 12,7&5 16,4"'0 .
15 236 2Gl 18 737 210 4 589 10
3û,844 52,071 19,747 22,01"" 71,2!}' '>-1,
75 30,u
0 86,221
100 JOI I
S lIiO ib:? 5ð3 104 1, S'i1 11
2S , 3;t
72,4:}(j 55,724 62,378 220,922 HH ,07 J 41,373 487,978
39, i:J3 146,567 9
.)

27,7.)0) 210,Otji 11
,5
; I 46,504 377,127 1%
10:&,909 1 2:1.131 173.1,')3 It
.1t3
O.);!'; . t.t.- JJ 13.,j,j 7 9,') 1 ,:I
6
- - 127.&6 2,352 176,1ö6 215,5.')b 771 244,223 13
1,045,2;0 1,302,&ò 375,101 1,049,993 1,4 0,079 54,8il 2,378,524 2,493,694 1-1
269,491 530,149 167,332 47,323 364,409 105,552 34,546 19J,587 I.)
1..sU...bl I. ",,;s,U'S.. b.u.:S19 t.V'
J.
"4 2.u
6.6;)1 3: .'),9M 2,-II.I.S It
,9:Jì ,,)0 I
31,2;6 56,&19 14,099 10,402 ()5,4:?4 20,818 80,004 129,294 16
2 6 5 11 2,,) - 54 56 11
5,MO 8,3"2 2,175 15, 126 84,h71 - 41, llh 44,718
436 50,86i 49,144 5\9 164,
4"Ì 12, 723 6,531 46,595 18
li
,OOO 21,42:1,3-19 19,ð12,OOO 104,000 50, 248,5b7 4,840,000 1,637,.000 17,175,1203
U6,9,G
1, t..S J..O 19 "),
ìJ t:JO, t).. ')0,:19'\
ti'
..
fiU ...1
1,;60 1:)') 17 ,319,13.i
3,192,086 4,530,2G8 - 8&1,7b4 btrl,784 1, 735 56,502 60,247 19
4,224 64,334 36, 830 5,000 47,195 523 4,007 4,658 20
3,196,313 J,;;'.i,60
36,
30 'i\G'.;
1 911,979 29-2
GO,569 M.90,;
333,261 340,426 23,642 59,356 83,085 17,541 78,432 96,114 21
3,215 93,4ð9 43,344 3,817 125,047 37,122 1,349 214,917

37,855,417 213,432,531 83,2M 7,016,804 7,366,7J3 11,949 1,072 52,674 23
215,720 217,196 - 34.974 34,9i4 3,695 69,700 74.285 .!-&
29,147 29, 14 7 - 74,566 74,566 - 65,956 65,956 2,)
1
.'),480 h5,4
0 - 140,255 140,255 - 184,7S7 1S4.787
979,338 I,Oðl,3'9 - 109,965 165,033 140 91,476 190,036 26
219,20i 250,785 - 25,4i-1 53,593 95 19,929 87,326
4,249.831 4,391,278 788,967 6,587,817 7,631,498 907,729 7,574,512 8,822,207 %7
915,317 7,558,088 579,459 240,174 1,256,921 50,336 150,619 506,857 28
49,0;1'1,130 1 2,),j,517 ,.
I n,
S.:I:J
16,607,9,'),) 71,176,501 6,925,tOI 12,7.')0,UO 32.-I76.9!J,) ,
4;)-1.
.3,1 ;011,216,H,I,
06 ,1"'9,152,;;'17 tb",U
S,1831 1,239,1' .!,O9
312,S"
,921 ;;n,.IUJ,J,)6 1 1,IS!J,163,;OI!

376

TRADE AND COMMERCE

It.-Imports of Canada from tbe United Kingdom, tbe United States and All Countries In
quantities and values b)' classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921.

1918.
No. Principal articles by classes. -
U ni ted U ni ted All 1; ni ted
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
I. "egetable vrodud
(except chemicals, fibres
and wood)
Beverages, distilled and fermented-
Brewed.
1 Ale, porter, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gal. 43,567 55,539 100,723 8,899
$ 44,668 38,000 83,872 10,939
Distilled.
2 Brandy, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . gal. 6,478 10,254 177,708 2,092
S 22,483 20,015 621, 169 8,821
3 Cordials and liqueurs, all kinds.. ..... '.' gal. 5,853 4,203 36,313 2,863
$ 19,126 16,971 94, 1
6 10, 530
4: Gin, all kinds, n.o.p... ".' . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . gal. 58,241 438 189,794 11,721
$ 145,723 751 308,308 50,907
Õ Rum.... '. ...... -.. -...................... gal. 54,857 9,652 160,328 6,067
$ 57,476 9,441 142,308 8,076
6 Vermouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gal. 160 5,876 24,352 4
$ 337 5,777 33,719 6
'1 \Vhiskey... ..... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gal. 598,927 10,992 610,023 204,029
$ 2,137,653 38,219 2,176,280 941,448
8 All spirituous or alcholic liquors, n.o.p.. . gal. 8 1,494 9,327 17
$ 19 1,605 15,787 50
Total distilled beverag(>
.... . ... . . gal. '121,524 12,913 1,208,711 226,793
$ 2,382,817 92,80! 3,393,766 1,019,838
Fermented.
\\loes.
9 Wines, non-sparkling.... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . gal. 21,996 184,573 511,021 4,823
$ 34,610 102,226 486,828 9,121
10 Champagne, and all other sparkling wines
in bottles..... . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doz. - - - 42
$ 5,304 1,317 88,623 295
Total wines...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 39,914 1(13,513 575,451 9,416
Total distilled and fermented
b(>verages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 2,468,546 245,839 4,065,728 1,0-10,193
Fruits, fresh-
11 Apples. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brl. - 426,229 426,229 -
$ - 1,528,660 ' 1,528,660 -
12 Apricots, quinces, etc....... .. .,. ....... lb. - 21,249,285 1 21,256,605 ' -
$ - 691,436 691,654 -
13 Bananas.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . '.' . . . . . . . bunch - 2,143,682 2,143,982 -
$ - 3,280,724 3,280,797 -
14 Cherries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 923,139 923,139 -
$ - 107, 297 107,297 -
15 Cranberries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brl. - 11,504 11 , 504 -
$ - 102,024 102,024 -
16 Grape fruit or shaddocks.............. '.. $ - 4,417,00';'2 4,559,337 2 -
17 Grapes.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 7,200,484 7,200,484 -
$ - 441,937 441,937 -
lh Lemons and limes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 730 697,208 813,271 894
19 Oranges 1 ... . . . . . . , . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ - - - -
29 Peaches.. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 13,451,431 13,451,431 -
$ - 496,873 496,873 -
21 Pears 2 ................ ......... '" ....... lb. - - - -
$ - - - -
22

:

J.

... : : : :
:: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : bu:h. - 316,301 316,422 -
23 - 150,022 150,022 -
$ - 409,097 409,097 -
%i Fruits, other fresh... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 21 720,628 730,408 113
Total fruits, frt'sh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 751 13,209,192 13,477 ,777 1,007
Fruits. dried.-
25 Apricots..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lb. - - - -
$ - - - -
26 Currants. . . .. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 224,247 I, 83.5, 894 -
S - 39,731 252,072 -

Ilncluded with oranges and shaddocks III 1918-19.

2Jnc1uded with apricots, quinces, etc., in 1918-19.

IJt PORTS Oft' C..tN
tD6t

377

11.- hlll)Ort.. of (',macl3 frum tht' -. nHt'tl h.ln
(lolII. the '"nlt,'(1 stah'''' and \II ('ountrll.s In
(,uantHI,'s aud ,alu '.. b) c.'la... cnt,'red for cousllml,tlonlll the fOllr fiscal )cars 191"i-19
1.

1919. 1920.
\ 'nitNl \11 l ni ted l"nited -\11 l nitetl
StateM. ( 'ountries. Kingdom.
tatCd. Countrieb. Kingdom.
h,9!1/1 17, !lO:l 28,192 10,568 3
, 7ô11 59,7s.;
9,399 20,34-1 46, 1:;3 12,b36 5ð,D 9 123,633
3,410 101.416 4,1Ob 3.00.. 14!I, 157 9,012
1
.09
37K.694 29,132 14,133 9ð6.494 96,491
1.465 h.h70 1,694 2.242 10.419 4,351
7,4-H 30,419 10.161 13.13
5:
. 073 62. 556
41 18,ð27 63,734 2.470 Ih,J,I13 l!17,667
:!,;Ii 59,574 301,74:? 9.204 6!19.473 2.026,.>42
3.743 9:? . OOK 23. .;'\0 10.307 214,416 53, 6:JO
4,44!1 84. 2:JO 63,Y51 25.70!I 315.h'" 2ð.....
142
2,40.1 4.1
hÜ6 5,761 1!I,j\77 3,9'\9
4,256 7.44u 4, 55:! HI, oo
70,094 19,!l2b
4,4111
os,675 ...Os,076 53.003 f.,lJl.222 1.1)27,337
34.113 976,700 5.311,4441 110.639 5, 42:J. 636 20.353,00,)
5,497 6.5 S -t, 2 2,467 6,:
97 !I,'}!j
4,974 7,O!Ih l 9 2,63S 17. 1'''1 7,270
20,';7 -In ,6:J:
1m 1 ,ig.. I\U,I.ïl ) ,UI ,601 1,
n ,on
'7,,')90 I ,ii-l I ,2,U
' 5 ,12u ,991 1''>>,369 7,ii6.i,M-I ...
,s..;G,9 .
1:!3.oo5 21',134 10,
!aJ 427,h7'? 693,51'\.1 23,723
102.292 215,b4,j 35,7
6bl,056 1,223,421 129,26.,}
14,1) 2,9';"h I
2, HIO 13,3!1,'} I.R9!

1.373 25, ( 95 7,413 24,-189 267.101 94.D70
--
10.S, . 2-11 ,
-IU -I., , U3 '.,,'a.. 1,-1. ,5..... .... ,_I,.
23,),1"; I 5,M3, 1 927 ,

',1
,33 I 'Z.1, ,739
I,S 0, I
2S1.316 2
I,31ô - . 14.1,0....' 14.;, O
.... -
1.372.644 1. 372, 644' - 1,0,13,744 1,0,=;3.744, -
15,O:t?,27
1 1,1), O:Jli. 07
I - I, 430, o:J4 I, 4:
O, 0:34 20
';"40,168 740,377 - 114.37
114,37h 12
1. 663.431 1,66.;.414 - 1. ð44 ,55!) 1,&14,559 -
3.715,747 3.716.71:1 1 - 4.947.007 4.947,007 -
719.563 719.563 - 1,138,3.=;1 I, I:JS, 351 -
10,'),290 to,=;, 200 - 212, ,10
212.501'\ -
21,832 21.3hZ - 33. 704 33, 704 1 -
171.124 171,124' - 247.796 247,796 -
4.842.470 2 5.063,531 2 :?O() 6:?2,406 6ti.,), 4 9ti I -
6.490,486 6.490,486 326,276 8,624.620 8,979.296 1 bUO,414
622,406 622.406 70,762 .""'65,10-1 942,35
129,113
I,OS-!,518 1,12h,075 6,371 1. 270,b62 1,378,597 2,416
- - 3,685 6. 22,=;,150 6,534.269 4,777
10,654.515 10,654,515 - 14,219.162 14,219.162 120
535,432 535.432 - 640,771 640.771 58
- 2--

J - 19,273,867 19,Z
,139 -
- - 1,065,301 1.065,702 -
277,556 Ii, ,"),_ - 334, 9!16 331'\,052 -
Ill, 244 111 , 244 I - 125,934 125.934 16
4:?5.543 42.;' 543 1 - 544,391 544.391 230
b35.33O 840,4b5 11 933,424 946.561 -
14 , 72K, 2';!t-: 1-1,9 ,212 b1 ,O
9' 19,017 ,"':J
I' ,6:n ,631 1:J6,606
471,790 472,155 .
- - - -
- - - 109,230 109,331 -
1,18
.619 2,555.805 - 792.810 6,414.102 132,246
238,943 4bO, 870 - 162.740 1,053,399 23.279

Ilncludes pears.

tIncludes (ranges.

19
1.

No

l"nitro
Statcs.

AIl
Countries.

6,679 Ij6, 73h 1
9,769 13:?,833
6,038 3,,),j, 5,') ';' 2
71,999 3,379.275
563 4.i, 16.') 3
4,h06 312,5:?1
360
16, 10,') ..
4,025 4,174,92.i
5,935 32
I, 271 ,')
13,27-1 1,033,7!14
4!I:J 4:J,640 .
2,
":? 134,7JK
171'\. O!I4 I,
!II, 0,j6 '1
1. s.=;:J. 404 22,947.000
20.71.11 7,J,042 ts
63 . {;9(I 234,&3
212,2;-1 3".,)1,211
1,;1& ,:1"'0 n,t'
4,701
:>2. 42,J
625, b..,:? I
83,840 1,6:;2,56ð '
90 30,3!IO lU
1,027 625,195
84 NÞ4 2,%;; , ;

l,h2-1,3! 34,C;3,G30 1
273.319 273,319 11
1,528,606 1,528,606
630,399 630,419 n
57,038 57,050
1,706:288 1,706,2
S 13
5,415,511 5,41.1}, 511
477,26,=; 477, 2ti.; 1-1
108.737 lOS, 737
21,1'041 21.841 1,.
173,634 173,634-
741,167 791,726 16
5,979,961 6,632,03,=; 17
717,711 858,340
h67,46h 1,005,616 Its
6,159,339 6,322.543 It
6,195,2M 6,19,=;,404 20
442,207 442,26,=;
12,4h2,28
12,4X4.934 21
797,381 797, 64,=;
328.914 329,006 2!
106,747 1Ot.ì.763 %3
476.229 476,459
638, 113 640,631 2-1
IS,"5
,055 18,9!7,769
686,862 687,051 25
164,497 164,531

175, 707 4,934,917 U
152.332 M!I, 893

378

TRADE AND COJIMERCE

11.-Imports of Canada from the rnitfd Kingdom, the United States and All Countries In
quantities and values by c]asses entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con.

No

1918.
Principal articles by classes. United Uni ted
All Uni ted
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
I. Vegetable products-con.
Fruits. dried-concluded.
Dates.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 3,509 2,593,369 2,608,660 -
$ 261 362,075 363,271 -
Figs. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 1,754,848 2,190,316 -
$ - 176,289 196.606 -
Peaches. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - - - -
$ - - - -
Prunes and plums, unpitted.............. lb. 350 15,201,539 15,205,646 -
$ 19 1,227,859 1,228,271 -
Raisins..... . . . .. .. . .. .. . . . . .. . ... .. . . . . . lb. 20 32,886,620 33,187,420 -
$ 3 2,867,424 2,913,268 -
All otherfrui ts. _ .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 4,693 6,252,035 6,426,252 20
$ 469 718,069 735,301 2
Total dried fruits........ . . . . .. . . . lb. 8,512 58,912,658 61,454,158 20
S '152 5,391,4.11 5,688,789 2
Fruit juices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gal. 19,733 176,044 258,932 6,522
S 26,365 211,209 259,447 14,272
Fruits, otherwise prepared-
Citrons, lemons and orange rinds in brine $ - 3,293 13,121 -
Fruit in air-tight-cans, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 60,337 6,916,481 7,830,379 14,400
$ 3,946 608,916 677,270 1, 457
Jellies, jams and preserves, n.o.p. . . . . . .. . lb. 51,862 164,603 220,143 1,619
$ 5,240 30,794 36,517 122
Olives in brine and otherwise.. . . . . . . . . . . gal. 342 92,020 164.320 -
$ 19-7 55,816 93,944 -
Total fruits, otherwise prepared. $ 9,383 699,619 821,806 1,519
Grand total fruits. .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . $ 31,251 19,511,061 20,2:11,3:12 16,860
Grains, flours and kindred products-
Beans, n.o.p. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush. - 420,332 699,752 20
$ - 2,593,152 3,594,002 221
Corn (Indian) for purpose of distillation. . bush. - 717,899 717,899 -
$ - 1,038,091 1,038,091 -
Corn (Indian) not for purpose of distilla-
tion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush. 2 4,724,220 4,774,097 1
$ .32 7,349,689 7,397,566 12
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush. - 22,277 22,277 -
$ - 16,736 16,736 -
Peas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush. - 55,240 93,231 2
$ - 216,209 350,296 36
Rice, uncleaned, unhulled or paddy. . . . . . lb. - 2,847,403 50,42
,41l -
$ - 106,816 1,485,001 -
Rice, cleaned. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . lb. 144 2,053,255 15,373,286 2,072
$ 9 110,665 645,313 131
'Vheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush. - 210,796 210,798 -
$ - 454,882 454,884 -
Total grains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 4.1 11 ,907,116 15,002,769 4.00
Flour and milled products-
Cornmea.l. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. brl. - 47,912 47,912 -
$ - 422,917 422,917 -
Rice and sago flour, rice meal, etc.. . .. .. . lb. 48 773,799 1,752,459 -
$ 4 48,042 69,180 . -
Sago and tapioca flour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 668,026 727,237 -
$ - 42,490 45,092 -
Wheat flour........ . .. . . .... .. . . .. .. . . ... brl. - 34,560 34,615 -
$ - 332,423 333,198 -
Other milled products- lb.
Malt, whole, crushed or ground. . . . . . . . . . - 1,148,596 1,148,596 -
S - 52,538 52,538 -
Sago and tapioca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 10,752 25,845 3,418,180 67,268
$ 996 2,800 164,466 4,027
Other breadstuffs. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 43 195,722 208,652 584
Total Oour and milled products. $ 9,613 1,
O5,359 1,-11:1,327 11,984.

1
2
3
4.
5
6

'1

8
9
10
11

12
13
14.

15

16
1'1
18
19

20
21
22
23

24
25
26

IJ.
IruRTS OP

LV_tlJ.l

379

11.- Imports of Canada from the ('nlt..d Khll!dom. the ( nltt'd :"'I I aft's and .\11 COlilltrit's In
(11I:mtlttt's and \;,Im's h) d:,s
..s t'ntt'rt'd for t'on'IIIl1J)tlon In the fOllr fisf'al ) cars 191
-19')1 -con.

1919. 1920. 1921.
No.
C ni tcd All r ni ted 1 Tni tf'd .\11 rnitcd I T nitcd All
f't'\te::!. C"ountriC9. Kingdom.
tat('q. Countric3. J{ingdom. States. Countries.
--
1,620, 160 1,628,8ix ,j31, 244 3,:?
:?,O96 3,850,936 284,370 3,742,63h 4,097,06R 1
361,116 362,340 71,131 677,2:?2 ;,,)4,9!11 35,174 .;.')6, 722 60:3,346
1,517,587 1,
6, HI
3,19!I,104 4,502,926 46,4:>6 l,ð96,701 2,670,145 2
2:10,417 200,830 ,1)20,794 ï;J:i, ;09 3,612 23S, 743 3:J7, 432
3, U!I.592 3,149,592 1,154,843 1,154,8.I:J 3
:>,')1,719 551,719 210, :t51 210,3,1)1
10,424,661 10,4
9,623 14.1/'.2,369 14, 4!I1, N)() 10, 4\!}, 100 1O,4!14,5:?0 4
930,351 930,891 2,O:J3,006 2,035,526 1,458,027 1.459,102
34,210,841 34, :J:31, 814 9,262 38,
1i4, 9-11 37,b19,365 83,838 20,390,1"8 24,H79,194 5
3,167,862 3,190,546 2,264 5,242,073 5,420,2;6 19,016 4, :U}:J, !
O 5,4
:?,589
4, 54
, s:
:; 4,6!IS,5!17 1,512,754 1,791,473 I, ,')32,710 1,734,400 ,
5;;.1,790 576,222 2;;4,105 2\).'), t.;:.?7 1l7,
78 162,997
--

"'J "10 70'1 5i I l lf 91')

510 I)4lfi 6"
') i t ')t
O) '
') 3-19

Glb 910 40 Sb\
t, 50 7')0) IJð

,). ,,) , . . , . .,1 73 ::19.; . ,'" , . ,.. ,ow ..., . , " , ' , ..., .
5, t
,-1;9 1 5,
1 ,70
, ,.')..0 ,

3 10.9.,)G.;
1 "1.)0"1 1."6" , 1 !III ',";0,211
141,294 197,1
2 II, Uti2 114,524 205,419 23,764 30,7S5 106,44.1)
176,579 207,707 18,605 206,731 2,')5,294 5O,6
!1 109,591 17
,331
3,OS4 16,263 S I, 5SO .10,631 134,407 53,093 10,194 7'2,522
9,IS7,90t\ 9,735,741 109.2S1 11 . .1:14, 555 12,79t},4
97,{)7b 13,374,;;63 19, 3
J, 5:
H
971,.1)13 I, ()'2,') , 212 1'2,232 1,5tiO,261 1,f)t}i,324 12,251 1,947,618 2,795,447
94,705 169,2ð5 1,151,193 :!ðQ, :J;;4 1,499,9S.> 860,011 242,4.;9 1,434,109
:?4, !I:?" 34,494 194,151 65,161 271,743 22-1,160 7.'),846 397.741)
67,&56 14
,
:JO 11.10 M,952 134,396 - 4!J,606 138,8.1)"
51,578 ht}.648 25
,42S 124,253 - ÎO,ð3!J 193,166
--
1,IGù,O 1,16.') J .,19 ...b7,'91 1,761,9.i.Þ '! , .!"
\ . '!O 7 '9/J411 2.101,4117 3,1,)' ,722
- I
21 ,.1-10,
"!; :....,17.J .;u..
"61,O
O .>0 ,5!J1 ,1 it. :n,O;l,6ì3 5"
,
. %7 ,!t'
.. ,633 31,S.iZ,612
7S,143 265.079 3,594 2-\
,jã3 4.U, 6

4,Oi5 1;)I,.
IS 203,72,")
470,576 1,369,999 23, 855 {)47,b74 1,594,OJO 21,165 4
7, 4.')>) 637,6:J:!
210,756 210,756 - 302, .1ðJ 20:! , 58.3 - 3 HU\() I 318,804
2-19,195 2-19,198 - 318,202 31
,202 - 3..... 167 3-14,167
10,50",781 10,527,99
- S,6b
,200
,766,70
10 9,520,4S2 9,6.18,960
15,811,4s.! 15,
3i,229 - 13,
!J7,.1\5 14,052,977 23 12,084, :J!JS 12,276,943
4,276,914 4,276,914 1,679 3,127,6
1 3,129,360 - 939,734 939,955
3,359,75-1 3,359,754 3,309 2,448,672 2,451,981 - 6110, 4:
3 661,030
17,528 32,,"'49 24 69, 4:J3 ;2, ....
22 62,4,')0 67,339
102,404 15ô,152 264 317,773 32
,I!J:? 266 2J4, H"
' 2-I
, 200
828, 170 32,4'2,]4-1 - 12,755,447 43,935,264 - 7,77!1,5.')"I 34,!I!IO,37

56,208 1,3S5,O;
- 1,110,84, 3,273,335 - 644,692 2,640,82"
1,997,520 21,057,9"'6 6,710 16,425,212 25,642,291 41,100 10,879, .')1\3 15,5!J\{, 9-10
160,129 1,008,751 378 1,636,046 2,120,956 2,510 800,6:>0 1,140,2ti4
45,820 303,440 2 92,082 9
,O
7 - 13-1, 109 134,113
109,172 516,5-12 6 189,130 189,142 - 2bO,250 <>80,266
20,357, III 23,9
O,b;j2 30.099 20,92...9..... t. 3,.. ð06 23,96t 1,., 69
, 912 18,215,650
91,020 91,022 - 26,317 26,354 - 28,617 28,620
803,220 803,2-11 - 216,2!J
216,594 - 207,610 207,616
424,666 1,243,197 - 579,091 701, ;87 2,220 328,903 416,284
53,091 ð5,ðOO - 62,078 72,922 349 32,917 41,6
0
765,485 1,115,552 - 495,138 72.'), O
2 38,970 1,301,008 2,137,141
63,407 78,217 - 36,838 43,155 2,071 76,711 125,610
5,433 5,,')64 - 15,;07 15,801 1 27,554 27,5

64,2b7 66,177 - 166,080 167,250 12 269,366 269,867
578,146 578,146 - 2,950,730 2,950,730 1,980 7,229,715 7,231,695
24,614 2-1,614 - 128,715 128,715 226 319,088 319,314
21,894 4,494,431 114,369 242,342 4,553,578 101,442 441,998 2,643,340
2,580 206,179 7,249 21,74-1 301,155 8,484 17, 658 139,015
389,162 401,270 8, 111 250,351 280,581 4,358 28O,5bO 308,292
% ,0"!6 ,991 2,305,G?9 43,S17 97',301 1,331, 860 1 44,
0 1,3
1,"O.J 1 J6
0 ,2-16
I

1

s
.
10
11

12
1:1

It

I,')

16
11
l8
It

20
21

2
23

%4

25

26

.

380

TRADE AND C01!{AIERCE

H.-Imports of ('anada from the Unitt'd Kingdom, the Unitt'd States and All Countries in
quantities and valut's by classt's entt'red for consumption in the four fi
cal years 1918-1921-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

I. Vegetable products-con.
Prepared foods and bakery products-
1 Biscuits, sweetened... ...... .. ........ . . .

2 Biscuits, not sweetened....... .., .,. .... .
3 Bread, passover. . _ . . . . . " .............
4 Cereal foods, prepared, in packages not
exceeding 25 lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .
5 Cereal foods prepared, n.o.p..... . . . . . . . . .
6 Macaroni and vermicilli. ... '.' . . . . . - .

Total prt'part'd foods and bakery
products........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

Other kindred products-
7 Arrowroot.. _ _' . . . . _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . ., lb.
$
8 Milk food and other similar preparations $
Total J!raln, flours and kindred
products.. ...... - - . . . . . . . . . . . $

9
10
11
12
13

Gums and resins-
Arabia, amber, etc............... ....... lb.
S
Australian, copal, damar, etc... . .., . . . . ., lb.

Chicle or sappato gum, crude.. ...... . . ... lb.
$
Lac, crude, seed, button, stick and shell. lb.
S
Resin or rosin in packages...... . . . . . . . . .. cwt.
$
Total
ums and resins.. . . . . . . . - . . $

14 Nuts, all kinds.. .., _...... ........... .. ... S

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Oils. vegetables, and by-products-
Oil cake and meal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. cwt.
S
Castor oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. gal.
$
Chinawood and rosin oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S
Cocoanut, palm and palm kernel oil. . . . .. gal.
$
Cocoanut oil, n.o.p..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' .. gal.
S
Cotton seed oil, crude. . . . . .. " . . . . . . . . . .. gal.
S
Cotton seed oil, n.o.p. .......... ......... gal.
S
Essential oils, n.o.p. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. lb.
S
Flaxseed or linseed oil raw or boiled.... lb.
S
Olive oil. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. gal.
S

Total oDs, vegetable...... '. . . . . . . . $
Total oDs, vegetables, and by-
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $

U ni ted
Kingdom.

lb.
S
lb.
S
S
lb.
S
S
lb.
S

15.024
2,684

4,391

4,938
572
43,889

1918.

U ni ted
States.

4,627
1,074
2,902
632

233,097
33,493
685,156
66,617
85,244
1,925,701
142,034
54,315
963,331
87,024

All "Cnited
Countrie",. Kingdom.

2.54,293
36,150
731,411
71,778
85,244
1,956,363
146,148
54 756
1,067,255
95,168

489,244

387,280
34,942
312,024

ð8,ðOG 13,812,48
17,25
,306

55,431

56,083

39
1

468,7
7

16,246
1,762
229,518

850,712

1,177,687
529,407

305,729
702,431
2,(197,183

1,029,591

3,556,093
1,459,475

305,729
702.431
3,201,332

16,600 2,124,678 3,299,497

22.430
39,784
659
171,201
188,339
2,513
4,082

33,297
62,478
306,078
32,530
2,766
6,860
3!7,133

341,133
j

242,051
495,715
18,842
41,411
498,508
1,443,447
1,752,411
30,074
46,364
4,088,501
5,366,253
101,860
107,039
272,732
368,612
75,937
10,598
78,242
150,268
8,533,245

9,028.960

242,051
495,715
43, 725
84,227
499,167
2,081,672
2,466,759
32,589
50,452
4,088,501
5,366,253
115,204
118,574
328,263
477,090
382,015
43,128
180,094
329,507
9,701,962

10,197,677

876
271
414
46

33,329
6,543
t..... 17

6,87i

341
95
27,642

52,998

32,482

32,581

30,251

3,501
5,861
11,511
14,756

22,395
75,853

79
239
97,433

91,433

IJ! /'()UTS F r
L\"_tDA

381

11.- IrnlJOrh of ('anada from the 1 nlCt'd I\.hll..dom, the 1 nlt('d
tah.s alld \11 ('ountrles In
(lllan(Ule
and t'alu's b) d' . . entered for conslIlIIl)Clon In (ht' fOllr .hf;al ) ('ars 1!1l
-1!J2t -Cun.

191\1. 1920. H):
l.
1" ni ted I \11 rnlted 'C' ni tl
d \11 I-nih>J l'nitcd .\11
:-\tnt88. ("ount rit'li. Kingùom. :-\latcs. {"'ountrics. Kingdom. :-:tatl's. ("ountri("'I.
- -
I

.919 3.).823 2J.i,Otl 121.7-1:i 3,')2.136 20l,SI7 .)-1, 1-11 276,792 1
5.16 6.927 7ó.0.=):
2
, 5:i3 lOti. :H
t\i.72i 1-I.2i7 1II7.7."g
-12 I . 5()
443. n:
:) 66.31'\2 ,j
2.!'\u7 j2j.8hi 109.133 -121. -120 71--0.532 2
H.S!19 4i.li2 16, Wi 6.í.
O") !H.9'J 2b.92!1 54.!)45 !I!I. 4 I'"
121. iOY 121, i09 -- 156.2li.,) IS/i.2b.J 3!1.) IOJ.377 IU:
. 772 3
1. 912.471 I, !\:ifi.

! -1ì.
106 2.016.53" 2.079.5:)2 3-1,191 629,025 670.047
IS1.246 Þ". .." 11.396 220.211 23.) . !'f):
8.7411 70.618
O.669
56.9'\S .-)7.tHn I.U74 57.X46 6O.Î:'\.." 4. H7:J 3'2.1'20 37.713 Ð
49.
.U 115.272 - f.,"'6.4:t
\W I, %U 200
:)() i;S 911 . 004 ,
5.516 12.70-1 - lUS....li I 115.
Uj 24 111 . :;.)0 119.6i6
n-1"
!1 1:1' ,'39 to I ,;)
(t G:
b,tU .
,16'Z n" .
38S,b'\ì .).19,0 ,
I

1. 5931 360.(1)3 35.349 10, !)71i 20
.032 4. :-'.\0 1:
.5"':,2 141, 7S9 7
3.4 ")
5,=). 7
0 4.647 1, ';":0-0 25.140 7
-t 1.2U7 13.226
:J60. M':> 3"9.
..:J
!J.O"')
'O. tlbtil 411, 29.') 7J.
'\J
O,OOð .5:i6,673 8
-
21,15.1 ,03 ;
; ,10. .O.
' 212,"!11 .. ,"!
,':16 )6,931, ')'-:1 '
ì! ,%19 17 M:t :u- "!1,4111 "'IH
- - 35.322 366.9\10 467. \1,,2 270.594 1
5.JOS .j06.749 9
H4.336 1.14-1.257 13.144 1:?.'),43\"( 1.,1.
')Ii j2.
0
"'O,4 1 i6 Uti......'i
- 110. 72\1 1.735.M 1. %5.Mn 76.197 1,81".7rtO 2. 14!). 77:0- 10
- 19,545 :J:J5. 352 3.í7.6
j 25.22J 39'2. 7!1
4.
2 . 5.17
473.511 1.96..521 - X!Il.11; 2.0''',3 1 '2 - 2!1:
. 24:
514.910 H
3o.t.5i4 l. 141. .')-13 - bU.5"'.. 1,5-12.16.=) - 1:\1 . 676 26.').902
- . - 1
.59
6.")2.5h"l 1. 3"9. 9
ii.5:?9 &16,4"'J 1, O.12. 175 12
-I - 24.7iO ti5:J. ''2; 1, I!.... .íOI 70.4!1'" 700. 0ti!J 9.')8.671
337.099 337.099 - 2:J:'\. 16\1 2.

. Hi9 33ÒI 267.
;9 '2l>
. 3:l
13
1.216.50
1,216.508 - 1,4';11,395 1,45Q,3Q5 2,201 1,41)1. :\22 1.4G4,i7H
t ,:U; ,
"!"
3,
lI."I17 57,-169 3,199,1.... -I,7IG,.!31 1.-0,23,j1 2,"'...1 ,.
:h 3,:UI,Otl
2. :?58. 5.151 3.47'),002 220.973 3,1-12,417 5.

9.573 2.129.665 4,889,294 11
343.54';1
491, b42 49,,), Sí.'; 97. 106 98.106 IR6.236 lX7.ðtì2 U
- 1.5Îð
1,304.191 1.313.0"" - 333.671 336.310 10, 757 1 4!IO.278 ,')(} 1. I Ii;)
:JO.19
.)6.0iU 111,610 31.01'\2 1-1:1.717
.).87.') 10.tH;) 106.691 16
8.3.6'01 1:\5. 006 206.335 70.3.1.'; 279.231 201. ti
lt 23.001 22.').623
71!1.6lii '-06.4!ltJ - 6"'0.402 ti97.
f/9 1. 95
678,265 734.468 17
515.400 2.390,107 17,977 b07.006 861.462 142.
66 904.517 1.103.672 18
6.31 ,054 3. O
9. 6:
7 34.762 1. 17á.290 1,255.664 221. n23 1.157,4.')4 1, 47ï , 000
13,91
'2
.950 - 121,
f/3 121. !119 34.271 92.2.').') 126.526 19
2.';.727 -1.5.123 - 266.9,7 267.020 85.709 ISl.I.
:-. 2ö/i.
67
4,5!lfi,b.11 4,.1f/6,S.íl - 5. 7....9.
.;!1 5. ;h9. h.=)fI - 4.243.00'1 4.243.007 2Q
7,.103.369 7.403.369 - 9.518.4.'>1 9.518.-IM - 3. !1-I4. 645 3.944.645
169.200 169.6.50 215 Hit. 361 161.691 707 lö7.241 168.03
21
2....6.
79 2S7.419 643 372.3 ' 373.232 1.675 2'21.868 223.543
313.8S0 39
. 104 32.321 311,868 3
.395 45,806
12.4-I71 2S;),-I00 2

519.008 li76.281 9O,2lili 739.
91 971. .í9
162. 26!1 .').12,349 h74.62S
60,383 70.299 4.532.607/ 2SS.6il 4.836.1O
5.375,276 4!1'2.521 9.9.')5.926 23
11. HI9 12.657 1.03
.6!17 m,6"'6 1,106.531 1.310.413 !17.400 , 1. -12.'),4,")2
10. Gh' I 20.429 3.574 106.7.\4 202.302 2.693 69. 601 1 136.764 24
_ 33.363 64.428 26.912 324.678 633.903 13.786 227. 8:J 1 51
.254
10,0! ,
75 13,000,'3; 1,"'3,20-1 1:1,9.9, 003 1 15,9;3,-117 2,013,.93 1 7 á

1H 10 ,3"!
,.;
!I
. , ' , I
- .,- ')
')
- - ')0) ')
-

.39..06G I 1
.313.9 . 1

1,U3,
Ot

u,
,G,t l IG,;j09,7
' 1

2,0" 1,2"" 1

S ,II"I
,-I_
10,1\_9, ,;)-1
-1------ -I

382

TRADE Af.lD COJfJfERCE

It.-Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom, the United States and All Countries in
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

I. Vegetable products-con.
1 Plants, trees, shrubs and vines.. .. . . . . . . . . . $
Rubber and its products-
2 Rubber and gutta-percha, crude caout-
chouc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
3 Tires for vehicles, all kinds. '. . . . . . . . . . . . $
4 :Manufactures of India-rubber, etc...... . . $
Total rubber and its products.. $

Seeds-
5 Clover seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
6 Flax seed. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., bu::.h.
$
7 Garden, field and other seeds. . . " . . . . . . . $
8 Timothy seed.. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . ... lb.
$
Totalseeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . S
9 ::,tarch and its products.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Sugar and its products-
10 Candy and confectionery...... .. . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
11 Molasses and syrups, n.o.p.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $J
12 Sugar, cane and beet..... . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. lb.
$
Total sUJ!ar and its products..... S

Tea, coffee, cocoa and srices-
13 Cocoa beans, not roasted, crushed or
ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. cwt.
$

t4 Cocoa paste, cocoa or chocolate prepara-
tions, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
t5 Cocoa butter. .. . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
Total cocoa andJts products.. '. . $

16 Coffee, green, imported direct. . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$

17 Total coffee and:chicory... ..... ........... lb.
$

18 Spices............... _ . . . . . . - . . . . . . $
19 Tea....................................... lb.
$
Tobacco-'
20 Tobacco, unmanufactured..... " . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
Tobacco manufactured-
21 Cigars...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
22 Cigarettes. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
23 Tobacco, cut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
Total tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$

1 Includes clover seed.

United
J{ingdom.

13,068

1,557,519
975,708
24,351
178,909
1,61-1,331

1918.

.
All "Gnited
Countries. Kingdom.

United
States.

260,249

6,749,647
3,728,066
2,015,267
880,947
8,467,2
1

- 4,381
- 22,293
20,685 385,785

- 1,192,8711
132,518 1,655,227
1,912 504,103
123,431 2,413,401
21,349 376,819
462 495,921
- 213,645,841
- 10,589,618
21,
11 11,463,281

608
12,183

23,347
7,367
1,537,090
398,644
418,194

20,257
2,638

23,155
3,757

219,511
1,752,667
555,715
6,280
4,895
404
1,556
20,494
68,636
273,987
566,495
366,920
7;')0,299

419,770

13,095,645
7,611,621
2,052,442
1,072,157
13,011,256

4,638
22,749
432,369

1,193,080 1
1,835,8;')9
512,877
2,858,162
431,375
2,466,955
767,870,684
36,609,058
39,508,543

64,127 126,304
817,094 1,529,776

1,511,916
321,480
2,870,517
725,651
1,86-1,225

1,271,774
359,219

302,772
203,453
55, 147
16,750,827
6,005,608
4,079
20,993
1,165
3,461
385,415
258,601
11,208,428
6,318,511

1,668,942
341,915
4,441,207
1,136,736
3,008,427

16,576,872
1,746,374

17,988,951
2,122,058

821,575
58,333,119
13,713,427
17,824,947
6,634,948
39,152
190,076
23,698
76,805
686,707
834,738
IS,708,726
7 ,S75, 79(i

13,549

548,488
208,454
17,121
166,484
630,315

32,442

137,088
2,721
13,648
3,195

775
65
3,260

957
454
4,480
963
1,417

27,462
3,073

29,406
3,439

118,465
28,076
7,167

19
102
17,197
61,995
107,634
259,422

151,4H
3S1,561

IJll'ORTS OF C.JNAlJ t

383

11.- Import:.. or ('an:..I:\ from the ('nltt'(1 lilnt!dom. the '"nlt..d St:lt..
and \11 ('oun'rle
In
quau.ltlt's and uluC,.."i It) c.'la
s...!'t eutned for COUMIIII I)tlollIII the four 1I,,('al ) ('ars 191"-1921 -COD.

1919. 19
O. 19
1.
No.
Cnitad \11 U ni tcd t. nited \11 rnited Unitt'(l \11
:-:tates. Countries. Kingdom. f;tatcs. Countrics. I{inll;dom. States. Countrie ;.
369,285 468,863 20,872 477, 3
709,507 32,721 450,380 gg3,045 t
4,819,213 19,2
7,232 6.764,275 6.:I
,4tO 24,4:13,4

4,734,734 7,558,101 22,806,201 2
2,314.,)0;'\ 7, 7!J4, :?tiO 3,626.381 2,904,9i:1 12,010,732 2,
3 804 I, fiSt. ,:;1- i 8,'-Si.l9t.ì
1,024,171 1,045,140 22.973 1,9S7.259 2.014,882 31.007 2,193,992 2,310,941 :I
1,093,046 1,287,601 3
6,O
! I,O..t
.14! 1,-iot,909 515,069 1,103,777 1,68
,865

G,1 ",3%3 n ,31,') ,711 4,

2,9.)1
,
II,bU 1
,O:;9,":W 3, "\, Sl 7,.s ,52.; 15 ,"
,9 u
- - 12
,252 2.53-1.024 2,662,276 70 2,496,3
2 2,498,3S0 6
348,685 :US.6S5 84,669 1,217,62
I, :102. 297 29 5:;
,27ß ,)1)0,2.7
16,11'17 17,6HO 9"Ü 49,800 107,522 397 315,3,:;2 536,6i!1 .
116. 1I
121.21:1 1:J, 1 6:> 2;)0.221 4:1 I. -155 4.475 1,221.155 2,04S.154
546.666 6:12,0'-2 100,672 5ÔO,315 721. ,1)49 62.703 601. 0,),,) 721,463 7
- - - lI,4
, 762 1l.4

..;60 - 9,2S1.:?01 9,281,201 8
543,6.10 .:;43,630 - 1,4...tJ,5!14 I, "''i, òOO - b 11,02:3 b14,O
3
1,7....) ,3.i9 1 ,
"'7 ,!I!I'" 33'; ,
'HI 3,GU ..
4;)10,7
') .) ,....il 3,411.1,01.1'" ., 7:1
, -1.11
339,775 3-17 , 944 9.3
9 340,550 353,b65 14,053 513,191 553,562 .
1,262.224 1,907,121 561,535 I, fI!12. 504 2,R97.011 878,hW I, L
:I, 007 2.4&1.597 10
24li.210 332,952 1
,6O
'475,644 7-'U,7li5 325,963 396,796 h02.230
575.535 3.849.981 70,10.16 6lil,Nlt. ", oilS, :!\15 9t),6
lli fitl!l, 923 6, H"'\. 3s:\ It
238,099, 1
718,9'\
,416 6.016 340.622,13li 1,0
2, 7:JO,6S4 5,04,).44
167,84-1.267 706.825,703 12
11,97:-. 13S 35,3
5,037 57h 22,546,404 li'l, 4,) i, 361 972,724 20, 71,695 78,276,361
"
,'uo,....t i!I,5ß"'I,tl ti i .," , \jO'
,S.
1 , 1 .3,61S, -1' 1,:9,'),383 21,t79,
6,070,230
,)
15,560 I
51 , 290 lli7.5,j1 {13. 790 Iti\J,494 9,778 61. II 7 116,269 13
717,571 2,178,714 343,485 2,037,771 3.553.230 150,8.12 858,5ðl1 1,717,316
1,761,817 1,766,298 62,452 1,437.511 1,535.177 1,121,305 705,OO
1.863.549 1.1
361,351 3ti:!, 527 30,151 411,940 4,5'J,IM 412,120 126,510 554.031
4,02ö.303 4,032.783 1,555,832 7,060,954 8.630.460 427,161 2, 61:>ð, 1.56 3,257,72.,> b
1,241,222 1, '>42, lð.; 668,923 2,941,310 3,615,331 171,633 876,043 1,105,314
2,3 OJ O,Ut 3, 7S3 ,,&., 1,01% ,.)59 5,391 ,0%1 7,6%G,7U 73-1J
1 J
..I, 1.s 3,376,b..t
- 14,509.843 1,277.738 - 19.028,IRI 1,358,714 - 16,293,945 16
- 1.5!:).j,992 417.173 - 4 44!I, 756 433,612 - 3,814,097
765.929 15.363,098 1.28\1.168 1,577,774 20,759,379 1,429,931 1,120,46,=:' 17,791,375 17
269,745 1,865,612 4:!2,072 590,005 5,077,103 461,66.3 390,718 4,2M,500
327,54S 81S,6:?O 3
5.46i 4-H,44
1,130,902 605,412 31h,167 1,158,067 1

112,019 17,174,279 2,901,458 1,227,6,'>6 32,339,350 12,058,5S7 326,589 33,422,902 19
29,394 3,793,724 1,122,828 309,6S3 8,336,163 3,&S6,382 85,6M 9,668,7&5
24,
29,409 25,103,080 26,128 23.398.746 24.345.295 47,401 19,032,367 lO,O07,411 20
10,325,
20 10,910,010 34,h73 12,878,163 13,604,757 38,543 12,108,281 13,083,293
3,955 29,770 21 1,771 26,69b 149 1,150 28,66t3 21
23,681 159.069 171 10,905 175,130 1.443 7,693 205,322
963 21,085 14,732 3,.:;75 19,923 13,541 10,801 25,611 22
3,060 n,137 66,517 IO,bi9 M, 36-1 72.139 27,582 10,:;. 30

365,132 499,451 118,512 350,437 504,720 160,913 279,865 474,000 21
319,703 5ð9,905 287,339 372.018 674,893 4S
,514 346,224 8';2,746
2-1,7-1'!,7.j2 25,7
6,"ì
2'!1 ,0,.9 "!:
,77 ,j ,9,.
2.j,9'i2,U:\ lfiti ,fig" I t 9 ,
t8 , tS-I 20,60t,167
10,695 ,
73 11,
lã,3ãO õ06,690 13,19,'),990 1-I,673,5áO 690,891.1 1 12 ,,'ao ,0;')6 14 ,356 ,29,&

384

TRADE AJ.lD COJ!lrfERCE

It.-Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom, the United states and All Countries in
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption In the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

I. Vegetable products-concluded.

Yegeta1Jles, fresh. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Vegetables, canned... .. ... lb.
$
3 Sauces and pickles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gal.
:3

)Ii8cellaneous vegetable products-
4 Alcohol, industriaL. . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 IIops..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Turpentine, spirits of........ ....... " . . . . .
'1 Yeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total ngetabl{' pro(luct
(except
chemicals, fibres and WOO(I).... S

n. Animal!ol and their products (except chemi-
cals and fibres.)

8 Animals, living... . . " .. .., "
1: Bone, ivory and 8hell products. . . . . . .
Feathers and quills... ........ .., '" .... ...
Fishery products-
11 Cod, haddock and pollock, fresh. . . . . . . . .
12 Halibut, frcsh.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13 Oysters, shelled, in bulk... . _ .
11 Salmon, fresh. . .. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 Sardines and anchovies. . . . . . . .

16
11

Cod, haddock, pollock, dried.. . . . . . . . . . .
Herrings, pickled or salted. . ..' . . . . . . . . . .

Total fishery products ..........
Furs, hides, leather and their products-

Furs, skins, all kinds, not dressed.. .,.
20 Fur skins, wholly or partly dressed...... .
Hatters' furs, not on the skin. . . .. . . . . . . . .

Total furs and skins....

21 Total hides and skins .................... S
Leather and manufactures of-
2 22 3 Belting leather. _ _. . .... _ _ _ ., . _ . . . . . . . $
Calf, kid or goat, lamb and sheep skins,
2 .. dressed, waxed, or glazed... ......... .. $

Glove leathers, tanned or dressed. .. . _ . $
25 r pper leather, including dongola, etc.. .. . $
26 Boots and shoe
, slippers and insoles....... $
Total leather and manufactures
of........ ...... . _ .... '" $

27... Hair and bristles. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28 l\Ieat-
Beef, fresh, chilled or frozen. . .. . .

29

.. lb.
S
l\Iutton and lamb, fresh, chilled or frozen. lb.
S

gal.
8
lb.
$
gal.
$
lb.
$

$
S
lh.
$
lb.
$
gal.
$
lb.
$
box
$
lb.
$
lb. .
$
$
S
$
$
$
S

s

United
IGngdom.

4,9f14
24,851
2,816
69, 726
114,754

17,069
8,146
5
12

1918.

e ni ted
::5tates.

3,204,055
13,8'79,570
1,132,091
206,858
189,320
51,682
31,8.33
732,496
180,822
1,053,840
507,959
2,015,986
524,692

All United
Countries. Kingdom.

3,390,493
14,573,513
1,231,06

376,063
355,588
51,687
31,847
749,570
188,970
1,053,845
507,971
2,015,986
524,692

56
87,632
7,371
47,6ì1
103, 328

7,137
4,117

6,916,127 85,375,418 1!
,9.>8,888 2,823,OO

188,58,=)
71,949
33,097

100, 129
9,074

157,718
13,445

:1;;,703

27,453
38,889
16,031
174,793

96,675
26,796
44,198
1,739
51,345
146,784

313,011

65,732

2.589,734
461,191
210,684
1,001,59ð
45,851
414,51S
47,473
109,263
206, HJ8
507,284
38,896
412,138
42,793
30,823
3,292
12,738,301
524,654

68,911

2,775.486
346,659
292,505
3,8;)3,910

6,008,822
9,480
1,4S9,491
2,195,218
377,269
2,999,848

8,519,988

346,721
12,688,745
1,788.061
1,742,606
355,296

2,779,052
533,954
283,358
1,060,868
47,330
492,299
52,330
109,263
206, HIS
560, 130
44,250
1,467,668
150,359
7,239,527
476,317
12,896,579
538,142

2,421,64.5

2,894,365
518,721
308,536

4,276,006

8,796,966
36,276
1,537,305
2,196,957
429,026
3,164,708

8,916,611

447,766
12,688,745
1,788,061
2,298,630
418,040

176,107
100,517
19,115

1,400
143

175,720
11,932
U,791

47,410
13,172
41,943
190,399

51,463
401
21,920

51,242
78,994

238,405

36,797

I\[ J>01l18 OF C...LY..1D.t

385

11. -lml)OTt
of ('anada frqm tllf- t IIIt('d hllll!f1oll1. tilt" ( '1I1e('1I
t a h'
:"1(1 .\11 ('olllltrh
In
(IUantlth'" and ,aim', h) da,s('s ('nft.rt'd fur fOIlMIIIII.tlon 111 the four IiM'al )('ar
19t
t9
t -con.
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tut('s. Countril.... Kingdom. I-:ta1l'1'I. Countrics.
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4, .,6.1. -Itì:J 4. ,'dO. 5,')0 1
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386

TRADE Al'v
D COMJ'.IERCE

H.-Imports of Canada from the rntted Kingdom, the L'llited States and All Countries In
quantities and values b)' dasSfs entfrfd for consumption in the four fiscal ynrs 1918-1921-con.

:
No.1 1918.
Principal articles by clas::,es. "Cnited V ni ted
-\ll
i "C ni ted
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
1---
I II. Animals and their products-con.
)Ie3.ts-
o'1clude 1
1 Pork, fresh, chilled or frozen. . . . .. lb. - 74,205,3
5 74,209,545 -
$ - 17,710,709 17,711,427 -
21 Bacon and hams, E'houlders and ::;ide.5,
cured. ..... . lb. - 3,373,820 3,385,533 -
$ - 728,829 732,030 -
3 Canned meats, poultry and game... lb. 3,272 393,745 620,042 -
$ 1,172 80.056 144,146 -
4 Pork, dry salted and in Lr1ne lb. - 10,662,045 10,680,242 -
$ - 2,167,888 2,170,143 -
ã Soups and extracts.... " . . . " 72,247 535,047 671,396 Ib,513
Total meats. . " 73,526 2J ,09.) ,936 2,1 ,418 , no .,.. 1'5 , .)fi;J
I
jl\filk products- lb.
6 Butter. ..... -.'. -- - 337,313 434,049 -
7 j S - 101,540 136,269 -
Casein. . . . . . _ . . . . . . . _ . _ . lb. - - - -
5} - 41,797 48,944 -
8 I Cheese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . lb. - 164,305 172, 943 -
$ - 61,301 64,867 -
I
I Total milk and milk products. 5 2(1 29:-1,4.8(1 345,916 -
IOilS, Cats, greases and WR\.eS- gal.
9 Animal oils..... ... 15,444 185,748 201,200 -
10 I $ 13,669 278,192 291,866 -
Fish, whale and seal oils. .. . . gal. 314 483,153 547,572 4
:J:, 1,264 449,157 524,604 .)-
111 ..i
Lard.. ...___.._ .... . -' . lb. - 1,399,297 1,401,147 -
S - 288,141 288,412 -
12 I Lard compound, etc. . . . . . . lb. - 2,560,983 2,560,98
-
I $ - 469,730 469,730 -
13 1 Grease, rough.. . . . . . . . . . . ...... . lb. 17 , 543 8,603,859 12,261,634 2.004
8 2,373 1,283,941 1,708,584 401
H Greaße and degras............ lb. 140,857 1,681,036 1,832,328 46,247
$ 12,526 132,491 146,287 6.363
15 Oleomargarine...... ........ .. .. . lb. - 2,262,514 2,262,514 .. -
$ - 607,302 607,302 -
Total oils, fats, greasfs and wa\.es " 48,555 3,174,186 4,2"8,83J 6,79.)
! 4,274.4.\21
)Iiscellaneous animal products, n.o.p.-
16 Eggs .................................. doz. 6 4,193,485 -
$ 19 1,488,769 1,504,234 -
17 Gelatine and isinglass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 292,814 244,680 594,844 140,8:36
S 118,495 153,720 296,404 74.290
18 G1ue, powdered or sheet and liquid. . . . . " 342,950. 179,184 525,222 45,179
19 Honey and imitations thereof. ., .. . . . . . . lb. - 274,752 29:},967 -

- 50,282 52,717 -

O
. " 30,315 244,376 300,462 17,502
o...;ausage casmgs, n.o.p.... . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .
'í'otal animals and their produfts .. 1,662,658 52,89,),.00 (;0 ,5'70,1(;.) 99;1,123
(except chemicals and fibres.)
Ill. Fibrfs, Textiles and textile products.
Cotton and its products- lb.
21 Cotton, wool or raw c0tton, not dyed.. .' - 8h,012,230 88,037,441 5,332
$ - 20,745,849 20,749,774 3,S4i
2
Crochet and knittmg cotton. .. .. . . . . . . . . . lb. 218,369 149,111 367,73
221, 83:}
$ 284,726 89,628 374,431 355,814
23 ôewing cotton thread in hanks.. . lb. 513,025 307.4hü S20,511 2S7,1>>).1
:$ 502,350 266,446 768,796 398, 62.,}
2-1 Sev. ing thread on spools. . . . -.. " 283,323 253,734 493,115 167,026
25 Yarn, cotton, No. 40 and finer. _ _.. _.. __ lb. 1,529,713 791,821 2,321,564 621,509
$ 1,499,065 660,42,j 2,159,506 8;39, 109
26 Yarn, cotton, polished or glazed.. .. . . . . . . lb. 49,59
95,630 145,822 38,84

$ 48,833 73,460 122,550 62,419

IJIPORTð OF CA.YAD.t

3
7

u. Impurh of ..anada frum tllf ('ulft'd Kln&tdum. flal' I nlh'd :"\taft.!\ anti ..\11 ('ollntrl,'!\ In
(IUantlUt... and \3hu'.. b) t'l"sst.s t'nft'n'd for l'tm,mnl)tlnn In t Itt' four ü..cal ) ears 191::S-19'!1-con.

19l!1.

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(-nitt.'(1 I \11
St.,tf'
Countries.

3. .}!I.
. 32111 3.516.020
....,I!I..')ï..
t:J, 261i
I I
1. 192.
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110-l. 461 1 trH , 969
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401, 9
61 40 I , 9'\\)
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,Y30 17,253,6'1!1
4!1.').12!1 l,bi,;.751
1,724,861 1.945. b50
22-1,6Iï 2.')5,034
4.217.916 4,217,916
1,1
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19.W. . 1921.
r ßl h'll \11 { "nitt'.1 {-IIi ((>(1 All
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- 14, to,'),2ï7 B. 4117, -Ilii I - 3, "li2, 31l 3, Sli2, 311
20 4,9i3,53!1 .., !tï7. 151 :JO,J 6.SI7,359 6. S2:J. 42:J
12 1.
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19 .i,,5. :!S'J 1. 0 17 , Sï 1 I. I:JO. 112 150,7l!11 2,U26,1IS5
:!4 Iti:!, !17:! :i:
1. i:!ì . 10t, IN} I:U. !\.j-; 557,
II
- 13. :JO:J. 215 13.311.1:

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5.'), 10.3 2.3i4.IMi,
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, 5;5
173,IS51 7,511.137
IS,9% 1. 141. 2:!:>
91,097 1 , 094 , 914
10,6-10 124.912
6.497,031
1, S72. 104

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6
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1 679,219 265,381 5.50, 0661
411,466 lhl.5Y,j 377,2J2
295.191 93,676 369. 255 1
I 453,971:) 102,740 126,625
I lO:i.5OS IS, 503 35,106.
I 372,113 7,726 22:3.4Ib l
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453. RI"21
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402.119 44,.90'1 1. W3.ðUO 17
273,945 315,903 756,568
150,OM 531,!H7 7UI,
i7 1"1
39,144 2U3, 936 bS3,149 19
5,939 42,6-10 12401,751
2,133 234, 91:
1 3
5.401 '!O
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34.004,8
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2>;,54 I. !IS9
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, 9.15 77,i13 :3,j2, 2.')9
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9, 411 639,6SOI 1+1,111' ;
7,9SO 7S:3.
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333, 1:J2' 620.b21 194,100 207,501 401,661 1 325,102 201,5.'S5 5:!6,6S7
n
413,169\ 811.
10 2i5,5S21 303, ï2
: 579,311 731,229 396,759 1, 127.9S8
359, 100 533, 72.J 95,16:! 332. :!3 II 4:!9,263' 179,970 377,I:U 571,63-1 'H
1,620,555 I I 1
2, :!42,Oß4 blið,4!IU 1, O
O, I.u 1,948,634 1.7S6,25:! 94'3.071 2,739.433
.:ï
2,OOO,39b J 2,ð39,507 1.41:3,941 1 I, 5:3S. bO!I ? !r') 7"01 4,OJð,071 1.9-19,410 6.05" 9S1
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6, 03:!
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125,046! 187,46,'} 2ð,567 hIS.
:31'< 2:!i,405, l!)ï,5:!J 2UO, tHLI 3,),..... 169
1&427 -251

388

TRADE A..YD COJ.1fMERCE

It.-Imports of Canada from the United Kingdom. the United States and All Countries in
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1911:1-1921-con.

5

1918.
Principal articles by classes. -.
UnitE:'d Fnited All r ni ted
Kingdom. States. Countries. I\:ingdom.
III. Fibrfs, textiles and textile products-con.
Cotton and its products-concluded.
Yarn, knitting, hosiery yarn, etc......... lb. 393,020 1,457,973 1,851,421 94,812
$ 248,792 710, ;
64 959,430 155,220
Other cotton thread, n.o.p.. .......... .., lb. 17,331 95,748 113,462 10,632
$ 14, 19;
74,287 88,644 18,761
Fabrics printed, dyed or coloured... .. . _. yd. 27,440,189 35,704,550 6;
, 486, 984 16,321,696
$ 4,839,833 5,880,954 10,801,069 5,046,691
Grey unbleached -cotton fabrics. .. . . . " . . . yd. 8,377,260 7, 865, 77'ö 16,24;
,038 1,201,990
S 643,521 1,041,172 1,684,693 1.15, 8;
5
l- ncoloured cotten fabrics, bleached, etc. yd. 1,550,906 29,676 1,580,182 1,000,816
$ 56,921 3,187 60, 108 52,311
White or bleached cotton fabrics... ...... yd. 17,215,148 15,206,891 32,504,003 5,940,916
$ 1,913,199 1,904,319 3,831,078 1,173,529
Towelling and towels. ..."............... " 505,8ö3 180,452 i2:3.101 610,138
Yelvets, velveteens and plush fabric::>. .., yd. 3,770,738 38;
, 888 4,43S.b98 2,295.777
Lace';. and em broidery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 1,866,45R 397,818 2,435,8R5 1,568,942
" 1,276,066 540,744 2,622,105 1, :323, 321
Wearing apparel.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 547,098 4,295,375 4,994,242 327,587
Total cotton and Its product
.. .. " 16,732,091 41,5-12,618 59,801,223 14,769,293
Flax, hemp and jute-
Jute or hemp yarn, dyed or coloured..... lb. 1,270,047 2,253,158 3,.187,456 76,946
$ 182,80g 345,803 555,194 22,762
Jute cloth or jute canvas, uncoloured.. .., yd. 11,171,671 9,804,352 80,494,832 2,460,680
$ 1, 703, 2;
;
1,185,068 6,782,443 492,252
Other manufactures of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 2,742,656 1,037,278 4,381,757 2,440,362
.
Total flax, hemp and jute.. ., .., " 4,62S,69ð 2,-168,1-19 11,719,39-1 2,955,376
Silk and its products-
Silk, ra\\"... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 15,334 168,837 190.219 7,171
$ 49,575 962,661 1,049,000 35,112
::;ilk fabrics of which silk is the component
part.................................. . " 82,552 361,273 683,195 34,433
Silk fabrics, n.o.p..... "" . " . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . " 1,605,452 3,669,297 10,723,208 919,821
Clothing, silk, n.o.p.. . . ... " . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 91,808 719,125 963,682 86,982
Hibbons, all kinds and materials..... . . . . " 536,242 646,424 1,521,7
6 261,243
Total silk and its products. .. .. . " 2,708,276 7 ;:181 ,400 16,46-1,992 1,646,587
Wool and its products-
\rool, raw.. .......... ...... .......... . -. lb. 2, 01O,4;
8 2,530,818 11,541,086 350,263
$ 1,009,687 1,646,397 6,168,600 202,722
X oils and waste and worsted tops.. . . . . . . $ 4,244,305 6;n, 643 4,875,948 4,930,688
Yarns composed wholly or in part of wool,
worsted, the hair of the goat, etc.. . . . . . lb. 1,642,859 428,955 2,071,814 1,859,951
S I, 971,984 738,709 2,710,693 3,047,060
Yarns, woollen or worsted, n.o.p.. . . . . . . . lb. 373, 62;
50,579 104,373 272,029
$ 505,243 44, 75;
550,U57 486,396
Carpets and rug::;........ _ _. " 802,741 198,930 - 1,013,773 293,876
...... .
Cloths and dress goods-
Cassimeres, cloth::> and doeskins. _ _.,. _ .. . yd. 1,258,077 379,383 1,639,767 983,268
:$ 1,775,196 589,772 2,368,099 2,470,811
Coatings and overcoatings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yd. 585,221 72,960 658,181 408,428
$ 895,293 126,261 1,021,554 1,056,091
Fabrics of wool, or cotton and wooL..... yd. 2,389,798 76,996 2,466,794 2,027,795
S 1,148,263 34,996 1 , 1'ö;
, 259 1,360,292
T\\'eeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . yd. 1,480,115 169,151 1,649,430 505, 9;
8
$ 1,297,701 178,210 1,475,982 784,622
Women's and children's dress goods, etc..sq. yd 1,947,651 3,914 1,951,565 2,575,173
$ 1,186,968 4,665 1,191,633 1,958,456
Worsted and serges, including coatingsl. '. yd. - - - -
$ - - - -
Wearing apparel-
Clothing, women's and children's. ....... $ 137,832 1,209,615 1,347,848 106,509
bocks and stockings, wool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 794,505 118,804 913,643 492,211
Clothing, ready-made. ...... ........... " 421,132 591,171 1,012,869 339,285
Total wool and Its products... . . . " 22,9-15,222 8,51.'),026 35,01:19,127 1 23,567,01-1

llncluded with coatmgs and overcoatmgs m 1918, 1919.

No.

1
2
3
4

6
7
8
9
10

11
12
13

14

15

16
17
18

19
20
21

2"

23
2!
25
26
21
28
29

30
31
32

I 11 PURTS UF ( AX.A]) 1

3hH

11.- ImlJOr'" of (
allada from tilt' lnltrd h.lni!dom. tilt. lnUrd
tatr
and .\11 ('ountru-sln
(I II ,m t it It'.. :ul(l uhu's h) ('1a"St'
('II h'rt'd for ('()Il'nml)tloll III t lat' fOil r lis('al ) c:ar.. 1911'ì-l
t21 ('on.

HI

No.

.
19 HI20. 1921.
\11 l.mtt'd 1 ni tt'd All l"nited l"nih'd \11
Countries. I
i
dom Stah
". Countri\.'S. h..in
dorn . t:tuteM. ('ountrie
.
I. U7.0;4, 96,31:> 1,

:\. 7

1 I, 1 ti-\. 6.19 2.\0.0:H I\lì 1 .02"/ 1. 110.352
I no I . Oil,') 13
,2f10 'óJ3. 10_ :o.!ì
, :
551 345, 7tH' 6'4.863 1. OiS, 96:J
192..')17, 36.2:0.1 20;).61.\ 2.\
,.\2.\ 53 . :

Iì
120,:m7, IXl.2SI.\I
26:
, 221i Ö:
,
1I.j 311.9-12: 3
I,.172 144,142 :?O! I, H62 371.74!1
43,i37.679 17,3S6,04ï 35. 733. 7!}() I 53,416.:
.U: 24. 9i6. 5.11-\' 26. M16,O:Jt.i 1 .., ..
o '-)-)0
I 12.1;,)7,:U6 7. 26f, 3:
6 10.7113,1)67, 1
..!:
S.171), 12,104. t:
01 . ., - . .- :
_,óJ'...)'":_ I
S. ..5;). .\11, _1.0,)_.hto
I 1-\. .\'1;. 76.') 1. li!I.1, 9ti!1 1O. Ill;. h::
1 12.60S,i92 4.
'2 .1\"2, 6.54i.7!1.- 11 . ,j1l0 . 4 II()
! 1.0...2. '26 :H3,122 I. M.). 5;)4 2. "S. 6i61 1..\

.
:
61 I. bli, 8'\21 2. !"I
. 3n:?
,
I. t:
6. 1,j2 2,1!1.1..\:!' 2,
"Ii,
1II' 5.I:>>O,!117 4. ':'11, .)111-\ 2. 143. 71i 7.1!l1.3U
@.673 6;)5, !)1\ 7 6U.IU7 I. 2:o.
. 21-1 1 I. 613.1)"il 50.>.5.- J3 1 2.177. W:\
t:
. S09.liS.
3.0!1
. 2i.\ 11 . b-l. :\li!1 14,4i7.71).; 4 . li 10 . .').').1 9, OO,').li W, 13. ,.1.j. .14:

2. \121. 10:; "i\'
,(j 2. ;)K). t):J 7 I :So :)11:"1. :-..\'", 1. (jh2, 0;)7 .) rö' 41'1' 4. Ili7. 0.).')
-, "') -. ,) .: I
!J '.j. 4611 I.
04, 22
462.354 I. 7'
. "
Y, 2 . 403 . :

' 3_.J. _II.J 2. j":
:UIfì1

.\-1"
\);
1. him, :-)(1'
5h2.0i1'l 1. 62.
, &11)'):
I,
4'. 3

, 3.
o
.
.\:I,
4. a14.U.,_ 5..IUa. ,4'
1--
19 ,339 ,"! (0 (i"i ,'!1!' ,3;'! I '9 ,.U;, ,'1" (
2. ........ b-l
3.66:0.. 6!II' 6.707. oo:?
617.39:"1 740,6'
, 1.4.\5,775
lb. 96
, 4tH 9, .\O
, ô20 63, 56:J. !I:I

3,5ï4.ï
1 1.335.6.')5: b.

2.7
7
4.023.0
,1 1
5 6"169 1 5,M5.274
?15 t
; 3 73
Sl
1
,923,ð36

l nited I
='t"lt("s.

I,Q3?

,42.a
/
1
0.6:?tJ
:?42. f','):J
26.
4!1. 6iO
6. 9!1(). 071
7.2
O.215
921).54\1
1:1;'), J
ti
17.3b2
7. i74,6561
1. i2,'). 215
32ï.776
.
!IIi. :o.!I.')
6.19. 11'-2
1.152,12.1
3,607.60b l
59,11'\,.19
1

3.1-11.001 1
2. 45.J.167
2. S\12, 747
4. 21:? 201 1
; ;i ,00jiO ;)01

1 .
.\3, :?,'1' I
!)li.') , 479
l.i74.322
.'):?:1, 70:?

3 6?õJ 0"3'
. 6;9:424'
4,677.690
MO. Oh
1
1,9'3,b35,
3, J,3,l'

3, h
IS. 9li9
702.1S6
tì I, !}flU. bi9

.505.R93
4, 5'\5. b09
I'J 793 " .. I

I . , , ,. '31::J
, 2U.036 27. 1I

I 1.5:-,'1.39:! 149,754 3. 22
,511'
1
!o.-I:? 70:\ 19.412 I, 4
'1, 6:?li
15. IKH, OIS l.b37.210 5.779.35.í'
, 1. 2
;), 579 Ib8.1.\O 1.716.: J57 1
,
1. bô!l. 669 3
\I,.\% 1. 3!hi. 053
1 1
I '!:j ,0:3, "til 3,.t7
,3!'" 15 ,'\6(i 9;
, I.'U,..7h. ö3::! 3,674.511 5. 110. 60Ii l
9.
2>t.051 2,510.145 3..\&1.216
5.62.1,090 4,14S,050 1,665,
3U
I 2.033.262 l.i38.ð34 174. 007 1
3, U7.hiO 3. 3:
2. :J07 ) -..-
4U:..;);)/
2'6.356 2-10..')60 79,776
I .')18.221 571. 2

71,335
6:?3,520 980 , -164 3ð2,i51
1.47
, 7i3 - -
I 3.551. 034, 2,
79,76-1 2.557,951
I 450,360 58. 717 76. &I

I 1.167.ð54! 163.382 126.550
I 2.0M.162 2.515.-103 bO,016
I I, :W:? . 0.')4 2.024,231 71,
:"IÛ
571,732' 2.030.392 2. 2:?:!. ï!H

.52!J1 4.033,443 3,0
9.1I5
2. 630. 4tH 3.
!J(), 395 56.2:?:?
2.013,7bb' 4,696.049 43, 138
- 4.00
.100 3. 665. b:?4
- 10,061.336 6.201.993

32,5:?ï
1,514,917

ï:m,3:-):

b,170.632
9!1().01.

I, 4sl. 54,í

U,9;1,57.1

527.
13
513.7
5
693, 9.íli
173.311
:WO, 100
13.172
:?4.541
304.00b

493.32\1
1,073.742
41. 93:!
111.763
56,367

I.iti:'>
6.'), i9-J
1O;J.90;
41. 232
41.251

1.136.416'
74.965
491, !162
-_I
h,139 ,0'\9
!

1. 2.\6. 919
.')67.401
"32. 10:

"0,298,99

l00. 71Ö I 2,225.566 2.-I30,
66 268,ß4

973.081 172,943 1. 146.065 2.783. 319 1
619.60b l 859.671 1.479.768 1.286,79-1 1
3
,55;;,68
1 't
,399 ,955' 63,t93,535 5%,763,

I I

1.3.

, 9.,J
1,206. 731 1
3.1I7.2tH
I , :14 I, l!lli

2
7,j-.\I

3:?U.2Ib
1.017.54:? 1
3,
41. 62H

I
I :n ,1ttl ,'ï? ,i' ,3''', tll!1
2.%.....')71 I, i.'il,4:!1
I 7i(j.
o &l4,!I
ï
9,229, !t\2.1 3, 92:!, {tj!1
2,500,56' 2m). 054
I 5.271,9"6 I, 2ð5. t):JO I
I
..)-19,3.Þ" 2,U
9,671
13.62' 291. 3
h
101. .'\1, 2,4U!I,I:?I)
fI.'). 4
}" 591,513
1. '1;6. 753 2,370,214
321. 231 9b4,976
6:\.'), 42
"li1-\, 2 7U
I
I 4. , ";2 , ,\.')0 b ,(;'0, .63
2.110. 7.J

6.670.530,
1.677,4>-'2 3,071.117,
5.15-1.-167 1,051,577
2, ;.')5..525 110,615
6, 25:J. 721 15S.340
303,.')87 4:J, 713
837.610 &I. 235
2, 102, 5S.3 270,205
- -
3,128.107 1,322.393
I ß4,925 3,403
, 199. .,)()l 10, .576
1,7
9.5U8 10.826
1,6tH.341 16, 854
2.139.61\' 420.26

I 4..')13.330 794.727
4.757,529 65

5,-118,919 1,5S4
5,337.820 1,103,932
14.566,067 2,252,381

343.60')
3,404.500

1,755.772
20.1-,)').3.17
2. 1M).
}()7
2,1--14,3'1;

iþtt
,;"9

11. 7i7 . h!}()
7.672.211
6.1i6.J94
1. 932. ;60
3,742,0'\7
321.ö!16
6ã3,970
1.13i,939

5,59S,264
135,359
2S9. H;
2
2.595.419
2.096.117
4.2ti5.
9Ç1
7.1.1H.5.11
4,O-H,
5

4.951.614
7.6S5.015
16.303,136

I
1.293,434
80.892 \
600.262
12,091,Oð"!\

1

3
..
5
8
7
1. h.)4. !llìO S
I. ;).19. i
JI
b. 1
.1,!lM S
4. !tOO, x.1!1 10

!t9, '18 ,.,)!I-I
4.9.')0,1137 It
1. 331 , 563
tH. :!12, 124 12
6,574,298
7.020.258 13
lI.n6,1I'
31
.279 14.
2,615.422
1,4

.172 I.')
Hi.
12, 93S 16
I. 611. 5!lj 11
3,....':!.360 11'1
29,'ì'!O,;9

9,2':).61;3 l'
5. Oð
, 66.')
6. 673. 28S 20
2.t-'.!.166
I
6,4:-.4.633
34!.. 12.1 ?2
919.5:J5
2.59i,358 23
24
4.674.100
69.031 .,.
....
211, 1-20
l,ðOO.42-1 2'
1, 6.' I. 195
2. 5,..,;J,SS3 27
5, 37)o!. 1-17
4 .
I:! 1. 639
8
5,808.510
6,5.')2,434 "!9
17.097.
60
1,5"'6.551 30
2,1:)64.938 31
1,889,869 32
67 ,017 ,Gto

390

TRADE A'ArD COJ! JIERCE

H.-Imports of Canada from the "Pnited Kingdom, the rnited states and All ('ountries in
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con.

No. Principal articles by classes.

III. Fibres, textiles and textile products-con-
cludpcl.
Yegetable fi bres and their products-
1 Binder twine. . lb.
$
2 l\Ianila grass..... cv. t.
$
3 Sisal grass. " cv.t.
S

(
5
G
7
8
9

Iixed textile produC'ts-
Rags and waste. . . . . . .
Yarn...

Oil cloth, all kinds. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cordage and twines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Curtains and shams....... .. ..... . . . ..
Webbing, elastic over one-inch wide. . " .
Wearing apparel (knit and woven) hats
and caps-
Braiùs or plaits of chips, palm leaT, etc.. .
Hatters' hands (not cords) bindings and
hat sweats, etc.................. . .
Hats, caps and bonnets, straw, grass or
chip........................ .... .....
Hats, caps and bonnets, beaver, silk or felt
Hat caps and bonnets, n.o.p.
Corsets, all kinds.... . . . . . . . .
Gloves and mitts.... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Knitted goods of every de.3cription..
Dressing, antiseptic surgical, etc........

10
11
12
13
H
1,j
16
11
18
I
I

Total fibres, textiles and teAtile
products...-o.......... _

1\". Wood, wood products and paper.
Books and printed matter-
19 Newspapers and quarterly, monthly and
semi-monthly magazines. _....
20 Photographs, chromos, etc. .... ........ _. .
21 Advertising pamphlets, etc. . . . . . . . . . .
22 Bank notes, bonds, bills of exchange. ....
23 Labels for cigar boxe3, fruits, etc...
24 Bibles, prayer books, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

Total books and printed matter.

25
26
27
23
29

Paper and manufactures of-
Cardboard, millboard, strawbo3.rd, news-
board, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Book and printing paper, not coated.. _" .
Wrapping paper, all kinds. .. . . . . "
Hangings or wall paper.
Boxes or containers, printed or not..... _..

Total paprr and manufactures
\except books and printed matter)
Wood and wood products, unmanufactured
or partially manufactured-
31) Fence posts and railroad ties. . . . . . . . g
31 Cherry, chestnut and hickory, etc. )1. ft
$
32 Mahogany..... ......... .. . . .... .. . . .. ft.
$
3;
Oak...... .. . . . . .. . .. .. . . ..:\1. ft.
$
34. Pitch pine... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .)1. It
I $

$
lb.
S
:3
"

1918. I
r ni ted C ni ted All Cnited
King
lom. States. CO;Jntries. Kingdom.
- 49,511,980 49,511,980 -
- 8,593,238 8,593,238 -
509 477,818 491,739 4.524
6,808 7,452,941 7,623,671 70,386
- - - -
- - - -
123,512 244,861 368,373 29.617
87,527 72,563 160,090 61,562
216,956 259,143 476,099 21;
. 495
715,596 1,748,157 2.464,886 322.398
1.272,185 1,433,911 2,741,785 1.171.242
202,831 141,794 357,328 174.619
7,122 190,315 197,437 I) , 4-13
59,014 322,790 496,892 29.56-1
22,030 208,938 252,261 21.242
367,596 1,695,307 2,110,397 29ð.526
314,915 688,239 1,169,546 144.613
- - - -
6,458 367, 118 373,709 1,970
- - - -
81,790 142,113 230,296 76.096
58,244 318,738 377,240 1 169,6:Jì
I
50,180,3S
8t,65:1,38'"} 152,311,28
4.5,968,350
38,518 1,669,368 1,709,364 4-1.129
102,830 776.658 885,183 59.774
25,054 648,591 673,425 1.'>,070
24,747 248, ;
42 274,632 10,918
32,310 398,019 431,786 49.869
112,714 124,253 287,941l 19-1,527
902 ,8-11 6,192,06' 7,331,393 815,688
4.759 552,74h 557,507 930
136.901 5,106,063 5,242,989 38.47.5
17,667 435,506 453.175 11.8,jl
51,661 4,254.075 4,334,274 4.2S2
7.081 209,135 218,868 501
67,449 1,923,001 1,993,362 11. 984
14,479 218,506 236,078 5.512
- - -- 2.754
539,H3 6,656,62
7,4.15,111 2-13,111
-
- 996,500 996,500 -
- 29,613 29,680 -
- 1. 020, 42;
1,023,792 -
1,540 754,571 756,141 -
276 107,583 107, 866 -
- 46,772 46,772 -
- 1,976,446 1,976,446 -
49 51,766 51,815 -
1,206 1,395,007 1,396,213 -

$
$

$

s
"

$
lb.
$
lb.
$
roll
8
"

3tH

IJIPORTS OF CA.V.1D
-l

It. - Imuorts of ( anatla from thl' (Onlt('d Kln
dom. till. .. 'nlh'd statl's .uul .\11 ("tUntrich io
tltlantHies and value' b) eJ' "
l'S l'ntt'rt'fl for fCIU'UI1II)tinn in t hI' four O"cal ) 1'.irS 191 -19!1-con.

I

o

l!1
1

19
0.

HH9.

\11
(' .):mtrit''',

Cnitl'd l nih'(l \11
Kinv;dorn.
tate:i. CountriL
.
I
lOt) lû,30.i, 178 16.30-1,4 7!11
29 3,490,46S 3,190,5241
10!) 1-18,160 152,61H
3,803 1,945,35:J 1 , 9S2, 3211
28,872 272,077 301,234
416,891 2,792,B
ù 3,2 1:J, 4')....
3n,6t
1
2,140,604 2,4'\1.410
27S,t-."tJ 73,092 36
.297
1,037,540 365,235 1,.n6.738
469,612 2,011,906 2, 5:.!.
, b70
1,I:.!O,119 1,...26.0:)3 2,9S
.
OO
216.219 2U,U
1 474,779
13,911 ,')33,572 547,55

1-16, 6
6 615,ö42 I,Oio, 521 1
33,027 522,29R 5'0. 5Ób l
301,226 I, Oi3, 426 1,433,9:!1
211-1 , :
.')4 1,142,538 1,500,250
151,250 1,108,969 1,282,159
14,3'\ j 3:l4,656 .350,i69
19,'>,910 104,065 337,2
7
1

.-till 3
;.2;2 63i,633
:n,q
:.!76,5J7 312,94(),
I
;1,6.)1,01. 13! ,'!1J! ,0"'3 11 ,5.;', I\;j
,
I
40,529 2,378,'2ð1 2,4211.576!
H-I,446 801,091 90;,9'6 1
33,434 1,375,361 1. 411, 925
19,611 442,512 WLH

55.519 50'\,777 56i. il2
205,0:)9 176.70t 1'\1,962
t,U'
9,ti 9 9,
1 ,1-li 11 ,"!I ',
1-1
2,382 929,980 932,352
48,270 5,38;;.45".1 5,43I,
2'S1
15,000 630,825 61,1, 9
9
19li 5. 211. 6
ìl 5.2i9.4\\
'
11
502.
"i 511.136
26, 22
1 2,Oì3,05S 2,100,679
12.8,')2 340.525 355.272
1-1,901 1,003,130 1.0:39,259

l'nited
::;l-ltI'3.

l" ni h.d
l
ing(lmn.

l"nit{'d I \11
:--t'\h',. Conntril....

34,641. 459 3-1.75;).071
5, 46li, :J!J5 ,1, 4'\0. x97.
7S,039 87, b:

1,-105,797 1,515,%2
:!1,
'\4 342,612 365,fl16 3
276,562 2,770,810 3,060,571
S'\9.42IJ 1,674,206 2,273,720 ..
29
,314 114,526 512,109 5
1.112,mlj 410. !IOO 2, O:Ji, 1-12
1.132.7:'\0 1.305,136 2, 1S.5t3 6
1,
'6, 711 1,576.002 3,517,
:ti 7
3"t,b22 156, .J:)lì 616. lIó l '"
50,0-15 531,216 589.2S0 9
U7,59ð 401,831 I, 2.)
, !1:
5 10
61,393 411,591 719,666 11

22.374,.i74 22.374.:)74
.;.4i7.tJ12 5,457,612

!)6. 692 :JU.150
Ii. 07
, lOti 6,216.S17
2;)4.627 2
t,24-1
!17 . litH 161,206
4!l)j:H I 723,6.33
2. 111. .')IB 2.4'Jl.0J'"
I.
.'). 1:J'
3. luO, 533
1
-1,Oì2 3tJ7, 320
301,
i6 30S,47ð
391,330 667, 2
!11

79,526 305,0')6
1, \-12. 950 2,167,953

-1I,i04 1,129,674
3ï4,4tü 376,914

1.171,407 n
1.612,720 1:1
1,-.?42,302 1-1
303, 232 1

is!J.:JSO 16
F.61.671 1,
ItH,I"1 t'i

425.397 693,119
461,906 69\\,851
318,610 hli 1,159
16,587 2
6.0-15
596,904 103,360

6.11
4
!J,84

---..!.
I. 715
33.0!1 1
111......""1 '01 ;.h'O";1
I'I. .}!.312 1
2,6
:),6
:i 1 2.672.:;'\; 19
1.0SI.202 1.257.,'í6
, :!I.
1. 7:Ji.Rl
1 I.S0ì.3:JO
t
646.302 674, 9.;0 1
2
621. 10\ 702. 02!) '!:I
l!o.!I, 6901 6,)6,07-1:21
1,79,1,31" 11,tn,76'" n,ji..,.Îj
I
1.6H. i
ìl 25
7, :tn. ...:l1' "!6
9.,)5.9ì9
6,78,1.824 27
7.')9,320
1, 8ì1, 84!J 29
,,)12.0il
1 , 473, 436 29

21
.599 320.0

4')'1,1<12 6!J," ....
10&.76;.1 'S ' ';; .1'3 .2J
I
2,0')4,729,
625,990
851,662,
403, 52ì l '
4'I,81ô
3S9, 13ì
:s, 1Ie,!nl

41.iO;)
1.')-1.837
6
, 96S
22.011
72.872
23-1,7hG

2.010.310
.j5t} , 34 g

:
5, b63
:
S9, 293
.nO,396
14Q. S32

j ,..'t'!,261

1,61'i,3:JQ

3:J,6:37 .

930,18;

929,257
6,217,162
600,635
,').67S,090
32:0;.263
1. ï6ì, 3S2

-t'3,043

62.072

6,9;)1.0,)7 ,
879.IH'i
6.50.).0 to
71
.Of)j
1. 7S5. 040
15S.01O
1,401.262

366.501
i.'),770
20:5.975
31. 115
72.573
15. 350
32,871

6,259,32ï
613.052
5.tWû,U5!1
330,Iil 1
1,7'ì:J,441
..,.. ')- 31
_;:1;)._1
SS3,3:!

31ì ,710 9,:
fI:1 ,9.')6 9 ,9:U; ,;;s "'51,511'" t2,"!-IO,319 13,6'18,399 I
1--
1,137,627 1,137,6:!ì, 1,904,i.13 1,904,753' 30
33,964 33,994 26,261 26,264 31
1.976.198\ 1.979.6791 2,703 , 160 2. 703.4ì
1
1,757,619 1,757,6191 1.
JO 2,146,590 2,258,002 32
320.492 320. 492 1 638 54.8. 32.') ,')61.371
1 46.843 46.844
\ 37,327 37,41F 33
51 3,319.21h 3,319,269, 4,506,207 4,517,ï9.'i1
29.541\ 29,541 37,468 37,46S 31
1.034,053 1.0:U.053. 1,773,164 1. in. Iti-l.

8, "6 , 39:j

",!'!I,O.

1.599,825
1.
â
:

I
649.3,1,1
109,550
48,908
.) ."J
_..J,L,913
67,601
2.364,923

1.599.$25
29,65.')
1,281. 5M
6SfI,i90
113,171 \
48,911
2.533,32.')
67,601j
2,36-1.9:!3,

392

TRADE AJ.VD COJIJfERCE

H.-Imports of Canada from the rnited Kin
dom, the rolted Stab>s aod \II Countries 111
quantities and \'alues by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con.

1918.
No Principal articles by classe!':. -
r ni ted C ni ted All G ni ted
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
IV. Wood, wood products and paper-con-
cluded.
Wood and" ood prooducts, unmanufactured
or partially manufactured-con.
1 Lumber, rough sawn, or dressed on one
I side only..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .l\I. ft. - n,759 73. 769 -
21 $ - 1,996,432 1,996,597 -
Yeneers of oak, rosewood, mahogany,
etc.............. . " - 234,096 234,096 -
! .......... a... a.
I Total wood products, unmanufar-
tured or partially manufactured" 8,ã91 9,861,110 9,S99,462 1,991
"ood and wood products, manufactured-
3 Barrels, empty. .... .. .. ............. No. 4,636 135,741 141,919 6
S 1,551 135,902 138,719 18
4 Staves of oak, sawn, split or cut... . . . )1. - 5,220 5.220 -
$ - 174,646 174,646 -
5 Corks. . . . ..... . ......... . lb. 23,185 50,128 397.595 8,418
$ 23,382 38,258 145,201 9,270
"ood pulp amI fibre-
6 Fibre, kartavert, indurated fibre, etc..... $ 726 264,658 265,633 263
ì
oda pulp. lb. 1 -
$ -
8 "Cnbleached sulphite pulp. . ... .. . lb. - - - -
$ J
475,394 47.5.394 -
9 Wood pulp, mechanically or chemically -
prepared. . _ . " ......... . lb. -
g -
10 Furniture, house, office, cabinet, etc.. . . " - - - -
Total \\-ood, "ood products and
paper. . . . . . . . . . . .. . 1,530,208 26,259,123 28 ,.no, 115 1,116,407
\'. Iron and its products.
11 Iron ore...... ....................... . ton - 1,312,905 2,203,506 -
$ - 4,159,789 5,094,3;
9 -
12 \gricu!tural implements-
Cream 8eparators and steel bowls for. $ - 468,680 477,880 730
13 Cream separators, materials for. . " - 512,450 520,916 -
14 Haryesters, self-binding.......
o. - 5,261 5,261 -
$ - 685,540 685,540 -
15
lowing machines.. . . .., . . . . . . No. - 5,241 5,241 -
$ - 228,080 228,080 -
16 Potato diggers. . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . .
o. - 968 96
-
$ - 45,614 45,614 -
17 Cultivators and weeders and parts of. " - 127,061 127,061 -
18 Drill
, seed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
o. - 11 , 343 11. 343 -
$ - 5,025,585 502,585 -
19 Harrows and parts of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " - 39;
, 971 393,971 -
20 Ploughs and parts of. . . . . . . . . " - 2,550,350 2,550,350 -
21 Threshing machine se!)arators....
o. - 2,115 2.115 -
$ - 1,552,M3 1,552,843 -
22 Threshing machine separators, parts of. " - 530,118 530,118 -
Total agricultural implements. .. 10,813 9,615,859 9,G-U,U3 10,5;)7
23 Boiler:", engines, pumps and windmills-
Boilers, :"team and parts of. . . .. . . . $ 14,857 237,416 264,065 55. 15-1
24 Boilers, n.o.p. and parts of. " 30,On l:
6, 679 166,832 286
Engines- ., -
25 bngines, automobiles l ....... . ... .. .
o. - - - -
$ - - - -
26 Engines, gas and gasoline. . . . . . . . );0. ](j 56,500 56,521 35
$ 4,558 6,660,683 6,665,635 10, 238
27 Engines, steam. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
o. 1 165 166 2
$ 913 339,.390 340,303 4,313
28 Locomotives for railways. . . . . . . . . " . . , . . No. - 64 64 -
S - 324,635 324.635 -

1lncluded with engine
, gas and gasoline in 1918, 1919.

I J 1 P() R TS 0 F C t.Y
t ]).1

3
t3

11.- Tml)()ft
uf {'.n3d3 from nit' .. nlt..cI klnl!clum. tll.. t. nltt"Cl
tatt's and \11 ('ullntrlh In
((uIntl.h'" and uhu', h) C'lasst'!'\ t'nft'ft'd fur rO.hullllttiun In the fonr fiscal )ear!o I!II'-I!I'!I con.

19')0. . 1921.
1919

:'\ ().
'.mh'd I .\11 l.nih-d \ -Ili t('d \11 1. nifl'd I r ni h.d \11

tat
. Countrit'q. l
jngdnm . :'t:\t(.
. ('ount rit,
. h.inl.!:clolll.
tnt. . Count ri('s.
I
66, ð:?61 61),960 1 ;6, ïO:? 'ifi, 'i6'i I 1 49,32ul H,51O 1
:?, 49:1, 59
2, 504, 9:?1) 113 3,016,;{H 3,0.!1.015 114 3.107.519 1 3,119,1I!1-I
I ßt9. hó21
3')4,5"4 3:?!, !i!1\ I .!III ,l)49,;6'i 54Y. fill' 17 M!'I.M5 %
- .. - - --. - ....... .... . .. .

13,0)" ,ìì ,J

U ,:U; ,3'\,

I
,?,
69! 106,51;
I:,.I..m1\ 121L 435
4,ðôO' 4.1->60
276,156\ 2;6,1;)lt
7Iì.l:

210,;ßl
5ð,627 107,093
:?;1,31:1 2ì1.t>U7
1,745,5-1-1 1, ;-1.'), ;)-\-1
NI, Ii:?" 'Ü.lì::!.:1
IS.
;5. O:JO 18,875,030
377,54:3 J;7.5-I

2. 'i6!) , 6.11 2.;69,631
52, S29 52, S29
3."I,G'U ,ã
3;) ,39$, -2 i-
I,3ò6,!M3 2,22ì.919
5,048,456 5,9J2,001
59-1,u
J 651,991
546,-191 ;69, 'Uti
2.50ö! 2. 5Oð l
439,63S 1 439,6:3!\
1.464 1,4tH l
90, .1ðO ' OO,5
01
1. 02.:1 I,O:?-I
66,690 66,690'
I62,20b 162,20,1
6,196 6.19ß1
201,460 20 1 , 460
4()3,670 40:3,6;0
2,513.059 2,513.0.')9
1,226 1,226
I,OOb,06:? 1,006,062
397,095! 397,095
t\ ,90:1 ,9:111 :s ,!I!I.) ,011
216,805 2;1,959
147,860 J.t
, 1-16
4
, 181 4S,216
6,369,355 6, :3;9, 5
:J
IhO 11\2
280,066 284,3;9
79 ;9

1 31

10,]
!1!t7

21,04-1
20,35

7,lf

1. ð ìU .
5!1.9.,).,)
t ,:i15,.,,1

1. 122
. 2,561

51,127

64,155
7,
3Q

15;
40,979
11
5,929

(b

It 1:i3,I'
1
2

. O

I
3.)_, L.,
6.6411,
3S:J, \I:?:-
I
11
. -1:;1)
97. -ltjt I
1-12.551- !
1,lj.H,2m
;7 , O;}() !
.!3,3-1",:H
'
477,OìO
1,152,9:;6
51, -IU
1.343. !I....
I
.:t,71' ,v..

31
20

1.1H.-I
('
4,OY3,
9
45.95::!
M1. 210
l,fi61
316,6:;;

,
54. -163
I)!I

53.015
;1'.,.132
4,O

233,459.
2,');) , 35ì I
1,795,438 1
911
NJ'.059
ff.) 50 _,
...._, 0)1
ti, ;:1. ,21.i
164,2.'))
"U'I 9')4
Þ4

tl
8,402, 351 1
29,41-1
2,960,721.,1
2-1-1 1
454, 42

aa
523,7321

1M

11,_07,_., I
I
2;; , !'
5
354.21.')
6,640 1
3
()"),
. ,. - I
3.s1'\.2_H
195, tit:?,

4-12, r..'J(ì
1, b54. 211!1
ï7,056
23,-I-I
,342
-Iì;,070
1. IbO. 120 1
5.1 , 3 1.')
1. .:161. -111
-i3, 1
/'671
1. 6.12. oj
4,601, ;16 1
4;,0;4
6-1:
, to..'J:?
1,661
316,6.57
64'
54. t6:
1
fi!"
,')3,015'
;
, .U:!
4.0
1
233, -159
2:)5, .3:0-:0-
1,795,59
:

Ill
ðO
.059
442,669 1
",!:S;S,;,')2
I
22ð,414

17.76:3
I
42,434
8,40 , 2,351 1
29,5
.')
3,004,4-12
2.')5 1
460,3

aa
523,732,

6
,'!3,)

1,4:?'J
1.
71

13.062 1
15, biï l
2.2ti

2.1-1 5 1
6.')2
112.064!
I
3,IH ,;)ì-l

I"','" '11.1 1
2U
,4!'h
3:?:J, 3 iO
6,: J1W I
15". 1011
97, .m4
7!1, 1:

I
47
.0;3
1. -115. 561
94. h9b
2
.!Nj,lil)7
1,:JOl,2ô6
19, ;64. ]37
1.2;0,:-.-11
1,433,51b

-'t
..,

,3G.

19'.'1'7" 1
20..,.07; 3
326, !I;O
6.:Uì!1 J
45
}, ](Ib l
526 , 0 ]
;;
330,71!1
I
4"1I.:U..!1 ,
1,41.;,561' 4'
94,

,

2
. %Iì, 66;
I.301.2(ì(ì'
HI, 766, 21'\2' 9
I, 271. -t!I:J I
1,686.1.39 1 10
57 tU
,3"

11,707

U5,
t6

1,305.512
5 , O:J
, 000
I
35,61!1
l,lO ô ,4:m;
5,4!I.i
1,001,5;.') 1
1,2hl
81,841-
1.29
1
101,267
1 ;7 , 1;0
3,102 1
211,345 ,
3h2, 5.H
2,526,4í2
I,7tji l
1,534,172
1,056,794 ,
1 I , 131 ,..t..

1 {I;j() 2!11 11
5: 9!1.3:03ði
:\5, lil9 1 t

1,118,133 1:1
5,49,,) 1-1
1.001,.=);.')
1,2
1, 15
b I, '4

1, :?
tH 11
101.26;
177 ,170 17
3, 106 1

211, .=)XO
3S2, ;70 19
2,526,503 20
1,;6; 21
1,534,172
1,0.')6,929 22

150
216
I:!

135

11,759,;09

346,824 232,461 579,285 23
21,250 26U, 973 2R2, 223 2t
-I 20,OH7 20,01'; 25
1.02h l 5,387,416 5,388.444
29; 14,330 14,62; 2'
"2, 67:J 2.175,077 2,25;,870 1
13 1 142 155 27
61.
14 4-13,968 505, lto.21
- I 52 52 28
- I 542.643 542,64:i.

394

TRADE AND COJIJIERCE

1l.-Imvorts of Canada from the rntted Kin
dom, the rntted states and All Countries in
quantitil's and values by class('s ent('red for eonsumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con.

xo.1

1918.

All enited
Countries. Kingdom.
-
5,733 -
6,012.343 2,134
1,108 -
1,010,269 -
33,643 -
238,816 -
6,090 32
739,355 28,769
16,lmS,171 100,89-1
2,466,245 9,302
633,310 36,503
227,585 51,398
233,507 32,045
490,817 80,077
702, 104 9,186
347,530 1,574
. 118,455 41
883,795 2
297,239 150,763
860,442 2,626
4,401,623 369,46S
101,817 -
326,017 -
24,631 -
103,203 -
15,137 1,227
348,741 32,334
299,196 5,640
17,509 -
330,767 -
875,840 14,097
706,266 68,680
1,501 -
386,474 -
61,n4 -
12,549 1
722, 05;
')-

a
353,975 213
54 -
220,214 -
423,767 275
601,738 2,265
- -
84,992 25,441
114 -
597,628 -
204,619 -
106,055 -
- -
- -

Principal articles by clas
es.

-I

\". Iron and its products-con.
IEngines-concluded.
1 Portable engines with boilers in combina-
, ation and traction engines for farm Xo.
I purposes . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
2 Traction engines, gad or g
soline for farm Xo.
purpo:;es, costing not more than $1,400. $
3 Pumps, hand, n.o.p.. No.
t $
4: I Pumps, power and parts of.
o.
, $
Total boilers, engines, "ind-
mills and pumps ......
ã Castings...... . . . . . . . . _ . .
6 Chains.......
Cutlery-
7 Knives and forks of steel, plated or not. .
8 Pen knives, b.ck-knives and pocket-
knives. . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . .
9 All other cutlery....... ... .. .
Hardware-
10 Builders' cabinet makers, etc. . . . . .. . . . . .
11 Locks of alJ kinds. . . .
12 Butts, and hinge
. . . . . . . . . .
13 Nails, spikes and tacks. ..,
1 1
j Needles and pins. . . . . . . . . . . . .
u Nuts, rivets and bolts, etc..

Total cutler)! and hardware.

Excavation and road machinerv-
Scrapers, railroad and road -. . .
Steam shovels and electric shovels. . .. .
Household machinery-
18 Carpet sweepers and hand
cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sewing machines.....

16
17

19

vacuum
o.
$

o.
S
"

o
21

Sewing machines, parts of.........
'" ashing machines, domestic. . . . . . .

Xo
$

1Iining machinery-
22 Mining, s
elting and reducing machinery,
etc............................... -...
23 Ore crushers and rork crushers, stamp
mills, etcH' . . .. ......
Office or business machinery-
24 Adding and calculating machines... .
2;j C
h registers and parts of. . . . . .
26 Typewriting machines.... ......

o.
1}
"

o.
S

Printing and bookbinding machinery-
27 Machines, specially designed for ruling,
etc................. .
Newspaper printing pre;:;ses. . . - - .

$
Xo.
:$
"

28

29
:jO

Printing presses and lithographic pre.:;Sf'::I
Typecastlng and typesetting machines,
etc................... .
Other machinery-
Air-compressing machines 1 .... .
Coal-handling machine
......
Cranes and derricks. _ . . .

Xo.
$
"

31
32
33

31 Cyclometers, pedometer;'!, etc. . . ..
3ã Fire-extinguishing machines, etc.......
36 Lathes, power.. ..... ......
37 ).iachine drills... . - . .

luded with ore an.1 rock crushers, 1918 and 1919.

r ni ted
Kingdom.

2
1,154

3
520
2:3
14,551
66,626
16,123
17,116
101,770
34,ï05
91, 828
22,988
2,367
188
278
103,750
3,155
388,623

"

s
"

1, tj:3
26,000
8,894
1
15

s

5,721
21,571

108
1
6,327
879
50

s
"

2,824
1
22,062

enited
States.

5,731
6,011,189
1,108
1,010,269
33,640
238,296
6,065
724,453
16,(I
8,92t<
2,449,993
615,434
124,348
172, 104
384,662
679,080
344,831
118,267
883,512
193,086
857,287

3,9.H,911

101,817
326,017
24,631
103, 203
13, 94;

321,203
290,302
17,508
330,752

2
27

864,464
684,695
1,499
386,050
61,n4
12,545
721,986

353,867
53
213,887
422,888
601,688

82,168
113
575,566
204,619
106,055

I J1 PVUTb OF C.rLV ID
I

n.)

11.- (1II1)urIS of Canada frolll tlu.' (nlt('d h.lnt.!dorn. tlu. ('nlted
(a(t"s and \11 (.uun(rh.... In
(,uanUUes and ,alue
b) ('tass('s ('11(('rul for (,oll"UIUI)(lunln (lit' four ft
('31 ) ('ars 191
19
1 -con.

1919.

l nih>cl I All l-mtt>ù
:'tut. ('ountr:(>.... l\.in
dom

627
1. 4 "'1. 304
U.4;oo.O
14.078.663
1.').352
:W6.402
6.:U3
!Hlô,772

')." ,.3',6 11 '

1. 9.J8,1'I74
.ilit.413.-

I:>O.r-tJO

:!16,29

,;02,576

52:J. S-t.;
407.4U3

:;.600
3H5. 1 n:J
:?16. 1 1 1
,"1....:;.461

3.273.611

It 1. .3:>0
2U5. .198
Is. 2M
97.6.59
9.230
:!u7.719
392.707
11. 923
276.921

';'51.325
753.248
1,554
557,364
I:!O,470
12,048
7
7.56l

375.458
46
237.0ðO
bl,l00
746,536

357.572
111
503.849
143.731
117,127

627
1.482.438
14.480
14,078.663
1
,352
206.402
6.377
93.:;, '02
1
.)5 ,
39, .6.1

1.948.':>M
601.732
202.402

271. 405
601.421'-

533.62:?
418.189
85. Ml
:J!I.1. HI6
433.905
5"
.0
9
I, 710,S'6 1
61 , 3.=>0
:!05.5f1R
18,2t)
97.659'
10. 457 1
300.053
398.347 1
11. 92:J
276,921

765,422
821,928
1.554
557. 36-1 1
120,470
12,054'
787,666'

375,671
46
237,080
481,375
74ð, 801

383,013
111
503,849
14:J. 73 I
117 ,1
ìl

.).)

I I
37.361
1,."') :I i i
43,336
29
,792
1
139, S5!
229.94:?!
lô4,2(H

.)
. 67"
8,127
1,853
51
215.95 ;
4 , 382 \

l .4: 0

2.07!,
59. 572!
26,956 1

18,851
14,59-

1,320

74,139
600
15,626
97
12,448
65. :3S2

19!0.

.\11 '.nih'.1
Countri\.'s. Ki
do1ll.

l 111 h'd
:-\t'1h'""

4')"
1, 282,2:)5

6.797
5,916.926.
2"1.
":-"
247,47S
· 5, Stj1,
91O,jl3

2"!, .11.) ,.U 9
I, 9.'JR,
111
709,2ib
200. 424 1
19
....
2
517.4221
1
6.'>7,4i2
.:>60. 380 1
116.300
no. 103
308.126,
45ï,5
O

3.3'.) ..9

n
. 7U7
39::), 195
18,9h.1
280.541
13,S75
:>12,129
494.257
10.697
4S5,975

3
108

oM, 654
408, 118
2,133
923,512
225,994
15,397
1,042,345

52.:>

519,975
81
365, 127
582, 103
899,994
249,639
102,777
121
1,005,199
253,190
159,544
741,330
975,031

45

"')"
1,282,285
6.797
5,916.926
2h,910
247,922
5.907
\148.074

2"! , "66 ,:1,') I

2,001. 765
1,00
,800
407,493

4.i!1.792.
702,34U
1
6 "I j. 200
57
,7M'
11
,15:i
170.22:1
533,631 I
4til,%::!
I
., C , .)n
" .., "I
13
, 70i \
3\1S.1

1
.
I
:;I
280,541
1;J, "."ilJi
5il. TiO
521,2l:JI
10.69;.
4s5, 975 1
884,7bÚ
422,715

2,133
923,512
2:?5, 994
15,403
1,042,531

521,295
81
365,12.
582,62

000,039
323,77fo.
103,377
121
1,020, 825 1
253' 860 1
159,641
753,778
1,040,416

1'1!1.

\ .nitcd
:-;hh'
.

:\0

\11
('oant rie:;.

1.003 1.003 1
6,276 2,440,045 2,4413,321

241
3,411
1.I:J
:>2, ;)M/

5i't; G.) I

4ti,713
308,571

417.2.;1

56.3, 927,
449.ð24
79.20:J !
" 22,.111
1. :)\)-\
2.7b9
3 ,.) 1 '-'1'
..
. 1
:' I
' -I
1 f);J" J"J

4,
36
2,27;)1
83 . sOO
62.,.11
1
21

26,873
59.400

58
3,046

8,38-1

7,172
248
41,960
1,759
4
31,560
152
22, 76:i
IS7,915

11. 402
10,lliO,949
22.956
293.451
6.134
1,201.506

.j !"
u, UI"

2,3
6,21h
994, 18 0
301, 74

104.2!}7
543,92i

703.950
676.41

16-\,U7:o-
300. 337 1
:?S7.7:m
569, !1!ll\
3, Sl.j'
"".1
111,64:J
569,722'
S.161 1
154,i25
s,
Util
377 .559
613.0:i!'ì
9,469
615.165

658,501
729.420
2,606
953,253'
322, 007 1
14, 792
998.4"ï
777,OOi

i
648,377
982,937
1,244,256
263,219
166,818
10-1
848, 157
178,290
115,098
542,246
744,169

11.402 2
10, 1611,94!1
23,8.14' 3
2t1S, !IO II
6,2
01
1,255,241 1
2;) ,hUG, 10:1 1
2.3s.J,t.ti:.., .j
1 , 304 , 6;) 1 6
723,916 7

7U4,225

1.056,626 9
;1'\-1,815 10
702, U2 11
165,6-\2 n
303,578 I:J
6:Jli,10.) U
57"1, I 70 I..

5,"91t,k77

111.M3 1b
5ü9.722 Ii'

. 16:> to;
154. 7tH
H.OSI 19
461,449.
675, !lfi!1 .
,)
9,4701 21
615,486

691,O
4 '?2
788, 820
1
2,622 2-1
955,373
322.007 2..
14. R!J3 26
1.001,5b7

791.029 27
87
8
648,377
9!ll, 12
29

1 , 244, 504 :IU
305,179 31
168,577 32
108 33
879,717
178,442 :U
151,09
35
565,337 3.$
932,0>)4 37

896

TRADE A_VD COJIJIERCE

H.-Imports of Canada from the rnlted Kln
dom. the rnlted States and All Countries in
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 191"-1921-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

v. Iron and its product.,-con.

Other machinery-con.
1 Paper and pulp machinery. . . . . . .

2 Rolling-mill machinery. . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . .
3 Saw-mill machines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ "
4 Te
tile machinery of a class or kind not "
made in Canada and parts of..... . .....
Other machinery composed wholly or
in part of iron or steel and parts of. . . . "
Rolling mill products-
6 Rolled iron or steel and cast
teel in bars, cwt.
bands, hoops, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Rolled iron or steel hoop, scroll or strip, c\\ t.
X'o. 14 gauge and thinner....... ..... .. $
Rolled iron or steel hoop, band, scroll or cwt.
strip, 14 gauge and thinner, gab;anized $
Steel, rolled, for saws and straw cutters, cwt.
not tempered or ground. . . . . . . $
Bar iron or steel, rolled.. . " cwt.
$
lb.
$
Iron and steel railway bars or rails.. _. . _ ton
$
Shafting, round, steel, in bars, etc. . . . . . ., cwt.
$

5

1

8

9

10

11

Forgings of iron or steel. .. . . _

12

13

14
15
16
11
18
19

Plates and sheets-
Boiler plate of iron or steel. _ . . . . . . . . . . . cwt.
$
Canada plates, Russia iron, terne plate. _ cwt.
$
.._.' cwt.
$
Rolled iron or steel plates not less than cwt.
30 inches in width. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . _ . . . $
Rolled Iron or steel plates or sheets, ewt.
sheared or unsheared, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . $
Holled iron or steel sheets, polished or cwt.
not... . .. . .. . . . . . . ...... . " .. ........ $
Sheets, flat, of galvanized iron or steel. .. cwt.
$
Skelp iron or steel, sheared or rolled in cwt.
grooves. _ ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . _ . . . _ . . $
Rolled round wire rods of iron or steel. .. cwt.
$
Rolled iron or steel angles, tee
, beams, cwt.
etc.... .... . .............. _......... $
Rolled iron or steel angles, beams, chan- cwt.
nels and other rolled shapes, etc... ..... $
Steel plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt.
$
$

Iron sheets and plates. tin. . . . . . . .

20

21
22
23
24
25
26

Seamless steel or wrought-iron boiler
tubes. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tota) rolling mID products.. .. ..,

2'1
m
lt
;:! products. . . ... . .. .. _. . . . . _ . __ .. . ..
2
::::iprlngs....................... ... ........
29 Stamped and enamelled products. . '" . . . .. .
30 Tools and hand implements... . . . _ .
Vehicles, chiefly of iron-
31 Automobiles, freight. . .... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

32
33

No.
$
Automobiles, passenger........... ..... '" No.
$
"

Automobiles, parts of.. . . . . . .

Toh) vehicles, chlefty of iron.. " .

rnited
Kingdom.

104,581

113,319

273,726

51. 159
970,892

2.245
36,352
121
4,752

12.321
84,116

1,257,883

1918.

G ni ted
States.

1
32

1,204,881
415,963
226,697
2,075,137
14,649,179
1,941,724
12,718,146
148,029
923,118
223,640
1,181,933
26,267
405,818
987,749
3,232,438
14:,025,081
1,214.386
15,671
637,740
70,093
310,096

418
1, 781

151,527
835,557
172 , 86:

891,744
1,270,796
9, 85:
, 542
257,662
1,024,965
141,357
590,659
1, 2:
:
, 139
7,334,705
227,557
1,596,143
1,387,117
4,670,924
1,044,919
3,337,014
889,868
3,192,717
1,317,:U8
4,651,450
263,502
1,121,225
1,484,243
70,69S,5Jb

224
1,905

7,981

804,744 5,463,412
306. 271,090
32,379 3,355,075
15,627 1,547,958
- 964
- 1,275,179
- 16,118
- 11,317,245
17,408 6,653,946

"
"

II

All P ni ted
Countries. Kingdom.

1,320,450
415,963
226,889
2,1
b,456
14,943,662
1, 99:
, 628
13,696,34,1)
148,029
923, 11

22:
, 640
1,181,933
28,512
442,170
987,870
3,237,190
14,025,081
1,214.386
15,672
6:H, 772
70.093
310,096

151,527

35,557
172,863
891. 744
1 , 283, 117
9,937,658
257,662
1,024.965
141,357
590,659
1.233,557
7,336.486
227,557
1,596,143
1 , 387, 11 ï
4,670,921
1.044,919
3,337,014
889,868
3,192,717
1,317,542
4,653,355
263,502
1,121,225
1,492,224
71,980,581

6,268,156
271,414
3,:
93,093
1,566,155
964
1,275,179
16,118
11 , 317 , 245
6,671,419

39,583, 21,901,712 1 2l,917,G55

616

127,5i7
353,058
39,517
1,310,379

156
4,019
i29
2,768
56,805
4,703

1,301
6,808

b95
11,lì6

260
1,532

460
1,763
68

2,297

16,3Sð

1,639,351

2,124.757
319
50.790
16,908
3
11, 330

11 , 995
55,;97

1.11 PO/(7'8 OF' C 1.Y lD
l

397

u. Irnlwrts of ('nllada from thr "III(.'d hllla!dnm. tht' "III(('d Stat.'
.uul .\11 Conlllrl.'s III
CIU311UUt'S alld ulut'
h) d;,
s.'
c'nlt'rt'd for c'on
nml)Uon In tht' four 'b('al ) ('ar
19l1S-19'>>1 -con.

, . ,t 4, a53:01l 116: 256 2,979,161 3.116:007 6
< .r;s 5.>GÚ82 I 6: 497:'llrJ
",351, 47
11
136.6931 136,69.J, 21.869 161.090 1
2.959 b9,060 4l!Ui 7:1 .j08.733

O1l, 100 NI
J, 100 163,
S3 912.bHJ 1.076.702 91:12,085 2.51'14,206 3 , .i66 , :!!11
1.329.151 1.329. 151 1 - 1,706. ;"'9 1, 706, 7
9' - 2. O.jS. 050 2,0.i8,050
4.439,i
5 4, "39, i
,) - 4.3:10,5' '1 4, 330. 5
ól - 6,052.i93 6.0.'i2.793
1-91,00:!
91.0021 - 625,126 6"- 1')6 - 562,009 .')62,009
-;).

2,"
.02
2,4M.028 - 1.515, 169 1,51.,). 169 1 - 1. t:m. ":36 1.630."36
610,6".') 611.105 2il 41t.i.i,"':? 417.053 l.aOð 998.022 1 \lm).:J:m
1.929.3().j 1.931.06i 1,693 1.135.34"'1 1,137.0"1 Il,M6 2,b71.516 2. SS3. :362
1. 14:? 46t: 1. U:3. 14S - I, 06
1. 0371 1.069.0371 1. i21 2.038,791, 2,040.512
3.57..039 3.579.3:36 - 2.82-1,277 2.82".277 ".411 5.962.361 5,9ü6.772
lSl,
57 "'\1.257 - 2.2.222 272.222 1 - 52.;, SIOj .52.').810
594 . 355 ,i!:J4 . 355 - .2\1,
2i <29' 02 1 - 1,532,521 I. .j:t?, .521
2,176.229 2,192.617 67.653 1,2.52.973 1.320.626 134."83 2.505.642 2.640.125
&.1 ,IH3 ,161 1,.;OS,'1' (1,71;,551 13,429 ,3G5 .., idS, 2.)
,
6
,1.i1,"
(, iU,;.')o,35
75 ,GUt ,65..
".436. ïl3 6. .'i90.li2\J 266.7"2 1.....2.401 1.709.143 753.657 3.i5O.261 4.5'13.053
407.103 407.5ð3 791 738.353 739. I.'):! 2.329 557.121 559. 4.'>4
2.100. 2
9 2. 1.52.
38 66.244 947.306 1.016.77. 100.209 937.027/ 1.041.515
1.519.337 1.53
.859 95.466 1.942.0a6 2.050.286 199.366 2,315.480 2,562.029
1,741 I. i.... 7 2.26. 2.2i" 22 I.ß83 l.i06
2,263,418 2.2.4.7"8 19,945 3.811.139 3.831.054 100.32,5 3.476. 163 1 3.578.938
6.4ï3 6.473 3 10.802 10.805 12 5.910 5.926
5.326.510 5.326,510 8.134 11.196.327 11.20".4611 53.781 8.339.704, 8.399.537
6.64
.7ï5 6.660.770 14.034 12.660,7b9 12.6.4.823 30.601 11.729.731 11.760.367

650 ,%31 , 17 ,406,216, 110,,31 1 31,186,952 31,l'I9;,9
ClI 327,i)4'7 26 ,:j93 ,390 26,129,697
I

HIH}.

lO ni too I . \11
:--tat('
. Count ri('o.

("nited
I
in&(lom.

.t;1.577: 762.193 2
,60"
-120.792 4:?0. 7!12
118.06t)\ 119 . 0;)6
:? ,II
I. 1.')11 2.209.22
21'\.
7:?
10.IH.3971 16.327.451 57
.050
1..365.437/ I. "O\J. 0.2 56. 1-.5
10,O:m.37:! l1,4HI.193 \)20.7-\1'
162.06
162.068 606
;...O,O!16 iN).on6 3.
H
141.112 141. 112 :? It> I
701,261 ïO 1. 261 14 . 9'\ ;
21.315 21.291 1
350.338 354,35ï 11
I.U:H.292 1.035.1I
1
3.211.132 3.213.900
3.3\6.913 3.613.7IS
3ï9.076 3
3. 7ï
1
10. 236 10. 236
&-16. :--30 546.
m
"7.Mli "7.S17
2.....394 244.394

ô7.70S
1. 21", 821
135.941
.4.').016
1.448.880
11.26.1, 164
.. '\7.549
1.63i.2ì3
153.3."7
573.361
i... i 371

2tj9.00!1
1. 221. 6:?9
1:35.941
745.016
1.....9.775
11.2.". :
40,
4S7. .'>49,
1.6:31,273,
1.=)3 . 35 i
573. 364 1
.
.') 6:n

7:'
1.411 1
1.934
l.i.4....,j
9.47t/
1.....661

15 1')0

HI:?O.
I "nited
:-'t.,t('
.

1.041.635
533.:ms
2tlO.125

2.901,1-1;2

17.a
6.lb

.012
5, ð.\5. b:U

122,,') 12
,')01.636
1:\11. ,'),) I
6
:? 1b6
')5 ')73
323:559
b...
.221
1.
.'>4.011
2.914,a9
1
194,160
7.206
J70....24
31. 26"-
IH,
71
14
.
5
52.;.la3'
174.010.7,
901.722
92R.7i1
6.5,;6.216
419.M3
l.lt;S.601
2..6.9.1
",;
. 598
5"'2 :?ti4

\11
Count ril's.

I. 321 J'3

5:J3. au"
200.12.i1
I
3.120,13 ,
1",.06:>.131 1 ,
1.061. ill)
6. 926. b-\
)I
123.11".,
50-1. t\i i
!"!.
I:
! I
,0, .3_;)
2.').274'
32.3, 57U I
c,s'\ 221
1,t\.,).:OIl
2.91".3H

HIt, It)6:
i.206
370.h2'"
31,26... 1
1-1-1,80; 1
14!1.2i'"
.')27 . :>44
175.021
917.20;
9:\1'\. 2" ';'
6.674.877
419. '-I.,
I, 16
: 601
211..971

.)
,59

597 (j().

1921.

l-nih'd
Kingdom.

No,

enited
:::;tute::..

-\11
Countries.

6
.110 1, 711. 7H.i 2.4
7.993 1
.H
646.0xïl 646.635 "!
1."2(, 320.543 321.969 3
1.210.....9 I
.- 10 I 6.01.'). 191
,la" tJ J
1.066.0 19.704. ().)O
0.977.3411 .J
1.'):3. i ,')8 1.9.i.212 2.140.5iS G
2.22:3.5il 11. ,,)
i. 594 13.b76.312
8.:3i2 :?12.71
221.090 7
75.401 1,15ð.61t 1.234.01.')
6. iï:1 2 Uì. U:3.') 224.!lS5 S
7".496 1.132....

1,214.750
269 aO.s74 :U.H.3 ,
:!4,4i5 4,...:3. .. 77 507.9.')2
m)(} 1.669.82;; 1.6ïO.51H 10

. Oil 4.600.005 4. 611S, 916
19.
1!11') 5.4\12.046 5.512.04" 11
1.510 3!IO. a:i2 391.842
20,224 :!0.22" 12
{},<}.191 {lhO, 1 !II
.:;3 79.36. i9."20 1:1
2.170 405.575 407,7.15

!.J. :!"'!I
ð9.4..9
21. 5'-1
29i.317

:!liO, 900
I.U40.554
1

.167
1.153. G,')!}
1.1ö4.1
2
8.60';.139

77 . 637'
2,603.4211
3s.>. .')00
1,17S.-174

6 1'3

21 ill , 900 H
1 . 040 . 5.')4
197."56 1..
1. 2"
. lOx
1.lk.j.7it 16
S,'}(12.463
R77.47
17
2.00:3.921
3
:3 64:3 h
I. 1711: !l2ti
I 047 069 19
:..0

t

143
1. 4;;

60 63..

'r

3

2-1

2;)

%1

7
2

29
3ft
31
32
33

.

398

TRADE AND COltIAIERCE

H.-Imports of Canada from th{' '{ nited Kingdom. the rnit('d States and All Conntriet;; In
quantities and values by classes {'otered for consumption in the four fiscal years I9I8-1921-con

No.

Principal articles by classes.

V. Iron and its products-concluded.

Wire--
1 Barbed fence wire of iron or steel.

2 Wire, curved or not, gah;anized iron or
steel, Nos. 9, 12, 13 gauge.. . . ... cwt.
$
3 Wire rope, stranded or twisted wire. .. . . . $
4 "Vire, steel, valued at not less than 21c.
per lb. for the manufacture of rol)e.. .. . cwt.
$

Total wire. . ., .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other iron and steel products-
5 Axle and axle parts, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6 Fittings, iron Or steel, for iron or steel pipe. "
'ì Locomotive and car wheel tires, in the
rough........ ............. ............. cwt.
$
8 )Ianufactures, articles or wares of iron or
steel, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . - . .. .-

Total iron and Its products...

VI. Non-f{'rrons metals and their pr(Jduct
.

Aluminium and its products-
9
i\lumina. . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... cwt
$
10 Aluminium in ingots, blocks, etc. . . . . . . .. lb.
$
11 Aluminium, manufactures of.. . . . . . . . . . . . "
Total alum1nium and its
prod nets "

..2

Brass and its products- .
Brass in bars and rods, coIls. etc. . . . . . . .. cwt.
$
Brass, old and scrap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt.
$
Brass in strips, sheets or plates, not polish-
ed. . . . .' .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. c'S t.
Brass tubing, not polished, etc. . . . . . . . . .. lb.

Wire cloth, or woven wire of brass........
Manufactures of brass, n.o.p..... ....... ..
Total brass and its products. . .. .

13
14

15

16
17

IS

Copper and its products-. .
Copper, in bars and rods, m coIl or other-
wise..... .' _....................... cwt.
$
Copper, in blocks, pigs or ingots. . . .. . . . .. l
.
Copp('r, in strips, sheets or plates, not
polished.... .... .......... .... ... ...... cwt.
$
Copper, tubing in lengths of not less than
6 feet. _... " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lb.
$
Copper, !ill other. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
Total copper and its products. . .

19
20

21

22

., cwt.
$

"

1918.
-
Cnited r ni ted All C ni ted
Kingdom. States. Countries. IGngdom.
- 318.89ï 318,897 -
- 1,381,125 1,381,125 -
- 464,544 4('1.544 -
- 1,696,939 1,696.939 -
341,859 328,400 670,728 503, 30.:;
24, 5.12 23,349 47,901 15,790
177. i38 167,467 345,205 140,32.s
516,210 5,011,382 5,558,086 i 586,991
107 2,586,322 2,586.429 3.103
5,n96 923,854 928,950 lU
I
- 196,704 196,704 453
- 1,614,444 1,614,444 4,869
lð8,943 10.243,548 10,464,001 149.966
,l,3!5,33
189,169,9U 195,2!ð,'ì13 6,132,2il
- 1,651,097 1,651.097 -
- 1,755,720 1,755,720 -
21,280 718,034 739,314 llö, 65

3,295 315,149 318,444 48,291
160 128,370 133,121 407
4,9'>2 2,-120,05; 2,4
9,849 , t8,n3
- - - -
- 425,192 425,192 -
- 10,654 11,619 -
- 250,175 269,090 -
- - - -
301 360,741 361,042 135
- 845,588 845,588 3,020
- 354.972 354,972 60ï
31,760 436,668 468,428 38,8.j5
53,060 2,024,886 2,087,504 31, 523
85 ,'
U 4,
29,33" 4,913,021 ì1,3;,)3
- 190,675 190,675 -
- 5,543,741 5,543,741 -
- 5,279,100 5,279,100 -
- 1,475,158 1,475,158 -
237 20,446 20,683 -
9, III 766,088 775,199 -
- 927,265 927,265 -
- 429,302 429,302 -
10,851 308.212 323,652 2.991
19,!. G2 1 8,522,591 8,5-17 ,052 1 2,991

I!tfPORTS OF C"LYAÐ.l

39!)

11. Tml)(trt
uf Canada frum tht' 1 nltt'(1 h.ln
(lom. ttw 1 nU,'" ""bt\'s and \11 ('ollntrh'" In
quanUU'
and UIUf' b) clibse
entered for con
llInl)UOllln the four tlM'al ) ,'ars 191
-1921 -con.

1919
l"nitec.l I \11
:-itat08. Countri',

Ht?O.

All I (nitl'd
Countric::s. Kingdum.

HI:! I.

.

o.

l nt ted
KiÐJZ;llum.

l"niteå

tatt. .

(' nited

tnh':4.

.-\11
COllnt rip",.

2-1 1.
6" 1
I,UbO,-1;;:-
3ïS. 'di l
1,49
,
lå
4;
0. ïö'
.U.92;
.')uo, 73

241, t-li'\
I,O
, .)

4
:.!, M\2
2.0;;6,0\12

.b:!.
9:!
2, O.')Ò , 092

3;
, 8;!;
1,-i9.!,
7å
93; 0:!4

blS 1\1,

321.2:!o
1.0
6.:.!5ï
3 ')- s"')
_I,' __I

321.:!20
l,m
6, :?57 1
946 020

24.i
') 9"1
1 000: 5
;

us. 5;;-1
I, \13-1. I.j\1
366, l(j2
1,424,500
332,996

418,554 t
I, tI;
4, 15!1
366, 40;

1,-127,421
I 333 712 3

211,73.:;
11,2-16
1
'I,M6

,
I 60,717 28,ü12 21, -1;m 50,1J
1 54,
N) 52,337 107,223
I 641 , Ot>t> 300,611 19.;, U...,' 1!15,6!I.j 757,2.'); 50'),413 1,259,6711
I I
I ,j ,.;lI9 ,.
9. ',-6, "'69 J,......(ì ,OUt! ,j , "1:1 , (ï!:1 2,021,.....(i .), ( "1 ,bt3 8,ul
,. "d
3. 529. 6<..1
I 2.026.&81 5,977 3,.323.63:. 332 2.46f1,

1' 2, Iii!), 6:
(j
, i"'U, 06.; 6,J3
1. 021. 290 1, 02ï, :?t.i' I 17,234 I, Ow, fib:: I,US2,b21o.
I
192,21-1 8,4...') 95,000 103,.3ið 73.658 lðS,b3
2ô2. 2!11I
1. 635, 64 i i:!,:!17 619.-1U Utll.6JO 606,137 1,091.1:!0 1,697,25i
11, 107,9')1) 21\7,;34 D.
1O, 907 10, 112, 13
1I
2,369 12,55,j,512 13,293,3b:..
19! ,d...; ,3;; ',S31, ,,1 lì ,661,'" I
G,:J19,ð11i I ti, 1i'f
U"..
"!(j ,
G
,4G.
2 I.) , fi'!' 1.i3
I
I I
1, 902, 2
11J - 43-1,5i2 434. 57:.t1 - 1,IM,313 1, 181,3t.

2,
96,721 - 1, -16.j, 37:. I, 4h.j, 37
- 1,67.';, U2U 1,675,020
2

.3íl 201. 09 1, 01 i, 40U 1,21'\.494' :?
y. \'41' 1.4U9,7\19 1, 6.)11, Obi
114,756 64. ""I 2Y7, -107 362. :!tlh 9
,-15b 46ð.052 566, flH
202,726 2,6W 283,351 2y,j, b.jU, b,954 330,46:? 361,22i
2,':16, l
"! 4' ,46.
,liliO ,.lj'! t ,111 '3";1 "o,'} , '01 3 ,()13 ,911/ 3,2;)2,2:1&
- 57ï 14.3SÓ H,95;' -1,231 17,341 21 , ã ;3
211. 735 11,637 347. -1,j;? 3.;9. 0"'1 91,
11 31'\6,7b
478,634
11 , 536 8b9 17.15b 18.59U 23.61'>5 19,b6.!1 41,OU.;
192,537 18,813 204.110 22;,317 390,000 270,4U6 66:J, 46:--
- 41 14,i03 14,744 2,037 11 , 291 13,334
HO.197 1,3Si 401. :
45 402,733, 66.574 309,-186 376,35()
58-1,257 99,07-1 664.i
2 763, b56 1 2S2.363 74ð, 154 1,0:3U,676
238,
38 3
. 106 243,8
' 21'\1,9M' 103,524' 263,237 366,8

4i7.5;4 7ï.3U7 323,537 400,844 'I, 56"1 381,615 4h9,788
2.059.-:12-1 89,776 2,05U,781 2,163, 441 1 229,9"2 2,473,200 2,735.360
-
,1,.j;J1,UO 2.J
,.'i.J ì ,I "so..; ;H I ., , .l65 , ì .')6 949,tiii 5,O.;5,1;
4; ,09
,Gr
165,926 - 2U6.7h3 2H6, 7"':
183 331,707 331,890
4,014,210 - 6,037,473 6.037,473/ ;,127 5,716,937 5,724,064
3,591,000 - 4.
t)6,76
1 4,ðÔ6, 76
', - 7,448,447 7,44
,447
SS6,395 - 1,021, 205 1 , 021. 20
- l, 396, 327 1,396,32;
13.2.;9 I.j.) 1.5,42.'; 13, 5bO I 129 19,958 20,09,1
404,4;;6 5,421 4-15,921 451,342 -1,509 581,606 5b6,399
4-16,338 36.779 4-19,561 I 15;0,.791 765,517
4
6,34U 924.305
1":18,779 10,396 156,940 167,336 1 66,264 253,
72 319,536
503,öð2 38,03b 78,j.411
!)0,6ï6 319, 660 1 l,lS5,054 1,586,200

,.j6S ,03,jl
5, !Þ!Þ7 , ;'!2 5:1,8.i5 X ,4-16 ,9.')3 39; 610 1 9,133,196 9,612,52"
, I I I ' I

.j, -"1'" ,c;:n

2,O:?3,77b
i ....j. IJ,j;J

191, 731
1. 630, 7ïö

;)
G
1

10.914.11J

:s

I" ).116,309

1, 90J. 2\lb
2.:?J6,721
lti9,719
66,46:;
198,151

9
10

2,.'
,n1

/11

12

13

HO,06J
5M,237
23S,2:n
4;
S, 719
2,017,7-15

1-1

15

16
ti

4,412,131

16.5,926
4,014,210
3,591,000
886,395

lð

19

13.259
404,456
446,338
ISS, 779
500,283

20

21
22

ã ,99-1, 1'!:

400

TRADE
<LYD COJI.JIERCE

11.- Imports of Canada from the rnited Kingdom 9 the enited states and All Countries ill
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con

I
X'0.1
I
I

Principal articles by classes.

1
2
3

VI. Non-ferrous metals and their products-
concluded.
Lead and its products-
Lead, old, scrap, pig and blocks..... ..... lb.
S
"

::\lanufactures of lead, n.o.p. . .. _. _ .
Lead, all other...... .... .. . . .........

Total lead and its produets... - .: .

I
Xickel, cobalt and their product:-.;-
.. German, Nevada and nickel siker... ....
5
ickel plated ware. " _ _. _ _ _ . .
Total nSckel 9 cobalt and their
prodtuts. _ _... _. _ _ _. .., .. . . ... .. "

6 I Precious metals...... . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "
7 Tin and its products. .. .... ........ ...... ."" ... .... .... .. .... ::
8 Zinc and its products... -... .. -. . . . .. . . . "
9 Clocks and watches. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric and gas apparatus-
10 Electric batteries, storage. .. . '" .. . . . . . .. No.
5
"

11
1'2
13
H

Electric dynamos and generators..... ....
Electric light fixtures and parts or... .... ::
Electric meters.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - .
Lamps, electric incandescent............. No.
$
:\lotors, electric, generators and dynamos $

15

Total electric and gas apparatus.

16 Printing n1aterÌals... "" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . "
17 Lamps, side lights, head lights, etc... .. .,. "
IS Ores of metals, n.o.p.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. cwt.
S

Total non-ferrous metals and
theif products......... . . . . . $

VII. Non-metallic minerals and their
products.
Clay and clay products-
19 Bricks, fire, etc...... .,. .... ., .. ., .., ....
20 Tableware of china, porcelain, etc... " . . .

Total clays a'ld cia)" products....

Coal-

l- Anthracite coal, grate, egg, stove, etc....

t$n }
ton
S
ton
$
ton
$

2'2 Anthracite coal, n.o.p.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2:1 Bituminous, coal, slack, etc. ., .. . . . . . . . . .

24 Bituminous, coal, round. .. .,. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total coal. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ton
$

25 Coke....

ton
$

Total coal and coal products. . .. .

'G ni ted
}{ingdom.

"

309
900
29,264
16,097

"

-16,261

"
"

7,679
30,731

19,219

103,966
1,837,610
963
47,344

21,504
123,287
5,587
133,204

2,,127,615

s
"

165,835
1.482,787
2,301,190

3.280
25.598
6,812
9,190
1,993
4,477

12 ,085
39,265

1918.

United
States.

121.687
1,011,712
101,709
176,226
1,
89,6!7

134,253
1,186.011

1,603,066

1,276,507
388.049
2,047,508
1,543,148

1,893,604
10,799,361
141,186
1,852,334
2.890,618
2,763,157

42,08-1,031

3,305,334
74,454
4,779,925

5,253,014
28,021,628
3, 139. 89

9,125,752
13.251,297
37,138,296
21,6H,2Us
74,285,676

969,932
7,154,014

All
Countries.

122.656
1,016,058
158,010
195,750
1,369,818

141,957
1,226,711

1,66
,279

1,394,338
2,358,710
2,075.425
2,248.934

1.917,861
10,96
,921
149,358
2,596,275
2,890,618
2,763,157

46,203,053

3,471,169
1,967,991
7,520,001

5,256.294
28,047,226
3,146,710
9,134,942
13,253,290
37,142,773

21,656,294
7-1,32-1,941

43,670
1,582,3ð9 81,626,0,11

969,932
7,154,014

rnited
Kingdom.

26
159
8,137
2,613
10,909

1.630
17,520

19',150

42,224
1.606,990
363
26,838

1,803

32,305

89,9lS0

1,225
8,369
33
49,255

2,035,873

120,013
1,328,307
1,7S9,629

111
949

226
330
290
1,235

6 "...
...4
2,5H

2,5t!

I \f ]'(JUTS OF CA.\ A]) 1

.

401

It. ImlJUrh uf Canada from tht "nltt'd h.ln
dom. tilt' '"nlh.d
t..h'" ..nd ,\11 ("Hllltrit's In
(11I..ntltlt's :md ultu', h) d..
Sl.
('ntt.rt'd for (.l.....uml)UIUl In the four fj,cal )l'ar.. 191'-19
1-con.

Xo.

.
HH9. IIl')O. 1921.
t.nitod I . \.11 ("nited t . ni tl,'<l \11 l" ni ted l'nited .\11
:-'tatt's. C'ountril,"'. l\:ingdom. :'tat("g. C'ountriE'8, Kingdom.
tute
, C'ountrit.'8.
101,61H ' 101. ..,.;3. 1.0i6,06i 6.3:>6.07,; 12,OJ6,032 16.112.823. 2. 32
. .3

1 2", 125.
I(}O
IJ
!I. t>H ' ti!'O, .1t) 1 '''''"'.290 3i:?ti2" 6
O,iiiJ 1,396. jii l HH."i21 I.n71,
H2

13 -
I-I Wi,5.;t.' 23..356 IJ.I,374 1 i2.
:?
, 3i.724 135.fi,,)6: 2.....0ü5
. ,I
" ..
. _. .)

I - 37:222 2":J, 2.')2 :?W. ð

I 2..:620 352: 341\ ' 3i6:
m8:
- - - 52.0-15 3,372.6t)....1 5,0-\7, 16
1
I - 1,4ìY 1.153.40i 1.32... 2"'1 8.%2 9iO, 16:J' 1.1M,504
.) 353 -'N 18.342 1.956.6:39 1.9i6.703 41.0:nl <) 5-' 0-1 2 6')S -3-1'
I ... .1"_' .., dS.ð 1 . _'.' 1
1 lU,"",;
.) fì1,...., I,) ,:nl, Uil 1;;,;9.,3'''1 .)"0 ,:n I lb, &3,"
) Ii ,h
)8..9,
1 1
1 16') . .i:t? 11.665 '!.ii. :J2:J 291.6it> 20....:;9 :iOl.3W,

.).
31l
1, 8:?9, 5:131 23.112 791. 14.')
23.300: 56.967 bOJ.333 0.360,
, S:?".O!16 1.008 535.500 5:37.51'1 - 42,9t\U -13,105
I 1.0,,",. 396 1 37.i67 599, tin 663,IM - 1,6.00" li6.
è
i
, 1
I -11.6-&9,-&31 3,3-'19,':0:- 1',:'\ ',193 ;)
, UM ,'13 ',bðØ ,9.;.) -I'j,
",'.
Q:i ,;)')3,1;)2
.
I
I 3.434,74:{ 87.476 1.572. M):i 1.660.339, :!!17.602 2.715.216 3.0"1.600 1
1. 726, 620 1.885.363 113,834 ? .')8 .00' 3.531. 267 1 149,97-1' 4,499.183
" '5,2.>1 2, ..UfJ , tN' 3).m1 )
.s:s - ,
- .:> I 4 ,
'm5, -I;) 11 lu,7
1,;)'

I . ,an ,..' 1 a ,661 ,"9
I 4.3-19.56J
1,345.195 - 4.hOO,i93 4,Ö\lU,793 - 4.3"tI,56

, 2...
fJti, 5.j1\ I - 31.942.384 31.942.3S4 - 37.5i6.0011 37,576.001
I 407.593 - 199.974 W9.9i-l - 4i8.9fJO 4i8, 990
1 1. 3
5. 240, - 705.375 i05,3i5 - 1.-182. Hil 1.4
2.Hi
3.042,2S:i - 2,372, !'
-I 2,37:?,9M' 3
'fJ 2.:i51J.75h 2,3ôn,157
7. 662,09,j: - 5,174,211 5.174.2111 2,000 11.393.6001 11.395,600
13, .j'!.6. i421 344 9. 179.5H2 9.li9,926 .1. 0"ì2 13,046.030, 13.04i.H:
9
36, i4!1.112 2,578 22,248 O
l 'H 250 6-" 6.492 60.831.440 1 60,844. 352 1
I --. . , .), I

I ,:rn .1\1:1 ,I ... 16,6 13 ,:
3:1 16,ßU,f)ìì 1 1..1 "0 ')'U 'sr 20, "t.Ui ,;)...;
Ö :192 "W ,..... " .
.0,603,00.. 2,5ìb 60,OìO)0.)1 60,on,629 111 ,2
3 ,t'h 111 ,'!9S,lOO

14
.().)ð
-
I
I

23J, 1-14
1,094, 9
ð

1,,),)3,61

:1.523, iOl l
:?o
.ni
1. :?2i. 073
1,719.156

-,
-I
",:- :.}I
_v,.1\I

2.319.i-l2
10 ,oW" ,.
U.
J,')S.736
1.367,563
,o.;'!.9, 06:3
970.tl2

37,93S,OI.'j

3,314.223
101.323

:I ,St,)7 ,9

4. 345.0S-l
:!4,
U5.609
407. 593
1,3S5.:?-IO
3.042,057
7.661,i65
ti, .')26. 452
36.i47.
i7

"I 'J"I I!'\(j
70:6ÒO:"91

1.0i5.491.

.160.916
I
ì" ,!,:n , ,!'?

I
18427-26

1<>0.611 1
"," ' I
')'H ,,.,

I. i2ÙÕ,' i
I,.S ,!I'.
3. .;9.1.16.>1
2, 153, :
9ti
I. 2:?7. 4JU !
2,4-1' H'

2i'!..iib

l.oi5.491 1
8 160 916
i

!1;9
it
1

28. 9-1
1
Uu ,791
6.IJ
"6, 126 1
,):!,_..
I
226 ..
6

2.116.792
1,579
27.043

13.).3<>9 ,
;;I!.a;;õ l
40!I, 40;,
1,573,24ð l
1
Z,!I3, !n l
5.1\):?,i
.,)
931, "2:.!
S33,96;)
2.134,4141
97, 742 1
1.4iO."7!'
1.0:JY,06il
6
1", 879

I
I
.., 24.)
4,972
3 ...tt,

t-.)
,)
I

3Ql.606 !
2,476,4.')0
62,79:1, 913 1
I

"'1.30. ,
.n ,31

!lt1. :!OJ
1.b30.04i ,
2)2i,,
151
5,4:1.'),711-1
3. 2
-t ti6!.1
835.596
J. I:?f:i, 26.

tli,9:.!J
1. 4i 4. i2-1
1.044,0:19
7:1') 0201

I
381. 606
2, ..i6,-I.jO I
6.
.
O"! ,36.)
I

5s.,:n l
I ,191 , '!3.!

3
,51}1
103,000
lU.9J

tj65,:?
O
l.i03.8H4
72,
íð
5

. ïl3

Ib
4iO
93.766
6 377

5O.LO
3'7 4)'...1
. 'I
4
4,lIl'"
1.713. V2' I
2 ,1: .) , "; 1
I
2, O:
lI. .)) I
1,106.3
11
"57. 6t1:
I
2. 10-\, 55:
1

fI '3')"
I, :ili:l:
,
ì)1
I. 2'!.7. :39...,
650 5,1'"

1
2
lOS,
.)I 3

2 ,:J! a,.)....

.;.!6,7-11
1.
1.;. 62:? ,

2 ,\;.
!, ,!Þ'.b

2. í,;:I, ,')71 ,
2,9ti2, UH 7
,)"-1,4i4 S
3. 922, 773 1 t

',:Hl 10
1.364,456'
1.:323.66-1. II
tW
4i5 1.)
13
11

1.j

16
17
IS

19
:'0

Zt

'!3

21

I
54H,582 548,582
s
6.2-1í,931 6.24i,93
1
to,U6 , 117 ,
;)t,U
lllì ,8tiS,2"
1

402

TRADE A1YD COJl.fJl.fERCE

H.-Imports of Canada from the rntted Kinl!dom. the United states and All Countries in
quantitil's and values by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-co
.

No

VII.N
d
G lass a
1 Glas
tal
2 Glas
3 Plate
f Glas

Petrole
5 Crud

6 Petro
ì Coal
8 Lubr
9 Gaso
10 Petr

11 Stone a
1!1scel

12 Diamo
13 Salt fo
14 Salt in
15 Salt, n
16 Sulphu

17 Acids.
18 Total
prep
19 Total
Explos
20 Nitr
21 Cellu

Fertili
22 Soda
21 Pota
24 Othe
tu

. 1918.
Principal articles by clasH's.
e ni ted e ni ted All L"nited
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom.
on-ml'bllic minerals and their pre..
ucts-concludedo
nd its products-
s balls, cut, pressed or moulded crys-
glass tableware...... ... . . . . . . . _. . _'
8,727 361,996 374,985 10.41.:;
s carboys or demijohns, bottles...... ú 11,286 678,336 724,052 10,832
glass. ....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 30,169 1,006,936 1,037,105 69,707
s, window, common and colourless... " 2,963 1,820,729 1,827,307 5,680
Total glass and Its products.. . .. . " 146,502 5,076,222 5,339,358 191,573
urn and its products-
e petroleum in its natural state... '" gal. - 168,691,592 191,376,057 -
$ - 8,830,473 9,256,409 -
leum imported to be refined. . . . . " . gal. - 145,873,118 145,873,118 -
$ - 6,442,279 6,442,279 -
and kerosene, distilled or refined.. . . gal. - 11,858,277 11,858,491 -
$ - 937,721 937,762 -
icating oils. .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . gal. 7,108 4,675,717 4,682,960 5.926
$ 3,786 1,127,683 1,131,491 3,36.:;
line under .725 specific gravity... .., gal. - 13,655,613 13,657,288 -
$ - 2,989,134 2,989,796 -
oleum, products of, n.o.p........ " .., gal. 17,447 16,423,180 21,651,925 -
$ 2,936 2,974,531 3,416,911 -
Total petroleum, asphalt and
their products. ., . . . . . . . . . _ . . $ 28,818 2-1,717,038 25,815,6'45 2-1,699
nd stone products.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 205, 100 2,874,626 3,189,182 187.169
laneous non-metallic minerals and
their products.
ods, unset........ ...... .... . . -. " .., $ 1,224,113 - 1,224,113 1.202,890
r the use of the sea or gulf fisheries.. cwt. 1,154.470 380,856 2,366,263 700,39.:;
$ 581,975 154,301 857,360 518,072
bulk, n.o.p. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . .. {'",-t. - 906, 734 906,734 11.200
S - 201,050 201, 050 14,500
.o.p., in bags, barrels, etc..... .. _.... cwt. - 273,962 274,013 -
$ - 140,697 140,760 -
r and brimstone, crude... .. . . . . . . . . . lb. 112 147,603,524 148,683,314 -
$ 5 1,456,079 1,465,931 -
Total non-metallic minerals and
their products....... .... .. . '" . $ 4,76:.1,906 123,151),543 129,7
S,50" -1,132,8
"
I. Chemical and allied products.
. . . . . oOoO . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. $ 243,424 516,238 810,848 201,130
druge, medicine and pharmaceutical 963,366
arations. $ 694,654 1, 277,606 2,272,146
dyeing and't
i';'g'

t

i
'l
:::::::: " 328,338 3.261,772 3,772,109 325,068
ives and celluloEe pJoducts- 104,993
o compounds. ...................... $ 107,858 259,523 377,210
lose products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 16,890 717,183 734,513 i.208
Total explosives and cellulose pro- "
ducts....... .. . . . . . . '.0 . . . . . . . . . . . 124,74" 976,70ß 1,111,72'1 11'2,201
zers-
,nitrate of, or cubic nitJe...... . .... . lb. - 51,089,362 62,504,000 1
!S - 2,332,807 2,642,190 1
sh muriate and sulphate of, crude.... lb. - 167,063 167,063 -
$ - 29,650 2
,650 -
r fertilizers compounded or manufac-
red, n.o.p... o. . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 982 771,386 772,735 146
Total fertUizers.... _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . II 982 3,182, 840 1 3,493,572 147

''II

11/ PORTS OF CA.\".lD
t

403

11. Impur'" or Canada (rum tht (nltt... hlna!dum. tht' 1. nltt':1 ...tatl.s and \11 ('uuntrlt.s In
(Itlantltl

and ulues b) clas

:t entcnd for fOIl:t'lmption In the fo:tr fiscal) ears 191ð-1921 -con.

Hit!). HI :?II. . lU
I.
No.
r ni h'd I \11 t- niteti l"nited \11 r ni h'd l'nit('d All
:;tatl.,... l 'ountril'S. I\. i ngùom , t:itatl'
. Count riCl:). Kingùom. :;tatCti. Count ries.
--I
4
:?';"4"" 439,.33tJ 16.
U
649,129 6;3,OU1, 42.753 u 19 . :;8;) 1.0HI.744 1
bU, -195. i15,769 23.32-1 1:)55,916 916.-102 32,4
2 1,-I95,3M 1.5
1.207 2
!1l9.961, tl
!I, tHj... 56,7:!,j i.í 1, -136 1.150'S:!'1 3!16.6: J8 1 4!1H,2!'1\ 2.1-1-1.513 :I
1.50.&,495 1 1.5"',377 59,1'-93 1.621,
2 1. S91, 512 194,3;4 1,390,708 2.b72.151 ..
" ,"n -I ;1&3 I,
I,4:i9 I 7,16I,19

,j.tJn,
. 1 J :u.-I 'II 30:1 ..6
I .O:W. 101 11 ,U1\:
,lI
"
236, "'09, !139 \ 260,
n9, 9-14 - 1....ù. -I'\J. 433 2!,
. 5-10, 725 - 206.367.i54 311,71 !).057 5
13,b61,42
14,666,967 - 12.753,761 15.5.1.813 1 - 20,01)7,907 22, 65:!, 012
139,635.201 139.635,201 - 99,462.361 100,;50,;25 - 119, 054, OSO 11 9,054 . OhO ,
i, !1:?3, :!-ItJ ; , tl:!:j, 2-16 - 4,557. ;!.H 4.70.....921 - 8,257,107 8,257,10;
3,769.92ô 3,001,449 - 6,SðO.Jll 7,64
.322 - 16. '\19, 782 16.820.0:JO '1
-I23,16b 433,796 - 979.312 1.0.>4, JS7/ - 2,578,711 2,5ïð.S02
.'>,5i7.9i2 5,b05,bY3 17,619 4.
33.131 5,06"',213 16,47t, 5,110.415 5.126, !192

1,927,225 1.956,262 10, 129 I. i60, 931 1, :!I
.ð
1 g.2
1 2,510,277 2.519.610
:!,"'
-I.5-12 2.S25.812 - 4.9i9,24i 4.!J
:.,7a.J. 9,400,5b9 9,400,
:!-I ,
73S....02 ï39, 449 - 1,287,016 1,2"".566 1 2,615.773 2.615,
h7
:!-I,ö-t7.623 29,ðS:!.932 80 . 27,701,555 32,7-16,659,
I 41,432,890 51 ,
51 , 309 10
5.106, ib3 5,5;4.659 9b 5.731. ;6ti 6,204,840 10,073,839 11,016,7-10
31,511 ,fiD-l t ì ,b.;t

.525.9'" 3
,09.>>,
n ,"'78 ,!IG'! 61,-1:\' 3:'1
3:1,11.>>9,779 '?. 5G.

1 4.636. .,,)
3.292,563 3,607,251 143,007 3,030,761 3,2
,1;6 303,019 4.419,304 11
59 1,250,018 3,012,44-1 55,4!f() 4,470,84tJ 1, 3
, 61-1 150,997 2, 3
-I .150 1'

3ô,625 1,
99,062 271 , 930 312,9,...1 1,325,7()4.J 3-13,7\0 301.133 1,387,679 U
121. 211 755,:
01 250,504 1!1:!,
""O .=)...ß,31h 2i1,76S 152,922 57ï,23H
1.067,434 1,096,780 7,360 991.696 1,005,056 50,640 1,016,187 I.OM.595 1-1
:!!IS,70.... 315,14'" 3,670 270,632 275,306 36,045 324.9-10 362.756
266,430 266,430 4U,4J.J 230,386 671,820 353, 6tH 193.293 541i,9.'>4 15
152.110 152, 110 320,5ð5 153,967 474.5521 2ð5,
S3 146.621 432,204
19-1,464,002 194, tj:U, 613 1,120 158,350,597 15
, 3.51, 717 1,041 237,7ð7,3hO 237, 8W. 435 It)
2.039,9ðO 2,042,172 H7 1,296,281 1, 2<J6, 458 133 1,729,093 1,i29,bOb
1
'" "'U,I.' 135 ,2.)0 ,11. ',"",56 10
,52,j,324 121,1.i5,1i6 1,11ð,J03 lðS..J.8.J,29,} '!O ,09,} , 113
';"23,321 9;5,757 4;-1,767 534,117 1,054,345 404,358 459,690 8\12,197 17
1.644. 002 1 3,023,532 1,113,429 l,b05,bOI 3,402,932 1,307,077 1,679,047 3,4.57,913 1'\
3,937,236 4,577,07-1 510,119 4,664,391 5,623,720 818,2-11 4,447,808 6,031,566 19

i3,903 384,739 157,879 375,965 556,836 296,040 430.178 750.385 20
934,06b 941,516 19.211 Ì,101,181 1,122,057 41,725 1,370,429 1.420.374 1 21
1,
O7,9.1
l,:r
C,2.ja 147,090 1 ,4i7 .U6 1 ,.I).h. ...9:
33; ,765 1 ...OO,b07 2,1;0,.59
-W,398,2id b4,033,351 - 9,923,005 9,
23,605 33,b92 44,451,054 47,818.4

22
2,
35,371 3,294,369 - 389,890 389,909 2,510 1,479,312 1,
81, 112
337,651 4-19.657 1,374,468 2,855,156 6,897,319 5ö9,678 4,210,616 18,314,ï4ö %3
46, 103 65,423 41,438 170,815 285,131 35,970 166,756 840,323
954,662 984,808 11,990 734,641 748,382 2,770 1,181.891- 1,187,481 %t
3. 2
1 ,9-'Ii .,1,360.-101 5-& ,2n l,G
&.U
1,7.').1,30; 1;
,O
6 3,317.;93 4,272,0,')-&,
I I 1-----

1'-I
7-26l

.

404

TRADE
LVD COJ;f

fERCE

It.-Imports of Canada from the rnited Kin
dom, the rntted States and All Countries in
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption In the four fiscaJ years 1918-19'21-con.

No.

Principal articles by classes.

'.111. ('hemicals and allied products-
concluded.

1 Total paint:;, pigments and varnishes.. . _ _ $
2 Total soaps. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. "
3 })erfumery, co:smetics and toilet preparations "

Total soaps. perfumery. cos-
metics and other t
ilet prepar-
ations....... . .. ... . . ... .. . .. .

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1-1
15
16

Inorganic chemicals-

ulphate of alumina or alum cake.

'" lb.
$
. _. lb.
$
... lb.
i
lb.
$
lb.
:;
lb.
$
lb.
$
... lb.
$
lb.
S
I!).
$
lb.
i
lb.
$
lb.
$
Ih.
S

Ammonia, nitrate of... .

tlal ammoniac . . .

Copper, sulphate of (blue vitriol).
Chloriùe of lime, etc.... '..

Cre.un of t1.rtar in clY:'Jtall; or argols.. ". .

Borax in bulk

oda u:sh or barilla. .

Sola, bicarbonate of .. . . . . .

Soda, ('3,ustic

:O;oda, sal .

oda, sulphate of, crude, known a::; salt cake

Boda, Hilicate of, in cryst
b or solution. .

17

-\cid phosphate, not medicinal '"

Total inorganic chemicals

18

Other chemicals, n.o.p.-
Camphor. . . .. . . " .,

Cyanide of pota::;sium..

19
20
21

Ink, printing '" .. . " .... _ .. . . . . ._
Poli::;h or compo:::,ition, knife or other.. ...

Total chemirals and allied produrts"
IX. All other commodities.

Amusement and sporting good
-
22 Cinematograph or moving picture films,
po:;:itiveH... .... ... ....... $
23 TO
T8, all kinds. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. "

Total amusement and :-;portin

J!oo(ls. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. _ _ _ "

2-1 Brushes....
25 Package::;......

26
2;
28
29
30

Household and Personal equipment-
BO.Jt, shoe, :shirt and stay laces. . . " . ...
B03ts, shoes, slippers, etc... . _ . . .. ...
Buttons, an kinds. ......................
Jf'\vellcJY ...... ............ ... ....... .. ... . "
Pencils, lead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

r ni ted
Kingdom.

131,267
69,245
58,485

127 ,730

6,744
525
t87,457
41, 378
100
18
42,200
2,486
78,563
25,649
105,395
10, 483
22,310,378
258.876
3,981,53a
59.656

105. !lH4
1,122
22,713,772
159.89,)
737,144
10,821
13,728
666

711 ,!I
ti

lb.
i
lb.
$
"

7,97b
6.357
1,616.165
367,364
16,638
65,470

3 ,3t6 ,!Wl

66,755

72 ,OU

"
"

52,729
873,339

$
"

12,091
102, 972
27,121
36, .500
15,190

1918.

rnited
States.

2,837,558
1,080,053
406,952

1,-187.805

264,245
31,644
590,594
44,958
2,792,587
254,499
7,515,249
119,13U
371,678
170,417
4,164,749
327,123
64,130,478
1.333,552
3,942,368
74.ti66
12, 72
, 74.:;
658,664
12,582,495
151,701
47,5
9,815
4-!
.134
20,5:37,152
161,663
2.559,432
205,469
5 ,46ft ,3bG

52,984
37,964
274.716
70,191
Ill. 750
234,748

.2:S , 26'2 ,IU7

785,998

Sì3,O:Ui
351,412
610,885

145,721
282,024
664,708
822,304
389,659

All united
Countries. Kingdom.

3,007,649
1,156,953
638.811

1,795,76-1 1

1, 675,343
196,433
1, 073, 051
86,336,
2 -I)') 8 " 0 I
,I.
, _ I
254, 53.:;
7,557,449 1
121, 625
713,514.
295,466'
4,270, 184 1
337,609
86,440,856
1, 592. 42b
7,92:3.903
134.322
12,729,745
658,664
12,688,479
152,823
70,293.587
609,029
21,274,296
172, 4S4 I
2,573,160 1 1
206, 135
6,304,226,
78,8371
56.613
1.890.8811
437,555 1
128.451
300, 21b,
27,840,5';6'

I 0 86 8xl
, . I
I J 1
0 ,.J
q
I
656,863 1
1, 7.'6,30'1
275.591
414. 822 1
874,458
871, 8W I
41 - ')("1')
.J, _
_,.)

I 11 , 905
37,8ð5
35,256

73,Hl

56,000
724

209,846
23,853

43,040
22,845
2,240
292
14,861,757
230,889
1,561,847
27, {4fi
224,428
15,087
27, 139
575
32,S90,788
2W,068
1,017,725
21,857

7:Jb ,720

19,107
27,441
1. 197.468
324,108
1:3, 6.j8
37,034

3,397,095

22,143
28,208

55,880

32,974
613,065

5,000
50,681
20,167
13, 198
6,570

III rÙR rs úP C"l^T lD
t

405

11. Import.. of ('anacla from th
t nltt'cI h.hlifdorn. thl' t onltrd
tat\"
and \11 (""..untfles In
tIUan.UIt.s and ulw,'s h) das"il's enh'fl'd for ('onsum..tlun In tlu. fUllr U..t'al )t'ars 191'\-19'!1 -con.

19H'. Ht:?O. 1 U.) 1.
'.1'0.
l'nitl'd I \11 l ni h'd lOnitl.d \11 lO ni ted l'nitcù -\ll
.-;tatt'
. ('ountri
. h.ingllom.
tuh"S. Countril.ì::I. J
ingdom. :"\tah's. ('ountrh'!:'.
I
,
3.301'0"1 3. 42:.?, 510 222.
10 3,541,14.) 3,
21,
"O 509, I:.?" 3, .')13, 5
1 4, 251. 620 1
1. :?2b, HlO 1. 267 .ò6
92. :i:? I 1.42",11\1 1,534.U
:2 100.
,
1. 2...., 67ï 1. 42-1, 4"ll 2
29"."07 45:S, 874 IJ2,,')43 52
.
1. O'J6.l01 i 94,"
i 470,763 1. 2U2 , 5
5 3
I
1.5241. .. 1.72 . 71

2t.bG' I S5J.03.. Z. WU. IbS 1 !IS :170 I. .I..,-IIU 2 4)'). U31
1 455.5301
I 56,000 ,')1.2tJu 20, 7"2,76.5 20, 793.0051 :'0, U23. 4.')3 21,'3i
, 9ð3 ..
- ï:?-I MU 32.>, "-It) :i:?6,6511
:
I 3,')3,M2 363,3"ú
;36.017 73
, 0.').:> 1. 102. 3.>:' 1,"
1,02.1 3,066.
71J1 h61, 757 I. !181,
O6 :i

5,507 S5,
2:? 66.-1Uu ö2,215 IM,3Yb 404 34,300 142. UiI!'
4,')4.0UJ 6U3, b.').; 7;-I.2ö_ ".')5,4" I 1, 221l, 7911 I, 1:?7, O!I,') :?!I!I, U I:! I, ..

, 2a! ,
.) , ( '> " " - ( I "11 . I -2 . - j I '
.1

lJ7 ,.
ð_
:? 526, .U

'H() 4
'
l1,Ü

:5:'

174.362
322.1'196
1'0, 1 ,,,a
:? . 3U9, .")2.)
l"U,bOlJ
71, :WS,JIJ1'
1. 6
.5, o.H
.i, 5-17, 21J
12;;. 02tJ
11,155,0.)':>
.'}U7,037
10,&1-1.763
170,771
3-1,721i,974
41O. 37S 1
')4 45" 3(IU
- '265:.5Ù4'
3,102.469!
30i. 8
'1
1
ã,776,.j!'"

91. _J.:>
2, .')26, il

2:?0,bOi
11, !.I5S, 547
Ii.. . :i6:?
-173,703
261,653
2,311, i65
IM.092
'ô, 260, UtH
1. 915. 92J
7,1
9'

1
1.-,0, , ,_
11 , 3'iY, 4b3
5:?2 r l:!\
10,6;1,902
171,3"6
67,617,762
626.....U
25,470,115
2öi,361
3. 102.469
307,891

a, Hm
518, 616 1
4!1, 4.
b
lU-t , 4.')(1
.,).50! '
Iö2.50J I
72,41-1
6,b!1U
5M.I,
1,0:>0, 102 1
19,274
3, 3il. OJ,)
67. 54:?

-I '), a
l,ð72,56:?
1-17, i30
20,2-1S,575
J6:i, 2:?i
2
9,49ð
IJS,JU7
3,tHS,074
2ìS,292
50,

Itj, 211
1,0.")5. ölO
4.102,093
!16.6.iti
b,OYi,6M
2:?4.1\"'"
1O,61!J,Ut.i2,
151\, 059 1
51,4-11, JI5
3b9,033
21,206,340
2:H , :!!

3,176.M3
33-1,660

133, I 0
2.391,17ö
1!.I7,166
:.0,....3,025
3öö,7J7
7U6. nm
J70, 375
3,6:!",YtH
27b,ô81
52,016,313
1,075,01\"
7.4;3, H

hit I HI'.
b, U!.17 : 6.)4
'N4
,

10, tii 9: 9ti2
1.')!\,0 59 1
53,!J:!I),065
4(1!}.bI2
" 1 -" 0 'J , ') 01
... ,I a ,"_
2"9,057
3,2UI,0....:!
337,2,')31
.) ,foíi6, 196

13, ,90)
5i3,63sl
4
I, 4'1:'
i20, 4tH'
"7,3;4 1
12.i, 6:t?
6':>,04-1
b5,3H
6.2.")11 1
67,U.":'
I. il;\)1
4,21ö.504
i.l2,M!1
11,0ltJ
4-J:i.
11 , 21141
1701
630,19'.
7,i30
. ð 7 , 9
;i ·
29 , O:
.') I
54.939'
4,9(fI

34," 6
I, 7
, 1b4
12",:iOi
3
,729,921
1,17b,.,)15
2'36,337
116,4U:I I
2 ,W" , 5:
6
')1') ã44
12, i"5:
U7 1
314,2-H
3, !.I!l9, 2:l!}
10 7 , U;),j
b. Ij.j. 0:1,,> 1
337,U60
9,:?4-I.234
1 !'4 . 215

4 . 302. lOti
I,Ul!I,41.j
27,lb9,bJU I
314,5s7
2, il21.1!'"
313,2ðO

1,.
.1O.,
2 , 35:
, bU:? 7
173,i!lU
3!J, 4.-,U, 426 t'
1,22:1, !IOI
52,), :;
3 ,
:!!I:
, 120
2. 61;!1,
55 10
211\,"'01
12,213,2"9 11
31U.U13
l:I,217.733 12
200,304
ð,:U3, 1.')1 13
:U.. , 045
9,:?jU,30
1-1
H14, il3
1:16,0.')2,304 1;)
I,U4:
, 175
28.447, :'\:!2 If,
3-16,758
2. 976. 1:
3 1 i
31b.lð9
ì ,4UU, 1:14.

2,47l-i,75U
10,bW
543,9\0
14.763
2... 2:m
2,5UJ

6 ,,):'\
,.)3
I

,)i.i,:U"

':;," ':;,301

'S,
..

It,.
U ,uc.u

1 57. 12)
1,j, 31i l t.i9,925 10. ";.j 49,5H 6;. 13u 1,594 1;1I.9M
19, 06ð 91,646 25,3M 13
,
Y4 1:'\4,213 4,7:>7 9J, 3211 IUl, 66

393.969 1,591. 437 6J4,OS2. 269,52" 9O:i, 606 977.2Uö 237,Sbl 1 , 21.') , O.')!I
lUO.O:!U 4:?-I.12'" 1.=,7,794 65,5.')!1 223,3.')3 2"0,575 59, 56.j 300,14U
143,631 157, 571 1 15, 734 1 IM,9I3 197.7,,);.' 20, 16
1!J6,lll 217.546
236, :i2!J 273, 3
1 I 97.633 273,056 371, 1WI 141, 706 1 2
2,9
G 42.),U%
2S,719,7&5 3.j,'t
2,6,l; -I,1.'i-&,31.') 23)
.j73 29,
"b,IU. , S ,v.s ,I
..
6,4b4,
96 .iG ,:
:U )61')
924.5111 947,033 55,4-U 1,311,691 1,367,132 2!J,581 l.b29,42" 1,660,892
_ 70S,4
' 1 972.137 76,6ð6 1,038,bH 1, 2!J1;, 454 1 367,4!'" 1,177,606 1,935,202
I 3 ,on. 10.1
1, 7')
,,);3 2,01ì,13:1 150,bð I 't,616,ð:16, ,');),"-16 3 ,OIG ,G.,)" I, tt'! ):I
!
377,0981 606,771 61,544, 4 i4, a2b iô7,lb3 171,669 i)04,
21 1,077,718
ö-') -94 1,455,277 9
1,2721 t)00,757 2,124,532 1,763.773 Y66,6
3,432,883
i>_,i>
227,005 J14,27b 57'90i l 247,833 370,665 !J8,31ö. 11'\8,246 355,629
215,428: 300,364 71 , 4 iO 328.941 434.262 206.406 :.?s5,877 524,555

07,92il 1. 0:i7 ,025 22,501 1,099,98:i 1,329,092 62,8391 832, .')45 1,213,064
724.833 ;,')0,771 50,030 1,I:?U,5:iUI 1,242,010 20:1,392,
nl,8,)8 1,174,102
477,316 . 497,927 13,8321 559,8041 5b2,498 6
,2.j{j 793,6
ô 873,!i67

1'1

19

20
21

.

23

2-1
2á

26
27
2S
29
30

TRADE A1YD COJIJIERCE

406

1l.-IIUI)Orts of Canada from the (;nited Kingdom. the rnited
tates and All Countrie., in
quantities and values by classes entered for consumption in the four fiscal years 1918-1921-con.

1918.

Principal articles by classes.

No.

L ni ted
Kingdom.

l"nited
States.

All Cnited
Countries. Iiingdom.

IX. All other commodities-concluded.
Household and Personal equipment-con.
Pocket books. portfolios, etc. ...........
Spectacle frames, eye-glass frames.. .
Tobacco pipes, all kinds, etc.
Braids, cords, fringes, taEsels..,

s
"

15,849
10
248,037
24.321

1
2
3
4

352,983
122,648
458,717
241,717

381,351
122,799
831,804
286.523

8.936
74
174.186
23,889

Total bousebold and personal
equipment.... _....... _........
5 Musical instruments...... " . .. _. _ _....
6 Scientific and educational equipment.. .....
1 Ships and vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 Vehicles, chiefly of wood... ,_. _ _......_
9 \Vorks of art. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10 Miscellaneous articles imported under
special conditions. .......... . . . . . . . . .

1,233,653'
61,119
74,672
3,996
597
34.696

4, 69t, 406
3,553,184
1,820.595
2,177,622
9.)0,148
213,075

1,(}i6.368
3,707,407
1,919,399
2,202,740
950,745
289,703

183, 8

"
"
"
"
"

26,455
70,
39
861
424
13,978
3,995,379

2,219,763 134,909,353 137,733,105

s

Total all other commodities.

5,5S1,0
8 165,431,419 114,140,6

6,436,160
81 324 283 192 894 957 9G3 ,532 , 'j781 73 ,03ã, 118

Total imports merchandise.. _. . . .

12.-EAternal Trade of ('anada, b)" l\'lain Groups and Degrees of
\lanufacture
according to Origin, Year ended l\farch 31, 1920.

Imports for Consumption. Exports, Domestic.
U ni ted r ni too L ni ted United
Kingdom. States. Total. Kingdom. States. Total.
$ $ $ $
$
5,624,973 110,465,121 134,319,678 150,509,733 47,248,139 253. 46ð. 965
137,168 36,753,217 82,880,428 120,869 1,247,489 2, ao, 913
42,601.795 83,797,370 151,655.938 100,623,451 11,790,111 173, 36ð, 09:]
48,363,936
31,015,708 368,S56,OH 251,254,053 60,285,739 4
9,547,970
3,881,666 49,797,385 65,835,340 13,948,473 99,775,429 125,'272,248
9,529,105 17,490,524 28,489,155 6,462,632 5,791,582 13,577,121
32,307,368 47,378,576 96,273,165 109,637,665 13,176,494 150,111,386
45,718.139 114,666.485 190,597,666 130,048,170 118,743,505 288,960.755
. H. 069 1,041,974 1,316,464 159,535 9,119,774 9,332,300
- - ,- 2,700 1,455,520 1,465,46 ;
127,495 79J, 309 2,742,962 9,728,570 8,040,104 31,487,267
Ul,5G-l 1,8:J5,2
:J 4.0
9,t
{j 9,S90,sO.'i 18,615,39S n,2S.>,03,;
6,569 1,497,470 1,557,953 269,667 10,547,393 10,890,456
5,772 14,221,417 14.236,5.58 35,711,793 77,305,199 122,117,422
1,564,720 26,821,414 29,497,117 6,392,518 66,081,506 81,514,360
1,5'ì7 ,061 J2,540.:JOl 4ã,2g1,628 12,373,978 l:i3.934.008 1 214,522.238
215, 102 · 86,044,837 89,908,572 4,097,246 43,896,375
31,927,044
2,547,237 9,544,235 12,560,474 9,128,771 29,106,130 44,904,461
16,098,887 252,098,810 274,211,742 16,421,394 27,843,561 90,493,824
18,861. 226 1 3.J7,687,ð82 376,680.7m) 29,647,411 88, 1:s76, 735 179,294,6GO

Origin.

Artides of Agricultural
or Vegetable Ori
ín-
Raw materÍ.1ls. ... . . . . . .
Partly manufactured ar-
ticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fully or chiefty manu-
factured articles...

Total... ....
ArticJes of Animal Origin
Raw materials..... .....
Partly manufactured ar-
ticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fully or chiefly manu-
factured articles. . . . . .

Total.. . . . . .. . . . ..
Articles of11arlne Origin
.H.aw materi.lls. .. .. . . . . .
P d.rtly manufactured ar-
ticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fully or chiefly manu-
fa.ctured articles.. .....

Total.. ... .......
Articles of Forest Ori,!!in-
R.l.W materÌ3Js..........
P d.rtly manufactured ar-
ticles. . . . . . . _ . _ . . _ . . . .
Fully or chiefly manu-
factured articles.. . . . . .

Total. . . ., . . . . . . :- .
Articles of Uineral Ori-
gin-
Raw materials..... _....
Pi:l.rtly manufactured ar-
ticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fully or chiefly manu-
factured articles. . . . . .

Total. . . .. . . . . . . . .

Ill1 I UR1'S uP C IN 11>-1

107

11. II11IU)rb of ('8n8da from the (nltt'd Kln
d'lm. the ('nitI'd stah.Oi and \11 ('ountrle lu
(IUantltlt" and 'ahH.
h) d:\sse!\ {'nt\'fed for ('onsUlUl)tlunln thl' four Us(':al )'('ars 191"ì-1!1"!1 -COR.

1\119. 19-0. 19.!1.
r ni t ed I All '.nited L'nited All l nited r ni t('d \11
=-'tatc:.. Countries. I
ingdom.
tatc.:.l. Countries. h..ingdom. Stat
. Countries.
I
-HO.lO,')! 46:>. -17-1 46,0_6 (,.j2. tml j -16,24,; 179,76b 5U9,;1'\4 ;,')4,32b
161. 19;' 161,2;5 15 . 1 ;U,41O 170,;12 120 211,102 211 , ,j53
1'1. 1')7 ;.').1.;,>; 4'\j,341 I "i, 6,')1 l,:?04,
SJ 9;;.221 .
;)ij. tl-16 1 . litH, 02:l
:n9.6
5 35ð,736 53,102 110. ;-1'; ';15.7"') 123.b06 15.>,171 ;U2,6

4,,"a,6n ',G'
,61Z ,st,t,,) &,47' ,G'''' 8 , "!G' , 2'
O 2, .... .16 5, .93, IG1 9,-UG,00-,
-
012,920 3,164,227 52,436 4,122,624 ,329,093 131,16.3 3,096,608 3,4
b,74-1
146.04; 2,2
O,;h2 153,503 3, 029, tl2l 3,2"'2,hU3 2!19,259 3,211. !1l6 3, 765,60h
,),850,361 3, ðSI, 424 694,123 5,495,478 6,IU1,136 5
9,739 2, -111 , -1j() 3, O:
4, 247
;OJ,168 ;0-1,497 1,339 731,260 732, 6ð:? 3,599 9';1,256 9M,

HJ5, !I!I:? 217, ,i9:3 26,j,13-1 314,
13 621,52U 337,306 435,903 87:;,350
1,007,956 .j
, 531,936 I,
óO,16j 10, 117, i34 12,
43,5S0 j, 506, 3'H II, 5OQ,-150 19,494,853
I

,I
,1ìll l 10 ,3 9,992 b,3
3,;
óU, -6, .)U9 S.!.3 It, 1'iU 1;,011,'" J ,:)O,I-0,U2" i2,b-"
,0;2,
I I

No.

1
2
:J
.

.'i
S
..
h
9
10

9
;,'JO.:"uJ, ..j, 'It,il1 ,id,') l
s,3-....,,,ul

1 ,.,9, "I1
I.bb", 'il
. 12.1 213,'11 ,bt-l ...:t; ,-.13, UO I.
iD.l,'J".
..',

12. - E(ternal 'fratle of Canada, b)" 11aln (;roups and n('
ee
uf "aullf,,(" ure
according to Uri!!;ln, '"ear ended :\Iardl 31, 1920 -conclucll'1.1.

(, }rigin.

Imports for Consumption Exports, ùom(>stir,
I -
L'nit('d Lniteù l"nih,,<1 Cnited
KiD&dom. Stßte . Total. I
i.ngdom. ::)tat >
. Total.
S S S S S S
- - - - - -
343,64" 2,140,GO,J 2,4ð4,410 6S4,65; lJ.a,2131 1,633,179
11. 357.O:;il 61.211.0'''1 76, .').)
,167 25,2.')2,963
2,638, t
51 83.2-l8,
61

-....) 10
1
11,7U ,7ft- 6:1,351.6';9 79 IH'!..;;i
.),931 ,6.)(1 .&1. .... M.
t.hl)
9,742,379 248,846,7t,'" 292,938,007 168,984,654 198,617,779 1-12, b60, 34t
12,562,930
, 149,997 1-10,651,025 52,111,422 115,&10,133 Ib6,-l08, 5tH:
104,057,322 472,100,534 630,939,091 2ß
,056,561
119,570,271 1 610,2
:3,190
1'
6..U)
G:n "'OI.09;,:n
ll,oG-l ,j'!.; 12:
'
!I l.j2,f;:
j tM,O,!
,1"'31 1, 3!1,19') 09'"
I
- - - - 496,4
b 66
, 147
- - - 11 7, 922 1,,43, 083 1 1,382,7S7
- - - 20,484,0;71 4,562,725 -17,;:>5,941
1,
I)'J,2' Ii
- - - "O,6IJI,mm I t9,!'\06,';;.;
I 176,-1131
- - - 49,12b, 41,245\

\rtidrs of 'Uhl'd Orl fin
It:m rn'Ltpriãls.",.. . . .. .
PLutly manufactured ar-
ticles. .., . . . . .
Fully or chiefly rn.lDU-
tured articles.. _ . .. _ . .

Total __.. .. . .. . . .

(;"'''I.\RT .

Raw material:.... _ _ . . .. .. ,
P.lrt Iy manuiactured ar-
ticle
, . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fully or chietly manufac-
tured articles. " . , .' ...

(
rand total.....

.-\.pproxilllate v3.lue
of
Principal Canadian Ex-
ports produced \\ holly
or chiefly from Import-
ed materials, included in
above fltatement:-

Articles of \
rlcultural
or 'egetahll' Orlgin-
Raw materials..., .....
Partly manufactured ar-
ticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fully or chiefly manu-
factured articles. . _ . . .

Total _" _ _ . . . . . . . ,
Articles orAnlmal Orl
ln.
Fully or chiefly manu-
factured articles. . . . . .

.

408

TRADE A_XD COJTJIERCE

13.-Yalues of Exports (domestic and foreign) to the British and Foreign West
Indies, by Countries, during the fiscal )Tears 1918-1920.

Countries.

1918. 1919. 1920.
Exports, Exports, Exports, Exports, Exports, Exports,
domestic. foreign. domestic. foreign. domestic. foreign.
$ $ 1Þ 5 $ $
1,978,323 8,960 2,646,169. 29,260 3,109,3S1 12,628
6,838,563 60,950 10,200,582 82,811 10,869,276 94,991
8,816,886 69,910 12,846,751 112,071 13,978,657 107,619
4,015,940 26,055 5,035,975 101,325 6,329,783 .528,878
11,010 - 324 - 2,256 15
163,117 86 16a,788 747 470,934 1,930
7,131 - 10, 145 - 42,569 40
105,453 1,416 65, 671 647 131,905 82
1,033 - 12,512 - 14,686 -
1,741 - 2,158 - 174,543 -
751,436 - 1,071,805 - 1,489,667 401
45,087 - 39,663 2,091 169,186 100,000
5,101,948 2ï,557 6,399,041 104,810 8,825,529 631,346
13,918,83J 97,467 19,215,792 216,881 22,80-1,186 738,965
I .

Britii'h Guiana. . . . . . . - - - .
British 'Yest Indies... . . . .
Total, British \Vest
Indies. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cuba;................... .
Danish 'Yest Indies 1 . . . . . .
French 'Yest Indies... . . . .
Dutch \Y e:st Indies.. . . . . . .
Dutch Guiana. . . . . . . . . . . .
French Guiana...... . . . . . .
Hayti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Porto Rico. . . .
Santo Domingo.. . . . . . . . . .

Total, Foreign 'Vest
Indies. .. . . . . . . . . .

Total }
xports to the
ßritish and Foreign
\\'est Illdics
......

1 X ow the
-\merican Virgin Islands.

U.-Yalucs of Imports entered for hump consumption (dutiable and fr
e) from the
British and }'oreign West Indies, b," ('ountries, during the fiscal )Tears 1918-1920.

1918. 1919. 1920.
Countries. Imp
rts, Imports, Imports, 1m ports, Imports, Imports,
dutiable. ff('p. dutiable. free. dutiable. free.
$ $ $ $ $ $
British Guiana .......... 6,708,201 8,446 6,730,245 16,827 7,047,053 365,878
British West Indies. . . . . . . 7,596,027 2,954,523 3,885,801 4,552,024 7,350,219 4,764,571
Total, British 'Yest
Indies.... . . . ..... . 14,304,228 2,962,969 10,616,046 4,568,851 14,397,272 5,130,449
Cuba........... ...-...... 579,621 505,926 2,430,664 610,289 16,764,341 821,187
Dutch Guiana... . . . . . . . . . 201,763 1,7:01 117,732 - 87,943 -
Ha
;ti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 90,766 - 174,472 -
Porto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 126 23 2,465 180 1,730
Santo Domingo........... 6,615,961 - 4,728,732 - 10,675,287 -
Total, Foreign West
Indi
............. . 7,397,355 507,762 7,367,917 612,754 27,702,223 822,917
Total Imports from the.,
ß
itish a
d }'oreign '" ... ... ... 4 ..
,

\\('st IndIes.... .... .121,;01,583, 3,1;0,.31,1,,983,963 1 5,181,605 1 42,099, 9a l 5,953,366

TR iDE n ITlI n.F'.'-.T I..Y/JIES

1 Of}

1.').
'all... of Irnpor(.. :(1)(1 t;,()or's from and '0 nri(i
h und t'c"rc'i
n "c'sf Incllc's,
1901-19.?O.

I :\IPOUTh FRO\{ Exp R1:-- ( DO:\IE:--TI(' \'\;'D FORf:1lì X) TO
Fi:-:C'al I llriti:,h I'ol"Pip;n I I llriti:..h I Forei
n
Year. Wpst Indil's Wl::-;t Indi(:
Total. "p
t Indip"" \\cst Indi('!' Total.
anù Briti:-:h and Forpign und Hriti...h unci FOf('ign
Guia.na. (;uiana. C;uiana. Guiana.

S S
1901.. . 1, -lOÜ, 4<\0 594,7ü
2,001 , 2"
2, 2!Þ7, SO-! 9S4,30li
,
S2.110
1902. . . . . . . . . . 1,702,293 53
), ml7 2,2-U,mW 2, 4,;1), 1:
2 1, 339, 40
3, 7!}.'), ,')40
If103. .. 2.415,()()
.')!1(j.9.0 a.OI2,57
2.ü'm, Hi. 1,4ïl,S43 4,171,Otn
1 !l04. . . . . . . 7,OOH,SH:? (jH7,2:t.? 7.674,124 2, 6t;:!, 524 I, 42:J. 5 12 4, OS6, Ot)()
1!
05.. . R.5'iH,6.')(i 714,33!} 9.3m,O!J5 2,872,770 1, 41i0, Sot 4,
33..371
1 !
O(). . . . . 7,521,360 (i5ï,OSI R.17S,441 2,
-l7,3"il 1. s:n , (i.')tj 4.(i7H.0:
7
1!}07 1 . ... 5.20S,R92 524 , 5!19 5.7:J3,4Hl 2.1"i'\.5-t2 1.W7,240
, fi
.'), 7S2
l!mR... 9,
H3,S04 525.026 u. R IS,S:
O 3. 090, 41j
2.0!l(i,j02 5, ISH,
}70
HW9... !I. OSS, 596 f)05, 2liO 9,6f1
,
j6 3, ().='i4. 073 2. OO(), :J62 5,()(iO,4:
.3
1910.. . H,004.-t21 l,S15.1l0 to.Rl!}.5:n 3.6')7.
7:? 2,
"4.2H6 6.0
:?, 11)1)
1911 10, 21j2 , 6 t:J 2 , Oti2 , OUti 12,32-1, tiHI 4 , 7:
6, 00.') 2, 501, 5
H
7 , 2:
7 , 604
1m2... to. 5.")0, 4!H 2, R!tl, HJ9 13, 4-tI. tun 4,(il7.!HH 2.fI
.'),2-l6 7,543,207
1913.. . 9. 4-t3,
9:3 4, !)-ll, 127 14.3S-l,5:?O 4. ,,),11 .10,,) 2 ,
27 , ,')0' 6,91S,613
191-1.. . R,O-t5,R4-t 7.6nO,817 15, 646.ßfi1 5, 142. (i0.') 2,.1.')4,.')91 7,6:17,1!1(j
1 !Il.,):!. . n. t.:-;,'),S72 .5, 112,!132 1-l.2()'\.SO-l 5.0 I:>. .'),,
t 2, O!},'). O()!
7, HO, 5'IS
l!1l1ì2. . 11,
!I.'),3S7 5,9!1l,612 17,
"6,!I!I!I 5,3-l6.
O.; 2,3 HL 2'li 7,6G6,O 1
1!l1ï ., 21, 4:
1,
!}... -1. 50!}. fj.)
:?j, 9-l1. 5.')ti (i,
IS..'),n -1. os.'), :!271 10, 911:J, 7.
u
HH
2. 17. 2ti7, IH7 7. 9n.'). 117 2.i,17
.314
. f''\I). 7!t{i 5, 1
I, .jll.') 14,016, :301
191!1:J. . 15,lQ,f\97 7,H
n,f)71 :2:
, Hi.;, ;)Ii,\ I:? ,9;)"-;, ":?
) H, .3113, S.')I, 19, 4ü2, 67:

Ht20 2 . . IH,527,721 28,525,1-tO 4\\,O.j:?,f\61 14, o.
t), 27H 9,.!,jlj,875 2:3,543,1.3 1

1 Xin.' ll1onth
. % Imports for hOIlU' ('on...umption.
XOTE.-Fof('ign WP
t IntliPR in('ludt' Cuba. Danish, Dutf.h anù FrplH'h ".f':.t Indips,
I>ut('h and Frf'ndl (;uiana. Ha) tit Porto Ri('o and
anto Domingo. TIlt' Dani:-;h Wf':.t
Indies arp now the
\mcrican \ïrgin blands.

16.- I-l'r(.enta!:;l' I-rol)orti()n
of Iml)Orts from t nitNI h.11I
dnm and : 1IIIl'd
(a(('s,
rc'sl)c(,thcl)" to totals of dllHahh' and fn'c' In tlu. '!O O"c'al )c'ars 19fH-19
1).

Fi:-:f'al Ypar.

1901.
1902. ..
1903.. .
1904.. .
1905.

(;XITH> lÜ
(..,o:\1.

"( ,\;,ITED ST\TEc:r..

Dutiahle Dutiable
lJutialJlt FrN and fr('r Dutiahlp Frf.c and frp('
to total to total to nIl to total to total to all
, dutiablt'. f r('(' . import
. (lutiahle. f f('(, . imports.
p.r. p.r. p.(' p ('. p. ('. p.C'.
29.U2 l.j . .jO 24. 10 50'5
74.66 60.30
29.54 G.tt4 24'Y.5 .50.72 70.11 .5
.40
30.
5 1,.Q 26.15 50.10 f)
.4{j 57.2J
30.18 17.73 25.34 .52.07 W.14 .j
.71
29.88 1.3, 14 23.9ð 5:?21 73.13 60'5S
30.40 15.03 24.42 51.74 71.90 59.59
32.05 16 . 04 25.79 51.Y:J 71.28 .')9.50
32.64 17.3,
26.
3 50.59 70.51 .is .16
29.b4 16.31 24.52 .51.76 70.20 .59.00
31.60 16.49 2.5.78 52.
9 (jJ'
5
.81
29.82 15.05 24.34 .j4.\.1 72.05 60.R4
26.69 ]4.72 22.42 5
.72 71.74 63.37
24.47 13.43 20.71 62.57 69.iS 6.5.03
24.95 14.26 21.35 60.81 70.16 63.9(i
24.31 12.61 19.79 60.27 72.8.5 65.13
17.97 11 . ü3 15.24 (ì
.93 78.29 72.95
16.35 8.24 12.67 71.91 86.59 78.57
10.70 5.54 8.45 79.16 R6.29 82.27
9.S0 5.90 7.97 79.10 84.74 81.,jO
13.44 8.93 11.87 72.04 81.26 75.25

lU06. .. . . . . . .
1907 (9 months)...
19U5. . .. .
1909..
1910.... .
1911 ..
1912.. .
1913... . _. .... .
1914......... _.....
1915. ... .. . . . . . . ..
1916. Ow.. . ......_
1917 .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1918. .. ... ....... _ . .
1919......... .....
1920........
XOTE.-Fof tlw years IS6
to 1900, see Canada Year Book, 1916-17, pages 403-4.

410

TRADE
.LYD COJ[;.1IERCE

17.-Average ad valorem Rates of Duty collectt'd on Inlports front 1:nited Kingdom,
United states, and all Countrit's in the 53 fiscal years 1868-1920.

(; ni ted I U ni ted I All r ni ted I United I All
Kingdom. States. Countries. Kingdom. States. Countries.
A. verage ad valorem rate of duty on leal'. A verage ad valorem rate of duty on
le.1r. --
Duti- T 1 Duti- T 1 Duti- T 1 Duti- T 1 Duti- 1 Duti-
able oh able ota able ota able ota able Tota able Total
Im- Im- Im- Im- Im- 11I!.- Im- Im- Im- Im- Im- Im-
p3rt:". ports. P::H ts. p::>rts. port
. porLS. ports. port
. ports. ports. ports. ports.
----- - - - - - - -- ----'-- - - - - -
p.c. p.c. p.C. p.C. p.C. p.C. p.C. p.C. p.C. p.C. p.C. p.c.
BIB........ - - - -
0.2 13.1 1894:. . . . . . . 30.0 22.3 27.0 13.7 30.9 17.8
It\69. .. . . . - . 16.9 13.5 20.1 7.3 20-2 13.1 1895.... . 30.1 22.6 26.7 13-7 30-5 17.8
IS70...... . . 16.8 13.4 19.5 7.8 20.9 14.1 lð96...... . 30.2 22.4 26.7 14.5 30-0 19.2
1871.. .... . . 16.4 13.5 16.3 8-4 19.6 14.0 189ì. .. . . . . 30.7 21.1 26.7 14.3 30.0 18.7
18ï2 . ,.... 16.4 12.7 18.0 7-1 19.1 12.4 1898. . 29.5 20.8 26.1 13.3 29.7 17.5
1873. 15.6 10.9 17.7 6.5 18.3 10.4 1899...... . 26.6 19.8 26.3 13.2 28.8 17,2
1874.. . 16.5 12.8 17.4 7.1 18.9 11.7 1900 . .. .. . . 25.6 18:2 25.0 13.2 27.7 16-7
1875. .. . . . .. 18.1 14.8 17.3 7.9 19.6 13.1 1901. _ 24.7 18.3 24.8 12.4 27.5 16-4
1876. 18.8 15.0 19.2 9.3 21.3 13.9 1902...... . 24.0 17.2 25.2 13.2 27.3 16.5
l$ìï....... . 19.4 16.2 18.7 7.9 20-6 13.3 1903...... . 23.3 16.7 24.9 13.3 27.1 16.5
1878....... . 20.1 17.3 20.4 9.4 21.4 14.2 1904.. .. .. . 24.1 17.6 25.2 13.7 27.5 16.9
1
79 .... . . 20.5 18.0 23-2 13.1 23.3 16.4 1905 .. . . . . . 24.8 18.5 26.1 13.5 27.8 16-7
1880....... . 24.0 20.0 23.1 16.0 26.1 20.2 1906. .. 24.6 18.7 24.8 13.1 27.0 16.5
ISSI . .' . 24.5 20.5 22.0 15.5 25.8 20-4 1907 (9 m ) 24.3 18.4 24.2 12.8 26.5 16.1
1
82. ..... . 24.1 19.9 21.5 15-0 25.3 19.5 W08.. . . .. . 24.2 18.3 24.6 13.3 26.7 16.6
1883. . ., . . 24.3 19.2 21.1 14.8 25.3 19.0 1909.... . 25.8 19.0 24.9 13.2 27.5 16.7
18S!. .' . 24.4 19.1 20.7 14.9 25-2 19.0 1
1O... .. .. 25.1 18.9 24.8 13.6 26.8 16.5
l
S).. . .' . 24.8 19.0 21.2 14.5 26.1 19.2 1 11....... 24.6 18.9 24.7 13.8 25.9 16.2
1886 .... . . 25.7 20.0 22.8 15.8 27.5 20-2 1912.... __. 25.0 19-1 25.0 14.9 26.1 16-8
1
87. 26.1 20.8 23.8 16.2 28.7 21.3 1913...... . 25.1 19.6 24.9 15.8 26.1 17.1
1888... . .' . 29.1 22.9 26.2 15.3 31.8 22.0 1914....... 25.2 19.5 24.8 15.6 26.1 17.3
18SG. .. . .. .. 29.3 22.4 25.4 14.7 31.9 21.8 191.5. . . . . . . 27.1 20.5 25.1 14-3 27.4 16.8
1
90 ..... .. 28.8 22-1 26.6 15.8 31-0 21.4 1916... .... 28.4 19-1 25.0 13.5 27.2 15.5
1891.. . . . . . . 29.0 21.7 26.0 14.9 31.4 21.0 1917.. . . .. . 24.9 17.6 22.7 11.4 23.8 13-0
1892. ., . 29.4 22.1 26.5 15.1 1 29.7 17.
1918....... 24.3 17.3 20.5 11.1 21.5 12.1
1893, .... .. . 29.8 22.3 26.1 14.6 30'3l 18.4 1919...... . 22.3 15.3 20."9 11.6 21.5 12.3
1920 . . . .. . . 22.1 16.2 22.5 14.0 22.5 14.7

18.-'Value of Total Exports and Imports entered for Consumption, and the duty
('ollected thereon, at certain Ports d urin
the fiscal years ended March 31,
1919 and 1920.

1919. 1920.
Ports. Total Imports for Dutv Total Imports for Duty
Exports. Consump- Collec-ted. Exports. Consump- Collected.
tion. tion.
P. E. Island. g
$ $ $ $
All ports... 369,723 917 ,857 126,951 326,412 1,014,815 150,269
Xova Scotia.
Halifax. . . . . . . 41,697,142 15,071,155 2.415. 176 1 54,562,947 20,532,135 3,504,205
Sydney...... . 6,580,462 4,SI7,683 754,773 7,940,561 4,264,167 397,047
Other ports. . . 13,324,145 7,974,382 987,292 15,526,430 8,261,120 1,042,551
Total.. .. . 61,601,7-19 27,863,220 4,157,2-11 78,029,938 33,057,422 4,913,803
New
Brunswick.
McAdam Jct. 18,725,293 78,938 16,512 19,227,123 84,363 19,065
St. John..... . 149, 9
6, 167 15,701,446 3,279,493 114,257,976 26,990,916 5,308,915
Other ports. . . 4,578,156 6,547,793 1,046,123 8,388,957 6,794,669 837,482
Total.... . . 173,289,616 22,327,177 4,3-12,128 1-11,874,056 33,869,918 6,165,462
Que bec.
Abercorn. . . . . 14,507,765 78,816 18,330 20,195,094 254,789 40,874
A thelstan. . . . . 23,991,106 2,415,930 362,364 18,795,927 2,466,429 132,434
Beebe Jct..... 10,335,076 2,337,446 313,742 12,832,243 2,256,864 270,477
Coaticook... . 80,570,834 347,301 39,452 85,981,041 573,618 66,191
1\1 ontreal. . . . . 396,976,269 186,135,834 36,662,151 353,138,249 246,898,636 47,921,848
Quebec..... . . 9,650,803 19,360,110 2,444,690 22,464,945 19,951,075 3,053,788
St. Armand.. 6,316,169 209,073 19,736 6,834,527 226,248 19,408
St. Johns..... 66,039,766 8,131,204 660,829 63,077,966 8,642,758 869,402
Three Rivers 388,254 4,265,633 417,685 599,318 5,322,954 550,568
Other ports... 2,860,847 25,277,705 2,642,461 4,009,032 22,401,991 2,684,463
TotaL.. . 611,636,889 "U8,559,052 43,581,4-10 587,928,3-12 308,995,362 55,609,453

FX }'OR1'8 ..L\ D I \1}'UN1'S OF (,AS
t/).t 111
h.
\ altu" of 'robl t.\:)Htrh .Ind Iml)Ort
('nt('r('d for ('olJsuml)t(on. and the dllt)
c.'ollt'c.'h.c.( tlU'rt"on. at ft'rtain I'orts d urln
thl' tiscal ) c.'ars ended .:\Iarch :U. 19J9
and 19
i) -concluded.
U;.J. HI:?O.
Import, fOTI 'Imports fori
Ports. rotal Con!'-ump- Duty Total Con
ulllp- Duty
E,,<ports. tion. Colh"etf'(l. }.:>. po rt:-;. tion. C'ollf'cf(.d.
Ontario. S S j' $ S

Hrantfoni. 7.393,'i7
, D46, (i:!8 7,2::?4,511 916,24:1
BridgC'hurJ?;.. . 73,643,712 3,tj2U, 712. 71- 816'
2,534,720 3,143,461 W6, :?
9
, , ,
( 'ornwall... . . 20, .')!JO, 614 1 3,00.3,3!IO, 3:!
Þ, 934 15,075,513' 3, :?HJ, ti:?6 :,t?7 , 4
6
l'ort Fmnl"'B. 10, 2j'J, 262 1,04.3,661 27\.Þ,
6e 12,2:)4,7tt: 1,311,7:?1 2s4,13U
rort William. .3,045, 87:? I to, 5.')), :
6OI 1,1
7,S:!1 1
,.35-1,13.') H,U76,515' s74,332
Hamilton.... . 2,408,660 U. S:!:
, 26.1 6, !162,
s:J 9Ö3,3
91 41 , 90:1, (16-1 1 6,11-1,470
J\:itchener... . 6,;;88,366 1,078, ü'j2 12,676,8:!
1 I, 6U
, 12S
London. . . . . . . !), :U
;I, 2.3
: 1,622.
H4 I 12.47
,261 I, S:16, 4S

iaJ!;ara rall:s 71.0n,416 7,312,9:H 1,250,34:1 66,Oj6,8li5 7'619,3111 1, j.> 1 , 07 -1
0:-;11 a wa. . . . . . H, 2:
S, 7S2 2,7S7,312 15,:?H5.2-16 4,
.')
.7:?7
Otta\\3....... G6,071'), 12 , 2

S, 221, 2, 0
:I,-115 7,Gm 1
,755.0-l1
,G:
2, 206
Port Arthur.. 6,:193,912 5,336, HIO G07,H22 7.721,640 5.374,715 444,HlO
Pre
cott..... . 21. 3:n, 602 3.0tJ7,1.')...' 4(j:? . .')ß
1-1.2:19.614 1. 9
4, 2.131 304,2.')2
:'t.Catharine!' 2
6,718 8,142,27b' 1,245.14-1 2-1-1,
71 7. S-t5, í(H 1. 2S1. RH4
:-,arn ia. . . . . . . .
8, 626, 68tì 1
,O75,-121 2.2U4.967 :n , :109, 051 15, 2.')6,
:
6 1. 004.296
:-,ault
tc.
)larie. . . . . . 14,600,1'.)3 12,2s-1,5-l3 1,777,-190 15, 73ß, 5

' 6.7 -ts. 2\13
Hm, R:11
Toronto.. . . . . 527, 541 lb&, 123, .þ.s 32,956,820 2,5J.3,510 235,437,8.:")4 42, !}.t!), 765
Trenton. R,S72,B43 liS,435 400,13
;'0,475
WeIland.. . 14,007.5.'){,. 1,3bl,365 10, 4!J7, 13f' UI0,f-45
\\ïnùsor. _ ., . 40,7'il,223 24,OU5,777 5,955,645 48,372,433 36, 9S.3, 62() 10,ß63,617
. Otllf'r port'). . . 2,737,353 7-1,434,!J65 1l,426,4H5 2,fl31,537 76,IS4,7ß!) 10,231, .).)

Total. . . . .!9
:
ìO, tì') lìO.6.)0,6;9 77 ,3:U,:
33 311) ,56"\, -170 5'?9,310,OUI 90,565,
3:

)lanitoba.
Eme
on. . 21,ß69,1-l1 1,865,839 136,315 32,723,305 1,6-tS,222 144,63()
\\ïnnip<,g. . . . . 77,638 42,799,302 10,021,824 406,591 '50,397,062 11,565,330
()t}wr ports.. . 1,159,989 4, 112, 73
t50, üS!). 1,442,733 3,2-14,704 H:
,3U
Total ., . 2'!.9 6. 7G
tS,;77,b79 10,661..'\21\ 3-1.572,629 55.2
9,9 'I 12.1,)3.:107
Saska
I
chewnn.

orth Portal. 20,45-1,047 1 1,453,865 67,342. 30,004,295 708, 057 1 42,534
Rf'gina. . . . . . . 94,725 8,150,250 1,403,0
01 355,170 7,742,491 1,274,5-14
Other port
. . 15
,741 7,783, 922 1 1,3R7,9R7 493,383 8,167,859. 1,379,95:3
Total. . . .
O, 407,513 17,3
,O37 2,8ãS,349 30,8.).!,bl
10,6Ib,-107 2,697,031
_\1 Lerta.
Calgary. . .. . 8,199,514 1,855,736 8,939,763 1,847,583
Othf'r port
.. 2,256,186 7,72j,S65 1,572,798 1 2,209,910 9,943,962 1, 7H.:") , 9lD
Total.. . . 2,256,1
6 1,
,92.
,379 3,12R,53.j 2,2<<19,910 18,
J,725 3,633,502
Britbh
Co1um bia.
Xcw West-
minster.... . 11,772,056 1, 26:1, jCì
' :!:!"i,5:J3 11, U-lH, 7.59 I, 523, m
3; 243,207
Yancouver... . :1.,373,971 46,736,197/
,740, 7091 39, 5:
.5, 2H3 49,25fi,91:3 9,202.941
\Ïctoria. . . . . . 4,
t
\.Þ, 327 · 9,046, 03C, 1 , 4
16 .44JJ j 22,:!sfi,-t7
10,3-10,004 1 1, 181,90:2
Uthpr ports. . 2:1,172, 312 1 6,6-l2,
72 1,01O,fl().j 25.033,79
' 5, 7
8,3211 915,054
Total... . 77,217 ,666 63,691,691 1 11,:1;6,616 97,905,:n:s' 67 , 10
'3231 11,5-1
, 10-1
Yukon -t ooJ :190, ..J
District.
All porb. . . . . .1'.8,69. 319,161 . , - - 3f)S,115 5S,
sl
Prepaid postal
parcels duty
received
through P.O.
Dept. .. . . . .. . 5,903 1,877 11 ,95-1 3,546
(;rand Total,l,268,765,2S5. 916,-I
9,335 158,0-16, :J3-1: I,
S6,6aS, 709 ,1,86-1,528, 12
. 187,521,182

412

TRADE AND CO

IJIERCE

9.-Imports of certain Articles of Raw Material for horn.. consumption, 1902-1920.

