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Canadian Entomologist

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MEGANOSTOMA CASSONTA.

EDITED By

Rey. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D:C.L. F.R.S.C.

LONDON, ONTARIO.

ASSISTED BY

Dr. J. Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa: H. H.
Montreal; Rev. Dr. T. W., Fyles, South Quebec :
and Prot. W. Lochhead. Guelph.

Lyman,

— > —

London, Ontario -
The London Printing and Litho

graphing Company, Liniited

Bist OF CONTRIBUTORS

TO VOL. XXXIil.

Seeeroia, JOLIN M., M.S.......... .........Moscow, IDAHO.
SS WASHINGTON, D. C.
I ek ie ee eee ees ses LOUIS, Mo.
TE rr Fort COLiins, Coo.
SSEACDITAUN 2... cc ce eee ctw eees East Enpb, Va.
Sees WILLIAM. .......2..ec20-c0 cue DECATUR, ILL.
OS TACUBAYA, MEXICO.

BETHUNE, REV.

Cee): (lhe Bditome. 22...

LONDON, ONT.

SPU Lik. We. we ecw cece eee New York.
ATEN SOM Rye, N. Y.
BOGUE, © OSL. Na Sh ee 0 eee STILLWATER, OKLA.
_ BUTLER, (Dek. ANI BTS 1 9 SS © 2a LONDON, ENGLAND.

HCAUDELL, A. N

Peewee GROP: TD. A...... lsc ste:
OTT LOS) UG

BDODGE, G. M..

BRM Re HARRISON G.... 0... ctecce es eee
See WIRD) Mi... ee wei eee
Be GORGE. As... 2... eee eee

PLWES, H. J ..
FERNALD, PRO

ED LRN LRS Ed D180 Bal |r sre ZURICH, SWITZERLAND.

Serre ie, PAIS. 2. ie... eee OTTAWA.

CELA CLs PUR OG 5 rrr rr CARBONDALE, ILL.
TESS. 28] SAVE DOI RSIS RE rr SOUTH QUEBEC.
BRS AIR OTISTS CCS Orr OTTAWA.

TTD (Cl TS RS ORILLIA.

Peeper CL Ihr: A. M.... cece. oe HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.

HANCOCK, a: lec oe Bete 50) ese oe nese CHICAGO.
ENING ec ee ee ee wa elne ae WINNIPEG.

Eee NS DONE... 2.22.5. ee ewe eee CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.

Eo AW DY Os 2S (2 rr Sao PAULO, BRAZIL.

SE et LESS? Sy SS oc OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY.
NEP TDR RO ie WASHINGTON, D. C.

ST TDG GDS ee BROOKLYN, N. Y.
a La OS UD) OE cc PHILADELPHIA.

JOHNSON, Tae mENMIEIe LS Gr. ..... .ceiesace os: COLLEGE PARK, MD.

I a ee LAWRENCE, Mass.

PMU EVAIOIRISIN. 0250 ............-+++se+...MCPHERSON, KANSAS.

LOUNSBURY, (CTR VANES ETE Gs Oe one Sia Carpe Town, SOUTH AFRICA.

mein HENRY H., M. A....................MONTREAL.

DSP EA VO OALIOX. De... 6. cee tees IrHaca, N. Y.

Ls TD. Wea ro WoosTER, OHIO.

To (O00 ee RSS, yrs IrHaca, -N. Y.

McNEIL i; EP OINID 25 68 6 ot enn ee Cee FAYETTEVILLE, ARK.

ETE TE os ek tee eg ered \USTIN, TEXAS.

eeeipm PAE STON 2.5. 5... eve ace es LONDON, ONT.

eet MISS MARY E.........20.002-, KirRKWooD, Mo.

EEE SG. ee cares ane LAKE ForEsT, ILL.

meORN- PROF. HERBERT........-.... ....7-COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Pe THEODORE. ........-c0cnceceeee WASHINGTON, D. C.

CS URES OLS ee =. QUINCY, ILL.

TEES Co coe PHILADELPHIA.

ROBERTSON, CHARLES...... MPP Coro cs ee CARLINVILLE, ILL.

SANDERSON, E. DWIGHT................... NEWARK, DEL.

SCUDDER, DR.
SLINGERLAND,

MCOM Nea Soe. . 3/2. . Seuies meneiee &

SNA... . .. aekieeeieaien. » «
aor OV... .clegatenemenerer

SE, J.B. Sc. D.........-..0:----.

SPEOOARTHIUR f...-.......+.--0500
TINSLEY, PROF. J. D.... at eee

mitUs, E. S. G.

eeeeeee, WILLIAM ..........0..--.---..-

MPTEENI EO) ea, IM. i... Sn cic c oe snc ee oes
....SAN BERNARDINO, CAL.

WRIGHT, W. G

WASHINGTON, D. C.

East LAs VEGAS, NEW MEx.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
LOUISIANA, Mo.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL.
PITTSBURG, PA.
COLESBORNE, ENGLAND.
AMHERST, Mass.

CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
ITHACA, N. Y.
NEw Brunswick, N. J.

. BELVIDERE, ILL.
_MESILLA PARK, NEW MEX.

Fort COLiins, COLo.
St. Loutrs, Mo.
WOOSTER, OHIO.

Digitized by the Internet-Archive
in 2009 with funding from
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.
a)

CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXII. PLATE |.

HENRY HERBERT LYMAN, M. A

aaAS

PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 1897-9,

The €anadiay ¥ntomologist

VoL. XXXII. LONDON, JANUARY, 1rgo0. No. 1

CONTENTS.

Eaitoral—H. Ho-Eyman’..<.......°......006 I | Dyar—Bombyx cunea. Efe . 16
Gibson—Note on Danais archippus..... -..- 2 | Lounsbury—Insect bites! nade efiects LENerab Ae 17
Hempel— New Coccid# from Brazil.......... 3 Hancock—-Tettigian group of Orthoptera..... 25
Grote—Neuration of Argynnis _............. 7 Slingerland—Popular name for Chisiocampa
King—Bibliography of Mass. Coccid#........ 9 CHSSEDIA ree iis coco ca cee ue kohemeeee at oee 7
Hulst—New genus and species of Phycitina.. 13 Rehn—Melanoplus differentialis.............. 28
Fyles—-Metzneria lapella..... of SOS eee 15 |

———— — — = SSS eee

HENRY HERBERT LYMAN, A.

We have much pleasure in presenting to our ea at the beginning
of a new volume of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, an excellent portrait of
Mr. Henrv HERBERT Lymavy, of Montreal, who has recently retired from
the Presidency of the Entomological Society of Ontario. He was born at
Montreal, on the 21st of December, 1854, and received his early education
at the West End Acadamy and the High School, winning at the latter the
Davidson medal. At McGill University, to which he proceeded, he
took the degree of B. A. (Logan medalist in Geology and Natural Sciences)
- in 1876, and M. A. in 1880.

In 1877 he entered the firm of Lymans, Clare & Co., wholesale drug-
gists, in Montreal, which two years later assumed the present name of
Lyman, Sons & Co. He is now senior partner and also president of the
Lyman Bros. & Co. (Limited), Toronto. ‘These business houses are
widely known throughout the Dominion, and have always been distin-
guished for their upright dealing, energy and enterprise.

Mr. Lyman has also been an active member of the volunteer force ;
he joined the 5th Battalion, now the Royal Scots of Canada, in 1877, as
an Ensign, and rose to be Major in 1885, with which rank he retired in
1891. He has further manifested his loyalty by becoming a Fellow of the
Royal Colonial Institute, and a member of the Council of the British Em-
pire League.

When less than eight years old he began to take an interest in
insects, and to observe their ways, and when only twelve he started to form

y THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

a collection of Lepidoptera, which has now become one of the finest in Can-
ada. His first printed observations on insects appeared in the 6th volume
of this magazine (1874), and he has since contributed to seventeen of the
succeeding volumes ; he has also furnished useful and interesting papers
to several of the Annual Reports of the Society. ‘The value of his scien-
tific work and attainments has been widely recognized. Since 1891 he has
been a member of the Editing Committee of this magazine ; in 1895. and
’96 he was elected Vice-President of the Society, and in 1897 he bécame
President. He held this highest place in the Society for two years, to the
great satisfaction of the members, and retired at the last annual meeting.
He is alsoa Vice-President of the Natural History Society of Montreal,
and member of a number of Scientific Societies in the United States. For
the last thirteen years he bas been President of the Montreal Branch of
the Entomological Society of Ontario, and has done more than anyone
else to keep alive the enthusiasm of the members, and to encourage all
who show any interest in the subject to persevere in the study. During
all these years nearly all the monthly meetings have been held at his
home, and the members have greatly enjoyed his generous hospitality.

Mr. Lyman is a notable example of what a busy man can do.
Though engrossed all day long with the duties and cares of a very exten-
sive business, which demands, more, perhaps, than any other, a close
attention to innumerable details,.he yet finds time not only for the pleas-
ures of an energetic collector of insects, but also for the performance of
much careful and conscientious scientific work. His published papers are
valuable contributions to science, being always characterized by thorough
accuracy of statement, and showing the results of painstaking and long-
continued research.

NOTE ON DANAIS ARCHIPPUS, Fas.

On the 30th October last I found, on the grounds of the Central
Experimental Farm, a chrysalis of Danais Archippus, Fab. This was
attached to a twig of maple, about seven feet from the ground, and was
quite green. When I had kept it in the office for two days it began to
darken, and on the qth November the butterfly emerged, but in a
crippled condition. This occurrence is rather interesting, and the
question arises, If the chrysalis had been allowed to remain on the tree,
would it have given the butterfly this autumn or not until next spring ?
It would be interesting to know if any other person has observed the
chrysalis of this butterfly so late in the season as the above, and with
what results. . ARTHUR G1BsoN, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.

ie)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF COCCID/=
FROM BRAZIL.
BY ADOLPH HEMPEL, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL.

Subfamily Coccine.
Capulinia crateraformis, n. sp.

The 2 makes a small crater-shaped gall in the bark of the limbs and
twigs. This gall is about 1.5 mm. high, and consists of an outer circular
ring from 1 mm. to 1.5 mm. in diameter, and a small cone within, which
can readily be removed. The cavity inhabited by the insect is smooth
and is lined with a white powder. The adult ? is small, oval in outline,
pink, and is dusted with a white powdery secretion. Boiled in a solution
of KOH it becomes colourless. Size, after boiling: length, .96 mm.;
width, .73 mm.

Antenne small, variable, usually of five joints, although joint 3
sometimes divides so that the antenna becomes six-jointed. Length, 97
micromillimetres. Approximate formula 31(24)5. Average length of
joints in micromillimetres: (1), 27; (2), 13; (3), 353 (4), 133 (5), 9.
The last joint bears a terminal brush of coarse hairs. First and second
pairs of legs entirely wanting. ‘Third pair of legs atrophied ; without
any visible articulations ; and not ending in a claw. The legs are usually
placed so near the posterior end of the body that half the length extends
beyond the margin. Length,.177 mm. Rostrum large and well devel-
oped. Mentum apparently dimerous. Rostral loop long, coiled upon
itself, and extending to the second pair of spiracles. The spiracles are
chitinous and well developed, and from one to four small round spinner-
ets are grouped around each one. The derm is transversely wrinkled.
The abdomen is segmented and ends in two short sete. The genital
aperture is guarded by four small spines. Around the margin of the
body, and on the dorsal surface, there are scattered small spinelike hairs,

Male and larva not observed.

Hab.—Sao Joao d’El Rei, State of Minas Geraes, Brazil. On the limbs
and twigs of Eugenia jaboticaba. Mr. Alvaro da Silveira collected this
species, and writes that it causes much damage to this fruit tree. From
a foot-note by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, in the ‘‘ Journal of the New York
Entomological Society,” Vol. VI., Sept, 1898, pp. 174 and 175, it is
apparent that this species also occcurs in the State of Sao Paulo. In
speaking of C. jaboticabe, Ihr., Prof. Cockerell says: ‘ Dr. Noack has
also sent me some specimens /” stu, collected by Dr. Campos Noyaes at

4 THE CANADIAN

ENTOMOLOGIST,

Itatiba, State of Sao Paulo, and I find they live in littie crater-shaped

galls.

The females have the antenne with 5 or 6 segments.”

It is quite

evident that the species which Prof. Cockerell examined was not C.
jaboticabee, but C. crateraformis.

The species of Capudinia may be readily separated by the following
tabulated characters. Unfortunately, I have no material of C. Sa//e/, and
the characters here given are taken from Sign. and Townsend &

Cockerell.
C. jaboticabe.

Length, 2.40 mm.

Antenne of 4 to 5
joints.

Length of antenne, 75
micromillimetres.
First and second pairs

of legs entirely want-

ing.

Last pair of legs artic-
ulated, and withovt
a claw.

Last pair of legs .302
mm. long.

Last pair of legs re-
moved from the
posterior margin.

The female makes
neither a gall nor a
definite sac; the
eggs being deposit-
ed in a fluffy mass
of white cotton.

18 to 35 spinnerets
around each spira-
cle:

Hairs on margin and
body long.

C. crateraformis.

Length, .96 mm.

Antenne of 5 to 6
joints.

Length of antennz, 97
micromillimetres.
First and second pairs

of legs entirely-want-

ing.

Last pair of legs not
articulated and with-
out a claw.

Last pair of legs, .177
mm. long.

Last pair of legs very
near the posterior
margin.

The female makes a
small crater-shaped
gall.

1 to 4 spinnerets
around each spira-
cle.

Hairs on margin and
body short.

C. Sallet.

Length,
mm.

Antenne a short
tubercle.

1.50 to 1.67

First and second pairs
of legs represented
by a sharp conical
tubercle.

Last pair of legs not
articulated, terminat-
ing in a claw.

Last pair of legs re-
moved from the pos-
terior margin.

The female covers itself
with a white cottony
sac bearing a single
long filament from
the end.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, hi,

Subfamily Lecaniin.
Lecanium Silveirai, n sp.

2 sub-circular to oval in outline, light red in colour. Dorsum con-
vex, shiny, with a slight longitudinal median ridge ; derm_ hard,
depressed around the anal plates, and covered with a very thin layer of
waxy secretion. Anal cleft short, with the sides contiguous. Arising on
the ventral surface and extending up each side, are two lines of white
powdery secretion. When removed from its resting place, it leaves a
round patch of thin white wax behind. ‘The specimens examined were
5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide, and 2 mm. high. It is probable that these
specimens were immature, as none contained eggs or larve.

Boiled in a solution of KOH, the derm becomes soft and transpa-
rent, being chitinized only around the anal plates. Antenne and legs
wanting. Rostrum large and well developed, situated between the first
pair of spiracles. Rostral loop long, extending to the anal plates. Anal
ring apparently with ten hairs. Anal plates small, with the lateral angle
rounded, and the antero-lateral side longer than the postero-lateral. The
margin has “two horseshoe-shaped incisions on each side, opposite the
spiracles, in which the derm is thickened and chitinized. The spiracles
are situated very near to these incisions, and are connected with them by
many small round spinnerets. The trachee are large and many-
branched. Around the margin of the body there are 2 or 3 rows of small
hairs, each one arising from a small tubercle. The entire derm on both
surfaces is covered with numerous large, round, nipple-shaped glands.
These are dark brown with a light centre. Interspersed among these
glands are a few hairs, and numerous small slender filamentous glands.

Hab.—Sete Lagoas and Diamantina, State of Minas Geraes. On the
roots of grapevines, where it causes much damage. The specimens
were collected by Mr, Alvaro da Silveira, on the roots of the Isabel
grape. Mr. Amandio Sobral and Dr. Compas da Paz have known a
disease for several years which they attribute to this insect. This species
is of special interest to agriculturists and economic entomologists ; and
will be difficult to combat, because of its subterraneous habits.

Lecanium obscurum, vn. sp.

2 scale of young and half-grown individuals, green; the scale
becomes darker with age, and is black in the old specimens. Shape
elliptical, dorsum convex rounded, shiny, with minute patches of waxy
secretion ; the derm is finely granular, and wrinkled at the sides, On the

6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ventral surface there are two converging white lines on each side. Anal
cleft .94 mm. long ; sides contiguous. ‘The largest specimens are 4.5 mm,
long, 3 mm. wide, and 2 mm. high.

Boiled in a solution of KOH, it colours the liquid greenish. ‘The
derm is chitinized and retains a dark colour. It is not reticulated, but
pitted with minute round hyaline spots. Antenne of seven joints, all of
which, except joint 3, bear hairs, Length 350-361 mm. Approximate
formula 423 (17) (56), or 472 (13) (56). The antenne are variable, but
in all the specimens examined, joint 4 was the longest and joints 5 and 6
the shortest. Length of joints in #: (1), 49; (2), 58-62; (3), 49-62 ;
(4), 80-89 ; (5), 22-29; (6), 27-29; (7), 49-62. Legs ordinary; the
coxa of the first pair of legs, with a short apical hair and several short
spines ; trochanter with the long side convex and bearing a long hair ;
the articulation between the tibia and tarsus is indistinct ; tarsus with a
constriction near the middle ; claw short; digitules twice the length of
claw, large, of equal size, bulbous at base, and broad and flat at the end ;
tarsal digitules slender, with the ends slightly expanded. Length of joints
of first pair of legs, in #: coxa, 80; femur with trochanter, 200 ; tibia,
120; tarsus with claw, 111; tarsus without claw, 89. The tarsi of the
other legs are not constricted. Mouth-parts well developed, placed just
posterior of the first pair of legs. Rostral loop short, not extending to
the second pair of legs. Anal ring with ten hairs. Anal plates small ;
the outer angle rounded, the two outer sides nearly equal, the postero-
lateral side being convex and just a trifle shorter than the antero-lateral-
Around the lateral margin there is a simple row of small hairs placed
wide apart.