Rags, BroOIll Hides, Tobacco,
FiRcal Year. all kinds. corn. 1 horns, pelts, Sugar, raw. raw.
etc. 1
Cwt. $ $ Ton. Lb.
1902......... 367,373 202,487 5,086,052 159,348 11,329,674
1903...................... . 2.11 , 286 165,231 5,662,744 180, 849 13,380,504
1904...................... . 254,484 197.982 4,916,222 183,405 14}2A8,303
1905....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,116,215 175,412 5,240,717 163,717 13,859,152
1906...................... . 1,697,801 196,804 6,811,267 210,215 14,519,658
1907 (9 months)... . . . . . . . . 156,102 16'7,654 5,843,511 142,334 14,347,476
1908............... . 323,453 238,512 4,908,871 217,281 15,690,076
1909...................... . 256,617 246,701 5,218,108 226,712 15,994,878
1910.................. .. . 496,057 432,146 8,237,014 231,152 13,753.141
1911.............. .... .... . 536,604 389,173 8,105,330 271,5,32 17,204,271
1912................ " .. ... 564,296 437,001 8,903,727 281, 402 17,203,513
1913.................... .. . 750,003 377,462 13,486,459 310,101 22,153,588
1914....... . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . 716,882 324,590 8,831,010 347,168 17,598,4-19
1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540,922 285,574 12,842,558 335,820 18,595,957
1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510,472 337,6S8 12,441,731 298,433 20,834,67?
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780,062 449, 137 12,863,893 365,772 17,702,637
1918....... . . - - -. -....... 505,643 851,933 8,794,289 382,807 17,824,947
1919...................... . 570,211 1,119,700 5,426,008 359,470 25,103,080
1920........ . _ .......... . 496,461 840, 180 22,65-1,661 540,787 24,345,295

Fiscal Year.

Cotton \\ 001
or raw cot- Hemp,
ton and undressed.
waste.

Gutta per-
'Wool, raw. elm, llldia-
rubbpl", etc.,
crude.

1902.................................. .
1903............................ .
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1905........ .. -......,..... -. -.,.
1906.... .... ............... - -.-
1907 (9 months)..............
1908. . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...
1909.. . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . .. . . . . . . .
1910..........................., . --

1911.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. '" _ _ .
1912.......... .........................
1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1914.................................. .
1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . .
1919..........................., .......
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . .

Cwt.

693,578
735,760
557,765
636,594
675,495
662,548
5')') 55') 2
653: 16Õ 2
6S0,835 2

812, G22 2
727,939 2
774,578 2
769,930 2
730,325 2
969,679 2
877,634 2
880,374 2
1,117,2B5 2
964,715 2

Cwt.

160,794
129,856
123,885
102,529
123,857
75,037
145, 969
69,553 3
58,9113
81,')17 3
82,661 3
64,990 3
55,572 3
55,370 3
50,914 3
15,846 3
45, 177 3
72,887 3
46,553 3

Cwt.

103,607
79,947
73,394
76,172
63,118
39,228
61,292
56,839
74,271

64,224
71 , 954
92,092
72,521
131,940
211 , 407
145,812
115,380
158,767
117,717

Cwt.

29, 104
28,615
32, 134
28,103
24,916
20,021
25,562
20,391
35,555

28,035
44,313
56,655
44,504
65,045
99,132
107,580
130,956
192,272
244,335

1Value only; the Trade and Navigation Returns do not give quantitieE.
2Cotton waste included with rags, all kinds. 3lncludes dressed hemp.

I UrVRTS OF C.LY.tu.t

113

'!U.-lm,)Ctr's of (.'\I..,d., h)' ,..hit's .'nfl'rt'd for .'OIISIIß1,.tlon from Urltlsh t;ml)ir(' and
}'ort'ien ('cmntrh'" IIIHlt'r tilt" (;t'nl'ral, .-rt'f.'rt'ntlal. and 1'rt'at, n..h' 1'arUr, In
thl' t"O IIsl'at )I'arS 1919-1920.

CountriH;.

British t:m,)irt',
total".

{
nitC'd KinJ!dnm.
\u:-,tralia... . ..
British \\C'
t Indies...
British Guiana.
I nd ia. . . .., .
X C'w Zealand. . . .
Fiji I:.;lands....
} lon
]\:cm
......
XC'w(oundland.
OthC'r Pos
p:.;sions.

HUH. 1
I20.
Prf'ff'r('n- Trf'aty l'f(.fprt'n- Trpaty
l;f'IH'ral. tial. ratC'
. Gt'npral. t ial. ratt's.
S It S S

S
'1-
n n 1"1 "1" l.tI.,).715 I.') OO"!. 4ã I I U"!.I11.0.)ì 2;!.').) S!tt
. I. .J,' t"1 J., I. .. . I .
2,Rïfi.1774.j,717,7:m I ,4'" . O!I:?I 10. 6-t." , 57580,374,301\ 2,222,O
1)
3:>7 , 5:?:
1.:?Ofi 307, tHI 3,ti:Jl
:?ti:ï, 9W 3,619.87U Ii 501 ,RiO 6,
4
, 41J
1
42,93:3 ti, tis7 ,312 :! 10. f)
14 6,
:H;, :J,'j!1
2, ,')fJ:3, 8:-17 4,828,47ti 1,404,O.H) 4,1:!7,Snl ,)-
-.J
131,3m l 1,2:13, (12 :!3.690 s'm. HfìH
52,'),804 714.14ü
1, 114, 7s:? 5 1, 4:
s, titi" 2!) , 477
tlos. ti7
23,41j()
444, 60
500,547 4CÜ 441,897 2,370.00,1) 67.)

.. or('ic:n ( ountrlt'!oo. I
total .. . U:J. I
, 126 9..61.SOj ,').') I. 963.203 - 19.322.560
\u
tria-lIunl!:ar
' . 4
}' 723
Bc:>I
iulU. . 707 S
ti.2H7 112, la

Franf'(\ . I,
"I), l;;n I, 501. h
il 4,227,352 4,124.542
(;c:>nllany. . . i5 42.5HO
Holland.... . 3'0.72.') 2. -t{l
I 74H.7.í3 7, WI
.lapan..... . -1.277.4!IO 7,372.::;\\01 4, 177,O
2
,603,a7S
:'pain.. ..... . á37,2
h 42.74!} 1, 12H. 52(;1 2!I9,
1H
:-\\\ it 7prland .
2!}, 3ð' 794.231 1. 747, 7.'\H 5,7 4:J. nOti
r ni tNI f'ta t(\
. 116,4iO,4:?:! - I -l!I
}. 71(). 625'
Italy. .
:?O. IX.) :!!I,51ì2 1 643,111' .1,1), fI
:J
Xon\uy... 4..
II I .
... I 1ì1ì,
71 3-1.í, H!IO
.' dll
Swt.dpn. . . . . . . . 73,711.; I, .)74 315, 603 1 20. .177
.-\la:-;k:\. . 52,7...7 1-
:) 101 i, 2Iì.)
Otht'r ('ountriC's.... 18,5.')'\, .;-t
1 .)., .) 41 , -104 . 7ni 10,127
I I

21.-..\ggrl'gatc Trade of (.anada b) Countril'!\ for t ht' list'al ) l'ar t'lld('d )Ianh :n. 19'
Ð.

Countries.

I Import...
for
Con:,UI11 pt ion

Export< of I
Canadian rota.l TradC'.
Produce.

Briti!'h Ernpire-
rnitcd Kinl!:doIll.........
A(rica-
Briti::;h Ea:.;t... .
British
outh. . . .
Briti:-h Wc:;t.
HC'rmurla.. .., ..
British E
t Indi('
-
C'c\"lon
India...... .. . .

traits
cttlpmC'nts. . '.'
Other British Ea:-t Indi('
.........
Briti:-;h Cuiana... . . . . .
BritIsh Honduras.. ..... . . . . . . . ... ' . . . . . . . . .

$
126,362.631 489,152,6
i 615,515,268

,202 108,131 116,333
735,94&; 8.649,756 9.385,70-1
174,928, 1, OG7, 639 1 1,24.2,567
,55, G04 1.249.020 1 l,304,G24
3, 1ß
, 132 1 201,616 3,369,748
7, 78.
, 2.14 I 4,818,0,53 12,603,307
5, 2G9, 1
01 1,742,554 7,011,734
13,846 36 1 13.882
7,412,93]1 3, 109, 3811 10, .
22, 312
302,043 29,350 331,393

.

414

TRADE AÞ/D COJIJIERCE

21.-Aggregate Trade of Canada b) Countries for the fiscal )"ear ended :\Iarch 31, 1921)
-continued.

Countries.

Bri tish Empire-concluded.

Bri tish 'Vest Indies-
Barbados. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jamaica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trinidad and Tobago...... . . . . . . . .
Other British West Indies.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Egypt. . . . . .. .,................... _ . . . . .
Gibraltar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hong Kong. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Newfoundland. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oceania-
Australia.. . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fiji. . . .. . _ .. .. .. . . . .
New Zealand. . . . . ., ...,... - . - - . - . . - . . .
Other BritIsh rossessions.......

Total British Empire......

Foreign Countries-
Argentine Republic.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brazil. . . . . . .. . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . .. .........
Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
China. . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...........
Central American States l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . .
French Africa... . ... . .. . . . " . . .. . ., .' . ..,
French 'Vest Indies..:..... " . . . . . . . .' . .. .
St. Pierre and Miquelon... . . " ...... . . .. .
Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ . . . . . . . . .
Greece......... . .. ...... -. . . .... .
Hayti. . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . .
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Korea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . .
Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Netherlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dutch East Indies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dutch Guiana............................
Dutch \Vest Indies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Norway...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Panama. .... .. ............................
Peru...................................... .
Portugal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roumania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Santo Domingo.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Serbia........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Siam............ ............ ...............
Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . .
Sweden. _ _ . _ . . . _ _ . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . _. .....

Imports
for
Consumption.

$

7,532,265 .
2,631,833
966,719
983,973
10,271
282
3,208,836
2,146,414
1,371,775
714,306
3,494,600
1,686

17-1,351,659

3,402,554
911,407
1,973,768
240
1,205,229
343,200
17,585,528
105.310
10,630,865

40,297
44,255
729,830
174,472
999,040
13,637,287
25
2,648,915
2,266,169
3,70J,400
87,943

461,848

5,072,408
312,912

14,496
10,675,287

1,660
1,528,298
360,353

IGuatemala, Salvador, Honduras, :Kicaragua, Costa Rica.

Exports of
Canadian
Produce.

$

2,131,195
3,280,535
3,746,644
1,710,902
227,652
4,380,054
1,343,867
16,175,443
11,415,623
124,005
6,987,008
136,902

561,788,003

6,126,457
28,463,855
2,703,488
890,960
6,665,805
181,351
6,329,783
2,938,026
61,108,693
362,637
470,934
748,573
610,528
29,588,984
174,543
16,959,557
7,732,514
1,469
410,825
5,653,218
1,492,775
131,905
42,569
4,798,299
409,291
273,967
197,385
12,953,605
1,492,041
169,186
11 , 632
39,727
1,096,053
4,449,105

Total Trade.

410

$

9,663,460
5,912.368
4,713,363
2,694,875

237,923
4,h80,336
4,552,703
18,321,857

12,787,398
}... 838,311
10,481,608
138,588
735,139.662

9,529,011
29,375,262
4,677,256
891,200
7,871,034
524,.551
23,915,311
3,043,336
71,739,558
362,637
470,934
788,870
654,783
30,318,814
349,015
17,958,597
21,369,801
1,494
3,059,740
7,919,387
5,202,175
219,848
42,569
5,260,147
409,291
5,346,375
510,297
12,953,605
1,506,537
10,844,473
11 , 632
41,387
2,624,351
4,809,458

.{(,(;REfrA.TE TR tbE Of' r.LYAD.t

-us

I.- \g
rl'
:,ll' Tradl. of ('anada b) Coulltrle
for tll(
fiscal) ear ended
)Iarch 31, 1921. -concluded.

Import- I E'\port." of
Countri('
. I for C'anadian Total Tmdt>.
('on:--umpt i( 10. Producp.
I
$ S
F ore
n Coun t ries-conr I ur I t'd. 7,;.')S,051 1
S\\ itzerland _.. . . . 1,.JS.J,416 9,242,46;
Turkey. '>'
3 4"'
I 2,336,717 2,5ïO.l
\j
-' ., ,
I
United State
.. 801, O!); ,31S 464, O:?8, IS3 1,26.'),12'>.501
A In:oka. 415. .')'\.) 432,7-14 84H,329
Ha"aii.. . 403, {iS7 163,970 567,6.;;
Philippine 1:51anùs.. 47,014 292,547 339,5()1
}'orto Rico..... . . 1,910 1,-IS9,667 1,491,577
l ruguay. . 3::!::!,O86 6'9,53:-' 1,011,624
Y ('nezucIa... _ . . _ . .
!19, 240 404,007 703,247
Other Foreign Countries. . .. 719,354 1,313,094 2,032,-l4S
Total "'orell:'l1 ('oul1trb. "90, 176,.jfÞJ 641 ,,0 I.tm.) 1. .)'Þ'ì ,"''''''. ,').)!.
Totallm))orb and ":\('ort:-.. 1.061.5.)'\.1"!3 1; :i9,t92.09S 2,30 I O'!'.,
'! t

...2.- \
fl'c:ah' Trade of Canada h
Countrll's for the fiscal ) l'ar ended
'Ianh :U. 19.!1.

Inl'"')r.rt:; I rX! orts ( f
Cour tries. f r Canadia.l Total Trade.
C )I c:;umpti n.1 Pr )et u"c.
, I
British Empire-
l"nitcd Kingdom...... . . . . . . .. .. .. .. 213,944.814 312,84
,H21 526,7s;.735
Africa-
British East. . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 11 , 26'> 241,13ð 252.40:{
British
outh. 146,7H8 14,64
,
79 14,7\'5,677
British West....... 104,719 66l1,576 771,295
Bermuda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,959 1,523,992 1,600,951
British East Indi(,8-
Ce
'lon.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,351,117 344, 167 2,695,284
India........ . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,756,712 4, H.l6, 350 1O,95
,062
Strait
SC'ttlcments..... . 5,129,473 1,843,744 6,973,217
Other British East Indie
........ 3,925 4,637 8,562
British. Guiana... . . . . . . . . . 9,Oð8,567 3,594,118 12,6
2,685
British Hondura
........ . . . 134,739 38,783 173,522
British West Indies--
Barbados. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 314. u
,t5 2,537,OS7 10,852,083
Jamaica.............. . 4,418.0G2 3,3S0,991 7,799,053
Trinidad and Tobago...... G::!S,R96 4,949,376 5,578,272
Other British West Indie... . . . . 1,471,792 2,162,771 3.634,563
Eg).pt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391,3:?6 914,718 1,306,044
Gibraltar. .. . ... . . . . . . . . . 1,073 509,814 510,887
Hong Kong. .. ..... . . _ . . _ 3,516,760 2,000.825 5,517,585
Newfoundland...... . 2,886,203 16,695,426 19,581,629
Oceania-
Australia... . . . . . 791,9S0 18,114,496 18,906,476
Fiji. . . . . . . . . . . 1,510,599 170,879 1,681,478
New Zealand. .. . .. 4,219,965 11,873,000 16,092,965
Other British Possessions....... 10,4b2 215,914 226,396
Total Uritish Empire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 65, 911,2'!21 O:I,"70,60
fiti9,3S1,82-t

416

TRADE A1VD C01JJMERCE

21.-Aggregate Trade of Canada by Countries for the fiscal )'ear ended
:tlarch 31, 1921-concluded.

Countrie::-.

Foreign Countries-

Argentine Republic......
Belgium. . . .. . . . . ·
Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Central American States 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cuba............ ............ ...............
Denmark................................. .
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
French Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
French \Vel'5t Indies..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Pierre and :\Iiquelon.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ha:yti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I tal v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Japån. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Korea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Netherlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dutch East Indies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dutch Guiana. . . . . . . . . . .
Dutch 'Vest Indies.. . . .. ..
X or\vay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pananla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peru...................... ..............
Portugal.. . . ...... .... .... . . . . . .. . . ..... ...
Rounlania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
R u::;;sia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ant? Domingo.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
;:o,erbla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
::-;iam.................... ... ............

pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:--\veden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Switzerland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.....\..laska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ha\vaii........ . . " ., ... . . . . .. . . . .... .
Philippine Island
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Porto Ripo... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
r ruguay . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . .
\ enezuela. .. . _ ., _ .. . . . . . . . .
Other Foreign Countries.... . ..

Total Foreign Countries........

Imports
for
Consumption.

$
2,403,938
4,660,252
2,151,066
97,579
1,888,521
376,301
30,743,239
119,994
19,006,902
2,240
5,176
56,257
1,517,6g5
817,157
156,056
1,745,330
11,359,OU3
1,000
2,185,3
9
4,231,552
993,764

616,978

4,171,912
517,222
688
17,390
7,578,794

5,013
2,308,829
549,187
14,143,448
683,656
856,613,4'30
309,463
225,755
229,907
552
455,105
451,357
820,56

Exports of
Canadian
Produce.

$
8,172,108
40,252,487
2,835,191
864,309
4,906,570
473,936
6,573,768
523,485
27,428,308
1,312,859
140,589
590,055
8,215,337
20,834,577
95,135
57,758,343
6,414,920
4,160
1,086,197
20,208,418
2,426,0'17
135,427
44,508
5,119,365
450,202
614,472
1,476,894
3,801,584
246,719
247,436
1,527
94,476
5,110,725
5,528,361
1,410,777
2,701,538
542,304,456
482,312
132,798
511,741
1,315,716
816,503
278,5-11
1,660,182

Total Trade.

$
10,576,046
44,912,739
4,986,257
961,888
6,795,091
850,237
37,317,007
643,479
46,435,210
1,315,099
145,765
646,312
9,763,022
21,651,734
251,191
59,503,673
17,773,923
5,160
3,271,596
24,439,970
3,419,851
135,427
44,50R
5,736,343
450,202
4,786,384
1,994,116
3,802,272
264,109
7,826,230
1,527
99,489
7,419,554
6,077,548
15,554,225
3,475,194
1,398,917,886
791,775
358,55

741,648
1,316,268
1,271,608
729,898
2,480,745

971,217.660 785,693.099 1,759,9tO,759

Total Imports and Exports....... . .. 1,210.158,882 1 1,189.163,701 2,429,322,583 2
IGuatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Ripa.
2The total trade in this Table does not correspond with that of the Table on pag,e 338,
because exports of foreign proluce are not included here.

EYPORTS OF' C
LV lD.l

417

23.- 'altH's of ";tJtort
from f"anada of Home JÞrodtu.c to thft IIrUlsh .:mI)lr(' alul to
}'ort'lgn ('ountrles In the the fls('al ) ('ars 1917-1921.

Countries.

llritish t:mpire- total ...
l.nitt'd Kingdom........
.\u:-,tralia......... . . .. . . .
Xt'\\ Zpalaud. .........
Bf'rmuda... ... ... . . . . . . .
Briti
h \frica.........
Briti:.;h (;uiarUL..... . . . . .
Briti:.;h lIondura..i. . . . . . .
British India....... ...
EI!'} pt and Sudan.....
:-;tmits :-'f'ttlf'lUpnt
......
Ea.."t ludit's, all other....
Brit i
h WC'
t IndiC's.... . .
Fiji h-Iand:i. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gihraltar.... . . ..... . . . .
Houl! Kou
.. . . . . . . . . . . .
Xp\\ioundland. . . . . . . . . .
. \11 ot lH'r.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"'onicrn ('ountrh's-tot,,'-
.\la
ka...... _ .... . . . .
.\r1!;f'ntina.... . . . .
.\ustria-llungary.. .
Belgium. . . . . .
Brazil. . _ _ _. . .. _....
Central.\m. States......
('hile. . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . .
('hina....... . . . . . . . . . .
J)C'nmark. . . . . . . . . . . .
DUÌt.h E3.::!t Indie
. . . . . .
I"ranec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Frpueh .\frica.. . . . . . . . . .
Gt.rmany. . " ..........
C;rC'C'cc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IIa\\"aii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Holland........ . . . . . . . . .
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Japan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lt'xieo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

or\vay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J>f'ru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Philippines. ... . . . . . . . . . .
Portugal... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roumania......... . . . . . .
HU8sia... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

t. Pierre and
Iiquclon.

paiu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ . .

w('d('n. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

\\ itzC'rland. . . . . . . . . .
Turkev. _ . . . . . . . .
ruitcd
tat('s......
eruguay... .. ..
Yenezuela. . . . . . . . . . _ .
\\'t:."st Indies-Cuba......
Daui
h West Indies'...
Porto Rico....... . . . . .

anto Domingo.......
Other West Indies.. . . .
All othpr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1917.

S
..5,7,10..116
742,147,537
6,549,546
3,302,240
5S4,577
4,742,329
1,631,:UJ5
2,;)1)2
1,(Y.)4,04H
HiO,29.')
333,3HU
27,S27
5,1ti3,27S
l.').'),fJ.'):)
2,
0",.,).,)4
4
)4 ,4fi2
ß,.,)17,.')
t"I
2.;,2:?lt

3i.,) 6:
.),:r!.

1Ii:?511
1,67:3,.')75

664, 72

l,O:?S, lfj:)
79,ß29
.JUS. I 77
1:0g,OO

111,044
332,785
64,039,192
8,744

19,309
247,752
1 ,5tH ,4S0
11 ,22fi.0.') 1
1,20.>,067
70,330
964,552
246,71H
12,S08
209,689

3.7.1.1,569
187,fJfJI
3:?ß,179
18.215
672,508

280,616,330
1)8,549
23''',911
2,967,053
24,910
719,918
39,827
213,831
705,4t;8

1918.
S

..;
s,3;6
S45,4
0,069
R,().'):3,fi35
4.mm,S2:J
814,550
5,lS().116
1,978,:323
I:J,4fìS
2,99:>,fJ30
579,702
71i1,607
17 ,23S
6,f..:
S,5f)3
lfi9,040
I !I:

I, ()u:J ,900
10 , HH ,.')fJ.j
14, II:).')

ti.)lJ2:
9,n2
[)U.),Olilj
1,20:),142

4,Hm}.4:>3
H7 4.,;3(i

;'(),:
02
314.:

4
1,9:>4,0,')5
:39.2:m
344,19li
201,0:>3,676
795

4.262
19:
.027
2,4{.:l,574
3.336.059
4,861.24-1
482,428
17:3,491
99,377
33,153
14,878

4,()U
,47.1
34.1,303
9S,2.=)fJ
15,5
1ft
3,921

417,812,807
97,916
103,935
4,015,940
11,010
751.4:
6
45,OS7
171,989
442,581

1919.

60.>..U9.Îð9
540,750,977
14,lOH,(i29
n,227 ,S9

1,179,025
I2,242,40S
2 ,(.4fJ, lfiH
:> I ,SOS
2,90.'),42()
924,932
H44,244
S:?,071
10,200,5

117,91i2
fJ07,1;:)7
9!J:"1 Iii
11,32.;,2:).')
:3''',1.76

611, C)
oiI,or;
300, 11

4,603,130

9.-,0.318
4,0'\S,.,):)4
17 5,6
HJ
2,321,329
2,85(),9:
:3
42,0:m
9!Hi,.')75
96,IO:J,142
72,815

16,902
709,246
19'),9S5
13,181.514
12,245,439

(iS,943
1,14H,123
2S3,0:?2
fJ.
,.=)51
3fJ7,44fì

6,164,ü.'),1{
.52:J,4S8
231 ,0!J.j
19,220
7,6fj5
6:H,023
454,873,170
332,952
40,441
5,035,975
324
1,071 ,805
:J9,663
162,946
859,795

1920.

561, .h..".OO:1
4S9, \ 52,li37
Il,415,fJ23
6,9S7,OOS
1,249,020
9,S25,526
3,109,3\\1
29,3,')0
4,818,0:>:

227,(i,')2
1,742,.'),)-1
201,li.,)2
10,8fi!},2ïli
124,00.')
4,:i"O,O.j4
I ,34:
,Sli7
16,17:>,443
136,902

6;;'.. iO I..09.i
4:
2,744
6, t:!6,457
:33 , lr.

28.4fi3,X.').')
2,iOa,4SS
181,351
S HO . 9fJO
6.6fi.1,80.,)
2,9:
8,02{)
I,4!J2,77,')
61,108,693
362,H37
610 ,52S
29,5
S,9S4
163,970
S.fJ.')3,218
1 fJ,9.>9,:>.')7
7,732,':>14
410,82.')
4,798,299
273,9fJ7
2H2 ,.547
197,38:)
12,9:)3.fiOj
1,492,041
748,.573
1.096,0.53
4,449,105
1,484,416
2,3:
6,717
464,028,183
6S9,,:';38
404,007
6,329,783
2,2.16
1,189,6ß7
1fJ9,18fJ
513,503
1,435,709

1 Guatemala,
alvador, Honduras,
icaragua and Costa Rica.
2 Now American Virgin Islands.
18-127-27

1921.

S
103..-liO,b02
312,842,921
IR,1l4:,4!W
11 ,873,000
1,523,992
15,55ß,5H:)
3,.194, 11

:1",783
4,1 HfJ,3.')0
914,71

1 ,X4:),744
:H
,
04
13,O:
O,22.j
170,879
.iO!).814
2,OOO,8:!5
16,tì9.'),4:W
215,914

7S5.69:
.099
4S2,312
8, 17
.lOR
1
9 ,5:
()
40,2.12,4S7
2,835,I!H
473,9:
()
HfJ4.:m9
4.90fJ,.170
5

,4S5

,42fJ,O
7
27 ,4
R,3()

1,:n2.8.'j9
R,215,337
20,834,577
132,79b
20,:!0'<,418
57,758,34:3
6,414,
20
l,OI.jI;,197
5,119,365
ôl4,472
511,741
1,476,894
3,
0l ,S84
246,719
S90,0.505
S,110,725
5,528,361
1,410,777
2.791,S3R
542,304,456
R16,503
278,541
6,573,7ßR
1.131
1,315,7W
247,43fJ
18.1,097
2.310,442

,

418

TRADE A1\TD Co.Z
Il1JERCE

24.-Values of Imports into Canada of ]Ierrbandise ent{'re(l for ConSUntl)tion front
tbe British Empire and from Foreign Countries in the five fiscal ).ears 1917-1921;
also of Coin and Bullion.

Countries. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921.
$ $ $ $ $
Britisb Empire-total.. . . 1-1-1,132,919 128,055,371 123,671,5-10 174,351,659 265.911,222
United Kingdom........ 107,096,584 81,324,283 73,035,118 126,362,631 213,944,814
Australia........ , . . . . . . . 762,113 2,356,665 4,963,446 1,371,775 791,980

ew Zealand. . . . . . . . . . . 2,242,515 3,735,559 7,855,436 3,494,600 4,219,96.5
Bermuda. ....... ...... . 12,305 84,940 39,056 55,604 76,959
British Africa. . . . . . . . . . . 221,544 568,842 1,308,016 919,078 262,782
Briti
h Guiana..... . . - . . 7,192,893 6,716,647 6,747,072 7,412,931 9,088.567
British Honduras. . . . . - . 1,065,953 352,028 298,906 302,043 134,739
British India. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,9
5,8R2 9,355,593 8,395,290 7,785,2.54 6,756,712

traits Settlements... . . . 841,195 3,120,996 5,081,663 5,269,180 5,129,473
East Indies, all other.. . . 1,132,706 3,977,637 1,746,481 3,181,978 2,355,042
British "'e!"t Indies.. . ... ]4,239,005 10,550,550 8,437,825 12,114,790 14,833,746
Fiji...... ......... ., .... 831,890 1,151,369 525,804 714,306 1,510,599
Hong Kong. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,398,984 1,805,515 2,121,909 3,208,836 3,.516,760
Newfoundland...... .. .. 2,146.958 2,947,527 3,098,834 2,146,414 2,886,203
Egypt and Sudan.... . . . . 11,341 4,297 16,073 10,271 391,326
All other. . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . 11,051 2,923 611 1,968 11,555
Foreign Countries-total 701.223.387 to\3-1,-I88,375 796,0-10,165 890,176,46-1 97 -1,2-1 7 ,660
Alaska...... . . . ... ... 19-,572 10,374 52,787 415,585 309,463
Argentina.... . ..... ..... 2,702,071 984,955 1,139,267 3,402,554 2,403,938
Austria-Hungary..... ." 1,390 75 - 49,723 96,1ß4
Belgium. . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ,
96 12,973 6,270 911,407 4,660,252
Brazil....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,062,485 990,777 1,156,332 1,973,768 2,15 L,066
Central Am. States 1 ... . . 351,350 398,374 393,477 343,200 376,301
C'hilc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198,357 478,378 1,05H,557 240 97,579
China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,128,342 1,336,890 1,954.466 1,205,229 1,888,521
D('nmark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,460 14,388 41,2;)2 105,:nO 119,994
Dutch East Indies. . . . . . 620,188 2,831,ß42 3,334,746 3,709,400 993,764
Dutch Guiana........... 4,549 203,473 117,732 87,943 -
:France..... . ......... . 6,480,476 5,274,064 3,632,900 10,630,865 19,006,902
Fr('nch Africa.... . . . . . . . 140 997 - - 2,240
Germany. - -.................... 14,132 27,181 75 44,255 1,547,685
Greece. . . . . . ................ .. 160,472 20,296 33 729,830 817,157
Hawaii.... - .............. .. 55,697 30,840 3,467,856 403,687 225,755
Holland....... . . . . - . . . 1,234,993 1,o.r';4,176 495,409 2,266,169 4,231,552
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,227,007 771,187 555,112 999,040 1,745,330
Japan.............. . . - 8,122,735 12,255,319 13,618,122 13,637,287 11,369,003
Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 677,551 6M,790 584,047 2,648,915 2,185,399
Norway.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325,239 141,058 25,785 461,848 616,978
Peru................... . 1,653,290 2,362,243 2,580,813 5,072,408 4,171,912
IJhilippines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40,324 23,329 169,896 47,014 22g,907
Portugal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260,094 238,420 111,689 312,912 517,222
Russia..... . . . .. ..... ., - 24,140 8,477 83,888 14,496 17,390
Rt. Pierre and Miquelon. 5,362 3,809 7,092 40,297 56,257
t;pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909,546 808,807 697,643 1,528,298 2,308,829
Rweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99,838 110,172 178,855 360,353 549,187
Rwitzerland...... .. ... .. 4,499,321 3,146,482 1,780,812 7,758,051 14,143,448
Turkey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 - - 233,478 683,656
rnitcd States........... 664,219,653 791,906,125 750,203,024 801,097,318 856,613,430
rruguay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,619 .50,481 328,687 322,086 455,105
Venezuela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,OR4 301,292 149,155 299,240 451,357
,,'pst Indies-Cuba... .. . 610,807 1,085,547 3,040,953 17,585,528 30,743,239
Danish W. Indies 2 ..... - 107 - - - 2g6
Porto Rico. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,388 136 2,488 1.910 552
Ranto Domingo. . . . . . . 3,888,807 6,615,961 4,728,732 10,û75,287 7,578,794
Other 'Y cst Indies.. . . . - 187 - - 5,176
All other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270,662 324,700 341,213 801,533 886,860
Coin and Bullion........ 28,081,120 12,279,173 - - -

1 Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
2 Kow American Virgin blands.

[JIPORTS .L'D E};PORTS UF CA.N
t]).t

419

I).) -'"aliI(' of 'It.rdtaluh!'o(' hl1l)(tr(('(1 hUtt and "'\I)ctrh'd from Canoad" f hroll rh the
l:llltcd Iooitah's durin t 11.., tls('al ) l'ars l'IUIl'd 1\lanh 31. 1919-J!.
O.

Countri('s "hf'nce imported
and to which exporwd.

rnitf'd Kin
dom.... ......
.\ustra.lia...... .. ...
Rriti
h .\fri('a................
Hriti
h India.. .... . ........
Hriti
h Ea
t Indi('
(Ceylon)...
Briti...h (;uiana........ . . . .
Briti...h ITondura
....
Briti...h \\{':-t Indií'
.
Egypt and
u(lan....
C; ihraltar.
Honf,!; h.ong. . -
X f'\\ Zf':t.land...
:-:trait"
<'ttlpmf'ntg. . . . . .
Other Briti:-:h pu
...(,..
ions.

Total. British }'DlJ)Lre I

_ \rgpnt inn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . .
Bplgium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
('('ntral
\merican Statí's....
('h iif'. . . . . . . . . . . . .
China.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C'uha.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Df'nmark. .....
J)uh.h Ea
t Indip5.,
Dutrh C;uinna.. . . . . . . . .
Fr<<'n('h Wl':,t IndÍf's.. . . .
I'ranrp. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
French
\frjca.......
Grf'pcf'....... .
Havti. ..
HoÌland. .
Ita]\". ...... ..
Jap3.n...... . .. . . . . . .

Ie'tico.... ......... .. .....

or" ay . . . . - . - . . . - . . . .
Panama. .
Peru.. . .. ..
Phil ippinc Islands .
Porto Rico...
Portugal... ..
Roumania.
Ru

ia.......... .,

anto Domingo..... . . . . . . . . .
8iam. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spain..... . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . .
S\,-eden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

witzerland........... .. .......
Turke
. . . . . . .. ................
l-. S. of Colombia.... . . . . . . . . .
l-ruguay........ .... ., .. .. ..
\T enezucla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other countries... . . . . . .. . . . . . .

Total, for('lgn countrie
(;rand Total....... . . . . .

If'rchan(lis(' imporlf'd
through Cnitpd
tates.

1919.
S

2, 7ti9, 2:19
344.4;j:!
649,080
4, 2:
", 246
.
:>:
, lR2
3, 079,
:H
2
2,40t
1, :>58,
)

8,772

77, I:>R
122,(j74
24û,26fì
1",112

13,t.i
; Sf.')

3
7,460

320,
0

139,S73

10
, 740
9
0,:1S0
3,04!}
1,042,190

"
7,714

7,9
7
97,8.'\1
8.S4

301,501;
:>
7,40;j
4(j9,107

5,.')40
53,
fI!J
2,77;j
61,416

1 ,'is(j
1, 81)3, (i22
4
, 248
'igg, 728
109,190
378,787

53,976
554,214
73,590
16,031

9.300,200

22.98
.0 15

1 Includes $572,803 exports to Germany.
18-t
7-27i

1920.

$

4,3û;j,OSf)
212,fiOS
"2, 0:
2
1, S'\I, OS7
1, 116,7;J1
1, n."),\, :
H7
1

,2:>1
2,321.R:
2

91,111
53,733

11, 9ì.;.
!n

1'017' 398 1
3, filiI,
1, H):
, 927
20, "it/,j

54, 8;):

1, W7, 12:>
12,791
29n,12S
58,8;J3

û94, 289

71,.')21
14
. 210
245,926
414,42

16.=), 220
418, 1
2
3,5.)9

410,251
19,494

43,96:>

4, ï4
, 9!J.J

549,0:>3
137,91i6
266,371

253,4:>3
26,7.j3
144,878
42,850

13, 15S,950
25,13-1,8-11

ff'rchandi
p
portf'd
through {.nited Sta.tps.

1919.

$

R,5, OS6, 39

û,714,1:18
ß, l:
S, 140
2.:>fiS,7S4
Ii:>, to:

û:?7,4n4
:>1,li\,;
4,229,7SS
916,8:>3
2,693
:!li6,2.,)0
2,

2,271
:i:H, :>44
1:1S,S7fÞ

1 O!t,titm,OI j

3, j!j:
, 449
231 , 392
1, 1 ()(). ü:H
170,
:
8
2,241,
70
372,390
2,970,719
42. 0:
9
9S.).20S
.56

67,6H2
11,914, nR
72,
t.=)
16,902
2,I:>R

4,;)00
Z,
!6,90

I , I 14, H).)
4
1,207
!)r,6, no
100,071
136,931
13,420
5
.), 720
184,707

241,907
39,204
31 , 8.=)8
229,7.')7
12,020
7,624
4
0, on
4
, 2,=)9
92,990
33,221
494,292

12,-U2,-I9ð

152.111,515

1920.

s

96,856,014
3,747,244
2, 604,
:m
4, !)7fi, 70R
197,li04
1
I, 7f':>
29,:?fI t
2,4t
,4!)!)
140,4S3
lS.'),2
ã
278, Sli 1
1,401),917
1,419, s;n
142,609
11',16:;.'
9
3,O
ß,023
4, li!)S, 279
2,02R,709
177,126
&24,S93
7H},018
2, ;)2:
,
)48
2, 1:
R, 77S
1,4.58, 143
1:1,!)56
370,8(j0
û, S.,)!} , 978
126,206
9,019,188
172,732
2.7
1,873
4,404,149
4,619,831
3.')2,151
6
1, 71i9
234, 70:

241,2()2
173,410
632,321
76,69.'>
1,742,878
92,2:>0
Hi4, 116
22,490
757,911
915,158
115, 182
;J91,907
100,737
223,641
403,568
975,272 1
5-1,-190,711
16
,656, 149

420

TRADE AND CO]fJfERCE

26.-Quantities and Values of Selected Animal and Agricultural Food Products
imported into the United Kingdom, by Countries whence imported, during the
fife calendar years, 1915-1919. [From the British Annual Statement of Trade, 1919 ]
(Values converted at par of exchange. .tl=$4.86i.)

Imports by Countries. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Butter-
Russia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 1,017,507 31,918 - - 6,954
$ 31,005,592 970,111 - - 426,359
Sweden............ .cwt. 128,294 992 - - -
$ 4,718,418 36,914 - - -
Denmark. . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 1,327,100 1, 134,801 622,160 40,327 290,291
$ 49,744,137 50,506,510 34,225,320 3,753,617 19,212,797
Netherlands........ .cwt. 44,544 36,202 75,880 9,885 1,641
$ 1,527,491 1,637,526 3,713,062 799,676 1,1,285
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 352,090 130,249 45,707 4,770 2
$ 1,074,957 4,743,749 2,434,029 360,080 78
United States...... .cwt. 77, 130 131,618 10,534 196,593 216,495
$ 2,575,440 5,741,061 516,275 11,856,490 13,368,285
Argentina...... . . . . .cwt. 82,947 117,597 142,300 313,143 265,675
$ 2,769,386 4,576,657 6,851,517 18,478,977 16,275,170
Australia.......... .cwt. 371 , 685 145,065 529,809 540,072 417,371
$ 12,415,908 6,033,990 25,371,866 32,716, 756 25,555,723
New Zealand...... .cwt. 374,898 331,162 310,925 372,572 318,872
$ 13,109,865 13,274,539 15,551,958 22,382,608 19,030,769
Canada.......... " .cwt. 24,401 101,531 33,057 61,971 33,337
$ 814,884 4,163,609 1,669,685 3,767,530 2,032,261
Other countries.. .cwt. 53,259 14,280 36,144 39,325 9,566
$ 1,754,614 606,811 1,625,385 2,096,990 622,150
Total. . . . . . . . . cwt. 3,853,855 2,175,415 1,806,516 1,578,558 1,560,204
$ 131,510,692 92,291,477 91,959,107 96,212,721 96,621,877
Cheese-- 112,587
Netherlands....... .cwt. 129,105 244,865 87,896 79,217
$ 2,132,744 3,115,723 7,543,304 3,024,614 3,252,340
France. . . . . . . . . . . . - . cwt. 6,875 7,150 1,595 69 1,279
$ 135,790 155,106 52,638 4,915 45,455
Switzerland. . . . . . . . cwt. 6,112 4,965 569 - 190
, $ 137,308 136,851 26,309 - 22,319
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 75,917 31, 938 371 - 180
$ 1,448,379 742,127 22,543 - 17,174
"Gnited States...... .cwt. 459,793 274,687 267,138 472,328 16,169
$ 9, 187,371 6,355,53
9,225,954 16,100,184 608,952
New Zealand...... .cwt. 709,326 667,214 609,700 610,655 1,239,553
$ 14,996,463 16,314,016 19,469,903 18,735,182 41,148,635
Australia. . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 20,542 1 63,349 47,258 112,736
$ 446,
14 19 2,347,325 1,389,555 4,043,884
Canada............ .cwt. 1,315,177 1,505,018 1,757,949 1,125,668 647,212
$ 25,510,040 36,169,938 56,010,564 37,451,000 23,821,058
Other:countries.... .cwt. 3,689 564 530 13,229 21,714
$ 60,044 13,408 18,425 703,058 870,534
Total.,....... .cwt. 2,726,536 2,601,121 2,916,066 2,357,103 2,118,250
$ 51,051,553 63,002,723 94,716,965 77,"08,508 73,830,351
Eggs- 3,074,156 734,441 58,845
Russia... .. . . .gt. bunds. - -
$ 8,515,801 2,067,739 143,187 - -
Sweden. . . . . . .gt. hunds. 105,230 4,102 - - -
$ 299,076 14,230 - - -
Denmark.... .gt. bunds. 2,657,835 1,392,111 1,654,900 1,170.535 1,638,067
$ 9,069,16:: 6,342,128 10,951,066 12,614,560 13,510,431
Netherlands. .gt. bunds. 874,013 84,737 202,177 - 620
$ 3,094,499 404,260 1,050,675 - 5,743

Ii:.- Throughout this table the cwt. is the long cwt. of 112 lb.

FOOD IJ1POR'l'i:) OF 'PIlE U
VI'PEJ) KLy(;nOJI

421

26.
(JuanH(it'!'t Itlltl '"ahH's of
t,It'('f(.tl \nimal and \
rit'u1t ural Food Pr(HI lJ('t

Iml)orh'" In'o HI(' t. 'n it ('(I li.in.rdom h) ('ountrh's ,,11('11('(' iml)()rh'd, durin" the
flU' ('.tI('ndar 1 ('ars 191,)-1919 -('on.

(Values cO!lverted at par of pxcha'lge. El =$4.81)1.)

Imports by Countries. 1915. 1916. UH7. 191 S. 1919.
EU
- l'onduded. -
l.'ran(' '. , . . . .gt. hunds. 36 - - - 6,584
102 - - - 34,383
China.... . . gt. hun(ls. 145, 090 2:
1 , 003 320, :>:m - 272, 5S.

S 34.1,77":. f\

', 714 1. 242,279 - I,GS2,344
Egypt..... . .gt. humls. I, 42S, 409 I,SS9,94i 1, (;02, 671 729,
Oi 7,
S, 72S
2, HI;I), 78'i 4. 743, 3:
5 4, 941 , 321 3,4\\0,494 4,S29,2S0
( 'unada J.?;t. hunds. 912,:J26 1. 4:n , 77h f)72,7ß1 3SS,9Sj 1,476,9fi

2, S4:J, 272 ,j, 712, 4:J,) 4,007,I:W 3,24.i,40j 10,854,720
{;'nitf'ù Sta.tf's.gt. hunds. f;27, S96 779,7IG 349,339 3:J7,345 1,40S,60H
S I,SS4,432 2,S77,IS
1 ,
Jli4, fi:m 3,003,8S2 10,731,448
OtllPr ('ountrit'S
t. hun(b, 421,m.'i 58,540 HI. 170 29,743 S2,243
I , 0.'\ 1 , 281 228,324 3HO, OS. I) 147,684 5fi9,
3R
Total . .gt. huntls. 10,
HG,O!6 6,60tt,377 j,922,jO
2,6.'i6,"15 5,61-1,39;)
S '!9.S0 , l
j .!:I , Oi 9 , :t):1 2 I, 660,:I\oì.! 22, "92, O.!5 It, 911'\, IS7
Ba('on-
China. .. . . . . .. . .cwt. 14, 7h
1 21,6
2 6.1, o:n 7S,SIF 258,271
i 245,.')9(, 3
6.4bO 1,
44, 389 :!,948.94
11 , 037, 327

\\..cll'n..... . .('wt. 27,9H'i - - - -
4!J6,4f..1 - - - -
Dl'mllark. . . . . . . ('wt. 2 , ()I):
,

1 l,tHl,tH
I, 1
3, )'=)5 21,4!H 6,ft44
44,427,0.')6 44,2:?7,S4:< 37,S03,
S
1:)23,9.')1 ;J:?O, 241
Xetherlands.. . . ('\\ t. 6,760 171,90
144,116 - -
119.

I 4,.')03..179 4,30::!,2If - -
rnih.d bta.tp8...... .cwt. 3, 5:!!), .=)Hf 4,OO4,4W 3, 4i)7, 0....5 H,645,318 5, M',J, SI.f
8 fì2,Ofi3,79
1'\1, H!f7, fi20 102, ;){)O, 147 31i2, 74.i, 600 253,fi:!.'),7fi9
C..w:ula.... . . . ('\\ t. Sfi4,IR5 I, .
!J4, 114 I, 7n7, OS,::: 1, 71!), 736 2,OH4,24S
S If), 179, 2S'i 3(),:?25,44
54, tI,')6, 901 72, 7H7 , 2f1.
{) I, 88(), 244
Otlwr ('ountrif'
. ("\\ t. lfi,Sïf 2,278
,09b 11 , 09H 28, ;'21
ß :?
l, .')S: 4:3 , :3
t, 11 b, f)()() 441, 303 1,277,7:>H
Total . . . ... .cwt. 6..)
:
,:I;, 7 , ':
.'j, 9.;.; 6,567,;);1 IO..J;:
,.)62 8,2
1,19

8 1".!3, st.., 10: 167 ,:H 1,3,) 201 ,52-t,;):
51 t:
9.
.jì ,O!, :1'')''',1 Ii ,339
Hams-
rnitf'rl
tat<.s.... _. .('\\ t. 1,3fi4,0:?-1 1 , 4!I3, 60{; I, 120, n( 1,419,00" 1,7IS,
G

S 23, 6 j 1 , 48U 31, 9S4, 51H 34,120, J2'i 57,U:!H,814 74, 2S6, ß:W
Canada.. _ . ('\\ t. 11.3,966 60,20: 50,OïO 110,6S3 74,71)2

2,034.
1
1 . 2.')5, :;:
.: 1,5U3,731 4,508,23
3,179,997
(>t h('r ('ountrif's . ('wt. 4f;Q I , 02,j :i, :JGO 25,25:. 20,029

11 ,23'i 24,8()'J 106, 767 908,934 836,565
Total . cwt. 1. ISO, I,)" / 1..')51, S:
6 1, ISO. 16l, 1,5,}I,913 1;1'\1:1,15t

"?ã,ti9i',ã3" 33,
9J'9JI 3:i, '
1, 6
ål 63,JOJ'9S0 1 7S.3U3,19

Lard-
l-nit('d
tat('s...... .('\\ t. 2,Og
.7S1 1 , ,')ljD, '16
'1 1,:J79,4t1h 2,586,18; 1,
33 , 68t
26,761,941 32,961,914 40,278,222 96, 39fi, :W4 77,517,56J
Canada... . . ('wt. 72,573 35,00-1 23,7S4
9,493 79,292

951,385 582,SO\' 654.S78 3,355,411 3,3.=)5,046
Brazil. .cwt. - - to, ow 25,288 38,416

- - 334, ISO 8
l,
69 1,4.i6,652
China.. ....... . . . . . . cwt. 26,mi' 26,176 63,961 :
O. !J4f 158,3,ý!

9,985 359,374 1,661,8.10 977,343 5,887,085
Other eountries. .. .cwt. I:J,045 6,079 22, 9:
5 28,490 68,58:3
$ 141,888 79,764 590,331 898,18(; 2,659,531
Total. . . .. ... .cwt. 2.210,-1361 1,933,S2ì 1,506.19-1 2,i60,-IOI 2, liS,:13D
$
8,I"ã,1991 33,9S3.S60' "3,519,"'61 1 102,ã09,17:I, 90,S75,875
--I 1

XOTE.-For eggs th(' great hundred =120.

422

TRADE A...VD COJ.1I.11IERCE

26.- Quantiti('s and Yalu('s of Seleried Animal and Agricultural Food Products
imported into th(' rnit('d Kingdom
b)' ('ountries whence imported, during the
fhe calendar) ears, 1915-1919-con.

(Values converted at rar of exchange. !:1=$4.86i.)

Imports by Countries. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
\Yheat-
Russia... . . .. . . . . . . . cwt. 796,300 12,500 111 , 406 - -
$ 2,258,858 37,786 484,296 - -
Cnited States...... .cwt. 41,649,000 64,544,100 54,208,300 24,757,610 31,769,300
:3 129,127,768 223,849,595 242,417,300 110,348,133 150,386,881
Chile. . . . . . . . . . cwt. - 116,900 500 - -
$ - 453,135 1,908 - -
Argentina...... . ,cwt. 12,156,000 4,495,700 6,700,600 14,389,400 6,819.100
$ 41,899.567 16,652,332 30,020,296 64,501,816 30,921,175
British India....... .cwt. 13,956,500 5, ßl1, 900 2,744,700 621,400 100
$ 43,047,910 21, 69R, 617 12,361,499 2,882,132 180
Australia. .cwt. 180,300 3, 699, ß20 9,243,700 2,013,700 14,9.=)2,700
:5 458,280 1.),430,253 43,414,244 9,222,610 66,301.968
Canada. . .. . . . . . cwt. 19,735,300 21 , 551 , 000 18,408,300 15.968,700 17,864,gOO
S 61,443,341 74, H)4, 027 82,488,735 70, ,=)6.5, 577 8.C). 212,043
Other countries. . .('wt.
O4.500 38,600 17,500 196,800 36,900
$ 655,904 147,348 77,165 889,767 167,297
Total. .. . .cwt. 8S,66i,90ol 100,070,3
O 91,-13ã,006 57,9-17,610 71,-113,000
$ 278,891,628 350,462,991 tll, 26ã, .1-13 258,tl0,03ã 33
,989,5-11
Barley-
Turkey in
\.
ia.. . . . . c\,v.t. 37,000 96,000 - - -
$ 762,928 240,476 - - -
Tunis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 629, :WO 13,600 - - 290,500
$ 1,508,058 41,488 - - 1,638,169
L"nited States...... .cwt. 5,815,485 9,019,900 5,643,900 4,070,300 10,793,200
$ 13, ô40, 532 28,441,758 27,974.292 21,354,461 57,764,476
Chile.............. .cwt. 450,300 236,800 75,200 - 351,300
$ 1,043,647 860,159 357,685 - 1,904,935
Argentina....... . . . . . cwt. 727,900 443,200 397,000 - 221,500
$ 1,659,426 1,400,924 1,724,401 - 1,090,971
British India....... .cwt. 2,765,800 2,867,800 1,390,700 - 5,100
$ 6,954,399 9,825,664 6,149,622 - 24,625
Cana.da...... . . . . . . .cwt. 704,100 2,841 , 200 1,482,700 952,000 4,830,200
$ 1,718,386 8,040,437 6,818,463 5,036,786 23,525,150
Other countries.... .cwt. 862,800 301,000 149,000 2,900 152,100
$ 2,057,972 917,021 1 619,098 15,344 856,738

Total. ... ... .cwt. 12,291,685 1 15,819, 500 1 9,138,500) 5,0
5 200 16,6-13,"00
$ 29,315,318 50,667,927 43,613,561 26,106,591 86,805,061
Oats-
United States....... cwt. 8,813,200 5,102,100 8,114,700 6,009,400 2,956,421
$ 22,54g,447 13,290,682 36,200,948 30,434,610 14,516,099
Chile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 969,500 929,800 1,206,800 39,200 528,000
$ 2,556,820 2,668,082 5,602,638 154,517 2,7g3,102
Argentina.......... .cwt. 5,807,000 4,446,500 924,600 1,524,270 2,069,700
$ 14,427,219 10,735,059 3,094,178 8,018,607 9, g39, 407
Canada.... . cwt. 386,200 1,764,400 2,21g,500 3,409,700 940,500
$ 1,043,564 4,442,230 10,760,433 17,500,295 4,397,715
Other countries.... .cwt. 294,200 260,700 156,100 216,800
$ 733,840 718,431 589,500 1,076,935
Total. ... ... .cwt. 15,640,100, 12,503,500 12,621,700 1 10,982,570 6,711,121
$ 41,310,890, 31,851, 481 1 56,217,697 56,108.029 32,723,258
I

fUOD 11IPORTS OF TIlE U_YITFD KI.YGÐUJI

1:23

- 6.- Qn.uIHn..,s .uHI ,".d,u's of Sl'It,...t,,'d .\nlmal .uHI .\
rh'ult ural .'00(( Prod ul't!'i
imlUtrh'd into tilt' l nUl'd Kln
dmn. h) ('oun'ries \\ hl'nc,,'lmI)Orted, dnrin
tit...
th.... (..Ü"'IHlar ) ....ars, 191.)-1919 -con.

(Yalucs ('onvcrtcl at rar of c'\':changc. l:1 =$4.8üf.)

Imports by Countries. 1915. HH6. Un7. HHR. 1919.
Peas, whole-
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. IO,4
U 1
, .3:m 11,';00 50,43U 37,';56
S 56, 711 1 "- .
71 9:! , 5 to '
03, 9781 42!},172
I.), _,
Xetherlands....... .cwt. utilI 1,4S,j 950 1 240 6,445
5, ,j67 \},35-1 7,373 5
(nl

,Hm
Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 409, 6 to 4,j
,2101 507, s50, ü'\7:544' 541,140
S 1 "(7 ' 3,
39,()lô' 10,S:!9,0';H' 6,8:?5,ü!J0
,"'U ,HO, 6.177.1176 1
British India.. . . . . . .cwt. 4'ì
t, S60 307, tt7U 44
,07U S!13, :
SOI 12,960
$ I, -173,02.... : 1,124,701 2,643,6
J 7 ,3:
8, X4()1 170,.32H
X ew Zpa.]and.. . . . . . cwt. 77,447. 25,.jü
44,340, is,940: 171,.3S0
$ :?!t4, 677 1 132,s01 1 34
, 45:
1 493, ......')!) t 1,645,31'6
Gnitf'd f:;tatcs...... .C\\ t. 1
,ð36 79,!HO, 101,
70 409,820. S3,2S0
5 111 , 077 , 6t9,520, 1,2i!J,-1S2 5,ð
U,:l501 1, 25:
, 6:39
- \ustrnlia. , . . . .. .cwt. 11,ïOO 7 , :t
o 17,,j60 1 41 '526j t\ 1 , :
:>O
S 45,090 50,024 521, (ì;U! ,j06,8ti8 7n,47:?
China. . . . .. . .. .cwt. 59,320, 8-1, H)o 57, :
60 1:>, :!:!Ol 15,j,HOO

1-- I}')O 321, 22
)' 315,151' S6,242/ 940,û73
11,._ j
Other countries. . . . .c" t H,020 -1, 17
5ti,0:>O 2S,137 42,
SO
$ 27,75 0 23,079 üOI,2S7 310, 4.j
4:n , 088

Total. . .. . . . .c"i.1
Corn-. I
BrazIl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt.
$
United btates...... .C\\ t.
$
\rgentina........ . . .C\\ t.

Canada. . .. . . . . . . . . . cwt.
S

. _\.frica (British). . cwt.
S
Egypt (Briti
h).... .cwt.
S
Inùia (British)..... .cwt.

(Ither Br .Posses
ionscwt.
S
Other countries.... .cwt.
$

Total.... .. .C\\t.

Flour, wheat-
rnited
tatcs...... .cwt.

Australia.......... .cwt.
$
Canada. ........... .cwt.
$
China.......... .. . . .cwt.
$
Japan.............. .cwt.
5
Other countries.... .cwt.
$
Total.. .. '" .cwt.. i
$1

I
1.061,21:1
i.OS
, .
60

1, ü!'.l5, 3011,
3,601,324\
44,152,400
82,9GJ,
lfì
14
,OOO
3
7,5S0
2,173,500
4,2.')2, !I!}-I'
1:> ' 200 t
27,411
Hi), iOU,
1
9,S4:3j
32, IOu
ü6, 712 1
:!!tU, 100 1
613, 195 1
-t'..)
I.:JOO
91,9S8,
SI I
6.740.410 1
25,828,145 1
1,800 I
6, 327 1
3,361,260 1
13.311'
1
H).1,200'
638,326:
214,500' ,
662,354
I
10,"82.170
10,.J.t6,152,

9sl.: tu l
6.:
2.
.0111
- I
34,HII()
I:W,4.')O
6,
Hn ,SHH I
IS,R3:J,
I
1
20,h43,7()()
üO, 7!t.') , 432

2,174,000
5,8.')6, 13:

2, 4'}Q, ()
IO
6, 7
J!t,4.)4
1 , 161, :300
3,174,IS1'
54, -100'
16
,!JtiO
35, 100!
fì5, 14

373,-110
9U3,330 1
3-1.159.210
96,
3;,069
5. 182.049!
21,397,40.')
501,360'
2 .).)- OO

,__I, ul
4,
27, 611
17 .860. 7
01
23,900 1 ,
107,442
2.1, 40'
1
106, fì97
9,960,32,

41,699,590,

I
1.2;5.750
11 ,9;;1 ';;" 1
2n.3,ß1-"
1,306,121 1
10,670, :W0 1
40, fi
3, 2.').)
9,578.:?OO
38, ö:u), 43S1
1, 6:
.), 700\
6,15tJ,572
2,ö7H,OOO
11,760,04:!
6UOI
1, ,j:3....
500 19
, 400:
1, .

-11 872, (j4ï
IU,100 48,700
8ti, 22:
1 265, (j23,
12!J,900, 2,500,
519,380 j 12,483 ,
2ã.OO
.91
14.190.1;;1
99'
11.1
1 1 66,;;6S, H61 1
8 ,401 , 78
17 , fl63, 100 1
49,3S4,J25' 116,!H2,70l
1 ,8.31 ,fìOO; 1,679,100 1
11, 9
!, ööG 1 11,515,
ô4l
3,9<><>,.100' 5,564,100 1
25,.548,915' 37,336,410,
116,5001 929,200
705,219 6,4
3,075'
3.jß,400' 136,900
2,198, 944' 9
0, 6271
17, 000 1 86, GOO,
106,040 517,015 1
1",
39,;82 26.359,600
89,S8t,909 , 173,6ã5,792 ,

I
2.1;ã,2;
ì,
26,256, ;9..
I
1 G3, .')()u
91o\0,7:HI
7 , 9
1 , 277 I
3,') , !J09, 260
3,584,000'
16, !to,), ö:t?
12!}, 200 i
563,S2
,
2, -142, (){)()I
11, 05Q, ü68
=1

1.13
,:
91
12,.i.ïO,MI7

b
', ðl)O
427,G05
871 , 700
3, 3 H\ , ()

13,fìl4,SOO
54, 2.) 1 , S()-!
IS8,fiOO
I,OG2,33.')
1,400,700
6, I!H, 83ü

44, :>00
227,716
350,
00
1,301,176
16.b60.900
66.ìbO,560

10,274,070
72,629,247
1,577,000
11,144,136
5,5û6,100
39,530,936
lfìO,700
1,302,729
31,
00
214,323
72,000
394,283

17.711.070
12ã,215,65-t.

424

TRADE AND COl.fMERCE

26.-Quantities and Values of Selected Animal and Agricultural Food Products
imported into the United Kingdom, by Countries whence imported, during the
five calendar .years, 1915-1919-concluded.
(Values converted at par of exchange. 1:1 = $4.86
.)

Imports by Countries. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Oatmeal-
United States...... .cwt. 176,971 150,083 489,971 633,646 332,763
$ 718,666 661,341 4,174,052 5,059,406 2,553,769
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . cwt. 52,768 183,114 176,961 242,924 219,618
$ 205,490 824,530 1,262,296 1,820,401 1,652,861
Other countries.. . . . cwt. 85 - 359 8,704 4,376
$ 487 - 2,166 60,920 35,064
Total.... ... .cwt. 229,824: 333,197 667,291 885,274 556,757
$ 924,613 1,485,871 5,438,514 6,9-10,727 4,241,69:1
Rolled Oats-
United States...... . cwt. 447,891 309,575 1,468,658 1,826,569 653,383
$ 2,191,825 1,562,370 12,189,180 15,052,562 5,653,612
Canada............ .cwt. 206,733 323,028 107,563 47,344 161,444
$ 1,135,023 1,720,547 762,815 369,711 1,367,937
Other countries.... .cwt. - 193 2,723 5,479 1 , 067
$ - 1,022 26,548 42,427 8,088
Total.... ... .cwt. 654,62-1 1 632,796 1,578,9-14 1,879,392 815,89-1
$ 3,326,8-18' 3,283, 939 i 12,978,5-13 15,461,700 7,029,637
I

27.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products, Exported from the
'(Tnited States to Principal ('ountries for the years ended June 30, 1915-1917,
and the calendar years 1918 and 1919.
[From the U.S. Reports on Foreign Commerce and Navigation.)

June 30. December 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Live Cattle-
Belgium. . . . . . . . . .. NO. - - - - 9,067
$ - - - - 1,759,021
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . .. NO. 186 826 1,476 1,333 13,943
$ 5,420 47,307 88,456 122,623 627,649
France. . . . . . . . . . . .. NO. 2,082 9,901 - - 11,314
$ 416,400 1,722,775 - - 2,179,406
rnited Kingdom... NO. - 815 - - -
$ - 169,016 - - -
Bermuda......... . NO. 1,030 952 842 318 10
$ 114,520 107,585 99,405 41,006 2, 150
Canada. . . . . . . . . . .. NO. 751 4,511 6,382 7,314 11 , 192
$ 48,854 162,515 462,728 567,415 858,621
:M exico. . . . . . . . . . . . . NO. 829 3,990 4,324 7,885 23,923
$ 45,728 104 I 853 231,893 256,116 823,250
Other countries. . . . NO. 606 292 506 430 410
$ 71 , 925 64,217 32,854 95,598 189,424
Total. . . . . . .. NO. 5,484 21,287 13,387 17,280 69,859
$ 702,8-17 2,378,2-18 919,503 1.082,758 6,439,521
Live Hogs-
l:nited Kingdom... NO. 1 9,923 1,909 - -
$ 20 93,489 24,976 - -
Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . NO. 1,961 2,152 10,403 132 3,987
$ 25,552 21,407 164,337 4,062
5,392

B_\ PORT8 OF I'll R Ul\ï1'FD S1'411'F8

425

2ì
- (11I3I1titl('S .Ind ':alm>s of \lIlInal nncl \
rll'IIHural Products E\ltorh>d from tilt'
"IIHed
tat('
to IÞrind.)al ('ollntrit's for tilt' ) (>.ars ('I1....>d Jllne 30, 191.i-1917, and
tbe calendar )pear... 1915 i\lul 1919 -('on.

Junp 30. D('('('m1u'r 31.
Export:-: by ('ountri('
.
191.'). 19111. 1917. 1915. HH9.
Liv(' Hog.:t-Conc1uded.
Cuba.............. NO. 5,662 9,5Oð 9,2ðð, 9,5
3 19,947
$ bO,226 113,996' 146,92'>1 276,475 521,03,)
Other countries... . NO. 175 1 46.5' 326 593 811
$ 7, 269' 9,8:?û' 11,614' 53,192' 77,4S4
ì, ;!t9' , I ,
Total ....... NO. 2"!,UI>\
.,9"!6 IO,:
fJ\oì
1,715
$ 0:1,0.,.
:t
," IS 311 ,S5'
;
33, 729' t.:"\:' , 911
Li ,Fe llorses-
!-'rancc. . . . . . . . . . . . . NO. 130,2!..16 IS7,459 117 ,
4:? - 862
31,,1:)09,51.')1 43,9U5,571 26, U46, tHO' - 2'ð7,516
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . KO. 20, ():
-t I 32 ' 5U!..!1 21. 473 1 811 8
$ 4,906,'>20 1 6,i.>2,.>IJO 5,274,570 174,740 43,000
United Kingdom... NO. U2,737 19,412; 100,110 33,547 US
$ 20,786,446 10, b07 , ü
u I 20,594, t).

7, 134, 2m
10O,fiOO
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . NO. 42, O:iG 82,3111 28 54t.i 13,032 9,84S
S 5,982,H871 11 , 44S, !}:?.> I 4, 763:
to!..!1 1,992,305 1 1,35R,404
)Icxico. . . . . . . . . . . . . NO. 1,205 1 4,6Gl 2,ß5!..!, 74!J 5,438
$ 95,279' 270,
S4 ' 106, U50 , 42, 475 1 271,G42
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1'\0. 8H)1 630 1 1,000 2, 930 I 737
, 112,1011
$ 144,15 7 1 155,910 1 480,652 133,575
Other countries. . .. KO. 1, 613 1 4S1 7,044 101 2,700
-( 'J I .(

$

321,730,

143. 319 1

1,68..,660\

Total. . . . .. .. NO
$

289,3"0 :15 ì ,55:' '!71'\,67 I
6",0'6,.)3" ' 73,5:II,U6 59,525,329
- 15,O5
12,376,
- 3,716,94.5 2,683, 428 i
61,160 6t;, 0631 51,303
11,950,225' 13,359,070 1 10,443,ßS71
172' 922 2 , 4
.1
21,450 lIb, fi(j
1 402,829,
1,052' 2,R38 2,807
135,080' 347.20G 262.283
612 1,6:9 1 2,124
76,9ü8 273, 181 1 350,151
f\!IO 17.151 32,79i
171',000 3 , 4:
.1, 8.)0 6,941,4fiO
1,90:
.2:;:: 32,
4Î
3t.i4,4:?0 I. 709,39:. 6,717,016
6.'), ;
S 111,915 136,f)
!1
12,726, ...3 22, 930 ,:n
27,h09.Sã.j
45,500 48,149 .1{j, 648
lti.1, 9.13 19.1,879 34 I , 863
1,71:-> t,129 2, J6?
16,32,j 35,656 26,072
-17,21:1 ii
.27MI 5
,I'íU
Is2,27

.. -.. 367,935
...) l.a3a

Live )Iules--
France. . . . . . . . . . . .. 1'\0.
S
l!nit('d Kingdom... NO.
S
Canada. . . . . . . . . . .. xo.
S
'Iexico..... . . . . . . .. xo.
$
Cu ba. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1'\0.
S
Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . XI).
i
(Hher countrie
... xo.

Total ......
O.
S

Live I"he('p-
Canada.......... 1'\0.
5
Other countries..... XO.
$

Total. . . . . . .. xo

34, 005 1
51,170
9,S5S,:
29'

661,65IJ
19,691
2,S56,396

12,267
2,474,050
2, 4U7 1 342
46.'3,282 38,518
1,244 1 3,696
130,278 1 503,203
435 2,039
90,670 440.688
876 1,04.5
202,373 206,771
17 ,319 7,122
3,360,6.;3 t,189,lbO
7.512 :!
,620
104,5
O 273,924
450 4,911
16,302 96, 0.10
7 .002 1 3",531
120,8
2 369,9ì-:l

426

TRADE A^
D COJIJIERCE

27.- -Quantities and 'Talues of
lnimal and A
ricultural Products Exportt'd froDl tht'
rnited States to Principal l'ountries for the )'ears ended June 30, 1915-1917, and
the calendar years 1918 and 1919 -con.

Exports by Countries.

June 30.
1915. 1916. 1917.
16,340 40,038 49,792
126,289 122,380 160,098
15,087 68,802 123,830
45, 10 1 100,117 57,660
202,817 331,337 391,380
1,163,892 25,595 200,679
6R6,170 22,667 234,073
4,906,634 1,260,268 722,284
3, 598,7ïô 960,270 710,282
646,714 349,221 273,949
426,543 292,908 223,300
318,483 6,545 308, 102
164,870 4,054 316,698
623,928 880,268 91,000
566,670 697,979 72,800
24,966 - 201,593
19,972 - 302,390
545,997 2,698,426 2,840,163
431,827 1,982,369 2,924,706
465,665 2,445,716 1,217,792
343,331 1,917,414 1,366,275
617,744 517,096 459,696
430,531 3.1li, 629 703,660
14,893,687 18,646,114 9,112,279
8,894,108 13,970,963 10,850,329
151,983 232,588 42,981
109,914 168,939 46,298
315,824 27,944 -
241,014 19, 135 -
2,078,
23 383,379 910,5,:)9
1,2ß8,353 271, 206 1,276,271
.
6, 7ã1,5
2 27 ,.n:
,160 16,381,07;-
18,181,079 20, 663,5a3 19,027,082
11,"26 1-1,613 7,428
329,125 ":12, 288 279,650
413,613 515,301 260,102
396,987 481,OU 350,606
-- ----
103,927 4,550 581,371
82,324 4,191 590, 771
11, 169, 5.:)0 9, 527, ü:12 7, 07.5, 2.54
9, 0.j2, 044 7,764,187 9,205,072
3,772,520 2,5ßO,014 1,533,183
3,022,399 2,113,714 1,758,032
70,000 400 I, 1.1ß, 664
.16, 000 400 1,519,306
15,875.6U .1,70.5,625 7,92:3.706
12.960,647 4,ß99,487 8,237,912
1,023.236 432,618 399,574
821. 943 3,> 1 , 928 462,577

All other animals, includ-
ing fo\vls-
Cuba.......... .... 5
Canada....... " . .. $
:\Iexico............ $
Other countries... $
Total. . .. . . .. $

Barlpv-
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . bush.
$
Denmark. .. . . . . . bush.

France. . , . . , . _ . bush.
S
Canada..... ., . bush.
S
Greece.,........ ... bush.
$
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush.
$
Xetherlands.... . . . bush.
$

orway... . . .. . .. . bush.
$
Hwcden. . . . . . . . . . . . bush.
$
Cnitcd Kingdom. . bush.
$

Iexico.......... . . . bu
h.
$
Australia. .". . . . . . bush.
$ì
Other countries... . bush.
$

TotaL...,.. . bush.
$

Bran and middlings,
total _ . . . . . .. ton. 1
$
Buckwhcat, total.... Lush.
$

Corn-
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . bush
$
Denmark....... . bush
$
France. . . . . . . . . . . bush
$
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bu::-;h
$
Xetherlands.... ... bush
$

weden. . . . . . . . . . bush
$

ITon equals 2,240 lb.

Decpmber 31.

1918. 1919.
76,752 154,223
163,472 207,321
32,834 57,373
15,587 45,785

88,6"5 .{61,702
1,783,545 2,330,882
2,668,357 3,314,343
- 1,419,723
- 1,897,225
2,866,026 16, 626
5,188,815 22,438
498,714 746,921
743,237 967,663
- 465,683
- 726,325
3,190,G83 410,418
5,570,839 410,418
- 6,302,411
- 8,023,947
218,442 115, 035
334,883 179,888
- 368,743
- 492,248
9,775,514 24,783,469
15,241,942 36,761,108
36, 9,5,1} 80,793
51,814 115,081
- -
- -
425,340 571,136
765,490 921,635
18,805,219 37,611,810
30,565,371 53,832,319
7,372 4,517
337,28ã 233,11-1
1,420 186,07:1
3,021 307,:15:1
3,467,151 1,009,969
6,371,356 1, G07, 493
- 334,711
- 602,472
1,369,962 6
2,462,494 27
2, 19G, 321 -
3,951,495 -
46,004 100,168
92,009 167,102
- -
- -

E...\PlJ/fTS OF TIlE UNITFD ST t TES

4:!7

2i.-Cllliint Iht'S and '-ahlt's of \ninlal and \grkultural .-roduds t:\I)orh-d from the
1nHt-d
tah's to .-..indl)al ('ountrit,', for tilt" )t'.ars t'ndt'd Jllnt
:
O, .191.')-1917, .\lut
tlu' (.alt'udar ) ears 191'\ and 1919--con.

I June 30. D<,ccmLer 31.
Exports by Countrics.
1915. 1916. W17. Im8. HH9.
Corn-C'on('lud('d.
l'nitpd Kin
dom .hu:-òh. 2, S.")O, 2.")2 5.H2ï, 12
24. 49:L SI7 I'>, 6.")S. 49:
04H,4H3
, 2,29ï,S7S 4, 4:
S, 1:?6 27, HtiU, .>:
S 2H, 041, 24.1 I ,51'\5, SS()
CUllada... . Lu:--h. 8, 2:
S, I.>fi 6,,'jtiS.407 1,'j,724,
:

13, 22
, n.")4 ti,542,U:!:>
$ 6,1.14,90t 4, OmJ, 4.")9 16, 1.").'\. lit}.> 19, 5:W, 07 I 10, liHO, 5,12

I<,xico......... . .hu:--h. 1,:>S7,4:!0 3, HiS, 9:
4 2, 5:m. t)9
1 2, ï:
I), ï:m 1:
3, S'\Î
S 1,3S\\,90:! 3,m
:J, tO
3, 13:
, S
lfi 5, ï:m, h10 24H,ï4H
Culm.... hu:-òh. 2, 21i7, 30.") 3 , 2:
I , :
2:
2, S 1 !'. 27h 1 .074, O
I!I I , !}fi4 . 540
S I. SOli. UOi 2,5ðï ,501 2, 94S, 100 I , t.:41, 44;) 3, HI, l():

(Hlwr C'ountrip:-ò... . hu:--h. I,
2S, 2.>1
SO,HSI t
2.4.>S 121, :HiS I.>S,n4
I, ,'jH6, 1 If) 7fj
, 1St) 622 , 3:
,'j 2:m, 404 2
2,S.>5
Total ... . hu:h./ 1
,;
6,291 ;f
, 21; ,012 61, nO,
12 ;
9,
99,O!)1 11 , 192, ,;;
;

;
9 ,;1;19,061 30. ;SO.
; ;2.19; .201 69 .269 . ;
'!9 IS. 621.;
S6
COIn n1l'al-
l.nitpd Kingdolll. brl. 111. hi5 06,3'>6 17
, 211 4
O.717 172,223
S .')2.1, I)!):
3n,021 I,02.'),.')7H 5.161,27.') I, 44H. :

m
('amula... . hrl. 1)7,250 li7 , O:
(j lil,472 12S,7.')'\\ 20,SI2
S 24(i, ;-.:2 2;
;J, (i:)fi 2'\\. UI.j I, I i:
, 572 ISi,XO.')
Briti
h \\'p:.;t Indip
hrl. IOH,4ïO 11:J. 172 J .")4, SIi7 70, f):
4 6.>,22.'\
$ 4:
S. 50:
4:
."). S.")S 8.')", H4H mJn. O(}
5:n,OlO
Duteh W<,:--t Indi(':-,. brl. .j:L 118 .1:L :
()() .)- r:-- :
, 700 10, ïSIi
_,). ,).)1
.... 210, :mf) 211,9'\7 I :::j, 472 :W, ;!I
HI ,40.')
Italy. . hrl.
no 6 I 2::0, (i(ìl 2S:
, 228

2.000 :'0 4 2, 4 ::?:
, I'!)fi :! , H2:
, 511
Fran('P...... . hrl. I, 2.,)
- 1, .>li:J 2:::0,
m I. WI
S 5,;H
- 8,233 2,443.5:?2 fI,IXO
Bclgiulll. hrl. 43, OO:J - - 241 , 44:
, HO.2N.')
... 1 :)...., -I9fi - - 2, 37h, 2:t') 7.')
,
,:

pt }If'rJand:-. hrl. 11),72.'\ 3,1
9 :tJO .=)-1, I:!O 2
fI,OHIi

6H,27i 10.71)2 I, 1;
9 521i, 2
:! 1 , fI:
fi. 4 ï:

:'wi tz('rland hrl. - - - 31,
li
145, lili

- - - :
:
2, fj71 I, 4:W, 0:!2
Otll<'r ('ountrip:-. hrl. fi7,:WI
Ij, 970 ....fi,112 3:J7,312 I;
, !I.')}

21i9, 2ï 4 3:
."), Oti4 1:W. 042 3, .5Sk, b!J4 I. .')!I!J, 003
Total. . . h
l.l ";O.50:
19.9;9 ãOS.II:
1.;90,016 1. .W'
. -I:
1
1.923.2U 1.601.2.')S 2. ;51.;I'?J 1S,;61.103 10,9'W,JSi
Dried "rain and malt I

proub, total.. ton t ;.590 1 . 6:
:1 1..)0.) '?1i 1,96U
1;;.9
ì ti .HI) t7,S09 13,39J 1'!5, ðS6
-
(h t I1wal-
X l't hcrland::,. . . lb. 3, :r;-o, 370 II. .124, 81.> 3 , 62:
, k.
I - 40,080,564
S 110. SOS 2!JS,300 116,049 - 2, 382, :
2.j
XOn\3Y. . lh. .'), .')7(L 215 4.700.171 18, 2fi.1, S.H 6, o.
I , 9S 1 R, 700, (i6.,)
$ 217,576 I:W,324 700,986 :J05, 386 41O,4fi7
t"nitcd King(lolll. . lb. 39, 6S.
, 910 28,ß2fj,S49 60, OSfi, 773 2.j.'), 585, 3 10 n, 9,
4, OO!}
S I , 290, 6.>:
007,044 2,711.1R8 14, 6:
0. 040 4,117,92R
Other ('ountrÜ.s.. lh. 19.7n2,475 13,896,912 19, 926, 8ï6 37,5fiO.694 89. 220. 49!J

791 , o:
I 543,954 062,931 2,318,{;54 5,088,662
'I'otal lb. / 6ð,39t,9i9 5t.itS,iti 110,9D3.3H 299.19S.0Iã 220.966.637

2.t10,OGS t,SIo\5,622 ","91,151 17 ,353,OSO 1l.999.3S2
I
Oats-. I w k6,851 8,120,038
BelgIUm........... bUShl 450,366 - -
$ 22H,005 - 68,000 - 6,678,566
France.... . . . . . . . . . bu:-;IL 46,110,971 40,937,766 53,561,600 18,861,125 14,186,235
S 2
, 098, 093 20,077,863 32,25
,.t05 16,077,3:37 11,626,830

1 Ton =2,240 lb.

428

TRADE AJ.lD COAl Jl,fERCE

27.-Quantities and '.alues of Animal and Agricultural Products Exported from..the
Cnited States to Principal Countries for the years ended June 30,1915-1917, ãnd
the calendar years 1918 and 1919-con.

June 30. December 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Oats-concluded.
Switzerland....... .bush. - - - 356,803 2,598,113
$ - - - 331,835 2,042,303
Italy... . .. . . . . . . . . . bush. 13,162,425 27,802,289 11,761,339 7,831,938 1,849,270
$ 7,731,674 13,819,165 7,108,222 6,837,538 1,643,220
Netherlands.. . . . . . bush. 861,531 3,891,481 4,550,437 - 2,819,985
$ 510,536 1,848,038 2,699,830 - 2,318,083
Sweden. ........... bush. 3,340,728 - - - 156,240
$ 2,012,787 - - - 124,000
r ni ted Kingdom... bush. 26,646,722 17,987,407 14,889,314 54,541,721 20,579,701
$ 15,517,608 8,848,888 10,417,599 48,062,866 17,982,037
Canada. ........... bush. 2,809,000 2,663,834 856,859 30,696,141 2,433,463
$ 1,430,763 1,072,101 439,323 23,916,056 1,765,055
Cuba.. . . . . . . . .bush. 871, 764 1,158,890 1,378,842 1,690,332 2,126,272
$ 484,946 586,522 885,728 1,631,598 1,844,482
Other countries... . . bush. 2,551 , 044 1,477,217 1,859,159 484,872 425,162
$ 1,455,552 833,213 1,157,784 464,407 410,718
Total. . . .. . . . . . bush. 96,809,551 95,918,884 88,944,401 114,462,932 55,29",479
$ 57,469,964 47,98.1,790 55,034,981 98,221,637 46,435,294
Mill feed-
United Kingdom. ton 1 1,164 551 13,6!}0 - 3,701
$ 38,744 19,714 674,757 - 310,520
Netherlands. . . . . . ton 1 2,916 2,579 11,440 - 1,187
$ 103,203 97,080 400,844 - 90,436
Sweden.... . . . . . . . . ton 1 9,892 8,075 2,616 - 45
$ 301,331 257,820 88,147 - 4,060
Cuba... .... . . . . . . . . ton 1 2,140 4,833 5,896 6,887 4,232
.. $ 58,393 140,080 236,024 308,248 205,800
Other countries..... ton 1 9,347 9,564 12,470 2,765 2,959
$ 285,377 286,360 293,980 157,9Y4 173,480
Total. .. .. . . . . . ton 1 25,459 25,602 -16,112 9,652 12,12.f
$ 787,0-18 801,054 1,693,752 466,212 784,296
Rye-
Belgium.. ...... .bush. 1 - - 304,2C6 2,736,984
$ 1 - - 683,766 5,056,864
Denmark. ...... . bush. 3,039,658 2,047,562 1,168,437 - 739,993
$ 3,600,675 2,184,698 1,718,728 - 1,388,919
Switzerland..... _.. bush. - - 46,540 467,000 1,276,566
$ - - 97,736 1,060,300 2,300,128
Netherlands.. . . . . . bush. 1,204,257 1,668,750 772,569 - 1,810,605
$ 1,325,419 1,753,234 1,156,940 - 3,266,237
Norway....... . . . . . bush. 5,593,722 8,026,225 7,452,5Y4 690,424 5,054,730
$ 6,564,683 8,475,126 12,444,294 1,385,964 8,944,487
Sweden. ........... bu
h. 1,582,111 1,189,097 37!},101 - -
$ 1,967,842 1,288,827 604,253 . - -
U ni ted Kingdom. . bush. 1,077,742 1,4:34,010 1,293,060 3,702,426 18,068,!}82
$ 1,229,672 1,506,360 2,271,565 7,462,648 35,254,238
Canada.... . . . . . . . . bush. 47,261 139,711 1,129,469 120,615 1,385,498
$ 44,953 137,541 1,605,223 202,176 2,063,613
Italy..... . . . . . . . . . . bush. - - 1,017,8R3 1,756,764 1,183,615
$ - - 1,700,431 3,574,613 661,231
}'rance... . . . . . . . . . . bush. - 26,000 - 336,650 838,063
$ - 27,560 - 693,952 1,658,689
Other countries.... .bush. 136 1,082 362 252, 554 325,514
$ 164 1,153 461 552,199 669,442
Total.. ........ bush. 12,5t-l,8S8 1-1,5:
2,-I37 13,260,015 7 ,6:U,6:
9 32,898,166
$ 1-1,733,409 15,3H,499 21,599,631 15,615,618 61,786,232

ITon=2,240 lb.

FL\PORT::; OF TIlE UiY/TED ST.1 TES

t29

%1.- 'IU:Ultltlt'S
uui Yahu's of .\nlm:11 :nul \
ricu1t ur:aI Prod lIets };,portNI from the
( nltt'd stah's to '-rhu'll)al ('ollntrÏt's for tht' )"t'2Irs t'lul('(1 J une ;
O, 19Li-1917, and
the (.alt'lul:lr ) (':Irs 1915 and 1919-- -con.

E"tports by Countri('s.

Ih e Flour-
Belgium.. . . . . . brl.
!
F.rance............. brl.
!
Xorway.... ....... brl.
!
X etherlanrls.. . . . .. brl.
S
Canada...... . . . ... brl.
S
Italy... .. . . . . . . . . .. brl.
S
'l"nitcd Kin
dom.. brl.
S
Other countries..... brl.
S

Total. . .... . . .. brl.
S

Whpat-
Belgium.. . . . . . . . . . bush
S
Denmark. ......... bU!'lh.
S
Francf'.... . . . . . . . . . bush
S
Germa.ny ... . . . . . . . bu:--h
S
Gibraltar. ... . . . . . . bu:-h
S
Grepce............. bu:-òh.
S
Italy..... . . . . . . . . . . bush
S
,r alta, Gozo, etc. . .buf'h
S
Net herlands.. . . . . . bu
h
$
Xorv. a.y..... .. ... . bU:'ih
S
Portugal. . . .. . . . . . . bu
h
$

pain............. .bush
S
Sweden. ........... bush
S
Switzerland.... . . . _ bush
S
United Kingdom.. bush
S
Canada. ....... ... bush
,$
BraziL........ . . bush
S
Peru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bush
$
.Japan. ... . . . . . . . . . . bush
S
British S. Africa... bush
S

June 30. December 31.
1915. 1916. l!n7. 1918. 1919.
3 - - 438,233 86,946
12 - - 4,462,
m:3 857,679
3X.j 18. S
1l

IO 96,SB7 -
1,
2() 9
.liï 9,614 1 , 02 1, 74 7 -
66,390 52,16S 59,6:J2 40:3, S45 230,072
346,301 287,12:3 438,45S 4,599,370 2, HS,643
S.W 6,002 1 , .j()S 133,310 8.S09
4.300 35,2
1 H,91-1 1,479,421 72,526
6, IH
J 4,167 3,207 46,5m>> 8,02.;
30,037 20,135 19,546 47:3,314 61,111
- - - SO.5:m 15,871
- - -
40.0UO 156,2X6
2:39 4 , 4
:J 1,71S 213.437 826,629
I.HH 24,020 10,967 2,197,273 8,246,
75
6, 069 33,!lPS 6,959 3:1 , :m
89,678
32,321 IS2, 20.=) 37.R48 375,622 '\"1,388

,315 119,619 ;3,91-1 1,llb,O;;} 1,266,03U
it6, 1
2 61G,9H 52.),:
17 15,4 '9,;:
O 12,j2t,.)O

5,320,68.1 2,682,91u 2.ß
'\,044 12, (j:!.q, Ibü 21,4i6,490
6,3H2.0HO 3,342.51U 4,
R7 ,4W 30,107,271 59,9Ul.0
3
2,754,746 1. 6.').=) . :3!>> 1 1,1.')7,321 - -
3,22S,6H 2. OS 1 , 053 2,OSI,712 - -
49,
7
, ()'=)5 21,IW2,81R 16, 2.=):
, 262 6,3"6,134 27,590,71R
66.352.
32 27 ,H!I.
, 643 31, 6!IS, 702 14,675,271 66,552,585
2.652.128 - - - -
2,487,115 - - - -
1,561, 30S 319,(JlJ6 2,4'\0,146 1,475,449 1,570,909
1, 999,49
3;')7,
70 4,3t8,7
3 3.481,796 3,574,010
R, 761\, 54!) 11 , 6'\(j, 6f11 4, R t1 , }.')S - 96,225
12,234,412 15,421,R'\0 9, n05, 21ì
- 230,940
47,122,740 31,441,667 13,746,512 16,337.436 38,264,R83
66,538, 7S.
38,I!Jl,4:?8 26,743,4
8 38,263,712 91,054,928
6"6,036 838,743 1
(), 4:?:3 - -
9f)2,lx!} {)f)2,436 304,6i7 - -
31 , 551 , {)f)2 21,OiO,335 19,127,675 2, 2:
6, 354 1,962,249
42,070,210 26,224,ið7 37,946,0:31 5,770,8(i6 4,848,540
2,504,051 1,83R,3I\O 3. 156,27U 3X3, 144 933
3,246.035 2,212,2:n 6,114,705 91H,336 2,240
859,2:37 1,863,212 600,9ðO 460,OG6 988,427
1,327,505 2,276,493 1,576,600 1,104,149 2,372,223
7,155,971 7,041,608 8.=) 1 ,550 110,550 138,133
9,3B7,102 8,46S,909 1,454,474 258,687 370,000
4,093,0
0 4,786,497 5,3
5,4g0 - -
6,099,807 6,æO,614 9,676.651 - -
5:?0,720 182,613 6,045,799 1,499,548 6,134,334
7"2.408 199.961 12,028,332 3,671,704 15,531,481
().=), 911,501 53,550,376 67,976 120 43,146,5.19 44,818,552
"\0,039,502 67,388,601 139,429,196 100,848,344 107,503,619
19,664,674 6,244,732 4,714,836 26,493,421 1,421.613
19,941,3g8 7,430,824 9,856,529 61,464,108 3,314,818
1,511,361 1,154,715 166 16,500 130
1,597,127 1,384,894 319 39,176 281
1,016,645 1,326,040 246,034 1 -
1,215.315 1,471,371 333,207 2 -
758,517 14,828 - - -
6S2,491 14,087 - - -
1,951,017 389,978 5,058 - 28
2,589,754 454,975 6,887 - 60

.

430

TRADE AJ.lD CO]}IAIERCE

27.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products Exported from the
United States to PrinciIJal Countries for the years ended June 30,1915-1917, and
for the calendar years 1918 and 1919-con.

Exports by Countries.

Wheat-concluded.
Other countries... . .bush.
$

Total.. .... _... bush.
$

"Theat flour-
Belgium.. . . . . . . . .. brl.
$
Denmark. ......... brl.
$
Finhwrl. . ... . . . . . .. brl.
$
Austria-Hungary.. brl.
$
France. . . . . . . . . . ., brl.
$
Germany. . . . . . . .. brl.
$
Gibraltar..... ., .. brl.
$
Greece............ brl.
$
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . ... brl.
$
Netherlands. . . . .. brl.
$
Norway. . .. . . . . . . brl.
$
Sweden. . . . . . . . brl.
$
Switzerland...... brl.
$
"'G nited Kingdom. brl.
$
Bri tish Honduras. brl.
$
Canada. . . . . . . . . .. brl.
$
Central Am. States brl.
$
Mexico. . . . .. . . . . .. brl.
$
Newfoundland and
Labrador. . . . . ., brl.
$
British 'v. Indies. brl.
$
Cuba. . . .. .. . . . . .' brl.
$
French W. Indies.. brl.
$
Hayti. . . . . . . . . . . .. brl.
$
Other \Vest Indies. brl.
$
Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . .. brl.
$
Chile. . . . . . .. .. . .. brl.
$
Venezuela....... ., brl.
$

June 30. December 31.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
3,398,920 3,383,406 384,584 3,755 682, 846
4,338,047 3,629,705 716,658 9,556 1,641,488
259,612,533 173,274,015 14:9,831,427 111,177 , 103 U8,086,470
333,552,226 215,532,681 298,179,705 250,612,978 356,898,296
724,116 98,559 - 1,233,526 867,434
4,ÜOO,767 565,924 - 13,943,165 9,399,923
487,477 286,205 168,405 43,0-14 140,854
2,773,196 1, 717, 925 1,366 495 470,753 1,584,563
35,588 - - - 41,729
165,057 - - - 499,124
168 - - - 263,497
840 - - - 2,985,683
2,149,031 2,886,757 1,429,128 5,015,150 4,718,188
14,222,838 16, 642,73ü 11,958,809 55,447,319 50,374,63
8,240 - - - 42,324
42,841 - - - 467,957
77, 206 152,777 7,359 224,604 1,312,677
439,698 922,102 39,455 2,428,851 14,105,753
359,996 453,387 388,708 48,735 136,023
2,278,168 2,455,490 3,000,200 704,238 1,679,564
111,891 1,074,319 987,686 2,929,005 3,006,825
ü24, 644 6,048,099 7,838,168 34,078,295 32,726,716
1,725,807 219,644 591,182 105,090 1,082,207
10,553,446 1,318,349 4,087,784 1,284,629 12,795,766
967,888 912,743 715, 077 192,08ü 45,715
5,764,735 5,377,349 5,626,941 2,329,363 493,535
114,611 95,043 21,883 49 32,217
6ü6,534 567,761 187,278 586 322, 115
1,173 - 55 577,851 204,270
7,041 - 372 6,349,631 2,291,091
4,156,097 3,145,030 3,015,525 10,013,533 10,440,148
23,6ü8,245 17,532,505 21,947,731 113,037,706 115,699,430
26,345 34,639 24,082 20,023 24, 111
154,981 200,632 195,340 234,755 287,661
110,938 50,424 77, 115 61,045 7,316
592,011 254,717 580,326 621,523 80, 154
482,877 522,857 511,884 39,464 423,165
2,794,193 2,879,138 4,154,649 447,963 4,783,264
198,058 728,143 930,564 65,834 502,477
1,268 228 4,135,632 7,543,254 728,274 5,639,847
104,385 71 , 934 55,039 640 11 , 548
588,902 407,099 377,655 7,700 129,784
363,155 372,159 372,242 111,582 221,346
1,974,368 2,108,267 3,003,576 1,245,682 2,332,141
924,989 1,124,562 1,016,675 541,564 1,408,698
5,379,266 6,468,442 8,661,925 5,894,603 15,648,989
103,095 130,454 129,922 33,425 80, 712
584,128 740,494 1,082,102 393,531 913,801
112,620 221,455 127,458 378 268,243
721,093 1,343,503 1,012,033 4,344 3,240,491
117, 988 127,908 143,858 10,771 108,247
711 , 334 793,449 1,246,137 131,080 1,304,426
707,705 734,726 301,614 596 279,564
3,972,690 4,216,205 2,743,818 4,864 3,384,773
254,953 493,403 79,997 20 200
1,330,875 2,355,715 482,944 238 2,600
154,607 171,758 146,812 530 124,893
886,658 985,466 1,185,658 6,263 1,454,53?

6-

1:.'XPOH'l'8 OP TllP lJ.Y1TED ðT..1TF'S

t31

ì.-Cltlan(ifh's and Yahlt's of \nÏJUiII :nul .\
ri('uH urall
rodu('(s }'\I)orh'd from the
l'nUNI
tah's to l>>rint'ÎI)<t1 ('ountrh's for (Ill' )t':.rs t'ndt'd June 30,191,')-1917, and
for tilt' ('alt'ndar ) t'.lrs 191
:nul 1919 -con.

I June 30. Decemher 31.
r"port:i by Countries.
191.3. 1916. Un7. 1918. HH9.
" hf'at f1our-condudf'll.
Hong Kong. . . . . . . brl. 6
6.978 3.56,
ß3 61, hOO - 1O,5g7
S 2,840,779 1,6
(),227 Jon,756 - 110,902
Japan.. . . . . . . . . . . . hrl. 6S,542 54,47.3 4,OH3 - 2,528
-
S
7g,31.3 26H, ßO
' 3,"),6,")2 - 27,8:;0
PhilipjjinC' I slan(L
. brl. a03,792 :

:),

71 7t;,OS!' 22 54,904
$ 1,ß47,()9S 1 ,
I'..!), fI-t 1 420,4\\0 337 62U,28S
Other ('ountri(.,... brl. (i02, 4
2 61.."), (ì7-t 5JS,53ti 13S, 13:; ()
7,224
3,3:
:;,37-t 3,421,O:?!t 4,112, U:J6 4,b.37,729 8,063,389
Total . , . . brl. t b, I
'! , . fi., '.J. ,J ',!O. .Þft
Þ II ,91.!. iiS
1. i06. ;00 26.H9,Sht
S 91.""6
-..:
I:

; ,:
:
; .
O.i 93,19
,!1J .J 1J . 6.):1 , -1
2 293. l.i
, ; -IS
Eggs-
, 2:;.), tIC )
I 4,35t),IV2 5,4H3,717
C ni ted Kingdom. doz. 7,3H4, 143 15,626,519
S 2,014,()()S 2,20,), Uti l, 461, 4U4 2,652,037 8,2.34,167
Canada. . . doz. 6, lIt), u-..S 7,916,53-1 1O,t)50,6ï
2,959,157 9, 24:J, 677
1 , 3U3, jo.,():) 1,72S,7()0 3,305,017 1,172,IS4 4,317,323
Cuba. . .. . . . .. . doz. 5,2HO,
45
,0-tß,12" 7,4-17,257 1O,04S,002 10, 4ßa, 181
S 1,101,5% 1,61i0'745 2,04.3,344 3,606,957 4, GOi, 1m)
Ot her ('(\untrics... . doz. I,US:?:34
2,17ï,()3:> 2,2ß9,2U7 2,4:
7 ,402 3,456,on3

493,63:; 53U,7UO 757,056 1 ,017 , 036 1,ß33,542
1.'otal .... . . doz. , 20.ìSt.I:!1
6.:

6. 206 2-1 .9
6. -I:! 1 20, 9:
:o" 2ìh .ss, 7S
Þ, 1;0

5.0 3.761 6,I:U.111 7.:i6s.911 S,.J"!S,21-1 tS

12, "!:n
:
Applf's, dried- lb. 5,OUS.i25 1, 16:
,641 2,7:39,091 b\16,
)57
L"nitl'd Kingùom.. 5,74S,42-1
$ 33.
, 9
1 S2,ï47 21:3,9."):3 87,322 75:;,05ð
Dl'llI11ark. . . lb. 17,R20,R4ü 2,316,126 !,41 , 210 HIO, 700 3,:>12,038

1,3H.1,82H 210,046 83,O:?U 31 , 500 6:>7 , 1O

or\vay . . . . . . . . . . . lh. I,H90.

4 .575,274 2
3, f..=)1 1.36,470 2,:?sa, 759

143,772 jO,50
17,727 18,158 400,006
X('therlands. . . . . . lh. 5,200, liS I,R7
,2:>1 tS7,2,6 - 490,:;0:3

4:m, un U ï ,5HO 13,109 - U3,(}68

wC'den... . . . . . . lb. 1O,74
,50-1 6,8:>9,064 1,1-t6,625 1S5 7,30n,782
8 845,041 5S4,186 ","0,161 45 1,296,930
Othf'r countriC's.... lh. 1,8
0,m2 3,4:?6,SIS 5,109,928 1,1.56, ïil 5,359,t)53
S HS, 8:;4 22!
, 147 388,608 174,325 907,658
Total .. ..... . lb. .J2,5
9.169 16.219, tit 10,357,.91 2, '.00, "S3 2",;0.J,359

3,2;0,65'oì 1,30-l,2
" 79;,.J
i 311 ,350 1,109,828
.\pplE.'s, grC'C'n or ripe-- .=)6,52U
Denmark. . . . . . . . . brl. 47,437 11 , 989 2, 201 33,281
i 248,399 2.52,170 54,5U3 19.,804 39J,848

wE.'den. . . . . . . . . . brl. 6, III 8,7
7 3,573 - 34,950
S 26,538 43,940 25,838 - 457,119
X OT\yay . . . . . . . . . . . brl. 20,021 25,323 20, 410 667 147,586
S 79,020 113,128 104,642 7,950 1,697,143
rnited Kingdom. brl. 1,747,396 874,5x7 1,147,412 125,987 1,209,855
S 6,OS5,764 3,296,730 5,491,O
9 837,202 9,557,126
Canaùa. . . . . . . . . . . brl. 318,8-10 301,9S6 314,955 331,453 158,859
S 738,82.5 858,912 948,967 1,467,319 1,121,728
Argentina.. . . . . . . . brl. 49, lï9 44,003 58,453 4,704 15,159
i 261,121 244,4-tg 413,432 43, 159 207,822
Brazil. .. . . . . . . . . . . brl. 26,297 28,4b6 25,2g7 5,573 16,880
S 142,076 157,042 161,177 45,077 206,536
A us tralia. . . . . . . . . . brl. 22,679 34,809 25,343 33 -
S 81,512 149,655 114,611 237 -

432

TRADE AND C01tfMERCE

27.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products EXpoTted from the
United States to Principal Countries for the years ended June 30, 1915-1917, and
for the calendar years 1918 and 1919-con.

Exports by Countries.

.
Apples, green or ripe--con-
eluded.
Other countries. .. br1.
5

Total .......... brl.
$
Berries, total. . . . . . . $

Peaches, dried-
U ni ted Kingdom. 1 b.
$
Canada... . . . . . . .. lb.
$
Other countries... . lb.
$
Total.... .. .. ... lb.
$

Pears-
United Kingdom.. $
Canada. . . . . . . .. . . $
Cuba. .. . . . . . . . . . . $
Brazil. .. . .. .. . . .. . $
Other countries... . $
Total..... . .. .. . $

Hay-
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 1
$
United Kingdom... .ton i
$
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 1
$
Mexico.. . . . . . . . . . . . . ton 1
$
Cuba. . . . . . . .... .. .. ton 1
$
Australia.. . . . . . . . . . . ton 1
$
Philippine Islands.. . ton i
$
Other countries... . . . ton 1
'$

Total... . . . . . . ...ton 1
$

Hides and skins, calf-
Canada. . ... . . .. . . .. lb.
$
Other countries...... lb.
$
Total... . . . . . ... lb.
$

ITon=2, 240 lb.

June 30. December 31.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
113,541 91,820 132,565 109,298 95,797
424,2U 402,746 664,887 714,455 829,960
2,351,501 1,466,321 1,739,997 579,916 1,712,367
8,087,466 5,518,772 7,979,236 3,135,203 1:1,471,282
535,479 639,476 822,977 887,561 1,181,742
6,125,427 4,753,516 1,128,811 2,073,060 1,290,116
325,561 352,446 82,265 238,495 175,611
2,243,758 3,964,349 3,320,917 2,152,058 3,326,675
104,526 166,782 227,844 226,870 581,528
6,095,470 5,021,477 3,737,860 614,480 4,405,543
404,726 374,359 295,511 79,090 802, 734
11,:161,655 13,739,3,12 8,187,588 4,839,598 9,022,334
831,813 893,587 605,620 5:14,455 1,559,873
520,558 139,974 545,916 7,196 234,180
258,902 241,156 432,180 748,676 1,141,222
55,809 84,385 98,349 114,544 191,431
86,861 123,855 126,340 25,857 85,074
70,367 102,362 153,474 32,568 112,764
992,497 691,732 1,356,259 928,841 1,76-1,671
33,294 101,893 41,084 - -
687,161 1,862,352 810,194 - -
11 , 978 9,104 529 1,429 1,001
262,105 203,264 12,080 42,494 40,275
13,893 12,709 4,107 6,381 14,394
191,599 189,809 73,265 183,535 401 , 076
9,410 20,635 26,070 6,859 6,793
134,069 329,176 484,114 185,613 147,068
8,916 10,814 8,611 11,210 6,879
200,752 229,515 183,414 403,193 259,249
12,059 11 , 643 - - -
207,994 216,184 - - -
10,008 4,697 840 360 1,241
177,135 93,592 18,170 11,617 47,004
5,950 6,841 4,288 2, 103 1,834
119,482 143,136 104,599 77,578 68,303
105,508 178,336 85,529 28,342 32,142
1,980,297 3,267,028 1,685,836 904:,030 962,975
1,057,927 1,563,924 1,332,399 2,188,293 4,340,084
245,026 465,919 540,602 851,512 3,086,227
16,602 10,445 41,639 25,000 314,251
3,521 3,718 8,857 15,000 131,398
1,074,529 1,574,369 1,374,038 2,213,293 4,654:,335
248,547 469,637 549,459 866,512 3,217,625

FXPOUTS OF TilE [JJ,VITPD Sr
tTES

33

27.- Quantltlt's and \'altu'
of .\nlmal and \
rlcultural Products "
x1Jorted from the
t 'nltt'tI states to l-rln('(pal ('ollntrl('s for the )'t'ars ended June :
O. 1915-1917, and
for tilt' roilt'ndar ) ears 1915 and 1919.-con.

June 30. Dccember 31.
Exports by Countries. H116. 1918.
1915. 1917. 1!H9.
Hides and skins, cattle-
l'rancc.. . . . . . . . . . . . Ib: 72.'),187 190, .l!H 4sÎ,07U 62,000 3,288,491
S 98,124 42,077 11-1 , :>00 20,300 838,207
Finland. . . . ........lb. - - - - l,8t30,OOO
S - - - - 742,140
Belgium............ lb. 60,000 - - - 1,064,278
S 8,
oo - - - 340.lü7
Italy.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1 h. - - - 51 , O:!O 3
8,fi50
S - - - 30,772 ImJ,635
X cth 'rlands. . . ....lb. 210.910 2R5, 4
1
713,167 - 1.133,017
S 4-1,406 77,271 HIS, 967 - 472,W7
Canada... . 11 . . . lb. 17, 14.'j, 7.iS 10, :!
;3 , ÛHV 4,a76,575 1,599,216 6,5.")9,849
S 3,21)7,9iS 2,278,413 1,307,414 4,H,
19 2,762,697
Japan...... ......lb. I, ,..,-It), 3t}:; 1,74'1.,877 1,3.=)0, 1'1.3 273,361 1, 2:
2, 270
S 326,3Îb 365,056 315,44
lH, 46.") 4:30,461
Oth(,I" countric
... . . lb. 1,147,5
0 7h2,261 4:h, ,526 3.")'1.,.")50 l,52
J, 477
S 23",6
ü . 176, lOb 10:>. 02
111,5U5 534,352
Total. .. . . . .. ... lb. 21.1:
.)";:
13,2
1,190 7 taW, 161
,a3
, 11; 16,995,9:
2
S t,013,172 2,93
,92.) 2,OU.:Lí; GSl,9.)1 6,290,:
-6
II idcs and ::;lJns, horsc,
total.... .. . .. . . . .. lb. '0.>,051
G6, '; ..:
1ì9..70& 51,"71 -167.210
S 6;,;9 3",1'-'1 32, · 00 1:
,
61 1:l5,1;6
H idc8 and
kins, all other-
Canada. . . . ........lb. 1,755,280 1,345,753 707,57b 374,406 824,599
S 256,814 284,916 224, 2:32 Hm, (;20 341,865
Other countries...... lb. 362,587 6.jO,IUH 344,4üS 124,742 I, 9Hl, 365
S 99.393 147,2U2 122,883 45,873 910.299
Total........... lb.
, 11 ; ,b6; J ,996,711 1,0:'2,0"6 199, US 2,
O5,96"
S 356,207 &32,20S :U7,115 '!15,493 1,252,16-1
Hon('y, total......... lb. - - - 11,i)9
,M7 9,075,602
S t"',03
252,48; 736,139 2,223,39(; 1,9..5,091
Hops--
United Kingdom... lb. 13,823,889 19,703,283 823,654 76,424 12,523,6.13
S 3,501,331 3,900,893 101,939 13,014 5,324,596
Canada... . . . .. . . . .. lb. 1,071,601 626,126 801,16
749,50:
2,493,098
5 19
,759 95,250 121,614 151 , 795 1,1-13,269
France.. . . . . . . . . . . .. lb. 7,860 2
,()23 59.20.") 40,000 1,054,067

2,087 6,050 12,861 20,000 444,969
Japan.... . . . . . . . . . . .. lb. 133,692 37,728 2
û, 168 32
, 115 1,416,703
S 30,564 5,320 43.222 86,195 734, 7
6
Other countTie
..... lb. 1,173.401 2,014,658 2,854,687 2,476,310 3,309,983
5 221,279 379,407 494,290 699,594 1,IH4,635
Total......... . lb. 16,210,"U 2"!,,&09,Sll'\ !,
2.,:S;6 3,670,:
5
')0,797,50t
S 3,9"s,O.!O J,S36,9
9 773,926 970,ã98 8,S32,2ã5

leat product

Beef, canned-
France..... . . . . . . . . . lb. 6,439,680 6,508,241 17,û53,357 39,791,R21 1,837,883
S 1,3S6,430 861, U64 4,231,42û 14,031,746 752.282
Italy... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 b. UÛ4,500 1,967,935 187,634 47,675,117 15,405,107
5 149,381 34!t, 299 45,456 18,437,206 6,454,156
United Kingdom.... lb. 64,700,738 38,205,216 40,218,190 51,250,973 13,947,951
:-. 9,927,113 7,546,162 9,U60,653 18,068,783 5,255 462
Austria-Hungary.... lb. - - - - 2,407.790
8 - - - - 881,899

18427-2S

434

TRADE AND CO
I}'fERCE

27.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products Exported from the
Cnited States to Principal Countries for the years ended June 30, 1915-1917, and
for the calendar years 1918 and 1919.-con.

-
June 30. Decem ber 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Beef, canned-con.
Belgium. . .... . . . . .. lb. 28,381 - - 244,848 6,471,198
$ 4,723 - - 116,157 2,712,115
Germany. . . . . . . . . .. lb. 13,292 450 - - 2,128,219
$ 1,898 48 - - 694,053
Netherlands........ lb. 68,446 - - - 2,016,928
$ 10,244 - - - 836,394
Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 704,200 198,617 - 188 5,530,871
$ 115, 308 28,857 - 72 1,545,636
Other countries...... lb. 2,324,028 4,023,306 9,476,944 2,494,216 4,121,380
$ 378,533 652,736 2,708,495 884,046 1,540,967
Total. . . . . .. . . .. lb. 75,243,261 50,803,765 67,536,125 141,457,163 53,867,327
$ 11,973,530 9,439,066 16,946,030 51,498,010 20,672,964
Beef, fresh-
France.. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 99,620,095 49,100,444 38,042,276 47,170,950 -
$ 12,931,138 5,436,020 4,833,959 9,410,674 -
Italy................ lb. 10,472,425 47,887,945 13,066,277 8,877,471 21,375,475
$ 1,270,444 6,340,028 1,569,318 1,715,353 4,621,058
United Kingdom... lb. 54,497,192 117,409,488 125,687,523 446,080,785 73,073,602
$ 6,813,887 15,158,886 17,338,095 96,364,943 17,206,380
Bermuda... . . . . . . . . . lb. 655,701 885,046 1,326,911 929,837 823,486
$ 76,522 102,721 160,193 188,846 171,732
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . .. lb. 545,356 3,192,196 17,771,159 10,390,596 2,621,011
$ 66,528 320,030 2, 171 , 951 1,728,229 481,298
Panama............. lb. 3,706,596 1,504,583 235,034 357,366 51,950
$ 449,753 202,275 45,438 104,207 16,275
Egypt... .. . . .. . .. .. . lb. - 10,653,980 - - -
$ - 1,252,217 - - -
Belgium. .. .. . . .. .. . lb. - - 360,272 105,000 23,469,602
$ - - 45,650 18,387 5,044,664
Germany. . . . . . . . . .. lb. - - - - 31,083,572
$ - - - - 7,499,508
Netherlands. ....... lb. 30,000 - - - 13,708,452
$ 3,950 - - - 3,364,776
Sweden... . . . . . . :. . . lb. - - - - 5,942,657
$ - - - - 1,469,841
Other countries...... lb. 913,569 580,318 687,649 429,524 2,277,192
$ 119,411 73,822 112,667 74,724 405,215
Total. . . .. .. .. . . lb. 170,440,93-1 231,21-1,000 197,177,101 514,3-11,529 17-1,426,999
$ 21,731,633 28,885,999 26,277,271 109,605,363 40,280,747
Beef, pickled and other,
cured-
Belgium............ lb. 1,907,913 4,545,864 19,986,803 26,758,655 9,687,576
$ 191,405 454,584 2,022,259 4,508,276 1,936,658
Denmark... .. . . . . " lb. 853,069 919,994 30,000 - 1,945,120
$ 105,048 109,749 3,600 - 418,157
Germany. . _ . . . . . . .. lb. 378,548 400 - - 2,567,542
$ 46,804 51 - - 483,191
Norway............. lb. 485,790 1,316,434 2,604,065 - 4,312,960
$ 47,206 146, 224 326,267 - 700,256
Netherlands...... .. lb. 2,367,745 95,838 4,986,920 - 2,325,748
$ 245,401 10,617 453,215 - 523,292
United Kingdom.... lb. 10,994,101 12,003,390 7,489,665 3,228,816 5,569,743
$ 1,262,265 1,429,897 1,063,334 755,069 1,317,147
Canada. . . . . . . . .. . . . lb. 1,659,165 5,101,349 9,394,712 2,044,979 1,373,553
$ 156,017 480,680 1,177,374 358,092 176,805
Italy. ....... . .. . . .. . lb. 97,436 498,740 4,800 1,052,426 3,033,172
- $ 11,122 57,675 684 158,514 799,493

E
\PORTS OF' TIlE UNITED STATES

435

21.- 'lmlntltl
s and '.ahu's of \nimal and \
rh'ultural Prodtu.t
E\I)Ort('d fron1 the
'l"nltt"d St:ltt's to Prindlml ("ountrlt.s for tht' ) ('ars t'l)(It'd June :30, 1915-1917, and
for thl" l'alt"lul:lr )t'ars 191
:lIul 1919.---con.

June 30. Decem ber 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Beef, pickled, etc.--con.
Newfoundland
and Labrador... lb. 4,331.261 5,027,163 6,802,524 5,418,221 5,u76,761
$ -l01,791 465,408 834,3.14 !H4,444 1,019,972
British 'V. Indies. lb. 2,111,925 2,241,972 1,6.52,345 944,830 732,386
$ 223,036 226,62.') 210,114 161,648 141,465
British Guiana.... lb. I,072,5
ß I,O!IO,532 I,H6,700 564,6S5 792,750
S 10
,843 104, 102 1:'0,227 100,504 162,661
Dutch Guiana..... lb. 9

,336 938,3G7 749,4!JO 672,200 404,200
$ 103,655 91,749 96,124 133,279 83,203
Other countries.... lb. 4,6
6,bG5 4,334,6:39 3,205,643 3,521,208 4,:383,213
$ 479,887 456,744 390,807 801 , 394 877,571
Total ...... lb. :U,
;-I,;I;
JS, tt",6'.
-S,O.')3,G6j -i., "!06, O.!O 2,ðCH,72t
$ 3,J
f!,ti.O 4,03J., 195 6,7.)
,3.)9 7, 9.
1, 2')0 8,73
,ltl
Beef products-
Oleo oil-
Canada. . . . . ,.. . . lb. 226,228 37,338 475,952 5,409,619 1,377,794
S .28,025 5,233 85, 137 1, 307,061 375,638
Belgium. . . . . . . . lb. 545,0
0 - - - 8,461,473
S 60,994 - - - 2,232,853
France. .. . . . . . . . lb. 3hO, 943 3,872,410 2,199,170 205,44.5 4,589,290
$ 45,86S 4
0, 181 391,141 45,648 1,343,554
Greece.......... lb. 1,328,826 1,135,364 532,219 946,517 3,479,879
$ 146,270 124,117 6
,459 228,809 974,034
Switzerland.... . lb. - 111,165 9,j,R81 182,641 3,4.>4,606
S - 13,340 20,377 48,137 R95,9!)9
Denmark. . . . . . . lb. 13,45!>,913 6,614,373 2,764,093 30,000 8,025,918
S I,ß69,389 790,640 430,716 6,223 2,427,011
Germany. . . . . . . lb. 1,001,252 - - - 2,126,704
S 98,mn - - -
H, 209
:x etherland:). . . . lb. 32,767,906 29,762,451 8. OSI,
95 - 4,811,612
3,6
7,b39 3,558,11'\9 1. 201,37 J - 1,367,792
N'ornay........ . lb. 9,!>54,544 U,062,716 15,907,144 - 8,656,192
S 1,160,460 1,796,5f10 2,745,117 - 2,620,902
S\\ eden... . . . . . . lb. 4,190,022 9.234,361 2,247,5:)3 2,240,OlJO 3,494,255
$ 511,537 1,1
0,544 310,078 500,000 1,113,896
United Kingdom. lb. 14,361,603 30, 6.j7, 569 31,761,124 57,783,111 20,791,549
$ 1,734,445 3,ô
4,779 5,316,644 12,782,449 6,113,654
K e\\ioundland
and Labrador lb. I,U29,540 1,8!16,1!16 1,761,149 2,081, 016 l,8!}O,493
$ 120,474 2
0,463 294,394 520,516 547,878
Other countries. lb. 1,236,0
9 5,261,971 1,
S4 , 029 228,001 4,425.399
$ 127,806 605,039 201, 583 54,476 1,303,920
Total ...... lb. "..,-Ist,9-16 to
,6..,,911 67,110,111 69,106,3';0 i5,5S5,16-1
$ 9,3U,1h
12,469,llã II,06,j,OI9 15,4.93,321 22,0"5,340
Oleomargarine, imitation
butter, total ... lb. 5, 25'
, IS:} 5,"26;
21 5,651,
6; 8,909,10S 22,9:19,589
$ 617,03,j 6!O,!
O 901,659 2,398,90S 6,576,760
Beef tallow-
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 150,659 - - - 5,478,257
$ 8,556 - - - 912,091
France. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,316.453 934,795 1,519,426 2,276,518 10,603,756
S 87,906 92,226 223,263 407,502 1,787,882
K etherlands. . . . . . lb. 1,083,948 320,267 - - 5,606,612
$ 88,489 27,5
5 - - 1,056,305

18427-281

436

TRADE AND COJIMERCE

27.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products Exported from the
United States to Principal Countries for the years ended June 30,1915-1917, and
for the calendar years 1918 and 1919.
con.

June 30. December 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Beef tallow-con.
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,432,652 4,652,446 1,688,719 133,604 46,344
S 105,602 390,588 192,686 23,382 8,510
United Kingdom.. lb. 7,898,548 1,257,370 157,171 23,170 4,663,847
$ 543,013 102,281 17,831 3,885 667,394
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,201,573 875,491 1,223,622 975,143 1,983,768
$ 126,345 58, 112 134,300 158, 711 241,018
Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 747,913 980,880 418,067 - 4,573,884
$ 53,278 78,990 53,203 - 739,932
Other countries ... lb. 5,408,243 7,267,494 10,202,364 814,222 5,997,315
$ 373,256 576,690 1,179,626 152,947 956,980
Total. . . . . . . lb. 20,239,988 16,288,743 15,209,369 4,222,657 38,953,783
$ 1,386,415 1,326,472 1,800,909 745,977 6,370,112
Bacon-
AustriaHungary.. . lb. - - - - 10,368,245
$ - - - - 3,296,885
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . lb. 5,737,181 60,160,749 65,219,598 67,444,015 90,823,427
$ 603,344 6,251,526 8,508,658 18,909,533 28,040,950
Denmark. . . . . . . . . lb. 29,058,099 6,865,217 58,990 - 39,039,883
$ 3,964,743 945,743 8,262 - 11,955,295
France. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 44,712,253 52,501,448 77,035,622 98,496,402 178,431,224
$ 5,766,832 6,442,595 12,062,419 27,131,653 50,462,536
Germany. . . . . . . . . lb. 275,023 - - - 53,449,694
$ 32,040 - - - 17,370,068
Gibraltar. . . . . . . . . lb. 1,145,465 1, 437,721 539,108 - 5,529,931
$ 167,982 203,657 66,910 - 1,725,421
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,629,397 10,532,169 19,378,346 98,079,060 48,128,149
$ 235,00'4 1,435,795 3,514,652 25,678,<N>4 14,899,875
Netherlands. . . . . . lb. 8,284,647 12,846,176 10,625,10J. - 112,028,898
$ .1,199,393 1,632,399 1,503.,376 - 33,836,052
Norway. . . . . .. . . . . lb. 11,518,081 22,386,900 8,296,500 - 26,152,222
$ 1,382,618 3,0,86,960 1,460,095 - 8,200
421
Finland. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 261,648 - - - 13,700,781
$ 30,770 - - - 4,236,090
Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 17,901,742 14,906,277 1,065,440 1,680,601 51,891,124
$ 2,268,027 2,015,978 192,169 345,319 16,286,475
United Kingdom.. lb. 201,042,923 339,341,069 346,758,407 789,253,478 507,184,219
$ 28,388,432 48,740,987 65,192,174 229,883,046 167,505,052
Canada... . . . . . . . . lb. 10,025,242 39,590,591 118,709,847 24,454,474 34,253,197
$ 1,363,621 5,342,490 21,366,115 7,465,376 10,767,992
Cu ba. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 13,360,139 13,543,082 14,914,902 16,101,208 15,956,981
$ 1,616,045 -1,685,946 2,533,943 4,449,579 4,179,328
Other countries... . lb. 1,766,387 5,697,387 4,550,111 9,278,843 3,359,519
$ 307, 278 831,540 814,895 2,105,504 1,150,787
To tal. . . . . . . lb. 3-16,718,227 579,808,786 667,151,972 1,10-1,788,081 1,190,297,49"
$ 47,326,129 78,615,616 117,221,668 315,968,064 373,913,227
Hams and shoulders,
cured-
Belgium. .. . . . . . . . lb. 6,596,068 2,792,605 - 5,853,423 30,054,740
$ 801,837 367,070 - 1,387,335 8,899,197
France. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 609,478 7,897,523 25,863,824 30,336,829 103,201,727
$ 90,237 1,231,501 4,226,651 7,829,576 31,447,698
Netherlands. ... .. lb. 1,689,327 570,235 547 - 8,569,661
$ 278,240 99,846 111 - 2,707,214
United Kingdom.. lb. 179,376,833 251,025,755 217,434,561 470,415,228 338,028,382
$ 25,440,034 35.899,072 40,801,138 127,586,544 109,685,518

E
YPORTS OF TllF UJ.YITFD STATES

437

2;,.-()uantltles and' alues of \nlmal and \
rlculturall-rO(lucts Etported from the
t:lllted states to l-rlllrJpal l'ountrles for the )'ears ended June JO, 1915-1911, and
for the calendar )"ears 191t) and 1919.-con.

E

June 30. December 31.
xports by Countries. 1915. 1916. 1917. ]918. 1919.
s and shoulders,
cured--con.
anada. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,514,602 2,673,658 5,617,090 11,112,784 7,457,307
S 219,257 370,783 1,021,S92 3,098,318 2,191,013
anams.. .. . .. . . . . lb. 623,182 97ü,051 629,807 109,670 270,746
S 107,327 152,8-12 132,332 3-1,8.'>5 103,877
u ba. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 6,Kt2,-125 11,493,46-1 9,SÜ7,826 8,707,061 9,863,103
S 1,127,283 1,875,091 1,880,230 2,512,966 3, 112, 92
.
us tria-Hungary. .. lb. - - - - 1, 9:
5, 86:J
.
$ - - - - 6'>0,879
('nmark. . . . . . . . . lb. 787,224 29,566 - - 5,2S2,356
S 127,567 5,044 - - 1,718,850
('rmany. . . . . . . . . lb. 289,970 - - - 7,626,584
S 38,238 - - - 2,420,958
ibraltar. . . . . . . . . lb. - 13,712 1,354 - 6,01O,4t16
S - 2,074 297 - 2,028,599
aly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lh. 100 27,713 387,277 7,102,044 6j,245,793
S 14 4.150 84.479 2,078,892 20,OöO,683
or,,, ay . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 36,487 370,742 1,359,854 48 4,358,920
S 4,441 52,8G
2.34,010 17 1, 3H2, 235
weden. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,571,160 34,64'> - 603 2,820,714
S 167,322 4,929 - q-'" 940,297
..a I
th('r countries... . lb. 3,ï&!,2j8 4,302,942 5,4f14,441 3,575,351 6, 06!}, 271
S 648,134 737,ï52 1,172,901 1,146,128 2,058,890
Total. .. . . . . lb. ''!(M,.UI.I t I
S'!.2os.(a I .!(j6.6.)tj..)s I .>3.,".! 1:1.0" 1 ';96,795,663
S ".!9,0 19,9;n .10, 'O3.0'!'! 495.-I.OH U.5,671,!Ss 189,12
,S:n
d-
elgium. . . . . . . . . . lb. 5,1:!8,U30 70,132,156 96,761,IS5 116,784,152 155,ö02,228
S 52ö, 764 7,327,075 13,815,450 31,757,ü58 46,33H,651
enmark. . . . . . . . . lb. 72,O,j7,217 2,874,017 841,110 75,000 33,505,333
S 7,907,98,) 293,333 15ü,441 20,000 11,051,160
rance. . . . . , . , . . . . lb. 32,172,876 42,2S2,883 54,867,832 35,841,676 96,296,935
S 3,503,94ü 5,075,237 10,712,463 9,349,535 27,95R,403
ustria-Hungary. . lb. 4,125 - - - 15,184,232
S 435 - - - 5,206,527
inland. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,650 - - - 2,771,503
S 265 - - - 938,594
ibraltar......... lb. 190,000 236,760 115,975 - 3,867,419
S 12,026 28,682 21,545 - 1,179,864
witzerland..... . . lb. - 160, O()() - 12,609,344 32,247,743
S - 21,360 - 3,898,760 10.245,235
ennany. . , . . . . . . lb. 3,878,433 - - - 39,49.1,017
:.> 412,751 - - - 13,990,079
aly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 4,123,209 3,487,719 4,981,846 1,145,112 2,463,197
S 451,326 390,806 1,058,998 273,258 806,057
etherlands. . . , . . lb. 22,245,433 13,281,671 20,446, 110 - 68,596,924
S 2,589,995 1,467,341 2,838,460 - 22,377,490
orway. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 20,599,647 1,473,199 1,888,539 1, 020 1, 257, 190
S 2,091,078 168,656 327,776 275 393,627
weden. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 45,440,296 2,324,407 260, 170 560,295 24,483,937
$ 5,199,928 251,881 38,429 174,098 8,645,694
nited Kingdom.. lb. 189,349,874 192,075,591 178,110,633 309,987,044 219,306,542
S 20,650,513 21,640,498 32,616,184 78,985,740 68,323,623
anada. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 7,721,616 6,330,140 5,375,768 2,478,926 5,090,459
S 887,910 635,024 984,930 669,571 1,454,658
entral American
States.......... . lb. 4.815,652 5,510,876 2,658,120 334,889 227,169
S 563,217 610,323 453,596 95,559 72,605
exico. . . .. . . , . . . . lb. 3,191,515 8,736,712 13,261,559 15,452,095 7,134,448
S 365,024 966,395 2,270,025 4,451,219 2,127 709

Ham

c
p
C

.A

D
G
G
It
K
S
o

Lar
R
D
F
A
F
G
S
G
It
N
N
S
U
C
C

M

.

438

TRADE AND COMMERCE

27.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products Exported from the
United states to Principal Countries for the years ended June 30,1915-1917, and
for the calendar years 1918 and 1919.-con.

i
June 30. I December 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Lard-concluded.
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 45,349,283 53,811,784 48,732,924 46,008,414 44,766,460
S 5,011,657 5,930,069 8,819,512 13,044,755 14,111,770
Ecuador. . .. . .. . . . . lb. 4,196,487 3,716,378 3,842,692 1,339,946 2,407,180
$ 497,505 425,405 686,141 418,727 824,444
Other countries... . lb. 15,145,740 20,577,045 12,525,077 6,200,988 5,997,695
$ 1,765,808 2,402,291 2,208,963 793,996 1,937,259
l.'otal. . . . . . . lb. 475,531,908 427,011,338 4<<,769,510 548,817,901 760,901,6U
$ I 52,410,133 47,631,376 77,008,913 144,933,151 237,983,449
Lard, neutral-
Denmark.... . . . . . lb. 4,214,792 2,078,710 1,022,499 - 5,445,681
S 500,550 238,988 171,136 - 1,781,589
(}ermany......... lb. 312,933 - - - 950,837
$ 44,176 - - - 367,789
Netherlands. . . .. . lb. 9,847,645 9,059,503 2,657,914 - 9,313,883
$ 1,142,321 1,152,883 432,566 - 3,169,227
Norway. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 3,406,738 2,222,742 3,234,094 - 1,653,325
$ 398,340 269,909 594,283 - 541,719
Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,057,203 1,365,257 275,423 - 1,472,806
$ 244,374 169,431 40,935 - 470,401
United Kingdom.. lb. 4,555,070 12,114,029 8,627,547 5,433,851 2,000,07i
$ 503,052 1,419,691 1,615,051 1,364,634 715,891
Other countries... . lb. 1,626,673 7,586,349 1,758,763 873,313 2,120,531
$ 189,508 795,495 314,118 248,146 678,767
Total. . . . . . . lb. 26,021,054 34,426,590 17,576,240 6,307,164 22,957,137
$ 3,022,321 4,046,397 3,168,089 1,612,780 7,725,983
Pork, canned- 257, 104 644,780 1,103,011 2,312,844
France.... . . . . . . . . lb. 1,011,205
$ 41,477 117,700 304,305 632,565 372,424
United Kingdom.. lb. 3,757,086 7,842,565 3,354,628 1,994,851 3,068,054
$ 569,707 1,488,344 1,003,834 787,892 1,461,563
Other countries... . lb. 630,228 1,123,387 1,438,487 959,647 1,712,447
$ 134,744 209,542 337,466 355,935 588,377
Total.. . . . . . lb. 4,644,418 9,610,732 5,896,126 5,267,342 5,791,706
$ 745,928 1,815,586 1,615,695 1,776,392 2,422,364
Pork, fresh- lb. 323,884 2,270,173 919,724 433,301 2,019,460
France. . . . . . . . . . . .
S 37, 182 260,756 120,397 120,541 749,455
United Kingdom.. lb. 2,832,099 26,402,608 23,787,556 9,500,417 1,197,244
$ 330,470 3,237,682 3,649,482 2,412,536 267,000
Canada.. . . . . . . . . . lb. 46,144 32,962,200 24,832,531 1,084,932 21,905,577
$ 4,483 3,824
831 4,944,891 222,969 6,897,596
Other countries.... lb. 706,066 1,370,543 895,804 613,985 1,654,697
$ 101,666 200,139 161,119 151,848 433,506
Total. . . . . . . lb. 3,908,193 63,005,524 50,435,615 11,632,635 26,776,978
$ 473,801 7,523,408 8,875,889 2,907,894 8,347,557
Pork, pickled- lb. 8,261,930 1,550,777 829,354 302,254 605,398
France. . . . . . . . . . . .
$ 864,713 182,973 126,465 76,012 140,585
United Kingdom.. lb. 6,534,240 13,124,077 6,058,672 2,102,744 3,378,871
$ 700,078 1,644,441 929,881 616,636 963,487
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 8,500,049 17,835,273 16,929,411 14,708,735 8,372,796
S 870,937 1,701,324 2,501,890 3,355,902 2,179,707
Newfoundland and lb. 5,244,462 7,070,090 6,262,085 6,303,799 4,833,214
Labrador...... .
$ 549,507 651,794 907,594 1,284,733 1,089,045

E..YPOH7'S OF TIlE UNITPD ST tTES

439

27.-CluanHHt,s &uul Vahlt,s of \nll1l<1I.1nd \
Il"ultur&111-rodu('ts EXI)Orb'd from the
("nltt'd
Haft's to .-rlnl'll)al ('ountrlt.s for thl' ) ears endcd JUlll
30, 1915-1917, &uld
for tile t'ult'lular ) t'ilrs 1915 unit 19l9.-con.

June 30. December 31.
Exports by Countries. 1917.
1915. 1916. 1918. 1919.
Pork, pieklcd-con. 3,929,098 4,410,5-19 3,5-12,lGG 1,887,313
nriti
h West Indies lb. 1,026,405
S 435,529 4ü3,ßO-1 513,271 438,819 261,074
Cuba.. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 3,87-1,892 7,846,918 7,700,421 7,6:J9,439 6,:JüO,984
S 428,050 3
,'), m.m 1,1-1:J,958 1,893,101 1,702,245
Briti:;h Guiana.... lb. 1,215,ü:Jl 877,977 1,0
3,300 1,0-10,430 205,700
S 127,485 U I, 80ü 164,997 237,410 46,324
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . lb. - 1,014,309 lô:J,121 25,295 1,496,050
S - 101,428 23,878 5,439 337,78ü

orvray . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 174,300 824,624 32-1, :J:J6 200 3,193,U5:J
S 18,2U7 91,6S6 49,485 50 816,452
1\ eth('rlands. . . . . . lb. 1,428,27ü 38,2S8 - - 1,345,353
S I:JU,w7 4,200 - - 271,052
Oth('r countries.... lb. 6, 1
12, 676 8,867 ,
:n 4,099,635 2, 6-11, 451 3,OU:J,149
S 7;'7,054 930,401 577,
7 626,915 824,761
Total. . . . . . . lb. 1."),65:;,57-1 6.1, 160, '; -t:I J6,992,721 J6,671,660 3-1,113,S75
S 1,911,307 6,7.j2,356 6,911,306 8,5.15,017 8,6:12,518
Lard compounds, etc.-
X or,,'ay . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,926,721 1,4S2,221 1,360,2
j - 2,703,92R
S 180,870 151,929 24-1 , Ot.iU - 728,050
'C"nitcd Kingdom.. lb. 26,357,467 18,4S6,477 13,507,936 4,3-15,867 62,739,201
S 2,296,659 1, 811, 903 1, H47 , mm 99;',934 15, 79,), 06'>
Cuba... .. . . ..... . lb. 19,046,472 11, R
lj, 200 14,164,676 8,608,42:J 8,611,137
S 1,540,0
j 1,141,470 2,203,477 2,054,4W 2,333,35S
Pa.nama. . ... .. . . . . lb. 1,440,669 2,203,4!1.) 2,1!10,320 353,087 414,IH7
S 119,9:J3 218,141 304,051 84,090 112, 6:
0
Hayti. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,215,40S 1,811,814 1,4!)8,H65 223,780 1,60:3,608
S 121,542 20
,R4S 246,101 59, 773 432,763
Philippine Islands lb. 2,42:J,734 1,5
3,8\\O 375,925 2.')7,099 247,033
S 221,503 151,177 60,326 68,975 RI,380
!\[c"tico. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 3,772,943 4,5!17,585 6,81:;''3, 4
7 6,886,8sR 4,620,050
S 318,4."9 417,006 1,011,201 1,654,381 1,
30,234
Belgium......... . lb. 298,945 - 5,809,610 14,379,164 22,6-14,891
S 27,963 - 723,877 3,347,502 5,300,526
Gibraltar.... . ..., lb. 49, ij(JO 8,400 2,810 - 9,319,915
S 4,439 1,246 408 - 2,318,564
British West Indies lb. 3,556,351 3,3,"0,556 3,863,594 2,1')7,574 2,727,296
S 314,655 326,3s8 5,58, 138 536,632 708,582
Other countries... . lb. 9,8t12,814 7,393,ß.S3 6,721,8s5 6,735,528 9,331,694
S 899,594 719,326 970,207 1,456,780 2,576,733
Total. . . . . . . lb. ti9,9
0,611 5
,
H3,311 ';6,359,-193 J3,917,410 12-1,962,950
S 6,O15,75
5,U7,t3! 8,269,8U 10,258,536 31,605,
5
Mutton-
United Kingdom.. lb. 898,235 2,109,031 177,443 87,744 24,122
$ 96,042 2:J9,993 25,739 22,967 8,697
Canada.. . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,545,320 2,925,052 2,4-19,4[17 1,368,4[17 2,594,402
S 298,713 366,739 351,293 319,568 529,050
Other countries.. . . . lb. 433,858 518,835 568,636 174,574 390,640
S 53,466 70, 150 104,494 44,597 94,920
Total. . . . . . . . lb. 3,877 ,"'3 5,552,91
3,195,516. 1,630,815 3,009,16J
S JJ8,221 696,
82 481,526 387,132 632,667
Poultry and game-
United Kingdom... S 1,055,764 1,381,590 1,134,206 790,091 4,328,896
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . S 33,391 41,152 73,097 19,589 47,914
Other countries.. . .. S 98,616 138,656 120,045 125,368 183,468
Total. . . . . . . . S 1,187,771 1,561,398 1,321,3J8 935,OJ8 1 4,560,278

. .

440

TRADE AND COPrIMERCE

27.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products Exported from the
United states to Principal Countries for the years ended June 30, 1915-1917,
and for the calendar years 1918 and 1919.-con.

June 30. December 31-
Exports by Countries. 1917."
1915. 1916. 1918. 1919.
Sausages, canned- 1,989,735
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 345,848 622,725 86,272 1,409,553
$ 83,332 445,207 155,943 26,044
646, 912
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 1,951,409 - 44,213 200
$ - 383,090 - 14,131 110
United Kingdom... lb. 60,617 178,713 1,516,008 2,666,046 2,267,506
$ 9,000 24,430 358,971 719,574 740,076
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 835,583 2,085,218 3,052,056 2,419,947 2,437,961
$ 122,284 317,924 549,803 686,926 662,910
Other countries.. . . . lb. 579,910 1,618,010 1,104,161 1,133,124 2,083,116
$ 93, 110 99,215 251,603 370,524 711,936
Total. . . . . . . . lb. 1,821,958 6,823,085 6,294,950 6,349,602 8,198,336
$ 397,726 1,269,866 1,316,320 1,817,199 2,761,944
Sausage, all other- 7,540
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . lb. - - - 1,784,024
$ 905 - - - 737,628
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,023,239 4,540,163 5,785,905 3,619,171 7,744,982
$ 339,721 1,035,512 1,685,424 1,324,069 3,468,765
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 434,098 451,214 589,115 240,867 332,856
$ 95,235 95,879 145,835 87,707 133,052
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,350,921 2,074,014 984,724 1,466,584 1,219,154
$ 208,326 335,394 210,430 491,042 475,983
Other countries.. . .. lb. 1,367,727 1,524,845 1,774,727 702,732 2,808,219
$ 201,474 265,446 399,821 222,555 1,096,422
Total. . . . . . . . lb. ó,183,ó25 8,ó9D,236 9,13-1,471 6,029,354 13,8
9,28ó
$ 845,661 1,732,231 2,4-11,510 2,125,373 5,911,850
Sausage casings- lb. 14,873
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1,177,174
$ 1,556 - - - 213,800
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 142,233 149,763 340,067 847,724 1,262,494
$ 41, 966 51,260 190,317 572,294 450,205
Switzerland...... . . lb. 14,796 18,989 - 85,704 630,394
$ 1,933 5,332 - 79,023 203,894
Denmark......... . lb. 8,972,528 1,236,063 14,960 - 2,1
5,758
$ 1,557,320 233,394 2,992 - 257,983
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,376,028 1,158,827 1,993,491 288,503 1,503,512
$ 297,144 240,301 557,465 121,226 505,763
Germany. . . . . . . . . . lb. 580,531 - - - 4,484,173
$ 77, 718 - - - 500, 125
Netherlands...... . lb. 4,868,000 1,747,011 2,695 - 5,641,052
$ 558,719 271,118 1,291 - 659,067
Spain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,807,159 1,941,600 1,605,435 704,830 2,410,091
$ 222,198 234,577 249,818 284,929 452,898
Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 7,822,402 2,342,442 27,500 - 912,238
$ 1,081,689 395,488 4,745 - 93,059
United Kingdom... lb. 2,549,180 1,211,261 590,871 1,040,290 3,396,378
$ 494,836 1,038,442 194,768 945,714 2,821,196
Australia. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 723,506 842,472 812,098 605,593 314,820
$ 171,475 208,435 311,170 373,456 267,091
New Zealand...... lb. 265,925 293,262 279,388 186,783 141,889
S 60,112 78,677 119,898 124,092 135,481

EXPORTS OF TIlE Ul'fITED STATES

441

"7.- Quantities and' alul's of .\nlmal and \J:rl('ultural I>>rodurts t;xIJOr{('d from the
1. "nih'd
tah's to l>>rincilJal l'ountrit.
for the )"cars ended Junc 30, 19tJ-HH1,
and for the calendar ).ears 1915 and 1919 -con.

June 30. Decem ber 31.
Exports by Countries. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918.
1919.
Sausage ca.sings
-conclu,f cd.
Other countries.. . . . lb. 1,681,390 1 767,203 451,55.3 277,&94 407,055
S 293,149, 110,657 109,49.3 110,946 243,273
. I
Tof .,.. . . . . . . . lb. JO,
t".551 U,;OS,
93 6,111'S.OG0 1 . 4,().S ,.
91 "5, -1.1 ,02S
S 4,t!.i9 .
Iã I 2,S67 ,6,"\1 I 1,711 9;)9 2,611 6
0' 6,S09,S3J

tearincfrolll a.nimalfats-
Belgium. . . . . . . . . lb. 43,IOð I 21,727 - - 2,111,081
S 2,500 3,476 - - 278,537
Denmark. . . . . . . . . . lb. 27, 285 - 568, 202 - 1,413,474
S 2,462 - 89,614 - 287,6:J4
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 7:>:>,015 427,344 1,549,911 63,791 3,007,986
S 77,573 41,710 215,817 13,893 540,507
X etherlanùs. . . . . . . lb. 1,
04,523 2,h!10,201 77,571 - 3,197,37J
S 175,164 304,16.1 9,6:?
- 612,331
rnited Kingdom... lh. 2,727,5!12 1,7
5,H2
1,755,
09 8ß6,448 3,907,
95
S 249,811 196, 2a9 1
-I
, 19
173,04S 810, G!a
Canaùa. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 3,06),000 1, 6:{S, 24-1 2, 349,O:?1 2,917,406 1,020,773
S 277,935 W4,345 1 317,,js:! 542,470 209,825
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 4

,21S 1,5')3,678' 1,639,6
4 1,766,199 1,213,86,1)
S 48,6\ 1 7 1 178,:J50' 241,110 380,005 254,002
Other countries. .. . lb. 2,533,166 4,
05, l:n 4,996,059 4,936,397 4,982,277
S 249,523 573,378 6
2,3\"0 1,181,744 1,177,621
Total...... lb. 11,-151,90 ! U,Ofj
,
&7, J2,9;16,35. 10,550,241
O.
a', 72'-
S I,O....3,6ti5 1,:161,661 1,
9
,3n 2,291,160 4, la, 151
All other meat pro-
ducts, canned-
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . S 16,341 6,5S:! - 17,265 578,720
}'rnnce. . . . . . . . . . . S 20,160. 214,80j 691, 43
1,531,396 1,944,271
Italy. . .. .. . . __ . S 1,012,509 1,101,9:!8 58,370 2,943,356 1,118,294
United Kingdom... S 650, 2:30 929, 183 2,531,862 3,557,096 7,729,010
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . S 95,702 98,6ï7 399,203 112, 137 187,920
Other countries..... S 397,522 492,
33 639,779 w7,887 1,392,454
Total. . . . . . . . S 2, 192, J61' 2,
35,OOã 4,320,6ã2 1 8,
t9,9!Jb 12,950,669
All other meat products-
}t'rnnce. . . . . . . . . . . . . S 309,868 195,668 197,287 1,432,273 1,598,498
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S 172,267 311,235 35,081 313,274 1,410,235
Unit-ed Kingdom... S 1,164,466 3,171,417 2,124,183 3,455,205 4,104,343
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . S 108,005 194,357 702,151 388,410 526,817
Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . S 87,076 149,570 74, 188 60,707 126,500
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . S 200 352,928 - 10,166 385,749
l}enmark.......... S 17,794 110,047 7,365 - 221,668
Gf'rmany. . . . . . . . . . S 3,500 - - - 218,764
Gibraltar.. . . . . . . . . S 16,223 42,104 51, 306 - 399,903
:K etherlands. . . . . . . S 114,342 11 6,159 - 424,472
Sweden.... . .. .. .. . S 12,992 13,264 - - 981,141
Other countries... .. S 406,109 543,261 762,852 1,283,657 1,244,522
Total. . . . . . . . S 2,412,842 5,083,862 3,960,512 6,913,692, 11,642,612

442

TRADE AND COIJIMERCE

2'i.-Quantities of Values of Animal and Agricultural Products Exported from the
United states to Principal Countries for the years end.ed June 30,1915-1917,
and for the calendar years 1918-1919.-con.

June 30. December 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Butter- ,
United Kingdom.. lb. 3,336,425 5,433,282 20,839,583 22,250,115 21,817,613
$ 747,531 1,441,094 6,705,608 9,105,373 10,682,229
Bermuda. . . .. . . . . . . lb. 87,872 262,046 325,829 144,626 52,693
$ 25,377 80,619 112,602 60,259 27,543
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,642,954 2,013,392 1,323,653 12,518 274,893
$ 641,108 503,696 425,314 5,110 160,802
Panama. .. . ... . . . . . lb. 559,809 621,527 573,580 422,334 471,812
$ 172,090 185,612 214,683 216,156 284,589
Hayti. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 293,981 426,200 443,430 423,530 364,410
$ 56,719 81,815 105,660 140,308 153,737
Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 138,066 167,395 558,369 313,615 429,608
$ 37, 068 50,493 208,254 166,501 273,205
Netherlands........ lb. - - - - 481,538
$ - - - - 250,492
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 140 - - 40,000 2,856,293
$ 21 - - 27,800 1,481,416
Denmark... . . . . . . . lb. - 232,905 - - 1,033,096
$ - 59,934 - - 505,546
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 141 88,802 79,948 778,154
$ - 40 39,129 41,070 437,940
Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 62,435 21,000 4,824 1,367,982
$ - 19,819 5,000 2,787 629,119
Australia.. . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,223,269 1,641,080 34,000 - -
$ 335, 871 481,323 9,180 - -
Italy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - - 2,606 57,777 1,075,128
$ - - 1,202 28,481 569, 918
Other countries.... . lb. 1,568,188 2,627,078 2,624,240 2,445,128 3,553,265
$ 376,695 685,660 922,538 1,075,108 2,047,910
Total. . . . . . . lb. 9,850,70J 13,487,481 26,835,092 26,194,415 34,556,J85
$ 2,392,480 3,590,105 8,749,170 10,868,953 17,504,4:16
Cheese-
United Kingdom... lb. 50,532,279 38,077,657 55,399,101 38,967,953 585,823
$ 7,684,586 6,318,598 12,820,197 8,815,236 163,578
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,809,243 2,566,944 6,247,702 247,127 282,958
$ 418,225 413,243 1,303,194 71,310 125,154
Panama....... . . . . . lb. 489,050 445,237 350,837 289,682 173,309
$ 84,961 83,518 79,822 96,679 59,843
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 457,911 1,602,632 1,406,606 3,121,445 2,348,575
$ 83,297 297,495 357,204 964,198 814,423
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 28,684 - - 203,426 1,197,176
$ 4,495 - - 64,133 446,562
Denmark.......... lb. - 10 - - 1,206,852
$ - 2 - - 415,318
France... . . . . . . . . . . lb. - - 4,136 1,847,880 639,407
$ - - 1,018 494,307 306,152
Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 8,415 59,765 45,821 15,195 3,291,655
$ 1,375 10,883 9,513 4,131 1,241,567
Sweden. .. . . . . . . . . . lb. - - 15,484 539 1,406,371
$ - - 3,953 191 586,525
Mexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 76,974 168,389 802,876 858,444 918,521
$ 14,080 31,349 217,070 293,712 344,351
Other countries..... lb. 960,364 1,473,667 1,777,450 2,852,981 2,109,074
$ 172,065 275,001 442,062 931,369 846,104
Total... ...... lb. 55,362,917 44,394,301 66,050,013 48,404,672 14,159,721
$ 8,463,174 7,430,089 15,240,033 11,735,266 5,3J9,571
I

EXPORTS OF TIlE UNITED STA.TES

443

27.- (!uantHIt's and Valut's of \olmal and .\
rlculturall.roducts exported from the
I-'nltl'(1
tah's to Prinl'il"" ('ouotrlcs for the )"ears ended June 30,1915-1917, and
for the cdlendar ) eMS 191
and 1919.-con.

June 30. December 31.
Exports by Countries. 1915. 1916. HH7. 1918.
1919
Milk, conùensed- lb. 124,858 (;52, M}.') 1,318,033 11,340,919
Canaùa. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,578.983
S 10,196 48,40ß 128,942 1,567,b23 661,453
Austria-TIungary.. . lb. - - - - 10,444,819
S - - - - 1,416,445
Germany. . . . . . . . . . lb. 200 - - - 13,068,494
S 19 - - - 1,953,491
Gibral tar. . . . . . . . . . lb. 900 1,351,216 92
1,5R3 9,552,897 39,467,731
S 100 120,
17b 112, 895 1,144,234 5,130,223
I ta1y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 68 1
10 390,788 26,557,402 10,475,590
S 5 44 39,647 4,038,680 1,526,549
Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 700 - lOb 530 8,625,216
S 42 - 12 66 1,068,596
S
eden........... . lb. - 12.150 - l,w4 10,233,562
S - 780 - 249 1,667,264
Switzerland..... . .. lb. 24 - 92,000 91, 945 18,746,372
$ 3 - \ 10, 950 13,2:>3 2,408,537
British India.. ... . . lb. 37,361 1,441,681 7,049,194 34,371,600 10,130,675

2,5
8 101,746 587,150 4,808,363 1,212,213
Sts. Settlements.... lb. 56,045 492,493 5,425,284 5,863,190 6,444,295
S 4,000 46,628 631,972 947,741 908,881
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 3,332,917 4,538,792 25,153,971 45,504,5\.1(; 61,596,636
S 281,763 318,873 1,847,909 6,353,820 9,329,764
Chi
a.. ... . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,496,544 3,079,288 4,495,800 2,369,049 5,555,679
S 210,632 2:J8,041 497,663 393,485 800.445
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,497 4,353,071 30,263,356 40,942,488 114,818,16:>
S 171 315,491 3,580,696 5,075,594 16,903,612
Ketherlands. . . . . . . lb. 2,565,298 2,374,184 12,8.
0,724 - 11,821,267
S Ib6,559 198,725 1,258,169 - 1,853,052
United Kingdom.. lb. 4,037,502 b5,058,739 91,330,504 268,879,340 420,928,450
S 244,982 6,526,087 8,096,387 33,338,459 59,849,249
Panama. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 1,389,399 4,071,203 6,497,772 2,443.751 3.599,564
S 103,860 342,482 698,6:?5 328,054 511,248
l\Iexico. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 767,122 1,499,279 4,526,742 4,142,818 2,946,455
S 62,295 118,658 531,981 606,804 436,636
Cu ba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 8,391,430 27,678,974 30, 723, 7.j8 31,759,473 33,461,993
S 765.408 2,426,046 3,164,657 4,893,6ð9 4,899,391
Hong Kong. . . . . . . . lb. 873,847 2,608,797 5,801,270 4,937,745 2,269,288
S 74,595 222,916 576,708 866,856 333,906
Japan.. . . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 2,738,192 4,749,560 4,221,372 3,735,838 4,123,127
S 318,748 417,827 472,271 634, 137 647,936
Philippine Islands.. lb. 2,531,824 2,587,328 7,729,034 8,039,055 14,085,937
S 192,294 184,778 6
2, 169 1,102,047 1,892,725
Other countries.... . lb. 7,888,889 13,027,480 20,341,938 50,605,464 45,443,116
S 608,382 1,084,448 2,207,838 6,711,543 6,481,721
Total. .. . . . . . lb. 37,235,627 159,577,ti
O 2.
9, lit, 2:n a51,139,751
52,865,1ll
S 3,066,6-12 12,712,952 "!,
,136,611 72,821,897 121,S93,337
Milk, all other, includ-
ing cream, total.... $ 3-13,5
3 52-1,126 253,629 528,607 1,729,884
Oil cake and oil-cake
meal, linseed and
flax seed L-
Canada........... . lb. 545,460 1,325,840 6,384,269 29,597,736 4,897,344
S 8,308 23,035 125,749 768.449 145,992
Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 845,460 1,402,658 8,834,584 30,797,280 -
S 14,796 28,053 177,538 769,258 -

IOil cake and oil-cake meal only in 1918 and 1919.

444

TRADE AND COJ'.lJ'.lERCE

21.-Quantities and Values of Animal and Agricultural Products exported from the
United states to Principal Countries for the years ended June 30,1915-1917, and
for the calendar years 1918 and 1919.-con.

June 30. December 31
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Oil cake and oil-cake
meal, linseed and
flax seed-con. 1
Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 6,306,418 2,101,271 60,500 - 20,249,230
$ 124,309 40,287 1,018 - 559,192
Belgium. . . . . . . . . . . lb. 26,931,718 - - - 80,622,811
$ 414,301 - - - 2,876,246
Denmark.......... lb. 24,522,440 157,552,771 130,434,093 - 46,023,678
$ 426,023 2,915,634 2,352,952 - 1,589,583
France............ . lb. 1,375,773 13,100 4,408,251 - 263,503
$ 20,945 273 93,420 - 5,951
Netherlands...... . lb. 431,248,843 445,707,867 292,984,477 - 104,614,268
$ 7,499,917 8,334,952 5,596,874 - 3,832,858
United Kingdom... lb. 22,829,656 25,532,292 86,400,787 15,422,381 84,678,808
$ 351,591 444,333 1,737,283 423,494 3,087,412
Other countries.. .. . lb. 10,188,666 7,280,397 7,477,433 10,136,985 12,401,841
$ 187,871 148,562 167,676 288,070 405,997
Total. . .. . . . . lb. I rn. 79t,tM 610,916,196 536,984:,394. 85,951,382 353,751,-183
$ 9,018,061 11,935,129 10,252,510 2,219,211 12,503,231
Seed grass-clover- lb.
United Kingdom... 3,121,355 1,984,648 2,168,921 3,324,689 3,564,730
$ 552,928 325,420 390,773 1,019,593 1,576,313
Denmark. . . . . . . . . , lb. 955,389 95,263 534,913 - 2,170,528
$ 128,646 16,017 101,855 - 696,693
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . , lb. 5,598,542 4,801,731 1,918,005 2,223,744 1,734,139
$ 869,481 916,162 361,772 696,605 791,018
Other countries.... . lb. 74,778 234,578 1,265,054 437,093 474,352
$ 12,249 37,345 238, 115 119,926 142,292
Total. . . . . . . . lb. 9,750,06! 7,116,220, 5,886,893 5,983,526 7,943,749
S 1,563,391 1,291,9,U 1,092,515 1,836,124 3,206,316
Seeds, grass-timothy-
Denmark.......... lb. 3,155,180 1,097,165 493,405 348,900 2,019,380
$ 235,982 76,729 42,408 29,549 272,470
Norway. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. - 38,650 - 394,760 1,379,265
$ - 3,106 - 43,240 168,406
United Kingdom... lb. 1,799,463 1,261,112 3,020,241 1,118,961 2,061,849
$ 99,112 87,981 - 194,895 119,732 253,751
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 11,553,700 10,935,730 11,196,094 6,280,498 7,489,175
$ 770,625 847,692 666,328 638,271 892,071
Other countries.... . lb. 824,801 277,600 430,173 421,265 396,689
$ 47,347 22,793 34,189 50,362 46,573
Total. . . . . . .. lb. 17,333,13-1 13,610,257 15,139,913 8,564:,384 13,3-16,358
S 1,153,066 1,038,301 937,820 881,151 1,633,271
Other grass seed&- 853,681 1,159,988
United Kingdom... lb. 1,382,302 890,771 1,856,228
$ 166,667 109,301 128,079 225, 301 299,750
Canada........... . lb. 1,355,794 1,919,804 2,282,433 1,488,335 1,567,318
$ 111,987 192,425 194,148 185,385 207,242
Other countries.... . lb. 1,604,830 839,541 2,223,626 573,087 1,016,944
$ 172,941 100,199 378,874 132,018 210,110
Total.. . . . . . . lb. 4,3"2,9
6 3,613,026 5,fi66,O-l7 2,952,193 4,410,490
$ 451,595 401,925 701,101 512,70! . 717,102

1 Oil cake and oil-cake meal only in 1918 and 1919.

EXPORTS OF TIlE U^
ITBD STATES

445

21.-Clnantlth':o. and '"ahu.s of \III01al and .\,,-Icu.ltu.ral Itrod urts etported from the
t "nlt('d Stah's to Itrlnl'll)al ('ountrles for the )ear ended June 30,1915-1911, and
for the calendar) ears 1915 and 1919. -concluded.

June 30. Deccmb('r 31.
Exports by Countries.
1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Potatot:'s-
Canada.... .. . . . . . . bush. 488,.')87 230,115 574,190 781,574 610,622
S 381,777 160,247 (HO, 648 76fi,915 ö85,550
I>anama..... . . . . . . bush" 164,20
2
O,725 1.14,2()''\ 76,2S7 60,647
S 142. 284 1 2:
:
, 653 2HO,94fi 122,819 119,099
Mexico. . . . . .. . . . . . bush. 6'\,247 104,776 179,731 352,274 315,.323
S 6:
,Ol1 102,788 33.3,423 453,441 470, 143
Cuba....... . . . . .. . bush. 1,878.35
2,3:?4,81\
1,27b,14
2,396,550 2,32.3,OH7
S 1,278,336 2,143.54.3 1.815,705 4,113,R77 4,394,344
Argentina.. . ... .. . . bush. 1l9,21
472, m
3 6,750 2,970 2,200
S 124,022 339, :ml 13,475 5,74U 5,000
Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . bush. 12S,914 lR2,277 6!), 789 10,994 238, 72:J
S 117, 226 I.3S , 9.36 125,329 21, ötk
53,409
Oth{'r countries.. . . bush. 287,942 422,002 .226,125 232,53S 304.510
S 239,075 347,160 322,S53 349, ill)9 547, 658
Total . . . . . . bush. 3,1:1.) ,I;" I,OI
,!GOI 2,IS9,001 3,h.j;
,18; 3,612,:122
S 2,:U.I),731 3, I
)" 10 3,51-1,:179 5,
U,:H9 6,475,20:1
Vegetables, canneù-
}. rance. . . . . . . . . . . . . S 9,2
C 35,031 .11,523 6,324,482 83S,GOO
United Kingdom... $ 662.
S4 1,055.9H:J 1.667,26;) 3, 46:J, 7!t5 5.449,395
Canada... . . . . . . . . . S 342.621 333,6G4 1,214,76() 896,211 1,713,022
Pananla. .. . . . . . . . . . $ 97,413 123,288 228,845 53,R21 ]11,829
Cu ba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S ,
5, 057 211,96C 424,483 217,511 1,024,804
Au:--tralia. ....... . . . S !m,282 120,542 106.353 2.')4,693 107,736
Philippine Islands.. S 127,400 115,40H 100,9R4 174,418 217,û24
Oth('r coun trÏf.s.... . S 483,U03 53:J,817 970,917 1.034,588 I,RH2.381
Tufal........ S 1,
ms,
lu "! , 5.... !I fi
'" 1,7fi.!),13b 12,419,51!1 11,3;)5,391
Vegetable&-
Beans and dried peag-
Belgium........ bu:-õh. 284,343 1
:), 072 346,766 1,521,854 242,796
7.3,
, 027 5111,027 1,418,374 Y,013,2!H 1,309,778
France. . . . . . . .. . . bu
h . 43, 6:J2 .j9, 772 13,7.30 2RO,394 1.055.506
S 115.070 172,277 71,161 1.636,781 5,973,316
Gibraltar........ bush. - 1,329 - 40 Hm, 801
$ - 5,296 - 205 1,126,487
Italy. . .. . . . . . . . . bush. 65 2 - 82,676 1ß6, 393
S 219 6 - 491,195 957,693
Norway. . . . . . . . . bush. 22,40V 80,082 66,787 5,369 86,OR6
S 71,418 275,402 21J8,241 32,643 425,2
O
X etherlands.. . . . bush. 22S,567 782 246,920 - 8,Or8

640,OX7 2,582 1,178,657 - 25,244
L"nitf'd Kingdom bush. 44,212 55,849 331,850 69.277 1,573,241

13ß,h39 185,270 1,509,3!)4 422,317 8,454,529
Canada. . . . . . . . . . bush. 37, 738 292,565 531,972 57,859 ti8,719
3 94,205 914,679 2,926,035 349,910 336,762
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . bush. 274,876 625,628 450,603 534,521 541,758
$ 976,074 2,342,520 2,186,218 3,035.365 2,414.582
Other countries..bush. 278,439 461,302 176,295 169,316 329,218
S 849,587 1,453,13g 839.662 934,027 1,606,577
Total. . . . . bush. 1,2l-1,2S1 1,760,3S3 2,16i,9-!3 2,721,306 4,271,526
$ 3,638,526 ã,9U,19S 10,121,712/ 15,915,73! 22, 630, 2J8

.

446

TRADE AND COMJ'.lERCE

GRAIN STATISTICS.
A description of the arrangements for the storage, inspection,
grading and shipment of Canadian grain has been given in previous
issues of the Year Book (see pp. 454-457 of the edition of 1914).
Tables 28 to 32 give the principal grain statistics for a series of years.
For the year 1919-20 the total storage capacity of the 3,855 grain
elevators in Canada ,vas 231,213,620 bushels, these figures represent-
ing an increase from a total of 523 elevators and warehouses with a
capacity of 18,329,352 bushels in 1900-01. Under the Canada Grain
Act, 1912, the Dominion Government has po,ver itself to erect and
operate terminal grain elevators. Five such elevators are already
in operation, and are situated respectively at Port Arthur (Ont.),
Saskatoon (Sask.), l\looseja\v (Bask.), Calgary (Alberta) and Van-
couver (B.C.).
Table 28 sho,vs, for the crop years 1901 to 1920, the number of
railway stations at "rhich elevat.ors are placed, the number of elevators
and "\varehouses and their total storage capacity, the figures being
given by provinces for the country elevators of the \Vest, and by
description of elevators for the rest of the country. Tables 29 and
30 give statistics of the inspection of grain for the fiscal years 1919,
1920 and 1921, and rrables 31 and 32 of the shipment of grain by
vesf;el and rail for 1919 and 1920.

28.-Number and Storage Capacity of Canadian Grain Elevators in the crop years
1901-1921.

COUNTRY ELEVATORS IN MANITOBA.

Year. Sta- Ele- '\Vare- Capacity. Year. Sta- Ele- Ware- Capacity.
tions. vators. houses. tions. vators. houses.
No. No. No. Bushels. No. No. No. Bushels.
1901. . 167 333 76 10,323,272 1912. 336 705 10 22,410,500
1902. . 180 427 69 12,255,000 1913. 338 698 10 22,253,150
1903. . 216 558 59 16,121,400 1914. 346 689 6 21,690,000
1904. . 234 651 46 19,297,000 1915. 348 678 8 22,045,500
1905. . 247 669 33 19,557,630 1916. 348 682 6 22,113,000
1906. . 271 699 33 20,656,100 1917. 352 672 - 21,250,000
1907. . 275 685 32 20,502,200 1918. 366 690 - 21,825,000
1908. . 282 685 20 21,015,600 1919. 371 702 - 22,926,300
1909. . 300 678 13 20,558,500. 1920. 379 695 - 23,024,500
1910. . 312 696 11 21,624,500 1921. 380 692 - 22,073,600
1911. . 329 707 12 21,813,800

COUNTRY ELEVATORS IN NORTHWEST TERRITORIES.

.
1901. . 50 88 21 2,436,080 1904. 86 261 18 7,917,000
1902. . 60 111 18 3,194,000 1905. 109 298 13 8,934,000
1903. . 66 176 23 5,105,000

COUN'l'RY ELEVATORS IN SASK<\TCHEWAN.
1906. . 113 307 15 8,951,060 1914. 647 1,465 5 42,995,000
1907. . 161 452 10 12,989,500 1915. 653 1,619 5 48,074,500
1908. . 176 508 8 14,666,500 1916. 710 1,782 1 52,943,000
1909. . 254 615 14 17,924,500 1917. 732 1,945 58,625,000
1910. . 330 835 9 24,314,500 1918. 752 2,117 64,384,200
1911. . 374 904 5 26,465,000 1919. 753 2,160 67,331,664
1912. . 430 1,007 5 29,314,000 1920. 753 2,165 68,058,470
1913. . 513 1, 246 6 36,503.000 1921. 767 2,184 68,867,020

GR
tI.Y STAt TISTICS

447

.)8.- - ,"ulnbcr and
toragc ('apa('it) of ('é,n.,dian Grain .E1c\"ators In the crop 1 ears
1
ÞOt-19'!t -con.

COUvrRY ELEYATORS IN ALBERTA.

Year.

Sta- Elo- Waro-
tions. vators. hou
es.
Ko. Ko. No.
27 4
2
49 71 10
59 109 6
72 120 14:
121 229 17
130 249 13
142 279 14
IG8 321 19

1906. .
IH07. .
1908. .
190!'. .
1910. .
1911..
1912. .
1913 .

BllS}wl=--.
1,71.j,500
2,7
5,500
3,RI8,
)OO
4, :
Sf), 400
8,OSO,-WO
8,764,500
9,S63,OOO
11, .jß,j, :)00

HH4.
HH5.
HH6.
IHI7.
H.HS.
HH9
1\)20.
1
)21.

Sta- Ele- Ware- Capacity.
tions. vators. houses.
No. No. No. Bushds.
19.') 397 11 14,793,000
219 449 14 16,OS9,000
24!) .". 11 18,S07,000
J_J
2S5 670 - 23,106,000
:J04 I\OS - 28,833,000
314 R30 - 32,148,000
334 S53 - 33,462,000
:J50 S97 - 35,716,000

Capacity.

Year.

COU
'"TRY ELEYATOH:-\ I
BRITI
ll COLUMBI \.
1907. . 2. 3 320,000 1915. 5 7 1 440,000
InOs. . 4 3 2
76,OOU 1916. 5 6 1 459,OUO
1909. . 3 3 16\ì,OOU HH7. 6 I} 5'27,000
Into. . 6 6 1 441 ,000 191
. 6 10 548,000
1911.. 7 6 2 444,UOU 1919 8 IJ 61:J,000
19U. . 7 6 2 487,00U 19'20. 7 13 561,000
1913. . 6 7 2 5G'2, 000 1921. 7 12 517,000
1914. . 6 7 2 562,000
TOT\LS OF COU1I."'TRY ELE\..\TORS.
1901. . 217 421 97 12,759,352 1912. 915 1,997 31 62,074,500
1902. . 240 53h 87 15,419,000 1913. 1,025 2,272 37 70,1)83,650
1903. . 282 734 82 21,226,400 HH4. 1,194 2,55S 24 80,040,000
1904 .. 320 912 64 27,214,000 1915. 1,225 2,753 28 86,649,000
1905. . 356 967 46 28,491,6:30 1916. 1,312 2,995 19 94,322,000
1906. . 411 1,049 50 31, :J23 , 200 1917. 1,375 3,296 103,508,000
1907. . 487 1,212 52 36,.')!l7,200 tH18. 1,428 3,625 115,600,200
1905. . 521 1,305 36 39,777,000 1919. 1,446 3,705 123,018,964
1909.. 6'29 1,416 41 43,037,400 Ht
O. 1,473 3,7:W 125,105,970
1910. . 769 1,76ö 38 54,460,400 1921. 1,504 3,785 127,173,620
1911. . 840 1,866 32 57 ,4s7 ,300
I'\TERIOR TER\IINAL ELEVATOUS.

1913-14 . 1 1 - 1,000,000 1917-1R' (5) 5 - 11,500,000
1914-15. 3 3 - 8,00U,000 1915-19 1 5 5 - 11,500,000
1915-16. (1) 4 - 1O,5UO,00U 1919-20' 5 5 - 11,500,000
191&-17. (1) 4 - 10,500,000 1920- 21 1 5 5 - 11,500,000

I
TERIOR HOSPIT\L ELEVATORS.

1913-14. (3) 5 - 630,000 1917- 18 1 (4) 5 - 505,000
1914-15. (3) 6 - 805,000 1918-19 5 5 - 460,000
1915-16. (3) 7 - 825,000 1919-20 5 5 - 485,000
1916-17. (3) I 6 - 805,000 1920- 21 1 5 6 - 585,000

BRITISH COLUMBIA TERMINAL AKD PUBLIC ELEVATORS.

1915-16. (1) 2 - 1,266,000 1918-19 (1) 2 - 1,266,000
1916-17. (1) 2 - 1,266,000 1919-20 1 2 - 1,266,000
1917-18. (1) 2 - 1,266,000 1920-21 1 1 - 1,250,000

448

TRADE AJ.lD COAIJ.
IERCE

28.-Number and Storage Capacity of Canadian Grain Elevators in the crop years
1901-1921-concluded.

ONTARIO TERMINAL ELEVATORS.

Year. Sta- Ele- Ware- Capacity. Year. Sta- Ele- Ware- Capacity.
tions. vators. houses. tions. vators. houses.
No. No. No. Bushels. No. No. No. Bushels.
1901. . 2 5 - 5,570,000 1912. 4 15 - 25,700,400
1902. . 3 6 - 7,100,000 1913 1 4 20 - 28,380,000
1903. . 3 6 - 8,580,000 1914 1 4 23 - 41,455,000
1904. . 3 7 - 13,422,000 1915 1 4 25 - 42,180,000
1905. . 3 10 - 17,912,000 1916 1 4 25 - 43,085,000
1906. . 3 9 - 18,580,000 1917 1 4 26 - 45,325,000
1907. . 3 8 - 18,075,000 1918 1 4 29 - 49,370,000
1908. . 3 10 - 17,058,700 1919 1 4 31 - 51,405,000
1909. . 3 10 - 18,852,700 1920 1 4 30 - 52,255,000
1910. . 3 13 - 21,740,700 1921 1 4 30 - 54,685,000
1911. . 4 15 - 25,700,400

ONTARIO MILLING ELEVATORS.

1906. . 1 1 - 550,000 1914. 2 3 - 1,700,000
1907. . 1 1 - 550,000 1915. 2 3 - 1,700,000
1908. . 2 3 - 1,700,000 1916. 2 3 - 1,700,000
1909. . 1 2 - 1,300,000 1917. 2 3 - 1,700,000
1910. . 2 3 - 1,700,000 1918. .2 3 - 1, "700,000
1911. . 2 3 - 1,700,000 1919. 2 3 - 1,800,000
1912. . 2 3 - 1,700,000 1920. 2 4 - 1,8"40,000
1913. . 3 3 - 1,700,000 1921. 2 4 - 1,840,000

ONTARIO COUNTRY ELEVATORS.

1911. . - 1 - 40,000 1917. - 1 - 40,000
1912. . - 1 - 40,000 1918. - 1 - 40,000
1913. . - 1 - 40,000 1919. - 1 - 40,000
1914. . - 1 - 40,000 1920. - - - -
1915. . - 1 - 40,000 1921. - - - -
1916. . - 1 - 40,000

PUBLIC ELEVATORS.
1909. . 14 18 14,826,000 1916. 15 22 29,250,000
1910. . 14 20 - 16,365,000 1917. 16 22 30,700,000
1911. . 17 24 - 20,535,000 1918. 17 24 31,610,000
1912. . 16 21 - 19,135,000 1919. 17 25 31,790,000
1913. . 17 23 - 25,220,900 1920. 17 25 33,805,000
1914. . 16 22 - 29,850,000 1921. 17 24 34,180,000
1915. . 15 22 - 29,250,000
GRAND TOTAL OF CANADIAN ELEVATORS.
1901. . 219 426 97 18,329,352 1912 2 937 2,037 31 108,649,900
1902. . 243 544 87 22,549,000 1913 2 1,049 2,319 37 127,224,550
1903. . 285 740 82 29,806,400 1914 2 1,220 2,613 24 154,765,000
1904. . 323 919 64 40,636,000 1915 2 1,252 2,813 28 168,624,000
1905. . 359 977 46 46,403,630 1916. 1,338 3,059 19 180,988,000
1906. . 415 1,059 50 50, 45:
, 200 1917. 1,402 3,360 - 193,844,000
1907. . 491 1,221 52 55,222,200 1918. 1,461 3,694 - 211,591,200
1908. . 526 1,318 36 58,535,700 1919. 1,480 3,777 - 2
1,279,964
1909 2 . 647 1,446 41 78,016,100 1920. 1,507 3,797 - 226,256,970
1910 2 . 788 1 , 802 38 94,266,100 1921. 1,538 3,855 - 231,213,620
191 J2. 863 1, 909 32 105,462,700
1Jncluding Hospital Elevators. 2lncluding Public Elevators in the Eastern Inspection
Division.
NOTE.-The present average capacity of railways car for the carriage of grain is for
Wheat 1,250, Oats 2,000, Barley 1,400, Flax 1,075 and Rye 1,250 bushels for the crop of 1920.

GH
1 [.Y ST
1 T[STJC'

.1-19

29.- Clnalltitics of Grain In'-'In'('h'd d Ilrlng flU' lis('at ) ('ars t919-t9.!I.

I I
1919. IU20. 1921.
Graù,.:; of Gmin.
}'.ast('rn 'Yp:-.tf'rn Ea:-.tprn \\" pst prn ,.:""tern I WpstPTn
I Division. Divi...;ion. Divi...;ion Division. Di\ i
ion. Di vi:,ion.
Bu:-.h. Bush. Bu:-.h. B\1:-.I1. Bu:-.h. . Bu:-;h.
\\ h('at,
pring-

Ian. 1\0. 1 H:lnl. - i14.000 - lïS.S50 - Ino.ooo

ort Ilt'rn
o. I... HS. r5'J 51. 4

. fiOO - 41. i 17 . :n j - 71. 4
7, !)()O
..
o. 2. 2() 1. 2,\g 21 . :;:
4 . UOO - 2(), 4,'}:! . (i50 - 4:? Wit, 250
.c
I). :t.. 13.000 l!).lS
,O()O - HI. 2:?(). :
i5 - 42.11)2.500
..
o. -I... - 12.1
.).(ìOn - 3. 51)}. iOO - S. 907.500
., "0. .1... - H.-li7,t100 - 1. -liO. 000 - 1.927.500
u
o. 6... - -1.201.200 -

3.G,'}O - 5 .\,'}. oon
r,.(.d. ...... . - 1. O
I.1. 600 - 40t. "00 - 147.500
Hpjpetpd
mutty-

o. 1. - 931,200 - 4f,7,950 - j

", 750
:\0.2. . . . 2-1. Oi
) 2. HU.SOO - - - -
i\ 0 Jl;ra.ù(' . . .11,1'0.;) 4. {H5. 200 - 16.50n.3:!:> - 11.40 1.
.)O
( 'oncl('mnp(l. . ... - 4
, OUO -
4 , :t
:> - 5:
, 750
:\0 p:-.tahli
llt'd
gradp. . . . . - 24,000 - . !IOO - 10.000
( 'UIIlIIH'rcial
gradt's -
'0.1 '\8.604 - 2.000 - 141).30fi 33.750

o. 2. - - 1.200 - 7.'), i
(ì -
,0.4... - - 51. \,'}O - -

o. .). - - - 17.150 - -

o. 6 ., . - - - 7.:
jO - -

o. 1
pring.. - - 70. 15
- 14.121 -
, ') .. - - 107. ml6 - 131i.221 -
0....
:\0.3 " - - 11.-121 - 37.214 -
H.pjed ('I I. - - Ii. .UìO - 6,:m
-
'0 grad(' .. . - X, ')(}O - 3,OnO -
Goo!',. :\0. I.. - - - 9.....00 - -
.. "0. 2 7.ouO 3.11'10 13,'),.tS,'} 1.
2,'} 3.900 -
. .
.. ,0.3
6.7S:! 7, 200 17.nl:
- -I.2Hn -
Rpj('(.tpd .. 30.H-I3 7.0JO - 1.0')0 -
Ih.j('('tl'd. . - 1:1.000 - - .. . .þ..').
I.
O - 3. k:
(). 0('0
'0. 1 Dunnn - 11
. ,nn I I.). H2.1 - .12. .100
"0.2 .. - 57.ß()() -
7.975 - !H). noo

o. 3 ., - 9,600 - 1
,3i5 - 1l
, 7:;1)
Xo.4 .. - - - - - 3,7:>0
r.
. Durum-
_\mh('r Xo.
. - - - - 2, 7
J
, .)
3 -
)Ii"(pd
u. 2. - - - - 3, 9f)'
. Oß:? -
.,
o. 3. - - - HìO,647 -
. .
X o. 4 :-'{>('('ial. - - - 3....."4.-I7,'} - f)
6.2,'}0

o. 5 .. - - - n
i.12ã - 127,500
XI>. 6 'to - - - 21:>.fiOO - 30,000
Xo gradp. 1.0(10 - - - - -
F('('d . . ... . - - - - - -
X 0 ('...t. gr
Hh' - - - - -
Ot1wJ' J!Talle. - - - - -
Total Sprin
I
"heat. . 605.511 r!t. ;-91 ,60 0, 3G
. 121 120,721.:
OU 7,650,312 185,225,000
- '-
"lH'at, Wint('r- I I 1 I
t. .
. Hard Wintel, I
Xo.1. .\ - - 79-1, 614 -
Xo.2..... I 31,536 7-19,760 -
Xo.3.. - - - i9,306 -
"hit(' Wint('r- I 1
:\0. 1. .1 - - 6,3U7 3-1.501 I -
:\0.2. -17. IiI - 3:3. 100 I 4.')2.ß

-
- -')'

o. 3.

6,:)_3 ,

l'i,100

3,
, 9 i .J

1
4
7-2!1

450

TRADE A,-VD COlYlJJlERCE

29.-Quantities of Grain inspected during the fiscal years 1919-1921-con.

1919. 1920. 1921.
Grades of Grain.
Eastern \Vestern Eastern '\Vestern Eastern \Yestern
Division. Division. Division. Division. Division Division.
Bush. . Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush.
"-hite Winter-
con.
Rejected.. .... . 6,400 - 3,000 - It, 258 -
No grade...... . 10,018 1,225 - - 9,461 -
Mixed 'Winter-
No.1.......... . - - 1,100 - 7,497 -
No.2........ 28,727 - 43,000 - 439,624 -
No.3. .. . . . . . . . . 18,000 - 28,416 - 135,006 -
No.4.......... . - - - - 4,635 -
No grade...... . 6,000 - 2,500 - 48,641 -
Rejected.. ., ., . 20,709 - 19,800 - 45,142 -
U.S. No.1.. . . . - - - - 8,115 -
Al berta Red W in-
ter-
No.1......... 1,000 9,725 - 18,375 4,560 83,750
Ko. 2......... 4,114 25,575 13,828 14,700 1R4,098 23,750
No.3......... 1,000 13,100 28,644 3,675 77, 186 2,500
No.4........ - - - - 2,200 -
U.S. No. 1 Red
'''inter........ . . - - - - 249,804 -
U.S. No. 2 Red
'Winter. .. . . . . . . . -
,300 - - 1,104,864 -
Rejected. . . . . 1,000 - 11,000 - 38,794 -
Smutty...... . - - - - - 1 , 250
Nograae..... 2,000 - 2,000 - 4,138 2,500
Al berta 'Vhi te
'Vinter-
No.2........ . - - - 26,950 - -
No.3......... - - - 4,900 - -
I'\ o. 4. . . . . . . . . - - - - - -
Rejected. . . . . - - - - - -
1\0 grade..... - - - 1,225 - -
Commercial
grades- 5,100 14,061
W .'V.. . . .. .. . - - - -
No.1 M.'V... - - 11 , 865 - 2,200 -
No.2 M.W... - - 3,200 - - -
No.1 R.W.. . - - 5,000 - - -
No.2 R.\V... - - 1,200 - 14,554 -
Total "'inter
Wheat.. .. .. .. . 152,662 51,925 268,786 69,825 4,558,630 113,750
Total Spring and
Winter Wheat... 758,203 121,819,525 636,913 120,791,125 12,208,972 185,338,750
Indian Corn-
No.1 American. . - - - - 1,500 -
No.2 American.. 5,570 - 290,872 - 16,222 -
No.3 American. . 111,482 - 171,762 - 184,445 -
Rejected. . . . . . . . . 171,156 - 1,100 - 14,410 -
American, other.. 304, 132 - 8,674 - 56,188 -
Argentine corn.. . . - - - - 42,055 -
Total Corn. . . . 592,340 - 472,408 7,000 314,820 2,000
Oats-
Extra No.1.. . .. . - - - - - -
No.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,600 292,000 - 25,350 - 2,000
No.2........ . . . . . 792,778 5,052,000 94,343 8,796,450 375,315 92,000

ORAl},,'" ST
t TIS TICS

451

9. - (JUëlntiths uf Grain In!'iIJ('('hd dllrln
the fiscal ) ears 1919-t921-concludcd.

B

UH9. 19:!0. 1921.
Grad('s o{ Grain. I ..
Eastl'rn W t"
tl'rn ] :a!--tC'rn W l'
tl'rn Fnstl'rn \Yestprn
Divi
ion. Di, i:-.ion. nivi:-;ion. Division. Di v i:-.ion. Divi
ion .
I -- -
Bu--h. Hush. Hu:-.h. Hu
h. Bu-.;h. nush.
ab-('ol},
Xo.3. . t, in-t. 656 4,4:N,OOO 2Sj, .112 10,315,500 1, 411. 206 1:1,170,000
Xo.4... . . 317,7S-1 - 41. 250 - 2!1-t, OitJ 13,SII\.OOO
t .M. Hpjt'('tpd... . - - - - - -
FeC'd C'xt ra. 1\0. t. - G..HO,OOO - 5,6"2,
WO - 4,,j5Q,OOO
Fee(1
o. 1.... - 7 , 5()
. 000 - 7,174,0,jO - 6,:HO,000
r ('('d X o. 2. . . . - 6. 7
t, 000 - 7,0')2.150 - 6,2()(),onO
HC'jpd('(I. 4:1.1,142 1. 57(ì. ono 137,61R 1. 60 L R50 215.071 1,304,000
;\0 gradC' ... 96.212 3.3:!0.OOO 6,7jO 17,3lit.7.")1) 130,792 lS,912,()()0
( 'ond('mn('d - 116, oro - 25. :.;;.0 - 22, 0:)0
" i \.('( L - 71<;,000 - 1, 2
HL 750 - t, t 7n, O
)Q

J>pltz.... . - - - 1,950 - 2,0
O
v.S. '\0. 2.. - - 6:>,75:> - - -
P.S. Xo. 3. . .. . - - :{2.41ß - - -
fT.B. Xo.3 clippf>rl - - 13,ß32 - - -
Tutal Oah..... 3,":;
, 1;2 3b, t;)I,OOO 677,276 59,3;9.-150 2.-126,-153 6.i, 662,000
uckwhC'at-
:\0. 1. '. . 1,4N) - - - - -
Xo.2. - . . . 2:!2,;.t2 40,770 - 141,014 -
Xo.3. . . .
O,307 - 2..j11 - 7,4.')0 -
:\ 0 graòP. . . . 6.000 - 35.2;ì3 - 1!),17:J -
Heje('ted. . . 1O.j,71:> - -t
, S,") 1 - ';,631 -
-
Total. . . . 3,).1. !Utl - t.!1,39.. %.000 173,2G
-
'1 rl ey-

o. 1. . . 1,54:) - 1,2.')0 - - -
:\0. 2... - . 11'1'>, O
fj - 214, 19
- 1,250 -
). o. 3, pxtra.. . 6fi
.3"4 10,4.00 6"",87:>
5,ßjO 145,531 !)!',400
:\0.3...... . 5j
,442 3,ßl6,ß \0 41-1,802 5,43\,300 35
,3()f) 5,0
r.,OOO
:\0.4....... 62,033 2,77f),SO) :)5, 3
)9 3,80fl,700 110,3
0 3,014,000
Fecd. . . . . . . - 61j(),403 - \,ß72,CI:;O - 1,313,200
Hcjected . . 72,575 Ð:
2, 70(1 31 If;6 1, 1 t)ü , 400 86,557 1,02.1,000
::\0 grade.... 11 , 400 1,42ð,700 3,ROO 3,518,100 - 3.0S5,r.OO
Condpmned. . . . . - - - - - 9. ROO
Smuttv......... . - - - - - 8,400
L .S. K o. 1. . . . - 171,000 - - 91,430 -
u.S. 1\0.3. . . - - - - 49.999 -
Total.. . . . . . . . . . 1,,")00,16'4 9,596,680 1,109,7S,) 15,613,
OO
-13,.f,j6 13,66';,106
ye, all grades.... . 195,750 1,020,000 414,510 2,172,350 1,387,493 2,967,500
.S. Rye........... - - 677. ð92 - 4,572,841 -
laxseed-
Xo.l1\.\\.C..... 14,086 2,295,200 - 1, SOl, 000 - 3,146,525
1\0. 1
I..... . . . . . - - - - - -
1\0.2 C.\V........ - 505,600 - 295,000 - 712,725
1\0.3 C.,'"........ 231 174,700 - 83,000 - 522,450
Nograde......... - 57,400 - 124,000 - 232,200
Rcjected. . . . . . . . . 34 41 ,000 - 32,000 - 422,475
Condemned. . . . . . - 2,000 - - - -
Total.......... _ U,351 3,075,900 - 2,335,000 - 5,036,375
Peas, all grades..... 11, 72J - 29,888 - 3.000 -
Screenings. . . . . . . . . . - - - 669,000 - 455,000

R
U
F

o

B

18427-291

,

452

TRADE AND C011fJ.'IERCE

30.-Quantities of Grain Inspected during the fiscal )'ears ended l\larch. 31,
1914-1921.

Grain.

Eastprn Division. '''estern Grand
Division. Total.
Kingston. Peterboro Toronto. Montreal. Total.
---
Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Rush.
1,000 40,968 104,590 128,000 274,558 154,995,750 155,270,308
- 38,402 139,702 2,6
8,670 2,806,774 107,916,750 110,723,524
-
- - 376,777 1,412,246 1,789,023 251,277,000 253,066,023
- - 423,871 209,lü8 632,039 192,070,700 192,702,739
- - 281,704 44R,414 730,118 193,538,100 194,268,218
- - 386,814 371,3R9 758,203 124,849,525 125,607,728
- - 403,135 233,778 636,913 ' 120,791,125 121,4
8,038
- - 2,087,539 10,121,433 12,208,972 185,338,750 197,5-17,722
- - 21,130 72,990 94,120 - 94,120
- - 16,405 111,501 127,906 - 127,906
- - 18,252 112,321 130,573 - 130,573
- - - 1,286,779 1,286,779 - 1,2%,779
- - 1,676 743,349 745,025 - 715,025
- - - 592,340 592,340 - 512,340
- - - 472,408 472,408 7,000 479,408
- - - 314,820 314.820 2,000 316,820
- 62,200 543,657 73,582 679,439 73,035,300 73,714,739
- 109,388 933,680 1.706,349 2,749.417 35,837,800 38,587,217
- - 1,376,546 1,723,966 3,100,512 68,6H),OOO 71,749,512
- - 445,0:n 449,268 894,299 95,159,750 96,054,049
- - 459,802 427,900 887,702 79,409,850 80,217,552
- - 1,537,863 1,900,309 3,438,172 36,154,000 39,592,172
- - 344,
89 332,987 677,276 59,37n,450 60,056,726
- - 643,412 1,783,041 2,426,453 65,662,000 68,088,453
- 62,771 72,730 4,108 139,609 - 139,609
23,760 284,324 28,008 336,092 - 336,On
- - 339,747 127,508 467,255 - 467,255
- - 77,802 37,737 115,539 - 115,539
- 71,652 54,386 126,038 - 126,03

- 2g3,914 62,050 355,964 - 355,964
- R2,863 38,532 121 ,:
95 2,000 123,395
- 145,506 27,762 173,268 - 173,26S
- - 125,812 9,297 135,109 15,944,500 16,07'9,609
- 1,100 230,122 24,146 255,368 4,953,000 5,208,368
- - 322,367 30,220 352,587 9,574,100 9,926,687
- - 134,691 10,927 145,618 10,627,500 10,773,118
- - 319,592 165,927 485,519 10,743,200 11,228,719
- - 727,047 773,420 1,500,467 9,596,60'0 11,097,067
- - 557,842 851,943 1,409,785 15,643,800 17,053,585
- - 237,868 605,5S8 843,456 13,655,400 14,508,856
- 11,857 4,980 162,900 179,737 72,000 251,737
- 4,P54 144,765 97,178 246,797 123,000 369,797
- 374,782 179,157 553,
)39 116,000 669,939
- 251,592 6n,448 943,040 190,000 1,133,010
- 218,994 389,133 608,127 478,000 1,086,127
- - 162,461 33,289 195,750 1,020,000 1,215,750
163,395 929,007 I,OH2,402 2,172,350 3,264,752
- - 333,31
5,627,016 5,960,334 2,967,500 8,927,834
- - - - - 18,432,750 18,432,750
- - - - 4,001,600 4,001,600
- - - - 3,303,600 3,303,600
- - - - - 7,086,200 7,0
6,200
- - - - - fi,802,900 6,862,900
- - - 14,351 14,351 3,075,900 3.0aO,251
- - - - - 2,335,000 2,335,000
- -
- - 5,0
6,37.j 5,030,375

" hcat,1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921

Corn.. .1914
1a15
19W
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921

Oats.. .1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921

Buck-
wheat 1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921

Barley 1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921

Rye.. .1914
1915
19W
1917
1918
UH9
1920
1921

Flax

..;('ed. .1914
1915
1910
1a17
1918
1919
1920
1921

CU.t/.\ 87' t 1'181'IC8

153

JO - Qualltitic' of Grain Ill"iJ)t'('f('d duriuJ: tht' nst'tll ) ('ars t'lld('() J\lar(.fi 31,
19lJ-1!Þ.!1 -con('luùpù,

Eao.;tl-rn Divi",ion. Wc:-:tf'rn Gran(l
thain. Division. Total.
Kingston. 1 Pl'tl'rhoro Toronto.
Iontrl'al. Total.
Bush. Hush. Bu:-:h. Bush. Bu:-:h. Hush. Bush.
]('as...I!)I
- - I. fi()7 2.900 4,,j67 - 4.5t>7
I!ìl.') - - 12,
OO - 12.:
00 - 12.
00
HHfil - - 14.944 400 15,
44 - 15.
44
I !117 1 - - lO,fit9 3.0::!.i 13.fi t-t - 13,644
I'H
- - 1.000 3.100 4.100 - 4.100
191
' - - H. "71 2,
.)q 11. 7
f} - 1l,72H
I
t?O - - tr}.07
lU,
16 29. ""
- 2H.SSS
hi:? I' - - 2,000 1.000 3.000 - 3.000
Scrf'(\n- I
inc;s. . I
H 1)1 - - - - - 2SI,OOO 2S I ,(JoO
1!117 - - - - - 1.')2.000 4.i2,000
IUIS - - - - - - -
IHl!1 - - - - - - -
1!)2U - - - - - 6tì9,OOO fifi!} , noo
1921 - - - - - 1.')5.000 45,).000
Total..1911 1.000 (';'4. .9ß 87....")66 1,)3.7.1 1 9 .iJ. .139 .'6" ,667 ,:100 1 0)61,171,U9 1
" 1915j - 177.501 1,761 9 29S 1,671.160 6.612 9 962 l.i3,03S.1,j0 l.i9.651,112
" 1916 1 - - 2.S23,.Jlã 3.5S5.StS 6..J09.233 333 9 20:Þ. 700 339,609,933
" 1917 1 - - t.
13.606 2.6"
.:152 .J.030.9/"S 30,j.5
ti.15D 3
99617 .10
" t91
- - 1.3;'I,12D 2,232.209 :1.5S6,629 291.032,050 29t.61S.679
!
" 1919 - - 3.116.9;'0 :1.750.006 6.')66.976 17.J.69G.0.
5 ISI,,jG:l 9 0Ol
I
I
1920, - 1.570,596 !.SG9.171 J.1I0.067 "1)0999:Þ.725 205.1:19.792
" 1921 1 - - 3.t 19.613 IS,t
O.f}GO 121.9:10.:103
7:1.12. .02ã 0)95,057,=12 i

1 Ineludf's 1
6.()0() hushf'ls of
crl'('ning;s anù 1,000 bu",hcls of spPltz.
2 Incluùf's 78,
OS bushel" of .\rgf'ntinf' corn.
3 Incluùc::) 206.000 bushcls of screening'i.

31. - Shipmt'llts of Grain by '''t'ssl"ls from "'ort William and Port \rthur for the na\l-
J:atlon
easons 1919 and 1920.

EH9.

1920.

, f'o.;;-o;pls.

('a
Jian \n

ican I Total
ports. pOl t
. !'-hipmpnts.
Bush. I Bu:-:h.
. 10 '> _ 0 I
87,6Iìß,fi11 tJ, _.,.1 92.7ß).
:?O
12.217,H7 1 3..31 0.5
,j I 15,72
.Os:?
1l,HH,2fi:3 1,2:
{)..
hi' 12,-105,Sü:!
-1 14,,36;. 712,6:
.J 1,
07,207
'i".
..3.)OI
0:J,422 I.l'\"
,t)ï:?
..1 lt2.33'
'J
9 1 10'8ð5'9,j II 1'!:
.199.II;S
20,l

.9-1
1 -, 20,IR
.91 II
lü2 41. 7f3, 41. fJ:!:1

Bush.

Canadian Y f'ss('b
"}wat .
Oats.
Barlf'v
Fla
sèpù .
Hyf'

Total.

:\Iixcd grain:, . Ib. 1
:-;(,!1'f'ning;:-- . .tons.

To To I
Canadian I \lIlpril'an Total
ports. ports. shipmf'nt....
Bu
h, Bu
h. Bu
h.

.).).6

.046
1O.3
R. 7.j:?
5.761.120
5";7,1.14
1,050,851

.37,741.41.3
3.981,26J
H:
O.SOS
1,1
0.52q
1, 1-14.0.
S

113,42J,.Hìl
14,:
6),021
ü.5 n,n2\{
1. ,67 ,672
2,IJ4,')OJ

73.470,913 61,

2,01k
:J.2.,)2,3!)7 !).x
4.
5

I -11),35-1

1:1
.3j2,991

.1
f).7.)0
4fi.35 t

()TL In "intl'r -:tor'lgp cargoP!' in IH1
, 2,-1 )7,82:J wheat
1.1:>0, :UO oats
2fH,260 bar l py
100, :m7 flax

,

454

TRADE A!{Ð COltJJfERCE

32.-Shipments of Grain by vessels and all rail route from Fort William and Port
Arthur for the crop years ended August 31, 1919 and 192B.

1918-19. 1919-20.
Grain.
Vessels. Rail. Total. Vessels. Rail. Total.
\Vheat- Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush. Bush.
No.1 Hard.... 158,466 23,589 182,055 15,483 - 15,483
No.1 Northern 37,520,884 2,122,91!} 39,643,803 28,981,140 4,607,078 33,588,218
No.2 Northern 13,957,748 1,106,027 15,063,775 19,849,823 2,703,585 22,553,409
No.3 Northern 14,856,243 1,165,002 16,021,245 15,147,257 2,336,034 17,483,291
Sundry grades.. 23,923,586 2,346,793 26,270,379 16,866,482 2,382,220 19,248,702
Total wheat. . . . . 90,-116,927 6,76-1,330 97,181,257 80,860,185 12,028,918 92,889,103
-
Oats....... 6,774,293 6,913,392 13,687 :6S5 16,607,176 8,158,129 24,765,306
Barley. . . . . . " . 9,100,841 1,381,013 10,481,854 6,677,409 1,558,949 8,236,358
Flaxseed.. . . . . . 1,393,230 769,826 2,163,056 713,584 575,451 1,289,035
Rye............. . 691,796 109,180 800,976 1,286,730 21,164 1,307:R94
Total grain...... 108,377 ,087 15,937,74:1 12-1,314:.8281 106,HS,081 22,3-12,611 128,4:87,696

BOUNTIES.
The only bounties now being; paid are for crude petroleum and
zinc. Bounties on iron and steel ceased in 1911 and on lead in
1918. The total paid on lead bounties from 1899 to 1918 amount
to $1,979,216 for 1,187,169,878 lb. of lead, as in Table 33. For
crude petroleum the amount paid in 1920 was $103,312 on 6,887,498
gallons, making the total paid froln 1905 to 1920 $3,017,436 on
201,162,445 gallons. Zinc bounties are granted under provisions
of the Act, 8-9 Geo. V, c. 51, not to exceed $400,000 to 31 July,
1920. The bounty paid equals the difference bet,veen the standard
lnarket price of zinc and 9c. per lb. There was paid in 1919-20
the sum of $249,246 on 15,186,694 lb. of zinc sold.
The total alnount of bounties paid froln 1896 to 1920 was $22,-
508,250; of this amount $16,785,827 was for iron and steel; $1,979,216
for lead; $3,017,436 for crude petroleum (Table 34); $367,962 for
manila fibre; and
357,809 for zinc. The Year Book of 1915, pages
459 and 460, gave a description of the bounties that have been payable
since 1883, as well as t
bles sho,ving for each commodity the quan-
ties on which bountics were annually paid, and the amounts of such
bountie
for the years 1896 to 1915 inclusive.

33.-Bounties Paid in Canada on Lead, 1899-1918.

Fiscal Year.

Quantity. Bounty. Fiscal Year. Quantity. Bounty.
lb. $ lb. $
449,636,000 76,665 1909. ... ... ... .... -.. 42,533,287 307,434
177,990,000 43,335 uno. 45,467,545 340,542
245,792,000 30,000 1911. .......... .. 33,3.31,909 248,535
- - 1912. .............. .. 27,823,221 179,288
2,576,000 4,380 1913. .............. .. 2:
, n85, 569 68,065
26,748,104 195,627 1914.. . . . ...... .. 7, H)7,038 8,179
56,489,523 330,645 laI5.. . ...... .. . . 3,237,897 3,217
28,70
,428 90,196 1916. . . . 99,797 60
21,479 1,995 1918. .. . 86,528 52
15,425,553 51,0f.l
Total.... . " . 1
187.169,878, 1.919,216

1899. ..............
1900.. .............
1901. . . .. . . .. . . . . . .
1902...... .
190:3... .
1904...... .
1905. ...
1906. _..
1907.
. 19C8..

BOCYTIES

i,")j

3J - ßoullhl'
I)åahl in Camula 011 Crudl' .-l'froh'unl. 190.')-1920.

Fi..:cal Yt'ar. Quantity. · llounty. Fi:,cal ), car. Quantity. Bounty.
gal. S gal. S
HW.).. ... 23, 3:J6, 478 350,0-17 1913.._.__ 8,616,767 129.252
1 !H)(ì. . . . . . . . 19,41O,4S0 2
1, 157 lHt.!. . 7,

4,219 117,513
1907. . . . . . . . 17,770,205 2üü,55;J HH3. 7,6".'),127 115,277
1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2ü,mn.139 391,217 HIW. . 7,27S,452 10J,177
1909....... . 17,379,b71 260,638 HH7 6,761, 8
5 101,428
lî1lO........ 13.572,5R7 20:J, 5S9 HH
_ 7, 56U, 4,')7 113,4H7
HIll........ 10,706,41
lUO,596 1919. . 1O,812,4s2 162,IR7
1
ì12...... 9,462,380 14 1,936 192
_ 6, "
7, 4
I8 lo:i,312
1'otal. . . .!Ol,IG2,H.J :
.ol7 .,U6

1-..\1'''
:\TS, COl-\"llUalT, TU \DE 'I UlKS, I:TC.
Paten ts.-Applications for patents in Can
da from inventors
in other countries ,vere fir
t received in 1872. In that year the total
nUluber of applications for patents Il1ade to the Canadian Patent
Office, Departlllent of
\gricultun', was 7;)2,
lnd the total fee8 :.llllount-
cd to '18,632. 1"he business of the Office has continued
r[ldually
to expanù, and the nUluber of applications anù total fees have
incrca::;cd c:l('h ycar ,vithout 3. brcak since the beginning of the prc:::;cnt
century until the fiscal year ended ::\Iarch 31, 1013, ".hen 8,G81
applicatiun
,vere received, and thc total fees :\1110.Jntc(1 to 5218,125.
In lU20 there ,vere 11,108 applications ,vith fees amounting to
20.1,-
016. For the fiscal ycar ended l\Iarch 31, 1020, the nUlnber of
patents granted 'V3<3 9,527. Of the patents granted, ß,
Gl or 72 p.c.,
,vere i
:-;ncd to United States inventor::;, 1,451 to Canadian and 678
to Briti:-5h patentees, ,vhile Sweùen ,vith lOt and
\ustralia ,vith 92
p'lÍellts can1C next in nUlnber of patents i
:-5upd. Tablf' 35 sh(nvs
the di
tribu1 ion of thc Can:Hli
ln patentees by province of rc
idence
for the yeJ.rs lÐ11 to 1920.

3.).-
umh('r of Canadian I-at('ntees, b). .-rmince of Residence, for the fisfal )t'.ars
1911-1920.