¢ scale small, plain, white, very frail, composed of 7 lateral and 2
dorsal plates. General shape elliptical, the posterior part slightly
narrower than the anterior; dorsum convex. Length, 1.355 mm.;
width, .830 mm. Found on the branches and on the under side of the
leaves.
Larva, just hatched, yellowish green in colour, oval in outline, with
the posterior end of the abdomen slightly acuminate and ending in two
long setee. Eyes dark brown. Margin of body serrated and bearing a
few short hairs. There are two groups of stigmatal spines on each side,
each composed of two very short and one long club-shaped spines.
Antenne six-jointed, joints 3 and 6 about equal in length. Legs
ordinary ; claw long, tip well curved and slightly notched; the two

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i

digitules are of unequal size, one being small and fine, with the end but
slightly expanded ; the other larger, with the end flat and widely expanded.
Tarsal digitules also of unequal size, one being longer and thicker than
the other. Rostral loop long, folded upon itself and extending to the
anal plates. Length, .335 mm.

Hfab.—Ypiranga, State of Sao Paulo. Abundant on branches of
Maytenus, sp.

THE NEURATION OF ARGYNNIS.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.

In my examination of the types indicated by Mr. Scudder I have
been quite unable to separate Acidalia niphe, Scudd., Gen. 101, from the
type of Argynnis. This latter type, A. ag/aia, L., is characterized by the
second radial branch of primaries running so close to the main vein, for
a distance beyond the median cell, as to form a minute false accessory

cell above the angle of the radius which the crossvein joins. Since this,
as well as all other features, are repeated in the wing of zphe, I conclude
the genus Acida/ia of Hiibner, as founded on this species, must be
dropped. Another type, Dryas paphia, can hardly be retained as dis-
tinct from Argynnis from the neuration. The only difference is, that
the second radial branch, in running propinquitous, leaves the main vein
at somewhat before the point chosen in ag/aia and niphe. Indubitably
paphia is a species belonging to the same phylogenetic group, a trifle
isolated. On the other hand, neither /ssorza /athonia nor Brenthis hecate
share the character of the appressed second radial branch of Argynnts
and should be separated from this genus. The differences in the neura-
tion between /ssoria and Brenthis are very small and comparative ; in
both the second radial branch is not appressed and leaves the main vein
above the median cell before the point of juncture of the crossvein. The
point of departure in /ssoria is a little outwardly removed and the pro-
pinquity is so great that one can see that it requires but little to make the
branch decumbent. /ssoria differs further by the angulate papery wings
and by the fact that the crossvein on hind wings is but a faint scar be-
tween second median branch and cubitus. In Srenthis the crossvein is
as in Argynnis, a rather strong scar, and joins inferiorly the third median
branch ; whereas in /ssoria the point of juncture is opposite the first
cubital branch. It is a small distinction, but it reveals the fact that in
/ssoria the breaking up of the median series has progressed further. A
parallel difference, more widely expressed, separates the two series of the
Satyrids.

I leave out of this series the generic types of AZe/itea, which are
more specialized by the entire disappearance of the crossvein between

8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

second median branch and cubitus. ‘This feature is shared by PAyciodes,
which differs by its frailer wings. In all these types of the Me/itea
series, the second radiai branch has passed the point of juncture of the
crossvein and arises from the radius at a point near where the appressed
branch leaves the main vein in Arvgynnis. Thus the Ae/itea series is
more specialized than the Arvgynnis series, in which the second branch
leaves the radius before the crossvein. The genera, except Phyciodes,
separated by Mr. Scudder from J/e/ite@a—zi. e., Lemonias, Euphydryas—
are all invalid from the neuration and texture of the wing.

There remains to discuss the genus Hupfoieta. ‘This is.a specialized
type, as shown by the passage of the second radial branch beyond the
cell and by the open cell of secondaries. It seems to lead to Agrau/is
vanille, Colenis julia and Dione juno, in which the first radial branch
has followed suit and the “long-wing” butterfly type is assumed. I
differ from authors in considering these as Nymphalid or Argynnid types
and not as related to the Limnads (Anosta menippe, etc.), and the “‘long-
wing” type of /Ye/iconius, in which latter the residuary features of pri-
maries are quite apparent and the cells on both wings are closed.

BuTrerFLY Lists.--A puzzled cofrespondent, who has been collect-
ing and studying the butterflies of his own region of country for a score
of years, has begun the preparation of a catalogue. At the outset he
finds himself confronted with the difficult question as to what order he ~
shall adopt in the arrangement of families and genera. He writes as fol-
lows: ‘‘I learned the sequence of genera, etc., from Mr. W. H. Edwards’
plan, but I notice that every later author makes a plan of his own ag to
which genus precedes or follows. Now, probably no two men would
exactly agree as to the sequence of genera, etc., but ought not all to agree
as closely as possibly, to avoid confusion, and not to place stumbling-
blocks in the way of the learner?”. . . . “ Also, as to the division of one
genus into several, there is a similar difficulty. For instance, Mr. Ed-
wards’ genus Pamphila contained over eighty species; Dr. Holland
divides it into several genera, yet I doubt if any average Lepidopterist can
separate the species according to Holland. Of what use, then, is the
division, especially to a beginner? Simply, it is confusion.” . . . . “‘We
should have a law, written or unwritten, forbidding any change either
in the alteration of old names, cr the addition of new ones, without the
approval of a committee of competent men.”

Our correspondent will assuredly have a large number of sympathiz-
ers. Every entomologist groans over the incessant changes in nomencla-
ture that are being made. Some, no doubt, are justifiable and necessary,
but very many are not and have soon to give way to others. It is high
time that an ‘‘ Entomologists’ Union” should be formed to settle such
questions as these, as urged by Mr. Lyman in his Presidential address
of 1898.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MASSACHUSETTS COCCIDA — SUPPLE-
MENTARY TO CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOW-
LEDGE OF MASSACHUSETTS COCCIDA.

BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.

The object of the present list is to bring together all the published
records found by me to treat of, or give any reference to, Coccids known
to inhabit Massachusetts up to August, 1899. Since then others have
appeared and will be published when sufficient material is collected.
Cockerell, Theo. D. A., 1893.—Insect Life, Vol. VI., p. 103, he lists

Finnaspis pandani, Comst., from Mass. under glass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1895.—Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 43, is a note on
Chionaspis spartine, Comst., found at Woods Holl, Mass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1896.—Canapb1an EntTomovocist, Vol. XXVIIL., pp.
222-224, he describes as new sp. Ripersia Kingii, R. lasii and R.
fiaveo/a, from ant-nests in Mass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1897.—Science Gossip, Vol. III., n. s., pp. 239-241,
notes on all the known ant-nest coccids, and Dactylopius Kingii is
described from Mass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1897.—Part L. of Bul. U. S. Nat. Muse., No. 39,
p. 5, mention is made of the success of the writer collecting ant-nest
species of coccids in Mass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1897.—Bul. No. 6, Tec. Ser. U. S. Dep. Agr., Div.
of Entom., Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) smilacis, Comst., is recorded
from Massachusetts.

Cockereil, T. D. A., 1898.—Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. IL., sr. 7,
pp. 323 and 330, Aspidiotus Fernaldi, Lecanium Kingii and Kermes
Kingii are described from Mass., with a note of the occurrence of
Eriococcus quercus, Comst.; £. azalee,Comst., and Kermes pubescens,
Boyne, in Mass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., 1898.—CANADIAN EntTomo_ocist, Vol. XXX., pp.
293-294, references are made to Lecanium carya, Fitch., and Z.
corylifex, Fitch., found in Mass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., and King, G. B., 1898.—Canap1an ENTOMOLOGIST,
Vol. XXX., p. 326, Spherococcus sylvestris, new to America, is found
in Mass.

Cockerell, T. D. A., and King, G. B., 1899.—Psyche, Vol. VIII., pp.
349-350, Lecanium pallidior, n. sp., is described, with notes on
Lecanium Fletchert, Ck\l., from Mass.

10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Cooley, R. A., 1898.—CanapIan ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXX., p. 89, he
cites Chionaspis Lintneri, Comst., found at Stoneham, Mass.

Cooley, R. A., 1898.—CanapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXX., p. 232,
Diaspis amygdali, Tryon, is found at Jamaica Plain, Mass.

Cooley, R. A.—Bul. No. 17,°N. Sr., U. S. Dep. Agr., Div. of Entom.,
pp. 61-67, Pseudococcus aceris, Sign. (Phenacoccus aceris, Sign.};
Gossyparia ulmi, Geoff.; Aspidiotus Fernaldi, Ckll.; A. Forbest,
Johnson ; 4. ancylus, Putn.; A. perniciosus, Comst., and Diaspis
amygdali, Tryon, are recorded from Mass.; and on p. 23, Mr. Cooley
speaks of finding Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv., at Amherst,
Mass. :

Comstock, J. H., 1880-1.—U. S. Agr. Rpt., pp. 215, 225, 248, Pinnaspis
pandani, Comst.; Wytilaspis pomorum, Bouché, and /cerya Purchast,
Mask., are cited from Mass.

Fernald, C. H., 1894.—Mass. Hatch Exp. Sta. Rpt. for 1894 is an
account of the occurrence of Orthezia insignis, Dougl., found in the
college greenhouse, :

Fernald, C. H., 1895.—Bul. No. 4, Mass.- Hatch Exp. Sta. Crop Rpt.,
Aug., 1895, p. 25. I have not seen this.

Fernaid, C. H., 1895.—Mass. Agr. Rpt. for 1895, pp. 385-395, the San |
José Scale in Mass.; and in the same publication, ‘Report of the
Entomologist on the same insect, p. 43.

Fernald, C. H., 1896.—Mass. Agr. Rpt. for 1896, p. 86, The San José
Scale in Mass.; and in the same publication, p. 44-5, the same scale
is treated upon.

Fernald, C. H.—Mass. Agr. Rpt., 1897, pp. 156-162, a report on the San
José Scale; and also in his Report as State Entomologist, p. 102, treats
upon the same scale.

Harris, Thos. Wm., 1829.—The New England Farmer, Vol. VII., pp.
186-187. He gives an account of the following coccids in Mass.:
Coccus hesperidum, L. (Lecanium hesperidum, .), and Coccus
adonidum, L. ( Dactylopius adonidum, L.).

Harris, T. W., 1829.—New England Farmer, Vol. VII., p. 289, gives a
short account of Coccus cryptogamus, Dalman (Chionaspts
Jurfurus, Fitch.), found in Mass.

Harris, T. W., 1841.— Insects Injurious to Vegetation in Mass., pp. 201—
203. The following are said to occur in Mass.: Coccus hesperidum,
L. (Lecanium hesperidum, L.); Coccus adonidum, L. (Dactylopius

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11

adonidum, L.); Coccus arborum linearis, Schr. (Mytilaspis linearis,
Mod.), and Coccus cryptogamus (Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch.).
Howard, L. O., 1894.—Year Book, U. S. Dep. Agr., p. 255. Among
others he cites MMytil/aspis pomorum, Bouché, and Chionaspts
Surfurus, Fitch., from Mass.
Howard, L. O., 1894.—Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 5, Chionaspis furfurus,
Fitch., is said to occur in Mass.

Howard, L. O., 1894.—Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 236, in his treatise on
the maple Pseudococcus, P. aceris, Sign., in America, he cites it from
Mass., on maple at Jamaica Plain.

Howard, L. O., 1896.— Bul. No. 2, N. Sr. U. S. Dep. Agr., The History
of San Jose Scale in America, Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., is cited
in Mass.

Howard, L. O., 1896.—In a paper read before the Mass. Hortic. Soc.,
Feb., 1896, and published by Brookwell and Churchill, Boston,
Mass., among others he speaks of Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst.:
Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché; Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch., and
Aulacaspis rosé, Bouché, occurring in Mass.

Howard, L. O., 1898.—Bul. No. 17, N. Sr. U. S. Dep. Entom., p. 16,
Asterolecanium quercicola, Bouché, is cited from Mass.

Hunter, S. J., 1899.—The Coccidz of Kansas, II., contribution from the
Entomological Laboratory, No. 66, 1899, p. 70. Lecanium Cocker-
elli, Hunter, is described, and said to have been found by Mr. G.
B. King (of course from Massachusetts).

Kirkland, A. H., 1897. — .lass. Agr. Rpt., 1897, pp. 244-247, he treats
on Gossyparia ulmi, Geoff., as injurious to American elms in Mass.

Kirkland, A. H., 1898. — Mass. Crop Rpt., pp. 24-38, is a lengthy
treatise upon Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., in Mass.

King, Geo. B., and Cockerell,T. D. A., 1897.—CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Vol. XXIX., pp. 90-93, Lecanopsts lineolate, Phenacoccus americane
and Ripersia Blanchardii, n., sp., are described from Mass.

King, G. B., and Cockerell, T. D. A., 1898.—Psyche, Vol. VIII,
pp. 286-287, Pulvinaria innumerabilis, var. tilig, n. var., is described
from Mass.

King, G. B., and Cockerell, T. D. A., 1898.—Ann. and Mag. of Nat.
Hist., ser. 7, Vol. II., 1898, they describe Kermes nivadis, n. Sp.,
from Lawrence, Mass.

12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

King, G. B., and Tinsley, J. D., t897.—Psyche, Vol. VIIL, pp. 150-151,
Dactylopius claviger, n. sp., is described from ant-nests in Mass.
King, G. B., and Tinsley, J. D., 1898.—Psyche, Vol. VIII, pp. 297-298,
Dactylopius Cockerelli, n. sp., is described from Mass. !
King, G. B., 1897.—Entomological News, Vol. VII... pp. 125-129,
Aphides and Coccids associated with ants. Among others are
mentioned Ripersia Kingii, R. lasii, and R. flaveola, Ckll., from

Mass. \.

King, G. B., 1899.—Psyche, Vol. VIII, p. 312, Aipersita Zasii, CkIl., is
found infesting the roots of China Asters at Lawrence, Mass.

King, G. B., 1899.—Psyche, Vol. VIIL, pp. 334+336, Chtonaspis
furfurus, var. fulva, is described, with notes on other species. Prof.
Cockerell has called my attention to a very bad mistake in my
citation of the localities of Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch. (See Psyche,
Vol. VIIL, p. 335, and the sixth line from the bottom. It should read
North Carolina, and not Northern California.)

King, G. B., 1899.—-Psyche, Vol. VIII., pr350, Aspidiotus hedere, Vall.,
and Audacaspis elegans, Leon., are found in a greenhouse, imported
from Bermuda.

King, G. B, 1899.—Canapian Enromotoaist, Vol. XXXI., 1899, Contri-
bution to the Knowledge of Massachusetts Coccidz, I., pp. 1og-112.

do. ye 5 nes oie cn .. IT, ppg

do. fe =e 5 a a .. IIT, pp. 225—2ae-

do. aa 4 is = J. ... LV.) ppiepieee a
Lounsbury, C. P., 1895.—The 32nd Ann. Rpt. of Mass. Agr. Coll.
=Appendix=. This treats upon all known Orthezza to date, and

cites Orthezia insignis, Dougl., froma greenhouse at Amherst, Mass.

Lounsbury, C. P., 1895.—Bul. No. 28, Hatch Exp. Sta., Mass. Agr. Col.,
p. 23 and 26, cites Gossyparia ulmt, Geoff., and Orthezia insignis,
from Mass.

Marlatt, C. L., 1899.—Science for June, 1899, p- 835-837. The author
criticises and doubts the validity of Chionaspis furfurus, var. fulva,
King, from Massachusetts.

Packard, A. S., 1869.—Mass. Agr. Rpt., pp. 257-261. The following
species are said to be common in Mass.: Aspidiotus bromelie
(Aulacaspis bromelie Kerner); Lecanium platycerii, Pack. (now
unrecognized); Lecanium filicum, Boisd., and Coccus adonidum L.,
(Dactylopius adonidum, 1..).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13

Packard, A. S., 1871.——American Naturalist, Vol. IV., p. 686, substan-
tially the same as the above.

Packard, A. S., 1886-1890.—Fifth U. S. Rpt. Entom. Com., p. 537. It
states that Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch., was described from Mass. on
apple and pear.

Pergande, Thos., 1898.—Bul. No. 18, n. sr., p. 27, U. S. Dep. Agr.; in
his description of Zecanium nigrofasciatum, he cites it from Boston,
Springfield and Deerfield, Mass.

Parrott, P. J., 1899.—Canapi1an Enromotocist, Vol. XXXL. p. 11, he
describes Aspidiotus Fernaldi, var. Cockerelli, and states that 4.
Fernaldi is found on honey locust in Mass.

Parrott, P. J.,and Cockerell, T. D. A., 1899.—The Industrialist for March,
1899, p. 165, notes with formula of the antenne of Zecantum coffer,
from greenhouse at Lawrence, Massachusetts.