Provinces. I Hill. HH2. HH3. 1914. 191j. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
-- - - - - - - - - --
Xo. Xo. Xo. Xo. Xo.
o. Xo. !\o. Ko.
o.
Prince Ed" ard I:slanù. . 4 2 2 3 3 3 9
Xova :::;cotia. ..... 31 30 20 39 33 21 29 18 21 29
Xe" Brummick., 2:3 17 ,,- 30 20 17 29 14 9 22
-oJ
Quebec. . " ....... .. 271 233 277 278 278 237 2S7 220 172 312
Ontario. 610 531 5
4 607 j
6 5-10 465 3.J8 3S6 6:n
)Ianitoha. . . .. .. . . 1O
""" 105 115 97 89 8-1 91 06 86
1-

askatchewan.. _.. 47 47 5
5') 66 0- 62 8-1 70 94
.J
Alberta.. . . . . . . . 5-1 .')0 61 46 71 00 5:) 61 75 116
British Columbia...... . 1
97 1
:! 1.')7 126 92 72 8'1 70 147
,)
Territories and ì ukon . 1 2 1 1 1
- - - - - --
Totals. 1,216 I,OS3 I, .
;)6 J,:nl 1, '!S 1 l,rn 1,091 9.:1
15 1,151

456

TRADE AND CO.JUJIERCE

It will be seen from the table that the" more populous provinces
of Ontario and Quebec obtained the largest absolute number of
patents, but a calculation of the number of patentees in relation to
the estimated population sho,vs that for the fiscal year 1920 the
greatest relative inventiveness \vas displayed in Ontario. Thus in
this province, in 1920, one patent \vas granted to every 4,498 p
rsons,
the other provinces as regards the number of persons to each patent
granted being placed in order as follo\vs: British Columbi3" 4,884;
.Alhert
, 5,379; l\Ianitoba, 7,488; Queb
c, 7,599; Saskatchewan, 8,479;
P. E. Island, 10,4-1:-1:; N e\v Bruns\vick, 16,864, and Nova 8cotia,
18,034.
Copyright, Trade Marks, Etc -The report for the year ended

Iarch 31, 1920, of the Copyright and Trade l\Iarks Branch of the
Department of Trade and Commerce sho\vs that the fees received
for copyrights, trade marks, industrial designs and timber marks
amounted to $60,451 for the fiscal year 1919-20, as compared \vith
$40,179 in 1918-19, $32,265 in 1917-18, and $28,643 in 1916-17.
Registrations of copyright in 1919-20 numbered 2,028 against 1,436
in 1918-19, 1,440 in 1917-18 and 1,;384 in 1916-17, of trade 111arks
1,735 against 919 in 1918-19, 987 in 1917-18, of industrial designs
186 against 169 and of timber marks 22 against 90.

IX.-TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS.

Statistics of transportation and communications comprise those-
of steam and electric raihvays, motor vehicles, express cOlllpanies,
shipping, canals, telegraphs, telephones and the Post Office l .

STEAM RAILWAYS.
Steam Railways.-The incr
ase in the raihvay n1Ìleage of
Canada for the year ended June 30, 1919, was 17, as compared \vith
275 in 1918, 1,170 in 1917, 1,852 in 1916, 4,787 in 1915, 1,491 in 1014
and 2,577 in 1913, the incr
ases respectively over the Ii1ilpage of the
previous year. The increase in mileage \vas thus the slllall
st of
recent years, o\ving to the scarcity of capital. The total raihnlY mile-
age in actual operation on June 30, 1919, \vas 38,896. The raihvay
year runs froln July 1 to June 30, and the raihvay statistics through-
out this section arC' for the v
ars ended June 30. Table 1 records the
steam raihvay n1ileap.e in C
anada annually fr0111 1835 to 1919, and
Table 2 the stealn raihvay n1ileage of Canada by provinces for eaf'h
of the eight years 1912 to 1919.
Capital Liability of Steam Railways.-The capitalization of
raihvays in operation during the year
nd('d June 30, 1019, ,vas
$2,009,209,510, an increasf' of $9,329,016 for the year. Of the total

1 The statistics of railways and canals, telegraphs, tele- honps and expreRS companic
,
are take'n from the Reports for the ycar.ended June 30, 1919, of the Transportation Division,
Dominion Bureau of Statistics. The shipping statistics arc taken from the Rpport of the
Department of Marine and Fisheries and the Shipping Report iSRupd by the Department
of Customs. The postal Rtatistics are from the Report of the' PoH Offi('e De'partment.

81'11}401'\[ R.tILH.\ rs

457

.('apitalil.a t ion,

7X, 10 1, 11

ar(' f't och.
,
2 H1,2
-1,S
2 are ron:,ulidatpd
deot.'ll ture
toe k of t he Canadian Paeifi(' Hailway anù ....
)14,82:3 ,31[)
arc funded debt.
Statistics of Individual C0I11panies.- fahle 4 givps the
nlÌl
a
e, (.:1pital, aid paid up, parnings and oppratin
expenses of the

teaIll raih,-ays of Canadn for the year C'n(h'd June :
O, In19. Ii sho"s
that thp nggrpgate earninp'
WPf('
382,Ð7f),UOl, an incf(\a
(' conlpan\d
with 101S vf
52,7.16,7.)1, or 13.9 p.c. Operating expen:-:es in 19B)
anlountpd to
:
-l1 ,Sn{),30n, an incrp:\.
l' of
fj7.0 11 ,073, or 24.7 p.c.
The ratio of oppratiuR e).,p('n:-\('
to gr()s
parnin
s was S
). '27 p.c.,
as ('onlpar('d with 82.Hö p.c. in 191x, and 71.7 ppr (,Put in 1917. rrhe
total aid pai(l up, :\:i givpn in Table 4:. arnounts to "I(jl,39
,G9b.
Passengers and Freight.-rrahl(' 5, giving tlH' statbtics of

tpalll railway
fronl IBOJ to IH1U, f-ihow
that in UH9 the
tp:lIn rail-
ways of C'anada ("ar
i ,<I -13,734,1 B-1 pa
'"'t'llger::; and IIt),()UB,;') 72 tOIlS
of frpight, tI d('crea
e of ß,9ð;
, 100 pa:--
'll!!.C'rs, or 13.7 p.e., anù a.
deerease of 10,814,11;') tOIl
of fr<'i:.rh t, or 8.5 p.r., as cOlnparcJ 'wit h
1918. The di
trihu tion of frcight a'"' h
t w('en ùiffercnt elas:-\('
of pro-
ducts i

Il(nvn in rrable 9.
The frpight rcceipts per tOil per ll1Ïle are stated in 1'abl<' 10 to
have hecn 0.
)ß2 ecnt:-; in 1919 a
again
t 0-736 ccnt:-- in 1918 and
o. G33 cent8 ill 191G, the lowe:-;t fig,ure ill recent Yt'ars. Hcccipts
.ppr pa

ellgpr per Inile l\"pre 2.337 c('uts in 1919 as cOlllpared ".ith
2" 122 c('nt
in IH18. l'lle increa:-\ing tonu<lge vf train
in recent yea.r

i
a]!:5o
hOWll in thi8 table.
Canadian Government Rail\vays.-A:-: a condition of Con-
fpderation th(' GOYCflUHcnt of the DOluillion undcrtook th
COlllplption
of a lilH' of rnihvay hpt".p(,1l the' old proyinrc ùf Canada and the ice-
free \.tlantic port
of X ova ðeotia and X l'W Brull:-\wiek. ï"his raihvay,
known as the Int<'rcolonial, ,vas COlllplcted in IS7G. In IHU:3, thp
DonlÏnion l
ovprnnlpnt undl
rtook tlH
eonstruction of the pa
tern
diyi
ion of the l\ational r-rrans('ontin('ntal Railway fronl
roncton,
X .13., to 'Yinnipeg, to be lcaseil to the Grand 1'rullk Pacific Hailway
COlnpany for a period of 50 ye:u"3. On the' failure of the lattcr eOlll-
pany to tak(
ovcr t h(' operation of the road wh('n l'oIDplptl'd, at an
pxpenditure up to
Iarch 31, 1919, of
lö.\12ð,712 (Tab!p 17), thp
(
ov('rnlnpnt it
clf uIHl('rtook its oppration. l'he rrince Ed warù
l
land raihnlY, opened in April, 1
73, i:-; a1
o thp property of the
DoulÏnion (;Oyprnnlcnt. l'hu
, on :\Iar(.h 31, 1918, the Canadian
(
ov(,fllIncnt raihrnys had a total njl('ape of 5.150.08, cOluprising thp
I nter('olonial rail way,
,an3. 2:
milps:
t.
J ohn and Quphec raii ".ay
(le:l::--pd), 127.72 Iniles: l"rÏ1H'p Ed,vard I:-\land railway, 31;).82 luiles;
and Xational ï"ran
contin{'ntal raihvay, 2,4:P3. 31 Inilps. On Junp
1. Hn
. :-;pypral :-\hort conlpany-o,,-nC'd branch linps in XC". Bruns-
wid
, aggrpgating 143 n1Ïl<'
, ,,-prf' takpn o,.C'r for operation, ppnding
eOlnplf'tion of purchasp. Further, in pursuancp of an l\et I>a
:-\f'd in
tn17 (7-S Gf'orge \
. c. 2-1), intituled an A.ct proyiding for the af'qui-
,ition hy IIi
:\Iajf'.;:.ty of the ('apital
tock of thp Can:Hli
ln Xorthf'rn

458 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS

Raihvay Company, and an agreement entered into under the Act,
the Government acquired the entire capital stock of the Canadian
Northern Railway COlnpany, except five shares issued in exchange
for Canadian Northern Raihvay income charge convertible debenture
stock. Having thus acquired control, the Government, in September,
1918, appointed a ne\v board of directors of the Canadian Northern
Railway Company. This board, under Order in Council of N oveln-
ber 20, 1918, became also a board of managelnent of the Canadian
Governlnent raihvays, \vith all the po,vers theretofore vested in the
general manager of the Canadian Government railways. The use of
the general term "Canadian National Raihvays'
to describe both
systems ,vas authorized by Order in Council of December 20, 1918,
the corporate entity of each system being, ho\vever, preserved. The
Canadian Northern system, at the time of its acquisition by the
Government, had a total mileage of 9,566.5 lniles. In addition,
the Quebec and Saguenay railway, with 62.3 miles of lines, ,vhen
offered for sale, was purchased by the Government under statutory
authority, and by Order in Council of September 24, 1918, placed
under the jurisdiction of the board of directors of the Canadian
Northern Railway Company. The Lotbinière and lVlegantic raihvay,
again, about 30 miles in length, was acquired by the Dominion Gov-
ernment under authority of an Order in Council of December 1, 1919,
and is to be operated as part of the Canadian Government raihvays
system by the board of directors of the Canadian Northern railway.
The Hudson Bay raihvay, ,vith 334 miles completed at the end of 1919
out of its total of 424, has been declared to be conlprised in the Cana-
dian Government Railways, and is being operated to a limited extent
by the board of directors of the Canadian Northern railway.
Government Aid to Railways.-The raihvays of Canada have
been built largely under different forms of Government aid. Tables
12 to 15 show its nature and extent. The principal forms of aid
granted have consisted in land grants, cash subsidies, loans, the
issue of debentures and the guarantee of bonds or interest. Aid
has been granted both by the Dominion and Provincial Governments
and also by municipalities. Table 12 shows the areas of the land
granted as subsidies to steam raihvay companies by the Donlinion
and Provincial Governments, ,vith the names of the companies in
the case of the Dominion Government. The total area so granted
up to June 30, 1919, extends to 56,237,383 acres.
Aid to Railways by Dominion Government.-Fronl 1851
up to June 30, 1919, as sho\vn analytically in Table 14, the total value
of public aid granted to steam raihvays in Canada, exclusive of the
capital of t\VO government raihvays (I.C.R. and P.E.I.R.), amounted
to $275,163,228. Of this sum 8219,077,163 represents aid granted by
the Dominion Governnlent, $38,171,229 that granted by the Provin-
cial Governments, and $17,914,836 that granted by municipalities.
During 1919 the total cash sub:-ìiclies paid to raihvays alnounted to
$720,404, paid \vholiy Ly the DonlÏnion Governlnent. Table 15

S'1'E tAl R.tILH..1 YS

159

:-;hows for ('ach year fronl 1901 to 1919 the anlount of aid to date
given to :-\tp:Ull raih,.ays hy the ])onlÌnion GovPfluncllt. 'rite' total
at June 30, 1010, of
384,011,l-tO is lnade up of the capital of the' two
goyernn1l'ut-o".neò lines, alnounting to
IG4,033,977, and 821 B,07ï, lU3
rpprcl..;cnting the aid grante'd by the DonlÌnion Goyeflunent to
other raih,-:rys. 1
he latter includps in 1012 the SHIn of
4,904 ,417
paid to the Grand l"runk Pacific Raihvay Co. under the iIuph.'Ill('nt
clause of the agre('lllcn1 bet".ccn the Govl'fluuent and the COlnpany,
increased in 1916 to "'G,2(;3,71f;. 'rltis dau
l
provides that the
GovernlIlent
hall make up the difference het\,.een the
UllOUllt rcalizcd
b

certain bondf; and their par value. In Ptlch ycar since 188G the
aid p.rantcd to othpr raihvays includes t.he
UIIl of
10,189,521 paid by
th(' Goveflllnent to the Canadian Paeific Hailway COlnpany for land
takl'n 0' pr by thf' GoverIllnent frolll the Conlpany's land suhf'idy.
}
ronl 1883 to 19Un the lUllounts in the third colullln represent the
a('('unlulatcd annual paYluent by the DonlÌnion to the Quehec GOYl'rn-.
IHl'llt of interc:::,t at 5 p.c. on a SUlll of "'2,394,000 anù amounting to
'-'IIU,700 on aceount of thp tran
fer of thc Quebec, :\Iontr('al, Ütta,va
and Occidental raihvay. rrhe itcnl of
,),lüO,054 in 1909 include's
the p[lynH
nt of the principal. Froln 1 U 10, the aUlounts ill elude the
loall of sI0,000,000 lllade to the Grand 1
runk Pacific }{aihvay COln-
pan)" unùer federal legislation of 190H (b-9 Ed,v. VII, c. 19). ])uring
the Ye'ar ended June 30, 1918, loans of S23,000,000 ,,'ere Illude to
1he Canadian Korthern raih,ay, and of $7,500,000 to the Grand
Trunk Pacific raih,.ay by the })onlÌnion GovernnlCnt.

Dominion and Provincial Guarantees.-Guarantees of bonds
have been substituted in large Ineasure for other forlns of aiù during
rerent years, and in 1919 the total value of the guarantees authorized
by the DonlÌnion and Provincial Governments, as sho,vn by Table 13,
was
40(j,3"b,992. Of this value, the sunl of '189,666,539 represents
honds authorized by the DonÜnion Governlnent and the sum of

216,922,433 bonds authorize(I by the Provincial Govcrnlnents. Of the
total value of bonds authorized, viz., :--40G,588,992, bonds to the
value of S3üO,684,581 have been executed and the SUln of
344,ü72,933
repre
ents the value of guarantees earned. Grand 'frunk Pacific
bond
of the value of
33, 116,000, purchased by the Donlinion
GOyernUlent, are included in the alnount of guarantees authorized,
although in thi::; case the guarantee does not apply.
lludson Bay Railway.-The route of the Hudson hay raih,ray
lies between Pas, l\Ianitoba, ".here connection is Inacle with the
Canadi[ln K orthern rail".ay, and Port X elson on Hudson bay, a
total distance of 424 nlÌles. The ,york of construction ,,'as placed
under contract in
\.ugust, 1911. The entire line has no'v been graded
and track laid from Pas north to the becond crof::sing of the X elson
rivf'r at I\:ettle rapid
, a di
tance of 334 n1iles, to ,,'hich point also
telegraphic conllnunication ha'3 been established. All bridges up to
and including that at I\:ettle rapids, have been conlpleted. Between

460

TRA^
SPORTATION AND COM},;!UNICATIONS

this point and Port Nelson t\VO bridges have yet to be constructed.
Considerable progress has been made on railway terminals, docks and
other harbour ,yorks at Port Nelson. The total expenditure up to
::\Iarch 31, 1919, \vas $20,796,445.
Quebec Bridge.-The Quebec Bridge was built by the Dominion
Government to replace the structure ,vhich fell during the erection
in 1907. The contract for the substructure was let in 1909, and for
the superstructure in 1911. The bridge ,vas opened for traffic in
Oct.ober, 1917, although not entirely c01l1pleted until August, 1918.
It ,vas officially opened by H.R.H. the Prince of 'Yale::;, on August
22, 1919. The lnain span is the longest in the ,vodd, being 1,800
feet centre to centre of piers, or 100 feet longer than that of the Forth
Bridge in Scotland. The total co:st of this structure was in the
neighbourhoocl of $15,000,000. The bridge is of the cantilever type
and carries a double track raihvay and acco1l1modation for foot traffic,
but no high,vay. The bridge fonlls a connecting link in the Canadian.
National Raihvays system, and is operated as a part of such system.

1.-Record of steam Railway Mileage, 1835-1919.

Number Number Number Number
of miles of miles of miles of miles
Year. In Year. in Year. In Year. In
operation. operation. operation. operation.
1835.. . ... . - 1856... . 1,414 1877. ... . . . 5,782 189R. . 16,870
1836. . .. ... . 16 1857. . 1,444 1878. . 6,2
6 IS9;}. . 17,250
lR37....... . 16 1858. . .. . 1,863 1879. . 6,858 1900. . 17,657
1838...'. ... . 16 1859... . 1,994 1880. 7,194 1901. 18,140
1839....... . 16 1860. 2,065 1881. 7,331 1902. 18, 714
1840....... . 16 1861. 2,146 1882. ... . . 8,6
7 1903. 18,988
1841. . . . . . . . 16 1862. . .. . 2,189 1883. . 9,577 B04. . 19,431
1842.. ...... 16 1863. . 2,189 1884. . 10 , 273 1905. . 20,487
1843. ... . 16 186'1:. . 2,189 1885. . 10, 773 1006. . 21,353
1844. . . . . . . . l6 1865. . 2,240 1886. . 11 , 7ù3 1307. . 22,452
1845....... . 16 1866. 2,278 1887. . 12,184 1908. . 22,966
1846. 16 1
67. . 2,278 IS88. . 12,163 1909. 24,104
1847. . . .. . . . .14 1868. 2,270 1889. . 12,628 uno.. 24,731
184S..... ... 54 186J. 2,524 1890. . 13,151 1;}11. 25,400
1849....... . .54 1870. 2.617 18
1. . 13,838 HH2. 26,727
1850.. .. 6{) 1871. . 2,6J5 18g2. . 14,564 1913. 29,304
1851. .. .. .. . 159 1872. 2,83Y 1893. . 15,005 1914. . 30, 79.

1852. . . .1 2U5 1873. . 3,832 1834. . 15,627 191.} . 35.582
1853. I .
Oû 1874. . 4.331 18J5. 15,977 1916. 37,434
.1 .
1
54. .. . . . 764 1875. 4,084 1836. 16,270 1917. .
8,604
1855
77 1
76. 5,
18 1837 16, .=}.
o 1918. . 3
,879
1;}11. 3H,8f16
- -- -- --

STEAJf R.t/LJrA Y8

4tH

2.- ""h'.nn Ui,ih\a) '1IIt'.,"e b) I>>rcnhu..t,s, 1912-1919.

I!H:!. 1913. 1914. 1915. 19U3- 1917. 19I5. I!H9.
h,54ß 9,UOO 9,
.);) 10,7(J:! 11 ,320 11 ,0-19 11 , 057 11 ,000
3,XX2 3,986 4,04:J 4,G77 4,ï:J3 4,734 4,791 4,
60
3,520 3, 9fl3 4,OiG 4,4!IS 4, :3U9 4, 1
4 4, 1tj'\ 4,IS9
3,754 4,(ì;)1 5,0
!) 5,327 5,:37S G, 1
4 ß, 1tj
6, l-l

I,M'7 2,212 2,54;) 3,174 :3,1-i94 4,444 4,273 4,2S5
l,b,j5 1, !'51 1, !17S 3,100 3 , liO i :3, t-s;, 4,247 4,2:3R
1,54'> 1,54.) l,s:m I , flf):! l,tI,j7 1, tJ59 1,9,j9 1,948
. 1, 357 1 , :360 1 , 36.5 1, :367 1 ,4:36 1,4

1,4
S 1,432
26
J
7!J 27
')-- ')-- 2i
279 279
_"J -,,)
102 IO
1O
102 102 Hl2 102 102
- 2
5 2:!4
!Jh 4
t.i 413 413 415
')6,721 1)9,.101 :10, -9'; ;r ,5"".? 37,4;U 3S,60J 3\oj,
79 as,S96

Pro,'in('p
.

Ontario.
Quehec.. .

[anitoha. . . . .

askatchp\\an.
.\lbprta .
British Colum hia..
X ew Bruns\\ ick
Xova Scotia. . _
P. Ed
ard hland
yukon.........
In rnit('d Stat
.....
('anada ....1

(YI'e.-rhe rnilC'age sho\\n in the l"nitt'd Statp::! ft.'latf's ..ntirdy to lines \\hi('h cro

\mprican tprritory in pas:.
ing from Oßf' point in Canada to another: such linps, although not
h.'rptofoft., im'ludt'd in Canadian milpagp, are o})('ratpd \\ holly for the PUTP()SC'
of Canadian
traffip. Tlwre i::! a largp additiona.l milpagp in thp rnit('d HtatpH, \\ hich is 0\\ npd and
opt..'mtpd by Canadian rail\\:L)"s, but of \\hic'h no account i
taken in these
tati:sties.

3.- ("allital LlabiUt) of
team Uaih\"a)
, lSì6-1919.

ì ear. I Stod\.
. Funclf'ù Tota.l. \ (',ir.
tock:ò=. J 'unùpd Total.
J)f'ht. I>f'ht.
- - &
g
S S S

tSiG.. . ISO,!);):; ,6.) 7 76.079.531 2.=> 7 ,035, 1
') 1
!ìS 37R.151,790
54,946,Mì.') 733, O!lX, G5.

IS77. IS2,57'UH)4 7i),67G,3S2 ::!6:?,25,5,37G 1M)!) 391 ,300 ,
ßO 3G2,053,4!)5 7,
3 ,353 ,h5.5
1787. IH1,331,767 83,71O,!)3s\ 275 ,04:?, 70.) I!}OO 410 ,3:?6,095 373,71G,704 7R4,042,7H!)
Ih79. 1!)2,674..553 81,151,62
273,R2G,181 1901 424,414,314 391,6!}().523 816,lIO,X:W
1880.. . IS9,95G,177 S\0,Gül,316 270,ül7,493 1902 4GO,401,RG3 404,806,847 86.
,208,71O
l:o..SI. 19!),527,m\) 84,R91,313 2S4,419,294 1
}o3 4S3,770,312 424,100,7G2 H07,871,074
1882. 2l-t,4(ì
,46.=} 92,487,932 306,956,397 1904 492,752,5
0 449,114,035 941 ,Rß6,.
ß5
ISS
. 2G9,O!l2,615 102,134,295 371,226,910 19P5 .=>2ß,3,
3,!}51 465,543,9G7 9!} 1 ,Rfl7 ,!' 18
lR<;;4. 285,077,822 109,31O,9G3 394,3S8,i8.
1006 561,- ,).1),3fl.5 504,226,234 1 ,Oß.'),R81 ,629
lRS5. 31:!, 1
2, 162 141,370,9G3 453,553,12.5 1907 ,j8
,5GR,5!)l .")83,3(ìfl,217 1,171 ,H37 ,808
lX
b. 317,141,94b 169,359,306 -l
6,501 ,2.)4 1 fl08 h07 ,891,349 631,869,G64 1,239,761,013
lRS7 :3
-t, 128,738 194,801,5.53 518,930,29 I 1909 647,5
4,ß47 6ßO,fl4ß, 76
1,308,481,4lü
18".1\. 327,493,.1\'\2 22'\,G17,72" 5.
6,111,61O IHI0 687,557,3S7 722,740,300 1,410,297,687
1S"!I. 332 ,5;') !} ,672 251,675,226 5\\4,234,S9R 1911 749,2n7,(ì
7 77!),4
1,5H 1,52R,68!),201
1890.. . 3:3
, 177 ,
8G 2G6,f.,'5,707 603,063 . 09
1912 770,459,351 818,478,175 1,5S8,9
7,526
1891. 339,769,78(ì 2!1
,291 ,6.54 632,OG1,440 1913 755,316,516 613,256,!)52 1,531,830,692 1
1892 344,400,2S2 30;',120,200 G4f',520,4S:? 1!)14 853,110,653 782,402,638 1,808,820,7ül 1
IS93 371,
77,2
7 307 ,225 ,
S
G79, 10
, 17.=} In15 847,
1,101 851,724,9U,j 1,875,81O,8R8 1
1894. 3Gl,7GO,50S 327,003,803 6
8,764,311 1916 847,979,443 Rm
,861,44!} 11,893,125,7741
1895 :36 1. 44!) ,500 3:30,7
5 ,54G (ì92,n5,13G 1917 872 ,829 ,9!J3 8!16,OU5,116 1,985,U9,mn l
IR96
ßl,075,340 336,137,601 ß97,212,941 1918 877,600,613 905,!)94,999 11.9mJ,880,4!'41
1897
67,611,041', 34:-',834,086 716,44.5,134 1919 878,101,113 91-l,S23,515 2,009,209,510 1
I

1JncIuding ('on
olidatfd dpb.ntur('
t(,(,h of t} (' (
rac':
n J f( ifc .P2il"ay, ..IC3,257.
24
in 1913, n73.307,470 in 1914, n76.
F4,Hi:! in 1915 3rd 1916.

16,

4Jf2 in lU7, lUh, 31 d It 19.

.

462

TRA!v.sPORTATIO
V AND COJflJIUl\T/CATIOl\TS

4.-
liIeage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of S t
arn Railw3)'S, 1919.

Name of Rail way.

Alberta Central.. .. ... . . ..
Algoma Eastern...........
Alberta Southern (aband.)
Algoma Central and Hud-
son Bay... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Atlantic, Quebec and
Western.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alberta and Great Water-
ways....................
Bedlington and Nelson
(abandoned, tracks re-
moved). . . . . . . . . . .
British Yukon. ...
Bruce Mines and Algoma..
Brandon, Saskatchewan
and Hudson Bay........
Canada and Gulf Terminal
Canada Southern... . . . . . . .
Canadian National:-
Intercolonial... .........
Prince Edward Island...
International of N .Boo. . .
St. John and Quebec... . .
TranscontinentaL... ... .
Elgin and Havelock.....
Moncton and Buctouche.
Salisbury and Albert....
St. Martins.... . . . . . . . . . .
York and Carleton......
Canadian Northern... . . .
Canadian Pacific including
leased lines.... .. . . . . ... . .
Cape Breton..............
Caraquet and Gulf Shore..
Central Canada...........
Central Ry. Co. of Canada
Central Vermont... ... ....
Colchester Coal & Ry. Co.
Crows Nest Southern_. . . .
Cumberland Railway and
Coal Co... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Detroit River Tunnel. . . . .
Dominion Atlantic........
Eastern British Columbia
Edmonton, Dunvegan and
British Columbia.......
Essex TerminaL..........
Esquimalt and Nanaimo..
Fredericton and Grand
Lake.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grand Trunk Pacific.. . . . .
(including branch lines)
Grand Trunk..... . . . . . . . . .
Hereford.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
International Bridge Coy..

Miles
operated.

1'\0.

89.45

347.80
103.08

113.20

101.12

60.45
35.80
380.54
1,592,72
278.87
109. 72
120.35
2,001'15
26.27
30.18
44.93
28.80
6.25
9,358,49
13,294,60
31.00
84.78
48.50
125.20
74.18
32.00
2.72
274.16
14.00
406.80
21.00
199.20

Capital.

$

5,940,200

20,632,800
6,598,675
7,450,000 I

1,000,000
4,978,879

2,150,000
1,340,000
37,630,000

94,900
310,000
400,000
189,000
105,000
428,433,090
619,270,130
1,000,000
1,750,000
2,625,000
2,964,615
4,295,000

21,000,000
8,431,499
420,000
9,670,000
720,000
7,332,000

35.00 605,000
2,714.28 216,512,540
3,567.07 428,375,844
53.06 1,600,000
2,012,260

Aid I
paid up.
I
4
4,380 I
812,648
113,694

2,248,324

902,800

105,338

230,654
521,559
927,616 1
1,006,080
928,298
203,153 3
196,100
554,3913
229,213 3
58,143
38,731,261
65,461,733 2
306,000
499,649
272,030
30,145
12,800

213,510

3,358,422

125,203
1,520,560
216,576
7,090,036

12,993,059
254,786

Earnings.

$

1,125,409

2,283,860
201,122
129,714

168,994

45,159
96,236
20,719,331
26,977,807
786 621
232,460
138,985
10,395,244
17,637
44,319
62,364
20,053
9,106
48,238,462
162,846,470
22,852
6
24,182
400,061
78,082
158,208

1,509,152
29,697
840,388
161,471
1,062,046
166,810
9,625,769
66,429,147
112,646

Operating
expenses.

$
775,783

1,774,106
225,765
143.647

104,590

198,005
77,900
12,634,970
31,489,686
1,629,440
486,378
209,830
11,111,787
62,391
88,416
135,072
58,283
28,274
49,716,044
130,416,995
28,537
fi
55,215
472,559
327,752
133,487

1,298,512
47,257
780,491
117,453
750,709
125,831
14,99J,287
57,005,32 8
252,70 3

1St. Mary's Bridge Co $30,000, Canada Eastern, $374.840, Drummond County. $438,936,
Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Coo's Ry., $83,840. 2lncludes $10,189,521 paid to the company
for 6,793,014 acres of land relinquished. 3Includes value of used iron rails. 4lncludes $6,263,-
716 paid to the company under the "Implement Clause" by the Dominion Government.
6Did not report.

S1'I..

Lll If.t ILJr'A YS

4.- \lnt'a
l', ('al)Hal, t.arnill'Fs :11)(1 OIH'ralln" 1.\.I)('ns('s of '-'team Uan-"a)"s, 1919- -con.

4ö1

Kame of Railway.

Inverm::-s Rail" ay and
Coal Co. (C.
.H.).. . ...
Kent l\orthern..
Kettlo Yallev. . . .
Koot('nd." ri-n tra!..
h.lonùikè \Iinf's..
Lake Eri{' and 1\orth('rn...
Lake Erie & [)('troit Hi\ t'r
L' A B B 0 m p t ion (roaJ
abandoned).... .. _. . . .. .
Lake Champlain and St
La
H('nce Junc.tion... . . . .
Lotbini
're and
I{'g..\ntic...

Iagan('tawan Hi\.cr.... . . .
)laine Cf'ntral..
.Midland Rail \\ 3} of
Iani-
toba. .... .............

laritime ('oal and Hy.Co.

Iassa" ippi YallC'y.
'Iontreal n.nd .\tlantic..

Iontr('al an.! Province Linp

[orri&)ey, Fernie and

Iichel... . . . . . . . .
Manitoba Great 1\orthern.

I inudie Coal and Hy. Co.
Xapier\.iIle Junction..
X e1son and Fort :-'h('ppard
X

..lt

'.i.c.k
.

I.

dl
New Bruns\\ick and Priß(
('
Ed\\anl Island.... . . ....

ew Wf'stminster Southern
Xorth B.lore, N.B.........
Northern Kew Bruns\\ieb
anù S('aboard.... ..
Kosbonsing and Kipi:--:-in
Otta\\a and Xew "\. ork....
Père
Iarqu('ttc in Canada
Paeific Gr('at Eastern... . .1
Phillip
burg Ry. anù j
Quarry Co. .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Pontiac and Renfrew......
Quebec Briùge and R..'\il-
way Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec Central... . . . . . . . . .
Quebec Oriental.. . . . . . . . . .
Quebec Ry.. Light and
Power Co.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec, Montreal and
Southern..... . . . , . . . .. ..
Quebec and Saguenay. . . . .
Roberval and Saguenay...
Red Mountain... . . . . . . . . . .
Rutland and Noyan.......
Schomberg and Aurora....
Southampton (N.B.)......
St. Clair Tunnel... _.. _ . . .
St. Lawrence and Adiron-
dack.. . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . .
Sydney and Louisburg
(Dom. Coal Co.)........
Temiseouata....... .......
Timiskaming and North-
ern Ontari0 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

'files
operated.
No.
()().91
'27.00
3.35 . 6S
31.81

30.00
1.!H
5.10
6.40
12.00
3.3.46
1
4.40

10.85
91.77

.46
55-42

58.00

4.(8
8.63
19.RO
5.50
56.90
190.13
IbO'27

6.00

277.00
100.00
30.97
192.18
37.00
9.47
3.39

2.24
46.14
71.10
113.00
328.50

Capit1L1.

107,000
13,90.3,000

2,4G6,:?,jO

4,400,000

978,000
50,000

4,SOO,OOO
3,639.600
SOO,OOO
4,2G5,000

1,263,000
2,066,000

bOO,tJOO
2,
4ü,800

600,000
133,000
595.500

2,100,000
5,870,000
45,160,000
164,500

9,615,009
2,214,574

7,000,000
3,260,000
412 600
200,000

3,200,000
2,155,567

4,099.669

Aicl
paid up.

(j-t 1 ,54G
2a6,n4
3,2S4,X!H
1 ,CG.í ,
5(ì
IH7,IS4
320, WI
1,011,351

11,200
2
6,'2S0
'222,000
1:J,5.j2

(I,4
8
10,376

15 ,f'!}'2
314,6'\2

]S,54 t
183,440

414,400
213,149
43,
16
108,160
382,3S4

49,379
31,034
915,170
1,764,162
1,803,084
402,946
1,506,392
248,801
243,917

46,144
81,280
375,000
219,882
169,808
1 , 099,200
2,134,080

"': rnings.

s

a
672,46S

50,C-17

2
,9SG
307,518
122,917
220,S'2!

1,593,406

93,045
27,404
493,441
55,677
78,4G1

1.060
a

3n,772
4,6.50,714
340,552

2,624,543
355,545
166,183
748,322
271,764
10 600
10,040

1,188,982
1,111.584
361,172
2,915,073

Op('mting
('xppnsps.

s

830,043

14,652

27,58]
414,524
8
,836
350,681
1,514,705

97,OR5
168,136
344,772
151,188
104,475

15,381
a

43.5 ,406
2,705,014
516,055

2,ou:J,791
328,951
146,631
860,636
197,453
38.169
11,946

928,963
996,618
306.539
2.772.666

10wned and operated by New Brunswick Government. 21ncludes value of used iron
rails. 3Did not report. "Constructed and operated by Ontario Government Commission.
'General capital of Dominion Coal Co.

464

TRAl\TSPORTATION Al\TD CO.."\;IJfUNICATIONS

4.-1Uileage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Steam Railways, 1919-
concluded.

ame of Rail way. l\liles Capital. Aid Operating
operated. paid up. Earmngs. expenses.
I No. S $ $ $
Thessalon and Northern
(Ont.). . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 6,112 - -
Thousand Islands......... 6.33 110,000 39,840 1 1
Toronto, Hamilton and
Buffalo. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99.95 10,392,500 358,100 2,819,503 2,008,393
Vancouver, Victoria and
Eastern. . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . 269 . 61 23,500,000 - 749,271 1,592,466
Victoria and Sidney, B.C.. 15.97 403,000 - 24,080 32,792
Victoria Terminal Ry. and
Ferry Co. . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . 0.99, 500 - 1,663 2,484
Wabash Ry. Co. in Canada - - - 5,347,815 4,065,986
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,895.6-1'2,009,209,510 161,398,698 382,976,901 341,866,509
I

IDid not report.

5.-Steam Railway Statistirs, 1901-1919.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Miles I Total Ratio of
In Train GrOf
s. Operating expenses
Tear. opera- miles. Passengers. Freight. Earnings. Expenses. to
tion. rpceipts.
No. No. No. Tons. $ $ p.c.
901.. . 18,140 53,349,394 18,385,722 36, m)9, 371 72,808,749 50,368,726 69-0
902.. . 18,714 55,729,856 20,679,974' 42,376,527 83,666,503 57,343,592 68.5
903.. . 18,988 60,382,920 22,148,742' 47,373,417 06,064,527 67,481,524 70.2
904 19,431 61,312,002 23,640,765 48,097,519 100,219,436 74,563,162 74.4
905.. . 20,487 65,934,114 25,288,723 50,893,957 106,467,198 79, 977,573 75.1
906.. . 21,353 72,723,4
2 27,989,782 57,966,713 125,322,865 87,129,434 69.5
907.. . 22,452 75,115,765 32,137,319 63,866,135 146,738,214 103,748,672 70.7
908.. . 22,966 78,637,526 34,044,992 63,071,167 146,91.8,314 107,304,143 73.0
909.. . 24, 104 79,662,216 32,683,309 66,842,258 145,056,336 104,600,084 72.1
910. 24,731 85,409,2-11 35,894,575 74,482,866 173,956,217 120,405,440 69.2
911.. . 25,400 89,716,533 37,097,718 79,884,282 188,733,494 131,034,785 69.4
912.. . 26,727 100,930,271 41,124,181 89,444,331 219,403,753 150,726,540 68.7
913.. . 29,304 113,437,208 1 46,185,968 106,992,710 256,702,703 182, 011,690 70.9
914. .. 30,7Y5 107,895,272 46,702,280 101,393,989 243,083,539 178,975,259 73.6
915. 35,582 93,218
479 46,322,035 87,204,838 199,843,072 147,731,099 73.9
916.. . 37,434 111,075,800 43,503.459] 109,659,088 261,888,654 180,542,259 68.9
917. .. 38,604 115,797,100 48,106,530 1 121,916,272 310,771,479 222,890,637 71.7
918.. . 38, 8791109. 8';7,560 44,948,638 1 127,543,687 330,220,150 273,955,43& 82-9
919.. . 38,896 103,832,835 1 43,754,194 116,699,572 382,976,901 341,866,509 89.2

"Y

6
4
5
o
2

2
o
4
1
2
3
o
o
3
2
4
2
6
7

NOTE.-For the year5 1875 to 1900, ::-;pc Canada Yf.'ar Book: 1916-17, page 434.
] R('"\..i
cd figures.

S7'E'
L
f R.ll Ln
A YS

465

6.-E:arn 'nO's 311(1 Operatlnø' '
tpenst'S of
h':'m Itallwa) s l)l'r mill' ofUIlC al1(1 per train
mI..." 1909-1919.

G rOS;i Opt'rating Xet G ro
s o p<'rati ng
Earnings Exp('lls('s Ea.rnings Earnings ExpenscH
Year.
per III il(' of lin('. p('r train mile.
- I
I S ets S cts I S cts. I$J S
1909. .. . . , . - . . 6.017 89 4.339 53 1,678 36 1.309
1910. . . . .. . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . 7,033 93 4.868 60 2,165 33 2.036 1.409
1911.. . . . .. . 7.430 45 5,1.j8 85 2,271 60 2.103 1.460
1912. . . . . 8,209 07 5.639 4.8 2,569 59 2.173 1.493
1913....... . 8,760 50 6.211 38 2,549 12 '>.'>63 1.604
. . .... I
1914........ ....... . 7.893 60 5,811 83 2,081 77 2.253 1.659
1915. . . .. .. . . . . : I 5,616 41 4,151 57 1.464 84 2.1H! 1.585
1916. .. . ... . . . . . . . 6.943 00 4,823 00 2,120 00 2.35b 1.623
1917........ I 8,051 00 5,774 00 2,277 00 2.683 1.925
I
1918.. ,. ... . I 8,193 00 7,046 00 1,447 00 3'006 1 2.494
1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . , . . 9,846 00 8,789 00 1,057 00 3.682 3.292

?-Dlstributlon of Ol)l'ratlng }
'pen
('s of Sf,t':ml Railwa)'s, 1916-1919.

I terns of
Expenditure.

HH6.

1917.

1918.

1919.

s I p.c. s p.c. S p.c. $ p.c.
"ays and struc-
ture
.......... 36,040,945 19.9b 41,154,19:i 18.4U 51,614,858 18.8-1 b9,034,242 20.19
I
Equipment ..... 35,822,4
4 19.84 46,371,178 20.80 57,304,235 1 20.92 78,397,270 22.93
Traffic expenses.. 5,560,515 1 3.08 6.236.811 2.79 6,342.394 2.32 1 6.545,933 1.91
Transportation.. 93.067.4k5 1 51.55 117,599,23U 52'76146.fì60,355 1 53'52 172,550,923 50.47
General expenses 10,050,830 5.57 11,529,219
i 12,033, 594 1 4 ,40 15,338,141 4.50
Total. . . . . .. 180,512, 259 1 100. OOI2

,8
IO, 63YOO. 00 1
73,955,4361100 'OO I 3U, SG6,509(00' 8t

1
!27-30

466

TRAJ.iSPORTATION AND COJf
[UNICATIONS

8.-!lileage and Rolling Stock of Steam Railways, 1914-1919.

.
Mileage and Equipment. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
-
Mileage and Engines. No. No. No. No. No. No.
Miles in operation....... . . 30,795 35,582 37,434 38,604 38,879 38,896
Miles of sidings. '. . . . . . . . . 7,560 7,852 8,456 9,224 9,294 9,392
Miles of steel rails in main
line. . . . .'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,795 35,582 37,434 38,604 38,879 38,896
Miles of stf'el rails in
double track.......... 2,293 2,451 2,489 2,481 2,523 2,543
Engines in use. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,447 5,486 5,490 5, 626 5,756 5,879
Passenger Cars.
First class................ 2,167 2,213 2,187 2,168 2, 172 2, 172
Second class. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 627 632 706 687 595 618
Com bination. . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 486 409 418 406 396
Emigrant....... . ... """ 466 509 519 534 568 701
Dining. . . . . . . "" "" """ 204 215 215 216 196 203
Parlour. . . . . . . . . .. . 130 138 138 155 166 164
Sleeping. . . . . . . . . . .......... .. 500 538 556 562 555 550
Baggage, express and
postal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,378 1,457 1,458 1,462 1,514 1 ,513
Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 138 138 175 204 195
.
Freight Cars.
Box. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146,607 145,307 144,696 145,290 150,074 153,520
Flat..................... . 26, 151 25,315 25,542 25,322 23,414 24,768
Stock... . ........ ................ 7,589 7,638 7,775 7,883 8,556 9,189
Coal. . . . .. . . .................. -.... 15,955 15,703 15,598 15,649 16,949 18,375
Tank. . . . . . . ...... .. . . 496 563 416 731 485 419
Refrigerator. . .. . . . . 4,716 4,713 4,740 5,234 5,893 6,022
Other. . . . . . . . . 2,676 2,551 2,847 3,390 3,664 4,965

9.-Commodities hauled as Freight on Steam Railways, 1915-1919.

Products. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Tons. Tons Tons. Tons. Tons.
Products of Agriculturc-
Grain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . 9,159,793 18,957,627 16,4Dl,090 13,985,361 11,285,463
Flour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . 2,514,609 3,184,922 3,374,965 3,919,476 3,051,415
Other mill products.... . 1,486,665 1,685,147 1,684,176 1,722,985 1,534,421
Hay........... ............ .. 1,211,835 1,323,954 1,042,395 1,522,626 1,650,194
To bacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,580 47,69 L 1 44,482 51 , 252 56,508
Cotton................ _. 108, 877 143,950 154,256 34!), 385 170,657
Fruit and vegetables. . . . 1,474,314 1 , 299,063 1,649,779 1,604,126 1, 76Y, 150
Other products of agri-
culture. .... . . . _ . . . . . . . 391,236 463,354 686,311 722,459 617,655
Products of animals-
Live stock.. _ _" ....... . 1,387,103 1,428,887 1,554,560 1,515,471 1,752,176
DreES3d meats.. . . . . . . . . 608,062 630,902 645,094 764,121 1,073,921
Other packing house
products.............. 395,364 I 615,7l1 596,349 644,023 946,949
Poul try, game and fish. . 282,856 360,892 373,514 424,728 550,115
.

S'l'HAJf R.tILn
1Y8 467

9.- ("oJlullodltlcs hauled as .. rt'lght 011 Sft'.uu n..ih\a) s, 1915-191' cOllcluù('ù.

Products. I HH5. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
!
Ton
. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.
Products of animals-con.
,y 001. . . . . . _ . . . . . . _ . . . . 41,156 105,912 62,456 90,455 73,557
lIid('s and leather.. 211,411 277 ,5
0 24tt,7tt4 250,713 281,055
Other prooucts of ani-
mals. . . . . . . . . ..... . 430,705 486,395 4tt9, 120 559,821 596, 14:"
Products of mines-
.Anthraci tC' coal. . . . . . . . . . 6,477,642 7 ,057,62
7,623,874 9,033,037 7, ,)61, -135
Bituminous coal. ..... . . . 16,1I4,4S0 1
, 12
,S3.5 21, 7R2, 4B4 25,076,OOR 2:J,440,474
Coke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,171,427 1,772,S54 1, f..! 1 , 44H 1,735,596 1 , 3.14 , G!l7
Orcs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,524,211 5,61O,54S 5,570,215 5,491 ,452 4,OS4,H&t

tonC', I:)and, etc.. . . . . . . . 4,841,415 3,ROl,R74 3,910,562 3,S50,S55 3,402,GRI
Other products of mincs. 998,360 1,484,34:5 2,006,054 2,002,543 1,76.5,570
Products of forcsts-
LuInber................ . 7,

,
S.) 8,551,Os7 10,100,749 10,478, !llI!) 9,955,8mS
Othcr products of for{'sts 5,990,670 8,007,442 8, !'89, 933 10,372,485 11,2!.18,507

IanuflLctures-
Petroleum and other oil

ûS,214 1,117,315 1,414,ROO I, ():J6, 594 2,035,899
Sugar. . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 707,714 744,861; 71J7, 763 912,113 8H9,n
4
Kaval stor{'
... . . . . . . . 2
,961
1, 76>> 10S,H58 133, 16
GG, I
9
Iron, pig and bloom..... 4SS , 21t.i 1,2:59,34:3 1,72.3,24U 1,745, ;)S:3 1,460,466
Iron and steel rail
. . . . . . 450,764 7 4
', qtl3 1,100,245 1,104,996 1-,475,576
Castings and machinery. 8!11,063 1,316,572 1,920,301 1, 9Y7 ,184 1,638,116
Bar and shC'et metal... . . ß.15, 150 1,213,797 1,562,313 1,784,22b 1,544,77Y
Cement, brick and lime. 2,419,240 2,216,
(j.", 2,G!I
,166 2,192,
U8 1,8S:J,550
Agricultural implemcnt;:, 2S5,4ttl 3ûli,461 469,142 529,677 469,230
Wagons, carriages, tools
etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339,749 516,3ß
672 , 9:J9 566,720 567,194
Wines, liquors and beers. 247,944 269,271 218,977 223,350 193,091
Household goods and
furniture. . . . . . . . . . 2U5, 196 366,399 438,483 499,751 443,875
Other manufactures. . . . . 4,9

,391 6,648,762 8,7!)5,971 9,036,745 8, 164, 13

Merchandise. . . . ... . . . 5,272,163 4,6:?2, 224 6,070,858 5,047,616 4,421,320
Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . .. . 2,393,123 2,748,3ttS 3, 151 , 203 3,952,872 3,362,320

:'U1\I
1 un.-.

Proùucts of agriculturc.. 16,3S5,909 27,105,711 25,127,454 23,877,670 20, 135 , .fû3
Products of animals... 3,35G,657 3,906,359 3,980,8S7 4,249,332 5,274,216
Products of mines...
3, 127 ,5:
j 37,S50,084 42,534,6:
7 47,189,491 41,40U,821
Products of forests.. . . . . . 13,976,5.55 16,558,529 19,090,782 20,851,454 21,254,405

Ianuractures........ 12,5
6,393 16,867,783 21,921,307 22,362,807 20,842,027
M orchandise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,272,163 4,622,2
4 6,070,858 5,047,616 4,421,320
Miscellaneous. ... .. .. 2,393,123 2,748,3f)8 3,151,203 3,952,372 3,362,320
To tats. . . . . . . . . . . ., 87,20-1,838' 109,659,088 121,916,372 127,5-13,687 1 116,699,572

1 Includes as not distributC'd, 106,503 ton
in IfH5, 39,244 tons in 1917 and 12,945 ton:. ill
HH8.

1
t:!ì-301

.

468

TRANSPORTATION AND, COJl,!llIUNICATIONS

IO.-Summary Analysis of Statistics of Passenger and Freight Services and Receipts,
1910-1919.
PASS"'NCERS.

Number of
Number of Passengers Average
Number of carried
Year. Passengers Passengers one mile Receipts
carried. carried per mile per passenger
one mile. of line. per mile.
No. No. No. c.
1910. . . . . a o. . . 35,894,575 2,466,729,664 99,742 1.866
1911. . . . 37,097,718 2,605,968,924 102,597 1.944
1912.. . . '" 41,124, 181 2,910,251,636 108,888 1.943
1913... . . . 46,185,968 3,265,656,080 111,353 1.973
1914. . . . 46,702,280 3,089,031,194 100,309 2.007
1915. . . . 46,322,035 2,483,708,745 69,802 2.021
1916... . . . 43,503,459 2,727,122,648 72,611 1.954
1917.. _ _.... . . 48,106,530 3,150,127,428 79,829 1.946
1918........ . .... 44,948,638 3,190,025,682 82,050 2.122
1919............ ....... 43,754,194 3,074,664,369 79,048 2.557
Passenger
Average Average Average revenue
Year. Receipts passenger passengers per
per journey per train. passenger
passenger. in miles. train mile.
-
S Miles. No. S
1910.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.282 69 59 1.313
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.360 70 60 1.348
1912.. ..... _......... . . 1.375 71 62 1.390
1913................ ., . 1.394 7I 62 1.223
1914.................. . 1.328 66 59 1.185
1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.083 54 50 1.016
1916. .................... . 1.083 55 53 1.042
1917........... . . .., . . . 1.140 59 59 1.160
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.322 63 64 1.352
1919.................. . 1.797 70 63 1. 614

FREIGHT.
Tons
Tons of Tons of carried one Freigh t
Year. Freigh t Freight mile per receipts
carried. carried mile of per ton
one mile. line. per mile.
Tons. Tons. Tons. c.
1910....... . 74,482,866 15,712,127,701 635,321 0.739
1911. . . 79,884,282 16,048,478,295 631,829 0.777
1912.. . 89,444,331 19,558,190,527 731,776 0.757
1913.. . 106,992,710 23,032,951,596 785,820 0.758
1914...... . 101,393,989 22,063,294,685 716,359 0.742
1915.. . 87,204,833 17,661,309,723 496,355 0.751
1916. . . . . _ 109,659,088 28,195,364,264 753,202 0.653
1917.. . 121,916,272 31,186,707,851 807,948 0.690
1918.. . 127,543,687 31,029,072,279 798,093 0.736
1919........ . ............. . 116,699,572 27,724,397,202 712,783 0.962
Average Revenue
Receipts Average Average number per
Year. per ton length of train load freight tons freigh t
hauled. freight haul in tons. }..er loaded train
in miles. car. mile.
S Miles. Tons. Tons. S
1910. ............... ....... 1.560 311 17.13 2.316
1911. 1.561 305 16.91 2.376
'912. ... .......... ". 1.655 325 17.87 2.494
i913. 1.636 216 342 19.01 2.595
1914. 1.614 217 353 19.18 2.619
1915.. . 1.520 202 344 18.43 2.279
1916. 1.679 257 411 20.91 2.686
1917. 1.766 256 436 22.24 3.006
1918. .. .. . . . . . .. . 1.789 243 457 23.09 3.359
1919... . . . . ......... .. 2.286 238 442 23.46 4.256

Sl'HA.JI R.t/LUrA rs

G9

11.- Xumbt'r uf
t('am Ualh\ay t;mplo)ees, .\mount of 8alarl('s and "'a
('s. and
Ratios of the latter to Gross Earnings and Ol)eratln
Expenses. 1907-1919.

Salaries Ratio to Uatio to
Y car. Employees. and gross operating
wages. earnings. expent)es.
No. S p.c. p.c.
1907. 124,012 5S,719,493 40.01 56.60
1908. 106,404 60,376,607 41.09 56.26
1909. 125,105 63,216,662 43.58 60.43
HHO. 1
3,7G8 67,167,793 38.61 55.78
l
lll. 141,2
4 74,613,738 39.53 56.94
1!112. 155,901 94,237.623 39.79 57.92
1913. 178,6.')2 115.749,825 45.09 6J.59
H114. 15H,H2 111,762.H72 45.97 62.43
1913. 124,H2 90,215,727 45.15 61.09
1916. 144.770 104,300,647 39.82 57.95
IfH7. H6,175 129.6
6, 187 41.85 58.34
1918. 143,4!J3 152,274.H53 46.14 55.59
1919.. . I.1S,777 208,939,995 54.56 61.12

12.-ÅI'l.as of Laud
ubsidh.s
rautt"(1 to sh'am R
,iI\\a)s bJ' flU" Oomiuioll and I-ro-
\Iudal (;oH'rnlUl'nh III) to June 30, 1919.

By the Dominion GovernmC'nt to
Alberta Raih\ßY and Irrigation Co....
Alberta Great ,rater" ays Railway Co...
Canadian Pacific. main line...
Cal
ary and Edmonton Railway Co..
Great North "cst Central Raih\ay Co..
)Ianitoba !\orth Western H.aih\ay Co...
::\Ianitoba South Western Colonization Railv.ay Co
Saskatchev.an and Western Rail"ay Co...
C.P.R. Pipestone Extension Souris Branch.
C.P.R. Souris Branch...
Canadian N ational-
Formerly Lake '1\lanitoba and Canal Co..
Canadian North Western Railway Co... .
Canadian Korthern Alberta Railway Co...
Canadian Korthern ::\Ianitoba Railway Co. . . . . .
Formerly Manitoba and
outh Eastern Railway Co.. -., _
Qu'Appelle Lon
Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Co....
Canadian Northern Rail way Co... ........ ....... . . . . . . . .
Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia Railway Co.... . . . . . . . .
Grand Trunk Paci fic. .
Total by nonunion Go\ernment....... .

Acres

1,114,368
274
18,207,224
2,108,738
320,000
1,501,529
l,3U6,800
98,b80
200,320
1,408,704
798,400
338
537
73
680,320
1,879,987
2,643,934
2761
21
32,361,208

Quebec........ .
British Columbia...
New Brunswick. . . _
Nova Scotia......
Ontario.. ....

By Provincial Governments:

13,324,950
8,119,221
1,647,772
160,000
624,232

Total by Pro\inclal Governments..... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . 23,876,175
Total area of Dominion and Prodncialland grants to &team rail-
,,-a).s.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,237,383

470

TRANSPORTATIO..V AlvD CO.L1JJ;JUNICATIO-.VS

13.-Aid to Railways in the form of Guarantees 'of Bonds, Interest, etc., by tilt"
Dominion and Pro\'incial Governments up to June 30, 1919.

Authorized. Bonds Guarantees
Government. executed. earned.
$ $ $
Dominion.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 189,6ß6,539 '183,532,523 183,532,523
Manitoba..... .. '" . ........................ .... ...... 25,663,553 25,663,553 25,663,553
Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ ........................ .. 59.495,900 46,685,969 46,685,969
Saskatchewan...... .. 47,725,000 28,582,012 23,170,661
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .... .... .... .............. .... 7,860,000 7,860,000 7,860,000
British Columbia... 68,135.000 60,317,524. 51,048,665
New Brunswick............ " .. ............ .......... ...... 7,763,000 7,763,000 6,431,562
Que bee... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ............ 280,000 280,000 280,000
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406,588,992 360,681,581 &14,672,933

It.-Analysis of the tot:.. Financial Aid gÏ\'en to Steam Railwa)'s up to June 30, 1919.

By the Dominion Government.

By Provincial Governments.

Cash subsidies......... .... . .llll.7
l.543
Loans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 58,076,533
Paid to Quebec Government... .1 5,160,053
Cost of lines handed over to
C.P.R. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 37,785,319

Cash subsidies.. . , . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Loans.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subscriptions to shar
s... .. . . . .

$
30,674,199
7,197,030
300,000

Total.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

38,171,229

By.Municipalities.

Cash subsidies...... .... . ..... .
Implement Clause of Grand Loans... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trunk Pacific... .. " ... .. .. " 6,263,715 Subscriptions to shares.... " . . .

12,670,838
2,404,498
2,839,500

Total.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 ,911,836

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . .

219,011,163

Grand Total... . . . . . . . . .

215 163 228

15. -Total Amount of Dominion (
o'ernrnent Aid paid to SteaDl Railwa)'s up to
June 30 of each Year, 1901 1919.

Paid by Total aid
Capi tal Dominion paid to
of Aid to Govern- Railways
Year. Govern- Other ment other than Grand
ment Railways. to Quebec Govern- Total.
Rail ways. Govern- ment
ment. Rail ways.
$ $ $ $ $
1901... .. . . . . . . .. . . . . 68,097,799 108,205,453 1,975,050 110,225,503 178,323,302
1902.... . . . . . . . . 72,910,445 110,229,341 2,094,750 112,324,091 185,234,536
1903..... . . . . . 76,290,546 111,576,663 2,214,450 113,791,113 190,081,ß59
1904... . . . . . .... . ..o. . 78,870,281 113,541,518 2,334.150 115.875,668 194,745,949
1905.... .. ... . 84,193,801 114.701,648 2,442,864 117,145,512 201,339,313
1906... . . . ... . 88,454,383 115,923,722 2,550,594 118,474,316 206,928,699
1907.... . . ..... . 90,387,853 126,169,324 2,658,324 128,827,648 219,215.501
1908... . . . . . _ . 95,273,779 130,283,322 2.766,054 133,049,376 228,323,155
1909.... . . 95,714,248 130,389,934 5,160,053 135,549,988 231,264,236
1910... . 100,738,439 146,932,180 - 146,U32,180 247,670,619
1911..... ..................... ............ 101,595,694 148,217,072 - 148,217,072 249,812,766
1912... . . . . 103,434,184 154,075,235 - 154,075,235 257,509,419
1913... . . . . . . " . 105,929,173 163,251,469 - 163,251,469 269,180,642
1914... ............... ... . . ......... . 111,956,203 178,834,529 - 178,834.529 290,790,732
1915... . . . . . . 118,717,647 183,479,193 - 183,479,193 302,196,840
1916.. . ............................... ... . . 127,077,098 184,719,628 - 184,719,628 311,796,726
1917....... .. .. " . .. . 132,577,693 185,493,914 - 185,493.914 318,071,607
1918... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... .. 153,537,992 218,714,318 - 218,714.318 372,252,310
1919... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ./164,933.977 219,077,163 - - 2HJ,077,163 384,011,140

NOTE.-For the years 1876 to 1900, see Canada Year Book, 1916-17, page 436.

STEA J! R l/LJT A YS

171

16. -Cost of Construction. "orkin
1:1.p('ns('s and Ue\('nue of (
O\ernnlent Itaitwa)s.
IS6S-1' 00 and 1901-1919. and bl'for(' ('ollft.'deratioll.

n
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

I CObt W orki
Surplu
(+)
Year. of con- Revenup.2 and
struction. E'\':pen
c8.2 deficit (-).
..
S $ S $
dore Confcdt'ration.. 13,8S1,-I61 - - -
SG')-1900. 110. 7st ,H
O 81,391,472 73,2:!6,382 -8,1fi5,OnO
90!. ... 3,922,!)89 5,n9,0.)
5,213,:
SI -5
5,671
!l02. .. . 5,3"6,611 5,S61,OH!I 5 ,!I1S ,!190 +57,
ml
903. . .. 3,OS:J,6"1 6,474,134 6,5
4,59!ì + llO,'tü,")
!)()4. . . . . 2,6H),060 7,59),!159 6,6
7,25ß -U72.70:3
90,") . . . . 6,125,482 8,906,154 7,0,")0,892 -1,S55,:!ü

906... . 6,102,566 7,8!)3,653 7,950,55:3 +56,!lOJ
!l07 (9 1ll0
). . 7,174,370 6,32S,146 ü,509,18ü +1\0,44()
!.I()S. . 2..3,ü84,005 9,5\1.3,295 9,5:
4.56!J -60,72 j
909. . 2U,414,227 9,7Ü4,5S7 8,
!.I4,420 -
70,167
910. . . 21,505,976 9,095,9U-t 9,ü-17,96-1 +5,")2,060
Ul!.... 24,5
2,.Hiû 1O,037,.
79 1O,249,:3!1-1 +211,51;)
912.... 23 ,108 ,
Oü 11,074,.....53 11 ,O:
4, 160 -40,fi
7
913.... 17,37.3,
)68 12,4!J!J,!J2û 12,H
,20:3 -;)7,723
914... . 21,ü2
,0!1;) 13,5,")!1,225 13,3!J4,317 -lü4,!J08
915. . 21,8G5,66 12,474,454 12,H!J,357 -325,097
916. . .. 21,1,");) ,2.3,) I!), 407,380 18,427,909 -979,471
917... . 12,OO:3,ü50 25,7U5,907 2:3,539,759 - 2,2.>ü,148
91S. . . . 34,6.11),417 3:3,400,460 27,240,!157 -6,1;-)9,50:3
91
.. .. . . . . . . . . . 40,193,lbl 43,8S!J,G26 38,013,726 -5,b75,900
1'ot31 .........................1 -153,551.010 I :UO,7
. ,76.) 313,6-19,9
n -27,139,78.;

ILess "40,000 received from St. John City for thl' Carleton Branch raih\ay=S-1.33,514,u40.
Cost of Quebpc Brid
c not included. 2ln{'ludes \\ indsor Brandl.
NarE.-For the years 18GS to 1900,
c Canada '\ ear Book, 1916-17, page 437.
17.- t'aI>itaJ E\pendlture b). Dominion (;o\('rnm('nt for (.onstruction of Gournment
Sh'aJD ltail\\3)S to Jlart."h 31, 1919.

IbilwaYR.

$

Int.ercolonial.... . . . .. . . . . . . . .
Sow forming parts of the Intercolonial:
Cape Breton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Úxford and KC\\ Glasgow..
Eastern E'\':ten
ion. . . . . . . . .
Drummond County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)Iontreal and European Short Linp
Canada l:astern. ............
Canadian Governl1lCnt Railwaysl.... .
Prince Ed ward Island... . . . . . .
National TranscontinentaL..
Canadian Pacific... . . . . .. . _ . . . .
Annapolis and Digby.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . .
Yukon Territory Works (Stikinc-Teslin Ry.).
Carleton Branch. . . . . . . _ .
Hudson Bay Railway... .. .... ... .....
International Railway of Xpw Bnmsv.ick. . .......
Kew Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Hailway...
Quebec and 8aguenay Ry.......
Governor-General's Cars. . . . . . .. . .
European and North American Ry......
. Nova Scotia Rv........ . ..
Elgin and Havèlock Ry _...
Moncton and Buctouche Ry.......
Salisbury and Albert Ry.
St.
Iartins Ry... .. ....
York and Carleton Ry. . _ . .
Canadian Northern Ry.......
Miscellaneous Expenditure. . . .
Quebec Bridge. . .
Grand Total. . . . .. . . .
JRolling
tock purchased HH7-1S-1a.

I
fi, 003, 4ü!.l

3,SHU,6ï9
] , !J4
J, Uti3
I:3
4,U43
1,464,000
:3:
3, 943
81U,UCO
37,160,4ü8
12,5ü2,310
16,"),128,742
û::!,7b!},776
6ÜO,683
283,324
48, 410
20,7nü,445
90,
82
517,ü55
ü,549,8U6
71,53!J
88,363
208,510
47,210
37,830
42,305
34,566
. .. I 7, 250
9,733,333
18,345
14,832,624
"68,361,663

472

TRANSPORTATION AND COJ.1;IJIUNICATIONS

IS.-Number of Passengers, Ernplo).ees and Others Killed and Injured on Steam
Railways, 1888-1919.

Passengers. Employees. Others. Totals.
Year.
Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured.
1888-1900.... . . . . . . . . 176 966 1,104 8,459 1,661 1,785 2,941 11,210
1901. . . . . . . . . . . 16 135 118 970 183 212 317 1,317
1902... . . . 14 176 152 932 164 220 330 1,328
1903. . . 53 258 186 945 181 250 420 1,453
1904. ........ .o.. . 25 234 192 912 178 259 395 1,407
1905. ................ 35 244 208 919 225 194 468 1,355
1906. ... . . . . . . . . . . 16 233 139 8;}O 206 242 361 1,365
1907............. . 70 355 259 1,569 269 228 598 2,152
1908................ . 28 345 224 1,793 184 222 436 2,360
1909................ . 36 281 209 1,679 260 226 505 2,186
1910.. . .. .. .. ....... 62 279 295 1,605 258 255 615 2, 139
1911.......... ..... " 28 297 227 2,715 236 317 493 3,329
1912..... .. .. .... 48 493 234 2,924 288 363 568 3,780
1913...... . . . . .. . 41 667 324 3,407 377 498 742 4,572
1914.... . . . . . ... .. ... 27 415 224 3,161 349 463 600 4,039
1915....... .. " ...... 17 336 115 2,573 247 362 379 3, 271
1916................ . 20 309 174 4,332 274 337 468 4,978
1917............. .... 24 438 209 4,596 219 401 452 5,435
1918............. .... 32 344 178 5,352 200 393 410 6,089
1919........ . ....... .o.. 36 307 174 5,432 176 412 386 6, 15 I
Total. . _ . _ _ . . . . . 80! 7,112 4,9!5 55,165 ",135 7,639 11,884 69,916

NOTE.-For the years 1888 to 1900, see Canada Year Book, 1916-17, page 443.

19.-Number of Persons KiIled and Injured on Stearn Railways, 191'1-1919.

(A) IN ACCIDENTS RESULTING FROM MOVEMENT OF TRAINS, LOCOMOTIVES OR CARS.

Descriptions of Persons. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured. Killed. Inj ured .
Passengers. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 410 32 322 34 296
Employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 1,909 154 1,868 151 1,860
Trespassers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 124 129 140 112 133
Non-trespassers......... . ... .., . . ., . " 64 193 64 173 60 177
Postal clerks, expressmen, etc..... . . . . 4 46 4 46 2 80
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 2,682 383 2,54.9 359 2,546
Description of Accident-
Coupling and uncoupling............. 16 187 9 182 11 172
Collisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 239 34 198 18 159
Derailments. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 203 12 162 19 275
Parting of trains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . - 50 2 32 - 35
Locomotives or cars breaking down. 1 31 - 27 3 47
Falling from trains or cars. . . . . , . . . . 41 358 22 336 30 306
Jumping on or off............. .. ., .. 31 310 34 310 22 317
Struck by trains, etc...... . . . . . . . . . . 256 356 233 385 206 385
Overhead obstruction............... 4 32 3 35 5 31
Other causes........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 916 34 882 45 819
Total........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 2,682 383 2,54:9 359 2,546

S1'HAJI R
1/J..1J'
1 rs

473

19. :\umbt'r of ..crsons klll('d and InjurNI on Steam n.&llwa)'s, 1917-1919-
coneludl'd.

(D) Ix
\CCIDEXTS OTHER THAN THOBE H.ESULTI
G FRO
I MOVEMENT OF TRAINS, LOCOMOTIYES
OR CARS.

Description of Persons. 1917. HU8. 1919.
I KiJ!t'd._'lnjured. Killed.llnjured.
' Kilh'd. 'Injur('d
Stationmen. I - 3il 3 434 3 428
Shopmcn. .1 7 952 4: IJ18
8 1,449
Trainmcn and Trackmen .1 8 6503 6 79b 6 970
Othcr cmploycc:>>. .1 17 711 11 1,064 6 725
Pa8:)Cng('rb. . . . . . i - 28 - 22 2 11
Others ..... I 1 38 3 34 2 22
Total ..... I 33 2,;
27 3,ã10 27 3,605
Ð('s('ript ion of
\ccidcnt-
Handling traffic. . . . . . . . . 1 4:H 2 516 1 450
Handling tool
, ma.chin('Q'. de"..... . I:J 91
3 1,197 2 1,558
Handling
uppli('s..... . 2 3!J3 - 4.30 3 612
Gctting on or off enginps or ca.rs.. . . . - 1:;0 1 154 - 172
Othcr cau::-cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
78 21 1 , 22:J 21 813
Total. . . .1 33
--
I 27 3,510 27 3,605
. . . . . . . ..,Ia.
I

}:I..
('TRI(, U.\H..W.\ lOS.

Durine; IB19 the total capitalliaLility of electric raihvays, ,vhich
for the most part consist of urban street trannvays, was increased
froln '3167,253,093 to 171,894,536. Of this amount, ;S93,042,368
are in stocks, and ....78,852,188 are in funded debt. The nUlnber of
fare passengers carried in 1919 \vas ü86,124,263. Comparison cannot
be made ,,-ith the previous year, o\ving to the onlÌssion of facts relating
to the l\Iontreal Tram,,-ays and several other units, so that
1917 figures will be u5ed for comp
rison. The freight hauled
in 1919 was 2,474,802 tons, as conlpared \vith 2,335,539 tons
in 1917. Gross earnings were 535,696,532 as against $30,237,664
in 1917, and operating expenses were :326,839,071, against
20,098,634
in 1917. These and other particulars, \vith cOlllparative figures, are
set out in Tables 20-24. The number of employees in the service of
electric railways on June 30, 1919, was 17,242, as compared with
11,696 in 1917. The total salaries and \vages for the year 1919 were
817,210,852, as against
9,451,685 in 1917. The total mileage of
electric raihvays computed as single track in 1919 \vas 2,400, as
compared ,vith 2,278 in 1917.

474

TRAJ.lSPORT AT/ON A1VD CO;:
flviUJ.//CAT/OJ.VS

20.-Electric Railway Statistics, 1901-1919.

I Miles
year.j in Total
Opera- Car
tion. Mileage.
Miles. l\Iiles.
1901.. . 674.58 31,750,754
1902... 557.59 35,833,841
1903.. . 759.36 38,028,529
1904.. . 766.50 42,066,124
1905.. . 793. 12 45,959,101
1906. . . 813.74 50,618,836
1907.. . 814.52 53,361,227
1908. .. 992.03 56,964,881
1909.. . 988.97 60,152,846
1910.. . 1,047.07 65,249,166
1911.. . 1,223.73 72,618,806
1912.. . 1,308.17 82,070,064
1913.. . 1,356.63 89,005,216
1914.. . 1,560.82 98,917,808
1915. 1,5DO.29 96,964,829
1916.. . 1,673.77 82,516,612
1917.. . 1,743.54 84,073,046
1918.. . 1,616.36 1 84,435,323 1
1919.. . 1,6
6'52 106,961,607

Ratio
Gross Working of expen-
Passengers. Freight. Earnings. Expenses. ses to
receipts.
No. Tons. $ $ p.c.
120,934,656 287,926 5,768,283 3,435,162 59.55
135,681,402 266,182 6,486,438 3,802,855 58.63
155,662,812 371,286 7,233,677 4,472,858 61.83
181,689,998 400,161 8,453,609 5,326,516 63.01
203,467,217 510,350 9,357,125 5,918,194 63.25
237,655,074 506,024 10,966,871 6,675,037 60.87
273,999,404 479,731 12,630,430 7,373,251 58.38
299,099,309 732,475 14,007,049 8,695,880 62.08
314,026,671 - 14,611,484 8,885,235 60.81
360,964,876 852,294 17,100,789 10,121,781 59.19
426,296,792 1,228,362 20,356,952 12,096,134 59.42
488,865,682 1,435,525 23,499,250 14,266,675 60.71
597,863,801 1,957,930 28,216,111 17,765,372 62.96
614,709,819 1,845,923 29,691,007 19,107,818 64.36
562,302,373 1,433,602 26,922,900 18,131,842 67.35
580,094,167 1,936,674 27,416,285 18,099,906 66.02
629,441,997 2,333,539 30,237,664 20,098,634 66.47
487,365,456 1 2,497,530 1 24,299,890 1 17,535,975 1 72.16 1
686,124,263 2,474892 35,696,532 26839 071 75.18

21.-1Uileage and Equipment of Electric Railways, 1917-1919.

Mileage. 1917. 1918. 1919. Cars.
No. No. No.
PaEsenger cars,
Length of first main closed. . . . . . . .
track. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,743'54 1,616.36 1,636.52 Passenger cars,
open......... .
Length of second Passenger cars,
main track. . . . . . . . . 345.72 453.11 482.36 combination...
Freight cars...
Total length of main Mail, express &
track........... .... 2,089.26 2,069'47 2,178.88 baggage cars..
Combination,
Length of sidings and freight....... .
turnouts.. . . . . . . . . . . 188.70 206.57 220.92 ,,york cars... . . .
Snow ploughs. .
Total, computed as Sweepers... . . . .
single track... . . . . . . 2,277.96 2,276.04 2,399.80 Miscellaneous. .

1917. 1918. 1919.
--
No. No. No.
2,041 2,061 3,077
447 387 538
628 6]8 725
621 703 726
49 39 41
16 15 16
198 186 208
48 52 60
99 91 135
148 162 193

22.-Capital Liability of Electric Railwa)s, 1908-1919.

Stocks. Fundpd Total. 2 Year.
Debt.
$ $ $
50,295,266 37,114,619 87,409,885 1914. .
51,946,433 39,658,556 91,604,989 1915. .
58,653,826 43,391,153 102,044,!}79 1916. .
62,251,203 49,281,144 111,532,347 1917..
70,829,118 52,012,828 122,841,946 1918. .
62,079,767 79,155,864 141,235,631 HH9..

Stocks. I Funded Total. 2
Debt.
$ $ $
66,311,098 81,284,244 147,595,342
66,696,675 83,647,327 150,344,002
67,738,275 87,157,309 154,895,584
70,606,520 90,628,219 161,234,739
73,864,820 93,388,273 167,253,093
93,042,368 7R,852,188 171,894,556

Year

1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.

1
ot including Montreal Tram ways and several other un its.
2Not including $493,346 aid paid by Governments and Municipalities.

/:I.lECTIUC R 1/1.11\ .11 rs

175

3.- - \Iilca
('. ('apital Earlllll
s 211)(1 O))('ratlll f ,. J:\()('IIS('S of .:I('(.frlc Uaih\ .1) S. 1919.

Xame o{ H.ailway.

Milps
opcratpù.

};o.
10.31
l-t . tH
2J.19
245.25
7.00
:>S 5')
1.75
30.j9
JS.(lj
4.00
31.31

? apital. I
S
450,000

)ü,500
9üO,000
17,213,202
200,000
2.3(;5,173
1
6,G6ü
2,455,000
1 ,4.")j, 100
200,000
3,(Ij!), 1 il
üOO,OUO
1,112,000

Brandon )1 unicipal.. .
Brant{orù \1 unicipal... .
Brant{orù and J lamilton.. .
British (;o]UluLia....
Cabi
Bt rpcL.. .
Cal}.!;ary
I uni ipal. . . .
C'anadian nf'SOUf('P
I )pvclopmcnt Co. .
Capf' Breton and lpa
'd linf'
........
('hatham, \\'allaceourg anù LaJ,.,p Eric...
Cornwall Btrpf't... .
Edmonton Hadial.........
Edmonton IntprurLan (not op('ra.tf'd)...
l'ort William. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fort \\ illiam Termina.l H.y. and Brid
e
('0... . . . .
Grand Hiver l ....
Guelph Jbdial... . . . . . . . .
X ova. Scot ia Tram \\ a.ys &: Pm\ ('I' Co.. L td
Hamilton and Dundas.... . . . . . . . . .
Hamilton, Grimsh
and BC
\Ill
yill('....
Hamilton Hadial..
Hamilton Strect.
Hull.... .
IntcrnatiúlUlI Tran:::.it Co.. . . .
I"ingston, Portsmouth and Catar.J.f}ui. .
Kitch('n('r and Waterloo
treet...
Lethbridge
lunicip.J.l.. . .
Lake Eric and N'orthf'rn.
Levis County.. _ . _ .
London :::;tref't. . . _ .
London and J ak(' Eri(' H.y_
London and POI t Stanle\" .. . .
)Ioncton Tram way Co..
.
)Iontreal Tram\\a\"s.... . . . ... . __
)Iontreal and SoutÌlCrn Counties... . . .
)Ioo:::.(.ja\\.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xew Brunswick Po\\er Co..........

1
0I
Strec.t, B.C.............
l\1111
::;mg Central.. ..............
Xingara Falls, Park and Rh.er..... ..
Niag.Lm, St. Catharines and Toronto...
Kiagara, WeIland and Lake Erie...
Oðhawa.....:... .
Ottawa.... .. . ...........
Peterhorough Radial.....
Port Arthur. . . . . . . . .
Pictou County...........
Quebec Railway. Light and })ower Co.
(Citad('] divi
ion)...................... 16'75 }
Qu('bec Rail\\ay, Light and Po\\er Co. 5,775,670 2
(Montmorency division)................ 28.60
Regina
Iunicipal........................ 25.34 1,:>S6,2f.\,..,

and.wich, Windsor and Amherstburg.... 35.13 8!J7,000
Sarma... .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. 8.25 180,000
Sa<jkatoon
Iunicipnl... .. .... 12.63 793,036
Hha\\ inigan 'Falls Terminal... . . . . 3.75 493,800
Sherbrooke Street. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 9.00 2,222,200
St. Thomn., Str('et................... 6.00
5,028
Suburban Rapid Transit (Winnipeg).... 17.25 600,000
Sudbury, Copper Cliff SuburLan... 7.90 265,700
Sydney and Glace Bay..... .. . . 8kO,000
Toronto Strf'{'t... . . . . . . . . 61.78 15,526,253
Toronto Suburban................... 64.62 4,128,000
1 Formerly Kitchener, 'Vaterloo, Wellesley and Lake Huron.
2 Including capital (or lighting, power and gas plants.

19.

IS.j,>
k .O:J
12.62
6.9X
22.60
22.M)
17.40
16.2.;
4.:JO
7.00
3.2,

7.00
51.00
11.75
27.4

29.7,")
24.50
:!.7:!
1:J7-S7
52.20
9.00
14.00
2.13
15.37
11.91
61.70
1.
7
!).OO
26.81
6.91
12.43

125,000
5jl,000
HJ3,OUO
6,k:U
,800
:!OO.OOO
3'\3 OUO
271 : 150
1,.j
5,OOO
2!1
,000
290,000
1
3,100
1:J7,!l7k
4ö.1,4
f)
3,SI7,500
!ì')ó) 1100
l,i
7:4
0
2, "40,000
1,I:n,OOO
1,3
19,400
40,6(1S,UUü
1,noO,Ooo
7H5,372
5,100,000
kl,OOO
530,000
600,000
2,023,000
283,000
58,452
2,271,900
460,123
837,382
600.000

EarnillJ..!;l'\.

$

l:n,799
235,233
3,936,351
.15,521
ü.')3 , ô44
67
311,27S
1ð4,471
45,U37
551,:>11

270,274

4.34,9!)2
X9,471
176,111
162,7S2
X::j,715
231,622
95,:J93
56,5:m
67,489
51 ,
S8
253,938
12!1,224
474,5UO

4!J!I,6.56
20,031
8,645,54)
304,151
1O:J,329
345,074
15,180
104,3U4
131,436
8!J2 732
31:353
172,316
1,4SY,526
76,398
169.740

643,958
235,416
272,941
351,083
78,831
20!) ,55 7
69,00J
65,275
30,924
99,163
53,592
6,647,553
330,909

Ûp<,mting
('Xj)('Il;oo.PS.

S
94,883
144,107
3,:!ü5,3U4
3ü.jOO
469,6
H
8!J4
<)61 8')')
Ï52:U72
37,027
421,516

190,!J54

320,7k:>
72,172
I6S,
75
150,.143
(;.>7,701
175,887
67 ,-IS 1
51,4,")6
4,"), no
5,>,7::.3
1
2,3
O
12x,410
3U3,2
IX

350,741
18,006
6,-I00,hHO
3:3!J,952
99,3:W
3')0 '>4'>
Ï4:767
100,165
101,037
743,000
20,189
101,745
93] ,6-18
75,2:n
122,621

429,559
204,732
234,492
236,133
64,6j8
171,021
78,348
75,268
38,526
109,706
42.932
4,412,518
296,42S

476

TRA1VSPORTATIOJ.V AND COJfJIUNICATIONS

23.-1UUeage, Capital, Earnings and Operating Expenses of Electric Railways, 1919-
concluded.

Miles Capi tal. Earnings. Operating
Name of Railway. operated. expenses.
No. $ $ $
Toronto and York Radial... . . 72.17 3,640,000 796,168 577,422
Waterloo, Wellington Ry. Co........ 3.45 21,600 10 ,042 8,153
'Vindsor, Essex and Lake Shore Rapid.... 36.17 1,500,000 199,001 154,231
Winnipeg, Selkirk and Lake 'Yinnipeg... . . 38.48 1,153,200 152,359 105,407
Winnipeg Street.. . . . . . . . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.80 18,380,000 1 2,364,030 1,782,051
Woodstock, Thomas Valley and Ingersoll 10.00 340,000 23,421 18,479
Yarmouth Street.......... .. ............ 3.00 501,060 1 50,221 15,349
Windsor and Tecumseh.................. 289,000
Schomberg and Aurora............ .. 14.40 550,000 22,368 23,356
Three Rivers Traction Co... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.10 700 700 108,276 66,572
Toronto Civic Railway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.26 2,360,237 375,235 341,800
Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,696. 52 171,891,556 35,696,532 I 26,839,671
1Capitalization covers outside operations.

24.-Number of Passengers, Emplo).ees and others Killed and Injured on Electric
Railways, 189:1-1919.

Year.

PASSENGERS. EMPLOYEES. O'IHERS. TarALs.
Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured. Killed. Injured.

1 23 2 9 9 12 12 44
- 6 - - 2 7 2 13
3 158 1 58 11 98 15 314
9 410 1 33 22 120 32 563
10 504 7 62 22 212 39 778
10 508 3 64 40 272 53 844
30 862 3 87 23 347 56 1,296
11 1,085 2 127 34 441 47 1, 653
27 988 7 216 37 532 71 1,736
18 1,156 6 188 43 539 67 1,883
11 1,303 7 218 50 618 68 2,139
14 1,595 13 227 68 716 95 2,538
11 1,784 8 300 83 586 102 2,670
16 1,950 8 442 86 736 110 3,128
17 1,662 12 392 44 490 73 2,544
9 1,757 13 469 42 581 64 2,807
14 1,554 6 413 44 638 64 2,605
18 1,905 4 305 28 819 50 3,029
11 1,541 10 395 42 792 63 2,728
9 1,451 12 383 56 762 77 2,596
10 1,600 37 621 47 1,290 94 3,511
259 23,802 162 5,009 833 10,608 1,25,1 39, ll9

1894-1899.. .
1900. .
1901.. .
1902..
1903.. __
1904.. .
1905.. . .
1906.. .
1907...... .
1908.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1909.... .
1910.. .
1911.. .
1912.. . .. ....
· 1913.. . . . .
1914... .
1915...... .
1916.......... .. .
1917...... .... . ..
1918...... .........
1919.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totals. . . . . . . . . .

l\'IOTOR VEmCLES.
The use of motor vehicles has increased so rapidly during recent
years that this means of transportation has now become one of the
most important in Canada. In 1904 the number of nlotor vehicles
registered in Ontario ,vas only 535; in 1920 the number was 177,561.
In Quebec province the number has grown frolll 254 in 1907 to 41,562
in 1920. For Saskatchewan the number of registered cars has in-
creased from 8,020 in 1914 to 60,325 in 1920. For Alberta the nUlllber
of registered cars in 1906 was 41; in 1920 the nUlllber was 38,015.
As will be seen from Table 25 there has been in the past few years

1l0TOR
P RlllCLES

477

a J!reat increase in the llulnbcr of 1110tor vehiclcs rcp;istcrpli in each
of tIH' proyinl'es, "hilst the total ntllnber of Inotor vphicles rcgistereù
for all Canada in U)20 is 407,Oö-t- as ("olnpan'd with ()H,5Ut; in lU14,
an increase of 484.
p.c. in (j years. rrhe followinp; is a brief synop
is
of the l:nvs and regulations in force in ('nch province, and rraule 26

ulnlnarizes the le
:ll spced lÌlnits hy proYincc'5 under the varying
conùitions :-ìpccificcl.
Prince Edward Island.-Undcr the l\Iotor "Pehicles .Act, lU13,
"ith alnendlnent
and rpgulations, :tll cars Inust be rcgistereù in the
offiec of th(' Provincial SpcreÜlry. In addition to the registration fee
an annual tax is payahlc on the l
t of :\Iay, hut this is not f('quirpd of
non-resident s unle:::;
thc car i
us'd in the province during Inore than
four ,\"peks in OI1P YC':1r. .All clriver
of car
, o".ners included, must UP
eight('en ypars old and nlu
t be lie('n
('(l. Eyery car Blust have a loek,
or oth('r d('vice, to prcvcnt it froln being opcrated ,vhen lcft unattended
Thp f'pccd liInits arc, in cities, to".n
and villages 7! nliles an hour,
in placcs ,\"hieh arc clo
ely huilt up 10 nlÌles, ,,-here there is not a clear
vicw of the road for at lcast 200 yards 12 Iniles, and in all other places
15 Inileg an hour. The nunlher of c:trs rebristered in 1920 (up to
December 31), not includin
dealers' registration, ,vas 1,419.
I\ova Scotia.-l"hc )Iotor Yehicle \ct, 191
, rcquires can; to
be registered by the Provincial Secretary, ".ho issues pennÏts rene".able
annually on January 1. Car:::> belonging to persons rC'sidinp; out of
X ova ðcotia ne('d not he regi
tcred if cars are r('p;istered in the place
".here owners reside; and are used as pa:,:;enger cars. This privilege
b given for a period of not nlore than threc Illonths in each year.
If owner:-; cOlne into the provinc<, to re
ide pcrmanently or to carry
on business they Inust regi
ter. Xo pcr::;on under IG Inay operate a
nlotor vehicle, and paid chauffeurs Inust be at least 18 and rnust
take out lic('nses. Cars Blust have devices which ,vill prcvent their
operation ,vhen left unattendcù and Dlust also have l11uffiers. rrhe
speed lilnits are, in cities, to,vns and village
and in plnccs 'where there
is no clear vie,v of the road for at least 50 yards I;:) nlÎlcs an hour,
at cross-roads and bridp;es 15 nlÌles, and in othcr places 25 nlÌles
an hour. During 1920 the numLer of pern1Ïts i:s:sucd for cars ,,-as
12,450.
Xew Brunswick.-Under the ::\Iotor ,rehicle Law, 1915, as
alnended l\Iay, 1917, the re
istering and licensing authority is the
DepartInent of Public 'Yorks. Car:ì Inust be reref,!istcred evcry-
third year, and be:-:ides the rcgistration fee, an annual fec" is payable
on January 1. X on-residents lnay operate cnrs registered in another
province or state during not nlore than 21 days in any year without
registration in X e,v Brull
wick. l"he driyer of a car lnust be 18
years old, and nlust be the o,vner or a melnber of his household, a
licensed chauffeur or a person acconlpanied by a chauffpur; all chauff-
eurs nlust take out licen:ses and must pa
s a qualifying exalllination
before i:":,,ue of the license. The speed liD1its are, in cities, to,vns
and villages 12 n1Ïles an hour, in places ,yhich are closely built up
15 miles an hour, and in other places where thc road cannot be seen
rlearly for 200 yards 20 Iniles an hour.

478 TRANSPORTATION AND COJL
lUl\;rICATIONS

Quebec.-The Ia,v as to motor vehicle is contained in the
Revised Statutes, 1909, chapter 4, s. xxi and amending Acts. Cars
n1ust be registered in the office of the Provincial 1"reasurer and
re-registered annually on l\1arch 1. Save in the cases of taxi-cabs and
auto-busses or similar vehicles which run daily or periodically between
the province and neighbouring provinces or states, no registration
in the province is required of cars registered outside the province,
provided that similar exemption is 'granted by la,v of the state or
province in ,vhich the tourist resides. All drivers of cars must be
licensed and must be not less than 18 years old. Cars, when left
unattended, must be locked in such a ,yay as to prevent their use, and
all cars mùst have mufflers. The speed lin1its are, in cities, towns and
villages 16 n1iles an hour, on highways where the land is closely built
up 16 nlÏles an hour, at bridges and cross-roads 8 miles an hour, and in
open country 25 miles an hour. l\lotors n1ust stop for street cars
which are standing to take on or discharge passengers.
Ontario.-The Acts concerning motor vehicles are the l\Iotor
Vehicles Act, R.S.O., 1914, ch. 207, the High,vay Travel Act, R.S.G.,
1914, ch. 206, the Load of Vehicles Act, 6 Geo. V. ch. 49, and the
Public Vehicles Act, 10 Geo. V. ch. 76 and amending Acts. The
registering authority is the Department of Public Higlnvays, ,vhich
issues perlnits that remain in force for the calendar year. Cars
n1ay be used vrithout registration for not n10re than three n10nths
in one year, if registered in some other province, or for 30 days in one
year if registered in certain of the United States which have entered
into agreement "\vith the province of Ontario. No person less than
16 years old may drive a car, and those between tlie ages of 16 and
18, as well as all paid chauffeurs, must be licensed. Cars lllUSt be
equipped "\vith mufflers. The speed lin1it in cities, to,vns and villages
is 20 miles an hour, in other places 25 miles an hour. A motor n1ay
not pass a street car "\vhich has stopped for passengers to get on or off.
At street intersections a vehicle approaching from the right has the
right-of-way. All cars are required to be equipped with non-glaring
headlights.
Manitoba.-Under the Motor Vehicle A.ct, cars n1ust be regi
-
tered in the office of the ;\Iunicipal Comlnissioner, and the regjs-
tration is rene'wable annually on January 1. A person not resident in
the province n1ay operate an unregistered car for not lnore than
thirty day!? Chauffeurs must be not less than 18 years old, and 111ust
have licenses; other drivers must be not less than 16, if male, or 18
if female. Cars must have lnuffiers and devices to prevent their use
,vhen left unattended. The speed lin1its in cities, to,vns or villages
are 10 nlÎles an hour at street intersections and 15 n1iles an hour
else,vhere. There is also a linlÎt of 20 miles an hour in certain rural
n1unicipalities. l\10tors must stop ,vhen behind standing street cars.
Saskatchewan.-The licensing authority under the 'Tehicles
Act is the Provincial Secretary. Licenses expire annually on De-
cen1ber 31. Every n10tor vehicle, except motor cycles, Illust expose
t,YO nUlnber plates: one on the front and one on the rear.
tfotor

1I0TOR I.EIlICLFS

479

c
.cle::) lllUSt carry lights at night, and the front lights Blust be dinlllled
to prevent glare. J.\Iotor liverYlncn n1ust be lic
nsed. Non-r
sid
nts
Inay u
f' cars for 30 days und
r p('rmit fronl the Provincial S(,f'retary
without reg,i
tration in the province. No person under the age of
16 111ay drive a car, and paid chauffcurs nlust takc out licenses. A.
chauffcur's li('en
(\ may he grantcd to al)l)li('ant
over lß and under
18 on pa:-\
ing
ppcial px
unination tpst. Cars IllUst have 11lufHcrs.
1"'hpre are no speed lilnits, but special precautions are prcscribed
ngninsf accidellt:--. :\Iotor vehicles must stop for street cars \vhich
art' tahin{!; on or di
('harging pa
:::;ellu;er:"'.

4\lberta.-1"'hp ]n." relating to Inotor vehicles is eontained in the
l\Totor \Tphiele .A.ct, lUll, and alllcnding \cts, and the IIigh,vays Act,
1911. Cars nlust be registercd in the officc of the Provincial Secrctary,
,vho issup
certificates ,\ hich are rene\vable :uultlally on January 1.
raid chaufT
urs Illust he liccnf'es, and all drivers nlust be not le
s than
16 years old, if nlalc, or Ih years, if felnale. Cars rllust be equippcd
\vith n1uffler
. 'fhe spectllinlÏts arp, 20 nlÌles an hour in cities, to\vns
and vil1ap.ps and 10 nlÌles an hour at Rtreet cro:-\sin1!s and hridgcs, A
nlotor car-Iuay not 1):lSS a strect car ,vhich has stoppcd for passen
cr'"Ì
to gct on or off. Regulations nlay be Inadc by the Liputenant-Gov-

rnor in Couneil providing for pPrInits to a rcsident of the Unitcd

tates or of any province in Canada ,vho ha
cOlnplicd ,vith provi-
sions of the law rcgarding r
hi
tration of his Jllotor vchicle in the state
or province in \"hich he re
idc
, to operate an unrcgbtcrcd car in
A.lberta, such exelnptioll or privilege shall apply to such persons only
to thc extent to \vhich under thp la".s of the snid state or province

iInilar exenlption
or privilp
e:) are granted with respect to lllotor
vehicles r
Q.istercd under the la\\.
of and o,vncd bv residcnts of
..\IL
rÜl. The san1e applie
to driv{'rs' liccnscs. ,.the Provincial

ecretary Juay revok
or su
pend the licpn
e of any chauffcur con-
,irtpd unrler the provisions of the Liquor ...-\ct of selling or having for
salc intoxicating liquor.

British Columbia.-Under the :\Iotor 'fraffic Regulation .\ct,
and alnending .L\ct
, car
are requircd to be registered \vith the
upcrill-
tendC'nt of Provineial Policc. Licen
es expire on })ecenlber 31.
Foreign reg,istered cars Illay be used for touring in the province under
a touring license i
:-;ucd by the Ruperintendcnt of rrovincial Police.
Cars r
gistered outside the province JH:tY be used for 90 days free.
X 0 person under the age of 17 Illay drive a car, and paid chauffcurs
must take out license:-:. Every car nlust have a lock or device to
prevent it
u
e \yhen left unattend('d. 1'he 8pc{'d linlÌt,; are, in citie:::;,
to\vns and villages 15 miles an hour, in wooded country 13 n1iles and
in open country 30 Iniles an hour. A nlotor may not pa::,s a standing
street car at nlore than 5 Inilc:::; an hour and nlu
t stop if it overtake

the car \vhile taking on or discharging passenger
.
Yukon Territory.-The l\;Iotor 'Tehicle Ordinance, Ko. 14, 1914,
requires all cars to be registered in the office of the Territorial Secre-
tary, who issues certificates, rene'wable annually on July 13. A non-

480

TRANSPORTATION AND COMllfUNICATIONS

resident may operate an unregistered motor for not more than 90
days. No male under 16 and no female under 18 years of age may
drive a motor. In cities, towns and villages the speed lin1it is 15 miles
an hour, or 10 miles an hour at street intersections.

25.-Number of Motor Vehicles registered in Canada by Provinces, 1914-1920.

Total..... .

1914. 1915. 1!H6. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
31 34 50 303 639 967 1,419
1,324 1,841 3,012 5,350 8,100 10,210 12,450
1,328 1,900 2,965 2,251 6,434 8,306 11,196
7,413 10,112 15,335 21,213 26,897 . 33,547 41,562
31,724 42,346 54,375 83,308 114,376 144,804 177,561
7,359 9,225 12,765 17,507 24,012 30, 118 36,455
8,020 10,225 15,900 32,505 50,531 56,855 60,325
4,728 5,832 9,516 20,624 29,300 34,000 38, 015
7,628 8,360 9,457 11, 645 15,370 22,420 28,000
43 69 89 93 87 89 81
69,598 89,9-14 123,4'-1 197,799 275,746 341,316 407,064

Province.

P.E. Island....
Nova Scotia...
New Brunswick
Quebec....... .
Ontario....... .
Manitoba. . . . . .
Saskatchewan. .
Alberta. . . . . . . .
British Colum-
bia. . . . . . . . . .
Yukon Terri-
tory. . . . . . . . .

26.-Speed Limits in miles per hour for Motor Vehicles by Provinces.

.At street Wooded
In cities, intcr- Where country
Province. towns or sections, closely . Open or ob-
villages. bridges, built up. country. structed
etc. view.
miles miles miles miles miles
per hour. per hour. per hour. per hour. per hour.

Prince Edward Island............... 7!
Nova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ . . . 15
New Brunswick...... 12
Quebec....... . . . . . . . . 16
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . 20
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . _ . 15
Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
British Columbia...... ., . ...... .. .. . 15
Yukon Territory. . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 15

15
8
10
10
10

10
15
16

15
25
25
25

12
15
20

20 1

30

15

lLimit in certain specified rural municipalities.

EXPRESS COMPANIES.
There are five distinctly Canadian express cOll1panies, VIZ., the
Canadian Express Co., the Canadian National Express Co., the
Central Canada Express Co., the Dominion Express Co. and the
British America Express Co. They are organized under po'wers
conferred by ...\cts of the Dominion Parliament, and theÍr business
consists in tIle forwarding of parcels through the raihvay companies,
in the transfer of luggage and in the i
sue of nloney orders, travellers'
cheques, letters of credit and other forrns of financial paper. Three
other express cOlnpanies situated in the United States, but consolidated

E
",(PRF'SS COJIPAJ.\"'IES

481

durill
t h(' war Iwriod, like 1 he e Ilited States raihyays, ulH!pr the
operation of a '-iing;le lluluagenlcnt appointed by tlH' United Rtatc::;
GOyernnH'nt, and rpfcrn'd to hl'lC as ".AnH'rirall Hailwa
.," also
do bu:-\inc:-\:-\ in Canada. rrlu' total eupitalliahility of the five Canadian
conlpani('s on l}('('('lul>er ;
1, 1919,
tood at "'-1,ht12,:!OO. rrhp total
opera t in
luil('ugp of all eil!ht p),.prcs
('Olll panips in Cft nada for the
yp:tr PIHh'd JUIlP :30, If)UJ, ".us (;0.:179, as cOin pared ".ith ö2,5.J.G in
191
. rrhc p,ro
s operating rp('<,'ipt
werc
21,!)l:
,()71, cOlllpar('d
with bI8,öSO,O

in lül
, an inerea
p of
:!,bf)2,UX:3. A deduction
of
11.
47,7G7 for expre::;s privih'g('
, that i
, the aillount paid to
railway..-, :-:tealuhoat and stagp lin(''-i for th(' carrying. of pxpr('
s luattl'r,
1(':1Y(,"\ ::;10,1 H5,304 u", the' oppratill
rCYPllU(' for the year. ()p('ru t ill

exppnse::; anlount<,'d to SI1,7U2,!nn, as C'olHpared \\ith
!),:{5-l,()()() in
1918. ·

21.-01)l'ratlng :\liI
age of }.tl)r('ss COmf)anlt,!>. in Canada, for f 11(' ) t'ars ('Iull'd June
:10. 1917-1919. .Hld for tilt. ('alt'IHlar )t'ar 1919.

June 30. Dec. 31.
Routes and Provinces.
1917. l!H8. 1919. 1919.
'liles. 'liles. Miles. :Miles.
By routes over-
S team roads. . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,.368.20 39,900.88 40,259.54 40,449.93
Electric lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.70 36.3.70 336.70 3!1b.50
Steamboat lines......,.. .. 3,OU1.00 2,945.30 2,912.30 2,912.30
Stage lines.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.00 36.00 57.00 57.00
)Iisccllancous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,833.75 19,298.00 16,813.00 16.813.00
Total ......................... 59,
.9'65 62,ã
.88 6O,3.S-ã.j 60,630.73
By Provinces-
Prince Ed ward Island....... . . . . . . . 569.20 495.90 500.05 499.95
X ova Scotia.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,509.55 1,512.27 1,538.27 1,569.07
New Brunswick... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,015.26 2,264.27 1,291.28 2,518.79
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,007'91 6,108.40 6.281.78 5,423.99
()ntario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,170.37 11 , 107.88 11,178.20 11,907.08
l\lani toba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,329.06 4,323.56 4,359.06 4,402.35
Saskatchewan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,006.50 6,155.10 6,124.70 6,14S.20
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,561.10 4,458.50 4,341.60 4,600.90
British Columbia.................. 5,841.18 5,846.48 5,889.80 5,755.70
yukon............................ . 64 7.00 64 7.00 728.00 669.00
Foreign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411.52 19,626.52 17,145.80 17,134.80
Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,068.65 62, .).Jð.8
60,378.5-1 6O,GaO.73
By companies-
American Railway Express Co..... 1,228.64 1,189.34 2,821.94 1 2.821.94 1
British America Express Co. . . . . . . . 414.04 414.04 414.04 414.04
Canadian Express Co......... . . . . . . 12,049.93 15,077.14 14,855.12 14,963.00
Canadian Northern Express Co..... 8,435.67 8,371.49 8,657.29 2 8,809.79 2
Central Canada..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728.80 728.80 728.80 728.80
Dominion Express Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,541.07 35,112.19 32,901.35 32,893.16
Great Northern Express Co....... . 675.24 675.24 3 3
Wells Fargo & Co.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 995.26 977. 64 . .
Total
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 068.65 62 5-15.88 t)O 378.54 60630.73

NOTE.-In 1918 and 1919 ocean going mileage is included.
1 American Railway. 2 Canadian National. a Included under American Railway
Express Co.
18437-31

482

TRANSPORTATION A
ND COJIJIUNICATIO-.VS

28.-0perating Expenses of Express Companies for the years ended June 30, 1915-1919
and for the Calendar )"ear 1919.

Mainten- Traffic Transport- General Total
Companies. ance. expenses. tation expenses. operating
expenses. expenses.
$ $ $ $ $
American Railway Ex-
press ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94,482 2,324 1,495,815 61,723 1,654,344
British America Express.. - 1,602 5,326 3,164 10,092
Canadian Express......... 168,347 23,611 3,300,676 168,028 3,660,662
Canadian National Express 27,429 15,992 1,213,366 105,978 1,362,765
Central Canada........... - 373 20,365 20,245 40,983
Dominion Express......... 212,194 108,101 5,722,655 455,856 6,498,806
.
Total 1919, Dec. 31. . . . . . . 502,452 152,003 11,758,203 814,994 13,227,652
.
Total, 1919, June 30. . 393,871 92,972 10,566,603 739,053 11,792,499
Total, 1918, June 30. . 341,845 9..,008 8,267,730 6,12,083 9,35",666
Total, 1917, June 30. . 269,576 78,219 6,510,790 829,071 7,687,656
Total, 1916, June 30. . 19,1,726 73,962 5,0,11,155 484. , 674 5,794,517
Total, 1915, June 30. . 107,618 90,693 4,981,846 452,747 5,632,90-1
Companies. Total Taxes. Total
privileges. expenses.
$ $ $
American Railway Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,365,565 13,477 3,033,386
British America Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,704 1,317 24,113
Canadian Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,896,768 61 , 407 6,618,837
Canadian National Express....... ....... . .......... 1,035,813 10,144 2,408,722
Central Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,930 958 75,871
Dominion Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,501,835 79,232 14,169,873
Total, 1919, Dec. 31. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,936,615 166,535 26,330,802
Total, 1919, June 30........ . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . 11,347,767 155,251 23,295,517
Total, 1918, June 30..... .......... ........ . 8,875,181 14G ,505 18,376,352
Total, 1917, June 30........ . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 8,052,606 270,387 16,010,649
Total, 1916, June 30................. ....... 6,146,399 146,294 12,087,210
Total, 1915, June 30......... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 5,610,224 123,029 11,366,157

29.-Business transacted by Express Companies in financial paper for the )rears
ended June 30,1917-1919, and for the Calendar year 1919.

June 30. Dec. 31.
. Description.
1917. 1918. 1919. 1919.
$ $ $ $
Money Orders, domestic............... 51 , 169, 206 59,635,453 49,371,467 52,460,478
Money Orders, foreign........ . . . . . . . . . . 1,971,436 2,291,157 2,291,459 2,222,908
TraveUers' cheques, domestic..... . . . . . 2,085,502 2,196,588 552,570 837,093
Travellers' cheques, foreign.... . . . . . . . . 283,220 174,057 334, 153 267,320
"C.O.D." cheques...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,180,773 14,563,936 15,844,486 18,062,985
Telegraphic transfers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 ,099 . 341,209 269,704 208,333
Letters of credit issued. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,400 37,820 - -
Other forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,645,649 1,236,706 1,609,359 2,639,576
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,569,285 80,476,926 70,273,198 76,698,693

EXPREbb COlIPA:NIES

483

30.- }:
unlngs of };\.prt'ss Com))&lnh's for th(' ) ('.I.rs (,Iuh'd June 30, 191.'i-1919, 2\11(1 for
th(' ('al{'udar ) ('ar 1919.

I .
Revenuo 1\I oney l\f oney Travd- Travel-
from lers' lers'
Companies. tran
port- Orders, Orders, Cheq ues, Cheques,
u.tion. foreign. domestic. domestic. forC'ign.
1 $ 1 1 S
American Railway Express....... . 2,717,03G - - - -
British America Exprc:,s........ . . . 25, .fOR - - - -
Canaùian Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,456,ROG 91,43ð - 2,527 -
Canaùian N
tional Express.... . . . . 2,5
7,495 21,5;3 - - -
Central Canada Etpress... . . .. . . . . 77,527 - - - -
Dominion Exprc
s....... . . . . . . . . . . 12,497,409 120,4

1,08!} 2,633 1,076
Total. 1919, Ð('('. 31.... .. . 21,,
'H ,'Þ
l
:I.
, ,)O'! 1 ,OS!þ .r;, 1 G'! 1,0;-6
Total, 1919, .Jun('
O.. . . . . 20, fþ,'i 1,772 21.'i,"2;- 1,237 1,61; 3 . O.
:

Total, 191
, JUnt. 30... ... 1
,1tG.3
1 f)G;-,I.B 19,790 1,69
4,3U
Total. 1917, .JtII1(, 30... . .. IG,
.):
, IGI 2:
9, ;-,') 1 20.72ì 4.171 2,269
Total. 1916, Junc
O.. .... 12, 1'

,Gl.i 20'
, j.

'!3.670 4.51;) 4.!9
To hI 191,'), June 30.. . . . 10,917,619 lðf, .sO 1,'), .'39 3. -1.
9 1,,701

"C.O. D." OthC'r Total Total Ket
Companies. Chcqups. earning
. earnings. expC'nses. earnings.
1 1 $ 1 S
Amedcan R
nway Express.. . .. . - - 2,717,0
G 3,033,3S6 - 316,350
British America Express..... . . . . - - 25,4r8 24,113 1,2U5
Canadian Expre
s. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 53.541 lq5,
28 6,790,140 6,618,8:37 171,303
Canadian K ational Express. . . . . . 29,005 51,053 2,689,128 2,40S,722 280,406
Central Canada Express... . . . ... - 5,4ûl
2,!lR
75,S71 7,117
Dominion Express. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . 99,927 329,196 13,U51,S21 14, 16U, 873 -1,118,052
Total. 191!,. 1)('('. :.u... .. 1 s'
.4 73 571.5:
'" '!,).3.'i6.5'
1 '!6.3:m. "'O
-9ì-l,'!Sl
Total. 1919. JUIU,' 30 . IG:
.s:n .;U6. 15
.
1.51:1.0. t '!:
:
95.;'lì -1,752,416
Total. 1915. Junc ,
O. . . . 15; ,933 112.S19 tS.6.S0.0" JS.3i6.:M'
30:
" 736
Total. 191;-. June 30.... 1:
:
.SI:1 S2.149 J6.S36.37-1 16.010.619 Sf)," -')'"

ó). I ....)
Total. 1916" Junc 30 ... 116.;-SO
..1:

1'!.,8'H.902 12.0S..210 4"8. .(>>92
Total, 1915, Jun(' JO.. . . 110,S"9 76,398 11,33S,752
1 11,366,157 -27,10:;

1 Includp8 114,273 revenue from outside operations.
2 Includes
26,954 revpnue from outside operations.
XOTE.-"American Railway ExprC'ss" ineludl's the ...\mprican Expres:i Co., Great
Korthern Express Co., Wells, Fargo & Co.,' consolida.ted during the v.ar undC'f the operation
of the United States Government.

('AN' ..1LS.
Canal Systems.-rrhere are six canal
yst('ms undpr the control
of the DonlÌnicrll C
overnlnent in connection ,,'ith navigahlp -lakps and
riyef:-:. Th('y ('on:-\i
t of the canals (1) betweell f'ort Arthur or Fort
'Yillialu find )Iontreal: (
) fronl :l\Iontrcal to the intprnational
boundary near Lake Chaluplain; (3) frotH
[ontreal to Otta,va; (4)
from Otta,va to I{ingston and Perth; (5) Trenton, Lake Olltario,
to Lake Huron (not ('ompleted); and (6) the :St. Peter's canal from
the Atlantic ocean to Bras d'Or lake
, Cape Breton. 'I'he total
leng,th of the \\ ater"'
ay::; conlprbeù ,,'ithin th('
e systenls is ahout
I,5U4 statute Inilps, the actual nÚleage of canals constructed being
117 . 2.

18127-311

484 - TRANSPORTATION AND COJIAfUNICATIOÞlS

Canal Traffic.-For the calendar year 1919 the total volume of
traffic through the canals of the Dominion amounted to 9,995,266
tons, as compared with 18,883,619 in 1918, 22,238,935 tons in 1917,
23,583,-191 tons in 1916, 15,198,803 tons in 1915, 37,023,237 tons
in 1914 and 52,053,913 tons in 1913, the record year. The total
tonnage in 1919 "was Blade up of 5,129,435 tons of American traffic,
as cOlnpared \vith 15,514,142 tons in 1918, and of 4,865,831 tons
of Canadian traffic, as compared \vith 3,369,477 tons in 1918. In
1919 the ..Anlerican traffic represented 51.3 p.c. of the total, as com-
pared \vith 82.2 p.c. in 1918, and the Canadian traffic represented
48.7 p.c. of the total, as against 17.8 p.c. in 1918. The large de-
crease of 8,888,353 tons frolìl 1918 "'
as all in American freight, V\"hich
\vas 10,384,707 tons less than the previous year, \vhile Canadian
freight increased 1,496,354 tons. This decline in American freight
.was practically all in the Sault Ste. l\1arie canal returns and in coal
and iron ore. These decreases \vere due to the shortage of coal and
to strikes which took place bet\veen Septelnber and Novelnber in the
United States steel plants. The effect of these labour troubles may
be noted in Table 32, \vhile Table 34 sho\vs that the decrease in traffic
was altogether due to the falling off in mine products.
Of Canadian \vheat the total quantity moved in 1919 through
the canals of Canada and the United 8tates at Sault Ste. J\1arie was
91,574,836 bushels, of which 21,060,989 bushels passed through the
Canadian canal and 70,513,847 bushels passed through the An1erican
canal. In addition, 2,870,480 barrels of \yheat flour representing,
at 4i bushels per barrel, 12,017,160 bushels of \vheat passed through
the canals;
o that the total movenlent of Canadian wheat by canal
in 1919 was 104,491,096 bushels. Of oats, 16,300,853 bushels, of
barley, 12,873,877 bushels, of flaxseed, 838,042 bushels, and of rye,
760,005 bushels, passed through the Canadian and Alnerican canals
at Sault Ste. l\Iarie in 1919.
Expenditure and Revenue for Canals.-In Table 38 are
. given the annual expenditure and revenue for canals froln the begin-
nìng up to the year 1919. The colun1n for expenditure chargeable
to capital ($2,211,935 in 1919) includes all the iten1s for canals speci-
fied. For 1919 the expenditure chargeable to incolne, amounting
to $164,046, includes $26,442 chargeable to canals in general. The
expenditure chargeable to revenue, $156,558 in 1919, is for canals in
general only. The itelns for 1919, $733,091 for staff
nd $698,878 for
repairs, are for canals specified. The sum of these totals, viz.,
$3,964,508, represents the aggregate expenditure on canals for the
year ended
Iarch 31, 1019. The total expenditure on canals up to
IV[arch 31, 1919, is $171,432,799.
Panama Canal.-In the Year Book of 1914, page 680, parti-
culars were given of the Pananla Canal in connection \vith its fornlal
opening to commercial traffic on August 15 of that year. In 'fables
40 and 41 of this section are given statistics of the traffic through the
canal by months from January, 1919, to June, 1920, with yearly
totals since 1914. Table 40 sho\"s that for the calendar year 1919

CJ1fllLS

485

there pa..,::>C'd throu
h thp ('anal frolll the \.t1antie to the P:l('ifie and
fruIH the P
H'iti(. to th(' ...\.tlantir, a total of 7, 1.')(),511 lon
tons (the
long tOll is 2210 lhs.) of cargo, :l:; conlp:ued ,,,ith 7,2;')3,419 long tons
in 191
.

31.- ('anal 'rralUc durln
the 1\a\l
ation Season of 1919.

I FROM CAr-; \DIAN TO FROM UNITED
I FROM CAN
J)HN TO UNITlm STATEd STATES TO UNITED
I CANADIAX 1'01(1'8. PORTS. STATES PORTS.
Canals. I
Gp. Do"n. Up. Do\\n. Up. Do" n.
Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. TollS.
Sault Ste. Marie.... . :?Gl,-H3 1,3(JS,516 1,054 5Q,8:?0 83,855 2,168,683
"clland... _ ..... 175,5!J3 !J23,020 - - 12,870 5,766
St. Lawrence... . . . . 213,2
t7 1,013,6!t8 289,668 23,738 200 -
Chambly......... .. . . 4,61
10,579 123,158 - - -
:::t. Peter's.... . . . . . . . . . . . W,6lil 4",218 - - - -

lurray.................. . 10-l,U 110) 2,634 - - - -
Otta\\a.................. . 15,1-15 176,335 - 23,298 - -
Riùeau.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66,
14 32,560 30 - - -
Tren t.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,261 30,6!J2 - - - -
St. Andrew's. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,427 336 - - - -
Total... . . . . . . . . . . 8SJ,3S7 3,,')16,9 .
J.13,910 97, ';.)6 96 !J25 2, 17-1,.J.t9

I
FROM Ur-.ïTED OmGIN OF CARGO.
STATES TO CANA- TOTAL FREIGHT.
Canals. DUN PORTS. T07AL.
Canadian United
Up. Do\\ n. Up. Do\\ n. States.
Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.
Sault Ste. Maric. 234,328 29,386 5<;0,680 3,537,405 4,1:
8,OS5 1,606,311 2,531,774
WeIland..... . ... . - 1,053,530 I
S,463 1,
S2,316 2,170,779 1,079,Oð7 1,091,692
St. Lawrence..... 5,428 1,345,590 508,593 2,3S3,026 2,891,619 1,498,322 1,393,297
Cham bly . . . . . . . . - 104,526 127,R56 115,105 242,961 138,420 104,541
St. Peter's.. . . . . . - - 16,661 48,218 64,879 64,879 -
Murray.. . . . . . . . . 668 - 105,616 2,634 lOR ,250 107,547 703
Ottawa... . . . . . . . . 3,260 - 18,405 200,033 218,438 215,17
3,260
Rideau. . . . . . . . . . - 4,035 66,944 36,595 103,539 99,371 4.168
Trent.. . . . . . . . . . . - - 22,261 30,692 52,953 52,953 -
St. Andrew's... . . - - 3,427 336 3,763 3,763 -
Total.. . . . . . . 213
J 2,537,u()7 1,638,9 ,
,356,360 9,995,266 !,865,s"U 5,129,-135

3
.- Distribution of Total Canal Traffic b) lIonths, 191-1-1919.

Ionths. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.
January. . . . . . 494 - - 533 - 759
April. . . . . . . . . 554,111 398,350 474,710 63,651 88.446 404,928

Iay... . . . . . . . 5,307,123 1,426,805 2,967,906 3,026,990 3,351,440 2,278,145
June.. . . . . . . . . 6,136.657 1,472,670 4,232,338 3,575,885 2,749,323 1,530,317
July.. . . . . . . . . 6,339,831 1,587,611 3,655,110 4,013,982 2,580,177 1,483,124
August. . . . . . . 6,261,380 1,829,021 3,643,436 3,520,647 2,332,796 1, 224,110
September... . 6,069,946 2,424,717 3,318,774 2,708,184 2,687,581 1,162,970
October..... . 4,660,484 3,354,829 2,754,812 2,544,732 2,940,663 1,100,455
November.. . 1,470,471 2,278,245 1,967,168 2,500,096 1,933,627 702,457
December... . 222,740 426.555 569.237 284,235 219,566 108,001
Total.... . 37,023,237 15,198,803 23,583,491
,238,935 18,&s3,619 9,995,266

.

486

TRANSPORTATION AND COJI.J.1IU]{ICATIONS

33.-Distribution of Canal Traffic in Canada, 1919.

Increase Increase
<+) <+)
Canal System. Tons. or Canal System. Tons. or
decrease decrease
(- ). (-).
Sault Ste. Marie... 4,138,Q85 -8,775,626 Murray.. . . . . . . . . . . 108,250 +63,515
Welland... . . . . . . . . 2,170,779 -3,519 Ottawa.. . . . . . . . . . . 218,438 +51,268
St
Lawrence... . . . 2,891,619 -13
,515 Rideau. . . . . . . . . . . . 103,539 +49,403
Cham bly . . . . . . . . .1 242,961 -126,225 Trent.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,953 -11,940
St. IPeter's. . . . . . . . 64,879 +5,163 St. Andrew's...... 3,763 -877

3l.-Tonnage of Traffic by Canals and Classes of Products, 1918-19.

Canals. Farm Manu- Forest Mine Total.

Products. factures. Products. Products.
1918. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.
Sault Ste. Marie.... . . . . . . . 1,513,446 259,983 41,808 11,098,474 12,913,711
\Velland... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 287,986 229,829 123,979 1,532,504 2,174,298
St. Lawrence... . . . . . . . . . . . 337,862 235,014 397,678 2,060,580 3,031,134
Cham bly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,124 30,271 219,387 98,404 369,186
St. Peter's.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,790 6,793 1,940 41, 193 59,716
1\1 urray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 7,796 - 36,939 44, 735
Otta\va. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,450 19,048 84,540 57,132 167,170
Rideau.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,311 9,408 7,378 34,039 54,136
Tren t.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 155 2,274 59,367 1,097 64,893
St. Andrew's.... . . . . . . . . . . 7 54 4,579 - 4,640
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,182,131 800,470 940,656 H,960,362 18,883,619
1919.
Sault Ste. Marie... . . . . . . . . 1,583,388 303,617 29,038 2,222,042 4,138,085
Welland.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779,344 238,807 91,682 1,060,946 2,170,779
St. Lawrence.............. 797,807 231,903 449,697 1,412,212 2,891,619
Cham bly . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,982 5,960 123,042 100, 977 242,961
St. Peter's.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 679 7,268 1,556 44,376 64,879
l\iurray. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 8,147 - 100, 103 108,250
Ottawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,644 18,555 114,355 79,884 218,438
Rideau.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 3,574 12,184 13,234 74,547 103,539
Trent.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,516 2,497 47,079 861 52,953
St. Andrew's.... . . . . . . . . . . 91 268 3,404 - 3,763
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,197,025 829,206 873,087 5,095.918 9,995,266

3G.-Principal Articles carried through Canadian Canals during the Navigation
Seasons of 1918 and 1919.

Articles. 1918. 1919. Increase. Decrease.
Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.
Barley.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145,620 467,397 321,777
Buckwheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 3
Corn.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,626 52,060 48,434
Oats... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231,240 291,032 59,792
Rye.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,805 84,849 57,044
Flax.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,788 23,002 31,786
Peas............ ..... .............. .... 67 39 28
\Vheat.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,330,740 1,861,299 530,559
Flour.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319,733 363,198 43,465
Hay................................... 32,682 18,624 14,058
Other mill products.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,525 10,896 5,371
Fruit and vegetables........... ........ 3,578 4,497 919

CAa\ ALS

4S7

3.t.-Prlndpal \rtlcles rarrit'tl t hr()u
h Canadian (
alla1s during the "\a,igatloll

rasons of 1915 and 1919.-concluded.

Articles.

lCJl8. HJ19. Increase. Decrease.
I Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons.
4,
0!) 4,602 393 -
1,167 1,295 128 -
3,224 1,437 - 1,787
8,854 1,971 - 6,883
327 1,974 1,647 -
41 24R 207 -
1,293 703 - 590
7,608 7,b95 2F.7 -
1,296 9,2!18 8,002 -
4,Sm) 9,936 5,067 -
1 ,807 3,098 1 , 2m -
7,mn 30, 5
18 22,607 -
61,606 70,473 S,S67 -
251,10.3 236,9S0 5,875 -
16,904 22,7XO 5,876 -
26,315 17,421 - 8,894
1,8S4 5,
hO 3,99() -
426,693 t02,742 - 23,951
510,
6'" 466,U61 - 44,807
376,315 353,S96 - 22,419
1,731 9, !-\!)() 8,159 -
=
, 408 1,80S - 1,600
48,334 41 , 432 - 6,902
.1!J;
, 411 401,3S3 - 192,02S
3,870,:
50 2,327,615 - 1,542,73.)
4, :)00 4,201 - 299
22,107 10,bOI - 11 , 306
10, 10
,49;) l,hHO,619 - 8,211,876
14,473 18,85!J 4,3h6 -
353,026 442,470 89,444 -
I IS,'
;J, 6J9 9,9!1.;,2G6 - 8,
S8,Jã3

Potatocs... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Live stock.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Poultry, game and fish.................
Dresscd meats... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other packing hou
c products..........
Hiù('s and lcather......................
" 001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
All other animal products.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
ricultural implempnts..... . . . . . . . . ...
Cpment, bricks and lime...............
Hous('hold goods and furniture.. . . . . . . .
Iron, pi
and bloom.... . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .
Iron and steel, all oth('r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pctrolcum and otll<'r oils.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sugar.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Salt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Winps, liquors and beer. . .. . . . . . . . . .. .

lerchandisc not enumerated... .. '..
}>ulp\\ood............ .............
Sa \\ ed lurn ber.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Squarpd timber.... . . . .
Shinglcs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other" ood5... . . . . . . . .
Hard coal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Soft coal... . . . . . . . .. . . .. .
Coh. P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Copp('r Orc. . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron ore.....................
Other ore.....................
Sand, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

To t it I... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36.-Trafhc throu
h the Canadiall Sault
tl'. 'Iarit, Canal during the
a\l
atlon
Seæ,ollS 1S99-1919.

1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919

Canadian U.S.
Vessel V ('sscl
i\o. I Tonnage. Xo. Tonnage.
2,000 55
,552 1,769 2,.

!J.457
1,7VO 577,310 1,2
1 1,617,-138
2,796 775,151 1,408 1,674,597
3,080 1,366.930 1,964 3,237,372
2,711 1,615,939 1,640 3,146,807
2,637 1,555,042 1,325 2,675.663
3,970 1,803,288 1,6!)2 3,734,349
3.922 1,959,252 1,758 4,399,872
3,217 2,154,688 3,132 9,961,2S1
3,239 2,603,232 2,004 7,035,655
2,597 2,988,936 3,734 14,850,738
2,744 3,173,494. 5,228 20,187,704
2,713 3,108,880 4,068 16,252,340
2,643 3,296,229 5,213 22,536,015
3,279 3,793,434 5.006 22,181,007
3,011 3,473,292 2,966 13,827,870
3,000 3,041,003 1,331 5,4-13,812
4,595 4,089,937 2,094 8.703,187
3,199 3,182,960 2 138 8 712 604
3,067 2,436,500 1,992 7,594,042
3,140 2,817,096 929 3,671,634

Year

Total
1\0.

Total Tonnage of Freight.
\" c8.':)Cl
Tonnage. Cana- L ni ted
dian. States. Total.
2,948,009 299,975 2,706,689 3,006,664
2,194,748 255,264 1,7
0,413 2,035,677
2,449,74R 494,613 2,325,781 2,R20,394
4,604,302 1,140,623 3,588,645 4,729,268
4,762,746 1 ,362,820 4,149,048 5,511,868
4,230,705 1,212,145 3,818,560 5,030,705
5,537,637 1,304,355 4,169,051 5,473,406
6,359,124 1,632,683 4,941.363 6,574,046
12,115,969 1,957,334 13,630,831 15,588,165
9,638,887 2,092,231 10,666,985 12,759,216
17.839,674 3,366,495 24,494,750 27,861,245
23,361,198 3,345,619 33,050,068 36,395,687
19,361,220 3,177,581 27,774,128 30,951,709
25,832,2-1-1 4,090,362 35,579,293 39,669,655
25,974.441 4.054,734 37,744,590 42,699,324
17,301,162 3,609,747 23,989.437 27,599,184
8,484,815 2,561,734 5,189,223 7,750,957
12,703,124 4,155,911 12,657,738 16,813,649
11 895564 2 875 590 12571 502 15 447 092
10,030,542 1,336,861 11,576,850 12,913,711
6,488,730 1 606,311 2,531,774 4,138,085

3,769
3,081
4,204
5,044
4,351
3,962
5,662
5,6S0
6,349
5,293
6,331
7,972
6,781
7,856
8,285
5,977
4,331
6,689
5337
5,059
4,069

.

488

TRANSPORTATIO
V AND CO.L
f
fUNICATIO
VS

37.-Traffic through Canadian Canals during the Navigation Seasons 1912-1919.

SAULT STE. MARIE CANAL.

Ste
mer

Canadian Vessels. United States Vessels.
a- Vessel S tea- Vessel
s. Sail. Total. Tonnage. mers. Sail. Total. Tonnage.
- -
No. No. Tons. No. No. No. Tons.
2 151 2,643 3,296,229 5,190 23 5,213 22,536.015
3 276 3,279 3,793,434 4,996 10 5,006 22,181,007
74 337 3,011 3,473,292 2,955 11 2,966 13,827,870
2 258 3,000 3,041,003 1,327 4 1,331 5,443,812
8 687 4,595 4,089,937 2,072 22 2,094 8,703,187
3 276 3,199 3,182,960 2,107 31 2,138 8,712,604
6 281 3,067 2,436,500 1,976 16 1,992 7,594,042
7 333 3,140 2,817,096 890 39 929 3,671,634

Passen- Freight
gers. carried.
No. Tons.
37,5.49 39.669,655
36,872 42,699,324
30,446 27,599,184
25,047 7,750,957
31,734 16,813,649
26,555 15,447,092
26,986 12,913,711
41,099 4,138,085

Year.

No
1912 2,49
1913 3,00
1914 2,6
1915 2,74
1916 3,90
1917 2,92
1918 2,78
1919 2.80

WELLAND CANAL.
1912 1,613 333 1,946 1,814,965 867 92 959 864,535 1,317 2,851,915
1913 2,111 300 2,441 2,376,778 756 62 818 787,752 1,620 3,570,714
1914 2,592 310 2,902 2,878,483 735 55 790 757,212 25 3,860,969
1915 1,760 366 2,126 2,032,348 758 38 796 822,847 7 3,061,012
1916 1,658 434 2,092 1,794,722 786 61 847 718,897 2,544,964
1917 2,096 458 2,554 2,284,873 631 66 697 491,388 2,490,542
1918 1,726 362 2,088 1,760,301 970 134 1,104 835,088 2,174,298
1919 2,038 306 2,344 1,924,419 853 16 869 691,595 2,170,779
ST. LAWRENCE CANALS.

1912 4,382 4,819 9,201 3,496,502 1,164 641 1,805 846,333 106,492 3,477,188
1913 4,997 4,848 9,845 4,240,399 1,208 603 1,811 961,371 127,638 4,302,427
1914 5,304 3,678 8,982 4,505,235 854 409 1,263 776,490 106,618 4,391,493
1915 4,474 2,625 7,099 3,422,991 981 561 1,542 841,792 78,303 3,409,467
1916 4,258 2,389 6,647 3,129,072 1.194 484 1,678 1,016,367 81,623 3,368,064
1917 4,068 3,259 7,327 3,511,986 1,026 348 1,374 819,102 81,249 3,391,144
1918 3,430 2,257 5,687 2,839,918 1,122 488 1,610 970,107 45,943 3,031,134
1919 3,910 1,972 5,882 3,107,773 878 188 1,066 769,172 72,006 2,891,619

CHAMBLY CANAL.

1912 279 207 486 45,550 1 3,318 3,319 344,435 2,422 618,415
1913 290 182 472 62,140 - 2,725 2,725 273,671 2,507 555,602
1914 167 179 346 52,736 - 2,348 2,348 241,672 2,677 436,905
1915 308 180 488 58,998 1 2,300 2,301 235,193 2,640 478,707
1916 247 261 508 64,064 1 1,810 1,811 186,298 1,669 398,977
1917 142 258 400 65,806 - 2,060 2,060 202,970 707 434,818
1918 146 425 571 86,402 - 1,726 1,726 177,320 1,783 369,186
1919 138 245 383 65,604 1 1,039 1,040 107,605 1,403 242,961

ST. PETER'S CANAL.

1912 353 852 1,205 88,519 2 6 8 626 1,240 74,809
1913 382 942 1,324 94,890 6 7 13 1,048 1,582 71 ,514
1914 451 741 1,192 80,252 1 7 8 413 351 54,180
1915 37 34 71 5,650 - - - - 8 2,895
1916 30 103 133 9,201 - - - - 6 9,629
1917 316 828 1,144 82,405 1 1 2 89 585 62,254
1918 232 835 1,067 68,741 - 4 4 546 479 59,716
1919 291 864 1,155 78,412 16 1 17 1,522 322 64,879

CA
YALS

4
U

37.- Tr.amc Throucrh {'un.ullcan (
canals d tiring the :\a\i.ratloll
easons
1912-1919 -con.

MURR.\ Y CANAL.

HH2
1!113
1914
1915
H.I16
1917
1918
IH1!J

Canadian Vesscls. United States Vessels.
Pass('n- Freight
I Stea- V ('ssel S tea. Vessel gers. carried.
mers.
ail. Tota.l. Tonnage. mers. Sail. Total. Tonnage.
- - -
No. No. No) Tons. No. 1\0. No. Tons. No. Tons.
R34 li6 1,010 386,302 ()5 10 75 2,761 20,679 170,081
887 337 1,22-1 39,') ,494 51 2 53 2,133 20,210 180,576
656 2,jS 91-1 210,747 47 10 57 2,
S9 15,SfJ3 83,907
17S 74 552 124,506 48 - 48 1,407 12,22:
30,728
514 135 54!ì 108,21;0 30 - 30 1,025 1,Sß
46,680
66!J I!J7 866 134,B29 25 - 25 2,570 l,mJ6 57,603
342 !J6 438 114,573 15 - 15 1,146 4 44,735
136 1:>0 5S6 152,610 16 5 21 2,434 1,099 108,250

Yea..!

OTTA" A CANAL.

1912 1,007 1,1).35 2,liG2 4S0,751 - 397 397 40,5!J8 27,271 3t12,350
1913 1,007 1,6-10 2,1)-1; 4!J7,G49 - 2!Jl 2m 29,718 24,75!J 3G5,438
IH14 930 1,267 2,19; 392,516 - 275 275 27,257 23,835 335,132
1915 ;,SS ;'ûl 1,64
297.434 - 3!Jl 3tH 39,464 27,258 272,370
1916 7S2 87, 1,6:>9 302.012 - 328 328 33,851 22,812 237,651
UB7 6!13 821 1 ,514 2!J3,997 - 2"'2 2ö2 29,085 22,774 214,835
HilS 572 ,j!)3 1,163 21
,!J!J2 - 323 323 34,4!J8 14,939 167,170
un9 510 1,132 1 ,û-t! 286,Oö9 1 147 148 15,019 21,3bO 218,438

UIDE\U CAKAL.
1912 2,257 703 2,960 20S,&9 9 9 887 20,534 160,133
1913 2,185 613 2,7!JS 200,8!J8 22 22 2,088 19,G53 171,223
1914 2,208 392 2,600 176,904 22 13 35 2,611 19,730 151,739
1915 1,817 253 2,070 144,787 6 6 5
6 18,664 120,781
1916 1,512 160 1,672 117,341 12 12 1,214 12,544 105,430
1917 1,350 154 1,504 105,666 16 16 1,964 11,552 84,549
1918 1,031 125 1,156 75,4S7 8 8 3,316 16,926 54,136
1919 1,502 331 1,833 122,576 2 2 192 17,026 103,539
TRE
" CANAL.
1912 3,227 771 3,998 2û
,
5 73,861 77,150
1913 3,021 645 3,666 217,081 99,162 55,800
1914 2,915 732 3,647 174,647 85,218 67,715
1915 2,855 578 3,433 172,7S\0 82,391 49,904
1916 3,011 484 3,495 165,486 - 104,736 45,009
1917 2,548 419 2,967 142,979 93,599 48,924
1918 2,711 829 3,540 171,906 9 9 137 98,437 64,893
1919 3,011 583 3,594 155,895 - 101,561 52,953
ST. ANDREW'S CANAL.
1912 743 517 1,260 210,973 902 95,549
1913 616 372 988 199,278 1,796 81,295
1914 197 137 334 106,044 2,533 42,013
1915 664 423 1,087 97,710 4,295 21,982
1916 302 250 552 58,934 3,656 13,438
1917 85 28 113 26,093 5,902 7,174
1918 99 31 130 28,062 6,û54 4,640
1919 92 31 123 25,499 6,160 3,763

490

TRANSPORTATION" AND COJl1
JUNICATIONS

37.-Traffic through Canadian Canals during the Navigation Seasons 1912-
1919-concluded.

SUMMARY.

1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919

Canadian Vessels. United States Vessels.
Passen- Freigh t
Stea- Vessel Stea- Vessel gers. carried.
mers. Sail. Total. Tonnage. mers. Sail. Total. Tonnage.
- - -
No. No. No. Tons. No. No. No. Tons. No. Tons.
17,187 10,184 27, 371 10,237,335 7,289 4,496 11, 785 24,636,190 292,267 47,587,245
18,499 10, 155 28,654 12,078,041 7,017 3,722 10,739 24,238,788 335,799 52,053,913
18,094 8,031 26,125 12,050,856 4,614 3,128 7,742 15,636,414 287,326 37,023,237
15,923 5,652 21,575 9,398,207 3,115 3,300 6,415 7,385,101 250,836 15,198,803
16,222 5,780 22,002 9,839,029 4,083 2,717 6,800 10,660,839 263,648 23,583,491
14,890 6,698 21 ,5S8 9,831,694 3,790 2,804 6,594 10,259,772 244,919 22,238,935
13,075 5,834 18,909 7,800,972 4,092 2,699 6.791 9,616,-200 212,151 18,883,619
14,735 5,947 20,682 8,735,973 2,655 1,437 4,092 5,259,173 266,066 9,995,266

Year

38.-Total Expenditure and Revenue of Canals 1868-1919 and before
Confederation.

Expenditure Chargeable-
Revenue
. of
Fiscal Year. Canals.
To To To For For
Capital. Income. Revenue.! Staff. Repairs.
$ $ $ $ $ $
Before Confed-
eration. . . . . . . 20,593,866 98,378 - - - -
186S-1900....... 58,449,977 2,857,040 820,973 7,618,245 5,915,591 12,401,918
1901. . . . . .. .. .. . 2,360,570 147,768 61,939 314,095 262,876 315,426
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,114,690 216,703 65. 771 317,839 263,768 300,414
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,823,274 277,596 63,175 390,282 294,114 230,213
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,880,787 302,409 66,067 381,017 350,279 79,537
1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,071,594 354,353 64,515 431,500 401,743 78,009
1906. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,552,121 319,877 62,172 447,963 375,889 108, 068
1907 (9 months) 887,839 264,111 66,251 329,630 287,231 105,003
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,723,156 508,010 150,519 473,639 411 , 661 144,882
1909. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,873.869 728,125 106,066 475,515 433,958 199,501
1910.... . . . . . . . . 1,650,707 489,256 111,756 515,585 491,793 193,384
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,349,474 440,270 103,398 511,306 471,530 221,138
1912.... . . . . . . . . 2,560,939 442.012 110,049 585,900 555,710 264,114
1913.......... .. 2,259,257 331,987 121,371 605,248 535,136 307,568
1914... . . . . . .. . . 2,829,661 389,285 147,729 642,845 574,039 380, 188
1915........... . 5,490,796 444,730 140,236 675, 771 562,599 427,763
1916.... . . . . . . . . 6,142,149 397,665 139,952 697,532 529,565 446,722
1917........... " 4,304,589 399,414 137,907 700,022 486,168 461 , 423
1918... . . . . . . . . . I, 781 , 957 111,553 149,859 743,857 540,331 414,868
1919........... . 2,211,935 164,046 156,558 733,091 698,878 387,655
Totals....... . 126,913,207 9,684:,588 2,801,263 17,590,882 1 14,442,859 1 17,467,791

lExpenditure for Staff and Repairs, Canals in General.
NOTE.-For the years 1868 to 1900, see Canada Year Book 1916-17, page 462.

C A 1\ ..1 T.JS

491

39. - eapltal Expenditure for Construction and t:lllargcDwIlt of Canals lSbS-1919 and
before Confcderation.

Canals.

Beauhnrnois. .. ............... .........

Carillon and G renville 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cham bly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Corn\vall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Culbute Lock and Dalfi.................. .

wchine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ ...
Lake St. Francis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Lake St. Louis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 1
2\1 urray .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ridcau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Sault Ste. 2\larie....... .. . ...... . ....... . . .. . . . . . .. .1

Soulanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
bt. Annc's Lock and Canal. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

St. Lawrencc River and Canal&-
X orth Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Rivcr Rcac}les. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gal{)ps Channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Peter' B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

St. Ours Lock. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Tren t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

". elland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Welland Ship Canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

j Farrans Point. . . . . . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . .
Galops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"ïlliamsburg.. . . .
Rapide Plat.. - - .. . . . . . . . . .
l'Yilliamsburg..... ... ......

Canals in general. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totals.. . . .. . . .

.
EXJX'ndi- E'\:pcndi-
ture, ture, Total
Pre\ ious HH8-19. Cost.
Y cm s.
S S S
1,636,ü90 - 1,636,WO
4, 182,O
3 - 4,182, mJ3
780, !IHU - 7bU,flfl6
7,246,304 - 7,246,304
3:-"2,391 - 382 , 3
n
14,132,685 - 14,132,(}
5
75,907 - 75,907
298,17G - 29R,17G
1,248, 947 1 - 1,248,947
4,202,274 8,000 4,210,274
4,935,809 - 4,935,809
7,904,045 - 7,904,045
1,170,216 - 1,170,216
1 , 995 , 143 - 1,995,143
483,830 - 483,830
1,039,896 - 1,039,896
648,547 - 648,547
127,229 - 127,229
4b9,59
- 4H9,599
16.842,161 380,059 17,222,220
2f1,39
,406 - 29,399,406
14,928,970 1,823,876 16,752,846
877,091 - 877, 091
6,143,468 - 6,143,468
2,159,881 - 2,159,881
1,334,551 - 1,334,551
34,967\ - 3-t, 967
12-1 -01 ?-., 2,211,93.) 126,913,207
,. '.......1

IThc r('cords relating to cost of construction hy Imperial Government were destroyed.
by fire in 1852, and the statistics are not included in this table

492

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CAN lLS

493

41.- "I'raffit' (hrow'h the It:anama. Canal by 1\atlonalit) of \ essl"ls for the fiscal) ears
t'ndt'd June 30, 1911-1920.

HH7. HH8. 1919. 1920.

ationality . Paci fie Pacific Pacific Pa.cific
\.tlantic to Atlantic to Atlantic to Atlantic to
to Atlan- to A tlan- to A tlan- to A tl an-
Pacific. tic. Pacific. tic. Pacific. tic. Paci fico tic.
:\0. No. No. Ko. Ko. No. No. No.
Argentinian.... . . . . . - - - 1 - - - -
Pel
ian. . . . . .. . . . . . - - - - 1 - - 1
Brazilian ........... - - - - - - 2 1
Bri ti
h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 409 303 396 306 296 393 360
Canadian. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 2 - - -
Chile.1.n. . . . . . . .. . . . . 50 4tJ 50 4G 48 45 38 41
ChinC':5C'. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 2 2 2 2 -
Colomhian... . . . . .. . - - - - 1 - - 1
Costa Rican...... .. . 11 12 10 10 b 6 - 1
Cuban. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 - - - - - -
Daniflh. . . .......... 26 17 44 56 37 42 4 5
Dutch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 38 Jl 18 6 13 17 12
Ecuadorian. . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 - -
French. . . . . . . . . , . . . . 4 5 19 33 29 75 9 51
German. ... . . . . . . . . . 4 2 - - - - 5 12
GrcC'k.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 1 1 2 - -
Italian.. . . . . . .. . . .. . 1 1 2 2 - - 13 13
Japanese. . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 18 33 20 47 40 S4 34
Mexican.. .. . . . . . . . . . 6 7 - 1 - 1 - -
Nicaraguan....... . . . 1 1 - - - - - -
Nor\\egian......... . 74 76 145 151 56 72 46 GO
Panaman. . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 1 3 - - 3 1
Penn ian. . . . . . . . . . . . 43 43 41 42 34 31 37 38
Portuguese. . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - 1 1
Russian.. . . . . . .. . . . . 1 1 - 2 3 - 2 -
Spanish. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 10 5 7 2 3 20 21
Sweùi
h. .. . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 11 12 14 12 17 10 9
United States.... . . . 198 266 224 404 2GS 518 493 636
Uruguayan... . . . . . . . - - - - - - 1 -
Tota.1. . . . . . . . . . .
IO.) 971 92J 1 , .=.
, !oo,bO 1,16.. 1,ISt' 1,298
.

IIIPPIXG.
.Adn1Ïnbtration of the general
hipping interests of Canada is
divided bet" een the l\[arinf' DepartInent alld the Department of the
Naval 8ervice. 1 'rhe
\rarine Departlllent in elude::; the control, regu-
lation, manageluent and supervision of variou::; serviced, chief anlongst
,vhich are (1) adnlÌnistration of the Canadn Hhipping Act and other
Acts of the DonlÌnioll Goveflllllcnt relating to Inarine transportation;
(2) pilotage; (3) the construction and lllaintenance of lighthouses,
lightships, fog alarnls, buoys and beacons; (4) ports, harbours, piers,
,vharves aud breakwaters; (5) the ::\Icteorologiral Service of Canada;
(6) sick and di,tressed sealllcn, and the establishment, regulation
and managenlcnt of marine and :,eanlen's hospitals; (7) river and
harbour police; (8) inquiries into the caUSeS of shipwrecks and casual-
ties and the collection of ,vreck statistics; (9) the inspection of steanl-
boats; (10) the construction and maintenance of the
t. Lawrence
River Ship Canal and (11) the maintenance of "Tinter communication
IFor information relating to the Department of the Naval Service refer to heading
"Naval Service of Canada," in the inrlex.

.

494

TRANSPORTATION AND COJl..'IUNICATIONS

bet1veen Prince Edward Island and the mainland. The net revenue
of the l\larine Department for the fiscal year ended l\Iarch 31, 1919,
was $396,779, and the expenditure for the same period ,vas $4,459,165.
Canadian Government l\ferchant l\farine.-Early in 1918
the Dominion Governnlent, realizing the need for a mercantile fleet
. to develope Canadian export trade, placed orders with Canadian
shipbuilding firms for 45 ships of a total dead,veight tonnage of
approximately 263,950 tons. These steamers are being operated by
a COlllpany under the. charter nalne of the "Canadian Government
l\lerchant lVIarine, Limited," the directors of which company are
members of the board of directors of the Canadian Northern raihvay.
'Yith the boats so far delivered the follo,ving services have been
established: Bet,veen
'Iontreal and St. John's, Ne\vfoundland, Cuba,
the 'Vest Indies, South America and various United l{ingdoln ports,
,vhich services will continue fronl Halifax or St. John during the
,vinter months. Cargoes have been carried to French ports and from
Vancouver to United Kingdom ports via the Panama canal, and a
service from Vancouver to Australia has been established. Additional
services have been arranged for as soon as further vessels are delivered
by the builders.
Of the follo"wing statelnents, Tables 42-49 are COlllpiled from the
Reports of the Department of Customs, and Tables 50-57 are from
the Reports of the Department of lVlarine.

42.-Sea-going Vessels (e1:c1usive of Coasting Vessels) Entered and Cleared at Canadian
Ports during the fiscal years 1919 and 1920.

Freigh t.
Num- Number
Nationalities. ber of Tons Tons Tons of
Vessels. Register. Weight. :Measure- Men.
ment.
.
1919 ENTERED.
Bri tish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,902 6,384,582 1,747,892 134,587 172,741
Canadian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,406 1,819,687 706,750 80, 189 85, 310
Foreign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,495 3,490,344 1,642,340 118,236 119,316
Total.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,803 11, 69!, 613 4,096,982 333,012 377,367
CLEARED.
British........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,197 7,669,584 6,608,808 330,096 188,547
Canadian. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . 5,709 1,938,841 825,979 135,439 85,373
Foreign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,637 3,958,355 1,641,367 155,653 132,751
--
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,513 13,566,780 9,076,151 621,188 406,671
TOTAL ENTERED AND CLEARED
British. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,0!)9 14,054,166 8,356,700 464,683 361,288
Canadian. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 11.115 3,758,528 1,532,729 215,628 170,683
Foreign.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,132 7,448,699 3,283,707 273,889 252,067
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,316 25,261,393 13,173,136 954,200 784,038
1920 ENTERED.
British........ . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . 2,733 6,035,787 1,124,085 141,593 197,085
Canadian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,783 2,041,096 436,489 135,246 98,866
Foreign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,565 3,933,491 1,317,152 33,199 HO,064
Total................ . 17,081 12,010,374 2,877,726 310,038 436,015

SIIIPPLYG

495

"'!.-
'3-
oiJII: \ essl'ls (t'uluslwor ('o
astlng V('ssels' Entl'rc(1 an(ll
leare(1 at Canadian
..orh during tilt' fiscal )('ars I!H9 and 1920 -concluded.

rrei
h t.
Num- Number
X ationalitics. ber of Tons Ton
Tons of
V

Is. Rcgis ter . \V cigh t. Measure- Men.

mcnt.
1!1
0 CLEARED.
llritish....................... . 2,778 6,2S,'),:?07 4, 610, 350 833,17b 178,998
Cana.dian. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 6,211 2,3H3,53S 1,111,411 238,m)1 107,635
J.'orcign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,7
8 4,555,U35 2,360,627 323,067 154:,546
Tofal .............. 17,77; 13,2:H,3SO f'.OS2.3Sh 1,391,336 Ul,J79
TOTU E
TEREO AND CLEARED.
Briti
ll........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,511 12,3
0,g94 5, 7
H,4
5 974,771 376,083
Canadia.n. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 11 , !)!)4 4,4:l4,6:U 1 ,547, HOO 373,337 206,501
J..'orci
u. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 ,3:>:
8,4M},126 3,677,77U 356,
66 294,610
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,8.

25,21-1,751 10.960, 111 1,701.371 877,191

43.

l'a.g()hl" '.ess('ls J:nh'r('d and (.It'ar('d at tll(' l)rillt.'iI)all)or(s or Canada, 1919.

Ports.

.
I British Foreign. Total.
:\0. Tonnage. Ko. TonnaJ..e. Ko. Tonnuge.
53 21,967 38 27,842 91 49,809
171 3,404 18 1,051 189 4,455
47 1. &.'\d 27 1,6.=>8 74 3,344
38 46
2 700 40 1,172

6 5,n5 14 6,444 40 12, 179
2
7 H4,46G Ubi 25,86B 3S5 120,335
320 ,')0,239 3,')5 7,S26 G7.j 58,065
1,')9 H),U9 328 23,212 4s7 42,361
2() 8,184 5 2,116 31 10,300
64 16.6U7 134 7,076 198 23,773
20 1,058 48 707 ()
1,765
39 2,8:

14 153 53 2,mn
7 2,414 22 15,232 29 17,646
1,661 3,b08,279 774 1,320,213 2,435 5,128,4!J2
2 1 , 6,')0 5 1,435 7 3,08;)
31
45,434 HI 73,7,')5 459 119,189
175 17,979 26 2,392 201 20,371
129 11 , 767 2'\4 18,121 41
39,888
no 3,09
67 3,4
2 157 6,525
473 3,997 240 2,879 713 6,876
335 230,035 231 45,909 566 295,944
61 2.512 70 3,206 131 5,718
602 52,793 71 5,02') 673 57,821
6 717 10 1,190 16 1,907
8M 3,33S,729 93 130,639 957 3,489,368
308 72,929 1,62
430,832 1 , 936 503,761
8 539 27 8,339 35 8,878
327 53,299 74 876 401 54, 175
1,354 557,456 196 175,352 1,550 7'32,808
44 68, 727 199 231, 6
3 243 300,350
53 8,306 82 16,652 135 2'3,958
6 10,647 - - 6 10,647
60 50,208 117 58,5f)0 177 108, 798
49 4,830 38 3,544 87 8,374
1 827 22 337 23 ... 1,164
1,367 2:}7,361 1,846 109,066 3,213 346,427
171 922, 126 23 26,600 194 948,726
9 6,854 - - 9 6,854
434 40,291 1,138 18,749 1,572 59,040
16 48 136 8,692 152 8,740
644 1,628,385 419 78,756 1,063 1,707,141
31 16,830 101 19,753 132 36,583

Anyox, B.C.............. ...... .
Arichat, 1\ .S... . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Baddcck, X.S..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bathurst, X.H....... . . . . . . . . . . .
Bridgc'wa.tpr.
.s. . . . . . .
Britannia. Bpfieh, B.C........
Campo B{'lIo, x.n.........
Can
o. K .::). . . . . . . . .. .
Charlot tC'tO\\ n, P .E.!. ... ..
Chemainu::! H.C'.........
C]ark'
Harbour, X.S.....
Digby, :--.r.
.
Ga.spé, Qup .....
1Ia.1ifa
, :\ .
.. ... .. . .
Hi1h:horo, K.B........
LadY:Slllith, B.C......... .. .
La H a n>, X.S..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Liverpool, :--.r.R......
Lockport, X .
.......
Lord's Cove, K.n..... .
Loui:sburg. N .S. ... . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Lower East Pubnico,
.s.......
Lunenburg, K.8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moncton, K.ll.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)[ontreal. Que.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xanaimo. B.C..................

ew Westminster, B.C.........
North Head, N.B..............
Xorth 8ydnpy. K.S............
Ocean Falls, B.C..... _ .. . . . . .. .
Parrsboro, N .S. .... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pictou, K.S. ..................
Powell River, B.C......... - . . . .
Port Hawkesbury, N.S.........
Port Simpson, B.C. . . . - . . . . . .
Prince Rupert. B.C. .... . . . . . . ..
Quebec. Que. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rimouski, Que..
St. Andrewf', N .B...
St. George, X.B.... . . . . . . . . . .
St. John, N .B.. _ . .. ....... ...
St. Martin's, N.B........ . . . . . . .

496

TRANSPORTATION AND COJfJfUNICATIO:VS

43.-Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at the Principal Ports of Canada, 1919
-concluded.

British. Foreign. Total.
Ports. ----
No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
St. Stephens, N.B.............. 24 752 80 1,770 104 2,522
Sandy Point, N.S..............- 20 2,422 213 17,044 233 19,466
Shelburne, N.S...... . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1,883 77 6,175 101 8,058
Sidney, B.C............... ..... 112 10,968 203 20,864 315 31,832
Steveston, B.C..............., . 87 1,776 115 3,009 202 4,785
Sydney, N.S................... 1,251 2,568,181 389 721,562 1,640 3,289,743
Three Rivers, Que............. . 2 2,592 2 2,592
Union Bay, B.C................ 90 114,827 602 235,065 692 349,892
Vancouver, B.C................ 1,694 1,941,039 1,220 1,287,288 2,914 3,228,327
Victoria, B.C...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528 1,595,018 2,010 2,091,192 3,538 3,686,210
White Rock, B.C............... 56 1,353 32 322 88 1,675
Windsor, N .S....... . . . .. . . . . . . . 48 28,052 35 10,038 83 38,090
Yarmouth, N.S................ 243 32,479 303 55, 154 546 87,633
4l.-Sea-going Vessels Entered Inwards and Outwards by Countries, 1919.
VESSELS ENTERED INWARDS.

British.

Countries
whence
arrived.

No.
of Tons Crew
Ves- Register . No.
sels.

Great
Britain. . . 709 3,033,097 69,956
Australia. . . 34 147,951 4,921
Gibraltar.. . 163 490,982 7,368
Bri tish W.
Indies. ... 44 79,373 2,710
N ewfound-
land.. . . . . 791 273,170 15,574
Other Brit-
ish posses-
sions. . . . . . 4 16,884 297
Chile. . . . . . . 2 7,585 189
China..... .. 7 39,197 847
France. . . . . . 32 90,761 1,478
Denmar k. . .
Holland. . . .
Italy. . . . .. . 20 61,929 928
Japan.... . . . 2 8,474 354
Norway... . 11, 792
Peru. . . . . . . . 4 136
St. Pierre... 32 2,194 156
Russia..... . 5 19,804 625
Spain... . . . . 7 18,.3 04 282
U ni ted
States.. . . 942 2,017,904 63,951
Sea Fish-
eries. . .. . . 74 6,214 1,335
1vlexico.. . . . . 2 12,742 82
Other
countries.. 9 18,377 391
Sea Cable
and Ad-
miralty.. . 19 27, 848 1,161

63
Total.. . .. 2,902 6,384,682 172,741 5,406

No.
of
Ves-
sels.

Canadian. Foreign.
No.
Tons Crew of Tons Crew
Register. No. Ves- Register. No.
sels.
36,641 1,226 14 33, 170 656
3,978 57 8 19,905 233
2,601 46 11 31,854 465
22,779 885 12 7,433 226
257,969 7,032 123 171,644 2,795
- - 13 36,353 595
- - 2 4,446 55
115,391 6,231 31 136,273 3,522
- - 6 19,685 495
- - 14 13,363 306
- - 8 23,006 392
- - 5 16,358 260
54,749 3,715 61 282,697 6,439
- - 47 114,712 2,312
- - 12 39,768 416
1 , 202 65 39 8,352 864
1,999 80 - - -
99 6 - - -
1,198,961 50,644 5,578 2,235,654 81,874
70,986 14,086 1,402 50,019 13,617
30,058 435 9 57,749 463
6,488 139 86 164,299 2,705
15,786 668 14 23,604 626
1,819,687 85,315 7,495 3,496,3:14 119,316

44
3
1
130
379

27

13

11
1
1
2,897
1,814
15
7

SlIIPJ>I1YG

407

-:1.1.- Sea-\..olD!(\'

cls }
l1tered In'\ard
and Outwards by Countries, 1919 -concludpd.

VE'::)s
LS ENTERED OUTWARDS.

Total... .. 3,197

British. Canadian. Foreign.
No. No.
Tons Crcw of Tons Crew of Tons Crt'w
Register. Xo. Ves- Register. No. Yes- RCl!:ister. .Ko.
s('ls. scls.
3,144,540 6ü,,j51 68 104,99.i 2,681 25
3,24S 1,429
154,030 4,7H.i 7 20, 107 693 11 23,326 293
23,368 ü94 - - - 1 2,34.i 24
29,820 531 15 6,947 103 10 11,9Iü 144
12,889 453 63 10,119 400 12 7,212 212
297,ü61 14,362 436 274,198 7,444 131 162,141 2,769
37,281 1,469 4 nOI 27 - - -
53,438 779 3 3,922 89 8 22,390 315
8,343 116 13 2,OJ ö2 4 6,670 94
5,880 86 - - - 3 k,004 97
38,816 636 27 104,bK6 5,926 lR ,
.
, 19
2,15

3,430 70 23 4,2.')1 165 20 10,875 lS4
864 27 9 2,62S 62 13 24,G02 399
191,025 2,942 6 8,540 191 64 127,348 2,471
- - - - - 11 31,609 607
19,7S4 265 1 3,007 36 7 13,4,j3 280
5, 204 149 3 7,603 306 56 245,714 6,057
- - 11
4,3,j7 626 6 37,029 282
- - - - - 20 40,813 610
7,095 85 - - - 4 10, 799 26
3,220 187 19 2,875 154 39 8,053 716
1,112,200 45,600 2,887 1,209,346 47,041 4,792 2,534,744 81,535
6,256 1,406 2,041 76,780 17,342 2,160 72,532 21,620
34,927 919 5 18,318 909 - - -
12,203 236 42 17,629 377 45 94,238 1,896
2, 465, 340 1 46,266 26 35,344 719 177 294,099 8,518
7,669,ãSl, IbS,517 5, .09 1 1,938,8111 85,3.3 1 7,637 3,958,355, 132,751

Countrie8
to which No.
departed. of
V<'8-
sels.

Great
Britain. . . 738
Australia. . . 41
Bri tish
Oceania... 10
British ::).
Africa _ .. 14
Bri tish W.
Indies. _.. 10
Xe"found-
land...... 771
British
Guiana... 15
Gibraltar... 18
Other llrit-
ish po
s-
sions...... 2

BellSium.. . . 2
China..... .. 6
Cuba. . . . . . . 4
Brazil. . . . . . 4
France...... 62
Holland _ . . .
Italy. . . . . . . 6
Japan....... 2
)Iexico. ... ..
Norway... .
Pcru. . . . . . . . 3
St. Pierre... 37
United
Stat('s. . . . 649
Sea fish-
cries.. .. . . 69
Russia. . . . . . 7
Other
countries.. 9

Sea, Cable
and Ad-
miral ty. . . 718

18427-32

498

TRANSPORT ATI01V Al\
D COJIJfUNlr ATIONS

45 -Sea-going Vessels Entered and Cleared at Canadian Ports with CC}rgo and in
ßallast
1982-1920.

British. Canadian. Foreign.
Fiscal Years. Total
Tonnage.
Tons Tons lOnE'
No. Registpr. No. Register. No. Register.
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,363 6,865,924 11,413 1,937,227 14,530 5,928,337 14,731,488
1903................. . 4,647 7,753,788 11 , 282 2,085,568 12,403 6,001,819 15,841,175
1904. ................. 4,997 8,045,817 11 , 045 1,979,803 14,002 5,801,085 15,826,705
1905................. . 4,614 8,034,652 11 , 279 2,269,834 11 , 904 5,283,969 15,588,455
1906................. . 5,104 9,059,453 12,201 2,304,942 12,511 5,479,034 16,843,429
1907 (9 mos.). . . . . . . . . 4,488 7,576,721 7,880 1,899,141 8,107 4,42P,012 13,904,874
1908................. . 6,356 10,329,515 10,562 2,606,660 12,886 6,555,096 19,491,271
1909................. . 5,795 10,405,370 10, 946 2,806,278 13,441 6,554,228 19,765.876
1910............... .. . 5,780 11,038,709 10,875 3,498,361 13,147 6,267,243 20,804,313
1911......... . . . . . . . . . 6,870 12,712,337 10, 607 3,341,998 12,467 6,242,851 22.297,186
1912......... .. .. " '" 6,766 13,342,929 10,966 4,618, 163 15,134 6,628,513 24,589,605
1913......... . . ... . . . . 7,3Oi 13,896.35
11,810 4,530,835 16,549 7,803,910 26,231,098
1914............. " .,. 7,418 15,711,849 12,786 5,160,799 15,811 8,695,838 29,568,486
1915.......... ... .. ... 6,949 13,931,091 11, 903 4,005,011 15,060 7,466,484 25,402,586
1916........\.. . . 6.817 12,417,944 12,386 3,894,731 18,559 8,514,975 24,827,650
1917.... . . 7,387 16,144,873 12,241 4,343,448 18,500 8,778,753 29,267,074
1918...... 7,3
7 16,959,790 10,998 4,343,8.53 16,597 11 , 483, 484 32,787,127
1919......... 6,099 14,054,166 11,115 3,758,528 15,132 7,448,699 2.3,261,393
1920................. . 5,511 12,320,994 11 , 994 4,434,634 17,353 8,489,126 25,244,754

..s. -Sea-going and Inland Yesst"ls (etClusive of Coasting Vessels) arrived at and
departed from Canadian Ports
1906-1920.

Fiscal Y {'aI's.

British. Canadian. Forpign.
Total
Tonnage.
Tons Tons Tons
No. Register. No. Register. No. Register.
.. . 5,104 9,059,453 32,239 11,241,915 37,644 14,430,804 34,732,172
.. . 4,408 7, 7.56, 721 30,654 11,582,409 25,263 11,436,761 30,595.891
.. .... 6,356 10,329,515 28,795 11, 717, 846 40,461 17,527,670 39,575,0:n
.... .... 5,795 10,405,370 29,247 13,805,790 38,677 16,490,443 40,701,603
.. . 5,780 11,038,709 28,635 15,680,534 41,650 17,848,748 44,567,991
.... .... 6,870 12,712,337 29,670 16,380,146 40,892 18,337,062 47,429,545
... .... 6,766 13,342,929 27,949 18,069,983 45,399 21,560,215 .32,973,127
.... .... 7,307 13,896,353 42,624 20,677,938 47,303 23,275,492 57,849,783
...... .. 7,418 15,711,849 30,234 17,026,121 55,835 29,181,513 61,919,483
... .., 6,949 13,931,091 29,359 17,504,751 48,635 22,168,311 53,ü04,153
...... . 6,817 12,417,944 37,900 17,372,836 75,411 27,930,318 57,721,098
..... .. 7,387 16,144,873 39,978 20,290,252 74,850 29,277,419 65,712,544
..... .. 7,337 16,959,790 34,786 19,890,461 70,781 29,952,237 66,802..488
...... .. 6,099 14,054,166 37,023 17,567,061 52,273 21,607,821 53,229,048
..... .. 5,511 12,320,994 37,388 16,869,619 52,827 20,302,920 49,493,533

1906.. . .. . . . . . . . . . .
1907 (9 mos.)......
1908............. .
1909 . .. . . .. . . . . . . .
1910.............. .
1911. . .. . ... . . . . . .
1912............. .
1913............. .
1914......... .....
1915............. .
1916.... .... . . . . . .
1917........ . . . . . .
1918........ . . . . ..
1919. . . . . . . . .. .. . .
1920............. .

i:SllII JPI...YG

499

;. - Urltish and }'orelgn "esseb ('10))10) cd in the CO.tstin
1'rad(' of Canada, 1916-1920.

I HH6. Un7. 1915. 1919. 1920.
YE ....EL::, .\uun FD-
British-

t ..am. Xo. fi6, 4}',) 6.'),
46 63,5:-"ò :)9,076 ß1 ,
.)f)
Ton
n'gi
tpr. . . . . . 32,0.') 1,450 29, 43:J, 72H, 28,20S,GOI 24, GG6,4:
fI' 27,711 ,7R4
:\um\>t'T of eTt'\\". . 1,3.S,U;
7 I, :J04 , Ria 1,210,71):\ 1,129,514 1 1, 20H, 24:J
. , --,

:":ul. . :\: o.
Ton... rpgisÍt'r.
:\ um h('r of ('rl'\\ ...

FOf('ign -
:'tpam . . Xo.
ron
n'gi
t 'I'.
:\umht'1" of ('re\\"
:-'ail. . . Xo.
Ton
rt'gi
t..r.. . .
XUlllhl'l" of ('1'('\\"...

Dp
('ript ion of vP...
('I

:-'tpa.lll, s(.r('\\".... Xo.
:'t..alll, p:uldl(' ... .,
:-'tpalll,
tprn\\"hp('l "
:'ail,
hip
..
:-'ai I, bar ks. . . .

ail. had.pntiß('
.. ..

ail. hrigantif}(,
... ..
:-'ail, s('hOOf1f'r
.. "
:-'a.il, sloop
, bargt

('anal hoa.ts, etc. ..

\ E

EL
Ðt:P.\UTFD-

Briti
h-

t(>am.. Xo.
Tons rpgi
t{,T... .
Xurnhpr of pr{'w...

.lÏI . . Xo.
Tons TPgist{'T.. . .
:\urnbt'r of ('T('W...

l'orpi
-

team....... ...Xo.
Tons registeT... . .
XumlJl'r of ('rpw...

ail...... .Xo.
Tons T{'gistpT. . . . . .
X urn bel' of erew...

Dps('ription of Ye:-:sds-

team. s('rpw...... Xo.

t('am, paddlp ."

t
am, .sternwhed "
:"all, slup.:;...... "

ail, barks... "

ail, barkpntinl':::L "

ail, hrigant in(>
. .,

ail,
phoon('r:::;. "

ail, sloop=,. barg('s,
('anal, boat:-:, etp. "

1
, 23!J 1
2, 915, ðOS I
72,31:

4.'):? '
,')fi2 , :H II
II. H}.... I
4.
?t
{#4 . 4 !}!J
3,H:?7

1
,IßI I
3. 2(iO, fi:
ti
6;', 24"
:191
299, SS:\ I
7,14:?
41,"1 I
79, 144 1
3,2;"1
5H,fì\O
.
,0.
71
I, .")001
3

n:!
W
II
1:3,347

14,94,.1
3,OS2,450
54, I)G3

13,,),)2
2.
tïS, 4S1
49,2:W

I.J, I.U
2,7X.1,1HR
4S,7US

.
9, G.')!'
.
,'2II
I, :
871
2....
l\)1
I')
ïl
14,9!10 1
3,64!1

3,2.')1

47t' 701 !)f)4
I -.)-t j 756,1 GI 321,771
h
.1_ I
Il.ál.,) 16,310 12,:JSI
2Uf l :
4:JI
04
4:i,914 lIG, 7UO 50,On9
1. S;1 1 2,027 1 , 2'27
,,,q. ,J .14, 4 G.') 56,H22
4.0
"'" 3,-\41 3,7:H
1 ')
")I 1,471 I 1,794
,_. -
II 3
1 21 3
_1/ 1 2
.)j
11,7:13, 1O'0:UI 9,û23
3, ,')Oti 3, S.I}
3,714

fiO, 9.')0 I G'2,500' 60,7,')0. 5G,40i( ,
9, 004
:?9, HOI), 4.5 1 2S, 411 , H47 I 26, 0.1:1, li'''1 2'2, G.12, 01O( 26,414,S'21
I , 2.).), (}5,
I 1,242.04. I, 160, US I I,O
3.012 I, 153, 4:

I
. 311 Ii , .
O; 15,217 1- ')')1/ 12, S.
f)
:>,--
2 ,
Ol , 400 3,204,65'2 2,910,02\, 2, 7
I. 1.6 1 2, 660, 72.

7 I, 473 64, 30:
5û,502 47,S-t4 46,155
4'29 2fO 3.14 5áb 454
5S.
. 05:3 118 , :
S3 157,60.) 543,600 350,310
10, 657 3,742 7,846 10,813 8,624
418 37G 311 26() 262
92,422 87, 54b 44,621 118, G(i8 57 , 9.
C
3,78'2 3,184 1,613 2,442 1,400
54,975 5G,.16!J ,
.
, 92f- 51,994 ;)4,334
5,051 4,703 3,94ð 3,48(i 3,323
1 , 35:J 1,488 1,22ð 1,4S.
1,801
7 26 1 1
24 934 2 6
5 11 1 2
2 2 1
15,216 13, ß6.
12,mO 11, 787 9,46.j
3,477 3,245 3,475 3,69.
3,647

18427-321

.

500

TRANSPORTATION AND COJIAfUNICATIONS

48.-Canadian and American Vessels, trading on Ri',ers and Lakes between Canada
and United States, exclusive of ferriage, 1916-1920.

1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
VESSELS ARRIVED-
Canadian-
Steam........... .No. 12,191 13,026 10,292 11,774 11, 587
Tons register.. . . . . 6,590,696 7,697,451 7,326,058 6,664,144 5,883,911
Number of crew... 242,201 239,914 275,804 207,523 235,405
Sail. . . .. .. . . . . . . , . No. 804 875 1,518 1,087 967
Tons register. . . . . . 228,199 341,931 418,482 416,124 269,908
Number of crew... 3,675 4,387 5,475 5,132 3,653
American- -
Steam. . . . . . . . . . . . No. , 25,821 25,788 24,594 16,325 16,499
Tons register. . . . . . 9,104,989 9,617,072 8,643,144 6,708,059 5,611,030
Number of crew.. 276,539 275,494 264,221 180,420 191,569
Sail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 2,187 2,139 2,196 2,034 1,147
Tons register...... 562,894 622,010 661,297 521,317 319,415
Number of crew... 7,113 7,693 7,348 6,589 3,912
Description of Vessels-
Steam, crew...... No. 34,828 36,200 32,923 26,992 26,664
Steam paddle.... " 3,124 2,562 1,911 1,031 1,384
Steam, sternwheel " 60 52 52 76 38
Sail, schooners. . . . " 801 781 1,063 729 642
Sail, sloops...... . . " 19 18 21 17 11
Sail, barges... . . . . " 2, 171 2,215 1,970 2,375 1,461
Sail, barks...... ., " - - 660 - -
VESSELS DEPARTED-
Canadian-
Steam............No. 11, 754 12,941 10,454 11, 896 11, 847
Tons register.. . . . . 6,446,516 7,565,126 7,351,692 6,320,430 5,976,120
N urn ber of crew... 231,211 250,397 223,094 217,673 236,263
Sail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 765 895 1,524 1,151 993
Tons register.. . . . . 212,694 342,296 450,376 407,835 305,046
Number of crew... 3,541 4,555 5,574 5,009 3,963
American-
Steam. . . . . . . . . . . . No. 25,410 25,455 24,419 16,160 16,249
Tons register... . . . 9,076,845 9,550,386 8,417,326 6,385,048 5,532,881
Number of crew... 279,449 272,675 270,472 178,345 184,109
Sail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 3,434 2,968 2,975 2,622 1,579
Tons register.... . . 670,615 709,198 746,986 544,698 350,468
Number of crew... 9,320 9,077 8,426 7,610 5,150
Description of Vessels-
Steam, screw..... .No. 34,156 35,764 32, 901 26,983 26,672
Steam, paddle. . . . " 2,945 2,560 1,697 1,027 1,386
Steam, sternwheel " 63 72 . 275 46 38
Sail, schooners... . " 778 938 869 716 677
Sail, sloops....... . " 22 4 22 22 10
Sail, barges.... . . . " 3,399 2,921 3,608 3,035 1,885

SHIPPIJova

50}

49.-' e" 'Is built and re
btered in ('allada and \ esscls sold to other Conntrlt!,S,
1901-19.
O.

Buil t. Rpgistpred. F:old to other Countries.
Fiscal Year.

o. Tonnage. No. Tonnagp. l\o. Tonnage. I Value.
S
1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 2t,9.')f) 327 35,ISG 5 4,490 6G,41i8
1 !)O
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 28,
S8 316 34 .
:
() 27 11,360 235,865
1 !)O:J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.) 30,..,.=)6 312 41,40.) 21 11, 172 220,Gm
1901........ . . . . . 214 2f\,397 243 :J3. I9
II 7,20S S7, 115
1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24& 21,8ß.) 335 27,58
21 3,69fì 100,363
190tL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 18,724 420 37, h;
9 4.1 9,487 187,725
1907 (9 months)... . 229 33,20,")1 2'>7 31,li3.") 17 3,855 6S,190
1 90
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 49,9:?s 357 7
I 144 2S 4,51.') 132,9OQ
1909... ............. 3m 2!l,023 "...... 32,hmt l In ' 3,li44 1 9S,643
...11
1910......... . . . . . . . 2fH 24, O.")!)
20 33, 383 1 14 5, 047 1 133,
OO
1911.... . ... . . . . . . . . 247 2:!,
1:?

I 50, DOli 17 5,R
.j 201,526
1912. . . ... .. . . . . 0 . . . 3213 31,Oti.') ,) - 3o,0
11 18 4, :!li3 I 140,350
1913......... ..0. . . 0 324 1 24,32.; 328 30,:!:?,') 20 7, 976 1 GI0,G50
1914........... . 289 1 46,R
Î 230 4li,
O!JI 27 8, :!.")8 169,61

1915 ........... "')4 4.'),721
37 5.'),384' 21 17,044 1,150,950
. . -- I
1916........ . . . . . 167 1 13,49Î 32.:; 10
. 2391 21 4,.')29 192,575
19lÏ........ . . 1
4 28,63,'0; 334 10... 8:?H
I 24,954 4,39S,570
1918........ . . 216 1 53, 9121 3;
tj 70,350 1 2.'),252 5,330,850
1919........ . . 277 104,444 327 lO
,
S:
8.') 48,965 14, (H2, 338
w:?o. . . . . . . 52 16 074 4.59
37 0221 68 53 407 7 819 477

:3

1"

1 ,

50.-
umbcr and 'et 1'onnaJ!:p of 'csst'l
on the ß('J!:istr) of
hippln,." (anada,
1915-19JS.

Description.

Swamers 1 . . . . . . . . .
Ships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barks. . . . . .
Ba.rkentines. . . . . . . . .
Brigantinl's. . . . . . . . . .
Schooners.. .
Sloops. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bargl's. . . . . . . . . .
SCO\\s. . . . . . , . , . . . . . .
yachts........... .0..
Yawls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutters.. ... . . . . . " . .
Drill boats... ..... 0..
Drill scow..... . . . . . .
Dredg('s. .. . . . . . . . . . .
Hou::;e-boats..... _ . . .
Hor::;c-ferri('s..... .. _ .
Floating lights.......
Pile drivers. . .
Light ships..... . . . . .
Cat boats and lug-
gers. . .. ....... .
Lighters.............
Floating Dry Dock..
Rock Breaker.. . . . . .

Ko.
4,132
3
W
11
7
2,614
744
610
478
1
14
101
4

Total
. . . . . . . . .. 8,757

1915.

Tonna.gp.

459,182
2,791
20,236
6,006
914
159, 142
23,895
109,397
68,809
3
359
100
1,379

178
11
4
6
1
4
4
2
1
2

56,336
1 , 03.

49
331
17
472
10
238
17,964
587

1\0.

4,202
3
12
9
7
2,.')6f)
.1
9
.')
S
49.")
1
14
9
4
1
189
11
3
6
1
4

929,312. 8,660

1916.

Tonnage.

1 2
2
1
2

491,IRI
2,7m
14,4421
5,32f'
1,013
15.'), W7
18,417
98,741
73,529
3
360
99
1,379
},j
59,440
1,035
42
331
17
472
6
23

17,964
587

1917.

No. I Tonnage.
4,264 .')23,200
2 1 1, 3f.4
12 14,12R
7 4,2G9
5 818
2,471 158,438
5.
8 16,213
493 95,G.')O
49[1 75,277

14 3ßO
9 99
4 1,379
1 1.3
189 59,536
11 1 , 035
3 42
6 331
1 17
4 472

P 6
2 238
1 17, 964
2 587

No.

o1,36t.
1
12
6
4
2,307
.136
493
394

HH8.

Tonna
e .

a5,J, 983
11
14,12S
4,093
399
157,940
17 ,
61
96,364
87,612

13
9
4
1
192
11
2
6
1
4

352
99
1,379
15
59,664
1,035
30
329
17
472
6
238
17,964
587

1 2
2
1
2

971,:138 8,568\ 1,016,n8

Ilncluding 304: paddle-wheel steamers with a registered tonnage of 58,535 tons and
4,062 screw steamers with a registered tonnage of 497,448 tons for the year 1918. 2Lugp;er
only.

9:12,598 8,559

502

TRA
VSPORT ATIO
V AflD CO]IJIUNICA TIONS

51.-Steamboat Inspection during the Fiscal Year 1918-1919.

N urn bel' of Vessels Inspected.
Number of
Vessels regis- Vessels regis- Vessels not
tered or owned tered or O"\vned Inspected.
Division. in the Dominion. elsewhere.
Gross Gross Gross

o. Tonnage. No. Tonnage. No. Tonnage.
Halifax...... . . . ........... " .., .. . ... 141 44,459 9 14,037 33 5,225
St. John, N.B........................ 115 40,068 2 4,843 88 43, 169
Que bee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 30,117 2 504 40 8,421
Sorel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 35,363 - - 32 16,533
:Montreal.. . . . ., . . . , .. ... '. . . . . . .. . . . . 167 53,288 3 5,238 122 19,418
Kingston. . _ . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . 60 33,430 6 2,155 44 4,413
Toronto..... . . . ... ........ -.. -.... 327 244,643 35 28,011 124 17,058
Collingwood ...... ................. 54 5,646 2 3,921 2 61
:!>ort Arthur. . 85 28,826 1 681 74 6,046
E
rnonton..... . - . 39 6,476 - - 20 1,823
Vancouver. . . . . . . . . - o.. ............. ....... .. 209 90,289 3 10,017 33 31,641
Victoria.. . . . . .......... .. .......... ... ... ...... 122 117,313 12 22,742 32 9,839
Prince Rupert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ..... 42 10,741 6 2,414 8 1,287
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,513 740,669 81 94,563 652 16-1,931

Total. _ . _ . . . . . .

-
Number of Yes-
um bel' of Ves- Numbf'r of Ves-
:sels subject to sels added to sels lost, broken
Inspection when the Dominion
in Commis
ion. register. up or destroyed.
183 63,731 4 3,873 13 6,601
205 88,080 5 6, 1.55 6 11 , 351
137 39,042 6 5,748 2 156
119 51,896 7 2,151 3 323
2g2 77,944 - - 5 5,257
110 39,998 2 34 1 20
486 289,712 22 23,158 15 5-:10
58 9,628 - - - -
160 35,553 11 16,408 7 2,969
59 8,299 - - 1 20
245 131,947 10 87,138 8 2,707
166 149,894 3 2,038 8 3,584
56 14,442 1 16 - -
2,2761 1,000,166 71 14:6,719 69, 33,528

Halifax...... . . . . . . .. . . . . .
St. John, N.B.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quehec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rorel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
::\Iontreal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kingston... . . ., . . . . . ... . . .. . . . . .
Toronto.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Collingwood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Port Arthur. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Edmonton. .... _...........
V anCOUVf>r. . . _ . . _ _ . . _ . . . .
Victoria. ..'
Prince Rupert.

Seamen Shipped and Discharged.-Tablp 52 shows, for pach
year from 1908 to 1918, the nUlnbpr of seamen shipped and discharged
at Canarlian ports under the provisions of the Canada Shipping Act
(R.S. 1906, c. 113, SSe 141-143).

52.-Number of Seamen Shipped and Dischar
e(l at Canadian Ports, 1908-1918.

Year. Seampn Seamen Year. Seamen
eamen
Shipped. Discharged. Shipped. Discharged
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,013 11,542 1913. . . . . . . . .. . . 16,975 13,74D
1909................ . 20,502 11,573 1D14........... . 18,987 14,989
1910................ . 16,735 11 , 069 1915. . . . .. .. . . . . 22,797 14,319
1911........ .... .... . 13,748 11,301 1916........... . 20,902 16,689
1912................ . 13,708 11 , 290 1917............ 16,998 14,145
1918. . . .. .. . . . . . 16,516 12,930

ii/lIl'PI.\r

;)03

"reeks and Casualties.-"rhp statl'lUt'nt in Tahle 53,
tlpplil'd
hy thl' l)t'partlllt\nt of
rarint', :\pplit's to Vt':-:
l'Is of ('vpry nationality
in rl':-\})l'('t of wrp('ks and casualtips in (1anadian watl'rs and to Cana-
dian vt,:-::-:t'ls in r('",pl'l.;t of "Tl'C'ks :lnd C'a
llaItit':) in otht'r watl'rs. l'lll\
return", in sOlne Yt'ar:-: ("0\'(\1' wfl'ek:-\ and ('asllaItil'
of pn'vioHs Yt'ars.

5:1.- ('anadlan "r('('ks ;and f'asualti('s for t h(" ) t'.tr
(.I1(h'd JIIIU :10, tS.0-1900 and for
1901-1919.

Ca
- I i \'(,8 Ca
- Liv('H D
ì car. ual- Tonnage. Danw.g(':-- Year. ual- Tonnagl'.
til'
. lo="t. tie:-:. lo:st. amagl'H.
Xo. Tons Xo. $
o. Ton'i :\0. i
IsiO-l!IO(l 9.lìiOj 3 --- 3(ì- Þ IIl)f fl -.)- "("(I I!H1. 271 122,Gl!' 4" H42.0!J;)
,."1.. Itl oJ, . , ) ,oJ_.),/)
It101 I:Hi 47,ISI 121j 2",'),7S2 1 1!112. 2!t:i l
ml. .';Wl 5911, 0;':1. ïf>

It1U2 22
1 1O.:J.SH: 132 1 ....:
:).
Jlf)i )T'
I !J t:L
')1 270.
JO\ lfj(l l.
Il):J,XiO
1 UU: J nil 162.2!li 3:? 40U.
m I HH-t .,- - 210. 3t;
11, O
3 1 4. U
:
, 7i.)
s 1. l-t3\ 9\ -lS
I. tJ!I!lj _.).)
IUU-t 1
J2 HHj 2....0, 2l-l.n:JI): inl 1.43!J.nI2
1 UU.') . liS 7U.j

13 621.267 HH6. :;osl 242,UUüj 67, 1,377,442
lUOtL . 2211 l:!\I, ';'61 1
!I i ;, 7:1.

II, HH7. ')'
c -1- '3
-l 1-') -I
-O H-:Z

UI ' ;).,. I <>-1' \). .)
1!IOi. . 317 I:H.Hl 5.'). ü72.46ü lUIS". . :l12'Y
1
021 I,RI6,"\13
IB08. . 307 12U.:?tj
J 3-1 1. 3UO. S!)1 I 1919"..... 240 20,;.720 100 1,I--US.6UO
1 UO!). . 34:
1"
.906 2-1 1 1,1:n.U(>t;, -I
lUlO. . 321 211,5wl 10111,j69,5S0,1'otaIS'..IU,.'i30 1 ;-, .uO,6
') I 7 ,9U 1 S9, .6J, J2M

lIrwlucll'S 1,042 lin's lost in the "Emprp:--s of In'land" disa.:--tC'r.
1':).('lucling cla.mag(' to
('argo f'stimatl'tl at ,310,350. 'Inrluckd 32
livps lo:-.t in t}l(' "PrincC':-,:-, :-'ophia." di:--a:-.tC'r.

Calt'ndar
ear.

.'i.j.-('ODll)aratiH'
tah'mrllt of 'brine DallO'\'r
i Fnal" t!ÞO!'-191!'.

I )('saipt ion. 1 1909 . HHO. 1911. 1 U 12. 1913. 1914. 1915. H116. 1917. 1918. lU19.
- - - - -
I Xo. 1'0. '\0. :\0. Xo. :\0. Xo. Ko. :\0. Xo.
o.
Light ..;tation::L . . 946 969
}.)2 - - - - - - - -
Lights. ..... 1,193 1.227 1.21111 1,4.')2 1,39:
1 1,4Ul 1.521 1 , 53.) 1. 5601 1.' 575 1 1,577
Light ships...... 11 12 13 12 12 12 1:'> I:? I:.? 9 9
Light hoa.ts. 2 2 I 1 1 11 ] 11 II 1 1
Li
h t k('(
p('r
.... 923 961 976 1 975 1.020 1 1,040 1 1,066\ 1, 09U
1, 12ti l 1, 12S 1 1,122
FoJ,:!; whisth'
. 15 14 14 13 1 14 13 11 111 11 11 10
Sirens. . 3 3 2 '> 2 2 2' 2 2 2 2
Diaphorws. . . . . . . 65 .. -.) 82 83 1 R91 9S' 105 1 110 113 124 1 12S
,- 26'
Fog hplls. . 20 20 23 29, 26 ?9 31 32 30 29
Hand fog horn:i. . 1O() 121 129 137 1 145 150; 1

' 151 156 15-:1 156
Hand fog ht'lls. .. 4 4 3 2 3' 3 31 3 3 33: 1 5
Gas and whist- 2f)!, I 319 1
ling buoys. 234 254 260 2"1 336, 327 330 339
Whi
tling huoys. 23 24 2
27 29/ 30 1 31 31 32 32 31
Bell buoys....... 5S 50 5;') 6;') 71 82 1 86 1 89 1 87 87 86
Submarine bplls. 9 . 9 10 10 10 1:1 21 22 22 18 15
Fog guns or 9 1
homhs........ . 2
1 7 b 9 !J 1 R
8 6
Fog horns. . 17 12 14 111 12 1 10 7 5 3 3
Fo
alarm sta- I
tion,.. _I U 9 9
12 11 12' 13 1
13 12
Gas bf'acons. . . . . ?" 32 - - -I -I - - - - -
-I

oTE.-Be
ides the foregoing. in 1919 there were 102 lighted spar-buoys, floats and
dolphins. 4.92-1 unli
hted buoys and 408 unlighted dolphins, spindles and beacons.

504

TRA1VSPORTATIOlv AJ.tD COMMUNICATIONS

55.-Revenue of the Department of l\larine, 1915-1919.

Heads of Revenue. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
$ $ $ $ $
Harbours, piers and wharves..... '.' 34,013 57,829 86,110 95,259 76,760
Earnings of Dominion steamers.. . . . . 35,579 35, 071 22,802 9,581 13,621
Decayed pilot's fund............... . 5,949 5,669 5,230 5,316 5,605
Steamboat inspection fund........ . . . 4,065 3,677 2,618 1,589 1,486
Steamboat engineers' fees... . . . . . . . . 1,642 1,415 1,419 1,204 1,288
Sick mariners' fund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,525 72,546 76,994 63,636 69,244
Examination, masters and mates. . ... 4,546 4,828 4,600 4,486 3,274
Casual revenue, sundries..... . . . . . . . . . 143,588 279,678 373,314 46,225 224,547
Sale of steamer "Earl Grey" . . . . . . . . 493,000 - - - -
Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643 744 1,411 1,516 954
Total revenue............. . 7'95.550 461,457' 57'4,498 288,812 396,7'79

56.-E
penditure of the Department of l\larine, 1915-1919.

Ll

Heads of Expenditure. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
cean and River Service-- $ $ $ $ $
Dominion steamers and ice break-
ers....... .., .................... 995,546 1,124,708 1,035,251 1,108,539 1,193,371
Two steamers for maritime........ - - - - 102,656
Wrecking plants (subsidy)......... 45,000 45,000 37,500 42,500 35,009
Other items of expenditure. . . . . . . . 70,403 44,210 33,042 41,635 33,822
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,110,9-19 1,213,918 1,105,7'93 1,192,67'4 1,36:1,849
. gh thouse and Coast Service-
Agencies, rent and contingencies... 141,075 143,881 150,437 165,967 171,270
Administration of pilotage........ . 42,905 41 , 580 44,436 52,068 91,077
Salaries and . allowance to light
keepers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 449,999 449,961 462,407 464,091 519,103
Maintenance and repairs to light-
houses, etc. . . . ................ . 712, 448 604,625 652,591 700,707 668,050
Construction of lighthouses, etc.... 996,638 564,665 331,222 357,543 349,291
Breaking ofice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,062 30,600 34, 150 25,141 39,515
New steamer for St. Lawrence..... 130,957 14,377 - - -
Signal service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,316 57,848 51,859 53,254 54,236
Other items of expenditure........ 18,760 30,222 42, 187 41,538 18,705
Total...................... . 2,583,160 1,937,759 1,769,289 1,860,309 1,911,217
blic 'Yorks, chargeable to Capital-
Ship Channel, River St. Lawrence 999,762 981,761 1,084,770 656,422 425,333
Dredging plant, Rivei' St. Law-
rence, Montreal to Father Point. 578,621 767,078 261,221 94,537 70,913
New ice-breaking steamer for Riv-
er St. Lawrence................. 251,082 101,690 - - -
New sweeping testing steamer St.
Lawrence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,577 86,561 - - -
Allowance to Mrs. 1. Pinard.. . . . . . - - 1,000 - -
Six salt water tugs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 46,528
Total ...................... 1,
92,O:l2 1,931,090 1,346,991 750,959 542,771
ientific lnstitutions-
Meteorological Service-- 188,188
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201,805 172,390 193,886 193,237
om passionate allowance to depend-
ants of SSe Simcoe................ - - - - 61,500
onorarium to J. T. Rowan......... - - - .:. 350
arine hospitals, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,801 66,741 66,818 53,169 74,291
eamboat inspection................ 65,063 64,884 67,560 70,381 72,874
epartmental salaries..... . . . . . . . . . . 239,932 1 205,496 194,778 211,148 212,390
n tingencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,156 23,333 23,669 29,621 30, 702
Total ex enditure. .. . . ... . . . . . . 6,202,90S 5,621,611 4,76S,781 4,361,49S 4,459,165

p

o

Pu

Sc

C
H
M
St
D
Co

1Jncluding salaries of Fisheries Branch.

SIll prll\ r; 505
. åì. -1'0":11 lll'U'IHll' and .
\I)l'nditure of the Ðl'I):lrtn1l'nt of IUarln(', lSfäS-1919.
Heve- Fxpcn- Hpvc- Expen- Hl'VC- Exppn-
Year. m
e. diture. Year. nue. diture. Year. nuc. diture.
S S S S S S
l
u
.... . 71,811 371 ,071 I
R.3. .. 101, 2()
1,129,901 1902., . 148,607 1,501,619
1
()9..... 75,351 360,900 hS6... 91, SS.') 9S0, 121 I!
OJ.. . 139,S76 1,671,495
18;0.... . 71 , 490 367,189 IS
7... 102, 238 917,557 1904. 128,507 2,130,940
1871. . . 70,254 3'\9,337 Ib,--S. 99,9
O 8S3i2.jl 1 n05. . . 121,815 4,747,723
1872.... . 79.32-1 518.958 ISS9. mt,9-10 1,02J,801 EtU6. . . 139,475 5,06H,253
1873. . . . . 114,75G 706,81
18!IO. 115,507 807,417 1907 1 . . lOG,260 3,G37,GOU
IS; -1. . . . . 108, 3.30 8-15,151 1
!t1.. . 104,24f, SS5,410 1nOb.. . 177,591 5.374,774
1875. . .. . 91,235 8.U,5SG 1892.. . 106,582 8Gl, 427 1909. .. 169,502 5,-198,531
1-'76..... 107 , H
4 970,I.Hi 1(,,93.. . 107.390 898.720 1910.. . 156,957 4,ti92,771
1.'\77.. . . . 105,907 820,0,)4 lR!l4. .. 16.
,870 903,6,)-1 1911.. . 1,,)4,4!12 4,197,420
1-'78.... . 100,R50 7S6,15t1 lX9.=>. . . 99, .=).) 7 89.),8

1912.. . lS.j,579 4,911,141
1
79... .. 84,I.g 755,359 1
9ß. .. 10:J,012 793,634 HJ13.. . IS5,725 5, 21:J, 223
löSO.... . 91,942 723, 3

1 1
!l7 . . . 111,009 '\()7,773 1914.. . 217,m4 5,8
S,027
IS
n.... . 10h,30-l 761,731 1898.. . 120,602 R.j6, 192 1915.. . 79,) , 5,')0 2 6,202,908
ISS2..... to9,125 774,832 IS99 . . 126,52\\ 1,102,602 Ht16... 461.4,')7 5,621,611
1
"3.... . 104.3S3 825,011 10UO . . . 130, 22!\ 9b2,562 1917. .. 574,4
)8 4, 76\{, 7S4
I
S-1... . 118, OSO 927,24.2 1901. . . 144.,919 1,029,925 1918. .. 288,812 4, :
Gl, 4gB
1919... 396,779 4,459,165
1Nine months. IIncluJesS493,OOO sale 01 steamer "Earl Grey," sold to Hu
sian Government.
TEL..:(; It .\PII
.

'rhe Canadian tele
raph ::5y
tclns inelude lin('s owncd and oper-
ate(l by th(' DOIninion GOyprnlIll'nt and linl'
, o".IH'd and o})(.'ratl'd hy
railway and t('}ev.;raph ehartpr('d ('OJllpallies. rrhe (
Oypnll)H'nt
telpp.,ruph
eryi('e for the year PIH.led
lareh ai, 1920, had a total
Ipn
th of l
, 137! nlÏI('::) of line:--, of ,,-hich :
;
f) knots, ("a}eulat l'd as
statu tt' nlÏl(':-\, wprp
u 1 nnarinc ('a hlp
. l)urin
the year 191 H-20,
63 nÚlp<o..: of ne\v lines ,,"ere cOI1:-\truct('(l. 'The nUBl her of OffiCl'}; ,vas
1,170 and the meb
.lges
ent numbered 58-1,3-IH a
conlpared with
50ï,027 in 1H1
-19. Details as to thc lo('ation of the lin(':-ì and points
connecÌ{'d are giYPIl in the lh'port for th(' year endeù .:\Iareh 31, 1920,
of the .:\[inister of Public \fork" (No. 19, 1921). rrhp total expendi-
ture on the C
O\ ('rnlHcnt telpgraph lines for t IlP year ,vas
bO(),2-!5,
and thp receipts ,,-ere
277,7 49, signal
crvice lne:-:sag('
, IIlPteoro-
logical :-:eryice Ines::;age;:, and fisherips bulletins being handled free.
Telegraph Statistics.-T'ahlp 58 givps the telegraph statistics
for the year:5 ended June 30, 1910-19, and for the calendar year 1919,
of the chartered cOlnpanie
, as eOInpilcd frolll infonuation supplied
to the DOIninion Bureau of Rtati
tics. A':3 rppurted by the l'ransporta-
tion Diyision of th(' })OIllinion I
uf('au of Stati:-:tics, the nUInher of
land 1l1
..;
age:5 handled by telegraph organization
in the year ended
Dec. 31, 1919, ,,-as 14,200,3-1G, as cOlnpared \vith 12,
77,7.54 in 1918
and 11,817,517 in 1917. Cablegnulls nunlLcred 0:
4,875, as C0I11-
pared with I,021,ð33 in 191ö and 1,084,956 in 1917. Employees
in the service of telegraph organizations nUlubered 7,606 (7,212 in
1918), of ,vhom 4,049 (3,894 in 1018) \ycrp n1ale and 458 (503 in 1918)
were felllale operators; other officers and enlployees nunlbered 3,099
(2,81.5 in 1915). t;alaries and ,vages alnounted to
5,680,409, as
conlpared ,,,ith 83,937,651 in 1018. The aggregate of salaries and
,va
es in 1919 ,vas equal to 72.70 p.c. of operating expen
es ($7,813,-
259) as conlpared ,vith 67.6 p.c. in 191
.

506 TRANSPORTATION A1VD COJL1IUNICA TIOlvTS
S8.-Telegraph Statistics of Chartered Companies, June 30, 1910-1919, and for the
Calendar Year 1919.
Number Number
Companips. Year. Miles of Miles of of of
line. WIn'. messages. 6 offices.
( 1910 11, 134 50,092 2,907,494 1,183
I 1911 10,726 50,568 3,812,159 1,194
I 1912 1 9,582 46,311 4,400,443 1,175
1913 9,582 30, 134 4,559,972 99a
I 1914 9,563 30,134 4,756,322 993
Great Northwestern Telegraph Co....
1915 2 16,337 50,342 4,627,530 1,335
(Xow Canadian National). I 1916 2 17,696 53,881 5,580,956 1,393
I 1917 No info rmation available
l 1918 16,521 49,893 5,655,830 1,416
1919 16,521 49,893 5,768,216 1,518
1919 18,420 56,481 6,400,476 1,522
i 1910 12,2.57 75,758 3,431,493 3 1,372
I 1911 12,866 87,703 3,921,477 3 1,424
HH2 13, 182 96,296 4 4,642,820 3 1,524
I 1913 13,82-1 102,857 4,831,119 3 1,532
I 1914 14,561 105,780 4,22.5,000 3 1,520
Canadian Pacific Railway Co.... j 1915 14 , 633 106, 066 3,965,142 3 1,564
. I
I 1916 14,617 106,143 4,914,519 3 1,663
I 1917 14,649 111,867 5,283,76.P 1,640
I 1918 14:,559 112,242 5, 351 , 022 3 1,600
1919 14:,395 109,153 5 , 369, 074 3 1,523
l 1919 15,061 114,796 5,764,834 3 1,582
f 1910 2,639 11 , 244 551,764 217
1911 2,598 11 , 599 572,081 219
I 1912 2,576 11,674 618,214 216
I 1913 2,278 12,504 621,423 235
.
191-1 2,832 17,463 694,4-17 235
"'estern "Gnion.. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1915 2,8H) 17,130 677,976 2:
5
I 1916 3,082 18,106 647,4-15 241
1917 3,087 17,666 722,633 238
I 1918 2,866 15,712 689,281 225
I 1919 3,660 15,000 758,6S2 225
l 1919 3,631 15, 103 801,709 22ð
( 1910 265 1,865 131,106 22
1911 294 2,299 211,920 25
HH2 300 2,670 167,326 26
1913 343 1,407 147,634 27
Timiskaming and Northern Ontario 1914 343 1,407 136,258 27
Rail way. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1915 332 1,413 120,170 28
I 1916 332 1,670 111,225 28
1917 339 1,684 123,787 28
l 1918 339 1,6
4 114,907 29
1919 330 1,675 119,086 29
1919 330 1,675 130,585 30
r 1910 130 174 3,639 4
1911 214 517 4,497 6
j 1912 378 700 7
.J HH3 314 413 8
1914 42-1 799 8
Algoma Central Railway5....... 1915 424 799 8
1916 424 799 8
1917 424 799 8
1918 424 799 8
1919 424 801 8
1919 424 801 8
IThis Company leased its property and plant in Xew York State to the 'Vestern "Cnion
Co., which accounts for the reduction in the figures of 1912.
21ncluding the Canadian Northern Railway Co.
3N ot including press messages.
41ncluding 962 miles of cables.
IiThese are telephone lines, and are used for both despatching and commercial business.
8Cablegrams not included.

T bL/f GR
l[> II i::J

507

a
.
Tt'lt' rral)h Statlstk
of ('hartert'tI ('Oß1I)allie"" JUlie JO, 1910-191!', :uu) for tlu."
('alcndar 1" car 1919 -(.onl'ludpd.

.
I Year.
l ill's of 'files of Xumher
ulllher
Companips. line. \\ ire. of of
Inp:-;:-;age8.
offi ('es.
I
HI13 85
t) - 3
HI14 b5 H9 - 4
UH.') 8.3 171 - 4
\.Igoma Ea.:-;krn Hailwayl.... . . . ) In16
5 171 - 4
In17
5 171 - 4
IHIS
5 171 - 4
UH!} b.> 171 - 4
HIiU
.j 171 - 4
HHO I,m}!) 5,U
1 71,1.')4 73
I!} 11 1 , 9():{ li,004 101,041) 92
IH12 2,:HO H,7S0 I:J:J,6T; 112
IH13 2,H4S 10,728 155,027 120
IHU :J, IS'> 14,S!14 146, t;"ìg 1:J4
Grand Trunk 1'a.('ific Td<' rraph Co. .
IHl,) 4 , ():
n t:
, 229 IS2,003 213
HHf) 5, 1
IO 20,O
2 21S,W6 2:
3
1
} 17 .=), 179 2(), O,j() 2'>2,577 279
HitS 5,2n 22,00'> 251 , 5:32 27g
UH !)2 2,H20 14,
H6 307 , 5:n IS7
\ 1919 2 2,R17 U,:
06 :
07 , 5:n 1
7
HHO 4.. 7S3 :{
,0l5 63
1 !Ill H í
:J 40,50S 62
1!1l2 ..4 7S:3 "6, mm 61
HI1:J .H ïH3 4H,

os 61
The Xorth
\.meri('an T('legraph Co., I 1 !114 .... 78:3 43, ISO 59
Ltd....... . . . . .
1 tll.
..4 fiG4 45,451 54
1916 .... G()4 .>:
, :HO 50
1917 44 Gf.4 .')S,
02 46
HH
.14 GG4 57,4:
!1 46
1919 44 GG4 112,322 38
I 1919 44 547 113,046 24
HHO 3, tJ
.) 7,
"1 - HH
Canaùian Xorthern Haih\ay Co......1 Hnl 4.367 1:3,073 - 227
HH2 5,2:t
Vi,I!I.) - -
1913 5,457 17,20!1 1,120,ßï6 352
1914 5,924 Ib,233 1,040,8"6 373
.lnclud ed in G.X .W. (nO\\ Canadian
ational).
1911 313 - - -
1912 1, 171 - - -
. Un3 I,42g - - -

ational Tran
continental Railway3..
1914 1,79S - - -
(X'ow Canadian Xational). 191'> 1,990 4,834 - -
! 1916 2,003 5,mm - -
1917 2,009 4,.3S1 4 - -
l 1918 2,009 6,4S3 - -

IThese are telephone lines and are u:,('d for both ù('
patching and commercial business.
2Statistics of lines in Ontario, Quebpc and Xew Brun
\\ick not included.
3Xumber of mC
ßages and offices included in returns from the Grand Trunk Pacific
Telegraph Company.
4The decrease in v. ire mileage is due to the elimination of over 500 miles of metallic
train ùespatching telephone circuits which are not u:--('d for the tran
mi:;sion of commercial
messages.
6Cablegrams not included.

.

508

TRA1\"BPORTATION AND COMi1fUNICATIONS

Wireless Telegraph Coast Stations.- Table 59 sho\vs the
name, situation and range in nautical miles of the radiotelegraph or
wireless telegraph coast stations, as operated by the Departnlent of
the Naval Service, and Table 61 the nUlllber of lllessages and words
handled and the cost of lllaintenance for the stations of the east
and west coasts and of the Great Lakes. For the year 1919-20 the
total nUlnber of messages was 341,333, as cOlllpared \vith 279,981 in
1918-19 and of ,vords handled 6,128,990, as compared with 5,805,771
in 1918-19. Table 60 gives the names of the Canadian Governlllent
stealllers that are equipped ,vith radiotelegraphic apparatus, with
the range of ll1iles for each stealller. A transatlantic \vireless service
is carried on by the Glace Bay, N.b., and Newcastle, N.B., Stations,
which \vork with Clifden and Ballybunion, Ireland, respectively. A
commercial \vireless service is maintained via the Glace Bay Station,
the charge being 16 cents per word as against 25 cents by cable. A
commercial wireless service is ll1aintained \vith Bermuda, via the
Canadian Government wireless station at Barrington Passage, N.S.,
the rate charged per \vord being 28 cents as against 42 cents by cable.

li9.-Coast stations for Communication by Wireless Telegraphy with Ships at Sea

fiscal year 1919-20.

Name of Station.

Situation.

Range
in
nautical
miles.

EAST COAST.
Barrington Passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Nova Scotia... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500
Belle Isle, Nfid... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Belle Isle Straits..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Point Armour, Nfld......................... Belle Isle Straits............ ...... 150
Point Riche, Nfld. " .. ... . " . .. .. ... .. Gulf of St. Lawrence..... .... . .... 250
Harrin
ton, Que. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Gulf of St. Lawrence... . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Heath Point, Que.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., Gulf of St. Lawrence (Anticòsti
Island). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Cape Ray, Kfld........ .. .................. Cabot Straits..................... 350
Cape Race, Nfld......... ... ......... .. .... North Atlantic.................... 400
Grind::;tone Island, Que........ . . . . .. . ....... Gulf of St. Lawn'nce, (Magdalen
Island) . . . . . . .. ................ 200
Fame Point, Que......... . . . ........ . . .. . '" Gulf of St. Lawrence.... ... . " ... . 250
Clark City, Que. .. .., ................ Gulf of St. Lawrpnce........... ., . 250
Father Point, Que........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. St. Lawrence River... . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Grosse Isle, Que . _ _ .. .. . .. .... .... . ....... . St. Lawrence River........ . ..... . 100
Quebec. Que........ ........................ St. Lawrence River............... 150
Three Rivers, Que.... ...................... St. Lawrence River............... 1,1)0
Montreal, Que......... ..... ....... .... '" .. _ St. Lawrence River....... ...... . . 200
Cape Cable, N .S.............. .. ............ North Atlantic......... . . .. . . . . . . . 250
Patridge Island, St. John, N.B..... ...... Entrance St. John N.B., Harbour 250
Cape Bear, P.E.I.. ... ... ' Northumberland Strait.. . . .. . _. 150
Pictou, N.S......... ...... _ " ., . Northumberland Strait.. ...... _." 100
North Sydney, C.B...... . _ _ _ . . . . . _ . . . _ . North Sydney, C.B.... '. . _ . . . . . . 100
Camperdown, N.S.......... .... _. '" Entrance to Halifax Harbour...... 250
Sable Island, N.S................... ..... _. . North Atlantic......... ........... 300
Halifax, N.S.............. .... .., ..... . . . . .. Halifax Dockyard. .............. 100

Direction Finding Stations.
Canso D/F.... ...... ...... . . ..... ...... . ... Nova Scotia..... .' ..... . _........ 150
Cape Race D IF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Newfoundland....... . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 250
Chebucto D/F.. ........................... Nova Scotia... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

TrIRELESS TFLFGRAPIIY

509

.,9., - f'oa!oo( Sfation... for ('oll1mulllc':aflon h) \\Irt'lt'ss Tt'lt'grill)h) "lth :"\hll)S cat
t'a.
IIM'al ) t'ar t919-'
O - l'onl'ludt'lL

:\ nmo of
tation.

GRF."T L"hE
.

Port \rt hur, Onto ........

ault
h'. 'lari(', Ont
Tobermory,Ont.
'Iidland, Ont... ...
Point Ed\\ard. Ont.
Port BUr\\('Il, Ont..
Toronto, Ont. . . . . .. .
Kingston, Ont........

"EST COAST.

Gonzales Hill, B.C. <\ïctoria)....
Point (;r('y, Yancuuy('r, B'<'
CalX' Lazo, R.('.......
Pachl'na Point, B.C...... . . .
Est('van Point, B.C...
TrianJ.!:l(' Island, B.C....
Ih.f'da H('ad, H.C.......
Dead Tn'e I'oint, B.('.
Digby Island, B.C., Prince HUPl'rt. ...
Alert Bay, B.C...

IICDSON BAY.

Port Kelson.........
Pas, )Ian.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

Situation.

. r'ort
\rthur, Ont.............
. Sault }\te. I\Ia.ri('. Onto ......
. En tran('t' ,f';t'oqdan Hay, Ont. . . . . .
. (;t'or
ia.n Ba.y, Ont. .....
Lah.(' II uron. . .
Lah... Erip. . .. . .. . . .
Toronto J
land, Ont..
Barridì..ld Common.

Vi('toria, B.C. .
. Entr:mc(' \ an('ouycr Harhour....
.. '-'trait of (;('Or
ia, near Comox,
B.C. . ....... ..
.. \\ ,.st Coast Vancouver hi and ,
B.C....... .... ......
.. W('
t Coast Vancouver Island,
H.C.. .... ...
.. }\outh of Il..cat(. Htrait... . . . . ., .
.. i""outh of 'Iurf'
hy Island, Q.C.l...
. .
(Juth of Graham bland, Q.r.I..
. Dï,.d>) hland, Entranco Prince
Hupt'rt liar bour.. . .... .
.... C'olmorant bla.nd, B.C.........

. . . . . . . . . . .. II ud:,on Bay. . . . . . . .
............ ('or Communication
K l'l!-on only. . . .

wi th Port

LICE
::;ED CO
U{ERCIAL STATIO:X
.

rublic ComnH'r('ial.

Glace Bay, C.B...............
Kewcastle, K.n......... .. . . . .
J.ouisburg, C.B.

Privatt' Commercial.

Granhy Bay.. . . . . . . . .
KingcoillE' Inlet, B.C....... ....
Thetford ,rim's...
Shawinigan Falls... . . .
)Iaisonn('uve. . . . . .
Swanson Bay. . . . . . . .
Ocean Falls. . . . . . .
Buckley Bay. . . . . . . .
Thurston Harbour...........
Port Alice. .

Iargar('t Bay.......

.......... Sea.r GIa.l'C' Ba.y, C.B.....
.. X <,w Bruns\\ if>k. .. '.. .
. . ('ape BrC'ton.

.... Granhy Bay, B.C.........
..... Kingconw Inl<,t, B.C........
. . Tht'tford 'lines, Que.... . . . . . .
.. :-'ha winigan Falls, QuP...... . . .
.. Montreal. Que.. ...............
.. .. .... .. fo'wanson Bay, B.C.... ...... ..
. . . . rousins Jnl('t, B.C..
.. Ma
s(.tt Inl('t, n.c.............
.. Thur
ton Harbour, B.C...........
.. Quatsino Sound, B.C..............
.. Smith Inlet, B.C..................

Ran
c
in
nauti('al
miles.

3,")0
350
3,")0
3.")0
3.")0
3,")0
;
50
350

230
IjO

350
500
500
450
2,")0
200

230
350

750

750

3,000
2,500
R('('('p-
tion
only.

100
100
200
200
200
150
150
100
100
100
100

510

TRANSPORTATIOIV A}{D COJIJI,/Ul{ICATIO,'yS

60.-CanadIan (;mernment Steamers E(IUil)pcd with the Radiotelegraph.

.N ame.

Range.

Kame.

Range.

Mile
.

Miles.

A bprrlc('n. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acadia.... .
Arlpux. . . . . . . . .
Armentières...... .
Arras. . . .
Bayfi('ld
Canada. .
CartÌPr...... .
Dollard. . . .
Druid. . . . . .
Estpvan... _ _.
F('stulwrt. . . .
Givem'hy _.
Grilse... .
Gulnare _ _
HOf'hplaga. . . . .
.J. A. M f' Kep. . . . . . . .
Lady Grpy.. . . . . .
Lady Evelyn. . . . . . .
Lady LauriN.......

100 Laurentian.....
200 Loos..... _. . . . .
100 Lun'her Lightship.
100 ,Malaspina.._
100 Margaret.
100
lont('alm _ . . _ _ _ . _ . . . . . _ .
150 Newington. _....
100 ;..Iiobe.. ........
If 0 Rt. Eloi.... . . .
100 p. E. Island "
200 Rainbow........
100 81,. Julien. . .
100 Shpha. . . .
100 Rtadacona. .
100 Stankv.....
100 Thiep
al. . . . . . . .
150 Thos. J. Drummond..
100 Yimv..... ..
100 Ypn:s........ '" ..
150

150
100
100
200
200
150
100
400
100
100
250
100
200
150
150
100
150
100
100

61.-Business and Cost of Maintenance of Radiotelegraph Stations for the }'iscal
Years 1918-1919 and 1919-20.

1918-19. 1919-2Q.
Stations.
:\1 e ssage s \Yords Cost of :\Ipssagps Words Cost of
handled. handled. main- handled. handlpd. main-
tenance. tcnance.
No. No. $ No.
o. $
East Coast. a_. . . . 70, lï9 1,565,6
8 74,2üH 147,208 2,8ßO,R21 6
, 908
Gnat Lakps....... . 19,120 402,9
7 :?8,274 2Q, 1.57 370,021 28,258
W<,st Coa"t.... . . . 187,668 3,625,100 60,512 173,968 2,898,148 57,340
Hudson Bay2......... . 3,004 212,036 1 1 1 1
. .
Totals. _ . . . . . . ... ... 279,981 5,805,771 '163,055 311,333, 6,128,990 I 118,506

IBorn(' by Departmpnt of Railways and Canals.
tion in 1919-20.

2Hudson Bay stations not in opera-

TELEPHONES.

The report for 1919 of the Don1Ïnion Bureau of Statistics on
Telephone
tatistics ::sho,vs that the nUlnber of telephones in Canada
in the ealendar year of 1 919 ,va
778,758, as cOlllpared ,vith 662,330 in
the year ended June 30, 1918, 604,136 in 1917 and 548,421 in 1916,
and the \vire mileage ,vaR 2,105,240 in 1019, a
against 1,848,4G7 in
1918,1,708,202 in 1917 and I,GOO,564 in H)1G. In 1919 the gross
revenue fronl telephones \vas $29,401,006 as against $22,753,280 in

TE[
J'.'lJIIOS ES

511

Uq
. and t hp npt rpVCIHIP Io.;Ç) ,31 H,.")70 as a1!,ain:-:t
n, 1 O
, 7H2. rrhe
nUlnhpr of telppholH' PII)ploypp:-; \\":1:-;
(),-tn 1, a
('olnpan'd with 17 ,

;3G,
and thc
a)arip
and wag('
anlountpd to '-I13,774.3Sö. n
('oHlparpd
wit h '" 1 O,-l 1 O,
07 in 1 n l
. 'I'hl"
pnpral progrp:-\s of Íf'h'phoIH':-\ in
('anada
iIH'(' un.') is :-\ho\\"n in '1'a1>l{' 62.

'
.-Prout.'..s of Tt'lt'ltholH's In ('3n3da for C ht' ) t'ars t'lldt'd June 30. 1!Jt..-1919, and for the ('alt'ndar
\ ear 1919.

I terns

June 3D,

DC'c 3J,
1919.

Capitalization
Co
t. ....
Hc\.cnue......... .
Opemtin$1; e'tpen...
..

alaric:,> and \\ aJ!:t
. . ..

Tt'lephone CompaniP8. . .
\\ ire milt'age
Telephone::) .
J :mployet'S. _ " .
Pl'r
ons pt:'r t('lt'phon(' . .
Persons per mile of \\ ire ...

1915. 1\116. 1917. l!HS. 1!1l9.
S S S S S
74,2
4,!)Hl 76. 9
O,314 79,121. i02 &5.
i4, G9t 91.004,925
H3. 792, 5
1
"'..)
(\020 94 , 4m' . !):l4 I04.36S,(j
S 113.
%. 160
17,601.673 1))..')94.268 20, I:?
. 21'\2 22,753.21'\0 24. fìOO, 536
12, f..36. 715 11. 14i,201 12. O!I.í. 420 1:3.6H.,;18 16.167.99

S,35i.029 7
.,)2. 719 8. Sð2,59J 10,410.807 1:3, 04
, 05.í
I Xo Xo Xo :'\0. i\o.
1,396 1,592 1.695 2,007 2.047
1.4.52.3tjO 1.600. .í64 1.70X,202 1.
4'i.467 1. !15I,,I)6

5:33.(mO :;4'\.421 60i,I3fi lJô2.330 i24.50n
15.072 15.241 16 490 17 ,336 19,057
1.5.1 14.8 13.S 13.0 12.2
5,6 5.1 4.9 4,6 4.5

S
100,587,833
I
.j. 017.222
2!}. 401, 006
20, Ohl. 436
1,j,ii4,.íS6

Xo.
2.219
2,105,240
778, 7.')

20.491
11.3
4.2

6.
. - ","umh('r of T(.It'I)holl(, ('oml)alll('
r('IJOrtin!:: to th(' I)('partnwnt of Uall\\a)'s and
('anals, h) Itrmillcf.''', Uecemb('r 31, 1919, \\ it h total
for tlu' ) ('ars ('Iuh'd June
30, 1911-19.

I CO\ pm I \1 uni- Co-oJ>- Part- Pri-
Pro\-in('f's. rUt'n t . ..ipa.l.
toek ('rativ('. npr:,hip. vatf'. Total.
I
UH9. I Xo. Xo. Xo. Xo. -:\ o. "'\0. Xo.
Prin('(' Ed ward I
lan(l. . . . . . . . - - 3 3.=) - - 3R
X ova Seotia.. . - -
4 144 - 7 175
X ('w Bruns\\ ie k. . . - - 17 10 1 2 30
Quphp('. . - - 71 61 2 C)- 161
_I
Ontario. . . . 2 if) 201 24.=) 15 55 594

Ianitoba. . 1 7 3

- 3 36
Sa:-ö1..atehp\\an......... . . . 1 4 32S bO
- - 1,141
_-\lIwrta... . . . 1 1 7 21 - 1 31
Briti
h Columbia.. . . - 1 11 - - - 12
yukon..... . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . - - 1 - - - 1
Totals. 1919. Ð('c. 31 _ _. 5
9 666 1,3-16 18 95 2,219
Totals. 1919, .June :$0 .. . 5
2 690 1,163 It 96 2,0-17
Total!'., 191
, June 30. . . 5 7-1 735 I,Oð5 12 96 2,007
Totals, 191ì, June :JO .. . 5 ;3 6-15
.J.1 Ii 11-1 1,695
Totals, 1916. June 30 .J 61 66)') ;65
3 111 1,592

...
Totals, 1915, June 30. . .J 62 5S:I 601 2S 11i 1,396
Totals. 19tt, June 30 ... 4 58 611 29i :IS 118 1,136

512

TRANSPORTATION AND C01JfJYIUNICATIONS

Gt.-Telephones in use and mileage of Wire, by Provinces, December 31, 1919, with
totals for the years ended JUlle 30, 1911-19.

Telephones in use. Mileage of wire.
Provinces.
Cen tral Magneto. Total. Urban. Rural. Total.
Energy.
.
1919. No. No. No. Miles. Miles. Miles.
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . 1,749 1,489 3,238 1,697 2,690 4,387
N ova Scotia. . . . .'. . . . . . . . . 19,786 10,867 30,653 36,327 20,211 56,538
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . 14,924 11 , 836 26,760 22,085 12,122 34,207
Quebec..... . .-. . . . . . . . . . . . 90,310 36,718 127,028 296,101 67,003 363,104
Ontario....... . . . . . . . . . . . . 192,649 139,623 332,272 523,833 224,060 747,893
Manitoba....... . . . . . . . . . . 41,225 21,744 62,969 133,536 68,249 201,785
Saska tchewan. . . . . . . . . . . . 26,195 52,666 78,861 134,219 219,403 353,622
Alberta.......... . . . . . . . . . 29,532 19,806 49,338 114,191 62,132 176,323
British Columbia........ . 58, 171 9,278 67,449 154,590 12,032 166,622
yukon................... . - 190 190 261 498 759
Totals, 1919, Dec. 31.. 471,5t1 30",217 778,758 1,416,848 688,400 2,105,240
Totals, 1919, June 30., 424,535 299,965 724,500 1,301,222 617,340 1,951,562
Totals, 1918, June 30. 38:1,687 277,643 662,330 1,249,630 598,836 1,848,466
Totals, 1917, June 30. 352,770 251,366 60:1,136 1,186,528 521,675 1,708,203
Totals, 1916, June 30. 323,109 225,312 518,421 1,125,365 475,190 1,600,561
Totals, 1915, June 30. 313,225 219,865 533,090 1,009,117 413,213 1,452,360
Totals, 191:1, June 30.1 310,166 210,978 521,14J 962,9:17 380,143 1,3:13,090
I

65.-Wire Mileage of Telephones by Classes of 'fire, June 30, 1919, and December 31,
1919.

June 30, 1919. DeC'ember 31, 1919.
Class of 'Vireo
Urban. Rural. Total. Urban. Rural. Total.
Miles. Miles. l\files. Miles. Miles. Miles.
Gal vanized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,285 576,132 624,417 38,955 606,414 645,369
Copper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,713 65,941 84,654 26,506 77,211 103,717
Cable-Overhead. . . . . . : . . 443,319 4,252 447,571 484,548 3,768 488,316
Underground.. . . . . 792,680 4 792,684 865,567 7 865,574
Submarine. . . . . . . . 1,225 1,011 2,236 1,264 1,000 2,264
Totals......... . . . . . . . 1,304,222 617,340 1,951,562 1,416,840 6S8,400 2,105,240

TELEPHOlYES

.

513

66.- ('allltall.labUlty, {'ost. U('\CIUU". and OI)('ratil1
}
XI)("I1S(,,
of T('lephones, Dec.
31, 1919, \\lth totals Cor the J'ears cnded Junc 0, 191-1-19.

Provinces.

1919.

Princc ]:.,d ward Island. . . .
X ova :O;cotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
XC\\ Bruns" ick. .. .......
Q u (' bpc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario........ . . . . . . . . . . .

Iånitoha........ . . . . . . . . .
Sa
katchcwa.n... . . . . . . . . .
Alberta. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hriti
h Columbia...... . . .
yukon......... . . . . .. . . .. .

Totals, 1919 n(,,(..:n.

Totals, 1919 June ,
tt
Totals 191t'l JUIU" ,
o

Totals, 1917, June,m.

Total"" 1916, June 30
Totals, 191,j, June 30
Totals. 191-1. June 30

Capital
Stock.

s

Funded
Dpbt.

Cost of
Property
and Rev('nuc Operatinjl. Net
Equip- . Expenses. Rcvenue.
mcnt.

$

s

s

s

163,095 50,000 35.3,646 S.3,732 45,132
2,9-19,758 1,.300,000 4,
J34,619 1,
60,SOl 1,005,948
1,R40,
63 61,650 2,6.11,117 762"H4 1 620,679
23,;)SO,747 1l,92:J,3S3 53,R35,450 14,95J,793 10,:J20,210
2.-149,297 2,41':>,002 6,R21,181 1,499,5:>2 1.074,983
27,733 13,32
,;)46 13,390,842 2,323,fì40 1,845,935

3j,:J:>;)
O,I
JO,:J75 20,6
3,102 3,570,74S 2,06
,2B2
134,724 13,3mJ,811 13,:
98,043 2,lOG.21O 1,116,8
2
3,IS0,6()} 2,47R,S:J3 8,772,()62 2,R15.fiOI I,HH6,54R
65,000 - 19-1,5601 21,055 15,887
.
. '!"a.
"l.1 b5.,lb" 00ø r!...ol7.m ',9.101 fHlb
d.O
1.1'1'1
,I'!.lk'! 0-.0 "S"'22.S.J\l32'JI; I:;J 21.1>0" 53) 16.16..99t

9
O;
,CJ!tO ;)5 171,4ÞOI"OI3ti."! b2i 22,;53,2
(tI13,b..,5181
I , I I
!9 li6

6ì 19 6t.') 3:
!.-I lti!".
31 '!O 1:!
,2
2 I:!.O!}.
,-I'!fi
'!9 U6 9.),) H ,)o:
3.)
1

';20 CJ'!1 1 1S .')91 2(i
1 11,117,20. 1
"!s 9.;,1,!.)II..),.
;Jì \\(j!.1 ,I 79"! ;)S:J 1 17 (jOI 6;3'12 ,,:
(;,714Þ1
I I I 'I - I
'S tilt 310 U 61;.5:;1 -O,"Js 3.'i.II7;!9..
G'112.S'f'.j...ll

S
40,600
254,853
142,195
4,633,583
424,569
477,705
1.501,456
9S9,388
849,053
6,168

9,319,570

8,132,51-1

9, 1 O
,;- fi">

8,tJ:!(j,
.)6

1,-1-1 "1,061

.. 76-1 9,jl

-I,-II-I,S61

r()
T.\L
T.\.TI
TIC
.

The report of the Post Office Departlnent for the fiscal year
1020 ::;ho,,::) a slight decrea:,c froln 12,2VO to 12,231 in the number of
po
t-offices in o}J('ration. Thi:-; dc{'line has been luainly due to the
extension of rural nutil delivery, ".hich has rendcrcd unnecessary
Inany of the slnall('r Offil;CS. .At the end of the fiscal year 1920 there
,vere 3,7:37 rural luail delivery routps in operation with 189,081 boxe
,
as against 3,705 routes and Ibl,;jO;') boxe
in the previous year.
During the fiscal year there \vas an increase of VjS rniles in the
system over 'which the Inails are carried by raihvay, thu::; bringing
the total actual track Inilea.
c for the carriage of Inails on l\Iarch
31, 1920, to 35,542 miles. The total n1Ïlcage of mail conveyance by
raihvay ,vas 39,355,26
Iniles, as against 37,292,931 in the previous
year. The net revenue of the year amounted to S24,449,917 and the
c'Xpenditure to
20,77 4,38,=), leaving a surplus of s3,6 75,532. The
corresponding figures for the previous year ,vere
21,602,713, 519,273,.
854 and S2,329,129 respectively.
18427-33

.

514

TRANSPORTATION AND COJI1\IUNICATIONS

.

67'.-Number of Post Offices in Operation in the several Provinces of Canada, March
31,1920.

Post Offices
Provinces. in Estab- Closed in
Operation lished during Operation
Mar. 31, during Year. Mar. 31,
1919. Year. 1920.
Prince Edward Island........ . . . . . . . . . . 145 - 8 137
Nova Scotia........................ ... 1,865 11 31 1,845
New Brunswick........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,157 8 20 1,145
Quebec............................. ... 2,279 34 25 2,288
Ontario..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,588 32 48 2,572
Manitoba..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 17 13 794
Saskatchewan............ '" . ..... . .... 1,440 23 33 1,430
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,195 26 30 1,191
British Columbia...................... 808 36 18 826
Yukon Territory... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 - - þ 23
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,290 187 226 12,251

68.-Statistics of Gross Postal Revenue of Offices collecting $10,000 and upwards,
1919 and 1920.

Name of Post Office.

1919. 1920.
S S
51,238 56,426
18.463 19,609
143.495 149,80t
40,920 39, 182
9,821 12,009
14,340 15,178
13,728 13,807
16,064 15,754
313,944 343,958
16,334 17,569
10,941 11 , 335
36,029 33,217
17,198 17 ,084
12,816 13,265
10. 523 8,866
61,169 60,613
10,175 9,664
42,847 45,785
19,695 17,356
10,355 11,843
23,578 24.700
1,1'ì2,323 1,195,204
10,421 11, 852
16,745 18,224
12,810 12,937
55,640 58,785
69,333 105,545
13,052 12,893
231,678 250,832
16,983 17,228

P. };. Island.
Charlottetown. . . . . . . . . . . .
Summerside...... .........

Total for Province. . .. . . .

Nova Scotia.

Amherst. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Antigonish.... .. .. . .. . " .
Bridgewater. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dartmouth. . . . . . . . . .
GlaceBay...... ..... ..
Halifax......... . . . . . .. ..
Kentville. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lunenburg.. ..,.........
New Glasgow.. . . . . . . . . . .
North Sydney...........
Pictou. .................
Stellarton. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sydney.. . . . . ., .........
Sydney Mines. . . . . . . . . . . .
Truro................. ..
Windsor. . . . .. . . . . . . . .
W oHville. .... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yarmouth. . . . . . . . _ .

Total for Province........

New Brunswick.
Bathurst. . . .. . . .
Campbell ton.... .........
Chatham.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:Fredericton.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Moncton. . .. ............
Newcastle. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
St. John........ . . . . . . . . .'.
St. Stephen. . . .. . . . . . . . ..

Name of PCist Office. 1919. 1920.
w Brunswick-con. S $
c kville. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,892 12,933
ssex............ . -. - 14,989 14,339
oodstock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,966 17,526
tal for Province. . . .. . . . 786,748 854,155
Quebec.
hicoutimi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,404 15,897
aticook............. .. 9,366 10,916
ranby.... . . . 13,956 14,675
u]l. .....o...o.....o.... .. 20,492 21. 824
liette......... . . . . . . . . . . 14,878 16.785
Tuq ue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,987 11 , 503
ontreal. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,398,185 2,738,29h
ebec........ . 342,063 380,528
ichmond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,258 10,083
. Hyacinthe....... _ , . . . 25,181 28,578
. Johns....... . . . . . . . . . . 23,181 15,366
. Lambert (Chambly). 20,999 22,125
awinigan Falls..... 18,621 20,446
erbrooke..... .. ...... 79,911 85,428
reI.......... . '" ....... 11,443 11, 173
etford Mines......... . 11,541 12,229
rce Hivcrs............. 36,980 45,510
lleyfield. . . . . . . . . . _ . . . 10,954 10,119
ctoriaville. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,923 12,714
estmount....... . . . . . . . . 27,435 25,091
tal for Provllu.e. . . . . . . . 4:,329,359 4,813,338
Ontario.
. nprior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,646 14,199
rora.................. . 10,665 11, 207
ylmer West.. ........... 13,471 12.813
Trie......... . . . . . . . . . . . 25,306 25,093

Ne
Sa
Su
W

To

C
Co
G
II
Jo
La
1\1
Qu
R
St
f't
St
Sh
Sh
So
Th
Th
Va
VI
W

To

A"
Au
A
Ba

POSTAL STATISTICS

515

1S.-Statlstl(.J:t of (
ro
s Post.a! U('\cnue of ()fIi('('s collectin
1919 énul 1!J2D-con.

10.000 and upwards,

Kame of "Post Office.

1920.

Ontarlo----ron.
Belleville . . . . . . . . .
Bo\\ manville........
Brace
ridge .....
Bramptun..... .
Brsntford.... .
Bridgcl?urg....... .
Brock\.lllc.... .
Camphcl!ford. .
Carleton 1'1.1,('('.
Chatham..
Cohalt... .
Cooourg. .
Cochrane.. .
("ol1in
\\ ood . . . . . . . .
Corn\\all.... .
D cronto.......
I )undW:!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dunnvil1e.. ..............
Fergus.. .....
Fore!.. .. . . . _
Fort William.....
Fort FrancCd...
Galt.
Gunn.noque...... .
Godcrich. .. . _ .. ..
Grin1l',by.. .....
Guelph. . . . . . .
] laileybury..
Haruilton. .
Hanover. .
JIarriston.. . . . . . . .
H
peler, . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Huntsville.........._.... .
Ingt>rsoll.
Kenora. . . . . . . .

ncardine. . . . . . .
Kln
gton...... . . . .... . . . .
Ki tchener . . . .
Leamington...... .
Lindsay...... . .. . . ..... .
Listowel... ........ .. . . . ..
London. . . . . _ .
Meaford....... .. . . . . . . . . .
Midland.... ...,. . .. . .

Iount Forest........ .. . . .
K apanec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ke\\ Liskeard....... ...
N e\\ market. . . .. .. ., ....
Nia
ra Falls.. . . . . . . . . . .
Nia
ara-on-the-Lake. .. . .
Korth Bay...... .. .. .. . . .
Oakville. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oran
eville.. .. .... .. . . . . .
OriIlia. . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. ...
Oshaws................. .
Ottawa. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Owen Sound.... . .. .. . . . . .
Paris....... . . . . . . ... .. . ..
Parry Sound. . . . . .
Pembroke............... .
Perth. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . _ . .
Petawawa Field Camp.. .
Peterboro. . . . . . . . . . . .
Petrolia. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Picton.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Port Arthur........ .
Port Colborne.. . . . . . . . . . .
Port Hope.. ............
Prescott......... . . . . . . . . .
Preston. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18427-33!

1919.

I

48,272
12,349
12,099
21, i6ï
117,5!19
16,108
47,0.12
11, i09
13,S22
58,806
26.133
21,662
9,51)6
24,6
4
28,520
13,9:17
18,\194
15,810
13,643
8,307
62,2ï3
9,
ïO
55,742
15,:;
0
17 , 396
11,115
84,718
14,666
4ïO,961
12,707
10,008
11 , 050
10,440
23,409
16,1bö
10,250
116,28S
78,682
14,4ï8
30, ().')O
tI ,9öï
346,850
12,41á
21,367
10,145
18,206
10 , 954.
17,017
79,356
10,531
38,446
13,Oï4
10,725
39,229
38,513
462,489
44,046
17 , 190
17,845
28,821
22,086
13,570
89, 160
13,556
15,799
47,209
12.113
18,
02
10 , !l64
17,012

1
20.

I
48,5':>4
12,600
12,6iO
21,617
120,4iO
15.9B
44, 7!1l
10,617
1:1,4:?-l
63,127

6,261
21.518
1O.92ï
23.no4
29,682
5,755
17, 2
7
16.152
14,6.)7
12,'j-l

64, !Iìá
10.6i4
53,940
16,141
17 ,442
11, 1.-'0
93,6OS
15,500
489,571
13,123
10, 14

1O,
48
11, 'j93
23,265
17,168
9,8fì5
120,766
"7,294
14,099
29,629
11,746
369,378
11,161
20,322
10,137
19,353
11 , 739
14,923
75,699
5,363
40,450
12,705
10, 728
41,035
49,601
470,141
44,9ï4
16,658
14,907
28,319
22,519
93.089
13,219
15,236
50,447
13,983
19,968
11 , 274
18,481

.
Name of Post Office.

Ontario-con.

Renfrew.... ......... ...
St. CatharÎ.1K'8..,..... . . . .
St. Mar) s..... . . . .. . . .
St. Thomas....... ..
Sand" ich..

arnia... .
Sault Ste. Marie..,...
:-'catort h . . .
SImcoe........ .
Smiths 1;'aI19. ,
Stratford.. .
Strathroy. . . . . . . . .
Sudbury. . . . . . .
Thorold... ....
Tilsonourg. . .. . . . .
Timmin
. .. . ... .
l'oronto. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
l'r<.'nton. ... . . . . . .
W al k('rton . .. . ... .. . . . . . . .
WalkerHlle. .. .. .. .. . ... .
WallaC'courg. . . .
Watt'rloo.... ..
WeIland..... .. _ . .
Weston...... ..
\\hithy...
\\ indsor. .. .. .
\\ ingham ... .
\Vooùstock.... ... . . . . . . . .

Total for Pro\lncc.... .. .

'Ianltoba.

B rundon. ....... . . .
Dauphin. ..
Kecpawa...... ...... ..
Portage Ia Prairie... ,. .. .
Virden.... ........
Winnipeg.... .....
Total for Pro\lnce.... .. .

Saskatchewan.

Estevan. . . ... . . . . . . . . .
Humboldt.. .

laple Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . .
'If')fort........ .. . . .. .

Ielville...... . .. . . .. .. .. .
Moosejaw.. .............

orth Battlcford.........
Prince Albert. . .. .. . .. . . . .
Re
na...... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatoon....... . . . . . . . . .

,\ ift Current.
\Y eyburn. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .
York ton.. . . . . . . . .. .....
Tot.al for Pro\lnce......

Alberta.

Banff............ .....
Calgary. . . . . ... . . . . .
Camrose............ . ....
Drumheller......... .....
Edmonton.............. .

191 g.

I
27,502
76,259
16,645
56,430
9,636
54,200
ti4,401
10,
60
19,
81
24,336
49,314
12.214
40,368
10,ï93
15,219
13,2.')5
4,458,970
23,213
10,920
45,530
11 , 994
22,5J2
43,347
13,129
14,409
132,211
11 , 177
<<,571

10..iOl.
9

90,372
19,66:1
11,7 J5
33,936
10,619
2,303,206

2,983,6ã8

16,003
10,803
10,293
10,282
9,407
123,741
23,501
35,923
544,941
194,421
35,790.
29,577
29,470
2,176,670

8,580
452,253
13,828
9,997
317,602

I
26,710
78,645
]6,244
54.803
11 ,007
55,532
69,195
10.453
19,160
2á. 4ti8
50,165
tI. 590
47,OG2
11 , 70M
14.5S-9
17,211
4,896,41'\0
19,199
11,047
55,{}h9
J2,890
24,G73
44,5ï8
14,J:>1
11,642
156,426
10,879
43,801
10.993,
ã8

97,207
22, 1O

11 ,539-
38,143
9,687
2,585,451
3,261..f7:!

18,092
11,712
10,746
12,987
10,208
129,957
24,099
45,763
599,195
229,728
32,986
30, 196
32,793
2,311,457

11 , 396
493,445
14,535
12,541
367, 120

516

TRANSPORTATION AND COMftIUNICATIONS

6S.-Statistics of Gross Postal Revenue of Offices collecting $10,000 and upwards,
1919 and 192o-concluded.

Name of Post Office. 1919. 1920. Name of Post Office. 1919. 1920.
Alberta-con. S S British Columbia-con. S S
Lacombe......... ...0. .. . 11,424 11,769 Vancouver. .. .. . ... o' . . . . . 732,363 826,142
Lethbridge. . . .... . . . . . . . . 59,870 59,462 Vernon. . . 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . 20,655 26, 178
:Macleod......... o. . ... . . . 11 ,278 10,646 Victoria. . 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . 235,906 252,451
Medicine Hat. .. . . . . . . . . . 48, 688 49,278
Red Deer..... . . . . . . . . . . . 17,067 17,544 Total for Province. . .. .' . 1,716,078 1,886,561
Stettler.. . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . 9,583 10,425
Vermilion....... . . . . . . . . . 10,656 12,023
Vegreville. . .. . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . . 9,400 10,053 Yukon.
Wetaskiwin............. . 14,630 14,778
Dawson..... .0' . . . . . . . . . . 10,565 5,158
Total for Prmlnce....... 1,678,030 1,817,049
Total for '1 ukon. .. . . . . . 15',828 10,034
British Columbia.
Summary .
Chilliwack. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 12.893 13,166
Cranbrook.. .. . . . . . . . . 0 . . 14,056 15,637 P.E. Island...... 0....... 143,495 149,804
Duncan Station.........o. 10,169 11,726 N ova Scotia.. . 0 0 . . . . . . . . 1,172,323 1,195,204
Fernie. . . .. . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . 15,267 15,296 New Brunswick....o..... 786,748 854,155
KamloopB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,643 28,853 Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 4,329,359 4,813,338
Kelowna. . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 14,651 17,288 Ontario. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,501,629 10,993,258
Nanaimo. . . o. . . 0 . . . . . . . . 0 27,641 25,629 Manitoba............... . 2,983,658 3,261,473
Nelson.... .. .0' . . . .. .. . . . 34,305 37,411 Saskatchewan. 0.......... 2,176,670 2,311,457
New Westminster........ 63,369 53,520 Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . 1,678,030 1,817,049
North Vancouver......... 14,578 14,535 British Columbia.. 0....0. 1,716,078 1,886,561
Penticton. . . . . ........0.. 11,513 15,280 Yukon.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 15,828 10,034
Prince Rupert..... . . . . . . . . 26,151 32,531
Revelstoke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,569 11 , 997 Total.. .. . . . . . . . . . 25,503,818 2; ,292,333
Trail. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,342 11,357

69.-Revenue and Expenditure of the Post Office Department for the quinquennial
years 1890-1910, and for the years 1911-1920.

Fiscal Years. Net Expendi- Deficit. -SuI'T'lus.
revenue. ture.
S S S $
1890. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,357,389 3,074,470 717,081 -
1895. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . 2,792,790 3,593,647 800,857 -
1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 3,183,984 3,645,646 461,662 -
1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 5,125,373 4,634,528 - 490,845
1910. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,958,547 7,215,337 - 743,210
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 9,146,952 7,954,223 - 1,192,729
1912. . . . 0 . . . .. . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,482,255 9,172,035 - 1,310,220
1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . 12,060,476 10,882,805 - 1,177,671
1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 12,956,216 12,822,058 - 134,158
1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . 13,046,650 15,961,191 2,914,541 -
1916..0........................0...... . 18,858,410 16,009,139 - 2,849,271
1917. . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 20,902,384 16,300,579 - 4,601,805
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 21,345,394 18,046,558 - 3,298,836
1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 21,602,713 19,273,584 - 2,329,129
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,449,917 20,774,385 - 3,675,532

POSTAI.J STATISTICS

517

70. - Iall !SubsIdies and Steamship Sub"entlon
. 1918...1920.

Service.

1920.

Canada and Great Britain... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .
Canada and South Africa.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..
Canada and Australia or New Zealand or both on Pacific
Ocean. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canada (Atlantic) nnd Australia and New Zealand........
Canada, China and Japan. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canada and K ewfoundland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ferry service betwecn Camplllènt,l'Oura 11:Ùand and main-
land of Georgian Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. John and Digby............ . . . . . . .. ..................
St. John, Digby, \nnapolis and Granvillc.. ...... _.........
St. John, K .li., and
tina::l Basin and
largarets'\Ïlle. N .S.

t. John, Westport and yarmouth............ _ . . . . . . . . . . . .
:St. John, Halifax, \\ est Indies cr South America. . ....... . .
St. John and Cumberland Basin.......... . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .
St. John and Bridgpto\\n........... ......................
Halifax and ::;hcrbrooke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halifa'\, Mahone, Tancook Isle, etc.. . ... . ... .... . . . . . . . . .
Halifax and K ewfoundland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halifax, Can::,o and Guysboro...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halifax and Spry Bay and ports in C. Breton.......... . . . .
Halifax and West Coast of C. B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halifax, South Cape Breton and Dras d 'Or lake ports. . . . . .

Iall;dalen hlands and mainland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
G rand
lanan and mainland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P. E. Island, Cape Breton and Ke\\foundland.............
Quebec and Ga:spé Ba.::;in... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec and North Shore Isle of Orleans........ . . . . . . .. . . .
Quebec and ports on the
horf's of the Gulf of St. La" rence
and bet\\cen ports in P.E. I:sland,
Ol, a Scotia, Ke,\-
foundland and )Iagdalcn Islands. . . . . . . . . . .. ..........
Pictou, )lurray Harbour, etc., and Georgctown........... .
Pictou and Ne\\ Glasgow and AntigonÜ,h County }..orts
and )1 ulgra vc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pt.
Iulgrave and Guysboro.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pt. 'Iulgra'\'e, St. Petcr's, etc...... . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pt. Mulgrave and Canso.... . . . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pictou, )Iulgravc and Cheticamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petit de Grat and
lulgrave I.C.R. terminus..............
Baùdeck and lona.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ga:spé, Dalhousie and Campbell ton.... . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .
Sydney and around C.B. Island to Ha
tings...... . . . . . . . . .
Sydney and Whycocomagh.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sydney to Bras d'Or Lake {::orts and ports on Ea:st and
""est coasts of C.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sydney and Bay St. Lawrence ports.....................
St. Stephen, St. Croix, etc... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

t. Catharine::; Bay and Tadous:o;ac....... . . . . .. . . .. . . ... . .
Victoria, \ ancouver and Skagway.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charlottetown, Victoria and Holiday's Wharf... . . . . . . . . . .
Victoria and Vancouver Island (west coast). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Victoria and San Francis('o.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xorth Shore River St. Lawrcnce, betwecn Quebec and
Harrington. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Newcastle, Neguac and Escuminac, Miramichi River
and Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pelee Island and mainland..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Froude's Point and Lockport.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prince Rupert, B.C., and Queen Charlotte blands. .. .. . . . .
Vancouver and ports on Howe Sound... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1918.

s

502,739
85,lü7
180,509
35,000
343,750
57,923

19,421
2,000
4,920
6,628
334, 115
3,000
2,500
2,000
3,301
10, 000
5,000
3,755
4,000
5,625
17, 7m)
10,000
20,000
7,933
4,:;00

6,000
1,000
5,500
6,500
6,500
7,500
5,513
5,825
13,750
5,500
3,000

6,000
176
3,500
12,500
2,500
5,000
3,000

28,000
2,500
8,000
600
21,000

1919.

s

424,323
tiO,833
166,624
23,333
180,992
56,357

20,000
2,000
2,250
10, 000
222,743
2,500
1,692
1,927
8,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
18,000
10,000
8,500

3,580

5,500
8,500
6,500
7,500
6,208
5,825

3,000

6,000
887
11 , 263
4,375
2,481
28,000
2,500
8,000
600
21,000

S
229,345
133,833
124,968
Þ 70,000
367, 187
57,587
167
19,391
2,000
6,500
10, 000
340,667
2,500
2,000
3,000
10,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
6,000
12,500

63,380
6,000
1,500
5,204
5,980
9,287
7,500
6,900
6,825

4,000
8,421
6,000

23,229
2,031
4,375
2,077

3,000
8,000
1,000
21,000
2,240

518

TRANSPORTATION AND COJfMUNICATIONS

70.-1Uall Subsidies and Steamship Subventions, 1918-1928-concluded.

Service. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ 5
St. John and St. Andrews, N.B.... . . . . . . 0 . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 4,000 4,000
Vancouver and Northern ports of B.C...... 0 . ... .. . . .. ... . 16,800 16,800 16,800
Expenses in connection with the supervision of subsidized
steamship services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . 1,599 2,257 3,512
Total subsidies and subventions...... o ... 0 0.... 1,853,320 1,391,850 1,632,906

NOTE.-The figures in the above table are taken from the "Canada Public Accounts,"
as issued by the Finance Department: thpy represent the amounts paid in connection with
contracts made under statutory authority by the Department of Trade and Commerce
for trade services, including the conveyance of mails.

7t.-Operation of the Money Order System in Canada, 1901-1920.

Fiscal Years.

1901. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1902. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
1903. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1907 (9mos.)..........
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . .
1909. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 . . .
1910. . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 0
1911...........0...... .
1912. . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . . . .
1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . 0 . .
1914.0.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1915........ .. . . . . . 0 . ..
1916......... . .. .. .....
1917. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . .
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Orders
issued in
Canada.

No.

1,151,024
1,446,129
1,668,705
1,869,233
1,924,130
2,178,549
1,485,278
2,990,691
3,596,299
4,178,752
4,840,896
5,777,757
6,866,563
7,228,369
6,990,813
7,171,375
8,698,502
9,919,665
9,100,707
9,947,018

Value
PAYABLE IN of orders
Value issued
of orders in other
issued in countries
Canada. Canada. Other payable in
countries. Canada.
$ $ $ $
17,956,258 14,324,289 3,631,969 2,592,845
23,549,402 18,423,035 5,126,367 3,575,803
26,868,202 20,761,078 6,107,124 4,604,528
29,652,811 21,706,474 7,946,337 5,197,122
32,349,476 23,410,485 .8,938,991 5,602,257
37,355,673 26,133,565 11,222,108 6,533,201
32,160,098 21,958,855 10,201,243 5,393,042
49,974,007 31,836,629 18,137,378 7,933,361
52,627,770 36,577,552 16,050,218 7,794,751
60,967,162 41,595,205 19,371,957
,048,467
70,614,862 45,451,425 25,163,437 8,664,557
84,065,891 52,568,433 31,497,458 8,712,667
101,153,272 61,324,030 39,829,242 9,081,627
109,500,670 66,113,221 43,387,449 9,807,313
89,957,906 64,723,941 25,233,965 9,707,383
94,469,871 75,781,582 18,688,289 9,868,137
119,695,535 97,263,961 22,431,574 9,704,610
142,959,167 116,764,491 26,194,676 9,385,627
142,375,809 116,646,096 25,729,713 10,351,021
159,224,937 135,201,816 24,023,121 10,050,361

NOTE.-For 1868 to 1900, see Canada Year Book, 1911, p. 289.

POST \1
"T
t TIS'TICS

72.- :\1011\')' Ordt'rs b. .-rOVhll't'S, 1916-1920.

Provinces.

rom'y order offices in-
('auéld.1 ..................
Prince Edward I:51nnd...
Kova Heotia. . . . . . . . . . . .
Xew Brun
,\ick..... ....
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On tario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)lanitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ha
katcheW'an...... . . . . .
_-\Iberta...... ..........
British Columbia. . .. . ..
Yukon Territory.... ....
Money orders issued in-
('anada. ....... ..........
Prince Ed
nrd Island..
Kova Scotia.. ....
Xew Brunswick..... .. ..
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario. . . . . . . . . .
)fnnitoba. . . . . . . . . _ . . . . .
Sa:5katchewan. . .. .. . . . . .
Albcrta..... . . . . . . . .
Hriti:;h Columbia... . _. .
Yukon Territory..... ...
Reccipts for money order/::>
i::5su('d in- .
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prince Ed ward bland..

ova Sl'otia. . . . . . . . . . . .
Xe\\ Brunswick.........
Que bec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)Ianitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ash.atchewan........ . . .

-\ 1 bc rt a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Briti:sh Columbia. . . . . . .
Yukon Territory....... .
X urn b('r of money orders
paid in-
('anada........ . . . . . . . . . . .
Prince Ed ward Island..

ova Scotia... . . . . .. .. .
Kew Bruns\\ick.........
Quebec... .... . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)Ianitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatchewan....... .. . .

\lberta.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columbia.. . . . . .
Yukon Territory..... .. .
Amount of money orders
paid in-
Canada.. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prince Ed ward Island..
Xova Scotia.. . . . . . . . . . .

ew Brunswick.........
Que bec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
)Ianitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatchewan........ . . .
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columbia.. .. .. .
Yukon Territory.... . . . .

1916.

No.
4 't
tO
43
J '>"
-I
213
1,02:?
1,480
316
530
367
386
6

7,161,375
36,Ü66
436,ßjl
211,126
944,912
2,165,167
646,214
1,277,599
810,246
623,149
10, 245
S

9,1.169.871
515,805
5,6S7,R50
3,042,197
12,664,737
25,31O,Oft5
8,5
.3,25S
19,896,903
10,656,188
7,836,706
334, 162

o.
6,227,fj'l
24,674
219,196
1
5,922
754,002
2,674,697
1,501,300
317,353
2g7,858
301,341
1,341

S
8j,toi.jS,
.56
424,791
3,642,033
2,249,360
10,678,293
30,733,388
19,214,676
7,0
9,022
5,683,951
5,163,194
40,248

1917.

No.
-UHO
45
327
211
1,044
1,49.3
319
567
404
393
5

t),69S,502
40,893
506,145
23ü,791
1,052,738
2,695,440
722,677
1, 6.57,826
1 , 06S , OS,!)
706,546
11 , 3ü1
S

119.695.5:15
;)
17 , 404
6,7RO,O-l9
3,4R5,667
14,352,704
32,f\32,IS9
H, 601 , 7ô,;
26,923,050
15,295,643
9,512,470
314,.394

No.
7,4.'i5,6!16
29,Ð52
2
5,466
H7.600
8
4,3f\3
2,891,703
1,R23,670
779,872
327,758
323,961
1,331

S
105,772,270
546,470
4,032,907
2,485,838
12,588,943
35,747,683
25,160,629
12,483,206
6,862,799
5,826,471
37.324

HH8.

Xo.
-I 930
4f\
331
217
1,065
1,497
J27
594
440
406
5

9,919.665
43,806
5:39,671
264,547
1,110,542
3, 1:
6,558
R67,96S
1,938,431
1,259,9
2
748,746
9,474
S

112.959.16

&\4,849
7,S77,907
3,996,
63
1.3,669,2H8
40,576,601
1l,S6H,796
31,964,231
IS, 399, 046
11,671,635
248,942

1\0.
7 ,9
3, 732
31,fl99
235,606
138,946
1,232,482
2,595,537
1,036,761
1,025,124
355,988
370,261
1,028

S
125,267 ,s.j I
617,456
4,432,929
2,576,597
16,761,173
40,013,727
31,430,519
15,399,242
7,420,506
6,587,920
27,782

1919.

Ko.
j 9.,:1
50
333
216
1 ,Oü9
1,4t{3
331
615
143
408
5

9,100,707
44,406
5
}0,313
279,0
1
1, 114,461
2,757,
05
744,702
1,692,mO
1,088,261
784,115
6,193

s

lt2.375,ð09
711,259
9,376,9G2
4,494,810
16,750,568
40,482,359
12,036,194
27,982,176
16,338,ß33
14,045,759
157,089

No.
S,033,66.j
35,228
247,749
142,906
875,334
3,238,259
1,786,195
977,016
364,033
365,824
1,121

S
127,
19,233
713,725
5,027,434
2,937,008
14,647,863
44,029,412
29,017,441
15,228,040
7,675,350
7,914,636
28,324

:>H)

1920.

Ko.
5,106
53
342
232
1,093
1,507
340
ô36
476
422
5

9,917,0IR
52,195
652,640
342,868
1, 247,392
3,086,535
779,379
1,7ü2,494
1,176,99H
840,874
5,633
S

159.

1.937
837,384
10,326,440
5,679,866
19,135,849
47,127,150
13,151,959
28,592,371
18,532,956
15,696,988
143,974

Ko.
9,101.136
33,787
288,529
207,579
956,990
3,775,383
1,992,408
1,062,.526
391,786
394,094
1,054

S
1-16,105,7st
713,292
5,616,039
3,955,777
17,206,557
53,250,399
32,092,104
16,668,206
8,328,840
8,548,570
26,000

.

520

TRANSPORTATION A!ÇD COJLJIUNICATIONS

'i3.-Number and Total Values of Postal Notes, 1916-1920.

.. Value. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ cta. No. No. No. No. No. Ko.
o . 20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245,240 235,354 286,587 235,579 191,362 166,078
0.25.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457,129 353,452 328,095 327,138 306,642 275,214
o . 30. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314,789 271 ,804 245,720 229,152 222,590 204,429
o .40. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285,225 252,862 251,056 244,294 228,783 229,95
o . 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528,091 464,551 444,677 433,142 417,145 409,96
o . 60. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250,343 234,171 234,783 233 977 220,299 220,00
o . 70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139,791 125,914 127,929 133,578 124,850 131,031
0.75. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76,224 249,645 248,858 234,081 225,925 188,561
o . 80. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,226 192,601 196,446 198,667 188,117 189,65
0.90. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . 193,437 202,720 201,414 202,228 185,790 191,881
1 .00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942,931 923,004 958,563 923,891 891,539 851,11
1 . 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343,322 371,291 417,791 426,230 420,503 433,89
2.00.................... . 53.5,497 564,010 599,418 643,685 725,992 603,15
2 . 50. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189,991 220,709 263,419 276,419 266,918 277,871
3.00..........0......... . 312,147 347,682 404,652 424.815 423,243 421,98
4.00.................... . 192,501 216,076 257,961 284,362 276,919 278,76
5.00.................... . 394,012 400,618 435,429 453,310 472,832 479,251
10.00. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247,986 237,401 276,709 303,245 277,764 277,30
Total notes received. . No. 6,047,882 5,863,865 6,179,507 6,207,793 6,067,213 5,830,11
Total value, including
postage stamps affixed. $ 10,603,894 10,766,951 11,943.859 12,535,579 12,368,069 12,122,72
Commission received. . . . $ 124,360 122,908 131,757 134,516 131,913 127,96
Postal notes issued to
postmasters...... _ _ No. 6,193,120 6,068,140 6,386,535 6,339,230 6,094,255 5,901,17
Value of notes issued. . . . $ 10,754,438 11,251,125 12,430,270 12,948,457 12,548,384 12,304,94
I

4
7
6

4
8
6
6
3
2
6
8
o
4
1
9

'i4.-Issue of Postage Stamps, etc., 1919-1920.

Issue 1919. Issue 1920.
Denominations.
Number. Value. Number. Value.
No. S No. S
lc. '" aT Tax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,621,300 56,213 - -
1.......... ....................... 242,862,700 2,428,627 264,990,800 2,649,908
2c. War Tax......... . . . . . . .0.. .. . . . 42,973,200 859,464 275,349,700 5,506,994
2.. ...................... " ....... 197,610,100 3,952,202 - t'"
-,
3.... .. .................. ......... 347,349,900 10,420,497 371,778,700 11,153,361
5................................ . 21,406,750 1,070,337 23,622,850 1,181,142
7..............0................. . 11,624,900 813,743 14,784,800 1,034,936
10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,275,875 2,027,587 20,869,975 2,086,997
20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,853,975 970,795 2,883,000 576,600
50. . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707,615 353,807 460,405 230,203
10 Special Delivery... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,335 25,933 311,435 31,144
1 cent P. Due.................... 532,950 5,329 643,900 6,439
2 " 884,800 17,696 1,241,950 24,839
. . . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..
5 " 290,400 14,520 293,150 14,658
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1 cent stamp books, 25c. each. . . . . 443,732 110,933 367,767 91,942
2 cent stamp books, 25c. each. . . . . 258,154 64,539 260,173 65,043
1 cent rolls (sidewise). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,611 104, 292 34,938 176,786
2 " " 23,034 231,722 27,609 277,747
. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
3 " " 33,432 503,486 41,867 630,517
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1 cent rolls (end wise) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 309 3,288 16,637
2 " " 60 604 3,063 30,814
.............

}'OST..1L S'PA TIS'l'ICS

521

.1. - Issue of Posta e
t<tml)S, etc., 1919-19'!O --concluded.

Denominations.

Issue 1919. Issue 1920.
Number. Value. Number. Value.
]\" o.
No. S
6()tJ,000 7, 308 758,200 9,098
6,506,400 65,064 8,025,300 80,253
13,285,100 265,70
13,417,100 268,342
322,000 3,2
0 362,000 3,620
35
,000 7,160 724,000 14,480
1 , 2:? 1 , 000 12,210 831,000 8,310
1, mm,ooo 39,980 2,646,000 52,920
142,500 1, 4
5 &,,:i, 000 8,830
86,200 1,724 64,000 1,280
- - 4,050 8
127,900 2,558 . 209,850 4,197
754,300 7,543 768,900 7,689
15,330 920 31, 165 1,870
607,400 7,289 987,175 11,846
2,597,025 57,135 2,621,450 57,672
926.661,039 21.5tt,b.3 1,010,302,560 26.311,19;)

1 cent P08t bands at 11.20 per 100. .
1 cent post cards... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 cent post cards... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 cent ad vertising cards, 16 on sheet
2 " " ..
1 cent advprtising cards, 8 on sheet.
2 u u "
, .
1 cent advertisinlZ: cards, single.. . .
2 " ., "
2 cent post cards for Postal Cnion
countrips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 cent reply po
t ('a.rd
. . . . . . . . . . . .
1 cent
pl'cial wrappcr
. . . . . . . . . . . .
6 ct'nt reply coupon:i. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 cent stamped envelope
, 51.20 per
100.................. .........
2 cent stamped envelopes, $2.20 per
100. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

x.- L.ABOUR, \" \GES AXD PRICES.

occrPATIO

OF TII}; PEOPI.}
.
In Canada, as in other ne,v countri{'s, the lahouring population
(using the terIn in it
'" id{'
t sense) hears a larger proportion to thp
total than is thp ease in older civilizations ,,,h('re ther{' cxi
tl) nlore
realiz{'d ,,,calth.
In addition to our native-born ".orkers, great numbers of young
mal{\b aud snlalltr nunlhers of f(,lnale:-;, ".ho have nuthing to sell but
their ppr:-\onal ser,.i('e
, iuunigratc frolH older countries to Canada.
to find here a Letter nlark{'t for their labour. Thus both the sex
distribution and the age distribution of the Canadian people is
rendered sonlc,yhat abllonnal, an unusually large per
{'ntage of
that population Leing of ,vorking age and of the Inale sex-that is,
of the :,ex ,yhich is most generally gainfully eluployed.
The::'l' statenlents JIlay be illustrated from the Canadian Census
of 1011. (;-;ee 1"'ahle 1). In that yeftr out of a total population 10
years old and over of 5,514,3b8 in the nine Provinces, 2,723,G34
,yere returned as gainfully eJnplo) ed, Leing 49.39 p.c. of such popu-
lation, ur :37.9:3 p.c. of 7,179,6;')0, the total ascertained population
of the nine Provinces. Thus, three out of every eight pcr
ons in
the DonlÌnion ,yere gainfully employed, or four out of every eight
persons ten years old and u p,vards.
:\Iale Labour.-Considering the male population of 10
years old and up,vards, it "yas found. at the Cen
us of 1911 that no

.

522

LABOUR, WAGES AND PRICES

less than 79.53 p.c. or nearly four-fifths were gainfully employed.
Further, if we take out those under 15 as being more properly at
school training for the future than gainfully employed in the present
and those over 65 as having earned the right to rest, we find that
of the total male population bet,veen 15 and 65 no less than 92.73
p.c. was gainfully employed, a percentage which is increased to
96.28 p.c. if we .consider only those in the main productive 40 year
period between 25 and 64 years old inclusive. Thus Canada is
shown by its statistics to be emphatically, in so far as the males are
concerned, a workers' country.
Female Labour.-The growth of the employment of females
in gainful occupations bet,veen 1891 and 1911 is shown in Table 2.
The figures found there may be supplemented by the information
that in 1891, 11.07 p.c., in 1901, 12.01 p.c., in 1911, 14.31 p.c. of
the female population 10 years old and over ,vere gainfully elnployed
-an increase from one-ninth to one-seventh of the female population
of these ages during the 20 year period-a rate of increase ,vhich,
in view of the labour conditions of the ,var and reconstruction period,
will probably be found to have been maintained in the present decade.
It is significant that among females the age period during which
there is the maximum of gainful employment is sho,vn by the Census
to be that from 15 to 24 years inclusive. Of the female population
of these ages, 27.78 p.c. were in 1911 gainfully eInployed, a percentage
,yhich fell to 12. 14 p.c. for the period 25 to 64 years inclusive. .A.s
every employer of female labour kno'ws, the decline is due to the
absorption of female labour by marriage and home duties.

t.-Persons Engaged in Gainful Occupations in Canada, by _\ges, 1911.

Males 10 years of age Females 10 years
and over. and over.
-
Age periods. Engaged in gainful Engaged in gainful
occupations. occupations.
Total Total
number. Per cent num ber. Per cent
Number. of total. Number. of total.
10 to 14 years............. 353,876 17,376 4.91 344,500 7,777 2.26
15 to 24 years...... . . . . . . . 735, 071 620,972 84.48 647,874 179,992 27.78
25_to 64 years............ .11,682,522 1,619,885 96.28 1,384,228 168,034 12.14
65 years and over. . . . . . . . . 194,176 100,580 51.80 172,141 9,018 5.24
Total 10 years and over 2,965,615 2,358,813 79.51 2,518,743 36-1,821 14.31

DISTRIBU rIO
V OF L.1ROUR BY LVDU
1'RIE::;

523

2.-
umt)(ar of )Iah.s and t'emah's 10 ) t.aar
of .\J..la and ou-r };nf:a
cd In Gainful Occu-
pations h) l
rO\hIClas. 1"'
1 to 1911.

l."iS 1. 1

Province.

IS
I1.

1911

1901.

'laic
and 'laIc. Fema.le. 'laIc. l' emale. Male.
Female.

Fe-
male.

}'rince F d ward Island
Xova
cotia.
Xew Bruns\\ ick....
Quebec. . . .. ........
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . .
8ash.atchc\\ an. .. .. . .. }
Albcrta. .. . . . . .. ....
British Columbia... .

Xo.
34,094
141,52li
10.3,289 1
125,947
625,591
23,16:?
3,H

17,D8J

'\0.
31,673
134,8.3!.1
94,261
397,438
63.3,765
50,669
20,759
44,955

Ko.
4,0
()
22,5!t.3 1
13, 456 1
53,06Ü
!H,460 1
4,315
994
3,074

1\0. No.
27,9.36 3,950
148, mn l 24,370
103,275 16,491
55
, 140 101,101
836,135 154,878
1.35,900 22,206
19.3,247 13,275
149,6'7 11,923
IS0,482 16, 6
7

So.
30,113
137,5liß
gS,05ð
4:
4, 720
645,322
77,418
45,145
76,541

Ko.
3, 4
J.t
18,44,

13,807
77,21.3
108,62.3
8,575
2, 993 {
4,762

(.anada.......... 1,371,- -ll.410,379J19.),IIUll,5H, 'S3 1 :
;n,9J.9 2,3,)
,
I:J ;
6-t,S21
1" orh.ers "erc not classified by sex in 1&;1.

Distribution of I.-abour by Industries.-The di
tribution of
the Canadi3I1 lalJour force by industrics at the censuses fronl Ib81
to 1911 is giyen by nUlllhers and }>l'rcl'ntages l'lllplo) cel in 'l'ahle 3.
The most notable featurcs of this table are the eOlnparative decline
of the agriculturi
t
(in spitc of the large ab
olute increase in their
nUlnb
rs) fronl 4b.l p.c. of the occupicd population in 1
81 to 34.3
p.c. in 1911, the incrcasc of luanufacturiug ,vorker:; froul 11.7 tu
18.0 p.c., of thc tradcrs froln 5.7 to 10.4 p.c. and of tran:::;portation
,yorkers froln 2.9 to 8.0 p.c. of the occupied population in the 30
year period. I t should, ho,vevcr, be borne in nlind that undcr
present day conditions of specialization in industry lnany of those
employed in trade, tralÌ
portation and Dlanufactures are doing ,vork
"hich fOrIllerly ,,-as pcrfornlcù by agriculturists and othcr primary
produccrs for thelllSelves.

3.- 'umbers and Percl'nta
e Uistribution by Industrilas of Persons Engaged in
(
ainful OCcUIJations, 1

1 to 1911.

:i\ UMBERS.

Industry.

E d

\\ orkers 'ngage .
1881. 1
91. lYOl. 1911.
1\0. :i\o. Ko. No.
662,266 735,207 716,860 933,735
230,873 1
5,599 213,307 246,201
90,085 139,929 163,670 214,012
7,938 18,267 17, 306 76,604
28,500 30,045 27,225 34,812
8,116 12,812 16,764 42,914
161, 535 227,080 274,175 491,342
7,160 16,127 28,650 62,767
13,005 - 490 -
48,461 6
,623 83,219 120,616
78,905 IOY,632 160,410 283,087
40,741 69,048 80,756 217,544
1 371 585 1 606 369' 1 78
832 2 72:
, 63-1

Agricul ture. .. ................................
Building trades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Domestic and personal :service..................
Civil and municipal govcrnment. . . . . . . . . ". . . . . .
Fishin
and hunting...... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ManuCactures................................. .
M' .
lnlng.... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Miscellaneous.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ProCessional. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade and merchandising......................
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total \\"orkcr4ii......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

,

I ,

I ,

524

L...4.BOUR, JV AGES AND PRICES

3.-Numbers and Percentage Distribution by Industries of Persons Engaged In
Gainful Occupations, 1881 to 19l1-concluded.

PERCENTAGES IN EACH INDUSTRY.

Industry.

Workers Engaged.
--
--.
1881. 1891. 1901. 1911.
p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c.
48.1 45.8 40.2 34.3
16.g 11.6 12.0 9.0
6.5 8.7 9.3 7.8
0.6 1.1 1.0 2.8
2.1 1.9 1.5 1.3
0.6 0.8 0.9 1.6
11.7 14.1 15.4 18.0
0.5 1.0 1.6 2.3
1.0
3.5 3.9 4.6 4.5
5.7 6.8 9.0 10.4
2
4.3 4.5 8.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building trade s ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Domestic and personal service............ . . . .. .
Civil and municipal government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fishing and hunting............. ...... .... . ....
Forestry...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...............
:l\1iscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade and merchandising.... _.................
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total \\'orkers................... ......

Distribution of Labour Force by Nativity.-'Vhile at the
census of 1911, those born outside of Canada constituted approxi-
mately only 22 p.c. of the total population, these 22 p.c., because
they contained a large proportion of young strong lnales, contri-
buted no less than 31.91 p.c. of those engaged in gainful occupations.
As is sho,vn in Table 4, they constituted even a larger proportion
of those engaged in don1estic and personal serviee, in civil and muni-
cipal government, in mining and transportation, ,vhilc they fell
short of reaching their general proportion to the occupied population
in agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting-that is, in all the primary
industries except lnining.
4.-Numbers and Percentage Distribution by Nativity
S
xand Industries of Persons
Engaged in Gainful Occupations, 1911.

NUMBERS.

Total Workers.
Class of Occupation.
Male. Ff'male.
Agriculture.............. . 917,848 15,887
Building trades. . . . . . . . . . . 245,990 211
Domestic and personal
service. . . . . . . . . . . . . '75, 133 138,879
Civ.il and municipal gov-
ernment..... . - . -. -........ 72,531 4,073
Fishing and hunting...... . 34,547 265
Forestry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,901 13
:Manufactur.eß. . . . . . . . . . . . . 392,781 98,561
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,706 61
Professional. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62,781 57,835
Trade and me'.rchandising. 240,903 42, 184
Transporta tion. . . . . . . . . . . 210,692 6,852
All Occupations.... . 2,358,813 36J,821

Workers Born in
Canada.
Male. Female.
667,207 11,954
157,274 176
38,597 90,904
. 40,356 3,522
31,601 2.')8
31,403 8
253,882 81,240
29,890 51
43, 811 49,862
167,289 34,471
115,143 5,539
1,576,453 277 , 985

Workers Born Out-
side of Canada.
:Male. Female.
250,641 3,933
88,716 35
36,536 47,975
32,175 551
2,946 7
11,498 5
138,899 17,321
32,816 10
18,970 7,973
73,614 7,713
95,549 1,313
782,360 86,836

DOJ1INIU..'\ DEPAIlTJIEi....T OF L,tBOUR

525

oI.-"!\umbt'rs and I
t>r('ellfa
e ))I",trlbutlon b) Xathlty.
l'X and Industries orl
ersons
J:n.ra rt'd In (
alnrul O('cUI)atlolls, 1911 -concluded.

PERCENTAGES.

Total Workers. 'Yorkers Born in Workers Born Out-
Canada. side of Canada.
Class of Occupation.

lale. Fpmale. 'lale. Female. 'I ale. Female.
Agricul ture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9s.30 1.70 72.mJ 75.24 27.31 24.76
Huildin
trades..... . . . . . . 99-91 .09 63.94 83.41 313.06 16.59
Domestic and personal
service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,).10 64.89 51.37 6.:;.45 4S.63 34.55
Civil and municipal gov-
ernment. . . . . . . . 94.tJ8 5';{
5,j.64 86.47 44.36 13.53
Fishing and hunting. . . . . . . 99'
4 .76 91-47 97.
5 R.53 2.65
Forestry... _. . . . . 99.97 .O:J 7;
.20 61 . ':;4 2û.80 3R.46
Manufactures. ............. 79.94 20.0(j 6-1.64 S2.43 3':;.36 17.57

lining. . . . .. . 99.90 .09 47.67 8:J.60 52.33 16.40
Professional. . . . . . 5:!'05 47-95 69.7S 86.21 30-22 13.79
Trade and merchandising. 85.09 14.91 69.44 81.72 30.56 18.28
Transportation....... . . . 96.h5 3.15 54.ü;) 80.84 45.35 19.16
.\11 Occupation
..... b6.61 13.39 tjb'
76. '!O 33.17 '!:J . 80

nO:\IIXIOX ))J:I
\ UT:\.J:XT 01<' I..\ßO.'U.
The Departnlent of Labour of the l)onlÌnion Govenllnent \vas
cf:tahlished in 1!100 under thc authority of the Conciliation ,Act, 1900
(63-64 '
ict., (". 24). Its chief ùutip:, originally eunlprised the aùnlÌn-
istration of certain proyj",ions of this :;tatute Je::;ig:neù to aid in the
prevention and
ettleJnent of labour disputes, the adlninistration of
the GoverIlIlu'nt't:; fair" age policy for tlu> protection of ,vorklnen
elnployeù on the l)on1Înion GOVf'rnUH'llt contracts :L1l<1 ,yorks aided
by grant of public funds, the collection anù classification of statistical
and other infofln.ttion relative to conditions ùf labour, Hnd the pub-
lication of a 1l101lthly periodical kno,vn as the "Labour Gazette." Fron1
1900 to 1909 thc Departluent "'as aùn1Ïnistered by the Postmaster
General, ".ho "
<-lS also l\Iini&ter of Labour. It ""a
constituted ;..
separate DepartInent under the Labour Departlnent .A.et, 1009 (8-9
Edw. VII, c. 22).
rrhe 'work of the Departnlent 'was greatly increased in 1907 by
the pasbage of the Industrial ])isputcs Investigation Åct, 1907 (6-7
Ed".. "II, c. 20). The DeparÜnent i:, abo eharged 'with the adrninis-
tration of an Act passed in 1918 kno".n as the Employment Offices
Co-ordination ,Act (8-9 Geo. V, c. 21), and of the Technical Education
Act, enacted in 1919 (9-10 Geo. "\T, c. 73). The scope of the Depart-
ment has increased in other directions, especially in the investigation
of the wholésale and retail prices of Canadian commodities and of
questions relating to the cost of living.
Labour Legislation.-:\Iuch attention is given to labour legis-
lation. InforIl1ation is collected in the Department '\vith regard to
the provisions of the various labour la,vs in force in Canada and their

.

526

LABOUR, WAGES AND PRICES

administration. Notes or articles on these subjects are published
in the Labour Gazette. In 1917 the Department published reports
containing the text of the labour la,vs of the Dominion and provinces
of Canada. The year 1915 was chosen as a starting point, and a
compilation of the labour laws (Dominion and Provincial) existing in
Canada at the end of t.hat year was made from the most recent
Revised Statutes and the subsequent annual volumes of statutes up
to 1915. A brief introduction explaining the plan adopted in the
selection and arrangement of material precedes the text of the la,vs,
and an index conlpletes the report. I t is planned to print a volume
of this nature every five years, and in the intervening period to issue
annual reports covering the labour legislation for the year imme-
diately preceding that of publication. The annual reports contain,
in addition to the text of the laws, an introduction in which the
legislation for the year is sunllnarized under subject headings, and
each report is fully indexed. Reports on the labour la\vs of 1916,
1917, 1918 and 1919 have appeared in due course.
Fair Wages Branch.-The Fair 'Vages Branch of the Depart-
ment of Labour is charged ,vith the preparation of schedules of
minimum '\\'"age rates, \,'"hich are inserted in DOlninion Government
contracts, and nlust be adhered to by contractors in the execution of
the respective ,yorks. The number of fair ,vages schedules prepared
since the adoption of the Fair vVages Resolution in 1900 up to the end
of the year 1920 is 3,500, of which 337 ,vere prepared during the
years 1919 and 1920.
Industrial Disputes Investigation Act.-The Industrial
Disputes Investigation Act, 1907 (6-7 Echv. 'TII, c. 20) has attracted
considerable favourable attention froIn legislators and publicists
t.hroughout the . world. It distinctly forbids strikes or lockouts in
industrial disputes affecting public utilities, until the matters in
dispute have been submitted for the report of a Board of Con-
ciliation and Investigation, consisting of three menlbers, t,vo appointed
by the l\linister of Labour on the recommendation of the respective
parties to the dispute, the third on the recommendation of the first
two, or if tl).ey fail to agree, by the l\Iinister himself. After their
report has been made, either of the parties to the dispute may reject
it and declare a strike or lockout, which, however, is likely to involve
the loss of the sympathy and support of the general public. The
effect has been to diminish greatly the number of strikes and lockouts
in such industries. On the application of the parties to the- dispute,
the machinery of the Act may be extended to other industries. A
review of the proceedings under the Industrial Disputes Investigation
Act from its enactment in l\larch, 1907, to the end of the fiscal year
1920, shows that in the thirteen years, 446 applications were received
for the establishment of boards of conciliation and investigation,
as a result of which 333 boards were established. In all but 27
cases strikes (or lockouts) ,vere averted or ended. In the fiscal
year ended March 31, 19'20, 72 applications for the establishInent
of boards of conciliation and investigation ,vere received, and 46

ORG1NIZED L.IBOUR 1\ CAN.1D.l

5
7

boards ,vere rstablished. t;trikes (or lockouts) "erc averted in all
hut t I1fc<: cast'S.

OIU;.\:\IZt;U L.\ßOt:1t IX CA
.\U.\.

rfhp lahour movemcnt in Canada is uf eonlparatively r
C(,llt
gro,vth. In all the countries ,,-herc a ".idesprpad national laoour
nloveUlcnt has arisen, it has done so only ,vhcn, through the increa
c
of large scalc production involving increased investnl('nt of capital,
the inlpo

ihility of tlip average labourf'r ever rif'illg into the position
of an <:Inploycr has heen deillonstrntcd. "hen this happ
ns the
instinct of dabs consciousness is c:\.eited, and lahourers, realizing
that grf'at indh.idual
uccp

in the futurc is for thell1 inlprohahle,
Land tllf'lnsclvps together to secure highf'r ,vages and g:reater cOlnfort
in the present.
For these r('a
on
, t hp Inotlern lahour Illovelllent took its ri"5c
in England- tllf' fir
t ('ountry to be afft'('ted hy the so-called Industrial
}{evolution-the cha.n
e frolH hand to Illachine production. \'
hcre
this changc ta1.ps place, busin('
s
kill- skill displayed in hargaining
for r
nv IHaterial, for needf'd eapital, for labour, for the sale of finished
produtts-he('OlllC
the predonlÌnant factor in business ::;ucc(,:-;s,
rather than technical :,kill, and the
killcd labourers ,vho pos
ess
teehnieal but not business
h.ill, find th('1l1Splves labouring: throughout
their lives for the entrepreneur. By the org;aniza.tion of trade unions
for collf'ctive harg:aining they attcll1pt ,yith IHore or less succe:s
to
chal1
e thc situation to their advanta
p.
The first trade unions of which ,,-c have kllo,vledgc in Canada
were, naturally cnough, founded by iUlIlligrants frolH older countries-
frolH Great Britain and the {Tnited Htate
. 'I'he earliest Canadian
trade union of ,vhich ,ve have rceord 'nlS a printers' organization
in Quebec city in 1827. 'Ihere ,vas a shoelllakers' union in
Iontreal
in the thirties and a stol1eeuttcrs' union in the forties. In Ontario
a printers' union existed at Ì
ork (no,v Toronto) in 1834 and shoe-
Il!a1.ers', coopers' and stonelnasons' unions arose soon aftenvards.
Later on ,ye find such unions as thc ship,vrights and caulkers of
I
ingston, Ontario (1848-50), of Yif'toria, B.C. (18ü2) and of Halifax,
X.S. (1863), the saihllakers of Quehec (185b), the longshorenlen of

t. John, K.B. (1805). These unions in the port towns dre,v their
inspirations and many of their D1enlbers from Great Britain.
These early unions "
ere all purely local organizations, like the
earlier unions of Great Britain and the United
tates. In the latter
country, ho,vever, during the fifties and sixties, a considerable number
of national trade unions ,verc formed, and thcse unions, because the
t".o countries constituted to a considerable extent one labour market,
extended their operations to Canada. Delegates from the Toronto
Typographical Union attended the annual meeting of the Nation
l
Typographical Union of the United States in 1867, and the name
of that organization was in 18G9 changed to International Typo-
graphical Union with the object of including Canadian local unions.
Other United State8 national unions foll0\ved the example of the

528

LABOUR, WAGES AND PRICES

printers, changed their names and invited Canadian local unions
to apply for membership, ,vith such success that at the present time
the maj ority of Canadian trade unionists are connected 'with inter-
national organizations. The basic reason for the success of inter-
nationalism has been the fact that, o'wing to the similarity of ,vorking
conditions and of language, labourers pass easily across the boundary
line. l\lany of the Canadian trade unionists 'who are not connected
\vith the international unions are members of the French-speaking
unions of the Province of Quebec.
Trade unions in Canada, as in other countries, \vere in their
beginning treated as illegal organizations; under the English common
law the earlier trade unions \vere regarded as "conspiracies in restraint
of trade"-a fact ,vhich partly explains the meagre character of our
information concerning them. In Great Britain, hov{ever, they \vere
released from this stigma of illegality in 1871, and in Canada in the
following year.
Trades and Labour Congress of Canada.-Encouraged by
their success, delegates from 31 Canadian trãde unions of Toronto,
Ottawa and HanÜlton, 111et in September, 1873, and organized the
first national body, the Canadian Labour Union. This organization
held its second and third annual nleetings in 1874 and 1875 and
thereafter disappeared \vith many other unions in the great trade
depression of the later seventies. In 1883, ho\vever, a congress
sinlilar to that of 1873 ,vas assenlbled on the call of the Toronto
Trades and Labour Council, \vith delegates from 29 unions. In
1886 this congress met again as the "Trades and Labour Congress
of Canada", which has continued its annual 111eetings do,vn to the
present time, the annual meetilìg held in vrindsor in 1920 ,,
ith
524 accredited delegates being the thirty-sixth. In 1920 the tota1
membership affiliated to the Canadian Trades and Labour Congress
was 173,463, as against 8,381 in 1901.
International Trade Unionism in Canada.-At the close
of 1920, as sho\vn by Table 7, 101 international trade unions \vere
carrying on their activities in Canada. These organizations had
2,455 local branches in Canada, \vith 267,247 members, a gain of 7,000
members as compared \vith the preceding year. Of these 101 organi-
zations 15 with 731 local branches and 70,779 members, \vere not
affiliated to the American Federation of Labour.
Canadian Federation of Labour.-The Canadian Federation
of Labour, formerly kno\vn as the National Trades and Labour Con-
gress, was founded in 1903 as the result of the expulsion from the
Dominion Trades and Labour Congress of the Knights of Labour
and all other unions unconnected with the international movement.
These dissentient unions accordingly formed a ne\y central body
of a distinctively national character, which in 1908 adopted its
pi'esent name, and has continued to hold annual conventions at which
resolutions condemning the predolninant internationalism are fre-
quently adopted. The Canadian Federation of Labour at the end
of 1920 was credited with 23 brttnch unions and 7,000 members.

()UG
t.YJ/.F/) L.ll/OUR IS' CA.Y.tD.t

5:?H

be:-\idp
t,,-o central organll.lllg bodi(':-i undpr charter, thp ranadiall
Brut h('rhood of
tationary EngiIH'f'rs, FirenH
n and lIelper
, with

} bran('}}('s and 700 nll"IHhpr
, and the Canadian Federation of Brick-
laypr
, _\Ia'-'ons and Pla
t('rpr
, ,vit h l) hraneht':-; an (I 87ß lIlprnhprs.
:\ational Fl'dl'ration of the Catholic 'Vorkers of Canada.-
A\

o('iation
of ,vurkluen ('onfining; their 1lH'lllhpr:-\hip to follow('I'
of
t hl' ROlnan Catholic faith hayp existed in ranada
inee 1012. A
eonfl'n'IH'p of tht':-\c national alld C:ttholic union:;: "as hpl(l at Quphpc
in IHlS, thp
econd at l'hn'e Hiypr:.; in IHIn, thp third at Chi('outÏIni
on .J uly 17-20, 1 fJ20, ".ith
2.> (1<,1 'gutes pr('
('nt, rppre..,enting; 120
hralleh('s ,,-ith a reportpd JlH"lubpr:.-hip of oypr -IO.OUO.
\t thi
nH'pting
it was decided to fortu an or
.'allization ('alh'd thp Xational F'pdpration
of the Catholic '\"ork('r
of Canada. with a con:-\titution and hy-laws
to 1)(' (lrafted hy thp {'xp('utivp an(l
ul)111ittpd tp tlU' HJ21 ('onfprpnec
for aùoption. '
rIH' ..;tn'llg;th of th(':-\(' national and Catholie trade
union!-- at thp l'lo

of 1020 Ita:-- 1>('('n ('
tilllat{'d at 4'>,000.
The HOne Big Union."-l'h{' "()np Bi
C nioll" wa
foulld('d
in )Iarch, un n, :l
a re
ult of the 'Ye':,t('rn JutPrPfovilH'ia.l Labour
(1 on fpl"pIH'f', ,,-hi('h dpdarpd in favour of ".orkl'r::;' or
anizatiol1

whi('h
hould t'nforee thpir dl'luands h
t hpir indu:-\trial :-\trpngt h
rat h('r than hy political activity, and 'ond<"11111('(1 the pxi8ting craft
uniOll
. The' Onf' nig l
nion ('arri('t! on an
H.tivp ralnpaign, (;:-::ppf'ially
alI)Ollg the Illiner:-\, to dpta('h local unions and indi,'idual nH'ln})('rs
frolll their int ('rna.t ional atfiliations, and at the' c-nd of 1 U 19, largply
owing to t hp affiliation of th(' LUlnlH'r "
orkpr:.;' Industrial TTnion
"'it h a hou t 20,000 1lH'lnh('r:-\, 1l1U
t ('I'pd ahou t -! 1. I.')() IlH'lnh('rs. I)u rin!!;
IH20, ho".('ypr, thp strength of tlH' One Big Cnion ha'3 stea(lily r!p-
eliIH'd, t h(' Lumlu."r '\
or kpr8' 1 ndustrial C Ilion having ".it hdra \\
11
frOlIl affiliation. \llowing; for ah:,pnt('(':-\ 5,000 \nHlld }>prhap:-: }w a.
fair f':,tilluttp of the H1Pluher:-;hip at the' elost.' of 1920.
l'he constitution of the One Big Cnion ""a
allH'IHll'd at the
1 n20 ('onYl'ntion at Fort Arthur, and :-\uh:;l'qu('ntly' approv('(l hy a.
rl'fprelHlulll vote. I'hl' prealllbil', \vhieh
ho".s thl' ainl:-\ and ohj("ct

of th(' orp:nnization, ùeclar(;::; that nlodern industrial so('iety is dividpd
into two eln:-\:-\(':-\, those ,,"ho po
s('s
and do not produce, and thosp
who produce and do not pO:-\:-\P:-\:', henep the inpvitahle ela:-\s strll
gll'.
I t ('all
upon ,,"orkf'fS to organize irrespective of nationality, sex or
eraft. and to prpparl' for tilt' day "".h
n production for profit E!hall
})p rl'plaeed by produetion for u:-\('."
Strength of Organized Labour in Canada.-.A.t th(, ('nd of
1020, the strength of organized labour in ranada i
stated by thE'
})ppartlllent of Labour a
follo\\

:-Intprnational union
, 2,45.

1>ran("he:-\, 2G7,247 1lH'lubers; non-intl'rntltional unions, 2.
0 branches,
2;>A()() lllelub('r
; independent units, 30 branches, 31,189 Inelllbers;
national and Catholic unions, 124 hran('he
, 45,000 Inclnbers; "onp
hig union," 50 brnnc1u's, 5,000 1l1enlher
; grand total, 2,918 hranche
,
:37:3,ð42 1l1Plnber:.:. Tahle 5
how:-\ the ftuetuations in the str('n
th of
IM:?ï-34

530

LABOUR, TVAGES AlvD PRICES

organized labour since 1911. Table 6 and Table 7 give the nUluber
of branches and mel11bers of international and of non-international
unions in Canada by separate unions as at the close of 1920.

ã.-Jlembership of Trade rnions in Canada, 1911-1920.

Year.

Mem bers.

Year.

Mem bers.

1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1912...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1913..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1914..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

133,132
160, 120
175,799
166,163
160,407

1916........................ .-.
1917................... .......
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1919. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

143,343
204,630
248,887
378,047
373,842

G.-International Trade Unions Operating in Canada.

NUl\1BER OF BRANCHES AND NUMBER OF MEMBERS IN CANADA.

International Organizations.

American Federation of Labour. " '. . . . . _ . . . . . . . .. ............................
Asbestos Workers, International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators, and..
* Automobile, Aircraft and Vehicle Workers of America, L ni ted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. .
Bakery and Confectionery Workers' International Union of America............
Barbers' International Union of America, Journeymen........... ...............
Bill Posters and Billers of America, International Alliance of.... . .......... ....
Blacksmiths, Drop Forgers and Helpers, International Brotherhood of..... .. . . .
Boilermakers and Iron
hipbuilders of America, Brotherhood of.... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bookbinders, International Brotherhood of............,........................
Boot and Shoe Workers' "Cnion....... '" .. ., " " ................. ....... .......
Brewery, Flour, Cereal and Soft Drink Workers, International rnion of the
United.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bricklayers, :Masons and Plasterers' International {"nion of America............
Bridge and Structural Iron Workers, International Association of. . . .. '. . . . . . . . . .
Broom and Whisk Makers' Union, InternationaL.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . .
Carvers' Association of America, International Wood.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Carpenters and Joiners of America, l
nited Brotherhood of........ .............
Cigarmakers' International Union of America..................................
*Cloth Hat and Cap :Makers of North America, United................. -......
*Clothing Workers of America, Amalgamated..................... .............
Commercial Telegraphers' "Cnion of America.... . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . '. . . . . . . " . . .. .
Conductors, Order of Sleeping Car. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .' ...........................
Draftsmen's Cnions, Technical Engineers, Architects and, International Federa-
tion of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical Workers, International Brotherhood of.... .. . . . ... . . ..... . . . .. . . .. .. .
Elevator Constructors, International rnion of............... ...................
Engravers' League, International Steel and Copper Plate....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " .
Federal Employees, National Federation of. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire Fighters, International Association of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fur Workers' Union, International.. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ., . . .. .
Garment Workers of America, United..........................................
Garment \Vorkers' "Cnion, International Ladies'. .. ............................
Glass Bottle Blowers' Association of the United States and Canada...... .. . . .. .
Glass Workers' rnion, American Flint. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .. .
Glove Workers' l7nion of America, InternationaL...... .........................
Granite Cutters' International Association of America. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hod Carriers, Building and Common Labourers' V nion of America, International
Hotel and Restaurant Employees' International Alliance and Bartenders' Inter-
national League of America. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iron, Steel and Tin Workers, Amalgamated Association of..... '. '. .. . . . . . . .. . . .
*Jewellery Workers' rnion, IntemationaI.......................................
Lathers, International Union Wood, Wire and :Metal.. . . . ........ .. ...... .. .. ...
Laundry Workers' International Union.........................................

Number of Reported
Branches in Mcmber-
Canada. ship in
Canad8.
40 2, 354 1
5 122
1 40
15 605
35 1,502
2 60
33 1,800
53 5,845
12 1,750
19 2,961
16 800
52 4,103
26 3,720
2 32
1 25
150 16,670
14 1,360
4 473
15 9,750
9 2,052
1 26
2 50
59 4,625
1 60
1 12
1 250
16 1,800
6 990
12 1,260
11 3,702
4 251
4 267
2 100
7 259
16 1,288
16 2,147
18 2,100
9 964
9 232
1 21

1Includes only the unions directly chartered, i.e., those unions not affiliated through any international
organization. The American Federation of Labour had on April 30, 1920, 110 international unions affiliated
representing approximately 36, 741 locals, as well as five departments, forty-six state federations, 926 city
central and 1,286 local trade and federal labour unions, making a total of 2,373 charters, representing a
membership of 4,078,740.

nRG...LYIZED L,JIJOUR IJ.V C
tN.ID
1

531

6.- Tnh'rnaHonal Tr.ult" (Tnfous {)pt"ratln
III Canada -eoncluùed.

International Organizations.

.

Leather" orkers' International rnion, Pnited........... .. .... . ..... .. '. .... . . .
I ithographers ,of Ame
i

, .\mall!;am
tcd. .............. . ... ...... .... .. .... ..
J..o
horemen 8 Association, International. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
· Locomotive I'ngin{'('rs, Brotherhood of.. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-Locomotive Fir('D)en and Enginemen, Brotherhood of. .

[achini
ts, International \'W>Cil\tion of.. ..... .. ..... .'. ....... . ...... . . .......
.
Iaintenance-of-"ay EmJ>lo)0e8 "lI1l1 U.aih\ay Shop Labourers, l"nited Brother-
hood of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
)[arb.1e,.
tono and Slate Polishers, Rubùcrs and Sawyers, Intenu.tion.ll

clutlon of... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . .. ......

Iaster
, Matee and Pilots, Xatioml.\:Ø)('i'ltion of. . ........
){eat Cutters anrl Butcher \\ orkmen, .\malgamated........ .

{etal Poli...hers' Internntional ("nion .. ....... . .. . . .... ... ...
)Ietal \\ orkl'rs' Intt'rnational \lIi.mco, \malgam.lted
hoot....
)Iine Workl'rs of AmeriC'U, l'nitcò.. ................... .. .....
)line,
lill 'Uld ðnw1ter \\ orkers, Internat innal l"nion of. ..... . . . . . . .

[ouldcr:i' "nion of Xorth \nll'rim, Intl'rJL.1tional.... ....... ....... .......
)Iusiei:m,>, -\merie-an Fcder..ltion of.. .. _ _. ................................
Painters, J)C<'orators and Paperhan
ers of America, Brotherhood of..... . .... . . .
Pal>crmakers, International Brotherhood of. .. .. ........ ..
Pattern )luk<:>rs' I e.1P;ue of
orth America.................... ...... ...
Pavl'rs, H.ammern1l'n, .Flag Lu) ers, Bridge and
tonc Curb ;:)etters, Internatlonal
t' nion of. . . . . .. ........................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paving Cutters' .. onion of the l"nited States and Cana(la.... . ...
Photo Engrn.
ers' l' nion of X ort h Americ'l, Internution.ll..... . . . .. ....
Piano, Orl!;an and )[lli-icaIInc;trument \\ orkers' t nion of .\merica, Internationul.
PIa",ter('rs and Cellwnt Fini
l\('rs' International
iation, Operative. . . . . . . .. .
Plumber
. Ga.s, und Steam Fi Uers, l nited \ssoCÏation of......... ....
Potter8, National Brotherhood of Operative...... . .. ..............
Printers and Die Stampers' l" nion, IntcrnatiOIull'late....... . . . . . .. ..
PrintinJ;!; PrC:38men and .\ssi...tants' t. nion, InternationaL..... . . . . .. ...... .....
Pulp,
ulphite and PUp<'r Mill "orker
of the Cnited
t.ltC8 and Canada, Inter-
national Brotherhood of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ." . . . . . . . .
Quarry" ork('rs' Internation..ll rnion of North America. .. .... .... ..... . ..
-l{ailroad F mplo) LX'S, C'muùian Brotherhood of.. . . . . .. .. . . . ... . .. -.
HaiIroad Signalmen of -\merica, Brotherhood of....... .. ................. .....
- Railroad
tationm('n and Hailro..ld Employees' Alliance, International Brother-
hood of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .........
-Railroad Trninmf'n, Brotherhood of........ ....... .......... ....... .........
Railroad Telegraphers, Order of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ..
Ruil\\ay Carm('n of America, Brotherhood of. . . .. . .. . .. .. .... . . .. ............
Rail\\ay and :-\t('.un:-ohip Clerks, .Freight Handlers, Exprcøs and
tation :Lm-
ployCC:ò, Brotherhood of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .....
- Raihm} Conductors, Order of. .. . . . . . . .. . .... ......,......................
Rail\\ay Eml)loyce
of America, AmalgamatPd. .\!-sociation of Street and L:lectric
.H.ail\\ay Employees of Korth America, Cnited :\."\sociation of. ....... ....... .
Ret3i1 Clerks' International ProtC<'tive AsM>Ciation.... . . . . . " ., . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Roofers, D
n
p and \\aterproof \\orkers' Association, United Slate, Tile and
Compo
l tIon. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

eamen's t:'nion of \m('rica, InternationaL.... .. ........ ....... ..... .. ........
.
pinners' International l"nion ... ............................................
Steam and Operating EnJl;ineers, International1...nion of.. .......... ............
- :-\team Shovel and Dred
emen, International Brotherhood of. . . . - . . . . .

tage Employees, International Alliance of Theatrical.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
ðtationary Firenwn and Oiler8, International Brotherhood of. . . . . . ... . .. .

tereotypers and Electrotypers' Union, International. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. .

tonecutters' .Association of :r-.;orth America, Journeymen.... .... .... '.' ... .....

to.ve
Io
ter
' }nterna.tional l" nio!l-. ..................... . . . . . . - . . . . .
:O;wltchn1('n s t; nlon of
orth America....... .. -. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tailors' l:nion of America, Journeymen. .... .. .... .. . . .. .... . .. . . . . . . . . ....
Teachers, American Federation of....... .. .. . . ............ .. ...... .. .. . . . . . . . . .
Teamsters, Chauffeurs, ;:)tablemen and Helpers of America, International Brother-
hood of. _ . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . .. ...... ........................... .
Textile Workers of America, rnited....... .......... .. .......... .... . . .. . ... .. .
Timberworkers, International Union of...... .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . ....... .... _. ... . .
Transferrers' Association of America, International fo:teel Plate. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Typographical Union, International.. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . " . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .
Upholsterers and Trimmers' International Union of America....... .. .. .. .. .....
-"orkers' International Industrial Cnion..................................... . .

Totals... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Numher of Reported
Branches \I em b<>r-
in Caruula. ship in
Canada.
4 34.:;
7 505
:!4 3,672
97 6,480
g
8,789
107 14,12:l
1"2 11, 354
1 42
4 372
13 1.9Rá
I:
2S:;
:!ö 94t)
00 19,802
H 420
42 3.622
44 5,000
49 3,115
14 1,100
1:)1 582
1 60
5 125
6 376
2 100
15 1,361
52 3,300
1 45
1 46
2n 600
26 5,000
2 4.!)O
132 11,900
4 200
23 1,70(1
92 14,221
12 10,200
114 14,542'

7 10.oo()
& 3,514
30 11, 925
1 150
11 441
2 60
8 2,000
1 25
33 2,045
6 1,400
32 475
19 1,008
10 245
21 750
6 200
5 81
14 526
1 127
Ix 700
14 2,534
2 75
1 8
57 5,397
4 149
2 19
%,455 2G7,241

Ilncludes seven sub-branches of local unions.
-Indicates that union is not affiliated váth American Federation of Labour.
18427-341

532

LABOUR, TVAGES A
VD PRICES

7.-Xon-international Trade Unions operating in Canada.

XCl\IBER OF BRANCHES A
D XL'M:BER OF MEMBER:';, 1920.

Xame of Organization.

nranches
or
affi liations.

Tradl's and Labour ('ongre:-:s of Canada.
Canadian Federation of Labour. .. . . . . . . . .. ..........
Amalgamated Postal Workers.. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brotherhood of Dominion Expre"s Employees. .. ......
Canadian _-\ssociation of Stationary Engineers. .....................
Canadian Brotherhood of Stationary Engineers, Firemen and Helpers.
Canadian Brussels Carpet Weayers' Benefit _-\ssociation..
Canadian Feleration of Bricklayers, )Iasons and Plasterers.. .
Canadian Great Lakes Fishern1en\; Protective Association.
Dominion POEtal Clerks' A
sociation..... . . .
Dominion Hailway )lail ('lerk':-: Federation
Dominion Rural
iail Carriers' ASfociation.
Federated Association of Letter Carriers. . .
National _-\ssociation of )larine Engineers... ., _..
Xoya t;cotia Independent Federation of Labour. . . " . . . .. . . ...... .
:-;a:-;katchewan Brotherhood of Steam and Operating Engineers..... "

Totals.. ., .. .. . .

59

25.-106

:Member-
ship
reported.

471
232
17
25
14
9
4
6
1
33
13
6
38
18
2
3

5,
ð.tt
7.000 2
1.200
2,200
347
700
190
876
41
2.00n
912
80
2,000
1,510
362
10-1

1Jnclulles only the local branch unions under charter at the close of 1920. At the end of the fiscal year
of the Congress on fo;eptember 1, 1920, there were in affiliation fiye national organizing bodies having 223
local branches, three proyincial federations of labour, 59 trades and labour councils, and 47 local labour-
unions. Per capita tax was also paid by 37 local branches of international unions, as well as by 56 inter-
national organizations which had affiliated the whole of their Canadian membership, numbering 150,318,
and comprising 1,669 local branches. The whole affiliated membership was reported at 173,463.
2lncludes only the local unions directly chartered. In addition to these the Canadian Federation of
Lahour has two central organizing bodies under charter, viz., the Canadian Brotherhood of
tationary
Engineers, Firemen and Helpers and the Canadian Federation of Bricklayers, )Iasons and Plasterers.

TRADE DISPUTES.

...-\s cOInparecl ,vith other eountries po
ses
in
highly df'veloped
tranBportation, n1Ïning and manufacturing industries, Canada has
experienced conlparatively :-;malllo
ses frolll trade disputes. Durin

the first t,venty years of the present century, the total loss of tinlc
through ðueh disputes, as sho,vn by Table 8, has tunounted to
17,647,793 ,vorking days. Ún the assumption that the 2,723,634
lwrt;ons returned as gainfully elllployed at the census of 1911 i

ahout the average of the nUInber gainfully eInployell during the
,vhole period, the lo
:-; of tÏIne clue to industrial disputes ,vould aUlount
to about six and a half days per pprson in the t\vpnty year p{'riod.
or about on
-third of a day per annum per person gainfully clnployed.
1'ablp 8 sho,Y
the tÏIne losses incurred in the variouR classes
of industries froln 1901 to 1920, Table 9 the nunlber of disputes,
establishment
and employees affected and time lusses, by individual
year
, frolll 1901 to 1020, and Table 10 the llulnber of clisputf':-;,
elassified by industries, froln 1001 to 1920.

1'U
\J)H O/SPl'TFS

;):{:

.
Tin... I.,OSSl'!'oo h) Indllstrh's In \\orking na) s. 1901-1920.
1901 I
In(lustry. 16 1917. HHS. HH9. 1920. Total.
------
Xn. '\n. Xo. Xo. Xu. Xu.
lï:,hin
. 2.'):J,0"i,'\
;):
, O

Lumberin
. 212,647 6,400
U,407 100,7S5 7U,U54 4
S.
9:J
'I inin
. -I, "HU
(H t;:J:J, (;00 IH
,5S5 714 , 340 1ü.'), 509 6. -lU:J, S:J5
Railway, canal ami har-
bour con
truc.t ion. lI9,4,'}-t 3,707 n,161
Huildinl-,.. . 1, f;4Ii. o:t! 10,245 I K .J.
:) 2S7, HH 72,S is 2, (1M, 754
'I('tal. . . . . . fi I,', Uti:1 ti-t. ;J() I 22!J,5i4 I, f)!J:J, ïO-t 349, 2!J5 :J. :J:J4 , 94:

Printiul!: and alli('(L 20. ()....!I 4,
SO 2 I, 5SH :i2. tt4:? 14,llH B:J, :Jlô
" ood workin
101;,lifi2 :J,4:J2 Hi,al
24. 1
7 1;)0, .')4:

l'extilr-.. . . " :JUD. fi2-l IF') 1(;, ()11 210, :Jf)2 4,673 .'):JS, 92

.J_
(,lothin
.... . 909, 10'
ïl,3H7 14, 15fi 1 '!I, 141 20,520 I. -t04, 61

Food and toha('c'n.
ü, fifi I 40, Sf; 61,
fi,1 5ü, 7{)
4:J, üH5 2sn,Sl!J
LcatlU'r. . 19. H(Il) -too :J20 1,5W 21.83!J
rransportation. 1,224,601 4-t,451 114. i4
1."i.1,400 "", S:Jli 1,617, nt;
Public utilities......". . . 2s,60
30,7Hi ;
S, H02 9S,22f
'Iunicipal cmployuH'nt. :?S,064 2,4:H 1..,4-1s :Js, !J4f
l"nskilleù labour.. 521, t;:n .j
l. n:J 1
"is('pllan('ou::,. . . . . " 9
, 62f; 28, I
;
I), 80,") 50,7;)4 II, iti5 2_0, llS
( 'hcmil'al
nn( I ('xplo-
siv
's. 2, (1-10 I,H71 -1. 0 II
-----
Toral \\orkln
na) s.1 10.920.539 1, I:U. 9iO .G:L:U 1 I, 912, 1
9
"'6,;,j" 1.. til., .9:

9. -
umber of Hi'il)ute
.
tahli"hnU'nts, t:ml)lo)t'r... and Tinw I.osst's. 1901-19.!O.

Fi:,ntl '\ ('ar.

Apprm.i-
F:-:tahli...h- matt'
Di
puh'
, IIH'nts Fill pI 0 )"I't'''' 'l'i IllC'
(' onc'('flH'cl. -\ ff('(.tC'cl. I.o
sf'
.
Xu. .:\'u Xu. 'Yorking
Day
.
104 273 2Ö,Oh6 6:J2, 311
121 -120 1
,
fH 120,940
146 tl27 .
O, 041 1. :!26, .')00
H
I .')75 16,-11..2 26.1, 004
ð9 4:17 16,2:{:3 217,2-t-t
141 1. 015 :W,O,jO :3.1Y, 797
149 8')- 36,2:?4 ß21 ,9()2
_tJ
6" li5 25, 29:3 708,285
69 :n7 17.332 Sil,845
84 1, ;J3,
21,2S0 718,635
9
J 4--1 :JO, 094 2.046,6.50
1;')0 !}

40, .jl1 1, OJ9, 20S
113 1, Ol.
:39,536 1,287,67ö
-t-t :!05 8,67R 4:JO, 0,j4
43 96 9,140 1OIi,149
7.j 271 21, 157 208.277
148 714 48.329 1. 1:34,970
196 766 6
.-t89 763,341
298 1. 913 138,988 3.942,lS9
2R.
1.272 52.150 886.7,j4
2,521 H,095 .02.7-17 17,617.793

1
01
1902.. .
1903.
1904.... .
190.).
HJ06.
190';' .
1908.
1909. .
1910. .
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
191.1.
19Hi.
1917.
1918.
1919.
1920.

Total

534

LABOUR, JVAGES AND PRICES

10.-Trad(' Disputes Classified by Industries, 1901-1920.

Industries. 1901-13. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. Total.
-- - - - -
Ko. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No.
Fishing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - - - - - - - 14
L
II?-bering........ .. . . . . . . 35 - - - 1 2 21 33 92
MInIng. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 3 6 10 21 36 20 45 247
Building.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378 12 4 7 19 19 40 34 513
Railway, canal and har-
bour construction.. . . . . . . - - - - - - 4 3 7
Metal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 14 13 15 38 45 75 65 511
Woodworking..... _....... 52 1 - 1 - 3 6 8 71
Printing and allied. . . . . . . . 31 - 1 - 1 10 10 11 64
Textile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 - 1 - 3 5 8 4 65
Clothing. . . . . . . . .0 . . . . . . . . . 149 5 4 11 12 9 23 9 222
Food and tobacco......... 71 2 3 7 12 8 21 22 146
Leather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2 - - - 1 1 3 28
Transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . 131 1 4 19 22 33 27 22 259
Public utilities..... . . . . . . . - - - - - 5 10 6 21
Municipal employment.... - - - - - 7 7 7 21
Unskilled labour..... . . . . . 93 - - 3 - - - - 96
Miscellaneous... . . . . . . . . . . 61 4 7 2 19 12 22 13 140
Chemicals and explosives. - - - - - 1 3 - 4
- - - - -
Total. . .. . . .. . . . . . 1,432 44 43 75 148 196
98
85 2,521

EMPLOYIUENT.

Employment Service of Canada.-Provincial public employ-
ment offices have existed in Quebec froln 1910, and in Ontario (in
consequence of a recommendation of the Ontario Commission on
Unemployme
t) from 1916, as well as in Saskatche,van. The
extension and standardization of l:5uch offices was provided for by
the Employment Offices Co-ordination Act, 1918 (8-9 Geo. V, Chap.
21), which empowered the Minister of Labour to aid and encourage
the organization and co-ordination of public employment offices
throughout Canada, in order to establish a Dominion-,vide employ-
ment service; so that in all parts of the country eInployers n1ight
be informed of applications for ,york and employees of vacancies
for labourers. Under this Act, sums aggregating $50,000 in 1918-19,
S100,000 in 1919-20, and $150,000 in subsequent years (amounts
afterwards increased), were appropriated to be paid to Provincial
Governments in proportion to their expenditures on employment
offices, to assist them in organizing and extending their services.
Agreements with the provinces ,vere entered into ,vhereby their

EJI PLOYJIH.\ T

,1);35

f'lllploYlnent offiee:, reportpd applirations for ,york and vacancies
for labourers to the clearing house:, for labour e
tabli
hed by the
])onlÌnion Governnlent at llalifa-x, Otbnva, \Yinnipeg and 'Tancouver.
..\;:; a re
ult of thi
legislation, the nUlllbcr of frf'e puhlic t'1l1ploYlnent
officcs in Canada ,va
incrC'3.sed frolll 2G at thc hpgilluing at lÐ19 to
Ilf'arly 100 at the cud of that )"C'ar, the co-ordinatcd
ervice being
colleetively known as the EnlploYlnent Bervire of Canada, under the
supervision of a Director. In its initial :year of operation, IDI9, the
EluploYlucnt
ervice of Canada \va;:; of material a
:-\istnBct
in allevia-
ting the congc:,tion of the lahour Inarket ari:;Ïng out of dClllohilization
and the transition frolll ,var to pl'ac.'C'-tinle cnnditions of production.
I)urin
thp fi:-\ral year ended \I:ueh 31, 1920, therc ,,"erc 170.2'>0
applieations for elllplo:'.lllCnt, t-lÐ 022 v:lc
lnci
s reported and 32S,U:37
pf'rnUlnent and 51,üG3 ca,-,ual plaC(\ln(,IÜ
. By IIlean:-- of the inter-
provincial clearing houscs lô,11ü ,,"orkers wpre transferred froln
one province to anothC'r and 2;3,Oü2 fronl onc point to anot her in the
:;aU1P provincc. .A :-:chcllle of co-operation ,vith the Briti:-,h Enlploy-
1l1f'nt Exchangf'
ha
heen inaUb11lratl'd, ".hereby thp EUlployulent

('rvice of Canada furnishe
regularly to tht' O,.ersea bettleulent
Office of the Britif,h :i\Iinistry of Labour inforIllation for the use of
int<'nding inlnligrants a
to the
tatp of the Canadian labour luarket.
Enlployrnent conditions in Canada are a
c('rtained by the
EnlploYlneut Seryiee of Canada in sPvf'rnl ditIerent ,,-ays. Its recor<ls
indicate that in 1919, a year "eighted ,vith the denloLilization prob-
lenl, nlÌdsulluller arriyed before indu:-,try fairly got under \vay. EU1-
ploynlent in that year, however, continued into the late autulun
and therc ,val..., 1l'
S than usual of s('asonal unenlploYlllent in the winter
of lÐ19 -:20. This ,vinter unenlploynlent pa
:5c<.l off quickly, and the
demand for labour hegan to e'\:ceed the supply about _\pril 1st, lÐ20,
and continued very heayy until July. .<\.t the end of July an increase
in unemploYluent becanle evident, and unenlployn1ent, as measured
by the various tests applied, increased rapidly until the end of the
year. Table 11 sho\ys by provinces and Table 12 by indu'3trie:s the
percentage of unenlploynlent among trade unionists do,vn to ÐeceUl-
ber, 1920, as sho,vn by the luonthly report
of some 1,500 trade
unions having a cOlubined llleIUbf'r:.';}lÏp of OVf'r 200,OUO. As defined
in these tables, "uneulployment" nleans involuntary idleness due to
econolnic causes. rersons occupied ill ,york other than their o\vn
trades, or ,vho are idle because of illness or as the direct re
ult of
strikes or lockouts, are not regarded as unemployed.

.

.
36

LABOCR, 1V AGES _l:VD PRICES

H.-Percentages of rnemplo)'ment In Trade '(Tnions by Pro\'Ïnces, 1915-1920.

[onth.

Dec. 1915..
June 1916..
Dec. 1916..
June 1917..
Dec. 1917..
June 1918..
Dec. 1918..
Jan. 1919..
Fpb. 1919..
)Iar. 1919..
_-\pril 1919..

Iay 1919..
.June 1919..
July 1919..
Aug. 1919..

ept. 1919..
Oct. 1919..

ov. 1919..
Dec. 1919..
Jan. 1920..
Fpb. 1920..

lar. 1920..
April 1920..

Iay 1920..
June 1920..
July 1920..
_-\ug. 1920..
:-;ept. 1920..
O('t. 1920..

ov. 1920..
Dec. 1920..
.Jan. 1921..
Feb. 1921..

Xova
Scotia
and
Prince
Edward
Island.

.20
.49
.29
.25
2.64
1.17
2.02
1.25
5.68
2.18
2.41
4.66
2.69
4.13
5.44
1.53
3.19
1.21
1.47
2.72
5.08
1.88
.61
.38
.56
.10
.26
.25
.34
Z-.21
6.90
5.85
14.35

I British
Xew (Juebec. Ontario.
r ani- Saska t- Alberta. Colum- Canada.
Bruns- toba. chewan. bia.
wick.
.
.7 9.54 8.1 3.2 7.0 4.3 14.79 7.93
.88 1.83 1.67 1.2 2.6 3.03 5.80 2.13
.23 3.70 1.56 1.01 1.63 1.70 2.43 t.96
.22 2.50 .94 .58 .25 .84 1.80 1.20
4.14 3.19 2.45 1.07 2.41 1.55 3-18 2.50
.27 .45 .37 .29 .18 .39 .92 ..,11
.42 2.17 2.92 1.31 2.15 2-07 4.02 2.51
.84 3.93 4.58 3.62 5.73 1.97 5.05 3.87
2.ïJ 4.92 5,50 2.82 4.47 4.16 7.79 5.23
2.97 3.90 6.67 1.20 5.31 3.56 8.22 5.00
2.46 4.39 4.27 1.65 3.95 2.26 10.07 4.44
3.38 5.26 2.61 1.47 2.86 1.43 4.92 3.63
2.43 4.00 1-81 1.19 2.51 1.68 3.37 2.53
1.4S 2.54 1.52 .92 2.77 1.90 5.82 2.13
1.53 2-72 1.26 .81 1.95 1.09 4.06 2.19
1.09 2.28 1.42 ."]3 1.29 .94 3.98 1.19
1.37 2-50 .81 1.28 .59 .93 5.02 2.03
1.57 2.88 2.04 2.07 1.20 .52 17.06 3.59
2.02 3.20 1.90 4.97 6.01 2.79 18.62 J.29
3.97 3.41 2.66 4.50 4.92 4.01 11.78 1.02
2.37 2.31 2.91 4.62 5.24 5.12 10.21 3.96
3.06 3.25 2.34 3.18 4.03 2.06 7.60 3.13
1.03 2.56 2.27 2.71 3.19 1.71 6.01 2.52
.53 3.96 1.70 2.63 1.32 1.49 5.57 2.10
.40 3.05 1.60 1.41 2.15 1.15 5.81 2.1I
.20 2.85 1.51 1.33 .89 1.43 9.2.5 2.35
1.02 4.50 1.73 .31 .53 .67 4.66 2.37
.10 7.59 1.89 .49 .14 .55 5.09 3.26
.42 9.54 3.01 3.34 .34 .83 15.65 6.09
.45 14.73 6.39 4.32 4.13 3.62 24.70 10.2"
11.00 19.57 12.29 7.76 10.13 9.24 11.59 13.05
8.11 13.27 14.16 8.81 10.09 9.72 21.5G 13.07
7.3 10.72 14.76 9.85 12.07 10.34 42.08 16 12

WAGES.

Statistics of the ,vages and hour5 of labour in certain occupations
in Septenlber of each year have been cOlnpiled for recent years by
the Department of Labour. In order to indicate the general trend
of wages the method of index numbers ,vas adopted. For each trade
or occupation in each locality
index nUlnbers were calculated both
from the hourly and froln the ,veekly rates, 1913 rates being taken
as 100 in every case. Index numbers of ,vages were also calculated
for groups of allied trades, such as the building trades, metal trades,
and steam railways, by taking the sinlple arithmetic averages of
the index nUlnbers of each trade, also a general index number for
all th
above clasl:5es of skilled or semi-skilled labour. Supplementary
index numbers of wages of common labour in factories, in Iniscellanf'ou:5
factory trades and in lumbering ,vere also computed fro In numerous

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538

LABOUR, IVAGES A..VD PRICES

samples, using 1913 as the basic year. From these statistics, re-
printed in Tables 13 and 14, it may be noted that in every case the
hourly rate of wages has increased more rapidly than the weekly
rate, o,ving to the general reduction in hours, also that the wages
paid to common labour have in('reased proportionately more rapidly
than those paid to skilled labour.
'Vages paid and hours worked per ,veek in leading trades in
Canadian cities generally as in the autumn of 1920 are given in Table
15, railway wages in Table 16, sample ,vages paid and hours worked
per \veek in lniscellaneous factory trades in Table 17 for representative
factories, and salnple rates of wages and hours worked per week for
common labour in representative factories in Table 18.

13.-Index Numbers of Hourly and Weekly Wage Rates Paid to Skilled and Semi-Skilled
\\orkers In ta Canadian Cities, 1901-1920.
Rates in 1913=100.

Steam
Building Trades. Metal Trades. Printing Trades. Street Railways. Rail- Average for
7 Classes. 5 Classes. 2 Classes. 1 Class. ways. 21 Classes.
Year. 6Classes
Weekly- Hourly Weekly Hourly Weekly Hourly Weekly Hourly Rates. 1 Weekly Hourly
Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates. 2
-- -- --- -
- -- - - -
1901. . . .. 69.3 60.3 72.8 68.6 66.6 60.0 65.7 64.0 70.8 69-8 64.9
1902... .. 73.2 64.2 74.2 70.2 68.3 61.6 70.0 68.0 73.6 72.7 67.8
1903.... . 74.6 67.4 76.2 73.3 69.0 62.6 72.1 71.1 76.7 74.2 70.7
1904.. . .. 76.3 69.7 78.9 75.9 72.3 66.1 74.0 73.1 78.6 76.4 73.1
1905.... . 78.6 73.0 81.3 78.6 74.2 68.5 74.4 73.5 78.9 78.6 75.3
1906... . . 81.7 76.9 82.4 79.8 75.8 72.2 76.7 75.7 80.2 80,8 77.9
1907... .. 84.8 80.2 85.0 82.4 79.3 78.4 82.2 81.4 85.5 83.9 81.9
1908. . . .. 85.9 81.5 87.3 84.7 81.5 80.5 82.5 81.8 86.7 85.5 83.3
1909. '" . 87.3 83.1 88.6 86.2 83.8 83.4 81.5 81.1 86.7 86.9 84.5
1910... . . 90,0 86.9 89.5 88.8 88.2 87.8 86.5 85.7 91.2 89.4 88.4
1911.... . 92.6 90.2 92.2 91.0 91.8 91,6 88.1 88.1 96.4 92.1 91.2
1912..... 97.4 96.0 95.9 95.3 96.0 96.0 92-3 92.3 98.3 96.4 96.2
1913.... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1914... .. 100.3 100.8 100.4 100.5 102.4 102.4 100.6 101.0 101.7 100-6 101.1
1915... eo 100.5 101.5 101.2 101-5 103.6 103.6 97.4 97.8 101.7 101.0 101.6
1916.... . 101.5 102.4 110-4 106.9 105.8 105-8 102.5 102.2 104.9 110.3 105.2
1917.... _ 108.8 109.9 124.0 128.0 111.3 111.3 115.1 114.6 110.1 114.5 1121.8
1918.... _ 123.8 125.9 146.7 155.2 123.7 123.7 130.3 142.9 133.2 131.6 135.1
1919_... . 142.9 148.2 165.3 1
0.1 145.5 145-9 1.50.5 163.3 154.2 151.0 158.0
1920... . . 171.9 180.9 189.3 209.4 181.7 184.0 179.1 194.2 186.6 179.3 190.3
IPer mile, day, etc.
2lncludes Index numbers of mileage rates, etc., on steam railways.
14.-Index Numbers of Hourly and Weekly \\a
e Rates Paid to Common Labourers, IUiscellaneous
Factory \\orkers and Lumhermen. 1911-19'a0.
Rates in 1913= 100.

Year.

Common Labour
in Factories:
35 Samples.
Hourly 'Veekly
Rates. Rates.

1911................................... .
1912_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . .
1913....................... _... _. ..... __
1914. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _
1915. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1916. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . .
1917... _................................
1918. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . _ . . _ _ . . . . . .
1919............................. .......
1920. . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ _ .., . _ _ . . . . . .

94.9
98.1
100-0
101.0
101.0
110.4
129.2
152.3
180.2
215.3

99.8
98.9
100.0
100.3
100-0
108.3
126.6
145.6
167.9
198.3

MisceUaneous
Factory Trades: Lumbering:
72 Samples. 15 Samples.
Hourly 'Veeldy Hourly Weekly
Rates. Rates. Rates. Rates.
95.4 94.9 96.3' 96.3
97.1 99.3 9
.8 98.8
100.0 100-0 100-0 100.0
103.2 102.9 94.7 94.7
106.2 105.8 89.1 89.0
115.1 114.3 109.5 109.5
128.0 126.7 130.2 130.3
146.8 142.6 150.5 149.6
180.2 164.5 169.8 165.3
216.8 192.9 202.7 191.4

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542

LABOUR, IV AGES AND PRICES

lS.-Sample Rates of Wages and Hours per Week for Common Labour In Factories, 1920.

Location of Factory.

Dartmouth. N.S........ -.. .
Three Rivers, Que...... .. .
Three Rivers, Que...... " .

fontreal, Que.. .. . . . . . . . . .
)fontreal, Que. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ottawa, Ont...............
Ottawa, Onto . . . . . . . . . . .
Ottawa, Ont...............
Toronto, Ont... ... . .......

Halifax, N.S..... .. . . . . .
St. John, N.B...... . . . . . . . .
St. John, N.B...... . . . . . . . .
.Montreal, Que. . . . .
,Montreal, Que. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iontreal, Que.............

Iontreal. Que. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Wages
per hour.

$ cts
0.40
0.40
0.45
0.45
0.40
0.45
0.41
0.35
0.39
Wages
per week.
19.00
20.00
18.00
21.18
18.90
22.50
23.00

Hours
per week.

Location of Factory.

50
60
60
54
54
50
50
50
55

Toronto, Ont........ ....
Hamilton, Ont..........
London, Ont... .. . . . . . .
Regina, Sask. . . . . . . . . . . .
Calgary, Alta...........
Edmonton. Alta. . . . . . . .
Vancouver, B.C.........
Victoria, B.C... . . . . . . . .
Victoria, B.C... . . . . . . . .

'Wages
per hour.
S cts.
0.40
o 47
0.45
0.60
0.66
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.40-0.45-
Wages
per we<>k.
27.75
20.25
17.00
20.60
25.00
24.00
22.50

Hours
per week.

50
55
59
50
52\
49l
48
50
58

50
44
48
55
53
44
45

50
54
49!
55
49!
55
48

Toronto, Ont.... . .. . . . . .
Toronto. Ont.. . .......
Hamilton, Ont..........
London, Onto . . . . . . .. . . .
Winnipeg, Man. .. .. . . . . .
Winnipeg, Man..........
Winnipeg, Man. . . . . " . . .

PRICES OF COJIMODITIES IN CANADA.

Wholesale Prices.-Statistics as to wholesale prices in Canada
have been published annually by the Department of Labour since
1910. A special report covering the t,venty years, 1890 to 1909,
issued in 1910, ,vas followed until 1917 by annual reports bringing the
statistics up to date, while a résumé of the movement each month
appeared in the "Labour Gazette."
\nnual reports on the subject
are not now i
sued, but statistics are printed monthly in the "Labour
Gazette." The changes in prices are measured by index numbers
,vhich are percentages of the average prices during the decade 1890
to 1899. The list included 230 con1111odities fronl 1890 to 1909, 272
from 1910 to 1914, and 271 from 1915 to 1920. Tables 19 and 20
and the accompanying diagrams sho,v the course of prices by the
groups into which the list has been divided for each month of 1919
and 1920 and by years back to 1890.
Table 19 and its illustrative diagram are of special interest,
as showing the violent fluctuations of ,vholesale prices during 1919
and 1920. The index nunlLer of wholesale prices in Decem.ber 1920
was 290.5, nearly the same as that for January 1919. In the interval,
ho,vever, after a slight decline in the early months of 1919, there took
place a rapid upward movenlent of wholesale prices, culminating
in May 1920, ,vhen the index nUlllber reached its record height of
356.6, and follo,ved by an even lnore abrupt decline 'which at the
end of 1920 showed no signs of termination. The upward move-
ment lasting from l\larch 1919, to l\iay 1920, or fourteen months,
was practically reversed in the seven months from l\Iay to December
1920. Nevertheless, it is to be remembered that, as shown by Table
20 and its accompanying diagram, the average ,vholesale prices
of 1920, 333.6, "'"ere considerably higher than those of 1919, 293.2.

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548

LABOUR, WAGES AND PRICES

Retail Prices.-Since January 1910, the "Labour Gazette" has
published for each month the retail prices of some thirty foods, and
of coal, wood, coal oil, and the prevailing rates for the rent of a six-
roomed house in some 60 localities in Canada having a population
of 10,000 or over, as at the n1iddle of the month. Sin1ilar returns
were secured for December, 1900, and Decen1ber, 1905, for the Board
of Inquiry into the Cost of Ijving in Canada, 1914 and 1915. Fron1
these figures calculations of typical weekly expenditures have been
made in terms of the average prices for each year and each n10nth.
Tables 19 and 20 sho,v the results of this fan1ily budget for 1920
by months and for previous periods for the Dominion and for each
prOVInce.
For SOlne time it has been felt that statistics of retail prices
in Canada should be placed upon a broader basis and that quotations
should be-secured from a larger number of dealers for a larger nu"mber
of comn10dities so that an index nun1ber of retail prices might event-
ually be calculated. In 1918 the Cost of Living Con1n1issioner was
instructed to undertake the collection of quotations for a ,vide range
of food::; and groceries-a function taken oyer in 1919 by the Board
of Comnlerce and in 1920 by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics,
,vhich also secures from representative dealers quotations for fuel
con1modities. For January, 1921, and subsequent months the prices
reported by butchers and grocers to the Bureau of Statistics and
through the "Labour Gazette" correspondents to the Department of
Labour, have been averaged, and in future the retail prices of food
published in the "Labour Gazette" will be calculated on this bJ,3Ì.5.
Retail prices, according to the general view of econolnists,
inasmuch as they are n10re influeneed by custom and tradition-
by economic friction -than ,vholesale prices, move less rapidly
than the latter ,vhether up,vards or do,vn,vards. It will be noted
fronl the tables printed that whereas 'wholesale prices reached their
maxin1un1 in l\Iay, 1920, retail prices of the commodities n1entioned
attained their nlaxin1un1 only in July, 1920, and have since that
tin1e receded lllore slowly than wholesale prices. Between l\Iay and
Decen1ber, 1920, ,vholesale prices fell fron1 356.6 to 290.5 or 18.5
p.c., ,vhile froln July to December, 1920, retail prices of the com-
1110dities considered in the fan1ily budget declined only from $26.918
to $25.666, or 4.65 p.c.

PRICFS 0F COJIJ/ODITIES !J.V r..LVAD
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55]

XI.-FINIL,,"CE.

Under the gencral heaùing of Finance in t;ection XI are grouped
stati
tics relating to the public accounts of the Dominion Govcrnn1cnt,
including revenue and expenditure, public debt, a
sets and liabilities
and inland revenuc. 'fables have been added showing the receipts
and e"Xpenditurc of each of the nine provincial govcrInnents of Canada,
and thc::;e are follo,ved by financial statistics of urban Illunicipalities,
of the Ontario Ilydro Electric Po".er COlnnlÌssion, values of building
p(\rInits and
tatbtics of currency and banking, loan and trust
cOlllpall
cs, cOlllmercial failures, govenllnent annuities and insurance
COlnpanll'S.

PLIIUC ACCOU
TS.

Public Rcyenue.-For the fiscal year ended 1[arch 31, 1020,
the revenue on Consolidated }1'ulld Account attained the rccord total
of
34n, 7 4ß,:
3j; the expenditure ,,-as
303,843,930, leaving a surplus
of
43,D02,405. l'he revenue reeeived enabled the C
ovcflllnent to
meet all ordinary and capital outlays, including intere
i and pensions,
and to apply thc surplus to ,var expenditures. . For the year 1918-19
the corre
ponding figures ,,-ere: revenue "'312,946,747, expenditure

232,731,283, and surplus :'80,213,464. 1'able 1, ,vhieh
ives the
nulÌn itenlS of the revenue and eÀpenditurc for each of the five fi
cal
years I!H Ü to 1920,
hO'V8 that the revenup from customs in the
fiscal year 1920 rUllounted to
16b,79(j,823, \vhich is nearly half of
the total for the year, and nearly equal to the total revenue for the
fi
cal year 1916.
Tables 4 and 5 relate to "ar tax revenue, Table 4 bho,ving for
each of the six fbcal years ended 1920 the rcvenue collected under
the various legislative enactnlents of the DonlÌnion Parlialnent for
the raising of revenue for the purpo
es of the ,yare The total \var tax
revenue r
ised during thr
ix years alllounts to
183,ß58,287, of
\vhich 1,-.;'>,bOO,215 was paid by banks,
1,393,350 by trust and loan
cOlnpanies, ànd
2,5üO,331 by insurance companies. 1'he sum of
8110,
!)2,8-17 rcpresents the amount collected under the Business
Profits 'Tax Acts; :S29,GI3,4ßO is the amount of income tax collected
during the first t",.o years of its inlposition, and the extra ,var taxes col-
lected through the Inland Revenue Department amounted to
$33,308,084, of which ðI5,587,707 ,,
ere collected in 1920. The
yearly \var tax revenue has grown from 598,057 in 1915, the first
year of the "
ar, to ::'82,070,801 in the last year ended
Iarch 31,
1920, the amount raised in 1920 being 40 p.c. nlore than that of 1919.
Table 5 gives the taxes collected by the Inland Revenue Department
during the fiscal year 1920, representing for the most part the extra
taxes inlposed during the legislative session of 1918. The total for
the year 1920 amounts to 815,587,707, as compared \vith 811,888,508
in 1919.

552

FINA^
CE

Public Debt.-On 1\Iarch 31, 1920, the net public debt of
Canada as shown by Table 7, ,vas $2,248,868,624, as compared \vith
$1,812,584,819 on 1\larch 31, 1919. Before the war, on 1\1arch 31,
1914, the amount stood at $335,996,850. On the basis of the esti-
mated population at l\Iarch 31, 1920, viz., 9,030,000, the per capita
indebtedness is
249, as against $43 in 1914.
Arrangement of Tables.-1\10st of the tables in this section
have been arranged to provide for presentation of comparative
figures of the last five years, in accordance with the plan explained
in the edition of 1918 (p. 475). Corresponding figures of the years
before 1914 may be consulted by reference to the Year Book of
1916-17, pages 506 to 522, or to similar tables in the earlier issues.

1. Receipts and Expenditures on Consolidated Fund Account, 1916-1920.

RECEIPTR.

I tf'illS. 1916. 19]'i. 1918. 1919. J. 9::.0.
$ $ . $ $ $
Customs. . . . . . . _ . . . . 98,649,409 134,043,842 144,172,630 147,169,188 168,796.823
Excise. . . . . . . _. . . _ . - - 22,428,492 24,412,348 27,168,445 30,342,034 42,698,083
'\Var tax. . . . . . . . . . 3,620,782 16,302,238 25,379,901 56,177,:J08 82,079,80

Post. office . . 18,8fi8,û90- 20,902,384 21,345,394 21,603,542 24,471,709
Rail ways. 18,427,909 23,539,759 27,172,208 37,9ß7.551 1
.. . ..
Dominion Lands..... _ _... 2,299,5fiO 4,051),662 4.443,758 3,&39,927 4,622,592
Interest on investmpnts.... 3,35S,21O 3,094,012 4,466,724 7,421,002 17,086,981
Other items....... . .. . . 4,504,796 6,351,049 6,629,893 8,725,995 9,990,345
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . 172,1-17,838 232,701,29-1 260,778,953 312,9-16,747 3-19,746,335
,

EXPENDITURE.

$ $ $ $ $
Chargc.:; on debt 2 ....... . .. 23,926,442 37,770,651 51,517,790 80,185,604 108,989,747 3
Subsidies to Provinces.... . 11,451,673 11,469,148 11,369,148 11,327,236 11,490,860
Collection of revenue. . . . . . 47,902,
01 53,800,212 63,342,443 73,682,985 41,219,680
Militia and Defence... .... 4,681,503 4,301,785 3,912.459 3,253,876 4,616,782
Pensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671,133 2,814,546 8,155,691 18,282,440 26,004,461
CIvil government. . . . . . . . . 6,408,857 6,466,359 6,890,952 7 ,2
4,897 7,782,330
Public Works (Income)..._ 12,039,252 8,633,096 7,432,901 6,295,060 9,016,246
Soldiers Civil Re-estab..
lishment.... . . . . . .. . . . . . - - - - 45,869,064
Other items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,269,566 23,343,546 25,662,929 32,469,185 48,854,760
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,350,727 148,599,343 178,284,313 232,731,283 303,843,930
Surplus (+)............... +41,797,111 +84,101,951 +82.494,640 +80.215.464 + 45,902,405

1$41,402,061 Railway Revenue for the fiscal year 1919-20 was transferred and
applied against railway working expensps under authority of vote No. b60.
21ncludes charges of management, interest, sinking funds and premium, discount and
exchange.
3Sinking funds now included in special account.

PUBLIC .1 "'COU.VTS

- r:.....
,),)0

2.-I)t'blll'd Uecelpts on Consolidated "'lIn[1 \C(,Olll1t, 1916-1920.

I ti'ms.

Canada Gazette....... ..
Canals........ ..
<.. '
ual. . . . . . . . . . . .
Chinpsc Rcvi'nuf\. . . . . . . . . .
Civil S'rvicc Examination
}<'f'es. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cullen;' Fees.... . . . .
('U.::itomR.... .... ....
Dominion Lands.. . .
Dominion St('ami'rs...
EI('ctric Light In--p('ction..
Ex('isc. . . . . . . . . . . .
Finf's and Forfeiturf's... . . .
Fishpries...... . . . .
Gas In"'pe
tion.... ..
In
[X'ctlOn or Staplp4..
Insurancf' In
pection. . '.'
Int(,ft':-:t on Inv('
tment8.. .
Law Htamps.. . . . .
Lighthouse and Coast Ser-
vice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marinf'rs' Fund... . . . .
1\1 i1itia. .. .. . . . . . . .
Military College...........
M iUt ia. Pension R('venue
Modus Yivendi......

Ordnan('e lands...... .

PatRnt Fees... . . . . . .

PenitentiarIes, . .

POl't Office. . . . . .

Premium, DÏ!::count
Exchang(' .
Public Works.

Rail" ays.

Royal N.W.l\I. Police Offi-
('ers' Pensions.. . . .

Steam boat Inspect ion.

Superannuation Fund..... _ _

upreme and Exchequer
Court Reports........ . . .
War Tax....

Weigh ts and Measures.... .

Total. .

iHee foot note 1 on I age 552.

1916.

s

<>() St.i3
44 -;
' -'):)
u, 1__
1,
2
, 1:.?4
-31,714

10,24::
1,737
9
,649,40U
2,299,5.11
3.i,071
70,4.'}2
22,428,49

81,fì91
96,376
4fi, 032
91:J,6Hi
52, 9.
1
3, 3.')8, 210
II, 520
643
72,51ô
192,300
3.5,142
23,.')13
9,912

5,977

. .1
. . \
. ,
R::i

230,IY2
43, 16'>
18,85
,(j!}0

233, 718
411,787

.. 18, 4:!7, 909

a,330
5,09

31,797

3,620,782
110,857

1917.

I

37,5fì3
Mil,42:J
2,172,R37
S6,924

6,867
1,.').15
134,043,
42
4,0,),>,1:62
22,
32
71,3G6
24,412,34

240, 100
!J.'.630
54, Of.;
J, 4:;U, R11
57,2.50
3,094,012
9,910

8-tO
;f),9!14
!lO, Iii..
41, fi46
2.
, 4
}5
5,6ðO
5,553
251,9CO
60,191

O,902,3"'4

398,907
4:J!J, 6.19

23,539,758

5,133
4,037

33,2.30

141

16,302,23S
130,184

.

1918.

s

32,007
414,868
2, 3ß2, 2(i:1
208,966
4,20

1 " 4 .)
J 44 ,17i,6
{Õ
4,443,7:;8
9,fj81
79, 9:!O
2;,1 (,3,44.1
100,33G
114,572
5fi,31H
I , 499, Ri6
5
, 76:J
4, 4üfì, 72..
8,902
612
r.:J, 636
18,228
39,177
26,903
4,179
7.930

2.16,317
71 , 228

21,34'>,394

628, 2.
3
384,022

27,172,
08

5,OR3

2,793

29,947

222

25,379,901
139,584

1919.

s

29,4]4
387,6.').1
2.910,190
2,026,699

11 , 5G8
1,229
147,169,]8S
3,539,927
13,621
s
,071
30,342,024
228,
15
123,114
b5,701
1,0>:>2,070
f4 , 6S4
7,421,002
8,G28

33.

f\9,244
35, 9.
.

54,428
23,841

4,819
275.709
132,958
21,G03,542

532,849
396,664
37,967.5.51

4,030
2,775
26,069

78

.16,177,508
]34,890

1920.

s

50,325
441,926
3,731,725
13
.133
6,394
1,273
168,796,823
4,62
,.">92
13,181
115,
.)9
42,698,083
6:?8,793
336,MH
61 694
I,OH2,Wn
62,384
17,08G,981
7,490
621
78,227

53,.">99
47.979

9,835
354,497
130,843
24.471.709

1.974,072
479,088

5,586
4,594
21, 986

82,079,801
147,045

n2,U7,83

32,;OI,29-t
6
,778,953 312,9-16,7-17 3-19,746,335

554

FINANCE

3.-Detailed Expenditure on Consolidated Fund Account, 1916-1920.

I terns.

Administration of Justice.
Adulteration of Food..... .
Arts and Agriculture. . . . . .
Bounties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charges of Management..
Civil Government....... . .
Culling Timber. . . . . . . . . . .
Customs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department of Mines. . . .. .
Dominion Lands. . . . . . . . . .
Dominion Police..........
Excise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government of N.W. Ter-
ritories................. .
Immigration. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I nspection of Staples.. . . . . .
Interest on Public Debt.. .
Labour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legislation. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lighthouse and Coast Ser-
vice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mail Subsidies and Steam-
boat Subventions........
Marine Hospitals..... . . . . .
Militia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Naval Service........ . . . . .
Ocean and River Service. .
Penitentiaries. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Post Office. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Premium, Discount and
Exchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public Works, Collection
of Revenue...... . . . . . . . .
Public Works, Income.....
Quarantine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railways and Canals, Col-
lection of Revenue......
Railways and Canals, In-
come. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Royal C.M. Police........
Scientific Institutions.......
Sinking Funds........ . . . . .
Soldiers' Civil Re-estab-
lishment....... . . . . ... . . .
Soldiers' Land Settlement
Steamboat Inspection. . . . .
Subsidies to Provinces.... .
Superannuation... .. . . . . . . .
Trade and Commerce... . .
Weights, Measures, Gas
and Electric Light. ... . .
Yukon Provisional District

1916.

$
1,477,238
44,722
3,452,154
109,237
435,527
6,408,857
6,838
3,685,399
462,787
3,418,298
116,665
897,671
1, 1l5, 303
5,232
1,307,481
2,190,334
2,067
21, 421 , 585
56,742
1,180,363
1,937,759
1,768,757
66,741
4,681,503
1,153,894
1,154,426
1,213,918
903,318
671,133
16,009,139
296,309
857,877
12,039,252
203,309
20,777,830
671,590
1,395,022
463,494
1,773,021

64,884
11,451,673
454,342
1,897,246
305,215
344,575

1917.

$
1,484,682
42,796
3,614,844
101,428
496,387
6,466,359
6,511
3,745,791
390,873
2,866,712
128,505
977,333
1,056,156
5,147
1,181,991
1,951,494
2,593
35,802,567
57,565
1,651,743
1,769,289
1,990,582
66,817
4,301,785
1,196,614
1,237,230
1,113,872
913,208
2,8]4,545
16,300,579

849,341
8,633,096
206,098
27,124,004
750,525
1,179,670
434,755
1,471,697

67,560
11,469,148
458,927
1,588,247
296,306
339,971

1918.

S
1,485,390
46,643
3,846,018
113,497
488,707
6,890,952
6,046
4,054,320
380,762
2,552,304
128,966
1,255,006
1, 111, 277
5,810
1,211,954
1,922,761
2,240
47,845,585
75,264
3,073,334
1,860,309
1,853,320
53,169
3,912,459
2,354,496
1,069,573
1,192,674
980,168
8,155,691
18,046,558
5
842,648
7,432,901
239,451
34,849,608
444,629
1,031,157
361,593
3,183,493

70,381
11,369,148
478,264
1,381,621
322,549
301,612

1919.

$
1,495,688
44,621
3,884,929
270,802
723,336
7,234,897
4,625
4,274,793
392,018
2,247,997
148,489
1,151,489
1,027,150
4,963
1,112,079
1,971,172
2,353
77,431,432
166,260
1,766,401
1,911,247
1,391,850
74,291
3,253,876
9,515,936
792,182
1,365,199
1,007,586
18,282,440
19,273,758
582,340
877,472
6,295,060
227,389
45,494,584
559,695
719,143
375,575
1,448,495

207,559
72,874
11,327,236
495,017
1,330,449
311,293
183,243

1920.

$
1,641,122
44,987
4,783,083
352,558
875,645
7,782,330
4,338
4,671,680
566,175
4,751,780
151,588
1,283,694
1,215,082
3,979
i,388,185
2,351,969
2,320
107,527,089
648,713
2,617,581
2,120,005
1,632,906
90,112
4,616,782
15,090,383
1,168,438
1,558,502
1,022,330
26,004,461
20,774,312
587,013
921,619
9,016,246
222,506
8,418,624
1,184,832
3,386,389
464,450
1

45,869,064
2,886,156
82,634
11,490,860
517,245
1,502,712
346,327
205, 124

Total.... . . .. . . ... 130,350,727 148,599,3l3 178,284,313 232,731,283 303,843,930

lNow included in special account.

PUBLIC ACCOUNTS

555

4.-\\ar Tat Ren'nue durlnO' the ßo;('al )"('ars end('(l l\larch 31, 1915-1920.

I Trust Inland Total
and Loan Insurance Business Income Revenue War
Year.. Danks. Com- Com- Profi ts. Tax. Df'part- Tax
panies. panies. mente Revenue.
S S S S S S S
1915......... . - - - - - 98,057 98,057
1916........ . . 1,:'00,447 324,250 439,247 - - 1,536,838 3,620,782
1917. . . . . . . . . . 1,114,023 202,415 419,6U9 12,506,517 - 2,059,584 16,320,238
1918. . . . . . . . . . 1,115,758 2ü9,129 4Uß,540 21,271,084 - 2,227.390 25,379,901
1919......... . I,OU9,764 323,340 546,114 32,970,062 9,349,720 11,888,508 56,177,508
1920.... .... . . 1,1ïO,223 274,216 638,731 44,145,184 :?0,263,740 15,587,707 82,079,801
Total... . 5, '0 ,215 1,393,3.:)0 2,5. ,331 1 110,S92,8-17 29,613,J69 33,39ð,081 183,658,
87
I

ó.-\\ar Tal Re\('nue C"ollected by the Inland Uetenue J)('partment by Prmlnces,
durlnJ; the n,,('.a1 ) ear ended 11arch 31, 1920.

Provinces.

Prince Ed ward Island.
Nova Scotia...... . . . . . . . .
Kew Brunswick..........
Quebec.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario....... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manitoba. ..... . . . . . . . . . . .
Saskatchewan........... _
Alberta....... . . . . . . . . . . _ _
British Columbia....... . .
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . .. .
General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Totals. . . . . . . . . . . .
Less-Refunds...... . . .. ..
Xet "ar Tat Rt!\enue...

I Stamps.

S
3, 105
38,181
34,511
167,324
5S9,82.1
104,014
54,9631
56,922
117,S22 1
44.1 1
599
1.t
.7
t
1,169,709,

Trans-
portation,
Tickets,
Tele-
J!ram
,
Emboss-
ing, etc.

Aut
JewellC'ry.
mobile's.

s
- 1,581
16,411 23,8ftO
140,038 20,6
6
1, b05, 6ôO. 503,766 1
217,592 5,213,737
12, 1
51 563,857
1081 38,818
6,034 90,367
38, 6:6/ 127, 5
2
166,669, -
2,293,3.?3
32, 621 1
2,170.. 702

s

6,5S!,19t l
46,384
6,537,
10,

Provinces.

[echan-
ical Piano
Embossed and Organ '[atches. Playing
Cheques. Player Cards.
Actions.

Prince Edv. ard Island... .. .
Nova Scotia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Brunswick. _ _...... .
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario. .. . . . . . . _ _.... _ _ . .
Manitoba. . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Saskatchewan..... .. . . . . .. .
Alberta... . _ . . . . . . . ... . . .
BritlSh Columbia.. . . . . .
Yukon.. ... __._
General. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Totals ..........

Ite(unds.............
Net War Tal Revenue.... .

$

1,910
400
110,015
298,838
26,404
131
2,710
8,310

itS,l1
I
10,211
438,507

$ $

449 104
- 28
6,626 83,333
40,027 2,690,842
9 251
65 -

118

6,052
526

. 375
156
43,218
127,318
1,689
944
3,730
4,618
2

182,050
34
182,016

$
244
5,203
1,926
211,784
460,2
1
33,502
3,839
7,849
25,362
681

750,671
2,342

. t8,3'
9

Gramo-
phones,
Phono-
graphs,
etc.

$

$
12
8,690
7,591
55,827
504.,750
46,959
352
3,311
7,404

Tea.

$
1, 058
5,578
10,219
97,192
105,190
38,064
736
239
54,870
14

313,160
36, 086 1
287,071

)[o'\"ing
PIcture
Films.

S
933
13,379
9,118
40,443
105,652
20,483
14,645
16,675
19,778
291

241,397

241,397

:M usic
Rolls and
Records.

I
111
6:?3
4,319
196,645
125,241
14,769
539
2,904
8,322
9

353,"82
110

353,372

Total.

S
9,044
114,763
229,002
3,121,833
10,479,292
862, 186
115,140
190,741
418,794
1,967
167,268

15, 'i2.i,840 1
137,433 2
lE,587,707

47,29" 2,;
1,13G
703 24
46.591 2.781..112

6.'J.I,896
220
631,676

Ilncludes 515,110, representing "Fines." 21ncludes a refund of $18,698, representing fines.

556

FINANCE

G.-Population and Revenue and Expenditure per head, 1868-1920.

Revenue Expend i- Revenue Expendi-
Year. Population. per ture per Year. Population. per ture per
head. head. head. head.
No. Sets. S cts. N'). Sets. $ cts.
1868. . . . . . . . 3,372,000 4.05 4.00 1894.... . 4,894,000 7.29 7.54
1869. . . . . . . . 3,413,000 4.21 4.11 1895.. _.. 5,034,000 6.75 7.58
1870. . . . . . . . 3,454,000 4.29 4.15 1896.... . 5,086,000 7.20 7.26
1897.... . 5,142,000 7.36 7.46
1871 *.. . . . . . 3,485,761 5.55 4.48
1871. . . . . . . . 3,518,000 5.50 4.44 1898.... . 5,199,000 7.80 7.47
1872. . . . . .. . 3,611,000 5.74 4
87 1899.... . 5,259,000 8.89 7.97
1873...... .. 3,668,000 5.67 5.23 1900.... . 5,322,000 9.59 8.07'
1874........ 3,825,000 6.33 6.10 1901*. . . . 5,371,315 9.78 8.72
1901. . . . . 5,403,000 9.72 8.67
1875....... . 3,887,000 6.34 6.10
1876. . . . . . . . 3,949,000 5.70 6.20 1902.... . 5,532,000 JO .49 9.18
1877. . . . . . . . 4,01
,000 5.50 5.86 1903.... . 5,673,000 11.64 9.11
1878. . . . . . . . 4,079,000 5,49 5,76 1904.... . 5,825,000 12.13 9.55
1879. . . . . .. . 4,146,000 5,43 5.90 1905. . 5,992,000 11.88 10.57
1880. . . . . . . . 4,215,000 5.53 5.90 1906. . 6,171,000 12.99 10.90
1881 *.. . . . . . 4,324,810 6.85 5.90 1907. . 6,302,000 10.71 8.18
1881. . . . . . . . 4,337,000 6.83 5.88 1908... .-: 6,491,000 14.80 11.81
1882....... . 4,
84,000 7.62 6.18 1909.... . 6,695,000 12.71 12.56
1883 .. . . . . . . 4,433,000 8.08 6.48 1910.... . 6,917,000 14.67 11 .48
1911*.. _. 7,206,643 16.20 12.18
1884........ 4,485,000 7.11 6.94
1885.. . . . .. . 4,539,000 7.23 7.72 1911. . 7,158,000 16.47 12.26
1886. . . . . . . . 4,58Ð, 000 7.23 8.50 1912. . 7,343,000 18.54 13.37
1887. . . . . . . . 4,638,000 7.71 7.69 191
. . 7,530,000 22.40 14.88
1888. . . . . . . . 4,688,000 7.66 7.84 1914. 7,725,000 21.12 16.49
1915. . 7,928,000 16.78 17.09
1889. . . . . . . . 4,740,000 8.19 7,79
1890..... ... 4,793,000 8.33 7.52 1916. . 8,140,000 21.14 16.01
1891 *.. . . . . . 4,833,239 7.m
7.52 1917.... . 8,361,000 27.82 17.77
1891. . . . . . . . 4,844,000 7.96 7.50 19]8.. .. . 8,593,000 30.35 20.75
1892....... . 4,889,000 7.55 7.52 1919.... . 8,835,000 35.42 26.34
1893....... . 4,936,000 7.73 7.46 1920.... . 9,030,000 38.73 33.65

NOTE.-The years marked with an asterisk (*) are th08(, of the Census, April 2, 1871,
Apnl 4, 1881, April 6, 1891, April 1, 1901, June I, 1911. In all other cases the population is
estimated at the close of each fì
cal Yf:'ac: June 30 from ]868 to ]906 and March 31 from 1907
to 1920. The fiscal period of 1907 is for the nine months ended March 31.

7.-Public Debt of Canada, 1\Iarch 31, 1916-1920.

Net debt....

1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ . $ $ $ S
936,987,802 1,382,003,2ß8 1,863,335,899 2,460,183,021 3,041,529,587
321,831,631 502,816,970 671,451,836 647 ,5g8 ,202 1 792,G60,963 1
615,156,171 879,186,298 I,J91,88:1,063 1,812,584,819 2,2"8,868,624
21,421,585 35,802,567 47,845,585 77,531,432 107,527,089
3,358,210 3,094,012 4,46G,724 7,421,002 17,086,981

Description.

Total debt... . . . . . . . .
Total assets..........

Intf'rest on df'bt.. . . . .
Intf'rest on invest-
ments...... . . . . . . . .

lActive assets only. In calculating the net debt for 1920, $284,015,005 was deducted
from the as
ets as non-activc.

J>U BLIC trCnUJ\ TS

55í

8.- \s<;t'b of tht' Public J)t'bt of Canada, "arch 31, 1919 and 1920.

I terns.

1919.

1920.

Cftsh on hand and in hanks............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Special res('rv('. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advances to hank!!!, prGvinc-es, etc., s('cured.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advances to Imperial and Foreign Covernments........... ...
Advances to Soldiers' Settlement Board. . . . . . .. ............

Sinking Funds................................. ..... _ _.... _..
Miscellaneous current account
.. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

s S
133,552,382 156,652,549
122,227,36ì 105,067,644
106,796,711 157,124,864
229,851,294 211,173,19E
1,408,554 41,735,530
18,664,676 22,338,941
35,097,218 98,568,237

Total. . .. .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 6 t 7 ,59S,202

792,660,963

9.-Totall
lahllltit's of Canada, :\1arrh 31, 19tG-19
f).

Items. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
I S S S S S
Funded debt pay. I
able in:
London. . . . . . . 362,703,312 362,703,312 362,703,312 362,703,312 336,001,470
Canada. . . . . 100,298,603 340,312,352 881,528,614 1,475,884,861 2,066,856,126
New york....:: - 75,873,000 75,873,000 75,R73 ,000 135,873,000
Dominion notes. . . 177,943,132 183,248,987 250,798,861 289,258,698 311,932,792
Provincial notes... 39,220 39,220 39,207 39,207 1
Savings banks. .... 53,528,4
6 56,216,089 53,360,091 53,057,018 42,3J4,813
Compensations to
seigneurs.... . . . . 34,238 34.238 34,238 33,459 1
Temporary loans. 182,992,380 300,332,797 183,288,131 362,954,333 88,862,000
Bank circulation
Redemption
Fund. . . . . . . . . . . . 5,422,628 5,755,554 5,799,609 b,867,1H8 5,958,543
Trust funds.. . . . . . 10,379,590 10,509,887 11,307,015 11,885,092 13,550,967
Province accounts. 11,920,481 11,920,481 11,920,481 11,920,481 9,624,152
Miscellaneous. . . . . 31,725,792 35,057,351 26,683,340 27,159,076 30,535,72

Total. . . . . . .1936,987,802 1 ,382,903, 26..
1,863,335,899 2,676,635,725 3,O-U,529,587

11ncluded in Funded debt, payable in Canada.

558

FINANCE

.

lO.-Funded Debt payable in London and Canada, l\farch 31, 1920.

Description.

Date of Maturity.

PAYABLE IN LONDON.
4! per cent loan of 1920-25. . . . . . .

4

"

"

1940-60. . . . . . .

31

"

"

1884......... .

3! " " C. P. Ry. land
grant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3! per cent loan of 1930-50. . . . . . .

3
3
3
21

"
"
"
"

"
"
"

1888......... .
1892. .......
1894 . . . . . . . . . .
1897......... .
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

"

PAYABLE IN CANADA.
Provincial Notes, Nova Scotia.
Unpaid warrants, P.E.I. . . . . . . .
Compensation to Seigneurs... . . .
Compensation to Townships. . . .
Province of New Brunswick, 6
p.c. loan debentures......... . .
Province of Canada, 5 p.c. loan
debentures.......... . ........
Dominion Stock, issue A. 6 p.c.
" " A. 3! "
" " B. 3
"
" " C. 3
"
" " F. 3! "
Debenture Stock, 5 p.c., 1919..
School Lands, 5 p.c., 1922. ... . .
Debenture Stock, 5! p.c., 1919..
_ " 5! p.c., 1920..
" 5!p.c., 1921..
War Saving3 Certificates. . . . . . .
Dominion of Canada Savings
Certificates......... . . . . . . . . . .
'Var Savings and Thrift Stamps.
Dominion of Canada War loan,
1915-25, 5 per cent. . . . . . . . . . . .
Dominion of Canada 'Yar Loan,
1916-31, 5 per cent.. . . . . . . . . . .
Dominion of Canada \Var Loan,
1917-37,5 per cent............
Victory Loan, 1917, 5! per cent,
due 1922... '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Victory Loan, 1917, 5! per cent,
due 1937...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Victory Loan, 1917. 5! rer cent,
due 1927. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Victory Loan, 1918, 5! per cent,
due 1923..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Victory Loan, 1918, 5! per cent,
due 193.1......... .. ...........
Victory Loan, 1919, 5! per cent
due 1924...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Victory Loan, 1919, 5! per cent,
due 1934....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bond Loan, 3i per cent, 1925-28.
" 4! per cent, 1925-45.

Amount.

$
24,333,333

93,926,667

23,467,206

15,056,007
137,058,841

8,071,230
18,250,000
10,950,000
4,888,186
336,001,470

39,199
549
33,306
153
600
400
8,000
12,837
61,500
48,667
60,800
153,300
19,342,000
5,200
238,400
363,250
7,257,798
531,267
2,576,549
43,245,300
54,398,700
92,652,800
194,842,100
252,820,200
65,961,450
194,881,800
483,08,2150
105,289,550
481,741,850
2,000,000
65,207,351

Interest
payable
thereon.

$
1,095,000

3,757,067

821,352

526,960
4,797,059

242,137
547,500
328,500
122,205
12,237,780

May 1, 1925 (on or after May 1,
1920, on giving 3 months'
notice) .
October 1, 1960 (on or after Oct.
1, 1940, on giving 3 months'
notice).
On giving 6 months' notice or
June 1, 1934.
July 1, 1938.
July 1, 1950 (or after July 1,
1930, on giving 6 months'
notice) .
July 1, 1938.
July 1, 1938.
July 1, 1938.
October 1, 1947.

Overdue.

Overdue.

480

449 Various dates.
2,152
1,703 J
2,128 July 1, 1925.
Oct. 1, 1919 (overdue).
967,100 Oct. 1, 1922.
- June 1, 1919 (overdue).
13,112 June 1, 1920.
19,979 June 1, 1921. .
362,890 Various dates.
29,220 Various dates.
128,827 Jan. 1, 1924.
2,162,265 Dec. 1, 1925.
2,719,935 Oct. 1, 1931.
4,632,640 March 1, 1937.
10,716,316 Dec. 1, 1922.
13,905,111 De
. 1, 1937.
3,627,880 Dep. 1, 1927.
10,718,499 Nov. 1, 1923.
26,569,469 Nov. 1, 1933.

5,790,925 Nov. 1, 1924.
26,495,802 Nov. 1, 1934.
70,000 March 1, 1928.
2,934,331 Dec. 1, 1945.

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,066,856,126 111 9 871,213

PUBLIC ACCOUJ.VTS

559

Provincial Subsidics.-Tahl{'
11 and 12
ho'v the :unoullts of
the
ubsidies and other payulents lluHle by the I)ominion to the
Provincial Governulcn1.s for cach of the years 1915 to 1020, (rrahle
11), and the totals paid frOlI1 Cunfe(!(\ration to date (TaLle 12). 1'he
Provilleial subsidi('
payahle by the DonlÌnion Goverlunent ",'erE:
ori
inally settIe(l by the British
orth
\.lnpri('a .\.ct, 1867 (30 and

1 'Tict., c. 3, s. 118), hut "ypre revis{'d hy the Briti:-\h
orth .Anlprie3
.i\('t, IH07 (7 E(hv. 'II, c. 11). {jndpr th(' revi"p(l settlcn1ent each
Provincial Govenllnent rceeive'-\ (:1) a fixed grant according to popu-
lation and (b) a
rant at the rat' of 80 ('eut'5 pt'r head of the population
up to 2,300,000, and at thp ratp of no ("('nt
}1pr head of
o llluch of
the population as e'Xc('('(b that nUlllher. rIhe Province of British
Colulnbia received an additional grant of ]00,000 per :.ll1nUUl for a
period of 10 years fr0l11 1D07. 1
\n additional
rnllt of :-:100,000 pf'r
annUIH ig payable to Prince E(hyard l:..:land undC'r an Act of 1912
(2 Ceo. V., c. 12), and the l)aYlllcnts to ::\Innitoba ".ere revised by
the Extpnsion of Boundarip
(
[anitoba) Act (2 Gpo. V., ('. 32).
Other paYln('nt
to the Provineial GOvC'flHll{'nt
hy the ])olninion
Governlllcnt consj,;t of speeial grant
, as conlpensation for land'} and
allo" finccs for buildinbs, al1o" :.tI1CP:i in lieu of deht, etc.

l1.-Subsidies and other Payments of Dominion to PrO\,lnrial (;oveJ'nmenfs, 1915-t920.

Provinces. 191:>. 191(3- 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
S S S S ! S
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . 381,93:1 381,932 381,932 381,932 3bl,932 381,932

ova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
t),6ß7 636,667 6:36,üli7 636,6ß7 6a6,()ü7 636,667

ew Brunswick.......... 637,97ß 637,976 637,U7ü 637,976 637,97(; 637,976
Quebec.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J ,969.fì
0 I,Otj9,ü:30 1,9GU ,(i30 1,9ü9,630 I,HG9.6
0 1,9G9,ß30
On tario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,396,379 2,396,379 2,396,379 2,396,379 2,3U6,:H9 2,3nü,379
Manitoha. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,406.204 1,40ü,:?04 1,423,679 1,423,679 1,447.335 1,470,991

a..katche\\ an. . . . 1,710,67:> 1, 710,(j7.
1,710,675 l,71O,ü75 1,6
0,077 1,753,075
Alberta. . . . .... . . . 1,589,075 1,5
U,075 1,5
9,075 1,5
9,075 1,554,105 1,621,075
British Columbia....... . . 723,135 723,135 723,135 623,135 623,135 623, 1
5
Total. . . . . . . . . . . U,tã1,673 11,151,673 1l.t69.US 1l.369, 1-18 1l,3'H ,236 11,190,860

12.-Total of Subsidy _\no\\ances from Jul) 1, 1867, to l\larch 31, 1920.

Provinces.

Total.

I Allowance AIIO\\ ance
for per head Special
Govern- of Grants. 1
men t. Population.
S S S
2,3
0,000 4,003,768 2,4Rl,986
4,870,000 17,496,613 826,980
4,340,000 13,413,831 7,680,000
5,9
O,OOO 55,266,112 -
6,320,000 69,786,022 -
4,075,000 9.4 1:>,959 8,737,626
2,521,6(;7 5,945,023 7,781.250
2,496,660 4,747,557 7.312.500
3,480,000 6,000,496 5,900,000
I 36,313,333 IS6.105,381 4-0,720,312

5
2,021,002
2,443,797
1,027,126
3,412,343
2,892,301
8,008,421
6,080,62.3
6,OSO,62:>
1,438,186
33,-101,426

Intprest
on Debt
Allo" ance. II

Prince Edward Island.....

o'\"a ':;cotia... . .. . . .. .. .. .
New Bruns" ick. . . . . . . . . . .
Que bee.. . . . . . . .
Ontario..... .

Ianitoba. . . . . . . , . .
Saskatche" an...... . . . . . . .
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Columbia. . . . . . . . .

Total. . . . . . . . . .. .

S
10,826,756
25,637,390
26,460,9.57
64,598,455
78,998,323
30,267,006
22,328,565
20,637,348
16,81
,682
296,573,482

I See Canada Year Book 1907, pp. xxxiii-iv.
2 Compensation for lands and allo" ances for buildings.
I Allowance in lieu of debt.

.

560

FINA]{CE

INLAND R.t.; VENUE.
Under the Inland Revenue Act (R.S. 1906, c. 5), the Departnlent
of Inland Revenue until 1918 had the control and management of
the collection of excise duties, of stamp duties, internal taxes, standard
weights and measures and of the collection of bridge ,and ferry tolls
and rents. It adnÜnistered the statutes ,vhich deal ,vith the adul-
teration of food and other articles, electricity and gas inspection,
patent medicines, petroleulll, naphtha and the analysis of fertilizers
and feeding stuffs. The Departnlent also established the food stan-
dards, ,vhich "
ere put into force fronl tiIne to tinle by Orders in
Council under the authority of Section 26 of the Adulteration .L
ct.
For the year ended l\Iarch 31, 1920, the total inland revenue of the
Dominion amounted to $58,928,536, as compared with $42,505,989
in 1919. By Order in Council, dated l\1ay 18, 1918, the Department
of CustOlllS and the Departnlent of Inland Revenue ,vere alllaigamated
and combined under the name of the Departnlent of Custolns and
Inland Revenue under one :\Iinister of the Crown. By Order in
Council dated June 3, 1918, the administration of the Gas, Electric
Light and 'Yeights and Measures Inspection Acts, the Adulteration
of Food, COlnmercial Feeding Stuffs, Fertilizers, Proprietary and
Patent l\lcdicine and Inspection of 'Vater l\leters Acts was trans-
ferred to the DepartInent of Trade and COlnmerce as froln Septenlber
1 1918.
Canadian Excise Tariff.-The follu,ving is a statement of the
Canadian excise tariff, as anlended by Parliament during the R
sRion
of 1918 (8-9 Geo. V., c. 28):

Spints-
'Vhen made from raw grain, per proof
gal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2 .40
When made from malted barley..... 2.42
\Vhen made from import('d molasses
or other sweetened matter free of
Customs duty, per proof gal. . . . . .. 2.43
Malt, per lb...... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 0.03
Malt, imported, crushed or ground,
per lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., 0.05
Malt liquor, when made in whole cr
part from any other substance than
malt, per gaL... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0.15
Vinegar, pf'r proof gal. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04
Acetic acid, per proof gal... .. . . . . . . _ 0.04

Tobacco, per lb..................... .$0.20
Cigarettes, \\ f'ighing not more than
3 lb. per M, per thousand........... 6.00
Cigarettes, weighing more than 3 lb.
per M, per thousand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.00
Foreign raw leaf tobacco, unstemmed,
per standard lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0.40
Foreign raw leaf tobacco, stemmed,
per standard lb.................... 0.60
Canada twist tobacco, per lb. . . . . . . .. 0.20
Canada raw leaf tobacco, per standard
lb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 0.05
Snuff, per lb. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. 0.20
Cigars, per M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 6 00
Cigars, when put up in packages of less
than 10 each, per M....... .......... 7.00
Consumption of Alcohol and Tobacco.-The separate sources
of inland revenue for the years 1914 to 1919 are set out in Table 13.
The t,vo largest sources of inland revenue are spirits and tobacco,
'which together accounted for about 65 p.c. of the total in 1920 and
over 80 p.c. of the total in 1913. Tahles 18 and 19 in the edition of
1916-17 sho"Ted that the consumption of aleoholic liquors and of
tobacco tended annually to increase, both absolutely and relatively
per head of the population up to the year 1913. For the year 1912-13
the consumption of spirits reached its highef't point, viz., 1.112 gallon
per head. For the year 1913-14 the consumption of malt liquor rose
to its hig.hest po\nt, viz., 56,060 ,846 gallon
, or 7 .2 gallons per head.

J.VLA.YD RFrEXl E

5tH

Hut und 'r thc inHu 'nc<<' ûf the.'" ,var and resulting; Ip
i
latioll a luarked
d{\erl"a:-.p is apparf'nt. and for thl' y('ar IH1.>-H; the consulnption of
:-\pirit:-\ fpH to 0.74.") gallon I)('r head, as again::; 0.872 gallon l)('r IH'ad
in I!H-l-l.") and l.üül gallon per head, ill lUl;
-14. For lUIG-lï
t he ('on
unlption }Jt"r head, viz., o. ()D
gallon, Wtl::; thc lowl'st sincL'
ISDn, whpn it ".a
(). f)fa gallon, whil{\ the consunlption }>{\r head for
the fÌ:,<'al years UJlö, 1019 and 1020 ".a
0 .()!)
). 0 .3tH and o. ()24 gallon
r('
p('ctiy('ly. rfhp ('On:-illlnption }>pr 11(':1d of wine was o. 07x gallon
in IH:!O, as a1!.ain
t 0.02.") gallon in 1019. In the ('a:;c of Blalt liquor,
th(' ('on:,ulllption in th ' fi--cal year 1.!120 ,v:p., t. 100 gaHon
I)('r ht'ad
of heer, a
again
t 2. U-lb J,!:allons P('f ht'ad in 101 H. Of tobacco,
thl' qU:llltity (.ol1sunl('d in ]
t
O ".a:-\ 30,:371 ,Uti 1 Ih., a
eonlpan'd ".it h
2-1.ö-10,
.):{ Ih. in IU 10 and 21),77 -1,2nh Ih. in 191
. T'h(\ nUlnl)('r of
cigar
con:5 1 1111cd 'V:.1S 270,U
H,7f)] in IH20, a:-\ a!!,ain
t 221,087,110 in
HH Hand 2:>4,4-15,H-1;") in It)] b. "flu' ('on:-\1unption 1)('r h{'ad of
toha('('o, ineluding eigar:-3, was ;3 .7.J.5 lb. in 192u and
. ] on Ih. in 1910,
a:-. again:-\t 3 .ö12 II,. in Hllh and 3 .
18 lb. in 191:{, in whieh ypar the
higlw:-,t point "Ta:-\ re:tl'IH'd.
Electric Light and Power.- EI('(.trie light and po\\"('r cOlllpani('

ar(' :-\ubject to regi:-\tration and in
pe('tion und{'r thp El('ctricity
In
pcction 6\('t, 1
J07 (n-7 Ed".. \ II, c. l.t:), and th(' production of
('lectril"al C'IH'r1!Y for ('xport i:-\ rt'l!.ulat('d hy th(' Electricity and Fluid
Exportation .d(.t, 1007 (ü-7 Ed,,,- YII, e. lß). Both Acts ".prt' adrnin-
i:,Ü'n'd by tlu. ])('partnH'nt of Inland HpvpnlH' until
('pt(,lubpr
1, 1 f) 1b, ,,'hpn h
. Urd('r-in-Council of June 3, 1 9 1b, tht'ir adn1Ïni
tration
wa:, tran
f('rrl'd to the I)('partnH'nt of rrr:.Hlp and
olnnl('rce. 1
h('

tati:-\ti('s puhli
hed in t=UI1IH\l'tion "ith th('--(, Aet:, ar{' giVPH in rrables
18 and 19.

13.- t;uisc and Othl'f U('\('nu('s fOf the t'i
cal Y('ars 1915-19"!O.

::,ources of Revenue. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
!
S S S S
Acetic aeid... . . 7,255 8,250 8,049 7,::S30 6,795 6,007
Cigars. . . . . .. . ...... .. 625,905 635,158 730,215 776,086 1,261,915 1,629,254
Electric light... . . 82,565 70,5ß
71,116 79,520 1 1
......... .
)[alt. . . . . . . .. 2,616,28'3 2,689,300 2,367,902 1,791,482 1,477,792 2,101,939
Malt liquor..... _.:::::::: 142,903 97,779 109,215 80,486 19,082 76,502
Manufactures in bond.. . . . 94,904 10.:;,812 110,409 123,183 118,856 124,171
)[ethylated spirits..... . . . 9ß,747 111 ,846 183,708 398,968 322,583 508,406
Ferry licenses........ . . . . . 989 989 989 2,013 - -

. 4,141 10,349 8,353 6.933 42,021 213,167
' elzures.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Spirits.......... .. .. .. .... 8,706,481 8,701,075 9,880,567 11,486,527 6,964,415 8,950,241
Tobacco....... . . . . . . . . . . . 9,352,881 10,222,784 11,197,103 12,616,879 20,248,335 29,455,255
War tax, revenue stamps,
etc.... . 98,057 1,550,488 2,072,441 2,253,422 11,964,740 15,744,,040
Weights and.

,'g

Þ anrllaw stamps. . ... . . . . 172,740 169,454 194,417 204,955 8,628 2 7,490 2
Other revenues.. . . .. . . . . . 83,075 78,389 123,433 134,582 70,827 112,064
Totals.. . . . . . . . . . ./22,08-1.931 2-1,.152,235121,051,911 129,962.366 ,12,505,989 58,928,5d6
--

1 Administration now under Department of Trade and Commerce.
2 Law Stamp
only.
18427-36

562 FINANCE
14.-Statistics of Distillation for the Fiscal Years 1916-1920.
Schedule. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Licenses issued. . . . . . . . No. 16 18 19 18 14
License fees. . . . . . . . . . . S 3,750 4,375 4,625 4,375 3,500
Grain, etc.,for distillation-
Malt..... . . . . . . . . . . . lb. 4,863,855 7,969,353 5,292,991 996,093 524,832
Indian corn. . . . . . . . . . " 33,006,091 69,447,487 35,633,568 15,310,212 7,044,316
Rye. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 6,932,883 10,430,817 7,027,450 1,775,935 1,170,162
Oats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 169,130 131,580 124,460 41,900 28,700
\Vheat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 27,782 1,237,140 482,596
Total grain for dis-
tillation. . . . . . . . . . . " 44,971,959 88,007,019 48,078,469 19,361,280 9,250,606
Molasses... . . . . . . . . . " 14,884,460 27,416,716 18,171,440 58,598,950 34,072,251
Proof spirits manu-
factured . . . . . . . . . . . gal. 3,450,012 6,400,119 3,566,955 4, 187, 109 2,356,329
Duty collected ex-manu-
factory on deficiencies
and assessments--
Gallons... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,066 3,080 2,413 1,860 388
Amount. . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 9,759 7,404 5,791 4,464 931
Total duty collected plus
license fees. . . . . . . . S 13,509 11,779 10,416 8,839 4,431
Vinegar. .. . . . . . . . . . . gal. 2,324,408 2,737,921 2,960,501 2,922,886 2,693,779
Acetic acid. . . . .. . . . . " 203,753 198,735 180,749 167,383 147,669

15.-':Quantities of Spirits, lUaU Liquor, lUaIt and Tobacco, taken out of Bond for
Consumption in the Fiscal Years 1915-1920.

I
I terns. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Spirits. . .. gal. 4,021,090 3,629,324 4,118,147 4,591,972 2,941,108 3,816,124
Malt
liquor.. " 47,963,225 39,638,877 34,827,284 28,442,427 26,024,117 36,863,867
Malt. . . .. h. 111,037,743 89,476,590 78,815,746 59,626,049 49,184.747 69,975,631
Tobacco,
snuff and
cigarettes " 24,444,380 23,937,785 24,656,910 26,774,298 24,640,853 30,371,961
Cigars. . . . No. 236,866,542 207,647,808 239,752,252 254,445,945 221,087,110 270,089,761

16.-Consumption per head of Spirits, Win(', Beer and Tobacco, and amount of
Excise and Customs Duties per head, in the }iscal Years 1913-1920

I terns. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Consumption of-
Spirits. .. ... ... gal 1.112 1.061 0.872 0.745 0.698 0.699 0.391 0.624
\Y ine . . . . . . . . . . " o 131 0.124 0.095 0.062 0.061 0.061 0.025 0.078
Beer. . . . . . . . . . " 7.005 7.200 6.071 4.950 4.188 3.414 2.948 4.100
Tobacco.... . . . lb. 3.818 3.711 3.427 3.329 3.330 3.612 3.109 3.745
Duty paid on-
Spirits. . . . .. ... $ 2.340 2.249 2.086 1.951 1.788 1.810 0.942 1.586
Wine. . . . . . .. .. $ 0.076 0.069 0.051 0.033 0.033 0.036 0.015 0.056
Beer. . . . . . . . .. $ 0.320 0.328 0.379 0.362 0.304 - 0.228 0.170 0.243
Tobacco....... $ 1.462 1.438 1.361 1.454 1.520 1.698 2.520 3.541

I...YLA...VD REI
E1YUR

5ß3

Distille

lalt.,tc
Brewer
Tobaec
u

Cigar m
Petrolc
)Ianufa
Vineg
Perfu
pre
Fulrn
Cere a
Chern
Wood
'Ialt
Malt
Compo
Still rn
Aeeti
Rond
Explo
Reet
Sund

ti.-
umlwr of Enis(' 1..it'el1scs issued durlll
the Fiscal Years 1912..19')0.

Description. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. HH6. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
- - - - - - - -
rs.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 14 14 14 13 15 12 14 12
rs.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 40 37 36 19
109 98 81 75
8..................... . 114 117 119 118 1

o manufacturers.. . . . . . . 64 72 82 89 82 71 72 87
Can. twist.... . . . . . . . 40 31 24 25 19
anufacturcrs........... 235 253 255 262 221 220 195 165 155
um refineries.. ..... . . . . 4 :; 5 6 9 10 12 11 13
cturcrs in Bond-
rar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 10 20 20 18 19 21 19 19
mes, pharmaceutical
parations, etc.. . . . ... .. 2
29 37 47 54 37 38 32 88
inate of mercury...... . 1 1 2 2 2 - - - -
I fooùs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 1 1 3 - - - -
ical f'tills.... .. . . . . . . . . 48 70 70 69 119 116 123 122 129
alcohol manufacturers 16 11 11 11 12 11 12 12 12
vinegar brcw('rs... . . . . . 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - 1
unders... . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6 6 5 2 - - - -
anufacturers.......... 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 6
c acid manufacturers... 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2
ed warehouses... . . . . . . 253 2ü2 2j2 265 230 228 180 135 85
sives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 4 5 5 2
ificrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 2 2 5 3
ries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 17 23 50
O

18.-:S'umber of EIt.ctrlc 1.,I,::ht and PO\H'r ('OD1paules reJ.!l...tered 11 nd{r tte I ru hfdf,
Inspection --'.ct In the }l
ca1 1.ears 1913..1920.

Provinces. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.

o. Ko. Ko. No. No. No. No. No.
Prince Ed" arrl 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 11
Island. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nova Scotia........ . 36 37 35 35 38 36 37 37
New Brunswick..... 2:> 24 24 24 23 25 25 27
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 70 53 61 79 94 133 140
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 262 282 287 308 317 328 328
Manitoba......... . . . 18 16 16 16 18 20 23 23
Saskatchewan.... . . . 15 52 54 54 58 59 65 86
Alberta......... . . . . . 28 39 36 36 41 45 47 53
British Columbia.... 36 57 55 55 60 60 62 63
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 - - - - - -
Totals. . . . . . tbO 56! 561 57! 632 663 728 768

18427-361

564

FIJ.V Al\
CE

l'.-Electrical Energy
cnerated or produced for Export and for Consumption in
Canada under authority of the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act during
the Fiscal Years 1916-1920.

Companies.

Ontario Power Company of Niagara
Falls, Niagara Falls, Ontario.. ..... .1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

Canadian :r-;iagara Power Company,
Niagara Falls, Ontario........ . . . . . . . .1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

ElectricallDevelopment Company (Tor-
onto Power Co.), Niagara Falls, On-
tario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

Ontario and Minnesota Power Company,
Fort Frances, Ontario. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

Maine and New Brunswick Electrical
Power Company, Ltd., Aroostook
Falls, N.B.......................... .1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

British Columbia Electric Ry. Co., Van-
couver, B.C.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

Generated
or produced
for export.

Generated
or produced
for consump-
tion in
Canada.

Total output
of generating
station or
other
source.

nits.

Lnits.

199,135,160
328,442,040
321,768,400
316,921,400
319,362,000

400,521,090
315,227,479
256,005,960
254,633,727
203,601,550

34,652,000
118,356,500
138,062,000
141,511,000
108,237,000

13,144,070
16,572,984
14,225,610
18,060,373
12,043,120

3,075,893
3,549,825
4,190,996
4,954,661
6,122,638

330,626
296,190
327,832
290,530
354,780

Units.

616,834,440
638,557,160
654,412,500
648,248,300
674,306,800

11,178,910
165,370,521
338,011,040
374,972,273
371,071,450

395,346,500
584,697,800
660,172,800
698,897,700
420,628,800

11,789,534
11,088,154
11,354,710
12,556, .500
13,182,552

242,437
298,275
251,104
266,039
369,862

68,470,689
60,874,625
76,419,718
67,502,970
86,650,420'

815,969,600
966,999,200
976,180,900
965,169,700
993,668,800

411,700,000
480,598,000
594,017,000
629,606,000
574,673,000

429,998,500
703,054,300
798,234,800
840,408,700
528,865,800

24,933,604
27,661,138
25,580,320
30,616,873
25,225,652

3,318,330
3,848,100
4,442,100
5,220,700
6,492,500

68,801,315
61,170,815
76,747,550
67,793,500
87,005,200

PRO 1 Il\rIAL PUBLIC ACCOU..YTS

19 -1:h'<'frh'..LI F:1U'r
)'
t"IU.'r<Lt('(1 or I)roduct"d for Etport and for Consumption In
(':Lnada undt'r authorlt)" of the Elt"ctrlcit). and }'Iuid };xportation Act d tiring
tlu' ..1St'.LI \ t'.Lrs 191G-'?ft -conduded.

C'omranics.

Generated Total output.
Generated or produced of generating
or produced for consump- station or
for exrort. tion in other
Canada. source.
I
Cnits. Units. Units.

11,937,700 bO,4hS,U:?0 72,405,720
13,Ü92,S20 78, 7Uß, 210 92,489,030
14,242,7.:;ß 72,014,814 81j, 257,570
I 9,373,700 fl4, 9ßli, 470 104,340,170
14,541,734 103,779,966 118,321,700
230,s
O 8,GO.3,2oo 8,83ü,020
273,500 9,302,040 9,575,540
118,791 4, 270, tt
6 4,389, fH7
I 2ß5, 378 9,722,37ü 9,987,754
273,696 9,890,952 10,164,648
I 358,7.:;3,000 5ü,031,000 414,784,000
I 42
, 300, 000 114,952,000 543. 342, 000
3S0, 635,000 lð 7,916,000 568,551,000
I 395,9ß6,000 205,95R,250 601,924,250
2ð2,225,000 222,420,500 504, 645, 500.
I 1,301,200 145,291,100 146,592,300
I 2,997,000 143,522, GOO 146, 519, üoo
1 O
I,;
O,3ã9 1, '!')8,966, 730 2,250,747,089
1 1 ,"!.)J,7U,338 1,66:1,036,785 2,888,748,123
'I 1,129,577,3J5 2,052,150,012 3,181,727,351
1 1,IJ3,277,969 2,258,381,978 3,401,659,941
I 9J9,;- 5S,518 2,OJ5,823,882 2,995,582,400

Wt:::!tf'rn Canada. }'ower Co., 'ancouver.
B.C... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1916
1917
1918
1919
1920

Shcrbrooke Railway and PO\\f'r Comp.iny,
:---herbrookf', Que. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .1916
IH17
1918
HH9
1920

Ce,far
Rapids Mr
. and Po\\er Co.,
Cedars Rapids, Que... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191b
HH7
HH8
UHfI
1920

\\ est Kootenay Power and light Co., Ltd.,l
Rossland, B C........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hit!
lÐ20

Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1916
1917

191

1919

19
O

IFirst exportation in November, 1918.

PRO\"I
CIAL PUBLIC ACCOUNTS.

In the Year Book for 1019, a summary statenlent of the ordinary
receipts and expenditure of the nine provincial governlnents appeared
for the first tilllP, 011 a cOlllparable ba::;is, as the result of an exhaustive)
detailed analysis of the provincial public accounts in the Finance
Division of the Dominion Bureau of Statistic
. In the present issue
this analysi::, ha
been carried for".ard to include the provincial fiscal

565

,

566

FINANCE

year 1919. All doubtful points have been cleared up by corres-
pondence between the Bureau and the provincial authorities con-
cerned. The various items of receipts and expenditures have been
classified under appropriate headings, and a uniform terminology
has been adopted. The result is given in Tables 21 and 22. which
present for each of the three provincial fiscal years, 1917, 1918 and
1919 summary statements of the ordinary receipts and expenditures
of all the Provincial Governments, as classified under principal head-
ings. From these statements it is possible to ascertain the amounts
received and expended in each year under the respective headings for
each province and for the provinces as a whole.
In the use of these tables it should be borne in mind that the fiscal
years in the different provinces do not coincide. In Prince Edward
Island, Manitoba and Alberta the fiscal year ends December 31, in
Nova Scotia September 30, in New Brunswick and Ontario October
31, in Quebec June 30, in Saskatchewan April 30 and in British
Columbia March 31.
Table 20 gives the total and per capita annual ordinary revenue
and expenditure for each of the three provincial fiscal years ended
1917-19. The total ordinary revenue of the nine provinces for the
latest fiscal year available, 1919, is $77,476,695, as compared with
$69,010,108 in 1918, $58,150,691 in 1917 and $49,878,090 in 1916.
The total ordinary expenditure in 1919 was $76,919,983 as against
:$67,491,704 in 1918, $59,872,829 in 1917 and $52,607,645 in 1916.
Thus the total revenue shows an increase of 55.3 p.c. in the short
period of three years, and the total expenditure an increase of 46.2
p.c. The n1ain cause of the increasing expenditure has been, of course,
the rapid rise in the prices of the commodities and labour required
for the public service, while the extension of the functions of govern-
ment has also been a considerable factor.
Considering the individual provinces, the largest revenue for
1919 is that of Ontario, $20,692,166, Quebec being next with $12,666,-
352, and British Columbia third "\vith $10,931,279. As regards the
total expenditure for the same year that of Ontario was highest,
$21,980,585, Quebec being second with $12,371,131 and British
Columbia third with $9,887,745. Per capita the largest revenues are
in Alberta, $16.80, British Columbia, $15.21, and Manitoba, $13.91,
and the largest expenditures in Alberta, $16.21, British Columbia,
$13.76, and Manitoba, $13.73.

PRO \ I}{CIAL PUBLIC _1CCOUNTS

567

2t.-..1nnual Reunue and }:Xpendlt.urc of the Provincial Governments, 1917-1'.

Revenue. Expe.nditure.
Provinces.
1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
$ $ $ $ $ $
Pnnce Ed\\ard Island...... . 496,053 514,474 501,915 487,113 484,416 655,409
Per head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.29 5.49 5.35 5.20 5.17 5.99
Nova Scotia ............... 2,118,620 2,332,634 3,280,313 2,344,009 2,573,797 3,280,282
Per head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.14 4.53 6.32 4.58 4.99 6.32
New Brunswick...... .. . . . . 1,572,815 2,357,909 2,182,420 2,166,904 2,399,062 2,595,937
Per head......... ..... 4.32 6.43 5.92 5.9;; 6.54 7.04
Quebec. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . 10,441,115 13,806,392 12,66
352 9,907,672 11,671 ,830 12,371,131
Per head.............. 4.66 6.05 5.44 4.42 5.11 5.32
Ontario. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,2G9,596 19,270,122 20,692,166 16.268,567 18,899,199 21,980,585
Per head.. ........... 6.66 6.93 7.34 5.93 6.79 7.79
1.Iani toba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,292,986 6.723.013 8.613.364 6,860,355 7,307,727 8,497,942
Per head. . . . .. . . . . . . . . 11.00 11.30 13.91 11.99 12.28 13.73
Saskatchewan.... .... ... . . . . 5,726,715 7,425,367 8,733,761 5,553,965 6,828.596 8,125,203
Per head........ . . . . 8.50 10.42 11.58 8.24 9.58 10.77
Alberta...... .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . 6.326,007 7,697,352 9,875,125 6,752,504 8,303,808 9,525.749
Per head......... . . . . . 12.12 13.90 16.80 12.94 14.99 16.21
British Columbia.... . . . . . . . 6,906.784 8,882,845 10,931,279 9,531,740 9,023,269 9,887,745
Per head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.22 13.35 15.21 15.48 13.57 13.76
Totals. .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $8.1.50611 G9,OI0,10h 77,4 ;6,69'; 51,872,829 67,491,704 75,919,983
Per head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.95 8.04 8.77 7.16 7.85 8.71

568

FIAT A!{CE

21.-CJassified Summary Statement of Ordinar)
Receipts of

Prince Edward Island. Nova Scotia
Receipts.
1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
$ $ $ $ $ $
Dominion Government Subsidies....... . 372,182 372,182 372,182 636,667 636,667 636,667
Agricul ture .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 10,559 1,811 11, 789 14,509 19,546
Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 785 802 20,331 24,010 42,002
Mines and )Iining.. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ... - - - 740,687 656,989 622,420
Woods, Forest and Timber..... ....... .. - - - - - -
Game and Fisheries. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .. .. - 17 - 3,307 2,291 1,420
Administration of Justice, Legal Admin-
istration and Inquiry............. ..... 113,511 120,346 117,869 337,873 523,039 887,689
Education.. '" .... ... '" ....... ........ - - - 51 , 626 59,701 79,658
Charities, Hospitals and Corrections.... . 6,557 8,007 7,130 153,898 242,846 406,552
Refunds, Repayments....... _ _. . .... 1,747 41 42 675 312 1,100
Subventions, Grants and Donations.... . . 671 2,069 1,579 - - -
Public "Ctilities.. ............ - - - - - 419,051
Interest...... " _ . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . _ . _ . . . - - - 158,010 166,369 158,333
Miscellaneous.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 468 500 3,757 5,901 5,875
Total Ordinary Receipts... ..... " ... . 49fi,053 ';14,414 501,915 2,118,620 2,332,1;34 3,280,313

Rec{:ipt::;

Dominion Government Subsidies. . . ... . .
Agricul ture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lands. . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mines and Mining. . .. - . . .. -.
\roods, Forest and Timber.......
Game and Fisheries.... .., . . . . . - . . . . . . . .
Administration of Justice, Legal Admin-
istration and Inquiry....... .. .. . . '" . .
Education. . . . . . . . . . _ ..... _ _.... _ ....
Charities, Hospitals and Corrections. .. .
Hefunds, Repayments...... .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Subventions, Grants and Donations.. . . .
Public Utilities.. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Interest. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . . _ . . .
Miscellaneous. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total Ordinary Receipts. .. '" .. .

1917.

l\Iani toba.

1918.

1919.

1917.

Saskatchewan.

1918.

1919.

$ $ $ $ $ $
1,643,6421,731,3011,859,0341,983,7212,207,6962,307,148
2,433 5,821 7,630 18,179 15,548 23,378
162,330 106,858 106,838 - -
- - - - - 40

27,154
1',537,773
148,408
152,146
3,528

25,151
1,633,571
139,037
159,924
629

36,933
2,247,767
229,211
185,262
7,763

1,816,272 1,990,865 2,258,509
700,102 783,312 822,163
99,198 86,544 852,254

24,148
2,139,647
37,238
51 , 286
814,222

141 , 598
459,168
57,508

19,777 23,604
3,844,641 4,539,777
47,058 43,967
94,989 -
538,680 444,667

179,320
407,471
70,187

436,641
507,063
407,476

6,
92,98G 6,123,013 8,613,364 5,126,115 1,42,'),361 8,133,161

2
.-CIassifi{'d Summary Statement of Ordinary Expenditure of

Service.

Civil Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legislation....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricul ture. . . . - . . . - ., -... - . . . . . - . . . . . .
Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mines and.Mining.. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .
Forest, Timber and Woods..... .. .......
Game and Fisheries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ .
Administration of Justice, Special Legal
Administration and Inquiry.. . . .. . . . . .
Conservation of Health and Sanitation. .
Public Buildings, Public Works and
Enterprises.......................... .
Education....... ..................... _.
Charities, Hospitals and Corrections....
Pensions, Gratuities and Reliefs...... . _.
Recreation and Amusements. .. . . . . . . . . .
Liquor Traffic. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colonization, Immigration and Publicity
Refunds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interest Pa.yments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . _
Sinking Funds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total Ordinary Expenditure. .. . . .

Prince Edward Island.

1917.
$
24,814
18,822
12,660

30,262
1,610
69,007
176,952
95,768
700

2,475

4
46,799
7,240
'81,113

1918.

$
25,362
17,999
16,928

26,799
2,382
66,612
170,913
97,030
700

2,777

70
49,680
7,164
'84,416

1919.
$
29,988
24,460
26,066

29,015
4,304
159,561
183,344
126,770
700

6,155
400
50,801
. 13,845

1917.
$
126,796
97,082
36,960
115
40,472
2,550
1,500
25,670

403,665
527,272
368,765
9,076
3,921
4,273
10,339
13,151
540,139
77,852
54,411

Nova Scotia.

1918.
$
142,019
88,618
42,641
64
21,271
2,600
1,500
28,333

460,772
522,941
519,717
7,974
4,963
4,242
10,778
15,056
560,987
77,448
61 , 873

1919.
$
168,773
104,900
58,461
94
23,418
2,600
1,500
32,410

871,717
531,104
689,691
8,350
6,280
5,569
12,587
12,224
599,211
76,826
74,567

655,409
,344,OO9 2,513,191 3,288,282

PRO\ I^CI.1L PUBIAC lCCOUXTS

509

Q b

}Þrminrial GO\'crl1ments for their reSI)edhe fiscal )cars 1911, 191
. 1919.

('W Brunsv.ick. uc ec. Ontario.
19:7. I 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. I 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919
S S S S S S S S
637.9,6 1 637,976 637,976 2,027, !)('Il t) 0'>8 Ol)
2,028,069 2,469,931 2,469,977 2,470

, - , -I
2,154 196 - 35,522 23,SMI 34,647 25,793 44,827 61
33b 3'23 51 17b.RSO 191,8h9 4
,571 134,613 H3,366 127
27, 94 i I 46,767 36,b09 30,740 128, bli4 278,309 I, 694, 4ti5 1,054,066 762
442,8!12 591,872 6S.'), 276 1,574.353 1.418. 191 1 2,024.,545 1,703,425 1,776,377 1,837
69,547 53,027 76,162 151 ,40.3 20 fl ,313 236,797 215. 810 1 4S0,009 6S0
277,351 605,730 566,712 5,743,305 8,942,172 6,336,301 9,521,616 9,M9,b8S 11 ,09:>
2.1,674 23,302 21,7:>3 - 273. 712 1 - 149, 5 tiS , 149,176 l!12
.32 , 733 62, 359 72, 194 183,042 664,891 536,40
8ti3, 2iO S76
594 742 723 94,154 92,671 109,937 104,710 63,411 52
2,2
1 - 1,301 - - 13,413 14,741" 26
- 112,558 21 , 380 l
tj,21J 224, 79i , 220,327 1,435,091 1,717,Rj6 2,051
6,711 8,064 6.
1 11..,71 1
.2'(1 141,249 136,018 109,774 289
26,622 215,053 55,462 110,841 93,539 105,709 128,735 4bl,377 W7
1.5'n.
lal 2.3..7.' 19
.l'
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(i!t,oJ 96 19,270,t'.!
, !1I,G9

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.:W3
.4!13
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,979
,713
,510
, t)!17
,209
,737
,703
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,208

'!,16i

.\lbertn. TIriti!-h Columbia.
1917. 1918 1 ('119 1917. 191b. 1919.
S S S S
S
1, 91.5,527 1,999,772 2,207,646 723. 13.i 64
, I 33 6:?:J,135
104,946 158,129 14;;, 803 30,041 50, '129 .')1,060
- - - 298,373 477,219 2:!7,b74
8,963 137,527 213,082 tì31 , 927 643,622 620,522
- - - I, !UiS, 7h7 2,079,6111 2,.")ð:! , 54Y
2.),306 28,757 35,803 104,97; 106,5;'4 1 119,590
2 , 396 , f\
-1 3,2'-1,990 4,443,f)
3 2,608,363 4. 34R,4;'3 5, ,96,5]8
32,&-" 31,061 57,602 1,72.') 3,105 4,044
35,124 6,638 6,72
42,70!1 60,491 74,614
371,145 439.7H3 6.\;).016 35,90ö l1,O:!5 25,211
4,605 4.132 653 - - 3,OS3
1,193,756 1 , 3S0,
!I!) 1,638,21ì3 51,104 63,934 36,621
1'\0,006 166,878 118,937 IS2,629 250.4]3 45-1,870
57,057 58,776 321,909 147,106 139,354 281,7b8
,.
S.O\); '" G,'" 3--' ',SiS,n.) G.' .....-1 f,.bð
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10,9:U,
i9
I, ".0>>..., .1 I

1917. I

12,410,772 ,
231,14h
79,j,4
2
3,134.i2Ii
5,6b9,457
ti21,654

24, ni6, 123
447,127
1,2HI,803
1,426,683
20,970
4,ð:.!4,032
1,941,415
631,301
58,1.';0.691

Totals.
1918.

12,'131,734
324,338
9.56,450
2, tifìï,
35
5,8tì6,05]
924,896

33,252,830
4,j2,440
1,7i2,296
1 , 14 7 , 304
20,949
5,670,229
2,071,557
1,151,199
69,OI0,lU I

1919.
S
13,141,921
345,723
9'"JO, 301
2,533,ti75
7, 129,f42
1,211,288
36,032,029
6:!8,745
2, 2!13, 91i8
1,326,6ü8
33,3;'3
7,O
2,1H5
2,528,706
2,198,181

n,476,ti9J

PrO\lndal (
O\ern.mcnts for their respedhc fiscal) ears 1917, 1918, 1919.

K ev. Bruns
jck. QuehC<' . Ontario.
1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. I 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
$ S S S s i s s s S
79,400 99,4.W 123,173 6,')0,230 693,377 719,677 939,259 1,066,950 1,261,3R2
68,236 .19,650 59,536 495,843 482,469 666,795 336,435 359,885 412,136
76,20! 251, 0
!1 84,4
2 451,744 645,'274 602,800 487,330 611,525 687,6R5
3,56ð 6,Ofìb 6,20.1 220,776 260,526 266,756 70,159 69,593 72,397
ïI7 920 3,759 16,500 16,500 16,500 86,116 134,236 123,269
27, 64b 35,068 M,432 ]54,395 171,909 181,761 670,119 770,198 867,192
36,427 38,423 47,669 59,305 65,235 86,255 128,199 399,307 477,004
44,059 40,216 59,531 1,451,439 1,578,850 1,577,8]4 694,784 746,654 741,812
412 5,731 - 34,9541 69,313 53,336 62,579 83,702 105,543
527,225 544,871 821,741 1,524,89ð 2,127,506 2,303,996 6,898,740 8,216,687 9,342,350
319,906 329,564 326,275 1,637,317 1,668,425 1,666,470 2,886,409 3,170,625 3,746,868
179,550 214,143 194,678 923,619 1,281,001 1,337,395 2,608,394 2,843,256 3,476,465
5,883 17,561 10,110 106,527 184,318 83,680 16,400 6,175 12,475
1,300 4,626 10,346 8,120 221,190 264,256 21,252 50,560 79,772
20,794 27,283 35,151 - - - 193,226 21i ,000 242,071
13,496 8,356 8,613 55,540 52.850 74,586 46,407 41,745 67,661
1,:>92 905 2,607 7,888 10,064 10,063 74,018 55,878 58,331
ö86,714 644,438 628,892 1 , 630, !J26 1,656,539 1,668,563 - - -
33,231 31,336 31.3351157.711 167,057 178,211 - - -
40,537 39,364 57,402 319,940 319,427 612,167 48,741 55,223 206, 172
2.166,9o,s 2,391 ,O6
2,595,937 9,90ì ,672 11,6;1,830 12,371,131 16,268,567 18,899,199 21.,980,586

570

FINANCE

22.-Classified Summary Statement of Ordinary Expenditure of

Service.

Civil Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LegIslation. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricul ture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Mines and Mining.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forest, Timber and Woods..... .. . . . . . . .
Game and FisherIes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administration of Justice, Special I.egal
Admimstration and Inquiry.... .. .. ..
Conservation of Health and Sanitation..
Public Buildings, Public Works and
Enterprises.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charities, Hospitals and Corrections.... .
Pensions, Gratuities and Reliefs.... . . . . .
Recreation and Amusement. . .. . . . . . . . . .
'Liquor Traffic. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colonization, Immigration and Publicity
Refunds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Interest Payments. . . . . . . . . . . . . ',' . . . . . . .
Sinking Funds. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1917.

S
274,778
251,412
72,880

28,689
499,915
35,000
2,131,745
1,213,128
560,373
73,052
13,015
50,228
68,408
1,997
1,453,843

Manitoba.

1918.

S
328,119
160,026
87,924
10 ,835

25,684
465,176

2,351,933
1,301,124
605,732
112,715
21,129
42,259

1919.

S
395,343
149,031
134,166
12,092

24,039
612,786
10,000
2,761,473
1,459,710
707,253
226,732
20,956
55,845

1917.

S
4i4,004
149,901
159,642
42,877

9,501
1,019,806

855,304
986,798
383,322
7,400
3,620

51,443 37,101 -
2,719 10,891 12,292
1,686,325 1,771,457 1,067,780
- - 74,361

Saskatchewan.

1918.

I
534,145
344,443
131,876
1,903

10,582
988,649
24,416
1,157,980
1,052,944
615,751
30,353
6,627
8,369

1919.

S
711,679
203,975
119,878
31,565

11 , 304
916,183
13,666
1,147,221
1,192,697
649,285
74,258
6,047

1,529 3,022
1,096,466 1,222,177
75,079 192,071

Miscellaneous Payments................. 131,892 54,584 109,067 337,357 747,484 1,630,175

Total Ordinary Expenditure. ..... 6,81)U,.355 7,307,727 8,497,9"2 5,553,985 6,828,ã96 8,125,203

l\IUNICIPAL STATISTICS

The urban population of Canada, as has been shown in the
Population section of the Year Book, has increased at an extremely
rapid rate during the past generation. The aggregation of the people
into cities has necessarily increased the difficulties and the complexity
of community life. Problems of water supply, police and fire pro-
tection, sanitation and sewerage, transportation, education, public
health and recreation, have at enormous expense been faced and
solved. Necessarily there has been a great increase in municipal
taxation, and municipal finance has become an essential part of the
public finance of Canada.
l\lunicipal financial statistics have recently been published by
the Dominion Bureau of Statistics (Finance Branch) for 53 cities and
towns l}aving a population of 10,000 and over, while financial statis-

PROVIf.,"CIAL PUBLIC ACCUUNTS

571

PrO\lnrial GO\ernments for tlu'ir rrspecthe fiscal years 1917-19-concluded.

Alberta. British Columbia. Totals.
1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1917. 1918. 1919.
I I I S S I S S I
589,724 611,423 722,933 1,027,577 032,41b 1,497,939 4,156,582 4,433,263 5,630,887
341,071 171,460 175,494 277,528 179,958 181,317 2,036,330 1 , 8t)4 , 508 1,977,644
628,404 798,825 1,096,427 132,3b8 138,620 99,851 2,058,197 2,724,702 2,909,816
5,916 40,859 71 , SOU 84,185 fiü , ;,,j 2 160,158 42ì,5VIJ 456,400 620,767
33,804 49,009 41,781 62,491 143,491 136,755 240,100 365,427 345,482
- - - 102,464 188,620 143,791 tl57, 176 1,168,395 1,279,776
29,707 24,745 26,785 81,616 ö4,771 26,995 374,944 630,247 701,551
&\0,919 879,050 1,010,693 667,237 519,086 579,912 5,314,091 5,272,813 5,560,1,j6
14.866 63,848 125,760 21 , 872 20,808 82, 666 171,293 270,200 395,325
1,673,410 1,513,256 2,037,326 2,677,080 1,562,588 1,835,320 IG,761,074 18,002,205 21,280,705
1,191,979 1,209,629 1,439,847 1, 640,886 1, 716,840 1,995,309 10,5b0,647 11,143,005 12,541,624
24
1,6mt 399, 5.;3 4b2,42,j 909,598 866,351 1,199,891 6,278,9!18 7,442,534 8,843,853
5,000 2,150 400 53, 186 94,712 65,800 277,224 456,658 482,505
- - - 7.975 12,004 18,753 59,203 321,099 406,410
- - 8,891 - 58,101 59,927 270,996 360,031 413,609
16,300 16,2& 5,660 40,462 68,770 76,580 251,048 250,230 282,788
8,3b5 7,531 2,411 i,2\12 29,731 5,935 126,599 123,483 105,884
913,401 1,417,2YU 1,516,&i2 830,423 946,728 1,175,502 7,170,025 8,058,4G2 8,6:f3,445
97, 500 152,976 157,501 452,423 7S0, 149 - 893,078 1,284,045 635,944
72,433 945,907 623,073 455,077 632,971 545,344 1,467,628 2,863,997 3,871,812
','75
,
8,303,bu'" ',.i2.}, '7-1t ',S3I,ìjO 9,023,.. 9 1 9 l,ìLi 69,ð'72,829 57,4.91,704 76,91',983
I I I

tic
for smaller urban lnunicipalities are in process of preparation.
The importance of the statistics already collected nlay be indicated
by quoting a fe\v figures fronl the follo\ving tables. 1'able 23 sho\vs
that the <.lggregate asses
ed value of taxable property for the 53
cities supplying statistics 'wa
in 1019,
2,924,553,003, and of exempted
property "'649,016,611. The ordinary receipts (Table 24) of the 53
cities amounted in 1919 to . 136,515,ð64, (four years earlier the
receipts of the Dominion Government on Consolidated Fund Account
had been only 133,073,482), and the total ordinary and extra-
ordinary receipts to ::;188,
04,116. Ordinary expenditures as sho,vn
by Table 25, amounted in the aggregate to SI2
,275,290, ,,'hile total
expenditures ,,'ere ::Þ182,929,182. Fill ally, the total available assets
(assets ,vhich could at need be converted into cash) of the 53 cities
were
451,9G6,273, (Table 26) and their total liabilities (Table 27)
attained the very considerable figure of $603,039,036.