Parrott, P. J., and Cockereli, T. D. A., 1899.—The Industrialist for
April, 1899, pp. 233-235. Important notes appear treating upon
Lecanium cynosbati, Fitch.; LZ. tarsale, Sign.; L. nigrofasciatum,
Perg.; Z. guercifex, Fitch., and Z. Kingzi, Ckll., all from Mass.

Parrott, P. J., and Cockerell, I. D. A., 1899.—The Industrialist for May,
1899, pp. 276—277, mention is made of Aspidiotus elegans, Leon., and
A. Crawit, Ckll., from Lawrence, Mass.

Riley, C. V., and Howard, L. O.—Insect Life, Vol. V., p. 51, is a note
recording Gossyparia u/mi, Geoff., at Boston and Brighton, Mass.

Scudder, S. H., 1899.--Psyche, Vol. VIII., p. 299, Ripersis lasiz, Ckll.,
is found infesting the roots of China Asters at Lawrence, Mass.

Tinsley, J. D., 1899.--CANaDIAN EnromotociIsT, Vol. XXXI., p. 45, in his
contribution to Coccidology, I1.,Dactylopius Kingii, Ckll., is reduced
to a synonym of Dactylopius sorghiellus, Forbes. |

Tinsley, J. D., and King, G. B., 1899.--Entomological News, Vol. X.,
p. 37, they describe as new Ripersia minima, from Lawrence, Mass.

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF .PHYCITIN.
BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Monoprtiora, n. gen.—Palpi ascending, second article heavy, third
short ; maxillary palpi small ; front broad, flattened, ocelli not discernible
in undenuded specimens ; antenne of 4, first joint much lengthened,
swollen, followed by a decided, rather lengthened bend, hollowed on

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

the inside into a deep furrow or pocket its entire length, the edges
scaled, becoming tufted on posterior edges outwardly ; beyond sinus
filiform ; from beyond basal joint the antennz are unipectinate, the
pectinations one on each segment, filiform, being longest just beyond
sinus, and these five or six times the diameter of the stem, each armed
with straight parallel hairs on each side ; end segments ciliate. Antenne
of @ filiform ciliate. Thorax and abdomen rather stout, the genital
armature of # prominent. Fore wings rather elongate, subtriangular, 11
veins, 4 and 5 separate, 6 from cell near angle, 8 on 7, 9 and 10 from cell.
Hind wings broad, 8 veins, 2 near angle, 3 from angle separate from 4,
4 and 5 stemmed half their length, 6 separate from 7 Cell very short,
not more than 14 wing length. Legs as usual in the group, rather heavy.

A very peculiar genus, with Ceara, Rag., unique in the unipectinate
antenne of the ¢.

M. nubtilella, n. sp.— Expands 21-23 mm. _ Palpi dark fuscous,
lighter on inner side ; front fuscous, much darker in front of eyes ; in one
specimen purplish in middle, antennze fuscous; thorax fuscous, with
purple tint more marked in front, and lightening into grayish behind ;
abdomen fuscous to light fuscous-gray, somewhat purplish on anterior
segment. All the segments darker lined; fore wings dark fuscous,
broadly shaded with blackish longitudinally on veins, and lightened with
white scales on anterior half, and submarginally making these portions
gray, with blackish dashes of ground colour, the gray being most decided
on sub-basal and central anterior portions. Over the wings on the
intervenular spaces is a purplish stain, more evident posteriorly ; cross
lines faint, whitish, the inner shown mostly by the heavier dark angulate,
somewhat diffuse, blackish outer shading, the outer fine, rounded outwardly
in middle, with indistinct dentate tendency; discal spots geminate,
black ; marginal line broken, black ; fringe fuscous. Hind wings dark
smooth fuscous, lighter basally and along inner margin, the lines darker.

Beneath even smooth fuscous, the fore wings the darker; marginal line
blackish.

Specimens from National Museum and Department of Agriculture,
taken in Maryland, Florida and Alabama. The insect, which promises to
be of considerable economic importance, will have its habits and history
made known by the Department of Agriculture. The type number in
National Museum collection is 4393.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15

METZNERIA LAPPELLA, L.—A CURIOUS LIFE-HISTORY.
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.

In the beginning of September, 1898, I discovered, in the heads
of burdock (Zappa mayor, Gertn.), a curious larva, of which the fol-
lowing is a description :

Head bilobed, brown. Mouth organs large. A_ brown plate,
marked longitudinally with a white line, on the second segment. Body
rounded, much crinkled, of a fatty appearance, having a few white hairs
along the sides. Anal segment small and protruding. The legs small
and weak. ‘The pro-legs seemingly atrophied into mere pseudopodia.
Length of larva, two and a half lines.

On the approach of winter, the larva, having eaten out a convenient
hollow in the closely-packed seeds, cemented its surroundings together,
and then lined its cell with a flocculent white cocoon. In this it
remained unchanged till the beginning of June, when it went into
chrysalis.

The pupa was of elegant shape, amber-coloured—the head parts
darkening into brown. The antenne and legs were traceable through
the skin. The length of the pupa was three lines. The moths appeared
in the end of June and continued till August. They mated about the
middle of July.

The dimensions of the perfect insects were as follows :

Expanse of wings (3) 5% lines, ($) 9 lines. Length of body (¢)
2% lines, (Q) 4 lines. Length of antennz (¢ )-2 lines, (?) 3 lines.

The eyes of the moth were large and prominent, in colour they were
a rich brown. The palpi were reflexed—the second joint was long and
had long scales, and the terminal joint was pointed. The antennz were
filiform, prettily encircled with minute short bristles at the joints. The
proboscis was long and coiled up watch-spring fashion. The body
terminated with a tuft like a paint brush. The tibia in the hindmost
pair of legs had two pairs of spurs ; that in the second pair of legs had
but one pair.

The fore wings were of a pale sienna-brown, with a patch of darker
brown extending along the costa and towards the inner margin for two-
thirds of the length of the wing. There were three or four lines of
darker scales towards the hind margin and following its curve. Some of
the specimens had the three dots on the disk, spoken of by Stainton
(Man. of Bh. But. and Moths, Vol. I1., p. 348).

16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The hind wings were slate-coloured, and had long fringes of the
same hue. |

The eggs of the moth (obtained by pressure) were very minute,
globular, smooth and white. They are dropped probably into the flower-
head of the plant, for the most careful microscopical examination showed
no opening made by a larva through the involucre.

On August 4th I found the newly-hatched larva biting into: the
side of one of the outer seeds. The seeds at this time were white and
tender. The body of the larva was white, waxen and semi-translucent.

The insects were identified for me by Lord Walsingham and Mr. J.
Hartley Durrant. To them also I am indebted for the correction of the
generic name from Parasia to Metzneria, Zeller.

It may be asked, How was this European insect advanced to
Canada? This probably is the correct answer: At Point Levi there is
a quarantine station for cattle, and Old Country hay and straw are often
landed with the cattle, and burs containing larve of the species have at
some time been landed with the fodder. .-The burdock is plentiful on all
our roads. :

BOMBYX CUNEA, Dru.

The latest communication of the Rev. T. W. Fyles on this subject
may be briefly corrected by the following synonymy :
SPILOSOMA, Steph.
prima, Slosson.
cunea, Fyles (nec. Drury).
congrua, Walk.
antigone, Strk.
HypHANTRIA, Harris.
cunea, Dru.
punctatissima, S. & A. (et al.)
var. budea, Hubn.
textor, Harr. (et al.)

There can be no manner of doubt of Drury’s figure. It represents
the spotted form of Hyphantria. The description of the abdomen, at the
last resort, is conclusive. The only point in doubt, as Dr. Ottolengui
says, is as to the possible specific distinctness of cunea and budea. But
Mr. Lyman is at work upon this, and may be able to give us some results
later on. ’ “HaRRISON G, Dyar, Washington, D. C.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ly

INSECT BITES AND THE EFFECTS THEREOF.
BY CHARLES P. LOUNSBURY, DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, CAPE TOWN, S. AFRICA.

The letter from Dr. Behr, under the caption, ‘ A Californian Tick,”
in the August issue of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, bears on a subject
becoming fraught with interest to many investigators engaged in public
‘service. It is withthe object of stating my crude ideas on the matter,
that of serious and exceptional effects sometimes following insect bites,
and of relating my experience with man-attacking ticks, that I contribute
this note. First, I think that a distinction should be drawn between the
sting or bite of insects (I use both “ bite” and “insects” broadly) that
seek their prey for food only, as mosquitoes, ticks, and bugs, and those
whose attack is primarily and purposely to inflict injury, as centipedes,
spiders, and many hymenopterous insects. It is with the former class
only that I now concern myself.

There seems to be an object in all the intricate relationships between
the various forms of life, and, in general. we have not far to seek in ascer-
taining the object of any severe injury to one form by another. Rarely,
if at all, do we find an organism wantonly inflicting injuries that must act
directly for its own destruction. A mosquito, a flea or a tick seeks an
animal to supply itself with food; and injury beyond that necessarily
caused in puncturing the skin and in stimulating the flow of blood from
the tissues beneath appears to be unnatural and abnormal. ‘This direct
injury, unless immensely multiplied, is, I incline to believe, never of a
serious nature to a man or any other animal in a normal state of health.
For Argas persicus to inflict a bite which of itself proves fatal seems
monstrous. The destruction of the life of a man would not benefit the
tick, when all it requires is but a mere drop of blood ; and, on the other
hand, for its bite to prove fatal would soon bring the tick to the verge of
eradication. The case is quite different with the insects that consume
much of their host, as hymenopterous parasites for instance, for they
utilize their host to the utmost whilst destroying it.

Reasoning thus, and influenced doubtless by recent discoveries in the
transmission of certain diseases by the agency of insects, I have come to
believe that the direct injury inflicted by any individual insect when seek-
ing a temporary supply or food is very rarely of a serious nature to a host
healthy in mind and body. When the number of parasites is immensely
multiplied, serious consequences may follow, but then we approach the
condition instanced in the case of hymenopterous parasites. Apparent

18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

exceptions to this rule do exist, but for most that have occurred to me I
believe there is a reasonable explanation. For example, a single tick
may paralyse a sheep or cause serious lameness in a horse, but only
because the tick has chanced to insert its rostrum into particular tissues ;
in these cases, I have known the removal of the tick to afford almost
immediate and entire relief.

An idea of this sort is at most a theory, but much support for this one
may be obtained by its satisfactory application. As to how it is that
various disorders, often of a serious and even fatal character, are induced
or rather follow the attack of particular insects, even in limited numbers, I
can only express the opinion that the effects are due, not to the primary
injury, but to the incidental transmission of an organism quite as foreign
to the attacking parasite as toits host. Thanks to American investigations,
scientific research has shown that the Texas Fever organism is transmitted
by ticks. I have affirmed this discovery in South Africa, and can add that
we have ticks innumerable and of the same species in non-fever districts
as we have where the fever is most prevalent ; and further, that ticks were
known in the present fever areas long before the disease spread into the
Colony. Major Bruce, by his labours in Zululand, has demonstrated that
the bite of the notorious Tse-tse Fly is only fatal because of the incidental
introduction of an infusorial parasite. Dr. Koch, I understand, is now
connecting malarial fevers with mosquitoes in an analogous association.
Ticks are the cause of sheep dying in Great Britain because they may
transmit to their host the bacillus of Louping Ill. Other instances still
might be cited, but these I think are sufficient to impress one with the
fact that insects are often only unconscious agents, not principals, in
causing serious consequences through their bites.

The simple bite of an insect varies in its effects with different subjects,
but, as Dr. Behr remarks, the variations seem due to personal idiosyncrasy.
A Kafir laborer, treading on an Acacia thorn, will simply grunt, and after
withdrawing it from his foot will go on unconcernedly with his work,
although it may have pierced his leather-like sole a full inch; a European
would be brought to the verge of tears, and might think himself incapaci-
tated for further work during the rest of the day. Just so a native is as
little annoyed with head-lice as a dog is with fleas, and sleeps soundly in
his squalid hut while bed-bugs carouse over his naked body. From the
vermin-seasoned, unfeeling savage to the super-sensitive product of civili-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19

zation there are innumerable gradations, and hence some variations in the
effect of simple insect bites.

Some variation is due to other factors. Bites may be followed with
less pain if the insect is allowed to work undisturbed. Asa child, I was
taught not toslap mosquitoes until they were ready to depart, and my im-
pression is that following this instruction has saved me suffering. Persons
bitten by Argasids have told me the pain is always greater if they disturb
their tormentors. I have not tested this assertion, but I know that the
bite of Argasids left to finish their meal in peace is trifling in after-effects
compared with that of Ixodids which have been disturbed by forcible
removal ; one must remove the latter class of ticks or suffer their presence
a number of days. Evenif one of the latter kind has not fully inserted
its rostrum preparatory to feeding, the after-effects are relatively more
painful. Again, the structure of a tick’s rostrum is such that forcible
removal of the body often leaves a portion of the organ imbedded in the
flesh. Large and painful festers may be thus initiated, which, if not prop-
erly attended to, may lead to serious consequences. Further, tick bites
may be made more painful by indiscreet scratching or by irritation from
one’s clothing. In May last, while absorbed in watching larval ticks on
grass tops, I became covered with the little fellows. Many worked their
way through my clothing and my body in places was soon stippled with
attached ones. Instead of smearing these with oil and leaving them to
detach themselves, a measure which prevents almost all further irritation,
I simply scrubbed them off in my bath. The result was innumerable
painful though minute festers on my ankles and back. One cannot easily
reach his back between the shoulders, and there the inflammation and
pain soon subsided ; but for ten weeks my ankles, which came in for
scratchings without number and were also in continual friction with my
boots, remained painfully sore. Occasional injury beyond that incidental
to the bite may be caused, I suspect, by the introduction of the organisms
found in abscesses (such as Streptococcus pyrogenes). The attack of a
certain cattle tick in this country is not uncommonly followed by the
formation of an abscess, and it may be that in this case the tick or ticks
had previously feasted about a similar sore ; certain it is that many are
often to be found clustered about great festers.

Dr. Behr, like myself, scouts the supposition that Argas persicus
inflicts a fatal wound. He suggests that the fatality may be due to the
coincident occurrence of malaria, and mentions that malarious fevers

20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

are very common in the region where the tick is recorded to occur. He
considers 4. fersicus a local tick, and hence has seemingly thought it
indiscreet to couple the tick with the malady as a transmitter of the latter
from person to person, But there is good ground for considering 4. per-
sicus a widespread creature. -A fowl-attacking tick in India is referred to-
the species, and also one in Australia. From a comparison of specimens
from these countries with specimens of Argas americanus from Texas
and with the common fowl tick of South Africa, Claude Fuller (now Natal
Entomologist) and myself concluded that all were of one and the same
species ; on referring South African material to A. D. Michael, the well-
known English authority on the group, we were told that our ticks pre-
sented no differences to 4. persicus, and, moreover, that 4. persicus was
probably nothing more than the European A. reflexus. The A. columbe
mentioned by Dr. Behr, it may be added, is. given by Neumann as a
synonym of A. reflexus. Thus the historical, man-killing tick of Persia
appears to be now found on five continents. This is not at all remark-
able, for a parasite common to many birds like this one is readily dis-
tributed. Two trustworthy correspondents-of mine say they have been
bittten by our South African Argas, but both scoff at the idea of serious
consequences ever following the bite. To note the effect of the bite my-
self, I recently permitted a long-starved specimen to refresh itself from —
my arm. It remained on sixty-five minutes, and then, loosening its hold,
crawled off. In this time it had distended itself fully. The wound took
a fortnight to heal, but I scratched the scab off several times when not
thinking ; otherwise it might have healed ina shorter time. The swelling
and inflammation were slight, as was also the usual exudation of serous
matter. The annoyance was limited to an occasional trifling itch such as
the presence of a flea at work occasions me.

Further evidence indicative of the disease-transmission theory is
afforded by the circumstances surrounding another tick whose bite is con-
sidered serious to man in some parts. I refer to Onithodoros Savignyt,
Audouin. This is an African species which mayhap be identical with the
very one which prompted Dr. Behr’s letter.* This tick, in common with
mosquitoes and certain other flies, is credited with the spread of fever by

*Neumann in his monograph does not give extensive ground for separating O.
Savignyi and O. turicata. In this country, natives are known to carry the tick uninten-
tionally with their belongings from place to place. It might easily have been introduced
into America with slaves in the last century or earlier, just as negroes, returning to
Africa, are said to have introduced here the Jigger Flea (Sarcopsylla penetrans) ; this
latter insect continues to spread, and is now found as far south as Durban, Natal.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21

some of the native tribes in Rhodesia; and the Namaquas, near the Orange
River mouth, who have a perfect dread of it, and who will not rest in situ-
ations they suspect to be infested, also believe that it induces serious illness.
David Livingstone heard stories to the same effect from the Portuguese in
East Africa, and in his “ Travels: in South Africa,” page 383, he thus
describes the effects of the bite, apparently as experienced by himself:
‘“‘ These are,” he says, ‘‘a tingling sensation of pain and itching, which
commences ascending the limb until the poison imbibed reaches the
abdomen, where it soon causes violent vomiting and purging. Where
these effects do not follow, as we found afterwards at Tete, fever sets in ;
and I was assured by intelligent Portuguese there that death has some-
times been the result of this fever.”