572

FINANCE

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574

FINANCE

2f.-Recelpts, ordinary and extraordinary, of cities of 10,000 population and over for
the flsral year 1919.

Name of City or Town.

Com-
pulsory
Taxation.

$

1 Montreal, Que............. 13,380,650
2 Toronto, Ont.............. 20,032,033
3 Winnipeg, Man....... ., .... 7,774,517
4 Vancouver, B.C........... 3,811,728
5 Quebec. Que........ _.' . 1,346,250
6 Hamilton, Ont. . . . . . . .. . . .. 2,971, 558
7 Ottawa, Ont............... 3.219,845
8 Calgary, Alta.......... _... 3,395,524
9 Edmonton, Alta.... . ., . ... 3,626,925
10 Halifax, N.S............... 856,825
11 St. John, N.B............. 965,611
12 London, Ont... . . . . . . ... . . . 948,260
13 Victoria, B.C........ .. 1,311,067
14 Regina, Sask....... ....... 2,224,552
15 Brantford: Onto . ., . . . . . .. . 563,615
16 Windsor, Ont.............. 842,142
17 Verdun, Que...... . . .. . . .. . 240,697
18 Hull, Que............... _ 176,476
19 Saskatoon; Sask.... . . . . . . . 935,278
20 Sydney, N.S.............. 369,214
21 Three Rivers, Que........ . 257,158
22 Kingston, Ont............. 420,325
23 MOQsejaw...... ... . . . . . . . . . 583,727
24 Sherbrooke, Que........ . . . 346,791
25 Peterborough, Ont.. . . . .. . . 487,795
26 Sault Ste. Marie, Onto ..... 502,872
27 Kitchener, Ont... . . .... . . . 383,111
28 Fort William, Ont... . . . . . 947.730
29 St. Catharine
, Ont. . . . .. . .
30 St. Thomas, Onto . . . . .
31 Westmount, Que..... . _
32 Moncton, N.B.... . .
33 Stratford, Ont..... .
34 Guelph, Ont... . _ _ . .
35 Lachine, Que.. .. _ . . _ . ...
36 New Westminster, B.C....
37 Port Arthur, Onto ....
38 Sarnia, Ont.........
39 Brandon, Man... .
40 Niagara Falls, Ont... . .....
41 Outremont, Que.. . .
42 Galt, Ont......... . . . . . .
43 Belleville, Ont..... .. . . . . . .
44 St. Boniface, Man. . . . .
45 Charlottetown, P.E.I......
46 Lethbridge, Alta.. ... .
47 New Glasgow, N.S. .....
48 Owen Sound, Ont.... .....
49 Amherst, N.S.... _.
50 Medicine Hat, Alta.. .
51 St. Hyacinthe, Que..... .. .
52 Woodstock, Onto
53 Levis, Que.........

363,772
738,075
424,069
445,395
283,657
262,798
515,707
612,440
349,650
662,812
306,720
2g7,532
329,407
333,661
712,580
118,000
390,928
95,101
373,828
131,870
494,898
90,574
131,726
59,492

Licenses.

$

Fees for
Permits.
Privileges
or
Fran-
chises.

531,415 48,102
121,086 1,818,887
111,430 109,721
198,972 108,263
69,224
24,244 142,725
33,312 16,453
45,183 18,231
46,024 1,243
30,000 I
22,363
17,057
47,979
17,477
4,542
4,957
17,445
7,182
64,009
2,050
20,457
6,427
68,326
39,320
4,794
6,654
3,038
7,336
7,449
2,046
9,735
3,490
2,971
4,235
8,894
8,516
4,472
3,338
7,273
3,265
4,283
2,486
4,461
3,860
17,480
6,376
1,717
2,142
555
6,570
10,608
2,133
8,834

27, 715
2,258
788
1,651
3,861
253

Totals.... .. . .. . . .. 81,4=16,968 1,700,492 1 2,323,871

Ordinary Receipts.

s

Sales,
Fines, Rentals
Forfeits and Puhlic
and Leases of Services.
Escheats. Buildings
or Lands.
S $ S
275,224 88,617 2,253,682
326,829 289,235 3,671,299
30,000 800 5,000
130,093 14,295 439,565
11,778 - 490,405
65,291 10,297 447,325
40,097 5,922 703,710
9,611 11 ,444 2,174,911
7,646 9,884 2,187,166
6,500 3 - -
6,122 18,876 444,899
24,467 8,624 267,104
14,842 2,970 235,992
6,661 75,197 921,143
8,552 760 390,150
17,370 1,400 3,411
3,644 - 143,987
5,609 - 83,749
3,852 . 4,186 812,231
30,000 - 63,710
3,663 8,015 112,671
6,638 5,928 731
3,732 2,033 413,068
2,688 382 475,035
4,625 245 195,007
34,419 116 204,472
6,841 - 4,332
33,805 - 499,867
5,768 399 232,939
3,981 3,816 338,194
1,948 1,176 173,438
6,082 - 80,052
1,769 2,260 593
4,745 - 1,538
2,064 - 98,642
8,272 36,236 185,509
16,477 2,326 274
2,263 1,072 183,427
276 1,676 124,911
16,431 750 135,277
553 2,120 -
1,683 300 154,111
2,715 1,042 83,942
400 4,300 20,272
1,500 - 5,238
3,034 570 355,310
9,536 - 37,822
1,796 1,058 135,333
424 1,867 27,929
765 - 277,670
960 - 71,256
2,327 - 101,325
367 3,219 53,624
1,216,735 6
3,413120,523,24.7

Educa-
tion.

$

3.808,198
225,215
783, 102
884,219
105,874
28,228
532,855
94,086
415,839
183,283
299,670

491,727
122,589
15,525
212,268
137,001
205,087
130,455
168,559
5,855
99,918
102,155
39,450
115,658
84,374
138,911
53,184
74,145
18,368

120,006
40,406
97,788
35,851

67,543

9,937,392

1 Including Exchange. 2 Inc. Bank Overdraft. 3 Included in Licen!'es. 4 Including Hypotheca-
tion of Debentures. sIne. Loans transferred, Victory Relief Act. and Capital Sum commuted. 8 Inc.
Proceeds and Notes for Waterworks. 7 Premium. B Bills payable. "Accrued Interest and Pre-
mium on Debenture. 10 Including Premium on Debentures Sold. 11 Sale of T
mrorary JnveE-tments
in Govt. Securities. 12 Temporary loans.

2,744
2,250
216

735
309

1,642

500

1,785

785

426
1,237
325
826

162
577
1,140

453
75
70
649
83

222
6,32ì
149
33

RECEIPTS 575
2.j.-R('('('lpts, ordinary and extraordinary, of cUlt's or 10 000 population and ov('r for
the fiscal )'('ar 1919.
Extraordinary Receipts.
Grand
Total
Other Ordinary
Total and
I\on- :Mi!'!cel- Total DC'benturcs Extra- Ext ra- Extra-
revenue laneous Ordinary or BonÙ8. Interf'8t. ordinary ordinary ordinary
Receipts. Receipts. Receipts. llcceipts. Receipts. Receipts.
S S $ S S S S S
3,766,854 273,709 20,618,253 33,208,158 291,147 264,339 33,763,644 54,381,897 1
7,845,617 520,4
6 38,433,670 3,2Ub,411 I 169,4
U 3,467,840 41,901,510 2
120,310 8,151,778 8,151,778 3
31,705 4, !),i!} , 836 4,959,836 4
1,908,657 2,888,081 2,88>-,,081 4,796,738 5
44,'),326 167,961 5,057,82tl 902, 143 127,733 I 1,244,448 2,274,324 7,332,153 6
&31,311 180,323 5,771,192 833, 794 )6,680 850,474 6,621,666 7
56,337 5,711,241 - - 5,711,241 8
1l.'-',OI0 6,102,772 1,372,135 11 , 598 1,383,733 7,486,505 9
921,554 - 921, ,')53 10
107,1M 46,P94 1, 639, 764 617,000 617,000 2,256,764 11
569,759 223.808 2,591,934 539,473 32,602 c 757,455 3,349,419 J2
64,655 65,433 1,839,282 9,772 I 187,828 197,600 2,036,882 13
402, 962 18ß,244 4.
jO,btJ3 77 , 2tìb 11,919 13,2!H 102,476 4,353,339 14
63,166 45,420 1,2ül,139 846,2M - 70,4!13 916,748 2,177,887 J5
19,712 1,1!IZ,523 293,712 1,364 295,076 1.487,599 16
16,922 17,384 440, 332 249,500 6,1b8 255,6R1'i 696,020 17
7,910 3,274. 2S4,200 38,832 1,595 . 51,250 91 , 677 375,877 J8
60,182 111,557 2,4
, 7M 343,815 3,041 346,85ti 2,832,622 19
3,79J 41.822 635,426 635,4.2620
68.4fiì 470,647 42 J ,000 115,026 536,026 1,006,673 9.1
12,099 467,673 112,000 112,000 579,G7322
65,888 1,349,777 - 1,349,777 23
72,634 - 937,159 216,000 216,000 1,153,159 24
2M,232 2,340 1,113,039 31,508 48 'I 1,232 32,7
1, 145,
27 25
26,420 1.410 9ö3, 092 23.5,066 1,293 25,982 262,341 1,245,433 26
450 528,227 2,546 103 2,649 530,b7627
40,522 12.5,2'?3 1,6.54,983 1,142,807 58,642 1,201,529 2,856,5J228
10,179 42.1,293 - 42.j,293 29
4,540 1,998 72-1, 202 73,000 . 265,000 338,000 1. 062,202 30
77,033 15, ;i5 1,018,965 1,018,965 31
613,611 613,611 32
826,28ï 1,280,060 32,500 1,538 9,845 43,883 1,323,943 33
39ô,330 396,330 34
14,361 387,18.; - 12 148,739 148, 739 535,924 35
10,652 2,617 808,1!'7 2,743 2,743 810,94036
673, 5,43S 758,082 - 758,083 37
5,530 1,107 631.589 196,900 12,807 59,635 269,342 900,929 38
10,933 4,466 9.5 1 , 256 6,366 6,366 957,622 39
18,448 534,237 67,862 10 1,756 69,618 603,855 40
45,444 340,519 - 11 196,030 196,030 536,539 41
563,272 - 563,272 42
330,512 774,701 150,817 7,04d 1,075 158,940 933,641 43
3,105 744,970 - 744,970 44
15,401 157,6!:14 126,000 4,100 130,100 287,794 45
710 877 ,OM - 877,004 46
13,593 198,824 40,921 9,675 50,596 249,420 47
246,883 4,759 863,6ïO 3,000 3,000 866,670 48
35,351 10,259 244,105 17 ,500 11 , 177 28,677 272,782 49
16,939 797,064 - - 797,064 50
7,845 187,570 158,380 158,380 345,950 51
25,928 14,323 34.5,454 66,034 16,969 83,003 428,457 52
3,845 129,414 28,800 28, 800 158,214 53
--
16,120,671
.G.'l:J.Oi 51 136,.-)15. "6t (S,Gn' '\6') ti93,Oi'l 2,1'\00,901 ã2,
I'J'\, ,?;;2 ItoJ1'\,8Dl,116
I I

576

FLVA!{CE

25.-Expenditure, ordinar)T and extraordinary, of cities of 10,000 population and over
for the fiscal year 1919.

Name of C

1 'Montreal, Q
2 Toronto, 0
3 Winnipeg, M
4 Vancouver
5 Quebec, Qu
6 Hamilton,
7 Ottawa, On
8 Calgary, A
9 Edmonton
10 Halifax, N
11 St. John, N
12 London, On
13 Victoria. B
14 Regina, Sas
15 Brantford,
16 Windsor, 0
17 Verdun, Qu
18 Hull, Que.
19 Saskatoon,
20 Sydney, N
21 Three Riv
22 Kingston, 0
23
roosejaw,
24 Sherbrook
25 Peterborou
26 Sault Ste.

27 Kitchener,
28 Fort Willia
29 St. Cathar
30 St. Thoma
31 \Yestmount
32
Ioncton, N
33 Stratford,
34 Guelph, On
35 Lachine, Q
36 New Westm
37 Port Arthu
38 Sarnia, On
39 Brandon,

40 Niagara Fa
41 Outremont
42 Galt, Onto
43 Belleville,
44 St. Bonifac
45 Charlottet
46 Lethbridge
47 New Glasg
48 Owen Roun
49 Amherst,
50
Iedicine H
51 St. Hyacin
52 W oodstoc k
53 Levis, Que

Ordinary Expenditure.
General Health Charities Police Fire
ity or Town. Govern- Education. and and Depart- Depart-
ment. Sanitation. Corrections. mente ment.
S $ $ $ $ S
ue. ........... 2,214,158 4,023,691 1,123,333 779,340 1,371,531 1,074,943
nt....... _.. _ _. 1,656,802 4,560,696 2,281,545 973,613 1,175,000 1,585,451
an........... . 311,113 1,583,981 489,164 598,696 709,592 485,959
.............. . 235,313 1.260,246 302,783 276,370 389, 178 345,783
e.......... _. _. 96,523 20,000 42,482 - 140,351 288,287
Ont... . . . . . . . . 349,767 1,483,549 359,389 749,076 212,688 202,521
t.. _.......... 677,959 919,264 437,210 259,895 151,051 209,788
Ita........... . . 364,481 816,828 199,507 284,490 106,919 212,253
,Alta......... . 343,404 1,025,320 142,205 206,980 133,101 143,670
.S...._ 42,620 401,877 115,658 103,054 116,750 158,758
.B...........: 65,129 269,541 32,000 129.079 82,060 95,778
t... _......... 143,673 604,679 223,353 249,549 82,909 115,355
.C............ 59,689 359,143 172.060 14,428 95, 105 138,577
k. ............ 246,145 445,244 123,235 233,920 70,812 69,993
Ont... 32,304 183,283 78,377 101,021 35,493 62,746
nt............ . 147,773 299,833 87,613 17,304 57,186 53,333
e.......... .... 43,622 - 49,085 18,151 24,469 24,469
.............. . 30,528 - 10,108 9,372 14,958 34,125
Sask......... . 100,349 503,404 102, 204 101,965 40,424 109,435
.S..... 23,000 113,681 65,163 5,000 25,050 15,500
ers, Que. . . . . . . 21,820 - 62,797 2,423
{),501 28,844
nt........... . 66,989 131,659 43,469 29.477 16,532 24,862
Sask.. 56,845 398,955 72,084 51 , 020 32,589 93,822
e, Que......... 27,792 1,730 94,074 18,458 17,385 36,018
gh, Onto . . . . . . 138,348 144,675 47,676 23,943 18,655 35,069
Iarie, Ont.. . . . 75,937 193,337 84,479 17, 848 35,804 49,183
Ont........... 19,893 167,608 48,040 1,926 11, 154 23, 138
m,Ont.... . 87, 713 4.15, 866 151,300 47,458 28,267 45,504
ine!', Ont... .. . . - 196,137 39,330 - 13,825 30,682
s. Ont..... 42,984 111,314 24,528 17,625 13, ilO 16,776
, Que.......... 88,425 3,542 85,960 1,700 72,658 2 -
.B............ 6,357 86,796 - 4,762 20,066 31,428
Ont........___ _ 43,311 100,101 40,270 5,122 14,704 58,058
t. ............. 12,639 106,871 21,682 23,127 13,624 35,586
ue....... _.... 55,166 - 68,886 7,368 20,425 16,703
inster, B.C... 57,617 130,874 17.647 ]2.578 22,913 43,064
r, Ont......... 54,712 100,996 35,512 19,909 24,241 50,552
t............ _ __ 17,809 93,000 87,500 12,392 11 , 038 19,194
Ian........... . 33,370 3 273,311 36,473 14,519 17, 392 44,763
lIs, Ont. .. . .. . 15,153 85,390 16,081 7,206 17,:197 25,720
,.Que.......... 37,802 - 53,391 1,264 31,083 2 -
Ö
t::: _......: 41,217 78,405_ 41,240 7,411 6,163 8,840
76,392 93,231 60,405 2,668 9,941 15,306
e,)Ian........ 36,419 - 13,006 10,638 13,291 28,631
own, P.E.I..... 3,202 27,606 16,079 450 9,489 5,971
, Alta.... _ . . . . 100,463 120,927 21 , 530 15,806 19,032 34,488
ow, N.S....... 3,739 40,406 15,057 3,826 7,251 9,960
d. Ont. ....... 340,285 111 , 908 10,724 6,046 8,480 13,854
N.S............ 12,924 35,851 3,023 6,430 4,023 6,408
at, _'Uta....... 141,613 191,685 29,169 10,4-97 14,403 17,782
the, Que....... 6,617 222 ],5,507 4,521 5,352 6,226
,Ont..... HI, 366 74,216 22,474 14,640 4,450 17,982
..... -......... 7,427 - 2,100 4,970 5,327 5,327
tals... .. . 8,93..t,69ð 22,430,819 7 ,81ì ,967 5,
19,331 5,615, 19
6,306,465

To

1 Including Provo Govt. Levy of 1536,500. 2 Included in Po]ice Department. 3 Including Sinking
Fund Payments. 4 Including Dif'count. 6 Including Provo War Tax and Patriotic purpof'es. 6 In-
cluding Debenture Interest. 7 Debt charges exclm:ive of rtilities. 8 Including Local Imp. Debt
Charges and Tax DiFcounts. II Including increa."f'd pay to Soldiers' Patriotic Fund, J{ed CrOFf' and N8:vy
League. 10 Including Interest Coupons paid-General, $476,644: I.ocal Imp., $81,557. 11 Includmg
Street Lightin

F_YPE..VDITURE OF CITIES 577

.J. - }.tp('Iulii Uft', ordlnar) and t'ttraortllnar), of t.ltit's of 10,000 popul:.hon and over
for the fiscal )"l'ar 1919 --eontinued.
Ordinary Expenditure.

[uni- Other
cipally
trl'<'Y Judgments 'Iiscel- Total
owned and Total Sinking Interest. and cost of laneous Ordinary
Public Side\\:.I.l ks. Hccrcations Funds. Litigation. Expendi- Expendi-
f'ervices. tures. tures.
S $ $ $ $ $ I S
1,154,951 1,30,i,GOl 28,276 1, 8S4, 834 6,9
9,296 137,493 44 I ,024 22,5213..71 1
3,b28,155 2,5;4.2;7 798,244 .,066,152 .,716.517 47,520 3, 972, 38S 32,236,460 2
136,075 111.000 145,012 157,1;1 4:3b,090 - 11,298,993 6,464,846 3
Ih2, 9
( 365,3ô-1 100.124 M5,727 1,6:?
.921 174.570 6,077,359 4
IMJ,I;4 172,2SI) 14,105 75,152 649,161 210,709 1,898,232 5
65:3,32S 361, 60S; 59,209 511 , 244 26,036 - 10 636,847 5,605,341 6
595,390 513.300 23.OJS 127,100 745,341 4, 6.')9, 336 7
2,171,651 90,265 76,509 445,516 8J2.5h7 59,071 5,660,437 8
2,023,916 ,jl,4
O
5,272 1,032,132 153,451 5,740,931 9
69,453 8, 73.) 24,261 151,442 1,192.608 10
424,903 11 1!15, 968 14. ;5.i 101,2b6 2:!ß, .')21 213,426 1, 8.iO, 441) 11
59,107 226,138 34,509 682,209 42.J,600 5,689 31,811 2,8S2,5S1 12
105,237 80,241 58.792 600,618 10,880 273,359 1,96g,129 13
1,302,916 51,5.')'> 24,216 564,030 512,379 16,7U9 751 3,661, ryJ5 14
259,548 82,102 13,492 64,13J 111,855 2,832 192,799 1,219,985 15
:!.).i,533 2
t; , 358 21,212 9,341 179.057 1,420,5H 16

,7h9 70,935 3,972 34,058 154,9JO 2,500 92,672 607,6.')2 17
36,047 5 , &36 1,734 36,441 . 114,039 5,630 1,715 300,53'> 18
5b7,0
2 61,976 19,572 137,704 441, S62 9,419 95,903 2,291,299 19
16,697 23,662 1,700 26,555 h9,2ti8 405,276 20
127,900 10,610 3,.iSl 5O,79h 216,873 54ß,147 21
1,279 37,355 4,.')69 12,538 39
,729 22
442,076 27,130 22,00.) 124,11'-1 1!1:?,856 12,071 1,52.'),634 23
2M,701 Ib3,901 3,365 24,00
;,0,193 8,980 750.605 24
376,092 30,121 1,171 77,040 114,0"9 943 546 1,008,368 25
272,892 78,565 9,523 74,549 114,521 489 19,901 1,027.028 26
1,100 11,461 6,202 2,033 1,252 13,878 307.855 27
3.i9,664 14,067 27Y,OOO 338,832 I 121,355 1,929,026 28
170,272 168,781 5,977 62,).004 29
363,552 13:3,7b:3 15,
51 5,296 13,055 7,466 765,940 30
133,600 29,877 27, 49
73,414 175,951 1,297 105,674 799,596 31
76,113 88,411 4,018 12,925 45,763 - 376,639 32
43,M7 4,643 127,626 49,910 278 6,500 494,:J70 33
10,112 223.641 34
68,121 1.954 33,400 132,170 4,417 408,700 35
70,684 65,894 7,352 .5,98
240,032 1, 080 19,712 735,429 36
18,245 19,453 14,041 . 305,042 9,OJ-I 74,575 726,312 37
141,532 11 220,100 4,.')00 123 69,S!! 8,706 G8.'í,n.) 38
181,877 22,304 2,661 66,206 136,957 544 21,010 851,387 39
55,283 43,775 2, :?t15 - 7,545 275,845 40
11 29, 114 4,626 33,956 163,626 197 354,720 41
193,638 15,656 5,000 43,201 81,637 522,408 42
75,540 27,238 2,897 149,722 56,653 209,950 779,943 43
31,786 15,595 487 115,678 254,091 1,999 218,493 740,114 44
20,579 15,401 2,560 10,000 20,000 1,500 132,837 45
337,163 27,036 18,834 18,668 72,393 . 56,436 882,776 46
4O,8CO 10,669 8,331 16,118 1,102 40,993 198,252 47
165,258 107,067 5,211 57,629 826,462 48
15,361 7,592 28,426 46,264 33,322 199,624 49
96,879 10,240 10,4
9 188,825 77,546 789,068 50
70,116 8,462 1,477 1,350 37,56-1 64,399 221,813 51
73,244 23,327 6,.')43 36,748 48,536 1,146 5,351 348,023 52
71, 769 18,413 1
7 741 18,097 137 10,303 144,798 53
18.'2. ,..95 8,
3S,1
1 1.6ìO.S.j
12,
26,052 2Z,h66,OO2 %53,446 8,968,436 129,275,290

18421-37

578

FINAl\TCE

25.-Expenditure, ordinary and extraordinary, of cities 10,000 and over, for the fiscal
year 1919.-concluded.
Extraordinary Expendi ture.
- Grand Total
Name of City or Town. General all
Special Other Total Expendi-
Deben- Deben- Over- Extra- Extra- tur<>s.
turc8 tures drafts. ordinary ordina
y
or or Expend:- Expenäi-
Bonds. Bonds. ture. ture.
S S S $ $ $
MontrE'al, Que......... . . . . . . 10,121,854 20,675.372 857,816 31,655,042 54,183,513
Torontn, Ont.. ....... ....... 5,576,683 5,!)76,6
3 37,813,143
Winnipeg, Man.............. 6,464,846
Vancouver, B.C............. 6,077,359
Quebec, Que... ............. 2,765.307 2,765,307 4,663,539
Hamilton, Ont.. ........,... 273,334 295.645 959,584 196,086 1,724,649 7.329,990
Ottawa, Ont.... . . . . . . . . . . . . 466,396 463,203 53,760 983,359 5,642,695
Calgary, Alta........ 207,831 170,483 - 378.314 6,038,751
Edmonton, Alta. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,004,993 854,869 178,695 2,038,557 7,779,488
Halifax, N.S...... . . . . . . . .. . - - 1,192,608
St. John, N.B............... 381,500 381,500 2,231,946
London, Ont.... . . . . . . . . . . . . 163,565 456,164 104.335 724,064 3,606,645
Victoria, B.C..... ... - 18, 125 51,276 69,401 2,0
7,530
Regina, Sask......... . . . . . . . 28,721 10,280 39,001 3,700,996
Brantford, Ont.............. 16,906 108,320 I 791,522 916,748 2,136,733
Windsor, Onto ... -........ 231,579 40,813 272,392 1,692,935
Verdun, Que... ...... .... ... 4,264 506 17,354 66,242 88,366 696,018
Hull, Que...... . . . . . . 13,400 27,027 35,220 75,647 376,182
Saskatoon, Sask...... ...... 587 587 2,291,886
Sydney, N.S............... 405,276
Three Rivers, Que.... . . . . . . 260,500 200,026 460,526 1,006,673
Kingston, Ont......... . . . . . . 115,183 14,306 129,489 528,218
Moosejaw, Sask............ 71,142 71,142 1,596,776
Sherbrooke, Que. ........... 60,000 37,500 55,000 194,558 347.058 1,097,663
Peterborough, Ont........ .. - 11,334 57,352 - 68,686 1,077,054
Sault Ste. Marie, Onto . . . . . . 248,298 134,372 130,000 1,740 514.410 1,541,438
Kitchener, Ont......... ..... 180,418 :- 40,000 - 220,418 528,273
Fort William, Ont.......... . 116,291 790,000 46,309 952,600 2,881,626
St. Catharines, Ont... . . . . . . - - 625,004
St. Thomas, Ont............ 140,961 57,950 2,172 4 299,624 500,707 1,266,647
Westmount, Que... 799,596
Moncton, K.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376,639
Stratford, Ont.. . . . . . . . . . . . 83,687 728,302 811,989 1,306,359
Guelph, Onto o . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162,503 223,641
Lachine, Que......... . ..... ' 6,019 168,522 577,222
New Westminster, B.C....., 72,940 10,883 125 83,948 819,377
Port Arthur, Ont. . . . . . . . . . . ' - 8,361 19,494 27,855 754,167
Sarnia, Ont... . . . . . . . 88,443 133,380 60,000 281,823 967,558
Brandon, Man......... . . . . . . 12,000 28,911 78,456 5,411 124,778 976,165
Niagara Falls, Ont......... . 114,040 114,040 389,885
Outremont, Que... ... . - 1,000 212,312 213,312 568,032
Galt, Ont........ 30,000 18,559 48,559 570,967
Belleville, Ont. . .. . . . . . . . . . . 58,603 87,500 43,105 189,118 969,061
St. Boniface, Man........... 740,114
Charlottetown, P.E.I... 126,370 126,370 259,207
I,ethbridge, Alta........ - - 882,776
New Glwgow, N.S. 20,081 18,423 13,531 52,035 250,287
Owen Sound. Ont.. . 112,828 112,828 939,290
Amherst, N.S. ............ 70,151 24,605 14,000 108,756 308,380
Medicine Hat, Alta.. . . . . . . . 789,068
St. Hyacinthe, Que. 25,000 73,000 98,000 319,813
Woodstock, Ont............. 33,825 67,601 . 18,024 119,450 467,473
Levis, Que.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,856 17,856 162,654
Totals. . . . .. . . . . . . . . 23,226,539 22,882,6:18 3,531,6,15 t,013,O.O 53,653,S92 182,929,182
1 Consif'ts of expel'diture on Capital Account such as Schools, Street Railways, Local Improvements
and \\ aterworks. 2 Including BridgE's. I Included in General Debentures or Bonds. 4 Including
Bills Payable and I
ocal Improvement. i Including Housing Commission. I Including Temporary
Loans.

...1 Y lII.J 1BJ.JE ASSETS OF' CITIES

579

2G_-
,allable \
ets. <,-'Ities of 10,0 0 populötfåon ;and our, 1919.

Kame of City or To\\n.

\fontræI, Que.......... ....
Toronto, Ont......... . .
\\ innipeg,
Ian ...
Vancouver, B.C........
Quebef', Que..
Hnmilton, Unt......
Otta\\a, Ont. ... .
Calgary, .\lt8.. ....
Edmonton, Alta .
HaJifax,
.S ......

t. John. N.B..........
London,Ont.....
Victoria. B.C...
Hegina, Sa:;b. .......
BrantCord, Ont.........
\\ indsor, Onto
V('rdun, Que..
Hull, Que.....

a."b.atoon
:-:a.-.k

:rùne.r, :-Ij.
........
Three Hiv('l.
, Que......
h.i
!- ton, Ont.........
){oobejaw,
ask.....

h('rhrooke, Que. . . .
Peterborough, Ont. . . .
f;;ault I'to.
farie, Onto
Kitchen('r. Ont........
Fort \\ illiam, Ont......... .
St. Catharines, Ont...

t. Thomas, Ont.....
\\'estmount, Que.
Moncton, N.B ..

tratCord. Ont..
Guelph, Ont..
Lachine, (
ue. .......

C\\ \\
tmin...ter. B.C....
Port Arthur, Ont ...........
Sarnia, Ont
Brandon.
Ian ........
Xiagnrn rail!", Ont......
Outremont, Que.... ..
Galt, Ont....
BellevHle, Ont. .

t. Boniface, Man.....
Charlottptown, P.E.I...
lethbridge, Alta..... .......
Kew Gh"'gow, N.S. ...
Owen Sound, Onto . . . . .
AmhE'rst, K.
. _... ..........
:Meòicine Hat, Alta.. . . . . . . .
St. Hyacinthe, Que.. . . . . . . .
\\ oodstock, Ont..... _.. . . . . .
Levis. Que....... ..

Cash on
hand at end
of year.

$
20
,969
5, 241, 2
6

34.3,6
:!
15.3,000
81,251
1,460
769.954
217.631

3.647
85,967
i9,215
287,799
6Çj5
71. 178
45,i03
26,309
199,127
22,
47
1O,44!ì
1,!ì56
220.474
4,161

8,027
51.964
25,501

31,762
25G

18,46lì
13.2ð5
1,3J4
51\6
61,567

77, 794

29
5,741
7.016
141,598
46.604
105,202
292
7,324
J8,620
14. .,:17
6,725

inking
Funds.

$

3,192,831
27 ,
63, 99.')
10,456,970
8,238.153
371. 204J
2, 7S.U
69
.,367, .,(i-l
2,810.009
t 5.259,175

1,247,232
1, 069.209
2,174,115
2.004,5M
895,3:!8
53,471
24-1,6,,9
1
7,4:a
1.662,4-15
4
6,23:!
39S,4!18
29-1,414
Hit. 683

50.9ðO
7b6,914
5';'0,815

2,217, 4 t

1,099,199

988. J27

46-\

775.154

Tax('
in
arrear::. or
levied but
not due.

6.992,610
3,1-45,92S
3.793.227
5,2.').'),1\17
617.90:!
2, :J6,j. 06.1
46:J,946
4,9J9.9:?

6.594.2Hð

111,2.')\1

ð,706
1,963,053
(jtJO, .tJ4
8.471
100,431
3:J3, H71
133,tI
1
1,015,269
123,000
245,151
1, 000

61, 741)
102,830
31,549
1';'1,159
12,241
724. -t:J5
,)3, SS3

6.62S
lðO,713

98,800

142,329
2ft4, h17
6'3,105
66,79-1
411. 700
S3.!>26
130.538
37,934
47.228
1,061,811
5,000
45
,IS5
23,631
131,907
24.273
6
2,321
22,363
12.717
32,918

Saleable
I ands and
Building::!.

$

$
63,000,000
1 691,004
39,51s8,015
17 ,3:U, 906
12,342.36-1
9, OIl, 8.)!)
16,479,1'1.t
2,012,M8
23,037,074

Other
Amounts
due.

S
8,5J4.333
1,787,557
16,519.429
223,148
1. 629, 271
2,432.415
39.538
396,761
694,842

22,328
6,3-18,6
0

87, 117
2,276.629
3.541,629
676,885
26,,)00
· 8,210,272
75,000
423,207
1,729,020
101,255
1,248,144
279,205
1,983.4f;.t
l,b94
5S2,399
4.313,913
46,260
3,092,275

102,958

2,579
136,1ð3
318,181
70,552
48,563

1,434,773
7.525
461,000
497,541

248.172
57.126
116,034

67,601
12.298

Tohl
Available
Assets.

S
kl, fl03, 743
239,874.860
60,257,641
31,394.646
1.'j,
l-t,076
16,675,459
21,351,635
10,929.500
'137,585,101

4,iOl,828
10,114,494
7,949,319
4,834.584
5,6X:J.lS9
4,105,709
3,954,666
2,671,467
11, 117, 113
2,056,579
4,418,108
2,026,391
10 2,680,837
4,539.014
2,148.997
3,563,174
Go,tOl
3,549,783
5,612,111
457,756
6,867,517

4,025

1,423.476
210,219
2,811,525
6,239,569
3,435,799
1,446,781
3,900,231
86,526
11 3,364,985
606,267
2,029,909
2,373,799
1,288,316
2,020,561
1,144,156
2,173.032
1,252,306
4,830,683
1,363,458
856,111
203,165

S3.697
5S2.3ß4
1.102,273
7,24:

148,444

260,167
568.3:J3
441,234
1,994,342
101.300
785,271
155.674
5H6,871
259.644
671,083
9,857
361,266
1,776

3.317 ,36:!
2,5
1,932
3,732,936
l,ïY4,650
12.502,066
3:
9,OOO
2,653,548
2,347,243

· 1.350,000
J,340.803

54.>,3!J5
2,R3::?899
1, 0'>1, 329

:!9,i09

115,116
293, 106
2,606,152

446,100

2,564,454
5,212,920
1,330,926
1,301,606
3.22\1.957
3,000
719,957

106,645
204.380
714,000
136,966 12
9J8,2-:l7
1,100,880
910,971
3,353,921
1.312,6J8
400.()(\()
149,448

Totals ... .-.. . . . . . . 8,ilì,h;)8 90,k
6,
5.j 4G,2Cìl,43() '
39,7S.).3.)9 GO,818,4S2 4.51.966,2i3

1 Exclusive of Land and Buildings in Capital Account. 2 Including Stores and de!erred charges of
$445,030. I Including Other Asspt::;, deprecilltion fund Hydro-Electric f:yetem and
('hool District
Dehenture<:. t Including Public Schools. 1 Including other deferred aSf'ets of IJ ,781,181. 7 Includes
St. Ry., Waterworks,
chools and HydIO. · Com,Joses St. Railway, Electric Light and Power Plant..
pumping plant ftnd all of '\\orkf1 constructed out of Capital Account. · Including Waterworks. 10 In--
eluding International Milling Co. Bonds, $124,059, and Victory Bondb of 163,266. Jl Including Improve.-
ment and Suspense Outlays, $2,J72,504. 12 Including Capital Expenditure not Bonded and Bonds.

18427-371

.

580

FINANCE

27.-LlabUities, Cities of 10,000 population and over, 1919.

Name of City or Town

Montreal, Que...... . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toronto, O
lt....... ......... . ......... - . . .
Winnipeg, Man. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vancouver, B.C.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec, Que......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hamilton, Ont... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ottawa, Ont.........................
Calgary, Alta.................... ...... ......
Edmonton, Alta....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - -
Halifax, N.S _ .. . - ........... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. John, N.B............. . .... . . ... .., ..... .
London, Ont. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. '" . . . . . -
Victori3, B.C... .................. ...........
Regina, Sask _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
Brantford, Ont..... ................ . . . . . .
\Vindsor, Ont....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Verdun, Que................ -.. -. - - -. -.....
Hull, Que. " _ _ . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
Saskatoon, Sask....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sydney, N.S _ . . . . _ ....... - - - . . . - . - . . . . . . . . . .
Three Rivers, Que. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -
Kingston, Ont...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . - . . . . .
Moosejaw, Sask... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sherbrooke, Que.. . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Peterborough, Onto . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . - . . . . . . . . . .
Sault Ste. Marie, Ont......... .......... ... .,.
Rit('hener, Ont............ ... ...... -...... ...
Fort William, Ont...... .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .
St. Catharines, Ont......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Thomas, Ont.... . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Westmount, Que........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -

{oncton, N.B....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . .
Str[l,tford, Ont........ . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Guelph, Ont _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lachine, Que. . . . . . - . . - - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New Westminster, B.C.......................
Port Arthur, Ont...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...
Sarnia, Ont. . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brandon, Man...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Niagara Falls, Ont............ ., .............
Outremont, Que..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Galt, Onto . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Belleville, Ont.......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
St. Boniface, Man.. . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charlottetown, P.E.I.............. -..........
LethbridgE>, Alta..... .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .
New Glasgow, N.S................. - .......
Owen Sound, Ont........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amherst, N.S....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medicine Hat, Alta....... .. .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . .
St. Hyacinthe, Que........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Woodstock, Ont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Levis, Que... . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bonded
Debt.

$
118,892,119
101,832,913
39,757,398
29,054,524
15,535,387
13,219,364
18,031,194
22,864,283
1 28,725,827

5,015,727
7,381,247
18,200,695
10.893,858
4,0
8.234
3,055,728
2,986,500
2,270,943
8,886,372
2,013,500
3,969,000
],809,531
5,958,250
2,304,900
2,550,914
2,731,964
2,002,231
8,265,746
3,608,376
260,805
4,318,167
2,298,233
2,073,730
2.419,00C.
4,503,527
Ii 4,145,536
1,240,872
3,160,246
909,969
2,850,000
1,744,011
1,392,852
Ii 3,813,789
588.600
3.925,257
950,270
Ii 1,266,076
966,000
3,746,673
591,707
980.468
754,019

Totals. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534,818,522

Liabilities.

Floating
Debt.

1
5,910,208
1,600,113
4,451,909

1,244,449
1,349,429
2,510,476
2 5,456,565

237,000
1,001,000
448, 181
998,816
320,500
344,047
155,000
550,595
55,000
437,639
1,384,448
551,752
281,790
245,914
65,000
880.685
324,120
10,167
22,788

83,000

97,203
77 , 155
204,400
598,824
308,748

264,9S8
72,679
7 1,231,652

281,600
3,843
117.495
64,163
235,599
721,018
142,000
35,341.928

All
Other
Liabilities.

s

6,415,976
1,913,631

167,155
625,109
43.133
2,475,328
I 3,402,709
98,835
645,036
8 3,622,863
333,922
105,781
505,060
157,825
2, 900
797,152
7,000
429,144
214,167
997,336
1,682,362
29,586
23,256
1,313,993
2,526,562
42,976

92,846
, 1,730,969
377,416
95,122

197,402

226,087
250,000
366,543
18,695
118,414
500,965
593

53,692
32,607,542

Total
Liabilities.

S
124,802,327
109,849,002
46,122,938
29,054,524
15,702,542
15,088,922
19,423,756
27,850,087
37,585,101

5,114,562
8,263,283
22,
24,558
11,675,961
5,202,831
3,881,288
3,488,372
2,428,843
10,234,119
2,075,500
4,835,783
2,023,698
8,339,034
4,5
9,OI4
2,862,290
2,977,878
2,090,487
9,146,431
5,246,489
270,972
6,867,517

2,424,209
1,073,730
2,609,049
6,234,496
4,500,107
1,540,394
3,759,070
1,218,707
· 3,321,446
2,008,969
1,465,531
2,271,528
838,600
4,573,400
972,808
1,501,985
1,030,163
4,483,238
1,313,318
980,468
949,711
603,039,036

1 Including Public Schools. . : ':Çhis is short term loans agai!lst .t

arrears and hfPothecated deben.
tures. I Including Accounts and BIlls Payable and Deferred LlabIJIhe.
. ' Includmg Local Improve-
ment Bonded Debt minus the City's share. 6 Outstanding Debentures. I Including Sinking Fund
Accumulated and Reserves. 7 Current Loans. 8 Bank Overdraft on General Account, Bills Payable,
and Construction Account, 1708,693, Local Imp. Account $2,828,632 and other liabilities 185,539.

BUILDIXC PER.
[ITS

581

Buildin
Pern1its.-'fahle 28, frolll the Labour Gazettp of
Fcbruary, 1021, sho" 8 the vahH
of the huilding pPrInits bf'uf'd by
3;) ('itil'
for each of the ypnr...lÐ17, 1018, 1910 and IH20. For thp ypar
IH20 the total valup of thp building perluit
in the table 'vas
....IOO,ü79,
30, a" cOlllparcd ,,-ith '-'77,113,113 in 1919, an increase' of

23,3G6.l2ü.
2ð.-\ ahu's of Ihdldlnh Pernllts tak('n out In 35 CUlfS In 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1920.

Increase
Ci ty . 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. or
Decrease,
1919-1920.
Nova Scotia- S S $ S $
Halifax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
}Q4, 377 2,866,852 5,194,805 3,421,379 - 1,773,426

.}'dney. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416,270 4:!8,783 703,531 bð6,937 + 183,406
:K ew Bruns" ick-
)Ioncton... ...........
. 339,713 147,425 2,132,176 1,201,673 - 930,503
St. John................. 531,250 3'>1,323 542,54.0 1,035,300 + 492,760
Quebec-

I on t real-
Iaisonneuvc. 5,501,918 4,882,873 10,033,901 14,067,609 + 4,033,708
Quebec.. . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . 2,4.59,3t-i6 904,375 2,134,219 2,301,4
0 + 167,261
::5hcrbrookc. . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,000 150,920 873,150 3,265,538 + 2,392,388
Thrpc Rivers. . . . . . . . . . . 423,860 638,975 1,242,450 845,975 - 396,475
WestmQunt........ . . . . . . 154,985 275,211 883,131 1,179,890 + 296,759
Ontario-
Brantford.... . . . . . . . . . . . 2S7,195 761,500 1,173,580 798,073 - 375,507
Fort William............ 6.=>8, 445 535,615 627,930 1,045,160 + 417,230
Guelph......... . . . . . . . . . 111,435 h3,044 603,259 494, 158 - 109,101
Hamilton.... . . . . . . . . . . . 2,746,675 2,472,254 5,087,462 '1,340,220 - 747,242
I\:ingston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,705 318,943 657,679 494,736 - 162,943
Kitchener. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . 205,352 226,062 1,176,962 1,277,595 + 100,633
Lonùon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7,
mo 877,660 2,455,170 2,146,305 - 30R,865
Ot t a "-a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,041,017 2,635,612 3,252,322 3,305,172 + 52,850
Peterborough. . . . . . . . . . . 95
,503 241,251 196,368 939,700 + 74
,332
Port Arthur. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,345,174 610,527 1,708,845 216,350 - 1,492,495
Stratford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449,0
6 S9,786 278,8f\8 440,782 + 161,R94
St. Catharines........... 79,875 465,727 861 , 636 8JO, 632 - 31 ,OC4

t. Thomas.... . . . . . . . . . 216,338 53,395 2R5,525 258.821 - 26,704
Toronto. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,163,556 8,5
5,331 19,617,838 25,737,063 + 6,119,225
Windsor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161,375 570,305 2,601,370 4,850,310 + 2,248,940

lanitob8o-
Branùon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
0.338 90,022 98,541 412,829 + 314,288
Winnipeg. .... . . . . . . . . . . . 2,212,450 2,050,6.jO 2,948,000 8,370,150 + 5,422,150
Saskatchewan-

Ioosejaw. .. . . _ . . . . . . . . . 295,460 566,575 590,S9a 1,533,U95 + 942,200
Regina..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . 416,460 1,006,000 1,699,020 2,597,920 + 89S,900
Saskatoon.. . . ... . . . . . . . . 582,739 604,715 1,404,590 1,150,585 - 254,005
Al berta-
Calgary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548,200 1,196,800 2,212,000 2,906,100 + .. 694, 100
Edmonton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309,800 351,470 931,346 3,231,955 +

,300,609
British Columbia-

ew Westminster..... . . 81,515 108,300 166,282 319,109 + 152,827
Y ancouver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768,255 1,450,229 2,271,411 3,569,666 + 1,298,255
Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147,879 289,760 466,591 1,207,572 + 740,981
Total, 35 Cities.... . 33,936,1:6 36,S3
,2;0 77 ,113,113 10O,6;9,S39 + 23,566,426

Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Commission.-The Canada ·
.Year Book of 1910 (p. xliii) described the installation on October
11, 1010, at Berlin, no,v l{itchener, Ontario, of electrical energy
generated by the Xiagara .Falls, and the initial ,york carri
d out
by the Ontario Hydro-Electric Po" er Commi
sion for the supply
of electrically generated power to 15 lnunicipalities. During the

. .

582

FINAf.lCE

last nine years the operations of the Comlnission have rapidly ex-
tended, until in 1919 about 181 Ontario luunicipalities derived elec-
trical power fron1 the Niagara Falls and other Ontario ,yater systems
of the Commission. Table 31, on pages 584 to 591, gives for 1919
the financial 8tatistic::5 of the electrical installations of 181 munici-
palities. It sho\vs that the cost of operations for the year 1919 \vas
$6,531,482, and that the revenue was $7,827,055, leaving a surplus
of $1,353,443, deficits of $57,870, less a depref'iation charge of
$814,219, nlaking the net surplus to be $481,354. The total nUluber
of conSUluers in the 181lnunicipalities for 1919 \yas 216,086, as against
170,916 in 1917 and 148,732 in 1916. Of the total in 1919,174,981
were dOlnestic, 34,585 \vere comlnerciallight and 6,520 ,vere po,ver con-
sumers. 1'he total horsepo\ver taken in Decelnber, 1919, ,vas 185,355
for 181 municipalities, as compared \vith 157,048 for 143 rnunici-
palities in December, 1917, and 120,768, for 128 lnunicipalities in
Decenlber, 1916. Table 29 is a detailed :::;tatement of the assets and
liabilities of the 111unicipalities serv('d by the (
0I11nlission for the four
years 191G to 1919. The total assets, it \vill he noticed, have gro,vn
from $21,358,935 in 1916 to $30,909,696 in 1919. Table 30 is a
detailed statelnent of earnings and expen::5es for the saIne years.
29.-Statement of l\ssets and Liabilities of EJectric Departments of Municipalities
serted by the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission for the Calendar Yt'ars 1916-19.

.

I terns. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Kumber of Municipalities...... 128 143 166 181
Assets- $ $ $ $
Lands and Buildings................. 1,335,936 1,546,241 1,859,889 1,995,546
Sub-Station Equipment.............. 1,934,626 2,471,294 2,820,489 2,915,125
Distribution System, Overhead...... 4,832,353 6,080,073 6,627,237 7,445,820
" " Underground. . 1,095,710 1,157,060 1,216,288 1,206,297
Line Transformers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,179,132 1,483,839 1,772,691 2,073,113
Meters.......... ....................... 1,711,300 1,999,095 2,238,144 2,587,566
Street Light Equipment, Regular.... . .. 1,251,057 1,237,735 1,200,626 1,206,639
H " Ornamental. . 306,389 361, 976 531,503 546,498
Miscellaneous Construction Expenses... . 2,059,263 2,184,016 2,395,096 2,530,101
Steam and Hydraulic Plant...... . . . . . . 864,500 896,753 214,576 986,201
Old Plant............................. 759,749 649,853 1,476,413 505,960
Total Plant................... 17,330,015 20,On ,935 22,35
,952
-1,298,866
Bank and Cash Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,061,030 340,027 391,195 462,437
Securities and Investments........:.... - - - 627,076
Accounts Receivable...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695,152 1,285,097 1,124,018 1,356,565
Inventories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764,504 1,261,3D8 972,997 1,032,570
Sinking Fund on Local Debentures..... 1,166,618 1,337,579 1,663,298 1,925,456
Equity in Hydro System.............. - - - 344,411
Eq ui ty in Rural Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . - - - 24,661
Other Asspts........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342,216 125,240 444,788 86,216
H.E.P.C. Operating Account..... ...... - - - 564,602
Total Assets. . . . . . . . . . .. .............. - - - 30,7'2"2.8cO
Deficit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 186,836
Total. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,358,935 2
,
27 ,
76 26,9J9,2J8 30,909,696
Liabilities-
Debenture Balance........ . . . . . . . . . . . 15,058,641 15,593,774 17,209,218 18,133,462
Accounts Payable....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 969,188 1,537,669 1,007,728 1,137,705
Bank Overdraft. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178,413 886, 178 576,816 403,235
Other Liabilities...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491,875 429,104 350,013 670,272
H.E.P.C. Operating Account......... - - - 283,222
Total Liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,698,117 18,1J6,725 19,U3,ii5 20,627,896

STATEJ1ENT OF ..lSSBTS

583

2'Þ.

tat.'nU'nt of .\...sl'fs and I
tabllith.s of Elrrtrlr Ul'partnU'nts of 1Iullidl)'LIIUI's
. sl'f\t'd h} tit, Ontario 1I)'dro-Elcctric CODuuission for the C.,Il'lular Y4.'ars
1916-19-concluùl'ù.

Items. 1916.

Re
erv(,9--
Debentures Paid....... . . ..... . ... . . . 54C),778
:--;inkin
Funù Hcscrve................ 1,165,786
Reserve for Equity in Hydro System -
He
erve for Equity in Rural Lines. . . -
Depreciation Reserve... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,843,805
Total Rcscr\cs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,5.i9,319
Surplus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 101, 44U
Total. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . 21,3.
"',9:
.

I)l'rcl'nta..,e of 'ct Dl'bt to Tofa)
&\
sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.4

1917.

694,798
1,340,615

2,463,72-1
4,199,I:n
1,481,414:

:'1,427,276

75.5

HU8.

920,077
1,662,603

3,133,550

5,716,
30
2,08
,243
26,9t9,24S

71.0

1919.

1,328,6.38
1,754,020
344,411
2!},461
3,750,162
7,
:06,712
3,07.3,088

30,909,696

67.1

30.-
tatl'ml'nt of t'arnln
s
u)(1 Ol)('ratin
t:tIU'nSl's of t:ll't'trlt. Dl'part.ments of
':Uunidl)alitil' . sl'rwd b) the Untario II) dro-t:h'drlc ('ommi
sioll for the Calen-
dar ) ears 1916-1919.

I terns.

ulllber of
Iunicipalities... . ..
Earnings-
Domestic Light. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Light..... .... ..... . ... .
Po,ver. .. ..... - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Street Light..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .

liscellancous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total J::arnlnO'
......... . .. . ...

Expenses--
Power purchased. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sub-
tation Operation......... . . .. . . .
" u Maintenance, . . .
Dist. System, Operation and
[ain-
tenance. . . . . .' ....................
Line Trans[ormers
!aintenance. . . . . .

Ieter . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Con
umers' Premises-- Expenses. . . . .

treet Light BysteU1, Operation and
\
laintenance. . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Promotion o[ Business. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Billing and Collecting.... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gen'l. Office, salary and expenses.....
Undistributed Expenses..... . . . . . . . . .
Interest and Debenture Payments... .
Miscellaneous Expenses. . ... . . . . . . . . . .
Total Expenses......... . . . . . . .

Surplus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depreciation Charge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surplus less Depreciation Charge..... . .

1916.

l
ð

$
1,172,879
812,131
1,921,152
930,057
147,&52
4,9S.1,601

1,959,447
153,761
46,132
154,247
14,528
24,218
52,602
145,472
79,325
154,509
306,709
88,647
951,782
8,6137
4,140,066

843,535
486,141
357,394

1917.

143
$
1,417,460
8
9,024
2,665,2S1
967,4
5
120,805

6,070,065

2,563,880
203,091
42,129
169,326
25,329
44,462
61,765
157,858
73,516
188,084
349,932
79,462
1,085,181
33,476
5,071.,191

992,574
607,206
385,368

1918.

166
$

1, 6:32,272
Uü",39g
3,417,248
902,876
161,244
7 ,082,039

2,807,769
238,2.37
60,806
223,3-18
30,48U
63,155
65,150
196,157
64,963
208,661
421,680
106,229
1,238,426
11 , 245
5,736,3.15

1. 345, 704
718,162
627,542

1919.

181
S
1 , 991 , 632
1,175,144
3, 4-1:3, 107
988,901
22",271

7 ,S:J7 ,055

3,2
4,491
217,639
81,854
286,311
42,.309
78,727
84,301
215,964
74,789
236,505
452,131
186,686
1,285,571
4,004

6,S:U,-t82

1,295,573
814,219
481,354

.

584

FINANCE

31.-Financial Stat.istics of Electrical Installations of Municipalities
(From the Annual Report for 1919 of the

Niagara

Operation Debenture
Municipality. Power and Charges Total Revenue. Gross Gross
Purchased. Main- and Operation. Surplu.'5. Deficit.
tenance. Interest.
I S S S $ I $
Acton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,906 1,847 539 7,292 11,268 3,976 -
Ailsa Craig. . . . . . . . . 3,739 204 439 4,382 6,330 1,948 -
Ancast.er Tp........ 344 420 58 822 942 120 -
Aylmer... . . . . . . . . . 6,334 2,334 4,053 12,721 16,398 3,677 -
Ayr................ 1,944 1,010 1,115 4,069 4,765 696 -
Baden............. . 4,936 726 187 5,849 7,406 1,557 -
Beach ville.. . . . 5,874 396 176 6,446 8,568 2,122 -
Blenheim.. . . . . . . . . 5,447 1,328 1,151 7,926 11,255 3,329 -
Bolton... . . . . . . . . . . 4,576 719 1,214 6,509 6,826 317 -
Bothwell. .......... 6,299 1,017 1,558 8,874 9,800 926 -
Brampton......... . 15,866 5,078 3,776 24,720 31,910 7,190 -
Brantford. . . . . . . . . . 50,197 30,366 17,781 98,344 125,300 26,956 -
Brantford Tp....... 3,983 2,469 3,087 9,539 11,461 1,922 -
Brigden. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,556 650 901 6,107 5,958 - 149
Burford.. .. . . . . . . . . 2,384 584 498 3,466 3,539 73 -
Burgessville...... . . 910 42 281 1,233 1,555 322 -
Caledonia......... . 1,215 460 349 2,024 3,155 1,131 -
Chatham.. . . . . . . . . 34,535 22,486 13,694 70,715 81,202 10,487 -
Clinton..... .... . . . . 5,467 2,390 3,053 10,910 14,043 3,133 -
Comber........ . 1,974 437 585 2,996 2,398 - 598
Cbippawa......... . 349 37 123 509 576 67 -
Dashwood........ . 2,429 231 237 2,897 3,626 729 -
Delaware.......... 704 71 198 973 908 - 65
Dereham Tp....... 1,975 1,241 3,045 6,261 6,411 150 -
Dorchester........ . 676 336 263 1,275 1,750 475 -
Drayton. . . . . . . . . . . 3,381 233 702 4,316 5,125 809 -
Dresden........... . 5,265 2,184 1,539 8,988 12,997 4,009 -
Drumbo........ _ _. 680 131 327 1,138 1,676 538 -
Dublin. ..... . .. . .. . 1,471 195 490 2,156 1,925 - 231
Dundas. . . . . . . . . . . . 16,418 9,449 4,566 30,43! 33,108 2,675 -
DunnvilJe.... . . . . . . 9,601 3,066 4,816 17,483 17,255 - 228
Dutton. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,414 854 567 4,835 6,740 1,905 -
Elmira............ . 5,939 1,920 1,324 9,183 11, 888 2,705 -
Elora.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,194 1,818 1,073 9,095 12,685 3, 600 -
Embro......... .... 2,198 391 447 3,036 3,545 509 -
Etobicoke Tp...... 4,786 4,516 6,806 16,108 21,914 5,806 -
Exeter............ . 5,532 1,721 1,275 8,528 12,449 3,921 -
Fergu."i... . . . . . . . . . . 4,487 2,253 1,178 7,918 10,566 2,648 -
Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,911 1,812 2,893 10,616 12,703 2,087 -
Galt...... ..... .... 51,470 19,595 15,069 86, 134 103,780 17,646 -
Georgetown....... . 13,460 3,288 1,788 18,536 24,949 6,413 -
Goderich......... . . 17,055 5,109 4,881 27,045 37,667 10,622 -
Granton. .. . . . . . . . . . 1,879 181 290 2,350 2,729 379 -
Grantham Tp...... 1,102 974 2,915 4,991 4,941 - 50
Guelph. . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,490 26,319 10,273 90,082 107,438 17,356 -
Hagersville. . . . _ . . . 5,738 1;343 551 7,632 11, 399 3,767 -
Hamilton .......... 223,139 129,334 72,019 424,492 500,651 76,159 -
Harriston.......... . 6,028 1,812 1,194 9,034 9,591 557 -
Hensall............ . 3,663 491 811 4,965 6,138 1,173 -
HespE'ler........ . . . . 7,208 4,472 2,626 14,306 14,967 661 -
Highgate.. . . . . . . . . . 2,658 203 346 3,207 3,998 791 -
Ingersoll.. . . . . . . . . . . 19,665 6,980 3,368 30,013 42,493 12,480 -
Kitchener... . . . . . ... 101,118 32,343 18,463 151,924 184,445 32,521 -
Lambeth.......... . 1,063 217 320 1,600 1,995 395 -
Listowel.. .. . .. . . . . . 11,364 4,574 3,794 19,732 21,600 1,868 -
London............ _ 190,834 109,034 54,286 354,154 440,918 86,764 -
Louth Tp....... . . .. - 43 178 221 515 294 -
Lucan.. . . . . . . . .. . . . . 3,630 908 779 5,317 9,237 3,920 -
Lynden... . . .. . . . . . . 3,450 186 397 4,033 4,439 406 -
Milton... . . . . . . . . . . . 12,103 2,724 2,241 17,068 20,096 3,028 -
Milverton...... ..... 8,126 1,031 700 9,857 12,665 2,808 -
l\Iimico.. . . .. . . . . . . . 4,705 4,788 1,977 11,470 15,793 4,323 -
Mitchell... .. . . . . . . . 5,649 3,882 1,726 11,257 13,377 2,120 -
Moorefield.... .. .. . . 1,9
2 112 387 2,491 2,413 - 77
Mt. Brydges....... . 1,674 150 290 2,114 2,490 376 -
Niagara-on-the- 438
Lake... . . . . . . . . . . 1,602 1,395 - 2,997 2,559 -
N. ara Falls....... 30,280 27,037 13,507 70,824 82,992 12,168 -

lag

...ll[1l\ïCIPAL ELECTRICAL I.Y::;TALL
lrIO...'S

585

fo\(.'ru'd b) tbe Ontario 1I).dro-}Jrctrlc Po\n'r Commission, 191
.
Ontario IIydro-Electric Power Commission.)

System.

Deprecia- N t't Net Assets.
tion. Surplus. Deficit.

$

!1M
454
3
17
471
b57
714
.1)48
3,677
11,287
2,2:J5
240
278
160
400
6,018
1,210
230

240
376
627
174
216
4,261
2,275
455
1,1lR
776
366
4,115
793
870
.1,030
10,882
l,b69
3,685
187
412
10,153
612
50.607
624
473
1,6
(/
256
3.720
15.625
195
1,357
47.815
44
489
155
1,309
458
1.847
1,530
170
192

8,152

s

6.10
361

3,3:!6
1,587
120
2,723
24.2
1,160
1,651
2,742

378
3,513
15,669

16:1
731
4,469
1.893

lõ2
12:!

67
577

150
235
433
3.382
364

1. 450
1,5S7
2,824
143
1,691
3,128
1.77S
1.0;;7
6,764
4,544
6,937
192

7,203
3,155
25.55

700

53.1
8,760
16,896
200
511
38,949
250
3,431
251
1.719
2,350
2,476
590

184

4.016

s

397

28,43J
11,402
19.7bl
41 , 106
16.391
14,2.')0
20, &2
23,719
20.345
15,012
129,14')
412.362
75,166
12,664
9,128
4.Stitl
11,191
258.
4ti
52,629
10.763
10,757
4,562
4,s
5
26.818
6.820
10,730
22,120
6,131
6.957
9:J,
73
78.110
13,626
32,949
21,759
12,
ð2
61. 480
29,793
26,103
41,457
439,273
52,106
110,973
4,630
18.4 73
393.142
20,352
1,760.322
23,153
14,863
50,282
7,777
171, 898
536.276
!),87û
58,037
1,713.446
2,472
18,937
8,376
45,455
15,649
47,351
40,458
5.124
6.078
10,837
266.379

313
3'\9
20,j

828

lr.7

447
1.586
2,503

462

67

959

247

438

.

Ratio
Liahili- R('Serves. Surplus. of Net
tie:). Deht to

ets.

s

6.751
7.203
17,172
3!i,358
11. 509
4,
Sl
4,606
IS ')0)4
16:976
11 , 445
58,571
269.272
72,114
9,911
7,330
3,389
4,149
228,2;;6
41,596
9.070
10,597
3,252
4,1O:J
25.690
4 0'>')
9:4ßÏ
15,976
5,121
6.062
51.034
73.1bO
8.199
lx,
35
12,358
11,316
44,684
21,102
16,529
31,048
235,069
18,235
57,421
3.904
13,870
1:!7.731
8,412
1,200,124
19,443
13,151
18,963
6.378
86,606
225,6M
4,641
43,727
939,315
2,077
10,155
7,431
16,408
8,546
22.410
7,042
4,6P6
4,5b8
10.837

127.335

$

S
12.496
1.336
610
5.0S0
4,885
3,707
4,34.6
3,607
3.369
3.567
40,
44
b7, :JS5
3.0;;2
2,753
1.798

6.1
2.78S
30,690
10.745
1,693

44.1
792
fl46
1.:!70

19
5,O
4.
1,010
.'19;;
29,325
4.409
1,789
7.178
4,760
1,566
14,716
4,028
4,748
8,136
117,076
12,528
31,671
724
4,603
127,806
3.979
433,877
3,710
1,712
24,505
730
40,461
194,795
976
9,401
411,315
170
3.377
945
17,06

2,445
12,721
20,968
428
1,054

95,494

$
9,185
2,863
1,999
668

6,262
11 , 730
1,888

30,333
55,705

61.1
4,254

212
1,528
410
1,120

15,514.
521
3,638
7,536
4.641
2,080
4.663
4,82ß
2,273
87. 128
21,343
21,881
2

137,605
7,961
126.321

6.814
669
44,S:n
115,797
253
4,909
362,816
225
5,405

11,979
4,658
12,220
12,448

43.550

288

p. c.
23.8
63.2
86.8
86.0
70.2
30.0
22.3
76.8
83.5
76.2
4,1).4
65.3
96.6
88.9
93.7
69.5
37.1
89.2
79.0
84.3
98.5
71.3
83.4
95.7
58.9
88.2
72.2
!"I7.1
97.7
53.1
93.7
60.2
55.4
56.8
87.8
72.7
70.8
62.3
74.9
53.5
35.0
51.7
84.3
84.9
32.5
41.3
68.2
89.9
88.5
37.7
83.4
50.4
42.8
79.1
75.3
54.9

.4
53.6
107.5
36.1
54.6
47.3
17.4
96.2
7.1..5
100.0
47.8

160
865

436

.Municipality.

........... _ . Acton
...... . Ailsa Craig
... . . .Ancaster Tp
. ......... . Aylmer
......... . . . . . . Ayr
... . . .. Baden
. . . . . . . . Beach ville
. . . .. . . . . Blenheim
. . .. .. . . . . . . Bolton
. . . . . . . . . Bothwell
....... ..Brampton
.... ..... . Brantford
... . Brantford Tp.
.......... . Brigden
.. .. . .. . . . . Hurford
... .. .Burge."5ville
....... . Caledonia
'. ... .Chatham
. .. . . , . . .. ClintoD
. . . . . . . _ ,Comber
........ . Chippawa
..... . . Da.shwo;)d
. .... . . . . Delaware
. . . .. Dereham Tp.
.......Dorchester
...... Drayton
. .. .. .... Dresden
. .. . . _ _ . . . Drum bo
......... Dublin
. . . .. .. .. Dundas
....... . . Dunnville
.. . . . . . . . . . Dutton
. . . . . . . . . EI mira
. . . . . . . . . . .. EJora
. . . . . . . . . _ . Embro
. .. . Etobicoke Tp.
.. . .. . . . .. . Exeter
. . . . .. . . . . . ' Fergus
. . . . . . . . . . . . Forest
...... . _ . Galt
. . . . . . . Georgetown
. . . . . Godcrich
.. . ... .. .Granton
. . .. Grantham Tp.
. . . . . . . . . . . Guelph
. . , . . ..Hagersville
. . . . .... . Hamilton
.. .... . Harriston
.. .... . Hensall
.. . ......Hespeler
.. .... . Highgate
. . . . . . Ingersoll
........ . Kitchener
.. . . Lambeth
. . . .. ... .Listowel
. . . . . .. ... London
..... ....Louth Tp
. . . . . . . . . . . . . Lucan
_ . . . . . . ... .I,ynden
_ . . . . ., ... . Milton
. . .......
[il
er
on
. . . . . . . . . . . Mlmlco
.... _ ... . Mitchell
....... . Moorefield
. .... .1\ft. Brydges
.. ..Niagara-on-tho
Lake
..... Niagara Falls

586

FINANCE

31.-Financial statistics of Electrical Installations of lUunicipalities

(From the Annual Report for 1919 of the

Operation Debenture
Municipality. Power and (;harges Total
Purchased. . Main- and Operation.
tenance. Interest.
S $ S $
New Hamburg...... 6,035 2,391 1,136 9,562
New Toronto... .. . . 60.061 5,009 - 65,070
Norwich........... . 5,594 5,866 939 12,399
Oil Springs..... . . . .. 4,236 342 903 5,481
Otterville... . . . . .. . . 974 251 389 1,614
Palmerston..... . . . 4,077 1,591 2,064 7,732
Paris.. . 10,548 6,062 6,412 23,022
Petrolia..... :::.:: : : 13,246 5,292 4,003 22,541
Plattsville... . . . 3,251 224 443 3,918
Pt. Credit... .. . . . . . 1,527 1,325 502 3,354
Pt. Dalhousie..... . . 2,294 2,362 1,376 6,032
Pt. Stanley..... . . . . 6,033 2,353 1,233 9,619
Preston.. . . . " . . . . . . 24,808 10,870 7,488 43,166
Princeton..... 940 121 274 1,335
Ridgetown.. . . . . . : : : 5,394 2,209 1,601 9,204
Rockwood........ . 2,103 537 :34
2,988
Rodney............ . 2,547 411 611 3,569
St. George........ . . 2,490 386 385 3,261
St. Jacob's......... . 1,944 186 49ï 2,627
St. Mary's....... . . . 14, 503 4,639 4,907 24,049
St. Thomas......... 54,397 23,286 10,171 87,854
Sarnia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.254 29,341 18,195 113,790
Seaforth.. .. . . . . . . . . 11,208 3,553 1,322 16,083
Simcoe. . . . . . . _ 3,787 1,796 1,654 7,237
Sprinv,;field . . . . . : . : : 1,595 536 882 3,013
Stamford Tp....... 5,573 3,419 2,972 11, 964
Stratford. . . . . . . . . . . 33,546 21,767 17,847 73,160
Strathroy. . . . . . . . . . 8,661 3,337 3,580 15,578
Scarboro Tp.... .... 1,051 991 5,019 7,061
St. Catharines..... . 43,151 30,073 16,036 89,260
Tavistock....... ... 8,243 796 235 9,274
Thame!5ford. . . . . . 3,349 290 469 4,108
Thamesville.... ..: 2,441 406 914 3,761
Thorndale......... . 2,520 353 351 3,224
Tilbury........... . 3,849 1,303 1,233 6,385
Tihoonburg........ . 19,052 4,793 2,459 26,304
Toronto...... ... . 812,868 765,016 543,832 2,121,7J6
Toronto Tp........ 4,174 2,463 3,946 10,583
Vaughan Tp........ 1,557 311 2,482 4,350
Walkerville. . . . . . . . 70,204 24,774 12,368 107,346
Wallaceburg....... . 20,856 4,735 5,007 30,5t18
Waterdo" n. . . . . . .. . 2,705 1,465 1,361 5,531
Waterford...... . . . . 3,227 711 1,761 5,699
Waterloo.......... . 21,030 12,039 3,573 36,642
Watford.... ........ 4,554 602 923 6,079
Wolland........... . 43,959 19,180 14,054 77,193
Wellesley......... . . 3,958 555 606 5,119
West I...orne........ . 1,271 453 5û4 2,2t10
Weston. _ .. . . . . . . . . . 17,757 4,376 1,862 23,995
Windsor. . . . . . . . . . . . 72,768 53,226 25,367 151,361
Woodbridge....... . 2,683 554 556 3,793
Woodstock.. .. . . . 25,207 15,066 4,386 44,659
Wyoming.......... . 1,672 279 607 2,558
Zurich... . . . . . . . . . . 3,173 440 348 3,961
Total ......... .. 2,585,940 1,580,662 1,043,99" 5,210,596

Niagara

Revenue. Gross Gross
Surplus. Deficit.
S $ S
11, 804 2,242
87,450 22,380
16,720 4,321
5,280 201
2,612 998
11,495 3,763
30,706 7,684
31,176 8,635
5,237 1,319
4,449 1,095
6,575 543
11 ,002 1,383
47,175 4,009
1,455 120
14,593 5.389
3,114 126
5,085 1, 516
4,745 1,484
3,724 1,097
25,323 1, 274
116,353 28,499
147,249 33,459
21,824 5,741
13,492 6,255
3,269 256
14,685 2,721
96,718 23,558
22,079 6,501
7,459 398
107,990 18,730
13,964 4,690
5,911 1,803
4,476 715
3,880 656
7,003 618
38,142 11,838
2,466.294 344,578
14, 566 3,983
3,341 1,009
149,180 41,834
44. 178 13,580
7,063 1,532
8,805 3.106
45,485 8,843
7,410 1,331
84,347 7,154
6,259 1,140
3,628 1,338
33,337 9,342
188,867 37,506
6,626 2,833
59,064 14,450
2,256 - 303
5,486 1,525
6,318,610 1,111,362 3,349

Thunder Bay

Port Arthur. .. . . . . .1

91, 383 1

43, 822 1

174,284 I

260, 570 I 86, 286 1

39, 079 1

JIUNICIP..1L DLEC'PRICAL Il\YST tLL4TI01VS

587

serH'd b)" the Ontario ß)'dro-FJcctric Po\\er Commission, 1919-con.

Ontano Hydro-Electric Power Commi..<:sion.)

System.-concludcd.

Ratio
Deprecia-
et Net Assets. Liabili- Reserves. Surplus. of K et
tion. Surplus. Deficit. tlC:J. Debt to
I Assets.

J
1,000
1,64S
775
373
219
798
3,3SO
2,205
198
60,1)
579
86.1
4,938
135
ð.:i5
342
344
231
246
3,408
10,879
9,145
1,835
1,364

1,260
11,376
1,772
6S9
10,9S9
420
340
431
159
478
2,473
340,427
3,175
306
8,880
2,476
1,140
6"16
5,144
469
8,545
305
310
2,496
12,737
498
7,055
313
243

685,62:1

System.

.

1,152
20,732
3,546

779
2,965
4,304
6,430
l, 121
490

520

4,534

1,172
1 , 2.):1
851

17,620
24,314
3,906
4,891
256
1,461
1
.lð:!
4,729
7,741
4,270
1,463
284
497
140
9,365
4,1.11
bOS
1,315
32,954
11,104
392
2,420
3,699
863
1,391
835
1,028
6,84ô
24.769
2,335
7,350
616
1,282
13S,93!

15,000 I 71,286 I

2,134

.

.
37,403
74,167
30, 7!1

13,259
6,090
29, 56.i
117,635
65,413
10,532
17,362
20,567
32,538
155,295
,1),671
37,219
7,714
10,959
9,589
8,251
l00.4()()
344, sn
370.4:>9
65.013
52,618
7.338
55,316
397,4l.1
67.5&3
36.791
401,949
17,990
8,654
15,050
5,499
21 , OO

74,185
12,726,057
33,128
12,676
302.404
102,851
18,3.,)S
16,757
146,519
15,012
276,158
10,3':'0
10,913
69,589
674,465
15,880
310.414
9,921
9,052

.
17.268
8,173
12,540
12,020
3,tl65
16,278
49,3.')6
5J,397
9, :42
7,2S4
1,1),664
16,4:19
6fJ.412
4.8:>7
17 , 766
2.141
8,900
5,604
5,646
34, 710
106,362
2H2,796
25.000
39.49,1)
4,M2
42,906
218,3lt
40.592
34,2.38
265,714
5,728
6,353
12.344
4,709
18,lfJO
3:J,349
9,728,640
10,676
11 ,392
199,909
81,8S5
6,326
3,22b
60,2-13
12,448
211,128
6,851
8,276
19,206
588,015
8,138
126,087
8,227
5,509

S
11.537
5,ð91
6,.')51
1.239
1,126
13.287
59, !166
9,1I7
1,390
5,141
4,903
9,b'>:l
57,:>04
814
5,"-90
3,37J
1,022
1,293
&12
60,914
103,S63
49,484
20.359
4,661
1,355
4,404
143,811
13,362
2,553
63.351
1,436
2,091
2.706
790
2,h12
26,307
2,766,844
19,508
I, 2'\4
4.), 1
2
11 , 406
9, ;i-.\I
6,166
45,333
1,863
53,022
1,510
918
23,502
75,096
2,469
99,460
1,694
553

S
8.598
60,104
11,307

8,313
2,b99

4,937

6,418
28,J79

13.563
2.200
1,037
2,692
1,773
4.776
114,667
38.179
19,654
8,462
I,Ul
8,006
31,285
13,629

72,884
10,826
210

14,529
230,573
2.94-1
57,313
9,560
2,243
;.363
40,943
701
12,008
2.009
1,719
26,881
11. 354
5,273
84,867

16,5H 1
5,123,526 1ì,U3,06,t 5,762,964 2,217,!9ð

2,990

574

36

929
15

216

291

- 11,146,902 I 561,529 I 273,766 1 311,607 I

p. c.

999

Municipality.

46.2
11.2
47.2
94.0
6').1
55.0
41.9
81.6
86.8
41.9
80.9
50.5
44.7
108.4
47.7
27.7
81.2
57.9
68.4
34.6
31.9
76.3
38.4
75.1
65.9
77.6
54.9
60.1
95.8
66.1
31.9
73.4
87.0
96.1
104.9
44.9
76.5
32.2
103.9
66.1
79.6
34.5
19.3
41.1
82.8
77.7
66.1
75.8
27.6
87.2
51.2
40.6
82.9
60.9

....New Hamburg
. . . .. New Toronto
.... ......Norwi.ch
.... .Oil Sprin
s
. .. ".... .Otterville
.. ... . Pal merf1ton
. . . .Paris
. . ....... .Petro1ia
. . . . ... . Plattsville
. . . ..Port Credit
. ..Pt. D:il hOIJ
ie
. . .. .Pt. Stanley
. . . . Prf'ston
. . . . . . . . . Princeton
.. .... Ridgetown
. .....Rockwood
. . .. . . . . . Rodl'ey
...... .St. Georp;e
, ... . ..
t. Jacob's
... .St. Mary's
. ..... .St. Thomas
.. . . .Sarnia
. . . . . .. .Se:lrorth
. . . .. .. :-:imcoe
. . ..... . Springfield

....Stamford Tp
t;tratford
Str
throy
..... Scarboro Tp.
. . .. St. Catharines
.. TRvi
tock
. . Thameslord
. . .. . . Thamesville
. Thorndale
. . . . . . ... TilLury
. . . . .. Ti1
onburg
. . . .. . . . . . . Toronto
. Toronto 1'1).
. . .... Vaughan T".
. . . . Walkerville
. Wallaceburg
. .... .\Vaterdo

....... Waterford
_ . _ .... WaterIoo
. . . Watford
. .......... WeIland
. . ... . . . . Wellesley
. . .. . . . We:st Lorne
Weston
. . . . . . Windsor
. ..... Woodbridge
.. ...... Woodstock
. . .... Wyoming
. . . . . . . . .. . Zurich

68.3 .. .......... . Total

48.91. ...... Port Arthur

.

588

FINANCE

3l.-Financial statistics of Electrical Installations of l\lunicipalities
(From the Annual Report for 1919 of the

Severn

Operation Debenture
:Municipality. Power and Charges Total Revenue. Gross Gross
Purchased. Main- and Operation. Surplus. Deficit.
tenance. Interest.
-.
$ S S S S $ $
Alliston.... . . . . . . . . 7,008 1,524 3,059 11,591 8,781 - 2,811
Barrie. . . . . . . .. . . . . . 18,100 5,817 3,477 27,394 39.293 11,899 -
Beeton. . . .. . . . . . . . . 7,154 463 1,087 8,704 5,971 - 2,733
Bradford. .. .. .. . _ . . 5,347 596 1,220 7,163 3,466 - 3,697
Cold water. . . . . . . . . 2.593 496 555 3,644 3,407 - 237
Collingwood....... . 49.404 8,193 1,320 58.917 . 53,737 - 5,180
Cookstown........ . 3,040 253 906 4,199 3.357 -
42
Creemore......... . 2,938 598 466 4,002 4.805 803 -
Elmv:1le.. . .. _ . . .. _ 4,279 909 460 5,648 6,542 894 -
Midland. . . . . .. . . . . . 36,352 8,563 5.611 50,526 42,940 - 7,586
PenetaJ1v, . . . . . . . . . . . 21,227 3,910 2,068 27, 205 23,605 - 3,600
Pt. McNicoll....... 1.530 333 494 2,357 2,157 - 200
Stayner. . . . . . . . . . . . 4.810 858 1,206 6,883 6,913 30 -
Thornton.......... . 1,250 125 575 1,950 936 - 1,014
Tottenham........ . 3,905 496 1,142 5.543 3.509 - 2.034
Victoria Harbour .. 1,826 381 516 2,723 2,771 48 -
Waubru>hene....... . 960 416 296 1,672 1,403 - 269
Total. .. . . . . . . 171,720 33,934 24,458 230,122 213,594 13,675 30,
03

St. Lawrence

Total. . . . . . . . _ .

37,615 36,609 16,880 91,104 87,341
8,285 864 897 10.046 9,411
7,587 5,400 2,077 15,064 16,505
1,076 158 267 1,501 1,640
4,101 1,593 961 6,565 7,177
58,664 44,535 21,081 UJ,280 122,074

3,763
635

Brockville. . . . . . . . .
Chesterville....... .
Prescott. . . . . . . . . . . .
Williamsburg. . . . . . .
Winchester. . . .. . . . .

1,441
139
612
2,192

4,398

Wasdells

Beaverton.... ...... 3,963 1,230 1,676 6.869 7,245 376 -
Brechin........... . 3,272 427 453 4,152 3,427 - 725
Cannington........ . 3,643 877 1,251 5.771 5,801 30 -
Sunderland........ . 3,272 600 1,146 5,018 4,016 - 1,001
Woodville....... . . . 2,768 503 709 3,980 3,131 - 849
Total.... . . . 16,918 3,637 5,235 25,790 23,620 406 2,575

Eugenia

Arthur.. . .. . . . . . . . .
Chatsworth. . . .. ..
Che::,ley. . . . . . .....
Dundalk.... _ .....
Durham.......... .
Elmwood......... .
Flesherton. _ . .... . .
Grand ValJey......
Hanover. .. . . . . . . . .
Holstein. . . . . . . . . . .
Markdale.. . . . . . . . .
Mount Forest.......
Neu
tadt...... .....
Orangevllle. . . . . . . . .
Owell Sound.. . . . . . .
Shelburne..... . . . . .
Tara...............

Total.. . . . . . . . .

9,107 528 1,517 11,152 8.949 - 2,203
1,111 189 450 1,750 1,888 138 -
6,707 1,145 2,534 10.386 11, 778 1,392 -
2,851 465 876 4,192 5,027 835 -
2,478 1,446 1,658 5,582 5,711 129 -
1,988 190 651 2,829 2,511 - 318
1,765 256 546 2,567 2,637 70 -
2,969 359 978 4,306 4,404 98 -
12,296 2,196 5,260 20,752 24,985 4,233 -
1,673 149 365 2,187 1,475 - 712
1,924 630 1,015 3,569 4,589 1,020 -
6,847 908 2,450 10,205 11, 662 1,457 -
J,817 203 1,010 3.030 1,942 - 1,088
6,696 1, 736 3,006 11 ,438 10,646 - 792
24,924 24,045 9,594 58,563 68,448 9,885 -
4,944 853 1,487 7,284 7,390 106 -
3.324 379 1. 022 4,725 2.943 - 1,782
9:1,421 35,679 31,419 16!,518 176,985 19,363 6,896

l1Ul\rICIPAL ELECTRICAL IaYSTALLATIOaVS

!)
9

u\ed by the OntarIo ll)rdro-Electrlc Power' Commission, 1919 -con.

Ontario Hydro-Electric Po\\cr CommissioD.)
S,) stem.

.
Net Net Assets. I.iabili- Reserves.
Surplus. Defici t. ties.
I
$ S $ S S
- 4,211 46,042 43,867 2,175
8,131 - 171.279 36,914 73, 6,')5
- 2,268 21,476 20,715 ít:il
- 4.302 22,696 21,911 íS5
- 6b1'J 13,:t?1 9,767 3, .).)4
- 8,758 115, :?G6 27,949 37,488
- 1,29.:J 15, lIjlJ 14,4"3 6
3
4
3 - 13,3j
6.0J4 2,b36
404 - 12.326 6,
71 3,319
- 12,5:?O 149,4fH 7i.2
2 46,\7S
- 6,090 6
,71S 2\1,415 24,972
- 44U 8,26X 6,M2 1,326
- 537 17,8t.
12.765 4,532
- 1,293 9,100 8,821 279
- 2,420 14,394 13.4:0-'\ 906
- 2-') 9,lb6 5,6!H 1,
bl
I...
- 445 4, U:J 3,220 1,027
1,01' 4.15U .06,619 315,,')65 %tHi - S,

Deprecia- I
tion.

S
1,400
3,768
535
605
4'>1
3,578
456
320
400
4,9:
4
2.490
2-10
567
279
386
320
1,;"6

%0.99';

Ratio
Surplus. of Net Municipality.
Debt to
Ai:>::-ets.
S p. c.
95.3 . Alliston
60, bSO 21.6 Barrie
121.2 .. .. .. .. ..
. .. .. . . Beeton
117.6 ........ .. . 0 . Bradford
78.3 . . Cold water
49,829 24.2 oo.. .o. Colling\\ ood
9'>,5 Cooksto\\ D
4.958 45.1 . . . . . . . _ . Creemore
2.736 50.2 .. ....... . Elmvale
25,304 51.7
liùland
8,331 46.9 o . . . . . . . . . Pem-tang
- 110.2 o .....Pt. .McNicoll
518 71.1 Stayner
113.0 . .. .. .. .. Thornton
112.6 Tottenham
1,634 61.9 . Victoria Harbour
476 68.1 . . . . . . \\ aubashene
1.):I,46,j '0." .. . . .. .. . . 0 . Tota

System.

- - 3.763 246,215
444 - 1.079 19.
O
2.12:J - 684 68,107
HI 28 - 4.6J5
510 102 - 17,S.n
3,190 no '..)
6 J.tf.... ;'

191,772 53,516 927 77.9 o . . . .. . . TIrock\-ilIe
17,091 2.5

126.6 ....... .. Cbcsterville
27. III 16.620 24,376 39.6 Prescott
3.772 863 93.9 0... . Williamsburg
14,432 3.409 85.1 -....... \\ iDch
ter
.t".n
;6.
197 %...3U3 n o 9 . .. 0 . .. . . Total

System.
450
112
514
215
155
l , lt6
System.
ö24
219
992 400
350 48ã
ï25
243
290
433
2.018 2,215
131 -
482 538
1,028 429
452
1,235
5,701 4,184
688
490
18,301 8,251

74
837
484
1,216
1.004

25.608 22.790 2,818
1l,035 10,519 516
27.518 21,b09 2,709
16,102 14,733 1,369
14.119 13,217 902
.H,3
2
G,I}
8,314

3,61.t

127.3 ....... Beaverton
2
5.5 ._. ....... Brechin
132.3 ... .. 0 Canningi;,on
182.5. _ . . Sunderland
202.7.........Wrodville
1,'}.1.0 . ..... 0 " Total

3,027 30,728 27,993
81 7.595 6,590
- 37.071 31.361
- 10,327 7.129
596 23,869 19.829
561 8,212 7,527
220 9,7

8,465
335 13,172 10.990
- 70,134 60,798
843 6,296 5,752
- 16,936 13.603
- 48,461 3
,559
1,540 16,197 15.413
2,027 46,305 39,824
- 303.179 143,665
582 23,151 19,373
2,272 20,403 19,232
U,OS6 1191
2" 176,103

2,735 121.1 . . . . . . . .. . . 0 Arthur
1,005 98.9 0..... .Cbatsworth
5,710 94.3 0... ...... . Chesley
3.198 72.6 . .......0. Dundalk
4,040 103.3 ....... . Durham
685 100.8 .. ...... . Elm wood
1.323 104.1 .0.... 0 . FJesherton
2,182 92.2 ..... GraDd Valley
6,587 2,749 86.7 . . . . . . . . . . Hanover
544 172.6 . . . . .. . . . . Holstein
1.765 1,568 80.3 . . ..... 0 ol\Iarkdale
9,902 91.5 . . . .. Mount Forest
784 106.0 ......... Neustadt
6,481 99.5 . . . . . . . OrangevilIe
104,689 54,825 47.4 ..... . OweD Sound
3,778 90.1 . . .. ..oo .. Shelburne
1,171 .. . ... .. .. .... .... . _.Tara
lã6,579 59,142 o . .. . . . . . . . . . Total

590

FINANCE

3t.-Financial Statistics of Electrical Installations of lUunicipalities
(From the Annual Report for 1919 of the
Ottawa

Ottawa. . . . . . . . . . . .

$
88,563

S
100,125

Debenture
Charges Total Revenue.
and Operation.
Interest.
S S S
40,392 229,080 275,953

Gross Gross
Surplus. Deficit.

1\1 un icipali ty .

Operation
Power and
Purchased. Main-
tenance.

S
46,873

s

Muskoka

Total. . ... ....

7,320 4,927 3,893 16,140
21,031 2,531 2,199 25,761
28,351 7,458 6,092 41,901

13,855
23,228
37,083

2,285
2,533
4,818

Gravenhurst. . . . . . .
Huntsville. _ . . . . . . .

Rideau

Carleton Place..... 6,797 3,268 425 10,490 15,647 5,157 -
Perth......... ..... 10,489 8,613 7,058 26, 160 27,315 1,155 -
Smiths Falls.... . . . 10,091 16,341 14,680 41, 112 38,364 - 2,74
Total. . . . . .. . .. 27,3'ìì 28,222 22,163 74,76
81,326 6,312 2,74

8
8

Trent

Bloomfield. ... ..... 1,081 132 481 1,694 1,497 - 197
Kingston. . . . .. . _ . 44,061 38,848 22,34<) 105,258 148,628 43,370 -
Omemee.......... . 1. 008 332 1,002 2,342 2,807 465 -
Peterboro' ....... .. . 56,590 42,310 14,944 113,844 127,402 13,558 -
Pickering Tp..... . . 251 151 289 691 1,052 361 -
Picton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,162 3,758 1,117 1
,037 27,879 8,842 -
Wellington........ . 1,882 473 314 2,669 3,046 377 -
Whitby Tp. . . . . . . . . 1,087 1,170 1,947 4,204 3,488 - 716
Whitby E. Tp...... 1,022 916 1,471 3,409 1,439 - , 1,970
-
Total.. . . . . . . . . 121,1U 88,088 43,916 253,148 317,238 66,973 2,282

All

Grand Totals. I 3.284.,191 I J.,961,419I 1,285,5721 6,53104821 7,827.05511,31)3,14.31 57,870

CURRENCY AND BANKING.
Gold.-Gold is used only to an insignificant extent as a circu-
la ting medium in Canada, its lnonetary use being practically confined
to reserves. Until 1912 there ,vere no Canadian gold coins, authority
to issue such having been first conferred in 1910. By the Currency
Act, 1910 (9-10 Edw. 'TII, c. 14), British sovereigns and other gold
coins, and the 5 dollar, 10 dollar and 20 dollar gold coins of the
United States, are legal tender. These, ho,vever, are alnlost entirely
divided betw'een the DOlninion Government and the banks as reserves,
and the chief circulating Inedium of the country is provided by paper
and token currency. The gold coinages of the Otta ,va Branch of
the Royal l\Iint, which ,vas opened on January 2, 1908, are given

JIU..YICIPAL ELECTRICAL LVSTL1LLA TIOVS

5
)]

St'r\Cd b)" tlU" Ontario II) dro-I':It.'drlt. Po\\er COlllnllssion, 1919-concluded.
Ontario Hydro-Flectric Power Commission.)
System.

$
39.130

Net Net Assets. Liabili-
Surplus. Deficit. ties.
$ $ $ S
7.743 - 1.319,944 704.534

Ita t io
Reserves. ::;urplus. of Net :Muni('ipali ty.
Debt to
Assets.

Th'precia-
tioD.

$

S
90.995

p.c.
53.4...........0ttawa.

521,395

By.item.

2.06ð - 4.353 12S.9
g U3.66
33.263 - 78.4 . . . _. . GravenhuT8t
9"'9 - 3.522 33.721 28.6
O 5.041 - 109.0 .... . Huntsville
3,0;)7 - '1.875 162,6-19 I 12 t,.1t3 3S,306 - b3.8 ..... . Total

System.

1.735 3.42
- 5.1. &10 50.683 1.73:> 3,42:? 90.8 ..Carleton Place
2.2M - 1.129 118.290 112.769 5.521 - 95.8 .. ....... . Perth
4.84"Ì - 7,596 197,6ðU 11,1.201 16,488 - 91.7 -. ....Smiths Falls
ð,'67 3.1 :!'! 8,.'?. 371 h19 31.{,6-:) 3,7"" 3.4n 10t.4 . ..... Total

System.

197

11,350
512.0
7
1
.024
324,946
1.530
32.016
1-1.596
15.4S!'l
7.313

11 . 249
281, 5.")7
12.100
237.565
1. 169
4,5:!2
14.103
15.224
7,147

101
78.074
924
54.07S
43
1.291
116
265
166

33.303
31')
26,203
377

100.8
54.9
95.7
73.1
76-4
14.3
96.6
112.0
185.7

... _ . Bloomfield
. . .. ... . I\:ing,.;ton
. -.. -. Omemee
Peterboro'
. _ _ Pickering Tp
. . . . . . . . . Picton
. . .... Wellington
.... _ Whitby Tp
. .. Whitby E.Tp

10.963
420
8.293
4

460

32.407
45
5,265
318
8.
S2
377

152.456

265
16.)
20.610

981
2.135

6,7'"

3,313 932,3':;1 õ
".6.16 13.).O
2U,657

63.1 ...... . . . ... Tota

Systems. .

8u,'a19I
,5
1 I 10",
'?.., 131),909.b9u;tO,G
7',):lÔ 1.\206.711 13.0ì.).OS.
I

56.1 I. - ..Grand Totals

in Tahles 32 and 33. Table 34, ('oulpiled by the Dou1Ïnion Comp-
troller of Currency, gives the fonn in 'which the gold has been held
by the Governll1Cnt in recent year
. 'fhc ...\.nlcriean gold, it ,vill be
seen, greatly preI>onderat('
, and thf>rc is a considerable additional
anlount held by the banks, as it b legal tender in both countrie
.
Token Currency .-
ilver and bronze coinages for Canada are
shown in Table:--. 32 and 35. Silver coins are legal tender only up to
ten dollars, and bronze coins to t,venty-five cents.
Dominion
otes.-The foundation of the Canadian monetary
systenl is the paper currency of the DOlninion Government. Under
the Don1Ïnion Notes _\ct, 191-1 (5 Geo. 'T, c. 4), the DonlÌnion Gov-
ernment is authorized to i
sue notes up to and including 550,000,000

.

592

FINANCE

against a reserve in gold equal to one-quarter of that amount. By
Chapter 4, Acts of 1915 " An Act respecting theissue of Dominion
Notes" the Dominion Governnlent is authorized to issue notes up to
$26,000,000 without any reserve of gold, $16,000,000 of the notes to
be against certain specified Canadian railway securities guaranteed
by the Dominion Government. l Notes may be issued to any addit-
ional amount in excess of $76,000,000, but (except as provided by the
Finance .L\..ct, 1914), an amount of gold equal to the excess must be
held. Thus DonlÌnion notes are under normal conditions gold cer-
tificates. Under the Act, the Government issues notes of the
denonlÌnations of 25 cents,
1,
2, $4, $5, $50, $100, $500, $1,000. In
addition, "special" notes of the denominations of $500, $1,000,
$5,000 and $50,000 (first issue t;eptember, 1918), are issued for use
between banks only, the purpose being to safeguard against theft.
Table 36 sho\vs ho\v the different denonlinations have run during the
past six years in the circulation. Table 37 gives the main statistics
of Dominion note circulation and the reserve on which it has been
built since 1890.

Bank Notes.-The circulating medium chiefly in use in Canada
is in the form of bank notes. Under the Canadian Bank Act, the
banks are authorized to issue notes of the denominations of $5 and
multiples thereof to the amount of their paid-up capital. These
notes are not in normal times legal tender. In case of insolvency the
notes of a bank are a first lien upon the assets. They are further
secured, in case of insolvency, by the Bank Circula.tion Redenlption
Fund, to ,vhich all banks contribute on the basis of 5 p.c. of their
average circulation, the sum thus ::;ecured being available for the
redemption of the notes of failed hanks. In addition, during the
period of the movement of the crops (Septenlber 1 to February
28-29), the banks may issue "excess" circulation to the amount of
15 p.c. of their combined capital and "rest or re
erve" funds. In

IThe following is an outline of Canadian legislation respecting the i
sue of notes. After
Confederation, by an Act of 1868 (31 Vict., c. 46), authority was given for the issue of notes
to the extent of eight million dollars. The reserve was fixed at 20 p.c. up to a circulation
of five millions; beyond that, 25 p.c. to be held as reserve. The law of 1870 (33 Vict., c. 10),
authorized a limit of nine million dollars. 'The reserve was fixed at 20 p.C., but the nine
millions were only to be issued when the specie amounted to two millions. Dollar for
dollar was to be held beyond nine millions. In 1872 (35 Vict., c. 7), the reserve for the
excess over nine millions was fixed at 35 p.c. in specie. This was amended in 1875 (38 Vict.,
c. 5), by requiring dollar for dollar beyond twelve millions; for the reserve between nine
and twelve millions 50 p.c. in specie was to be held. In 1878 the law respecting Dominion
notes was extended to the provinces of Prince Edward Island, British Columbia, and
Manitoba. In 1880 (43 Vict., c. 13), the basis of the present standard was established. A
reserve of 25 p.c. in gold and guaranteed debentures was required, of which 15 p.c. at least
must be in gold. The limit was raised to twenty million dollars. In 1894 (57-58 Vict., c. 21),
the limit was raised to twenty-five millions, but this was found unworkable and was re-
pealed in 1895 (58-59 Vict., c. 16), and authority was given to issue notes to any amount
over twenty millions, on holding dollar for dollar beyond that sum. In 1903 (3 Edw. YII,
c. 43) the Minister of Finance was required to hold gold and guaranteed debentures of not
less than 25 p.c. on Dominion notes issued and outstanding up to thirty million dollars;
beyond thirty millions he :was required to. h?ld gold
qual to the excess.
n 19
4. (5 Geo. V,
c. 4). this amount was raIsed to fifty mlll
ons and In 1915, to seventy-sIx mIlhons, under
the conditions stated in the text. The Fmance Act, 1914 (5 Geo. V, c. 3), makes pro-
vision, in case of war, panic, etc., for the issue of Dominion notes against approved
securities.

('URR/
'&Y('Y AL.yf) TJ..LVKIJYG

593

the eycnt of "ar or pa Hic t h(\ (
OY('rnlllent UHty pPrInit the "eÀce
s"
to run :111 th(\ ypar. rrhe bank:-5 pay interé:5t on the exc{':,s at .) p.c,
If the bank de::;ircs to excced its cirC'ulation it lllay do :-30 since 1013
by dppositin
dollar for dollar in gold or DOIl1Ïniol
notes in a centraJ
gold r(':-,('fVP. 1"h(\ figurps of bank note circulation are g,ivpn in
rrahlc 38. l'ablc 39 brings together the results ohtained above as
to the quantity of the circulating InediulI1 ill the hand::; of the Cana-
dian public.
32.- Coinage at th(' (Ufa" &, ßr:ulch of the Ro).al )l1nt in the Calendar 1. ears 191101-20.

1918. 1919. 1920.
Description
of Coins. Struck. Issued. Struck. I
sued. Struck. Issued.
Gold Sover-
1,042
eigns. . . . . . . 106,516 130,7& 135,bMJ - 4
or or or or or or
$518,377 87 636,404 24 $661,326 47 $832,404 40 - $19 47
Gold- S $ S S $ $
Canadian !,5's - - - - - -
$lO's - - - - - -
Silver........ 2,258.744 55 2,402,000 00 3,195,878 ].,3, 25S, 044 1011, 9:?6, 690 85 1,356,000 00
Bronze....... 130,849 83 131,817 00 112,013 471 115,100 00 2
3, 737 79 209,850 00

In addition to the shove coin
es, the follo'\\ing 'Were executed for the Governments of
Newfoundland anù Jamaica:-

1917.
l\en foundland -Silver..... . . . . . . .. . 1240,000
Bronze............. $7,000

1918. 1919. 1920
$ 245,000 1200,000
$3,000 $3,000
1:. s. d. 1:. s. d.
1,515 9 71 2.061, 14 1

J amaica-Cupro-nickel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.-Gold ('oillagt.'s of tht.' Ott:u\a Urallt'll of the Ro)al.:\Iint, 1908-1920.

Year.

Gold. Cold.
Canadian Year. Canadian
Sovereigns. Currency.1 Sovereigns. Currency.1
1:. S $ 1:. S S
636 3,095 20 - 1914.. . 14,891 72,469 53 1,499,575
16,273 79,195 27 - 1915.. . - - -
2ö,012 136,325 07 - 1916.. . 6.111 29,740 20 -
256,946 1,250,470 53 - 1917.. . 58,845 2
6,379 00 -
- - 1,477,710 1918.. . 106,516 518,377 87 -
3,715 18,079 67 1,890,620 1919.. . 135,889 661,326 47 -
1920.. . - - -

1908. ..
1909...
1910...
1911.. .
1912.. .
1913...

IAuthority to issue Canadian gold coins was first conferred in 1910.

3.J.-Canadlan Gold Res('r\{'s, Decem b('r 31, 1905-20.

Year.

British Coin. American Coin. Canadian Coin. Bullion.

1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1908. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1909. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1910............. ....
1911. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18427-38

3,990,717 00
7,375,&57 00
5,366.478 00
6,261,715 00
6,537,227 00
6,30-1,524 30 I
6,900,094 86

S
29,494,298
31,040,149
33,529,889
54,909,076
62,988,474
68,261,279
93,507,764

s

s

222,933 99
222,933 99

594

FINANCE

3l.-Canadian Gold Rrserves, December 31, 1905-2o-concluded.

Year.

British Coin. American Coin. Canadian Coin. Bullion.
S $ $ S
4,554,691 31 98,648,736 650., 185 222,933 99
6,391,374 52 106,642,969 2,118,210 222,933 99
4,482,524 44 86,382,620 3,440,150 320,344 71
29,606,990 36 86,516,595 3,436,095 775,201 36
29,333,111 40 86,034,920 3,426,760 803,002 29
27,476,789 52 77,899,494 3,413,465 11,352,856 02
27,362,254 93 75,785,665 3,411,465 14,701,439 33
27,661,192 36 60,988,110 3,408,310 27,154,222 32
26,728,016 34 35,896,485 3 387 125 35 090 343 77

1912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1913.................. .
1914.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1915.................. .
1916.................. .
1917.................. .
1918.................. .
1919.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35.-Circulation in Canada of Silver and Bronze Coin, December 31,1901-19.

Net Amount of Silver t Amount Net Amount of Bronze Amount
Coin Issued. per Head. Coin Issued. per Head.
Year.
A. B. C. D.
During the Since Col. Col. During Since Co!. Col.
Year. 1858. A. B. the Year. 1858. C D.
--
$ $ cts $ $ $ cts. cts.
1901.. . 420,000 8,279,924 7.8 1.53 41,000 676,429 0.8 11.0
1902.. . 774,000 9,053,924 14.0 1.64 30,000 706,429 0.5 12.8
1903.. . 633,850 9,687,774 11.1 1.70 40,000 746,429 0.7 13.1
1904.. . 350,000 10,037,774 5.9 1.71 25,000 771 , 429 0.4 13.1
1905.. . 450,000 10,487,774 7.4 1.72 20,000 791,429 0.3 13.0
1906.. . 807,461 11,295,235 12.8 1.79 41,000 832,429 0.6 13.2
1907.. . 1,194,000 12,489,235 17.9 1.88 32,000 864,429 0.5 13.0
1908.. . 38,541 12,527,776 0.6 1.80 21,604 886.033 0.3 12.8
1909.. . 648,700 13,176,476 9.0 1.83 39,300 925,333 0.5 12.9
1910.. . 1,151,186 14,327,662 15.4 1.91 42,020 967,353 0.6 12.9
1911.. . 1,343,001 15,670,663 18.6 2.18 54,275 1,021,628 0.8 14.2
1912.. . 1,303,237 16,973,900 17.6 2.29 49,977 1,071,605 0.7 14.4
1913.. . 927,131 17,901,031 12.0 2.31 55,572 1,127,177 0.7 14.5
1914... 626,198 18,527,229 7.8 2.29 35,057 1,162,234 0.4 14.4
1915.. . 61,344 18,588,573 0.8 2.28 50,354 1,212,588 0.6 14.9
1916.. . 1,179,516 19,768,089 14.5 2.43 110,646 1,323,234 1.4 16.3
1917.. . 1,790,941 21,559,030 21.4 2.58 116,800 1,440,034 1.4 17.2
1918.. . 2,329,091 23,888,121 27.1 2.79 131,777 1,571,811 1.5 18.3
1919.. . 3,196,027 27,084,148 36.2 3.06 115,011 1,686,822 1.3 19.1
1920.. . 1,300,702 28,384,850 14.4 3.14 208,961 1,895,783 2.3 21.0

36.-Denominatiolls of Dominion N'otes in Circulation, l\larch 31, 1915-1920.

Denomina-
tions. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ $ $ $ $ $
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 ,825, 811 12,710,797 13,600,27
14,414,114 15,217,261 16,550,738
2............ . 8,410,197 9,216,471 10,441,369 11,356,895 12,161,480 13,238,915
4.... . . . . . . . . . 56,111 47,491 44,251 42,187 39,439 38,299
5... . . . . . . . . . . 3,486,228 2,728,578 3,253,092 4,813,508 4,772,455 3,434,275
50........... . 11 , 750 10,250 10, 150 5,350 4,200 3,950
100.......... . 2,100 2,000 1,600 400 - -
500. . . . . . . . . . . 2,311,500 2,100,000
, 187,500 2,355,500 1,868,500 2,596,000
1,000......... 4,577,000 4,505,000 4,339,000 3,841,000 4,146,000 4,773,000
500 special. . . 224,000 238,500 196,500 174,000 124,500 95,000
1,000 " 1,482,000 1,461,000 1,612,000 1,375,000 992,000 1,159,000
. .
5,000 " 123,830,000 143,975,000 146,450,000 211,230,000 213,505,000 234,105,000
. .
50,000 1 " - - - - 44,000,000 34,650,000
Fractional. . . . 811,645 920,271 1,085,482 1,163,141 1,200,120 1,260,872
Provisional.. . 27,777 27,774 27,769 27,766 27,743 27,743
Total.... . 157,056,119 177,943,132 183,2"8,987 250,798,861 298,058,698 311,932,792

IFirst issue of $50.000 Notes appears in bank statement of September, 1918, amounting
to $5,000,000.

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FINANCE

38.-Statistics of Bank Note Circulation, 1892-1920 1 .

,

"Redemption" Notes in Circulation.
Fund .2
Year. Paid up "Rest" Fund. Deposits with
Capital. Minister of
Finance. Amount. Index No. Per Capita.
$ $ $ $ p.c. $
1892... . 61,626,311 24,511,709 1,314,240 33,788,679 72.5 6.91
1893... . 62,009,346 25,837,753 1,79,0,619 33,811,925 72.6 6.85
1894... . 62,063,371 27,041.232 1,817,511 31,166,003 66.9 6.37
1895. .. . 61,800,700 27.273,494 1,814,089 30,807,041 66.1 6.12
1896... . 62,043,173 26,526,632 1,831,191 31,456,297 67.5 6.18
1897.. . . 62,027,703 27,087,782 1,864,937 34,350,118 73.7 6.68
1898... . 62,571,920 27,627,520 1,938,660 37,873,934 81.3 7.28
1899.. . 63,726,399 28,95g.988 2,033,865 41, 513, 139 89.2 7.89
1900... . 65, 151,594 32,372,395 2,221,128 46,574,780 100.0 8.75
1901. . . . 67,035,615 36,249,145 ,
2,487,541 50,601. 205 108.6 9.36
1902... . 69,869,670 40,212,943 2,832,400 55,412,598 118.9 10.02
1903... . 76,453,125 47,761.536 2,971,260 60,244,072 129.3 10.62
1904... . 79,234,191 52,082,335 3,237,891 61,769,888 132.6 10.60
1905... . 82,655,828 56,474.123 3,448,463 64,025,643 137.5 10.63
1906... . 91,035,604 64,002,266 3,923,531 70,638,870 151.7 11.44
1907. . . . 95,953,732 69,806,892 4,304,524 75,784,482 162.7 12.02
1908... . 96.147.526 72,041,265 4,249,367 71,401,697 153.3 11.00
1909... . 97,329,333 75,887,695 4,317,006 73,943,119 158.8 11.04
1910... . 98.787,929 79,970,346 4,844,475 82,120,303 176.3 11.87
1911.... 103,009,256 88,892,256 5,353,838 89,982,223 193.2 12.57
1912.... 112,730,94
102,090,476 6,211,881 100,146,541 215.0 13.64
1913... . 116,297,729 109,129,393 6,536,341 105,265,336 226.0 13.98
1914... . 114,759,807 113,130,626 6,693,684 104,600,185 224.6 13.54
1915.... 113,982,741 113,020,310 6,756,648 105,137,092 225.7 13.26
1916... . 113,175,353 112,989,541 6,811,213 126,691,913 272.0 15.56
1917. . . . 111,637,755 113,560,99ï 6,324,442 161,029,606 345.7 19.26
1918... . 110,618,504 114,041,500 5,817,646 198,645,254 426.5 23.12
1919.... 115,004,960 121,160,774 6,054,419 218,919,2ßl 470.0 24.78
1920.... 123,617,120 128,756,690 6,122,715 228,800,379 491.3 25.34

IT he statistics in this table are averages computed from monthly returns in each year
2Cash, i.e., gold, or Dominion notes.

Chartered Banks in Canada.-Table 40 affords some measure
of banking progress in Canada. by a cOlnpari
on of the number of
branches at different periods. The nUlllher has grown from 123 at
Confederation to 4,676 as at December 31, 1920, besides 200 branches
in other countries. Table 41 gives the number of branches by prov-
inces as at December 31, 1920, .while Table 42 contains the statistics
of branches of Canadian banks doing business outside of Canada, ali

('L:lfRI:
\ cr ...L\r]) B
tXKI^rG

507

l'xtcn
ioll of Canadian hankin
(Inorp c:--p(\('ially to X('wfoundland
and the \\
c:;t Indies) ,,-hil'h has pro(,l'('dpd very rapidly in reeent
year"l. Tahle 43 shows that the total a
:-\l'ts of th(' charten'd hanks
at l)pC'l'nlL('r 31, lU20, ".ere
3,03ß,970,4B9, a.... (,olnpared ".ith
"'::?,Bö7 ,;r7;
07.') in HH!} T'h.. total liahilities ,,"ere
2,i7
,30
,34 7, a

cOlllparl'd ,,'ith '2,70G,715,9l
in 1019. Dp})ûsits by th(' puhlic
in Canada ,v('re "I,U311,5U-t,230 at Decen1her 31, 1020 (T'ahl(' 44), as
cOlnparcd ,vith 1,
11,17g,
U3 in Inig. On l\Iarl'h ;
l, 1920, thc total
at the cf(.dit of the depo
itor
in the J>o:-\t Ofli{'p :lIHI DonlÌnion Gov-
ernnl{'nt
avings Bank:; wa

42,33-l,812, as conlparcd with "-33,0'>7,-
01b in 1010 (fable 56).
Bank Rescr\"es.-rrhe Bank \.ct contains no spccific provi:-\ions
as to the al110unt of gold to be held either ngainst note rir{'ulation or
the general bu
in('ss of tlH
hank. It rcquirc:-\, howcvl'r, that 40 p.c.
:>f ,vhatpver rC:--l'í\ e a hank finds cxppdient to carry shall be in ])onl-
inion notes. .A :-\l'('olld provi:-\ion in:-\tru('t
the :\Iinister of Fillanl'e
to arrange for the delivery of Don1Ïllioll notes to any hank in l'Àl'hallp;e
for speeie. T'hu<) thp gold rescrve against Don1Ïnion Ilot{'s, to the
extent that the notes are held hy the bank
, is r(':-\l'fve ap;ainsL banking
operation:.-, thl
DOlninion GOVt'rnllH'nt hping the custoùian of the
gold for the hank:,. rfhe other J?;old clement in bank rû:,)l'rvc:-; is
specie in hand. rrhe
uln of the two con::;titutcs the gold ba
is of the
Canadian banking ;:;ysteIIl. In addition to the re
erves above Inen-
tioned the Canadian banks carry three other kinds of a
set "rhich
are regarded a:-3 rc
erves, Leillg funds 1l10re or less iuunediately
ayailaLle for th(' liquidation of liabilitie
. l'het.;e are (1) cash balanees
in banks out...idc of Canada; (2) call and short loans in N e,v York;
and (3) easily Inarketable securities. These are
how'n together
,vith the total and ne1 liabilities in Table 52. III Table 53 the ratio
to net liabilities of each element of the re
erve is
ho\\.n.
Deposits and Loans and Discounts.-The above are the
foundations upon ,vhieh th
banking credit of Canada rests. The
expansion of that crcdit is sho\vn by the figures of deposits and loans
- .
and discounts in Tables 46 and 47. The deposits payable on denland,
with those payable after notice or on a fixed day (Table 46) are
probably a good index of the depo
its ,vhich are su bj ect to cheque,
and which therefore constitute the basi
of credit as circulating
medium, for although notice is required by la,v before the greater
part of these deposits can be withdra,vn this right is seldom or
never clainled, and even savings ac?ounts are chequed against to a
considerable extent.
1 The statistics of Tables 41 and 42 have been furnished by the Canadian Bankers'
Association.

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CURREl\"CY AND BA}.lKIl\
G

59!)

o.-
umber of llranl'bl"
of ßan"'
In ('anada, by l-rO\hlcl'S, IS68, 1902, 190;) and
1915-20.

PrO\ inces. 1868. Hm2. 1905. 1915. 1916 1 . 1917 1 . 1918 1 . 1919 1 1920 1
- - - - - - -
P. E. Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 9 10 17 17 17 24 36 41

ova Scotia..... . . .. . . . . . . . .. 5 89 101 1U
111 119 123 155 16

ew ßruns\\ick..... . . . 4 35 4
79 82 83 84 III 12
Quebec.. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 12 137 lU6 716 784 821 795 1.055 1.15
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 349 549 1,164 1 , 154 1. 169 1.165 1.451 1.58
::\ I ani to ba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 52 û5 204 200 203 254 322 34
Saskatchc"an............ . .... } b7{ 401 413 441 506 581 59
- 30
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 247 267 307 408 42
.
British Columbia.... . . . . . . . . . 2 46 55 208 187 183 179 215 24
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 3 3 3 3 3 3
- - - - - - - -
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 7-17 1,1-15 3,159 3,1911 t 30G 13,UO ('33' 4,67

9

1

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6

9

1

4

2

3

6

Ilncludes sub-agencies for receiving deposits for the Banks employing them

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42.-' umb..'r of Ur<illch...s of ("anadlan ('''<irt('r('d Uank" III other countries "UIt
tlu'ir lo(.ation, Uccemh('r 31, 1920.

.

Banko; and Location.

Branches.

Banks and Location.

Branches.

Bank of )Iontrcal:-

Great Britain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States... .... ... .. . .. .
}' rance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

e" foundland... .. . . . . . . . . . . .

exico. . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . .

Bank of Nova Scotia:-

Kewfoundland.......... - - - . -.
Jamaica. . . . . _ .....
L"nited States...... ..... ....
Porto Rico.. . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dominiean Republic.... ..... .
En
land (London)............ .
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . .

Banque Xationale:-
France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:Merchants Bank:-

England (London)............
United Statt.'s (:
ew York)...

Union Bank:-

England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States....... ....... . .

Xo. No.
Canadian Bank of Commerce:-
2 1 X e\\ Coundland. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 United
tat{'
... .. ... . . . . .. .. 4
1 Great Britain, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
8 St. Pierre Miquelon.......... . 1
1 'I ex i co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Barbado::;. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Jalnaica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
27 2
12 1 Royal Bank:-
3
3 Cuba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2 B. W. Indies................. 19 1
1 ì\p\\Coundland.............. . 11 1
1 Dominican Republic.. .. . . .. . 6
, enezuela. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
J>orto Rico........ . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
British Guiana....... . . . . . . . . 3
1 llaiti. . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Martinique........ .. . . .. . . .. . 2
Guadeloupe... .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . 2
Arp;pn tinf' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Briti:;h Honduras... . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Cololn bia. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 Costa Rica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
'(; ruguay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

. 1

pain.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United States....... . .. . . . . . . 1
Great Britain. .. .... . . .. ... . . . 1
2 France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1
Dominion Bank:-
England (London)......... . . . 1
United States (New York)... 1
Total.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

. lIncludes 1 sub-agenc
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604

FIN A1\TCE

45.-General Statement of Chartered Banks for the Calendar Tears 1916-20.

Items. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ $ $ $
Capital paid up........ . ... 113,175,353 111,637,755 110,618,504 115,004,960 123,617,120
Notes in circulation.. . . . . . 126,691,913 161,029,606 198,645,254 218,919,261 228,800,379
Total on deposit l ... . .... . . 1,418,035,429 1,643,203,020 1,912,395,780 2,189,428,885 2,438,079,792
Discounts to the people... . 1,135,866,531 1,219,161,252 1,339,660,669 1,552,971,202 1,935,449,637

Liabilities 2 ...... . . . . . .. . .. 1,596,905,337 1,866,228,2362,184,359,8202,495,582,5682,784,068,698
Assets. . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . .. 1,839,286,7092,111,559,5552,432,331,418 2,754,568,118 3,064,133,843

NOTE.-The statistics in this table are averages computed from the monthly returns
in each year. 1lncluding deposits of Federal and Provincial Governments and including
amounts deposited elsewhere than in Canada. 2Excluding capital and rest or reserve fund.

. - Dep csits in Chartered Banks in Canada and Elsewhere, for the Calendar Years
1916-1920.

Items. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ S $ S
Deposits by the public of
Canada-
Payable on demand. . . 428.717,781 468,049,790 587,342,904 621,676,065 653,862,869
Payable after notice or 780,842,383 928,271,838 "966,341,499 1,125,202,403 1,239,308.076
on a fixed day.......
Deposits elsewhere than in 155,603,314 178,098,526 206,065,621 238,731,784 335,164,532
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balances due to Dominion
and Provincial Govern-
ments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,871,951 68,782,866 152,645,756 203,818,633 209,744,315
Total Deposits. . . . . .. 1,418,03S,429 1,6l3,203,020 1,912,395,780 i 2, 189,i28,8S5 2,438,079,792
I

NOTE.-The statistics in this table are averages computed from monthly returns in
each year.

CURRR
\Y(ry tXU U
tXKl
VG

60:;

,17.- Ubcuunb of <-'bartered Hanks In {'anada and else" here, for the Calendar \. ('ars
1916-19.)0.

Itelll s.

1916.

1917.

1918.

1919.

1920.

Call and short loans on S S S S $

tocks and bonds in
Canad.................... 85,386,829 75,246,096 77,555,41û 96,673,179 118,956,035
Call and short loans pI&..'-
"here than in {'anada... 164, 7R6, 760 157,4
0,643 162,333,308 163,227,204 200,098,050
Current loans in Cam..da 1 .. 806,332,074 1 SS3,669,377 982,822,2031,140,395,9771,410,602,684
Current loans ('bewhere I
than in Canada.......... 64,h57,403 1 91,720,519 106,913,067 140,200,101 186,891,995
Loans to goyernments..... 8,0l4,09
5, 703,640 5,2J6,59
8,214,314 13,945,219
Overduedl'bt:;............ 6,4S9,3731 5,390,977 4,SOO,OS
4,260,427 4,955,654
Total disl'ounts of hanks,) 13.'i.!o\bti .')31'.
.9 161 tã2t,3.s:J 6bO,669 1 t 5.')2,971.202 1 1.935,4.9.631
I I I

NOTE.-The statistics in this table arc averages computed from monthly returns in
each :Yl'ar.
Ilndudes loans to Cities, Towns, Municipalities and School Districts.

.j
.- \SS('t'\ of ('hart('r('d Ranks for the l.'alendar 1. ears 1917-19
O.1

(' hC'd ule.

1917.

1918.

1919.

1920.

Balances dUL from agC'ncies of the banks
or from other banks or agC'ncies in thp
enited Ki
dom.... .............. 17,bõ5,64ð 10,973,606 12,359,426 17,669,923
Balances due from agencies of chartered
banks or ag;encieM elsewh('f(' than in
Canada and the United I\.ingdom.... .13,021,952 47,419,961 50,904,693 62,100,182
Bank premises......................... 50,4:>0,491 52,605,314 54,499,498 58,111,876
Call and short loans on stocks and bond

in Canada... _:.... ......... ..... 75,246,096 77,555,410 96,673,179 118,956,035
Call and short loans else" here than in
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....
Current loans in Canada!..... .........
Current loans elsewhere than in Canada
Deposit in central gold reserves. . . .. . . .
Deposits made with and balances due
from other banks in Canada. . . ... . . . .
Depo
it:; "ith Dominion Government
for security of note circulation..... . . . 6,324,442 5,817,646 6,054,419 6,122,715
Dominionnotes..................... .. 136,704,316 178,308,722 176,744,958 177,990,416
Dominion and provincial government
securitie
. .. ..................... 131,078,854 162,821,026 214,621,625 120,356,255
Loans to goyernments.,................ 5,703,fi.10 5,236,593 8,214,314 13,945,219
:Mortgages on real estate sold by banks. 1,804,311 1,941,736 2,354,169 2,679,975
Municipal securities in Canada and
public seeurtties elsewhere than in
Canada.............................. 183,341,125 252,936,568 256,270,715 210,826,991
Ì\otes of and cheques on other banks... 94,963,354 112,260,404 132,538,353 175,917,505
Overdue debts...... .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. , . 5,390,977 4,800,088 4,260,427 4,955,654
Railway and other bonds, debentures
and stocks........................... 58,958,908 56,103,418 54,429,301 48,031,228
Real estate other than bank premises.. 5,691,900 5,629,595 5,835,339 4,781,361
Specie................................. 73,771,084 1 78,347,452 81,351,598 81,471,916
Othera
sets........................... 17,787,330 26,980,123 35,130,267 49,223,321
Total a
scts ............,..... 2.111.559,5a5 2,:132,331,.J.l
2,751,568,118 3,061,133,843

S

S

S

s

157,4:30,64
162,333,308 16
,227,204 200,098,050
81"3,669,377 9R2,822,2031,140,395,9771,410,602,684
91,720,519 106,913,067 140,200, 101 186,891
995
54,914,167 95,106,667 112,679,167 107,702,722

5,700,421

5,418,511

5,82
,388

5,697,820

IThe statistics in this table are averages computed from monthly returns in each year.
21ncludes loans to Cities, Towns, Municipalities and School Districts.

,

606

FINA4VCE

49.-Liabilities of Chartered Banks for the Calendar Years 1917-1920 1 .

Schedule.

1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ $ $
111,637,755 110,618,504 115,004,960 123,617,120
113,560,997 114, 041, 500 121,160,774 128,756,690
225,198,752 224,660,004 236,165,734 252,313,810
3,174,754 4,460,369 5,908,764 7,057,506
22,187,475 26,737,157 29,901,770 40,380,320
47,933,871 132,889,924 181,768,998 188,360,129
20,848,996 19,755,832 22,049,660 21,384,185
468,049,790 587,342,904 621,676,065 653,862,869
928,271,838 966,341,499 1,125,202,403 1,239,308,076

8,689,741 9,386,432 10,641,494 11,830,949
178,098,526 206,065,621 238,731,784 335,164,532
161,029,606 198,645,254 218,919,261 228,800,379
27,943,639 32,734,828 40,782,369 57,919,753
1,866,228,236 2,184,359,820 2,495,582,568 2,784,068,698
2,091,426,988 2,409,019,824 2,731,7,18,302 3,836,442,508
20,132,567 23,311,594 22,819,816 27,691,335

Liabilities to shareholders-
Capital paid up......................

Rest or reserve fund. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other liabilities-
Balances due to agencies of Canadian
banks, or to other banks or agencies
in the United Kingdom..............
Balances due to agencies of Canadian
banks, or to other banks or agencies
elsewhere than in Canada and the
U ni ted Kingdom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Balance due to Dominion Govern-
ment after deducting advances for
credits, pay lists, etc...... . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance due to provincial govern-
men ts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deposits by the pu blic payable on
demand in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deposits by the public payable after
notice or on a fixed day in Canada... .
Deposits made by and balances due
to other banks in Canada.. . . . . . . . . . .
Deposits elsewhere than in Canada.....
Notes in circulation....................

Liabilities not included under fore-
going heads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TotalliabUitles to shareholders and
other liabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Excess of assets over all liabilities-
undivided profits not included....... .

IThe statistics in this table are averages computed from monthly returns in each year.

GUHRfJ'.vcr _lXD BA.VKLYG

ß07

50. \mount or F.\('hancrl's of thl' (ll'arlnt: Jlousl
s of ('harh'rl.'d Uanks. 1916-19
O.1

Cities.

1916.

1917.

HHS.

1919.

19
O.

s s S S $
Calgary........ . :?:
3,m
7, 671 34S, lìß:\, 4:?61 3
1,334,577 335,01l,3:?5 4

,073, 277
Edmonton...... 114,743,913 1 142,1;06,772 1 171,01.'),06G 233,o(ìG,7
4 2fH,R73,3ü1
Halifax......... 125,mI7,

1 151,S12, 7')
1 215,:?s

,303 241,300, 194
5t,677,40

Hamilton... :?OO,Sl1,08ÎI 244,401,3:
9 :?ô2, 076, 47ti 30G,370,
IG6 3S0, 733,9GO
London.. . 100,mJO,.3GO 1l2,ôô4,20Î. 176,
I!)S,350 164, 12G,85G 192,157,fl69

Iontrcal........ 3,715,12.3,744 1 4. IS'\,:?'),;, 210' 4,h3:),
124,28-t 6,251,7s1,S
I:
7,1O
),1
9,mS
Otta\\a. .. 2ül,04
J,.)HU 2
n,I
17,71:3 :
.37,.3U8,7511 472,Wl,
121 515,006,231
Qu('bf'c.......... IH2,1ü3,703; 21:
,.30.3,OP3 :?:
"",906,8
m 290,983,4

:
()4,5Sn,3ü1

t.John, K.B...
)0,
}4G,7H.3 1 tn2,H4s,SI-l 117,133,G08 151,319,0!13 176,672,3S9
Toronto......... :?,;)71,533,61:
3,004,7
5,3().313,379,8G-1,506 4,
51,GH,303 5,410,214,802
Vancouw'r, B.C. 321,!)
,;, 7:)6i 41U,GlO,
!I\ .34.3,3ô",714 6.34,913,2(15
46,540, 13G
Yietolia, B.C... Rl,2'ìl,I.')4 84,b22,2lü, 101,471,832 123,:3.')1,343 145,707,106
Winnip('g........ 2,t)tH,7
}.),25; 1 2,Û22,
}24,702 2,3(ì2,734,211 2,:H(),724,06:
3,015,703,999
Hf'J,!:ina...... 124,34J.581 16!I,SOO,1131 lS4,û24,û:?9 21O,S!Jb,9
9 2:n,070,26S

a:--katoon....... ()
,:31t), 154;
J4, 173,Cti';j 91,4:H,8
3 10.3,8M.I,,;R4 l1S,.30:3, 076

Ioof'da.w....... 52,!J71,442 1 (H,896,741 1 78,425,563 b6,447, 625 94,624,910
Total .. .. to.31.i.1'oi.);
.9 0 12;!57 .068.537113.-I-IS.15
.GG3 16;
16,51S.G
9 19,.;SS.337 ;
Si)
I I I I

IFroJll Bradstreet's.

5t.-){rsrr\e or Urst }'und held It) ('harh'rNI ßan
s It) months. 1911-1920.

Ionth!".

I 1911. 1912. HH3. 1914. 1915.
S ... S
$
84, 3.1)6, 1O
flS, 101, 5
1.3 107,200,548 112,401,141 113,227,654

4, 766, ();
3
18, 721,502 107,514,405 112, 67!), 074 113,227,()54
S4,S!n,710 mJ, 234, 481 107, 90:J, 491 112,706,350 113,227,654

5,213,740 100,63
,290 lOS, 414, 337 113,287,200 113,327,654
86, 6!)Q, 829 100.8;8,84
108, fiSl, 230 113,346,113 113,060,988
ð6, 943,135 101,031,186 108,732,561 113,36S, 898 l1:J, 060, 988
88,352,064 101,735,4S2 108,953,833 113,381,526 l1:J, 060,988
S!},3:?4,728 102,751,441 109,1H4,211 113,382,911 113, 060, 988
flO, 181,949 104,301, 411 109,358,445 113,385,761 113,061,008
93.418,824 104,639,396 1 109,624,776 113,392,374 112,752,333
95, mm, 232 L06, 212,072 111,8.30,862 113,165,307 112,718,473
96,86
, 124 106,840,0071 112,118,016 113, 070 f 859 112,457,333
9') 1)-6 1
'1'oi,
....,...i) 102.099,476 109.129.393 113.130.626 113,020,310
1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
112, 4.j7, 333 113,337,875 114,161,223 116,129,225 124,724,985
112,457,333 113,351,648 114,163,908 116,870,214 124,925,000
113,0:?2, 933 113,371,85b 114,176,008 117,433,322 124,925,000
113,122,933 113, 48.3, 9m 114,329,718 119,799,736 126,475,000
113,022,933 113,493,033 114,333,518 121,126,066 128,575,000
113,022,933 113,4f14, 533 114, 344, 068 122,124,261 128,675,000
113,022,933 113,499.203 114,140,14b 122,230,372 130,027,965
113,022,933 113,515,103 114,1-11,248 122,273,225 130,182,660
113,022,933 113,517,153 114,142,333 123,041,750 130,325,640
113,022,933 113,518,213 111,12';,000 123,477,561 130,413,330
113, 293, 018 114,046,753 113, 42.j,000 124,710,890 132,782,190
113,383,343 114,100,693 116,015,825 124,712,670 133,048,505
112,9"'9,5-11 113.560,997 lU,OU.500 1 121,160,774, 128,756,690

Januarv. . . . . . . . . . . .
Fcbruãry. . . . . .
March. ..........
.-\ pril. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
June. .. ...............
July. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
August. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p.('ptem her. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Octob('r. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ovem b('r . . . . .
Decem b('r .

Jlonthly a\rrafY'rs.

January... _. . . . . . . . . . . . .
February... . _ .. .. .. .. ....

larch. . . . . _ . . . . . . _ . . . . . . .
April.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lay . . . . . . . . . . . _ _... _ _ . . .
June. . . . . .
July. . .. . . . . .
August. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Septem ber. . . . . . . _
October. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .
N ovcm ber . . . . . . . . . .
Decem ber.

IUonthIy a\erages. . . .

.

608

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CCRRE.YCY A YD ß
LVKIJ.VG

G09

.i3.-ltatio 01 Uauk Ut.
ent.s to Xct I
lablllth's, 1
:J'!-19'!0.

Ca
h due from Call and short
Year. Cash on hand. banks outside loa.ns else- . Sccurities. Total
of Canada. where than Reservcs.
in Canada.
p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c. p.c.
1
!)2. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.8 11.3 - 8.9 2U'0
IS93........... .. 9.4 9.5 -
.7 27.6
IS!)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 10.4 - 10.1 30.9
IS95. . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.4 12.6 - 9.8 32.8
IS!)l!. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 10.8 - 10.5 31.2
1
97 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 13.6 - 11.9 35.8
1
!t8. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 12.1 - 14.2 35.6
]
99 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.7 11.7 - 11.8 32.2
1900. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 6.5 - 12.2 27.1
1901 .. . . . . . . .. . . . 8.0. 4.5 10.0 13.5 36.0
1!}02 . . . . . . . . .. . . . 7.9 4.4 10.2 13.1 35.6
190:1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.{) 4.0 7.7 13.0 a:3.6
1904. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 4.5 7.7 12.1 33.7
1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 4.9 8.6 11.3 34.3
1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 3.7 8.7 10.4 31.7
1907. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 2.9 7.2 9.7 29.3
1905 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 5.5 8.3 9.9 34.8
1909 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 5.0 14.2 9.9 40.4
HHO....... 10.7 4.8 11.5 9.5 36.5
un!. . .. .. . .. . . 11.5 4.8 8.7 g.o 34.0
1!H2. . . .. . . . . . 11.3 4.2 8.9 8.1 32.5
1913. . . . . . . . . 11.1 3.4 8.1 8.5 31.1
H1l4. . .. .. . . . . . 12.8 3.9 9.0 8.2 33.9
HH5 . . . . . . . . . . 15.4 5.0 9.2 9.1 38.7
1916.. ...... .. . . . 13.7 6.4 10.8 14.2 45.1
1917............ . 11.9 4.0 8.9 21.1 45.9
191
..... ... . . . . . 12.4 2.8 7.8 22.8 45.8
1919............. 10.9 2.7 6.9 22.2 42.7
1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.9 3.1 7.7 14.5 35.2

5-1.-Buslness of till' I-ost OftlCt'
a,ings ßanks, fls('a) )('ars 1916-t9
O.

I terns. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Savings banks........ . No. 1,289 1,312 1,31
1,328 1,323
Deposits.... . . . . . . . ... . . .$ 8,539,742 11,974,434 11,791,967 12,593.190 10,003,068
Trans{crrcd from Govern-
ment S.B. to Post Office
S.B................... '
I 2g:;, 100 91,649 174, 143 184,303
Interest on deposits. ......
I 1,160,08:1 1,206,528 1,244,578 1,208,559 1,056,545
T!?tal cash and interest.. .!, 9,9g4,925 13,180,962 13,128,194 13,975,8U2 11,243,916
Withdrawals..... .. . . . _ .. 9, 9bl, 913 10,606,901 14,427,194 13,604,411 21,293,282
At credit of open accts.. .
: 40,008,418 42,582,479 41,283,479 41,654,960 31,605,594
Open accounts...... . Ko. 134,345 135,142 125,735 116,541 97,154
65.- Business of the Dominion Gmernmcnt 8a\Ïn
Banks, fiscal ) ears 1916-1920.

I terns. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ S $ $ $
Deposi ts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,904,392 2,135,601 2,048,469 2,344,918 2,378.600
Interest on deposits....... . 407,148 395,447 382,151 340,378 319,800
Total cash and interest. . .. 2,311,540 2,531,048 2,430,620 2,6B5,296 2.698.400
Withdrawals... . . . . . . . . . . . 2,797,843 2.417.293 3,886,947 3,460,481 3.371,280
At credit of depositors..... 13,519,855 13,633,610 12,177,283 11,402,098 10,729,218

18427-39

610

FI:VANCE

õ6.-Total Business of Post Office and Dominion Government Sa\Ïngs Banks, flsca
years 1916-1920.

I terns. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ $ $ $
Deposits.... .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 10,739,234 14,110,035 13,932,085 15,112,251 12,565,971
Interest on deposits........ 1,567,231 1,601,975 1,626,729 1,548,937 1,376,345
Total cash and interest.... 12,306,465 15,712,010 15,558,814 16,661,188 13,942,316
Withdrawals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,779,756 13,024,194 18,314,141 17,064,892 24,654,562
At credit of depositors..... 53,528,273 56,216,089 53,460,762 53,057,058 42,334,812

LOAN
AND TRUST COMPANIES.
Loan and Trust Companies.-Up to and including the year
1913 tables 'were given in the Year Book of the assets and liabilities,
,vith conlparative figures for a series of years, of loan companies and
building societies. These tables were taken from the "
\.nnual
Report of the Affairs of Building Societies, Loan and Trust COlnpanies
in the Dominion of Canada," as issued by the Department of Finance.
The statistics in this Report ,vere COIn piled by the Department of
Finance partly from the stateIl1ents required to be furnished under
legisla tion of the DonlÌnion Parliament and partly from returns
voluntarily nlade by corporations operating under provincial charters.
The la,vs relating to loan and trust companies incorporated by Act::;
of the Parlialnent of Canada ,vere reviRed by the Loan and Trust
Companies Acts of 1914 (4-5 UfO. 'V, cc. 40 and 55), and since the
pa.ssing of thEse Acts the ....\nnual I
eport iBsued by the Department
of Finance up to and including the year 1913 has been replaced by

ó1.-Llabilities and Assets of Loan Companies, 1914-1919.

LIABILITIES.

Year.

Debentures Deposits
Capital Reserve Other Total
paid up Fund. payable payable Stock payable payable liabilities liabilities.
in cash. in else- issued on after
Canada. where. demand. notice.
S $ S $ I S S $ $
19,238,512 9,374,363 6,688,124 22,745,770 1,296,480 5,611,174 2,492,898 3,140,770 70,588,091
19,401,856 9,878,266 6,764,836 22,2ìÜ, 861 1,390,869 5,471,355 3,721,839 3,083,784 71,992,666
19,673,934 10,319,176 6,889,946 20,101,111 1,447,205 5,618,554 3,369,166 3,453,207 70,872,29ì
19,813,217 10,705,215 7,075,081 18,270,163 1,509,491 5,824,112 3,110,713 3,371,201 69.679,193
19,945,858 10,93,8,193 7,442,982 17,767,685 1,543,566 4,885,038 2,917,501 4,554,401 69,995,224
20,191,612 11,923,234 7,765,614 17,8!J4,509 1,595,780 6,201.947 3,145,149 5,,802,176 74,520,021

1914.. ..
1915....
1916... .
1917....
1918... .
1919... .

LO
1S' LYD TRUSr CO\lPANIES

611

57.- L1 bllltl,-s and As..('t
of Loan Companies, l'U-1tlf-conduded.
.\ I..;"'ETS.

IÃ'Jlt upon and invested in
Lent CMh
on mort- Govern- on Intcrest Other Total
\ e.lr. gl
e8 ftnù m('nt, rnu- Roncl
:-:tod,s Imnrl due. Assets. Assets.
hypo- nicipaland af incorpo- of inc.orpo- Bank and in
thequl's.
chool. ratPd rated stocks. banks.
securitie8 companit'
compani('

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ I $
19H. ... 53,710,084 775,783 1,162,442 7.659,052 1,069,317 3,220.803 591,443 2,399,167 iO,5
8,091
HIl,). ... 52.
07, 3.')7 1 , 48:J, 6,'J.'i 2,062,710 7,314,t-O.J 1,019,702 3,993.00-1 679,966 2.631.489 71,992,666
191ti.... 51, H81. 92b 2,305,361 2,503,354 6,421.:H3 569.166 3.241,053 6kl,246 3,168. k4S 70,872,297
1917.... 49,722,872 2,618,6
1j 2,6:J0.620 6,347, bfll 527,5341 3,478.220 751,475 3,608,920 69.676,223
191
. ." t
.293,9

4, ð.')2, :!!Il 2,3t)3,b02 6, 3!12, 8.)() .379.34' 3.112:J,
9 524.664 3.96-1.253 69.9U5,031
HH
.... 47,309,298 9,273,011 2,674,265 6,94
,763 524,65', 2,b38,636 261,810 4, 6
g. .)
2 74,520,021

"
\nnual
taH'nlellts of thf' loan Hl:d rrru
t ('onJpalli(':-\ incorporated
bv Art
of thp 1 arlianH'nt of (':lllada." 'rahlc
57 and 58 sho". tlH'rp-
fòre th(\ linhiliti(':-\ and n:-\
('t
of tlH' loan :ind tru:-\t cOlllpanie
as
COJllpilf'd frolH the I'tatl'IlH'llt:-\ furni
lH'd to th(' j)('partlllcnt of Insur-
alH'p. 1"'hcy r<'lat.e to 14 loan and 1 () trust ('01l1 pani('s, and do not
include cunlpanips Of
oci(\tip
operating HIllier prUyillCial charter
.
lTndpr Chapter:' 1-1 and 2l of thp :jt
ltute'5 of H}:!J (10-11 Ueo. \YO, chaps.
1-1 and 21) a sY"itenlatic annual inc;pection of thc atfairs of thesp
eOlllpanip::.; ,vill hl'fpafh'r be Inadp by th(' ])epartnH'llt of In:-\urance.

-'.- UablliUt: and b
et" 01 Trust Companle
. 19U-191'.
LL\131LITU:S.

Liabilities to I:;hareholders. Liubilities to the Public.
Total Tru
t Estate Total
\ ear. Other Ot her liabiliti
Money in funili! for trusts and liabili ties
Capi tal Re
erve liabiliti
liabilities. oCthe trust Cor invcst- agcncies to the
puid up Fund. to :-\hare- companies invest- mentguar- under public.
in cash. holders mente antced. adminis-
tration.
$ S S $ $ $ $ $ S
1914... . 6,051. H6 2,541,413 202,427 r, 94
, 414 10,74:3,400 2,552,455 5,998,013 29,832,343 38,392,811
1915. .. . 5,307,128 1,159.479 23.3, 738 6U6, 005 7,306,350 3,113,170 6,613,929 31,002,934 40,730.033
1916... . 5,673,670 1,245,589 2S7,214 620,470 7,826,943 3,799,149 6.606,169 36,756,902 47,162,220
HH7.. .. 5,297,130 1.275,7S9 3.')2,153 731,22U 7,656,292 3,44:3,682 7,706,2ï6 38,141,389 49,291,347
1918... . 6.266,203 1.477,617 415,938 676,379 8,836,137 5,170,463 7,572,916 56,194,857 öb,938,236
1919... . 7,35b,474, 1,64J,464 391,625 616,378 10,007,941 5,234,500 7,470,172 52,084.0-17 64,788,719

A
:-;ETS.

Govern.
on real on real I ment, mu-
estate e::.tate n tock on
ecuri- nicipaland

ecured other than, 0 C in r

ies oC I3cb
<?1
by mort- on first
ra
d lDcor- SecurItIes
gage and mortgages m"
porated o\\ned.
hypo- or h} po- co pam companie8
theq ues. tbeq UC:!.

Cash
on
hand
and in
banks.

Market
value
of real All
estate, other Total
govern- assets assets
ment beJonging oC the
securi ties, to the companies
etc., over companies
book
value

Loans

lear.

s S $ S $ S $ S S
1914... . 5,1h9,i97 113,095 303,939 25J,686 787,400 179,928 879,039 3,033,756 10,740,640
1915... . 3,972,520 102,395 110,692 536,832 876,760 172.448 5,181 1,529,522 7,306,3fiO
1916... . 3,906,986 544,747 94,904- 279,488 1,116,110 266,964 32,231 1,585,513 7,826,943
1917.. .. 3,993,4ö4 297,3b7 30,940 222,ð41 1,145,
H5 173,130 3,331 1,789,364 7,656,292
1918... . 3,933,962 101,784 62,337 232,135 1,839,000 724,689 5,865 1,936,365 8,836,137
1919. 4,432,455 557,171 184,180 312,5h9 2,170,618 706,763 8,392 1,635,773 10.007,941
1&12;-391

612

FINANCE

59.-Investments on Trust Account, 1914-1919.

Investments on Trust Account. Holdings
Vnin
First Govern-
mortgages ment
- and hypo- securities Other Invest-
theq ues direct Canadian securities ments Cash
upon or guar- municipal author- other in hand
improyed anteed bonds ized than and in
freehold in and and de- by fore- banks.
property outside bentm es. terms of going.
outside of trust.
of Canada Canada.
$ $ $ S S S
20,000 238,200 2,182,345 6,344,875 6,839,172 870,994
3,870,474 511,824 3,702,963 5,804,827 5,901,214 778,473
- 716,877 4,124,956 11,464,750 1,935,357 2,661,481
- 1,356,108 5,351,349 12,402,509 1,844,718 1,351,416
- 1,881,629 7,951,431 11,932,270 3,496,477 2,027,618
- 1,947,485 9,446,079 15,448,913 3,807,651 2,694,454

First
mortgages
and hypo
Year. theq ues
upon
improved
freehold
property
in
Canada.

S
1914....13,238,642
1915.... 8,397,041
1916.... 9,273,771
1917.... 9,251,407
1918.... 9,314,279
1919.... 10,950,249

as Trustee
vested.

Total
Uninvest- invest-
ed and ments on
unrealized Trust
trust Account.
or
agency
assets.

$

$

8,658,58338,392,811
11,763,21740,730,033
17,492,051 47,669,243
17,733,84049,291,347
32,334,53268,938,236
28,838,18673,133,017

COMMERCIAL FAILURES.

Commercial Failures in Canada, 1920.-According to Brad-
street's of January 8, 1921:, the total nUlnber of Canadian failures
reported during the calendar year 1923 was 985, with liabilities of
$20,744,774 in 1920, as against 625, ,vjth liabilities of $10,095,232 in
1919. In number there was an increase in 1920 of 57.60 p.c., as
compared with 1919, while the liabilities increased by over 51 p.c.
Dun's Bulletin of the same date gives the total number of Canadian
insolvencies in 1920 as 1,078, as cOlllpared .with 755 in 1919, whilst
liabilities reached in 1920 the total of $25,494,301, as compared with
$16,256,259 in 1919. Tables 60 and 62 give the statistics froin both
authorities, those from Bradstreet's (Table 60) being classified by
provinces for the calendar years 1919 and 1920 and those for Dun's
Bulletin, including Newfoundland, being classified by branches of
business for the calendar years 1918 to 1920 (Table 61) and by classes
and provinces for the calendar year 1920 with totals for the years
1908 to 1919, including Ne,vfoundland (Table 62)., An analysis by
cause of the failures for 1919 and 1920 is given in Table 63
(Bradstreet's) .

rOJIJIEU ""IAL FAILUR/
S

613

60. <';oll1l11t'r<'I:al.. :aiJurt's In ('an:ula b) PrO\ irl(,(,
. for the c'.lendar ) ears 1919 and
J9
O.
I'rom Bradstreet's.]
No. or
Failure
. A

cts. Liabilities.

Provinces.
1919. 1920. 1919. 1920. 1919. 1920.
S S S S
Prince Ed" ard Isla.nd. . . . 1 110,038 I
"'\ova
('otia....... . . . 21 44 56,014 99,5R6 2
5,654
X ew Brumm ick. 10 14 4S,:?S
30,4.30 74,5l-! 57,900
Qucbec. ..... . . . . . . . . 2,37 3"'') 3, O
)f), Ihû 5,V24,472 5,231,007 11, 7l:J, 162
1-
Ontario. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 236 627, 12,3 1 , 950, 5.3:J 1,4 71,
}72 4,O(j
,Ü24
)lanitoba... ... . . . . . . . . . . . 56 99 18:J,S
,3 S
5,817 495,710 1,64S,261
:-;a
katl'hc" an... 61 106
27,617 505, O:J:J 577,611 937,97J

\Ibcrta............ .. 30 46 Ill, 150 51
,4r() 24s, 52,") RI6,5UO
Briti
h Columbia........ . 38 6
6:W,2(j) 56:', ().")O 1,896,304 1, 221, 700
- -
('anad:1 . . . 6.!.) !I
.) 5 O
!', .):t . lU, IS
, n;
10,f ,1.),".;3'

U. 7 Ii, 77 t

61. - ('oDlDlenial }'ailures In ('an.,da h) Jlralu'hes of nu
iness, 1918-1920.
From Dun's Bulletin.]

Cla"':,cs.

1920.

Ianufa('turers-
Iron and J-'oundrÏl's. .
::\lachinpry anù To()l
.
Woollens, rarpf'ts, f'tc.
('otton, Ho
ipry, ett" . .
I umhpr, ('aT}Wntpl"s...
('lot hin
,
I iIIinNY . . .
Hats. Glovps and Furs..... ..
('hpl1licals and Drugs.... .
Printing and Ellgra\ ing. ... . . .
::\Iilling and Rakers. . . .
Lputhpr, :,hops, ('t(.....
I
iquor:- and Tohacco. . .
Gla
:', J:arthell\\are...........

-\ll other......

4
21
1
1
38
34
3
2
9
30
6
4
5
74

191
. 1919.
'um-
Liabili tics. ber. Liabilitie
.
! S
4:
.3 , 000 3 I,S04,SOO
1,8ü7,U33 15 2,807,930
500 - -
3,500 3 153,000
2,C5ß,140 32 1,578,1ü9
lR3,6U2 2
343,t'54
41, 104 5 51,500
75,7R5 7 ü
,4n
5:J, 200 9 514,900
147,121 16 143,712
55,6
3 10 325,435
12.=>,81 g 5 106,725
656,
(,7 5 160,S7S
2,548,013 75 2,175,S83
--
8,2IS,b07 213 10,
3-1.-I77
S $
f66,3
4 h,) g66,344
9k7, 742 17J 1 ,
6
, 48.=>
3
9,414 JO 79,906
51, 103 16 25,S02
4S2,91S 38 208,452
4('6,209 29 4
9,854
174,4!}4 25 244,990
123, 92,
7 74,146
2:J,
, 576 2
404,851
100,9R9 4 36,710
1, 800 - -
70,935 9 58,408
20ü, 026 3 13,810
7,8:11 1 2.3, 000
931,051 45 543,870
5,1-12,397 49-1 -:I,.t75,628
1,111.
ì3 48 1,5-16,15-1
1-1,502,"77 755 16,'.!56,259

I
'um-
ber.

Total Jlanufat'ttut'rs.... .1 2:
"!

Trader:t-
General
tores...... . .
Gro(,l'ril"
and ::\Ipats....
Hotl'ls, He:-tauranb.
Liquors and Tobacco. ._
Clothing, Furni.;;hing......
Dry Goods and Carpet
_. ...
Shocs, Rubbers, and Trunks..
Furniturp, C'rockpf).. . . . . . .
Hardwarc, Stoves, and Tools.
Chpmicals and Drugs..
Paints and Oils... . .
Jewellery and Clof'ks. .
Books and Papers. . _ . . .
Hats, Furs and Gloves.... . . . .
All othpr.

Total Traders.
.-\gl'nts and Brokers..
Total

93
192
38
18
,35
33
34
12
18
12
1
15
3
1
65

590

51

X OTE.- The failures in Table 61 indude those or I\ e" íoundland.

8ì3

Num-
ber.

1,078

l.iabilities.

3
20

$
115,011
4,046,847

26
53
10
2
7
22
9
5
2
96

1,034,253
3,OUü,484
170,834
19,000
499,900
1,180,602
2S7,116

91, 000
9,658
5,117,511

255

15,S71,216

171
2.=>9
49
13
60
43
31
8
23
7
8
4
4
91

$
2,997,633
1,634,916
I:J8, 497
34,812
703, 548
436,611
27
,912
77, 311
310,697
32,500
48,904
12,100
99,836
897,228

771

7,70-1,505
2,918,580
26,-:19-1,301

5'?

614

FINANCE

62.-Commereial Failures in Canada, by Pro\ inees and Classes, for 1920, with totals
for 1908-1919. [From Dun's Review.]

Total Commercial. Manufacturing.
Provinces.
Num- Num

ber. Assets. LiabiHties. ber. Liabilities.
$ $ 5
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Nova Scotia.......................... 50 110,174 367,264 8 76,070
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 73,507 105,898 2 20,000
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 8,105,336 13,428,420 102 8,495,163
Ontario... . . . . . , . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 5,562,541 6,689,284 84 5,590,056
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 938,149 961,543 14 397,091
Saskatchewan....... ............... .., 117 926,839 1,075,471 8 21 , 462
Alberta... . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 633,030 455,068 8 83,800
British Columbia. .......... .. ........... 64 1,151,756 1,636,163 25 1,139,57-1
Total 1920.... . . , . . _ . . . . , . , . . . 1,031 17,501,332 21,719,111 251 15,823,216
Newfoundland. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 1,068,184 1,775,190 4 48,000
Total 1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 10,741,441 16,256,259 213 10,23-1,477
" 1918................... ...,... 873 11,251,341 14,502,477 232 8,248,807
" 1917.............. ...'.',.. ... 1,097 13,051,900 18,241,465 261 7,455,094
" 1916..................... . 1,685 19,670,542 25,C6J,534 363 8,796,646
" .
" 1915......................... . 2,661 39,526,358 41,162,321 655 13,877,414
" 1914. . . .. . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,898 30,909,563 35,045,095 614 11,063,191
u 1913............,...."...... . 1,719 12,658,979 16,979,406 452 6,792,763
" 1912......................... . 1,357 8,783,409 12,316,936 323 4,556,615
u 1911............ .... .........' 1,332 9,964,604 13,491,196 321 4,760,016
" 1910............. .'............ 1,262 11,013,396 14,514,650 292 7,030,227
u 1909......................... . 1,442 10,318,511 12,982,800 354 3,933,938
" 1908. . . . . . . . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . 1,640 12,008,113 14,931,790 426 5,967,498

Trading. Other Banking.
Commercial.
Provinces.
-
Num- Num- Num-
ber. Liabilities. ber. Liabilities. ber. Liabilities.
$ $ $
Prince Edward I:'3land.......... - - - - - -
Nova Scotia,...... . , . . . . . . . . . . . 41 285,194 1 6,000 - -
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 76,898 2 9,000 - -
Quebec...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 265 2,662,957 13 2,270,300 - -
Ontario........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 1,016,744 14 82,484 - -
Manitoba....... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 55 362,452 2 202,000 - -
Saskatchewan................. . 104 1,033,256 5 20,753 - -
Alberta. . ...................... 41 220,568 7 150,700 - -
British Columbia............... 33 449,589 6 47,000 - -
---
Total 1920... .......... 733 6,107,658 50 2,788,237 - -

COJfJIERCI.IL F..IILURES

615

6
..- ('ommerd:1J Failurt's In Cunada. h) IÞrO\in('e
and ('lasses, for 19'.0, \,hl1 totaJ

for 190'-1919. [From Dun's Rc\icw.)-concluded.

Trading.

Other
Commercial.

Banking.

rrovince
.

Xum- "\um- Num-
ber. Liabilities. ber. Liabilities. ber. Liabilities.

$ S

e'\\ Coundland. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 3ö 1,596,847 2 130,343
Total 19UL .... . . .. . . . . .. .. , . . 4
4 4, 475, 6
S, 4b 1,5413,154
1 9 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wol 5,142, 397 1 51 I, III ,
73
" lU17....... .. . . . . .. .. . .. 777 8,417,239 1 59 2,369,132 1
" Ig1tJ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,237 12, 2t10, 3t
85 3,m
2,520
191:,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,88"- 21, 6U6, SHÚ: 11\ 5.558. 017 1
" 1914... .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,164 18,677,9:i5 1 120 5,303,968
" Hn:i. .. . . . 1,216 1 51/ 1,:;05,224
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. H,6S1,419 1
" UH2......... 97;)- 6,906,()().) 5g 1 853,6;;6
" 1911..... !1,,",6 1 7,606,891 1,124,289
.. . .. .. .. .. .. .
" IglO..... 947 1 6,943,579 1 23 1 540,R50
" 1909. . . . . . . .. . 1,0.')9 7,867, 287 1 ')9 1,181,575
" 1908. . . . . . . . . . . 1,171 1 8,242,436 43 1 il2,856
I I

OTE.-Newfoundland included in totals 1908 -HH9.

$

I. 150,OÙO
1 2:;0,000
1 125,000
1 71, 194
2
,54û,871
2 2,137,242

63.- Canses of Failuft'S in Canada and the rnitl'd states b)'"' umbt'rs and IÞcnl'nta
cs,
)t'afs l'luh'd nt,(.t'mhl'f 31, 1919 and 19'!O. \1!'rom BrnùstrPet's.\
I
CA N."DA (including r\ e" found land and Pif'rre-M iq uclon).

Failures due to

Kumbcr. A

ets. Liabilities.
1919. 19
0 . 1919. 1
20. 1919. 1920.
I
o. :No. S S S S
I
126 204 647,s.H 1,144,019 1,32H,804 2,205,521
34 79 79,950 389,363 228,630 891,863
224 334 2,117,
O5 5,64:J,600 4,601,550 11,6
2,434
16 23 62,550 97,000 146,966 226,700
11 13 49,700 60,700 140,346 189,300
5 6 22,000 8,020 52,500 30,199
15 28 28,316 73,060 76,920 172,213
- 8 - 58,000 - 140,050
131 182 û39,2R-1 3,478,121 1,139,455 4,945,136
8 5 113,000 145,040 247,037 251,455
56 97 1,344,075 380,S3.J 2,158,024 1,404,704
6"!6 979 5,101,531 11,177,757 10,120,232 22,139,575

Incompetence.........
Inexperience... . . . . . . .
Lack of capital.......
Un" ise credits....... .
Failures of others. . . ..
Extrayagance........ .
X eglect. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Competition....... . . .
Specific conditions....
Speculation... . . . . . . . .
Fraud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total. . . :. . . . . . . . .

I x U I\i"ITED STATES.

Incompetence.........
I .
nexpenenee. . . . . . . . . .
Lack of capital. . . . . . .
Un
ise credits........
Failures of others.. . . .
Extrayaganee. _...... .
Neglect. . .. . . . .. . . . . .
Competition......... .
Specific conditions. ...
Speculation.. . . . . . . . . .
Fraud... .

2, 109
307
1,669
72
97
59
93
59
623
37
390

2,753 11, no, 114 32,455,312 26,068,530 56,522,786
556 1,740,312 7,725,694 5,510,902 14,268,745
2,735 15,837,726 60,396,251 29,378,542 113,612,638
131 2,869,310 12,625,729 4,534,615 15,578,242
105 2,046,947 2,389,931 3,844,066 3,476,379
105 612,8
9 642,160 1,374,864 1,268,384
110 340,426 1,057,127 934,622 2,021,429
112 476,852 728,628 945,009 1,266,060
1,221 12,095,267 144,002,263 23,671,566 194,121,666
43 1,112,845 4,761,745 2,640,534 8,119,845
592 6,498,608 7,363,014 16,646,409 16,115,341
.
.. . 55 3 1 29 271 1 t 115 519 659 126 371 515

,6. 6

, 17,8"

Total. .. . . .. . . .. . . 5,515 8, 63

616

FIN A1\ T CE

63.-Causes of Failnres in Canada and th
United States by Nnmb
rs and P?rcentages,
years ended D
cemb
r 31, 1919 and 192D. [From Bradstreet's.]-concluded.

PERCENTAGES OF NUMBER OF FAILURES AND LIABILITIES, CLASSIFIED BY CAUSE.

Canada per cent.
Failures due to Number. Liabi
1919. 1920. 1919.
Incompetence. . . . . . . . 20.1 20.8 13.1
Inexperience. . . . . . . . . 5.4 8.1 2.2
Lack of capital... " . 35.8 34.1 45.5
Unwise credits. .. _.. 2.6 2.4 1.4
Failures of others.. . . 1.8 1.3 1.4
Extravagance....... . 0.8 0.6 0.5
Neglect. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 2.9 0.7
Competition........ . 0.8
Specific conditions.. . 20.9 18.6 11.5
Speculation..... .. . . . 1.3 0.5 2.4
Fraud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 9.9 21.3

United States per cent.
lities. Number. Lia bili ties.
1920. 1919. 1920. 1919. 1920.
10.0 38.2 32.5 22.6 13.3
4.0 5.6 6.6 4.8 3.3
52.8 30.3 32.3 25.5 26.6
1.0 1.3 1.6 3.9 3.7
0.9 1.7 1.2 3.3 0.8
0.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.3
0.8 1.7 1.3 0.8 0.5
0.6 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.3
22.3 11.3 14.4 20.5 45.5
1.1 0.7 0.6 2.3 1.9
6.3 7.0 7.0 14.3 3.8

Analysis of Commercial FaiIures.-In Tables 64 and 65
Bradstreet's and Dun's records of commercial failures are analysed
according to the luethod suggested by I{en1merer. First the total
nun1ber of concerns doing business is indicated, and secondly the
number of failures ,vith the percentage of these to the whole, the
latter being stated in the forill of an ind
x nunlber of which the base
is 100 as representing the figures of 1900. Thirdly, the assets and
liabilities are set forth and analysed. It ,vill be noted that the average
liability for each year is indicated; this is necessary because the
extent of demoralization caused by business failures is proportioned
to the size of the failure, the fpjlure of one large concern often causing
a stronger business depression than the failure of scores of sillall ones.
The relation of liabilities to assets is also significant. Lastly as a rough
balancing of results the index number indicating the proportion of
failures to the number of concerns in business and the index number
of the size of the concerns failing are averaged, and the result given
as the baron1eter of business depre

ion. Thi
number reversed is a
barometer of business confidence. The records of Bradstreet and
Dun are not on the same basis, but the general tendency of the t,yO
records is the same, the difference in results being usually only a
mat.t.er of d
grep..

COJ[J[ERCIAI
Jt'
lILURBS

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FINANCE

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GOI ER).-JIE1VT A V^
UITIES

GI9

(;O'-.Ell "'IEl\T A\

rITI"

.

IT nl}pr t he L
Oyprnnlcnt Annuitie::; _\ct, lUOð (7-8 Edw. VI I, e. 5),
n....
lI11(\ndeù by the ,Al't of IH20, Jli'3 :\Iajesty the King, repr '",cntcù
hy the
Iini:-\t
r (at }>re
('nt the Po
tJllaster Gpneral), may :-;ell to
}>l'r:-;Oll:-\ donlÌeilell ur re
idcllt in Canaùa. over the age of fiv(' Yl'ars
inllllpdiate or dpf('rred annuiti('
of not le
:5 than
50 nor nlore than

5.000 (1) for the life of thp anlluitant.; (2) for a tl'flll uf Y(,
lrs certain,
not p:\(,f'pdinh t\\
enty year
. or for the life of thp annuitant, ,vhich-
ever period :-;ha11 bl' the longl'r; and (3) an illlllH'dia tc or dpfprrl\d
annuity to a.ny two ppr:-;on:-; dOllli('il('( 1 in Canada during thpir joint
livp
. and. with or ,,'ithou1 continuation to the survivor. 1'h(' prop-
ertv and intprp:4 of any annuitant in any contract for an annuity i

neither tran:-\ferahlp IH;r
ltt:H'hahle. Tl
t\ purcha:-5er IHay eont
al't
that, in thc event of the tl('a.th of thp annuitant hf'forc the datc fixed
for tlu' annuity to b(\pin, all nlOIH,
r pa.id :-:hall he f('fundl'd to thp
purcha:-:er or hi
lp
al l"('}H'p:o:pntativl':-: with intprc::;t at th' rate of
4 p.('.. runlPoundt:d
('arty.
:-\tatistic.::, of thc annuitil'
in fon'C' on
lareh :
l, 1
)2(), arp giVPll
in Ta hl<'
()6-67. FrOIH
ept(,lll her 1, 1 UUS, to :\Iareh :
1, 1 H20, 4-,R2R
annuities have hl'l'll i:,s\ll'<l, of whidl
H:
11aYp bcen cancclleù on
Ul'('uunt of dp:l t h, leavinJ.- on :\lul"('h :31, 1 H20,
)7() inlllH'diate annuitils
and 3,.j.,)H dpfprrl'd annuities, a total of 1)')35 eontraet:::; in forcp. 1'hp
total value of th('se anlluitip:-: i:-:
1,O.)1,B.)2.14, and the :UHoun1
rel"l'ived for anlluitil.;,\ purl'ha..;ed i..; 'l,:
S() :{-l
.ü2.

66 - (,jO\('rllnll'nt \Ilnuitll's t
und Statement, 'larch 31, 19"!O.

A\
ETS.

Fund on )larch 31, 191H........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Receipts, 1919-1920, less pavmC'nts.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fund on )Iarch 31, 1921).......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$3,39J,341 44
298,369 97
................... $3,897,711 41

LIABILITIES.

Ket prc!'cnt value of all outstanding contracts....... ......................:. $3,897,711 41

RECEIPTS.

For Immediate .Annuities. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. S 241,918 27
For Deferred A\.nnuities....... . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189,703 91
Amount tran:jferred by Government to maintain reserve...... 144,097 18
S 575,719 36

PA Y
E
""TS.

Annuities paid under Immediate Contracts......... . . . . . . . . . .. $ 249,202 20
Return of premiums under Plan ".A" Contracts............... 5,243 79
Return of purchase money...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 22,903 40
Balance )Iarch 31, 1920...................................... 298,369 97
Total..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 575,719 36

620

FINANCE

67.-Valuation on March 31, 1920, of Annuity Contracts issued pursuant to the
Go\ernment Annuities Act, 1908.

Description of Contracts.

No.

Total value on
Amount of
Iarch 31, 1920
Annuities. of Annuities
purchased.

1. Immediate Annuities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Immediate Annuities, guaranteed. . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Immediate Last Survivor. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Deferred, Plan "A"....... . _ _ _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Deferred, Plan "A" guaranteed.. ................
6. Deferred, Last Survivor.. .. .. .., . .... ........ .. .
7. Deferred, Plan "B". ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

623
258
95
1,157
1,907
49
446

$ cts.
173,152 20
59,856 24
28,308 09
242,268 58
406,293 60
15,190 77
126,882 66
1,051
952 14

$ cts.

Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,535

1,343,233 00
535,717 00
271,520 00
573,205 14
658,354 71
92,175 12
423,506 44
3,897,711 41

INSURANCE.

Insurance Statistics.-Insurance companies doing business
throughout the DonlÌnion of Canada are licensed by the Dominion
Government under .Acts adlninistered by an Insurance Departn1ent
under the l\linister of Finance. The insurance statistics in Tables
68-88, ".hich are restricted to companies doing business under license
from the Dominion Government and do not therefore include the
business of companies operating under license froln the Provincial
Governlnents, are compiled from the Reports of the Superintendent
of Insurance, and are divided into three classes relating (1) to insurance
against fire; (2) to life insurance and (3) to insurances of a nliscel-
laneous character covering risks of accident, guarantee, employer's
liability, sickness, burglary, hail, steam boilers, tornado, weather,
inland transportation, automobiles, sprinkler leakage, live stock and
title. They refer in all cases to the calendar year. COlnplete
statistics of these three classes of insurance up to the year 1919 have
been published by the Insurance Department, and are included in
this section of the Year Book for 1920.
Fire Insurance.-Fire insurance ,vas carried on in 1919 by 134
companies, as conlpared ,vith 116 companies in 1918 and 96 in 1917
Of the 134 companies in 1919, 39 ,vere Canadian,40 British and 55
foreign. The gross amount of fire policies, ne,v and rene,ved, taken
during the year 1919, was $5,423,569,961, which is greater by
$817,534,905 than the amount taken in 1918. PrenlÏums charged

I.VSUR
l^ CE

621

In 19B)
unoullt "'(I to S37,577,ß31, as cOlnpared with f\48,770,112 in
1915. 'fhe net alllount at risk on I)cc. 31, 1019, ,vas
4,92

,024,381.
Life Insurance.-rrhe Lu
incss of life insurance in Canada ,vas
transacted in 1919 by 43 active c0l11panics, ineluding 24 Canadian,
S Briti
h and 11 forei
n. :K ot,vit h
talldillg the difficultics ari'3ing
out of the "\\Y
lr, thp total :t11l0unt of policies in Canada taken during
the year 1919 ,vas ;:,324,543,H29, as cOluparerl ,vith S313,231,556 in
1018 and
282,120,430 in 1917. For the Canadian conlpallies the
anlounts effecter! ,vcre "'-320,lfiO,705 in 1919, as compared with
179,-
429,315 in 1918 and 172,70:3,ü21 in In17; for British cOlllpanies

11,2ß4,3H4 in 1910, as cOlllpared with
5,f)(j9,OI3 in 1918 and 85,109,-
183 in HH 7 and for foreign cOlllpanics
193,12b,530 in IDI9, as com-
pared ,vith
127,49
,22ð in 1918 and
104,307,ö26 in 1017. The total
aillount of life in
urance in force through life conl panies for the ycar
1919, at the llatc of the statmoents rcndered, ,vas
2,187,837,317, as
against 10\1,783 OG1,27:3 in IBIS and
1,5b.),042,.163 in 1017, these figures
being ùi
tributed alHong the three different classes of company as
follo".s: Canadian bl,3ö2,ö31,5G2, (:1,103,503,147 in 1018); British
"Gß,90b,064 ( üO,29ü,113 in 1918); Foreign 758,2n7,ö91 (SßI9,2Gl,-
713 in 1919).
Life Insurance on the Assessment Plan.-Table 84 gives the
statistics of life insurance on thp aC:;
l'
Snlcnt plan, that is, insurance
effected through fraternal or friendly socif'ties by a

eSSlnellts on the
111cn1bers thcreof and ,vith annual dues to meet expenses. The
stati:-\tics in thc"e tablcs rclate, ho".ever, only to the eight societies
reportin
to the Insurance DepartInent of the I)on1Ïnion Governlnent

viz., the _\.lliance Kationale, the Al\ncicnt OrdC'r of Foresters, the
Artisans Canarliens, thp Catholic :\Iutual Beaefit ...\

ociation, the
Commercial Travellers' ::\Iutual Benefit Society, the Independent
Order of Foresters (,vhose statistics include sick and funeral depart-
nlents), the H.oyal Guardians and the 'V oodmen of the 'Yodd.
\Var Claims incurred by Insurance Companies in Canada
1914-18.-'Yïth a vie,y to ascertaining the extent to ,vhich the life
insurance companies in Canada have been affected by the war, a
circular "\\yas sent by the Superintendent of Insurance to each COlllpany
asking for the figures sho,ving the ,var claims incurred during each
of the five years 1914 to 1918. The claims were further classified
in each year according as they ,yere incurred under policies held by
(a) enlisted soldiers killed in action or dying froln ,vounds; (b) en-
listed soldiers dying from other causes; ( c) other persons engaged

622

FI1\TANCE

in ,var service or civilians dying as a result of military operations.
The results of the inquiry are given in Table 85, ,vhich shows the total
war losses to Dominion and Provincial licensees during the six years
19
4-1919 as $21,738,409. As illustrating the con1parative effects of
,var and epidemics upon insurance companies, it may be noted that the
death claims due to influenza, pneumonia or grippe during the last
three months of 1918 amounted to $9,803,306, and during the first
three months of 1919 to $4,559,175-a total of $14,362,481, or about
t,vo-thirds of the total ,var losses paid in six years.
Insurance other than Fire or Life.-Insurance business other
than fire or life ,vas carried on in Canada in 1919 by 107 companies:
26 Canadian, 27 British and 54 foreign. In 1918 the corresponding
figure:::; ,vere: 24 Canadian, 24 British and 48 foreign, a total of 96.
Seventy-seven of these cOlnpanies in 1919 (55 in 1918) like,vise trans-
acted fire insurance. In addition there were in 1919 7 fraternal
orders or societies which carried on sickness insurance and also
life insurance. Of the 26 Canadian companies in 1919 (24 in
1918), 9 (12 in 1918) transacted miscellaneous clas
es of busi-
ness only. The combined assets of the 9 con1panies anlounted at
the end of 1919 to $4,497,576, as compared with liabilities of $1,196,152,
the excess of assets thus'amounting to $3,301,424.
Insurance under Dominion and Provincial Licenses com-
bined.-The measures adopted by the Superintendent of Insurånce
to collect statistics of the business transacted by cornpanies holding
licenses fron1 the Provincial Governments of Canada, or pennltted
by provincial laws to transact business ,vithout a license, ,vere de-
scribed in the Year Book of 1916-17, pages 576 and 577. Tables
89 to 93 give particulars of insurance business transacted respectively
by Dominion and provincial licensees. .A.ccording to these tables, the
total fire insurance (Table 89) effected in 1919 on property situated
in Canada 'was :ïÞ6,233,667,486, including
5,423,560,961 ,vith Dom-
inion licensees, $435,624,288 ,vith provincial licensees and $374,473,237
,vith unlicensed cornpanies (Table 93). The total net alIlount of life
insurance in force at Dpcen1ber 31, 1919 (Table 92), was $2,545,746,508
of ,vhich $2,321,892,716 ,vas ,vith DOlninion licensees. The bulk of
the life business of the provincial licensees is transacted by fraternal
companies. On business other than fire and life (Table 91), the net
pren1iums received in 1919 ,vere $19,037,681 and the net los:ses paid
,vere $9,796,919.

INSUR
LYCE

6S.-}'Ire Insurance Business transacted In Canada, 1919.

Companies.

Canadian Companies-
Acadia Fire. . . . . . . . . .
Antigonish Farmers
Beaver Fire. . . . . . .. . .
British America. .. . . .
British Colonial.. . . . .
Briti:sh North Wes-
tern... .... ...
Canada Accident and
}'ire. . . . _ . . . . . _ _
Canada
ational. . . . .
Canada S{'{'urity.......
Canadian Fire.... .
Canadian Indemnity..
Canadian Lumbcr-
lnf'n's. . . . . . .
Cumb{'rland Farmers
Dominion Fire... ... ..
Dominion of Cann.da
Guarantc(3 and Ac-
cilh'nt. . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire In
urance Co. of
Canaùa. . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Accident of
Canada............ .
Globe Indemnity.....
Guardian Insuran
e
Co. of Canada......
Halifax Fire.... . . . . . .
Hudson Bay. . . . . . . . . .
Imperial Undf'r" ri-
ters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J(ing

Jutual.........
Livf'rpool
lanitoba...
London
Iutual. .. ...
)Iercantile....... _ . . . .

Iount Royal.... ....
)Iutual Fire. . . . . .. . . .
North Empire.. .... ..

orth '
cst..........
Occidelltal. . . . . . . . . . . .
Pacific Coast..... . _ . .
Pictou County Far-
mer!';. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec ..............
W e'Stern. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gross
amount of
Policies
new and
renewed.

s

2U J !104,691
264,01

6, :>45,
Otl'
135,936,8341
27. 407, !J97\
14,816,703 1
23,90Ú,954
23, 15
, 794 1
2,722,06;1
39,011,308
6,S2G, 765
t 1
1,905,304
148,425'
47,468,704'
9,352,40\.1
35,109,616 1
3.742. 850 1
29,400,R94
9, 1
0. 301
2,090,334
27.08.5 358

32,667,172,
1,,j
5,4251
46,662,933.
84,;':82,162,
3
,4Sü 063,
89, ROO,85ð
785, 603 1
20,181,960
20,920,294
39,067.1071
24,617,948
448.000
42,176,383
253.113,119

Totals.......... J ,170,734,162
British Companies-
All iance. . . _ _ . . . . . . . . .
Atlas. .. '. . . . . . . . . . . . .
British Crown.... . . . .
British Traders.... . . .
Caledon1an. . . . . . . . . . .
Car and GeneraL... . .
Century. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial Union...

43,442,961
59.144,054
46.571.791
18,116.491
57,022.235
24.240.658 1
16,037.972
428. 585
167,497.711

Premiums
charged
thl'rcon.

S
406,074
1,9f..8
103,87

1,434,020 ,
372,371
155, 82il
21
,SI2
336,913
54, (.S 1 1
5S1,084
102, 730 1
43.19
1
3.001
59.3.909
97.2J
31\1,555 1
\
3!),863
282,763'
97 , 7m
1
30,20fl l
357.747
282,74b
16,1621
506,455
'i83,73Q
362,89

1,116.558
15,685
238,274,
234.8251
457, 715 1
229,743
3,579 1
369,058
2,885, 756 1
13,13b.8tl l
403.296,
723,462
579.325 1 '
215.023
582,463
129,543
271, 113\
6,798,
1.594 402

Rate
of
pre-
miums
per
ccnt
of
risks.

Ket cash Net cash
received paid
for Pre- for
miums. Losses.

p.c.

1.36
0. 75 1
1.59
1.05
1.3(j'
1
1.05 1
0.92
1.451
2' 01 1
1.49 1
1.50
2.271
2.02
1.26 1
1.041
0.91
1.07
0.96
1.07
1.45
1.32
0.87
1.(15
1.09 1
0.93
0.94,
1.24
2.00
1.IR
1.12
1.17
0.93

s

224,010
1,98

35,17'2
795,1941
187,362
89,089
76,376
187,809
27,943
345,09R
87,222
1,349
2.3R2
380,694

50,899

12S,524

8,751
138,356
32,429
21,362
203,231

106,7.50
15,614
270,501
503,782
295,575
585,447
15.190
109,069
145,(179
215,077
112. 187

S
103.573
617
6,650
295,455
97,715
41,506
27, 354
65,623
1,486
114,692
29,963

none

5
150,114

14,017
18,881
3,353
53,19

4,227
26,826
107.051
51,175
2,245
105,458
232,344
96.115
285,369
4,964
83,130.
70.502
102,288
31,957

0.80 3,381 1,239
0.88 302,573 123,654
1.14, 710,373 383,481
1.12 6,415,838 2,736,221

0.93
1.22
1.24
1.19
1.02
0.53
1.69
1.59
0.95

354,981
606,679
400,845
154,600
434,478
71 , 862
196,456
1,723
1 188 574

118,137
290,760
167.846
47.585
162,163
28,722
72,507
none.
401,347

623

Per-
cent-
age of
losses
paid
to pre-
miums
re-
ceived .

p.c.

46.24
31.04
18.91
37.16
52.15
46.59
35.81
34.94
5.32
33.23
34.35

0.21
39.43

27.54
14.69
38.31
38.45
13.04
12.5.59
52.67
47.94
14.38
38.99
46.12
32.52
48.74
32.68
76.22
4
.60
47.56
28.48
36.65
40.87
53.98
42.65

33.28
47.93
41.87
30.78
37.32
39.97
36.91

33.77

624

FINANCE

6S.-}"ire Insurance Business transacted in Canada, 1919.-con.

Per-
Rate cent-
of age of
Gross pre- Net cash Net cash losses
amount of Premiums miums received paid paid
Companies. Policies charged per for Pre- for to pre-
new and thereon. cent miums. Losses. miums
renewed. of re-
risks. ceived.
British Companies--con. S $ p.c. S $ p.c.
Eagle Star and Bri-
tish Dominions..... 47,423,239 392,656 0.83 293,612 94,830 32.30
Employers' Liability. 89,518,669 865,465 0.97 683,124 267,354 39.14
General Accident,Fire
and Life.. . . . . . .. . 56,868,334 577,282 1.02 414,105 154,792 37.38
Guardian Assurance.. 155,113,154 1,707,831 1.10 1,433,698 595,484 41.53
Law, Union and Rock 36,167,951 341,786 0.94 281,242 84,691 30.11
Liverpool,London and
Globe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160,402,752 1,756,140 1.09 1,373,487 651,049 47.40
London Guarantee
and Accident....... 83,517,390 935,414 1.12 637,131 318,268 49.95
London and Lanca-
shire Fire. . . . . .. . . . . 113,372,818 1,155,699 1.02 940,970 415,356 44.14
London Assurance. . . . 55,592,183 546,871 0.98 452,293 116,696 25.80
National Benefit...... 1,248,723 20,847 1.67 17,995 9,660 53.68
North British and
Mercantile....... . . . 124,260,712 1,332,229 1.07 1,079,632 481,484 44.60
Northern Assurance
Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,312,685 1,221,116 1.19 1,050,101 435, 718 41.49
Norwich Union Fire.. 107,464,Oe5 1,209,858 1.13 985,959 406,616 41.24
Ocean Accident and
Guarantee. . . . . . . . . . 40,998,675 425,406 1.04 318,223 140,595 44.18
Palatine............. . 49,582,537 500,886 1.01 381,632 143,958 37.72
Phænix of London. . . . 120,852,991 1,505,756 1.25 1,145,616 486, 210 42.44
Provi
ial. . . . . . . . . . . . 10,947,935 94,733 0.87 75,969 28,033 36.90
Queensland. . . . . . . . . . . 21,651,200 242,896 1.12 196,636 78,226 39.78
Royal Exchange..... . 86,863,107 811,371 0.93 686,340 271,594 39.57
Royal Insurance.. . . . . 196,984,945 2,219,986 1.13 1,764,826 793,992 44.99
Scottish Metropolitan 1,175,683 15,902 1.35 2,828 none. -
Scottish Union and
National. . . . . . . . . . . 55,256,002 517,741 0.94 435,215 156,325 35.92
Sun Insurance Office. . 94,105,444 946,011 1.00 752,276 341,448 45.39
Union Assurance So-
ciety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88,785,481 885,141 1.00 680,761 308,749 45.35
Union Insurance of
Canton. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,442,183 515,983 0.98 401 , 963 124,013 30.85
Yangtsze. . . . . . . . . . . . . 118,050 2,801 2.37 669 none. -
Yorkshire. . . . . . . . . . . . 47 112,109 586,873 1.25 481,370 193,657 40.23
Totals. . . . . . .. . . 2,432,6.fl,475 25,840,105 1.06 20,377,871 8,387,865 41.16
Foreign Companies-
Aetna.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.557.619 605, 106 1.13 460.381 195,477 42.46
Agricultural. . . . . . . . . . 2,083,713 36,379 1.75 20,032 6,594 32.92
AlliancE" Insurance. . .." 32,707,263 226, 718 0.69 135,457 42,405 31.30
American Alliance.... 1,984,100 31,173 1.57 5,838 1,208 20.70
American CentraL... . 31,107,874 262,431 0.84 107,881 47,000 43.57
American Equitable.. 2,455,721 12,070 0.49 none. none. -
American Insurance.. 7,994,283 99,691 1.26 69,673 29,439 42.25
American Lloyds..... 5,905,345 23,471 0.40 21,502 4,707 21.89
Boston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,556,230 164,877 1.06 95,810 32,759 34.19
California. . . . . . . . . . . . 12,499,244 95,689 0.77 63,711 25,545 40.09
Citizens' of Missouri. . 5,051,211 71 , 206 1.41 32,609 3,709 11.37
Commercial Union of
N. Y................ 910,234 13,713 1.51 7,864 444 5.65
Connecticut......... . . 31,484,634 332,728 1.06 192,192 72,310 37.62
ContinentaL...... . . . . 63,624,159 696,729 1.10 462,310 195,412 42.27

ISSUll.1
\ CE

fN.- Fire In'\lIfiilu.e ßusÏlll'SS transacted in ('allada. 19t9.-conclude(1.

Companies.

Foreign Com:Janics-con.
Equitable Fire and

Iarine. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fidelity-Phenix..... . .
Fire Association of
Phila....... . . ., . . . .
Fireman's Fund
Firpmen's Insurance..
Genpral of Paris.. , . . .
Girard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
GlenQ Falls..... . . . . . .
Globe and Rutgers...
Great American... . . .
Hartford Fire. . . . .
Home Insumflcp......
InsumnceCo.of i\orth
.\merica...... . . . . . .
Insurance Co. of State
of Pa.... . . . . . . . . . . .
Lumhprmf'n's t.7nder-
writin
Alliancr. . . .

ranufacturing Lum-
hf'rmen's. . . . . . . _ .,
l\J('('hanics' and Tra-
ders' .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\lerchants' Fire.. ....

I illprs' X ational... . .
Kational Ben rrank-
r
In..... .........
Kational Fire of Hart-
ford. . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . .
National Union fïre..
I.a Xationale.... . . . . .
X ('wark. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Xew Hampshire......
!\ew Jersey...........
K'
r mgara..............
Xorthwestern
futual.
Xorth\\estern
a-
tional. . . . _ . . . . . . . . . .
Phenix of Paris. . . .. .
P}.ænix of Hartford. . .
Providence, Washing-
ton... " .........
Quee'l of America.... .
St. Pau 1 Fire and

Iarinp. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Springfield Fire and
Marine. . . . . . . . . . .
Stuyvesant. . . . . . . . . . .
L' L nion, Paris, Franc(;
Unitpd States Fire. . .
vulcan. . . . . . . . . . . . .
\\ estchester... . . . . . .

Gross
amount of
Policies
new and
renewed.

S
23,04S,544
58,042,147
8,260, 37l>1
33, 6S.) , 647 1
12,2.j!_, 741
22, K
S, 81:!'
1,6
7,3S7 1
36,160,566
9.),
04,21R
76,014 ,O(H 1
W6,0
O, 84:3:
153,24S,89V
134,57:5,947 1

2.3,440,t-.OO

11 , 070, 6;}(j
1O,mH ,405

],771,212
5,469,215
4,041,077
13,2ö5,789
71, 689, 188
28, 024, 385 /
58,634,012
8,628,390
10,334,131
5,078,727
46,S86,bS7
2,706,150
24, 5
2, 657 1
25,H21,827
74,034,157/
29,243,442
69,639,32.3'
62,100,482
63,7H8,520
7,564,186
21,756,101
3, 45!J, 621
8,876,157
37,357,004

Premiums
charged
thereon.

s

236, 7P, 1
6 /;') S '> ';.,
v...,, _vI
H7,295 /
317,45.')
1:
..., .)!I

IHfI,07t.i
] 2 , fJ.3:?:
303,2(l'i ,
f l :10, 06-1
.. 2 ') 8 _..,
I ..., ,) I
1, 1j.34, 512,
1,737,463 1
1,086, 916 1
213,552

OO, :!87

1
5,872
43,7(;f.
6U,3&
56,144

]5ð,210

798,811
262,2RO
607,914
9S, 104
1 1!), 522
56,772
449,822
41,6n

2!)9, 388
227,261
724,106
298,144,
865,942
580,872
611,015
103, 001
306,416
33,405
62,651
371 , 276

Totals.......... 1,8
O,19",3'H 18,598,6S6
(Jrrand Total
... 5,4
:J,569,961 57,577,631

lS4
7-40

Hat
of
pre-
miums
ppr
cent
of
ri::.-ks.

Net cash Net cash
received paid
for Pre- for
miums. Losses.

p.C. S
1 . OJ 52 , 56.

1.12 438,717
I.],', 67, 31-t
0.H4 214,458
1.13 lOS,'sO!J
0.83 136, ü.')2
0.77 1 5,
OS
0.S4 18
, 92t!1
0.97 72:
,09(i 1
0.9.3 47t!, 43:

o .
I( j I, 224, :!04
1.131,401,820
0.81 748,787
0.84 176,719
1'81/ 152,089
1.84 141,698
2.47 19,181
1.27 50,954
1.39 45,560
1.19 151,102
1.11 612,3V3
0.94 ]91,078
1.041 503,467
1 . 14 48, 102
1.16' 6",753
1.121 35,41-1
0.fl6 295,972
1.54 27,228
1.2) 2.13,519
0.88 153,387
0.98 420,692

1 .02 231 , 223
1.24 708,406
0.94 410,907
0.96 414,459
1.36 66,271
1.41 253,546
0.!)7 16,945
0.7] 44,341
0.99 272,474

S
23,887
174,45ð,
20, 54 7
94
64
22:030
58,490
nonp.
73,943
363,043
240,840'
503,336
597,061
314,553
84,606
38,970
163,638
19,538
3,IU6
15,835
44,366
213,R69
80,931
217, ml

7,418
19,466
I, 97f1
107,035:
100
R3,613
69,273
177,880
114,611
327,978

163,810
190,697
39,785
105,154
none.
13,522
105,851

ti25

}>er-
cent-
age of
losses
paid
to pre-
miums
re-
cei ved.

p.c.

45.44
39.77
30.52
44.22
20'2S
42.80
39.14
50.21
50.23
41.12
42.59

42.01

47.93

25.62

115.48
101.86
6.27
34.76

29.36

34.92
42.3n
43.30
15.42
28.3]
5.5

36.16
0.37

32.98
45.16
42.28

49.57
46.17
39.87
46.01
60.03
40.51
30.50
38.85

1.02, 13,231,765 5,555,269, 41.97
1.06 1 ..0,031,47tjI6,679,355 1 _ ..1.67

626

FIJ.YA
VCE

69.-Amounts received for Fire Insurance Premiums and paid for Losses, with
percentage of Losses to Premiums, 1869-1919.

Year

I
Percent- Percent-
Premiums Losses age of Premiums Losses age of
recei ved. paid. losses to Year. received. paid. losses to
pre- pre-
miums. miums.
$ $ p.c. $ S p.c.
. . . . 1,785,539 1,027,720 57.56 1895.... . 6,943,382 .4,993,750 71.92
. . . . 1,916,779 1,624,837 84.77 1896... .. 7,075,850 4,173,501 58.98
. . . . 2,321,716 1,549,199 66.73 1897.. . . . 7,157,661 4,701,833 65.69
. . . . 2,628,710 1,909,975 72.66 1898. . . . . 7,350,131 4,784,487 65.09
. . . . 2,968,416 1,682,184 55.67 1899.... . 7,910,492 5,182,038 65.51
. . . . 3,522,303 1,926,159 54.68 1900 0 .. . . . 8,331,948 7,774,293 93.31
. . . . 3,594,764 2,563,531 71.31 1901. . . . . 9,650,348 6,774,956 70.20
. . . . 3,708,006 2,867,295 77.33 1902.... . 10,577,084 4,152,289 39.26
. . . . 3,764,005 8,490,919 225.58 1903 . .. . . . 11,384,762 5,870,716 51.57
. . . . 3,368,430 1,822,674 54.11 1904.... . 13,169,882 14,099,534 107.06
. . . . 3,227,488 2,145,198 66.47 1905.. . . . 14,285,671 6,000,519 42.00
. . . . 3,479,577 1,666,578 47.90 1906. . . . . 14,687,963 6,584,291 44.83
... . 3,827,116 3,169,824 82.83 1907. .. . . 16,114,475 8,445,041 52.41
. . . . 4,229,706 2,664,986 63.01 1908.... . 17,027,275 10,279,455 60.37
. . . . 4,624,741 2,920,228 63 . 14 1909. 0 . . . 17,049,464 8,646,826 50.72
. . . . 4,980,128 3,245,323 65.16 1910.... 0 18,725,531 10,292,393 54.96
. . . . 4,852,460 2,679,287 55.22 1911. . . . . 20,575,255 10,936,948 53.16
... . 4,932,335 3,301,388 66.93 1912.... . 23,194,518 12,119,581 52.25
. . . . 5,244,502 3,403,514 64.90 1913.... . 25,745,947 14,003,759 54.39
... . 5,437,263 3,073,822 56.53 1914.. . . . 27,499,158 15,347,284 55.81
. . . . 5,588,016 2,876,211 51.47 1915.... . 26,474,833 14,161,949 53.49
. . . . 5,836,071 3,266,567 55.97 1916....0 27,783,852 15,114,063 54.40
. . . . 6,168,716 3,905,697 63.31 1917..... 31,246,530 16,379,101 52.42
. . . . 6,512,327 4,377,270 67.22 1918.... . 35,954,405 19,359,252 53.84
... . 6,793,595 5,052,690 74.37 1919.. .. . 40,031,474 16,679,355 41.67
--
. . . . 6,711,369 4,589,363 68.38
Total. . 557,971,969 1324,659,654 58.19

1869.. . .
1870. . . .
1871. . . .
1872. . . .
1873... .
1874.. . .
1875....
1876....
1877. . . .
1878... .
1879. . . .
1880. . . .
1881. ..
1882. . . .
1883....
1884. . . .
1885....
1886.. ..
1887. . ..
1888 .. . .
1889. . . .
1890... .
1891. . . .
1892. . . .
1893. . . .
1894. . . .

iO.-Totals of Fire Insurance Premiums received and Losses paid, with percentage
of Losses to Premiums by Nationalit)" of Companies, 1869-1919.

Can
Brit
For

Premiums Percentage
Companies. received. Losses paid. of losses to
Premiums.
$ S poco
adian companies.................... . . . 0 . . 112,817,250 67,650,686 59.96
ish companies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322,661,999 190,025,156 58.89
eign companies.. . . . . . . . .... . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 122,492,720 66,983,812 54.68
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557,971,969 324,659,654 5
.19

1.\srR.LYCE

627

.1.- }'Ire Insurance Pr('mlums r('cehed and IAJSSes paid b)" (
anadlall COIIII)anil's
tloln
bu.,lncss in ('anada and other Countries. \\ Ith per(
entage of I.Æss4.'s I)aid
to IÞr('mlunlS rccehed, 1
;8-19J9.

18i8.
I
SO.
18'\5.
18
IO.
IMI5.
1900.
1905.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
1917.
1918.
1919.

,
Business in Cannda. Business in Other Countries.
"\. car. Percentage Percentage
of losses of losses
pI"('miums Losses paid to Premiums Losses paid to
recei ved. paid. premiums receiveù. paid. premiums
rccci ved. received.
S S p.c. S S p.c.
. . . . . 591,4Ð5 2-11,545 40.84 1,251,923 737,430 58.90
. . . . . . . . . . 459,653
19,95-1: 47.85 I, 377 , 310 SS5, 293 64.28
. . . . . ,. . - - - . 910,3,555 518,6:J3 52.73 1,4
5,O78 1 , 051 , O!}() 70,78
........... . . . 1,0IS,226 604,846 5!}.40 1,';84,879 910,511 57.45
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71'-5,416 4!1!},472 63..;!} 2,566,9S0 1,462,849 56,99
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
!},9.)6 65.1\,4(15 95.43 2.804,896 1,9(j9,86
70.23
............... 2, 611, 8!I
J 1,277,772 4S . "2 3,911,739 2,307,655 58. 99
............... 3,037,675 1, 754, 35!J 57.75 3,141,709 1,714,812 ';4.58
............... 3,204,241 1,75';,348 54.78 3,343,157 2,149,515 64.30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,133,661 1,662.120 53.04 3,4ô7,975 2,039,201 58.80
. . . . . . . . . . .. . 3,
5,81o,7 1,97S,284 60.21 2,856,233 I,S29,175 {)4.04
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 9
9, 211 1,797,561 r,o.13 3,129,204 2,112,379 67.51
............... 2, 93S, 210 1,6()q,7
R 56.80 3,011,
.il 1,750,132 58.11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,O:J8,9ô4: 1,475,31ô 4,1\.55 2,7H9,871 1,6:32,8R6 58.32
............... 2, 5lô, 9';3 1.292, H)..l 51
34 3,70ô,2

1,722,205 46.47
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 969,8

2 1,4:16,558 47.mJ 4,702,958 2,434,150 51.76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,328,680 1,463,404 43.96 4,595,216 2.294,842 49.98

.2.-.\nlonnt of Fire In"\urance af Risk in Canada, IS69-1919.

Year. Amount Year. Amount Year. Amount Year. Amount
at risk. at risk. at risk. at ri
k.
S $ S S
1
69. . . . . . . 188,359,809 1883 572,264,041 1895 837,872,864 1907 1,614,703,53ô
18iO....... 191,549,586 lö84 605,507,789 IS96 845,574,352 1908 1,700,708,263
1871...... . 228,453,784: 1885 611,794,479 1897 868,522,217 1909 1,863,276,504
1872.. . . . . . 251,722,940 lð$6 586,773,022 1898 895,394,107 1910 2,034,276,740
1873.... . . . 278,754,835 1887 634,767,337 lð99 936,869,668 1911 2,279,868,346
1874....... 306,844,219 1888 650,735,059 1900 992,332,360 1912 2,684,355,895
1875.. .. . . . 364,421,029 1889 684,538,378 1901 1,038,687,619 1913 3,151,930,389
1876.. . . . . . 404,608,180 1890 720,679,621 1002 1,075,263.168 1914 3,456,019,009
1877...... . 420,342,681 1891 759,602,191 1903 1,140,453,716 1915 3,531,620,802
1878.. .. . . . 409,899,701 1892 821,410,072 1904 1,215,013,931 1916 3,720,058,236
1879.. .. . . . 407,357,985 1893 814,687,057 1905 1.318,146,495 1917 3,986,197,514
1880...... . 411,563,271 1894 836,067,202 1906 1,443,902,244 1918 4,523,514,841
1581.. .. . . . 462,210,968 1919 4,923,024,381
1882. . . . .. . 526,856,478
lS427-40!

628

FINANCE

73.- Assets of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insurance, or Fire Insurance and
other classes of Insurance, and Assets in Canada of Companies other than
Canadian transacting such busin{lss in Canada, 1915-19.

I terns. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
$ $ $ $ $
Canadian Companies-
Real e
tate......... . . . . . 947,229 1,295,400 1,423,963 1,428,921 2,027,655
Loans on real est.ate... . . 3,319,848 3,343,750 3,186,488 2,232,143 2,101,585
Stocks, bonds and deben-
tures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,793,226 10,i85,277 12,047,378 16,259,079 20,915,449
Agents' balances and pre-
miums outst.anding.... 2,567,121 2,718,065 3,467,806 3,412,180 4,950,477
Cash on h and and in
banks 1 ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 162, ] 28 2,271,752 3,737,752 4,542,576 4,538,576
Interest and rents.. . . . . . 290,747 292,548 365,090 415,346 480,352
Otller assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . 354,109 471,452 485,293 443,74.0 682,642
---
Total assets. . . . . . . . . . 19,131,408 2J,178,2-!4 24,"13,nO 2R,"33,985 35,696,736
British Companies-
Real estate......... . . . . . 2,371,456 2,361,921 2,378,570 2,6
9,024 2,563,168
Loans on real estatp..... 5,471,761 5,321,817 12,709,933 12,812,262 3,969,328
Stocks, bonds and deben-
tures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,778,620 15,487,919 17,352,975 22,972,016 24,460,316
Agf'nts' balances and pre-
miums outstanding... . 2,122,057 2,275,667 2,713,810 2,948,869 3,612,027
Cash on hand and in
banks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,265,547 2,848,486 4,411,767 3,733,382 3,71O,,f;20
Intere
t and rents. . . . . . . 186,550 205,650 528,604 549,132 225,742
Other aS5pt
in Canada.. 164,763 219,340 231,379 359,215 517,991
Total assets in Canada 2".,360,751 28,"20,800 40,32",038 46,073,900 39,059,092
Foreign Companies-
Real estate........ . . . . . . - none. none. none. none.
Loans on real estate.... . - none. none. none. none.
Stocks, bonds and deben-
tures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,304,971 9,285,183 10,339,773 12,752,667 13,840,421
Agents' balances and pre-
miums outstanding.. . . 1,406,320 1,485,304 1,573,316 1,776,201 2,186,593
Cash on hand and in
banks 1 ... _ 870,233 1,196,765 2,084,495 2,478,986 4,302,292
Interest and r

t
: : : : : : : 111,582 124,360 145,869 148,362 158,401
Other assets........ . . . . . 55,951 42,167 52,026 67,949 75,283
Total assets in Canada 10,"
9,057 12, 133, n9 14,195,
79 1" , 22",16.5 20,562,990
All companies-
Real estate........ . . . . . . 3,318,685 3,657,321 3,802,533 4,127,945 4,590,823
Loans on real estate..... 8,791,609 8,665,567 15,896,421 15,044,405 6,070,913
Stocks, bonds and deben-
tures. . . . . . . 32,876,817 35,558,379 39,740,126 51,983,762 59,216,186
Agents' balance
a
'â p

miums outstanding.. . . 6,095,498 6,479,036 7,754,932 8,137,250 10,749,097
Cash on hand anù in
banks 1 ... . . 5,2
7,908 6,317,003 10,234,014 10,754,944 12,5.51,388
Intpre..-,t and rpnt
: : : : : : : 5R8,879 622,5.58 1,039,563 1,112,840 864,495
Other assets. . . . . . . . . . . . . 574,823 n2,959 768,638 870,904 1,275,916
Total assets in Canada 57,514,219 6
,032,823 79,236,287 92,03'!,05O 95,318,818

lOr deposited with Goyernmcnts.

I.Y8URA..VCE

62<)

7.J.-Llabilifit.'s of ('an:ulian ('olUl):tnlt.,s dolnJ.: .'irt' Insur.al1c(', or .....ire Insur.UIC
.and other ('(ass.'s of Insur.uu.t'. .Ind 1
lahllUit's In (';II1:ad" of ('oft1poanit.s othe
than ('..mullan tr.uls..ctln
8uch busint.'ss In ('al1<ula, 191';-19.

I terns.

Canadian Companic&-
L'nsf'ttlcd losses...... . . .
Hescrve of unearned pre-
nliums.... . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sundry itf'lIls. . . . ..... . . .

Tot..l JlabUitirs. not In-
cludln
(..al)ltal..... . .

HH5.

S
1,004.123

5,S95, 7-10
1,50U,362

8,409,225

E
c('ss of as
t8 over lia-
bilitil"8, f'xcluding capi-
taL...... ........ .. ... l1,02.;,IS3
Capital stock pa.id up. . . 9,705,234

Britbh Companies-
Unsettlt'd los
es...... . . .
H.e
rve of unearned pre-
miUlns. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sundry items. . . . . . . . . . .

733,158

8,h
1,721
1.5:?0.477

HH6.

$
1,832,805
5,960,'745
1, 7S3, 253

9,576,S03

11,601,441
9,'706,336

1,976,475
9,t>HH, 494
417,151

1917.

S
3,382,071
7,004,629
1,902,409

12,289,109

12,424.GGI
1O,45.;,H93

2,846,585
10,
27,544
620,012

1918.

$

4,114,105
7,925,912
2,64ß, 579

11,(,86,596

14,047,3"9
11,323,256

2,258,5j7

12, Ok.!, 409
1,244,533

Totïalliahiliht's in ('an-
ada..... ... . . . . . . . . ... 10,
':S.'i,3,)6 t
,093, 120 lI, .!
H, 111 15,5S7,.j!'9

LXCf'SS of 3S5('ts over lia-
bilities, excluding capi-
tal. . _ . ... . . .. ..
Capital stock paiù up..

}'oreign Companies-
{
n
.ttle-d losses. . . . _
Re-serve of unearned pre-
miums. . . . . . . . . . . .
8undry items. . . . . . . . . . . .

Totoalliabilities In ('an-
.ada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Excess of assets over lia-
bilities, excluding capi-
tal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Capital stock paid up... .
All Companies-
Unsettled losses..... . , . .
Reserve of unearned pre-
miunls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sundry items.......... . .

16,4
5,3!)8

6J9,776
4,767,935
336,9U8

6,801,709

4,9-14,348

2,437,057
19,345,396
3,366,R37

16,627,t:
0

1,166,977
5,1
9,4()2
2tj
,5S7

6,5.)
,966

5,5'74,813

4,976,257
20,'789,641
2,462,991

26,032,8!J7

1,774,27

5,809,042
309,8U2

7,
93,212

6,302,267

8,002,934
23,641,215
2,832,313

30,4<-6,401

1,272,279

6,554,146
785,080

8,611,505

8,612,660

7,644,941
26,564,467
4,676,192

Totalliahilitlrs InCan-
ada, not including
capital........... .. ... 25,U9,290 28,228,ðð9 3",-176,"'62 38,8b5,600

Excess of assets over lia-
bilities, excluding capi-
taL.... . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. 32,394,929 33,803,934 44,759,825 53,146,450
Capital stock paid U p l... 9,705,234 9,706,336 10,455,893 11,323,256

1 Canadian companies only.

1919.

S
4, 221. 470
9,355,790
4,170,922

17,7-18,1S2

1'7,!J4R,55-l
12,037,306

2.529,672

13,563,203
2,4ßl,967

Ib,551,8il)

20,504,250

1,335.225

7,620,91-1:
1 , 4:41, 183

10,397,322

10,165,668

8,086,367
30,539,907
8,074,072

46,700,3-16

48,618,472
12,937,306

630

FllVANCE

75.-Cash Income and Expenditure of Canadian Companies doing Fire Insuran('e or
Fire Insurance and other classes of Insurance, and Cash Income and Expendi-
ture in Canada of Companies other than Canadian transacting such business
in Canada, 1915-19.

B

I terns. 1915. 1916. H117. 1918. 1919.
INCOME. S $ S $ S
Canadian Companies-
Net cash for premiums
from fire and other.. . . 10,008.557 11.146,958 15,397,572 17.586,476 18,329,956
Interest and dividends
on stocks, etc. . . . 672,406 739,599 780, 713 962,863 1,240,566
Sundry i terns. _ _ ...... . 59,795 78,632 28,585 28,398 65,674
Total ('ash in('ome... . . . 10,740,758 11,965,189 16,206,870 18,577,737 19,636,196
I
British Companies1-
Net cash for premiums.. 13,609,363 14,294,801 16,317,315 18,658,712 20,377,877
Interest and dividends
on stocks, etc. . . . . . . . . 911,348 952,690 1,572,080 1,680,468 1,219,425
From branches other
than Fire or Life... .. . 2,217,868 2,239,324 3,37i,441 3,587,437 4,429,295
Sundry items........... . 4,659 1,557 1,505 783 1,084
Total cash income.. . . . . 16,713,238 17,488,372 21,262,311 23,927,.{00 26,027,676
Foreign Companies 1 -
Net cash for premiums. . 8,306,395 8,671,173 10,146,386 11,725,601 13,237,767
IntErest and dividends
on stockS', etc. . . . . . . . . 398,696 445,970 448,136 582,441 673,023
From branches other
than Fire or Life... .. . 978,343 1,551,295 2,801,764 2,518,135 2,789,164
Sundry items.... ., . None. None. 5,573 3,012 145
Total cash in('ome...... 9,683,434 10,668,438 13,401,859 1,1,829,189 16,700,099
EXPENDITURE.
Canadian Companies-
Paid for losses. . . . . . . . . . . 5,947,654 6,560,438 8,301,165 5..176,053 5,031,061
General expenses. . . . . . . . 3,701,268 4,040,280 4,985,345 4,018,550 4,498,537
On account of branches
other than Fire or Life. - - - 6,386,814 7,571,999
Di vidends or bonus to
shareholders..... .. .. . 510,429 438,319 1,216,795 490,482 869,195
Total cash expenditure 10,159,351 11,039,037 14,503,305 16,011,899 17,910,792
Excess of income over
expenditure........... . 581,407 926,152 1,703,565 2,505,838 1,665,404
ritish Companies 1 -
Paid for losses. . . . . . . . . . . 6,889,360 7,926,461 8,358,290 9,908,001 8,387,864
General expènses... . . . . . 4,503,221 4,812,638 5,423,713 6,320,803 7,121,830
On account of branches
other than Fire or Life. 2,179,610 1,968,887 2,905,050 2,997,315 4,233,299
Total ('ash expenditure 13,572,191 14,707,986 16,687,053 19,226,119 19,742,993
--
Excess of income over
expendi ture.. .. . .. . . . . . 3.171,047 2,780,386 4,575.288 4,701,281 6,284,683

1 Income and Expendi tura in Canada.

L.VSURAYCE

631

;5.- ('.Ish lucoll1l' and t
tl)t'ndlture uf Can3dlan COßJpamlcs doln,., .'lre Insurance or
t'lr.. Insurance alld oUu'r dassf's of Insuran('(', and Cash Income and }
tp('ndlture
In {'''Dada of ('ompanles other than Canadian transactln
such business In
{'anada, 1915-1919 -concluded.

Items. 1915: 191t3. 1917. 1918. 1919.
EXPENDITURE--Concl udC'd S S S S $
Forpign Cornpanics1-
Paid Cor losS<'s. . .. . . . . . . . 4,64tJ,722 4.589,09tJ 5,643,98G t3,709,347 5,555,268
General expenses.. . . 2,578,8-12 3,004,842 3,368,08tJ 3,OG,j,025 4,483,OßO
On account of branch('s
other than Fire or LiCe 761,589 1, 821,147 1,967,947 I, 711 ,862 2,328,857
Total ca
h ('xpelldlturc 1 7,9S7,153 1,"U,ti91 10,9S0,919 1') , 3S6, ., J" 12,367,185
I
I
I
I
Excess of income o\Orl
f'xpenditure. . ...... . . . . 1,t396,281 1,253,747 2,420,940 2,442,955 4,332,914

IIncome and ('xpenditure in Canaùa.

;6.- \lI1oun. of Xet Prt'lI1lums "rlften and Xl't Lo
ses Inrurred It) I-rminccs in
('.,uada, b) ('3l1adlall, BrUbla, and .'orei.rn Coml)anie
trall
"ctill" }'ir('
lu!'-uran{'t', 1919.

,Lic('nseù re-insurance deducted.)

Canadian. British. For
ign.
I
Provinces. I
iPremiums. Losses. Premiums. Losses. Premiums. Losses.
I
I
$ S S S S S
P. E. Island.... . . . . 32,380 16,971 108,627 55,17,j 55,788 21,R86
Xova
cotia........ 473,319 259,211 841,097 353,928 930,604 526,132
X ew Brunswick. . . . 327,613 205,f>31 929,696 510,475 736,518 323,874
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,870,936 899,3ß9 4,976,159 2,590,674 2,881,699 1,419,230
Ontario. . .. . .. . . . . . . 3,347,248 1,4ß3,194 7,513,770 2,964,207 3,882,441 1,585,403

lanitoba. . . . .. . . . . . 873,220 250,830 1,478,641 353,957 1,174,9ß5 296,708
Saskatchewan. . . . . . 996,108 311 ,860 1,567,030 653,420 I,OG9,8oo 475,124
Al berta. . .. . . . . . . . . . 773,076 2.57,889 1,391,591 526,526 1,032,794 314,893
British Columbia... 700,120 179,020 1,973,051 604,545 1,723,891 522,724
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . None. None. 3,119 None. 2,473 None.
Total. . . . . . . . . . . 9,391,O
O 3,813,975 20,839,057 1 8,639,376 2 13,"95,320" 5,485,971

11ncluding $56,276 premiums which have not been separated according to Provinces.
21ncluding
26,469 losses which have not been separated according to Provinces.

Including $4,347 premiums which have not been separated according to Provinces.

632

FINA].;CE

77.-Life Insurance in Canada, 1915-1919.

I terns. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Canadian Companies-
Policies new and
taken up. . . . . . . . . . . . NO 109,118 120,759 135,145 132,585 198,527
Policies in force at end
of year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (C 620,559 675,634 744,239 811,891 947,489
Policies become claims (C 9,213 9,912 11 , 633 16,501 13,106
Amount of poJicies
new and taken up.. $ 121,033,310 138,201,281 172,703,621 179,429,315 320,150,705
Net amount of poli-
cies in force.. . . . . .. $ 829,972,809 895,528,435 996,699,282 1,105,503,447 1,362,631,562
Net amount of poli-
cies become claims. $ 10,383,062 11,763,328 13,183,223 18,926,307 14,373,721
Amount of premiums
in year. . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 28,546,303 30,296,416 34,599,199 38,728,815 47,126,374
Claims paid 1. . . . . . . " $ 9,914,932 10,537,141 12,636,011 16,063,901 17,454,054
Unsettled cIaims-
Not resisted... . . .... $ 1,329,424 2,394,825 2,865,751 5,414,116 1,902,639
Resisted. . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 109,000 114,972 101,332 24,504 62,993
British Companies-
Policies new and taken
up............. .... .NO 7,690 6,901 7,849 6,877 8,756
Policies in force at end
of year. . . . . . . . . . . . . " 31,383 33,293 36,389 38,040 42,232
Policies bf'come claims" 802 821 798 956 936
Amount of policies
new and taken up.. $ 5,727,313 5,250,633 5,109,183 5,969,013 11,264,394
Net amount of poli-
cies in force. . . . . . .. $ 58,087,018 59,151,931 58,617,506 60,296,113 66,908,064
Net amount of poli-
cies become claims.. $ 1,773,592 1,801,022 1,521,921 1,674,214 1, 803, 020
Amount of premiums
in year. . . . . . . . . . . . $ 2,071,592 1,903,590 1,957,143 1,935,219 2,201,462
Claims paid 1. ..... . $ 1,712,889 1,693,628 1,561,113 1,466,069 1,895,928
r nsettled claims-
Not resisted. . $ 324,261 408,571 341,361 519,175 382,258
Resisted. . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 50,500 50,594 50,686 53,000 2,208
Foreign Companies-
Policies new and taken
Up..................NO 365,788 330,008 354,760 393,645 433,968
Policies in force at end
of year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 1 , 297, 01 0 1,474,455 1,681,202 1,942,045 2,200,603
Policies become claims" 13,168 16,708 19,565 30,005 27,144
Amount of. policies
new and taken up.. $ 94,358,935 87,649,711 104,307,626 127,853,228 193,128,530
Net amoun t of poli-
cies in force. . . . . . .. $ 423,556,850 467,499,266 529,725,775 619,261,713 758,297,691
Net amount of poli-
cies become claims. $ 5,403,510 6,695,184 7,470,501 9,381,768 8,339,561
Amount of premiums
in year. . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 14,488,783 15,893,099 18,287,267 20,977,013 25,380,673
Claims paid 1. . . . . . . .. $ 5,542,199 6,488,908 7,245,838 8,717,631 8,727,110
Unsettled claims-
Not resisted. . . . . . . . . $ 475,751 669,138 822,358 1,359,971 852,393
Resisted. . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 125,790 122,597 132, 163 67,627 41,199
lIncluding matured endowments.

I
YSUR 1l\9CE

633

77.-Ufe Insurance In Canada, 1915-1919--concluùed.

I terns. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
All Companies-
Policie
new and taken
up. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . NO 482,596 457,668 4U7,758 533, 107 641,251
Policies in force at end
of year. . . . . . . . . . . . . u 1,948,95
2, 1
;{,382 2,461,S:m 2,791,976 3. IDO, 324
Policies become ('laims u 23,183
7,44l 31 , 9U6 47.4ú2 41,186
Amount of polici<,s 221,119,55
1 231.101,625
new and takpn up.. S 282,120,430 313,
51,556 524,543,629
N ct amount of poli-
cies in force. . . . . . .. S 1,311,6l{:,677 1,422,179,6:>2 1,.j85,042,.363 1,7"5,061,2732,187,837,317
Net amount of poli-
cies become claims. $ 17. 5GO, 16-1 20,259,534 22,175,645 1 29,982,289 24,516,302
Amount of premiums
in year. . . . . . . . . . . .. $ 4." lOG, ü7(
4R,OIì3,105 54,843,609 61, fin, 041 74,708,509
Claim:ipaiù 1 ......... S 17.170.020 lö,719,677 21,442,U6
26,247.601 28,077,092
Unsrttled claims-

ot resisted. . . . . . . . . S 2,129,43L 3,472,534 4,029,470 7.293,262 3,137,290
Resisted... . . . . . . . _ . . S 285, 290 2bS,163 284, 181 145,131 106,400

1lncluding matureù enùowments.

7S.-IuMuanl.c neath-rate In Canada, 1916-1919.

Companies.

1916 19lï .
ì Number ::\umber
of Ii v(Os
umber Death- of lives Number Death-
exposrù of rate per expo::,ed of rate per
to risk. draths. 1.000. to risk. deaths. 1,000.
I
729,618 7.770 10.6 794,720 8,999 11.3
1,314,733 13,799 10.3 1,538.092 16,240 10.6
97.125 1,330 13.7 91,413 1,504 16.5
I 2,667 151 56.6 2,449 92 37.6
I

,17!,H3 23,050 10.6 2,-I26,67.j 26.
35 11.1
I -- - \-_-
1918. 1919
---
880,859 13,011 14.8 1,008,389 7,581 7.5
1,762,117 23,657 13.4 1,989,367 16,54
8.3
115,360 2,112 18.3 151.085 1,909 12.6
2,284 107 46.8 2,125 118 55.5
2,760,650 38,881 1".1 3,150,966 26,156 8.3

Acti ve companies.
ordinary. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Active companies,
ind u:, trial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A<3.Q.(

ment and fraternal
socictiC's. . . . . . .
Kon-active and retired
companies... .

Total. . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . .

Active companies.
ordinary. .. ............
Active companies,
industrial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assessment and fraternal.
societies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-active and retired
companies. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total.. .. .. .. . . . . . . .

KOTE.-Average death-rate for all companies in the nineteen years 1901-1919. 10.1.

öi$4

FINA1ÇCE

79.-Assets of Canadian Life Companies and Assets in Canada of Life Companies
other than Canadian Companies, 1915-1919.

.

I terns. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
Canadian Companies- $ $ $ $ $
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,096,206 15,052,552 17,405,495 16,297,408 16,791,000
Loans on real estate.... . 96,058,936 95,921,380 92,703,648 90,653,299 91,325,101
Loans on collaterals...... 1,696,754 2,501,710 1,279,931 1,225,805 1,761,166
Cash loans and premium
obligations on policies
in force......... . . . . . . . 39,303,673 41,134,378 42,749,481 43,884,451 44,611,927
Stocks, bonds and de-
bentures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104,357,271 125,686,429 149,578,220 179,671,910 204,639,727
Interest and rent due and
accrued. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,724,460 7,191,937 7,329,915 7,442,414 8,061,833
Cash on hand and in
banks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,159,429 3,678,529 4,194,956 3,903,597 2,403,405
Outstanding and deferred
prenliums............ . 6,562,725 6,611,938 7,246,081 7,818,704 9,019,887
Othpr assets............. 283,980 299,405 257,072 209,302 293,744
Total assets. . . . . . . . . . 2'14,243,43:1 298,078,258 322,7-U,799 351,106,890 2 378,90'1,790 2
British Companies-
Real est a te. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961,214 968,794 975,987 1,112,914 . 1,306,036
Loans on real estate... . . 17,834,771 16,942,175 15.738,404 14,222,507 12,998,447
Loans on collaterals.. . . . 155,193 156,943 160,l6
166,934 18,770
Cash loans and premium
obligations on policies
in force. ... .... . . . . . . . . 2,713,804 2,655,840 2,543,442 2,532,382 2,446,603
Stocks, bonds, and de-
bentures..... . 14,675,860 15,998,950 16,001,299 17,819,067 20,036,680
Interest and rent due and
accrued. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407,409 432,307 435,110 463,106 417,433
Cash on hand and in
banks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702,430 788,602 682,031 677,197 756,488
Outstanding and defer-
red premiums. . . . . . . . . 347,661 344,215 335,650 354,537 350,585
Other assets........ . . . . . 10,224 18,040 34, 067 373,187 35,820
Total assets in Canada 37,808,566 38,305,866 36,906,159 3'1,721,831 38,366,862
Foreign Companies-
Real estate......... . . . . . 72,559 79,840 83,085 120,295 221,013
Loans on real estate..... 11,973,851 11,087,153 10,834,482 10,639,987 10,063,742
Loans on collaterals..... none. none. none. 30,627 none.
Cash loans and premium
obligations on policies
in force........ . . . . . . . . 10,850,791 10,777,910 11,026,169 11,172,030 11,318,518
Stocks, bonds, and de-
bentures.. . ...... .. '" 49,721,360 55,146,616 62,404,175 71,502,264 86,090,541
- Interest and rent due and
accrued. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,152,562 1,151.210 1,270,588 1,309,586 1,390,927
Cash on hand and in
banks 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,408,289 2,537,267 4,232,789 1,997,886 2,077,111
Outst.anding and defer-
red premiums.... . . . . . 1,287,225 1,352,317 1,497,861 1,828,015 2,296,416
Other assets. .. .. . . .. . . . . 1,874 9,846 none. 6,498 16,281
Total assets in Canada 77,168,511 82,142,159 91,349,149 98,60'1,188 113,474,á49

1 Includes cash deposit with Government.
2 The figure in the text is the book value; the market value of these assets was
$348,709,244 in 1918, and $376,604,050 in 1919.
N OTE.-Certain British Companies transacting fire insurance in Canada transact also
life insurance in Canada, and insomuch as a separation of assets has not been made between
these two classes, their assets in Canada are not here included, but are included in the assets
of British companies shown in Table 73 on page 628.

I
YS( RAX'CP

635

so. - liabilities or
'i.nlat1lan IJfl' Coml)allh's and 1..labllitil'" In Canad., of Life ('om-
panics othl'r than Canadian ('oml)allil's, 1915-1919.

Schedulc. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
S S S S S
Canadian Companies-
Unsettled claims. . . . . . . . 2,3's2,635 3,;\)<3,275 4,557,929 7,752,308 3,920,563
::\et re-insur.1.ncc reserve 2'27 ,56
,O6
246,172,48-1.
67,172.60j 291,03.3 ,397 321,027,592
Sundry liabilities. . .. .. . . 7,571,712 8,668,830 10,738,527 11,560,484 16,220,206
1'otalliabllltl,.s not In-
dudlnt: capital..... . . .'3; ,516,109 ') .S, '09,59. '!S.) ,"69,06 310,3 tS,tt.;9 311,16"\,361
;::,urplus of assets eJ:cludin

capitaL... . . . 36,727,02,') 39,468,üß3 40,275,73b 38,361,055 35,435,689
Capital stock paid up.... 5,5S2,019 5,6S0,106 5,740,j
3 5,921,342 5,980,407
British Companies1-
Cnscttlcd (.lnims.... . . 374,761 45
, 164 392,04ü 572,175 384,466
Net rc-in!"urancc ros<,rve 18,760,S:n 19,267,700 18,8
"\,80H 19,075,622 19,361,479
Sundry liabilities... ... . . 209,972 121,20
140,405 67,198 157,757
Totalliahilitit's not In..
dudin
l'i.1l)Ual ...... 19,3-1;;,36-1 19,8 1
.O72 19,t21,2GO 19,7U,995 19,903,702
Surplus of assets.. ..... . . 18,463,002 7 18,457,794 7 17,484,899 2 Id,006,836 18,463,160
Foreign Companif>sL-
Ur.:5cttleù claims.... . . . . 601,540 791,735 954,520 1,427,598 893,592
:K et re-insurance reserve 69,124,2f19 74,997,533 82,516,873 92,346,507 104,2
0,02"7

undry liabilitics. . .. . . . . 1,687,867 1,9
8,928 2,2
2,503 3,515,199 3,621,881
Total IiablUtil's not In-
cluding l'3pital. . . 71,U3,706 77,718,196
5,7 53,896 97,2S9,30i 108,.35,500
Surplus of assets.... . . . . . 6,054,805 4,363,963 5,595,253 1.317,884 4,739,049
--
All Companies-
Unsettled claims.... . 3,358,936 5,019,174 5,904,4fJ5 9,752,081 5,198,6.d
Net re-insurance reserve 315,447,192 340,437,717 368,578,287 402,457,526 444,609,098
Sundry liabilities.. .,. '.. 9,460,551 1O,778,g72 13,161,435 15,142,881 19,999,844
Totaillabilitit's not in-
dudin
capital. . . . . ..1 328,2;5,679 3ã6,235,863 3S7,6J!,217 427,352,488 69,807,563
Surplus of assets exclud-
ing capital. .. . . . . . . . . . . 61,244,832 62,290,420 63,355,890 57,685,775 58,637,898
Capital stock paid Up3. 5,582,019 5,680,106 5,740,583 5,921,342 5,980,407

lLiabilities in Canada.

2Incomplete.

3Canadian companies only.

636

FINANCE

81.-Cash Income and Expenditure of Canadian Life Companies and Cash Income
and Expenditure in Canada of Life Companies other than Canadian Companies,
1915-1919.

Schedule. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
INCOME. S S $ $ $
Canadian Companies-
Net premium income... . 38,492,314 41,626,425 46,997,715 53,188,261 64,433,449
Consideration for annui-
ties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,699,598 2,332,401 1,448,569 1,622,847 2,519,957
Interest and dividends
on stocks, etc. . . . . . . . . 14,512,703 16,004,312 17,637,462 18,986,651 19,991,623
Sundry items......... . . . 133,224 287,869 148,946 1,479,332 1,766,153
Total cash income.... . . 54,837,839 60,251,007 66,232,692 "'5,2'17,091 88,631,182
British Companies-
Net premium income.. . . 2,071,284 1,903,433 1,956,835 1,935,219 2,201,462
Consideration for annui-
ties.................. . 307 158 308 9,771 1,050
Interest and dividends
on stocks, etc. . . . . . . . . 1,933,401 1,889,512 1,936,229 1,851,191 1,977,211
Sundry items... ..... . 2,197 712 -102 14, 797 86, 640
---
Total cash income l ... . . 4,007,189 3,"'93,815 3,893,270 3,810,9"'8 4,266,363
Foreign Companies-
Net premium income. '" 14,476,565 15,830,132 18,138,725 20,977,014 25,380,673
Consideration for annui-
ties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,217 62,968 148, 542 15,750 40,066
Interest and dividends
on stocks, etc. . . . . . . . . 3,633,145 3,944,510 4,215,168 4,747,572 5,189,215
Sundry items. . . . . . . . . . . 15,237 49,538 41,170 375,416 431, 784
Total cash income l . . . . . 18,137,164 19,887,li8 22,543,605 26,115,"'52 31,OJ1,738
EXPENDITURE.
Canadian Companies---
Payments to policy-
holders............... 25,909,382 24,147,117 27,570,554 33,137,434 38,477,058
Gf'neral expenses. . . . . . . . 11,322,408 12,253,485 14,017,950 16,170,006 21,912,380
Dividends to stockhold-
ers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690,436 510,816 549,005 553,192 558,02
Total expenditure.. .. . . 37,922,226 36,911,418 42,137,509 49,860,632 60,94",,459
Excess of income over
expendi ture . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,915,613 23,339,589 24,095,183 25,416,459 27,683,723
British Companies-
Payments to policyhold-
ers............. ....... 2,182,843 1,990,050 1,997,904 1,706,934 2,149,843
General expenses. . . . . . . . 508,519 485,907 494,348 530,003 667,253
Dividends to stockhold-
ers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
Total expenditure l ... . 2,691,362 2,475,957 2,492,252 2,236,937 2,817,096
Excess of income over
expendi ture . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,315,827 1,317,858 1,401,018 1,574,041 1,449,261

lIncome and expenditure in Canada.

I
VSURAXCE

fi:t7

st.-Cash Inron1t
and t
1:pendlture of ('anadlan Life Companies and Ca'ih Inrome
and t
Ip('ndlture In Canada of Life Companies other than Canadian Companies,
1915-t9t9-concluded.

Seh

cdule. 191.3. 1916. 1917. 191
. 1919.
URE-con. S S S S S
panies-
to policy bold-
.. . . . . . - 8,33.3,383 9,549,992 10,417.237 11, 9ö9, 716 12,386,608
pcnscs. . 3,403.578 3,728,lb2 4,442,426 5,756,211 7,149,276
to stockhold-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - -
uditurcl.....1 tl,ì3S,9Gt 13,2ìS,Ii1 H,S59,663 t;,72.;,9
ì 19,â3ã,88J
income .
vc
1
ure... . 6,39ð, 203 6,608,974 7,683,912 8,389,ð25 11,50.3,854

EXPENDIT

Foreign Com
}>ayml'nts
ers. . . . . .
General e"(
Dividends
ers..... .

Total C.lPt'

Excess of
cxpcndit

llneollle and ('xp('nditure in Canada.

b
.- "et \mount of JAlfe In
uranr(' In forcc In Canad.i, 1911-1919.

Companies. I

1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 191
. UH9.
I
I
S S S S S S
794,520.42
J b:!9.972, ÇO!) t;
5, 5
8.43.j 996,(j!.m.2
2 1,10.3,503,447 1,3G2,631,562
60,770,65S 1 ,jS,OS7,018 1 :;9,151,931 58,ôl7,jOü GO ,29û, 113 66,908,OÛ4
31>6.869.39.1 423.556.&;0! 4t37,499,2û6 529,725,775 619,261,713 758,297,691
I - ... -

Canadian.... .1

British. . . . . . .

Foreign.......

AU... . . . . . . . .II,
12,160,t7h l l,311,616,G;ì 11, 122 1.9,6:$
ll,a
",O-:l2,56:Cll. 'Sa,061,2.31.
,1
7 ,b3. ,317
XOTE.-Sce Canada Year Book, 1911, p. 313 for the years 1875 to 1900, and for the years
1901 to 1913, C. Y. B., 1914. p. 617.

3.-Premium Incom(' or Life COIUIJd.lli('s, 1911:-1919.

Companies.

1914.

1915.

1916.

1917.

1918.

1919.

$

s

s

s

s

s

Canadian.....1 26,047,253 28,546,303 30,296,416 34,599,199 38,728,81.3 47.126,374
British.... . . .1 1,906,998 2,071,592 1,903,590 1,957,143 1,935, 21!1" 2,201,462
Foreign.......1 13,139,844 14,488,783 15,893,099 18,287,267 20,977,013 25,380,673
AU.... . . . ..1 41,091,035 4s,106,6 78 .JS,093,tOâ 56,8-:13,609 6t,6U,O! 7 -W03,599

?ÇOTE.-
n' Canada Year Boùk, 1911, p. 312, for the years 1875 to 1900, and for the vears
1901 to 1913, C. Y. D., 1914, p. fill.

638

FIJ.VANCE

8:i.-Life Insurance on Assessment Plan, 1915-1919.

I terns.

No. certificates taken. . . . .
No. certificates become
claims. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amount paid by members
Amount of certificates new
and taken up. . . . . . . . . . . .
Net amount in force..... . .
Amount of certificates be-
come claims. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Claims paid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unsettled c1aims-
Not resisted............
Resisted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amount terminated by-
Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surrender, expiry, or
lapse, etc... . . . . . . . . . . .
Total terminated. . . . .. . .
Assets-
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loans on real estate.... .
Policy Loans (Liens aris-
ing out of re-adjust-
ment)........ . . . . . . . . .
Stocks, bonds and deben-
tures. . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . .
Cash on hand and in banks
Interest and rent due and
accrued. . . . . . _ . . . . . . . .
Dues from members.....
Other assets........ . . . . .

1915.
4,503
2,072
$
2,332,594
3,152,000
100,421,755
2,275,594
2,254,448
215,426
8,000
1,556,038
22,015,141
23,571,179
1,022,464
7,106,185

19,101,153
13,758,528
1,026,428
397,529
178,022
1,955,345

1916.
3,897
2,243
$
1,931,898

3,299,250
91,681,224
2,202,484
2,147,515
297,160
5, 500
1,482,851
11,928,616
13,411,467
1,061,139
7,430,142

1917.
7,991
2,550
$
5,776,737
6,301,236
109,691,288
2,594,937
2,468,652
375,907
1,000
1,825,695
8,266,146
10J>91 ,841
880,685
9,776,409

18,579,639 25,567,695
13,713,387 14,443,905
749,659 993,669

464,285
93,364
2,679,196

590,270
164,970
1,292,675

1918.
7,193
2,647
$
2,679,637
5,497,819
129,053,773
2,555,462
3,037,860
387,193
2,500
4,381,610
14,849,510
19,231,120
1,428,123
7,789,646

1919.
12,155
2,786
$
2,654,835
10,405,843
134,055,399
2,643,671
2,997,753
180.919
1,992
1,900,633
12,163,679
14,064,312
1,357,738
7,418,138

26,013,580 24,000,472
16,303,729 20,307,673
264,221 609,790

747,850
164,346
4,316,012

650,515
235,262
4,976,927

Total assets. . . . . . . . . ... 44,545,654 44,770,811 53,710,218 57,027,507 59,556,515 2

Liabilities-
Claims, unsettled. . . . . . .
Reserve....... . . . . . . . . . .
Due on account of general
expenses...............
Other liabilities.... .. . . .

458,945 485,903 594,129 590,647 305,672
41,395,398 1 43,241,785 1 48,963,644 1 53,550,029 1 54,187,476 1

8,971
1,047,637

4,962
78,086

20,722 } 2,159,159
3
210, 032

Total liabilities. ..... . '. 42,910,951 43,810,736 52,788,527 56,299,835 55,556,518

1,063,370

Income--
Assessments........ . . . . .
Fees and dues...........
Interest and rents. . . . . . .
Other receipts.. . . . . . . . . .
Total income. . . . . . . . . . .
Expendi ture-
Paid to members........
General expenses.. . . . . . .

Total expel}diture.. . . . .
Excess of income over ex-
pendi ture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,762,454
268,644
1,498,638
2,404
6,532,140

4,518,298
459,990
4,978,288

1 553 852

3,981,676
242,928
2,051,224
65,113
6,3-tO,9.U

4,468,362
446,683
4,915,045

1 425,896

11,316,586
316,293
2,230,332
31,197
13,89<1,408

5,336,489
778,301

6,114,790

7,779,618

5,595,406
173,837
2,579.591
15,727
8,361,561

6,269,903
1,091,611
7,361,514

1,003,047

5,308,692
378,641
2,482,912
136,408
8,306,653

6,007,306
1,150,358
7,157,661

1 148 989

IIndependent Order of Foresters $40,783,811 in 1915, $41,833,439 in 1916, $43,763,143 in
1917, $43,803,952 in 1918 and $44,031,640 in 1919, including a special reserve of $500,000 in
1916, $1,000,000 in 1917, $1,600,000 in 1918 and $1,000,000 in 1919.
2The figure in the text is the book value; the market value of tbese assets was 857,052,508.

ISSll R.1XrlJ

fì3!1

5.- C.'lIadlan \\ar ('Jahns hU'urred, 19"'-1919.

. Dominion LicpnS('{'s. Dominion Liccn::!Ccs.
llritish llri tish
and and
Year Ca.nad ian Forei
n Provincial Year. Canaù ian Foreign Provincial
Policy- Policy- Licensees. Policy- Policy- Licensees.
holders of holders of
holders. Canaù ian holdprs. Canad ian
Com- Com-
panies. panics.
1914. I ! S 1917 S S S
A....... 15,793 55,82ì 1,000 A....... . . 5,011,994 263,248 721,977
B.............. 1,6
2 - 1,000 B......... 375,760 17,724 45,885
C.............. - - - C......... 241,478 12,802 23,855
Total..... . . . 17,415 .Ñ,8"!1 2,000 1'0'al.. . 5,6"!9,232 293,77" 791,717
1915. 1918.
A....... . . , . . 1,607.342 140,380 114,746 A....... . . . 4,181,843 336,749 599,935
IBI..... .. . 299,695 39,231 30,550
B.............. 190,684 15,742 IS,500B ........ 4.
3,RI4 46,037 51,867
C...... . . . . . 141.709 19,138 7, 58:> C. . . . . . . . . ì2,746 16,368 2.770
.
Tot." ....... 1 , !f;
9 ,73.1 1;5,lbU 1IU,
st Total ... 5,uO
J(m
.

, 3S.. GR.., 122
1919. 817. 514 1 127,677
At........ 282,414
1916. 1914-1919. I
:\............... 4,318,839 279,141 4
6, 711 .\......... 15.9.')3,32:> 1,203,022 2,146,783
B......... . . . 226,987 8, 110 1 .j0,411 I B... . 1,54
,562: 126,844' 198,213
C....... . . . . . 15, 112 6,5!J7 1. war 4;"1,045 1 54, !)Ojj 35,710
Total.... _ 4,560,9'1"'1 .)(;J,SIS tì
,6.).! (
rand
-, I 1'otal ..17,9;-.),9: .), 1,3
1,771, 2,3s0,706

ßIEnlisted SOlrliPTS dyin
from influenza, pnpumonia or grippp.
4\.: Enlisted soldiers killed in action, or dyinp; from wounds. B: Enlisu-d soldiers
dying from other causes. C: Othcr persons enJZ;3.g<>d in ",ar service, or civilians dying as
a re8ult of military operations. lAnd additional claims not included above.
S6.- (nsuranc(' oth('r than 1,'lre and (..lfe,1919.

Corn panics.

Policies
in forcp
a tend
of year.

Pre-
miums.

Amount
of Policies
new and
renewed.

60,181
5,613 1
5.5,486 1
10,303 1
4,615 1
none.
not
given. 2&,545 659,001,471 1
Plate Glass...... . . . . . . . 10,232 1 375,473 2
Automobile 3 ....... . . .. . 18,456 1 1.524,279 131,504,681 1
Automobile 4 ....... .. . . . 21,023 1 1,901,704 249,897,297 1
8prinklpr Leakage... . . . 1,298 1 65,172 12,428,
90
Live Stock.... ... . . .. . . 2,237 58.599 2,546,406
Tornado....... . .. . . . .. . 7,130 1 75,646 22,9.jO,730
Explosion........ . .. ... . 514,808 324,500.248
Forgery Ins.......... . . . 1 none. 14,OOJ
lIncomplete. .Plate glass companies having adopted the system of insurance by replace-
ment instead of paying for the value of the glass broken, their returns do not show the amount
of insurance effected during the year, nor the amount in force at the end of the year. 31ncluding
fire risk. 4Excluding fire risk. 6Returns of one company only (Employers' Liability).

950,071
2,540,148
1,311,890
321,8fì2
286,448
2,712,776

11,078,000 1
61,127,836 1
1,611,745 1i
62,154,008 1
33,258,772 1
133,328,831 1

Net. Losses Claims
Amount incurred. paid.
in force.
S $ $
214,628,328 1 26& ,840 310,419
415,539,724 1 779,972 735,759
23,282,490 1 350,712 538,212
54,148,736 1 1,469,649 1,:>61,925
1,409,495 6 785,656 872,792
70,074,242 1 116,841 113,229
63,399,433 1 25,761 32,716
none. 1,798,926 1,805,827
6,654,382 1 261,349 238,287
2 248,416 226,206
73,862,368 1 852,781 779,901
174,828,682 1 954,136 785,507
21,707,227 53,130 35,260
1,291,047 43,377 45,101
36,212,878 245,241 87,746
125,668,116 1,007 1,152
14.000 none. none.

Guarantee.... . . . . . . . . . .
Personal Accident. . . . . .
Personal Accident and
Sickness..... .. . . . . . . .
Employers' Liability.. .
Sickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Burglary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Steam Boiler... . . . . . . . .
Hail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inland Tran
portation...

No. S S
19,268 1 1,138,882 283,934,747 1
90,795 1 2,044,083 567,234,228 1

640

FINANCE

87.-Income and Expenditure and Assets and Liabilities of Canadian Companies
doing Insurance Business other than Fire and Life, 1919.

Excess of Excess of
Cash Cash Income Liabili- Assets
Companies. Income. Expendi- over Assets. ties. over
ture. Expendi- 1 Liabili-
ture. ties.
$ $ $ $ $ S
Boiler Inspection. . . . . . . . . . 144,500 105,049 39,451 417,191 148,293 268,898
Casualty Co. of Canada... 11 , 864 9,883 1,981 28,396 11 , 358 17,038
Chartered Trust and Exe-
cutor Co................ 112,316 92,047 20,269 518,572 84,149 470,423
Dominion-Gresham. . . . _ . 208,236 206,672 1,564 382,070 120,497 261,573
General Animals.......... 78,724 67,176 11 , 548 82,906 40,506 42,400
Guarantee Co. of N.A. . . . 710,024 346,153 363,871 2,566,762 531,333 2,035,429
Merchants Casualty Co.. . 566,069 577,274 -11,205 252,074 155,508 96,566
Merchants' and Employ-
ers' Guarantee and Acci-
dent....... . _ . . . . . . . . . . . 206,456 229,677 -23,221 165,758 80,697 85,061
Protective Association of
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184,915 179,127 5,788 83,847 59,811 24,036
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,223,10J 1,813,058 410,OJ6 4,497,576 1,196,152 3,301,424
I

1 Not including capital stock.

8S.-Income and E1:penditure in Canada of Companies, other than Canadian, doing
Business other than Fire and Life, 1919.

Income (Cash).
,
Companies. Interest
and Total Paid
Pre- Divi- Cash for
miums. dends Income. Losses.
on
Stock.
S $ S $
American and Foreign
Marine....... ....... . 32,212 1,430 33,642 22,001
American Surety. . . . . . . 61,323 3,340 64,663 56,739
British and Foreign
Marine. . . .......... . 312 4,680 4,992 1,198
Continental Casualty... 67,284 1,313 68,597 33,571
Excess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,377 62 131,439 75,578
Federal. . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . 44,564 none. 44,564 38,149
Fidelity and Casualty. 299,030 14,548 313,578 125,815
Hartford Steam Boiler 1,300 1,350 2,650 4,000
International Fidelity.. 6,808 none. 6,808 2,340
Lloyds Plate Glass.... . 48,852 4,188 53,040 33,484
Loyal Protective....... 136,413 2,235 155, 169 1 89,130
Maryland Assurance... . 152,405 5,161 Vj7,566 105,707
Maryland Casualty.... . 343,741 17 , 077 360,818 132,018

Expenditure (Cash).
Excess of
General Total Income
Expendi- Cash over-
tUT{'. Exppndi- Expendi-
ture. ture.
$ $ $
7,303 29,304 4,338
7,474 64,213 450
59 1,257 3,735
26,125 59,696 8, 901
43,552 119,130 12,309
14,203 52,352 -7, 788
159,484 285,299 28,279
none. 4,000 -1,350
341 2,681 4,127
26,267 59,751 -6.711
64,09
153,223 1,946
57,954 16
,661 -6,095
114,662 246,680 114,138

1Jnc1udes sLndries $16,521.

INSUR
tZ.{CE

641

s
.- Income and EXIU'o(Hture III Canada of Compan(rs, other tban Canadian,
doing ßusJlle other than }'Ire and Life, 1919 -concluded.

Income (Cash). Expenditure (Cash).
Interest
Companies. and Excess of
Pre- Divi- Total Paid General Total Income
miums. dends Cash for Expe ndi- Cash over
on Income. Losses. ture. Expendi- Expendi-
Stock. ture. ture.
$ S $ $ $ $ $
National Provincial
Plate Glass... . . . .. . . 15,680 none. 15,680 9,803 7, 664 17,467 -1,787
Kationnl Surety........ 105,560 7,G8g 113,248 16,2;J!) 41, 724 57,983 55,265
New York Plate Glass. 18.641 1,280 19,921 12,929 8,362 21,291 -I, 370
Ocean Marine... . . . . . . . 9,637 4,ü50 14,287 23.300 2,364 25,751 -11,467
Preferred Accident.. . . . 30.õ'\l 59 .
O, 740 9,500 22.941 32.441 -1,701
Rail way Passengers... . 283,
7-l 703 2
4,577 Ill, 379 147,760 259. 139 25,438
Riùgcley Protective.... 65,081 1,398 71,608 1 49,853 15,195 65,04Q 6,560
Security Mut.ual Casu-
al ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 269 2,030 12,299 5,275 685 5,960 6.339
Tra velers' Indemnity
Co., Hartford........ 333,677 12,502 346,179 119,141 137,861 257.002 89.177
1:nited Commercial
Travelers. . . . _ . . . . . . . 22, 640 1,440 24,ObO 7,046 2,647 9,693 14,387
Unit{'d States Fidelity
and Guaranty...... . . 517,362 22,390 539,752 196,843 242,208 439,051 100,701
"'estern Casualty. . . . . . 14,243 975 22,583 1 974 16,675 17,649 4,934
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . 2.152,966 110,499 j 2.S92,tbO t,2S'!J 1 22 1,167,603 2,.U9,72.i 42,755
I

Jlncludes sundries
5.129.

'Includes sundries $7,365.

89.-Dumlnlon and .-rorlnclal Fire In
urance In Canada, 1919.

Net Net in Net Net
Business transacted by insurance (orce Dec. 31, premiums losses
written. 1919. recei ved. paid.
$ S $ $
1. Dominion licensees.... . . . . . . . . . . 5,-123,569,961 4,923.024,381 40,031,474 16,679,35

2: Provincial licensees-
- (a) Provincial companies within
provinces by which they are
incorporated. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 399,603,451 915,877,287 3,992,321 1,924.719
(b) Provincial companies \\ithin
provinces other than those by
which they are incorporated 36,020,837 89,065,690 309,871 158,219
Total for Provincial Companies.. 435,624,288 1,004,942,977 4,302,192 2,082,938
Grand Totals.... . . . . . . . . . . . Õ,
9,19!,2!91 5,927,9G7,3ãð 44,333,&6G 18,762,293

lð42i-41

642

FINANCE

90.- Dominion and Provincial Insurance in Canada, other than Fire and Lif
. 1919.

2. Provincial licensees-
(a) Provincial companies within provinces by which they
are incorporated.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Provincial companies within provinces other than
those by which they are incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) British and Foreign Companies. ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total for Provincial Companies.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net Net
premiums losses
recei ved. paid.
$ $.
16,150,386 8,170,039
2,306,563 1,134,601
549,938 465,747
30,794 26,532
2,887,295 1,626,880
19,037,681 9,796,919
than Fire and Life, 1919.

Business transacted by

1. Dominion licensees. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Grand Totals... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.- Dominion and Provincial Insurance in Canada, other

NET PREMIUMS RECEIVED.

Provincial Licensees.
(a) (b) (c)
Prov. Cos Prov. Coso
Class of business. Dominion within wi thin prov. Total Grand
Licensees. provinces other than British Provincial Totals.
by which those by and Licensees
they are which they Foreign.
incorp. are incorp.
$ $ $ S S S
'Accident.. . . . . . . . . . . . 2,044,083 7,259 865 - 8,124 2,052,207
Accident and Sickness
com bined ... . . . . . . . 950,071 124,434 78,330 - 202,764 1,152,835
" (Fraternals) - 86,452 80,241 28,618 195,311 195,311
Automobile (including
Fire risk). . . . . . . . . . . 1,524,279 26,748 9,567 - 36,315 1,560,594
Automobile (excluding
Fire risk). . . . . . . . . . . 1,901,704 30, 148 8,018 - 38,166 1,939,870
Burglary. . . . . . . . . . . . . 321,862 9,317 - - 9,317 331,179
Employers' Liability. 2,540,148 110,885 - - 110,885 2,651,033
Explosion. . . . . . . . . . . . . 514,808 - - - - 514,808
Funeral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 306,364 - - 306,364 306,364
" (Fraternals). . . - 34,915 - - 34,915 34,915
Guarantee............ 1,138,882 36,161 2,093 - 38,254 1,177,136
Hail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,712,776 226,079 187,025 - 413,104 3,125,880
Inland Transportation 288,545 106 - - 106 288,651
Live Stock.. . . . . . . . . . 98,599 11,181 9,882 - 21,063 119,662
Plate Glass..... . . . . . . 375,473 78,972 1,513 - 80,485 455,958
Sickness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,311,890 3,923 - - 3,923 1,315,813
" (Fraternals). . - 726,288 808 2,176 729,272 729,272
Sickness and Funeral -
combined (Frater-
nals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 434,632 171,596 - 606,228 606,228
Sprinkler Leakage.. . . 65,172 - - - - 65,172
Steam Boiler... . . . . . . 286,448 - - - - 286, 448
Tornado.
. . . . . . . . . . . . 75,646 - - - - 75,646
Weather. .. . . . . . . . . . . . - 52,699 - - 52,699 52,699
Totals.. .... . . . . . . 16,150,386 2,&06,563 649,938 30,794 2,887,295 19,037,681

I
YSl'R
L' (']<'

t)4

91.-1)omlnlon and l
ro,hlt'lalln
lIrall(,(' In {'
'Il:.da, other than }'Ire and Ilfl'. 191'

ET LOSSES PAID. -concludpd.

Class of busin .::>:;.

Accident. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acci.lent and Sickness
com Lined. . . . . . . . . . .
(( (Fratcrnals)
Automobile (including
Fire risk)... . . . . . . . .
Automobile (excluding
Fire risk). . . . . . . . . . .
Burglary. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employers' Liability
Explosion. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fun('ral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
" (Fmternals)
Guarantee.... . . . . . . . .
Hail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inland Transportation
Live Stock.. . . . . . . . . .
Plate Glas
...... . . . . .
Sickness. . .. . . . . . . . . . .
" (Fraternals).
Sickness and Funeral
combined (Frater-
nals). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sprinkler Leakage.. . .
Steam Boiler.... . . . . .
Tornado...... . . . . . . . .
".eather............. .

I Provin
ial Li('en
ces.
(a) J (b) (c)
Prov.Cm
. Provo Coso
Dominion "ithin "ithin prov.
Licensees. provinces other than British
by "hich those by and
they are which they roreign.
incorp. arc incorp.

$
735,759
538,212

779,901
785,507
113,229
1,561.925
1,152

310,419
1, R05,

7
23
,2S7
45,101
22n,206
872,792

35,260
32,716
87,746

$
818
37,624
73,S45
10,238
10,769
6.746
84,485

9,295
47,G!J7
3,433
iJ2,378
6
7,067
34,229
1,429
599,610

110,258

Total
........ . . 8,170,039 1,13t.601

4,674

Total Grand
Provincial Totals.
Licensees

$
423

s

1, 241
58,504
182,175
14,572
12,820
6,74ü
84,485

20, AAO
S3,613
4,334

24,717

2,051

9,638
3,382
191,952

9,295
57,335
6,815
284,330
6
]';,550
35,068
1,429
611,551

8,.tb3
839

10, 126

1,815

130,026

240,284

4,674

92.-DomÎnion and Prmindal Lift' Insurance In Canada, 1919.

16",747

S
737,000
596,716
IS2,17f
794,473
798,327
119, !J75
1,646,410
1,152
9,2n5
57,335
317,2
4
2,ono, 157
23R,293
60,651
261,274
874,221
611,551

240,284
35,260
32,716
87, 746
4,674

26,532 1,G.)6.8
O 9.;96.919

J New Xet Net I Ket
Business transacted by I policies issued in force Dec. premiums death
(gross) . 31, 1919. received. claims paid.
1. Dominion licensees- S
S S
(a) Life companies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572,906,085 2,187,837,317 74,946,592 20,625,949
(b) Fra ternals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,405,843 134,055,399 2,654,835 2,102,648
Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583,311,92S 2,321,b92,716 71,601,421 22,728,597
2. Provincial licensees-
(a) Provincial companies within
province by which they are
incorporated.
(i) Life companies. . . .. . . . 3,587,654 10,901,754 356,011 62,325
(ii) Fraternals............ 2,646,278 96,892,402 2,110,054 1,887,817
(b) Provincial companies in pro-
vinces other than those by
which they are incorporated.
(i) Life companies. .... . . . 2,096,150 5,542,014 155,177 38,205
(ii) Fraternals............ 3,769,750 57,664,607 941,230 830,167
(c) British and foreign companies
(i) Fraternals............ 4,780,150 52,853,015 845,361 818,156
Totals for Provincial companies. . . . 16,879,982 223,853,792 4,-101,833 3,636,670
Grand Totals..... . . . . . . . . . . . . 600,191,910 2,545, '146,50ð 82,809,268 26,365,267

18427
li

644

FINANCE

93.-FJre Insurance effected on property in Canada, under Section 129 of the Insurance
Act, 1917, by Companies, Associations or Underwriters not licensed to transact
business in Canada.

Companies.

Amount of
Insurance.

$
Lloyds' Associations........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43,936,744
Reciprocal Underwriters................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 33,664,370
Mutual Companies....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 249,242,972
Stock Companies..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47,629,151
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 374,473,237

Description of Property.
Lumber and Lumber Mills.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,314,420
Other Industrial Plants and Mercantile Establishments....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 277,579,237
Stock and Merchandise.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,696,934
Rail way Property and Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18, 637, 293
1tliscellaneous. . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,245,353
Total.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. 314,473,231

Amount by Provinces.

P. E. Island.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Nova Scotia........... . . . ... .
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$ I
6,600 Saskatchewan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10,420,674 Alberta......................
17,707,677 British Columbia..... . .... . .
136, 339, 376 Yukon.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
171,689,265
9,559,934 Total. .... . . . . . . . . . . . .

$
4,757.900
5,186,153
18,748,368
57,290
374,473,237

XII.-ADMINISTRA TION.

P ARLIAJ.'IENT AR Y REPRESENTATION.
Representation by Provinces.-The four original provinces
of the Dominion were Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Bruns-
\vick, \vhich \vere given parliamentary representation according to
Section 37 of the British North America Act, 1867. By Imperial
Orders in Council the provinces of British Columbia and Prince
Ed\vard Island were admitted into the Dominion, the former on
July 20, 1871, by Order dated
Iay 16, 1871, and the latter on July 1,
1873, by Order dated June 26, 1873. .An .Act of the Dominion
Parliall1ent of May 12, 1870 (33 Viet., c. 3), provided for the formation
of the province of Manitoba out of Rupert's Land and the Northwest
Territories, so soon as these .should be admitted into the Dominion
of Canada, which admission was effected by Imperial Order in Council
dated June 23, 1870, taking effect on July 15, 1870. In consequence
of doubts as to the legal validity of the Dominion Act of 1870 (33
Yict., c. 3), the Imperial Parliament passed an Act in 1871 (34-35
'Tict., c. 28), making the Canadian Act valid and effectual.
Parliament of Canada -The Parliament of the Dominion of
Canada consists of the Senate with 96 members and of the House of
Commons \vith 235 members, senators being appointed for life by the
Governor-General and members of the Ho use of Commons being

PARLI...L1IENT
lRY REPRESE
VTA710
V

tH5

plecte(I hy t he peo1>I
. rrhp ordinary legalliInit of duration for cach
parlialuellt i
five years, but by ...\ct of the hnperial Parli[tInent
(ö-7 Ceo. 'T., c. 19), pa
-.:ed June 1, 191ß, and intituled :In r\ct to
alnend the' British
orth .\Iueric:1 Act, 18ö7, the duration of the
12th !>arli:ullcnt of Canada 'Ya
pxtende(! until Octohcr 7, un 7.
1'he 12th Parli:uuent ,vas di:-\:-,oh.e(1 by proel
lI11ati()n of the Goyernor
GCIleral on October û, 1
Jl7, and the 13th Parliall1Cnt of Canada
,va
clectpd on Decclnhcr 17, 1917. .\ l{pdi.,tribution ...\ct pab
e(l
after each census readjust:; thc nUlnher of rpprc"'ÏpntatÏ\.cs in the
IIou:-,c of COllllnOnS in accordance with rulcs laid dCHvn in '-;pction
51 of the Briti:.;h K ort h .A,nlCrica .Act, 18ß7, of the lIuperial Parli:uueut
(30-31 Yict., c. 3). rrlH'se r111p"'Ï provide t ha t t hp province of Qupbee
shall al,,'ays have a fixe,! nUluber of (j.') 111 PIll ber:-\ , and that there
shall he a::-:
i
nl'd to cal"h of thl' other proyinces :"Iuch a nUluh('r of
InelHher
as ".ill hear the :-\
lnle proportion to thf' nUlnher of its popu-
lation (ascertaine(l by the cpusus) as the lHunher ö5 h..:lrs to the
population of Quehec. Tlo,vcvcr, hy :1n :tffi('IHhnent to the Bri1 i:;h
Xurth Ånlcrica \et p:1...
pd hy the IIIl})prial Parli:\1l1Pnt in IH!.,)
(3-G (1(;0. ,yo., c. 13), it 'va.... enacted that "not".ith::5tancling anything
ill the said
\ct, a province
hall ahvay'" be: entitled to a nUluher
of IHPlubers in the llou:;c of rOlnnlollH llot !t\:-\:-; than the Jllllnbpr of
senators representing such provinc('." \... a ('on... 'quence of this
:l1nendnlcnt the rcprc::,cntation ùf Prince Ed\\.ar(! 1
Ltnd hac; relnaincd
at 4 nleluLcr
.
The Senatc-I'hc u'.lIneric tl rclpl'cl--3nt:tti Ul of the S
n lÌe hy
proyinces b as follo".:5: Prince E(hvard 1=",l
lllll 1, X ova Scoti.t 10,
X (''v Brun
,vif'k 10, (luc\)pc 2-1-, Ont3rio 2 L :\Ianitoha (),
a
katche"..ln
6, Alherta ö, l
riti:-ih rohunbia (,. rrotal HH.
Ilouse of C0J11111ons.- The repres('nt
ltion of the people in the
House of Commons has hepn go,.erncd by Acts of the Uon1Ïnion
Parli:lIuent pas:-;ed in IHO:{, lUO-i-, and If)07 (:3 Elhv. VII, c. GO; -1- Echv.
'.11, c. 3:1; ö -7 Ethv. ViI, c.
ll). The pro,.ince
of Sa
k.ltehp,v:ln and
A.lberta ,vere cre:lted by .A.ets of the DOlninion Parli
unent passed in
1 no.') (t-.
E(hv. YII, ('('. :
and --12), anr1 after the X ortlnvest Cpnsus
of lOOn the Iteprp:.:entation A.ct ,vas Hluendpd hy an Act of April 27,
1007 {7 Edw'. YII, c. 41), ".hich gave 8a
kat('he,van ten rllelnhers
and A.lhcrt
1 :-;ev('n 111en1h('rs after the next en"uing election of October
2ö, 1DOö. 1'he scvpu additional mplnhpr:-, thus
ivell to S:l
k.tt('he,van
and
\lberta brought the representation of Canada. in thp IIoll:-\e of
Comnlons up to 221. The Repr('..;eutation Act, 1fH:1 (4-5 (
eo. 'T.,
c. 51), ,yhif'h ,vas a

ented to on JUlle 12, 1914, caIne into oper.:ltion
for the election of the 13th Parliament of ran
da. An alllf'nding \ct
(5 Geo. 'V., c. 19), a11(1 the Ilnperi'll Art ;-)-ß (Geo. Y., c. -l3), pro-
vide that the l{ou
c of Comlnon
shall con
ist of 2:3.) Inenlher

di
tributed by provinre:-; as follo,y:-;: Prince E(hvard I '31and 4. X ova

cotia, lö, X ew Bruns,,-ick 11. Quehpc G3, Ontario 82,
Ianitoha
15, S
l
katchewan 1ß, .L\lhert:\ 12, Rriti
h Cohllnhia 13 allfl 'Yukon
Territory 1. Table 1 ShO"7S the repre
entation in the House of Com-
mons according; to the dbtrict5 of the Repre:--entation A.ct, 191-t, 3nd
of thf' alnending Act (.
Gpo. 'T., r. 19).

646

ADJII.lVISTRATION

t.-Representation in the House of Commons according to the Districts of the
Representation Act, 191i.

Provinces and Districts.

Canada.
Prince Edward Island.

Kings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prince. . _ _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Queens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ .
N O\'a Scotia.

Antigonish and Guys-
borough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cape Breton North and
Victoria. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cape Breton South and
Richmond. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Colchester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cumberland. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Digby and Annapolis. . . . . .
Halifax City and County..
Hants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inverness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lunenburg............... .
Pictou. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shelburne and Queens.....
Yarmouth and Clare. . . . . .

New Brunswick.
Charlotte. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gloucester.... .... . .......
Kent......................
Northumberland......... .
Restigouche and l\iada-
waska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Royal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. John City and County
and Albert County.. . . . .
Victoria and Carleton.....
Westmorland............. .
york-Sunbury............ .

Quebec. 2
Argenteuil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bagot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beauce. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Popu-
lation,
1911.

Repre-
senta- Provinces and Districts.
tion.

7,206,6i3 1
93,728

22,636
32,779
38,313
192,338

29,010
29,888
66,625
23,664
40,543
29,871
80,257
19,703
25,571
21,780
33,260
35,858
24,211
32,097

35t,889
21,147
32,662
24,376
31,194
32,321
31,491
63,263
33,034
44,621
37,780

2,005,779
16,766
18,206
51,399

235
4
1
1
2
16

Quebec-con.

Popu-
lation,
1911.

20,802
21,141
19,872
28, 11 0
13,216
28,715
39,824
27,972
26,562
65,888
29,630
25,096
41,590
35,001
34,192
23,911
20,888
31,149
19,335
28,506
25,275
28,913
16,435
22,158
16,509
27,539
31,314
17,466
17,356
44,884
55,943
45,176
33,796
41,541
34,794
45,141
56,088
44,057
38,883
51,937
62,521
30,055
29,416
30,260
28,046
30,922

Repre-
senta-
tion.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1 Including 5,900, the population of the Northwest Territories.
2 Includes portion of Northwest Territories added to Quebec by the Extension of
Boundaries Act, 1912, with a population of 2,547.
N oTE.-Included in the total population of Quebec are the following unorganized parts
and their respective populations, which are not attached to any county, viz.-Abitibi 910,
East Main 160,
Iistassini 191, Nemiskau 56, Rupert's House 445, Stratton Island 3, Was-
wanipi 301.

1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Beauharnois............ .
Bellechasse. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Berth ier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bonaventure............ .
BroIlle.................. .
Chambly and Verchères.
Cham plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Charlevoix- Montmorency
Chateauguay- Huntingdon
Chicoutimi-Saguen ay 2. "
Compton. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dorchester..............
Drummond and Artha-
baska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaspé. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hull. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.Joliette. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kamouraska. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Labelle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laprairie- N apierville. . . . .
L' Assomption-Montcalm.
Laval-Deux-Montagnes.. .
Levis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L'Islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lotbinière... . . . . . . . . . . . .
:\laskinonge..... . . . . . . . . .

I{atane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
M
g
ntic:........ . . . . . . . .

hSSlqUOl..... . . . . . . . . . . .
Montmagny. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Montreal Island-
Hochelaga...... . . . . . . .
Jacques Cartier. . . . . . . .
Laurier-Outremont.. . . .
Maisonneuve. . . . . . . . . . .
Ste. Anne. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Antoine.. . . . . . . . . . .
St. Denis... . . . . . . . . . . .
\Vestmount-St. Henri. .
St. James....... .......
St. Laurent-St. George.
George-Etienne Cartier
St. Mary........ . . . . . . .
Nicolet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pontiac..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Portneuf.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Quebec County. . . . . . . . . .
Que bee E.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1

65
1
1
1

J> -1RLI.1JIE..\ T..1RY llEPRF

E_VTA TID;.\'"

t147

1. - Ut'I)rt'st'nfafion in tlat" lIous(' of l.oll1mon
a('l'ordill
to the Distrids of tile
Ut'l)rt's('utatlon .\('t, 19lt -con.

Provincr>; and District::!.

(1lwht'C -concludpd.

QUl'h{'(' ;-:..................
Qw.l)('c W........... ......
Hi('ht'lipu.. . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
Hi('hmond anù Wolfe......
H.imouski..... . . . .

t. 11\ tu.inthc-Rouville...
St. Jf'àn-Iol'rville.........
Shrfford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
fo'herhrooke.. . . . . .
f'tan
h'ad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tembcouata.... . .. . . . . . . .
Trrn.honne......... . . . .. . .
Thn'e Hivers and
t.
Maurire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vaudreuil-Soulanges. . .. . . .
". righ t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1- tuna.ska. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ontario.!

}>opu-
lation,
1911.

Rrpn.....

. nta- Provinl'es and Districts.
tion.

Popu-
lat ion,
1911.

46,300
2:J,4f),:)
27,300
21 , 23

4
,714
27, 110
32,R92
17,141
2
,
fi,)
77,182
25,077
22,294
2fi,547
22,102

0,2
5
18,947
1.3,499
2ti. 151
37,ß41
2ß, um

17,150
23, (H 7
27,852
39.434
35,294
24,4;99
25, Of 0
37,07ß
43,9:>6
53, 712
54,792
57,S04
59,609
51,31

36,49!J
3
,619
28,988
42,163
22,292
32,200
34,ß
4
32,864
33,306
34,45S
22,41,5

Rrprc-
spnta-
tion.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

.\lJ,!;oma E................
Ab
ol1la " . . .. . .. --
Brant. .. .....
Rrantford City.. ... ..
Bruce
. ....
Bruce,
..
Carleton.. . . . . . . . . . . .
DufT('rin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dundas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durham... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eb:dn E.............. . . . . .
Elgin \, .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
E::5sex K................. .
E::5s('x b....... ...........
:Fort William and Rainy
River. ...... .. . . . . . . . . . . 33,626 1
}'rontenac........... ..... 21.944 1
Glengarry and Stormont.. 38,226 1
Gr('nvillc................. 17,545 1
Grey X.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,9.57 1
Gr(')
................... 31,934 1
Haldimand............... 21',562 1
Halton....... . . .. . . . . . . . . . 22,208 1
Hamilton E.... . . .. . . . . . . . 39,793 1
Hamilton W.............. 37,279 1
Hastings
............... 24,978 1
Hastings W............... 30,825 1
Huron X.................. 26,880 1
Huron S.................. 26,007 1 Brandon......... 39,734 1
Kent...................... 52,439 1 Dauphin................. 23,371 1
King
ton....... .. . . . . . . .. . 20, ß60 1 Li:,gar... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,978 1
Lambton E...............
5, 779 1 \Iacdonald............... 20,802 1
Lambton, "..... . .. . . . ... 29,109 1
Iarquette..... .. .. . . . 32,3R4 1
Lanark.................... 34,375 1 Xclson 2 ..................11,973 1
Leeds..................... 36,753 1
e('pawa............. .23,913 1
Lennox and Addington.. ... 20,380 1 Portage la Prairie..... . . .. 22,059 1
Lincoln. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,429 1 Provl.ncher.. . . . . . . . .. .. 23,996 1
I Includes portion of
orthwest Territories added to Ontario by thp Extension of
Boundaries Act, 1912, with a population of 4,018. 21ncludes portion of Northwest Territories
added to
Ianitoba by the Extension of Boundaries Act, 1912, with a population of 6,016.

Ollt:ario- -concluded.

24,163
3U,50Ü
19,810
39,491
23,Uj1
35,4i3
21,ö82
23,9ïü
23, 211
20,7ü5

6.430
29,018
36,1:>3
20,439
23,8(ì2

0,387

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

London. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

liddlf'Sf'X E... .... ..

Iiddlf'
(,x, \\ ............

I u:--koka... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X ipi
:--ing.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Xorfolk............. ..

ort hUIll berland... .. . . . .
()ntario X.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(}ntario H... ... . . . . . .
( )t ta \\ a. . . . . . . . .
Oxford X. . . . . . . .
Oxford :--\... . . . . . . .
Parry ::;ound..... . .. ....
Peel. . . . . . . . . .
Pcrth N....
I'l'rth
..... . . . . . . .
p('tf.rborough E.....
Pl'tt'rhorough \\ . . . . . . .
Port .Arthur and Kenora I
l'rpscot t. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pri ncp Ed ward. . . . . . . . . . .
Henfr('w
. . . . . . . . .
({('nfr('w S... .. . . .. .. . . . .
l{u"';
f'll......... ......
:-\iIllCOf' E.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rinl("()(' X......... . . . . .

im('()(' f-:. . . . . . . . . . . .
Timi:--kaming... . . . . .
Toronto
outh.... .. . . . . .
Toronto Fast. . . . . . . . . .
Toronto \f'ntrp... .. .
Toronto West.... . .. . . . . .
Toronto (Parkdale)... . . .
Toronto Korth...........
Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . .
Wat('rloo N......... . . . . .
Waterloo 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
WeIland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wellington
. ..........
Wcllington S.. .......
\\cntworth....... ......
York E... . . . . . .
York \\...... .. ...
York
..... "
York X.. . . . .. ..

5
; "!
r"W

....)

37,91),')
2
,752
19,2:>9
20,üli
23,7fi3
2ü,24U
24,417
17,740
25,973
26,411
17,597
26,715
38,000
29,541

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

.3lanitoba. 2

J61 G:
O

15

648

ADMINISTRATION

I.-Representation in the House of Commons according to the Districts of the
Representation Act, 1914:-concluded.

Popu- Repre- Popu- Repre-
Provinces and Districts. la tion, senta- ProvInces and Districts. lation, senta-
1911. tion. 1911. tion.
lUanitoba-concluded. Alberta. 374:,663 12
Selkirk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,650 1 Battle River............. 26,140 1
Sour is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,133 1 Bow River. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,044 1
Springfield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,527 1 Calgary E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,172 1
\Vinnipeg Centre........ . . . 58,903 1 Calgary W.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30,211 1
'Yinnipeg North..... . . . . . . 4.5,682 1 Edmonton E.. . . . . . . . . . . . 32,188 1
'Yinnipeg South. . '. .. . ... . 35,525 1 Edmonton 'V. . . . . . . . . . . . 34,956 1
I,ethbridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29,552 1
Macleod. . . . . . . . .............. .. 30,e85 1
. Medicine Hat....... '" .. 24,481 1
Red Deer........ '" . '" . 37,815 1
Saskatchewan. 4:92,4:32 16 Strathcona....... . .. . . . . . 28,501 1
Victoria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,918 1
Assiniboia.. . . . . . . . . . .... .... 31,975 1
Battldord. _ . .... . 21,753 1 British Columbia. 392,4:80 13
Battleford North......... . 24,017 1
Humboldt.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,126 1 Burrard.......... .... . .. . 48,493 1
Kind('rsh'y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,937 1 Cari boo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,908 1
Last Mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . 32,464 1 Comox-Alberni.......... . 16,777 1
Maple Creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,869 1 Fraser Valley. . . . . . . .. . . . . 22,848 1

IcKenzie......... .... . . 36,921 1 Kootenay E. . . . . . . . . . 22,399 1
Moosejaw.... . . . . . . . . . 31,552 1 Kootenay W.. . . . . . . . . . 28,373 1
Prince Albert. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,162 1 N anaimo. . . . . . . . .. . 31,822 1
Qu'Appelle......,........ . 30,470 1 Skeena. . . . . . . . . . . _ 25,486 1
Regina. . . . . . .............. .. 44,441 1 Vancouver Centre....... . 60,104 1
Sa
katoon. . . . . . . . ........ ........ 31,539 1 Vancouver South......... 20,446 1

altcoats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,332 1 VictorIa City..... ... " .. 31,660 1
Swif t Current. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,793 1 Westminster, New....... 29,098 1
Weyburn..... . ... .... ............. 31,081 1 Yale. . . . . . . ........... ... ........ 28,066 1
Yukon Territory. 8,512 1

2.-Governors-GeneraI of Canada, 1867-1921.

Name.

Date Date
of
of assumption
appointment. of office.
June 1, 1867 July 1, 1867
Dec.29, 1868 Feb. 2, 1869
May 22, 1872 June 25, 1872
Oct. 5, 1878 Nov.25, 1878
Aug. 18, 1883 Oct. 23, 1883
May 1, 1888 June 11, 1888
May 22, 1893 Rept.18, 1893
July 30, 1898 Nov.12, 1898
Rept.26, 1904 Dec. 10, 1904
Mar.21, 1911 Oct. 13, 1911 .
Aug. 19, 1916 Nov. 11 , 1916
Aug. 2, 1921 Aug. 11, 1921

Vi
count Monck, G.C.M.G........ .. ... ......... .........
Lord Lisgar, G.C.M.G. (Rir John young)......... .. .........
The Earl of Dufferin, K.P., K.C.B., G.C.M.G.........
The Marquis of Lorne, K.T., G.C.M.G......
Thc Marquis of Lansdowne, G.C.M.G...........
Lord Stanley of Preston, G.C.B... . . . . . .
Thc Earl of Ahcrde('n, K.T., G.C.M.G....
The Earl of Minto, G.C.l\1.G............
The Earl Grey, G. C .M. G. .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . '" . . .
Fidd-Marshal H.R.H. the Dukc of Connaught, K.G........
ThC' Duke of Devonshire, K.G., G.C.l\LG.. G.C.V.O........
Gen('ral the Lord Byng of Vimy, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., M.V.O

])OlII
'IOA\ PARLIAJIEÞlTS

649

3.- HomInlon .-arliaments, lS6."-19.
I.

urn ber of Sl:S-
Parliaments. sion.
1st
1st I 2nd
Parliament.. . 3rd
4th
5th
2nd { 1st
Parliament. . 2nd
1st
3nl ! 2nd
Parliament. . 3rd
4th
5th
1st
4th { 2nd
Parliament.. . 3rd
4th
( l
t
5th t 2nd
Parliament. . 3rd
4th
J 1st
6th 2nd
Parliament 3rd
\ 4th
1st
2nd
7th { 3rd
Parliamcnt. . 4th
5th
6th
1st
8th
2nd
Parliament. . 3rd
4th

5th
1st
9th { 2nd
Parliament. . 3rd
4th
1st
10th { 2nd
Parliament. . 3rd
4th

Date of Date of
Opening. Prorogation.
XO\. 1, I
ß7 )(ay ,).) I
ßS
---,
\pril 15, 18û
) June 22, l
m)
}"eb. 15, 1870 \lay 12, lR70
F('b. 15, Is71 \pril 14, IS71
..\pril 11, Ib72 Junc 14, 1
72
'Iar. 5, 1873 }\.ug. 13, 1
73
Oct. 23, 1873 Kov. 7, 1
73

Iar. 26, IS74
lay 2û, 1874
rev. 4, Ib75 April 8, If'75
Feb. 10, Ih7û April 12, 1
7G
Feb. 8, 1877 .April 2S, IS77
Feu. 7, Ib7S
1ay 10, 187

Feu. 13, 1"79
[ay 15, IS79
Feb. 12, 18S0
Iay 7, IhSO
D('(. . 9, lS\SO )Iar. 21, 11--....1
Feu. 9, Ibö2
lay 17, ISð2
reh. b, 1

3 )[ay 9- 18
3
_a,
Jan. 17, 1
"4 April 19, 1

4
Jan. 29, 1&:; July 20, u
s.')
Feb. 9- ISS6 June ') IS86
_.), -,
April 13, 1

7 June 23, I
S7
1.'eu. 23, ISSS Mav 22, 1
:-.S
Jan. :n, 1
8f1
Iay 2, IS1--!t
Jan. 16, 1
90
Iay 16, 18HO
_\pril 29, J."i 9 1 t;('pt. 30, 1
!I1
Feu. 25, ISU2 July 9, 1
!1

Jan. 26, IS
13 A\pril I, 1 "!J:i
Mar. 15, 1894 Jul)- 23, 1894
\pril IS, IS9:; July 9,} IMI5
.....,
Jan. 2, 1
!J6 April
J, 18V6
Au
. 19, IS96 Oct. 5, 1896
Mar. '}- 1897 June 29, lð!J;
...a,
Feb. 3, 1ð98 June 13, IS9R
\1 ar. 16, 1899 A\U
. 11, 1
!J9
Feb. 1, HIOO July IS, 1900
reh. 6, 1901
Iay 23, 1901
reu. 13, 1902
Iay 15, 1902
\far. 12, HlO3 Oct. 24, 1903
)[ar. 10, 1904 Aug. 10, 1904
Jan. 11, 1905 July 20, 1905
)lar. 8, 1906 July 13, 1906

ov. 22, 1Y06 A \pril 27, 1907
Xov. 28, 1907 July 20, 1908
Jan. 20, 1909
Iay 19, 1909
Xov. 11, 1909 )Iay 4, 1910
Nov. 17, 1910 July 29, 1911

Days Elections, 'Hits
of returna.bl(', dissolutions,
scs- and h'n
ths of
sion. Parlialll('nts.
118 1
ü!) \UV;., bept., 1867 '
87
('pt. 24, 1867 4
59 July 8, 1872.'
6;) 4 y., 9 m., 15 d.-
July, Aug., S<'pt., '72. 1
81 ' Sept. 3, 1872. 4
16 Jan. 2, 1874.'
) 1 y., 4 111., 0 d.'
G2 Jan. 22, lR74 3
6-1 Feb. 21, 1874. 4
G3 Aug. 17, 1878. 1
80 4 y., 5 m., 25 d.-
93
92 }&>pt. 17, 1878.'
86 Xov. 21, 1
78.4
103
lay 1
, 1"82.&
98 3 ) ., 5 111., 28 d. 1I
107 rune 20, 11>82.'
94 _\ug. 7, IS82. 4
173 Jan. 15, 1
87.1
98 4 y., 5 111., 10 d. 1I
,..'} reb. 22, 1887.'
i...
gO April 7, lð87. 4
92 Feb. 3, Um1. 1
121 3 y., 9 Ill., 27 d. 1I
1.')5
136 tr ut'(' h'5.' 1891.'
tìG \pril 25, 18
11.4
l:n April 24, lR
16.&

ß 5 y., 0 m., 0 d. 1I
111
4S
97 !June n, 1896.'
131 July 13,'18!J6. 4
149 Oct. 9, 1900.'
1()ð 4 y.,
2 m.,:26 d. 1I
107 lKov. 7,1900. 3
90 Dec. 5, 1900. 4
2
7 lciept. 29,1904.'
154 J3 y., 9 m., 26 d. 1I
191 } :-\ov. 3, 1904.'
128 Df'c. 15, I!J04. 4
157 Sept. 17, 190
.1
236 3 y., 9 m., 4 d. 1I

l Oct. 26, 1908. 3
1st 120 Dec. 3, 1908. 4
2nd 175 f July 29, 1911. 6
3rd 196 7 2 y., 7 m., 28 d. 1I
1 Adjourned from 21st December, Ib67, to 12th ::\larch, 1868, to allow the Local Legis-
latures to meet. 2 Adjourned 23rd \Iay till 13th August. 3 Period of general elections.
4 "rits returnable. 'Dissolution of Parliament. 6 Duration of Parliament in years,
months and days. The life of a Parliament is counted from the date of return of election
writs to the date of dissolution, both days inclu5ive. 7 K ot including days (59) of adjourn-
ment from
lay 19th to July 18th.

11 th {
Parliament. .

.

650 AD.L
fINISTRATION
3.-Dominion Parliam('nts, 1861-1921.-concluded.
Days Elections, writs
Number of Ses- Date of Date of of returnable, dissolu-
Parliaments. sion. Opening. Prorogation. ses- tions and lengths of
sion. Parliaments.
1st Nov. 15, 1911 April 1, 1912 139
2nd Nov. 21, 1912 June 6, 1913 173 6
12th ! 3rd Jan. 15, 1914 June 12, 1914 148 )Sept. 21, 1911. 1
Parliament. . 4th Aug. 18, 1914 Aug. 22, 1914 5 Oct. 5, 1911. 2
5th Feb. 4, 1915 April 15, 1915 71 Oct. 6, 1917. 11
6th Jan. 12, 1916 May 18, 1916 127 6 y., 0 m., 0 d. c
7th Jan. 18, 1917 Sept. 20, 1917 207 6
1st Mar. 18, 1918 May 24, 1918 68
2nd Feb. 20, 1919 July 7, 1919 138
13th ! 3rd Sept. 1, 1919 Nov. 10, 1919 71 fDec. 17, 1917.'
Parliament. . 4th Feb. 26, 1920 July 1, 1920 127 Feb. 27, 1918. 2
5th Feb. 14, 1921 June 4, 1921 111 J

1 Period of general elections. 2 Writs returnable. I Dissolution of Parliament.
4 Duration of Parliament in years, months, and days. The life of a Parliament is counted
from the date of return of election writs to the date of dissolution, both days inclusive.
IiNot including days (25) of adjournment from Dec. 19th, 1912, to Jan. 14th, 1913. 6 Not
including days (39) of adjournment from Feb. 7th to April 19th, 1917.

4.-Dominion l\linistries, 1896-1920.

Office.

Name.

Date of
Appointment.

EIGHTH :MINISTRY.

Premier and president of Council.. Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid Laurier....... July
Minister of Trade and Commerce. RightHon. Sir Richard J. Cartwright July
Secretary of State................. Hon. R. W. Scott.................... July
Hon. Charles Murphy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Oct.

11, 1896
13, 1896
13, 1896
10', 1908

Minister of Justice... . .. .......... Hon. Sir Oliver :Mowat........ . . . . . .. July 13, 1896
Hon. David Mills.................... Nov. 18, 1897
Hon. Charles Fitzpatrick......... . . .. Feb. 11, 1902
Hon. Sir Allen B. Aylesworth... . . . .. June 4. 1906

Minister of Marine and Fisheries... Hon. Sir Louis Henry Davies........ July 13, 1896
Hon. James Sutherland.............. Jan. 15, 1902
Hon. J. Raymond F. Préfontaine..... Nov. 11, 1902
Hon. Louis P. Brodeur 1 .............. Feb. 6, 1906
Hon. Rodolphe Lemieux 1 .... . . . . . . . . . Aug. 11. 1911
?tfinister of Militia and Defence.... Hon. Sir Frederick \V. Borden........ July 13, 1896
Postmaster GeneraL...... . . . . . . . . Hon. Sir 'Yilliam Mulock.. ... . . . . . . . . July 13, 1896
Hon. Allen B. Aylesworth......... '. . Oct. 16, 1905
Hon. Rodolphe Lemieux. . . . . . . . . . . . . June 4, 1906
Hon. Henri S. Beland..... . . . . .... .. . Aug. 11, 1911
Minister of Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . Hon. Sydney A. Fisher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 13, 1896

Minister of Public 'Vorks..... . . . .. Hon. Israel J. Tarte....... ... . . . . .. .. July 13, 1896
Hon. James Sutherland................ Nov. 11, 1902
Hon. Charles S. Hyman............. May 22, 1905
Hon. William Pugsley....... . . . . . . . .. Sept. 13, 1907
1 Also Minister of Naval Service.

DO UllYIO.V ]II1\
ISTRIES

651

".-I)om nlon 'lirustries 1S!Jf;-I!J
U -con.

Office.

Nu.m('.

Dat('
of
Appointn1('nt.

EIGHTH MI,\"1STRy-conclud('d.
Ministt'r of Finance...... Hon. William S. Fidding...... . . . . . .. July 13. 18H6

Mini::;t('r of Hailways and CannI8.. lIon. \ndr('w G. ßlair...........
Hon. H('l1ry . R Emmf'r!"on.....
lion. G('orgc P. Graham.....

July 1::J, l
!H'
.Jan. 15. In04

ppt. 13, 1907

Mini::;ter of Inft.rior. . .. . . . . . . . .

Hon. Clifford
ifton......... . . . . . . '. .
Hon. Frank Oliv('r. ....... . . .

Xov.
_\pril

l\[inÌ::;u'r of Customs........ .. . .. ., IIon. William Putt'r:-.on....... . .. . . . .. June
,rinistf'r of Inland Re\"('nu('.. ..... Hon
îr Ht'nri G. July de Lothinièr('. Jun p
Hon. '1. E. Bt'rni(.r...... June
Hon. LouisP. Brodpur............... Jan.
lIon. William Ten1pl...man....... . . . .. F...b.
'rinis((.r of Lahour...... . . . . . . . . .. Hon. William Lyon '\f ß,ckenzit' King.. Juno

"ïthout Portfolio..... . . . .. ... . . . .

Hon. Ri('hard U. Dobdl.............
Hon. c. \. (;('ofTrion.......... .. . . . . .
Hon. Jamf's
uther]and- -............
Hon. W. T('mpleman......
lion. Charl('s
. Hyman .........
IT on. (,harl('
Fitzpatrick.....
lion. } {('nry ('arroll. - .
Hon. H.odolp}}(' Ù'mi('ux.
Hon. Jacqu('s Bureau....... . .
Hon. William Paterson...... . . - . -

July
July

t'pt.
]."...h.
F('h.

'\IOT 1
THE C.'BI'\E1'.

olicitor-Gen('ral .. . . .

.July
Feb.
.Jan.
Feh.

Controller of Custorn
. . . . . .

July

Controller of Inland Rev('nue...... Hon. Sir Hpnri G. Joly de Lotbinière. July
XI1\"TI1 'h"i'ISTRY.
Pr('mier and Presidpnt of the Privy
CounciL.. _ _........ Right Hon. Hir Rohert Laird Borden! Oct.
Premier and Recretary of State for
External Affairs........ Right Hon. ..\rthur 'Ieighen........ .. July
Prl'
ident of t hp Privy Council and
)linist('rof H('alth.............. Hon. Xcv-ton Wf'sky Rowell s ........ Oct.
:Mini
ter of Trade and Comm('rce. RiJ!;ht Hon. Sir George Eulas Foster.. Oct.
Right Hon.
ir George Eulas }'oster.. July
Minister of Interior, ::;upt. General
of Ind ian AfT airs and :\1 inister of
Mine::,..... .. . . . . . . . . . . Hon. Robert Rogprs... . . .' ... Oct.
Hon. William .J. Hoche..... Oct.
Hon. Arthur M('ighen'. Oct.
Hon. Sir James A. Lougheed....... July
Minister of Public" orks. . .. . . . . .. Hon. Frf'df'ri('k D. Monk........ . . . . Oct.
Hon. Robert Rogers.... ............ Oct.
Hon. ('harks C. Ballantyne.......... Oct.
Hon. Frank B. Carvell...... . . . . Oct.
Hon. Arthur L. Sifton....... . . . . Sept.
Hon. Fleming B. )lcCurdy.... .... ... July
!'Iinister of Railways and Canals.. Hon. Francis Cochrane....... . .. . - . Oct.
Hon. John D. Reid... ......... _ . Oct.
Hon. John D. Reid.................. July

Iinister of- Finance............... Right Hon.
ir William T. \\l1ite.... Oct.
Hon. Sir Henry L. Drayton........ .. Aug.
Hon. Sir Henry I.... Drayton.......... July
1 Resigned July 10, 1920. . t Resigned July 7, 1920. :a Also
linister of
Iines.

17. l
flG
8, 1905

30. 1897
30, 1RU7
'J? 1900
Ïi>: 190-1
6, 1906
2, 1900

13,
1::J,
::JO,
2 -
a,
5,

18f16
lS9H
1899
1H02
1904

13, 1R9t)
11, 1f102
29. 190-1
14. 1907
13, 1R9û
13, tS96

10, 1911

10, 1920

12, 1917
10, 1911
10, 1920

10, 1911
29, 1912
12, 1917
10, 1920
10, 1911
29, 1912
3, 1917
13, 1917
3, 1919
13, 1920
10, 1911
12, 1917
10, 1920
10, 1911
2, 1919
10, 1920

652

Office.

4.- Dominion IUinis tries, 1896-192D-con.

ADJfINISTRATION

Name.

Hon. Charles J. Doherty....... . . . . . .
Right Hon. Charles J. Doherty......
Lieut.-Gen. the Hon. Sir Sam Hughes
Hon. Sir Albert Edward Kemp... . . .
1\1 ajor-Gen. the Hon. Sydney C. l\'Iew-
burn............................ _'..
Hon. Hugh Guthrie.......... . '" ..
Hon. Hugh Guthrie.. . . ... .. . . . . . . . .
Hon. Sir George Halsey Perley. . . . . .
Hon. Sir Albert Edward Kemp... . . ..
Hon. William J. Roche...............
Hon. Louis Coderre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hon. Pierre E. Blondin 1 ..............
Hon. Esioff IJ. Patenaude l ....... . . ..
Hon. Arthur Meighf'n 1
Hon. Martin BurrcllI....... . . . . . . . . . .
Hon. Arthur L. Sirton....... . . . . _ . . . .
Right Hon. Arthur L. Sifton.....
V acan t.
Hon. Thomas 'V. Crothers...........
Hon. Gideon D. Robertson...........
Hon. Gideon D. Robertson...........

Hon. James A. Calder....... . . . . . . . . .
Hon. James A. Calder......... . . . . . . .
Hon. Wilfrid B. Nantel...............
Hon. Piprre E. Blondin 1 ...... ...... ..
Hon. EsiofI Leon Patenaude..........
Hon. Albert E. Eévigny...... . . . . . . . .
Hon. John D. Reid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hon. Arthur L. bilton....... . . . . . . . . .

Hon. Arthur L. Sitton........
Hon. Martin Burrell........ . .
Hon. Rupert W. Wigmore.. . . . . . . . .
Hon. '!\Iartin Burn'll. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hon. Thomas A. Crerar..............
Hon. Simon Ii. Tolmie.... " ..
Hon. Simon F. Tolmie........

'!\Iinister of Soldiers' Civil Rp-es-
tablishment.. . . . . . . . . . . Hon. Sir James A. Loughf'ed.... . .
" " " (acting).

Iinisters without portfolio..... ." Hon.
ir George H. Perley.......... .
Hon. Albert E. Kemp................
Hon. Sir James A. Lougheed.... . . . . .
Hon. Francis Cochrane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hon. A. K. l\IacLf'an 2 ..... . . . . . . . . . . .
Hon. G. D. Robertson...............
Hon. Sir Albert Edward Kemp......
Hon. Edgar K. Spinney.... . . . . . . . . . .
1 Also
Iinister of Mines. ! Resigned February 24, 1920.

NINTH MINISTRY-Con.
Postmaster GeneraL...... -....... Hon. Louis P. Pelletier............... Oct.
Hon. Thomas E. Casgrain............ Oct.
Hon. Pierre E. Blondin.......... . _... Jan.
Hon. Pierre E. Blonùin.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. July

Minister of Marine and Fisheries
and Kaval Service.............. Hon. John D. Hazen............ Oct.
Hon. Charles C. Ballantyne... ...... Oct.
Hon. Charles C. Ballantyne..... _.... July

Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Jan.
Aug.
Oct.
Dec.
July

Oct.
Nov.
July

Oct.
July
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Jan.
Oct.
Oct.
May
Jan.
July
Oct.
Oct.
Aug.
July

Feb.

Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
O('t.
Oct.
Oct.
July

Date
of
Appointment.

Ministf'r of Justice.................

Minister of Militia and Defence....

Minister of Overseas Forces for
Canada in the United Kingdom.

Secretary of State...... . . . . . . . . . . .

Minister of Labour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minister of Immigratiön and Col-
onization anù President of the
Privy Council.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:Minister of Inland Revenue...... . .

Minister of Customs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
:Minister of Customs and Inland
Revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ministf'r of Agriculture... . . . . . . . . .

10, 1911
20, 1914
8, 1917
10, 1920
10, 1911
13, 1917
10, 1920

Oct. 10, 1911
July 10, 1920
Oct. 10, 1911
Nov. 23, 1916
Oct. 12, 1917
Jan. 24, 1920
July 10, 1920

31, 1916
12, 1917
10, 1911
29, 1912
6, 1915
8, 1917
25, 1917
12, 1917
31, 1919
10, 1920

10, 1911
7, 1918
10, 1920

12, 1917
10, 1920
10, 1911
20, 1914
6, 1915
8, 1917
10, 1911
12, 1917
18, 1918
I, 1920
13, 1920
10, 1911
12, 1917
2, 1919
10, 1920
21, 1918

10, 1911
10, 1911
10, 1911
23, 1917
23, 1917
23, 1917
13, 1920

DOJ!LYIO.V 11I,VISTRIES

653

4.- 1)0mlol011 )lInlstrlcs, IS96-1920 -conc'ludeJ.

Office.

Name.

Date of
Appointment.

NI.:\7H ML,"L'STRY-COn 'uded.
X ctr IN THE CABINET.

Solicitor General ..

non.
\rthur ,rcighf'n.. . . . . . . . . . . .. June
lIon. Hugh Guthrie 1 ......... . . . . . .. .. Oct.

26, HH3
4, 1917

ParlinmE'ntary S cretary, M . ili . t ia . 1
and Dcfence.......... FranklinB. ?\lcCurdy................ Julv
I Lt.-Cot Hup:hClark................. Nòv.

19, 1916
7, 1918
23, HH8
21, 1916
7, 1918

Pnrlinmcntary Secrptary, Soldiers'
Ci\ il H.e-establishrucnt... Franklin B. ),lcCurdy. ....... . . . . . . .. FC'b.
Vacant.
ParlianlC'ntary Under Sepretary of
btatc for Extf'Tnal Affairs. . Lit'ut.-Col. Hugh Clark...... .... . . . .. Oct.
l;ram'is 11. JÜ
('fer........ . . . . . . . . . . .. N ov .

ITo be a 'Iembcr of I\:inlZ:'
Privy CounC'il {or Canada, ,July 1, 1919.
'\" OTE.- \ complcte li<;t of thp Dominion
hnistriE's from Conferleration to 1913 appeared
in the"\. car Book of 1912, pp. 422-4:.'9.

5.-I,leut('nant-GOH'rnors of Prmln('('s, t
6;-19'!'J.

PHI
(,E EDW.-\RJ> ISL-\XD.

Xame.

Da te of
appointment.

:Kame.

Date of
appointment.

" . C. F. Robinson.... .
:-\ir Robcrt Hodgson.... . _ . . . .

ir Thomas H. Haviland.....
Andrew Archibald
lacdonald
Jedediah S. Carvell. . . . . . . . . .
Gpo. \Y. Howlan.........

June 10, lðï3 P. A. \lacIntyre..... ..\fay
Nov. 22, IS7
1 D. \. Me Kinnon..... Oct.
July 14, ISï9 Bpnjamin Rogprs....... .June
.\Ug. 1, lðS4 .\. C.
Iacdonald. ...... June

cpt. 21, lð')U 1
Iurdo('k
IcKinnon...... " .. &pt.
FE'b. 21, 1894

13, l
o!J!f
3, 1904
1, 1910
2, 191.3
3, 1919

NOVA 6CctrL-\..

Lieut.-Gen.
ir \V.F. Williams July 1, ISû'ì

lajor-GE'n.
ir C. Hasting5
Doyle...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Oct. 18, 1867
Liput.-Gen. Sir S. Hastings
DoylE'............... ... IJan.
Sir E. Kenny (acting). . . . . . .. 'lay
Joseph Howe.................
Iay
A. G. Archibald........ . .. ... July

fatthew Henry Richey...... July

31, 186

31, 1870
1, 1873
4, 1873
4, 1883

A. W. McLelan........ . . .. ... July 9, 1888

Ialachy Bowes Daly........ July 11,1890
:\Ialachy Bowes Daly.... . . .. IJuly 29, um:;
\lfred G.Joncf'.............. Aug. 7,1900
Duncan C. Frat:er............ Mar. 27,1906
James D.
1('Gregor.......... O('t. 18, 191('
Dayid MacKeen. . . . . . . . . . . .. Oct. 19, 1915
:\lcCallum Grant............. Kov. 29,1916

EW BRUX
WICK.

lajor-Gen. Sir C. Hastings
Doyle...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., July 1, 1867
Col. F. P. Harding.... . . . . ... Oct. 18, 1867
L. A. Wilmot........ . . . . .. . . _ July 14, 1868

amuel Leonard Tilley... . . .. N ov. 5, 1873
E. Baron Chandler. . . . . . . . . .. July 16, 1878
Robert Duncan Wilmot....... FE'b. 11, 1880
Sir Sam'} Lf'onard Tilley..... Oct. 31, 1885
1 Second Term.

John Boyd. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . .
John A. Fraser...... . . . . . .
A. R.
lcClclan....... . . . . . . .
Jabcz B. Snowball........ .. .
L. J. Tweedie....... .... .. .. .
Josiah Wood.... . . . . . . . . . . .
G. \\. Ganong...... .. " .... .
William Pugsley.. . . . . . . . . . . .

Rppt. 21, 189;

Dce. 20, 1893
Dec. 9, 1896
Feb. 5, 1902
Mar. 2, 1907
Mar. 6, 1912
June 29, 1916
Nov. 6, 1917

654

ADJIINISTRATION

5.-Lieutenant-Governors of Prodnccs, 18S7-192t-concluded.

QUEBEC.

Date of
appointment.

Name.

Date of
appointment.

Name.

Sir N. F. Belleau.............. July 1,1867
Sir N. F. Belleau............. IJan. 31, 1868
Rene Edouard Caron. . . . . . . .. Feb. 11, 1873
Luc Letellier de St. Just. . . . .. Dec. 15, 1876
Thpodore Robitaille....... ... July 26, 1879
L. F. R. Masson.............. Kov. 7,1884
A. R. Angers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Oct. 24, 1887
Sir J. A. Chapleau...... . . . . " Dec. 5, 1892

L. A. Jetté. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Feb.
L. A. Jctté. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . _ .. IFeb.
Sir Charles A. P. Pelletier. .. Rept.
Sir François Langelier. . . . . . .. May
Sir Pierre E. Leblanc. . . . . . .. Feb.
Right Hon. Sir Charles Fitz-
patrick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Oct.

2, 1898
2, 1903
4, 1908
5, 1911
9, 1915
21, 1918

ONTARIO.

Major-Gen. H. 'v. Stisted... .
w. P. Howland........
John 'V. Crawford.....
D. A. Macdonald.......... .. .
John Beverly Robinson...... .
Sir Alexander Campbell..... .
George A. Kirkpatrick........

July 1, 1867
July 14, 1868
Nov. 5, 1873
May 18, 1875
June 30, 1880
Feb. 8, 1887
May 30,1892

Sir Oliver Mowat... . . . . . . . . .
Sir \Villiam Mortimer Clark.
Sir John
L Gibson..........
Lt.-Col. Sir John S. Hendrie.
Lionel H. Clark........ . . . . . .
Henry Cockshutt............

N ov. 18, 1897
April 20, 1903
Sept. 22, 1908
Sept. 26, 1914
Nov. 27, 1919
Sept. 10, 1921

MANITOBA.

A. G. Archibald.............. May 20, 1870 J. C. Patterson............... Sept. 2, 1895
Francis Goodschall Johnson.. April 9, 1872 Sir D. H. Mc:\lillan.... . . . . .. Oct. 16, 1900
Alexander Morris...... . . . . . .. Dec. 2, 1872 Sir D. H. McMillan..... . . . .. 1.l\1ay 11, 1906
Joseph Ed. Cauchon.......... Dec. 2,1877 D. C. Cameron.............. Aug. 1, 1911
James C. Atkins.............. Sept. 22,1882 Sir James A. M. Aikins....... Aug. 3, 1916
J.C.Shultz.................. July 1,1888

SASKATCHEW AN.
A. E. Forget. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sept. 1, 19051 Sir Richard Stuart Lake. .. . . 1 Oct. 6, 1915
Geo. 'V. Brown............... Oct. 5, 1910 H. 'V. Newlands............. Feb. 17, 1921

ALBERTA.

George H. V. Bulyea........ . 1 Sept. 1, 19051 Robert George Brett.."...... . 1 Oct. 6, 1915
George H. V. Bulyea......... lOct. 5, 1910 Robert George Brett......... lOct. 20, 1920

BRITISH COLUMBIA.

J. 'V. Trutch................. June 5, 1871 Sir. IÆenri G. Joly de Lot-
Albert Korton Richards...... Junc 27, 1876 bmlCre....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. June 21, 1900
Clement F. Cornwall.... . . . .. June 21, 1881 James Dunsmuir...... . . . . . .. May 11, 1906
Hugh Kelson...... . .. . . .. . . .. Feb. 7, 1887 T. \V. Patterson........ .. .. .. Dec. 3, 1909
Edgar Dcwdney.............. Nov. 1, 1892 Sir Frank S. Barnard........ Dec. 5, 1914
Thomas R. McInnes....... . .. N ov. 18, 1897 Co!. Ed ward G. Prior........ Dec. 9, 1919
. 'Valter C. Nichol. . . . . . . . . . .. Dec. 24, 1920

THE TERRITORIES.

A. G.Archibald..............
Francis Goodschall Johnson. .
Alexander Morris. . . . . . . . . . . . .
David Laird, P.C..... .. .. . ..
Edgar Dewdney. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'Second term.

May 10, 1870
April 9, 1872
Dec. 2, 1872
Oct. 7, 1876
Dec. 3, 1881

Joseph RoyaL.. .. . . .. . . .. . .. July
C. H. Mackintosh......... . .. Oct.
1\-1. C. Cameron.............. May
A. E. Forget..... . .. . . . .. .... Oct.
A. E. Forget................. IMar.

1, 1888
31, 1893
30, 1898
11, 1898
30, 1904

PUBLIC LA1VDS

655

PI ULIt.' L \
n
.

Dominion Lands. -1'he cr(nvllland
of the DOIninion of Canada
are
ituatcd in thc Prairi{\ Provincc
, in the I)oluinion Haihvay Bclt
of Briti:"h COhlIllhi:t, Hnd in :t blo<..'k in northern Briti",h COluIlluia,
containing 3,300,000 aCf('::; kno,,'u :18 the" Peacc River Block". & \ll
la nd8 \vithin 15 nlÌlt'
of a raihvay arc reserved for 801dif'r settleluent;
othcr land:-; arc offered in ff('t' grant
as horllcstcad:-; for settlers.
Every per:"OI1 \vho i
the Rule hC:ld uf a f:l1uily and every Jnale who has
attained the agc of eightcl'n YC,lr:o: and i
a Briti:-;h suhject or declarcs
intention to beeolne a British subject, i-.; plltitlpd to apply for entry
for a hOlnesteaù. 1'he land-:; are laid out in to'nl
hi1>;:; of 3G
ecti()ns.
J

lch section contains () 10 acrp:-: :1IHI i=-, divided into quarter-sections of
lUO aCf('
. ..A quartcr
('ction of lUO :lefl'=-' JHay })(' ohtained a
a hOlne-

tead on paYlucnt of au entry fee of
10 anù fulfihnent of certain
condition
of re
idcnce and <..'ulti\'ation. 'To qualify for the i=-,
uc of
thc patput :l settl('r IllU=-,t have rC'5ided upon his hOlne:-:tcad for at lea::;t

i
lllonths in each of threc ycar
, lllU::;t have erected a habitable house
thereon, Inust have at least 30 aCf('
uf hi
holding broken, of ".hich
20 aerc::; Inust he cropped. A f{'du('tÎon lllay be Blade in the area of
breaking ,,"here the land is difficult to cultivatp on account of scrub or
stone'. Provi::-ion is m:ldc for re...idence in thc vicinity un certain
conditions, in which C:l:-:e the 3.rp:1 of cultivation Inu
t he increased.
Disposal of l)ominion Lands in 'Ianitoba, Saskatchewan
and Alberta.-.,lcr'ording to figures suppliecl by the j)ppartn1ent
of the Interior, a total area of 120,bD4,-t07 acre
, ellual to 5,2-17 to\vn-
shilJ
, or 188,807 t:3quare n1ile:-:, has hcpn alienated from the rro,vn.
1
he totalulunber of acre::; survpyed to January 1, 1920, \vas 100,757,-
2ü-!, of ,vhich 24,052.300 acres \,"ere available for home
tead entry.
Tablf' 6
ho".s the di
trihution of the f'urvpved an'a for each of the
thrce Prairie Provinc{':", as at Janu'1ry 1, 1020.
In addition to the surveyp(l area, thcre are lar
e tract;:; of land
in the northern part=" of these proviu('es, \vhich have, as yet, been
explored only in a very partial 'way. 1
he total area of thi=" unsurveyed
traet is 285,8ð5,-l3-! aeres, of ,vhich 22,405,020 acres are ,vater-covered.
Pamphlets on the resources and developrnent
of the various provinces
of Canada have becn i

upd by the X atural I{e:-;ources Intelligence
Branch of the I)eparhuent of the Interior, Rome of ,vhich are as follo,vs:
The ne\V mining district of 1Ianitoba, the Peace l{iver district of
.Alberta; oil and ga
in 'V e
tcrn C
lnaùa; the province of Saskat-
che,van; the province of Xova Scotia; the province of Ke,v Bruns,vick;
Central British Columbia and a statistical compilation on the natural
resources of l\Ianitoba, Saskatche,van and Alberta. This Branch
also publbhes lists ,yith the names and addresse
of the o,vners of
unoccupied and uncultivated land
in the provinces of :\Ianitoba,
Saskatche\van and Alberta, being lands which are not cultivated
be('aus
the owners are either non-re'3ident or are not interested in
farming.

656

AD.JfINISTRATION

6.-Distribution of the Surveyed Areas in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and
.Alberta, January 1, 1920.

Homestead (including military home-
steads).. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pre-emption and Purchased Home-
steads (1st Sept., 1908, to 20th Mar.,
1918) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Half-Breed Script, SalE's, Special grants,
etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted to Railway Companies........
Granted to Hudson's Bay Company....
School Land Endowment (1-18 of area
surveyed in sections). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sold under Irrigation System.......... .
Under Timber Licenses 1 ....... . .. _...
Under Grazing Leases 1 ............ .....
Forest Reserves and Parks 1 ...... . . . . . . .
Reserved for Forestry Purposes (inside
surveyed tract)l. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Road Allowances 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parish and River lots. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indian Heserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Indian Reserves surrendered. . . . . . . . . . .
Water-covered lands (inside surveyed
tract)l............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Now available for entry (includes lands
reserved for soldier settlement).......

Sa skat-
Manitoba. chewan.

acres.

acres.

Alberta.

8,382,00027,373,200 18,158,100

acres.

- 5,779,800 2,793,900

5,089,700
3,566,997
1,196,700
1,626,000

968,500
126,700
2,386,700
746,300
973,500
505,200
433,860
87,560
4,246,500

2,310.800
15,177,063
3,183,200

1,232,100
13,120,014
2,175,600

3,938,000 3,732,600
76,672 980,850
1,057,600 1,298,400
2,869,100 3,096,000
5,953,700 16,754,000

1,430,000
1,466,400
82,700
1,078,434
402,812
1,909,800

1,677,500
1,279,900
118, 600
1,367,974
302,228
2,291,700

5,143,300 4.865,000 14,944,000

Total.

acres.

53,913,300

8,573,700
8,632,600
31,864,074
6,555,500
9,296,600
1,057,522
3,324,500
6,091,800
25,094,400
3,853,800
3,719,800
706,500
2,880,268
792,600
8,448,000
24,952,300

Total surve)'ed area........... 35,479,517 78,95!,281 85,323,466 199,757,26!
1 Area not available for cultivation.

Railway Lands.- Table 7 is a record for the three fiscal years
1918, 1919, 1920 of the s:1les of lands by the Hudson's Bay Comp:1ny
and by railway comp:1nies h
ving government Vl,nd grants. The
total sales in the fiscal year 1920 (the year ended March 31, 1920)
amounted to 1,026,157 acres at a price of $19,188,225, as compared
,vith 1,038,657 acres at a price of $18,148,736 in the previous fiscal
year. The 1920 prices average $18.69 per acre, as against $17.47
in the preceding year.

7.-Land Sales by Railway Companies bavin
Government Land Grants, and by
the lIudson's Bay Company, in the Fiscal Years 1918-1920.

1918. 1919. 1920.
Companies. --
Acres. Amount. Acres. Amount. Acres. Amount.
$ $ $
Hudson's Bay Company... . . . . . 386,394 6,914,947 285,561 4,978,950 276,629 4,724,941
Canadian Pacific Rail way. . . . . . 545,285 11,044,883 602,555 10,580,669 571,571 11,356,146
Manitoba Southwestern Colon-
ization Railway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,933 321,005 5,289 67,214 4,623 56,760
Qu'Appelle, Long Lake, and
Saskatchewan Railway and
Steamboat Co................ 49,723 783,062 33,838 527,670 32,095 474,895
Calgary and Edmonton Rail-
way Company. . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . 53,335 815,628 31,774 479,496 26,953 425,656
Canadian Northern Ry. Co..... 39,546 732,351 65, 11 0 1,261,963 86,305 1,685,241
Great Northwest Central Rail-
way Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,021 275,724 14,530 252,774 27,981 464,586

Total......... . . . . . . . . .. 1,116,23720,887,6001,038,657 18,148,7361,026,157 19,188,225

PUBLEC L.1.VDS

6.37

IIonlcstend Entrics.-In the calpndar year ln
o the total
nUlnbcr of orùinary hOlne::5trad entries for lands of the DonlÌnion
Uo, ernment ,,'as 5,433 as. conlpared ,vith ß,ü23 in 1919, 4,378 in
lØl
, 8,7üS in 1917, 12,3()8 in H)lG, 17
332 in t915 and 23,ü2:3 in
I91.t. In lU:!O, 795 entrie
wert' Jnade in
Ianitoba against 1,20U in
InID, 873 in 1918, l,ôl8 in 1917, 2,ülô in lUlö, 1,113 in 1915 and
--l,:!.)2 in 1Dl-l; 1,7
ü in Saskatche'Vflll ag
Ünst 1,810 in 191!), 1,273
in 1918,2,937 in 1017,4,319 in 191ö, Ö,34U in 1913 and 9,732 in 1914;
:!,79-1 in
\.lberta fl
ainst 3,lGl in 191U, 2,IG3 in 1915, 3,9
2 in Inl7,
.\lü9 in 191U, G,3S1 in HH3 and 10,722 in 1914; and 120 in Briti-:;h
Cohllnbia against 110 in 1919, ti9 in 191
, 211 in 1917, 2ôl in 1916,
-ISO in 1915 and b-17.in Iv14.
Pre-enlptions. -1'he privilege of Inaking pre-elnption
or
purch:lseù hOlne:,tead t.'ntries ,vas ,vithdrawn by Ordl\r in Council,
frolH 20th
Iarch, 1918, confirnled by chapter 10 of the Btatutes
of 1918, a

ented to
Iay 21, 1918.
Provincial Public Lands.-In the :\InritÌIne Provinces, in
Quehec, Ontario and Briti...;h Colunlbi
l, the public land
are adnlin-
istrreù bv the Prvvincial GovcrnIllcnts. In Prince .Eù,vard Island
all the land is settled. In X ova Scotia therc arc no,v no free gr
nts
of land; hut, undC'r condition.., prc:-\erilH'(1 by the Cro,,'n L:lnds .Act
of the Provincial i\.S'-'Clllbly (10 Ethv. \ II, 1910, c. 4,
. 2ö), and an
amending ...\ct of ::\Iay 3, 1912, Cro,vn Innd
, not excecding in each
ca
e 130 acre
, lllay he granted for ngrieultural or
r:l/.ing purpO";l\;o; to
applicant
of not le-:;s than 18 yc:t rs of age at the price of 51 per acre
in flddition to thr c
pcn
c
of
urYcy. LC
l:,C

lnd grant::; of Crown
lands lnay also be obtaincd upon condition:-:; pre
crihecl. "fhe total
area of the Cro,vn land
in X ova
cotia i:-:; approxitnately 81ö,
ö2
acre:-- .
'rhc area of the Cro
n lands in Xc-w llruns'\\-irk i-; about 7,2.;0,000
acres. Probahly not Inore than oue-quarter of thi
area is suit
lble
for agriculture. UndC'r the provi:-\ion') of _-\cts of the X e,v Bruns,vick
Legi
lative As
enlbly, lot::; of 100 acres each lllay be gr,lnted to
settler
of 18 year;:; of uge or over,
ubjeet to condition
which include
the clearance and cultivation of ten acres, the building of a house,
three years' re
idence on the lot and payments or labour of
30
for each 100 acres in nid of the construction of roads and brid
es.
The Government of
c,v Bruns,vick has comlnenced a survey 'with
a vie'\\
to the separation of agricultural lands from those :;uitable
only for timber and to the openin
up of hOlllestead lands through
which roads will be built, as
isted by the province.
ome special
facilities nre offf'red for the taking up ùf Cro,\\Tn land in New Bruns\vick
for ricttlelHcnt purpo"5C
t)nly by those ,,-ho have ðerved either in the

For copies of the detailed regulations governing the disposal of provincial Crown
lands, application should be made as follows:
ova :3cotia, to the Becretary for Industries
and Immigration, Halifax; :K ew Bruns\\ ick, to the Deputy
Iinister of Lands and
Iines,
Fredericton; Quebec, to the Deputy "Iinister of Lands and Forests, Quebec; Ontario, to
the .Minister of Lands and Forests, Parliament Buildings, Toronto; British Columbia
to the Deputy
Hnister of Lands, Victoria.
18427-42

658

ADltIINISTRATION

army or navy during the European \Var. An application for 100
acres of land under these conditions may be sent either to the Soldier
Settlement Board of Canada at St. John, N.B., or to the Deputy
Minister of Lands and Mines at Fredericton, N .B.
In Quebec the area of public lands subdivided and unsold on
June 30, 1919, was 6,330,751 acres. During the year ended June 30,
1920, 157,682 acres were surveyed; 120,761 acres reverted to the
Cro\vn and 87,216 acres were acquired through exchanges; 197,410
acres were sold, the receipts, including arrears, being $146,398. Adding
to the acreage available at June 30, 1919, the areas surveyed and
the areas that reverted and deducting sales and grants, there remained
subdivided and unsold on June 30, 1920, 6,499,000 acres. Agricul-
turallands in 100 acre lots are available for settlement upon prescribed
conditions at the price of 60 cents per acre.
In Ontario the public lands which are open for disposal are
chiefly situated in the districts of J\luskoka, Parry Sound, Nipissing,
Sudbury, Algoma, Timiskaming, rrhunder Bay, !{enora and Rainy
River, and in the counties of Haliburton, Peterborough, Hastings,
Frontenac, Lennox and Addington and Renfre\v. In northern
Ontario, which comprises the territory lying north and ,vest of the
Ottawa and French rivers, the to\vnships open for sale are subdivided
into lots of 320 acres, or sections of 640 acres, and a half lot or quarter
section of 160 acres is aHo'wed to each applicant at the price of 50
cents per acre, payable one-fourth cash and the balance in three annual
instalments 'with interest at 6 p.c. The appJicant must be male
(or sole female) head of a family, or a single man over 18 years of age.
The conditions of purchase include occupation by the purchaser
,vithin six months from date of purchase, the erection of a house, the
clearance and cultivation of at le,ast 10 p.c. of the area and three
years' residence. Proxy regulations enable an individual to purchase
a half lot of 160 acres and place an agent in residence, but the duties
to be performed before issue of patent are double those required in
ordinary purchases. Free grants and homesteads are avail
ble on
lands ,vithin the districts of Algoma, Kipissing, Thunder Bay, Sudbury,
Rainy River and Kenara, and between the Ottawa river and the
Georgian bay, comprising portions of the counties of Renfrew, Fron-
tenac, Addington, Hastings, Peterborough and Haliburton and the
districts of lVluskoka and Parrv Sound. Grants of 160 acres are made
to either single or married :rÌien in free grant territories where the
land is subdivided in sections of 320 acres. In the Huron and Otta,va
territory an allo\yance for waste lands may increase the grant of a
single man to an area not exceeding 200 acres, while head
of families
may secure 200 acres free and purchase an additional 100 acres at
50 cents an acre. The settlement duties for free grants are as
follows: (a) at least 15 acres to be cleared and brought under cultiva-
tion, of 'which 2 acres at least are to be cleared and cultivated annually
during the 3 years; (b) a habitable house to be built at least 16
by 20 feet in size; (c) actual and continuous residence upon and
cultivation of the land for 3 years after location and thence to the
issue of the patent. The mines and minerals and all timber other

PUBLIC LA}{DS

û5U

than pine, :lnd in
ùnh\ C
\SeS th(' pine', :trp eov('red hy the patpnt.
}{eturnpd :::;oldit'r:'\ ,\"ho enlisted and renderpd over:-\eas'
ervi<.'e ,,'ith
the Canadian EXIH'ditionary For<.'es are (':teh entitled to all alloeation
of 160 :tcn'::: fret', in any Ün\"n
hiI> regubtrly olH'n for ðalc, subject,
IleVf'rthd('

to the lwrfurrnauee of
ettlenlent duties.
H:tn
hing bnd:-; of pro-.;pcct ive quality Jnay be obtaiuc:d on
reasunable tenllS in '\":l
te and ".uu<.1<'d area
, the vall('y of t h(' "['rent
river I:) ing bct".cen lake Ontariu and the Geurgi:111 h:lY affor<ling
good opportuniti('s for ('attic and
h('ep raising. The IllaxinHlnl
annual rPlltal is 5 ccnt
an acre and t,vc:nty'-oIlP y('ar leases,
ubject to
rene,val for a likc pt'riù(l, Inay i
:-:ue conditional t h:tt ther(' be regularly
InainhÜnpd on the 1:\Jld
lleh nUluber of h(':Hl of
to<.'k a-.; nUL\'" ue
eOll
i...;tent with the resourccs uf the ttr 'a covereù.

Ontario includf';5 2:)0,000.000 acres of land, of ,yhich only l-I-,3UO,-
000 aCfl\::) are undl'r cultiy:ttion. :Jlorc than 20,000,000 :If'},('S of the
vf'ry fine:-\t ar:lhl(' land await the plough. Ontario i
3} tiInp
a"
large a
th<, ßriti:-\h I:,le
and 1! tilHes as l:lrgp as rrexa<:), and ahnost
t".if'c th{\ siz<, of France or Gennany. FrolH past to \\ e
t its hordpJ"s
arc 1,000 luilp:-; apart, and frolll north to
()uth, 1,073 luile". l{p(.ent
raihvay con::;truction and colonization road huilding haxe Inadp
acce...;
ible V
t
t tract
of nntillc(l fann land and virgin forests in nurthern
Ontario.
Loan:-\ Hre Blade to
('ttler:'\ in the northern and l1ortIl\vl'stern
district
of Ontario. 'fhe nUlxilnulll :unollnt of any loan to be Inade
to a
ettlcr i"5
jOO, ,vith interC'
t at (j p.c. per a
nIHlIu, upon such
tenus and {'ondition
a
the Loan Conll11i
sioller luay approve. rfhe
Governmcnt of Ontario is anxious that all bona fide settlpr::; shall take
full aòvantage of th(' opportunity provi(led to spcure any needed loan,
nlHl full inforrnation ,vith respect to same luay he secured on appli-
cation to the various CnHvn Lands Agents, or direct from the
cttlers'
Loan COInnlÏ
:-;iuner, Parlianlent Ruildin r ,-"" Toronto.

itl':-:' for
un1nH'r eottage:-; un(lpr re:l:-\onable t('rnl
and ('()ndition

Inay be acquired by 1(':1:-\(' ,,-ithin the L
overnnl{'nt park
, inelu(lin

.Algonquin Provinci:ll Park, and hy purchase in certain othpr :o.pctions.
I':)land
in the G('orgian b:lY and the Xorth Channel arc
olcl sllhjpct
to a building re:-:t rictioll and in othpr ,vater::;, exclu
iv(' of t he park

and f('...;erve::; ,vithout a huildinJ:!: requirement. In th("\ TimaganlÌ
Forest Re
erve lea:-\es tirc issued for a tenn of year
on P:1SY tprnlS.
In nritish Cohnnhi
1 thpre are large areas of free
rant l:tnd-.;.
...\ny Briti:"h
ubject h('in
the he
ld of a fanÜly, a ,viùo\v, femme f'ole
,vho i..:: over Ib years of ag p and
elf-supporting. a "
omfln de5ertcd
by her hushand, or 'whuse hushand has not contributed to her support
for 2 year
, a bachelor over Ib year
of age, or any alien on hi
ín
lking
a declaration of his intention to become a British subject, Inay pre-
empt free 1GO acres of the unuecupied and unre:-:erved surveyed

XOTE-Furthpr rarticulars may be obtained on application to the Minister of Lands
and Forests. Parliament Buildir gf', Toronto, Onto
18t27--421

,

660

ADlYIINISTRATION

Cro'Vll lands, not being an Indian settlement and not carrying more
than 8,000 feet p
r acre of milling timber west of, and 5,000 ft. per
acre east of the Cascade Range. Fees payable include $2 for record-
ing,
2 for certificate of improvement and $10 for Crown Grant.
Residence and improvernent conditions are in1posed. After occu-
pation for 5 years and making improvement t<;> value of $10 per acre,
including clearing and cultivation of at least 5 acres, the pre-emptor
may obtain certificate of improvement and cro'\vn grant. The fact
that an applicant has previously homesteaded in another province
dops not preclude him from pre-ernpting in British Columbia. U n-
surveyed lands cannot be pre-empted.
HOlnesite leases of an area not exceeding 20 acres, surveyed or
unsurveyed, . for occupation and cultivation can 'Qe obtained-this
being a provision to enable fishermen, miners or others to obtain
homesites-at sInall rental, under improvement conditions, including
building of d.welling in fir
t year, title being procurable after five
years' occupation and completion of survey.
Under the Land .Act vacant and unreserved Cro,vn lands,
surveyed or unsurveyed, can be purchased in quantities not exceeding
640 acres for agricultural purposes, on inlprovement conditions.
The lVlinister may require improvements to the value of $5 per acre
with 4 years' of allowance of the sale and Crown grant may be with-
held until it is certified that improvements are made. Price of
first class (agricultural) lands is $5 per acre; second class (grazing)
lands :b2.50 an acre.
Crown lands are leased, subject to covenants and agreements
deemed advisable, for agricultural or industrial purposes-for hay..
cutting, up to 10 years; for other purposes, except timber-cutting,
up to 21 years.
The Land Settlenlent Board has selected a number of land settle-
ment areas contiguous to the Canadian National Railways. Lands
,vithin these areas are sold on easy terms for farming purposes con-
ditional upon development, prices being usually from $3 to 58 an
acre, a snlall cash payment being required and the balance spread
over a term of year::; to
uit purchaser. Returned British Columbia
soldiers are entitled to abatement of $500 on purchase price. l'he
Board has poVtTer to enforce orders on those o,vning land within an
area to in1prove and to levy a penalty tax for failure; also power
to procure compulsory sale of undeveloped land. To established
settlers loans arc maJe by the Board for developrnent purposes from

lIOlIESTEA.D ENTIUFS

66]

. 250 to "';10,000, not excceding GO p.c. of iInproveù value of land
offcrctl as security.
'I'illluer-cutting rights are acquin'd by timber-s
le. 1."he appli-
cant locatf's the tiulher, Hud on application being Inade the area is
cruic:;cd, surveyed if neceb;:,ary, and ndverti
cd for s
lc by tpuder.
1\.11 particularf; arc ohtainahle froln the Forc:-;t Branch, T)cpartrnent
of Lands. Infonnation n'garding ,vater-rights, for p()\vcr, irrigation,
etc., can be obtained by aùùre:-\:..:ing the "rater l
ights Branch, Dppart-
ment of Lands.
'fhe area of land :HhnillÏ:::;tcrcd by the province is 22:3,G10,û20
acres, of which 19.>,40S,b!Jö acre
are vacant .1IHI unrescrved; 4,5Ul,UUl
acres arc included in Indian, r
trk, Gaml", Forp
t and other resprve

and 9,330,290 acres in tiluher, pulp, coal, gr
lzillg and othpr leases or
licen:..:cs. 'file tot'll Hrea of t:3urvP)"s i:-; 28,9
O,511 acrelj, including
21,OG5,379 acrcs of land surveys, G,b{j9,4v
acres of tunucr, 3S2,OùS
acres of coal lands. and 1u3,331 acr{'
of mineral claillls. rfhe area
included in cities i::> 5ß,270 acreS UI1(1 in llistrict nluniripalitie:-; 888,378
arres. The area of the provinc(' is 2:
8,4(j9,ßOO acrps, of ,vhich
92,800,000 acre
i:5 above tÎInhcrline, anù 91,"1:32,IUO acre
is f()re
teù-
39,352,000 acrc
carryin
over 1,000 ft. pcr acre and 17,281,GOO
acres froIll 5,000-30,000 ft. per acre. 1"he arca suitablc for agri-
culturc is ebtinlat(\d at 22,ô08,OOO acre
. On Vancouver Islanù, an
area of 2,110,03 t :teres i
included in the Esquim
tlt (
KanaÍrIlo H,y.
land grant, eluLracing the
outhe:l:-;tern portion of the i
laIld, anù
applications for land
in thi::> area are Inaùe to the Land A
ent of
that raihvay at Yictoria.

8.-lIon1l'sfead t:nfrl('s In 'Ianltoba.
askafdl('\\an, .\lbl'rta. and ßrlti
h Columbia.,
by 'ationalltie
, Inade during the 11sl'al'Years 1915-1,.20.

X ationalities. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
No. No. No. No.
o.
o.
Canadians from Ontario... . . . . . . . . . . . 2,009 1,885 1,500 1,179 599 937
" Quebec.. . 6-1
505 496 425 260 298
.........
" Kova Scotia.... 196 137 124 138 53 106
" Kew Bruns\\ick...... 117 82 70 87 31 83
" Prince Ed ward Isl' d. 60 54 51 49 17 47
" Manitoba... . . . . . . . . . 1,032 1,137 657 403 238 365
" Saskatchewan....... . 383 280 284 177 75 126
" Alberta...... . . . . . . . . 434 310 233 158 87 144
" British Columbia. .. . 76 63 68 47 28 37
Persons who had previous entry. . . .. . . 3,639 2,779 1,642 1,087 606 875
Newfoundlanders.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 14 4 8 2 10
Canadians returned from the United
States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 19 17 10 6 13
Americans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.286 2,416 1,734 2,084 870 1,318
English. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,974 2.374 1,469 888 639 1,252

662

ADJ.1fINISTRATION

8.-Homestead Entries in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, .\lberta an (I British Columbia,
by N"ationalities, made (luring the }'iscal Years 1915-1920.-conc1uded.

Nationalities. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
No. No. No. No. No. No.
Scotch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . _ . . . 800 700 496 285 182 360
Irish. . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 314 194 142 87 154
French. . , ....... . ..... . .... . 251 111 65 54 38 58
Belgians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 109 103 46 39 19 26
S",-iss. . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . ..... . 83 37 30 24 8 13
I tal ians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 100 48 25 21 12
Rumanians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . 38 40 24 19 7 10
S
rrians...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5 5 2 1 4
Cermans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474 170 75 10 7 5
Austro-Hungarians................... . 2,879 1,745 735 125 38 69
Dutch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 50 41 42 15 13
Danes (other than Icelanders)......... 149 100 57 46 29 35
Icelanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 74 36 38 10 20
S",-edes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 342 235 195 60 82
Norwegians.......................... . 645 309 226 248 83 92
Russians (other than Mennonites and
Doukhobors)..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 1,332 719 489 217 74 105
Chinese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 - 1 4 1
Japanese....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2 3 2 2 -
Persians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - - 2 - -
Australians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 10 6 1 5
New Zealanders......... " ........... 3 2 - 2 - 1
Greeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 20 3 1 - 1 1
Hinùus........ ., ....... ........ 5 4 3 - - -
Bulgarians. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 2 4 - -
Serbians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 2 2 1 4
Spaniards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 3 1 - -
Turks... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4 - - - -
Hebrews. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 6 - 2 - -
Other nationalities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 19 24 46 28 51
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2J,088 17,030 11,199 8,319 4,227 6,732

D.-Receipts of Patents and Homestea(l Entries in the Fiscal Years 1916-1920.

.
Sources of Receipts. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ $ $ $
Homestead fees.... . ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . 170,350 112,110 83,180 42,190 67,460
Cash sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,073,970 2,707,204 3,046,092 2,192,861 2,799,605
Scrip sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 333 131 323 80
Timber dues.... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 378,961 429,403 482,006 408,728 589,780
Hay permits, mining, stone quarries,
etc., cash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493,281 600, 934 630,473 630,976 896,414
All other receipts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327,078 340,254 315,928 341,204 385,582
Gross revenue..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,443,640 4,190,238 4,557,810 3,616,282 4,738,921
Refunds........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143,943 134,243 113, 680 76,031 116, 249
Net revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,299,697 4,055,995 4,444,130 3,540,251 4,622,672
Total revenue, 1872 to date. . . . . . . . . . 50,778,457 54,834,452 .59,278,582 62,819,848 67,442,520
Letters patent for Dominion landsN o. 18,989 18,774 23,227 16,810 17,732
Homestead entries... . .. . .. .. .. . " 17,030 11,199 8,319 4,227 6,732

DEP.tRTJIENT OF TIlE SECRFT..1RY OF ST
lTF 663

J}}:.-.\Rl':\lt::\"1' Oft' TII"
St:f'ltKr.\lt YO}' :ST \T.l:.
Charters of Incorporation.-l'hc IHullLer of ('olnpanies incor..
porated uIHler the COlupanies l\Ct :tnù tllllcnding \.cts during the
fi"cal YC:lr:-: lUU)-
O, 'V
lh UUl (a
against 312 in the previou:; year),
".ith a total capitalization of :O-:(j03,:llO,"'3U (as ugain::;t ""21.1,326,000
in the prpyious year), an(1 the ntuuber of e:\isting conlpanic8 to ,vhich

uppl('mcnt:lry Letter
Patent ,vere is::,ued was IG5, of "hich
s
in('n':l:--:('d t heir capital ;:::,tock by
"'.), 187,7.,0 anù 10 decreased their
capit,al stock hy . 19,.>:30,OUO, the renw.ining G7 being grantf'd supple-
III 'utary Iptter:-5 patent for various purpos(;:), such as chan
ing 1l:11ues,
extending power
, pt c. The llulllbcr of cÙlnpanic;:) incorporated
during th
y('ur ,vas the Ina)..illllllH fur any ycar in the hbtory of the
])ep:lrtITIcnt.
Canada Telnperance .Act.-l'hi::, Act prohibits the "':llc of
intoxicatin(,. liquor
in plal'cs that ha.ye ndoptcù it and i
:l(hnilli
tered
by the Departlncnt of thp
ccrctary of
tatc. Durin
the calenùar
year 1020, the operation of the ...\ct w'a
:5uspcndcd by Urder in Council
in the countie
of Yannouth, X .S., and P('rth, IIuron and Peel,
Ontario. Undcr the
tatute the
uspen
i()Il continues as long as the
Provineialliquor l:nv i", :1.:.:1 restrictive as the Canada 'I'elnperunce ...\ct.
l'he y<'ar ,va::; nlarh.<'d hy ûpprations of Inore than u
ual signifi-
cance under the Can:Hl:1 rf('lnperance l\.II1Cndnl('nt Act, H)10, which
provided for the takiup; of l)lebi"citc:-5 in the provinces upon the ques-
tion of the iU1Portation of intoxicating liquor. ...\n account of thcse
opera tion:-5 b given in Part XIII of this voltlll1e.
1\aturalizations.- r rhe naturalizations effected under the Kat-
uralization ..\.et (lL
. lUUn, c. 77) for the calendar years IH08-1917
inclusive, ,vere given on page' 3D.1 uf the Year Book for 1019.
ince
January 1, 191
, the only lllcthod of obtaining naturalization has been
under ,vhat is kno,vn as the "Iulpcrial" Xaturalization Act, which
came into force on January 1, 1915. l"'hi::; A.ct ,vas known under the
title of the Xaturalization Act, 191-1, until.July 7,1919, ,vhcn it ,vas
repealed and the Katuralization Act, 1910, came into force. On
July 1, 1920, the Xaturalization Act, 1919, ,vas repealed, and the
X aturalizatioll Act, 191-1, 'was revived nnd amended under the title
of the Naturalization \.cts, 1914 anù lU20. This latter Act is the
one no\v in force. Table 10 sho,vs the principal nationalities granted
naturalization under these _-\.cts during the calendar years, 1915,
191û, 1917, 1918, 1919 and 1020. It is a note,vorthy fact that the
number of certificates issued under the above Acts increased from 124
in the year 1915 to 8,773 in 1920.

664

ADMINISTRATION

10.-:S-aturalizations in Canada b)T Principal Nationalities, effected under the Natur-
alization Acts, 191! and 1920, during the Calendar Years 1915-1929.

Nationalities. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Al banians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 2
Americans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 63 58 11 37 3 552
Arabians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1
Argentinians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 1 -
Austrians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 12
Austro-Hungarians....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - . 3
Belgians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 1 8 65 102
Brazilians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 2
Bulgarians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 3
Chinese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 4 2 21 20
Czecho-Slovaks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 3 102
Danes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 11 16 115 133
Dutch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 2 4 18 80 99
Finns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 17 111
French. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 3 7 128 126
Germans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 1 - 112
Germans (Alsace- Lorraine). . .. . . . . . . . - - - - - 1
Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 - 4 30 161
Greece-Turk........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 3
Hollanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4 - - - -
Hungarians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 7
Icelanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - -
Italians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 1 5 156 181
Japanese.. .... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 17 31 15 82 125
Jugo-Slavs....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 3
Luxembourgers.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . - - - 1 1 6
Mesopotamians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 4
Montencgrins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 - - 1 4
No Nationality........ . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . - - - - 2 1
N ol\Vegians. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 11 4 34 210 366
Persians.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 3
Poles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 58 1,231
Portuguese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 1 -
Re-Admission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 4 4 -
Rumanians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3 2 6 55 384
Russians......... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6 5 9 687 1,303
Serbians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 3 24
Serb-Croat-Slovenes..... . . . . . .. .. . . . , - - - - - 22
Spaniards. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 3 4 5
Swedes...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . 15 14 8 37 236 384
Swiss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 10 1 10 39 51
Turk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - 2
Turk-Armenian....................... - - - - 1 39
Turk-Palestine. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1
Turk-Syrians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 11 79
Venezuelans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - 1 - - -
Section 4 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 - - - 2
Section 11, ss. (c) Chap. 38. Nat. Act,
1919 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1
British in Canada......... . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - 3 -
Total. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12! 156 135 194 2,051 8,773

1 Under section 4 of the Naturalization Act, 1914, the Secretary of State is authorized
in his discretion to grant a special certificate of naturalization to any person with regard
to whose nationality as a British subject a doubt exists.
2 Under section 11, subsection (c), chapter 38, the Naturalization Act, 1919, now
repealed, the wife of an alien enemy could, if she were a British subject by birth. resume
her British nationality.

IJ.VDI.tlN A.FFAIRS

665

I
Ðl_\.
..1I'J.'AIKS.
])cpartn1cnt of Indian ..\ffairs.-By seetion 5 of the British
1\ o1'th .A.lllcrica Act, 1
{j7, the lu( lians of Canada. and the lands reserved
for theln caIne under the cont rol of the DOlninion Governnlent, and
in 1873 an
\ct of tho Canatlian Parliament (IL
., c. 81) providcd
that the \linister of the Interior should be
upcrinten(lent General
of Indian ...\fTairs anù as
uch have the control and Inallagelncllt of
the land
and. property of the Intlians in Canada. rrhe ain1 of the
Departnlcnt of Indian
\fIairs is the :ulvanceIucnt of the Inùians in
the a.rts of civililation, and agent;-. have bepIl appointed to encourage
the Indi
lls undpr thcir charge to bettlc on the re:;;erve and to engage
in illdu
t rial pu rsuit
.
rrablcs 11-18, cOll1piled frolll the l{('port
of the DepartInent,
gh.(l for thc year:; nall1cll particulars rp
pccting population, religion,
education, a
ri(,\lltnre and financial status. l'aLl<' 18 8ho,,'s that
during the year 191U crops to th(' '''alue of :'3,.tü2,1-l7 '"ere raised by
the Indians; the corresponding value in lU18 ,vas ....3,112,U-IG. Educa-
tion:ll advantag('
arc providpd for the Indiau
in day, hoarding and
industrial school::;, and for educational purposes appropriations \vere
Inade by Parlianlent for the year 191Ð-20,
llnounting to 'I,057,Gû3.
Sc\reral band
of Indi
ns a
:,ist, and during the fiscal ye:1f 1919-20
the sunl of :-41,240 ,va::; available frolH this' source. .As sho,vn in
1'able 14, the total number of Indian childrcn enrolled as attending
school during the fiscal year 1!)!9 ,vas 12,IUü, and the average attend-
ance ,vas 7,ti29.
1'he tot:!l parli:unent
lry appropriation of the Indian Dcpart-
mpnt for tIlt" ycar 1919-20 is .1,7tl,3ß3. On ::\lareh 31, 1!)20, the
Indians had to t he credit of their tru
t fund.:-3
10,900,037, derived
fronl salcs of lands and tinlher and froln rentals of grazing and other
lands. rhe amount namcd repre:--t.'nts an incrca
c of
1,6Gl,270 over
that of the preceding year.

H.-Indian Population In Canaday b) .-rm1nn's. 1911-1917.

I
Provinces. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917.
Prinre Edward Island....... . :!H2 300
g2 288 288 302 292
Kova Roctia..,. .. ........ . 2,02fJ 1,91ì9 2,018 2,0;>0 2,042 2,119 2,031
New Brunswick.............. 1,
02 1,903 1 , fl20 1 , flOfi 1 , .562 1,874 1, 846
Quebec. . . . . . . .. ..... . . . . . 11 , 462 12,817 12,842 12,93'> 13, 174 13,348 13,366
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,49() 2fì,393 26,077 26,419 2(ì, 162 2ú,305 26, 411
)Ianitoba... . . , . . .. .. . . . . . 6, 104 10,373 10,
22 '10,290 1O,79S 11 , 935 11, 583
Saskatchewan...... . . . 9,439 9,545 9,699 9,779 9,775 9,962 10,646
Alberta.... . ... .. ... . ... 8,088 8,113 9,228 8,281 8,500 8,682 8,837
British Columbia... . . . . 24,581 24,781 2.5, 172 25,370 25,399 25,737 25,694
'\. ukon. . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 3,.500 3, 500 1,389 1,528 1,52S 1,528 1,52S
Korthwest Territories....... . 13,871 5,262 8,030 4,928 4,003 3,769 3,764
Indians in Canada...... 10:1,661 1O.J,9ã6 106,190 103, n! 103,ã31 lOã,ã61 lOã y 99ð
Eskimos. . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . 4,üOO 4,600 3,447 3.447 3,447 3,296 3,296

666

ADllfINISTRATION

12.-Distrlbution of Indian Population by Age, Sex and Province, with Births and
Deaths, by Provinces, 1917.

'G nder 6 years. 6 to 15 years. 16 to 20 years.
Provinces.
Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females.
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . 20 30 33 28 19 17
Nova Scotia............. . 178 217 200 187 136 134
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . 145 147 161 156 70 57
Que bee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974 1,021 894 910 576 542
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,743 1,783 2,212 2,143 1,512 1,416
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . 1,074 1,124 1,181 1,048 861 794
Saska tchewan. . . . . . _ . . . . . 1,075 1,061 1,053 1,013 467 490
Alberta... ...... . . . 569 602 585 538 306 303
British Columbia......... 1,993 1,931 2,152 2,132 1,320 1,327
Northwest Territories..._ 134 133 206 196 78 64
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,905 8,019 8,677 8,351 5,315 5,lU

21 to 65 years. 65 years upward::;.
Provinces. Births. Deaths.
Males. Females. Males. I Females.
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . 65 58 14 8 - -
Nova Scotia........ ...... 433 397 79 70 46 65
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . 327 306 51 35 67 70
Quebec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,934 1,930 247 224 230 200
Ontario........ . .......... 5,107 5,292 470 524 673 623
Manitoba................ . 2,071 2,307 321 397 406 337
Saskatchewan........... . 2,015 2,233 250 363 458 352
A.lberta......... . . . . . . . . . . 1,292 1,273 62 123 340 2.12
British Columbia......... 5,389 5,297 528 567 618 641
Northwest Territories.... 370 79 50 48 15 25
TotaL........ . . . . . . . . 19. 003 1 19,172 2,072
,359 2,853 2,56';

N arE.- There are no official returns for the ages of 19,921 Indians.

13.-Religion of Indian Population by PrO\'inces as at l\'larch 31, 1917.

Pres- Roman Other Aborig-
Provinces. Angli- byte- 1\Ietho- Catho- Baptist. Chris- inal
can. rian. dist. lie. tian Beliefs.
Beliefs.
No. No. No. No. No. No. No.
Prince Ed ward Island..... . . . - - - 292 10 - -
Nova Scotia................. 14 - - 2,006 - 1 -
New Brunswick.............. - - - 1,846 - - -
Quebec. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 6 452 8,655 - 20 -
Ontario.... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,469 23 4,543 6,785 1,177 519 2,686
Manitoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,636 592 3, 128 1,919 110 423 1,370
Saskatchewan............... . 2,984 949 74 4,289 - 94 1,630
Al bert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,247 - 1,548 3,704 - - 1,307
British Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . 4,492 585 3,075 13,039 - 369 1,421
Northwest Territories...... . . 307 - - 1 , 351 - - -
Yukon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915 - - 100 - - -
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,183 2,155 12,820 43,986 1,297 1,426 8,411

NarE.-There are no official returns for the religious belief of 15,717 Indians.

I
YnI LY ..lFF..1IHS

667

H. - \ttcud4iUCC of PUlnls at Indian
(.hool..., h). Proun('('s, ]919.

!\umlwr of Pupils on Roll. Pcr<,pnt-
Numbcr \ vprage agc of
Provincts. of Attt'nd- attcnd-
Schools. Boys. Girls. Tot 301. anf'C. anec.
Prince Ed ward I
land. . . . 2 21 23 44 19 43.1H

ova Scotia....... 1.3 131 1-') 2.\\;
1')- 44.R7
-. . .J.... _I

C\\ Brun
\\ick....... 12 1;
2 134 266 1-') .37.l-!
,J..
(
uebec. . . . '27 5
3 (i;;f) 1 , 2:
S 766 ()l . R7
()ntario. .. . .
8 1 , 7 4:
1 , 7:
tt 3,479 1,970 j(j . (j

lanitoba.. . 48 b"n \)47 1,836 1,063 ;)7.9,;

a...')ka tc hc" an . . . . . . 33 Iì:W (it;3 1,2f}!I f}76 7;).1;

.\1 bertn.. . . - . . '2(i :>4 '2 5UO 1,04 :?
18 7b..')0
British C'olumLia....... ,jfj 1, Iti.") 1,147 2,:H2 1,475 fi2.9S
yukon.......... . . _ _.. 6 r" li.") 127 .")7 44.8

J..
:\orth" est Territories. . . . 8 llfj 1.34 270 206 7fj-30
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 6,O'
O 6,176 ]"',196 7,G'!9 G'!.56

15.- \('r('a
c and \ aluc of Indian Land
, b) .J,O\inccs, 1919.

Provinces.

Total I and ('karpd I I.1.nc.1 Yaluf'
acreagc of but not unù('1 undcr of
rC::,t'rves. cult i vat..ion. cult i \.ation. I...ands.
ACTP::'. AcrC-". ÁCTf s. $
1,527 t04 3
7 20,000
19,69(, 3,22
1,9S.3 R:>,üHO
39,720 84J 823 76,
00
J.=)t),020 13,714 9,H78 1, :
61, 215
1,031,705 73,542 66, 771 4,920,4,1)9
40'2,022 105, mH 1:!,9;;" 2, !JS2,416
1,173,0381 789,
6,) 43, 00:3 12,637,568
1,307,346 874,194 50,087 16,58,'),S33
729,
5

82,822 31, 12j 12,8ü5,194
J,S60.6.ã 2,113,;08 218,02-1 5t,
;1ã,2t5

Prince Ed" ard Island.
New Brunswick. . '.' .. ... ........ ..

ova Scotia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
<'
ue bec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
()ntario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ianitoba.. ... ..

askatche\\an. . .. . .... ...........
.\lberta. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .......
Briti::;h Columbia.. '.' . . . . .. . . . . . . .

Total..................... .

16.-.\rea and Yield of Jlehl ("rops of Indians, h) .Jro\inces, 1919.

Provinccs. " heat. Oats. Other Grain.
Acres. Bush. Acres. Bush. Acres. Bush.
Prince Edward Island......... . 9 102 31 585 2 7
Kova Scotia....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 65 39 1,235 20 324
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 255 116 1,900 34 481
Quebec. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 5,Oü4. 2,835 41, 186 1,405 15, 182
On tario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,906 47, 103 11 ,406 230,470 3,697 62,795
}'Ianitoba. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,705 46,515 3,083 44, OÜO 1,455 20,278
Saskatchewan... . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . 12,536 112,740 14,466 240,061 656 5,204
.<\.1 berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,347 5,562 9, 653 155,071 526 12,324
British Columbia....... . . . . . . . . 1 , 564 36,438 3,950 101,920 1,291 30,474
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31,!36 253,814 45,579 816,-188 9,086 1-17,069

668

AD.J1/NISTRATION

16.-Area and Yield of Field Crops of Indians, by Provinces, 1919-concluded.

Hay and
Provinces. Potatoes. Other Roots. Foddf'r.
Acres. Bush. Acres. Bush. Tons.
Prince Ed ward Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 825 1 40 95
Nova Scotia..........:................. 118 5,753 27 1,321 770
New Brunswick.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4,000 10 77.5 246
Que bec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981 53,421 120 6,007 6,867
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,836 61,517 1,486 28,853 35,488
:l\Iani toba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 35,081 35 502 17, 105
Saskatchewan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 9,454 28 2,116 65,466
Al berta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 7,545 41 152 18,645
British Columbia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,738 308,011 1,005 42,273 24,086
Total. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,532 485,6:n 2,753 82,039 168,768

17.-Numbers of Farm Live Stock of Indians, ".itb Total Values, by Provinces, 1919.

Value of
Provinces. Horses. Cattle. Poultry. Live Stock
and
Poultry.
No. No. No. S
Prince Ed ward Island.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 27 76 3,200
Nova Scotia...... .......................... . 78 351 1,123 20,965
New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 112 400 8,295
Que bec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,038 4,213 ]2,293 221,430
Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,369 10, 887 60,777 790,605

lanitoba..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,663 2,787 3,875 276,081
Saskatchewan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, 104 8,219 5,870 974,002
Alberta. . . . . . . . . . . - . - - . - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 068 7,838 2,151 923,925
British Columbia... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,899 18,088 30,888 1,225,467
Total....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,285 52,522 117,453 !,443,970

18.-Sources and Values of Income of Indians, 1919.

. Value of Re- Earned by
ceived Total
from Income
Provinces. Farm Land of
Products Beef Wages Rentals Fish- Hunting Other Indians.
including Sold. Earned. ing. and Indus-
Hay. Trapping. tries.
$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
P. E. Island. 2,900 200 1,500 - 650 75 6,000 11,325
N ova Scotia 20,240 4,605 83,380 80 6,425 6,470 38,675 160,167
New Bruns-
wick. . . . . . 8,500 200 37,800 2,700 6,800 1,925 4,875 65,015
Quebec..... . 227,974 39,190 476,065 20,975 8,600 152,300 71,895 1,009,949
Ontario. . . . . . 898,772 51,128 1,072,000 54,727 174,120 502,705 110,695 3,186,693
Manitoba... . 276,594 20,500 131,615 5,124 92,765 240,785 58,625 894,245
Saskatche-
wan....... 740,299 144,353 88,170 30,972 25,450 152,848 115,981 1,394,416
Alberta... . . 332,637 116,849 89,603 16,343 3,375 31,321 131,180 811,312
B. Columbia 954,231 73,390 541,485 23,525 720,070 326,559 287,705 2,945,595
Total. . . . . 3,462,147 450,415 2,521,618 15t,4'{6 1,038,255 1,714,988 1 825,631 10,788,8:12 2

1 Including $300,000 from Treaty 8 District.
2 Including $310,125 from Treaty 8 District.

PUBLIC n.ORKS

6ß9

PI nl
lf' ".OR hS.

Since Confederation and before, the Department of Public
,r ork
has heen kno\vn 11.S the con
tructinp; ùepartIllent. In 1879,
the raihvay
and canals ,,,ere placed under control of a llP'V dt'part-
nlcnt, the building and luaintenance of pcnit{'ntiarie-, ,vere transfcrred
to the I)ppartlnent of Justice, the luaintenance and con:-;truction uf
lighthouscs to the :\In rinc :lntl Fishcric>s I)epartIuent and the
;Inaller
drill halls and armouries to the 1)('partnlPnt of
lilitia and, Defence.
ï'he \,"ork of thc I )ppartlllent of Public "orh.s i
now' dividcd into
thrce principal Lranches, viz., the Enginecring Branch,t he .Architcct's
Branch and the rrelcgraph Branch.
En
ineerin
.-The 1
ngineering Branch conlprise
the construc-
tion and repair of wharvp::;, piers, Lrcak\v:\terf>, daln
, wcirs, bank and
heat'h protection works; the ÌInprovclncllt of harbours and rivers hy
dredging; the con:-:truction, In:1Ïnteuanec and operation of govcrJunent
dred
ing plant; the COll:-:truction and Inainten:\nce of graving doeks;
the con:::;tructioll, InaintpHance and \vorkillg of ::;lidt\s anti hOOII1S; the
con:;trllction aud Inalnt('nance of interprovincial briùp;es and
appro:lchcs thereto, and of Lridge
on high"9ays of fpclernl importance
in the X ortll\v('
t T'crritorips nnd the Inaintenance of nÜlitary roads;
al:so hydrograpbic anù of(lin
\ry survCY8 and cx
ullination::;, inclusive
of precision levelling and geodf'tic IH{'

:-\urcnlcnts \vhich are rcquired
for the preparation of plan
, reports and cstilnate:-:; the testing of
cenlents, etc. T'he Braneh h:18 charf1;e of
lhout 1,700 harbour \vorks,
-1 grHving ùoeks, 1
lide and bOOI1} ,vorks, interprovincial bridges, 48
dred
(,5 and 231 tugs, 5CO".S and other dredging plunt.
6\rchitecture.-Th
.Arehitect's Branch build::; and maintains
gOVf.\flllnent buildin
s, post uffices, custOln houses, cxanlÌnin
"nrc-
house
, and con
tructs quarantint', immigration and cxperin1ental
fann buildin
s, annouries, military ho:-,p
tab and drill hall
, land
office..,; and telegraph office:-;. 1"he most important puhlic building now
under cOI1:-,trnction i:-5 t hat of the nf1W IIou
l;s of Parliamcnt at Otta\' a.
Teleg,raphs.-The Telef.!r
lph Branch has control over the con-
struction, repair, and nl
\Ìnt{'nance of all government-o".ned telegraph
line
and cables. These lincs are located in the provinces of Nova
Scotia, X c,v Brun
,".iek, Quebec, Ontario, Da::;katchewan, Alberta,
Briti:-\h Colulnbia, and the Yukon, and stati:-5tics rela.ting to thelli are
given on page 505.
Graving Docks.-1."here are four graving or dry docks COln-
pleted and 0,"9ned by the Canadian (10vefIlIuent. 'The diu}en
ions
of the
e docks are sho,vn in Tablp 19. rrhe dock at I(ingston, Ontario,
is under IPHse to the I\:ing::;ton bhiphuilding Con1pany. 1'hc dock :1 t
Levi
, Quebec, etlst of the old dock, is 1,150 fcet long, divided into
t,vo parts (ü50 and 500 feet respectively), and 120 feet wide; it has
a depth at hig,h ,vater of -:10 feet. It CO:-5t about
3,500,OOO. Under

670

ADJIINISTRATION

the Dry Dock Subsidies Act, 1910 (9-10 Edw. VII, c. 17)1, several
docks have been subsidized by payments of 3 or 3! p.c. per annum on
the original cost for a given nUlllber of years, as shown by Table 20.

19.-Dimensions of Gra\ing Docks owned b)T the Dominion Government.

\Vidth at Rise of tide.
Depth of
Location. Length. water
on sill.
Coping. Bottom Entrance. Spring. Neap.
Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet. Feet.
Levis, Que.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600.3 100 59.3 67.6 25.8 18 13.3
Esquimalt, B.C.......... 430 90 41 65 26! 7 to 10 3 to 8
Kingston, Ont..... . . . . . . . 308.6 79 47 55 14! & 16! - -
Lauzon, Que. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 144 105 120 40 H.W. 18 13.3

20.-Dimensions and Cost of Graving Docks subsidized under the Dry Dock
Subsidies Act, 1910.

Depth
Location. Length. \Vidth. over Total Subsidy.
sill. cost.
F pet. Feet. Feet. $
Collingwood No. I, Ont..... .. 515.10 59.8 16 500,000 3 p.c. for 20 years.
" No.2, Ont.. .. . . . 413.2 95 16 306, 965 3 p.c. for 20 years.
Port Arthur, Ont.... . . . . . . . . . . 708.3 77.6 16.2 1,258,050 3 p.c. for 20 years.
Montreal, Que...... ..... 600 100 27! 3,000,000 3! p.c. for 35 years.
Prince Rupert, B.C....... .. " . 600 100 25 2,199,168 3! p.c. for 25 years.
Sault Ste. .Marie, Ont..... . . . . . 650 77 18! 1,326,529 3 p.c. for 20 years. 1
Toronto, Ont..... . . . . _ . . . . . . . . 300 80 15 894,121 3 p.c. for 20 years. 1
St. John, N .B.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,150 (Plans not yet approved, but will be similar to
those of the new Levis dock.

1 Not yet commenced.

Expenditure and Revenue.-Table 21 shows the expenditure
and revenue for the fiscal years 1916-20 of the Public 'Yorks Depart-
lllent of the Dominion Governn1ent. For the fiscal year 1920 the
expenditure ,vas $20,455,460, as cOlllpared ,vith $21,395,.500 in 1919,
a decrease of 8940,040, brought about by a material falling-off in the
war appropriation amounting to
4,155,377, but this is to a great
extent counterbalanced by an increase of $1,139,232 in the harbour
and river ,yorks, accounted for in a large measure by the cost of
improvements being lllade at St. John, K.B., amounting to <lj:9ö2,000,
an increase over last year of fu;716,000; an increase of $975:445 in
public buildings, the largest item being $408,000 for postal station
"A" at Toronto. Dredging operations account for $527,98G, the
largest increase being in the
I
nitime Provinces, Quebec and British
Columbia. There was an increase in miscellaneous expenditure,
owing principally to the cost of living bonus. The revenue for the
year shows an increase of $102,608.

1 For description of this Act, see Canada Year Book, 1910, p. xxviii.

PUBLIC 1J P ORKS

671

1. - }:'I)("Julltun' und R('wnuf" of tlU' Puhlit' \\orks Dt'I)artn1t'nt for tlU' fiscal
) ('ars 19tG-19'!O.

EXPFXDIT1.;HE.

Items. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.

S S 5
Harbour and river works. 7,401,MJû 6,54
,.')GS 5"j!)I,774 3,181,349 4,320,58J
Df{\d
in
plant, etc,... . . . . 3,87.'),713 2,410,41:3 1,40;),8
8 677, ,500 1,205,486

lides and booms. , . , . . . . . 115,41X 111,
7() 64,
.39 .')li, IG9
3,339
Roads and briù
ps.. , . 44,742 :JS, 21i() II-ì,
191 24,9.')2 202,8
S
Public Building:::;,... .... .. 6,8.')7,20ti 5,717,4.')0 5,843,2s9 7, 4liti, 679 8,442,124
TI'I('J!:raph:-:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742,69:! 775,340 7S1,4,j2 7
9,8S

S5,730

I is('('llancous. , ........ .. 501,631 5.39,683 419,003 706,464 1,028,185
Total. . . . . . . , . . 19,.)39,29 16,161, -96 11,O5.;,'!O
12,902,996 16,l1S,33:

From War
\ppropriation
for 'Iilitary Ho:--pitals... - - - 8,492,504 4,337,127
(.rand tot al. . . . . . . - - - 21,:19';,,)00
O, 15';,-160

H.E\ EZ\UE.

Slidps and hooms.........
Graving dOl'ks... . . . . . . . . .
Hcnts...... . .
Td{'graph linf's....... . . . . .
Casual revenue..... . . . . . . .
Ferries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . .
Total ............1

10'-l,22R
M,216
flO,129
IS1,227
65,106

97,142 2(j,1
S 16,7():J 48,133
64,9W .')O,4S4 72,428
1,148
fJ4,7
9 lOo, 20,) 101, litH 143,
.).1
191,4.)3 204,878 2Jl,332 277,749
45,017 27,737 108,29,> 81 , 073
- - - 1,632
19:
,
6" 1
1,19"! ã:ut I

b;13,O
'0

,.0'" 906

I1.\RßOPR (,O'I'II

IO

.

Certain of the morp ÏInportant Canadian harbours are eontrolled
hy IIarhour Comn1Ïssion
, cOIl
titutcd hy
pcf'ial act of the] )ominion
Parlialuent in each case. T'he nUlnheì' of Conunis:-\ioncrs varics,
but i::" in mo::;t ca
es, three. In rvcry case the property of the
harbour i
phlccd undcr the juri:..:rliction of the COIDlni:::;:-:ion, but
in Blost cas('
, relnain
ycsted in the Crown, Quchec and T'oronto
bcing exccption::;. Propcrty acquired frOll} the Cro\vn, ho,vever,
may not he alienated ,,,ithout the consent of the Govcrnor in Council,
and the COlunlÌs:--:iol1er::; have authority to a(hninister the harhour,
nppoint the harbour Ina.::;ter, nlake by-In w::; and r(':!ulation
concerning
the harbour nnd
hips using it, fix and collect due
payable for the
use of the harbour and control the expenditure of the rf'venue received
fronl this source. For the purpose of harbour construction and
improvelncl1ts a Commb
ion may, \"ith consent of the Govcrnor
in Gouncil, expropriate land and horro\v money on debentures i:,sued
against security of the real and other property of the harbour. In the
cases of (
uebec, l\Iontreal and Yancouver, nloney has been advanced
by the Dominion C
overnment again
t
uch dehentures. '1:'he Commis-
f:.ions are under t he in
pecti()n of the
Iarine Departnlent and make
reports to the :\Iinistcr of :\Iarine and Fisheries. rrhe harbours

672

AD1\JINISTRATION

at the following places are administered by Commissions, the date
given in each case being that of the Act of Parliament under ,vhich
the Comn1ission received its present constitution and po,vers:-
Quebec (1899); Three Rivers (1882); l\lontreal (1894); Belleville
(1889); Toronto (1911); Hamilton (1912); "\Vinnipeg and St. Boniface
(1912); Vancouver (1913); New 'Vestminster (1913); North Fraser
(1913). The Commi
sion for Pictou harbour ,vas abolished by legis-
lation passed in 1920.

NATIONAL GALLERY.
The National Gallerv of Canada was the outcome of the estab-
lishment in 1880 by the Marquis of Lorne and H.R.H. Princess Louise
of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, which required the elected
Acaden1Ïcians to deposit their diplolna pictures in the National
Gallery at Ottawa. The collections of pictures, statuary and other
works of art no'\v occupying premises in the Royal 'Yictoria l\Iuseum
in Ottawa consist of purchases made by means of the annual grants
voted by the Dominion Parli
llnent, the diplolna works of the members
of the Royal Canadian .A.cademy and gifts and loa.ns by persons
interested in art. In 1907 an Advisory Arts Council of three members
,vas appointed by authority of an Order in Council, and in 1913, under
the National Gallery of Canada Act (3-4 Geo. 'V., c. 33), the Advisory
Arts Council was constituted the Board of Trustees for the manage-
lnent of the National Gallery and the administration of its annual
grants.
An10ngst the collections of oil paintings no,v in the National
Gallery are ,yorks by such old masters as Caravaggio, Andrea del
Sarto, Bartholomaus de Bruyn, Luca Giordano, CÍIna da Conegliano,
Frans Floris, Chardin, Hogarth, Snyders, Daniell\'lytens. The more
modern schools include representative ,yorks by the great English
lnasters: Reynolds, IIoppner, Beechey, La ,vrence, Gainsborough,

Iilluis, Leighton, Holman Hunt. The French masters include J. F.
l\lillet, Claude l\Ionet, Alfred Sisley Hnd a number of others, while the
contelnporary British school is strongly repr:esented by fine exan1ples
of the .work of such artists as _\rnesby Brown, Laura l{night, Glyn
Philpot, 'V. Orpen, D. :rvluirhead, G. Henry, Austen Brown and many
others. The Gallery includes an excellent and representative exhi-
bition of the ,york of Canadi
n artists both past and present. After
having been closed to visitors since February, 1916, during part of
,vhich tÍIne the halls ,vere occupied by the Houses of Parliament, the
National Gallery was reopened Sept. 12, 1921, with extended premises
and augn1ented collections of art objects.

prBLIC nEFENCE.

Military Forces.-Before the outbreak of the ,var, the Canadian
l\Iilitia consisted of a Permanent Force, which on 1\Iarch 31, 1914,
nun1bered 3.000 officers, non-comlnissioned offic{'rs and men, and an
Active l\1ilitia, ,vhich at the same date numbered 5,615 officers and
68,991 non-commissioned officers and men. Since the outbreak of the

J)l' nl
l(, !)HFH.YCE

G7:

\Va r 011 .\ ugu
t -I. HH -t, SU{'C '::)
i v(' ('out ingPllt
of troops of all anll

hUVt, \>t'PI1 re{"ruitl'd. <'quippptl, trained and dp:-\patelu'd by t h('
(
al1adi'\ll CovprllllH'llt to Gn'at Britain for :u.tivp sf'n.i(.p :l:-\ part of
t hp hupprial for('('
. \\ hell ho:-\tilitit'
(,t'a
t'd oil Ko\"t'lnlH'r .11, I B 18.
t hen' had 1H't'11
t'nt ()ver
f'
t
for :letiv'
ervicc in thp Canadian
Exppdit iona ry For('(' abou t ...1 b,OOO ()Hl('('r
, non-('onlIni
:,:ionl'd ofn('('rs
and 1l1Pn.
'Tahl(' 22 :-:howillg the lllilit i:t t'xIH'ndit\lrt, and rt'Vt'IlUP for t ht'
fi\'(' fi:o't':d y('ar
un () to 1 O:!O, i
takpu frolH t hp Rp!>ort for t h(' year
t'll(lt'd
lar('h :
l, 1
):
O, of tht'
riliti:t Col1Ileil. 1
hi", t
lhlt'
ho,,
that
tht'. (Jrdin
lry ('xpenditur(' of th(' I)epartlllPnt of :\Iiliti:t :llld ))pf(,IH.p
for thp ypar PIHlpd
Iarc'h 31, 19:!O, wa
"'1:,ü31,;">lö, a
c()nlpar"d
with ::<3,4-t.l,n.,).1 for IBIB.
:3,KO:
,Sn() for H)l
, alld .-t,:
;)n,2K!.
for unï. 'fhe ordillary rC\'PllllP tlllloUlltl'd to
ID I: J S20 for tit(, Y(,
lr
t'ndt'd :\Iar('h 31, IH20, a
(,olllparet! with
ll
,Oln for IHIU,
"tj,3,:').t
for un" and :o'lHB
:>.l for l!nï.

"!2.-t:'I)(>ndltun' and Itt,\tonne of 11ilitia for the }'bral \ ear J9Ht-19
O.

:-\('hpdult'.

HJ::?O.

_\lhmanCt:s (or drill in!'truc-tion. ('art"
o( arms, and postaJ.n>...
\nnual drill
('adpt Corps. _
( '[ot h in
and n('t.l'...
arif's ....
( 'ont ingcnrips-inc'luding Ruard:- o(
honour. e:-:
'ort.. and
n.luh's..
('u
tom duf's..
J)ppartnwntal Lihrar

l)orninion arspnal
Enginl pr sf'rvicps. . .
(;mnt:- to artilll'ry and rifle n,,:-u('ia-
t ion:>, and to rl'gimpntal hanlls..... .
(;ratuiti('
and ("ompassionate allow-
anc'l's.

laint4'lmn("(' o( militaQ proP<'rti(':).
I

y O( In
p.-G4'n. and military ITwm-
h('r
o(
Iilitia. ('ounf'il (statutory),
Pa.y o( hpudq uart<'rs staff. , ... ...
1':1\' o( cli\"ision and di:..:frict htafTs...
P('
nu\npnt (orl'C- pay,proyisions and
:-uppl i('s. . .
Printing and sta,tiolll.ry.....
Royal
Iilitar\" Collef!:t o ........ . .
:-\al

ri('s and ,,:ag('s o( f'ivil pmploy('c
,
:-\l'hools o( instrul'tion-pay o( active
militia attpnding.
TopoJ,!;raphi('ul sur\"('y.
Transport and (reight...
\\ artik(' stOI"{':-'. , . ..
Training art'a:," ... ... . . . .

I iSf'pllanpous small votps.."". . . . . . .
()nlnanl'c, ammunition, tpnts, wagons,
:-:addlery and harn{'::)s and ('quip-
nH'nt gf'nt'rally, ('Xl'ppt ing clothing
('onsolidateJ f{p"\"pnuf", \\orknwn.s
('ompen!'-ation ..\t't. .

Total 'lilitia }
\I)(>nditure....

lð-l2ì-43

19 (().

t).
,I,.nL
-I

.97:!
I
31. ßilJ:
2G. 00-1 I
S9.)
2
m. Gi."
1i90, ï .1.

t- - I
'2,.
,,1.,
1
:,00
1 i.1, 0.:;;-1
1
lS.
;)1)
74, U.
G'
JU
, 241 1
2, IW. 24a
70,000/
]33, liS.:;
232.7
7

] iH, S!I,

2.
, 440
liO,5fii

233, Os.=)

UJ
41
t.6S5,5s6
I

HH7.

47, .=)7:J I
hll, 311 1
39.191 1
I
23,2].1
(ìH,7
()
CHl l
2H, !}24
396, RK
7. YS]/
-I
1fi4, I bl I
lS, :!ml

4, 7GG I
]
3, .1:
11
I
2, 3!fli, 1
:11
70,000
147,57ô
20.),801
t-\ I , :{S4
:H.2;
1
43,92:1
15,7.>3
224,1)23

5ï, "
41
..,:
;)9;-!S91

l
h.

70, 7!H

90.771

16. ::-14
2.2121
(j 1.-

G4 , ;');
I
10 ,y I
'-
I
In.344
18, 15
1
93, 99
;
112,397 1
'J ?O- 'J'')'"
-, _;'1, ...._'.1
ß!},H71
162, 29:
'
:!32,91:JI
7 ,
!I

31,406
41 , 301
f>8,
q

22,G70

6.0,,)'"

3,

3,
96
I

H.IJ 9.

s

s

51,28:

-I
Iii>, ï
OI
.').338
1,043

91.21-l
34, O.')!I
74.
1-l

, 7(;:!

974

:W
,1"4 319,-I,
G
2,54
I 27.32

],oo
1 3.326
101.3;)
1 120,9ß2
1
,0101 lX,OlO
1O:J. 154 127, S,t-l
113,69
lßI,;,)99
1. 947, :1u-! I 3 I O
IS, fi91
61,(j(ji. 52,391

Ol, R8
219, WI)
210. o:r i ) 9ï, 4.>1)
31, O
:!I 40, .'):!2
16,G9
1 2
,R;)4
.. , 64:J 5, 04 1
I
O,3711 1;'),í31
9.ï5J 1,27M
1'1
1 1,411
3,tH.9,} -t.6:H.,
16
I

674

AD.l'.JII\TISTRATION

22.-Expenditure and Re\enue of Militia for the Fiscal Years 1916-192o-concluded

Schedule.

1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
$ $ $ $ $
I 172,534 173,798 183,448 189,578 202,459
28,3.31 19,488 3,199 18,255 18,996
i 200,S85 193,286 186,617 207,833 221,155
I
t
192,300 90,164 18,228 35,955 -
41, 318 11 , 949 2,072 3,795 87,867
35,142 41, 646 39,177 54,428 53,599
23,513 25,495 26,877 23,841 47,979
- - - - 5,375
292,273 169,25-1 86,354 U8,019 194,820

Civil Goyernment-salaries. " . . . . . " "

Civil Goyernment-contingencies.. " .

Total Cidl Gm"ernment...... "

Revenue received-

l\Iilitia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _ . . . " _ . .
Casual. . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . .
Royall\Iilitary College. ......
Pension Act, 1901........ . . . .
Fines and Forfeitures...... . . . . . . _ .

Total revenue..... . . . . . . . . . . . " .

Expenditure on Account of War Appropriation.-TabJe 24
sho,vs that the total expenditure on account of war appropriation for
the year ended March 31, 1920, was $346,612,955, of which $323,360,-
987 ($247,997,725 paid out in Canada and $75,363,262 paid out Over-
seas) ,vas expended by the Department of 1\1ilitia and Defence and
$23,251,968 ,vas expended by other departments. To these SUIllS lllay
be added the expenditure on account of war appropriation prior to
April 1, 1919, viz., $1,323,7Ð3,200, of which $1,205,690,983 ($684 J -
975,908 paid out in Canada and $520,715,075 paid out Overseas) was
expended by the Department of 1\Iilitia and Defence and $118,102,217
by other departments. Altogether, therefore, the grand total to
l\iarch 31, 1920, alllounted to
1,670,406)55, of ,vhich $1,529,051,970
,vas expended by the Department of
Iilitia and Defence and :::;141,-
354,185 by other departments. The details of the ,var expenditure
to )Iarch 31, lÐ15, ,vere given in Table 23 of the Year Book of 1915,
pp. 649 and 650, for the year ended l\Iarch 31, 1916, in Table 2-1 on
pp.6-12 and 643 of the edition of 1916-17, for the year ended March
31, 1917, in Table 24 on pp. 603-605 of the edition of 1918, and for
the year ended )larch 31, 1918, in Table 24 on pp. 605-606 of the
edition of 1919. The war expenditure for the year endl
d l\iarch 31,
] 919, is given in Table 23 of this volun1e.

PUBLIC ])EFE!\
CE

675

.
3. - }:'I)('luJit IIr(' Oil .u'('ollnt of ".ar \1)I)rOI)rlatioli for the )"(.ar l'lId('d Jloar('h 31 1919.

Items of Expenditure.

(A) By THE DENRnIENT OF )lILITIA Ar-.n DEFE
CE.
Clothinp: (('xc('pt boots).............. ........
Roots and r('pairs to boots... . . . . . . . . . . - . - . . .

ec('
:-aries (kit bag
and articles of kit).... .. ..
A('coutn'ment
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
Binoculars, tdc
copes, prismatic compasses, etc. . .

:\lldlpry and hon.e equipment...... . . . . . . . .. .. .
:\Iotor truckfol. ambulances anù othpr vehicles..... .
Dominion rifle factory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Storps (furniture, bedding, utensils, etc.).. . . . . . .
Tobl for };((IIII)ßU'llt...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

Dominion Ar
cna1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I.indsay . \r
enal (t'uppl ips) . . . . . . . . . .
.Ammunition from othpr
OUf('PB.... ... . . . . . .

Total \mmunition nnd 1\lïah.rlal.....

Expend('d Expended
in C
ad3., Uverseas,

.ear ended y('ar endpd Total.
:\[ar.31, Mar. 31,
1919. lUHJ.
S S S
7,700,555 - 7,700,555
3,359,941} 256,6JS 3,616,584
610,ü97 92U,316 1,540,013
104, 537 - 104,537
1,2H4 - 1,2!).1
78,554 - 78,554
1,213,497 - 1,213,4U7

2,53:? - 82,532
5,527,147 3,475,997 9,003,144
IS.6;S.ì.)9 ,1,661,9:)1 "3,:UO,ìl0

10,O!)} - 810,mH
6,')9,977 - G59,977
- 2,770,670 2,770,670
1.1;0,0 '1 2, ì78,6ìO .J,!lu.73R
2,347 - 2,347
2,31; - 2,317
111,3<\0,997 105, 5'\ð, 291 216,969,28Q
38,933,333 29,200,000 68,133,333
22,977,070 9,4!J7,121 32,474,191
9,427,166
5,375 9,512,5-H

90,44S 1,7s9,397 2,079,845
1,166,89G 535,R33 1,702,729
- 1,160 1,160
4fi"',HO 2bS, 278 756,418
l,fì
S,810 - 1,6
O,810
4,!105.862 2,149,Û
5 7,054,947
G:?3,044 - 623,044
!J2,119 -
J2, 119
4,2
9,fì31 730,716 4.9û(J,347
1,546,45fJ "02,931 2,409,390
77,7
4 - 77,794
1,926 - 1,926
473,334 199,623 672,957
b26,341 39,931 bû6, 272
121,939 - 121,939
211, 75
87,854 299,613
1,432,674 - 1,432,674
- -- -- -15-1:05 5,59 5 -351,923,337
!OO,S61,7-t2
-2
t:OUnnti -1';'
J
S-:-2ï6 -379:ã0 7,13 2
394,885 - 394,885
304,913 - 304,913
383,773 - 383,773
337,580 - 337,580
1,600 - 1,600
15,390 - 15,390
948,854 - 948,854

:

6,99ã -

3S6:995
218,631,921 158,488,216 377,120,137
466,343,987 362,226,859 828,570,846

Linùsa
\r
('nal con
truction. ................... .
Total I.:lIul and nulldlngs.........
Pay and aUo\\ anCC8 (including buLsi;,tt'ncc, rations,
and assigncll pay). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
'Iaintenanc(' of troops in France...... .. . . .. ...... .
S('p<lmtion Allo\\ ancc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
"'ar Service gratuities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outfit a1l0\\anceb...... . .. . . . . .
Engineer SPr\ ices and \\ orks. . . . ... . . . . . .
Purchase of relllounts, c'\pensf'S of purcha
ers, etc..
Drugs and sur
ical in
trumcnts..... ., ........... .
Travelling and transport-ocean........ .. . . . . . . .
Travelling and transport-land........ . . . . . . . . . . . .
}-'orage and stablin
. . . . . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . .
l>ay, etc., of censors. . . .. ........................
Pay of civil employ('es.. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . .
Rent, "ater, fud and light....... . ... . . .. .. . ... . ..
}-'uneml expenses. . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . .
Recruiting(meJical examination, attestation and
advertising).... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telegrams, tel('phonl's (including rental), cablc-
p:rams and postage).
Printing and stationery...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customs dues.. . . . . . -. ... -.... . . .. ... . . .
Conspr\.ancy and contin
encies. . . . . . . . .. .. ... _ .
British Recruiting
Iis
ion, U.S.A................
Total 'Ihccllaneous I-a) mcnt3.... . .... . . .
Totals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less Credits-
Ross Rifle Co.- Expropriation..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Iachine guns and spare parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dominion Cartridge Co.-Ammunition......
Ammunition from other sources. . . ... . . . . . . .
Borden Camp, land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchase of remounts and expenses of purchase,
et c.. . . . . _ .. . _ _ _ - _ . _.... ...............
British and Foreign Governments....... . _ . . . . . .
Total Credits............ - .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . ..
T ota} for fiS<'al year HH9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Expended prior to l:jt April, 1918...... . . . . . . . .

otals................... ............. 684.975.>>u
, 520,715,075 1,205,690,983

1812;-431

676

ADJII^
ISTRATI01V

23.-E
pcnditure on Account of War Appropriation for thc Year ended
l\'larch 31, 1919- -concluded.

(B) By OTHER DEPARTMENTS AS FOLLOWS:-

Agricul ture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auditor Gf'neral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Board of Pension Commis'rs.. . .
Canada Food Board...... . . . . . .
Canada RegÜ5tration Board.. . . .
Canadian 1\1 unition Resoun'e:-;
Commission........... ...
Canadian Trade C'ommis:-;ion. .
Civil Service Commission.. . . . .
Commif';
ion of Con
ervation.. . .
Customs. ........
Dominion PolicC'.. .. . . . ... .
External Affairs... . . . . . . . . .
Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Governor Genpral's
ecretarY...
Halifax Relief Commission. .

Housing Committee... . .
Immigration and Colonization. .
Indian Affairs... . . . . . .
Inland Revenue. . . . . . .
Insurance Department...... .. . .
Interior...... .. ............
Justice.. ..................
Labour........................ .
l..egislation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1\1 ine
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$

478,951
61,856
76,048
.527, 650
6.55,595
57,196
12,044
3,580
3,035
445,031
400,805
244,544
128,081
9,354
7,OCO,OCO
1,735
179,165
283,273
48,911
3,444
279,447
3,372,652
87,788
13,517
19,603,994
30, 777

Mounted Police. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
National Service Commission..
Naval Service.... . ... . . .
News-print Commission........
Penitentiaries. . . . . . . . . . .
Privy Council. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power Control Committee. . . . .
Paper Control Tribunal. . . . . . . .
Public Archives. .. . '" . . . . . . . . .
Public Information....... . .. ..
Public Printing and 8tationery.
Public 'Vorks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Post Office........ " .. .. .. .. .. .
Railwavs and Canals...........
Reconstruction at Halifax... . . .
Repatriation and EmploymC'nt
Committee... ......... ....
Reconstruction and Develop:-
ment Commission. .. .. .. ... ..
Secretarv of State....... . . . . . . .
Soldiers; Civil Re-establishm't
Soldiers' Settlement Board. . . .
Sub-Committee of Labour
(Privy Council)........ . . . . . .
Trade and Commerce..... . . . . .
Trade and Commerce (purchase
of pig iron). .. . " . . . . . .
'Val' Committee.:........ ..
'Val' Purchasing CommL.."8ion.. .

Total. .....

Hrand total,

$

15,601
118
11,298,999
s:5,026
165
14,067
1,752
3,072
21,704
82,251
133,256
9,021,975
813,484
625,523
33.5, 3R5
129, 408
9,79'1
72, 05:3
11, R31, 233
3,800
3,774
359,488
489,788
3,439
65,670
69.399,302

416,51',439

24.-Expenditure on account of Demobilization for the Year ended March 31, 1920.

Itf'ms of Expenditure.

Expended
in Canada,
veal' ended
- Mar. 31,
1920.

Exp<,nded
Overseas,
veal' ended

.Mar. 31,
1920.

(A) By THE DEPART:\1E
T OF :\hLITIA AND DEFENCE.
Clothing (ex(.tpt boot
)...... . .
Boct:-. and n paÍI
to boots.... . ... ........

e('ef'saries (kit bags and articles of kit).. . . . . . .
Hinoe ularfi, tf'l('
('opes. prismatic compasse
, etc. . .

addll'ry and hor
e equipment.. . .. ., .... . . .
.\lotor truck::s, ambulances and other vehides......
Dominion rifle factory. . . . . . .
::\1 a('him' f.,un
and
rar<' part
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$
4,935,275
321.056
31, 447
1,357
439
412,749
28.426
.5,060

$
2,863.û48
704,685
2,863,648

Total.

$

7,798,923
[ , 02.1, 741
2,895,095
1,357
139
442,749
28,42lì
5,0f>6

/)r UL/C lJI:FES(' F

tj77

'!-I._ ";'I),'lIdU IIr..' 011 al'('ount uf U
nlDbUILation for the \ t'.ar t'lIdt.d 'Ianh :U, 1929-
('ontinued.

1. ï
l - 1 , 7f< 1
514,662. I:J.=J,440 t);j0, 102
:ml, 737 1 342,30
644, 0:
9
43,4
2 - 43.4SZ
443,2s.1 202,767 646,0,')2
213,454 - 21
, -1.14
674,667 4,I!JS,772 4,8ï3,4:m
1 ,037,244 - 1,037,244
2-1'ì .02i ,Uti 61.90S,10i Ut"!,9:I.'i,523
")5-1.056,329 ; 5,363,505 329,-I19,k3-1
6,9,jlJ - 6,950
513,167 - 513,167
529,745 - 529,745
21R,990 - 218,990
82,045 - S2,045
4,70ï,707 - 4,707,707
- 243 243
6.05S.60-l 213 6,05S,8!i
I
2-1; ,997 ,725 75,363,262 323.:160,987
684,9ï5,90
i 520,715,075 1,205,690,983
932,973.6.13 596,078,33; 1,529,051,97'

It(>m
of Expt.'udi turl'.

(A) By TilE DEP\RT
IE'T OF 'hLl1H .
SD })t:n':'ón:
-('one Iud ('(I. I

ton''S Hurnitun>, h.'dding, ut('n
ils, f.tr'.).

rotal for }
(Iuipment .

.\mmunition from otht.'r Uf('f'S

Totol \mmunltioll dud U.,tt'rlal

Hord..n ('amp lan(l and long Branc h
IMllid and Ihilldln:.,s. total

Pay and nl1owa.n(,f's (ill<'luclin

uh
i
t('IH'(', rat ions,
and a:-;
iKIlf.d pay)...
"aintt-nan('t.' of troOr'3 in Franc.'p.._
:-'f'para t ion a11owan('('. .
War St'rvi('f' Kmtuitif'
.
Out fi t allowan('('
.. . .
En
inf'.'r Sf.'rvit.(.:-; and \\orks. ' . . .. . - .
Pun.ha
(' of fI'mount:-, (,',<pt.'n:-;('s of purl'ha".'rs, f't(...
nru
s :.lnd sur
i('al instrum('nt:-
Tra.v.>lIing and tra.n
pt.)rt-o(,"lm
Travdling and tra.n:-:port -land
Foragf' and :-otablinJ.,
Pay, ete., of ('t'n
or8.
Pay of C'i\.il ('rnp]()
f'.':-. . . ..
Rt'nt, watt'r. fUt.1 a.nd li
ht...
Funeral t'xpf'n:-;('s... . . . . .. ., ... ..
Ht'f'ruitin
(medical (').urninat ion, attt':5tatiun. and
adv.'rti
ing).... . .... . ..
Tt'l...
rams, tl'lt'phom':-- (indudinJ! rt'ntal, (.'aol("-

rams, and po
tagP)...
Printin
and ;o;tationf.Q"...
Customs dut's.. . . .,
Con
('rvan('y and ('onting...nf'it'
.. . ..
British R('('ruitin
"i:-;:-;ion, C.....;..-\.. ... . .
British and Fort'ign Govt'rnnU'nts. recovt'mhll'.. .
::,pec-ial Remi ttan('l', rp('ovl'rabl....

Total "ls(.t'llalu.'olis Pa\ mt'nts

Total
.

LE
::! l' REDIT:o -
.\ccoutn'nwnts... . .
Ru...... Rift... Co. f'xpropriation. .
:-'tore
(furnitur<', ht'dding, utl'n:-:iIs), et('.
Dominion .\I""enal, Qm'h('('. . . . . . . .. .
Dominion _\n-enal-
upplie
, Lint.h'ay... ......
Pur('ha
t' of r<'lnounts. l'xpen:-;('s of pur('hasers,et('.
:'pccial R
mittanf'(" rt'('o\Oprahlp.... .

Total <.-'redits.

Total for fiscal n'ar 1920.... . . . . .
Expended prior'to 1st April, 1919....

Tota6

Fx l'ml('d
in Canada,

n.ar ended
.
lar. 31,
1920.

s

:1
I

5.765.
15

57
,ð97

5;
.
9;

E'\.t:cndcd
OversC'Rs,
year ended

lar. 31,
1920.

s

:
, 2:;9.137

9.671.1 ts

3 -(., t ')-..
. , I ..,.. , _ I ., I
3. ;S-I,279

3, !J,')7. 51h l
:r;:
.
m,

, :)6:), 3591
!J. 4fi:
. 40

42.19}1
,,)27,OH!l 1
2. :
51 087
1:\0, x61
5, f):!{;, (
f \
4,r."o,:,2
4S1.4;)
4fi7,924'

Tota1.

:J, 2:
n, 137

15."36,9:

:1,363, 176
1,363.176

6
j:)0')

fi7, 733,3
m
14,ln,S99
9,716, 167
1:
6, 032, f<4:!
S4,452
1 , 4
:
, 54.1

, :J51 ,OS7
:m:J, 45:

12,46.1,34 t
20,145,972
24S,694
34, 171
4, t)52, 175
l, 305, 9SS

4,7.52

b:'\-I. !tL
3:1,77;', S7.1
4:
, ...00.000'
ti. 150, "o
I
121i, :)(ifI. 4:1-1'
12 , 2ml
!1.;tì,44f
-I

32,;)H:'
12, 4fi.'), 344
14, 5
5. 9fH
200, fi42
:
4, 171
4.170,75

:J
, 064
34.732

678

ADJ.IINISTRATIOJ.V

2".- Expenditure on account of Demobi1ization for the Year ended March 31, 1920-
-concluded.

(B) By arHER DEPARTMENTS AS FOLLOWS:-

.Agriculture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auditor General's office...... . . .
Board of Pension Comm'rs. .
Customs. . _ . . . . . . . . . . . .
Canadian 'Val' Mission.... . . . . . .
Canada Food Board. . . . . . . . . . . .
Canada Registration Board.....
Canadian Munition Resources
Commission....... . _..... ..
Dominion Bureau of Statistics..
Dominion Police..
External Affairs. . . . . . . . . .
Finance. . .. . .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
Finance- Excheq uer C 0 u r t
Award to the Toronto Power.
Fuel Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economic Commission to Si-
beria. . . . . . . . . . .. ........ ...
Office of the Governor General's
Secrf'tary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Halifax Relief Commission.. .. .
Housing Committee.....
Indian .Affairs.... .
Inland Revenue. . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance..... " . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Immigration and Colonization..
Justice. . . . . . . . . .
Labour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Labour, Sub-ßommittee of the
Cabinet.... .. .. . .....
Naval Sprvice........ . . . . . . . . . .
N f'"\\ sprint Commission. . . . . . .
Peace Conference..... . . . . ..
Post Office......... .. . . ..
Paper control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _
Power control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _

$

487,514
42,800
5,104
15,108
60,000
48,657
4,622
8,514
1,514
573,555
171,999
146,691
175,000
5,534
4,839

1,325
5,000,000
16,316
76,024
1,099
638
2,955
2,102,576
876,025
79,221
512
6,780,905
39,291
9,733
6,879
9,523
1,944

Printing and Stationery.. . . . . . .
Privy Council. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rublic .Archives....... . . . . . . .
l'ublic Information Bureau... . .
Public Works.. ....... . . . .
Fig Iron. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......
Railways and Canals.......... .
Registrat.ion of Aliens... . .. ...
Repatriation and Employment
Committee..... ......
R.C. Mountf'd Police. . . . . . . . . . .
Reconstruction and Df'vf'lop-
ment Committee.. . .
Secretary of State. . . _ .
Trade and Commerce...... _ _ .
\Y ar Board Trade. _ . _ . . _ . . . . . . .
War Committee of the Cabinet.
\Var Furchasing Commission...
Winnipeg strike.... .. . . . . . . . .

Tot,at. .. . .

LeH
Credit .Account
-
Canadian Trade Commi
sion
Halifax Retitoration. ... . . . . . .
Soldiers' Civil Re-etitablish-
ment........ ........
Soldiers' Land Settlement... .
l\farine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total. .. . .. . . .

Grand total....

$

602
3,723
14,308
135,029
4,424,005
994,642
40:3,46:3
14,330

74,21.3
124,894
9,267
46,396
.51,312
18
124
81,150
180,259

23,3U,1.ji

6,511
13,718
41, 098
21
838
62,186

23,251,968
346,612,955

War Pensions.-A Board of Pension Commissioners for Canada,
consisting of three members, ,vas created by Order in Council of
June 3, 1916, (P.C. 1,334) ,vith exclusive jurisdiction and autho-
rity to deal ,vith the granting and payment of naval and military
pensions and other allo,vanres. to persons in the Canadian Naval Forces
and the Canadian Expeditionary Force and to their dependants.
There i::; no appeal from the decisions of the commis
ion, but appli-
cants may appear in person or by counsel before the commission to
present complaints.
The scale of pension:-; has been revi
ed several times by Orders
in Council and .Acts of ParlÜunent. Under the existing scale of
pensions for disability as established by Chap. 4
5 of the Statutes
of 1921, t\venty cla
Bes are provided ranging from 100 p.c. or total
disablement to 5 p.r. of disablement. The pen:::;ions range for the
rank and file, according to the class of disablement, from $600 do,vn
to $30 per annum (,vith a bonus of 50 p.('. of these amount,,; during

PUBLIC DEFE_'CE

679

th
Y('
lr conllllcncing; Scptt.\lllher 1, lU21). rrhe pen",iolls for total
di
ahh\nH'nt range froI11 "(j00 for t he rank nnd file up to 2,700 for
p('r:50IlS of and ahove the rank of COIlIIl )dore or hrig:ulier-general.
:\I
\rried II1CIl11.){\r8 of the for
eb receive additional alnounts ranging
frolH
300 I)cr annuln fur 100 p.c. of disablclnent to
15 per annUlll
for 3 p.c. of di
abl(,lHcnt. Silnilarly, for disahl{'d s{)ldier
,vith children
th{'re is an additional pl'l1
ion ranging frolH ::$180 to
Ü for thl"' first
child, from
14 1 to '"'9 for the
c('ond child, nnd frolH
120 to "';(j
fur suLscqtH\nt
hildren. ì\ 0 pen
ion is p:tÏ(l in rcspect of hoys oycr
1 ß ur girb oyer 17 c'\:("Ppt in ('a
e of their phy::;ical or Ilu'ntal infirInity,
or whprc t hl' child i
lllah.ing sa ti
f:tl:'tory progrc::;::; in a course of
in
tru('ti()n approved by the (1unln1Ï:-:
i()n, ,vhl'n the pcn:--:ion IHay be
paid until the child ha
reaehc(l the age.' of 21. 'T'h(' <''\.i
ting scalc
of pPIlsions in C:lSC:5 of disahlpllH'nt i:, !:.ivcll in 1'ablø 26, in ('asps of
death in'l'ahle 25, ".hile rrabl(' 27 p;iy<'" stati
tic8 of pen
ion:, in force
on :\lafch 31, lU20.

2.). _
('ah' or \ nn lIal).t'n!'olon
f.,'Yanted to ))<'IH'lulants of U..'('('as<.'d Sailors and Soldiers
of the ('anadi&UI
a\al "'or('('!o. and the ('anadian t:'l)('ditionar) ).'orc(', as
t"ft,(.thc on Sel)t'mht'r t 19
t.

Rate per .\nnum.
Child or Orphan
Rank or RatiDg of '{ember of Forces. \\ idow or Dl'pt'ndcnt child or
Dppendcnt Brother ( )rphan
Parents. or Brother or

i8ter. :;ibter.
S eta. S ets. S ets.
\11 ratin below Petty uffieer (Naval); Rank and file (\Hlitarv). . 480 00 1 - -
Bonus. 2-10 001 - -
Chief Petty Officer and Petty Oflìccr (
aval);
quad, Buttery or
Company
er
t.-'[ajor and Q.
L
er
eant (
Ii1itary);
('rgt.,
including ::;taff-:;ergt. and Colour-::;ergt. (\hlitary)...... .. ..... 510 OQl - -
Bonus. 210 001 - -
='aval Cadet and Miùshipman (Naval);
[aster Gunn
r not W.O.
(
lilitary) ; Regimental
ergt.-
[ujor not \
.0. lYilitary): Regi-
mental Q.
r. ::;ergeant (
lilitary).. . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'B

's'. 620 00 1 - -
100 001 - -
\\ arrant Officer and Chief Warrant Officer (
aval); Warrant Officer
(}Iilitary). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ .... 'B

. &0 00 1 - -
40 001 - -

ub-Lieutenant (Xaval); Lieutenant (Military)...... ....... .... ... 720 001 - -
Lieutenant (Naval); Captain (Military).. .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . 800 00 1 - -
Lieutana.nt Commander (r-;aval); )[ajor (:\Ulitary).... ................ .. 1,008 001 - -
Commander Rnù Captain under three years' seniority (
aval);
Lieutenant-Colonel ()[ilitary)...... .. . ............................ .. 1,248 00 1 - -
Captain (Naval); Colonel .'Iilitary)................. . . .............. .. 1,512 001 - -
Commoùore and higher ranks (
aval); Brigadier-General and
higher ranks ('(ilitary).... .......... ..-.......... .. ..... . 2,160 00 1 - -
Additional pension for children or dependent brothers or sisters First. . _ . . . . . 180 001 360 00 1
for above rankM... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., ......
f:econd. . . . . . 144 00 1 288 001
Subsequent. 120 001 2-10 001

1 Pensions awarded to parents or brothers and. sbters ma) be less than the

amounts in accordance
v. ith the provisions of this .-\ct.

,

6S0

lDJ/ I lY I f:)TllA TI06V

26.-
cale of Annual Pensions to Disabled Sailors and Soldiers of
Force, as effective on September 1,
PERCENTAGE OF DISABiliTY AND AMOUNT

Rank or Rating
of

r em ber of ForceI'.

Ratf'
per
Annum.

All Ratings belm' 1 Pen!':ion.
Pet t v Officer I
(XavaI); Rank and

File (Military) - .... J
Bonus _ . . .
Chief Petty Officel 1
and Petty Officel
(Xaval);Bquad,Bat- J
tery or Company I Pension. ..
Sergt.-)Iajor anà I
Q.l\t. Sergeant (
lili-
Bonus.
tary); Sergeant, in- I
eluding Staff f;ergt. 1
and Colour-Sergt.
(.Military)......... _

a'-al Cadet and
[id- 1
shipman (Ka,-al); I
'[aster GUnnf'r not I Pension. _ . .
W.O: (
lilit.ary); I
Hegnnental
ergt., Bonus.. . . . .
)Iajor not W.O. I
(
[ilitar
'); negi- I
Ipental Q.
r. Sergt. I
(
[ilitary)'. . . . .. .
"-arrant Officer and 1 Pension. .
Chief Warrant Offi- I
eer (
aval); \Yar-
Bon/ls......

:

_) _

.c

. .(

i
J
:-\ub-Lieutenant I
(Xaval); Lieutenant 1 1 Pension....
(
[ilitary)...,.... _.
Li""ltenant (
aYal);
Captain (Military).
Lieutenant Comman-
der (Naval); )lajor
O[ilitary). . . . . . _ . . .
Commander and Cap-
tain under three
vears' senioritv

(!\'aval); Lieutenant
Colonel ()[ilitary). '
Captain (Naval); Col-
onel ()[ilitary).. .._
Commodore and
higher r a D k s
(
a"al); Brigadier-
General and higher
ranks ()[ilitary>. . . .

.-\ hm-e Ranks. _ ..

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8
Total
100
o 99-95
. 94-90%. 89-85%. 84-80%. 79-75%. 74-70%. 69-65
o.

$ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts. $ cts.
6)0 00 570 00 540 00 510 00 480 00 150 00 420 00 390 00

303 00 2
5 OG 270 00 255 00 240 00 225 00 210 00 195 00

637 50 605 63 573 75 541 88 510 00 478 13 446 25 414 3
262 50 249 37 236 25 223 12 210 00 196 87 183 75 170 62

775 00 736 25 697 50 658 75 620 00 581 25 542 50 503 75
125 00 118 75 112 50 106 25 100 00 92 75 87 50 81 25

S50 00 807 50 765 00 722 50 680 00 637 50 595 00 552 50
50 00 47 50 45 00 42 50 40 00 37 50 35 00 32 50

900 00 855 00 810 00 765 00 720 00 675 00 630 OC 585 00

1,000 00 950 00 9UO 00 850 00 800 00 75000 700 00 650 00

1,260001,1\:)7001,134001,071 00 1,Oû8 00 94500 88200 81900

1,560001,482 00 1,404 00 1,326 00 1,248 00 1,170 001,092001,014 00
1,890001,795501,701001,606501,512001.417501,323 00 1,22850

2,700002,565 00 2,430 002,295 002,160002,025001,890001,755 00

---"'---------------

Additional
pension
for )iar-
ried mem-
bers of the
Forres. .., 300 OC' 285 00 270 00 255 00 240 00 225 00 210 O(J 195 00

Additional pem,ion for
childrpn for above
ranks Fir!':t child. 18D 0.0 171 00 162 00 153 00 144 00 135 00 126 00 117 00
Second
child. . . . . 144 00 138 00 132 00 126 00 120 00 114 00 108 00 102 00
Subsequent
children. . 120 00 114 00 10
00 102 00 96 00 90 00 84 00 78 00

The bonm: payments set forth in this Schedule shall be paid during the year commencing September 1,
1921. Members of the forces permanently disabled to a less extent than five per cent shall be entitled to a
final payment not exceeding $100.
)lembers of the forres \\ ho are at the time of retirement or discharge, or who later become disabled 10
an extent .of b
tween five and fourteen per cent may elect to accept a final payment in lieu of the pen.3ions

et forth 10 thIS Hchedule. The amount of such final payment in cases of disability between five and nine
per cent shall not .exceed three hundred dollars and in r3,ses of disability between ten and fourteen per cent
shall not exceed SIX hundred dollars and shall be determined in accordance with the extent of the disabi-
lity and its probable duration. )Jembers of the forces permanently disabled between ten and fourteen per

SCALE uP t \"VU lL PFXSIUSS

mn

Ult
('anadian ':nal "'or('('s and f he Canadian J:'I)('dif ionar)
19"!1. IIluh'r tht. '-..nsion \d.
OF P.:X
IOX
.
XD \lLO\\ .\
(,EI'o.

6

('J:
,,"" 9 (,II
10 (,h
BiCIa.: 121('11::- 1:
(,l:
14(I:
U(I:
lft(l:
Ii (,I:
I
CI:
19 (,l:
20
6-1-60' . 5 f l-:>5' . 51-50 . 1f}-45' o. ....-..0' . 31}-35' 0 :U-:IO' . !H-25( . 24-20' CO I9-15( (). 14-10' 9-5' '.
- $ ("t
o

I

I

cts. sct
.

:..0 Ill> :1:10 00 3'10 00 2.0 011 2'0 Ou I 210 011 1811 110 1511 00 120 110 00 00 60 00 30 00
,...0 00 165 00 150 00 13,j 00 120 OU 1115 00 9
00 i5 00 60 00 45 00 30 00
..>>2 50 350 ",1 31".5 2>1\ '" 2"; 001 22:1 13 191 25 låO 38 12. 50 9.; b3

15 or

63 75

31 &

15i 50 IH :17 131 25 111'\ 12 JI).') 00
Il ,j

j
i5

65 62

52 59

3!} 37

26 25

13 12

4ti.) Otl 426 :?5 :I
7 50 -I, 75 :no OU
71 25 2:12 5
19:3 75 1;),) 00 116 25 77 50 3
75
7500 Uð 75 ò2 50 5625 5
O(J 43 75 37 50 31 25 2500 18 75 12 50 625
j
510 00' 467 50 425 00 382 5!1 340 00 297 50 255 00, 212 50 170 00 127 50 85 00, .2 50
3000 '27 5Q 2500 22 5

O Ou 17 50 1 5 00 1 12 50 III 00 7 50 500 1 2 50
,j" I 00 I -1,1)0 00 31\0 00 1 ..5 OU
-t!I.') 110 "115 00 :U501 2;0 00 22.; 00 1
1I O(J 1:15 00 YO OU
, I
I
1):'1000: 5.1)0 Oll! 500 00 -150 OU 4UO 00 350 00 300 00 1 250 00 200 00 150 00 IOU 00 500U
756 (}Ol 6\13 U'I 630 AU 567 00 504 ou 441 00 37b uu 315 Ou 252 00 IbU 00 126 00 63 00
!J:16 00 b.)ðOO i:su 00 jùl 00 62-1 00 546 UOI -If).' UU 3uO 00 312 00 234 00 156 00 1 78 00
I,IM OJ I.U39 50 H45 00 ,')6700 1 3j
00 2b3 50 94 50
"'.')0 SO 751i OU li61 .')! 4i2 50 1
9 Ou
1. 6.W 00 I.4
,l 00 1,3,'>0 00 1,21500 1,0
0 00 \1-15 Of 1'\10 00 675 00 540 00 40.3 OU 270 00 135 uu
- - - - - - - - - -

1"'" 00 165 00 150 00 135 00 120 00 10,') Oú 9000 75 00 6000 4500 3000 150o.
-- - - - - - - - -- - -
108 00 99 00 90 all 81 00 72 00 63 00 54 00 450u 3600 2700 Ib 00 9 00
9600 9000 "4 00 ';ð 00 72 00 6300 54 00 4.; 00 360(J 27,00 1
00 900
72 00 6600 6000 54 00 11\ 001 42 00 3600 3000 2.. Dol 1800 12 00 600

cent f'halJ receive !'Iix hundred dollars.
lembers of the forces permanently di!'tabled betv.ecn five and
nine per cent shall receive three hundred dollar!ol. If an election has been made to accept a final payment

uch election is final unle::-s the di
ability of the member of the forces concerned become
greater in extent,
in v.hich ca:,,;e the persion shall be adjusted for the pa!-t period in accordance with the extent of the dis-
ability and the amount paid as a final payment :shall be deducted. If a married pensioner de:.ires to elect
to accept a final payment t he consent of his v. ife must be secured. All payments of pen
ion made sub!oe-
quent to the time at which an av.ard of fourteen per cent or under i
made
hall be cleducted {rom the
amount of the final pa
menl.

682

ADJlllVISTRATION

21.-Nmnber of Pensions in Force on :\Iarch 31, 1920, and the Yearly Liability
incurred thereon.

Classes.

No. Yearly
Liability.
$
10,066 5,978,864 00
5,028 1,706,018 00
1,562 451,205 50
43 13,580 00
17,052 1 2,384,782 00
938 278,760 00
176 25,156 00
10 2,78400
17,823 10,8!I,U9 50

DEPENDANTS.

'\\ïdovrs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mothers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fathers...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grandparents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
Children. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Orphans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brothers and sisters... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Orphan brothers and sisters.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

DISABILITIES.

P
S
R
W
L
C
:.\
L
C
B

Classification. Pensioners. Wives. Children. Liability.
$ cts.
rivates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,099 26,578 38,317 12,211,831 80
ergeants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,780 3,255 4,800 1,157,330 14
.S.M..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 125 199 41,014 75
. 0.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 65 96 24,089 00
ieutenants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,853 70.0 681 422,176 60
aptains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 328 432 227, 197 00
Iajors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 187 306 115,143 00
ieut.-Colonels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 46 59 39,545 00
olonels.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3 7 5,205 00
r .-Generals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . 3 1 - 2,070 00
69,203 31,288 44,897 14,245,602 29
310 special allowances 89,516 12
14,33ã,118 41

1 Not included in total.

Royal Military College.-The ROYàl Milit3,ry College of Can-
ada was founded in 1876. Since its foundl,tion some 1,594 gentlemen
cadets have been enrolled; of this number 163 are now in attend
nce,
and approximately 150, though their names appear on the college
roll as having been admitted, either did not actually join, or, if they
did, were only at the College for a very short time. Of the remainder,
some died previous to August 4, 1914. Over 900 took part in the
Great 'Yar, 147 of \vhom laid down their lives for king and country.
Some 750 British and 75 foreign decorations have been H\varded to
ex-cadets, and lllany have risen to high rank in the service of their
country. Three of the Canadian divisions serving in France were
conlmanded by ex-cadets, and an ex-cadet also commanded one of
the Australian divisions at Gallipoli. The establishment of the

}ÞUBLIC DEFH.\ elJ

683

Collc
e, as &tatcd in the .Act of 1
7-1, (37 Yiet., c. 36), ,vas '"for thp
purpo
e of Ïluparting a cOlllplete edlleatiou in all hrallehe:5 of nlÌlitary
taetic
, fortifieati()n
, ('ngineerin
and gener:ll bcielltific kno,vlcdge in
:5uhject':) connected with and neel'
sary to a thorough l"uo,vledgp of the
nlÌlitary prof(.
ion, and for qualifying ofIìeer::; for conllnand
anù for
t:lJT appointInent:--." In addition to the foregoing the
cour
e of in
trlletion i:-; such as to afford a thorough, practical
lnd
scipntific tr:lining in civil t'n
inpcring,
urveyill
, phy
ics and ('henlÌs-
try, Engli:"h and Frcnch. Strict di::;ciplinp, cOJnhinpd with phy
ical
training, ridiu
, drill and ou t door p::une:,. fOrIn
pa rt of the curriculunl.
1'he ('ollege is :-,ituated on a beautiful })(\nin:;ula one luilp frOll1
I\:ing:,ton, ,vit}
the C:ttaraqui rivcr on onc
ide, enlptyinJ,!; into the

t. L:nvrenec ri\"er at its junctun
,vith lake Ontariù, [lnd
n.Yy hay
on the othcr. l'hp ground:-i iUl'IUtlp ahout GO Hen's on ,vhieh are
sit ua tcd the Etlue:l t iona I Building anll a ne"" Edue:l t ional Buildinf!
in eour
c of ('oll:4 ruet ion. rrhe ('ulll'!!c i
U 11<1('[' t he
u }H.rvision ùf

Iilitia }leadqu:lrtt"rs, ,vho annually appoint a board of vi
itor:::
c(Jlnpo

d of leading ('anadi
ln eitjzpn
Lot h ('i ,.il a nel lllilitary.
The
tatT is eOlnpo:-\ed of a (.olJlInandant :uHI a
tafl' adjutant,
a "...i:-;ted hy a cOlnpet pnt st afT of ei\"il a 11< 1 Illil it ary I>r()ff\:-,:-\()r
:lnd
instructors. .\. four ypar:j' cour:-\p le
Hb to a "I )iplolll:t ,vith IIonours,"
or "'T>iplonl:l " and "Certifi('ate of I)b('har
p." rrù graduates are
annually ofTered a I1llJuhpr of eOIHllli:-;:-;ion
in thp Canadian p('r-
Inancnt forcl' :l.., ,'"
ll
IS c()nuni
;:,illn:-, in the j{oyul Artillery, l{oyal
Engineer:::; and other hr
lnehe
of thp Inlperial bprvice. Positions
in the Puhlic "()rk
I)ppartInent, I{
"dr()graphif' Rurveys, ptc., are
-also availuble for graduates. l'he
I('Gili and rroronto 1 T niver
itie:;
:Hhnit graduatl':-; to thp third ypar in thpir
('ieIH'p Facultiù:-" and the
L:nv
('h()ol:-: also offer privilege:-:.