Now this tick, commonly known as “ tampan,” 1s spread far and wide
in South Africa, and I am told is exceedingly common in the huts of
natives in some parts. In the dry north-west of this colony, everybody
seems to be acquainted with it and its bite. It is frequent at the uitspans
(that is, places to rest the transport animals), and hence travellers nearly
all receive its attention. But in these parts little more is thought of its
bite than that of the bed-bug; and to my predisposed mind it has occurred
that all the stories of serious effects come from notorious fever districts.
Somewhat more than nine months ago I was favored with a collection of
specimens from a Transvaal correspondent. He obtained them from an
outhouse on his farm which had become infested simultaneously with the
arrival of a batch of Bechuana natives from their own country. These
tampans have been kept in a glass tube, and their long fast has made
littie difference in their appearance. ‘They lie motionless in the dry
earth enclosed with them and patiently await a host. Until I read Dr.
Behr’s letter, now two months ago, I had not ‘screwed up” sufficient
courage to let any of the repulsive creatures repast at my expense, but
his remarks decided me. On September 8th, I fed one in the morning
and one in the afternoon. Both were simply placed on my arm, and
they attended to their wants without further invitation. Neither was
restless, but immediately scratched a hole and began. One staid on an
hour and the other two hours. There was no sensation of pain in either
case, but an exudation of a transparent fluid was observed to collect
beneath the body of the tick, and the evaporation of this appeared to be
responsible for a slight sensation of cold or numbness ; at times, too, there
was a slight tickling. At the conclusion of the respective banquets, each

-

22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

was fully distended with blood. When they left, there were slight inflamed
spots about two millimetres in diameter, but no abrasions visible, so
neatly had the operations been performed. ‘The next day the spots were
somewhat swollen, and on the next there was a slight exudation of serous
matter. There was, however, no pain beyond an itch when I was tired
and sleepy. On the night of the third day I was taken violently ill with
purging, accompanied by profuse perspiration and weakness. Fora short :
time I was happy in mind (though not in body) with the thought that the
ticks had given me an up-country “ fever,” but to my disappointment no
fever set in; indeed it was two or three hours before my temperature rose
to anything like the normal, from which it had dropped nearly three
degrees during the acute distress. The following day I consulted the
Colonial Medical Officer, and our conclusion was that while the attack
might possibly have been induced through the ticks, the odds were much
in favour of ptomaine poisoning; the fact that I had partaken of shop-made
sausage a few hours previous to the illness favoured the latter view. There-
fore it was desirable to have a fresh test-conducted, and as, if the trouble
arose from the ticks, there was a possibility of my now. being immune, I
was nota favourable subject. The Chief Inspector of Sheep for the Colony,
A. G. Davison, volunteered to accept the risk, and at once a tick was
placed on his arm. In forty minutes its distension was complete and it
relaxed its hold. On the next day, feeling stronger myself and too
enthusiastic to decide the doubt to heed any danger, I applied another
specimen to my own arm; this one was a mature female, and when it
withdrew fifty minutes later it had swollen to ten millimetres in length by
seven in breadth. ‘The critical third night passed without mishap either
to Mr. Davison or myself. Nearly two months have now elapsed, and
still none of the looked-for symptoms have appeared ; and I feel convinced
that the sausage was responsible in the first instance. The wound on Mr.
Davison’s arm healed in ten days. All three on my arm took at least a
fortnight, and the last nearer three weeks, but I am less robust than Mr.
Davison. The swelling in no case was more than trifling, and the inflam-
mation, also slight, lasted but three or four days. I carefully watched for
a rise in temperature after the last bite, but none took place. All this
detail is mentioned to show that the tick has had a fair trial, and has failed
to maintain its evil reputation. But however much one may doubt native
traditions, one cannot refuse to credit Livingstone’s account ; and there-
fore my opinion is strengthened that in some sections the tick is the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23

~*

transmitter of fever germs. The creature is long-lived, and while it
requires few meals, perhaps only one in each moult, it may take the different
meals from different persons. Parties native or long resident in fever
districts often become, in a measure, immunized to the disease ; but tam_
pans, from feeding on the blood of such parties, might derive organisms
which, transferred to susceptible newcomers, would induce a serious
attack of the complaint. Students may shake their heads over this, but
the transmission of fever in this manner would not be one whit more
remarkable than the transmission of Texas Fever in cattle through a
similar agency. When studying the metamorphosis ofa certain cattle
tick recently, I unintentionally gave this disease to a cow located far from
any infected area, stabled night and day, and fed entirely on dry forage.
The case was diagnosed by the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon, the bes;
authority in the country, so its determination admits of no doubt. But the
strange part is that the ticks inducing the disease must have had it trans
mitted to them from the mother tick: this had been collected in a Texas
Fever area ten months before.

To refer again to Argas persicus, the change in location of a settle-
ment affording temporary relief to the Persians may be explained without
considering the relief evidence of very local distribution of the pest. All
is, the tick only becomes abundant where its food supply is located. It
does not multiply rapidly, but takes its meals so infrequently that its
round of life is an extended one; therefore, after a few years an abode
may become teeming with them. If sucha place be occupied after a long
period of disuse, the occupant would draw a multitude of the creatures
from their lurking places ; the presence ofa clean-skinned stranger among
the dirty inhabitants might also bring out the enemy in unusual numbers.
In the long interval between its meals, the tick secretes itself away from
its host just as a bed-bug does. ‘Therefore the removal of the inhabitants
and their scanty belongings leaves all or nearly all of the pest behind,
perhaps to take a year or several years to starve to death. If the people
change their location simply to get away from their vermin, it is probable
that they look over their chattels to see that none is carried to the new
quarters, and thus for a while they may have complete relief.

The apparently local distribution of O. Savignyz in parts of South
Africa may be explained as I explain that of A. persicus. In the north-
west of this Colony, O. Savignyz has the name of occurring almost solely
in the shade of the Cameel Doorn (Acacia giraffe}. No experienced

24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

traveller to those parts, I am told, rests himself or his horses under that
tree. Elsewhere in the north-west certain other vegetation is avoided by
the knowing ones. Away from these plants, one may rest with little risk
of attack, but beneath them he will generally soon find things altogether
too lively for comfort. I have sought an explanation from travellers, and
have this plausible one from a surveyor, who is also an observant natural-
ist: The Cameel Doorn is the most common tree in those sun-scorched, ©
sandy parts, and offers almost the only available shade to horses and
cattle. These animals therefore seek that tree, and there they are fre-
quented by the tampan, which, it should be stated, attacks horses and
cattle as freely as men. Certain other vegetation may shelter sheep and
goats, but these are not found in all localities. My informant had never
watched the small stock to notice if the tampan attacked it, having taken
this for granted; but he had observed that it was only in small stock dis-
tricts that it was necessary to avoid low bushes which afford shade as well
as the higher Cameel Doorn. ‘The inference is that there is a triangular
association between shade, animals, and,the tampan tick. That no tree
or plant is necessary for the welfare of the tick is evidenced by the fact
that in some parts of the country it takes up its abode in native huts.
The thatched roof and basket-work wall of a hut gives them the necessary
shelter. On the veldt, they usually appear from the sand. It is motion,
not sound or scent, apparently, that attracts them, but this statement
requires elaborate experimental confirmation.

In conclusion of these somewhat disjointed remarks, I trust that they,
in conjunction with Dr. Behr’s letter, will have influence in arousing more
interest in the somewhat neglected subject of insect bites and their effects.
There are many lines open for original research, and there is a distinctly
economic phase to some. For instance, if it can be demonstrated that
fowl ticks, and other poultry parasites that alternate periods of rest away
from the host with their gormandizing, may and do communicate dis-
eases, as seems likely, an important public service will, have been ren-
dered. That demonstration would have greater influence with the farmer
in inducing him to wage effective war against the vermin than a score of
bulletins describing the insects and suggesting remedies. In this Colony
we are now striving to prove a connection between our worst sheep and
goat disease and ticks ; and if we succeed, as now seems probable, we
anticipate an immense “boom” in tick destruction, and consequent
improvement in stock of all ‘kinds.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25

NOTES ON SPECIES OF THE TETTIGIAN GROUP OF
ORTHOPTERA.

BY J. L. HANCOCK, CHICAGO.

; An interesting addition to Orthopteran distribution in the West
Indies is the finding by Mr. R. J. Crew of the species Neotettix quadri-
undulatus, Redtenbacher, on the Island on Haiti.

Eight specimens, kindly presented to me, were taken around Port au
Prince. and, as Mr. Crew informs me, were ‘‘swept from plants along the
banks of a small stream.” _I[ have identified this species, which was first
described by Brunner and Redtenbacher, 1892, from the Island of. St.
Vincent, West Indies, in ‘‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
London,” and an excellent figure is to be found on Plate xvi., fig. 10.
Here it is recorded as a Tettix, but subsequent study has shown its closer
approximation to Neotettix, Hancock. Species of the Jatter genus occur
on the mainland of the southern United States and Mexico. ‘The above
species was recorded ‘‘numerous” on the Island of St. Vincent. Mr.
H. H. Smith found it at Chateaubelais, also at the south end of the
island, near the sea, under decaying leaves. Brunner, 1893, again records
this species from the Island of Grenada, at Mount Gay Estate, Caliveny
Estate, Balthazar, in “ Orthoptera of the Island of Grenada,” Proceedings
Zoological Society of London.

From a series of Tettigidz kindly furnished me from Mexico by Mr.
O. W. Barrett, I am able to describe two new species of the genus
Tettigidea, Scudder :

Tettigidea jalapa, sp. nov.

Rather large. Eyes prominent. Above fusco-ferruginous, dark fuscous
over entire face and the sides, the last few segments at the end of the
abdomen pale, legs pale throughout, the maxillary palpi a little depressed
apically and very light, below the edges of prominent points and abdom-
inal rings light. Body long, granulate. Vertex a little wider or sub-
equally broad with an eye; nearly flat, hardly advanced in front of the
eyes, widening posteriorly, the front border very little convexed, passing
latterly into small rounded and somewhat elevated carine ending
abruptly near the anterior inner border of the eye; on either side and
just behind are the very smal] lobes situated about the middle inner
margin of the eyes in small sunken fosse ; mid-carina rather thin,
extending backwards only as far as the ending of the lateral carine, but
very little elevated, in front insensibly coalescing with the frontal costa ;

26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in profile the apex obtusely rounded angulate, the frontal costa depresso-
convexed in front of the eyes and advanced in front of the eyes about
one-fourth their width ; below the face is moderately declined ; as seen
in front the frontal costa is strongly sulcate, the branches commencing
near the apex in front are gradually divergent to the middle ocellus, where
they are more than usually separated, Eyes very prominent and globose.
Antenne very slender, reddish, inserted a little above and in front of the
anterior inferior border of the eyes. Pronotum anteriorly angulate, the
sides substraight, posteriorly long and subulate; the apex acute, passing
the posterior femora ; dorsum smoothly granulate, with no longitudinal
wrinkles, or scarcely a vestige of vein-like arrangement of the granules
between the shoulders ; median carina distinctly elevated, nearly straight
or gradually arched a little higher between and a little in front of the
shoulders ; humeral angles very obtuse, surface of dorsum between them
tectiform ; the anterior carinz are curved, becoming a little divergent
posteriorly ; the borders of the posterior angle of the lateral lobe nearly
form a right angle, acute at the apex ; the posterior margin is straight and
vertical. The elytra are nearly smooth externally, with a short thick
oblique pale line very near the apex. Femora normal, the anterior and
middle femora somewhat slender ; the posterior femora rather broad, the
first article of the posterior tarsus equals the third in length; the pulvillj
subrounded below, the third is little the longest.

Length: body, ¢,12 mm., pronotum 13 mm., post. fem. 7 mm. The
wings extend beyond the apical process of the pronotum one millimetre.
Locality: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 400q ft. elevation. June,
1898. QO. W. Barrett.
Tettigidea chichimeca austradts, form. nov.

Body rather small, fuscous, above ferruginous obscurely clouded with
fuscous ; face below the eyes light, spreading laterally over the lower
portion of lateral lobes, pale underneath the abdomen; femora light
obscurely clouded ; tibia a little more distinctly striped with fuscous.
Vertex scarcely narrower than an eye, obtusely angulate in front, a little
produced in front of the eyes, the front margin formed of little latera}
carine directed obliquely backwards and ending near the anterior inner
angle of the eye, where the eye is a little conically elevated, feebly sulcate
on each side longitudinally, the little lobes not very distinct, middle
carinated, posteriorly extending only as far as the lateral carinz, anteriorly
coalescing with the shining frontal costa; in profile the vertex is obtusely

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27

rounded, advanced in front of the eyes about one-third their breadth, the
frontal costa convexed, the distance between the anterior margin of the
frontal costa and that of the eyes widening considerably below ;_ the face
below imperceptibly continued and quite declined ; the apex is strongly
_obtusely rounded. As seen in front, the frontal costa is sulcate rather
deeply, commencing near the apex, the branches are from here to the
middle ocellus sub-parallel, and not divergent as in ja/afa. Pronotum
with the dorsum anteriorly obtusely angulate, the sides a little convexed,
posteriorly subulate acute, passing the hind femora; dorsum granulate,
with an indistinct longitudinal wrinkle on either side running parallel
with the humeral angles, otherwise scarcely rugose ; median carina
distinctly elevated, gradually but slightly arched between the shoulders,
sloping to the front margin ; anterior lateral carina near the front sub-
straight and subdivergent posteriorly ; humeral angles strongly sloping
laterally, as seen in front obtuse, between the shoulders convexed, the
median carina clouded with fuscous. Elytra almost smooth, dark
externally, marked with a minute light oblique line near the apex. Wings
extended beyond the apex of pronotum. Femora with the carine
unchanged, the posterior femora quite large, the first and third articles of
the posterior tarsi about equal in length, all the pulvilli of equal length.

Length: body,¢,9 mm., pronotum 9.5 mm., post. fem. 5.5 mm.
Wings extending about one millimetre beyond the process of pronotum,
making the total length 11 millimetres.

Locality : Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico. May, 1898. O. W. Barrett.

This species is so closely related to Tettigidea chichimeca, Sauss.,
that I place it as a dimorphic form.

A NEW POPULAR NAME FOR CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA.

For many years this insect has been popularly known as “‘ the forest
tent-caterpillar.” During the past two or three years it has attracted
much attention in New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, from its
ravages in maple forests, city or village maple shade trees, and in many
orchards. In orchards it has often worked with its near relative, the
apple tent-caterpillar (C/isiocampa americana). Every one who critically
observes the habits of these two species of caterpillars soon discovers that
“the forest tent-caterpillar” is a very misleading name for C/istocampa
disstria, because its caterpillars never make a tent, while the apple
tent-caterpillars always do. Several who have seriously discussed these
insects recently have felt the necessity of a new popular name for
Clisiocampa disstria. Professor C. M. Weed, of New Hampshire, when
writing his recent excellent bulletin on the pest, asked me to suggest some

28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

change in the name. But after considering such names as “ the forest
caterpillar,” ‘the forest Clisiocampa,” ‘‘the spotted forest caterpillar,”
“the maple Clisiocampa,” I was unable to suggest any good substitute
for the old name. Recently, however, while again cogitating on the
subject, the name of “forest tent/ess caterpillar” suddenly appeared on
the horizon of my thoughts. It seemed hardly the thing at first, but the
more I thought of it the more appropriate it seemed. I brought the name
before the Entomological Club, the Jugate, here at Cornell University,
and all agreed it was a very aptand easy way to solve the problem. The
name of ‘‘forest tentless caterpillar’ retains all of the ‘told associations ;”
it is not a radical nor a difficult change to become accustomed to, and it
expresses the characteristic difference between the habits of the cater-
pillar and those of the apple tent-caterpillar. I would therefore here
propose that C/istocampa disstria be properly known as the forest tentless
caterpillar. Are there any serious objections to this name, or has anyone
a better one to suggest ? M. V. SLINGERLAND, Ithaca, N. Y.

MELANOPLUS DIFFERENTIALIS IN NEW JERSEY AND
PENNSYLVANIA.

Professor J. B. Smith, of New Brunswick, N. J., first reported this
grasshopper in this section, as occurring in cranberry bogs in New Jersey.
In 1896 specimens were taken by Mr. W. H. Wensel, of Philadelphia, in
Southern Philadelphia (‘‘the Neck”) ; by Mr. S. T. Kemp, of Elizabeth,
N. J., at Camden, N. J.; and by Mr. C. Fen: Seiss, of Philadelphia, on
August 26th, the latter on a window-sill in the centre of the city. Mr.
Seiss has in his collection four specimens taken in 1897, on August 2nd,
September 11th (two specimens), and November 6th—all from Phila-
delphia. The writer secured five specimens on September 5th and rith
at League Island and Philadelphia Neck, Philadelphia Co., Penn. ‘They
were collected on the large leaves of weeds, except one taken on a
cement walk. In the same year specimens were taken at Riverton, Bur-
lington Co., and Westville, Gloucester Co., N. J., by Mr. H. L. Vitenck.
In 1898 they first appeared mature about August tst, in the streets, on
lots, and even in the iron manufacturing sections of the city, where there is
absolutely no vegetation. Their number was greatly increased, and they
appeared to be firmly established. The year 1899 presented this species
as arather common grasshopper from August to October, with all the
territory surrounding this city occupied by it. The range of this species
this far east (Smith’s record) was doubted by Scudder (Rev. Melan., p.
353), but he adds ina foot-note that he later noticed specimens in the
collection cf the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia from
Camden Co., N. J. The range of this species to the north or south of
this section I do not know, but I think it has come east to stay, as it
seems to take possession of everything and thrive in its new location.

James A. G. ReHN, Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia.

Mailed January 17th, 1900.

aie oma

Vou. XXXIL LON DON, FEBRUARY, Tg00. No. 2
c ONTED NTS.

Pergande --New plant-louse on violets....... 29 Dyar—North American Yponomeutida...... 37

Banks—On two genera of Mites,............ 30 | Baker—Four new species of Platymetopius.. 4

Coquillett — New genera and species of | Webster and Mally—The Purslane Saw-fly.. 51
RRSERUMARIE Eee ate Salat alate = Saree’ *)6 «(5 2, > ='n: == 33 Howard—Popular name for Clisiocampa

ltarnes—New species and varieties of Lepi- ISSELIAR ore ecic Koes onal s omaeeced 54
RRER SPR Mie ei ciaes o) che cin ita a,2)+ >. ols inin esse 42 | Johnson—The destructive green-pea louse... 56

}

A NEW SPECIES OF PLANT-LOUSE INJURIOUS TO VIOLETS.
BY THEODORE PERGANDE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Among several species of insects which oe lately come to the
notice of the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agricul-
_ture, through their ravages upon greenhouse violets, is a little species of
plant-louse known to florists as the black or brown aphis. ‘The species is
now very generaily distributed in the United States and occurs in Canada,
although it was not known until within five or six years from the time of
writing. As it appears to be undescribed, I propose the specific name
viole, and have placed it in the genus Rhopalosiphum, to which it
appears to belong. The following description is submitted, pending a
more detailed account of the injuries and a consideration of remedies
which it is expected will shortly be published by the Department of
Agriculture.

Rhopalosiphum viola, n. sp.

Apterous females dark cherry-brown and polished, the larvae and
pupz generally somewhat paler. Eyes dark brown, third joint of antennz
more or less distinctly of a paler colour than the body, the remaining
joints black. Legs purplish, the femora darkest towards the end and the
apex of the tibize and the tarsi black. Nectaries purplish. Head and
thorax of the pupz generally paler than the rest of the body.

Winged females also dark cherry-brown or purplish-brown, the
antenne, thoracic lobes, terminal two-thirds or more of femora, apex of
tibiz and tarsi black ; rest of the legs of a dull yellowish colour, with a
tinge of purple. Nectaries and tail dusky. Wings clear, the veins strong
and black and conspicuously shaded ; stigma black; stigmal vein short

30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and strongly curved. Antenne of all, very long and slender, reaching
considerably beyond the end of the body ; joint six with its spur is much
longer than the third, joints four and five are subequal in length, and
each of them somewhat longer than the third ; there are numerous sen-
sorial tubercles on joint three and a few on joint four, while all of them
are sharply serrate. ‘The first joint is very much the stoutest, and bulging
out strongly about the middle at the inner side ; frontal tubercles promi- ~
nent and gibbous at the inner apical angle. Legs long and slender.
Nectaries clavate, reaching to the tip of the abdomen. Tail short and
inconspicuous. - Length of winged and apterous females about 1.6 mm.
expanse of wings about 5 mm. :

Type No. 4,467, U. S. National Museum. Many specimens. Type
locality, Washington, D. C.

This is a singularly handsome species, which in the peculiarly short
and strongly curved stigmal vein and strongly shaded venation reminds
one of Callipterus; while the gibbous frontal tubercles recall those of
some species of Myzus. ‘There is also a,queer tendency of losing one or
both branches of the third discoidal vein, the stigmal and sometimes one
or both of the veins of the hind wings. In one of the wings of one
specimen the second and third discoidals arise from the same spot, while
these two veins of the other wing arise from a common petiole.

These plant-lice are very numerous at the crown of violet plants; pre-
venting the young leaves from unfolding or checking their development.
Many are also fcund in the petioles and on the under side of the leaves.

ON. TWO. GENERA “OF “MITES.
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST END, VA.

In 1871, Thorell pubtished his description of Riagidia in a paper
entitled, ‘‘Om Arachnider fran Spetsbergen och Beeren-Eiland.” He
placed it in the family Lufodide, from the other genera of which it
differed principally in the great size of the mandibles. - In 1876, Cam-
bridge, in his paper “‘ On a new Order and some new Genera of Arach-
nida from Kerguelen’s Land,’’ described Pect/ophysis as the type of a
new family and a new order. He was unaware of Thorell’s mite, yet
there is but one prominent difference between them, Pect/ophysis is said
to have eyes on the frontal tubercle. Neither of these authors gave any
reference to any species of Koch’s genus Scyphius, to which their forms
bear a great resemblance, Koch described about a dozen species of this

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31

genus, many of which are doubtless only forms of one species. In the
modern European literature, nothing is done with Koch’s species of
this genus, save by Oudemans (1897), who identifies four of the Kochian
names. Oudemans, however, appears to be ignorant of the fact that
‘there were several other names for this genus besides Scyphzus, for he
thinks, since Scyf/zus is preoccupied, that the genus must have a new
name. /

However, in 1886 it received two names, Vorneria from Canestrini
and Scyphoides from Berlese. The former has the priority, and is used
by Berlese in his “ Acari Italiani.” Canestrini pleaded the impossibility
of identifying Koch’s species, and described both of the Italian forms as
new, in which he has been followed by Berlese. Neither of the Italian
authors appear to be aware of either Rhagidia or Pecilophysis, else they
would have mentioned the similarity between these forms ; and Berlese
omits these genera from his list, which professes to be complete for the
world. ‘There is not, however, any doubt that Rhagidia is generically
the same as Scyphius, and Rhagidia has priority over all the other names
proposed to replace Scyphius (which is preoccupied). Pecilophysis, in
spite of its alleged eyes, is not, in my opinion, distinct from Rhagidia.
The Scyphoides of Karpelles (1891) is evidently a different genus, but
somewhat allied to Rhagidia.

Rhagidia is thus a world-wide genus, known by the large mandibles
and its resemblance to Sodfugide, a fact noticed by both Thorell and
Cambridge. ‘The genus will stand as follows :

RuacipiA, Thorell, 1871.

Scyphius, Koch (preoccupied).
Pectlophysis, Cambridge, 1876.
Norneria, Canestrini, 1886.
Scyphoides, Berlese, 1886.

It is impossible to tell how many of Koch’s names represent good
species ; however, omitting these, there are the following species in the
genus :

Rhagidia gelida, Thorell—Behring Island, Nova Zembla, Siberia.

kerguelensis, Cambr. (Pcecilophysis) Kerguelen.
“gigas, Canestr. (Norneria)—Italy.
‘“ clavifrons, Canestr. (Norneria)—Italy.
“ hamata, Kr. and Neum. (Scyphius)—-Japan.
“Japonica, Kr. and Neum. (Scyphius)—Japan.
“pallida, Banks—United States.

KK KX KKK * *

bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In the Ann. Entom. Soc., France, for 1864, Lucas described, on’

page 206, a curious mite from Algeria and Tunis. He called it Rhyn-
cholophus (2) plumipes, It differed from the ordinary species of this
genus in a number of minor characters, but was chiefly remarkable in
having on the hind tarsi a dense plume of long hair. Frauenfeld, in the
Zool-bot. Ges. Wien., XVIII., p. 892. records having received specimens
from Spain and Corfu, which he considers this species. He does not
give any description of his forms, so it is not possible to tell whether
they were the same species or not. Then, Haller, in his paper—Beit.
zur Keuntniss der schweizerischen Milbenfauna—gave a figure and
description of a mite, which he considered Lucas’s species, from speci-
mens collected in Switzerland. There are, however, numerous differ-
ences between his form and that described by Lucas, so there is no
doubt that the Swiss species is new. In 1893, Birula, in Hore Soc.
Entom. Ross, p. 388, under the heading of ‘““Rhyncholophus (Macropus)
plumifer,’ describes an allied mite. He gives no reference to Lucas,
and probably did not know of &. plumipes. The subgeneric name,
Macropus, is not mentioned in the text of the article. His species came
from Russian Armenia. C. F. George, in Science Gossip, Vol. III., p.
150 (1896), records X. p/umipes from the Isle of Jersey ; it is not certain
that it is the species of Lucas. Now, in 1897, Cambridge, in the. Proc.
Zool. Soc., London, p. 939, gives the description and figure of a new
genus and species of mite from Algeria—Zatonia scopulifera. He refers
to Birula’s paper, but not to that of Lucas or Haller. A glance at his
figures and description shows that it is the same as Rhyncholophus plum-
ipes, Without the shadow of a doubt.

Now the question arises, ‘‘ What is the name of this mite?” All
of these mites have the same peculiar structure of the hind tarsi, and
undoubtedly form a natural group of generic rank. The first name
proposed, AZacropus, by Birula (which is not mentioned by Cambridge)
has been used severai times in Zoology, and so is not available. Aatonia
has been used at least twice before, and also becomes inapplicable. It
is therefore necessary to create a new name for the genus. I propose
Lucastella.

As to the species, Cambridge’s species is the same as that of Lucas.
Haller’s form is not the same, and may be called Z. Had/erz. Birula’s
species is a good one, so that there are at least three species of this
genus in the Mediterranean region, which-may be tabulated as below :

—_—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33

1. Body granulate ; rostrum with a long spine; palpi tapering, straight ;

ist jot of leg iv. not swollen: ©... .....+..».....L. plumipes.
Seeemmnesceales oF flattened hairsii. vise. )s ae ae sie e kelne

2. Frontal tubercle with short spines ; last joint of leg iv. swol-

2

re eo goes rds RMON Tee Her od. w lag rate th eNesw ce hg PLM MRE ER
Frontal tubercle with very long spines; last joint of leg iv. not
ORME nts cae'= Firs i's v. 9 nies ste Maia etelahd olSte «4! scar elon LARLLORE.

LuCASIELLA, Banks.
Rhyncholophus, Lucas (in part), 1864.
Mucropus, Birula (preoccupied), 1893.
Eatonia, Cambridge (preoccupied), 1897.
L. plumipes, Lucas, 1864—Algeria, Tunis, Corfu, Spain, Isle of Jersey.
Latonia scopulifera, Cambr., 1897.
L. plumifer, Birula, 1893—Russian Armenia.
L. Halleri, Banks, 1899—Switzerland.
R. plumipes, Haller (nec Lucas).

NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF EPHYDRID/.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Psilopa flavida, n. sp. 3 .—Yellow, polished, the third joint of
antennze, except the lower side, dark brown ; hairs and macrocheete black,
a vitta reaching from humerus to insertion of wing, and another on
middle of pleura, black ; abdomen, except first segment and middle of the
second, black, with a strong violaceous tinge; knob of halteres greenish
yellow ; wings grayish hyaline, unmarked ; two pairs of dorso-central
mocrochete ; length 2.5 mm. New Bedford, Mass. A single specimen
collected by Dr. Garry de N. Hough. Type No. 4292, U. S. Nat.
Museum.

Psilopa varipes, n. sp. 2 .—Black, polished, the third antennal joint
brown, its base yellow, knob of halteres white, middle and hind tibiz
and their tarsi yellow, apices of the tarsi brown; head, thorax and
scutellum tinged with green, the mesonotum and scutellum slightly
scabrous, less polished than the head and pleura, only one pair of dorso-
centrals ; wings hyaline, the hind crossvein distinctly clouded with brown ;
length 2 mm. Vancouver Isd., Brit. Columbia. Three specimens
collected by Mr. C. Livingston. Type No. 4293, U.S. Nat. Museum.

Psilopa similis, nv. sp. & 9.—Black, the third antennal joint
brownish, knob of halteres white; all coxe, femora, middle and hind

34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

tibie and their tarsi, yellow; head and pleura highly polished, the
abdomen less so, mesonotum and scutellum subopaque, slightly scabrous,
thinly gray, pruinose, one pair of dorso-centrals ; wings hyaline, both
cross veins clouded with brown, broad apex of wing also brown ; length
2mm. Biscayne Bay, Fla. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), and Opelousas, La.
(Mr. G. R. Pilate). Five specimens. Those from the last named |
locality are in the collection of Dr. Garry de N. Hough, to whom I am
indebted for the privilege of examining these and other specimens
belonging to this family. Type No. 4294, U.S. Nat. Museum.

Hyadina albovenosa, 0. sp. @.—Black, the under portion of the
third antennal joint, palpi, and tarsi except the last joint, yellow, the
halteres whitish ; face, cheeks and lower part of occiput opaque gray
pruinose, remainder of occiput slightly polished, front highly polished,
mesonotum and scutellum slightly less so, one pair of dorso-centrals,
pleura thinly whitish pruinose, abdomen opaque brownish pruinose, the
broad lateral margins and the fifth segment highly polished, genitalia
light gray ; wings grayish hyaline, the cross veins distinctly clouded with
white. Length 1 mm. Tifton, Ga. (Oct., 1896), and’ Opelousas, La.
(March, 1897). Three specimens coliected by Mr. G. R. Pilate. Type
No. 4295, U. S. Nat. Museum.

Gastrops nebulosus,n. sp. ¢ 9.—Black, the antennez, excépt the
upper edge and sometimes broad apex of the third joint, apex of
proboscis, stem of halteres, and tarsi, except the last joint, yellow ; tibize
reddish-brown ; head, thorax and scutellum polished, sparsely covered
with brownish pruinose spots, one pair of dorso-centrals; abdomen
lustrous, tinged with bronze, coarsely punctured ; wings hyaline, mottled
with light and dark brown, a dark brown cloud on the cross veins, one
below apex of the first vein, another midway between apices of first and
second veins, one at apex of second vein covering a stump of a vein that
projects into the submarginal cell from the second vein a short distance
before its apex ; apices of third and fourth veins bordered with brown,
that on the third extending more than half way to apex of second vein,
where it is considerably expanded ; a faint brown cloud in the outer
fourth of the first posterior cell, and one near centre of the second
posterior cell; length 2 to 3 mm. N.C. and Tifton, Ga. (Oct.—Nov.,
1896). Nine specimens; those from Ga. were collected by Mr. G. R.
Pilate, and are in Dr. Hough’s collection. Type No. 4296, U. S. Nat.
Museum. -

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35

Nostima, n. gen. Hydrellinee.--Second joint of antennz destitute
of bristles, arista with long pectinations on the upper side; two pairs of
vertical bristles, a strong pair of ocellars, situated between the two upper
ocelli, three pairs of extremely small fronto-orbitals forming a row along
each eye ; face strongly projecting forward below, in profile slightly con-
cave to the lowest seventh, then strongly retreating to the oral margin,
three bristles near each lower corner of the face; eyes densely pubescent.
Thorax bearing two pairs of dorso-centrals, no bristly hairs between
them, only afew on any portion of the thorax ; two notopleural and a
small sternopleural macrochztie, two pairs on the scutellum, Abdomen
composed of five segments, of which the second is as long as the three
following taken together, the latter subequal in length. Legs destitute of
long bristles. Venation normal, the costa is continued to the tip of the
fourth vein, apex of second vein slightly nearer tip of the third than to
the first, last two sections of fourth vein subequal in length. Type, the
following species :

Nostima Slosson@, n. sp. ¢.—Black, opaque, the legs polished,
the under side of the third antennal joint, the tarsi except the last joint,
and a band near the middle of each hind tibia, yellow ; face gray
pruinose, a small brown spot near the centre, front blackish brown, an
ocellar dot, the upper corners and narrow orbits, gray ; mesonotum gray
pruinose, marked with five dark brown vitte, pleura black, a gray streak
near the middle of the front part, and another on the upper edge of the
sternopleura ; scutellum black, the front corners gray, metanotum and
abdomen black, a pair of gray spots on the third, fourth and fifth seg-
ments ; wings dark brown, the costal cell and the marginal cell adjoining
it almost wholly white, a white spot covering a stump of a vein nearly
midway between apices of first and second veins, a similar spot before,

and another at the apex of the second vein, one near the apex of the sub-
marginal cell, another in the first posterior cell slightly more remote from
its apex than the above, one on the fourth vein opposite the one in the
first posterior cell, one near the apex of the discal cell, and one on the
opposite side of the fifth vein ; a white spot on the small cross vein, one
at each end of the hind cross vein, a nearly triangular spot in extreme
apex of the first posterior cell, and a large one at the first third of this
cell, a narrow one on the opposite side of the third vein, a whitish streak
near base of discal cell, and another near centre of the third posterior
cell; length nearly 1 mm. Biscayne Bay, Florida. A single specimen
collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson, to whom this handsome species is
respectfully dedicated. Type No. 4297, U.S, Nat. Museum,

36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Faratissa, vu. gen. Notiphiline.—Second joint of antennz covered
with very short, stout bristles, and with a longer one, directed forward, at
the upper angle of the inner side, arista with long pectinations on the
upper side ; two pairs of vertical bristles, an ocellar pair situated slightly
lower than the two upper ocelli; a second pair placed a little lower than
the lowest ocellus, also a third pair nearly midway between these and the
lower edge of the front, the three pairs directed forward ; four pairs of —
fronto orbitals, placed in a row along each eye, the upper pair the
smallest, the two upper pairs directed outward, the others forward ; face
slightly projecting forward at the oral margin, in profile gently concave,
bearing two macrochete near each lower corner, several stout bristles
along the lateral oral margin, cheeks scarcely one-seventh as broad as
height of eyes. Thorax bearing two pairs of dorso-centrals, one intra-alar,

three supra-alar, one presutural, one humeral, two notopleural, two
mesopleural and one sternopleural macrochete ; short, bristly hairs of
mesonotum numerous and arranged in quite regular rows, two of which are
between the dorso-centrals ; scutellum covered with short, bristly hairs
and bearing three pairs of macrochetze, the intermediate pair less than
half as long as the anterior pair. Abdomen composed of five segments
in the male, six in the female. Tibi destitute of long bristles. Venation
normal, costa reaching apex of fourth vein, apex of second vein slightly
beyond middle between first and third veins, penultimate section of
fourth vein two-thirds as long as the last section. Type Drosophila
pollinosa, Williston, from St. Vincent, West Indies; three specimens
were taken by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, at Biscayne Bay, Florida.