))}:I..\ItT]IE
T Of'
_\\ \L
}:It\.}(.:1:.
rrhe
aval
eryit.c of Canada ,vas l'stahli;-;hcel by thp Xaval
Service Act, l
HO (9-10 Edw. \'11, c. ;):3). 1\
originally estahlished
the l)epartuH'nt con
i:,ted of 8 ßranchés,-(l) X aval, (2) Fi
heries,
(3) Fi
hcry Protpction, (4) 1'idal and Current Survey, (5) Hyclro-
p:raphie
urvey, (ü) Hadiotclpgraphy, (7) Patrol of Korthern \Yater8,
and (
) Life b:.lving bervice.
In lü20 the Dppartluent ,,-as rc-organized to conl;.;ist of six
Branchp
,-(l) X aval, (2) Fi:3hery Protection, (3) IIydrop:raphic

urvey, (4) rridal and Current
tlr\"PY, (5) J{adiotelegraphy, and (û)
Putrol of X orthern 'Vatpr:-:, the Fisheries and Life Saving Branches
,verc tran
ferrL'ù to the I)eparhnent of ::\Iarine. The appropriation
for the Departnlent for thf' YC:lr 1920-2] ,,,:1:-\ :33,8U7,840, of ,vhich

Ulll
2,b32,906 was expendeù up to the 31st Decenlber, 1920.
In 1920 the ships of the old fleet ,vere di::;posed of [llul a nlore
nlodern fleet, consisting of one cruiser, two torpedo boat destroyers,

ul<l t,,,o
uhnlarines, nequired hy free gift from the Imperial Govern-
111f'nt. 'file
}
ir>:-; of thi:::: fleet are particularly ,veIl adapted for

'-

684

_1DJfI^
ISTRA TIOJ.V

training purpo
e
in all branches of Naval :Science. The personnel i:-;
ahnost exrluf;ively Canadian, all officers ,vith thp exception of four
being graduates of the Royal Naval College of Canada.
1'he Fishery Protection Service maintains fleets for the protection
of fi
hing ,vithin the territori
l ,vaters of Canad
ì on the Atlantic and
Pacific coa
ts, as ,veIl as on the Great Lakes.
Thp work of the Hydrographic Buryey consists in the survey of
ocean beds, roast line
, bays, harbours, rivers and lakes; the pre-
paration and distribution of ('h
lrts, pl
U1S and s
iling directions of
the navigable ,vaters of Canada; and the maintenance of automatic
,vater gauges in thp sf. L
,vrence River and Great Lakes.
The work of the Tidal and Current Survev consists in the scien-
tific investigation of tides and current8 on th
Atlantic and Pacific
Coasts, Hudson Bay, and the Arctic Ocean, the preJif'tion of tides
and the deterrnination of tide 'levels.
The Radiotelegraph Service administers Radiotelegraphy
throughout the Dominion of Can
da. and in ships rpgistered therein

designs, eonstruf'ts, and operate
Governrnent Stations on both
ship
and
hore, and license
and inspects all private stations in
Canada and on all Canadi
n ships.
The Canadirln ...\.rctic Expedition was organized in 1913 under the
leadership of
Ir. YÜhjalmur Stefansson, to explor(' ,vaters and land:-: in
tIie northern zone contigious to Canadian territory under Canadi
tn
jurisdif'tion, and more particularly Be:1ufort Sea; to investigate animal
and marine life in the areas cov('red, to take soundings and obtain data
in respect of meteorologieal and tidal conditions prev:ailing in these
latitudes, and to map thp cupper bea-ring and associ
Üed rocks of the
main land ,vithin certain prescrihed areas. After five years' strenuous
,vork the expedition returned in 1918 ,vith information of very
great value. Biologieal, geological and statistical reports based
then'on are in f'ourse of compilation, and will be of very considf'rablp
interest both scientifically and commerci
lly.
Royal Naval College.- The Royal Naval College of Canada,
temporarily locatpd at EsquÏInalt, B.C., is nlaintained for the purpose
of imparting a complete education in K aval Science to young men
desiring to enter the Naval Service as officers. The College provides
a{'comod
tion for 45 Cadpt:-\, and the course, ,vhif'h correspond
in
a X aval spnse to that of the l{,oyal l\Iilitary College, extends over
a period of 3 years. Graduates are eligible for appointment in the
Hydrographic and Tidal and Current Surveys and a
midshipmen
in the K aval Service. They are also entitl<:d to enter t hp second year
of the applied science courses in l\IcGill University and in the
l T niyersity of Toronto.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police.--Thp Royal Canadi
ul
::\Iounted Police are distrihuted in l\Ianitoba, Saskatehe,van, Alberta,
the N orth,vest rI'erritories, Yukon Territory, British Columbia,
Ontario, Quebec and ::\Iaritime Provinces, ,vith headquarters at
Otta,va, and the operations of the force for the year
ended Septernber

J>FP.tU'J'\IHS l' Oli' .V I V..tl.J SJ.;Hl [('F

ns,)

:
o l!Jl U and 1 (}:!O 'lre d('
erihed in thp COJnlni;..;sionpr'
H.<'p<H.t

for tht':--t,
(\:tJ"S. Ûn
cptcnlb 'r .
O, 1920, (1"ahle 18,) tll(' ::;tr 'ngt h
of tht' forel' '\":1:-\ 7:
offì('('rs, 1 ,5û8 non-roJnnlÏ:--
t.d offi.cprs and
con::;taLlc", and n.t 2 hor:-\('
, an inert':l:-\p of 1:
ofo('t'rs, .:)
nOI\-('Ol\l-
Ini-:,')ionpd uflic('r
and eonsta.hlt

and 1 O(} h<H.:-;<'
, a
(,olllparcd ,,,ith
Hi(' prpyiou
ypar. Oil. Ft'hruary 1, U)20, ulHll'r authority of an
.\et tu aUH'nd t hp l{,oyal X ort In,.c",t :\f ount<'d Poli("(' Aet (1 () (:t'o.
Y, c. 28), t he' nanlP of t hp force '\'a
('ha Il
('d to 'i Hoyal Canadian
:\Iountt'<1 Policp," anti thl' hl.a.dquartt'rs we're tran:-;felTPd to Ott:H,.a.

2
.-'-'trenJ!:th and Uistrlhutloll of flu' Ito)"..' ('an..dhul "ollnh'd PolI..t' on

t'l)h'mtU'r :;0, 19'!O.

Df':--rription.

'-

'-
I
!::
-:j
;;...
2/-

....::;;
.
--=

( ommi&\ionrr
\:--:--i:--tant Comrnihsiunt'rtl. .. .
:-\upl'rintendents
I n..QP{'{'tor:i.

urp;t'ons.
"l'tl'rinary
urgl'on
.
:-\taff
('r
t':mt

:-\E'r
eants.. .
('orp()ral
'
('on
tabll'8
:-\p{'{'ial COn8whl

......

t
I
3
4
1

9

6
10
12
17
17

9
21
3

It.i

11

c:
i:

--:

:

11

11

22

,
177
29

0:::
fi
1:
;"
-;
..:.c

:n

I
3
9
I
1
15
:t')
.a
269
22

llor
.
Do . .. .. .

182 23", 224

).i 7 :UJII 100 1 tin

Total ..

it

'ë

.....

1
5

5
12
20
11-1
3

116
211

.=
I

;.

..c...
...'-
'- :..
Cr--
:.-"

>,
'-
.s
cï:
- '-

:..
::H.....
:,...

:..
1.1

a.?
.- "
:
E
'-",
,:-

o
.

.E

;
::::

Õ
E-<

2

I
2

:?
S

- I
- a
- H
I ,')2
- 2
- 1
I Iii
3 l:ti
- ]!I.

20 1,0t).'j
- 1:

1

4
I
7
2

5
I
7
2

4

ï
2ft
2

262
51

2
1
1
3

Iti

t!o\ , !'\I

,

').j 1 671

64

13
29

9-12
11:1

169

.If 1)1('1.\1. ST_\TI
TI{'S \'D PE'IT}

TI\UII':S.

l'hc erin} inal and j udil'i.tl st at ist il'
of Ca n:lda an' ('oll('("tcd,
(.ulnpil('d and puhli...;hcd annually hy tilt' DonlÌnion Bllrp
lu of
Stati:o'tir:-; undpr 8tatutory authority of the St..Lti
tit:::; ...\ct, UHS (8-9
Geo. Y., e. -1-3). Th('
' rplate to thp year (,11(1<'d
ppt(,lnhcr :
O, anJ the
la
t is
u()d annual ['('port i
for 1 U lU. 'The
tatisti('
are divided into
t".o ela
:-:p
uf (l) indicÌ1\hlp off('nc('
and (2) ::;uIIllnary c()nvirtion
, the
fanner COlll}Hi:-\ing all (':1:-\(':0' t rit'd by pol icp OJ" ot h('r lllagi:-;t ra t PS and
the latter ull easl'"' of Ininor itnport'uH'(' di:o'})o:-;pd pf hy ju:;ti('('...; of the
peac{' und('r t hp ;-;ulnrnary Cnn yiction
.\et.
Indictable Offences.-1"'ahll' 29 sho"',,, by provincè:-; in r('s})('ct
of indictnbll' offpncp:-, the numher of rhargt.:-- and eonvÜ.tion:-ì and tl\(.
pcrr('ntage
of acquittals for tl1<' y('ar
IUli, IH1E and 1919. 'TIH'fl'
".en
23.021 churgp
and Ib,3f)(). cOllyietiolls for indictahle OffPllCCS
throughout Can
da during the year PI1(h'd
ppt('rnh('r 30, 191B, a

('oluparpd ,,'ith 21.7-l7 ("harge:-; and 17.370 ronviction
ill lUl
, an
inrrease of 1,27-l or .5.
ò p.c., for ('tar
('s and of I,02() or ,).91 p.e.,
for convictions during the year.

686

ADJfINISTRATIO]{

Summary Convictions.-The number of summary convictions
-that is, the total number of convictions for all offences less the
number of convictions for indictable offences-in 1919 was 111,623,
as compared with 105,899 in 1918. This repre
ents an increase of
5,724, or 5.40 p.c.
Death Sentences.-During 1919, 28 persons were sentenced
to death for murder, as compared ,vith 20 in 1918. Death sentences
in 1919 ,,-ere carried out in 21 cases, compared ,vith 10 in 1918, and
,vere con1muted to a term of yearf3 or life imprisonment in 7 cases in
1919, compared ,vith 10 in 1918. Seven persons were sentenced in
1919 to be imprisoned for life, as compared \vith four persons in 1918.

29.-Charges, Condctions and PercentaJ?;cs of Acquittals for Indictable Offences, by
Prm'inces, 1917, 1918 and 1919.

1917. 1918. 1919.
Provinces.
Convic- Acq ui t- Convic- Acquit- Convic- Acq ui t-
Charges tions. tals. Charges tions. tals. Charges tions. tals.
- - - - - - - --
No. No. p.c. No. No. p.c. No. No. p.c.
Prince Edward Island. . . . . 36 33 8.33 42 37 11.90 32 31 3.12
Nova ::;cotia. . .. . . . . . . . . . . 711 582 18.14 990 717 27.58 1,059 767 27.67
X ew Brunswick. . . . . . . . . 383 332 13.32 387 334 13.69 437 333 23.80
Quebec... . 4,103 3,376 17.72 4,631 3,747 19.09 4,823 3,920 18,74
Ontario. . . .. . . . . . . . . . 8,576 6,924 19,26 10,278 8,313 19.12 10,647 8,628 18.96
Manitoba.... . . 1,319 1,090 17.40 1,617 1,364 15.65 1,619 1,386 14.39
Saskatchewan............ _ 1,420 1,065 25.00 1,412 1,099 22.17 1,385 1,135 18.05
Alberta _ . . 1,335 901 32.51 1,237 889 28.13 1,480 1,040 29.73
British Columbia. ". . 1,548 1,234 20.29 1,138 859 24.52 1,532 1,151 24.87
Yukon. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 22 4.35 15 11 26.66 7 5 18.57
- - - - - - - - -
Canada. . . . . . . . . . 19,45:1 15,559 20.02 21,747 17,370 20.13 23,021 18,396 20.09

30.-Indictable Offences b)' Classes, 1918 and 1919.

1918. 1919.
Class.
Convic- Convic-
Charges. tions. Charges. tions.
No. No. No. No.
I. Offences against the person........ . . . . . .. 3,568 2,529 3,684 2,614
II. Offences against property with violence... 2,3Cì5 2,049 3,092 2,606
III. Offences against property without violence 12,012 9,602 12,372 9,911
IV. Malicious offences against property. . . . . . . 375 249 523 370
V. Forgery and other offences against the
currency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . 309 256 466 377
VI. Other offences not in the foregoing classes 3,118 2,685 2,884 2,518
Total........ . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 21,747 17,370 23,021 18,396

C1UJIl..Y.lL STA7 ' /STICS

687

31. - ('onuctlons :\11(1
l'nh'II('('
for :.11 t)fY('I)('('S, 1)) PrO\in('('s, 1913-191
'.

Prm, inc('
. 1913. 1914. 1915. Hn6. 1917. 191H. 1919.
Ï'io. Xo. Ko. Ko. No. No. No.
('an.lda -
Convict ion
. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. - 173,138 183,O
5 153,o,'j5 123,791 114,011 123,2G9 130,019
S{'n1{'nccs-
Pf'nitcntiary. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. - .. .. 1, 3U:I 1,216 1,3
2 m
2 b
ü 1'\!}O 1,214
Gaol or fine.... .. . ... .. ... 142,016 IH,
07 115, 150 U7, S47 92,402 Y9,S99 105,747
Hcformatory. . . .. . 5.:>1 5!12 517 ,j6
5S4 67R 678
Df'a1h...... . . 23 27 34 21 1:; 20 28
()thf'r æntcnccs... . . 2!J, 245 39, 3
13 36,032 24,373 20, :i24 21,7fì2 22,352
.
)-rinrc }
d"ard Island -
l 'onvict ions. . . . . . . . . 455 523 3G2 419 356 246 267

f'n t f'ncf'S--
Penitentiary.. . .. . .. . . 4 - q 3 5 2 2
Gaol or finf'..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 447 .04 350 402 338 Ins 240
H('(ormatory. . . .. - - - - 2 7 6
I )('at h. - - - 1 - - -
Otlwr
ntcnccs... 4 19 4 13 11 39 19
:\O\a
('otla--
t' onv iet ions. . 7,OJ8 7,379 6,724 6,.3& 5,282 5,511 6,300
:--t'n t ('n('('8-
P('nit('ntiary. . . . 83 70 93 50 45 105 108
Gaol or fint'........... 6,417 6,7()!) 5, 9(j:
5,bH!1 4,533 4,682 5,471
Bt'fo} matory.. ....... .. 42 46 55 42 19 47 44
I )('a tit. 2 3 2 2 2 2 -
Ot h('r :,('o1<.'n('('8. . . .. .. .. .. .. 494 491 611 575 653 675 fi77
:\ (' \\ Urllns\\ ft'k-
Convictions. . . . . . . . . .. . 3,324 3,101 3,111 2,960 2,890 1,945 2,780
S('n t ('O('t':O-: -
P('nit('ntiary............ . hJ 24 33 40 25 17 53
Gaol or fine.. ..... .. . . . . . 3,166 2,935 2,834 2,696 2,59S 1,(j
R 2,477
Hf'(ornw.tory. .... .. . . . . . . 10 11 24 15 27 16 21
l)('a t h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - 1
Ot her s('nt('nces. . . . . . . . . . . . 129 131 2
0 209 246 224 228
QI...h('(' -
Conyictioos. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,703 34,149 27.205 24,591 25,936 29,121 34,801

('nt('n('e

P('nit('ntiary............ . 1
7 2
û 273 2
3 IS5 192 355
Gaol or tim' . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .. . .. 25,

1 26,112 20,021 lY,154 20,205 23,2
1 28,135
:Reformatory. . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 1
9 141 133 155 152 185
D('ath. . .......................... .. 1 2 5 1 2 4 7
Other 8('otf'n('{,8. . . . . . . . . . . . 6,513 7,670 6,7G5 5,070 5.389 5,542 6,119
Ontario -
Convictions.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,799 65,806 58,876 49,620 49,579 54,7Gl 53,215

{'nten('es--
Penit{'ntiary. . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 355 409 2R7 216 343 3
9
Gaol or fine.............. 45.134 48,763 41,303 35,618 39,366 42,745 41,211
Reformatory......... . 263 242 234 266 289 352 323
Dea th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 7 4 4 4 8
Other sentences. . . . . . . . . . . . 13,109 16,442 16,923 13,445 9,7U4 11,317 11, 284
'Ianitoba -
Convictions.. ... . . . . . . .. . . . 18,095 16,334 12,843 9,052 8,155 8,662 9,514

('nt('nces--
Penitentiary. . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 73 129 38 55 59 87
Gaol or fine...... . .. . . . . . 15,573 13,302 10. 277 7,234 6,626 6,538 7,3
7
Refonnatory. .... . . . . . . . . 63 106 33 85 31 59 64
Dea th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 6 2 4 5 -
Other sentences............ 2,282 2,851 2,398 I, ()f13 1,439 2,001 1,976

688

ADJIIJ.VISTRATIU_\

31.-('on\ictions and
entences for all Offences, b)' Provinces, 1913-19t9-concluded

ß

Province
. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
No. No. No. No. No. No.
o.
Saskatchl'wan-
Convictions. - - . . 13,328 13,782 11,672 11,016 7,072 7,635 7,315
Sentencps-
Penitentiary. . . . 70 107 60 62 36 64 63
Gaol or finf'.. _.. . . -.. 12,170 12,184 10,586 10,141 6,533 7,010 6,636
Reformatory. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 3 2 - 5 -
Death. . . . . . . . ............... .. 4 4 1 2 - 3 8
Other sentence::;... .......... .. 1,076 1,479 1,022 809 503 553 608
AI berta -
Conviction::;..... .. .. , . 19,426 19,043 14,419 11 , 426 6,627 7,633 7,001
Spntences-
Ppnitentiary. . . . , . . . . . . . . 220 185 157 138 56 65 76
Gaol or fine. . . . . . . , . . . lï, 504 16,271 12,558 10, 307 6,124 7,206 6,401
Reformatory. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4 4 4 1 2 1
Death. . ...... .. ...... .. 3 4 2 4 1 1 3
Other sentence::;, . . .... .......... 1,684 2,579 1,6g8 9n 445 359 520
ritish Columbia-
Convictions. . . , . . . . 19,786 22,694 17,673 7,963 8,002 7,6S0 8,789
Sentence::;-
Penitentiary. . . ...... .. 252 176 160 129 57 43 81
Gaol or finf'..... . 15,582 14,7:H 11, 136 6,277 6,004 6,,536 7,768
Reformatory. . . . . . . . . . . 29 36 23 21 30 38 34
Death. . . . , ... ... .. . - . 7 7 10 4 1 1 1
Other spntf'ncps. . . . ...... .. 3,916 7,681 6,344 1,532 1,910 1,062 90.5
Yukon Territor)r-
Conviction::;... . 184 224 170 176 106 75 37
Rf'ntences-
Penitentiary. . . . - 4 - - 2 6 - -
Gaol or fine...... . . . . . . . . 142 173 122 119 75 66 21
Reformatory. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - -
Death... ... _.. .. .. . . .. . . - 1 1 1 1 - -
Other sentences....... .. . . . 38 50 47 54 2.,1 9 16
he Territories-
Convictions.......,.. .. ... . - - - - - - -
Sentences-
Penitentiary. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - -
Gaol or fine. . . , . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - -
Reformatory. . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - -
Death. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - -
Other spntences. . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1 -

T

Juvenile Delinquen ts.-In C:1I1'ìd
1., us in other countries, thp
number of juvenih
dplinquentfì coming before the cJurts h:tS in('re),
cd
very considera.bly in recent ye
ìrs. In 1 Ð19, 3,876 p('r
()n:-; under
16 yp
rs of agp ,vere convicted of illdiet'ìhlf' offences, as comp'tred
,vith an annual averagp of 972 in the three ye:trs 1901 to 1003-
ln
increase out of all proportion to the increJ.tje in popuh.tioll. A]'-lJ"Ining
conclusion
have been ba
ed upon the

and sin1ilar
ktti
tics of otl.:er
countries, hut it i
doubtful ho,v far the increa:-;e i'3 due rather to inrrc:.l:-'-
ing urbanization and the of'tter cnfor('('n1f'nt of the In ws than to an
r
real lo,vering in thp Illoral standarcb of the young. Of thE' 3.87 Ù

e ill .lll.\ A. [
k" TA 1'1:iT I ('S

S

convictions in 1 9 1
, :!,8
7 \" 're for thpft anti Ö 11 for h\lrgl'\f
r, hou
('
and shop brcakinp;. Of th()H
('onyictf'd :i,o:{n \V('J"(' I('t off \\ ith a
warning, hound to k('('p the p('
l('(' or allcnn'd to go HUÙ 'r su:-;ppndt'd
:-\('11 t Pile'.

J2.- .Juu'l1l1(' ('rlmlm,ls ('OI1\1{.tt." of II1"h.tahl
Otft.,u't'''i b) (1asst's of Off"l1t,\". 1919.
nlth tht' total and )t.'arl) au'rat:c for tht" ltt'rlod tS,,\.j-1919.

J
J
J
I
,
,

..
I lYndpr 16 Yf':1rR nnd Totals.
16 years. undC'r 21-
CIa. ;if'S of OtT('nc('.
'I. F. 'I. F. 'I. F.
1919.
o.
o
o. Xo. Xo. !\o.
OtTenc
s ap;uin<.;t the person 'iH 9 211 24 2JO 33
r. OfIf'nc{'s 3.p;uinst proJ>('rty "ith
violence.. . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. U33 11 !)G
4 l,UOI 15
II. Offences np;ainst property" ithout
violcn('('. . " " . - - - - .. .. 2,515 116 2,123 liS 4, (ì;
", 294
v. 'Ialicious offcnc('s a
ains.. prn}X'rty 152 4 55 1 207 .5
r }-'orJ..,"ry and offcnrcs a
ain:-it the
curn'ncy. . .. ....... .. .... - ......... 8 - 100 13 10
I:J
"I. Ot-h('r otTf'n('f's not included in the
aho\ e offf'nccs.... -II ð 130 3H 171 47
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . I 3.ns 1I"í :I.5S7 259 7,31.j 107
otall
-1919..... . . . II, ; 1,
'n I:I.Gl
3, 115 1'\1'\,37S 5,2
2
rt.arl, aH"ra
e 1
-t919.. 1.279 52 I;! 1ft !J
OJ -.,- 1.)"
. . .
. .) ....

T
'\

3.1.- ( h.ugt'!oi. \('(Iulf tals, COIuldions and
t'l1ft'IU'.' In rt"sl)t'd of In(lIctable Ulrl"ll('e

191-1-1919.

Charges and
('niences.

HH-I. 1915. 1916. 1917. lU18. lY 19.
Xo. Xo. No.
o. Xo. ]\0.
28,007 26,714 23,942 19,45-1 21.747 23,021
6,543 6,060 4,757 3,86
-1,356 4,592
26 29 25 27 21 3:I
21, 438 20,625 19,160 15, .5;')) 17,:nO IH.
96
20,52S 19,62-1 15,4R6 1
.Oh6 14.H71 W,Wl
910 1,001 3,674 2,473 2,49!J 2,23;)
18,315 17,695 16,806 13,093 14,310 Vi, ll

I,R19 1,776 1,337 1,373 1,551 1,641
1. 304 1,154 1,017 1,093 1,509 1,637
5,51S 5,344 6.7S6 t,845 5,106 .5. 0.5;

6,306 5,774 :I.816 2,890 3,284 3,455
946
93 6üt.i 162 7R3 921
fl67 1,074 799 540 701 97

241 2-ll 178 145 18.5 229
8 7 5 1 4 7
')... 34 21 15 20 2

...
592 517 568 5
4 678 678
6,S33 6,7-ll 6,321 6,077 6,609 7,047

Charp;es. " . . .
Acquittals... _
Pcrso
s .detained for lunacy.. . . . . . . . . .
Con\ lctlOns. . " .. ..." ... .."......"..

Ialcs.......... . . " . . .
Females.. . . . . . . . .
First conviction............

ccond conviction... . . . . . . .
Reiterated conviction....... .

Scntenccs-
Option of a fine. . . . . . . . . . .
Cnder one year in gaol......
One year and over in gaol. . . .. .
T" 0 years and undf'r five in pf'ni-
ten tiary . . . . . " . . . . . . . . .. .....
:Five years and over in penitf'ntÎary
For liCe in penitentiary. . .. . .
Dca t h . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Committed to reformatorics.... .
Other sentf'nces. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

IJncludes cases where proceedings were stayed. di:.;agreement oC jury, et('.
1842i-44

690

ADJ.II.XISTRATION

3!.-Classification of Pt'rsons Con\icted of Indictable Offences, 1913-1919.

Classes. 1913. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919.
.
.
Occupa tions- No. :No. No. No. No. No. No.
Agricul tural. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . 702 1,267 1,312 899 904 1,152 966
Commercial.............. . 2,580 1,947 2,039 1,472 1,424 1,813 1,963
Domestic......... . . . . . . . . . 1,012 1,106 955 914 1, 390 1,866 1,608
Industrial. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . 1,441 1,798 1,573 1,049 937 1,214 1, 424
Professional. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . 0 149 149 238 496 390 359 315
Labourer. . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . 6,191 7,768 6,736 4,155 3,513 4,403 5,232
Not given........ . . . . . . . . . . 6,245 7,393 7,772 10,175 7,001 6,563 6,888
Civil condition-
Married.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4,025 4,584 4,323 3,761 3,450 4,474 4,472
Single. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,074 10,968 11 , 320 8,373 8,700 10,339 11 , 081
'Widowed. .. . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . 138 154 136 142 110 269 t t315
Not given........ . . . . . . . . . . 4,083 5,732 4,846 6,884 3,299 2,288 I 2,528
Educational status-
Unable to read or write. . . . 274 769 1,066 1, 0.07 763 1,084 843
Elementary....... . . . . . .0.. . 13,311 14,865 14,138 11 , 045 11,390 14,042 14,408

0 295 415 332 269 289 192 282

,up('nor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
K 0 t given. . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . . 4,440 5,389 5,089 6,939 3,117 2,052 2,863
Ages-
Under 16 years... .... . . . . . . 0 2,313 2,628 3,050 3,157 3,606 4,104 3,876
16 years and under 21....... 2,442 2,652 2,719 1,575 1,928 2,938 3,846
21 years and under 40....... 7,630 8,831 8,114 5,878 5,511 6,728 6,446
40 years and over.......... 1,560 2,158 2,036 1,758 1,448 1,748 J 1, 795
Not given............ . . . . . . 4,475 5,169 4,706 6,792 3,066 1,852 . 2, 433
Use of liquors-

I
Moderate... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,044 7,539 7,394 7,377 5,387 11 , 656 10, 726
Immoderate... . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,183 3,174 2,348 1,891 1,332 1,357 1,276
Not given.........,........ 7,093 10,725 10,883 9,892 8,840 4,357 6,394
Birthplace-
England and)Yales......... 1,961 1,872 1,482 952 780 1,177 1,329
Ireland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 472 327 260 180 285 193
Scotland. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 675 473 321 242 381 381
Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,619 9,162 9 , 172 7,428 7,097 9,322 10,157
Other British Possessions.. 87 151 132 57 95 152 90
United States..... . . . . . . . . . 1,216 1,015 980 916 845 947 990
Other foreign countries.. 0 . . . 2,674 3,516 3,741 2,697 2,228 3,161 2,780
Not given....... . . . . . . 0 . . . . 3,841 4,575 4,318 6,529 4,092 1,945 2,476

rIll HI .I.YA 11.1 S1'A T I STICS

691

3... -Ctas 'iDeation of l.l'r
on' Con\lct
d of Indlrtablt' Otrrlu'l.
. 1913-1919-
concluded.

Classcs.

Re1igion-

Baptist.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roman Catholic.... . . . . '. .
Church of England. ... . .

r{'thodist........... .
Presbyt<.'rian. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Protpstant. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
()tllcr (if,nomination:"!....
Xotgiven. ..

Ucsidence--

C'itit'S and towns.
Hural districts....
Xot ghren......... .. . _

1913.

1-l , om
1,406
2,S5J

:\0.

374
5,6
3
2,193
1,127
1,3RO
2, 304
1,240
4,Oô

15, ,=j.t-!
2,210
3.68-1

1914.

1915.

1916.

Ko.

No.
2
7
4,918
1,525
1. 107
flfìS
1,
121
1,22

7,2UU

1917.

No.

402
5,367
1,576
1,IRt3
1,031
1,21\ü
I,O.).!
3,ti.31

11 , 157
1,501
2,091

1918.

No.
3,
.3
6,
.39
1,910
1,3G

1,
H7
1,61'-0
1 , .306
2,227

14,19()
1,77!J
1,401

1919.

No.
3S3
6,896
2, IS!)
1 , 5"
J
1,432
I, 6
3
1,438
2,789

16,305
2,051
40

No.

3
3
6,3;)5
2.515
1,4
4
1, 4!1;)
2,.30

1,4
.3
5,37

37
J
6,245
2,20S
1,
'9
I, :3ôï
2,2!J-t
1,777
4.U(j(j

11 , 2U4
l,bOI
6,065

:t).-('Ulnh.tlftn
b) ('last',", of u.rl'rU'('. 191:
-1919.

C]as5
'S of OffC'nce.

Offences ß$!;ainst the pen.on.
Uffence8 l\Il:ain",t property
\\ ith '\ io]encc. . . ..... . .
OffencC8 a
ain::.t property
\\ithout violence......
Other feloni
and misde-
meanours. .

Totals for criminal offences.

Breach of Municipal Act::! and
By-Iu\\s....... . . . . .
Breach of liquor law::-. ......
Ðrunkenn(''::>i) .
Yagrancy. . ....
Loo",e, idle and disorderly.
heeping bawdy ho&e::. and
inmates thereof.........
lli:-cellaneo& minor offences..

Total. lor minor offence.. .1

(.rand total

1842j-441

1913.

Ko.

11.444

1,472

12,';21

1, i:?4

2i,361

34,183
5,909
60,975
12,240
/,239

4,357
20,814
145,777

1,:1 ,13

A.-
{j
IBERS.

1914.

r-;o.
12,136
l,hl0
14,645

1,952

30,M3

33,5;0
5,8;1
60,067
15,263
9,063

4,9:i5
23,723
152.4!Jl

11,:1 ,0:';')

14 , 6G2
2,4
4
3,529

1915.

r-;o.

10,664
2,234
14,269
1,525
28,692

31,312
5,452
41,161
11 ,461
6.435
5.464
23,078
124,363

1;,3,0.')5

1916.

o.

9,327

1,478
11,018
1,459
23.282

28,411
6,248
32,730
6,634
4,688
4.374
17,424

100,509

1'!:1, ì91

1917.

Xo.

6.852
1,321
9,bS6
1,271
19,330

32,7Ið
7,339
2;,882
4,406
2.264
4,443
15,629

94,681
IH,OIl

1918.

Ko.

7,292

2,049
10,743
1,390
-21,474

38,401
;,472
21,0.26
3,867
2,614
5,620
22,795

101,795

12.I,26!1

1919.

No.

7,730
2,606
11,508
1,656
23,500

39,593
7,38;

24,217
4,O!J7
2,496
5,567
23,166
106,519
{:CO ,019

692

ADMINISTRATION

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CHIJIIJ.VAL STATISTICS

tj!}3

))ecreasp of l)runkenness.-1'he n\lInher of summary con\.ic-
t ion
for dr\lnk('nnp

in r:luada ,va

-t-J217 in 1 n I H, ns cOluparc(! with
21,02ô in 191
, an incre

c of 3,191, or n('
\.rl'y 15 "1
p.c. rrable 36
:-\hù".
the nunlbcr of conyicti()n
by pr\)vince
for t he five years
In15 to In in, ,vith in('rp:l
l'
ant} d('("re:l
c:-\ for lUlU a::; cOlupare(1 ,vith
lUlb, froIll ".hich it ,,"ill he ...:een that ùrunkellllc::;s, at lC
8t a
llle:t::5ured
hy btati:,tic:-: fir Slllnnlary convictions, incrc:lsctl durinp: the year 1919
in ('\ ery proyil}(,p. Yukon 'r
rritory brillg an (''X(.('ption. FrOlll this t'lblc
it ,,-ill abo he oh:-\('r\'pd that the nUlllber of f'ollvictiJl1s for drunken-
1l('=:>::5 throughout tltp wholl' of Canada fell fr,Hll t1,lGl in 1015 to
2-1.21'7 in 1 H If), heing a d('('rea -.;p of 10, U-1-t or 41. 1 () p.e. during the
five ye:lr...:.
3b. - ('on\ictions for })rullbcnue'. for the .h.. )"t'ars 1915-1919.

I )r()\"in('{'
.

1915. 1916. HH7. I91R. 1919.
Xo. :\0. !\o. Ko. l\o.
231 219 207 96 116
3,4:Hì 3,614 2,546 2,4
.) 2,S79
1,694 1,696 1,516 704 1 , 3!)()
S,93Y 7, 108 8,025 6,6'0 7,116
12,5.')3 11,72
10.94,5 7 , 9:J
8,4f1)-'
1,lj4 3,114 1,0.....5 1,1

1,570
1,332 1 , (,6
7iO 4:
4 61h
2,M)
1,'\09 391
.). I,Oj;
1_.1
5,960 2,327 2,372 778 1,004
60 j:J .). 19 9
_a
-- -- --
11,1&1 32,;3Q ');..\i
2 21,0')6 6)1.21;

PrincC' Ed ward Island.

ova
('otia.... . . . .

C'w Brun!-wick...... . .
Quebec. "
Ontario.."" " "
}'Ianitoba... . . " . " . .

askatchewan..."." ..
Alberta... .. . .
British Columbia..
\ uk on Territory... . .
('anada ""..

.

3;. - POI)ulatfoll of J.cnal In
titUtiollS, 19J
-1919.

lm'r(':ls(':(+) or
. I )('crea!5(' (- )
HHH a
eomp:m'cl
\\ ith 191h.

Xumerical.
+ 20
+44-1
+646
+4:J6
+ 56()
+447
+lb4
+
32
+226
-10
+3,191

Pf'r ccnt.
+20'''3
+IS.2:J
+91.76
+ 6.53
-t
7 . 13
+ 39.80
+12.40
+28.12
+29.04
- 52" 63
+15.h

191K
Xumber of PrÎ..;oners
In custody
\dlJlittcù Discharged In cu::,tody
b('ginning during during I. end of
of year. year. year. year.
1,505
u3 8":- l,tH3
_.J
I,Um 1,721 1,715 1,195
309 257 255 311
2,004 29,485 29,437 2,052
5.0U7 32..t".!6 3'!,232 5.201
1919.
1,656 1,199 "'29 2,026
1,270 2,03
1,984 1,319
309 187 198 298
2,052 32,534 32,450 2,136

.2s7 a.J.9a:1 35,461 5,779

I'!'nal Institutions.

Penitentiari{'s. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rcformatorie
for bo
;s........ . . . . .. . . .
Heformatori('s for girls" .". . . . .
Jail
. " . . . . . . " . . .. . . . . . . . . . . - . . . .

Total
..."......"....

Penitt.ntiari{'::,. .... . . . " . . . . . . . " . . . . . _ . . .
Reformatories for boys......... . ". . . .. .
Reformatories for girb.. .. _ . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jails " " " " . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . " . . . . " . . . .

To t al s . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . .

694

ADJIINISTRATI01V

Penitentiaries.

The statistics of penitentiaries given in Tables 38-41, are compiled
froln the annual reports to the Minister of Justice of the Inspectors of
Penitentiaries. The report for the fiscal year 1919-20, in reference
to the parole system, states that the total number of paroles granted
during a t,venty-one ye::tr operation is 12,627. ...1\. total of 11,167
persons have conlpleted their probation on parole and occupy
positions in good citizenship to-day, and 716 prisoners are no,v report-
ing and have in prospect the completion of their probation on parole.
The total delinquency for non-compliance with conditions of license is
453, or 3.5 p.c., anrl for subsequent conviction 291, or 2.3 p.c.,
making a total df'linquency of 5.8 p.c.

38.-1Uovernent of Convicts, 1915-1920.

Schedule. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920
No. No. No. No. No. No.
In custody at beginning of fiscal year.. 2,003 2,064 2,118 1,694 1,468 1,689
Received-
By forfeiture of parole. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 12 11 11 10 4 9
Paroles revoked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 31 9 3 2
Recaptured. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 1 1 1 3
-
By transfer..... ................... . 18 24 10 19 15 150
From jails, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991 900 630 625 979 1 1,005
Totals......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,030 3,00-1 2,801 2,358 2,-172 2,855
lteleased by- 11 11 12
Death....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 12 45
Escape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 1 3 53
Expiry of sentence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 304 408 268 212 201
Order of the court.. . ............... 6 9 4 6 44 2 13
Pardon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 65 66 160 208
Parole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 42.3 526 455 252 275
Transfer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 24 9 17 16 163
Deportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 101 76 59 39 35
Sent to reformatory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 - - - -
Returned-insane................ ... - 8 - - . - -
Sent to hospitaL....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - - - - -
Returned to Provincial authorities.. - - 4 7 12 11
By military order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - 1
In custody at end of fiscal year...... . . 2,064 2,118 1,694 1,468 1,689 1,931

1 Includes 84 from military courts.
2 Includes 25 by military order.
S From asylums.

PE
ITEJ.\TIARIES

695

J!t.-",umht'r of J)t.'ath
, EsC3I)CS, l-artlons anti IJaroh's, 1915-19.
O.

Schedule. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Deaths. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 11 12 11 45 12
E:scnpes. . . . . . ................... .. . 2 1 3 1 3 5
}>ardons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4 65 66 160 208
l>arol('
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4V:; 423 526 455 252 275

10. -_\ltc of t;OInlds, 19"-1920.

.\ges. HH4. 1915. 1916. 1917 . 1918. 1919. 1920.
.

o. No. Xo. Ko. Ko. 1\0. 1'0.
L'nd('r 20
cars....... ... . . .. . lR6 187 212 141 115 228 335
From 20 to unùer 30 years....
mo fH7 941 714 616 718 775
From 30 to under 40. .. .. . . . . . 5:34 .3.1)3 :>63 473 4()'") 395 434
}'rom 40 to under 50....... . . .
43
40 253 241 205 218 251
From 50 to under 60. . . .. . . . . . 108 121 119 9H 91 97 100
ûv('r 60 y('arb. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 46 1 30 26 31 33 36
Tot als .............. 2,0'3 2,U61 ., II
1 b91 1.16'-. 1.689 1,931

. .

....- {'Jas'\ill('at ion of ("OInl('("" 19U-19"!O.

Cla
')C:i. 1914. 1915. .1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Ko. Xo. Xo. Ko. :\0. 1\0. No.
By Rac

Af rican. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 62 63 56- 64 52 57
é'auca
ian.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.ö67 1,929 1,970 1,553 1,333 1,5
5 1 t 820
Indian. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 20 19 20 21 13 24
Indian Half-breed....... . . . 16 14 19 21 15 12 8

longoli3n................. . 41 39 47 38 29 24 22
East Indian..... . . . . . . . . . . . - - - 6 1 3 -
Totals....... . . . . . . . . 2,003 2,U61 2,11
1,69-1 1,46'" 1,689 1,931
By Xationality-
Briti
h-
Australian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 7 - - - - -
Canadian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993 1,088 1,185 936 796 945 1,107
English... . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 221 195 169 126 103 103 93
lri::;h. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 59 43 41 31 38 29

cotch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 47 40 2
26 35 36
Other British.... . . . . . . . . 37 28 26 22 21 19 20
Foreign-
American lU.S.)......... 246 210 204 182 165 163 209
Austrian and Hungarian.. 97 126 148 104 80 113 108
Chinese. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 22 32 32 26 22 21

1 Includes one age unkno\\ n.

J Includc::) five not given (insane).

,

696

ADJfI.Vli3TRA. TI01Y

41.-CJassification of Con viets, 19U-19
'-;}oncluded.

-
Cla:sses. 1914. 1915. 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920.
Bv :i'J'ationalitv-con. No. No. No. No. No. No. No.
'Foreign-co
.
Frpnc h. . . . . . . . . . . ...... . 11 12 11 8 5 4 12
nC'rman. . . . . . . . .... ....... 32 29 23 17 15 15 18
Italian.... . . . ...... .. 102 95 68 61 61 66 81
Rus:-;ian...... . . .... ............ 51 53 86 74 73 83 93

candinavianl........... . 30 28 29 18 17 20 15
Other forC'Ìgn......... . . 40 65 54 49 45 63 89
Totals.... . .... .., 2,003 2,064 2,118 1,691 1,-168 2 1,689 1,931
By Conjugal
tat('- 1,306 1,356 1,358 1,028 892
Single. . 1,044 1,218

f arricd . . - -. . . . . 631 634 677 589 504 567 638
\\ïdowpd - 63 70 79 77 67 78 75
DivOITed. 3 4 4 - - - -
Totals. 2,903 2,16! 2,118 1,69! 1,468 2 1,689 1,931
By Se>.-
"Male.. . 1,977 2,033 2,081 1,659 ] ,433 1,649 1 t 917 3
Female. 26 31 37 35 35 40 14
Totals...... 2,803 2,064 2,118 1,69! 1,4.68 2 1,6
9 1,931
Bv
ocial Habits-
). h:-tainens. 310 35
376 299 2
ü 409 548
Tpm p<'fatp. . . . . . .. . 1,010 987 1,008 837 745 844 975
IntC'lllpf'Iate........ . .. . 677 717 734 558 432 436 408
--- --- --
Totals. . . ..... . 2,193 2,86!f 2,118 1,69,1 1,168 2 1,689 1,931
---
By Rdigion- 348 330
Anflican.. . . . 340 266 204 227 301
Baptist. . 97 112 101 78 91 98 111
BuddhiHt.... . . . .... .. 31 20 40 33 25 17 'i
Congreg,ationaIÜ
t . . . 4 9 7 not not not not
given. given. given. gIven.
Greek Catholic. . . . . 33 45 52 42 34 38 57
Je\Ùsh.. -. 12 17 26 23 20 28 38
Lutheran. . ............ .. 7
71 71 51 47 58 46
:\lethoQi
t . 21f, 218 205 169 146 168 187
rresbytcrian. . 216 228 222 155 134 153 193
HomanCatholic.
29
61 1,025 841 7I6 824 946
Salvati on Army..... -." 4 5 7 not not not not
gi ven. given. given. grven.
Other crec("ls. . . - . . 13 30 19 28 34 65 45

0 ('repd. . . . . . . . . 19 8 13 8 12 13 -
Totals..... - .. 2,803 2,86! 2,118 1,694 1,46S 2 1,689 1,931

1 Induding Danish, Korwegian, and S\\edish.
2 In('ludes five not given (insane).
3 Femalps in Kingston Penitentiary included, not given separately in report.
· Ineludes one not given (insane).

81' 17'/ S 1'/('8 OP ])[ 1 (J}l( 'E

OH7

12.- Sfatlsfh's of nhorc.'('s Granh'd in Canada. Is(;s-t9.!6.

,Crantf'd by th(' Dominion Parliamf'nt. Grantcfl by tlH' Courts.
. Total
\ C'fi r . I .:'\ ort h w('
t :\tani- ",,0 ,-a I .:'\l'W Briti
h for
, ()nt"lrio Qu('h('c Tl'rritoric
. toba. Sl'O t ia Brun:s- Colum- Canada.
wi('k. })ia.
lSÜS. - - - - 3 - - 3
1." tW.. . 1 1 - - 1 2 - 5
I"jO - - - - 2 1 - 3
IS7I . . - - - - :! 2 - 4
ISi2.. _ - - - - 1 3 - 4
lSi3...... 1 - - - 3 - - 4
IS7.. . - - - - - - - -
I
75.. . 1 - - - 4 - - 5
IS7ß. - - - - 1 2 - 3
ISi7. 3 - - - 5 1 H
ISiS.. . 2 1 - - 1 3 1 l'
1.'\7!). . . .. . 1 - - - 1 :! - -I
IS
O . . - - - - :J 2 - 5
I

I. - - - - 2 2 3 7
1

2 .., - - - - 4 1 1 6
1 :--.S3. .. . . . - - - - :J i 3 13
l

-t 1 - - - .. 3 2 10
IS
,:) ... .. 1 - - .. 3 - 12
I
S(ì,.. . 1 - - .. ;) 1 11
ISS'i . . 2 3 - - ] 3 1 10
IS8S. 2 1 - - 3 1 2 9
ISo"!}... 3 1 - - 3 6 2 15
1\\90... . 0) - - - 4 3 3 12
1,\;:!H 4 - - - 3 - 3 10
1 '-\92. 1 1 1 1 :J 5 3 15
IS!13 3 4 - 5 2 1 15
IMI-1 5 1 - - 1 - 2 9
ISU5 3 - - - 5 5 - 13
1 "9f) - - - - () 1 3 10
IS97 1 - - - 2 - 3 ß
I
H"'... . 2 1 - - 2 5 (j 16
IS99.. . 2 ] 1 - 5 3 2 14
1900. 2 1 1 1 1 1 .. 11
IHOI ., . 2 - - - 10 - 7 19
PJ(1:?, 2 - - - 9 1 3 15
I!J03. 2 1 1 1 X -I 4 21
1904. 5 1 - - (j 2 5 19
1905... . 2 3 2 2 ß 2 1
35
Alb(>rt.ba
k .
19r6, 10 3 1 - - 5 1 17 37
HIOi. 3 1 - - 1 Sl '3 9 ".
..a
1
()S. R - - - - 5 5 12 30
1 !Jon. . . . s .( 1 1 2 8 1 :) 22 51
I
HO. . 14 2 - 1 3 13 1 6 12 51
1911. 1:J -I 2 - 3 10 1 6 19 57
1912. 9 3 2 1 1 .. 4 2 11 35
1913. 20 4 4 1 6 - 4 20 59
1914. 18 7 4 2 2 10 12 15 70
HH5.... 10 3 3 1 1 13 6 16 53
191ft 18 1 1 2 2 14 11 18 67
1917. '" 10 4 2 1 - 8 6 23 54
1915... . 10 2 2 1 - - 10 65 90
1919... . 49 4 36 J 3 8ö 36 13 147 376
1920. ... . _ !H 9 65
26" 42 t 45 15 136 429

CYfEs.-In Prim'c Edwarù Island only one divorce has be('n granted since 1868 to
1920' thi
\\ a!' grantpd in 1913. In British Columbia, in addition to the divorc('s, 13 judicial

'pa
tions have bp(''.1 granted; onc in 1892, onc in 1893, .0!1 c in 1899, 'two in .1900,
wo in 1903,
thr('c in 1913, three lß 1914. In cons('qupnre of a d('('blOn of th(. Imperial Pnvy Council
divorc('s in
lanitoLa, Saskat('hewan and Albprta have subs(.quently to 1918 been grantcd
by t}w Courts of thes(' provin('('
. Ilndud('s one judicial sf'paration. 21ncludes one not
f.ff('ctin' till court co
t
are paid. 30m' by Parliam('nt. .. Grant('d by Courts.

698

ADMIJ.VISTRATION

List of the Principal Acts of Parliament administered by Departments of
the Government of the Dominion of Canada, as compiled from informa-
tion supplied by the respective Departments.
(Numbers within parentheses denote the chapter of the Revised Statutes of Canada. 1906-R.S.C. 1906.)

Justice.-Department of Justice (21); Solicitor General's (22); Northwest
Territories (62); Yukon (63); Dominion Police (92); Judges (138); Suprenle Court
(139); Exchequer Court (140); Admiralty (141); Petition of Right (142); Criminal
Code (146); Penitentiary (147); Prisons and Reformatories (148); Identification of
Criminals (149); Ticket of leave (150); Fugitive Offenders' (154); Extradition (155);
Juvenile Delinquents (7-8 Edw. VII, c. 40, 1908.)
External Affairs.- The functions and duties of this Department are defined by
the Department of External Affairs Act, 1912 (2 GfO. V, c. 22) and by the Inter-
national Boundary 'Vaters Treaty Act (1-2 Geo. V, 1911, c. 28), as amended by
the statute of April 3, 1914 (4 Geo. V, c. 5).
Customs and Inland Revenue.-Customs Tariff; Customs; Canada Ship-
ping (in part); Infectious and Contagious DiseasEs affecting Animals (in part);
Destructive Insect and Pest (in part); Export; Copyright (in part); Petroleum and
Naphtha; Inland Revenue; Special War Revenue, 1915.
Post Office.- Post Office; Government Annuities; Pacific Cable; Parcel Post;
Special "Tar Revenue (in part).
Agriculture.-Experimental Farm Stations; InspErtion and Sale, Part IX
(Fruit and Fruit l\Iarks); Dairy Industry; Cold Storage; Cold Storage Warehouse;
Oleomargarine; l\lilk Test; Seed Control; Feeding Stuffs; Live Stock Pedigree;
Live Stock and Live Stock Products; Animal Contagious Diseases; l\feat and
Canned Foods; Destructive Insect and Pest; Agricultural Instruction.
Interior.-Department of the Interior; Dominion Lands; Dominion Lands
Surveys; Forest Reserves and Parks; Irrigation; Railway Belt; Railway Belt,
'Vater; Yukon; Yukon Placer 1\lining; Dominion Water Power; Land; Titles;
Northwest Game; Northwest TerritoriEs; Ordnance and Admiralty Lands; Re-
clamation; Seed Grain.
Health.-Quarantine Act (74); Adulteration Act (133); Public Works Health
Act (135); Leprosy Act (136); Canada Shipping Act (in part) (113); Proprietary
or Patent Medicines Act (7-8 Edw. VII, c. 56).
Finance.- Department of Finance and Treasury Board; Appropriation; Civil
Service; Superannuation and Retirement; ContingenciEs; Consolidated Revenue
and Audit; Currency; Ottawa l\Iint; Dominion Notes; Provincial Subsidies; Bank;
Savings Bank; Penny Bank; Quebec Savings Banks; Loan Companies; Trust
Companies; Bills of Exchange; Interest; The Special 'Val' Revenue Act, 1915,
and amendments, 1920 (in part); The Business Profits War Tax Act, 1916, and
amendments; Income Tax Act, 1917 and 1918 and amendments; Finance Act;
Ottawa Improvement Commission Act.
Militia and Defence.-l\Iilitia Act; Royal Military College Act; Militia
Pensions Act; Sections 85 and 86 of the Criminal Code; The l\lilitary Voters Act;
The Air Board Act; Army Act; RegimEntal Debts' Act.
Public Works of Canada.-Public Works (39) and amendments (8-9 Geo.
V, 1918, c. 37); Government Harbours and Piers, s. 5 (112); Navigable ,,-raters
Protection, s. 7 (115) and amendments (8-9 Geo. V, 1918, c. 33); Telegraph Secrecy
(126); Dry Dock Subsidies (9-10 Edw. YII, 1910, c. 17); An Act to anlend the
Navigable 'Vaters Protection Act (9-10 Edw. VII, 1910, c. 44); An Act to authorize
the payment of a subsidy to the Collingwood Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., (2 Gco. V,
1912, c. 17); An Act to amend the Dry Dock Subsidies Act, 1910 (2 Gco. V, 1912,
c. 20); An Act to amend the Government Works Toll Act, R.S.C., 1906, c. 40, (2 Gco.
V, 1912, c. 26); An Act to incorporate the National Gallery of Canada (3-4 Geo.
V, 1913, c. 33); An Act to authorize the payment of a subsidy to the Western Dry
Dock and Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., (3-4 Geo. V, 1913, c. 57); Acts to alnend the Dry
Dock Subsidies Act, 1910 (4-5 Geo. V, UH4, c. 29,7-8 Gco. V, 1917, c. 27 and 9-10
Geo. V, 1919, c. 51); Act to confirm an agreement between His l\'lajesty the IGng
and the Corporation of the City of Ottawa, (10-11 Geo. V, chap. 15).

11.
T OF n0l1IS/01V tr7'S OF P.tHLIA...1lE...VT

mm

rrade and COmml'Tcc.- Canada. Grain; Culh.rs; EI('ctricity and Fluid
E)",portation; EIt,(.tric Light In
p(.(.tiun; Eketri(,:ll l;nit
; Ft.'ltilizpn;; Gold and
Hilvt'r )larh.ing; Gas Ill
pection; Inspection and
:ll('; lllsp('ction of 'Vater l\l('tprs;
Lead Bountip::-;; Pt.trol('UI11 Bounty; Stati:::;tics; Timber tlarkillg; "eights llnd

Ie[U)ures hLSIJcction; Zinc Bounties.
Labour.-COIH'iliation and Labour (U6); Industrial Di:-,put('s Inv('Rtip;ation
(6-7 Edw. YII, 1!)07, c. 20); 1.'air "
ap;cs R('
olution of thc House of Commons;
\Vhite Pho:-phurm; :\Iatchps (4-5 Geo. , , c. 12); EmploynH'nt Officps Co-ordination
Act (8-U Geo. 5, c. 21); The Technical Education .\.ct (9-10 Geo. Y, c. 73).
Secretary of State.-Compani(':::,; Xaturalization; Canada Temper3.lH'(';
Roard;3 of Trade; Trade "Gnions; 'Var Charities; UH7; Bankruptcy.
Kaval Senice.-Kaval S .rvicc (9-10 Edw. VII, uno, c. 13);
aval Discip-
linp (8-9 Gt'o. V, c. 3-n.
Railways and Canals.-Dppartnwnt of Railway
awl Canals (35); Govern-
nH'nt H.ailw:l) s (36); Int{'rcolonial and P.E.I. Hail way Emplo) ces' Providpnt Fund
(6-7 Ed\\. YII, c. 22); The Government Railways Small Claims (9-10 Ed",. VII, c.
:!6) and their amendments; Acts to amend the
ational Transcontinental Railway
\ct (4-5 G('o. V, c. 43 and 5 Geo. V, c. 18) anù to aUH'lld the Govprmll('nt Railway

\ct and authorizp thp purclm.
(' of c('rtain Railways (5 Geo. V, c. 16); An .Act to
inrorporatf' Canadian National H.a.ilway Company and rpspecting Canadian National
Railways (9-10 Geo. V, c. 13);
\n Act to provide COID}wn"ation wlwr(' cmployee's of
Hi;') ::\Iajpsty are killt.d or RufTpr injuries whilt' p('rformill
thpir duties (8-9 Geo. V, c.
15 and amendin
_\ct 9-10 Gpo. V, c. 14); the Canada Hi
hways \ct (9-10 Gf>o. V,
c. 54); tlw acqui
ition of thp prpfprt'nc(' anù common stork of the Grand Trunk
Railway Company of Canada (10-11 Geo. V, ('hap. 13).
The H.aih\ay
\ct, UHO, (Companil':::') (9-10 Geo. V, C'. 6
) confprs certain
pow('rs upon thl' )Iilli
ter of the DepartnH.nt. In the Ca8e of suL:,iùized Raih\ays
the authorizinh Acts are carried out under the DC'partment, which has also cprtain
juri:::dictioll \\ hpre Govl'rnnwut guarantee haf' be('n given. "Cnùer the authority
of two ürdprs in Council dated respectivdy ::\Iarch 7 and 8, lU19 (9-10 Geo. V,
191
, c.
2), the ::\Iinister of Rail\\ays and Canals is charg('d \\ith the operation
and management, as Receiver, of the Grand Trunk Paeific Hailway Systpm.
'Iarine.-Departmcnt of 1tarinc and Fishe'ries; Govprnm
nt Vessels Disci-
plinl'; Goycrnment Harbours and Pi('rs; Canada t-:hipping and ampnding Acts (6-7
Gpo. V, ec. 12 and 13); N avigable 'Vaters Protection; Qu('bec Harbour and River
Police; Live
tock Shipping; An .Act to ampnd the Vancouver Harbour Commis-
sioners' Act (6-7 Georgp V, c. 9); An _\ct transfprring Rights and Pow('rs in Harbour
of St. John, K .B., to a Board I)f three Commissioners approved by Ord('r in Council;
The Yancouver Harbour _\dvances Act, 1919; An Act fixing the rate of int('rpst to
be paid 011 loans by His l\Iajcsty to the Harbour Commissioners of 1Iontreal and
Quebec; An Act to amend the Canada Shipping Aet (TransfC'rs and l\Iortgagcs of
Ships), pa
ed durinJ:!: ses
ion of 1919-20; Canada Shipping Acts (10-11 Geo. V,
cc. 5, G, 23, 38 and 70) relating respectively to cprtificates of service, steamboat
inspection, pilotage, sick and diseased mariners and shipbuilding.
Indian Affairs.-The Indian .Act, 1903, ",ith amendments to date.
King's Printer and Controller of Stationery.-Public Printing and Station-
ery (SO).
l\lines.-Grology and ::\Iincs (6-7 Edw. YII, 1907, c. 29); Explosives (4-5
Geo. V, 1914, c. 31).

List of Principal Publications of the Departments of the Government of the
Dominion of Canada, as compiled from information supplied by the
respective Departmen ts.
Customs and Inland Revenue.-Annual Report containing Tables of
Imports, Export:', Customs and Inland Revenue. Annual Report of Shipping.
Post Office.-Annual Report of the Postmaster General. Official Postal Guide.
Regulations as to parcpl post, rural mail delivery and government annuiti{'s.

700

ADJII
VISTRATI01V

Agriculture.- The Agricultural Gazette of Canada, subscription, $1 per year
(monthly). Annual Reports of the 1\linister, of the Experimental Farms and
Stations, of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, of the V f'terinary Director
General and of the Entomological Branch. Bulletins, pamphlets, circulars and
Seasonable Hints of thf' Experimental Farms Branch on a great variety of agricul-
tural subjects, including publications of the following nine divisions: Field Hus-
bandry; Animal Husbandry; Horticulture; Cereal; Chemistry; Foragf' Plants;
Botany; Poultry and Tobacco. Guides to the Experimental Farms and Stations.
Bullf'tins on the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch relating to the history of the dairy-
ing and cold storage industry in Canada; the making of butter and cheese, cow-
testing, dairying cxppriruents; co-operation; {tc. Reports, bulletins, pamph-
lets, etc., of the Live Stock Branch, on cattle, shccp, swine, poultry, marketing of
f'ggs, wool, etc. Bull{>tins of the Health of Aninlals Branch, with regulations as to
contagious abortion; rabies; sheep scab; actinomycosis; anthrax; glandf'rs; hog
cholera; maladie du coit; tuberculosis; foot-and-mouth discase; quarantine and meat
inspection. Bullctins and Reports of the S::'cd Branch as to Seed-testing, the pro-
duction and us
' of
e('d grains and the Seld Control Act. Bulletins and Circulars
of the Entomological Branch and instructions to importers of nursery stock. Re-
ports of the Canadian H2ld Growers' ASf:oci:Jtion. Fodder and Pasture Plants, by
George H. Clark, B.S.A., and 1\1. Oscar l\lalte, Ph.D., 143 pages, 27 platEs, price
50 cents. Bulletin on the Maple Sugar Industry; j.gricultural Instruction Act;
Publi{>ations Filing Sysh m.
N OTE.- The foregoing is a s!.lection from the publications of the Dcpartrnent.
.A compl:>te list of publications availablE' for distribution is issued, and so long as
the supply lasts copies of publications wiI] be scnt free on application to the Publica-
tions Branch, Departn1ent of Agriculture, Ottawa.
Interior.-Annt:al R?port, including Reports from the Dominion Lands,
8arveys, Dominion Parks, Forestry, Irrigation and 'Vater PowEr Branches. Pamph-
lets, reports, bulletins, etc., of the respective branches:-
Topographical Surveys: (1) Annual Report of the Topographical 8urveys
Branch, and accompanying maps. Price 5c.. (2) Manual of Instructions
for the Survey of Dominion Lands. Price 50c. Supplenlent to the l\lanual. Price
50c. (3) Rules and Regulations of the Board of Examiners for Dominion Land
SurvE'yors, and prograInm.e of the subjects of the various examinations. (4) The
Selkirk Range (in two volumes), by A. O. "-HEELER, F.R.G.S. Price $1. (5) Copy-
ing Camera of the Surveyor General's Office. (6) Photographic l\lethods Employed
by the Canadian Topographical Survey, by A. O. "
HEELER, F.R.G.S. (7) Precise

leasuring with Invar "ïre
and the l\leasurernent of the l{ootenay Base, by
P. A. CARSON, D.L.S. (8) Report on LevelJing Operations, frOln 1908 to 1914,
by J. N. 'YALLACE, D.L.S. Price 35c. (9) Triangulation of Part of the Railway
Belt of British Colunlbia, by H. PARRY, D.L.S. (10) Description, Adjustments
and l\lethods of Use of the 6" ]\iicrometer Block Survey Reiterating Transit Theod-
olite, by W. H. HERBERT, B.Sc. (11) Papers on Descriptions for Deeds. (12)
Description of the townships surveyed in the different Provin.ces, i::-;sued yearly
since 1909. (13) Description of the surveyed townships in the Peace River District.
(14) Descriptions of lands comprised within the Fort Pitt Sectional ]\lap, consisting
of townships 4.9 to .56, ranges 15 to 28, west of the third nleridian. (15) Description
of Surveyed Lands in the Raihvay Belt of British Colulnbia (in three parts).
(16) Extracts from Reports on towm;}lips east of the principal meridian, received
from surveyors to July 1, 1914. (17) Extracts from Reports on townships 1 to
16 west of the principal meridian, received frOln surveyors to July 1, 1914.
(18) Extracts frOln Reports on townships 17 to 32 west of the principalrneridian,
received from surveyors to July 1, 1914. (19) Extracts from Reports on townships
33 to 88 west of the principal nleridian, received fronl surveyors to l\larch 31, 1915.
(20) Extracts fronl rE'ports on townships 1 to 16 we
t of the second rl1eridian,
received from surveyors to l\tlarch 31, 1915. (21) Explanation of the Astronomical
Field Tables for the use of the Land SurvE'yors of Carmda. (22) Tests of sman
telescopes at the Laboratory of the Dom.inion Lands Survey. (23) Alberta and
British Columbia Boundary, Part 1, 1913 to 1916. Prince 50c. Report and Atlas,
$1. (24) Description of, and Guide to Jasper Park, 50 cents. (25) The Testing

DV\l/YIVAY (,.Ù
.ERSJIE.YT PCBLlr IT/V\S

j01

of ..\neroid Barol11('IPI':-; at tit(" Lahoratory of till' Dominion Lands bunpp\'. (
l)) Tp:--t-
in
of tilllepiecps at the Lahoratory of the Dominion Lands
urvey. -(Puhli(.atiol1s
of t he Topo
raphi('aJ t)urn'y
Braneh ma
be obtaincd on :tppli('ation to the Distri-
bution Of!iee, Departml'nt of Puhlil' PrintiIl
and
tatiOlwry, for
o. 1; to ll)('

ccrpt:U"y, Board of Examiners for Dominion I.-and
urvpyor
, for No.3; to the

w('retary, Upparlmpnt of I nt erior, for Xo. 4; and to the Survpyor Gpl1l'ral for
the other
us.)
Dominion Obscn'afory: Oh:-;prvalions of Dominion Oh:-:prvatory, \"01. 4: No.
14, Orbit of the
I)('ctro
ropic Binary Bo:-;
;
")11, by \Y E. IL'\.RI'ER,
I.A.;

o. 15, Orbit of tll(' Spl'l'lroscopic Binary HJ Lyncis t hy ".. F. II ARPER;
XO. 16, Orbit of the
pp(.tro:-;('opic Binary h Draconi:-:, by \\-. E. HARrER; Xo. 17,

Iea
urcs of the Hadial \"('loeitips of Fourtepn Htar
, hy' .J. B. CANXON,
I.A.;
o.
18, The Xl'W
t:Lr in tlU' ('on:-:t('llation \quiJa, hy \\. E. II."RPt:n; Xo. lU, Gemino.
rum, A LonJ!: Peried Binary, hy \Y. E. II.-\RPFR; !\o. :!O,
1(,:I":Ìurl's of Radial Velocity
of 23 rom:1' B('f('nict's, Serp('nt('s and
('rpcnt(':-;, by \\
. E. II ;\RI'FR;
o.
], :\I('a:-;ur('

of Radial Y('lol'ity of Ca."siopt'ia', Per:-ei, ü
) Tauri and CYJ!,ni, hy \\
. E. HARPFU:
Xo. 22, Radial YpI()('iti('
of :m Stars, hy \\
. E. Ibm'EH. Yo}. ;>, Xo. 1. A Spt'drc-
graphic Study of Early CJa
s B
tar
t hy}' IIExRoTLAu, Ph. n., and J. P Ih:
Dl.U-
80!\,
1. A\. G
ec nbo HH9 Y C'ar Booh., pp. Ü:m-U:H.)
Hccwma/ion.- Irri
ation Report.... of Irri
ati( n :-;un'('y
and Iw.pe('tic,n
,
1913, HH;)-16 t HUG-17. HH7-1
, 191
-ln, l
n!)-20. Annual
tn'UIll :\Ica:--\lremcnt

Rl'})orts, 1909 to HH9. Report of the ".p:--h'rn Cam:da IrriJ!atioJl \:-;:-:o('iation
Con\"ention
(1
t to 11th Convention); lù'port of the Inh'rna.tional Irrigation
('ongrp:-:
, HH-l. BulIetin:-;: (1) IrriJ!at ion in Sa:-:kat ('h( wan :H
d \Hwrt:l; (:!) \lfalfa
Culture; (3) Climatic and Soil Condition
in C. P. H.y. Co's Irrigation Block;
(4) Duty of "ateI' ExppriI1lC'nt
nnd Farm ])('J}lon:-;tration \\ ork; (!)) Farm 'Yater

uppl
'. Pamphlets: ..:\ddr
s by 1\11'.
. (;. POHTFU on "Pract ira1 OJ>l'ration of
lrrigat ion \Y ork:-:." Addrl':-;
('s by Dr. HrTBEHFOIW on hI nt('r-d('p('ndplu'e of FaTln
and City." #\ddrt.'

s by
lr. Dos II. BARK on "The \ctual Pruhl('m that ronfronts
the Irrigator," "Practical Irri ration I1int:-; for ..\lh('rta," and ".\lfa1fa Growing."
Dominion 1J T afer Pou.ers: \nnual Report
for 1912-13 to IHl
19. The Annual
Report:-; of the Brau('h prcvio\l
to 1913 arp ineh:d( d in the ..\nnual H('port of tl)('
Department. \Yatpr Re
ouf('
PappI's: (1) Report of the Huilway Belt Hydro-
metric Survey for 1911-\2, by P. ..\. CAH
O:-'; (2) R("port of B0w Rivpr Powpr
and StoraJ,?;e Invp:-;tiJ,?;ations, by ,I. C. IIE:\DRY; (3) H('port on Pow('r and Storag."
Inve
tibations, \\ïnnipl'g H.ivpr t by J. T. JOII
STOX; (4, 1U. 22, 24 find 26) A-\nnual
Reports of the :\Ianitoba HydrOluetric
urv('y for IH12 to l
nn, hy 1\1. C.
HEXDRY (to 191b), and by C. II. ATTWOOD, (HHn); (5 and 11) Preliminary
and final UC'port on the Pa
quia Rec1amat ion Proj('('t, by T. H. Dr
x; (6) R('port
on Co::,t on \"arious
ourCl"S of Power for Pumping in C'onnel'fion \\ith f'outh Saskat-
rhewan \\?atl'r Supply Divl'r:-;ion Project, by H. E.
l. J
FXSiT; (7) Report on the

Ianitoba \\'"atpr Powpr
, by D. L.
lcLEA
,
. s. SCOVIL and .T. T. JOHXSTOX;
(8, 14, 18, 21, 23 and 2'>) ..-\.nnual Hpports of the British Columhia Hydrometric
Survey, for 1913 to 1919, by R. G. SWAN; (9) Rpport of Red Rivpr Xavigation
Surveys, by S. S. ;"'\('OVIL; (10) Gpnl'ral Guide for Compilation of "
ater Power
Report
of Dominion "
ater Powpr Branch, prl'parcd by J. T. JOHXSTON; (12) R('port
on
man \Yater Power:, in \\Te:-;tern Canada and Di:-;cu
:-;ions of Sources of Power foI'
the Farro t hy _\.
I. BEALE; (13) Report on thp Coquitlam-Bountzpn Hydro-
Electric Development, hy G. R. G. COXWAY; (15) Report of the 'Vater Po\\ers of
Alberta and f'a
kat('hpwan, by C. H. ATTWOOD, (IG' Heport of the 'Yatl'r Powers
of Canada. A\
eri('
of five pamphlets prepared for distribution at the Panama-
Pacific E:\po
itiont \9V>, by G. R. G. COXWAY, P. H. :\hTCHELL, H. G. ACHEf',
F. T. I
AELls and K. H. S
nTII; (17) Canadian Hydraulic Po\\er Development
and Eh ctric POWtr Ül Canadian Industry, hy C. H. 1hTCHELL; (
O) Report on
the interests dl'pendent on 'Yinniprg River Power, with sperial reference to the
capital invp
tcd and the lahour employed, hy H. E. ::\1. I
E
FoIT; (27) Directory
of Central Electric Stations in Canada, to Jan. 1, 1919, by J. T. JOHKSTON.
1\'" a/ural Resources IrdtlUgence.-
laps: Korthern Alberta,
outheTn Alb('rta,
Sa8katch(wan ard l\lanitoba Lm:d l\Iaps; Cereal l\lap of l\13nitoba, f-\a
katchn\an
81ld
\lberta ; Britif'h Columbia Dcminion Railway Bdt Homesfezd
lap;
ectional

heet
of Dc minon Railway Belt in British Columhia;
'man I.and
lap of l\lanitoba,

702

ADJII4VISTRATIO

Saskatchewan and Albprta; Elevator l\lap of l\Ianitoba, SaRkatchewan and Alberta;
Bank l\lap of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta; Bank l\lap of Ontario and
Quebec; Land Registration and Judicial DiRtricts l\lap of l\lanitoba, Sa
kat('hewan
and Alberta; Small Map of the Dominion; Blue Print 1\'lap
of 1Vlanitoba, Saskat-
chewan and Alberta showing Uncultivated Lands; ReRource l\Iaps of Canada.
Reports: The UnexploiÜ:d 'Vest; Preparing I.-and for Grain Crops on the Prairies;
Handbook for the Information of Intending Settlers; The AthabaRka Country-
a Compilation regarding the Resources and Possibilities of the Athabaska River
Basin; The Peace River District-Its Resources and Opportunities; The New
l\lanitoba District
a Description of the Resources and Development of the New
l\Iining District of Korthern l\'lanitoba; Athabaska to the Bay; The Province of
Saskatchewan-a Description of the Resources, Development and Possibilities of
the Province; l\'lanitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta Natural Resources-a Compila-
tion Bf'aring on the Natural Resources of the Three Provinces; The Province of
New Brunswick-Its Natural Re80urces Developed and Undeveloped; The
Resources of Nova Scotia-a Compilation for the Information of Settlers and Invest-
ors; The Province of Quebec-Its Natural Resources Developed and Undeveloped;
Supplement to Cereal Maps; Facts Regarding the Dominion; Lists of Unoccupied
and Uncultivated Lands in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick and Prince Edward Island; Oil and Gas in Western Canada; Central
British Columbia; Report on Northern Saskatchewan.
Mining Lands and Yukon.-The Yukon Territory, its History and Resources;
A two sheet map of Alberta, showing the coal mining rights dif'posed of ; Yukon
Placer l\1ining Act; Yukon Act; Yukon Land Regulations; Yukon HOlnestead
Regulations; Yukon Tinlber Regulations; Yukon Grazing and Hay Regulations;
Quartz l\lining Repulations; Coall\lining Regulations; Placer l\lining Regulations:
Quarrying Regulations, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulations; Potash Regula-
tions; Dredging Regulations relating to the Yukon Territory; Dredging Regulations
relating to beds of rivers outside of the Yukon Territory; Regulations relating to
bar-digging on the North Saskatchewan River.
Dominion Parks.-.A 8prig of 1Vlountain Heather; Glaciers of the Rockies and
Selkirks; Classified Guide to Fish and their Habitat in the Rocky l\lountains Park;
The Nakimu Caves; Guide to the Geology of the Canadian National Park on the
C.P.R. between Calgary and Revelstoke; Handbook to the Rocky l\10untains
Park Museum; Hints to Househol
lers re Fire Protection; Livery Tariff for
Rocky l\lountains Park; Livery Tariff for Yoho Valley; Map of Rocky l\loun-
tains Park; l\'lap of Y oho Park; 1Vlap of Glacier Park; Map of Revelstoke Park;
Map of Buffalo Park; l\Iap of Banff and Vicinity; Lake Louise Sheet; :\Iap 3 of
Jasper Townsite.
Forestry.-Annual Reports of the Director of Forestry, 1914 to 1919, inclusive.
Bulletins (where number and title are on1Ïtted, the docunlent is out of print): (1)
Tree Planting on the Prairies; (11) Forest Products of Canada, 1909; Lunlber,
Square Timber, Lath and Shingles; (14) Cross-ties purchased; (16) Forest Fires
and Railways; Forest Products of Canada, 1910; (22) Cross-ties; (23) Timber
used in l\lining Operations; (27) Forest Products of Canada, 1910; Cooperage;
(32) Thf' Turtle l\'lountain Forest Reserve; (33) Forest Conditions in the Rocky
l\lountains Forest Reserve; Forest Products of Can
da, 1911; (34) Lumber, Square
Timber, Lath and Shingles; (35) Poles and Cross-tics; (36) Wocd-using Industries
of Ontario; Forest Products of Canada, 1912; (38) Pulpwocd; (39) Poles and
Ties; (44) "
ood-using Industries of the l\1aritime Provinees; Forest Products of
Canada, 1913; (46) Pulpwood Consumption; (48) Lumber, Lath and Shingles;
(49) Treated 'Vood-block Paving; (51) Game Presprvation in the Rocky
Iountajns
Forest Rf'serve, (52) Forest Products of Canada, 1913 (being Nos. 46, 47 and 48);
(53) Timber Conditions in the Smoky River VaHey and Grand-Prairie Country;
Forest Products of Canada, 1914; (54) Pulpwocd; (57) Forest Products of Canada,
1914 (being 54, 55 and .c)6);
'orest Products of Canada, 1915; (58a) Lumber,
Lath and Shingles; (58b) Pulpwood; (58c) Poles and Cross-ties; (58) Forest Products
of Canada, 1915 (being Nos. 58a, 58b, 5Sc.); (59) Canadian "roods for
tructural
Tinlbers; (60) Canadian Douglas Fir: its mephanical and physical properties;
(61) Native Trees of Canada (Price 50 cents); .Forest Products of Canada, 1916;
62b) Pulpwood; 2c) PoieH and Cros
-ties; (62d) Directory of Saw-mills in Canada;

[)() 1[1 ^ IO.V {,Vo ,rEUS J{ 1
'S7' 1'(1 IU IC
\ 1'10 YS

70:

({):
) 'Y()('(l-u
ing Industrit'
of Quph('('; (tì.t) Forp"t I"irp
in Canada, 1914-1.>-lß;
(G5) For(':-;t l'rcdu<'ts of Canada. l
)lï; Pole
find Cro:-;s-ties; (üt)) Ctili.latioll of
'Ya
tf' Sulphite Liquor (PrirC' ;'0 (,Cllt
); (ôï) Creo;o:ot(' Treatmf'ut of J:H.k Pine
nnd Ea:--tl'rn If Pill lock for Cro
:-:-tjl'
; (ßS) Forc
t Fin's in Canada, 1917; (m)) Care
of thp 'Yood Lot; (70) F()rt'
t Fin'
in Canad'" HH8. Circulars: (5) PI:lJmin
:1
Trp(' Plnmation for a Prairie HOIll(':-,tead; \6) Pre:--ervativeTreatmcnt ()fFenc{'-post
;
(S) The l;ore
t Produ('ts Lahoratorj('
; (
) Chpmi('al !\1<'t hOtb for 'Ctilizing 'rood
\Ya:--fcs.
Imlni
ration and Colonization.-Atbs of Canad:l, enitcd Kjn
dom and
Unit('d StatC's C'ditions. Ea
t('rn t 'anada, rnih'd KingùOlll editioll. Canada
'" p..:t, rnit('d J
iJlJ!:dOln and rnited
tat(,R edit ions. rrumi
r:ltion Facts and
ri
lr{'R. Rpport of the Chief In!'ppctor of Briti=,h Inunigr:mt chiJdr('n. Immi-
gration
('t rrnd R('gulation:,. 'Yall
lap of Canarl:1, Cnitcd hingdom and L'nited
t;tat{'s editiolli3. Canada Allnuul. .
Finance.-.\nnual H('p()rt
of t}w Public AC(,01mt
of the J}ominion of Canada
:\lont hly
t:ltements of till" Clw.rtered nallk
of Canada. E:-õt imatcs.
Illsurance.--{luarterly
tatClnent of Li
t of Lic('n!'ed Companips. \nnual
.\h:-tr:H't of Rtatcments of IIl....urancf' Comp:1nie
in Canada (I"llOjf'ct to eorrection).
.\nnual Hc]>orts of the Insurancc J)pparhlH'nt, \ 01. I (Firf' ami :\fi:-:('pllaneous),
Yo1. II (Lifp Companies). .\1\nual List of Sccuritit.s hcld by Insurance CompaniC'

in Canarla with DppartnH'nt'H Yaluation tl1('r('of.

1i1itia and Defence.- \nnual R
Ilort.
Clui-Annual \Iilitia Lic;:t. l\Iilitia
Onlpr:o:. (;.pllPral Onkrs.
Trade and Commerce.- \nnual Heport. \nnual }tpport Tt \lail Huh:-;idies
and f'tealll
hiI> Subypnt ions. .Annual R('port of Board of Grain CommiR
iOJlC'rs for
Canada. Rul
and Uegulations Inade hy Bmnrl of Grain COl1lIni:.-sioJl('r=,. (Annual)
List of Lit'('n
('d EIe\"ator
, ('tc. (Annual) Grain Inspcction in ranada, (HH4).
'Yeekly Bulldin containiuJ! Heports of Trade Commi=,sioJler:;; find ot her Com-
mer('ial Infom1ation. Canada and t})(' nriti
h ',"cst Indi('
(HH;)). IIandhook
for Export to South \nH'ri('a (HH3). Tradp with China :111<1 .Japan (1914). E:\.l)ort
Dirf'ctory of Canada (HH5). H.u
ian Tradp (HHG). The (;('rman "ar and its
rplation to Canadian Tr:Hh" (HH4). Toy-rnaking in Can:ula OHIH). T}w Timher
Import Trade of Australia (191ï). Trial
hipm{'nts of 'Vhcat from Yanf'ouver
via t h(' Panama Canal to t hc rnitcd KinJ!:dom.
Publirations of the Dominion Bureau of Sfatistirs.-Annual Rpport of the
Trade of Canada.
Ionthly Ht"'port of the Trade of Canada. The Canada YeaI'
Book. :\Ionthiv BulJdin of .Agricultural
tati
tic
. Bullptins of thp }ifth Cpn
us
of Canada, 19Ì1, Kos. I-XIX. Rpport of the Fift h Census of Canada, 1911:
YoJ. 1, 1912.
\rf'a5 and Population by Proyince
, Di
trids and
nh-dj
trict
. (Out
of Print.) '
ol. II, 1913, Re1iJ!ion
, Ori
in
, Birthplace, Citizenship, etc. Yol. III,
1913, !\[anufadurc=, for Hno. Yo1. lY,
\griculturp. (Out of Print.) Yol. Y,
Forest, Fishery, Fur and :\Iineral Production. Y 01. YI , Occupation
of the Pcople.
(Out of Print.) Spc(.ial R('port on the Fort'iJ!:n-born Popu1ation. Population and
A
riculturp of the Prairie Provin('
(l91ü). P()
tal Census of l\IanufaeturPH
(1916). Criminal Statistics, 1919. Reports on Production of Creameries and Cheese
}'acíori{'s, 191.') to 1918. Uqmrts on the Cen
us of Industry, 1917. Beet
ugar
Industry (190
). Annual Report on Coal Trade of Canada (1!)1
). _\.nnual
Report on Grain Trade of Canada. Directory of Chemical Indu
trips in Canada
(1gB)). )'lonthly Coal Statistic
. :\Ionthly Cold Storage Statistics. R('port
of Confprf'ncp of .June, 191R, on YitaI f'tatistic
. Heport of Conference of Octoher,
19
0, on Education Statistics. Railway Statistics, 1919. Canal Statistics, 1920.
Hi
torical
tatisti('al Sur\"( y of Education in Canada.
Labour.-
lonthly: 'rhe Labour Gazette (publi
hed in English and Fr('nch
at the nominal subscription pricp of 20 ('ents per annum, avcraging ovpr 100 paJ!es).
AnnnaIJy: Heport of the Department of Labour. Hcport of Pro(,(,fding
under the
Indu
trial Di8pute
InYc
1iJwtion
Act, 1907. I r.bour OrJ!3nization in Canada,
1919 (a Report is publi
hed for f3Ch ypaf nb ut l\lf1Y or June).
p('cjal Rpports:
Strike8 and Lockouts in Can8da, 1901-1916 (pIJbli:-.hfd in 1917) Labour Legi
-
lation Report, 1919, and a fpecial Hrport on "I_abour IÆgi:-:lation of Canada as
p:\.i
ting ÐpC'cmb('r 31, 1915." (A Report on Labour L('gi
lation i:-; publi
hed
annuaIJy in July or August.)

704

ADJIIJ.VISTRATI0
V

Secretary of State.-Annual Report. Regulations and Despatches Respect-
ing Extradition ProceEdings. List of Conlpanies Incorporated under the various
Companies Acts of the Parliament of Canada from 1867 to DecclIlber 31, 1913.
Copies of Proclamations, Orders in Council and Documents relating to thE:' European
\Var. l\Iethcd of conducting correFpondence between the Donlinion and Provincial
Governments.
Naval Service.-Annual Report. Royal Naval College of Canada Calendar,
containing general idea of scheme of training, prospects of cadets, regulations for
entry, etc. Tidal and Current Survey: Tide Tables, publi
hed annually, for the
East Coast, Pacific Coast, and Hudson Bay and Strait; also three abridged editions
for St. Lawrence region, Bay of Fundy and Strait of Georgia. Currents in the
Gulf of St. Lawrence, the entrance to the St. Lawrence, and the Southeast Coasts
of Newfoundland. Tables of Currents in the Bay of Fundy. Tides at the head
of the Bay of Fundy. Tide Levels on the East Coast of Canada and Pacific Coast.
Radiotelegraph Branch: Proceedings of the International Radiotelegraph Conference
of London, 1912. Chart showing the Radiotelegraph staticns in the DonlÎnion
of Canada. Postmaster General's Handbook for Radiotelegraph. Operators
(Instructions re handling of traffic, etc.). Hydrographic Survey: International
\Vaterways Conlmission Report. Sailing Directions: St. Lm'\TCnCe Pilot above
Quebec; St. Lawrence Pilot below Quebec (English and French); Canadian shores
of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay. Charts: 34 charts of the St. Lawrence river
between Pte. des l\Ionts and Cornwall; Ottawa river: 2 sections ('overing Lake of
Two ]\lountains; Lake Ontario: 9 coast charts with plans of harbours; Lake Erie:
2 sheets, plans of harbours and anchorages; Lake Huron: !) ('oast charts; Georgian
Bay: 9 charts; North Channel of Lake Huron: 4 charts; Lake Superior: 7 coast
charts; Lake 'Vinnipeg: 2 charts; Pacific Coast in the vicinity of Prince Rupert
and Queen Charlotte Islands: 12 charts; Atlantic Coast in the vicinity of Halifax
Harbour: 2 charts; HGdson Bay: 7 charts; International '\Vatel'WaYH Comnlif'sion
Boundary charts between St. Regis and Pigeon river: 29 charts. .
Railways and Canals.-Annual Report of the Department. Annual Report
of the Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada.
Marine.-l\larine Annual Iteport, containing Harbour Comn1Ïssions, etc.
Steamboat Inspection. List of Canadian Shipping. Reports of Expeditions to
Hudson Bay, Korthern 'Vaters and Arctic Archipelago. Canadian Port Directory.
List of Lights, etc., in Canada: (a) Pacific Coast; (b) Atlantic Coast; (c) Inland
"T aters.
Indian Affairs.-Annual Report. Indian Act, 1906, with Amendments to
date. Schedule of Indian Reserves, 1913. Indian Treaties and Surrenders, Vols.
I, II, III.
King's Printer and Controller of Stationery.-The Canada Gazette,
published weekly by authority, with occasional supplenlents and extras, subscription,
$4 per annum payable in advance, single copies, 10 cents each nunlber. Contains
weekly a list of current Governnlent publications, as required by Order in Council
1,522. Judgments of the Board of Railway Commissioners, bi-monthly, $3 per
annum; single copies, 20 cents; Exchequer Court Reports, $4 per annum; Supreme
Court Reports, $3 per annunl; Dominion Statutes, 1920, $4. Acts Publi(' and
Private with amendInents to date, 5 cents to 75 cents a copy. Parliamentary De-
bates, "Hansard", i:-:sued daily during session, French and EngliHh, $3 per
session each for House of COInnlons and Senate Debates, single copies, 5 cents.
Prices of blue-books are in nearly every case printed upon the front cover and
are based practically on the cost of paper and presswork. They may be ordered
direct fronl the Chief Clerk of Distribution, Departnlent of Public Printing and
Stationery, or through any bookseller in the Dominion.
Mines.-The DepartnH-'nt of 1Iine
examines the mOf't important n1Îneral
deposÜs and sections of geological interest, makes scientific investigations of the
mining and metallurgical industries of Canada and carries on exploratory work in
the little-known parts of the country. Detailed reports and geological nlaps of
mining camps, and maps and notes on explored routes have been published. Mem-
oirs have also b('en issued dealing with economic mineral deposits that have a
wide distribution throughout the country. High grade contoured topographical
nlaps of a nunlber of sections have been issued in recent years. Publications also

IJÚ.U/XIO.Y GO{.]'.,'R.YJfHS7' PUßI
IC tTIOXS

705

appear from time to time', giving the re
ult8 uf investigations in pal:l'ontoJogy,
hotany, zoology, mineralogy, and nnthropoJol!:Y.
\.
ummary report of the ol)('ra-
tions for thl' cakndar year is publishul annually by each branch of the Departlllent,
i.e., Gpological Rurv('y nran('h Hnd \Iint':o; Branch, and oUlPr r('port
npppar at
irr('
ular inten-als t hroup:hout the ) ear. The ExploE'i\"cR Division is ('harl!:('d with
th(' admini:4rat ion of t hc E
plo:o;in's ..\et, 1914, HAn Act to regulate the manufadure,
t('Rting, stornp:c and importation of e:-.plosiyl'
." The total numher of publi('at ions
exceeds :!,OOO. A copy of a. r('port or luap of any particular section n1a) be obtained
by applying to the D('puty f\Iini..;fer, l)epartnH'nt of :\Iine
, Ottawa.
Conlnlission of Conscnation.-6\nnuaJ Report
, UHO -19; Fire \Yaste in
Canada, J. Groyc Smith; Altitude
in Canada, .JanH\:-; ""hitt" F.H.
.C., F.R.G.R.;
])ictionary of .\1titudcs in Canada, Jatu'':'s \\ hite, F.R.
.C., F.U.G.S. For the
nUInprous other reports of the Commis:--ion of Comwrvatioll, see 19lH Canalla. Yt'ar
Book, pp. ö35-ö3G.
Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. -Annual
Rl.ports of th(' Administrntive Chairlll:1n, Hn7-1
, 191K-19, nlHl HHU-20.
Gt,ncrnl R ports :-(1) Th(, Briqudt inJ!; of Lip:nitc
, H.. 6 \. Ho
s, B.E.; (2) The
Rpco,.pry of ,-apours from gaSt
, lIarold S. Davis, I\I.A., Ph.D., l\lary David:-,on
Davis, B.A.; (3) T}w dp-t:urinJZ; of Gas by Elpctrical pn cipitation, J. G. ])avil"bon,
Ph.D.; (4) Xidont' and Toh:u.eo \\ fi
tp, A. D. 1I0llP, I\I.A.; (5) Canadian \\, aRte
Sulphih\ Liquor :lS a ðourcp of _\lcohol, Vernon J\:. Kril'blp, ..\sst. Prof., ))f'J)t. Clu'm-
i:-:try,
kGill "Gllivpr
ity; (6) An Invf'stip:ation into th(' QuC'stion of parly Putrefaction
of Evi
cf'rat<\d Fi-;h in whieh the Gills havt' bppn II ft, Louis nro:o;
, 1\1.1). Bull, tins:
(1) TIll' lwetl for Industrial Hp:--parch in Canada, I.'rank D. .Adalll
, Rc.D., LL.D.,
F.R.
.; (2) HC'
('arcllt'
on
ound l\lt'a
un nu nt, louis Y. h.ing, I\I.A., ]).Rc.,
F.H.S.C.; (3) How to l[andle I.'rozrn Fi:o;h, E. E. Prinrp, D.
c., LL.D.; (4) Hints
on l'rozrn Fi:o;h, E. E. Princp, D.Sc., LL.D.; (5) ;:,('it'ncp and Industr1, Prof. J. C.
}.'iclds, Ph.D., F.U.S.: (6) The JI('ating of J[OU5'C's, Coal aud Electricity compared,
A. S. L. Barn('
; (7) Tlw :\lanufactlup of ].:thyl .Alcohol from" ood '\"a
t(', G. H.
Ton\lin
on, B.A.: (0) Borne Problems of the Fox Rai
ing Industry, A. Ilunter, hI.A..
B$c., :\l.B., Ch.B.
Copie's of thrsp }{('ports and Bulletin
will be fonvardrd gratis to pt'rf'ons
intf'rt>:o;tl'd, upon request to the becretary of the Cm.mril for Scientific and Indus-
t rial Research.
Civil Ser,.ice Commission.-Allnual Rpport, including li:-\ts of suce(':o;
flù
eandidatps in e:-.amination
, }wrmam nt appoint1llfnts, promotions; and transfers
and copi('
of examination papprs
('t during th(' period covprfd t>y th(' HI" port.
H.t'gulations of th(' Civil Scrvicp Commi:;
ion. General Information rrspecting
Civil Rl'rvic(' Examinat ions.
Department of IIealth.-"Thr Canadian
Ioth('r's Book"; Gen('ral Vpnprcal
Disl'a
p Circular K o. 1 to the l\Ildical Proft r':o;ion of Canada: "Information concprning
YenpreaJ Dis(':lse"; G('n('ral Venereal Disea:-o..' Circular X 0.2 to the l\Inlical Profession
of Canada: "'V as
('rmann Test"; Gpn('ral V cnpr( al Disease Circular K o. 3 to the
:\Iedical Profc
;;:inn of Canada: "
Iieroscopic Examination"; Gen('ral V('npreal
Disca
f' Circular K o. 4 to the l\Iedical Prof('f:sion of Canada: "Diagnosis and Trpat-
mcnt of V cnrreal Di
ease"; Genrral V ('npl"{'al Diseasp Circular K o. 1 to the Public:
"Information for :\1 en" ; General Y ellereal Disc3.Sr Circular X o. 2 to thp Public:
"Information for Young" omen"; Grneral Yenereal Di
faE'C Circular Ko. 3 to the
Public: "Information for Parents".
Other Departments.-In addition to the publications above pnuIl1Pratf'd,
Annual Rf'ports arc issued by the Department of Jllsticp on the P('nitpntiari('s of
Canada, the Dppartnu..nt of External Affairs, the Public "Torks and of the
\uditor
General.

List of Principal Publications of the Provincial Governments of Canada, as
compiled from information supplied by the respective Governments.
KOTE.-The numbers within brackets are the numbers of the Bulletins. Thp
publications of the larger provinces are arranged by Departmpnts.
18427-45

706

ADJII
YISTRATION

PRINCE ED'VARD ISLAND.

Journal of the LE'gislativp Assembly. Statutes of the Legislative Assell1bly.
Royal Gazette. _\nnual Reports of the Provincial Auditor on Public Accounts
and of the Departments of Public 'Yorks, Education, Agriculture, Falconwooù
Hospital (for the Insane) and Vital Statistics.

NOVA SCOTIA.

Royal Gazette. Journal of Education. Annual Reports on Public Accounts,
Yital Statistics, Statistics of Incorporated Towns and l\IunicipalitieR, Public Health,
Education, Industries and Immigration, Agriculture, Crown Lands, l\linfs, Sub-
sidized RailwaYR and other Public \Y orks, Rural Telephones, Humane Institutions,
Public Charities, including nport of Hospital and Sanitarium, Penal Institutions,
X eglected Children, Temperance, Publicity Printing, Legislative Library, Utility
Board and \Y orknlen's Conlpensation Board. Also Annual Reports of the Provincial
Secretary, the Factory Inspector and of the Highway Board, Power Commi
sioner
and Game Commissionf'rs.

NEW BRUNSWICK.

Annual Reports of the Auditor GE'n('ral, of the Board of Health, of the Depart-
J11UlÌS of Education and Agriculturp (including Horticultur('), Annual Reports
on Public \Vorks, Crown Lands, the Hospital for t.he Insane, the Factory Rf'port,
Report of the Jordan l\lEnlorial Tuberculosis Sanitorium at River Glade, Report
of "
omen's Institutes, and Report of Chief Inspector under Prohibition Act.

QUEBEC.

XOTE.-The titles of publications available in the English language arp printed
in English.
Attorney GeneraI.-Annual Hpport of Prison Inspectors; Annual Report of
Public Utilities Commission.
Provincial Secretary.-Annual RE'port of the S
crctary and Registrar; Annual
Report of Inspectors of R{ formatory Schools and Insane Asylums; Annual Report
of the Superior Board of Health of the Province of Quebec; Statistical Year Book;
Educational Statistics;. Financial Statistics of School Corporations; l\lunicipal
t;tatistics (annual); Judicial Statistics (annual); Statistics of the Penal Establish-
ments (annual); Statistics of the Benevolent Institutions (annual); The Official
Gazette (weekly); The Statutes of the Province (annual); Revised Statutes of the
Province (1909).
Treasury.-Annual Statell1ent of Public Accounts; Annual Estimates; List of
:\lunicipalities in Connection with By-laws re
pccting Prohibition Limitation and
Licpnses for the sale of Intoxicating Liquors.
Lands and Forests.-Annual Report of thp l\linister; La Gaspésie, J.-C. Lan-
gelier, 1885; Survpyed Townships and Explored Tprritorics, 1889; Richesse Fores-
tière de la Province de QuébEc, J.-C. Langelier, 1905; The Forest, Fernow, 1905;
Arbr('
de Conlmerce de la Province de Québec, 1906; Table of Families of Twelve
Children, Eugènp Rouillard, 1904, 1906; Townships Surveyed and Trrritories
Explored, 1908; List of Tinlber License Holders, 1911; List of Persons Authorized
to Act as Cullers, 1911, 1912; Dictionnaire des Lacs et Rivières de la Provincf'
de Québec, Eugène Rouillard, 1914, BuHetin No.1 of the Forestry Service; Table
of \Yatf'r Powers granted by the Province of Quebec, from 1st July, 1867, to 31st
December, 1913, A. Amos; Bulletin No.2 of the Forestry Service, Piché and
Bédard, 1914; La Rouille vesiculaire du Pin blanc, S.-C. Piché; The Hydraulic
Powers in the Province of Quebec (Illustrated), 1917; Nomenclature of the
GEogn\phical NamEs in thE' Province of Quebec, Quebec GEographical Commis-
ðion, Annual Report of the Qutbec Stl'f8mS Commission; "Scierifs et Marchands de
bois de 1a Province de Québfc," T. Giroux, (1914).

fJHorISC'IA.L (;(H Ell.'J/H...' T PCRL! .
tTIU
'

707

A
riculture.- lnTlufll R' ports: nt'part mt'nt of
\
rif'ult ure; Comlwtition fur

\grieuitural
It'rit; DairJllll'n'S .A:-,:--uciation; POlllological Ducipty; Journal of

\
rif'u1turp and lIorti<'ult UI"(', illu:-;t ratt d (mont hI)). Bullf'lills: (1) Plans <It'
fromagprit's pt dt' lwurrprit s; (2) Lp Drainag(' Pratiqup, C. :\lichaud, HH4; (7)
Le Cheval du Culti,ratPllr, ,T. D. Duch(,lH' O
nl!li:-;h p<lition), HH t; (8) Cultur(' dps
C{.réah':" Collt'gp :\J:wdonalcJ, lUl.l: (I:!) I.e Jardin
l'ulaif('; (1.1) La Culturc du
Trl-fh'; (1.3) La. Culture du BIt,-t.l'lndc Fourragt.r; (IG) Guide tit' l'Arbori('ultt'ltr;
\ l
) Rr('pding and Prpparing Haf'on for the l\Iarkd; (2
) Des Bovidps; (24) The
(;rpat Falbcy of ""hitt' Bn':ul; (:!.>) Etudt' Sommairf' sur ks Céréah
; (:!n) Choix
eft' la
pmpnc<'; (39) Cplpry CultUrt'; (40) Ilow to Plant your ]<'ruit Trt'(;-:; (42)
] k la. Prot(,f'tion <I('
Pl:l1ltf''''; (13) Bean Culture; (44) D" 13 Culhn'p Potagère;
(4,')) Li
tc tips Pn':-;idl'nts f't Rp('rt't:lir('s <If s Ro('ide.

\gricolt s; (47) H.ahhit Bn'( dinf!;;
(-t'\)
IaJl\H'1 tip JllpdpcÌJw \" 'tPrinaire; (4H) 1I0nH
Canninh of Fruit Products;
(fiO
h<<,pp Rai
iug for Profit in <lud)t'("; (.') 1) How 10 iUf'I"t'a:-;p t hp PJ"OfIuf't ion of
Pork; (5:!) Brt'pdt'rs' (;llidp of tilt' Provilu'c of <lud)Pc; (53) Lc Fumipr dl' Fprnu'-
Compo:-;ition - Y:LII'ur
Con:';l'rnlt ion; (.3,,)) I/('lt-vag.. (ks yolaill(
dall:'; It:-.; \ïlks
t't l('
\ïHagt's; (56) ])p la CultuJ"P (It:"'> HaC'ÌJh
Fourr.l
i'r("s; (.')7)
]Iirit nt l)ouItry
Product ion in "ar-tiulf'; (.')" \ 110\\ to
avt' \11 at; (.>H) La 1.oqup ('ht.z It
\ht'illt s;
\t)()) Comp"tition for
t:uHling Crop
; (ûl) Lps pngr.1is Chimiqw:-.; d anu'IHlpUlpnts;
(G:!) Lf' H.u('lwr qu{'h, ('oi:-;; (
.-t) 1.'raitt'Olt'nt:- dt:-: ....c.mc.lu.ps; (f).')) f.(' Paratonnain';
(ütJ) Comuwnt C't pJurquoi produirf' (ks fraist
; (f.7) In:-:t'<"tt':-.; Klli:-;ihlt'
:lUX
\llilllaUX
elp Ia. f('rllll'; rirclilars: (:
) La Poult' t'OUVt.usp pt I( s Pous....ins; (15) La Diarrll<'c
('hpz Ip
Pou:.;:.;ins; (
:!) \oJlt'our:.; d'Etahl(
; (
5) Culturp tlu
Iaï
; (
tþ) COlllm('nt
t"f'onomi:-; 'r It.s Grain
an l'oulaillt r; (:27) Calt nelrit'r d'
\.rr():-:ag<' pour It
\r n g(.rs;
(:!
) \\ hrat Gnming; (:!m ])f' la CuItun' dp
('iglt,; (aO) DI' fa Culturf' dp l'Or
e;
(31' Df' b Culturt' tip L\voÏtw; (3:!) Dp la Cul1nrp du Lin; (;
a) Pulvéri
ation pour
Ips Yerg('
-Potagpr
; (a,;) Cultllr(' elt s Pois; (:3G) CultUft' eft:.; Jlari(.ot
; (:37) Culturt'
(Ies Pomnw
(It' t<'rrt s; (3
) Cal( lulri('r gt'néral (l'Arr{):--agf'; (:W) {TRap' (In .:\Iipl
à la. 'Iai:-;on; (40) CuUun' dt':-; FIt'urs.
Roads.-.\nnual R<,port of tl1.. i\Iini"tt'r of Hoa.ò......
Department of Colonization :\lincs and Fislu'ri
s.- -Gt'llpral r<<,port of tht'
:\Iini
t('r of Colonizat ion,
IÎIH':; and }.ï
}H'ri(':-:, rrport on :\Iinin
o}>t'rat ions in the
Provin<"(' of Quphce; ::\Iin("ralog;ip pratiqu<' à l'u:,agt' (1<-s Pro
pt'ct(.ur.;:, pf'r J.
Obalski (uno); Tlw Fi:-:h anti Gamp Cluh:, of 1 ht' Provin('p of QUf>1J('c, (HH4); La
Ga
pé:.;ip, par Alfred PdlaJlfi (1914); La G:-t""p{.si<', par .\lfn d Pelland, HH4, "
\
:-:ynop:-:i
of prpc('(ling; volump"; Brt'('(ling fur-hf'aring animal
, by E. T. D. Chamhprs
(1914:);
Iilws and
IÌJ}('ral:; of the Pro
incc of QUt'h('(', by Théo. C. Dpnis (HH4);
Prpliminary Rt atpHwnt of t hp .:\Iinpral Produf'tion, by Th<'o. C. Iklli
, annual (lH15);
Iron or('s of the }Jrovinf't' of Quebec, by P. \Y. Dulipux (1913); Extracts from r('ports
on t}w <li:--trict of rngava, by T. C. Ðt'nis (HH5); Rpport on the Copppr Dq)()
its
of thc Eastt'rn Town:-:hip!', by,J. \u!-'tf'n Banrroft (1916); L'inòustrif' dt' l'amiante
dans la pr(wincp de Qu{'lwc tHH7); La region dt' Ga
pl' ct tip Bonavpnturt', par
Hormidas :\Ia
an (1H:!O); La région dll Tt;mi:-:caminguf', par Irormida

Ia
an,
(1920); La rt;gion tI' Abitihi. par l'abb{' 1. Caron, 1918; La vall('f' de I&.
Iatàp('dia,
par lIormÎsòas
Iagnilll, 19
0.
Department of Public \Vorks
nd Labour.-
Iinistcr's Report.
Department of Public Instruction.-Code scolairc (1919); 2\IaJ1lwl de
l'institutpur catholiqu(' (lUOO); Revi"cò regulations of the Catholic Committee
(HH5); Hegulations of thp Prot<,'\tant Committt'c (1 n09); ::\lanuel des commis-
:-:air('s d'érolf'
, (190S); Eòucation in the Provincp of Qm'bec, (1914); Protf'stant
Rural
f'hool:-1, (191
); Protestant Schools in the Eastern Townships (1913); Memo-
randa of Instruetion
to Tf'acher;; (1915); Annual rf'port; :Finaneial stat< mf'nt of
tht' Supt'rint('ndent of Public Instruction (annual);
Ion premier livre (1st and
2nd part) (1900), a frefo'h edition of which is print('d t'v('ry y('ar; L'Ensei
(m('nt
primaif('; Educational Rpcord; Yearly circulars containing instructions to school
board:; and :-;ehool inspcctors.
Legislative AssembIY.-ÅJ!enda Paper of the Lc
islative A!-'f'Plnbly; Votes
and Procecdings of the Legislative As
embly; Journals of th(' Legislative A"sembly;
Returns to Orders and Addre:;!f'es of the Legislative As:-;pmbly (Spssional Papt'rs);
Report of the Clprk of the Crov.î1 in Chancery on election
(Published after evf'ry
18427-451

708

ADJIINISTRATIOl\T

general election); Report of the Librarian of the Legislature; Annotated Rules and
Standing Orders of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec; Private Bills in the Legisla-
tive Assembly of Quebec (a manual containing the rules relative to) ; Government and
Legislature; List of the Chairman and l\lembers of the Committees of the Legislative
Assembly.

ONTARIO.

PrenIier:-Report of the Hydro-Electric and 'Vorkmen's Compensation
Commissions.
Provincial Secretary.-Annual Reports; Provincial Board of Ifealth; Registrar
GenC'ral; Hospitals and Charitable Institutions; Hospitals for the Insane; Prisons
and Reformatories; Institutions for the Feeble-minded and Epileptics; N c!!;lected
and Dependent Children. Digest of the Ontario Social Laws. Annual Rf'port
of the Secretary and Registrar of the Province of Ontario. 1\Iunicipal Bulletin.
Treasury.-Annual Statements; l\lain, Supplementary and Further Supple-
lnentary Estimates of E:X'Penditure; Public Accounts; Financial Statement of
Treasurer delivered in the Legislative Assembly; Auditor's Report; Bureau of
Archives Report; Statutes of the Province.
Attorney General.-Reports of Inspectors: Legal Offices; Registry Offices;
Insurance; Division Courts. Annual Report of Board of License Commissioners.
Registrar General.- Vital Statistics Act. Act respecting the Solemnization
of l\tlarriage. Physicians' Pocket Reference to thc International List of Causes
of Death. Annual Report of Births, Marriages and Deaths.
Board of Health.- Public Health Act; Vaceination Act ; Venereal Diseases Act
Regulations. Annual Report. Sewage Disposal for Residences. Facts about Flies,
l\Iosquitoes, and How to Prevent them. "Thp Baby" monthly seetion in Public
Health Journal. A simple Method of V\T ateI' Purification. Simple Methods of House
Ventilation in Winter. Regulations: Control of Communicable Disease; Slaughtcr
Houses, et c.; Undertakers' Circulars; Prevention of Typhoid Fever; Anti-toxin,
Vaccination, Smallpox, Measles, Typhoid Fever, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria.
Consumption (General), Venereal Diseases, Consumption (General Precautions),
Consumption (Pcrsonal Precautions). Instructions on Disinfection. Leaflet
containing Statistics respect ing Waterworks and Sewerage Systems. Regulations
and Application Forms : Waterworks Approvals; Sewprage Approvals. Regulations
Prevention of Babies' Sore Eyes; l\tlodcl l\'lilk By-law; Anterior Poliomyelitis;
Combating Lousiness among Soldiers and Civilians, 1918; Prevention of Cancer;
Hints for Farm "\V orkers.
Public Works.-Annual Report of the Minister with reports of the Architect,
Engineer, StaÜ:ments of Law CI('rk and Accountant. Report of Timiskaming and
Northern Ontario Railway Commission. Report of the Queen Victoria Kiagara
Falls Park Commis
ion.
Department of Labour.-Rcport of the Trades and Labour Department with
Factory Inspcctor (Shops and Office Buildings), Chid Boiler Insp('ctor, Inspector
of Stationary Engincf'rs and Bureau of Labour. Regulations of Boilcr Inspection.
Department of Public Highways.-Annual Report. (9) Report of the
Ontario IIighways Comlnission, 1914; (10) Rcgulations respecting Township
Road Superintendents, 1916; (11) Regulations respecting County Roads, 1920;
(14) Townf'hip Road lmprov('mrnt Act, 1918; (15) The Motor VehiclEs Act, The
Highway Travel Act, The Load of Vehicles Act, The Public Vehicles Act, 1920;
(16) Gf'neral Specifications for Concretp Highway Bridges, 1917; (17) Gen('ral
Specifications for Steel Highway Bridges, 1917; (18) Highway Bridges, 1917;
(19) General Plans for Steel Highway Bridges, 1917; (20) Description of Road
l\Iodels Exhibit, 1917; (21) Short Fornls for Bridge Tendcrs, 1917; (22) Report on
Street Improvement, 1917; (23) Bituminous Surfaces for l\lacadam Roads, 1917;
(24) Specifications for Bituminous l\Iaterials, 1917; (25) Country Road Legislation,
as enacted by the Highways lmprovemf'nt Act, the Ontario lfighways Act, and
the Obstructions on Highways Removal Act, 1920; (26) Motor Vehicle IIeadlamps
and Glare Elimination, 1918; (27) Wid('ning the Provincial llighway, 1919; (28)
l\tlain Road Legislation, 1919; (29) Regulations respecting Township Roads, 1920;
(30) Township Road Legislation as enacted by the Ontario Highways Act, 1920.

PRUt L\CI.JL GOl Fll.VUEST rUBLICATIOXS

70!)

Department of GanlC Hnd }i'ishcries.-Annual H.f'port. CaIllC Laws.
Lands and Forests.-Annualltq)ort of thp )linister. I)rf'liminary Statistics
of !\Iillt'ral Production, i&mcd annually, also bull('ting which are lat('r inrorp-
orat<'d in th., Annuallt('port, i
suf'(l in sf'vpral parts, of the Department of
IineB.
Handbook of Korthern Ontario on Colonization.
.\
riculture.-.lnmwl III ports: !\liniskr of Agriculture; Agricultural Colleg('
and Exp(.rimrnta1 J.'arm; Agricultural and Exp<'rinu ntal Union; Dairynwn's
.As
o('iation
; Livl' Rtock Branch; Vd(.rinary CollrJW; Stallion Ellrolm. nt Board;
Corn Grow('rs' Association; .Agrieultural Stat istir
; Bre-l\:efp<,rs' ...\
ociation i
Fruit Gr 0\\ ('r:-;' .\:-,:-;()ciation: Horticultural E'\.pt rimental Station; Vcgdnbk Growprs
Association: Entomological
oci( ty; \gricultural Soci<.ti(s; Horticultural Socidi(s;
'YoIUln's Institutts. Bulktins: (17-1) Farm rnd.rùrainap;p: Do(s it pay? (175)
Farm l"ndf'rdrainagp ()ptTations; (187) Codling 1\loth; (lbð) 'VC'eòs of Ontario;
(J Ð4) ...\pph Orrharding; (1 Ð.j) In
. ct ieidl sand Fungici(h s; (1 nS) LinH' Sulphur
'Yash; (
05) Cht'.'s('-makinp; find Buttl'r-nwking; (
07) ICE -cold Stor:1g(' on thc
Farm; (20U) Farm Fon
tlY; Strawb( rri.s find Rn
pb.rriu;; (211) l'ruits H.com..
m('ndcd for Ontario I>lant( r
; (21ß) Box ]):l('kin
of .Appl.
; (21b) Birds of Ontario;
(219) Han Jo:,P and OY8t('r Shr II
caI< s; (
20) LiJ?;htnin
Ro.h-; (22:
) F.'rtiliz.'rs;
(224) Gr<'.'nhousp Com
tru<'tion; (225)
"illC'; (226) Plum Cultur(' in Ontario;
(230) ThC' Ch('rry in Ontario; (231) V. J!:( tabl<' Cro\\in
; (2
2) Fi.ld H. all
; (235)
SWt'. t Cloy,'r; (2:37) TI1P Grapp in Ontario; (23b) I.imC' anù its use in Agrieu1tun.;
(230) Potato(
; (2-10) ßaetC'rial Di
( fi
( s of Vrgdnbl. s; (
-11) P. :tch Gro\\ing in
Ontario; (242) Dist':\s. d
Iouths a caus<, of Ill-II. alth; (2-13) NaturC' Study, or
StorÌ< f;; in \grirulturp; (2-1.1) Hints for Bf tth r
in 1\orth(>ln Ontario; (24ü) Rugg('s-
tions for Fppding Htock; (247) Farm Poultry; (248) Pruning; (249) Thc PNlf in
Onta.rio; G:?i;O) Insectd attacking Fruit Tn'. s; (251) Insl'cts affecting V<'gl'tabl<.s;
(252) The ])rpsl'rv:1tion of Food, IIomC' Canning; (253) Dairy Catt}('; (254) 'Var
Breads; (255) Tubt'reulosis of Fowls; (25ft) "int..ring BNS; (257) Di
(ascs of
Fruit Tr('(s; (23&) Dis. a
lS of Y. g. tnbl< s; (25U) Books on .Agriculture; (2()O)
Experiments wit h Farm Crops; (
61) '\.hl at Hnd H:y<'; (262) Sugar Bpl'ts; (263)
!\1 ushrooms; (2ß4:) Dis. a
( s of Digf st ivp OrJ!ans of II ors. sand Catt 1('; (266)
Ch('('se-making and Butt('r-making; (2ß7) 1'arni" :1tC'r Supply; (2l

) Farm Crops;
Exp('rim. nts at O.A.C.; (
GU) Hay and Pnstllre CroJ>
, Grass('s, CloVf'
, etc.;
(270) Judging Y('gt'tabl<.s; (271) TIH' .\pplp :\Iaggot; (272) Contagious .\bortion
in Cattlp; (274) Sheep; (275) Farm :\Ianag.ID. nt, part 1.; (2iß) BcC' Di
('as('s;
(277)
lotor Transport a t ion in Rural Ontario; (278) Farm
Ianagrm('nt, Part II;
(279) Community Halls; (280) Alfalfa; (281) Be H('r Bul1
. Publieations of the
Dt'pmtm. nt are furni:--hr d fref. upon applieation to r( :::.idfnts of Ontario. \ charge
of 5 ('('nts ('aeh for Bulletins and 10 c('nts cach for R. ports is made to persons living
outside of Ontario.
Education.-Annual R(port of thp l\linist<'r of :E(lueation. Archæological
Report. School Acts, 75 cents Cloth Boardf;;, 50 c('nts PapC'r. Regulations and
Cours('s of Study: Public and Rlparate School
; Continuation Schools; High
Schools and Colh giate Institutes; Summ('r Coursrs and Examinations for T( achers.
Summer l\lodcI Schools for Training of T( aeh( r
; Fall !\lodd Schools for Training 01
Trachprs; Engli
h-Frf'nch l\Iod.1 Schools; Syllabus of Regulations and K ormal
School Cours. s for Second Class and Kindt rgartr'D Primary Certificate s. Official
Cal('ndar of t!l(' D('partment of Education. Recomm( ndations and R('gulations
for Industrial, T('chnieal and Art S('hools. RfCOmm( ndations and Regulations for
COInmE rcial High School
, ('tc. RrcommC'nòations and Rpgulations for Agriculture
and House hold ScÎ<'ncp Dppartm. nts. Cours( s in History for Junior High School
Entrance Examinations; Junior High S('hool Entrance and Junior Public School Grad-
uation Examinations Instructions. Annual DC'partmental Examination Instru('tions.
LiterabuC' S. kctions for Examinations. Rf'gulations of t h(' Con
olidat( d
chools.
The Consolidation of Rural School
. l\Ianual
: Teaching English to French-
sppaking pupil'", 15 c('nt
; :\Ianual Training, 40 cf'nt
; Topics and Sub-Topics)
10 cCDt
; Sewing, 20 cents; English Composition) 15 ('C'nts; Education Pamphlds;
Vï
ual .Aids in Tca('hing of History; List of It. productions of 'Y orks of Art;
Sewing Chart,
2; l\Iathematical TabI< s, 2.rj cents; l\!ròical School Insp('ction.
R('gulations, Prof. ssional Cours(s and Examinations for Public School Inspectors'
C('rtmcatfs. Instructions to Public and Separate Schools' In
p('ctors on

710

ADJf I lY I ST R_l TIO
Y

Apportionmlnt of Grants. Tf'achers' Institute Lf'cturcs and list of Lecturers
and Subjects. l\Ianual Training and Household
ci(nce in the High, Continuation,
Public and Separate
chools. Catalogue of Books for Public and Srparate
School Librari( s; Catalogue of Books for Continuation and High Schools and
Collegiate Institutes. List of Public and SqJarate Schools and Teachers.
Rural School Plans. JnlprOvnnent of School Grounds. Annals of Yalour: Canada's
Part in the Pro;cnt 'Yare Jubilee of Confederation. Ontario Library RLview
(quarto'ly). The Great "
ar in Verse and Prose, 20 cents. How the Fight was
won,
o centf-:. Geographical Changes, 15 cents. Canadian Girls at 'York, $1.25.

MANITOBA.

Agriculture.-Annual Rq>ürt. Report of
Ianitoba Agricultural CollEge;
Report of the Agricultural Exten
ion Service Branch; Booklets: Stock Rai
ing
in l\Ianitoha; Opportunities in
Ianitoba; Le l\Ianitoba (French); Periodical
Crop and Live Stock Reports; l\Iap of the Province; Calendar of the l\Ianitoba
Agricultural College; 1\Ianitoba .Agricultural Extension Kews (l\Ionthly). Bulletins:
Control of the Sow Thistle in l\Ianitoba; l\Ianagenlent of the Brood 1\lare and Foal;
Canning by the Cold Pack Method; Common Diseases and Disorders of the Foal;
Poultry Hou
es for Farnl and Town; The Gas Engine; Cheefo\e 1\laking on the Farm;
Better Farm Homes (A Bulletin of IIouse Plans); Asparagus; Hatching, Brooding,
Rearing and Feeding Chicks; IÆHsons on 'Yeeds; Prot('(.tion fronl Lightning;
Agricultural Society Activities; Farm Butter-making; Practical Cookery; Books
for Farm and Home; HOIne Dressmaking; Observations on Rust Control; The
Cream Separator on the Farm; _\nnual Pasture and Forage Crops for l\Ianitoba;
Sewage Dispo:-:al for the Country HOIne; Rusts and Snults of Grain Crops; Lessons
in l\Iillinery; Bee I{eeping in l\1anitoba; Common Brecds of Poultry; Hand Selection
and Harvesting of t he Seed Plot; Rearing Dairy Calves; Birds in Relation to Agricul-
ture; LaunderiJ1g and Dyeing; Horses in l\Ianitoba; Hay and Pasture Crops in
l\1anitoba; The Farnl Flock (Sheep); Debating Clubs. Circulars: The Farmers'
Beef Ring; t;ervants in the House (Devices to lighten housework); Barley Growing;
Insect Poisons and Spray l\Iixtures; Hints for the Housewife on Buying Dressed
Poultry; Blackleg-A Disease of Cattle; Summerfallow Competitions in l\Ianitoba;
Eggs from the Farnl to the Consumer; How to Preserve Eggs; Cutworm Çontrol;
Back-Yard Poultry I\::eeping; Alfalfa Growing in l\Ianitoba; Sweet Cream for Butter-
making; Feeding for "
inter Eggs; Potato Top Diseases in July and August;
Standard for Judging Vegetables; The "
estern '''"heat-Stem Rawfiy; Chemistry of
the Farm 'Vater Supply.
Education.-Annual Report.. Empire Day Booklet. l\Ionthly Bulletin of
Schools. Con::;olidation of Hchools. ProgTfRs of Studies. Annual Report of thc
Supf'rintendf'nt of l\rglected ChildrEn. Education among l\EW Canadians.
l\;lunicipal Commissioner.-Annual Rf'port on Publi(' Health. Statistical
Information respecting the Municipalities of the Province with names and addresses
of administration and hEalth officials of Each Inunicipality.
Public Works.-Annual Report, including reports on P\:blic Institution:-l.
Attorney General.-Annual Rrport, included in t;essional Papf'rs. Annual
Reports: Public UtilitiEs Commission; Good Hoad
Commission; Governm('nt
Telf'phone Commission.
Provincial Treasurer.-Public Accounts.
Provincial Secretary.- Annual Report.
King's Printer.-l\Ianitoba Gazette. R('por1 on Library and l\<Iu8f'um.
Journals and Sessional Papers. Statutes of the Provincc. List of Inc?rporatf'd
and Licensed CompaniFs o})f'rating in l\Ianitoba.
Publicity Commissioner.-l\Ianitoba Public
ervice Bulldin (monthly);
l\1ining and l\Iineral Prospects in Northern l\Ianitoba; A\nnual Report of Commis-
sioner of Korthern :\Ianitoba; Booklet on :\Iineral Deposits, Rice Lake, Bear River
and Faleon Lake Districts.

PR01.ISC'T.lI
:OrFR.\jJfEST }ÞU/lLICA1'IU.\:)

711

SASk.\TClIE\\ A:'\.

A
riculture. -Annual l{pport of tht.
Dppartm('nt uf .A
ri('ultur('. .Annual
ltq)Ort
of Br:lIH'hf'
, ('tc.: Dairy, Livp ;:,to('k. Fif'ld Crop:-:. Camp, Stati:-:ti(':-:, E)",h'n-
sion D('partnwnt of rollq!;p of .\griculturl. Cou
n
Iox ltEPOHT
: Elf'vator, Grain

Iarkd:-:, \gri('ult ural Cn dit, Livp
Hock .:\[arkf'tinh, B,-tt('r Farming. Built-tins
and I ('afl(,ts on LiVl'
tock, Field Cropo;:, Dairying, Farm ßuilùin
, Tillage' :\I( thod:-:,
('f('.
Othl'r puÞlications.- \nnu'll Rl'ports: J)('partnH'nt of E(lucation; Burl:au of
Labour; })I'partnlf'nt of Puhlic \\"orks; Board uf lIighway Commis:-.iOlwrs; D('part-
n1('nt of :\Iuni('ipal \fTair
; Ho:ul Dra r Corn!>( tit ion; Dq)artnwnt of tll(' Provincial

('crf'taD'; Public Sf rvicc i\Ionthly.

\1
nER'I.\.

4\
riculture.-ral'm ('rops awl CuIt ivat ion: Hoil Cult ivat ion;
I'('(l. Pre-
paration of
..t. d,
('('ding; Huitabh- Yari( tilS of
mall (;rains for .\l1]('rta; \Yintel"
Hyf'; The Produ('tion of Timothy S('t'{l in ..\lh.'r1a; Potato Growin
; Yq.
dahl,'
(;ard('ning; 1"11('
toring of Root::;; \\ ('('lk of .\lI)('rta; \\ ('( (l-i Poi
onou:-- to Livp
to('k;
Tlw Dl'strudioll of tll(' (;oplwr. Lin' ",tock a11l1 Poultry:
h('('p in ..\lh( rta; Pre-
paring for tll(' Pig Crop; Tlw
u('klin
l}('riud; The l"
l' of Pasturp in Pi
Haisillg;
Th('
ilo in . \1I)('rta; :-\ucc(':-::-:ful Poultry Hai:-:ing; An)('rt a Egg ::\larkf't in

('n ic('.
IIlHl
( hold Bulletin
: :\[( at Curing on tl1(' Farm; .\ Talk a10ut tlH' Baby; lImnt"
Canning of Fruit
, Yl' ,.('tabl('s and \I('ats; Home Drying of Fruit=-- and Ylgdablc::;.
Handbook of \.1I)('rt3..
Department of Educ
\tion.-.\nnual Report; Rural 8('hool I.unell( ð; .\n-
nouncenwnts: (
) \11)('1'13 ""ouual b('hoob, \b) 811111111('r 8('11001 for T('
u'lH r:-:, (c)
Pro,-ineial Institute of T('(.'hnolugy anll .\rt; Ev('ning Cla..")5cs for Adults; Cour:-"

of Study for EII'IlH'ntary and
H'on(bry f.;('hool:i; Buill tin f('latillJ?; to In:-:trudioll
in _\.griculturp and
choul Gard('nin
; OutlinLs of cour:::f::, in :\lu':ìic, lIousl'llOld
Economil':-', Art and
[anual \rt
, find in A rricuIt urp.
Department of Public IIealth.- \mmal It('port; Bulletin.. of th(' V('J>art-
111('l\t of Public Hl'al1 h; Con
uml)tion; Dairi( sand :\Iilk; DI
inf('ction; Facts about
FlitS; Inf('etiou:-; Di....:üN rl; lnf('{"tivity of Tuh( r('1tlosi
; 1\otifbhll' Disnl.'.;rs; ObjPct
of tlw Public Hcalth Act; lI('alth 13ulktin, Yo!. 1, HUt) l.:\lonthly).
Dt'p
\rtment of the \ttorney General.-.\nnual H('port 011 J)(,}>I'J)(lf'nt
and Dt.'linqul'nt Childn n.

\nnual Hpport:-: arf' al:-:o i:-::-:u('d by th(' Df'partnH'ut of tllf' Provincial f;pcrctary;

IuI1icipal .\ffairs; Public 'Yorks; Railway
and Tdf'phoIlCS; Tn'a8llry (Insurance
Braneh); Public ,Accounts; Board of Public L'tilitips.

ßRITISII COL{;
IBL\.

Departmen t of Lands.-General Bulldi n8: (1) lIo" to Pr(,-(,llIpt Land;
(2)
om(' Q\l('stion
and .\nSWf'rs T<.garding Briti:-:h Columhia; (3) British
Columbia X orth of the C. P. Railway Belt; (4) Grazing Po
sibilities of 13riti:3h
Columbia; (5) Briti
h Columbia South of the C. P. Railway Belt; (6) Briti'5h Cohun-
bia Coast (Lower :\Iainland); (7) Briti::;h Columbia Coast, Toba lnld to QUC(,TJ
Charlott(' Sd.; (ð) Briti
h Columbia Coaf't, QUl'en Charlotte Sd. to :\Iilbank Sd.;
(9) Briti
h Columbia Coast, :\Iilbank Sd. to Portland Canal; (10) The vicinity of
Francois-Oot
a Lak('s (For.t Fraser); (11) Yieinity of Grand Trunk Pacific Railway
\Fort Grorge); (12) :-'kl'pna, I
it
umgallum, Ki
piox, Lakel
(', Kit imat, Bulkley,

a&
.; (13) Loggf'd-Off Lands; (14) Vancouvpr Island; (15) Quef'n Charlotte Inland;;;;
(16) Crnnbrook and Fprnie Land Recording Di\"ision; (17) Yakp and Similh.amppn
Land Recording Division; (18) O:,oyoos Land Recording J)ivision; (19) Xicola
Land H.f'cording Divif'ion; (20) K cl:-:on and Blocan Land Recording Division; (21)
ltevel
toke and Goldf'n Land Recording Division; (22) Tatla Lake, Chilko Lake,
.Anaham, Chilanko, Chilcotin, Euchiniko; (23) Stikil1f' and Atlin Land Recordin

Di\"i
ion:s; (:!-t) Hazplton Land Rccording Divi:;ions; (25) Peace River-East of
t h(' Rocky :\Iountain:-:; (26) Pl'ace Riv('r-\\-cst of th(' Rocky ::\lountains; ('27)

'"

712

ADlYIINISTRATION

New Westminster Land Recording Division; (28) Francois-Ootsa Lake; (29) Endako
and Nechako Rivers; (30) Stuart and Babine Lakes. Forest Branch: (1) Barns,
Conlbination and general purposes (1915); (2) Barns, Dairy, Ice, and Milk Houses
(1915); (3) Barns, Beef Cattle (1915); (4) Barns, Horse (1915); (5) Barns, Sheep
(1915); (6) Piggeries and Smoke Houses (1915); (7) Poultry Houses (1915); (8)
GranariEs ; (8) Implement Sheds (1919); (9) Silos and Root Cellars (1915); (10)
Farm Houses (1916); (12) How to Finish British Columbia \\r oods (1919); (19)
B. C. 1\lanufacturers of Forest Products; (21) Uses, Strengths, and Working StrEsses
of B. C. Timber (1920); (Q) 'Vhat are your Needs? British Columbia Can supply
them; \Voods to use; (T.S.) How to obtain a "Timbfr Sale." Grazing Branch:
(1) Grazing Management of Crown Lands (1919); (2) Grazing Management of
Crown Lands Range Allotment (1918); (3) Grazing 1\1anagement of Crown Lands
Co-operative (1919); (4) Grazing Possibilities of British Columbia (1920); (10)
Regulations and Instructions for the Use of the Crown Ranges for Grazing Live
Stock (1919).
Department of Mines.-Comprehensive Annual Reports obtainable on
application to the Department of Mines.
Department of A
ricultui-e.-Reports and Miscellaneous: (8) Agriculture
in British Columbia; (9) Poultry-breeders' Directory; (23) Handbook of British
Columbia; (26) Columbia-Kootenay Valley, (2nd edition); (27) Climate of British
Columbia, (5th edition); (30) Guide to Bef'-keeping; (59) Agricultural Statistics
(1913); (65) Agricultural Statistics (1914); (76) Agricultural Statistics (1916);
(84) Agricultural Statistics (1919); (83) Preservation of Food; (54) 'Vomen's
Institute Handbook; Women's Institute Report (1914); Women's Institute Report
(1915); Women's Institute Rules and Regulations; Farmers' Institute Annual
Report (1915); Farmers' Institute Annual Rf'port (1916); Farmers' Institute Ad-
visory Board, Minutes of Meetings (1919); Farmers' Institute Advisory Agricul-
tural Conferc'nce at Smithers; The Co-operative Farmers' Institute of British
Columbia; Farmers' Institute Rules and Regulations; Farm Account Book; Depart-
ment of Agriculture Report (1915); Department of Agriculture Report (1916); De-
partment of Agriculture Report (1917); Departmf'nt of Agriculture R(;port (1919);
British Columbia Dairymen's Report (1915-17); Third International Egg-Laying
Contest; (12) Proceedings of Entomological Society of British Columbia (1919);
Agricultural Fairs Association Report (1918); LEaflets re Fire-blight; Leaflets,
Ordf'r in Council re "Game Act" for Farmers' Institute Secretaries; Board of Hor-
ticulture Rules and Regulations (1919); Bee-keepers' Calendar for British Columbia
(1920); List of Publications, Df'partmcnt of Agriculture; Agricultural Journal
(Circulation 9,000. Published Monthly). Bulletins: Live Stock and Mixed
Farming.-(32) Control of Bovinf' Tuberculosis in British Columbia; (60) Hog-
raising in British Columbia; (66) Silos and Silage; (67) Feeding and Management
of Dairy Cattle; (71) Butkr-making on the Farm (2nd edition); (72) Milk-testing
and Dairy Records; (73) Field Crop and Field Competition; (77) Sheep-raising;
(78) Boys' and Girls' Competition, 1918; (79) Field-crop Competition (1918);
(80) Management of Market Rabbits (2nd edition); (81) Boys' and Girls' Competi-
tion (1919). Poultry Raising, Etc.-(26) Practical Poultry-raising (6th edition);
(29) Natural and Artificial Brooding and Incubating (3rd edition); (49) Market
Poultry (3rd edition); (74) Breeding and Selection of Commf'rcial Poultry. Circular
Bulktins: (1) Thousand-headed I{ale (2nd edition); (5) Clover-dodder; (10) Care
of Milk and Cream; (13) Root-sf'ed growing in British Columbia; (14) The Use of
Agricultural Lime; (18) Noxious Weeds, their identification and eradication; (20)
Sf'ed-growers' Directory, 1917-18; (22) Medical Inspection of Schools. Agricultural
Department Circulars: (14) Community Breeding (2nd edition); (15) British Col-
umbia Farmpr and his Silo; (16) Clover and Alfalfa Seed Production in British
Columbia, 1916; (21) Silage Aids Production; (22) City and Suburban Food Pro-
duction; (24) Food for Young Children; (25) Food for Young Children; (26) Food
for Young Children; (27) Hints to Exhibitors at Fall Fairs; (28) Hints to Exhibitors
at Fall Fairs; (29) Hints to Exhibitors at Fall Fairs; (30) Milk, the Protective
Food; (31) Cottage-cheese Dishes. Horticultural Circulars: (3) Selection of Orch
rd
Sites and Soils; (6) Spray Calendar (Revispd, 1920); (8) Packing Orchard Frmts;
(11) Progress and Prospects of Fruit and Vegetable Growing; (14) Practicallrri-
gation; (19) Propagation and Selection of Nursery Stock; (20) Orchard Cultivat
on
and Cover-crops; (33) Fruit-growing Possibilities, Skeen a River; (48) Exhibitmg

PHO
I:-'CljlL GOrERYUr;.'.T PUBLlr t1'IOXS

713

:Fruits Rnli Yl'gptabll:o\ (
nd l clition). Xcw 1I0rtieulturai Hprirs: (31) })( ul'h-twig
Borer; (3
) Cabbage-rout
Iaggot; (33) Htrawlwrry-ruot ".('('vil; (34) TIll' \\Poully
_\phj(1 of till' Applp; (3.j) Currant Uall-miÍl'; (3t.) TIll' Oniun-thrip:-:; (2nd ('dition);
(37) TIll' Importl'rl Cabba
e-" ornl; (39) Appk-a
phid( s; (41) Tlw Oy:4('r-
1ll.'1l

.:('alp; (12) Top-working of Fruit Trl'l:-; and Propagation; (43) Gardening on a City
Lot; (-11) _\ppll)-
,'ab; (45) ..:\.nthraeIlost'; (4ß) EJ!g-pl:mt and Pt pp('r Oro" ing in
Briti:-,h Columbia Dry Bl.lt; (47) Cucumblr and Cantaluupt' Growing ill British
Columbia; (4
) Foreing UOU
l's and FranH s for pro(lucing Early \ (gdahlf' Plants;
(49) Tomato-gn)\\ ing in British Columhia. Dry Bdt; (30) Potato-(liscases; (51)
Orl'harrl COYl'r-Crops; (52) Disl aSt s of HtolH'-fruit:i in Brit ish Columhia; (53) 8drc-
t ion of On'hard Sih Rami Doil:,; (.') 1) Loganb(.ny Culturp; (55) Hasrl)('rI') CultuTP;
(ÖO) Pruning Frllit- Trl'u;; \() 1) :\lah.inJ! I iUll"-:mrphur at JloUH', 1U:20. . Poultry
CÙc1l1"rs: (:!) Tllh
rculusis in Poultry; (-1)
Ianagnn('nt of Tl1rkf')"s (:!nd l'dition);
(11) POliltry-k('(pin
on a City lot (3nl (clition); (l:?) 1\lanag(nwnt of G{,t'se);
(1'>) Profitabll' Dw'h.f'; (19) Poultry Rations and tllPir Pf:u.tif'al _\ppli('atioll (:?Ild
t'dition); (:!.t) Poultl1-('ulling; (2.j) lIau'hing; II ints; (2û) S,)il-cúnt
unination.
:\ OTE.- Copies of tl1(' PliLlic'ations listul will ht' S('J\t fn'(' of ('hargl' on applica-
t ion to till' PuLli('ations Branch, l)f'ImrtnH Ilt of _\gricultul"<', \ïetoria, B.C.

YU
O
TERRITORY.

Ordinary .Jourral:, anti So....ional PapPI'S of th(' Tf'l"ritorial CotllH'il. The'

,ssional Pap('r
{'ontain H( ports of tilt' ï\ rritorial ()fti
t rs, indudiug thosl' of tllc
Snpl'rint<,mkllt of \\ ork
, lit aIt h Oflìc('r, 'l't rritOl ial.\;-,:-o.1y('r, Chid Lic('n
(' In
I>rctor
anù 8upprinh'nd( nt of S('hools, Rl Yt nul' and E)o,.lH'IHlitur<>.
}tl'porb from thl' Gold Commis...ioner, th(' Crown Timlwr and Land ...\glnb
anli t h(' Comptrollt r and Din dol' of
urv()
arf' C'ontaim d in tht. Annual Hcpor t
of thl' Dl partm( nt of thl' Int< rior, Otta\\a. Pamphl(.t "Yuh.on Tl'rritory, Its
Ili...;tory and Rcsoun.( :3", publi::shlll by tht' l)t'partm( nt of th ' Intprior.

XIII.- LEGISlh\TIO
..\XD PRI
CIP_\L EYE
TS Ol
'
TI IE YEl\lt 1920.

))(nn
I()
I
"
GI
IßATIO
, 1920.
'The' follo,ving are all the A.ct:-; of tlH
fourth
c
::)ion of the
thirteenth Parlianlcnt of Canada opgun and holden at Ott:H,.a on
:February 2ü, 1H20, and dO:Sl'll by proro
ation on July 1, 1920. j)uring
this sc
",ion 73 public genpral .A.ct:-; and l:
O local and private Acts
".erc pa
8cd. Of the latter S ,vpre raihvay f'olllpanic:-;' Acts, ] 7 Wf>re
ill:-:urance cOlllpanie:-;' A.ct.:-ï, 5 ,vere other cOlnpaniés' \.cts antI 100
".ere (Ii vorce \.ct
.
Finance.
Four Appropriation Àct:-; "rerp I>as
pd during the
ses:-:ion, chapters 1, 2, 2
and 73, the first t".o relating to the fi
f'al year
1021 and rhapter;-; 22 and 73 rplating to the fi...;cal years 1020 and
1921. 1'he total :lIUount of appropriation:-; "rere
-l51,Ð49,400 for 1920-
21 and SHJ,051,199 for 1919-20. Chapter 73 authorizes the Governor
in Council to raise and adll to the consolidate'd fund an anlount of
S21h,112,
35 ,vhich had hpen authorized hut not horrowcd in 1919-20.
.Among the larger appropriations ".ere
27 ,O
l ,737 for pensions,
48-
611,077 for a loan to th(' Canadian Northern Raihvay f'ystcln, ;:;50,017-
000 in connection ,vith the Soldier Settlement Act
,
34,000,000
in the main estimates for 1021 and
8,993,8()8 in the
Upplf'lnentary
e,;;;timates for 1019-20 in connection ,vith soldiers civil re-estahlish-
ment and S38,4ü3,400 in connection .with delnobilization. Chapter

714

LEGISLA.TIOJ.V Af-lD PRI]\.CIPAL EVE..VTS

36 anlends the Business Profits "r ar Tax Act by exempting froln tax
profits ,vhich during the year 1920 do not exceed 10 p.c. of the capital
employed; upon profits exceeding 10 p.c. up to 14 p.c. there is a tax
of 20 p.c. of the profits; from 15 to 20 p.c., a tax of 30 p.c.; froln 20
to 30, a tax of 50 p.c.; exceeding 30, a tax of 60 p.c. In any business
,vith a capital of $25,000 to $50,000, 20 p.c. taxis charged on the alnount
by ,vhieh profits eXt'eed 10 p.c. of capital; this shall also apply in
respect of the profits earned in 1917, 1918 and 1919 on businesses having
capital less than $50,000 if 20 p.c. or nlore of such profits have been
derived frolll business carried on for \var purposes. Chapter 44
alnends the Custonls Tariff Act of 1907 by exempting certain books,
\vriting appliances an.d book materials from custon1S duties. Chapter
-15 authorizes the raising of a loan under the Delnobilization Appro-
priation _\ct of 1919 of $340,000,000 in excess of the alnount author-
ized by the .Act. Chapter 49 an1ends the Inrome 'Var Tax Act of
1917 in the follo\ving particulars: (1) empo\vering the Ininistf\r to
determine deficits and losses; (2) taxing dividends or shareholders'
bonuses; (3) taxing inrome froln an estate or aecunlulating on trust;
(4) illcreafiing by fi p.c. tax and surtax on incomes of
5,000 or Inore;
(5)requiring that one-quarter tax be for,varded ,vith return, the balance
Jnay be paid by 3 bimonthly instahnents 'with interest at 6 p.r.;
(6) Ìlnposing severe penalties for default. Chapter 52 amends the
Inland Revenue Àrt in minor partirulars. Chapter 71 alnenJs
the 8pecial 'Yar Revenue Art of 1915 by imposing a stalnp tax on
bills and notes, bank statements, overdrafts, bank cheques, sale or
transfers of stocks etr; also by imposing ne\v excise taxes on certain
classes of goods, ranging from 3 p.c. to 50 p.c. according to use or
value of the goods, and specific duties on certain fluids. In addition,
a tax of 1 p.c. is imposed upon ,vholesale and manufacturers' sales.
Chapter 10 anlends the Customs Act.
Agricul ture.-Chapter 3 amends sections of thp A.nilnal Con-
tagious Diseases _\.ct, while chapter 28, entitled the Honey .Act, 1920,
provides against adulteration of honey. By chapter 40, a Canadian
'Yheat Board is established to ronsist of not n10re than 12 11lembers,
of ,vhorn the chairman and assistant chairnlan are to be salaried Inen
and the other nlembers are to be indenlnified for tlH
time and
expen:-5es incurred in the business of the Board. 'The duties of this
board are to make investigations respecting supplies and marketing
of ,vhea t. I t has po,vers in respef't of the delivery, purchase,
storage, transportation, etc., of ,vheat) to supply seed grain and to
control by license and otherwise the export of flour and the handling
of ,vheat in Canada. The Board has also po\vers to make re-
gulations respecting; the appointment of representatives, in Canada
or overseas, to authorize the engagelnent of elnployees and such
other regulations as are neces
ary in ("onnpf'tion 'with the carrying
out of the Act. ehapter 47 reg;ulate
the sale and inspection
of con1mercial feeding stuffs, bran, shorts, middlinp.s and chop
. feeds.

])() \I 1.\ /0.\ I..E(;[8/.t 1'/0.\", l!J.!O

713

Trade and Con1n1crc
.- Ch
tpt('r 3-1 :,ul1('nd:-\ the." Bankruptcy
A.('t hy ({{'fining ,vhat con
titute...; a <!(\btor and ('rpditor ".ithin th0
lllt'aning of tIll" ... \et; by J!.iying prf'ccùenl'P to rp("t'iving on Ie 1':-\ and
a

il!nnlent.... oypr attaehnH'nt
. cXel.ution
, t.tc..; hy deelaring void
(.onveyaneinp-, l'tC., of property whieh would giy<, OIlP ert'ditor pn'fer-
elH'e oyer oth('rs; hy r(\gulating, thp di:-\trihution of estate' of
bankrupt after uotil'C'; h
. providing that thp pro('ppd
of a joint
('
tate
hall apply to joint debt.... and of :..;('paratt' C':o\taÌ('s to
pparat..
debts; hy 1)J"(':.wrihin
l)t'llaltie
for incurring dC'ht:, of
.)()O or oypr
or pn
ag,ing in hu
int':-\
\lnd('l" a d(\('pptivp nalllP hy an undisehargl.'d
hankrupt.. Chapter ;
5 aUlt'ud.... thC' Boards of 'fr:ulc' .\("t by Yalidatin

t hp :l:-\sof'ia tion of an
. nunl!;('r of l)('rson
not l..

than thirty illt('n':o\tpd
in trade as u board of t radt\ :-;u("h pf'r:"lon:o: to fon\ ani a. 1l1l'Hlorandulll
of agr(\{,IIlC'nt to tIt('
p(-rl.'tary of
tat('; any l'xisting hoard of tradC'
Illay apply for adn1i:-\
i()n undf'r thi
_\c't. (\vpr
. board of trade' i:-i
to tilp with the
l'lTPt:lry of
t:tt(':l
UlnIHary I"l'})ort Ill'iorp JUIlP 1
of l'aC'h y<,ar. Chaptl'r 53 :tIlH'nd:-\ thp IIl....I){'(.tion alld
a10 A('t in
1"(':,I)('('t to thl' Illarkpting ûf fruit and I)('rril'
. (,haptc'.. 14 :111H'IHls
th.. Loau ('olupanip:-\ .t\c-t of IUI-I b) rl'quiring an in
pC't"tion of tlU'
('ondition of loan ('olHpanip
anù a ft'port of t ht' rpsult..; of in
pC'('tion:--:
by t hp
\ll)('rintplldl'nt of I n
UralH'P. Chapter 21 :t1lH'tl(b t 11(' Tru:-\t
COlnpanip-4 \('t hy r('quil'ill
a
ilnil:lr in
pe('ti{)n and rl'port by t h..
:-\up('rintpndl'nt of Ill
\lranC
in the ea
(' of rrnl:,t ('olllpanips.
Civil Service. - ('haptl'1' 7 :llllelUb thp Civil
('I'yi(.(' 1 ll:-,ural1C"P Act
h
. e\.tl'ndin
authorit
. to in
urc tù per::;on:, in the navy, by ÏtH'I"l'u:-,ine.;
the nun
inHlnl :1I110unt of in
u rall(.t' froln :-':>,ono to
10,GOU and hy giv-
ing additional }>In\"er to Inakp l't'gulatio1\-4. Chaptl'r g anH'uds th0 Civil
Kpryil'l' Sup('rannu:1 tiol1 ant 1 }{ptil'l'nlpnt _ \ct by in("r<'a
illg f rOlll
.t p.c. to 5 p.c. tl'p rate of int('r<'st on :Ullounts f('
cr'.cd for or trans-
ferrcd to the cre(lit of c:ll'h }1cr
un in the retire'lnpnt fund. Chapter
41 :llllPIHl:-\ tl ' (' Civil
0ryil.c Act of 1918 and t he Civil
l'rvi('e \Illl'nd-
Inent .Act of 1010 by providing that the tC'flIl of tplIIporaryenlploy-
nl(\nt out:;idp of Canada :::,hall hc ÐO day::;; hy providing that thp Ci,.il

ervant ,,-ho rp:oo:ignl'd and w('nt ún active war "';f'rvi('(' ov(\r
cas
hall
be ('ligiLle for reappointnlent 011 thl' :-\
tlary fl'Cl,ivpt! at the tilll{, of
rt>:--ignution or the nlÌninlunl salary of 1 i
elu:-\:-\, whi("hpvcr b(' the high('r;
hy dc('laring telnporary pmployee:-: ineligih10 for increase; by ratifying
the clas
ification of the Civil Hervie(\ ,vhieh i
dppmed to have conIC
in to forcp on &\ pri) 1, 191 Ð, except that tho:-\('
inct' IHOIJloÌ<.d shall he
entitlpcl to thp :--alary to ",}lieh pronlotf'd; abo pcr:-\ons elllploy('(l
a t prevailing rat('
or who ha y(' f(,tirpd arl' not entitlpd to the rc-
troactive effect of the Act. 1'he _ \('t also redu('(':-\ thp nUln h0r of Civil
Service holiday::; to eight in addition to Sundays and tl'e daY:4 set.
a:--:iùe hy prorlanwtion. ChapÌ('r H7 pro,.ide:-; for thp retir('nlcnt of
officers 55 year::; of age and over and tho
e und('r (j;") who are not render-
ing efficient
('rvic(', buch per:;ons to ha,.p the right of app('al and an
r
o{ficpr is to have :10 days notiee: offiepr..; uf -1.3 to ."jH ,vho have served
over 20 years and of no vear
,vho have
ery('d 10 years shall receive
an nnnuàl retiring allo,,-:{nce of 10-()O of average an
nual salary durin

716

LEGISLATION AND PRL.VCIPAL EVEl"1TS

the last 3 years of service and 1-60 for each additional year but not
exceeding in all 30-60 of such average salary; officers ,vho have served
5 years shall receive (a) if over 55 years of age an amount equal to
one .month of his salary for each year of service up to 8 months of
salary, (b) if 50 years of age, 1 mon'ths' salary for every 2 years of
service up to 6 months salary; (c) if 45 years, one month for every
4 years up to 4 months' ;5:tlary; thesp payments may be incre
sed in
cases of dbmbilitie
. The Act remains in force till July 1, 1921.
Currency.-Chapter9 amends the Currency Act of 1910 by setting
the standard for gold coins at 900/1000 and changing that of silver coins
from 925 /1000 finenec;
to 800/1000. The standard ,veight of silver coins
of one dollar denon1ination is set at 360 grains and other coins
in proportion; silver coins heretofore struck are to continue eurrent.
Elections.-Chapter 46 is cited as the Dominion Election Act.
Among; the most inlport
nt of the 101 sections cont
ined therein are
the follo,ving: 4, forbidding anonYlnous printing of literature relating
to elections; 5, forbidding companies to contribute for election
purposes; 11, forbidding non-electors to canvass; 12, forbidding the
gratuitous conveying of electof:3 to polls; 13, forbidding payment
of expenses, ,vages, etc., to electors; 15, requiring enlployers to give
employees an hour for voting; 18, abolishing the office of Clerk of the
Cro,vn in Chancer:v; 29, regarding the qualification of electors ,vho
must be British subjects male or female, 21 years of age, and resident
in Canada 12 months and in the electoral district 2 months preced-
ing the writ of election and ,vho in case of naturalization nlust be
naturalized in their o,vn person; 30, regarding the disqualification
to vote of judges, chief electoral officers, inmates of certain institu-
tions and perf'ons disfranchised or ,vho are .
pecifically disqualified;
35, declaring ineligible as election officers parliamentary members,
clergy, judges, crÏIninals and aliens. Indi
ns ,vho served overseas may
vote, if not otherwise disqualified.
Health.-Chapter 27, respecting food and drugs, defines adul-
teration and misbranding of food and drugs, and requires that British
standards of strength, quality and purity prevail if other standard
is not named; it also provides for analysis and inspection of food and
drugs and en1 po,vers the Governor in Council and
linister to nlake
regulations relating to the carrying out of the Âct. Chapter 31 alnends
the Opiuln and Narcotic Drug Act, makes provisions against irnproper
use and sale of such drugs and makes it illegal to sell for use of or
adlninister to a child under t,vo years any remedy or preparation
containing opium, morphine, heroin or codeine.
Indian Affairs.-Chapter 50 amend
the Indian Act, enlpo,vering
the Governor in Council to establish day schools and industrial or
boarding schools, to transport children to schools, to pern1Ït the chief
and council of any band to inspect the schools; to make attendance
cOlnpulsory for Indian children 7 to 15 years of age and to appoint
truant officers; the alnendment also elnpo,vers the Governor in
Council, upon report of the Superintendent General, to enfranchise

nOJ! I S ION LHr;1 SL.l TI o
v, 1920

717

Indian:'\ Inale and fCIHaie oyer 21 years of age nnd upon enfranchi::se-
Juent to is:::,uc lcttcrs pa.tent for their land; India.ns not Inelnhers of
hands :lIHl nOlL-trC'aty Indian
nlny ab.o be enfranchis:cd. Chapter
51 provide
for tlH
8cttlelH('nt of difff'reIH'c:-,; bet\\.(,(,ll the Govern-
luent::ï of the l)olninion and 13ritish rohnnbia re:-\pccting Indian.
Lands and certain othC'r Indian afT:lÌrs in ]
riti..:h CohnHhia, giving
powcrs to the C:'ovC'rnor in Conneil to
('ttle th('
(' ditIerence:-;.
Justice.-Chaph'rs lb anù 6
tllnend the ltoyal Canadian

Iount('d Police _\.ct, chaptcr lö tran
ferring to the COlluui':>::,Ìoncr
of the 110yal Calladian
Iount('d Police the pU\\.er:-, hprptofore v('st<,d
in the CUlllllli:-\",ioner of j)olllÍnion Poli('<" and providillg for pelbioning
of a constable if infÌnll aft 'r t '11 yt'ar:3' :-\crvil'p. Chapter 2-1 aln('I1<18
thp I'rcnch 'C'r:-\ion of the Crinlinal COdl
. C
haptl"r 43
unel1ds the
CrinÜnal Codp, :Hldillg to the li",t of ilHlil'tahlp offt'llees the earryillg
of fireanns \\ ithout pcnnit, the
'cluctioll of
irl::; Letwecn 16 and 18
yearB or of fenlnle elllploycl..') under 21, ,yhilp the penalty of ,,-hipping,
is
Hlded in the ca
e of rapt', and of inlpri:-\oIlIlH'nt for five years in
the case of
educing girls 1-1 to 16. Chapter 2H alllends the Exchequer
Court Act ,vith rc:,pcct to the constitution of the court, thc po\vers
of pre
ident and judge, etc. Chapter 32 :ullcnds the Supn'llle Court
.Act, giving the Suprcllle Court an appellate civil and crinlÌnal juris-
diction throughout Canada. App<,als 111ny hc 111ade to thi
court
ordinarily frolll court of last rc
ort but al:-\o frolll other court
with
their consent or ,,-here the nuüter in controycrsy involves ovcr
2,OOO.
Chaptcr 56 nmcnds the Judges ..\ct. 'fhe detinition of judge is Inacle
to include a pr(\:,idt'ut of a ("ourt. 'The sa]ari(':-; of thp judl!e
of the
buprelne f'ourt arc to he b15,000 to the Chief Justice of Canaùa and
812,000 to the five pui
ne judge
; that of the President of the Ex-
chequer Court of ranada is to be' ""'10,000 and of pui-;n(' judge
9,OOO;
the salaries of the Chicf Justice of the
uI>erior Court of each province
is to be $10,000
lnd of pui:"lle judges ::;9,UUO; the salary of the judge
of the Tcrritorial Court of the 'Yukon Territory shall be ;00;7,000. A
Canadian llleulber of the Judicial COllnnittee of the Privy Council is .
paid not to ('xceed
3,OOO travelling and Jiving expenses \vhile in at-
tendance. The yearly salaries of Circuit, County and District rourt
judp:es are raised hy
1,OOO.
Lands.--Chapter 11 alnends the DOluinion Lands Act by pf'rmit-
ting the i
:::,ue o'f letters patent" here :-,ettler has no adequate kno\vledge
of Englbh or Freneh, but has cOIn plied with other conditions; it also
provides that unsold portions of a quarter section of school lands
after valuation by an official of the Department of the Interior and
becolning availahl(' Jllay be sold to the registered o".ner of the portion
already disposed of.
Labour .-Chapter 25 anlends the EmploYluent Offices Co-
ordination ,Act by requiring any person or firm under penalty to
make a written return of infonuation necessary to the carrying out
of the Act; also by enlPO"wering the :\linister to set aside out of
monies allotted to a province SUlns for the maintenance of employ-
ment offices ,,"here the province fails to set up such offices, such sunlS

,

......

718

LEGISLA.TI01{ A!{Ð PRI

CIPAL El"EÁYTS

not to exceed half the cost of nlaintenance. Chapter 29 amends the
Industrial Disputes Investigation .Act of 1907 by defining
Tho shall
be signatories to applications to have disputes referred to Boards
and to statutory declarations accompanying theln; in the case
of trade unions the two officers \vho are to be signatories must be
authorized in \yriting by a majority of the union members affected
and if this authorization is obtained by a vote at a lneeting, such
meeting shall be called on not less than three days' notice and the
vote shall be by ballot; enlployer and empl9yees shall give at least
thirty days' notice of an intended change of condition of employment
\vith respect to \vages and hours, and in the event of a dispute arising
froIn this the relations of the parties nluRt relnain unaltered pending
proceedings before a Board. The
1inister lnay, on or \vithout appli-
cation, order a Board or recomlnend enquiry.
Mining.-Chapter 17 alnends the Petroleum and Naphtha Inspec-
tion Act by increasing the test. Chapter 42 ratifies Orders in Council
respecting Director of Coal Operations, continues the po\vers and duties
of the Director and ratifie.s orders issued by the Director. Chapter
72 alnendR the Yukon Placer l\lining Act by authorizing the Gold
Conllnissioner to grant leases to prospect for placer mining in the
ì
ukon for one year, rene\vable for two additional periods of one year
each; the rental of the tract to be $2.5 a mile or fraction thereof;
the COlnlnissioner is authorized to extend the time for doing duties
on the tra
t till July, 1022, if the holder is a di
abled returned soldier a
Railways.-Chapter 39, referred to as Canadian K ational Rail-
\vays Act, 1920, authorizes three lines of railway, one froln Prince
Á-\lbert, Saskatchewan, northerly, one from the main line of the
Canadian National Raihvays northerly to l\1
eting lake and one
south \vesterly from a point on the 1\Iaryfield Branch; Chapter 65
anlends the Raihvay _\.ct of 1919 by excepting; certain railways
froln those deemed to be \vorks for the general advantage of
Canada. Chapter 66 amends the Raihvay .Act of 1919 by extending
certain po\vers to Board of Raihvay COlnn1Ïs
ioners \vith respect
to fuel supplies. Chapter 13 confirms the agreement of l\1arch
8, 1920, bet\veen the Dominion and the Grand Trunk Railway for
the acquisition by the DonlÌnion of the capital stork of the said
raihvay except the four per cent guaranteed stock.
Reclamation, Conservation and Production.-Chapter 55
anlends the Irrig;a tion Acts of 1906 and 1908, making certain sections
, retroactive to 1894; one of these provides that grants of land are
not to include \vater rights and another that springs are included
in \vaters vested in the Cro\vn; the Minister may grant any applicant
the right to use irrigation works in order to secure a nlore equitable
or econolnical use of the available water supply when this does
not interfere with the use 11lade bv the owners of the works.
Chapter 57 forbids the manufacture Land sale of maple sugar and
syrup \vhich are adulterated or do not come up to the standard of
the Food and Drugs .A.ct, 1920. Chapter 60 alnends the North
W e
t Game Act, particularly by empo\vering the government to create
game sanctuaries.

I)()JllSIO
' LE(jl::;L
lTIU
', 1920

71U

Settlenlent of Returnl"d Sold icrs.-Chapt(\r 1 B tltnend
the

oldipr
ettleln('nt \.e1o of HHH by proyiding that "
('ttl('r" shall
inclu
h) l11alt' :,(\ttll'r only and by proyiding for r('quirin
additional
::) 'curity for adY
lI}('(':'; it also C'111pO,y("'r::; t he Board to vary tenns uf
paYIIH'nt:-; on uniBlprOycd lands and on
al(':-\ of
to('k and PquipBH'nt,
to d(\t('rlnlu,\ charapter of land and to rcquirc rppayulent on sa,lc

of
eccl grain anti f()ed or
ulvan('e=-, for taxl'S and insur:uu'(\. 'fhe

ettlcr iR requir ,<I whpn indebh'd to 1 h(' Boanl to in
ure property
in fayour of Board. Chapter 31 provide:-\ for th{' in::;uratH'f' of returncù
:::;oldier::; up to Sppt. 1, 1 f):?2. 'rhi:-: contract of in
urance ùoe
not
n(",ct.,::>
arily require a lll(\di('al ()x:ullinat ion. 1'h(' 1110nthly ratps for

1,000 in:,ur:HH't.' payahle at d(':Lth for u. I)('r
on 1b y('ar
of agt' are

l .04. for life and pro tata a('('ordinf! to thl' ngp or th(\ nUluhpr of y{'ar

for ,,,hich payaul('. 1 f a hPIH'fi('iary 011 t IH' dpat h of t lw in:-\urpd
i...: putith'(1 to a p('h
ion t hp pr( :"'t'nt yalue of the p<'n:-\ioll:'
hall be
dpduC'ted frolH th(' hpnpfit p:\
rabl(' and thpr(. :-\hall h(\ rctuflH'd to the
hl"'lH'fÌeiary t h(' proport ion of t 1H' pr('lltiulll
paid (\\ it h intp1'pst at
-1 p.c.) ".hich thl'
Hnount of the ::,aid dpduetion is of t h(' total alllouut
a
:-,ur('d. '1'h(' in:-:ur:1I1C(' i", una:-,
igJlahlt' and not liahl{' to t'r('ditor
.
Shipping.- Chapter
) anlpnd:, th(' Canada
hipping A('t with
rc:::-pcct to rpquir<'lllf'nt
of ('prtifi<'ate;-; of :-\pryiep a
nl:lstprs and
Illat('
. Chapt('r ü aIH('nds thp Canada
hipping ..\.('t by pn':-\crihin

rul('
and rep:lllatioll
rp:,p('('tin
:-\t<':lInbuat in
ppetioll; it al:-\o proyide':'
for a Yl'arly duty to 1)(' paid hy tht' OWIH'r of ('ypry :--te:uHhoat ft'gi:4f'rpd
in Canada. Chapter 3
alnend
thE' t ianad:l
hippin
Aet re:,peeting
si('k and distt'C':-\:-ied Illarincrs, ('IIlTH)" ('ring :\[ini
tcr to rcnt and equip
preluÍsf's for ho:;pituls and luakp proYbions for t
l(, telnporary care
of distft'
"l"d
panlPn; IU:lst('rs luay spnd
ick 1l1ariners to any luarine
ho:-:pital ".hf'rc thpy
hall he rf'('()iYl'd gratuitously; a
:;i
tance luay
also be rendered to
hipwr('('k('d or di:-\trt'

ed :-\e3Inen. Chapt(\r 70
lay
do,vn conditions 1.1IH1C'r ".hif'h assi...:tance Illay be given for th('
huildin
in (ianada of ve:-\
('l:-: of 3,000 tOilS or oYC'r.
Treaty with Bulgaria.-Chaptl'r ! carric.:-: into eff('('t the
treaty of peace bct'"een Canada and Bulgaria.

Iiscellaneous.
Chapter 1'> ('onfirn}:-\ an agr<'()IUent bC't\\ ecn
tht.) ])olninion and the Corporation of the City of Otttl\\"a in re
pf'et
of th(1 continuation of certain paYIHents Inad(' by the GovernlIlcnt
to Otta".a city; by thC' Act the (;OyprnIHC'nt a
r('e::; to pay
75,OOO
annually for 5 years fronl July 1, 1910, \vhich ".ith )L
O,OOO
annually for 10 years granted in 1019 to thc Otta""a Improvelncnt
COlll111i:-.:",ion is ucc(\ptC'd as puynlent in full for the ""ater supply
and for ""atC'r
prinkling, fire protection, etc., for governnlcnt pur-
po:,es; the Government al
o agrees to nlaintain and keep in rppair
eertain hridges and side,valks, and to he subject to local improvement
rates. The provi
ions hy which enlploy<,es of the Govcrnment
,yere exempt from income tax by the Corporation are cancelled.
C'haptpr lß anl("'nd
the
Iint .A..ct by increasing the yearly payment
for defrayinp: the expen
('s of the nlint fronl :0..110,000 to
200,000.
Chaptpr 20,
ection 5, sub
eetion 2, anlends the Technical Education

,

720

LEGISLATION AND PRI1\YCIPAL EVENTS

Act of 1919. Chapter 30 amends sections of the Oleomargarine Act.
Chapter 33 amends the Admiralty Act by empowering the Governor
in Council to appoint deputy judges. Chapter 59 revives and
amends the Naturalization Act of 1914, authorizing the Governor in
Council to revoke certificate of naturalization in certain circun1-
stances and on report of Secretary of State; it also provides that no
certificate may be issu
d to enemy subjects for 10 years after the ,yare
Chapter ß2 amends the f'ension Act, providing that pensions be a'ward-
ed on recurrence of an injury or disease and that pensions shall be
a,vard
d to In
nlb(\rs of th
force ,vho have suffered fro In disahility
according to their places in 20 classes of disability and 10 ranks.
Class 1 or total disability dra'ws a p
nsion from $600 a year and
$300 (if resid
nt in ('\anada) bonus and $120 bonus (if resident
outside of Canada) if in the rank and file up to $2,700 if of a
rank above naval captain or military colonel. .An additional
pension of $300 is granted for totally disabled married men and
$180 for one child, $144 for a second child and $120 for subsequent
children. These also are graded according to 20 classes of disability.
In the case of death the ,vidow or dependent parents of a man in
the rank and file receive $480 pension and $240 bonus. Chapter
64 amends the Post Office Act, increasing the maximuln registration
fee fronl 5 to 10 cents. The rate on ne,vspapers issued less frequently
than monthly are increased; papers, etc., issued not more than once a
week are carried free of postage within an area of 40 miles from place
of publication; if translnitted a greater distance the rate is increased
from i to ! of 1 cent on January 1, 1921, and after January 1, 1922,
to Ii cents. Chapter 69 amends the Salaries Act and the Senate and
House of Comlnons Act, the Prime l\Iinister to receive $15,000 a year,
the other ministers ::510,000 a year, 'while the solicitor-general receives
$7,000; Speakers of both Houses receive
6,OOO and the Deputy
Speaker of the House of Commons $4,000. The sessional alluwance
is increased to $4,000 a session. The Leader of the Opposition receives
$10,000 in addition to his :sessional alluwance.
PROVINCIAL LEGISLATION, 192ft.
The following are all Acts of the Provincial Legislative ì3essions
held bet\veen January and l\iay, 1920: 10 Geo. V (New Bruns,vick,
Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatche,van, Alberta and
British
Columbia); 10-11 Geo. V (Prince Echvard Island and Nova Scotia).
Acts Arising out of the War.-In Ne,y Bruns,vick, chapter
23 requires the producing of his certificate of disc-harge from a soldier
before he is registered as a voter on a 111unicipal election; chapter
47 entitles. a returned soldier to a free lot of land in the Bluebell
Tract. In Ontario, chapter 16 amends the Returned Soldiers'
and Sailors' Land Settlement Act by nlaking regulations for hearing
and determining complaints of settlers, and providing for grants
for the relief of needy settlers; chapter 29 amend::; the Soldiers' .A..id
Comlnission Act by providing for the shelter and aid of soldiers'
children. In l\lanitoba, chapter 125 amends sections of the Soldiers'
Taxation Relief Act. In Alberta, chapter 4 amends the Soldiers'

PROV/Á\ C/
tL LEG/SLAT/O.V, 1920

721

IIolHP "rnx EXPIHption .Aet of 1 DIR. In RritÌ:-\h Cohunhia, ('haptpr
b4 alllelHl'5 ::; 'ctions of the Soldier:,,' IIo1)l{\stead Repeal Af't; chapter
85 anlPIHlc; bections of the
oldÌcrs' Land Act.
l\griculture.-In Prince 14:(hnlrd I
land, chapter lô providh
\ for
annual
rants to duly or
allized agricultural in
titut('s; it al:-\o author-
iz('
scttin
apart annually a
11l1l110t exef'eding
5,OOO for th(' paYI)1f'nt
of grant:-- tu duly organL
f'rl ngricultur:ll
ocietips. I n .Nova Scotia,
chapt<'r :r; :-\et:-\ apart annually a stun not exeeeding $20,000 for the
paYlncnt of J.!;rants to duly or!!:lI1Ïzpd agrieultural
oci(,tif's. In X e,v
Rrun
wick, chaptf'r 81 authorizes th(' agricultural
o('iety X o. 41 to
issuf' d('hf'nturf'
and thp to\vn of 'Yootlstock to guarant('p thp ::;aJ11P.
In QU('Uf'C, chapter 2,,) fix{'
thp value of thp shar('
of co-operative
agricultural as
ocia.tion;:, and prp
cribes liIllit..; to the nUlnber of

hares allotted to e
lrh Il1enllwr; it also })n.srribt'\::, rules ".ith rcff'rpnec
to r('prf'...:enÜltion nt Illf'f'ting" of thf' as:-\ociations and to th(' spnding
in of statelucnts of slu'h a:-\...:ociations. ('haptí'r 122 authorizps the
dirf'ctor.... of "La 8o('iété Coopérativ(' 6\grieolp dt's }trolnng-Pf'ì de
QuélH'c" to ehangp thf' llanlf' of the so("i(,ty to "Coopérati\.C' Cplltralp
d('s _\gric 1 1lteurs de Quéhec," fixe
the capital of the soc'icty at not
le

than
1,OOO,()UU divided into ten-rlollar
harc
, and prpscrihps
regulatiollR rf'ganling
har('
,
toek, and the pligihility of I1H'11l1>prs
and defines the=' po,v('r::; of the society to earry on trade, propaganda
nnd í'ducational puhlieation
in connl'etion ".ith ngricultur<'. In
Ontario, chapter 28 nnH'IHl:-) th(\ ....\gri("ultural
oeif'ti(':-; ....\('t in anth-
orizin
luunicipalities to pas
hy-Ia \\"S for ('OI11I11on use of huildings
or Inunieipal property; chapter 54 authorizc
the province to as
i
t
eo-operative as
oeifition:-; in lIlarketing (.l'rtain fann produrts hy
llleans of a loan not to excef'd fifty }wr cent of the valuC' of the propf'rty
on \vhich the loan i
nlade. In :!\Ianitoha, chapter 1 anu'Dds the
....\
ricultural
ocieties Act hy enlpowf'rin
the societieR to horro\v
Bloncy for the purpo:-\es of thc soeipty and in orcl('r to
ecurf' the
repaynlent thereof to pledge the property of the society; chaptf'r 13
enlpO\Vers nlunicipalities to horro,y Inoney for puhlic purposps.
In
a
kntche"'an, chapter 9 d('fines the activities of the Dcpartrnpnt of
AgrIculture; chapter 34 provide8 rclief in local inlprovClnents districts;
chapter 45 amends the ...\
ricultural Hocietic
6\.ct re
pecting the nUlnher
of directors of a Society; chapter 4G is connected "with the nlanufncture
of dairy product
; chapter 17, ,vith the restraining of animals running
at large; chapter 51, ,vith the licensing and regulation of produce COln-
Ini:-\:-\ioll luerchants; chapt
r 52, ".ith the purchase and
ale of ep-gs;
chapters 58 and 72 ,,"ith the alllcndmpnt of the Act respecting the

askatchf',Yan Co-operative Elevator and Creameries COlnpanies
respectiyely; chapter ü;") :lIncnds the li'arn1 Inlplelnents Act of 1917;
chapter 4
anlcnds the Xoxious \\
eeds
-\.et; chapter 49 provides
for the payment of certain ,,"olf bounties. In Alberta, chapter 4
nlnends the ....\gricultural Societies Ordnance, particularly in regard
to governnlent grants. In British C'olulnbia, chaptpr 3 amend
the
A.gricultural Act of 1915 by providing for grants to Fanners' and
1S427-46

722

LEGISLATIO
V A
VD PRINCIPAL EYE_VTS

,V o III en 's Institutes and by nlaking regulation
to govern associa tion:--.
holding government loans.
Forestry.-In Ne,v Bruns"rick, ehapter 30 alllends the Forest
Act of 1918, by regulating the exanlÌnation of forestry officials, by
appropriating; a SUln of money to lIJ{-'et expenditures in carrying out
the Act and by imposing a tax on timber license holders. In Quehec,
chapter 21 nlakes regulations in respect to tÌInber cut \vithout per-
nÜssion; chapter 24 anlpnds the .A.ct of 1919, adding articles referring
particularly to the seizure of tÌInber cut ,vithout pern1Ìt. In British
Colulnbia, chapter 44 or thp Forest
\IÌlendment. Act, 1920, increases
the forest protef'tion tax and Inakes regulations governing licen
p:-;,
royalties, timber .
caling, etc.
Buying and Selling..-In Prince Echvard Island, chapter 11
regulates the nature of partnerships, the relations of partners to
persons \vith ,vhom they deal and to one another, the consequenees
relating to the dissolution of partnerships, the registration of co-
partnerships, and the effect of non-registration; chapter 13 regulates
contracts in relation to goods in the possession of agents and others,
the dispositions by lnercantile agents and by
ellers and buyers of
goods and the transfer of titles. In Ontario, chapter 40 or the Sale
of Goods Act, 1920, codifies the law relating to the sale of goods.
Among the Inany provisions of the six part
of the
\.ct may be lnen-
tioned the follo\ving:- .
(1) Obligation on the part of infants or n1Ïnors and others ineom-
petent to contract to pay a reasonable price for necessaries sold and
delivered to thpln; (2) Legality, subject to the provisions of the
-\.ct
or any Statute, of a eontract of sale in \vritin
, or by \vord of lllouth
or partly in writing or ,vord of mouth or by ÌInplication frolll the
conduct of the parties; but if the value of the goods is forty dollars
or more the sale shall not be enforceable unless the buyer shall aecept
part of thE goods or has cOlnmitted hÌInself by some ,vriting relative
to the pureha
p; (3) AgrEen1e:r.t of sale to be void if goods contracted
for perish through no fault of the buyer or seHer oEfore risk i
trans-
ferred to the buyer; (4) Regulations as to 7 C01\'DITIO
'S (the breach
of \vhich renders the whole sale or contra
t void) and 4 'VAR.R.A
'TIES
(the breaeh of \vhich renders the parties liable to dan1ages, but does
not render the \vhole
ale void) implied in a contract; among the
e
then' is an in1plied COXDITIüN that the seller has a ri
ht to :sell the
goods, and an iUlplied \VAR.RANTY that the buyer shall enjoy quiet
possession of the goods and that the goods shall be free frolH any
charge or incumbrance in favour of any third party not. declared
or kno\vn to the buyer ,,,hen or before the contract is Blade; (5) \Yhen
goods are sold by a person who is not the owner and ,vithout. the
consent of the o,vner thp buyer acquire::; no better title to the goods
than thp seller had; (6) The provisions of the Åct do not apply to
bills of sale, mortgages, pledges, charges or other security.
In Manitoba, chapter 41 amends the Farm ltnplements Aet by
rendering void at the option of the buyer the sale of :--econd hand
ilnplements represented as ne,v. In t;askatche,van, chapter fi.=)

PH 11X('I.t/.. /..fXaSI"AT/O_\, 1.92U

723

a l1H'nd
the Fann hnplt'llll'll t:-: .,.\.et of 1 n 17 by' pro\.idil1g t ha taIl
hlallk
in ("on1rad:-\ 111\1:-\t bp fillt'd in in handwriting; ('hapter 52,
alllon
other thing!:;, prohibit::; dea!pr::; frolH
pl1ing P1!g-; unfit for
hunu1I1 U
l'.
.\ssessnlcnt.-In Prinn. Ed,ynrd hdand, chap1pr
or tlH'
Taxation \("t, provÌd(':-\ for tht' }HoYÌncÌal tax:ltion of all real ftnd
p('r
onal property and iIH'OIlH'::; not Jo'})t'('ifil'ally (,Xf'1l1ptpd, al:-,o of loh:--tf'f
fa("1orit'
and ('annt'ri('.
and c(\rtain l'orpora1ions; thp ra1l' of ta
atÍon
of rpal and }wr:-:onal prop('rty Í:-\
ppr ('pnt of a
:-\('

('d \ralu('.
I n the (':."(' of in("olll(,
, thp ratp Í
1 per ('('nt on 'c
UO or undpr and
1
- on oypr ...:.")00 up to l,{JOO, 2 per rPHt on inrolJlC:-\ 1!n'atpr than

1 ()OO up to '2,O()(} and :-\0 on, in('rt'a
in
hy"
p('r ('('nt for (,\rpry

1 ,000 until tilt' ilH'ollle rp
H.h(':-\ :-,û,UUO, tlH'n iIH'f(,tl:-\ing by" th('
alll('
inrrl'IHent for PYf'ry "':
,(JOO iIH'r('a
(' uf in('olllP until
12.()OU i
rf'al"}wd;
on Ì1H.OIlH'S
12.000 to
1;j,On() thl' ratp i
7 ppr ('pnt; frolH ="L),(}OO
to :-.20,000, b per el'ut and on ÌIU.OIlH''';
r('atcr than :-.\20.000. 10 }>l'r
('('nL I n Nova
('ot ia, ('haptl'rs 01, 62 and ö;
rrITH'nd ('prtain not
\"('r
r illlportant dptails in ('haptt'r .), of IOlð; ('hap1('r Rt l('
alizps
thp a";-';t':-\:-\IH('nt rolls for th{' year; chapt('r I,") 1 al:-\o rpf('r:-\ to a
:-\p:-\
n}('nt
roll
and rhaptpr 1
1 rplat(.:-\ to the a

(.

Il)ent of tht
E:t:4 Coast
Fi:-\hprip:-\ PrOd\H'f' COn1I>an
. In :\P\v nnln:-\wi('k. ("hapt('r .) rplatp:-:
to thp itnpo:-,ition of ('l'rtain taxps upon
u('h in("orporat<'d coulpanies
a
insurancp, tru
t, loan or building, ('xpr<'
:-\, tplephollp and :-,trect
raÌI" a

("()nlpani('
. In QUt'he('. ("ha pt('r 2;
an1PI1<I..; t h(' H('vi:-\pd Hta tutp:o-;
of IDOU, n':-\peetill
ta:\.('s upoll.("orporatioll
, ("olnJ>anie
, partner:-\hips,
a;:,
o{'intions, finll:; and per::;oll;j. I n Ontario, ('hapt('r û3 filnf'nds the
.\:--:--p:":-\I1H'nt Al.t. partieularly "ith r('fprf'n('(' to pX('Jnption from
taxation of )wr:-\onal Ì1}(.OIl\(,:-\ of hOll:..:pholdprs up to
2,OOO in city
or town or :-.1.7uO ('l
ewhprf' and of non-hou
('hold('r
up to .1,000
in to".n:-\ [lnd
S()O (,I:-\l'\vhpre; of inrolnt'
fronl inve
tIIlcnt np to
soo
wllPre t}}(' total ilH'OIl)e dot's not ('x('('('d :-' 1,.=100, of ;-0.200 on }wrsolluJ
ineolBc,;:: for cyery ('hild under 18, and of the ppn:-:ion;-. of re'Íurned
:--uldif'r..;: rha pt ('r 64 aut horiz{':-: rounf'ils to CXPlll pt frolI1 taxation
frolH 10 to 2.) ppr ('Pllt of th(' a
:-\(,

l'd valup of in}J>ro\"(,1l1('nt
, ill('Olne
and hu
inc...;
a:-:
'-';"';Ulent th(' fir..;t vcar the h\"-l:nv he('oln('
into
('ffert Hnd fronl y(\:Lr to year thcr('afte
a furthf'r
ìdditional perccntagp
(10 -2.=)) until thp ,,"hole 01' a fixpd portion Ì
l'Xf'1l1ptpd frolH taxation;
the councillnay al-.;o decre3
(-, cxelnption
frolH year to year at the
:-\
une ra te a
t hf'v ,,-cr<' increased until thf'v havp been rellloved:
('haph'r 11 adcI:-\ t
thf' li
t of place:-\ subj('("t
to alnUSl'IIlf'nt tax any
hotf'l or other plae(' whpre dan('es are held and an ('ntranf'f> fpp is
('hargl'd or farilities for dancing are proyidcd or a perfOrIllan{'e is
givPll during the
(-'ryic(' of r('frp
}lInent:,. In
Ianitoba, ("haptpr 3
anH-'nds the ÅJllu:-\eUH.'nt:-\ rraxation Aet partieularly hy rf'quiring
a df'elaration froBl thc owncr of eycry plaee of alnU::;CffiPnt regarding
thp prire of adn1i:-\
ion to nnd the daily attendanre at Bueh place of
alnu:-\(,llH'nt; ehaph'r 12,:) al11<'I1<I:-; the Soldier:-\ Taxation Rt'lief ...-\ct,
in
on1(' slnall details. In Sa
katche"?an, chapter 28 alllend
the
Arr('ar
of 1'ax{':-;
\.et, partieularly by elnpowering luunieÍpalities to
Ih427-461

724

LEGISLATION AND PRI}..TCIPAL EVENTS

sell land for arrears, by public tender; chapter 38 amends the School
Assessment Act in some minor particulars; chapter 6 clarifies an Act
providing for the taxation of persons holding or operating tin1ber
areas. In Alberta, chapter 13 amends the School Assessment Ordin-
ance by extending fuller powers for school taxation; chapter 24 alnends
the Tax Recovery Act. In British Colulnbia, chapter 89 anlends
the Taxation Act with regard to certain definitions and exen1ptions,
also by providing that land . held under agreelnent of sale from the
Land Settlement Board shall not be assessed as ,vild land until
after one year from the date of agreelnent; chapter 90 amends the
Anlusenlent Tax Act, imposing a tax to the province equal to 10
per cent of admission, and in addition authoriziI1g a municipality
tax to the same amount; chapter 91 amends the FoIl Tax
\ct by
authorizing the inlposition of a poll tax up to $5 on every person
\vho has not paid this amount on property.
Child Welfare.-In Nova Scotia, chapter 45 alnends the
Children's Protection Act of 1917, by freeing children in an institution
froIn obligations to attend religious services of a different faith.
In Ne\v Brunswick, chapter 22 alnends the Children's Protection
Act of 1919, in a fe,v minor details. In Ontario, chapter 29, cited
as the Soldiers' Children's Protection Act, 1920, authorizes the
Soldiers' Aid Commission to exercise the functions of a Children's
Aid Soriety ,vith respect to children of returned soldiers. In 8askat-
che,van, chapter 83 gives a legal standing to iller itiwate children
whose parents subsequently marry. In Alberta, chapter 12 flives a
Children's Aid Society supervision and manapeITert of children in
any Inunicipal shelter during the pleasure of the council; it also
forbids the adoption or en1ployment of children under ß years of age
,vithout the kno\\'ledp:e and consent of the Superintendent of Neglected
and Dependent Children. In British Columbia, chapter 2 requires
the consent of the court to the adoption of an unmarried minor,
this consent to be obtained by a petition to the court, notice of
\vhich must be.served on the
uperintendent of Neglected Children.
ProductiQn and Conservation.-In Prince Ed,vard Island,
chapter 20 is an Âct to encourage the discovery of oil and natural
gas. In Kova Scotia, chapter 12 provides for the encouragement
of making iron and steel froln native ores ,vi thin the province,; chapter
79 amends the Galne Act of 1919. In Ontario, chapter 97 amends
the Ontario Game and Fisheries Act; chapters 01, 92 and 95 amend
the ...\ct protecting beaches, sheep and bees respectively. In l\Iani-
toba, chapter 4 amends the AnÌ1nal Diseases Art; chapter 26 amends
the Drainage COilllnission Act by authorizing a COllln1Îssion to
reassess lands in drainage districts. In
askatche,van, chapter 84
provides for th(' formation of irrigation districts; chaptf'r 75 amends
the Reclamation Act by providing for an increase in the n1Ïnimum
value of improvements \vhich may be undertaken under the Private
Ditches Act. In Alberta, chapter 14 provides for the formation
of irrigation districts; chapter 15 Inakes regulations in connection
\vith the Lethbridge Northern Irrigation District. In British Colunl-
hia. chapter 16 provides for the con
ervation of useful dOlnestic

PRorIJ.. CI lL LEGISLATION, 19)0

725

.

tlninlal
; chaptpr Ix all1l'lHI:-- the ..Anilllais' rontagiouH Diseases
\.ct
hy rf'gulating the applif'atlol1 of thp tub(lr('ulosi
tl':-\t; thaptpr 24
alnClH.l
the I)raina
e, l)ykin
and DpyeloplllPnt \rt, particularly
by 1l1aking thc conllHi

ionf'rs of cycry di
trict a. Lody l'orporate
find politic.
Lahour.-Tn
o'a
rotia, l'haptt'r 201 providp
for thp inf'or-
porntion of tht, Xova
l'otia lIHlt'ppllC}('nt .Federation of Lahour;
ehnptpr 11 provid(;s for fixin
a 1l1ininnllU 'nl
p for ".olnpn Plllploycd
in fa('torie
and
hop:-\, appointin
a IllinlnHlIn ,vage hoard \\'ith }Jo\vprs
to el1quirp into aud r{'gulatp ,,-agC'::; and l'onditions in C0111l('ctioll ,vith
'wonu'll elllployeu5; ('haptcr 1
forhids PlnploYluent agpncie
to
eollp('t fl'l,...; eh:1 pter 4,2 :uHf'nd
thp 'V orknl(ln's \ 01l1})P Il:-\a tion ...\ct
hy }Hoyiding eOIHpt'n!':l tion in (':\:-\(' of dpa t h re
u1til1g fronl an inj ury
up to "100 for hurial and a nlollthly paynH'nt of '30 to sole depf'ndant
if a ,,,,ido,, or invalid ".idowPf. I n
f'w' l
runs" Íf'k, chaptf'r 12
anlf'IHI
t hp "'"orknl(lu':-; COIll}>l'n:-;a tion Aet of 1 n18 hy providing
for cOIHpen
ation for injurpd ,,'orkuu'n proportionate to the :unount
of e
lrnin
s lo
t through thp injury; in th(' ta
f' of clpath, hurial
C'X}>PI1Sf':-\ up to ;-..100 Hnd paynH'llt to wido\v or invalid \vidower,
if sole dl'}Jf'nÙant, of
30 a 1l1onth for lifp, ,vith an addition of
7 .50
per 1110nth for {'very ('hild until Inajority is attainf'd. In QUf'h0C,
ehaptt'r 7:5 a IHf'n( b t hc "Orh..1l1f'n':-\ COllll>Pll:-\atioll A('t, f':-\IH'cially
by Inakin
a Blullicipal corporation liaLlf' undpr tll(' s:une conditions
a
,vould f('IHlpr n. contractor liablp; also in rpducing conlpl'n
ation
for thf' lo:-;s of the part of "av('
that (''X("('('d:-\
l,OOO. In Ontario,
chaptf'r 12 anlcnùs thC' '\"fiJ!.P:-\ Àet by proyidinJ! that 70 pf'r cent
of ,,'agc::; h{' c'Xclllpted froln d('bt unlpf->:"'I thi
anlount is proypd to IJC
unrea
onahle, "yhf'11 it i:-; ,,'ithin thf' pO'Vf'r of thp judg;c to reduce
the p('f('l'ntag(' of eX(,lllption; chaptf'r -13 anlcnd
the ,y orknlen's
rOlnpensation .\ct by in('rea
ing the luaxinluln allo,vance for burial
f'XPCI1SPS to ':' 12.") and t hp InaxilIlulll annual paYllH'nts to ".idon- or
ilivalid widowpr to {)ßj per cent of tlw IHonthly earnings, and for the
children undC'r IG years to "10 per child; chapt('r 86 amends the
Factory, Shop and Office Building ...\ct hy rf'gulating thp u
c of
eleyators or hoists to prC'yent a("("ident:-\ to pa
:-;f'ngers; chapter
87 provide:; for a Inininluln '''age for felllale {,lnployees and appoints
a board ,vith po,,-crs of inve
tigation and control; ('hapter 88 r('gulates
the hours of labour of PlllploYf'es of p<'flnanpnt fire ùepartInents.
In .:\Ianitoha, chapter 57 aUlcnds the Industrial Conditions Act
by providing for individual or collective haqrain het,vecn en1ployer
and elnployees; chapter 159 provides for cOHlpen:-\ution to ,vorklnen
for injuries in the course of clnploYluent; an important provision
of this
\.ct is that of forbidding under penalty an employer to require
or permit ,vorkmen to contribute in any nlanner to\vards ind
m-
nifying the ernployer for ".hat he has to pay in case of injuries;
in the casc of death the maximum allo,vance is
100 and a maximum
monthly payment of $30 to widow or invalid w'ido,,-er and $7.50
for each child under &16; for orphan children,
15 per month for every
child under 16 or until 18 if the board decides it necessary for the

,

726

L.JEGISLA..TIOÞ{ Al{Ð PRI...YCIPAL EVENTS

furthpring of ehild'
education; no cOlnppnsation is allo,ved dpppndants
resident in alien enemy countries; the con1pensation for total disability
is 66j per cent of the average earnings, but not le
s than Sf;6 a ,vf>
k,
except ,,"hen earning
are less than
5 a ,vepk; for partial disability,
56j p.c. of the difference het,veen former and present earnings; for
the purpose of creating and maintaining an accident fund the board
is r(:'quired to assess enlployprs; the principal contractor is to
he rpsponsible for payment by sub-contractor and the provincial
treasurer is to be custodian of all moneys; the ,vorklllpn are to be
entitled to conlpensation for industrial diRease; in case of insolyency
of PBlployer compensation is giyen priority. In Saskatchewan,
chapter 10 amends the Factorie:::; ...-\ct by bringing the existing la ".
into line \vit h thp orders of the IninillluIll \vag(' board ,vith respect
to the hours of labour for \vomen; it also gives inspectors thp po\ver
to stop operation of elevators \vhich arp defpctivp or \vhpre th
operator
is under 16; chapter 56 raises the status of the Bureau of Lahour
and Industries to a separate deparhnent in charge of a commissionpr
directly responsible to a l\1inister, and extend
its functions to includp
industrial developlnent; ehapter 78 extends the jurisdiction of thp
Inininlunl ,vage board to fpmales employed in restaurants and hoteb
and to the detenllining of the proportion of apprentices \vhich may
bp elnployed in any shop or factory; chapter 82 provides that no
debt due to an enlployee shall be liable to attachment except thp
exce
s of this debt over $75. In Alberta, chapter 3
amends thp
,V orknlen's Compensation Act particularly by elnpo,yering the board
to investigate employments and places of employment and determine
,vhether propf>r precautions are being taken against accidents and
disease, and to order installation of necessary deyices to this end;
in case of death fron1 injury the widow or invalid widower is to receivp
$30 a nlonth anù $7.50 for eaeh child under 16, to be increased to
$10 if orphaned, but not to exceed ::Þ60 for all the children; on the
marriage of thp wido\v the monthly payment is to cease and in lieu
thereof she is to be entitled to a IUlnp sum of $480. In Briti
h Col-
umbia chapter 105 amends the \V orkmen's Compensation Act
by Inaking certain increases in the compensation.
Highways.-In Prince Ed\vard Island, chapter 1, or the Road
Act, 1920, dpfines high\vay
, delegates to the Commbsionpr of Public
\V ork
the supervision and general control of the building and Inain-
tenance of highways, imposes a poll tax of $2.50 upon all males, \vith
a fe"r exceptions, bet\veen 2] and 65 years of age, for the maintenance
of publir roads, and in addition a special tax of 75 cents for every
horse over 3 years of age and $1 to $3 for every dog o\vned; in the
case of men over the age limit of 65 overseers shall have power to
sun1mon their horses and teams for the breaking of roads. InK e,v
Bruns\vick, chapter 20 provides for the construction and improvp-
ment of highways under Dominion aid (that is, undcr the Dominion
Act of 1919, granting to each province 40 per cent of its expenditure on
roads) by authorizing the borrowing of $350,000 in anyone year,
to be expended on roads. In Quebec, chapter 7 amends the Good

!JHO'"IS 'L\/J L'HG/:;/
..irIU_\, 1.920

7"27

1:0:U l
' Act of U'12. hy t'lll}Juw<'rinJ.!, the Provineial Trt"a
urt'r to pay
tht' l''\:pl'n:-\e
in('UITPd hy the J.\Iilli:-\tt'r of H()ad
; chaph'r.) }H'oyidps
for t ht' huilding of a bridgE' to l'olnpletP the
I ontreal-QueLec road;
C.h:1 pt ('r 2
alllt'nd:-: tlH.
:--t at u tt":"- rp:"}Jl'cting l'oloniza tion roads by
rt'quiriu1-, IHunieipalitip:-\ to rt'ganl road:, and hridgps huilt hy t hp
(:OYt'rnIlH'nt a
t'olonizat ion road:"l and to Inaintain such in tlw
aJne
IHannt'r:1:-\ otht'r roads. In ()ntario. chaptt'r 20 alHends tlw Tlighways
IlllIH'O'.Plll(\nt Act partieularly hy proyi(ling for tht' ('oll
titution of
a }>t'flluuu'nt fund for highway inl}HOYPllH'nt, and, in addition
to the' t'
i:-\till1-, f('ypnut' for thi
purpfJ
t', for th('
ptting rrsid<, for fiyp
Y<':U':-\ tht' :-:lllll of
;{,C()O.U('() lH'r allBUIIl: authority i:-\ ('onfprrpd UpOI1
tht' Ontario Railway and .:\lunicipal Hoard to dptprIniu(' disputp

O'
l'r highway... cr():-;
ing or fOrIning 1I1unicipai houndary lin('
; a town
or yillag(' i
('nahlt'd to f'ntpr into an agr('(\tHt'nt with a ("ounty for thp
ill1prOYCult'ut of :-;trcet" whieh forBl link
in t hp county :-\
.:-\tt'IH;
ehaph'r 2l pro,.i(h'
for thl' rl'IllOVal of ohstruction:, fronl puhlic
highway:::; and adja(.('nt land; ehapt<'r 22 :ulll'n(b thp Ontario IIip,lnnlYs
Art h

authorizing the (.ouneil of any towl1:,hip to appoint a road
OYt.'r:-=( ('1", iO IH'r (,Put of whù:5(, =--alary i:-\ to he paid by thl' provinee
for
ix ypar
;
2.00(),OOO i=--
('t .apart by t ht' proyiu("p for t he purpo
p
of Ina kin
loan
to towl1
hip
for road illl provPIHt'Il!:-\: (.lta ptt'r 2;

allH\IHb t he I royincial II igh ways Act by rpdul'ing t IH' :Ullount of
(.olltribution b) citi('
to provincial f'uhurhan roads frolll 30 io :!()
pt'r ("Put, tilt' :ullount of reduetion }wing a

lllllt.'d hy thp provinc(';
chapt<\r 2;) anlt.'IHl-; tht.' Colonization Huad:-; \.e1 hy l('galiÛng the
tran
f('r(,llt't' of thl' :l(hnini
trntion of th('
l' road:, fnun thl' ])('partIlH'nt
of I'llhli(, \\ ork
to tll<' J)('partllH'nt of Land:-\ and Fort'
t
.
In British Cnlullihia. rhapf(\r 32 :unen(b thl' IIighway
\.ct
rt.
p<,<.ting rihh t s of way of tr:t '.e'llpr
o\"pr pu hlir higln\
ays; it also
ela
:,ifip:-; highway:, as '.prilllary", ':-\('('ondary" and '.Io('al" and
pro,.idp:-: that the ('onstructioll and IHailltenalH'p of the' fir
t ela...s
rrrp to bt' borne, 7:> pl'r ('pnt hy thl' I)t'partll1pnt and 23 ppr cent
hy the nlunieipal t'orporation; of t h('
l'coIHI 40 pPf t"pnt hy thp
Dt.'partnH'nt and GO }><,r ("pnt hY' the eorporation and of the third,
entirely hy the corporation; the J)ppartlnent is enlpowcrcd to
rt\quirp proppr InaintpnalH.p of secondary highway
: the act also
l'lllpower.... the' provincp to enter into agrePlllPnt with tht' Dorninion
ré:,pecting bubsidiés to high\vay irnproveluent.
Prohibition and Temperance.-ln Ontario, chapter
o forbid

tran
l>ortatioll of liquor by unaut horized p(\rson
for :-:ale or con-
:-\uluption in Ontario. In :\fanitoba chapter 13,
anlf'nds the )Iani-
toba Telllperance -\.ct by clnpo\\"ering the pro,.ince to appoint vendors
to
ell in uccordant"{' ,vith thp .-\.ct :such liquor
a
art=' rpquircd for
luanufaeturing, IllPdieinal, Jnerhanical, scipntific and
acramental
purpo:-\p,,; the purcha
er fro III the vpndor is to F:pnd a record of thf'
purcha
e::-- to the in
pector evpry month; no pcrson is allowed to keep
liquor pI
{',vhpre than in his priva tp rpsidpl1cP; limitations are also

et to quantity" hich a phy
ician Inay prescrihe. In Alberta, chapter
7 tuuends the Liquor Export Act by forbidding the export of liquor
fronl thp province. In Briti
h C'olunlbia, chapter 72 ampnd:-; the'

728

LEGISLATION AND PRINCIPAL EVENTS

British Columbia Prohibition Act by limiting the quantities which
a physician may prescribe or a druggist may sell; chapter 93 provides
for a temperance plebiscite, giving the electors the opportunity to
decide bet,veen the prohibition Act and the sale of liquor by
government vendors.
Public Health.-In Nova Scotia, chapter 66 amends the Public
Health Act of 1918 by making each municipality and town respon-
sible for the expenses of the health clinics set up therein, and appoint-
ing a health officer; it also authorizes health authorities to enter
schools and carry out medical inspection of the children; it also
empo,yers a local board to use any available unoccupied house for
isolation purposes in the case of contagious diseases; it also authorizes
the province to set aside as a game preserve a watershed from ,vhich
a town or city derives its water supply. In Quebec, chapter 56
amends the Act of 1909 respecting venereal di
eases by instructing
the Superior Board of Health to give its attention to the protection
of the public against venereal diseases and authorizing it to appoint
a cOILmittee of three which may establish free dispensaries and
laboratories and pronlote an educational propaganda. In Ontario,
chapter 81 amends the Public Health Act by incorporating the name
of the Provincial Board of Health, by protecting ,vater supplies against
pollution and making health regulations in territory without municipal
organization; chapter 82 amends the Venereal Diseases Act by making
regulations ,vhere pen;on inspected is under sixteen years of age.
Civil Service Reform.-In Quebec, chapter 20 provides that
employees in the revenue branch of the revenue department shall be
deemEd to have formed part of the civil service from date of appoint-
nlent to .outside service. In Ontario, chapter 4 provides for the
establishment of a fund for the superannuation of civil servants
formed of éontributions frorn the salaries of the employees of froln 2t
to 5 per cent of salary and equivalent contributions by the govern-
ment, fund to bear interest at 5 per cent compounded annually;
every employee ,,-ho has served ten years continuously and has
attained the age of seventy or is retired for sonle other reason than
mi
conduct is entitled to superannuation allowance calculated upon
the average yearly salary during the last three years of service, but
not exceeding 1/50 of such nlultiplieù by years of service up to 30
years ar.d not to exceed $2,000; married employees are required to
carry life insurance to the amount of $5,000; retirement is compulsory
at
eventy and optional at sixty-five; over age employees ,vho have
been less than ten years in the service are paid a lump sum equivalent
to one-tenth Gf annual salary multiplied by number of years of service;
employees who are over age at the time of the commencement of
the Act and have served ten years are entitled to one half the salary
received immediately previous to superannuation up to $2,000.
In l\lanitoba, chapter 16 amends the Civil Service Act especially
by fixing the minimum and maximum salaries paid to the respective
classes ranging from $720 minimum and $960 maximum, in the
case of the lowest to $2,400 minimum and $3,600 maximum in the

PRorI
Y(,I AL LEG/SL.t 7'/OX, 19".0

729

('.lse of the highcst class. In
askatche',"an, chapter 8 alllcnds the
Civil
pryil.l" A,ct in a Ininor particular r

pecting the oaths of offiee.
In ßriti:-\h Cohllnhia, ehnptl'l' 13 anH'l1(ls thp Civil
{'rvice .Aet hy
giving the Police and Pri-.:ons l{egulations A.ct a precedence over the
Civil
{'ryi('p Act in the Blatter of ap})oinhHents to the provincial
poli{'{'; it nbo proyidC'", that tIt(' agf\ of a l"andida tt' t'haIl not lw a
bar to adlui:..:
ioll to an ('xan1Ïnation if tlH' puhlie inter<'st
rcquire
hi
bcrvices; it also providp
for ò:)llp<'I'tUlnuation of civil
ervants.
Ilousing.-In Qu{'bc<" chapt('r 10 an1('I1(1:-- the _\ct to proviòp
for t he ('on
tru('tion of "orkIH{'ll'S (h\ ('lling
and for advHIH'PS to
lllunieipalitic8 particularly hy luaking r('gula1 ion
r(':-\I>pcting apart-
nlent hous(;:..:; chapter 71 tUIH'nds the _\et to a
:-;ist in the construction
of dwC'lIing hou:-\fls in ('iti('
, to\\
n:-; and villages particularly hy {,11l-
po\vering the Coullcil to :..:('11 ilHIllovahlp
undl'r ('('rtain f'oJHlitions.
In l\Ianitoha, chapter 5:> :ullcnd:-\ thp U ruan ::\[unieipaiity Ilousing

\ct hy aut horizing tIu" provilH'c to raisp
1,OOO,O()O for houf'ing
purposes to he lent to IHul
i('ipaliti(':-:. I n Sa
katelH'wall, cha})ter 76

lIHend
the Urhan
Iunieipa1itr Jiou
ing _\et uy authorizin
the
proyincp to appl) to the ]}olllinion GOyernnl{'ut for loans up to

1,bOO,OOO, whieh I11unieipalities Illay borro,v for the purpose of
erecting dwelling
for ,,"orknleu, particularly returnpd ;:5oldicrs.
Single Ta}...-ln
askatehewa.n, ('hapt{'r 7 :unends the 'Yild
Land
'fax Á'\.rt hy a:,
ociating ,vith the ,vild land"" tax l'on}nlÌ:..:
iolll'r
for ad\'bory pur}>o
('=-, a ('onln1Ïtt('p of two, it al:-\o ('nahlC'
thp tax
conl111i::::
iollcr to fix the basis of yalue in rural Illunieipalities. In
AlbC'rt
l. chaptC'r 2:3 3.lIll"nd:-: the 'Yild Land:-: Tax ..Act in rHatters
conll('eted with di:-\po:,al of land:; forfpitpd to the vovernnl{'ut for
non-paY111ellt of taxes.
Yital Statistics.-In X ova t;cotia, chapter 7-1. arllcnds the 'Tital
Rtati:..:tics .Act of 1919 by authorizing tlIp division rc,Ú:4rar to pr(."pare
and sign a death certificatp in th(' ("a
f' of a dC'ath \\,ithout 1l1edical
attendance. In ::\lanitoha, chapter 14S an1elld
the 'Tital Statistics
Á\..ct by requiring th{' division registrar to transn1it on the fifteenth
of every IHonth to the nlÍlli:4er th(' original rpturns of the birth
,
nlarriages and deaths during the 1110nth prcceding. In Saskatche,vau J
chapter 11, the 'Tital btatistics ...-\.ct, 1920, createh a provincial organiza-
tion for ohtaining stati:-\tics of births, nlarria{;cs and deaths
under a COlnn1Ì::.;:::;ioner of Public IIca
th; all territory ,vithin
the province i;:5 to fOrIn a part of SOlne registration district and
the clerk or f'ecretary-trea
uf('r of every nlunicipality is to be registrar
of the sanIe; these shall nlake return:::; on Dccelnber 31 of each year
of the approximate number of people in their ré::,pective municipalities;
clergYluen are to record nlarriage
solclnnized and deliver the records
to registrar; physicians or nurser-- rnust FinÜlarly record births;
corpses may not be interred ".ithout a pcrnlÏt from the registrar after
a properly filled record has been supplied him.
Co-operation.-In Kova Scotia, chapter 38 amend!::) chapter 22
of 1912, "An Ac.t to further facilitate the incorporation of fruit produce
and ,varehouse a
sociations." In Quebec, chapter 25 amends the

730

LEGISLATIO
Y A
"v?D PRIl\1"CIPAL EYE!{T8

(1o-opel ative Agricultural A

ociations Act of 1919, by fixing the
values of shares in ne,vly organized associations at $20 each, no nlem-
ber to hold more than 100 ten-dollar or 50 t,venty-dollar shares; no
111eIllber is to be repre
ented by proxy at association meetings. In
Ontario, chapter 53 :ullends the Ontario (joIllpanies ....lct in respect to
the po,yers of the Provincial Secretary as to accounts of co-operative
cOlllpanies; chapter 54 is designed to as
ist co-operative associations
in nlarketing certain fanll products by PIllpo,vering the province to
Inake a loan of $3,000 or not more than 50 per cent of appraised
value of property to eaeh as
ociation, such loan t.o be free of interest
for t,vo years, after ,vhieh the rate of interest is to be 6 per cent;
the loan is repayable 50 per cent at the end of five years and the
reIllainder at the end of ten years. In Saskatche,van, chapter 58
amends the Act respecting the Saskatche,van Co-operative Elevator
Company, Linlited, by enlpo,vering the province to make loans to
thi
C0111pany for constructing, repairing or remodelling terminal
elevators outside the province; chapter 72 alnends the Saskatche,van
Co-operative Creameries, LiInited, Incorporation Act of 1917, by
lnaking the shareholders a body politic and corporate for the purpose
of constructing, maintaining and operating, etc., creallleries, chee
p
factories, cold storage plants and ,varehouses in Saskatche,van, and
buying, selling and storing certain perishable commodities; the
capital stock of the company is set at $1,000,000 ,vhich nlay be
increased on provincial authority and divided into 50,00p one-dollar
sharet; and 47,500 twenty-dollar shares, no person to hold more than
$5,000 worth (par value); the COIllpany nlay for the purpose of the
.A.ct divide the province into districts; the province is authorized to
lnake loans to the company up to 75 per cent of thp cost of a con-
struction, or, if the construction is for the benefit of a colony of
returned soldiers, up to the cost. In Alberta, chapter 17 amends the
.Act respecting co-operative credit by fixing a Inaximum to the rate
of interest on a loan guaranteed by a co-operative society, out of
,vhich interest one-half of one per cent is to be paid to the
ociety;
it also provides for a grant for the purpose of assisting in organization.
In British Columbia, chapter 19 is designed to facilitate the incor-
poration of co-operation associations and provide for their regulation;
nlÌnors are allowed to be melllbers but not officers; no limit is
et to
the nunlber of shares held by one melnber; under this Act certain
existing associations are deemed to be incorporated.
Corporations.-In Nova t;cotia, chapter 36 amends the DOlnes-
tic, Don1Ïnion and Foreign Corporations Act of 1912, by allo\ving
incorporated companies to exercise their function outside of N ov

Scotia, by providing for the registration of conlpanies and by defining
the functions which
hall entitle a company to come under this Act,
the onus of proof of the existence of such functions to be upon the
defendant. In Ke,v Bruns,vick, chapter 44 amends the Ke\v Bruns-
,vick Companies' ...\ct in minor particulars. In Quebec, chapter 72
authorizes letters patent to provide for the issue of shares without
nOluinal or par value except in the case of preferred stock; shares

rR(}lïX(,Ltl
L/
.(;["'ljA J'IO.\, U).!()

7:H

are to lw allottt'd at priel' fixed hy hoard of din'(.tor:-\ or Ipttprs patpnt;
a l"Olllpany :-:hall not hpgin hl1:-:inp;-:s or ine lr deht:-: until thp alllount
of capital :,tated ill th(' Iptters patent has l>t.'l\n fully paid; existing:
eOlllpanit's Illay apply for chartpr undt'r thp ..\ct; corporations without
:-:hart\ eapital Inay h
. by-la,,' providp for crpation of share eapital,
whi('h hy-la w Inu
t he ('onfirr}}pd by let t pr
pa tPH t; ClJlIl panips Ina
"
alllalgalll:lÌC'; eOlll P:ll.ÏC':-; Illay not ('onHIH'n('(' Opt'ra tioll
befon' 10
}>pr e'en t of all thoriíwd eapi tal ha:-\ l)('pn su h..wrihpd and paid for;
ehart('r to bC' forfpitpd if till' COlnpany d()p
not go into :tf'tual
h\lsint':-\s "it hin t }If(,('
('ar:-: aft pr it is
r:tll t pd: t }H
.. \ct IH.oyidt'S
t ha t t}lPrp hp no individual I iabilit
";. t hp liahili ty of sha rt'hold('rs
i:-- to hp lilllited to anlount unpaid on stoeh.; in t }H' ea"(' of prt\-
fprr('d :o:tol"k. llotict' Innst hp giv('n \\"ht'n pn,fpfl.pd sÌ(wk pUf(.haspd
by ('OlllpaH
rpa('ht':-' 10 per ('PHt of th(' (.apit:d :-:toek; no pn'fpr-
l'IH't' or priori t y to holder:-- of prefl'IT 'd st oek shall affl'(,t thp ri
h t:-\
of creditor:, of any eOlllpany; <Ii vidplHls art' not to in) pair (.a pi tal,
hu t lHay h(' paid out of n':,('rvp f IInd; t h(' (.0111 pan." :--ha II ha vp not
IC's
than thrpp din'etors; sharehold('r
in arrears arc not to votp
at lIlPl'ting
. In Üllt ario, ('haptPl' D :l1nend
tilt' Corpora t ion
1'ax
6\('t hy dpfinill
tht' Illt'aning of il1
Ul'alH'(' ('Olllpan.\r, and sptting
a tax on J.!,ro"" preluilullS; it al"'5o lay
a ta'\: on rac(' track
and
nl('etin
:;. In \ Lu1Ïtoha, ehaptcr 17 anlPlHI
the (
orp()ration Tax-
at ion . \ct hy Illaking eertain rl'
\llat ion:-; r(,
pl'('t ing t }}(> dpfini t ion
and taxation of hrokers. In
a
katchewan, chaptl'r 21 alllend
tht
Con) panit's .\.('t of 1 f)15, particularly ,,-it h re
pect to private ('0111-
panip:o: and IllPans hy which thpy 1I1ay writt' th(' puhlie to s\l},s('rih(
for t}lPir share:; or th,1 )('nturps; ('hapter 22, the Loan COlupanip:--
Act, pro\-ide:; for th(' ineorporation and organization of loan cOln-
I)anit's. I II British Colulnhia, ehaptpr 14 anH'nd
t h(' COIn pani('s
\et of 1
n 1 in rt'-"'l)('ct to annual gpnpral 1l1pcting:-;; also in rc
p('('t
to
1>('eially lill1Îted ,uining cOlupanit':-\.

llydro-Electricity.-In Xoya Beotia, chapter 7ü anH'nd'5 the
Hydro-Electricity Act of 1919 by r 'fluiring the cOllllni:-\sion to
('nd
in :t yearly report, al
o by granting certain gencral power
to the
rOlnnli....
ion, e
pecially that of al"quiring hy purcha:-::e or lea:-:c or \vith-
out eOl1
ent of o".npr, (.oal, peat, ga:" oil, lanò, ('tc., which an' necessary
for thp dpvl'loPllH'ut of thp hydro-l'lcrtrical industry; \\"11<'11 propC'rty

o takC'n i
found to l>p unnpet'''...;ary it shall revC'st in the per
on frOIl)
,vholH it wa
taken; intere
t is allowed on conlpcnsation in case of
delay unle
:; this delay is due to person entitled; chapter 1 U 1 exten<1

certain privileg
b to the
Ie(hYay Hydro-Electric Po,ver Company.
In Kew BruI1
5\vick, chaptpr 53 provide:s for the geueration and distri-
bution of l-'Iectrie power by enlpowering thp provincp to appoint a
COlllluission of three, one of wholn nlay be a n}ember of the executive
couneil, to hold office durin
pleasure and with fixed salaries; the
conln1Ïs:-:ion is given the usual power:-\ of expropriation of property,

732

LEGISLATION AND PRINCIPAL EVENTS

making regulations and appointments; the carrying out of the
provisions of the Act may be assisted by provincial loans. In
Ontario, chapter 18 amends the Po,ver Commission Act by giving
the commission powers in connection ,vith the carrying out of the
Act; it also renders the approval of the province unnecessary in
the case of certain contracts; it also makes provisions for the con-
struction and operation of distribution ,yorks in rural power districts;
chapter 57 amends the Hydro-Electric Raihvay Act of 1916 particu-
larly in connection ,vith the submission of by-laws, changing the ,vords
"majority of such electors" to "majority of electors voting thereon,"
it also limits the liability of the province on the bonds of the commis-
sion and declares that these bonds shall constitute a first mortgage
charge upon the raihvay. In Manitoba, chapter 35 amends the
Electrical Power Transmission Act by extending certain powers to the
minister in connection with development of electrica] po,ver where
municipalities do not take the initiative; it also renders the
J\lanitoba Expropriation Act applicable to this Act.
Municipal Affairs.-In Nova Scotia, chapters 50-60 amend the
l\Iunicipal and To,vns' Incorporation Acts in a number of particulars,
one of which authorizes the authorities of a town to pass over unim-
proved land to and fron1 the seashore to procure material for the
construction or repair of the streets; another authorizes the author-
ities to prevent persons under the age of fifteen from being on the
streets of a town after nine o'clock at night. In New Bruns,vick,
cha pter 59 amends the 1\1 unici pal De ben tures Act by fixing the
sinking fund necessary for debentures issued for a shorter term than
twenty years, which will be sufficient to retire at maturity not more
than one-fortieth of the capital sum of such debentures for each year of
the term thereof. In Quebec, chapter 12 changes the name of the
County of Ottawa, Que., to Hull: chapt(lr 84 authorizes the council
of a municipality to nlake loans (by 'which it does not incur a debt
of over
50,000) to assist drainage "york; of this loan from $50 to
$1,000 may be made to one farmer. In Ontario, chapter 58 amends
the Municipal Acts of 1918 and 1919 by fixing the time for nomination
and polling in cities ,vith over 200,000, the tenure of office of auditor,
the fees for weighing and measuring and the payment of councillors.
in cities of less than 100,000; chapter 67 amends the 1\lunicipal
Drainage Act particularly the operation of drainage ,york, the rights
and privileges of public utilities. In Manitoba, chapter 82 amends
the l\Iunicipal Act in reference to the rights of chenlÌsts or druggists
to be members of the council of any municipality; also to rights of
both husband and wife to vote on a by-la,,- if they hold property
,vorth $800 or more, also by permitting councils to pass by-laws
rendering assistance to public hospitals and by regulating the licensing,
etc., of commercial travellers; chapters 85-89 amend the J\Iunicipal
Boundaries Act; chapter 92 amends the l\lunicipal Commissioners'
Act and chapter 93 the 1\Iunicipal Hospitals Act. In Saskatchewan"
chapter 31 amends the l\lunicipalities Seed Grain Act of 1917, by.
declaring the validity of a debt incurred on the strength of a by-law
which has received the approval of the l\1inister; it also authorizes

PRU} I
YCI 1L LEGISLATION, 1920

733

thr advancing of seed grain to .\ tpllant evpn "ithout t hp approval
of thl' OWIH'r of l:tnd; chapter 32 authoriz('
lnunieipaliti('
to supply
Inat('rial for fencing purpo"e"; ehapter 33 enables Juunicipalities
to
rant rclicf othcr than luoney to fanners suffering fronl adversE
(,OIHlition
, aI:-\o to 10
all1l{'rchant
; chaptpr 34 provides for provincial
rplief in local illlprOVenu.'nt ùi
trif'ts. In Alberta, chapter 2H anlenùs
and consolidate::; the Act to :uneliorate the financial conditions of
n1unicipaliti('
;
haptpr 2n providr
for provincial f(,lipf to indiJ.!,Pllt
per"ons re
id{'nt within an illlprOVenll'nt di:-;t ri('t; ehapter 30
uuends
the l\Iunicipal Dbtrict _\.ct by defining o\\"ner, increasing po\\yers of
the net, providinf!. relipf to indi1!Pll1:-. and
i('k ])l\r
()n
, providinJ.!, for
the rt'covery of {'
pen:--:e:-\ froIll patipnt:-\ and for the f'quali/.atioB of
ai:)
es"Jnpnts; chaptcr 31 proviùes gOVt'rIHUPI1Ì guarantec for relief
exten(led hY' nluniripalitih': and nlah.(\
rf'gulatiun
a
to ho,y relief
advances
hall he f('('ovpred; f"hapt(\r 27 :unends t Iw .:\1 unieipal
IIospitals \ct; chapter 32 elllpo\\"er::; lllunieipal ùi
tricts to Lorrow
n1011PY on governlnpnt guarantt.e to
UI)ply

cd grain to spttlprs;
ehapter 1 f} alnend:-: tlw )I unicipal Trail In:-\uralu'p Aet, fixing the
indelllllÌty for total 10"::' and no indelllllity for 10"::; l{'

than 5 p.c.
of crop. In Briti"5h Cohllubia, chapter ö3 anlpnd" tlH' .:\Iunieipal
.Act a:-; rpgard:-\ the qualifications for nla
or, ald('rnlpn, rf'(,Vf', eouncillors
find voters on llioney by-hnvs; abo di:-\po"al of ::;inking fund
; also
regarding tax by-ht\\"s of 1920; chapter H-1 alnenùs the
[unicipalities
I lll.0rpora tion Act; ehapter ()5 provide::) for t h(' illl"orporation of
village InunÌeipaliti(\:-3.
Succession Duties. - In
ew Brun:-;wirk, chapter 16 alnends
the
ucc('
c;ion Duties l\.ct hy e
empting estates of a value not exceed-
ing :-..'),000. In Untario, f'hnpt('r 8 anu'IHb the Su("('(':-\
ion Duty Ã\ct,
placillJ! the duty on a
raduated
cale; ,,-here the property passes to
immediate relatives the rate is 1 p.c. on value of bet".een

5,OOO
and
;)O,O()O; \vhere thl' propprty pa:--::-\ps to other relatives the n1ininlum
dutiable value is :SlO,OOO and the rate. on up to
25,OOO is 5 p.c.;
".here the propcrty pa
ses to other' persons the nlÏnimum dutiable
valu(' is :';';)1000 and the rate 7! p.c.; thl':-.e rates increas(
"yith the
value of the property. In ::\[anitoha, chapter 128 :unends the
Succe;:)sion Duties _\.ct by fixing a graduated scale of duties for
increasing values of property and according as the property passes
(1) to Ï1nnlf'diate n:,lative:-;; (2) other relntive
; (3) other than relativeR,
the nlÌninlum dutiable values of property to the first of these being
S25,000-
,j0,OOO and the rate 1 p.c.; for the second, all property is
dutiable and the n1Ïninuun rate up to
23,OOO is 2 p.c. find for the third
all property i
dutiable and the nlÌninlunl rate up to 825,000 is 9
p.c.; the above rates increase ,vith the value of the property. In
Sa
katche\\.an, chapter 13
lInends the Succe:-;:-;Îon Duties Act of 1917,
placin
the luininlum dutiable value of property passing (1) to
imlnediate relatives at 10,000 and the rate on this up to :::;15,000
at ! p.c.; (2) to non-resident relatives at
5,000 and the rate 1 p.c.;
and (3) to other persons 10 p.c. if resident and 1 p.c. in addition
if non-resident; these rates increase w'ith increasing values of the
property and the bequests.