Ephydra austrina, n. sp. g 9.—Front in the middle polished
bronze green, very thinly brownish pruinose, sparsely covered with short
bristly hairs and with a pair of stout macrochete a short distance above
the antennz ; an oval depression below the lowest ocellus, sides of front
opaque brown pruinose, the narrow orbits gray, two fronto-orbitals each
side ; face near the upper edge green, polished, thinly grayish pruinose,
remainder of face opaque brownish gray pruinose, the macrochete fring-
ing the anterior oral margin fewand rather short ; antennz black, the third
joint destitute of a long lateral hair; proboscis grayish black, the apex
yellowish, palpi brown ; body green, mesonotum polished, thinly brown
pruinose, five pairs of dorso-centrals, pleura greenish gray pruinose, a
brown spot near the centre ; abdomen subopaque, thinly gray pruinose ;
second, third and fourth segments in the male subequal in length, each
slightly shorter than ‘the fifth ; femora green, tibie greenish brown, all
thinly gray pruinose, knees yellowish, tarsi brown, not enlarged in either
sex ; wings hyaline ; halteres yellow ; length 4 to 5.5 mm. Georgiana,
Florida. Nine specimens, collected by Mr. William Wittfeld, Type
No. 4299, U. S. Nat. Museum,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN YPONOMEUTID“.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Family YPONOMEUTID&.
; Spnopsis of North American Genera.
Hind wings with veins 3 and 4 stalked or united.
Hind wings with vein 4 present.
Veins 6 and 7 separate.
Antenne of male thickened with scales toward
bases 422 :,.. .. Yep eee see Pads 2's EV @LSIN GAIN
Antenne of male not thickened with scales.
Second joint of palpi tufted.............. Choreutis.
Second joint not tufted, but rough scaled.
Hind wings elongate ovate or narrow ob-

LONG: .:.'. qe eee etre ann eG paiorer pa

Hind wings short ovate or trigonate. .. Szmethis.

Poms Gand \4<stalked ¢ sc iiaseewrcmsnos opie sateen «PL COSCO MI:
Pind wings with-vein 4 absent:. 1.20.92. ac! .. 3... « ¥ponomeuta.

Hind wings with veins 3 and 4 separate, rarely connate.
Palpi not tufted, smooth, upturned.
Hind wings with the cross-vein of cell strongly angled. . Wveza.
Hind wings with the cross-vein straight.
Palpi reaching above the middle of the front...... Affeva.
Palpi not reaching the middle of the front. . Z7cchostibas.
Palpi with the second joint tufted below or porrect and hairy.
Third joint smooth, sharp pointed, distinct.
Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings stalked.
Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings stalked.

Apex of fore wings pointed.......... Cerostoma.
Apex of fore wings falcate..... Lericlymenobius.
Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings separate...... Zrachoma.

Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings separate.
Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings separate........Plutel/a.
Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings stalked............ Fido.

Third joint concealed in hair or porrect, not smooth.

Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings stalked...........Euceratia.

Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings separate.
Fore wings with rr veins...............Fterolonche.

Fore wings with 12 veins,

38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Veins 9 and 10 stalked........... .Calantica.
Veins g and 10 separate. }
Basal joint of palpi short.........Ar@olepia.
Basal joint of palpilong........? Thelethia.

Subfamily YPONOMEUTIN#.
Genus YPONOMEUTA, Latr.
Latr., Gen. Crust. Ins., IV., 222, 1796; Ayponomeuta, = et auct.
Synopsis of Species.
Hind oe above and all wings below shaded with dark
gray.. EAs RTT ORS. 1 via). e Re ae

Wings white on both sides. Foner era or bimaculella.

Y. multipunctedla, ag: , Pr. Acad: Nat. Sci. Phil,, 8, ee Chamb.
Bull. U. S. Geog. Surv., IV., 151, 1878 (refs.); Riley, Smith’s List. Lep.
Bor. Am., No. 5156; cee Gaumer, Obs. Nat.; Chamb. Bull. IV.,
151, 1878; ¢ ordinatelius, Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., XXVIII., 530, 1863.

A specimen of this species in the Nat. Museum has pinned on it a
printed slip, cut from a journal, which reads as follows: ‘On the 25th
of May, I obtained from the Wakarusa bottom a large number of very
small larve that were feeding upon the Waahoo,. Auonymus atropur-
pureus. These caterpillars were so small when fully grown that they
escaped through the wire-topped cage and made their cocoons in the
corners of the room, and, ten days later, they hatched and were captured
as they flew in the windows. This is the moth which I have named the
Waahoo moth, Hyfonomeuta wakarusa.” Across the face of the slip is
written “G. F. Gaumer.” '

I have nine males, no females, of mu/tipunctedla.

Y. orbimaculella, Chamb.,-Can. Ent., V., 12, 1873; orbinaculella,

Riley, Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Am., No. 5157, 1891 ; ewxonymel/a, Chamb.,
Can. Ent., IV., 42, 1872; evonymella, Chamb., Bull. U.S. Geog. Surv.,
150, 1878; Qordinatellus, Walk. ;
This differs from the preceding only in lacking the gray shading. I
have seven females, no males, of ordimaculed/a. Both forms, bred from
Euonymus americanus, Dept. Agriculture, No. 3406, will doubtless prove
to be sexes of one species as determined by Walker.

[Note.—VY. apicipunctedia, Chamb., and Y. Zelleriella, Chamb., are
referable to Psecadia in the CEcophoride ; V. guinguepunctel/a, Chamb.,
to Prodoxus in the Tineidz. |’

“7

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ou

Genus Mieza, Walk.
Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., II., 527, 1854 ; Enemia, Zell., Verhl.
Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXII., 562, 1872 ; XXV., 345, 1875.

Synopsis of Species.
Head white on the vertex.
Fore wings white on basal two-thirds of inner margin, with distinct,

round, dark brown spots.... .. RISGLED. ate ate 3s SL CP DEMS:

Fore wings thickly and uniformly spenled with oe streaks, the
seund dots small‘and obscures 4 8. 46-1 ss ..psammitis.
MOM OME VGUIER cca. os so Sey Series eel 2 « PENNE.

M. subfervens, Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., IL., Bue cee Zell. Verh.
Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXII., 563, 1872 ; Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc., II., 152,
1874.

M. psammitis, ‘Zell., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXII., 562, 1872.

M. igninix, Walk., Cat. Brit, Mus.7 iy 527; Biel ; Grote, Bull. Buff.
Soc., II., 152, 1874; crassinervella, Zell., Weiks Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien.,
XXII., 563, 1872; Packard, Amer. Nat., IV., 229, 1870, pl. 2, fig. 1 (as
Eustixia pupula) ; Slosson, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1V., 86, 1896 ; Dyar,
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV., 87, 1896.

Genus ArrEva, Walk.

Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., II., 526, 1854 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1897, 112 (full refs. and synon.).

A. aurea, Fitch, 3rd. Rept. Ins. N. Y., 168, 1856 ; Pack., Proc. Ent.
Soc. Phil., III., 106, 1864; Stretch, Zyg. Bomb.-N. A., 159, 1872 ; compta,
Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 251, 1862; Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc.
Phil., IV., 319, 1865 ; V., 231, 1865 ; Riley, rst Rept. Ins. Mo., 151, 1868 ;
Zell., Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXXII., 178, 1871 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soé. Lond.,
1897, I12.

The larva feeds on Adlanthus.

Lord Walsingham refers punctel/la, aurea and gemmata to one
species, but they certainly seem distinct.

A. gemmata, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc., L., 93, 1873; Wals., Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond,, 1897, 113 ; foridana, Neum., Can. Ent., XXIII., 123, 1891 ;
Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., V., 48, 1897.

_ The larva feeds on Simaruba.
Genus TricHostipas, Zell.

Zell., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1863, 150; Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross., XIII., 227
1877 ; Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1897, 114.

+0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I. calligera, Zell., Hor. Ent. Soc. Ross., XIII., 231, 1877 ; Wals.,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, 533, 547 ; 1897, 115 ; parvula, Hy. Edw.,
Pap. I., 80, 1881 ; Smith’s List, Lep. Bor. Am., No. 958, 1891 ; Kirby,
Cat. Lep. Het., I., 86, 1892; Dyar, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.; VI., 41, 1898.

Not uncommon in southern Fiorida. The Nat. Museum has some
25 of the cocoons, which closely resemble Lord Walsingham’s description
of Z. fumosa, Zell. (Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1897, 114), except that it is
not kidney-shaped, but regularly elliptical. The meshes are nearly square,
and the stem by which it is suspended runs along the side of the cocoon
and projects a little way beyond. The open neck at the posterior end,
about the use of which Lord Walsingham seems to have been in doubt,
obviously serves as a place to eject the larval cast skin, which has
disappeared in all the specimens before me. I found the cocoons on the
trunk of a large tree at Miami, Florida. Other specimens are labelled
** on fence,” Green Cove Springs, Fla. (R. S. Turner) ; ‘‘ on Persea; sp:,”
Cocoanut Grove. Fla. (E. A. Schwarz); Jacksonville, Fla. (W. H.
Ashmead). 2

Subfamily PLUTELLIN2.

This includes Calantica, Zell.; Euceratia, Wals.; Areolepia, Wals.;
Periclymenobius, Wall.; Trachoma, Wall.; Pterolonche, Zell.; Cerostoma,
Latr.; Plutella, Schr. Eido, Chamb., seems also to fall here, though J have
no specimens.

These genera stand correctly listed in Smith’s list, except that
dubtosella, Beut. (No. 5198), should be transferred to Plutella, and is,
indeed, scarcely to be distinguished from the less strongly marked
specimens of P. cruciferarum, which are in the collection, bred from
turnip. This latter species should be known as P. maculipennis, Curt.
(see Wals. and Durr., Ent. Mo. Mag., XXXIII, 173, 1897, for full
references).

The following species may be added:

Cerostoma Koebelella, n. sp.

Maxillary palpi filiform, labial long, second joint strongly tufted
below, third smooth, sharp pointed. On fore wings veins 7 and 8 stalked ;
on hind wings 3 and 4 approximate, but separate, 6 and 7 long stalked.
Head and thorax dark gray ; fore wings purplish gray on the half towards
inner margin, sprinkled with little irregular clusters of brown-black scales ;
costal half paler, likewise irrorate with darker scales, a luteous band from
the middle of the cell to apex, ill-defined-and diffuse, irrorate with brown

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4]

scales. It is of even width, covering veins 7 and 8; beyond the cell are
also two faint luteous streaks over veins 5 and 6. Secondaries and abdo-
men shining gray. Expanse 18 mm., one male, Placer Co., Cal., Sept.,
* through C. V. Riley,” U.S. Nat. Museum, type No. 4422.
Synopsis of Species of Cerostoma.
Fore wing luteous, this colour predominating.
Smooth, reddish luteous, not irrorate............sublucella, Wals.
Wings irrorate with darker lines and spots.
A dark streak from apex to cell ; two black blotches on inner
margin, the wing otherwise scarcely strigose. ...cerve//a, Wals.
No apical streak ; fore wing strigose-reticulate, some of the
strige on internal margin often forming heavy
RRS te nis os os ox af Se eR fans, s ee SELES PLOCLLE "WV ANS:
Fore wing gray, the luteous not predominating.
A series of three black dashes below the cell and a spot at the

SU ek ov, 0) 2 RE es oer LLLP I Gs DEMt.
No longitudinal black dashes.
A luteous streak from cell to apex............Koebeletia, Dyar.
Nosuch streak, at most a luteous ray from the base toward outer
SBRAM OAL ei ss es « ae epee oe «Sere RO LGLCLLE, LOOM)

Subfamily GLYPHIPTERYGIN®
Genus SETIOSTOMA, Zell.
Zell., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., XXV., 324, 1875.
S. xanthobasis, Zell., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, XXV., 325, 1875.
S. Fernaldella, Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I., 155, 1889.
Genus WALSINGHAMIA, Riley.
Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I, 157, 1889.
W. diva, Riley, Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I., 158, 18809.
Genus Simaruis, Leach.
Leach, in Sam. Comp., 254, 1819 ; Brenthia, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phil., 1860, 172.
S. vicarilis, Zell., Verh., Zool.-Bot. Ges., Wien., XXV., 322, 1875.
S. pavonacella, Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., XII., 172, 1860 ; Wals.,
Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1897, 120 (references).
Lord Walsingham recognizes the genus Brenthia for this species, but
it seems to me to fall in Simzethis. The other species of Brenthia fall in

Choreutis.
(To be continued. )

42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF NORTH AMERICAN
LEPIDOPTERA.

BY WILLIAM BARNES, M. D., DECATUR, ILLINOIS.

Melitea Chalcedon, ab. Jusimacula. Seirarctia Clio, var. Jessica, N. var.

Melitea Chalcedon, ab. Mariana. Orgyta Oslart, n. sp.

Melitewa Senrabii, n. sp. ' _Eulimacodes Telligit, n. sp.

Thecla Mirabelle, n. sp. Coloradia Doris, n. sp. .

Pyrgus Polingii, n. sp. Tolype Glenwoodit, n. sp.
Pseudalypia Geronimo, 0. sp. Gloveria Arizonensts, Pack., male.

Melitea Chalcedon, ab. fusimacula.— Variations of Chalcedon are
very common, but the ones I now describe are so striking that they are
certainly worthy of a varietal name, especially as they do not seem to be
so very uncommon. In the first of these, to which I have given the name
fusimacuda, there is a tendency to obliteration of the spots on discs of
both wings, and to a fusion of the three outer rows of spots in a
horizontal direction. The ground colour of the upper surface is of the
same rich black as Chalcedon. There is a complete absence of the spots
in the cells of both fore and hind wings in males, and there are but faint
traces of them in the females. On the fore wings the fusion takes place
as follows: The two outer rows unite to form a yellow band, which is
joined at about its middle by a yellow demi-band from the costa, which is
composed of the fusion of the two inner rows. The infra-cellular spot on
the fore wings is either absent or fused with the large spot outside of it,
thus forming a large quadrangular patch on the middle of the hind mar-
gin. On the hind wings there is more or less complete fusion of the outer
three rows of spots, resulting in a broad yellow band across the wing
composed of large quadrangular spots three-eighths of an inch long lying
between the nervules. There are faint traces of a marginal row of red
spots. On the under side the fusion is even more marked. There is
almost complete obliteration of the mesial row of red spots on the hind
wings. The red markings on the inner third of the hind wings are about
the same as in Chalcedon, but the yellow spots have almost or quite dis-
appeared, being replaced by black. Types: three males and two females
from California.

Melitea Chalcedon, ab. Mariana.—Upper surface black on both
wings, the only markings being, on the fore wings the marginal row of
red spots, and in one specimen two faint red spots in cell, and on the hind
wings a series of minute yellow spots, representing the mesial row. All

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

the other spots have disappeared, though in one specimen a few can be
discerned through the black. On the under surface the yellow markings
have been entirely replaced by black, the red remaining intact. In one
specimen the yellow spots can be traced through the black, but in the
other there is no sign of them to be seen. The only traces of yellow are
a few scales along the veins of the hind wings, a few more at the apex of
the fore wings and the spots on the fringes. ‘Types: two males. Cali-
fornia.

Melitea Senrabii, n. sp.—Male, upper surface black, with light brick-
red markings as follows : Indications of a marginal row of spots as shown
by two or three at inner angle of fore wings. In one specimen there are
also faint traces of spots on the secondaries. A submarginal row follow-
ing outer edge of both wings, seven on fore and eight on hind wings, large
end distinct. A third row nearly obsolete. The three spots at costal
end, yellowish white. Two narrow bars in cell and four or five small
irregular spots below and to inner side of them, on the primaries. On inner
half of hind wings, two short transverse bars from costal edge with a round
spot below and between them. ‘Traces of one or two other spots. Under
surface of primaries has a marginal band of red divided by black veins.
Within this is a row of white spots, fading out at inner angle, heavily
margined by black internally, and lightly externally. The third row is
composed of large red spots corresponding to the prominent row on the
upper surface. A demi-band from costa joins this at its middle. The
spots on the demi-band are four or five in number and of a yellowish
tinge. The remainder of the wing is red, and has four black bands from
costa; the inner extending across wing, the outer three only half way.
Hind wings have a marginal, a basal and a double mesial row of white
spots margined with black. ‘There is also a white spot in disc, margined
with black. The rest of the wing is red. Thorax and abdomen, black
above, whitish beneath. Antenne black with light rings at joints. Ex-
panse, male, seven-eighths inch. Types: two males. Corpus Christi,
Texas.

Thecla Mirabelle, n. sp.—Compared to Autolycus, Edw., to which it
is closely allied, and of which it may prove a variety, the apex of fore
wings is more acute and the inner angle more retracted, and the discal
mark is broader. The fulvous patch is not so sharply defined and more
rounded. ‘The anal angle of the hind wings is much more acute and the
outer margin not so rounded. There is almost no trace of the tooth

44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

marking the position of the upper tail. The fulvous patch extends inward
towards the base of the wing instead of following the outer margin, and
merges gradually into the ground colour of the wing, which is not so dark
as in Autolycus, being more of a yellowish brown. Under side more of a
light yellowish brown than fawn colour. The marginal row of crescents is
wanting, and the discal macular row of spots is very indistinct. The
black spots at anal angle faint. Fulvous lunules obsolete, except one in
third space from anal angle and a few scales in the fourth space. Blue
patch in third space, though faint. Types: one male from Utah and
one female with California label, for the accuracy of which, however, I
cannot vouch, as I received it froma dealer. Iam inclined to regard this
as a desert form of Autolycus, but until its position can be settled by
more material, it may be regarded as distinct.

Pyrgus Polingtt, n. sp,—Expanse, one inch. Upper surface brown-
ish black. Fringes fuscous. | Marked with small while dots as follows :
Three subapical, close together in a row from costa, the middle one
minute, one in cell, three in a longitudinal row beiow cell, the middle one
largest, separated about one-sixteenth of an inch from inner margin, one
faint, one close to inner margin a little beyond middle. On secondaries
is a mesial-curved row of three or four parallel to margin. Under surface
disc of primaries blackish brown, costa and outer fourth considerably
lighter, more of a yellowish brown, inner margin grayish. Inner two-
thirds of secondaries dark brown, outer third yellowish brown. Spots on
under surface as above, only larger, and an additional spot in cell on
secondaries. Head, thorax and abdomen blackish brown above, fuscous
beneath. Antenne blackish above, joints narrowly yellowish white, tip
yellowish brown, beneath tip and base of club brownish, medium portion
yellowish, shaft brown ringed with yellow. Types: four males, four
females. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. July.

Pseudalypia Geronimo, n. sp.—Upper surface black with a slight
brownish reflection which is more marked on secondaries. Fringes a
shade lighter. Secondaries without markings. Two large quadrangular
light yellow spots on primaries, forming a band across wing from costal
edge at junction of middle and outer thirds to inner angle. To the inner
side of the costal spot is a narrow band of bluish metallic scales. With
a lens the brownish lustre to the wings is shown to be due to a sprinkling
of bronze metallic scales over the black ground colour. In one specimen
there are a few yellowish scalés in the region of the discal dot, and a few

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

bluish scales along some of the veins. Probably in fresher specimens
these would be more marked. Under surface lacks the bluish markings,
otherwise as above. Head, thorax, and abdomen black above and below,
showing, however, with lens some metallic effects. Legs black; but
hairs on inner aspect, especially on posterior pair, orange. Palpi dark
above, fuscous beneath. Tongue vellow. Antenne black, tending to
fuscous at tip and on under side. Eyes show bright metallic, brassy
shades. There is a tuft of bright orange hairs at base of primaries on
under side. Expanse, one and one-half inches. Types: four males and
one female. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. July and August.

Seirarctia Clio, var. Jessica, . var.—Differs from type form in
having hind wings almost or entirely black. In the males the suffusion
of the hind wings with black is complete, while in the females it is only
partially so, there remaining small patches of the white, especially along
outer margin and costa. The veins of fore wings are also much more
heavily lined with black. There is a well-marked black edging to the
inner, outer and costal margins of fore wings of the males as well as the
outer margin of secondaries of both sexes. In one female the outer
margin of primaries also has the black edging. The under surface of
primaries in the males is almost entirely suffused with black, while the
secondaries as on the upper surface are entirely so. In the females this
suffusion is much less marked. I have only seen this variety from
Glenwood Springs, Colorado. The typical Clio I have from Salida and
Durango, Colorado, and Nogales, Arizona.

Oreyia Oslari, n. sp.—Male expanse, one and one-sixteenth inches.
Fore wings light yellowish brown. The ground colour is, however,
largely covered over with a darker brown shade. Basal line black,
distinct. T.a. line curved evenly outward from costa to middle of wing,
then inward to inner margin where it approaches close to t. p. line,
black, distinct ; outer margin a little undulate, inner accompanied by a
blackish shade, which quite fills the concavity of the curve at the costal
end. ‘TT. p. line crenulate, black, distinct ; beginning at costa, it extends
downward and outward in a straight line to the third nervule, opposite
reniform spot, where, forming an obtuse angle, it proceeds in a gentle
curve around the cell and then inward to inner margin. It is accom-
panied by a blackish shade on the inner side of costal half. The limba!
space is obscured in its outer or marginal half by a brownish shade, and
has three small intervenular black dashes opposite cell. There is also a

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

black blotch on costa, just above the angle of the t. p. line, and a white
spot above inner angle. The costa of the limbal region is darker than

elsewhere. Reniform concolorous, surrounded by ring of blackish scales.

Orbicular obscured by the shade accompanying t. a. line. Hind wings

blackish brown, same as the darker shades of fore wings. Fringes con-

colorous. Under surface of both wings have a marginal band about
one-eighth of an inch wide, of a light yellowish brown. The remainder of:
wings to the base of a dark blackish brown.. Antenne and thorax light

brown. Abdomen a little darker. Types: one male. Poncha Springs,

Colorado. July sth.

Eulimacodes Telligti, n. sp.—Fore wings marked. by a conspicuous
triangular silver patch. The base of this is about one-sixteenth of an
inch above the inner margin and extends with a very slight downward
tendency from the middle of the base of wing-to above the inner angle.
The silver here gradually fades out, but the continuation of the line in a
broad, easy curve to the apex is marked by some blackish scales. The
upper edge of the patch ascends steeply, from the middle of base of wing
to near costal margin at its inner fourth, thence rounding off the apex of
the triangle it descends in a rather steep curve and joins the base line
above the inner angle. The wing above the silver-mark, and its continu-
ation, is of a rich golden brown, smooth and glistening, a little darker
on disc and next to the silver patch. The rest of the wing below and to
the outer side of the mark, together with the whole of the secondaries, is
ofa dull brown, a couple of shades lighter than the fore wings. Fringes,
thorax and abdomen concolorous with hind wings. Under surface of
both wings of a uniform light brown of same shade as secondaries
above. Type: one female. Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. July 2oth.

Coloradia Doris, n. sp.—Male expanse, two and one-fourth inches.
Compared to Pandora, the wings are much less heavily scaled, the hind
wings being quite translucent. The markings of primaries are much
fainter and there is much less of the white shading.. The t. a. line
presents quite an even outward curve not approaching the discal spot.
In Pandora this line is very prominently toothed and in some of the
specimens one of the teeth extends to and is more or less completely
fused with the spot. ‘T. p. line evenly dentate, closer to margin of wing
than in Pandora. S. t. line very faintly indicated. Hind wings trans-
lucent, almost no trace of the median and submarginal bands. Inner
margin covered with long pinkish hairs as in Pandora. Fringes of both

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47

wings black. The white spots at ends of veins faint. Discal spots
oblong instead of round ; not so prominent as in Pandora. — Under side
very thinly scaled. Markings as above, only very faint.

Female expanse, two and five-eighths inches. Dull, smoky brown,
dusted with white between t. p. and t. a. lines on primaries, otherwise
very uniform over both wings. Lines as in male, but still fainter. Under
side same colour, somewhat pinkish at bases of wings. ‘T. p. line very
faintly indicated ; otherwise, except the discal spots, there are no markings.
Types: two males, one female, in my collection from Salida and
Glenwood Springs, Colorado.

Tolype Glenwoodii, n. sp.—That there are two species confused
under the name of Distincta, French, I have been convinced for a long
time. On showing them to Prof. French recently, when he was
visiting me, he was very positive as regards their distinctness. Prof.
Dyar, to whom I sent a pair of each for an opinion, regards them as mere
varieties, on the grounds that he finds no constant marks of distinction
between them. I have before me a series of eight pairs of Distincta and
eight males and two females of Glenwoodii, and while constant differences
in maculation of the two are rather hard to describe, yet there are
points which seem to me to prove their distinctness beyond a doubt.
Glenwoodii is a much broader-winged insect, by measurement the fore
wings of the female being one-sixteenth of an inch broader than the
females of Distincta. The thorax is apparently much larger. This is
partially at least due to the greater development. of the hairy vestiture. In
the two females before me the abdomen does not protrude beyond the
wings, while in all the female Distinctas it does to the extent of from one-
eight to one-fourth inch. The whole insect is heavier and more robust,
shorter, broader winged, while Distincta is slighter and more trimly built,
with rather long, narrow wings. In colour the Distinctas are all
decidedly gray, in only two females does there seem to be a tendency to
white on the thorax. The Glenwoodiis are all of a very light gray,
almost pure white on the thorax. The hind wings are quite distinct in
the two species. In the new one they present a well-marked, banded
appearance, the bands being distinct and quite sharply defined. The
marginal band is light and narrow. ‘lhe submarginal quite dark and
broad. ‘The mesial band is of about the same width, and light. Within
this the wing is dark, but lightens somewhat towards base. In Distincta
these bands merge gradually into each other, there being much less

45 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

contrast in the two shades. The general effect is blurred and indistinct.
On the fore wings, while there are no marked differences in the transverse
lines, yet in Distincta they seem narrower, neater, and give a more trim,
clear cut appearance to the wings. The two teeth in the middle of the
marginal white line are much more distinct in the old species, they being
scarcely discernible in some of the specimens of the new. The t. a. line
in Distincta proceeds directly to costa, while in the new species it turns
inward just below costa and joins it at an acute angle. In other respects
the maculation is practically the same. The examples on which the
above comparative description is based were taken at Glenwood Springs,
Colorado, in August, September, and October. Types in my collection,
and also in National Museum.

Gloverta Arizonensis, Pack. Male.—Females of this species are

quite common, coming freely to light. The male, however, has never
been described, and so far as I know the two before me are the only ones
ever taken. They differ so much from the females that I have made the
following description of them: Expanse, two and three-fourths inches,
thus being considerably smaller than the females, which average three
and one-half inches. Maculation brighter and more distinct than in
female ; the contrasting light and dark blackish gray shades bringing out
the transverse lines in strong relief. Basal space light gray, central
portion obscured by a dark shade. Median space mostly dark, only the
costa and infra-cellular parts being somewhat lighter. T. p. line ac¢om-
panied by an outer shade, slightly separated from it by a light gray band.
The remainder of the subterminal space is the lightest portion of the
wing and is thinly scaled and quite translucent. Terminal space even
‘dark gray, sharply defined by the prominent s. t. line and strongly
contrasting with the subterminal space. Discal dot white, distinct.
Hind wings ochraceous, costal and outer margins obscured by dusky
shade. Veins of both wings dark gray. Fringe of hind wings fuscous, of
fore wings concolorous. Head and abdomen ochraceous. ‘Thorax dark
gray anteriorly, shading into ochraceous posteriorly. Antenne dark
brown. Beneath; hind wings as above. Fore wings, cellular region and
along costa to apex, as well as terminal area, dark ; the rest of the wing
light semi-translucent. Types: two specimens from Glenwood Springs,
Colorado ; taken in July and August.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF PLATYMETOPIUS.

BY C. F. BAKER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

Platymetopius ornatus, 0. sp.

Length, ¢, 5.25 mm., of which the head occupies 1 mm.; width
across base of elytra a little more than 1 mm. Vertex rather strongly
obtusely angulate ; width between eyes three-fourths the length at middle,
which is more than twice length at eyes; the disc is evenly slightly
convex. Face, viewed from the side, straight. Pronotal width two anda
half times the length ; the length little more than three-eights that of
vertex. Pronotum about as broad as head, the anterior margin an even
curve.

Colour pale yellowish ; below brighter and unicolorous, except for a
few dark arcs on summit of front. Vertex with a double dark spot at
tip and three abbreviated dark transverse bands crossing the median
line at equal intervals back of it. Pronotum with two abbreviated
transverse lines anteriorly, and several irregular dark markings laterally.
Scutel with the transverse impressed line black and having each end
connected with the base by a black band. Elytra smoky, back of the
transverse veins with many small white spots, and three larger ones on
the costa in the vicinity of the recurved costal nervures ; membrane clear
smoky. Valve not exserted, plates small, broad at base, suddenly
narrowed beyond middle into slender acute points.

Described from one male in the National Museum ; taken at Horace,
Kansas, July 28, 1891.

Platymetopius Oregonensis, 0. sp.

Length, ¢,5 mm. Head rather short and distinctly narrower than
pronotum. Vertex rather acutely angulate ; width between eyes two-
thirds the length at middle, which is about twice the length at eyes ; disc
broadly subsulcate medially. Face, viewed from side, nearly straight,
very slightly concave above. Width of pronotum two and one-third times
the length, the latter five-sevenths that of vertex ; the anterior margin of
pronotum recurved behind eyes.

Colour ferruginous, paler below, where there are no dark markings
except a few faint arcs on summit of front. Vertex with a small light
dash at apex ; its disc, together with the pronotum and elytra, minutely
irrorate. Elytra with a few small round white or hyaline spots scattered
over the surface ; partially transparent along costa and around apex ; one
or more of the inner apical veins dark. Valve very large and bluntly

a0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

triangular. Plates twice the length of valve, tapering to narrow points,
the sides incurved at middle.

Described from two males, one collected at Ashland, Ore.,. the other
at Portland, Ore., both during September, 1897, by Prof. A. P. Morse.
Near acutus, but the vertex is shorter, the pronotum without light vittz,
the elytra with fewer white spots, and colour beneath much lighter.

Platymetopius tenuifrons, n. sp. :

Length, 2, 5.5 mm. Head long, unusually narrowed beyond the
eyes, and distinctly narrower than pronotum. Vertex strongly produced,
suddenly narrowed beyond eyes, point blunt ; width between eyes about
half length at middle ; disc broadly medially sulcate. .Face, viewed from
side, strongly concave above. Pronotal width two and one-fourth times
the length, the latter less than two-thirds that of the vertex. Anterior
margin of pronotum recurved behind eyes.

Colour ferruginous, thickly and very finely irrorate throughout,
including the face, which is darkened towards its summit. Point of
vertex with a black dot on either side of tip. Scutel with a faint
white longitudinal line on either side. Elytra with one or two
stmnall round white spots in each of the cells back of apical ; the apical
veins and about twelve recurved nervures darkened. Valve large, broadly
rounded behind. Plates short, about as long as valve, and rapidly
narrowed to acute points,

Described from one male in the Herbert H. Smith collection, taken
at Chapada, Brazil,in May. Resembles fuscifrons in the deeply coloured
face, but is much larger and with a far longer vertex, besides differing
otherwise.

Platymetopius latus, n. sp.

Length, ?, 5 mm. Vertex very long, as long as twice the width
between eyes, the median sulcus becoming very broad towards tip.

Colour clear pale ferruginous, below with the entire face paler. Sulcus
on vertex darkened by fine longitudinal vermiculations. Pronotum, scutel
and. most of elytra unicolorous, without markings of any. sort, except a
few fine brown dots in internal apicai cells of elytra, and about eight
small recurved brown dashes along costa. Legs entirely without mark-
ings. T.ast ventral segment twice length of preceding, the hind margin
rather narrowly, but evenly, rounded.

Described trom a single female collected by myself in the foothills
near Fort Collins, Colorado. This species is nearest acutus, but has a
much longer vertex, entirely lacks any markings on pronotum or disc of
elytra, and has the elytra mare widely flaring at the sides than in that
species. 4

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51

THE PURSLANE SAW-FLY--SCHIZOCERUS ZABRISKEI,
Asuo., MS.*
BY F. M. WEBSTER AND C. W. MALLY, WOOSTER, OHIO.

Just when this species first became abundant in Ohio we are unable
to say, but it was not until June, 1898, that we began a study of its
habits. The insect is quite generally distributed in Ohio, as we have
observed it at Alliance, Wooster, Tiffin, Fremont, and Clyde, and _ per-
haps over the eastern and western parts of the United States, as it is
found at Washington, D. C., where Dr. Chittenden is making a careful
study of it, and Mr. Mally observed it in abundance in the summer of
1899, at Des Moines, lowa.

We have been informed that the species has been described by Mr.
Ashmead in a paper to be published “ shortly.” :

Here at Wooster, not a plant could be found that was not infested,
including all plants in the greenhouse, by July 1, 1898. It is quite
effective in checking the purslane, in many places the plants not develop-
ing seed, due to the destruction of the leaves,

The eggs are deposited in the edge of the ieaves, deposition usually
being completed in ten to fifteen seconds. In no case was a female
observed to deposit on the flat surface of the leaf, or on the stem. As
soon as hatched the larve begin to feed on the leaf, and ultimately mine
out the greater part of the pulpy substance, but never eat through the
surface until driven to do so from lack of food, when they emerge and
make their way to a fresh leaf, immediately enter and continue their
mining habit, apparently not feeding on the surface at all, except as they
cut their way into the leaf. In numerous instances, where the obtainable
leaves had all been exhausted, the larve bored downward in the stems of
the plant. The larvz do not drop readily from the surface of the plant,
and, when handled with forceps or needle, they exude a clear viscid sub-
stance which holds them in place.