734

LEGISLA TIO
V A1YD PRINCIPAL EJ?E
VTS

Education.-In Prince E(hvard Island, ehapter 6 amends
and consolidates the several Acts relating to the public schools
by defining the con
titution and duties of the Board of Education,
the Chief Superintendent. and the In
pectors; by fixing the IniniInum

alaries of teach
rs at $600, $482 and $375 for males of first,
econd
and third dass certificates respectively, and $512.50, $425 and $312.50
re
pectively for females of the above nlentioned classes, providing
the av
rag
attendance at their :::;chools during the term for ,,-hich
:-,alary is clainled is at least 50 per cent of the ehildren of school age
within the school district; in addition to the above salaries, eyery
teacher is entitled to receive from the provincial treasury 50 p.c.
of the alnount raised for his support by the district up to $50; the Act
also regulates district assessln
nt, registration of school districts,
annual lneeting (3rd Tuesday in June), qualification and po,vers of_
trustees; Hchool privilehes are
o be extended to all residents froln
5 to 16 inclusive and to those over 16 if there is sufficient accollloda-
tion; the minimull1 age for teacher's license is set at 17 year
; no
teaf'h
r under 21 may
ngage, ,vithout the consent of the (1hief Super..
intendent, in a :3chool district in ,vhich he has been brought up; com-
pulsory attendance is enforced upon children bet\veen 7 and 13 years
of age; sf'hools are to be non-sectarian. In Nova Scotia, ('hapter
20 alnends the Act of 1900 for the education of the blind by providing
that thf' 8chool for the Blind at Halifax::;hall receiv
annuallv $200
from the province and $200 fronl the Inunicipality of resid
nee of
each blind person received into the school. In X e,v Bruns"Tick,
chapter 33 amends the School .L.\ct of 1903, regarding as::;eSSlllent for
school purposes; chapter 34 provides for increase in IniniInulll grants
to teacherf' and fixes the Ininin1uln salaries at $500,
ßOO and $700
according as district has valuation of under $20,000,
50,000 or over
$50,000; it also provides for county asspssment in aid of schools;
chapter 35 prescribes the number and maxiInum salary ($2,000)
and annual expensf' (
500) of srhool inspectors; chapter 62 provides
for the appointment of a director of vocational education. In Quebec
chapter 8 authorizes thp payment of
1,OOO,OOO to aid in the establish-
Inent of the University of l\Iontn'al; ("hapter 9 authorizes the creation
of five scholarships for post graduate ".ork in Faris; chapters 34, 35
and 36 make certain amenchnents respecting public instruetion,
particularly by authorizing s("hool cOlnlnissionprs to entrust other
persons than the secretary-treasurer ,vith the taking of the census
of school children; chapter 37 Inakes certain aluendlnents respecting
school taxes; chapter 38 provides fur the incorporation of
Iontreal
University to consist of 10 faculties and schools, and (1) affiliaÜ'd
schools (schools ,vithin the limits of the province accepting by-Iaw
,
curricululn and examination of the university as their o,vn), (.2) a
socia-
ated schools (differing frolll affiliated in that they are not situated
,vithin the province) and (3) annexed schools (,vhere the Uniyersity
Inerely approves thf' curriculum and by-Ia,vs and i
. represented
at the exanlÌnations); the 1Tniv
rsity among other privileges is exelnpt-
ed froln succession duties;" chapters 39-42 an1end the Acts re
pe('ting
technical school:5, providing for a director of technical education at

PR()\.lXCIAL LEG/J'iL.i1T/O..V, l:J.tO

735

a
alary up to "3,000 and to tak(' the placp of the in
})(.,(.tor-g; 'Hera}
of 1 l'ehnieal ('ducat ion. In ()ntario, chapter 102 provid(\:-. for t 11<'
<,:--;tahli:--;hnlpn1 of provincial t('('hniea} s("hools, tht' co:-:1 to Iw hornp
hv the J)onlÏnion GoV('rnllleut, t he Provincial (}overuluent and con-
t ;ihution
; ehapt('r 103 provid(':-: for the }>a:'.I11('n1 of
('holar
hi}J:-'
(
') 0(0) Hnnu:111y for po:-\t
raduat(' eO\lr:-:('
in FralH'p; ('haptpr
10-1 anH'IHls thp Indu:-\trial
('hool:-, \('1. In
lanitoha, ('hapt('r
:J 1
lInend
the Edueatioll })ppartnH'nt A.ct by l'onstituting- a "hoard
of rt'f('f('IH'('" to :H.t as an arhitrative hO:lrd 1)('1w('('11 tt':\eh('rs and
tru
t('(':--:. In
a:-\kateh('wan, ('haptpr
7 :tnH'IHl:-; thp Hehool \('t
('hi('fiy in r(':-\})('(.t to ('prtain by-1:.nvs; it al
o fixe's the InininHllll lc'ngth
. of
r(,Hrly vaf'ation:-, in rur:11 :llld village' di:-.trict:-. at 7 wt'('ks; chapter
:
ð all)('IHI
t h('
('h()ol A:-::-:(':-::-:nH'n t .. \('1 1):l rt i('ularly wit h rt'f('f('IH'P
to pt'nalti(':-\ for non-paynH'nt of taxt's; ('haptpr 3U al11t'IHh, tht' ðchool
(frant
..\.('t h:, providing J!,rant-; for lun(,}H'
(pn("ouragt'tHPnt of
hou:-\('hold :-\('iPIH.P) and tpaclwr'
rt':-\i(lpIH.('; ('haptt'r -to alHf"llds t h f'
School _\tt('ndaIH.(
_\et hy iIH'rpa:-\jnJ! penalti('
for non-attf..'tHlancp,
Inaking f'linht ("xtt'l1
ion
in th(, Ca
es for (.xt'lnption; ehapt('r i 1,
IU.ovid(':-\ for tht' erpatioll of :J seholar:-:hips (
1 ,200 PH('h) for
a:-\kat-
("hcwan "tudent
in Pari
; chapter 42 providp
for day and l'\"pning
\"O(,:\,t ional edueation; rhaptpr !3 J>rovide
for (l:--
i
t nIH'(' to the annual
vahH' of :-::2-l0 for t h(' ('du('atioll of
oldi('rs' d('p('IHknt ehildrt'n who
hayc attaincd a Inininnull .;:tanding f'qui\.ah'nt to (;rad(' YIII, the
a:-,
b.tatH'(' to t.xtend o\"('r a period of:J y('ars, hut not after thp applieant
ha:-: attaint'd univ('r:-\it:,
lIultrieulation "tanding-. Tn ..\II><'rta. c-haptt'f
1:3 anl('nd:-, the
ehool ordillanee, the' school a:-:SC"''''IlH'nt ordinanC'P.
th(' School
\.:--::>e::;
lnent and School
\ttpndancp 6\ctS, providing grant:-:
for :-:pnior rOOIl\
in s('hools, t h(' tpaehing of ("()IHIlH'reial, tt'C'hnif'al
or indu"'trial HI hj('('ts; al:-\o hy incrpa:-\ing the })('naltip
for non-
attendance at school. In Briti
h Coltnnhia. chapt('r .=)0 Plnp(H\.("rs
the provinep to f'xp('nd throu
h the f'uhlie 'Yorks ])f'partnH'nt
alllounts for the u:-\p of thp Cniver:-:ity of Rriti",h Coltllnhia, al"o to
('reate a university pndo,vuH'nt fund: chaptf'r b2 tunf'nd
th(' Pu hlif'

('hool .Aet hy r('organizing the l)f'partI1H'n t of Edul"a tion: hit h('rto
1 he ehi('f offiC'pr:-: of the D('partuH'nt C'on:-;i:-:tpd of :l eouneil of J>uhlie
instruction, eOlllposed of the Iuclnhers of the Executive Council,
and n
upf'rintendent, hpncpforth the DppartInent is to consist of
(1) a .:\Iini:-;tf'r of Education, (2) })('puty .:\Iini:-:tpr, (3) ðu})printf'IHlent,
(4) \. Council of Public Instruction (.onlpo.... 'd of the
Iini:-\tcr and
th(' other nlelllbf'rs of th
ExecutivE' Council; the Act al:-.o providr

for df'ntal trea tllH'nt of
('hool ehildrpll and for kindergartpll cla:-:ses;
it al
o authorizes board..:; to provide for thp conveyance of
('hool
children in any rural school district; it also provide
for the pstahlish-
Inent uf "eon1ulunity rural sehool di:-:trif't
" in ea
{':-; ,dwrp t,,
o or
Illore per:-\olls (other than Indian or nÜlitary e:-\tabli
:;}llnent:-;) an'
living under cOllununal or tribal ("ondition
as distingubhpd fr0l11
ordinary condition::; of fan1Ïly life; it ah,o áuthorize
the estahli
h-
111('nt of ('ollpgps in affiliation with the' C niversity of Briti:-\h COlulllbia;
it al
o
unends the ....ection relating to eompubory education by rpquir-
in
attendance of child.ren 7 to 14 year
of agt--' indusivf' for ev('ry

736

LEGISLATION AND PRINCIPAL EVENTS

school day instead of six months as heretofore; chapter 86 provides
for the establishment of a subnormal boys' school to which transfers
are to be made from gaols and children's aid societies.
Miscellaneous.-In Prince Ed,vard Island, chapter 7 increases
the salaries of the members of the Executive Council to $2,000 and the
sessional indemnity of the members of the Legislature to $500. In
Quebec, chapter 6 authorizes a loan up to $5,000,000 in aid of coloni-
zation: chapter 16 provides that prorogation of the legislature need
not be for a fixed day: chapter 17 fixes the salary of the prime minister
at $12,000 and of the ministers at $6,000; it also provides for the
telnporary transfer of the po'wers of members of the Executive
Council; chapter 21 defines the organization, po,vers and duties of
"The Quebec Public Service Commission": chapter 24 authorizes
the province to grant lands in exchange for those flooded by storage
dams; it also creates a Quebec Geographical Commission and
makes regulations in respect to timber cut without permission:
chapter 51 amends the statutes of 1909 respecting the preparation
and revision of jury lists and the a!lo,vance to jurors: chapter 57
amends the statutes of 1909 respecting the ,york of the inmates of
refornlatories and industrial schools, requiring a statement to show
the anlount produced by each inmate, this to go to,vards his main-
tenance and the balance to hi:5 credit: chapter 61 provides medical
treatment for indif,ent persons at the expense of the municipality
in which the person resides: chapter 63 provides that la,v students
who have been overseas may be adnlÌtted to practice after two
years in a la,v office if they ,vere admitted to the study in or prior
to January 1920, and have obt3,ined the degree of B.C.L. or LL.B.:
chapter 66 incorporates "The Corporation of Professional Engineers
of Quebec": chapter 79 gives the Court of I(:ing's Bench an appellate
civil jurisdiction throughout the province; it also defines the original
jurisdiction of the Superior Court and the ultimate jurisdiction of
the Circuit Court: chapter 81 m],kes it ille 6 al for owner or occupant to
allo,v a building to be used as a di:sorderly house: chapter 118 provides
for the incorporation of the Accountants' Association: chapter 141
provides for the incorporation of registered nurses in the province.
In Ontario, chapter 2 amends the Election Law especially as regards
the preparation of voters' lists: chapter 3 amends the Legislative
Assembly Act,
ranting extra allowances over and above sessional
indemnities to leaders of oppositions and opposition groups; also
appropriations for increases in salaries of officers of the assembly;
chapter 14 authorizes the minister to suspend the "l\:Ianufacturing
Conditions" so as to permit the exportation of pulp ,vood: chapter
15 alnends the Veterans' Land Grant Act; where the land granted to
veterans in the first year of King Ed,vard has passed from its original
o,vners and is held unimproved for speculative purposes and un-
reasonable prices this land is subject to inspection and where the
owner does not one year after notice become a bona fide user or
occupant, the land is liable to forfeiture to the Crown; the province
is also authorized to make regulations as to the duties to be performed

PRU1 lKCIA.L LEGISLL1TI0
Y, 1920

737

by the owner of :5ueh land
: chnpter 3H provides for h'gal pro-
f'P<lure in tlH' C:l:'P of ah:,pntees frotH tllP provilH'P ,\'110:-\(' ,,'hf'rl'-
about
aI"(' unknown: chaptl'r 38 extends and provides for the' tpr-
luin:\ t ion of the .:\Iortgagors' and Purch:-tsprs' HPlief \ct of 1 f) l;>:
chaptpr lb invalidates land surveys otlH'r thnn th()
e }>0rfornl('d by
an Ontario land surv0yor; it abo preserihp:-\ the duties of surveyors:
chapt<'r 31 rpgulatcs the practice of veterinary sci(,llce: chapter !)!)
:UIl('IHb the Ont:\riu [nsurann' Act, requiring a certificate froln thl'

upt'rintendpnt of Insuraucl' of evpry individual agent: chapter ö9
providps for the e
tahlislllnent and rp
ula.tion of puhlic librari{.s:
chapter b.> rpgulatps the purchase of n-.ilk and CI'(':ul1 In l\ranitoha,
('haptpr
3 :unends tIt(' \rauitoha EI('ction .Act, e
pecially ill providing
that the cle'tion of III 'Illber
for 'rinnipt'
he accordin
to the prin-
ciph.s of proportionnl reprt.':--t'n hi t ion and (}pfining t ht':'p prillciple

a ud t 11(. proeed urc at s\u.h 01<'ct iOIl:-\: ehaph'r :
8 re
ula t ('
and define's
the practice of the l'llgin 'cring" profe..;",ion and orl-!:anizatioll of PIl-
gine('ring; a

ociations: chaptPf 3.1 rt.'gulatl'
tht.' lict.'lh,iT1
of hotpl:-;
and I'e
t
i\ll':lnts: chapter ()7 provides that n IlH'llll)('1' for 1hp ..l('('foral
division of \filluipeg 1I1a)" he appoinh'd a
a IlH'IUbt'r of thl' .Exe'cutivc
Council ".ithout re-election; it al
o provid.
that tll('re t-'hall })(' no
\\Tit of election i
s\lpd for 'Yinnipeg until then> :In> at Ipit:,t two
vHeaneie::;: chapÜ'r 102 cOll
titute..; a force of poli(.c kno\vn as
"'T'hp .:\Ianitobu Provincial Police": chapter 10f)
un
nds the J{,ural
Cf('dits Ã\et hy authorizing th(' proyinee to Blak(' :ulvall<'('s out of
cOIl
olida ted rpYPllUe; al-:;o by luakillg certain illCr('ases: chaptpr 11 g
Plllp(HVerS thc province to horro,v Inoneys out of the s:tvillg
of
priyate pl'r
ons to provide for investmpnt of the savings of sueh
persons and to provide funds for rural credits, ('tc.: chapter 124.
allo,ys 111unicipal Councils to rcquire
hops to bp clu
cd on Thur
day
h(,twl'pn 12 o'clock noon and ö o'clock in the afternoon during the
,vholp or any part of the ye
lr: chaptcrs 1.>0> and 15ß amend the
'\ÏnniIwg charter, e
pecially by dcclarin
the ,vife or husband of
clectur qualified to vote, by à ne,y division of the city into 'Yards
and hy providing for proportional representation. In t;ash.atche,van,
chapter 19 constitute:; a police force styled "1"he Saskatche,van
Provincial Police," and provides for the divi
ion of th(' province
into police divisions: chapter 20 provides for arbitration and r('ference:
chapter 4-1 alllends the Legal Profession Act, enablinp: the courts to
deal ".ith cases of la,vyers guilty of Ini
conduct: chapter 50 provides
for the r('gulation of halls, theatres and cinell1atographs: chaptpr GO
3.111cnds the Slnall Debts Recovery Act: chapter G6 requircs the
:,ignature of the ,vife in the sale of a hOInestead: chapter 81 provides
for the attachluent of the good
of an abscondin
debtor. In
.A.ll>prta, chapter 11 consolidates and alnends the la,v relating; to
intestate succession, giving the husband or ,yife an equal right \\Tith
each child of the intestate: chapter 21 anlends the :\Iedicnl Profe:s::;ion
A.ct with r('gard to registration. In British Colu111hia, chapter 27
defines the qualifications of voters at provincial elections, excluding
18427-47

.

738

LEGISLATION AND PRINCIPAL EVENTS

ChinaInen, Japanese, Hindus and Indians: chapter 48 provides for
the licensing of real estate agents and salesmen.

PRINCIPAL EVENTS OF THE YEAR 1920.
The First Assembly of the League of Nations.-The first
Âsselnbly of the League of Nations, composed of representatives of
41 Inen1bers of the League, Inet at Geneva, Switzerland, from N ovem-
ber 15 to December 18, 1920. The Canadian representatives at this
first Asselnbly \vere the Rt. Ron. Sir George E. Foster, 1\linister of
Trade and COInInerce, the Rt. Ron. Chas. Joseph Doherty, l\1inister
of Justice, and Ron. N. ".... R,o\vell, I{.C., President of the Privy
Council. Sir George E. Foster acted as one of the Vice-Presidents of
the Asselnbly.
Since :\Iay, 1919, the League had been in being, and since
January 10, 1920, it had been in legal existence by virtue of the
entrance into force of the Treaty of Versailles. The Council of the
League had filet ten times and, together with the Secretariat, had
organized the League as far as possible and had done other work
within its competence. The AsseInbly now had before it the task
of completing the organization of the League, Inaking itself a reality
along parlian1entary lines, determining its relations to the council,
fixing its budget and dealing \,rith various questions incident to the
".orld situation.
The first meeting, presided over by IVL Paul Rymans, of BelgiuIn,
,vho ,vas also President of the Council, distributed its work aInong
the following six COInlnittees, the naInes of 'which will indicate the
agenda of the First As
en1bly: (1) General organization; (2) Tech-
nical organization; (3) Creation of a pennanent court of Inter-
national Justice; (4) Secretariat and Budget; (5) ExaInination of
application of ne\v admissions; (6) Reduction of annaInents, econ-
on1Ïc ,veapon and Inandates.
The e
ection of officers resulted in the election of 1\1. Guiseppe
l\1otta, Switzerland, as honorary president and 1\1. Paul Rymans,
Belgium, as president, together ,vith six vice-presidents elected b}
the general n1eeting (Yiscount Ishii, Japan;
1. Karnebeek,
ether-
lands; ::\1. f'ueyrredon, ..A..rgentine R,epublic (resigned and replaced
by 1\1. Blanco, lTruguay); 1\1. Benes, Czecho-Slovakia; Sir Geo. E.
Foster, CanaJla; 1\1. Octavio, Brazil; and six other vice-presidents
,yho, through being selected by the ComInittees as their Chairmen,
becanle ex officio vice-presidents of the Assembly. }\IIr. A. J. Balfour,
Great Britain; 1\1. Tittoni, Italy; 1\1. Bourgeois, France; 1\1.
Quiñones de Leon, Spain; 1\1. Huneeus, Chile; M. Branting, Sweden;
thus heealne ex officio vice-presidents of the Assembly.
One of the first discussions at a plenary session led to the adoption
of a resolution that the discussions and Ininutes of the comInittees
should be accessible to the .Assenlbly and published as soon as possible.
AnothC'r re
olution ,vas adopted requesting the Council to consider
means of securing greater publicity for the discussions and decisions.

'THE FIRBT .o1SSEJIBLY OF TIlE LEA.GUE OF .oVATIONS 739

l'hc e
istillb controver
y b0t"
een Poland and Lithuania was :Ullong
the first lllatters to "hich the publicity resolution ,vas applied.
The rerollullendations of the six COIJlnÜttees as adopted by the
.o\bselnbly, ,vhich ,vith the debates and adoption of resolutions con-
nected theff',vith, tOluprised the sum total of the proct'cdings of the
Fir:st
"elllbly, are sUlllnlarized as follo\v:5:
First rOllunittre on General Organization (Chainnan, 1\Ir. Â. J.
Balfour).-1.'he _\:-:SPDlhly. ,vas defined as the
oYereign but inter-
lnittpnt powpr of the Lpague, thp Council as the pernUlnpnt po,ver
and the
0cretariat-C
cneral as its pl'rInanent c'X0cutive organ. rI'hc
A.sseulhly, ".hich is to n1ee1. by right once a year on the first :i\IOllÙa.y
of :-\pptpndwr, shall he able to dc
ignate place of In('ptillg and ("hoose'
its prpsidput and vic('-pr('
id{'nts; it alonp is (,Olll}wtcnt to verify
the credentials of it.. reprpsentativ
s and shall <lra\\r its ag0nda. as it
,vi:-\he
. The (1oullril rarric
out the A

clnhly's functions ,vhile'
the \s
('rllhly is not in s('s
i()ll, Illay ('on\"pne and
Unl1l10U the Â
"enl-
bly, appro\" 's the ag('nda prepared by the Secretariat-General,
pre:o-ents its rpport
to the A:-.:::elllhly and nUtY intervpn0 in the c)(>hatcs
of the lutt<'r throu
h onp of it
IH(,IH1)('r
in ord('r to Iuuke an explana-
tory statelnpnt. rhe
ccretary-Gen('ral has to collect the opinions
of the..' )relnhers of thp Lcnp;ue rcg-..rding the sUDlITIoning of extra-
ordinary
(':-\:-\ions of the .c\:'
(,lnh]y and eOl1l1nunÎcate the order to the
differ('ut ul(,lllhers; prppar
the agenda, rpgister thp nanles of repre-
s0nÜltiYe
and
ulJ
titutl"s, present his re}Jort to the ..\s
enlhly and
execute the d('('i:-\ions tukpl1 eithpr by the A
sPIHhly or Council. The
t".o official languagps of the _\sselnhly arc to be Engli
h and French,
hut C'ach n1en1ber m..tY publi
h docunl
ant
of the LcnguC' in any
InnJ.!,uagc it think:-, fit, but at its O'VI1 expensp.
\ (
('n('rul Conllnittpc
of the A..."'euloly is fornlprl by the prc...ident and vil'e-prc:-5idents. 1.'he
Council and _\::,sf'mLly arc earh inve
tcd ,vith p
lrticular pO\Vf'r<:; and
duti(1s; Il{'ither hody ha:-\ juri:-;diction to render a dpcision ill a nlatter
('xpre
sly cODln1Ïtte(1 by thp Covenant to thc other, but either body
n1ay disCUb:5 and examine any Inatter ".ithin the competence of the
Leagup. Rf'pft'sf:ntatives r('ndpr thpir dcrisions as I'Pprescntatives
of their btate and have no other standin
. 'The Council, \vhich is to
report its "
ork yearly to the _'\.f'sembly, is composed of the permanent
111elubpr8 decided upon by the Covenant; viz., the United States,
Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan and four non-p('rmanent
IneDlbers selected by the Assembly froln time to tiIne for a period of
t".,o years, two
elected each year. ExperiInentally the first A:s:sembly
selected three European and A1nerican lnpmbers, and one Asiatic
:\Iember by secret ball01 for a period of one year, nan1ely Spain,
Brazil, Belgium and China. The First Committrr declined to reCOffi-
Inend :unendlnents to the Covenant but suhn1Ïtted Scandinavian,
Portuguese and o"ther alnendments to a conlmittee of the Council to
be considered before the A
sembly
ession of 1921 (o,ving to the
pO'3tponelnen t of nmendnlen ts, the ....\.rgentine repre:-:entatives with-
dre,v) .
1S427-4ïi

740

LEGISLA.TION AJ.VD PRINCIPAL EVENTS

The Second COllllnittee-on Technical Organization (Chairman,
::\1. Tittoni, I taly)-laid do\vn t\VO principles, (a) that the interior
\vorkings of the various organizations should be independent, (b)
that their relations \vith the Inembers of the League should be under
control. It proposed to set up immediately three technical organiza-
tions; (1) An Advisory Econon1Ïc and Financial Conlmittee; (2)
An Organization for Comn1unication and Transit; (3) An Organiza-
tion of International Health. It \vas resolved to sunlillon a general
econonlÌc and financial conference in 1921 with po\vers to constitute
the Econon1Îc and Financial Committee ånd to invite nlelnbers of
the League to send repre:sentatives to a general conference on
freedoin of cOlnlHunication and transit to meet first at Barcelona and
subsequently to be convened by the Council of the League. It wa

also reCOlnnlended that the judicial functions of the League respecting
transit should be vested in the Permanent Court of International
Justice and that until this Court \vas ready to deal \vith such disputes
they should be brought before a Court of Arbitration to consist of
one representative of the plaintiff, one of the defendant and one of the
League of Nations. It also reconunended an International Health
Organization to advise the League of Nations, to bring H,(hllinistra-
tive health officers of different nations into closer relationship, to
organize a 1110re rapid interchange of information, to furnish a ready
organization for securing or revising necessary international agree-
Inents for administrative action on matters of health, protection of
enlployees against sickness, disease or injury, etc. This organization
,vas to consist of (1) a General Committee, (2) a Standing COl1l1nittee,
(3) an International IIealth Bureau \vith headquarters at the seat of
the League. The Committee also advocated an organization to
control the traffic in WOluen and children and in noxious drugs, also
organizations to encourage intellectual labour, the rescue of children
affected by the \var and a campaign against typhus.
The Third Committee, on the creation of a permanent Court of
International Justice (Chairman, 1\;1. Bourgeois, France)-The Coun-
cil in February had convened a comn1Ïttee of jurists to prepare a
draft scheme for a Court of International Justice. This Committee
met at the Hague and produced a proposal \vhich was for\varded to
the Council and approved with certain modifications; it then came
before the Assembly and was given to the third committee, who
nominated a subcoDllnittee of ten jurists, five of \vhorn had already
sat on the committee at the Hague. The result of these conclaves
was the conception of a permanent International Court above
and outside political influences. The League of Nations is to estab-
lish the Court and dra\v up its constitutional rules after \vhich the
Court is to be independent. The non1Ïnations for the personnel of
the Court are to be left to the national groups of the Hague Court
of Arbitration already existing, four candidates to be included in
each national group. The Court is to have the assistance of special
technical advisers to sit with the judges but not to vote. The thirù
ComnlÏttee left the juri
diction of the Court where it ,vas placed by
the Council, cases accepted hy both parties, but left the \vay open for

THE FIRST lSSF11fBLY OF TIlE LEAGUE OF NATIO
VS 741

thp introduC'tion of cOlllpubory juri
di{'tioll. 'Tht' Htatutt' C'on
titu-
tin
t hp ('ourt wa
to Le sulHllitted hy tlH
Council to thp InPlnhers of
thp Lpagup of Xations for ndoption in the' fOrIll of a proto('ol duly
ratificd and dedaring their recognition of this
t.atute. A\S
oon a:3
this protocol had becn ratificd hy the Inajority of the nleulhers, the

tatut(\ of thc Court \vould f\Olne into force und the rourt called to
act in all disputes between the Incluhcrs ".hieh have ratified as \vell
as het,,-een the other
ta.tes. 1'he protocol ".as abo to relnain opel1
for
ignature hy thp
tates 111cntioncd in the annex to the Covenant.
1'he }
"ourth COllllllittpp - Secretariat and Budget (Chainnan,

I. Quiñones de l..eón,
pain), (1) requested the Council to appoint
a cOIJllnittet"" of experts for preparing a thorough report on the

e('r{\taria t; (2) rpquestpd preparation to" ards c
tahli:5hing an equit-
able Illethod of appoilltin
financial quota
. ,An illYe
tigation of the'
ppr:--onncl of tht' becretarÌat and l..nhour ufficc:-,
how 'd that Ih
natiollalitip:; W('l"(' r('pre'-\entt'd in tht' forme'r and lß in the latter.
rrhe trnure of offi 'e recolllluended for the staff appoint('d by the
bPf\rctary-Gpll{\ral or the Director of the International Labour Office
".a
five :rl'ar
or Inore.
\ list of tll('
e, f"hO'wing nationalitip
and

a.larie
and allowallce
by ela...;..;el;;, is to he puhli
}l('d yearly and
infoflnation rcgardinp: vacanl'Ìps is to be nUlcIe as puhlic as po

ible
Tilt' two hudget
of 1 H20 and tht' one co, pring the fi
("al year 1921"
,vere pas
ed. rIhe finaneial
tatelllelli for the first fì
.:('al pt'riod
:-\ho,ved .L:!
tl,079 expenditure and .f:179,02S incolllP (.Lll1,
33 notthell
rt.'cpivl'd); for tll(' sceontl fi=-:cal period tht. ]
udget "a:--- 10,000,000
gold francs, and for the third 21,250,000 gold francs.
The }iifth COIDluittce-on the \.dlllÌssion of Ke,v 8tates (rhair-
mnn, :\1. lluneeu
, Chile)-recomluended the adlnis:;ion of six new
States to InCIUherf:hip of the League, ViL., ...\ustrin, ]
ulgaria, Co
ta
H.ica :Finland, LUxclllbur
and Albania. Four other applicants-
Estllonia, Georgia, Latvia and Lithuania-,verp not granted ad-
l11i:-\sion to lUPIn bcrship of the League, hut "ere grantpd adnli

ion
to the technical organization on the
allle footing as the InelllhprS'.
The application of Armenia for Inelubership ,,"as postponed till the
next se
sion, "hilst those of Azerbaijan and the Ukraine \vere denied.
1"he Sixth COlllluittee-Reduction of AnnnnH'ntf:, Economic-
".eapon and )Iandates (Chainnan,
I. Branting,
'Yeden)-could
only nlake certain suggpstions on the question of armalnents, one
urging the e
tabli:-\ll1llent of an International Office of rontrol of the
trade in arIllS. On the que
tion of the economic \v(\apon the
.\
sPlnhly
\va
recon1111cnded to ask the Council to appoint an International
Bloekade Con1n1i
:,ion of not more than eight to report to the Council,
thi
Conllui
:3ion to have po".er to
unlluon experts for advisory
purpose
; half of the comn1Ïttee should represent statps ,,'hich have
not a ri
ht to pernlanent memhership of the Council. A\.::; ÎInmediate
steps the
ixth COlnnlÌttee recollunended the severance of all trade
relations and prohibition of intercourse ,vith covenant-breaking states.
On the que<;tion of mandates, seven recommendations to thc Council
were drawn up: (1) that thp Inelnhers of the )Ianrlatt's Comlnission

742

LEGISLATION AND PRINCIPAL EVENTS

should not be disnlÌssed \vithout the assent of the Asseulbly, (2) that
the Conlmission contain at least one ,voman, (3) that the )''Ianda-
tories be asked to present a report on the recent administration of
ulandated territories to the Comlnission, (4) that the Mandatories
should not be allowed to make use of their positions to increase
theír military strength, or (5) to exploit the natural resources of the
mandated territories solely for their o'vu interests; (6) that an organic
law should be passed in the uuindated territory and subn1Ìtted to
the League for consideration; (7) that future drafts of Inandates
should be published before they are decided upon by the Council.
(Agreeably to this a draft of mandate ,vas published by the British
Governnlent on February 1, 1921, conforming to recomlnendations
4 to 7).
The Assmnbly then passed on to discuss the plight of Armenia,
and passed motions that the Council arrive at an understanding with
governments with a view to entrusting a power váth the task of
taking measures to stop ho
tilities between Armenia and the Kenlal-
ists. The Council, in accordance váth the request, forwarded appeals
to certain countries, and cables were received from the United States,
Spain, and Brazil, declaring ,villingness to co-operate towards bringing
abou t peace in Armenia.
Ninth Congress of Chambers of Commerce of the British
Empire.-The ninth congress of the Chambers of Commerce of the
Empire was held at Convocation Hall, University of Toronto,
Toronto, on September 18 to 23, 1920, and was attended by delegates
from all parts of the Empire. (The objects of this congress, which
is held triennially, alternately ill London and the Overseas Do-
minions, is to give expression to Imperial commercial opinion on
matters directly or indirectly affecting commercial and industrial
affairs). Among the 55 resolutions adopted during the five days of
its session at Toronto were recommendations that every' step should
be taken to make the Empire self-contained in respect of defence and
food supply, and to advance and promote the growing of cotton,
that a commercial survey of the timber available in the Empire
should be made by the competent authorities with a vie,v to the
larger utilization of supplies froln this source; that there should be
established cable communication between the various parts of the
Empire passing solely through British territory and that a subsidy
be provided by the participating Dominions, colonies and Great
Britain; that hjgh-power wireless stations be established throughout
the Empire; that the congress press upon the governments of the
Empire the desirability of preferential trade within the British Em-
pire; that the Home Government be asked to call an Imperial
Conference on the stabilization of inter-Empire exchanges; that the
Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade be urged to request
their Inembers to give preference in eUlployment to ex-service men
in any part of the Empire; that certain reforms in shipping regu-
lations be instituted; that the British Dominions and India should
favourably consider admission to melnbprship of the new International

COS
"ESTIO..V OF A..UFRICA.V FEDER..tTIO.V OF LABOUR 743

( 'h:llH hpr of rOlllIlll'r('(' .wi th special fl'prC'scnta tiycs 1.1 pun the coullril
of adnÜnistration; that J
ritish Canadian port:-\ of a Ita tiollal ('har-
:lcter be deyplop'd and equipped to the highC'st standard of cffieipuey
:1:-\
pl'l'dily as po:s
ible; that the Ilnpcrial and Canadian 1!.OVernnlcnt::;
arrange ,,"ith the undprwritC'r:-: in --ueh a way that the IHarillc illsur:llH'('
ratl.::> for Canadian ports ::,hould be th('
anle a
for XP\V ï ork, so a

to fayour Irnpcrial trade; tha.t Chanlbcrs of COIHnlertC and TIoard-.;
of 'fradc he ur
ed to ,,"ork for the
l'n('ral adoption of ('OIHlllereial
arbitration throughout the Elnpirp; that the 1l1ctrie
y:-;telu of weight

and Ineasures be adopted in thC' Briti
h Enlpire; that J>uhli{' utilitip:o:
:-\hould be couductC'd on a
Plf-
upp{)rtillg ha:-\i
and that n. L('agtH' of
English-
p('aking peoplcs be e
tablished.
Convention of American Federation of L',bour at

Iontreal.-Th(' fortieth
lnnual conv('ntion of the ..\IHcrican
Federation of Labour, attptHled by 571 dclegah:>;-;, \va:-; held
in ...\Iontrcal fronl Junc 7 to 19, 1920. .At the op('uing pro-
reeding:-, ..lJdre:--
('s of ".CICOU1C ,vere ùclivcred hy I Ion. G. D.
Hoherb;on, \Iini
ter of Labour, and lIon. 1\. 'V. Ho".ell, Prl'sidf'nt
of the I"rivy Council. 'rhe auditing cOlnlnittees of the Fl'dC'ration
reported th(' nlclnbcrship a:-, 1,075,740, the recpipt:-- for the
fiscal )"('ar as
1,121,74f) and the' cxpensc:, as "OI7,7{j(j. ...\..lllon{!,
the rccollllnendations of conullittces which wpre
uLSt.'qUl'lltly
adopted "-ere rc
olutioh
on thc following subject,=,: fhat the ques-
tion of shorter ,vorkda Vb he left to 10C'al unions on t hp undpr:;tanding .
that thc .A1nerican .Federation of Lahour pIl<lor::;ed shorter workday
,
a 44-hour ""cck ,vith Saturday half holidays and a still :-;hortl'r week
'when unl'nlplOYlllcn t conditions can bc inl proved t}wr('hy; fa. \
ouring,
Governnl(
nt owner::;hip of United States railroa<.b; reeogllition of
thc Iri
h Republic and a reque
t that n1ilitary forcl's of occupation
Le ".ithdra" n froJn Ireland; rpfusal to
uPI>ort the Hoviet Govern-
lnent of Itu...::;ia so long as it is ba::;cd upon authority not ve...ted in it
by a popular representative national as::>emblage of the Russian people,
so long as it endeavours to create revolutions in established civilized
nations, and so long as it advocates and applies the nÜlitarization of
labour, and prevents the organization and functioning of trade
unions and the nl:lÌntenance of a free pre:;s and a free public as:-,
nl-
blage; enlploYlnent of scientific experts in industry and production
by the Federation; a liberal provision by the United States Congress
for the carrying on of technieal research in all branche::, of
cience
touching the ".clfare of the people; establislullent of a federal elnploy-
Inent service; urging international organizations to have their local
branches affiliate ,vith trade and labour councils and State federa-
tions; approval of IniniInunl and InaxilllUl11 representation in trade
council8 of t,yO and ten respectively; bringing; for,varrl a definite
declaration regarding the status of government employees; estab-
lishment of a ".onlen's bureau to the Department of Labour; several
educational reforms, among ,vhich 'v ere a National Labour Univer-
sity and protection of teachers' unions against discrimination because
of affiliation "ith organized labour; opposition (on the part of the

744

LEGISLATIOJ.V AJ.YD PRIJ.VCIPAL EVElfTS

Federation) to any international relationship "rhich interfered with
the rights of labour to maintain national standards; approval of
Pre
ident Gompers' attitude in declining to participate in the pro-
ceedings of the International Labour Conference at Washington in
1919; endorsation of the executive council in support of the Peace
Treaty and the Covenant of the League of Nations; opposition to the
system of bonussing, favouring rather an increase in \vages.
Trade Conference at Ottawa between Dominion and West
Indian Govemments.-A trade conference between the Dominion
and 'Vest Indian governments ,vas held at Otta\va from May 31
to June 19, 1920. All the British 'Vest lndies 'were represented;
the British Government was represented by Lt. Col. Amery, Under
Secretary of State for the Colonies, and Canada was represented by
the Right Hon. Sir George E. Foster, l\iinister of Trade and Com-
merce, Hon. C. C. Ballantyne, Minister of Marine and Hon. l\Iartin
Burrell, l\1inister of Customs. Sir George E. Foster presided.
The purpose of the conference was to consider the extent to ,vhich
and lneans by \vhich the trade relations between the Dominion and
the 'Yest Indian colonies could be irnproved. The parties to the con-
ference agreed upon nine articles relating to trade, five relating to
steamship services to the eastern West Indian group, two relating
to steam
hip services to the \vestern group. By the trade articles
the customs duties on all commodities (except narcotic and alcoholic
goods) produced in the 'Vest Indies shall not be more than 50 per
cpnt of those inlposed on similar articles from any foreign country;
different groups of the colonies in their turn granted different degrees
of preference to goods imported from Canada. The Dominion
Governnlent undertook to endeavour to arrange for a mail, passenger
and freight steamship service ,vithin three years bet\veen Canada and
the Eastern group, the stealners to be from 5,000 to 6,000 tons gros8
and capable of Inaintaining speed of 12 knots; if a subsidized steam-
ship service is arranged, the Governments of both Canada and the six
(Eastern group) 'Vest Indian colonies agreed to contribute. Pending
the establishlnent of sl)ch services, Canada agreed to endeavour to
lnaintain on the existing lines, a fortnightly service between Can-
ada and the Eastern group. A service between Canada and the
,vest ern group ,vas also agreed upon. The agreements are to be in
force for ten years and thereafter until terminated by twelve months'
,vritten notice. The ne\v tariff preferences went into effect, so far as
Canada is concerned, on
lay 10, 1921.
Imperial Press Conference at Ottawa.-A conference of 150
delegates representing ne\vspaper publishers and editors from all
parts of the Ernpire, under the chairmanship of '?lcount Burnham,
president of the Empire Press Union, was held in the Parlialnent
Buildings,Otta\va, from August 5 to 7, 1920. The matters discussed
related to the publication of ne\vspapers, Empire unity anù clevelop-
Inent and the part \vhich the press plays therein, improved facilities
for the transmission of ne\vs, cheaper cable rates, the independence of
the press of governnlent control and increased interchange of the

,

PROllIBIT/V,V PLFBISCITES

745

IH'" s of th(\ Elllpire bet" ('en ]3ritish nations. Che:llwr po:-;tal ra t('

".('rt' advueated by the eonfprencc, as was al
o thp expluitation of the
po
ibilitil'
of ,vircless telcgraphy and tell'phoning n
ne\\
c..\rriprs.
Prohibition Plebiscites. -During 1
J20 and the errrly months
of 1
):?1 eight of thp nine provincc::; decided upon a pcnuanent as
di:,tinguished fronl the eluergenry ".ar policy ,vitlt regard to the
ale
of alcoholic bevcra
es. Ün July 10, 1920, thp elcctors of Ne,v
nnll
s\\.iek voted by a rl1ajority of about t,,"o to onto for total prohi-
hition. 1'he clpctors of I
riti
h Colulnhia on OC'toLer 20, 1920,
votcd by a large 11lajority in favour of the enactnlent of legislation
pruviding for Govrrnnlent cuntrol nnd salr in
('alrd package::; of

pirituou
and Inaltrd liquor
, rejl'cting; the prfìvious policy of pro-
hibition. Ûn the other hand, plebiscites hpld on Octobcr 2.'5, lU20,
in thp three Prairie Provincl'
and ill Xova Scotia re
ulted in large
lnajoritips for prohibition. 'fhi:-; t'xaulplc ,vaR follo".ed by Ontario,
which, in a plrbiscite held on _\.pril 1
, 1921, voted for a policy of
prohibition. 'fhe Provinrial Governlnl'nt in Que}Jcc lIns cstahlibhcd
a réginlp of lfoveflUllcntal l'ontrol of the sale of liquor, ".hieh ".ent
into effect on
Iay I, 1021.
Provincial General Elcctions.-During the year 1020 1'ro-
yincial g;pncral plertiol1:' took pla('c in four province:--. In
Ianitoba
a
t'I}('ral ('h'ction 011 June 2f) rl'
ulÜ'd in the rpturn of IHl'IHUerS
hclongin
to '-\cvpral groups, none of ".hich had a clear Iuajority.
.\
the large:;t ::;ingle group supported the cxi:--ting Governrnent,
that Go\"rrtllllent ha
continued to hold office. In XOV3 Scotia on
July '27 the existing tLibcral) Govcflllnent of 1 'relnier \Iurray ,vas
f'ustained. InN e". J
runs".ick on October 9 the existin
(Liberal)
Go, erIUIleU t ,va:i sust aint'd, though by a reduced Inajority. In
Briti
h Colulllbia on ])ecenlùcr 1 the existing (Liberal) GoVertUnellt
".:1S sustained by a rcduced nlajority. 'The chief characteristic of
all four elf'ctions ,vas the return of a cOIlt'iderable nUlnber of Farmer
and Labour candidates, besides those belonging to the t,vo historic
parties.
The Economic and Financial Year.-The first nlonths of
1
t20 ".Pre for Canada a period of unbounded optin1Ïsrn and rising
price:-:. 'I'hc a\"erage husine
;:) luan, after his fears of a ruinous fall
in price:--. at the clo:;e of the "
ar had been dispelled, gave hiInself up
to \"i..dons of unlÌ1nited bu
inl's::) and unhounded \\.ealth, basing his
conclusion
upon the ".orId's great need for the eOIlllllodities in w'hich
he dealt, and forgetting that in order to produce business, need must
he accolllpanied by the luean:-; to pay for ".hat is needed. Taking
a
hort-sighted point of vie,v, he realized only that prices 'were goi
g
up, and that the larger the stock of good:, ,vhich he could carry whIle
values 'were advancing, the n10re Inoney he could Inake on his turn-
over. .\ccordingly, in many ca:,cs he
trained hi
resources and credit
to thc utlno--t in order, as he believed, to rcap once again the abundant
profit:-- ,yhich had accrued to him from the eontinuous rise in the
price
of eonuuodities during the four or five previous years.

746

LEGISLATIOJ.V Aftt"'"D PRINCIPAL EVENTS

Economists, ho,vever, \vere ahnost united in the opInIon that
existing conditions \yere radically unsound, that prices and wages
\vere inflated, that the remuneration received by various contributors
to the \vork of production was abnormally large, and that received
by others abnonnally small, and that this state of affairs could not
go on much longer. It was actually stated that l\lay 1 lllust see a
change, and this prediction ,vas actually borne out by the facts.
"\Vholesale prices in Canada, as sho,vn by the diagram on page 545,
actually did reach the maximum on record in that month; and
generally speaking, the index nUlnber of \vholesale prices in other lead-
ing countries reached their Inaxima at nearly the same time. The
United States Bureau of Labour's index number reached its highest
point in l\lay, ,vhile for the United Kingdom, the Economist's index
number reached its maximum in l\Iarch and the Statist's in .April.
Similarly, the French index nunlber, (" Statistique Gér.érale") and
the Italian index number (Bachi) reached their maxima in April,
and the Bank of Japan's index number in l\Iarch, while the official
Indian index number reached its highest point in l\Iay and the official
Australian index nUlnber in August. The list might be extended,
but sufficient has been said to show that the reaction which occurred
in the latter half of 1920 was a world-wide phenomenon, due to \vorld-
wide causes.
The- greatest world-wide reaction in wholesale prices that has
ever taken place, bringing the Canadian index number do\vn
from 356.6 in
lay, 1920, to 290.5 in December, had pro-
found consequences upon the economic situation throughout the
country. Once it ,vas realised that prices \vere at last on the do,vn-
grade, that very fact led consumers \vhere possible to abstain froln
purchasing, in the hope of securing better bargains later on, and thus
precipitated further declines. These declines in values also in many
cases wiped out the equities of dealers in their stocks of goods, and
their over-extended position in the autulnn and winter of 1920 led to
Inany failures, even alnong old and reputable business houses, though,
realising the extraordinary character of the situation, creditors in
Inany cases extended to their debtors every possible consideration.
In spite of this, conlnlercial failures increased from 50 in May, 1920,
to 169 in December of that year, and to 228 in January of 1921.
The banks again, \vhich had lost some $125,000,000 of their sav-
ings deposits to the 'Tictory Loan of November, 1919, and had not
been able to refill the reservoir, so as to meet the great demands
which "rere being Inade upon them for loans, found themselves
compelled in the summer and autumn of 1920 to shorten sail, this
being noticeable first in a decline in their call loans in Canada and later
in their current loans in Canada. Necessary though it ,vas, this
policy tended to aggravate the general commercial situation.
With the fall in prices came necessarily increasing unmnploy-
Inent, accentuated by the increased wages granted in many occu-
pations in the spring and summer months of 1920. These increases
could not imlnediately be taken back, but they made it unprofitable

OBITUARY

'47

for elnployers to continue furnishing elllploYlnent and con:-,iderahh

nUlnbcrs of IHen ".('re tllt'reforc laid off or discharged. rrhe per-
('entagc of unC'luploynll'ut anlong l11eJubcrs of trade unions increased
froJ}} 2.11 in June to 13.05 in ])ecenlher, and reached lß. 4
in l\Iarch
of 1021.
The reactiOI1R of the grca t :-:hUllP in pricl':-\ w('re necessarily felt
al
o in the field of
peculation and inveshnent. (1pIH'rally speaking,
,vhen prices are going up, it is cxpedipnt for th . investor to purchase
stocks, ,vhich give hilll a
h:1r(' in th(' o""IH'r:-\hip of pro}wrty ,vhirh
is presuluably iucr('a::;ing in yalue. On the other hand, when priceB
are going do,vn, it is g('ner:dly c:\. pedi('n t for t IH
in y(.:.:tor to purcha
e
bond:.;:, ,,-hich giv(' hilll a rlainl to JnOIH'Y ,,,ho:-\(' pur('ha
ing powpr i

on the inrrea
e. Of cour"'c, he ùo \s not gCllprally iUll)l{'diately
r('alize the turn of the tide, ::;0 ".hat stat istician::; call a "lag" is ob-
servahle, hut that th<' ("hang:(' "as r('aliz('d fair1
" soon nftpr it oc('urred
is cvid('ut frolll the fact that \\ hile in July of 1 C):.!{) the stocks :-\old on
the
[ontreal exchang(. aggregated 597,7ü:i shares and the hond:.: only

7S0.2.)O, in D('("Plll},pr t h(> :-;ha res
old n ulnl wrpd only 2t>n .!)(;() - a figure
which has not ueen equalled in the early Juon th
of 1921-\vhile the
bonds sold aUlountpd to .ð,228,600.
So far, the econúnlic history of lU:!1 has hecn a continuation
of that of the latter half of 1020-a period of reaction. It is to he
hoped that 1022 \vill see a return to fairly stahle and nonual condi-
tions, such as cÀisted ùefore the \\ are
Obituary.-1920: Jan. 24. Z. .A. La:-\h, T{.C., Deputy:\Iinister
of Ju
ticc, IS72 -lð7ü. }'eb. ö. Sir JanH.':-3 A. Grant, \I.D.,
I.P.
for ItusselI, Ihû3 -1873, for Otta".a, 1892-1b9ß. Feb. 7. Louis _\.
Lapointe, .i\I.P. for
t. JaIIl
s, :\Iontreal, r.Q. Thf' lIon. Charle

Langelier, Judge of the Sessions of the Peate, Quel){'(' (Provineial
8ecretary, 1
91-1
fJ2). Feu.
. 1"he Hon. f;ir 'Villianl Glcnhohne
Falconbridge, Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, Ontario.
Feb. 14. David l\fnrshall, J.\I.P. for East Elgin. ..\.pril 28. The Hon.
6\. G.
lackay, COJnulis::;ioner of Cro,vn Lands, úntario, 1004-1905,
and l\Iinister of
Iunicipal .Affairs, Alberta, 1918-1920. ::\Iay 2. The
Hon. Roderick H. Clive Pringle, of C'obourg, Ont., Senator. ::.\lay 4.
:\Iajor-General Sir Donald _
lex. ::\lacDonald, C.
I.G., I.
.O., Quar-
termaster-General of th
Canaùian
Iilitia, 1904-1917. June 7. The
Hon. \T alentine 'Yinkler, )Iinister of Agriculture, .:\Ianitoha; Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Frederick Toller, Conlptroller of Currency, 18ðl-1910.
July 11. The Hon. 'Ym. Dennis, of Halifax, Senator. _-\.ug. 19. The
Hon. Janles .:\1. Douglas, of Tantallon, Sa
katchewan, Senator.
Sept. 5. The Baroness )lacdonald, of Earnscliffe.
ept. 7. The
Hon. S. l\I. Parent, Premier of Quebec. Sept. 19. The Hon.
Robert Beaven, Pren1Íer of British Columbia, 1882-1883. Oct.
h. J. ::\1. C'ourtney, C.J.\I.G., I.S.G., Deputy
1inister of Finance,
1878-1906. Oct. 27. The Hon. Benjamin Prince, of t;askatche,van:

enator. Xov. 8. The Hon. Lytton ,Yo Shatford, of Vancouver,
::;enator. Dec. 12. Co!. the lIon. Edward G
nvlor Prior, Lieut.-
governor of British Columbia, 1919-1920. 1921: Jan. 2.
ir Frank

.

748 EXTRACTS FRO},! THE CA.NADA GAZETTE

Bail]ie, I{.B.E., formerly Director of the National Aeroplane Factory,
r-roronto. William Fitzgerald, Assistant-Dpputy IVIinister of Finance
and Superintendent of Insurance, 1885-1914. Jan. 7. Co!. H. F.
l\lcLeod, l\1.P. for York-Sunbury. Oscar Gladu, l\I.P. for Yamaska.
Jan. 15. 'V. G. Parmelee, Deputy l\Iinister of Trade and COlnmerce,
1893-1908. Jan. 25. The Right Hon. A. L. Sifton, Secretary of
State. Feb. 2. The Hon. Peter l\lcSweeney, of Northumberland,
N.B., Senator. Feb. 8. The Hon. L. P. Pelletier, PostInaster-Gen-
eral, 1911-1914. Feb. 20. Thos. G. Wallace, l\i.P. for West York
since 1908. l\lar.l0. The Hon. Adam B. Crosby, of Halifax, Senator.
April 9. The Hon. Sydney A. Fisher, l\finister of Agriculture, 1896-
1911. July 30. The Hon. Lieut.-Co!. James Domville, of Rothesay,
X.B., Senator. Aug. 24, Lieut.-Gen. The Hon. Sir Sam Hughes,
K.C.B., l\finister of l\lilitia, 1911-1916. Aug. 28. The Hon. T. W.
Patterson, Lieutenant Governor of British Columbid, (1909-1914).
Aug. 29. The Hon. Lionel Clarke, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario,
from Nov. 1919. Aug. 30. Emmanuel B. Devlin, M. P. for 'Vright
County, Quebec. Sept. 12. The Hon. Lawrence G. Power, of Halifax,
N.S., Senator, Sept. 17. The Hon. William C. Edwards, of Ottawa,
Onto , Senator. .

XIV.-EXTRACTS FROM THE CANADA GAZETTE.

Privy Councillors.-1920: July 13. Flen1Ïng B. l\1:cCurdy,

I.P. for Colchester, N.S., Rupert 'Yo 'Yigmore, l\1:.P. for St. John
City and Counties of St. John and Albert, N.B., and Edgar K.
Rpinney, :ðI.P. for Yarmouth and Clare, N.S. 1921: April 13.
'Villiam Smith, l\i.P. for Ontario South. lVlay 28. 'Villiam A. Charl-
ton, l\1.P. for
orfolk, Onto Sept. 21, 1921. Louis de Gonzaque
Belley, Quebec, Que. John B. Macaulay Baxter, St. John, N.B.
John W. Edwards, M.D., l\I.P., Electoral District of Frontenac, Onto
Louis P. Normand, M.D. of Three Rivers, Que. Henry H. Stevens,
M.P., Electoral District of Vancouver Centre, "B.C. Rodolphe
l\fonty, l\Iontreal, Que. John A. Stewart, l\1.P., Electoral District
of Lanark, Onto Edmund Bristol, M.P., Electoral District of
Toronto Centre, Onto Captain Robert J. Manion, l\I.C., M.P.,
Electoral District of Fort William and Rainy River, Onto James R.
Wilson, M.P., Electoral District of Saskatoon, Sask., and Richard B.
Bennett, Calgary, Alberta.
Lieutenant-Govemors.-1920: December 16. Hi8 Honour
Robert G. Brett, Edmonton, .L\lberta, to be Lieutenant-Governor
of .Alberta (second tenn). Decenrber 24. 'Valter C. Nichol, ''"an-
couver, B.C., to be Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia in the
room and stead of the Hon. Ed,vard G. Prior, deceased. 1921: Feb-
ruary 17. The Hon. Henry W. Ne,vlands, Regina, 8askatche,van,
to be Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan. Sept. 10. Henry
Cockshutt, Brantford, Ont., to be Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, in
the room and stead of the Hon. Lionel H. Clarke, deceased.

z...ElI" SENATORS

749

e\v Senators.-1-'hc following ,ycre appointt'd Jllt'lllhers of thc
"cnate:-1910: January 10. Lorn
Campbpll \Yehster, Quebl'("
(lup. 1921: February 17. John \nthouy
I('l)ollald,
hediar, K.B.,
:lnd Li('ut .-Col. John Htanficld, rrruro, X .
.
t'pt. 13. \, illiam Â.
Griesbaeb, C.B., C.:\LG., D.S.O., Edmonton, Alberta. Sept. 2l.
John l\IeCorIuick, Syùney l\Iines, N.S. S('pt. 22. Right lIon. Sir
G
orf.!;e E. Foster, Ottawa. Hou. J. D. Reid, Otta\va. 11011. Jamec;;
.d. Calder, Ott
nva. Oct. 3, 1921. Hon. 'rhos. \V. Crothers,
Otta,va, Ont., and }{obt. F. Grpcl1, Victoria, B.C.

ew
I enlbers of the Ilouse of Con1n1ons.-'flH' following
nt'w nIl'luhers of th
}lou
e of COllunons ,vere returned at bv-elec-
tion
during lÐ20 and up to July lÐ, 1921 :-1920: ...\priI7. ...\ilolphp
Stein, for h.alllouraska, Que. ,April I
L }'prnand Rinfret, for St.
.J:lnll'
(.:\fontrenl), Que. Octohcr 4. lion. ltupert \Y". 'ri
I))Ore, for

t. John City and Countip, of He .J ohn and AI},prt, i\ .B. Oetuher 12.
Iron. j i lclning B. '\[cCurdy, for Colehp:-:;tt'r, X.
. J)('(.(,1111)('1'.....

ydne

.
r(' l)e1'nuul<l, for East El
in. Ontario. 1921: Fpbruary 22.
l
por
(' X. (
onlon. for Pet
rhorough 'YP
t, Ontario. J 1I1H'
, 'Vilfric.l
E. EnlÌlp, for \. :lluaska, Qu('. .Junp l:t Hiehard B. llan:-\on, for
1
ork-
unhury, X.B., .July 19. Hobert Gardiner, 1\!p(li("ine lIat,

\lberta.
Cabinet 'Iinister
and other :\Iembers of the Government.
1920: January 1. rrhc Iloll. (,harle
J. ])ohcrty, I(.C., D.C.L.,LLJ).,
and the lIon. Arthur L. Sift on, I
.C., ::\I.A., LL.It, )).C .L., to be
Canadian Hpprc:.;;pnt:lÍi,
('s at Pr:lce Conf
r
nre. January 2-1. '}'hc
Hon. lIugh (
uthrie, Ottawa, to he :\Iinist<.'r of
Iilitia and Def(,l1cP
of Canada. July 13. 1""he Ilon. .FlenlÌng ]
.
IcCurùy, lIalifax, X .S.
to be ::\Iini:-:tp1' of Puhlic 'Yorks. The lIon. ltupcrt 'Y. \Yiglnore,

t. John,
.B., to be :\Iinister of r'U::;tolH
and Inland Revenue.

\ugust 21. Thp lIon. Pierre E. Blondin, Po
hna:-\tcr Gcneral, and
Rohert 1\1. Coulter, Deputy Po:;tmast
r GpDeral, to he dclpgates of
the (
ovenllllent of Canada to attend the t"nivpr:-\:ll Postal (10nven-
tion to be held at
Iadrid, October, 1920.
Dominion
Iinisters.-rrenth
Iini:-:try-.July 10, 1020. IUght
lIon. ...\rthur 1\Ieighen, Primp :\Iini
ter and
Iini:-;ter of External
.Affairs; Hon. rharl('s C. B:!llantyne, ::\IinÍster of ::\Iarine anJ Fisherie:-:
and Xaval Service; lIon. Gideon D. Itobertson, J..\lini
ter of Lahour;
lIon. Sir Henry L. Drayton, ::\Iinister of Finance; lIon. Simon F.
Tolmie, ::\Iinister of Agriculture; Hon. Hugh Guthrie',
Iinister of
:\Iilitia and Ðefenee; Hon. Sir J:une
.\lexander Lougheed,
\rini:-\t<'r
of Interior and Superintendent General of Indian _\.ffairs and ..\Iini
ter
of ::\Iine:-\. July 13. Hon. Fleming B.
IcCurdy, 1\Iini:-:;ter of Public
'York
. SPpt. 21, 1921. Hon. Loui:-\ de Gonzague Belley, Postlna
ter
General; Hon. John B. :\lacaulay Baxter,
Iinister of Customs and
Excise; Hon. John ,Yo Ed,vards, ::\Iinister of Immigration and
Colonization; Hon. Louis P. :Xormand, President of the Privy
Council; Hon. Henry II. Stevens, ::\Ii
i:-\ter of Trade and Conunerce;
Hon. Rodolphe :\Ionty, f::;ecretary of State; IIon. John .A..
te,vart,

Iinister of ItnihnlYs and Canal
. Hon. Robert J. l\Ianion,

750

EXTRACTS FROM THE CANADA GAZETTE

Iinister of Soldiers' Civil Re-Establishment. Hon. Richard B.
Bennett, l\Iinister of Justice.
Iinisters without portfolios: July 10,
1920. Hon. Sir Edward Kemp. July 13, 1920. Hon. Edgar !(.
Spinney. Sept. 21, 1921. Hon. James R. 1Vilson. Hon. Edmund
Bristol. Oct. 1, 1921. Not in the Cabinet: Solicitor General.
Guillaume A. Fauteux. Note: Some of the Ministers being con-
tinued in their then present positions, the dates of their original
appointments are given. The duration of the Thirteenth Parliament
from the date of return of election writs to that of dissolution ,vas
3 years, 7 months, 6 days.
Judicial Appointments.-1920: January 1, Edouard F.
Surveyer, of l\Iontreal, Que., to be a puisne judge of the Superior
Court of Quebec, in the room and stead of Hon. Mr Justice Fortin,
retired. January 26. John F. Orde, Ottawa, Ontario, to be a
Judge of the Supreme Court of Ontario and a l\1ember of the High
Court Division of the said court and ex officio a l\iember of the
Appellate Division of the said court, in the room and stead of the Hon.
:\Ir. Justice Britton, retired. April 22. The Hon. Humphrey
l\Iellish, a puisne judge of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, to be a
Surrogate Judge in Admiralty of the Excheql!er Court of Canada
for the Admiralty District of Nova Scotia. July 26. The Hon.
Edlnund 'V. P. Guerin, The Hon. Erastus Ed\vin Howard, the Hon.
Charles E. Dorion, the Hon. '
ictor Allard, The Hon. Joseph :\1.
Tellier and the Hon. Edmund J. Flynn, puisne Judges of the Superior
Court of Quebec, to be puisne Judges of the Court of King's Bench in
and for the said province. November 4. Charles D. White, Sher-
brooke, Que., and Philemon Cousineau, l\Iontreal, Que., to be puisne
Judges of the Superior Court of Quebec. 1921: March 3.
Louis A. J. Bernier and Adjutor Rivard, Quebec, Que., to be
puisne Judges of the Court of King's Bench, in and for the
said Province of Quebec. The Hon. Albert Sévigny, Quebec,
Que., and Pierre d'Auteuil, Murray Bay, Que., to be puisne Judges
of the Superior Court, in and for the said F'rovince of Quebec.
The Hon. Louis T. N. L. DuPlessis, puisne Judge of the Superior
Court for the Judicial districts of Chicoutimi, Saguenay and Roberval,
Quebec, to be transferred to the Judicial district of Three Rivers,
Que. l\Iarch 14. The Hon. William F: A. Turgeon, Regina, 8ask.,
to be a Judge of the Court of Appeal, in the room and stead of the lIon.
l\Ir. Justice Ne\vlands, retired. J\Iay 30. Hon. Aubin E. Arsenault,
Charlottetown, P.E.I., to be 'Vice-Chancellor of the Court of Chan-
cery and Assistant Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicature, of
Prince Ed\vard Island. June 11. Donald J\laclean, Saskatoon,
Sask., to be a Judge of the Court of King's Bench for Saskatoon.
June 13. Right Hon. Sir Louis Davies, R.C.M.G., Chief Justice, The
Right Hon. Sir Robert Borden, G.C.l\i.G., The Hon. Sir 'Villialu R.
::\Ieredith, Kt., Chief Justice of Ontario, and the Hon. Jean B. G.
Lamothe, Chief Justice of Quebec, to be a national group within the
lueaning of the Statute for the Permanent Court of International Justice
provided for by article 14 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, for
the purpose of nominating on behalf of Canada, a list of persons fronl

JUDICIAL APPOIJ.VTJfENTS

751

".hich the m
Inhcrs of the Court reprcscntinp; Canada Inay he elect
d
ulHlpr thf' provi:-\ions of articles 4 to 12 inclusivp of thp
aid Statute.

('pt. ],j. 'rhe Hon. l)avid L. Scott, .Jud
e of the
uprt'lne Court of
Alberta, a
hcrctoforc e::;tabli::;hcd: to be Chicf Ju
tice of the Buprelne
Court of ..\lhertn. find Prpsident of the ...\.ppellate l)ivi
ion of the I'-iaid
Court with the :-:tyle and title of Chief J u
ti('e of AHH'rta, and e
offieio
:I Judge of the 'rrial J)ivi::;ion of the
aid Court. 'fhe lIon. Charles
A.
tuart, '["'he lIon. Kichola
])u Bois I)olnini(' Beck, 1'he IIon.
JaJHe:-: I). 1 Iyndlllan, .Judgp:-, of the HUpf('n1P Court of Alherta, as
herctoforc e""tabli""hed, to be Judgps of t he
uI>rellle Court of Albcrta
and InelnlJers of the ..\ppplla tf' ] )ivi
ion of the' :-aid Court ,vith the
:--tylp antI tit h' of J u
ti('p of
\. pppal an(l eX officio J lldgcs of thf' 1'rial
J)ivi:-:ion of the
aiù Court. \lfred 11. Clark(', Calgary, .Alhcrta, one
of lIic:;
\Iajf':'5ty'::; Coun:-:ell
an}('d in the l:nv for Ontario, to he a Judge
of t hp Suprpmp Court of Albf'rta. and 1I1PlnlH'r of thp ..\ppellate
Divkioll of the f'aid rourt with the
tylt, an (I title of Ju:-\tiee of Appeal
and {\X ofJ:(io a J1:dge cf 11 p 'rlinl Divi
itn cf the
ajd Court. The'
lIon. ITuraep ITarv
y, Chipf JURtice of tllt

upreme Court uf ...\.lbertn,
to he the Chief .Ju:-\ti('(' of th' rrrial Divi:-\ion of thp SUI)f('lne Court of

\.lb('rta and cx officio a Judge of tl1(' App{'llate Divi::áon of the said
(
ourt. rrhp lIon. \Villianl L. \Valc:;h, 1'hl" tron. :i\Iaitland S.

I era rt hy, 'The J Ion. \'ïltialn C. Sillllnons, The IIon. \Yilli:un C.
I v(;
, J uùge
of thp
upreille Court of Alberta, as heretofor(' e::;tab-
li
IH'd, tu },p .Ju
ticp
of the bupren1e Court uf Aloprta and l\Iembers
of t IH' 1'rial l)iyi
i()n of thp :-\a id Court, and ex officio J lldgp;-:: of the
Apppllate Divi,jon of the
aiù Court.
rhOllla

l. ï""weedie, Calgary,

\lherta, to be' a J list ice of t 11{\ SuprPlne Court (Jf ...\.lberta and a
llH'lul)('r of the Triall)ivision of th(
sflid Court and f'X officio a Judge
of the \.ppdlate Di,ri
ion of the said ('ourt. l\ngus \1.
IacDollald,
Lacombe, _\.lherta, to be a Judge of the })i:;triet Court of the District
of :\Iaeleod, in the Faid Proy'Ïnet' of Alhprta.
Commissions.- 1920: Fehruary 23. IIis :\Iaje:sty the J{ing
ha
hPPI1 l)lea
ed to appoint Charles A. 1Iagrath, the Hon. ðir \Yilliam
Ho,nlrd Hearst, I\:.C.
I.G., and Absalonle Po".pll, to be nlemhers of
the International Joint Conunission relating to J30unJary 'Vaters
and questions :1risin
along the Boundary betwepn the DOJninion of
Canada and the United btate::; of .Arnerica. July 16. Eugene l\lcG.
Quirk, Sir \'
il1iam Stavert, I\:.B.E., and 'Yillialn P. IIutchbon,
l\loneton, X.B., }{ailroad Telegrapher, to be Conllni
'3ioner
to in-
vestigate into and report upon the causes and circumstances of
any existing di:;putes affecting "yage rat

and employment con-
dition:s in connection ,yith coal n1iuÌng operations in
ova Scotia
and N' e". ßrunswiek and to make such recolllnlendations as may
serve to proIllote an aluicable
ettlelllent of such questions and to
ensure the continuance of an adequate supply of coal from such
n1Ïne
for the ports of ranada. ,vhieh are at pre::;ent dependent thereon.
August 9. Oliver
Io".at Biggar, l{.C., Otta,va, Ont., to be a Com-
n1Ïs::;ioner to ('onduct an inquiry into cOlnplaints concerning the
adn1Ïnistration of the King
ton Penitentiary. Deceulber 27. His

,

752

EXTRACTS FROJf THE CANADA GAZETTE

Ron. Colin George Snider, Judge of the County Court of'Vent,vorth,
Ont., to be a Comlnissioner to investigate into and report upon the
circumstances under ,vhich certain publications were delivered by
the Distribution Branch of the Government Printing and Stationery
Office to Florence and Son-amended and extended January 10, 1921,
so as to authorize the said Comlnissioner to enquire into the par-
ticulars of all material and equipment purchased, sold or otherwise
disposed of, in or from the Printing Bureau since January 1, 1919.
1921: April 13. The Ron. James D. Ryndn1an, a Judge of the
Supreme Court of Alberta, 'Villiam D. Staples, Fort 'Villiam,
Ont., J. R. Haslam, Regina, Sask., and Lincoln Goldie, Guelph,
Ont., to be Commissioners to investigate into and report upon the
subject of marketing of grain in Canada. June 27. The Ron.
Louis E: Panneton, n, Judge of the Superior Court, Quebec, to be a
Conlmissioner to investigate into and report in respect to the amount
required to pay the Park St. Charles Co., Ltd., for land occupied by
the Quebec Harbour Commission, as per verdict of Arbitrator, ,vhich
verdict ,vas later sustained by the Superior Court in favour of the
Plaintiff Co., $60,000. June 30. Geoffrey Teignmouth Clarkson,
Toronto, Ont., Chartered ....\ccountant, to be a Commissioner to
investigate into and report upon any and all reported irregularities
and frauds of any kind \vhatsoever in connection \vith the payment
at the par of exchange of sterling drafts, official cheques, letter and
cable transfers, British money orders and British currency to lnembers
of the Canadian Expeditionary Force in respect of and representing
n10ney received by thenl for pay and allo\vances and also in r
spect
of pensions and also as to payments lna(le to others than returned
soldiers and pensioners.
Imperial Honours and Decorations.-1920: October 13.
To be a
lember of His
Iajesty's l\Iost Honourable Privy Council,
The Hon. Arthur l\Ieighen.
Official Appointments.-1920: l\Iarch 17. Capt. N. F. Par-
kinson, Ottawa, Ont., Director of Vocational Training of the Depart-
ment of Soldiers' Civil Re-Establishment, to be the Deputy
linister
of said Department, in the room and stead of Gerald Robinson,
re
igned, said appointment to take effect as from 15th April, 1920.
June 1. Tholnas l\Iulvey, B.A., K.C., Under-Secretary of State and
Deputy Registrar General of Canada, to be King's Printer and Con-
troller of Stationery, in the room and stead of Joseph De Labroquerie
Taché, retired. Joseph De Labroquerie Taché to be joint Librarian
of Parliament, in the roonl and stead of Alfred Duclos DeCelles,
superannuated. July 5. Captain William "
hite, Ottawa, Ont.,
Secretary of the Board of COlllmerre of Canada, to be Chief Com-
missioner of said Board of COlnlnerce. Frederick.À. Acland, Deputy
IVlinister of Labour, to be a Commissioner of the Board of Commerce
of Canada. Gerald A. P. Dillon, Ottawa, Ont., Purchasing Agent
of the Department of Justice, to be a Commissioner of the Board of
Commerce of Canada. August 21. 'Villiam L. Griffith, London,
England, to be Secretary of the Office of the High Commissioner for

OFFICIAL IPPOI.VTJIEJ.VTS

753

Canada in thc Unit
tl I\:inJ,!;dom, in confinnation of his appuintIn{\nt
to th
lt officp on !th ::\Iarch, 1 n03.. l.\ovelnbcr 12. Hohprt S.
Gourlay, 1'oronto, Ont., and John Lnxton (Kovenlbl'r 17, 1 H20)
Conlmi

ioncrs for the llarhour of Toronto, to ue re-appoinh'd to
that office for a further terIll of three years frolli the 22nd October,
1920. 1921, Junc 15. Frederick ....\.. .\..cland, Otta".a, Ont., Deputy
:\Iinister of Labour, to be I{ing'
Printer and Controller of Htationcry
in the roon1 nnd stead of Tholllas '[ulvey, T
.r., rCf'igned. ....\..ugust
18. 1'he followin

cntleJllen have h('
n appointed Ilwlllhers of Ifis
Excellency's
taff in Cana.da, viz. :-Capt. O. II. C. Balfour, l\:in
's
Royal Rifi
COf}Js, Governor General's
ecretary. ...\rthur F.
laden,
E
q., C.::\I.G.) C.'T.O., Priva.te becretary. Captain E(hntrd ...\...
GrePllc, )LC., Loyal 8ufToik IIn
:-\ars, CoolptroIIpr of tht' IIou:-;C'hold.
l\Iajor H. \rillis O'Connor,]).;:,.O., P.P.C.L.!., raptain l'he Ifollourahle
Francis \V. Erskine, Scot
Guards, Captain 'flle IIonouraoIe "T. G. II,
Jolliffe, Coldstream Guarrl
, .\ides-de-Calup. Bept. 7. 'VillialD J.
Black, OtÜHva, Ont., to bc the I)eputy :i\Iinister of ImInigration and
Colonization. Sept. 10. 1Iajur Gporge P. Y"anier, ]).8.0., :\I.C.,
Chf'valicr of the T
egion of ffonour, Itoyal 22nd Rpgilnent, to be
Aide-de-Camp to His Excellency the Governor General.
Day of General Thanksgiving.-
Ionday, Oetohpr Ib, lU20,
,vas appointed by proclanlation, as a "day of
eneral than1..:::;v;iving
to AInlÌghty God for the bountiful harvest and other hlessings \vith
,vhich Canada has been favoured this year".

18427-18

.

754

INDEX

INDEX.

PAGE.
135
560

Academies, in Quebec..... .
Acetic acid, excise tariff for.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acts of Parliament, lif':t of principal,
administered by Departments of
Dominion Government..... .. 713-720
- of Provincial Legislatures...... .. . . . 720-738
- Provincial, arising out of the War...... 720-721
Administration, statistics of...... ........ 644-713
Adolescents, compulsory education of. . . . . . 51
Adulteration of Food, expenditure, 1916-20 554
- Act, Dominion... '" . . .. . . . . ., . 46
-\eroplanes for United States Navy...... . . 6, 7
Agricul tural Experiment Stations of Canada 279-287
- Instruction Act. .. " . . .. 49, 259
- Prices, British.. . . . . . . . .. 249-250
- Prices, Canadian.. .. . . . . .. ...... ..... 238-248
Agricultural products, see also "Vegetable
products," "Animals and their pro-
ducts," "Fibres, textiles and textile
products". .., _. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 188-219
Agricultural Products, exports of, vegeta-
. ble, by quantities and values, 1918-21. 350-355
- Exports of, by values, 1868-1920........ . 344
- Exports of agricultural or vegetable
origin, 1920. . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . .
--: Exports of, from r .R. to principal coun-
tries, 1915-1919........ ... .. .. .... .. 424-445
- Imports of, vegetable, by quantities and
values, 191R-1921..... ...... ......... 3V6-385
- Imports of agricul tural or vegetable
origin, 1920.. _.. .. .... ...... .. . .. .
- Imports of into U.K., by quantities and
values and by countries whence im-
ported, 1915-1919...... ... . . . 420-424
Agricultural Season, 1919-1920... 188
- Wealth of Canada, 1918-1920..... . ... 266-267
Agricul ture, Arts and, expenditure 1916-20. 554
- Provincial Acts relating to..... 721-722
- Statistics of. . . . 188-278
- War Book..... .... .. .. '..... 3
Alberta College of Agriculture...... 286
- Education in. . . . .. 126, 131-133, 136, 140, 148,
149, 151-163
- Government, publications of. . . .. ...... 711
- Government, receipts and expenditure
of........ ..... . ._567,569-571
- Legislation in........ .. 720-738
- )fineral production of..... 316
Alcohol, consumption of.... .. .. ' . . . . . . . . .. 560-561
Alfalfa, area, yield and value of, 1915-20. 210-213
Allowances, regulations, pay and. '...... 35
Animal Husbandry Division of the Domin-
ion Experimental Farms.. '...........
- Animal products, exports of. by quan-
tities and values, 1918-21. . . . . . ... 356-361
- Exports of, by values, 1868-1920........ . 344
- Exports of, classed as manufactures, 1920 406
- Exports of from U.S. to principal coun-
tries, 1915-19... .... ... . . .... ,.. . 424-445
- Imports of, by quantities and values,
1918-21.. . . ' . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .... 384-387
- Imports of, classed as manufactures, 1920 406
- Imports of into l;.K. by quantities and
values and by countries whence im-
ported, 1915-19...... .. 420-424
Annuities, Government........ ....... 619-620
Annuities Act, Government.. .. .......... 619
Anthracite, imports of, 1901-20... . ... 320
Appointments, judicial. .. . . " ..... ... 750-751
- Official...... .. . . . . . .. 752-753
Appropriation Acts................ ..... 713-714
Area and population of Canada. .. . . . . . . . .. 93-125
- of Canada. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- of provinces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Areas of field crops in Canada, 1915-20..... 192-210
Armistice with Germany.................. 6, 22
Artificial limbs and appliances, provision of 24-25

PAGE.

Arts and Agriculture, expenditure for, 1916-
1920. . . .. . . . . .... . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Asbestic, quantity and value of, 1909-20. . 312
Asbestos........ . .. ....'............. 86
- Quantity and value of, 1909-20... .. ..... 312
Assessment, provincial Acts relating to. .' _ 723-724
Association for National Defence, Railway 17
Association of Canada, Railway.... .. . . . . . 17
Attendance, school, legislation relating to..
50-51
Automobiles, see under "Motor Vehicles."
Aviation Department, Imperial Ministry ·
of Munitions. . . 6

406

Bank Act, amended. ..... .. .. .........
Banking system of Canada. . . . . . . _ . .
Banks and Banking, statistics of.... .. ..
- Assets of, 1917-20.............,......
- Assets of in call and short loans, 1920... .
- Assets of in call and short loans, 1916-20
- Assets of in Dominion notes, 1920.. .. .
- Assets of Dominion notes, 1917-20.......
- Assets of in specie, 1920.... .. .. .. . . . .
- Assets of in specie, 1917-20.... ..... .
- Branch, number of, by provinces, 1868,
1902, 1905, 1915-20...... .. '" .... .. .
- Call and short loans elsewhere than in
Canada, 1917-20........ . . . . . .605, 608
- Capital of, paid up, 1917-20.. .......... 606
- Capital of, paid up, December 31,1920.. 603
- Cash due from other banks, 1892-1920. 608
- Central gold reserve...... . .. . .. ..593, 602, 605
- Chartered, number of branches of, by
provinces, December 31, 1920....... 600
- Clearing houses of, 1916-20....... . .. ... 607
- Current loans of, in Canada.. .. .. . _ 602, 605
- Deposits by the public in.... .. . . . . . . . . .603, 606
- Deposits by the public in, 1916-20....... 604
- Discounts of, 1916-20.. ., ............. 605
- Discounts to the people, 1916-20........ . 604
- Dividends, rates of.. . .. . . . .. ... _ . . . . . _ 603
- Itemized assets of, 1917-20....... ... .... 605
- Itemized liabilities of, 1917-20.... _..... 606
- Liabilities of, 1916-20..... . . . .. .. . . . . . . . 604
- Liabilities of in deposits by the public,
1920.... _ ............................
- J,iabilities of in notes in circulation, 1920
- Liabilities of in paid up capital, 1920. . . _
- Liabilities of in rest or reserve frind, 1920
- Liabilities, total and net, 1892-1920.. . . .
- Note circulation, statistics of, 1892-1920.
- Notes in circulation, 1916-20.. . . . . . . . . . .
- Ratio of reserves to net liabilities, 1892-
1920. ..............................
- Reserves with liabilities, additional,
1892-1920.. .......................
- Rest or reserve fund held by chartered,
by months, 1911-20., ................
Banks, Savings, Dominion Government,
1916-20......... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
- Savings, liabilities of Canada for, 1916-20
- Ravings, Post Office, 1916-20.......
- Securities of, 1892-1920......... . . .. . . . .
- Total business of Post Office and Do-
minion Government Savings, 1916-20. 610
Bankruptcy, Dominion Act relating to.. . . . 715
Barley, area and yield of, 1919, 1920.. .. ... 190
- Area, yield and value of, 1915-20. .. ... . 192-210
- Prices of at Winnipeg and Fort William,
1918-20.. ... ".... ............... _.. 244-248
- Stocks of in Canada, 1920-1921..... .' . . .262, 263
- World's production of, 1919-20. . .. ., 275-276
Beans, area, yield and value of, 1915-20.... 191-210
- Yield and value of, 1919-1920. . . . . . . . . .. 189-190
Bee Division of the Dominion Experimental
Farms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Beer, consumption of...................::. 560-561

3
596-597
596-610
605
602
605
602
605
602
605

599

406

603
603
603
603
608
596
604

280

609

608

607

609
557
609
608

[J{DEJ.

755

PAGE.
562
193, 202
19
108
109-118
4
24
734
24
15
16

Bc('r, duty rwr hmd paid on, 1912-1919
Beets, suitar, arm and
il.ld, UH5-20.....
HelJ(ilLn reli('f. . . . . . . . .. .
Birth-rate of Cnnada. ... . .
Hirt hs in Canada.. ......
Black
ea ports clOt!l,,(1. , ..
Blind, CanadÏ1m Kationn.l In
titute for....
- !\ ova
rot ia Act relating to. ..
- He-traininp: of. .
Board of Grain :"\up{'f\'isors. . . . . . . .
- of H.aih\o.v Commissioners. . . .
Booms and ::::litles, {'Xpenditure and revenue
for,1916-1920.., ... ...'.
Botanical Division of t h(' Dominion Experi-
mental Farms.........
Bountil'8, expenrliturc for, If116-20.. ... .
- C'rud(' })etroleum, 1905-20.. ."
- Fisherm('n's.
- J ('ad, Ib9
I-HHS
- =-,tati::itics of... .
-Z
('. . .
Brndstn.>et's statisties of cOImuercilLI fail-
ures. . _ . 612-613,615-617
Bricks in British Columbia. 317
- in
o\"a
cotia..... . .... 315
Bridl!;('8 and roads, expenditure for, HHfr-20 611
British Columbia, &J(riculturnl ex}X'rimcnts
in. .. . . . .. ... 287
- . ..-\J(ricul tural products of. . . . . . . " . 20
21O
- Education in. .121, 128. 131-133, 137, 142. 14S,
lfi l-ltì:J
- Fore
tr\ in....... ...
Jr2!IO. 292
- Goy('rnin('nt, publications of.... . ... 711-713
- Gon
rnment, receipts and expenditure of,
191 i-HI. . . .567, 569, 571
- \fin('ral production of 316-317
- Public lands of.. . 65!Hi61
-l"nin'rsityof.. . .. 151, 15
, 153, 2S7
British :\orth .\mericß Act. 614,645
- Prl'Í('r('ntial Tariff .. 10, 12
- Preft'rl'ntial Tariff, -\ct respecting...... . 12, 13
- War )1 i
ion at Washington... 18
Bronze, monetary Uf;(" of........ . " 591,594
Broom corn, imports of, 1902-1920.. . . 412
Buckwheat, area, yield and \alue of, HH5-
20, ..... .. 192-201
- A veraJo!;e yield and ,alue of, 191
19
and 19-20. .. .... .. .. . 189,
Building permits. "alue of, 1918-20.. .....
- Stones in British Columbia.....
Bull!;aria, war \\ ith, ended...... .. .
Rureau of J
abour, Saskatchewan...
Business failurt'S. . . .... . .
Blli;iness Profits War Tax Act.. ..
Butter, exports of from Cano.da, 191
21..
- Production in Canada .
- Values of in 1000, 1910, 191
19... ..
Buying and selling, Provincial Acts relating
to,.. .. .. __ .. 122-723
Byng, Lord, appointed Governor-General. 648

80
,'j.'>4
455
2
13 ,2() 296
4.

454-4.')5
4.'>4

1!)(1
5S1
317
75
726
612-618
11, 12
360-361
228-232
232

Cabinet ministers, 1896-1920.. ......
- )finisters, appointment of.
Cable Censorship Branch.. . . . .
Canada Food Board ......
- Gazette, e'ttracts from. . . . . . . .
- Gazette, receipts for, 1916-20.......
- Grain Act. . . . . .. .....
- Registration Board...... .
- Temperance Act ......
Canadian Curr('J1cv. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Government Rå.il\\ay System..
-
ational Institute for the Blind. .
-
ational Rail\\ay Company,
appropriation for.. ... ...n. .. . ... ..
-
ortbern Railway system incorporated
into Canadian National Rail\\ay sys-
tem......... ""
-
orthern Railway..
- Official Record..... . . . . . .
- Patriotic Society.... . . . . . . .
- Pension .-\ct...... . . . '
18t27-4'}!

650-652
749-750
14
15
748-753
553
446
16
663
590-598
457-458
24

458
458
14
34
. . . . . . .. . 37, 678-682

Canadian Rail\\a)'s, cO-Qrdinatcd C)pera-
tion of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
- War
[iS8ion at Wu::,bin
ton...... .. . . . . . 18
- \\ heat Board ... . . . .. ......... 15
Canal, Panamß ..... . . . . .. 484-485, 492-493
Canals, Canadian s
stt'ms of. .. 483
- C08t of construction of, 1868-1919... 491
- Cost of enlarJ(enwnt of, 1868-1919 491
- Exprnditure on, 1.'\6S-191t1...... . 400
- }>anama, traffic through..... ....... 492-493
- Principal o.rticles carried, 1917-18. 486-487
- RL'Cl'ipts from, 1915-19........ . .. 553
- Hc\ enue from, 1868-1918.. ..... . . . . .. . . . 400
-
ILUlt
t('. Marie, traffic through Cana-
dian, 1899-HH9.. ..... 487
- Statistics of....... ... . .. .. . . . . ... 483-493
- Tonnal!;e of traffic by canals and classes
of products, HH8-19... ' . .'
- TnLffic, by months, distribution of,
1914-19, . ... .... ..
- Traflie, distribution of, 1919... .. .
- Traffic throu
h Canadian, 1912-19..
Casual receipts, 1916--20..
CILSualtiNl, wo.r . .. . . .. .. .......
Catholic Workers of Canada. National
Fcd{'rntion of .... . . . .. .
CILulc, numt>l'1'8 u.nd valu('s of, in Can8Òa,
by pro\ in{'es, 1919-1920 .. . 220-222
- l'umbt'rR of in Canada, by provinc('ð,
1915-20 ' .. ... 222-223
- Value of b
' provinc('S, 1914-30...... . 224
CClIlt'nt, imports of }'ortland, lR!Jð-1920. 319
- Qunntity ami value of produced, It102-20. 313
CcnHOrl'ohip, Cable Branch 14
- Pr
. ......... . . '. 14
Centrol (;old r

rve . ,')!J3, IiI):"!, 60,1
Cereal Divi!'ion of the Dominion Experi-
mental Farms. .' . .. . .. 280-281
Cereals, world's production of, 1919-20.. .. 274-278
CharJ(c8 of munagcmpnt, Consolidated
Fund, HHß-20....... 5M
C'hart('r:i of incorporation ., .. 663
CbN'Se, exports of (rom Canada, 1918-21... 360-361
- Factories in Canada .. 228-232
- Oks.......... . ... . 284
-}Jroduction in Canada, 1917-19... .... . 231-232
- Values of. in 1900, 1907, 1910, 1915-1919, 232
Ch('mistry Division of the Dominion Ex-
pt'rimental Farms..... .. .
Chemistry. industrial.
Child Welfare Branch.
- Pro
inciallegislation re
pecting..
Children's Aid :-\O<'iety
China cJav........ ..
Chinese immi
ation. ....
- Revenue, 1916-20...... . . .
Chromite, production of, 1918-1920 ..
- Produ{'tion in Quebec, 1919 . .
Chronological History of Canada, 1491-1920
Cigars, consumption of. . .
- Excise Tariff for........ . .. . .
Cigarettes, exci'ie tariff for.. .. . ' , . .
Circulatin/l; medium in hands of the public,
1900-1920 . . . . . . . .... ..
Citi('S and towns, population of.. . . .
Civil government. cost of, 1916-20......
- Re-establishment. Departmcnt of.. '"
- Re-establishment, soldiers', Dominion
Acts relating to. . . .. ""'" ........ 21-29
- Service Amendment Act, 1919 (Domin-
,ion)............; .;.
- ServIce CommISSIon.. ..........
- Service examination fees, 1916-20..... .
- Service positions, preference for
- Service referm, provinciaL... . .. . .
Claresholm Demonstration farm.. . ..
Classical College8, Roman Catholic. . . . . . .
Clays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Climate and meteorology. ., .. . . . . . . . .
Clover, area, yield and value of, 1915-20..
Coal, exports of, 1903-20...... .... . . .
- Imports of bituminous, 1901-20....... . . .
- Occurrence 01. . . . . . . . .. ...............

671

713

PAGE.

486

485
486
4

--490
553
35

529

281
54
4&
724
.24
86
124
553
.. .304, 307
31.'>
65-76
561
560
560

598
99-100
544
21-22

41
42
553
41-42
728-729
286
141
86
164-187
191-210
320
320
87

756

I1VDEX

PAGE.

PAGE.
Coal, production of, by provinces, 1909-20.... . .312,
314-318
- Production of, in British Columbia.. .... 317
- Production of, in New Brunswick, 1916-19 315
Coal, quantity and value of, 1909-20.... . . . 312
Coast service, expenditure for, 1916-20.. .. . 553
- Service, receipts, 1916-20. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 553
Cobalt, production of, 1918-20... . . . . . .. . .. 304-306
- Camp, production of silver, etc.,1904-19. 316
Cod fish marketed, 1918-19...... ...... . ., 296
- Exports, 1918-1921............ .......... 356-357
Coinage at the Ottawa branch of the Royal
Mint, 1918-20.. . . . ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Coin and bullion, exports and imports of,
1868-1918. . ................ .. ......... 339
Coke, production of in British Columbia. . 317
- Production of in Nova Scotia, 1918-19... 315
Cold storage of perishable products. . . . . ... 236-238
- Storage warehouses in Canada, 1920..... 237-238
Collection of revenue, cost of, 1916-20...... 552
Collective bargaining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 527
Colleges of agriculture...... .. . . . . .158-163, 282-287
Colonization, Immigration and, Department 42
Commerce, see under" Trade and Com-
merce."
Commercial failures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . .. 612-618
Commissioners, appointment of....... _ 751-752
Commission, Royal, on Wheat Supplies. ... 15
Commodities, prices of. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. 542-550
Commons, House of. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 645-648
Communications, transportation and, sta-
tistics of...... . .. . . . . . . . . . . - . . . - . - . . . - 456-521
Compensation to seigneurs, 1916-20.... . .. 557
Compulsory education. . . . . . . . . . . . " 50-51, 734, 735
Condensed milk factories.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230-231
Congress, Trades and Labour. . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
Conservation and production. . . .. _ . . . . . _ . . 718
Conservation Commission, publications of. 705
- Of life. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . 44-45
- Of food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
Consolidated fund, 1916-20. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. 552-554
- Expenditure, 1916-20......... ..... .. 552-554
- Receipts, 1916-20...................... .552, 553
- Surplus, 1916-20.. . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . 552
Control of wheat marketing.... . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15
Convicts, see under "Judicial Statistics and
Penitentiaries."
Co
peration, provincial Acts relating to.. 729-730
Co-ordinated operation of Canadian rail-
ways................................. 17
Copper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87-88
- Production of, 1918-20... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 304-301
- Production of in British Columbia...... 317
- Production of in Yukon Territory, 1912-
20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
- Quantity and value of, 1901-20..... . . . .. 310-311
Copyrights, trade marks, etc.. . . . _ . . . . . . . . 456
Com, area, yield and value of, 1915-20.. ... 191-210
- World's production of, 1919-20.......... 277
Corporations, provincial Acts relating to... 730-731
Cost of living. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542-550
Cotton wool, imports of, 1902-20....... . .. . 412
Cows, number of milch in Canada, by
provinces, 1915-20...... ............... 222-223
- N urn bers and values of milch in Canada,
by provinces, 1919-20.... ............. 220-222
- Values of milch, by provinces, 1914-19. _ 224
Creameries in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 228-232
Creamery butter, production and value of,
1917-19. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 229-230
Credit, banking, of Canada. .............. 597
Criminal and judicial statistics....... _. ... 685-696
- Charges, convictions and acquittals,
1917-1919.. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. .. 686
- Classification of convicts, 1914-20....... 695-696
- Code amendment. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
- Convictions and sentences for all offences 687-688
- Convictions by classes of offence and
proportion of each class to the total,
]913-19.. ............................. 691-692
- Convictions for indictable offences, 1918-
19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
- De3th sentences.. . .. ....... . . .. . . .. . . . . . 686

Criminal statistics, drunkenness, convictions
for, 1915-19........... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Juvenile criminals convicted of indict-
able offences, 1919..... - '" 688-689
- Nature of crimes.... .... .. . '" . . ....... 691-692
- Penitentiaries.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. 694-696
- Summary convictions, 1919............ 686
Cullers' fees receipts, 1916-20..... . . . . . . . . . 553
Culling timber, expenditure for, 1916-20.... 554
Currency, Canadian....................... 590-598
- Dominion Act respecting. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 716
Customs Tariff
-Amendment Act. ............. .........
- War Revenue Act. _ _ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repeal of. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- And Inland Revenue, Department of....
- Expenditure, 1916-20. ...................
- Taxes receipts, 1916-20........ . .. . . . . . . .

693

12
10, 12
12-13
560
554
553

Daily Record, Canadian... ............... 14
Dairy products, total value of, 1919....... . 232
Dairying in Canada. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. 228-232
Death-rate of Canada.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 109-118
Deaths during year.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 747-748
Debt of Canada, statistics of, 1916-20... . . . 556-558
- Assets of, 1916-20....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
- Charges on, 1916-20......... . ., . . . . . . . . . 552
- Expenditure for interest on public, 1916-
20. _......... _. - .............
- Funded, 1916-20.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Funded, payable in London and Canada,
1920............................ _.....
- Interest from investments, 1916-20.... . .
- Net, 1916-20........... .. ..... ...
- Sinking funds, 1916-20... ........ .......
Decorations, ImperiaL.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Defence, see under" Militia," and" Naval
Service. "
Delinquent, neglected and, children, pro-
vinciallegislation respecting. . . .. . . . . .
Demobilization, cost of. ..................
Demobilized soldiers, employment of. . . . .
Density of population in Canada. . . . . . . . . .
Dental Branch, Dept. of Soldiers' Civil
Re-establishment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental treatment, post discharge.. . . . . . . .
Department of Health, Dominion Acts re-
specting. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4546
- Of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment,
work of....... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-29
Dependants, soldiers', free transportation
from overseas........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deportation of undesirable immigrants.. . .
Deposits, loans and discounts, bank....... .
Discount and exchange premium, expendi-
ture for, 1916-20............. ....... ...
- Receipts, consolidated fund accounts,
1916-20.. ............................. 553
Discounts, bank deposits, loans and....597, 604-605
Distillation, statistics of, 1916-20... . . . . . . . 562
Distribution of labour, by industries, 1881-
1911... . . .. .. . .... . ...... . . . ....... .. . 523
Districts, electoral, under the Representa-
tion Act, 1914.... . ... . . . . . .. ...... 646-648
Divorces in Canada, 1
68-1920. .. . . . . . . . . . 697
Dominion Bureau of Statistics, organization
of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58-64
- Council of Health.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 46
- Experimental Farms and Stations.. . . . .. 279-282
- Information.and Service Branch... . . .. . 27
- Lands.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . _ 655-657
- Lands Act......... .......... ........... 717
- Lands, residence on, requirements. ...... 655
- Lands, expenditure, 1916-20..... . . . . . .. . 554
- Lands, receipts from, 1916-20........... 553
- Legislation. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . ... 713-720
- Ministries, 1896-1920....... ..... .. ... ... 650-653
- Notes...... _............. .591-592, 594, 595,598
- Notes Act, 1914-1915.................. .591, 592
- Notes, circulation and reserves, 1890-1920 595
- Notes, denominations of, 1915-20........ 594
- Notes in hands of public, 1900-1920..... 598
- Notes. legislation, 1868-1915. . . ., . . . . . . . 592

554
557

558
556
556
554-557
752

724
43
26
94

25
25

43
122
597

554

INDEÀ

757

PAGE.
Dominion Parliaments. 11\67-1920.... .... 649-650
- Police expediture, HIl6-20............... 554
- Provincial employment offices. . . . . .. . . . 26
- Representation at Lcague of Nations..... 738-742
-
tat istician, first r('port of. ... .., 63-M
-
teame1":', receipts, 1916-20......... . . . . . 553
Doukbobor lands. ........
tl
Drainap;e basins of Canada... . . . . .. 81
Drain pipe and tile in :\'ova
rotia, 1919... 315
- Pipe in Quebre... ..... .. . . . . . . . . 315
Dre<bdng plant, expmditure for, 1916-20.... 671
Drunkenness, convictions for, in Canacln.
1915-19. . .. ........ ....... . ..... ..... 693
Dry docks of Dominion Government..... 66
670
- Sub
idies Act, uno........ .. ...... 670
Dun's statistics of commercial failures.. ... 612-ti18
Dutil'R rollect<.'<l on exports and imports,
1868-1921. . ." .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . 340
Duties per head paid on spirits, \\ ine, bl'er
and tobacco, 1913-20.... _........ '" 562
Duty. average rat<'8 of, ('.olle<'ted on im-
ports from IT .K., U .
., and ü.ll coun-
tries, 1868-1920..... 410
- Coll('Cted on imports, by provinces,
1915-19.. ......... .10-411

F.astview, fann lands at . . . . . . . . . .
Economic Fibre Plants Dh ision of the
Dominion Expt'rimental :Farms.
- Goolop;y in Canada, 1919. . . . . . .
Edmonton, Coll
e of Agriculture...
Education in Canada..... . . ..
- Academies in Quebec. . .. . . . . . . . . .
- Average school attendance of pupils,
134-137, 138, 141, 142
- Colleges of Canada.... . 158-163
- Cost per pupil, 1919...... ............... 132-133
- Denominational Universities and Col-
leges. . . . . .. ...... ... . . . , . . . . . 127
- Expenditure for public.. .. . . .132-133, 143-148
- General features of Canadian system of. 126
- Higher, in Canada......... . .127, 15(}-163
- High schools.... ...... 141-142
- Legislation, recent provincial. . .. 50-51
- Model schools...... 139-140
- Xormalschools. .................. ... 138-140
- Profel>SOrs, number of university, 1919-20 152
- Provincial legislation r('specti
. .. . .. 734-736
- Pupils, number of in publicly controlled
schools in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . .130-133, 134-137
- Receipts for public, 1901-19.. . . . . . . . . 143-148
- Roman Catholic classical colleges...... 141
- Schools, number of public, in Canada. 130-131
- Secondary school students in Canada.. 130-131
-Statistics of Canada ...... ............130-163
- Students, number of university, 1919-20. 153-155
- Teal'hers, average annual salaries of,
1918--19.. .......... ............... 132-133, 149
- Teachers, number of, in Canada ... 132-133
- Technical, in Canada................... 49-129
- L'niversities of Canada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15(}-157
- Yocational, Dominion assistance to..... 49,I2<J
Elections, provincial generaL.... ......... 745
Electric light, e1penditure on consolidated
fund for, 1916-20.................. ..
- Light inspection receipts, 1916-20........
- Light and power companies registered,
1913-20... . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . 563
- Flectric Railways of Canada, statistics of 473-476
- Capital of, 1919......................... 475
- Earnings of, 1919... ...... ............ 475
- Operating Expenses, 1919.......... . . . 475
- Passengers of, 1901-19........... . _ .. .. 474
Electric energy generated or produced for
export and for consumption in Canada,
1916-20............................ 564-565
- Installations of municipalities served by
the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power
Commission, financial statistics of,
1919. ....................,...... 584-591
Elementary education in Canada.. .. .126, 130-133,
134-137
Elevators, grain........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 446-448

2t)1
86-92
286
126-163
135

Employment Bureaus, Dominion lcgisla-
tion rf'Specting. .................. .51, 534-535
Employml'nt Burc.Lus, Establishment of
Government. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50-51
Employment Commissions, Provincial
Rcturned Soldiers' . . .. ... . .........
- Conditions...... .... ....... .......
- Of demobilized soldiers..... ... ........
- Offices, Dominion-ProvinciaL... .. .. . . .
- Offices, Co
rdination Act. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Operation of....... .. .. ........... .
Bnp;ineering Department, Imperial Ministry
of
lunitions.. _ ... ...... ... . . .. .. 6
Events of the ymr 1920, principaL.... .. . .. 738-748
Excess Income Tax....... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Exchange, premium and discount, expendi-
ture for, 1916-20...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

xc
le
er Co,!rt Reports r(-ccipts, 1916-20
Excise' xpemhturc, 1916-20....... . .......
- LicCMe8, numbcr of, issued, 1912-20.... .
- nevenu('
, 1915-20... . . .. . . . . . . . . .
- 'I'ariff, Canaclian.. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
- Tax<'8, receipts, 1916-20....... .... .. .....
Expunditurc on Consolidated Fund .Account,
detailed, 1916-20 .... .. ' . . "
- For collection of revenUt', 1916-20.. ... "
- For premium. discount and cxchango,
1916-20. . .. ...................... 5.1)4
- For public edul'ation, 1901-19...... .128, 143-148
- Of Canada, 1916-20..... ..... _ . . . . . . . , . 552
- Of provincial govl'rnments, 1917-19...... 567-571
- Oftypicalfamily........ ........... 549
- Of urban municipalitiee, 1919....... .. . .. 570-591
- Per head of population, 1868-1920.. ..... 556
Ex(X'rimcnt farms, Dominion........ . . . . .. 279-282
Experiment :-5 tat ions of Canada, Agricul tura1279-287
Exports, see undt.r "Trade and Commerce"
Extension and Publicity Division of tbe
Dominion Expl'rimental Farms....... . 281
Extracts from the Canada Gazette. .. . . . .. 748-753
Export Company, wheat. .. . . . . . . . . 15
Express companiC8, statistics of.. .... 180--483
- Capitalization of..... ... ....... " 481
- Earnin
of, 1915-19............ . . ...... 483
- Financial paper 0(, business in, 1917-19.. 4
2
- Operating expenses of, 1915-19........... 482
- Operating mileage of, 1917-19........... 481
- Privileges, payment for, 1915-19. 482
Failures, commerciaL..... . . .. ........... 612-618
Fair Wages Branch of Labour Department 526
Farm help in Canada, wages of..... .. .. . .. 217-219
- Lands, value of, by provinces, 1908, 1910,
1914-20.... ... . .... .. ............216-217
Fellowships for scientific and industrial
research. . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . .. ..... 56
Female labour in Canada. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. 522-523
Field Crops, 1915-20......... .....188-210, 211-213
- Crops, annual average yiclds per acre of,
1915-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 210-213
- Crops, comparative value of, 1919 and
1920..... ... ........................
- Crops, total areas and values of in Can-
ada, 1915-20........ .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
- Crops, values of, 1919 and 1920..........
- Husbandry Division of the Dominion
Experimental farms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Finance, Dominion Acts respecting........ 713-714
- Statistics of. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 551-644
Fines and forfeitures, receipts from, 1916-20 553
Fish and fisheries, statisties of. .. ........ 293-302
- Capital invested, 1919.......... .. 293-295
- Exports and imports of, 1902-20.... .. . . . 301
- Exports of, by principal countries, 1919-
1920 . . . . _ . . ' . ... .. .........
- Exports of, by quantities and values,
1918-21. . . . . . . . ... .. . .. .. . . ... ..... 356-359
- Exports of, by values, 1868-1920........ . 344
- Imports of, by quantities and values,
1918-21.. . . . . . . . . .. .................. 384-385
- Imports of, dutiable and free, 1902-20.. . 301
- Markets for fresh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 295-296
- Xumber and value of vessels, nets, etc. 294-295

33

554
553

P\GE.

26
26-27
26
26
534
535

554
553
554
563
561
560
553

554
552

215

214
190

301

758

INDEX

PAGE.
Fish, persons employed in fisheries... . . .. . 295
- Quantity and value of sea fish marketed
1918 and 1919.......... . .. . . . . . . ... 296-298
- Quantity and value of inland fish market-
ed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Fisheries. Expenditure for, 1916-20...... .. . 554
- Government bounties for. _ ... . . .293-294, 296
- Inland, quantities and value of the
catch of, 1918-19. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
- Materials employed, value of. 1918-19.. 294-295
- Number of men employed in, 1918-19.. .293. 295
- Of Canada. . . . .. _ . . _ _ .. .. .. ... _ . . .. 293-302
- Quantity and value of chief commer-
cial.1915-1919................... .....299-300
- Receipts, 1916-20.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
- Value of by provinces, 1916-1919... 300
- Value of total, 1870-1919... ... ',. _ 301
- Vessels and boats, number and value of,
1918-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........ 294-295
Flax, average annual yield per acre, 1915-20 210-213
Flax fibre, production of in Ontario. 1915-19 257-258
Flax..
eed, area of, 1915-20...... . .192, 199, 201, 203
205-207

- Area and yield of, in Prairie Provinces,
1918-20. .... __ .. ...... "'''__
- Prices of. at Winnipeg and Fort William,
1920.... _,.." '_... .....
- Stocks of, in Canada. ..... .. .
Fodder crops, yield of. . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food, adulteration of, expenditure. 1916-20.
- Board, Canada.. ........
- Control. .. . . . _ . . . . . . .
- Control, cessation of..... ........
- Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Production and conservation....
- Standards...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forage Plants Division of the Dominion
Experimental Farms. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forest products, statistics of........ .. .
- Exports of, by values, 1868-1920........
- Pulp and pulpwood, 1915-19...... .. . . .
- Pulpwood, consumption of, by provinces,
1918-1919.. .. ... .... ............
- Quantity and value of lath, 1917-19. ...
- Quantity and value of lumber, 1917-19..
- Quantity and value of shingles, 1917-19..
- Value of wood for pulping, 1917-19......
- Wood for pulp exported to U.S.. 1904-20.
- Wood used in manufacture of pulp, 1917-
1919. ... .... ...... . ...... ...
- Wood pulp exported by countries, 1915-20
Wood, wood products and paper, exports
of, 1918-21. .. .. . . . . . . .
- Imports of, 1918-21... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forest survey of Petewawa Reserves. . . . . .
Forestry, provincial legislation respecting.
- Pulpwood, consumption and value of,
1908-19.. .. .. . . .. ............. . . ..
Forfeitures. receipts from, 1916-20. . . . . . . . _
Foster, Sir George, Vice-president League
of Nations Assembly. . . . . . . .. ....... 738
Free grant lands. . . . . 655. 658. 659
French Relief.... .. " 19
Fuel Administrators, . . . 15, 16
- Administrators. Local. .. . . . . 15. 16
- Control....... .., 15, 16
- Controller.. . .........' ..... 15, 16
Funded debt payable in London and in
Canada, March 31, 1920.. .
Furnaces, iron blast, in Canada, 1920.......
Fuse Department, Imperial Ministry of
Muni tions. . . . . . . . . . .

.... .5.

Gas, expenditure on Consolidated Fund for,
1916-20... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Inspection, receipts for, 1916-20.. .
- NaturaL......... ................
- Natural. production of. 1919-20.........
Geographical features of Canada. . . . . . . . .
Geology in Canada, 1919, Economic.. .....
Gold. in British Columbia, production of.
- In Canada. . .. ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ .
- In Nova Scotia, production of, 1919.....

244
261-262
189-190
554
15
14-15
15
14, 15
3-6
560

281
288-293
345
289-292

362-365
390-393
55
722

554
553
90
304-306
76-86
86-92
317
88-89
315

Gold, monetary use of.... ...........
- Production of, in Ontario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Quantity and value of, produced in
Canada, 1901-20....................... 308
- Reserve, centraL..... . . . . . . . . .. . . .593, 602. 605
- Reserves. Canadian, 1905-20..... . . . . . .. 593-594
- World's production, 1918-19..... _ . . .. .. 318-319
Government Annuities.................... 619-620
Government of N.W.T., expenditure, 1916-
20. .................................
Governors-General of Canada, 1867-1921...
Grain Act, Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ _
- Crops in Prairie provinces, 1918-20......
- Crops, quality of.... _ . . . . . .. . .. ....
- Crops, value of per bushel. . . . . . . . . .
- Crops, yield of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
- Elevators, number and storage capacity
of', 1901-21. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. 446-448
- For distillation, quantity of, 1916-20.. . . 562
- Growing countries of the world, average
yields of wheat and other cereals in,
1919-20..... ........ .........._....274-278
- Harvest in Prairie Provinces, 1920.. .190-191, 213
- Inspection of, 1914-21... _. .. 452-453
- Inspection of. 1919-21...... '" .........449-451
- Shipments of by vessels and all-rail
route, 1919 and 1920.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
- By vessels from Fort William and Port
Arthur. 1918-1919.. .,. 453
- Statistics. . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 446-454
- Stocks in Canada, March, 1918-20....... 261
- Supervisors, Dominion Board of. . . . . 15
Grand Trunk Railway, legislation respect-
ing...... . . . . _ . . 718
Granite in Quebec............. 315
Gratuities, war service.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-41
Graving Docks of Dominion Government. 669-670
- Docks subsidized under Dr)' Docks
Subsidies Act, 1910. . .. .. . , . . . . .. .. .
Great Britain commandeers railways......
Great Lakes of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Guelph, Ontario, Agricultural College at...
Gutta percha, imports of, 1902-20..... . . . . .
G . W . V .A.. .. . .. .. .. .... - .. . .. .. .... --..
Gypsum produced in Canada. 1919-20. .. ..

Harbour Commissions.,................
Harbour works, expenditure for, 1916-20.
Harvest yields, 1919-20... ......... ....
Hay, area, yield, and value of, 1915-20.....
Health, Dominion Council.of...... ... ... .
- Establishment of Dominion Department
of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - . _ ' . . _ ' . _. . 45
- Public, recent provincial legislation.... . 46-48
Hemp. imports of undressed. 1902-20..... 412
Hides, imports of, 1902-20...... . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Higher education in Canada.......... .127, 150-163
Highways, provincial legislation respecting 726-727
History of Canada, chronologicaL..... . . , 65-76
Home Service Branch, Soldiers' Settle-
ment Board..........................
Homestead entries....... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Honorary Advisory Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research. . ' .
Honours and decorations. Imperial.. . . . . . .
Horns, imports of, 1902-20.... ....... ....
Horses, number and values ot, in Canada,
by provinces, 1919-20. .............
- Numbers of in Canada, by provinces,
1915-20. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. _ . . _ . . . 222-223
- Values of, by provinces, 1915-20. .... .. 224-227
Horticulture Division of the Dominion
Experimental Farms..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Hospitals, expenditure on )Iarine, 1916-20.. 554
- Military, commission...... ...... _. . .., 20-21
House of Commons, representation in. . . . . .. 645-648
- New members of...... .. .......... 749
Hudson Bay lands. 33, 656
Hudson Bay Railway.. . .. . 459-460
Hudson's Bay Co. land sales. 1917-19.. .... 656
Hydro-Electric Power Commission of
Ontario.. .. .. . __ _ .. .. ... ". ......... 581-.j91

213

289
288
288
288
290
293

290
292

290
553

558
313

6

PAGE.
590-591
316

554
648
446
213
216
190
188-189

454

670
17
83
284
412
34
304-306

671-672
671
188-189
191-210
46

34:
657

53-57
752
412
752
220-222

I ^T DE.\

759

I'lustrntion :--tations Division of the Do.
minion Experinwntdl I.'arms 281-282
ImmÌJcration and Colonization Department 42
hnmiJ,!;mtion. statistics of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 118-125
- Arrivals at inland and ocean ports, by
nationalitil'B. IHI4-20.. 121
- .\rri\"als in HH9-20 119
- .\rrivals in Canada. 1897-19:?0 120
- ('hint.
e immigr..u1.ts... . . . ... .. .. .120, 124
- I )eport.lt ions after admission. 1903-20... 122
- D
tination of immi
rnnts into Canaùa.
by provinces, 1901-20. .12J, 124
- FXPf'ndi ture, IS68-1920."..... 125
- Fxpenditurc for. 1916-20.. . . . 5.')4
- From rnit{'d Statros. 1!H9-20........ .119. 121
- From tlu' l:niteù Kingùom, 1919-20, .. 119
- Juvenilf'. . I')')
- Ori('ntal. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
- H.ejcction of immigrants at ocean ports,
l!}():J-20 . . . . .... .
- St..x, occupation and destination of ar-
rival
. HIl9-HI20........
ImJX'rial honours anù decorations .... ...
Imperial
runitions Board. ...
In)(X'rial \\ ar Cabinf't-rcport.... .. . . . . . .
Implt..m('nts, farm. roouction in duty on....
Importntion of \\ hf'.lt ffl'C, into Canada.
Import!!.
L'C uOller"Trade and Commcrce."
Income\\m.TaxAct......... ......11.12.714
Incorpomt ion, charters of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Ind ia. Bri tish, eJ:pectation of life in.. . . . . U
Jnllian Affairs....... 665-66S
- Lands.. .. . .. ..... ... . . . . 33
Indians, fidd crops of, 1919...... 667-6tì8
- EX}>('nditure. for, 1916-20...... . .. 554
- Income, sources and value of. 1919. 668
- IJand!'1. ß('rt.'a
t.. and value, 1919......... 667
- I.ive stock of, 1919......... . 6&.,
- Population of. by provinces, 1911-17... 665
- Population of, di1'tribution by age, scx,
and province. HH7 ........ 606
- H.eliJ,!;ionof.1917...... .. 666
-
chool attendance of, 1919.. . ... . 667
Indi'l-rubl)('r, ra.w, imports of, 1002-20..... 412
Industrial dl':)igns..... ... 456
- Disputes... 532-534
- Disputt':i InvcstiJ,!;'1.tion Act .' .. . . ., 526-527
- H.cs('arch, Advisory Council for
cien-
tific and.... .. " . ... . .
Information, D('partment of Public....
- \nd Servi('c Branch... .... .
- Associate Director of Public. . . . .
- Dir<'Ctor of Public..... ... . .. . . . . .
Indu:.trics, see under ")Ianufactures."
- "orkers engaged in, IS81-1911 .,
Inland Revenue, Department of Customs
and...... ...... ... ...
- Revenue. statistics of....... . .. .. .
- \\ aters of Canada . . . .. '" - ........-
Insolvency, Dominion leitislation respecting
Inspection Department, Imperial :\Iinistry
of
Iunitions... .
In..,pection of grain... ...... ...... ...
- Of staples, expenditure for, 1916-20.....
- Of staples. receipts from. 1916-20........
- Institute for the Blind, Canadian Na.-
tional. . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Institutes, women's. .............. 34
Insurance Act, returned soldiers'.. 39
Insurance, statistics of....... . . . . . . . . .. b
0-644
- Accident, 1919.. ......... . .. . .. . .. ..639, 642, 643
- AutomobiJe, 1919. .......... .639,642,643
- Burglary, 1919. .................. " .639.642,643
- Death-rate in Canada, 1916-19....... . .. 633
- Employers' liability, 1919..... .639.642,643
- Explosion, 1919... _ . .... . . . .. .639,642, 64:i
- Fire....... ............. b20-21, 623-631, 641,644
- Fire. amount at risk, 1869-1919...... _. 627
- Fire and other classes of, assets of com-
panies doing, 1915-19..... . . . . . . . . . . .. .

PAGE.
IIydro-Elcdricity. provincial legislation
re8Iwcting....... . . 731-732

53-57
14
27
14
14

523-524

560
560-565
81-86
715

6
449-453
554
553

PAGE.

122

Insurance, fire and other classes of. cash
income and expenditure of companies
doinp:, 1915-19..... ........ . . .". 630-631
- Fire and other classcs of, liabilities of
companies doing, 1915-19........ .. . ." 629
- Fir(', busin<'S8 tmn
acted in Canada, 1919 623-625
- Fire. British companies, 1919. ... 623-624
- j.'ire, Canadian companies, 1919... . . 623
- }'irc, forci
companies, 1919....... .. . " 62-1-625
- Fire. companies, aggregate businebS of.
1869-1919 . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. ...........
- }'ire and other classes of, Jiabilities of
companie
doinp:, HI14-19.... .........
- Fir(', by companies, etc., not licensed in
Canada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
- I.'ire, foreign companies. 1919 . .. 624 625
-I.'ire, loesee paid for, 1
6!}-HIl9... . . .. ... 626
- Vire, premiuJlls receivl,,<1 for. ISt.i9-1919. . 626
- I.'ire. pr('miums received and IOSSl'S paid,
1
7S-1919. . .. . . . .
- Fire, premiums and 1088e8, by pro\ inces,
l!H 9 .... . 631
- Guarantee, 1919. 639,642, 64:{
- Hail, HH9 .,. ... 6:J9. 642, 643
- Inland transportation, 1919.. ..... .639,642. 64:{
- lJU)pL'Ction. receipts for, 1916 -:.W .1)53
- Licensees. Dominion and Provineia1..641, 642, 643
- Life...... . ... .6!1-622. 632- 619, 64:{
- life com pan it.. , 1915-l!1... .. . .... 632-6:{3
Hriti:.h, n.....'iet:. of, HI15-19........ . 6:i4
British, liabilities of. H1l5-19 63:'>
('.lnadian, 8.8."ets of. 1915-19 ... ö34
CW1ddi
ln,liabilitil'sof. 1915 19...... 635
Cash ('xJ}{'n,liture of. 1!HS-EI.. 616-6:17
Cash incomo of, 1915-19... 6:{6
Forei
, assets of, !915-19.. ... 634
,!<'ort.'Ì2:n,liabilitit.,s of. 1915-19.... 6:i.')
Liabilities of, 1915-19. ... _.' . 63.5
- Life companies on nsst'
ment plan 1321,63H
h8et
of, 1915-19 . 638
Expenditure of. 1915-HI. 638
Income of, 1915-19 638
Liabilitit."8 of, 1915-19 . 638
- Life companies. premium income of,
1914-19 .. ...
- Life, in all companil'8, 1914 -19
Briti
h companics, 1914-19 '...
Canadian comJ;anics, HIl4-1!t...
FO['t'ign eomp:mil'!'\. l!Jl4-19
- Life. in Canada, 1915-19. . .
- Lifc iru,urance dt'ath-rate in Canada,
1916-19. .... . .. . . .. .. .. . ..
- Life insurance, provision of returned
soldiers'.. ." . ..... .,
- Life, issued and terminated, 1915-19. .
- Life, net amount of. in force, 1914-19. .
- Life policies issued, new, 1915-19..
- Life. policies, premiums and claims,
1915-19.. . . ., .'... 632-633
Bri tish companies. . . . . . . 6:t

Canadian companics. . . ., . . . . . 632
Foreign companies................ .... 632
- Live stock, 1919... . . . . .. 639. 642, 643
- Othcr than Fire and Life, 1919.622, 63
1-
641, 642-6-13
Assets of Canadian companies, 1919.... ß40
Expenditure of Canadian companies,
1919 ., .. . . . . ., . .......
Expenditure of other than Canadian
companies,1919.... .......640-ó41
Income of Canadian companies, 1919. . 6-10
Income of oth<"i' than Canadian com-
panies. 1919.. .. . . . . . ' . . . . . .. .... 64:0-641
Liabilities of Canadian companies. 1919 640
- Plate glass, 1919..... 639 642. 643
- Sickness. 1919. ,6:iY. 6!2, 643
- :-;prinkler leakage, 1919.. .639. 642. 643
- :-;team boiler. 1919...... _ .639. 642. 64:3
-Tornado,1919.... ...... .639.612.643
- War claims incurred, 1914-19..... .621-622. 639
- Weather, 1919 (hail, tornado)... 6t!, 64:3
Interest on investments, 1916-20... . . 552
- On Public Debt, expenditure for HH6-20 55

627

629

627

123
752
6. 18
7
13
12

637
6:U
637
6:17
6:J7
6:1! 633

633

38--40
6'32 -633
637
632-633

640

628

.

760

INDEX

PAGE.

PAGE.
International Trade Unionism in Canada 528
Intoxicating liquors, legislation respecting 727-728
Investments, interest on, 1916-20. . . . . . . . . . 553
Iron and its products, exports of, 1918-21... 366-369
- And its products, imports of, 1918-21... 392-399
- Blast furnaces in Canada, 1920.......... 313
- In Nova Scotia, 1919...... .. .. .. ....... 314-315
- Ore, quantity and value of, 1909-20.. _ . . 311
- Ores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
- Quantity and value of pig, 1909-20...... . 312
Islands of Canada. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . 86

Judicial appointments..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 750-751
Judicial statistics......................... 685-696
- Charges, convictions and acquittals,
1917-1919............................. 686
- Classification of convicts, 1914-20.... . .. 695-696
- Convictions and sentences for all offences 687-688
- Convictions by classes of offence and
proportion of each class to the total,
1913-19.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 691-692
- Convictions for indictable offences, 1918-
19. .. . . .. .... ... ....... ............. 686
- Death sentences... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
- Drunkenness, convictions for, 1915-19... 693
- Juvenile criminals, convicted of indict-
able offences, 1919........ . . .. . . . . .. .. 688-689
-Nature of crimes....... .........691-692
- Penitentiaries. .. .. ...... .. .. .... .. ..... 694-696
Judicial statistics, summary convictions,
1919. ... .... . .. .. .. ... ......... .. .. . .. 686
Justice, cost of administration of, 1916-20. . 554
Juvenile immigration into Canada. .. . . . . . . 122

Kemp, Hon. A. E...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652

Labour, wages and prices, statistics of.. ... 521-550
- Conditions in 1919 and 1920.. .. . .. ... . .. 529-534
- Department. . . . . . . . . . . .. ......... .27,525-527
- Department, organization of............ 525
- Department, weekly family budget. . . . . 5
- Dominion legislation respecting, 1920.... 717-718
- Expenditure on Consolidated Fund Ac-
count, 1916-20...... . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .
- Fair '''ages Branch.... .. .. ............
- Industrial disputes, 1901-1920. .... ..
- Industrial Disputes Investigation Act...
- Legislation.... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Organizations in Canada. . . . . .. . . . . . .. .
- Organized, strength of in Canada. .....
- Prices of commodities...... . .. ...
- Provincial legislation respecting. . . . . . . . .
- Wages of farm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Wages statistics... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lakes, the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Land area of Canada. . . . . . . . .. " ........
- Sales of, by railway companies and
Hudson's Bay Co., 1918-20... .. . . . . . . . 656
- Settlement of returned soldiers. . . . . . . . . . 29-35
- Values of farm, by provinces, 1908-10,
1914-20.. . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lands,

a and value of Indian, 1919... .. .
- Dominion. . " _ _ . . . . .. ,'. .
- Dominion, expenditure for, 1916-20......
- Provincial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Provincial legislation respecting. . . . . " .
Lath, quantities and values of, 1917-19.....
Law stamps, receipts for, 1916-20..... . . . _
Lead, bounties on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- In British Columbia........_...........
- In Quebec... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Quantity and value of, 1909-1920... .. . . .
League of Nations, Assembly of. . . . . . . . . .
Legislation, cost of, 1916-20....... .. . . . . . . .
- Dominion. . . . . . . .
- Provincial. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. ..............
Leprosy Act, administration of. . . .. . . . . . . .
Liabilities of Canada, 1916-20.............
;.Jeutenant Gov
rnors of provinces, 1867-
19
0. . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . .. .. . .. .... 653-654
- New................................... 748

554
526
532-534
526-527
525-526
527-532
529-530
542-550
725-726
217-219
536-542
83-86
93

216-217
667
655-657
554
657-661
736-737
288
553
454
317
315
311
738-742
554
713-720
720-738
45
557

Life insurance, returned soldiers', provision
of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-40
Lighthouse and coast service, cost of and
receipts from, 1916-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .553, 554
Lignites, western, briquetting of........ ... 53
Lime in Quebec. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Limestone in Nova Scotia, 1919........... 315
- In Quebec. . . . . .. . . . .. ....... ......... 315
Live stock, numbers, by provinces, 1919-20 220-222
- Stock, numbers of in Canada, 1915-20... 222-223
- Stock, numbers of, in 1920.............. 219
- Stock, values of in Canada, 1914-20.. . .. 223-227
Loan and Trust Companies. .... .. . . . . . . . .. 610-612
- Liabilities and assets of, 1914-19........ 610-611
Loans and discounts, bank........ .. . . . . . . . 597
- Liabilities for temporary, 1916-20.... .. . 557
- Public................................. 557
- To vocational and university students. 28-29
Lobster fisheries..... . .. .. ...........294, 295, 298
Lobsters, e>.ports of, 1919-20..... ... .. .. . . . 302
Lockouts, strikes and, 1901-20.... .. . . . . . . . 533
Losses, the war.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Lumber, quantities and value of, produced,
1919-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Lougheed, Hon. Sir James A., P.C.,
K.C.M.G........ .... .......... ....... 20

'Iacdonald College, Ste.Anne de Bellevue. 283
Magnesite, production of, 1919-20..... .304,306, 315
Magnesium sulphate....................... 89-90
Mail subsidies and steamship subventions,
1918-20. . . . . . .. . . ... . .. .. . . . . . . .. . .... 517-518
- Cost of, 1916-20. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . 554
Malcolm, Wyatt, Economic Geology in
Canada, 1919........ . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Male labour in Canada... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Malt, excise tariff for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Malt liquor, consumption of.. .............
Malt taken out of bond for consumption,
1915-20. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, charges of, Consolidated
Fund, 1916-20......................... 554
Mangolds, area, yield and value of, 1915-20 193-209
Manitoba, agricultural products of, 1915-20 203-204
- Agricultural college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 284-285
- Education in.... .131-133, 136, 139, 145, 151-155
- Government, publications of. .146, 157,
159, 161, 163
- Government, receipts and expenditure
of, 1917-19...................... .567, 568, 570
- Legislation in. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 720-738
- Manufactures in... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .324, 325
Manufactures, statistics of...... . . . . . . . . . .. 321-336
- Employees in 1918...................... 335-336
- Exports of, by values, 1920.. . . . . . . . . . .. 406-407
- Exports of, by values, 1868-1920. . . . . . .. 345
- Imports...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . . . 407
- Imports of, by values, 1920.... . . . . . . . .. 406-407
- Statistics of, by industries........ . .. . .. 326-334
- Statistics of, by provinces, 1900, 1905,
1910, 1915, 1917, 1918.................. 324-325
Marble in Quebec, 1918....... .. .. .. . .. .. . . 315
Marine, see under "Shipping."
Mariners' Fund, receipts from, 1916-20..... 553
Marketing wheat, control of............... 15
Marriage-rate of Canada......... . . . . . .. ... 109-110
Mea8ures, weights, etc., expenditure for,
1916-20. . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical Branch, Department of Soldiers'
Civil Re-establishment............... 21-22
Merchandise, see under "Trade and Com-
merce. "
:\Ietals, see under "Minerals."
Meteorology, climate and................. 164-187
Mica in Quebec.. ............... .......... 315
Military College, receipts of, 1916-20. . .. . . 553
Military forces of Canada. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 672-673
- Hospitals Commission...... .20-21, 22, 23, 24, 26
-Service Act............................ 14,16
Military Service Branch, Dept. of Justice. 14
Militia and Defence, Department of. . .14, 22,35,41
Militia, statistics of... . .. . .. .. .. . .. . . .. ... 672-674
- Expenditure for 1916-20..... . . . . . . .. . . . . 554

86-92
521-523
560
560-561

562

554

I.X DE_Y

761

rAGE.
674
553
553

?,[ilitiu, ('xpt'nditure and revenue...........
- Pe
ioß::j revenue, 1916-20...... . .... . . ..
- Receipts, 1916-20.. ... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mincral production, increase or decrease of,
HIHI, 19
O........ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... 304-306
- Of Briti
h Columbia................... 316-317
-Of Canada, 1919-20. ..................30-1-307
- Of Can,l<ia, 1%0-1920. .................. 308
- Of X ew Brunswick. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
- Uf Nova
cotia..... ......... .308, 309, 314-315
- Uf Untario..... . , . . . . .. .. . 308, 30
31O. 315-316
-of Qucb<'C..... ... __.. .....308-310. 315
- Yalue of in Canada, by provinces, 1918-20 30S
Minerals. statistics of......... .. . . . . . . . . ... 302-321
- Compared ß8 to Quantity and value..... 304-:m7
- Export.:s of, by values, 1868-1920......... 345
- Exports of coal, 1903-1920........... .. 320
- Exports of non-ferrous met.als. by quan-
tities and values, 1918-21.............. 368-371
- Exports of non-metallic mineral
. by
quantities and value:>, 1918-21......... 370-373
- J'xports of mineral produce classed as
manufactures. 1920... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
- Imports of anthracite and bituminous
coal, 1901-20... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Imports of non-fer row> metals by quWl-
titiCli and values, 191h-21............ . 398-401
- Import.-! of non-ml.ttLllic minernl2i by
quantities ßnd values, 1918-21.... ..... 40D--403
- Imports of mineral produce classed as
manufactur
, 19'20... . . . . . . . . . . . . .' . . .
- Imports of Portland cement and duty
paid theroon, 1
98-192O........ . ...... 319
- Production of, by provinces, 1918-20.... 308
- Production of principal, 1909-20......... 311
- War Committee of the '[' nited Stat
. . 18
'rines, Department of.. . " .............. 303
- Department of, expenditure, 1916-20.... 554
- Departments of, ProvinciaL.... . .... _ 314-317
}[jni::>terial Appointments in Dominion
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 749-750
'Iinistries of the Dominion of Canada, 1800-
1921. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6.)0--w3,749-750
'fint, coin
e at Ottawa Branch of the
Royal, 1918-20..... . . . . ........ . . .. . .. 593
:llisceUanoous Acts of Dominion Parlia-
ment. ... .. .., . ........ ... .... . .. ... . 719-;20
- Accounts, liabilities of Canada. for.
191&-20..... .... ...... ....... 557
- Acts of Provincial Parliaments.... .. 736- i38
- Agricultural statistics.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 257-267
- Expenditure on Coruiolidated Fund Ac-
count, 1916-20............. ...........
- Exports, by values, 1868-1920........ . .,
- Imports, by quantities and values, 1918-
21. . . _ . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... _ . . . . . . . . .. 404-407
- Products, exports by quantities Bnd
values, 1918-21..... . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . .... 374-375
'fistawasis Reserve....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
:llixed grains, area, yield and value of,
1915-20.. .. ...... ...192-209,210-213
}Iodus vivendi, receipts, 1916-20...... . . . . . 553
Molybdenite..... . . . . .... . . . . ... ... ... .90, 304-306
- In Quebec........ . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 315
Monetary use of gold, silver and bronze,
.. .. .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . ... 590-591, 593-594

rotor vehicles in Canada................. 476-480
- Laws concerning. . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 476-480
- Numbtars of, by provinces, 1914-20...... 480
- Speed limits, by provinces....... . . . . . . . 480
'Iountains of Canada. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 76-79
}Iounted Police, expenditure for, 1916-20... 554

fules in Canada, 1919--20................ .220, 222
}Iunicipal Affairs, Provincial legislation
respecting....... . ... . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. ... 661-662
)funicipal electrical installations..... . . . . .. 504-511
- Assets and liabilities of electric depart-
ments of municipalities served by the
Ontario Hydro-Electric Power Com-
mission, 1916-19....... '" . . . . 582-583
- Earnings and operating expenses of elec-
tric departments of municipalities
served by the Ontario Hydro-Elec-
tric Commission, 1916-19..............

PAGE.

406

)[unicipal. financial stati
tics of electrical
iruitallations of municipalities served
by the Ontario Hydro-Electric Power
Commission, 1919.. ................... 584-591
Munitions and materia1s exported Irom
Canada, valuo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Imperial Bo.J.rd......... . ... . . . .. . . . . .. .
- Industry tn Canada. .. ...........
- Imperial :\Iinistry of....... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aviation Department.................
Engin<-ering Dcpartment.. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fw>e Department... . .. . . . . . . . .. . ... . .
Inspection Departmt'nt...... .........
Purchasin
Department.. . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Shipbuilding Department.. . . . . . . . . . . .
::5tecl Department...... . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .
- Ue:;ources Commission.................
)[unicipal financial statistics........ . ..
}Iunicipalities, available a&lets of....... . . .
- Assessment of. . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Expenditure of. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Liabilities of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Receipts of. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mw.ky Lake R
erYe. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . .

320

7
6, 18
6-8
6
6
6
6
6
6
6. 7
6
17
570-580
579
572-573
576-578
580
574-575
33

406

.x ational defence, Railway Association for. 17
National Gallery of Canada........ .. . . . .. 672
- In..,titute for the BI ind, Canadian.... . . . 24
- Laboratory for Public health. . .. . . . . . . . 45
XaturaIGaa.... ..... ..............90, 304-306
Xaturalization Act, 1914 ................. 663-664

at ural ization.s. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 663-664
Naturalization qualification ror voter;:!..... 716
Naval College of Canada. Royal.. . . . . . . . . 684
- Scrvice, expenditure in, 1916-20.... ... .. 654
- Service of Canada. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ... 683

New Hruns\\ ick, agricultural products of,
1915-20 . ............................ 196-198
- Education in. 130-132, 134-135, 138, 148,
. . . . . . . .. ...... ... ................. 150-153
- GO' ernment puhlications of........ . . . . . 706
- Governmcnt, receipts and expenditure
of, 1917-19............................567, 569
- L(
islat ion of... . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. 720-738
- 'I inp:; of. .............. .............. 315
- Public lands of..., ... ....... ... ........ 657-658
Sickcl produced, HH9-20... ..... . .304, 305, 316
- Quantity and value of, 1b89-1920........ 311

orthw(':,jt 'founted Police. . .. " . . . . . . . .. 684-685
- Territories, expenditure for Govern-
ment of, 1916-20...................... 554
Sotes, Dominion. .., . .. ... . .591-592, 594-595
X ova Scotia. agricul tural products of.... .. 195-196
- AlP'icultural experiments in.. . . . _ . _ . . . _. 282-283
- Education in. 127. 128, 130-132, 134,
138, 143, 149, 150-153
- Government, publications of............ 706
- Government, receipts and expenditure
of,1917-19... ......567,568
- J
egiBlation of........ . . . . . . . . . . .. 720-738
- 'fineral production of........ .... ..... 314-315
- Public lands of.. .. . .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . 657

554
346

583

Outs, area and yicld of, in Prairie Provin-
ces, 1918-20.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 213
- Area, yield and value of, 1915-20..... .. 191-209
- Prices of Canadian, in British markets,
1913-20.................... .......... 249-250
- Prices of, at Winnipeg and Fort William,
1914-20... .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . .... 243-244
- Stocks of, in Canada, )Iarch, 1920-21.. . 262
- World's production of, 1919-20. .. . . . . ... 276-277
Obituary. .. ... .... ... . .. ....... 747-748
Occupations of the People. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 521-525
Ocean and river service, expendi ture on,
191&-20.. .... ..................... 554
Ochoapo\\ ace Reserve. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Official Record, Canadian...... . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Oka Agricul turnl Institute. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. 283-284
Olds, Alberta, agricultural experiments at. 286
One Big C'nion. The........ . ..... . . .... ... 529
Ontario, agricultural products of, 1915-20.. 200-202
- Agricultural College and Experi:nentaJ
Farm..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 284

762

INDEX

Ontario, education in. .126, 129, 131, 133,
135. 139-142, 144-145, 149-163
- Government, publications of.... . . . . . . .. 708-710
- Government, receipts and expenditure
of, 1917-19... ... .. ... .. .567,569
- Hydro-Electric Power Commission.. ". 581-591
- Legislation in........ .. 720-738
- Mineral production of.... .. . . . . " 315-316
- Public lands of.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . " 658-659
Ordnance Department, United States...... 7
- Lands. receipts. 1916-20................. 553
Organized Labour in Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 527-532
- Strength of...... .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . " 529-530
Oriental immigration........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119, 125
Orthopædic appliances for soldiers. . . . . . . . . 24-25

Panama Canal.. . .. . _ __ ' . __.. __ . . . .484. 492-493
- Traffic through. 1914-20. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 492-493
Parliament,
- Extension of duration of 12th.. . .. . . . . . . _ 745
- Thirteenth, fourth session of... 713-720
Parliamentary legislation. . . . . . . . . 713-720
- Representation of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . " 644-648
Parliaments of the Dominion of Canada,
1867-1920. ...... ...... ... 649-650
Parole system, working of the. . . . . . . . . . 69-1-695
Patent fees, receipts from, 1916-20.. ..' ... 553
Patentees, Canadian. by province of resi-
dence. 1911-20........ 455
Patents in Canada .. - . . . .. ... . . . . . " 455-456
"Patriotism and Production Campaign".. 3
Patriotic Fund..... . .18, 19, 27
Patriotic Society, Canadian. . . . . . . . 34
Pay and Allowance Regulations. . . . . . . . . . . 35
Pearson Hall, Toronto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ 24
Peas, area, yield and value of. 1915-20.. ." 191-210
Pelts, imports of, 1902-20...... _ 412
Penitentiaries, statistics of. " .......... 694-696
- Age of convicts, 1914-20........ .. . . . . . . . 695
- Conjugal state of convicts, 1914-20. ... _ 696
- Deaths, escapes, pardons and paroles.
1915-20.
- Expenditure for, 1915-19... .. . ......
- Movement of convicts. 1915-20..... ..
-
ationality of convicts, 1914-20...... .. _
- Race of convicts. 1914-20.. . . . . . . . . . .
- Receipts from, 1915-19. . _.... .. . . _ . _ . . . .
- Religion of convicts. 1914-20... .. . .. . ".
- Sex of convicts, 1914-20............. '"
- Social habits of convicts, 1914-20... _ .. . _
Pension Act, Canadian. . . . .. ......
Pension Commissioners, Board of. _. ..... _ .
Pensions. .. ., . . _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Committee on and Re-establishment.. .
- Cost of, 1916-20, . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . .
- Kumber of in force on March 31, 1921.. .
- Scale of, to dependants of deceased
sailors and soldiers. . . .. .. ...... ...
- Scale of, to wounded or disabled sailors
and soldiers.... . . . . . .... .. . 680-681
Persons engaged in gainful occupations,
1881-1911.._._ - 522-523
Petroleum. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 90, 304-306
- Bounties on, 1905-20... ., . . . . . . . . 455
Physical characteristics of Canada. . . .. 76-92
Piapot Reserve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Pigs, numbers of, in Canada, by provinces,
1915-20.. . . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . '" 222-223
- Numbers of in Canada. by provinces,
1914-20.. .... . ... '" 220-221
- Values of, in Canada, by provinces, 1914-
20. ........ _. ....... .. .... . . .. .... '" 223-224
Platinum. 1919-20.... .. .. . . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . 304
Police, cost of Dominion, 1916-20. . .. . _ 554
- Royal Canadian Mounted.. . .. . .. . . . . . . . 685
- Royal Canadian Mounted, expenditure,
1916-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ............
Police. Royal Northwest
lounted. receipts,
1916-20.......... .
Polish Relief....... .. . . . .
Pope Lease, farm lands. ...... ..
- Ranch. . . . . .. ........ . . . . . . . . . .
Population, statistics of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PAGE.

695
554
695
6J5-696
695
553
696
696
696
39
25
35-38
28
554
38

553
19
33
33
93-125

679

PAGE.
Population, by cities and towns.. ...... ... 99-100
- By provinces and districts.. . ..... ..... 94-98
- By sex...... .. . .......... ....... .94-98, 101-104
- Conjugal condition of.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 104
- Estimated, of Canada, 1868-1920....... 556
- Increases of, in other countries... '" 93
- Increase of, 1901-11.... .. . ... .. .... . . .. . 93
- Of Canada, 1871-1911............... _ _ 94
- Of the Prairie Pol"ovinces, 1916. .. 105-107
By sex..... .. . - -. ., . " " , _ , . . . . .. 106-107
City population, 1901, 1906, 1911 and
1916,.... ......................., 107
From 1870 (Manitoba) and from 1901
(Saskatchewan and Alberta). ....... 106-107
Of principal cities, 1901-16.... .' . . ,_ _ 107
Of the Prairie Provinces, 1901-1916... 108
- Per square mile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . . . . 94
- Proportion of male to female, 1901-11... 101-104
- Rural, 1901-11....... .. . . . . .. 101
- Urban, 1901-11.... " _ .. _ 100-101
Porcupine Forest Reserve.. . . . . . . . ' , . . . . . . 32
Portland cement, imports of, 1898-1920. .. 319
- Quantity and value of. 1902-20... .. .... 313
Ports, Canadian, value of imports entered
at, 1919-20........ . _... .. 410-411
Post-discharge dental treatment. ... .. 25
Post Office, receipts, 1916-20........ .. . 553
Postal statistics... . .. ... ..... . . . . . . . .. 513-521
Post Office Department, deficits of, 1890-
1920.. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... 516
- Expenditure of, 1916-20.. .. . . . . .. . . . 554
- Mail subsidies and steamship subven-
tions.1917-19........... ...,... 517-518
- Mileage of mail conveyance, 1920........ 513
- Money order system. 1901-20.. . . . . . . . . . 518
- Money orders, by provinces, 1916-20. .. . 519
- Net revenue of. 1890-1920.... .. 516
- Offices, number of, 1920........ . . ... 514
- Postal notes. 1915-20........ . ' . . .' _... 520
- Revenue and expenditure of, 1890-1920. . 516
- Revenue of offices collecting $10,000 and
upwards. 1919, 1920....... .. .. 514-516
- Savings banks. business of, 1916-20...... 609
- Stamps, issue of. 1919-20....... . . 520-511
- Surplus of, 1905-19..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Post-war situation........ .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 19
Potatoes, area, yield and value of, 1915-20 192-209
- World's production of. 1919-20, .. '" ,273, 278
Poultry Division of the Dominion Experi-
mental Farms................ 282
- In Canada. numbers of, by Provinces,
1919-20. . ........... __ ... ... . 220-221
Prairie Provinces, agricul tural census of
the, 1916..... .. . . . . . . . _ . . . . " 105-107
- Provinces. population of the, 1901-1916.. 105-107
Precipitation and temperature......... 168-179
Preference for Civil Hervice positions. .. .. 41-42
Preferential Tariff. British... .. . . .. . . . . ... 10. 12
Preferential Tariff. British. Act respecting. 10. 12
Premium and discount expenditure, 1916-20 554
Premium and discount receipts, 1916-20.... 553
Press censorship........ .... ... ...... 14
Prices of Canadian agricultural produce... 238-256
- Of commodities... .. . . . _ _. . _ 542-550
Prince Edward Island, agricultural products 193-194
- Education in. .127, 130-132. 134. 142,
143, 149-163
- Government, publications of. ... . . . . . . . . 706
- Government, receipts and expenditure of,
1916-18................. ...567,568
- Legislation of....... . . ' . . _ . . ' 720-738
Principal events of the year, 1920... .. . . 73S-74S
Privy Councillors, new. '" . . 748
Production, statistics of.... . . . . . . . . . . . ... 188-336
- Recb,mation and Conservation legislation 7l

- "and Thrift Campaign"..... _ _........ 4. 5
Property, value of Canadian farm, 1908-10,
1914-20............ .......... . .-. 216-217
Proprietary or Patent Medicine Act, ad-
ministration of. . . . .. ................. 4fi
Province accounts, liabilities of Canada on,
1916-20...................... ....... 557
Provinces, area of, 1920......... .... " . . .., 93

554

INDEY.

763

PAG..
Provincial
ic
ltural experiments........ 2b2-287
- General e echol1.':l.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745
- Governments, receipts and expenditure
of, 1917-19........................... 565-571
- Governments, subsidy allowances to.
1
t)7-19::?0. ...... ....................
- Governments, subsidies and other pay-
ments to, 191:)-20... . ... . . . . . . . . .. .. . . 559
- Legislation.... .......... 720-738
-
Iines Departments..... ... '., . .. 314-317
- );otes. liabilities of Canada for, 1916-20 557
- Public accounts...... .... ....... .. ..... 565.571
- Returned Soldiers' Employment Com-
m i1>S ions .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . ., ...... 26
Provision of artiticiallim be and appliances 24-25
- of returned soldicr
' lifl' ilbumncc...... . 38-40
Public Accounts, Provincial.. ....... . ... 565-571
- Accounts, statistil's of . ... . . . 551-559
Publications of the Dominion Government, 699-705
- Of the provincial governments of Can-
ada, libt of principal. . .... . . .. . 705-713
Public building::" expenditure for, 191(}-20.. 671
- EXp('nditurc for collection of revenue,
1916-20... ............... .. ....... 5;1;?
- I1ea!th and m
icine, provincial legib- i21\
latlon re8pectm
.. . . . . . . . . ' . .. ....... 46-4"
Public health, recent provinciallegit.lation. 7
S
- Information, I>epartmcnt. .... . " 14
- Information, .\:-; ociate Director of..... 14
- Information. Director. .., 14
- Lands of Dominion and provin
6.)5-662
- ); ational Gallery of Canada. . . . . . 672
- Safety Branch, l)ept. of Jw.tice........ . 14
-
ervioe, provinciallegi:.lation respecting 728-729
- Works departmcnt, architects branch... 669
- Works department. C'n
inccrinp; branch. 66\1
Expcnditureand revenue of, 1916-20.... 671
Graving docks of......... . 669-670
Organization of.. ...... 669
Receipts from, 1916-20... . 553
Telegraph branch of............ ...... 669
Public School Act. Prince EII"ard bland,
amended. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publicity, Extension and, Di\ision of the
Dominion Experimental Farms.
Pulp\\ood statistiC8.... . . ... . ........ .
- Con.qumption and value of, 1905-19....
- Exportò of, 1915-20 ...... .,
- Kinds of wood used, 1917-19... .....
- Process of manufacture, 1915-19.. ... . .. .
- Pulp manufactured, 1915-19....... . ... . '
- Wood, quantity and value uSNl, 1917-19
Purchasing Commission, War. . . . . . . . . .
Purcha.qing Department, Imperial Ministry
of Munitions.

.lbl
289-293
290
292
290
291
2g1
290
17

Qualification Committe(' for soldier settlers 30
- Expenditure for, 1916-20 ". '. ..... 554
- Quarantine. expenditure for, 1916-20... 554
Que
, agricultural products of, 1915-20... 198-200
- AgrICultural experiments in.. . . . .. .. 283-2
4
- Bridge. . .. . . . . .. ......... ............ 460
- Education in 126, 129, 131, 133, 135, 138,
141, 142, 143, 149-163
- Government pUblications of. . . . . . . ' . _ .. 706-708
- Government. receipts and expenditure
of,.191
-1919... 567-569
- LegIslatIon of. . . . . . . .. . . 720-738
- Mineral production of............. 315
- Public lands of. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657-658

Radiotelegraphic 8ervice.... 508-510
Rags, imports of, 1902-19...... 412
Railway Association of Canada 17
- Association for :National Defe

..... .. 17
- Commissioners, Board of. .... . . . . 16
- Hudson Bay... . 459-460
- Lands. . .. . ... . .. .. . 656
- War Board.... . 17
Railw
ys.and Can
l
: e
pe
dit

e: i9i6:'2Ò 554
- C StatlstIcs of...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 456-476
- anadian c<H>rdin'\tcd operation of.. . . . 17

PAGE.
Railways, electric. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . , '. 473-476
Capi
alliability of, 1908-1919.......... 47-1
Ea.rnmgs of, 1901-1919.............. 47-1
:M!leage and equipment of, 1917-19..... 47!
1\11188 operated, number of, 1919.... ... 475-476
Uperating e"pmses of, 1919....... ..... 475-476
l)ersoM killed and injured on, 1894-
1919 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
- Expenditure for, 1916-20... . . . 554
Railways, Government. . '" . 457-458
Construction, capital expenditure for,
to 1919....... ..... .. . . . " . ... . .. . ..
Construction, cost of before Confeùerå-
tion to 1919... . ....... ........... . .
Hevenue of, with surplus or deficit,
186.5-1919.
"orking expè
es, ï86

i9i9":.' '.

.
- Rcccipts on Consolidatl'ù Fund Account
,1916-20. . . . 553
- :--team .. .... ,.. ...... ... 4:;6-473
\!Ù to, anal}si8 of, up to 1919. ..... . . . 470
AId to, by governmcnts and munici-
.palities...... .......... 470
\Hl to by Government. . . . . .. 4.')8-459, 469-471
Aid in tho form of guarantcl'S by
Dominion and pro
incial govern-
. ments......... .. .459, 470
Aid p.\Ìd up, 1915........... ...... .. 469-470
Annl} Sid of traffic and receipts, 1910-
1919 .... . .. .. . . .. 468
C'o.1pital liability of... ... .456-457. 461
Capital of, 1919.. 462-464
Earnings, 1919........ ...... 462-464
I
arningH,gr08s, 1901-19..,., ..... 464
Earnings per milc of line, 1909-19.. ... 465
l:mployC{'s, numhcr and salarie
and
\\agcs, Itl07-19I!I.. . .
Froight carried. 1901-19......
Freight carried, 1915-19.
J
nd subsidies. to 1919...........

(IIcu.
c, 1835-1919..........
'filenge and rollinR; stock of; 1914'-i9'.
'.
'Weage ,hy province
, 1912-19.........
'Wes in operation, 1901-19.......
)Iiles operated. number of, 1919......::
Operating expenses, 1901-19.......... ..
Operating expenses of, 1919. . . . . . . . . . . .
Operatin
expen.."es, distribution of,
1916-19.. ..
Operatin
ex

e
' per .
Ù

i 'Ü

1909-19....... ..................
Pa.s:,cnger and freight statistic!'1, 1901-19
Peri3oru; injured and killed on, 1888-1919
Ratio of expenses to receipts, 1901-19.
Salaries and wageH witb ratios togro8B
earnings and operating expenses, 1907-
19.. . . . .. ....... . .. 464
Subsidies paid to, up to 1919...457, 458-459,
. fi
m
Ramfall of Canada.. .. ........... 168-171, 172-179
Receipts on consolidated fund account,
1916-20 .
Receipts and'

c
dii

' 'ör . p

i
l
governments, 1917-19........ . . . . . .
Reco
truction among the general popula-
tIon. 43-64
Con:,er
ation' õ; 'life .... . . . . . . . . .. :
: :
44-45
Establishment of the Dominion De-
partment of Health...... .,. _. . .
Recent provincial public health legis-
lation. .... 46-48
Progress in education. .. ...::::::::: 49
Dominion assistance to vocational
education... .., . ..... .. . .. . 49-50
Recent provincial legislation on educa-
tion. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . .. .... 50-51
Establishment of Government employ-
ment bureaus..... ........... . ... 51-52
Importance of scientific research... . .. 52
Honorary Advisory Council for Scien-
tific and Industrial Research.... '" . 53-57
Increase of official statistics...... .. .. 57
:Need of a central statistical office... . . 58

559

734

6

471

471

471
471

469
464
466-467
469
460
466
461
464
462-464
464
462-464

465

46.3
464
472
464

553

567

45-46

.

Reconstruction, establishment of Dom-
inion Bureau of Statistics.. . . . . . . . . . 58-59
Activities of the Dominion Bureau of
Statistics... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. .
- And Development Committee .. . . . . . . .
Record, Canadian official.................
- Canadian Daily.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Red Cross...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,
Re-establishment, Commission on Pen-
sions and.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Re-establishment of soldiers......... . . . . . . 19-43
Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-
establishment....................... 21-22
Employment conditions....... . .. _ . . . 26-27
Employment of demobilized soldiers. . 26
Free transportation of dependants from
overseas........................... .
Loans to vocational and university
students. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Military Hospitals Commission... . .. .
Pensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Post-discharge dental treatment......
Preference for Civil Service positions..
Provision of artificial limbs and ap-
pliances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-25
Provision of returned soldiers' life in-
surance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38-40
Re-training of the blind.... .. . . . . . . . . . 24
Settlement of returned soldiers on
farms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-35
Special relief to unemployed returned
men, 1919-1921..... . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . 27-28
Summary. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Vocational training for disabled sol-
diers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-24
'Var Service gratuity................. 40-41
Referendum on liquor, provincial legisla-
tion respecting......... .......... 727-728, 745
Registration Board, Canada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Representation Act, 1914... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Representation Acts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 644-645
Representation in House of Commons. . . . .. 646-648
- In Senate..... .... ...... . ......... ..... 645
Research, Advisory Council for Scientific
and Industrial.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . 53-57
Reserve, Mistawasis... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- Musky Lake........................... 33
- Ochoapowace. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
- Piapot. . . . _ . . . . . . . . .. ..... ........ _ . 33
- Porcupine Forest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Residence on Dominion lands, requirements 717
Retai 1 prices of com modi ties. .. . . . . . . . . . .. 548-550
Re-training of the blind............ ....... 24
Returned doldiers, Employment Com-
missions, Provincial....... . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Soldiers' Insurance Act.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revenue Act, Customs Tariff War... . . . . .
- Act, special War. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Revenue, collection of, expenditure for,
1916-20. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
- Of Canada per head, 1868-20..... . . . . . . . 556
- Public, 1919-20..... .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. 551
River and ocean service, cost of, 1916-20. . 554
- Works, expenditure for, 1916-20......... 671
Rivers of Canada..... . .. .... . . . .. . .. . . . . . 81-82
Road materials............... . . . .. . . . . . . . 91
Roads and bridges, expenditure for, 1916-20 671
Roman Catholic Classical colleges. ..... . . . 141
Roots, yield of, 1919-20... .. .. . ... .189-190, 192-209
Royal Canadian Mounted Police.......... 684-685
Royal Commission on wheat supplies. .... . 15
Royal Mint, coinage at Ottawa branch of,
1918-20... . . . .. .. . . . _ . _ .. . . .. . .. . . .. .. 593
- Naval College of Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684
- Northwest :Mounted Police. . .. . . . . . . . .. 684-685
- Northwest Mounted Police, expenditure
for, 1916-20...........................
- Northwest Mounted Police Officers'
pensions, receipts, 1916-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Rubber, imports of, 1902-20.. .. .. _ _ ..... 412
Rust-resisting wheat, investigation as to.. . 54-55
Rye, area, yield and value of, 1915-20...... 191-209
- World's production of, 1919-20. .........272, 275

764

PAGE.

59-64
19-20
14
14
19, 34

28-29
20-21
35-38
25
41-42

26
39
10, 12
10, 12

INDE....Y

PAGE.

42

Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, School of Agri-
cuI ture....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ .
St. Dunstan's Hostel, Regent's Park,
London... . . . . . . . .. .................. 24
St. Lawrence River System.............. 83
Safety Branch, Public, Dept. of Justice.... 14
Salmon.......................... ...297,299,302
Sal t produced, 1918-20........ .. . . . . . . . . . .. 304-307
Saskatchewan, agricultural products of,
1915-20.. . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. . ... 204-206
- College of Agricul ture, Saskatoon... . ... 285-286
- Education in. 127, 128, 129, 131-133, 136,
140, 142, 147, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157,
159, 161, 163
- Government publications of........ . . . . . 711
- Government, receipts and expenditure
of, 1917-19....................... .567,568,570
- Legislation in........ ........ ........... 720-738
- University of........ . . .... .. ...:..... .. 285-286
Savings Banks, see under' 'Banks and Bank-
ing. "
School, Public, Act, Manitoba........ . . . . .
Schools, see under "Education".
Scientific institutions, expenditure for,
1916-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . .. . . .. . . . . .
Scientific and Industrial Research, Advi-
sory Council for..... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 53-57
- Research, importance of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Seamen, inspection and medical care of. . . 46
Seamen shipped and discharged at Cana-
dian ports, 1908-18. .. . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Seigneurs, compensation to, 1916-20..... . .
Senate, number of members of the........ .
Senators, new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Serbian Relief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service Act, Military. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .
- Branch, Military, Dept. of Justice......
Settlement Board, soldier.... .. . . .. . . ... . .
Settlement of returned soldiers, legislation
respecting. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
- Of returned soldiers on farms. . . . . . . . . . . 29-35
Sex of the people... . . . . . . . .94-98, 103-104, 105-106
Sheep, numbers in Canada, by provinces,
1919-20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. . . . . . . . .. 220-222
Sheep, numbers of in Canada, by provinces,
1915-20.. . . . . . . . . . . " ........... 222-223
- Values of, by provinces, 1914-20...... ... 224-227
Shingles, quantities and values of, 1917-19 288
Shipbuilding Department, Imperial "Min-
istry of Muni tions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 7
Shipbuilding in Canada...... .........7-8, 501
Shipments of grain, 1919-20................ 453-454
Shipping, statistics of.. .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. 493-505
- Marine danger signals, 1909-19.......... 503
- Marine Department, organization of the 493
- Marine Department, vessels built to the
order of. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Marine, expenditure of the Department
of, 1915-19. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
- Marine hospitals, expenditure, 1916-20...
- Marine, revenue of the Department of,
1915-19.. . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
- Steamboat inspection, 1918-19. . . . . . . . . .
- Vessels buil t and registered in Canada,
1901-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Vessels, Canadian and American trading
on boundary rivers and lakes, 1916-20.
- Vessels employed in coasting trade of
Canada, 1916-20........ ...... ...... ...
- Vessels, number and tonnage of on Can-
ada registry, 1915-18... ............ .. .
- Vessels, sea-going and inland, arrived at
and departed from Canadian ports,
1906-20............................... 498
- Vessels, sea-going, entered and cleared
at Canadian ports, 1919 and 1920....... 494-495
- Vessels, sea-going, entered and cleared
at principal ports of Canada, 1919...... 495-496
- Vessels, sea-going, entered and cleared
at Canadian ports, 1902-20........ . . . . . 498
- Vessels, sea-going, entered inwards and
outwards by countries, 1919.. . . . . . . . .. 496-497
- Vessels sold to other countries, 1901-20.. 501

284

50

5.54

502
557
645
749
19
14, 16
14
29-35

7

504
554

504
502

501

500

499

501

554

I
,;nE.X

71)3

PAGE.

Shippinll:, vessels, wrecks and casualties
of. 1870-1919. . . .

ifton, lion. A. L., death of...
Silver........... .
- )Ionetary U80 of... ... .. . . . .591, 593.
- l'roduction of at. Cohalt. 1004-19... .
- J>rodurtinn of in Briti
h Columbia... .
- Quantity and value of. 18\(;-1920.....
-\\orlù'sproduction, 19th-19..... .. .
Singh' tAx legislation, Sa...,kntcllewan and
Alberta...... . . ,. . . . . . . . . . . . .

inkin
funds, expendit.urc for. 1916-20.. .. .
Slidl'8 an,1 booms, expenditure and revenue
for.t916-20........

nowfall in Canada. . . .. ..

nuff, e'(ci
e tariff for.. .......
Soldier Settlement Act....... .. .. . . . . . . .. .
-
ettlcment ßonrd.. .
- Jlome f'('rvicc Branrh.... ... .. .' .
SoJdif'rs' Ci\ il He-cstahlishmcnt Act..... .
- Df'partment of. 21-22.
- DentaJ Branch... ' '"
Soldiers' Employmrnt Commi
ions, Pro-
vincial Returned. ... .., .' ........ 26
Soldiers Insurance Act, Returned......... 39
"SoJdiers of the Soil"... . . .. ß

pecial War Revf>nue Act, 1915.. _ _ _ 10. 12

piri ts, consumption or... .' ...... .560-561.562
- Duty paid per head on. 1913-20..... .... .')62
- Exci
e revenue from, 191,')-20....... . . .. . 561
- Excise tariff for. . .. ............... ... 560
Stapl<'8, exp<'1lditure for. 1916-20.. . . . . . . . . . M4
- Inspection of, receipts from, 1916-20..... 553

tate, Department of the Secretary of..... 663-664

tatistics Act.... .. .. ... .... . . . . . . ... 58-59
Statistics. Dominion Bureau of. .. .. . . . . . . .

- Acti vi ti(>q.. .. .. .... . 59
- ERtabliHhmcnt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
f'tatiBtics. increase of official. . . . . ... . . .. 57
Status of Canada in League of X ations. . . .. 738-742
Steam railways.. ....... ....... . . 456-473
Steamboat inspection......... .. . . .1)02, 553-554
- Expenditure for, 191tr20. .. . . ., . . . . . 554
- Heceipts from, 1916-20 ...... .... . . .. ". 553
Steamers, recf'ipt from Dominion. 1916-20. 553
Steamship
ubvcntioD8 and mail service,
cost of, 1918-20......... ....... . ')17-518
Steel Department, Imperial Ministry of
'Iunitions...... . . . . . " ... . . . . 6
Stocks of wheat in ('anada, 1917-21........ 261-262
Stone, building. in Xova Scotia, 1919...... 315
Strikes during 1920..... .. . . . . . 533,534
Strikes... .., .. _ .' , . 532-534
Htudentships for scientific and industrial
research. ., .. . . . '" . . . .. ........... 56
Subsidies to provinceg, 1!1l5-20 ........... 559
Subventions and mail subsidies. 1918-20... 517-518
Hugar beets, area, yicld and value of, 1915-
20. . . " .. . . . . . . . ' _ . . . . . . . . . . ... 193-202
-Raw, imports of, 1902-19... ........... 412
Sulphur are in Quebec.... .. .............. 315
Sunshine. bright, in Canada. 1919..168-171, 180-187
Superannuation, cost of, 1!1l6-20......... . 554
- Of school teachers in Canada. 126
- Rpceipts, 1916-20.... .. . 553
- Court receipts. 1916-20................,. 553
Supplies, wheat, Royal Commission on... . 15
Swine, numbers of. in Canada, by pro-
vinres, 1915-20... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 222-223
- N um bers at, in Canada, by provinces,
1919-20.. " ........................220-221
- Values of, in Canada, by provinces,
1914-20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 223-2
4

503
748
92
594
316
317
309
318-319

671
172-179
560
29
29-35
34
21
23-29
25

Tariff, British Preferential... .. . . " . . .
- Canadian excise. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Customs, War Revenue Act........ .. . . .
- Customs Amendment Act.. . . .
- General... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Intermediate. . . . . .. ...................
Tax, Business Profits, War Act... .. . . . . . .
- Single, provincial legislation respecting
- War Income Act.. .....................

10, 12
560
10, 12
12
10
10
11
729
12

729
554

PAGE.
Taxc.<l, rl'<"cipts from........ ." .. . .... . .1.')2-553. 555
TeA('hef
. number of school. in Canada.... 132-142
- A vera.
e rnlnual p.alarips of. . .. .... 149
- Expenditure on, salaries, 1919..... 132
In elcmpntary schools, 1919... .... 132
In sP('on Il.I.ry p.chooJs.1919...... . 132
Alberta, If 01-1919. _ ..... 148
}Ianitoba, 1901-1919.......... . . . . . . 146
Ontario 1901-1919............ .... 145

askatrhewan. 1901-1919........... 147
- SUIX'r mnuation of
i<'hool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Technical ooucation, Dominion lcgislation,
respectin
...... ... .. . . . ., . .. 49-50
Tel('graph llraoch of Public" orks Depart-
ment . . . . . . . . . . ., .... .... 669
Tclegraph s)'st('m. Canadian. statistics of 505-510
Tclpgraphs, 8tatisticR of................ 505-510
- (,harh'fN.1 complwies, 1910-19........ . .. 506-507
- Dominion Government tclegraph 8er-
vi(.c......... . 50.1

lill'8 of line. . _ . .305
\I
:-agl'S, numbpr of, l'nt........ 505
()ffi('l'S. numher of........ . . .. .... 505
- COa.....t stations for communication by
\\ irel(>:;s tcJl.'
raphy \\ ith shiPB at 8P3 . 508-509
- Expendi ture and re\ enuo for governmen t,
1916-20.. .. . . . .. 671
- Radiotl'1l.'graph stations. .' . . 508-509
Telt"phonc Comp'\nics in Canada. HH-i-19.. 511
- Rtutistics.... . . . .. .. ... ... . . . . . . .. 510-513
Tclpphon
. capitalization, 1915-19...... .. . 511
- ('1a.........l'8 of. 1919........ 512
- Funded debt. 1914-19....... 513
- \lil('age of wire. 1914-19.......... ....... 512
- Xumber of. 1915-19......... . ... 511
- Operating exp('n
es of. 1915-19...........511, 513
- Progress or, m Canada, 1915-19......... 511
- Revenue, 1915-19.... .. . . . .. .. . . .. .511, 513
Temperanrc Act, Canada.. ................ 663
-'Provinciallegislation ret>pectilijt......... 727-728
Temperature nnd precipitation...... . . ..... 172-179
Thanksgivin
. day of general...... ....... 753
Thrift campaign, production and....... . .. 4, 5
Tiles in Qucbec. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . 315
TIm ber marks. ........... _ . . . ., ........ 456
Tobacco, area and yield of, in Canada
1918-20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. _ .. 257-258
- Consumption of... ... . .............. 561-562
- Division of the Dominion Experimental
Farms. .. _... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
- Duty per head paid on, 1913-20......... 562
- Excise revenue from, 1915-20........ .. . . 561
- Excise tariff for. . . .. .................. 560
- Production. of in Canada..... . . .... .. . .. 257-258
- Raw, imports of. 1902-20............... 412
- Season, 1920...... . . . . . . . .. . ... . .. . .. . . . 258
Token currency in Canada........ . . . . .. .. .591, 594
Trade and Commerce, expenditure for,
1916-20. . . " '" . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 554
- Statistics of.. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 336-456
- Aggregate trade of Canada, 1868-1921... 337-338
- Aggregate trade of Canada, by coun-
tries, 1920....... .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .... 411-413
- A
regate trade of Canada, by coun-
tries, 1921.............. . . . . . . . . . . .. ... 413-415
- Agricultural produce, exports of, by
values in five year periods, 1868-1920.. 344
Values of exports to U.K., 1868-1920... 344
Values of exports to U.S., 1868-1920.... 344
Values of exports to other countries.
1868-1920........ .......... . ........ 344
Values of total exports, 1868-1920...... 344
- Agricultural produce, exports of, by
values. 1920...... .... ... ... ....... ., 406-407
- Agricultural produce, imports of, by
values, 1920..... . . .. . _ _ _ . . . .... .. . .. 406-407
- Animals and their produce, exports of,
by quantities and values, 1918-21...... 356-361
- ADlmals and their produce, exports of,
by values, 1868-1920.................. 344
- Animals and their produce, imports of,
by quantities and values, 1918-21...... 384-387
Va.l.ues or exports to U.K.. 1868-1920... 344

766

PAGE.

Trade and Commerce-
Values of exports to U.S., 1868-1920.... 344
Value of exports to other countries,
1868-1920. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 344
Values of total exports, 1868-1920... . . . 344
- Duty collected on imports average p.c.,
rates of, from U.K., U.S., and all
countries, 1868-1920................... 410
- Duty collected on imports, by ports and
provinces, 1919 and 1920...... ........ 410-411
- Exports from U.S. of animal and agri-
cultural products to principal countries,
1914-18.. . . . . ... . . ........... . . . . . . . .. 424-445
- Exports of Canadian produce, by prin-
cipal ports, values of, 1919-1920........ 410-411
- Exports of coal the produce of Canada,
value of, 1903-20..... ... . .. . . . . . .. ... 320
- Exports of fish, value of, 1919-20..... . .. 302
- Exports of fish, by principal countries,
value of, 1919-20.... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
- Exports of fisheries produce, by values,
1868-1920. . _ . .. .. .. _ _ _ . .. _ . . . . . 344
- Exports of home produce, by quantities
and values, 1918-21................... 350-375
- Exports of home and foreign produce, by
values, 1868-1920..... . . . . . _ . . . . .. .. ... 344-346
Duties collected on, 1868-1892..... . . 340
Of coin and bullion, 1868-1918. ..... . 339
- Exports of home produce, by values, to
British Empire, 1917-21...... .. .... . . . 417
- Exports of home produce, by values, to
foreign countries, 1917-21.... _ _ . _ _. .. 417
- Exports of merchandise from Canada
through U.S. to foreign countries,values
of,1919-20.. ...... .................. 419
- Exports of wood, blJcks and other, for
pulp, to the U.S., by quantity and
value, 1904-20...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
- Exports of wood pulp, 1915-20........ . . . 292
- Exports, ratio of each class, 1918-21..... 347
- Exports to U.K., U.S. and other coun-
tries, of merc,tlandise the produce of
Canada, 1868-1921..................... 342
- Exports to West Indies, 1918-20...... . . . 408
- Exports to West Indies, 1901-20..... _ _ 409
- Fibres, textiles and textile products, ex-
ports of, 1918-21.. _. _............ .347, 362-363
- Fibres, textiles, and textile products,
imports of, 1918-21............348-349, 386-391
- Fisheries produce, exports of, by quan-
tities and values, 1918-21..... . . . . . . . .. 356-359
- Fisheries produce, exports of, by values,
1868-1920.... . ......... ............ 344
- Fisheries produce, imports of, by quan-
tities and values, 1918-21...., . .. ..... 384-385
Values of exports to U.K.,1868-1920. 344
Values of exports to U.S., 1868-1920.. 344
Values of exports to other countries,
1868-1920. . .. . . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. . 344
Values of total exports, 1868-1920.... 344
- Forest produce, exports of, 1920..... . '.. 406
Also see Wood, wood products and
paper.
- Forest produce,. exports of by values"
1868-1920... ............ .......... 345
- Forest produce, imports of, by values,
1920 _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Values of exports to U.K., 1868-1920. 345
Values of exports to U.S., 1868-1920. 345
Values of exports to other countries,
1868-1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Values of total exports, 1868-1920.... 345
- General tariff, imports under, 1919-20... 413
- Imports entered for consumption, by
values, 1868-1921.... . .. . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . 338
Duties collected on, 1868-1921...... . . . 340
From all countries, by values, duti-
able, 1868-1921.... .. . .. ... ....... 338
From all countries, by values, free,
1868-1921.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . .. 338
- Imports entered for home consumption,
including coin and bullion, 1917-21.... . 418

INDEX

PAGE.

Trade and Commerce-
- Imports for home consumption at certain
ports, 1919-20......................... 410-411
- Imports for home consumtpion, by
values and ratios of each class, 1918-21 348-349
- Imports for consumption, by quantities
and values, 1918-21....... . . . . . . . . . . .. 376-407
- Imports of anthracite and bituminous
coal, 1901-20. ........................
- Imports of Canada, in quantities and
values, by classes, 1918-21...., '" . . . .. 376-407
From United Kingdom, in quantities
and values, by classes, 1918-21. .-.. 376-407
From United States, in quantities
and values, by classes, 1918-21. . .. 376-407
From all countries in quantities and
values by classes, 1918-21.. . . . . . .. 376-407
- Imports of fish, 1902-20................ 301
- Imports from West Indies, 1918-20..... . 408
- Imports from West Indies, 1901-20..... . 409
- Imports into U.K. of animal and agri-
cultural food products by quantities
and values, by countries whence im-
ported, 1915-19........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 420-425
- Imports of merchandise into Canada
through U.S., values of, 1919-20.... ...
- Imports of Portland cement, 1898-1920..
- Imports of raw material for home con-
sumption, 1902-20.... . ... .. ... . .... ...
Broomcorn... ...... "'_"" ".'"
Cotton wool and waste. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gutta-percha, India-rubber, etc.....
Hemp, undressed...................
Hides, horns, pelts, etc. . . " . . . . . . . . .
Rags, all kinds.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sugar, raw. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tobacco, raw. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wool, raw........... . . .... . .., . .. ...
- Imports, ratio of exports to imports,
1868-1921. ....... .. __ .. .. . .... .....
- Imports, total, by values, dutiable, 1868-
1921. ......... . ... .... '" .............
Of coin and bullion, 1868-1918.......
Total imports, duties collected on,
1868-1921.. .. .... ... _ ............
Totals, by values, free, 1868-1921....
- Imports, by values, from British Em-
pire, 1917-21......... . ..... . .. . . .... ., .
- Imports by values, from foreign coun-
tries, 1915-19....... ... . .. ... '" . ... ...
- Imports which may be classed as manu-
factures, by values, 1920. .............
- Imports from U.K., U.S., and other
countries, which may be classed as
manufactures, by values, 1920... . " ...
- Imports from the U.K., U.S., and other
countries of merchandise entered for
home consumption, 1868-1921..... . . . . .
- Imports from U.K., and U.S., propor-
tions to totals of dutiable and free,
1901-20..... ..... .... ........ . . .... ...
- Imports under general, preferential, and
treaty rate tariffs, 1919-20............
- Manufactures, exports of, by values,
1868-1920. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Values of exports to U.K., 1868-1920.
Values of exports to U.S., 1868-1920..
Values of exports to other countries,
1868-1920.... . . . . . . ...... .. . . ... . .
Values of total exports, 1868-1920... .
- Merchandise, the produce of Canada,
value of exports, 1918-1921...... .,. .. . . 347
Values of exports to U.K., 1868-1921.342, 347
Values of exports to U.R., 1868-1921.342, 347
Values of exports to other countries,
1868-1921.... . . ....... ........... .342, 347
Values of total exp:)rts, 1868-1921... .342, 347
- Mineral produce, exports of non-metallic,
by quantities and values, 1918-21...... 370-373
- Mineral produce, imports of, non-metal-
lic, by quantities and values, 1918-21.. 400-403

320

419
318

412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412
412

341

338
339

340
338

417

417

407

407

343

409

413

345
345
345

345
345

J..YDEX:

PAGE.

767

l' mill' wltl Commen'l'-
- :\fineral produce, exports oC, by values,
18öS-1920. ........................... 345
Values oC exports to U. K., 18od-1920. 345
Values of exports to U.::;., IS6't-Ht?O. 345
'"alucs of exports to other countries,
l
t)'-H):!O. .... . . .. .. ... ... 345
Valu
of total exports, 18&),-1920... 345
- \Iiscellanoous produce, exports of, by
quantitie:3 and values, 1918-21... . . . . .. 374-375

Ii:.cl'lIww.()us produce, exports of, by
\"alu
, l
t)')- H)
II.. .. _ .. _. . " . " 3-W
Value.-! of exports to fT. K., 1
-I!1:.?1. 346
Vnlues of exports to U.::;., 186
-1921. 346
Yulul'!> of exports to other countril
,
Ih6
-I!)21. ........... _ .. . .... 346
Values of total ('''{ports, 1."ti8-1921... 346
- }lisccUaneous produce, imports of, Ly
quantities and values, 1915-21. ... . 04-407
- Pl'r cent duty on dutiable imports Crom
t. .K., 1.'-li'\-1!Ht'-... 410
From U.S., IS6
1919. . .... .. 410
- Preferential tariff, imports under, 1919-
20 ..... ...__....... . ...... 413
- Iwtio oC each ch
of exports, 1918-21 347
- Hatio of each clu..
of imports, 1918-21 349
TradoMark..Bnu1<'h....... _... ...... 456
- Treaty rates, imports, under, 1919-20.. 413
- Yaluc of goods ent('red for corummption
at certain pJrt'i 1!H9-20......... _. ... .tlO-411
- Value of tot
,1 exports and imports, by
provinces, 1919-20 ........ . . . . . _ 41(}-411
- '" alue per capita oC total trade, 18M-1921 341
Trades and Labour Conll;ress of Canada.. 52S
frade8 Cnion mcmbership.... . .'. .... 530
Transportation, Dominion legislation ra.
specti
health supervision of. . . . . . . . . . 45
Trnn"'-portation and communications, sta-
tistics oC. . . . . . . . .. . .. .......... . 45&-521
- Free, oC soldiers' dependants from 0\ er.
"cas...... '" . ..... _ ........ 4

Treaty rate8, import
under, 1919-20....... 413
fruro ColIl'ge of .\p;ricult ure, N.
. 2&:.?-2S:J
Trust and Loan Companie:,j ..... 610-612
-In\"cstmrnts on Trust Account. _ .. 612
- Liahilities and a::i."Icts of. HJl5-19... . .. 61(}-611
Trust funds, liabilities of Canada Cor, 1916-
:?u . . .. '" . . . . 55;
.funp;:otcn............... _....... _...... 92
Turnip!'!, area, yield and value of, 1915-20.. 191-210

{TnemploYl'd returned men, special relief to,
1919-1921.. _...... ... 27-28
L'nemployment in 191...._ _ _."...... 3
- Ontario CornnlÌsbion on........ . . . 3
-
tatistics of.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. _ . . . 536-537
Cnited I\:ingdom, trade with.. .337-338, 342-3.Ht,
350-407, 409-410, 413-415, 417-418
C nited f'tates crops, 1915...... _ .. . .... .". 4
t:'nited :'tate

avy, aeroplanes Cor........ 6, 7
- Ordnance Department.............. 7
- War
Iinerals Committee........... . . . . Ih
- States, trade with.. .338, 342-349, 350--407.
409-410, 413. 415, 41;-419
"Cnivcr:;ity education in Canada.. .. . . . 127, 150--158
- Students. loans to.." . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . _ . . 28-29
rrban population.. " .... .. .... ., . .... .99-101, 104
Utilization of the national labour force..... 16-17

Values of farm live stock in Canada, aver-
age, 1914-20...............".......... 2
3-225
- Estimated total, by Provinces, 1915-1920 226-227
- OC field crops, 1915-1920.. . '" _ ., _. 191-210
Vegetable products, exports of, by quanti-
ties and values, 1918-1921........ . . . . .. 350--355
Venereal diseases, provincial legislation Cor
prevention oC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Y l'rmilion School oC Agriculture.. . . . . . . . . .
V ictory Loan, First.... . . . . . . . . . . .
- :,econd. . . . . . . .. . . .
- Third...................... ........... .

47-48
286
9
10
10

PAGE.
560
109-118
109-118
109-118
109-118
109-11

111-118
109-110
729

Vinegar, exci!>e tariff for. . . . . . . . . . " "'_
Vital :;tatistics, by provinc
and cities...
- Birth-rate, 1913-19..........
- Heath-rate, 1913-19......... .....
- )farri
c-rate. 1913-19.......... ....
r- X atural incre..L"'-e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Of citic8, 1913-19.. ..
- Uf provinces, HJlI-19. .....
- Provincialll'll;islntion rl':-Ipecting.......
Vocational education, provinciallcgislation
re..
pecting....... . . . . . ... . . .. 734-735
- And universit
::.tuù('nts, loa.ns to....... 28, 29
- Training for di!>ahled soldier8. . . . .. . . . 22-24
Voluntary contributions of the people...... 18-19

\\a,ge8 oC CnrOl help in Canada, 1914-20.... 217-219
-Ufrailwayemployt'Cs,I907-18... . _469.540
- Of women. If'gislation rel'pecting mini-
mum in N .:-'., Ont. and
ask.. ...... 725-726
\\ ur, Acts arising out of the... . . . . . .. .... 720--721
- \pproprintion. expl'nditure on, for 1919.. 674-676
- Appropriation funds.. ......... ......... 17
- Board. ("amulian Hail\\ I'Y. .... . . . . . . . . 17
- Committ('l' of the Cabinet..... 18, 19
- Financ('... 8
- Lonrui..... . _ ... . . . . . . . . 8-10
-'Ien.-1urrs \ct..... ......,.......13.14, 15, 1

- Minerals Committl'c oC the United States 18
-
liS8ion at Washilijl;ton, British,. 18
- \[i8,Clion at Wa....hington. Canadian... . . . 18
- Pensions. ... _ ... 35-38
- Profits. Busina-",. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
- Profits tax. ..... . " . . 11-13
- Purchasinp; Commis:;ion. " _ _ . 17
- Revl'nul' Ad, ("m.toms Tariff........ . . 10, 12
- Revl'nue Act. :,pecial. ... 10, 12
-
ervice p;mtuiti
..... ......... 40-41
- Tax receipts. 1915-LU......... 555
- Taxation in Canada. .. ...... _." _' 1(}-13
War-time 8{'tivitil'S of Go\"l'rnml'nt and
people. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . _ . .
Co-ordin'ltecl operation of Canadian
raih\ays.... .
Food control. . . _ . . _" . _ .
Foorl production and conservation...
Fuel control. .. ....'................
\Iunition.. industry in Canada.......
Other \\ar-time governmental activi-
ties.. .. . ... .. 17-18
Post-war situation.......... . . . . . . . . . 1
l"tilization of the national labour
Corce.. . .... . . . . . . .. ..............
y oluntary contributions oC the people
\\"ar finance........ ....... ."."......
\\" ar loan."!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
War taxation in Canada.. . _ . ". . ..
War-time expansion of Government
functions. . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- Governmental activities, other.. . . . . . . .
- Trade Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\\ ashington, British \\ ar 'lission at.. . .
- Canadian \\ ar Mi&!>ion at......... '" .,.
\V aterways of Canada. . . .. .. .. _ . . . _ . . . . . .
Wealth of Canada, agricultural, 1915-20....
Weather of Canada during 1919............
Weights find measures, expooditure for,
1916-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
- and measures receipts, 1916-20.. .....".
WelCare, Child..... . ., ...................
WP:,t Indies, exports to, 1918-20.. .....
- Exports to, 1901-20.... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
- Imports from, 1918-20..... ... ....... ...
- Imports from, 1901-20........ ..........
Wheat, area and yield of, in Prairie Prov-
inces. 1918-20 .. _ . " ... . . . .. .190-191, 213
- Area, yield, quality and value of, 1915--20 191-2)
- Average yield of, in Canada, 1910-19.... 211-213
Wheat Board, Canadian....... .. ......... 15
Wheat Board, Dominion legislation as to.. 15
- Export Company.. . . . . .. .. .... . . . . . 15
- :\Iarketing, Control of. . . . . . . . . .. ... .... If

2-19

17
14-15
3-6
15-le
6-8

16-17
18-19
8
8-1C
1(}-13

13-14
17-18
18
18
1

80
266-267
168-171

554
553
46
408
409
408
409

,

768

PAGE.

INDEX

Wheat, prices of, at \Yinnipeg and Fort
William, 1914-20... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 239-242
- Prices of Canadian, in British markets,
1913-20............. .......... ........ 249-250
- Rust-resisting, investigation as to...... . 54-55
- Stocks of in Canada, 1917-21....... .. . .. 261-262
- Supplies, Royal Commission on........ . 15
- World's production of, 1919-20. . . . . . . . .. 272-274
White, Sir Thomas......... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 3
Whitewood, Sask., Reserve............... 33
Wholesale prices of commodities. .. . .. .. . .. 542-547
Winds in Canada, 1919........... .168-171, 180-187
Wine, consumption of. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .561, 562
- Duty per head paid on, 1913-20......... 562
Wireless telegraph coast stations. . . . . . . . . .. 508-509
Women's Institutes..... ................... 34
Wood, wood products and paper, exports of
by quantities and values, 1918-1921.... 362-365
Wood, pulp, exports of, 1915-20............. 292
- Manufactured by processes, 1915-19..... 291
- Quantity and value of wood, blocks and
other, for pulp exported to the U.S.,
1904-1920. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
.

PAGE.
Wool, raw, imports of, 1902-20.......... ... 412
- Value of, by provinces, 1914-20.......... 223-224
Work
en's.Compensation Acts, provincial
legIslatiOn as to.................... ... 725-726
World's production of cereals and potatoes,
1919-20.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 272-278
- Production of gold and silver, 1918-19...318-319
Wrecks and casualties, 1870-1919.......... . 503

Yields of field crops in Canada, 1915-20....
10-213
Y .M.C.A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Yukon, Government publications of the... 713
- Territory, expenditure for, 1916-20...... 554

Zehner, Sask., Piapot Reserve............ 33
Zinc bounties..... ........................ 454
- Production, quantity and value of, 1916-
20. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
- Production in British Columbia, 1917-19 317
- Production in Quebec, 1919............. 315

.

C3,.ïada yes r l--ook 1
O.

q

744
.58

TIllS BOOK f:AN!\JOT BE

de sensitized

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;'

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