When fully developed, the larvee enter the ground to the depth of
one-half to one inch and form a silken cocoon, to which bits of soil
adhere quite firmly, and there transform. ‘The pupa stage lasts only
about seven days, when the adults emerge, a few males in advance, soon
after which the sexes pair and oviposit.

In nine cases out of ten distinct experiments in the insectary, in
rearing the adults, the time of the larva entering the soil, and the

* Read before the Ohio Academy of Science, December 22, 1899.

5P THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

emergence of the adult, was within a few hours of seven days, and in the
other case the time was a few hours over eight days. An observation
by Mr. Mally on the actual time passed in the pupa shows that a larva
descending into the ground at 5:00 ». m. had formed the cocoon by 5:00
p. m. the next day, and was stili in the larval state the second day. ‘The
exact length of time required in the different stages has not been
determined, but the entire cycle is complete in about three weeks, thus
making probably six generations in a year. ;
During the summer of 1899, commencing June 6, a series of breed-
ing experiments was carried on, out of doors, with plants grown in
breeding cages, upon which each generation was colonized. During
May purslane plants were transplanted from the insecfary to the garden,
with a view of thus attracting the earliest appearing adults. On June 5
larvee were noticed in abundance, not only in these trap plants, but also
in larger plants growing promiscuously in favored spots, one very
small individual being observed in an adjoining garden ona very young
plant, these larve clearly representing the earliest generation of the sea-
son. ‘The trap plants were covered immediately with a breeding cage,
and on June 15 a number of adults, all females, were observed in the
cage. Nine of these females were transferred to cage No. 2, upon plants
that had been brought from the insectary, and in which no larve were
working. Two males and two additional females were captured inthe
field, and also placed in this cage, which then contained in all eleven
females and two males. Qne of these females was observed to oviposit
in the leaves. On June 22 the very young larve were first observed
beginning to feed in the leaves. July 5 the first adult, a female, was
observed, evidently having just emerged. It is an interesting fact that
though this female was just drying her wings, several males were
observed hovering about the cage in vain effort to effect an entrance.
July 7 three females and ten males from the cage were placed in cage
No. 3, provided with plants obtained from the same source as the preced-
ing. July 14 quite a number of larvz were observed in this cage work-
ing in the leaves. July 28 adults were observed. On the zgth three
females and six males were placed in cage No. 4. August 16 two males
were observed in this cage. As these males marked the generation,
three females and one male were taken from cage No. 3 and placed in
cage No. 5. On September 5 one female was observed in this cage, and
determines the fifth generation, but up to September 15 it had been im-

»
)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Oe

possible to secure males outside, as not an individual of either sex could
be found. But on September 18 a number of larvie, varying in size from
very small ones to those fairly well developed, were observed in plants in
the near vicinity. These plants were transferred to a breeding cage.
The larvee disappeared, and, as they could not escape from the cage,
they must have either entered the ground or perished from lack of food,

Fic. 3:

as might have been the case with the younger, on account of severe frost
and freeze September 26, which killed the plants.

~ On September 30, 1898, quite an extensive search was made for
-adult sawflies, but none could be found. Found numerous larve, vary-
ing from real young to full-grown individuals. Numerous adult parasites

were found also. The frost killed the plants about this time, thus clos-

ing the breeding season.

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In the light of these two records it may be said that the exact num-
ber of broods for any given year may depend on the date of occurrence
of the earliest killing frosts.

The sudden and almost total disappearance of this species during
the latter part of August and first of September was undoubtedly mainly
due to the immense numbers of a parasitic species, which Mr. Ashmead
has determined as belonging to the genus /chneutes, and probably new
to science. of ae

An interesting observation was made in connection with a large
breeding cage out of doors, for the purpose of breeding parasites. ‘The
adult sawflies began emerging in great numbers, and, to our surprise,
were found almost swarming on the outside of the cage. Our first im-
pression was that the cage was imperfect at some point, and that they
were making their escape, but such was not the case. On examination
we found that the specimens on the outside were all males, evidently
attracted by the females in the cage. There were no purslane plants to
amount to anything within two or three rods of the cage, but at a
distance of five or six rods, in two directions, were garden patches well
stocked with purslane and larve, furnishing an abundance of sawflies.

During the summer of 1898 a female, with-a male antenna, was
found in one of the breeding cages. A notice on this, written by Mr.
Mally, appears in the seventh annual report of the Ohio State Academy
of Science, pp. 34 and 35, illustrated by the accompanying figure (Fig. 1).
The oviposition is shown in Fig. 2, place of eggs in leaf ; and Fig. 3, egg
in position.

A POPULAR NAME FOR CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA.

Str,—I am much interested in Mr. Slingerland’s note on the new

popular name for C/rstocampa disstria in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
for January. I once wrote an editorial for “‘ Insect Life” on popular
names (Vol. VII., pp. 363, 364), in which I gave utterance to a certain
distaste for ‘‘ book names” and to a preference for the popular name
which grows up among the people. Such names are rarely specifically
distinctive, but they are usually catchy, frequently phonetic, and more or
less descriptive.

[ am not sure that we have any legitimate popular name for the

forest tent caterpillar, he one just mentioned is obviously a book name

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20

derived from the popular name of its nearest relative, the orchard tent
caterpillar, but it is misleading, as Mr. Slingerland points out, since the
larva of Clistocampa disstria does not make a tent. It is interesting to
know that the sympathetic and altogether united organization known as
the ‘‘Jugate ” has not falsified its name in this instance, but has joined
with Mr. Slingerland in concluding that the “forest tent/ess caterpillar ”

would be an appropriate name for this species.

Since Mr. Slingerland invites suggestions, it occurs to the writer that
there are so many hundreds of other forest caterpillars which are tentless
that the name lacks the specific quality which is desirable. In answer to
his question, “ Has anyone a better name to suggest?” I might propose
“the tin-horn caterpillar,” or ‘the brass-band caterpillar,” referring to
the startling discoveries which were made in south-western New York last
summer, and which, the writer is informed, Mr. Slingerland intends to
investigate next season. Alternatively, the name ‘‘ the railroad-train
obstructor,” or “the slippery-when-smashed caterpillar,” might be sug-
gested, since this is the species which is at the bottom of all the
newspaper stories of railway trains being stopped by caterpillars. Or,
since the damage of the last few years is said to have seriously reduced
the crop of maple sugar, the insect might be called “the maple-sugar

adulteration-promoter.”

Seriously, however, why would not ‘forest army worm,” or “ the
army worm of the forest,” be quite the most appropriate and distinctive

name which could be suggested ?
L. O. Howarp, Washington, D. C.

Mr. C. W. MAL.ty, M. Sc., assistant to Professor F. M. Webster in
the Entomological Department of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment
Station, has been appointed Assistant Government Entomologist of Cape
Colony, South Africa, and has left for his distant sphere of labour. Mr.
Chas. P, Lounsbury, who also went from the United States a few years

ago, is in charge of the Entomological Department at Cape Town.

a6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

‘THE DESTRUCTIVE GREEN-PEA LOUSE.
BY WILLIS G. JOHNSON, COLLEGE PARK, MD.

Perhaps never in the history of economic entomology has’ an unde-
scribed species of insect appeared so suddenly and over such a wide area,
and in such destructive numbers, as the “destructive green-pea louse,”
the popular name I have given the insect herein described. It has
occurred, during the past season, in Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North
Carolina, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York (Long Island), Connecti-
cut, Vermont, Maine, Ohio, and Canada (Ottawa).

Fic. 4.—Nectarophora destructor, winged form, A typical representation. (Original.)

It belongs to the family Aphididz, and the familiar and extensively-
used genus Siphonophora. Unfortunately, however, Koch overlooked
the fact that Siphonophora, as a generic term, was already appropriated
for the Myriapoda before he made use of it in his Aphidide ; it is also
used to denote an order of the oceanic Hydrozoa. In accordance with
modern practice, therefore, it is fitting that we should drop the name
Siphonophora and recognize some other. In his synopsis of the
Aphididz of Minnesota, O. W. Oestlund proposes the name Nectarophora
to take the place of Siphonophora. I see no reason why it should not
stand, and place the species described below under that generic name.

bated i

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Fic. 5.—Nectarophora destructor, apterois form. (Original.)

Fic. 6.—Nectarophora destructor and its principal enemy, Adlograpta obligua ;

My

a, pupa on leaf; 4,

adult; c, larva; d, larva feeding; ¢, Bassus letorins (female). Hair lines represent

natural size. (Original )

a8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Nectarophora destructor, vu. sp.—The general colour of both winged
and wingless individuals is green ; conforming so closely to that of the
pea plant itself, we might, perhaps, better call it pea-green. The colour,
however, varies slightly with the age of the insects ; the young when first
born are lighter, still bordering the greenish shade of the adult; old or
spent females are lighter, some having a greenish-yellow tinge. In many

instances individuals in a colony will be seen of a yellowish or creamy

tinge. Such individuals are usually affected with a fungous disease. ‘The
variation in colour may, therefore, in many instances be attributed to some
abnormal condition.

The general form of the body in both winged and. wingless specimens
is elongate and fusiform, the latter being slightly the larger, The average
length of the body in both forms is about 4.50 mm. Eyes are red and
prominent ; colour showing conspicuously in specimens mounted in
Canada balsam. Antennz lighter than body; tubercle prominent;
joints darker than rest of segment; seventh joint quite filiform and
fuscous. Legs long and conspicuous; tarsi, distal ends of tibia and
femora fuscous. Honey-tubes fuscous at ‘tips, otherwise concolorous
with body.

Winged Female.—Colour pea-green. Fore wing about 5 mm. from
tip to base and about 2 mm. wide at broadest part ; entire wing expanse
about 11 mm. Length of body, including style, generally 4 to 5 mm.;
some cases where the female is distended with young the length is 6 mm.
Width of body varies from 1 to 1.50 mm., depending on condition of
specimen. Antenne long and slender, reaching to or slightly beyond
the tip of the style; first and second joints short and closely joined to
tubercle ; other joints vary slightly ; the following measurements represent
the general average of a long series : III. 1.50 mm., IV. 1.00 mm., V. 0.75
mm., VI. 0.50 mm., VII. 1.50 mm. Wings transparent, veins slender,
typically represented in Fig. 4. Honey-tubes long, slender and
cylindrical, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen,.in some cases
to the tip of the style ; they are usually about one-fifth the length of the
body, varying from 1.00 mm. to 1.50 mm, Style conspicuous, about half
the length of honey-tubes.

Apterous Female.—As a rule, slightly larger than the winged female.
Colour pea-green. Body slightly more elongate and fusiform than
winged specimens ; length varying from 4 to 6 mm.; width varying from
1to 2 mm. Antenne reaching beyond the tip of the style ; length of

_—

y

on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

joints varying considerably. Honey-tubes same general shape as in
winged specimen, but longer, extending beyond the tip of the style ;
length varying from 1.25 mm. to 2mm. Style longer and more nearly
conical than in winged individuals. Typical form of apterous female is
shown in Fig. s.

Described from many living and dead viviparous females of both
forms from Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut, Ohio, and Ottawa, Can-
ada. Found on green field pea, sweet peas, and kept for a time on
clover. ‘Types in formalin and alcohol deposited in the U. S. National
Museum.

Geueral Notes.—I have given this insect much study during the
past season, and still have a colony under observation (Jan. 29, rgoo) in
my laboratory. There is no cessation of the reproduction of young. As
yet we have not been able to obtain eggs of the species, although several
hundred mature apterous females were collected just before our coldest
weather late in December and placed in tubes. We also made field
observations late in December, and while we had no difficulty in finding
the insects close to the ground on the under side of the leaves of volun-
teer peas, we are still in doubt as to how it passes the winter. I am of
the opinion that, under favorable conditions, the female will continue to
reproduce young throughout the winter. That the species will survive
severe freezing and reproduce later was conclusively tested in our labora-
tory. A colony upon a bunch of peas in water were frozen late in
December so that there was ice half an inch thick in the cup. A week
later, when heat was again turned on the building, the insects became
active and commenced reproduction a few days later.

Thomas reports a similar case. He observed the wheat-plant louse
(Nectarophora avene) breeding in mid-winter, and took specimens from
wheat while the snow was on the ground.

There is aiso a probability that the late apterous females deposit
eggs. Mr. W. H. Ashmead tells me he has frequently seen the eggs of
an allied species, which is abundant on tulip trees about Washington.
The eggs are usually deposited about the base of the leaf buds.

In my breeding experiments and field observations, I have been
struck with the seeming absence of hymenopterous parasites upon this
insect. Such a condition is quite uncommon where there is such an
abundance of plant lice, for, as a rule, they abound. I have bred but a
single hymenopterous parasite, Bassus /etorius (? ), Fab., shown in Fig.

60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

6 at ¢, and this is supposed to be parasitic upon the Syrphus larve. In
Canada, Dr. James Fletcher informs me he has bred Praon cerasaphis
and Aphidius Fletcheri, a new species recently described by Ashmead ;
while in Delaware, Professor E. Dwight Sanderson has bred another
species of the genus Aphidins, namely, 4A. Washingtonensis, from the
destructive green-pea louse.

In my field observations I have found the predaceous insects very
important factors in the destruction of this plantlouse. I have observed
four groups of insects at work upon them: First, and most important,
the Syrphus flies; second, lady beetles; third, lace-winged flies ; and
fourth, soldier beetles. ¥.

Of the Syrphus flies, we bred Allograpta obligua, Say; Syrphus
Americanus, Weid., and Spherophoria cylindrica, Say. The first named
was by far the most abundant and important species. On a farm where
600 acres were planted in peas, and where the plant louse totally
destroyed 48o acres, the larvee of A. ob/igua so completely destroyed the
plant lice by the second week in June* that hardly a specimen could be
found. In the language of the proprietor, who owns a large cannery, he
says: “ The last few days I packed, the separator sieved out about 25
bushels of green worms, which no doubt proves they destroyed the plant -
lice.” These ‘‘ green worms” were the larve of 4. ob//qua, illustrated in
Fig. 6. The other two species were not so abundant.

Of the lady beetles the most important were Coccinella Q-notata,
Hippodamia convergens, Megilla maculata and Coccinella sanguined.

The larve of Chrysopa oculata, Say, were also abundant upon the
infested vines. I observed the soldier beetle, Podabrus rugulosus, Lec.,
feeding voraciously upon the plant lice.

From what I have seen of the ravages produced by the destructive
green-pea louse, and our inability to combat it on a large scale, I consider
it one of the most important pests on the already long list of noxious
insects. Whether it will appear again next year over the same general
territory on the field pea remains to be seen ; but I am of the opinion it
will not be as destructive as the season just past. ‘he superabundance
of Syrphus flies and lady beetles over certain areas will certainly have a
balancing effect in nature.

Mailed February 9th, 1900,

PLATE 2.

CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXII.

Kig. 2.

Fig.

Fig. 3.

| Che €anadiay Entomologist.

VoL. XXXII. LONDON, MARCH, 1900. No. 3
CONTENTS:

Moffat—Hydreecia stramentosa............. 61 | McNeill—Orchelimum ....................- 77
Tinsley —Contributions to Coccidology...... 64 | Dyar—North American Yponomeutida ..... {
Caudell—A new species of Sinea............ 67 Fyles—Observations on Bombyx cunea, etc.. 87
Grote—Popular name for C, disstria........ 68 | Butler—Note on Cyaniris pseudargiolus..... gI
Needham—Nymphs of northern Odonata . . 69 | Cockerell -New oak-gallfrom New Mexico. 91
Martin—A study of Hydrometra lineata..... 70 Dodge—Pyrameis Huntera, n. var. Fulvia...

HYDREECIA STRAMENTOSA, GUEN.

Plate 2, Fig. 5, nearly twice natural size.—I here copy in full -the
description of the species, as given by Dr. J. B. Smith in his. recent
revision of the genus Hydreecia, in the Transactions of the American
Entomological Society, Vol. 26, May, 1899. Also his remarks on and
about this interesting species.

“ Hydracia Stramentosa, Gn.—1852—Gn., Spec. Gen. Noct. 1,
129, pl. 6, F. 2. Mydrecia.

“Ground colour a rather dull luteous, with a dash of olivaceous.
Collar with a narrow brown line above the middle, the tip distinctly
smoky, as are also the tips of the thoracic tuftings. Edges of the
patagiz marked with smoky brown, which is particularly well marked at
tip. Sometimes the entire thorax is darker, and in such cases the con-
trasts between the ground colour and the markings just described are not
great. The abdominal tuftings at the base are also dark. The primaries
have a reddish shade over the costal region extending to the tip. “The
outer portion of the median space is distinctly darker, olivaceous, ‘and
stands out quite evidently from the rest of the wing. The basal line is
geminate, fairly well marked on the costa, then broken and only marked
as a spot below that point. ‘T. a. line geminate, the inner line scarcely.
traceable below the cell : as a whole it is nearly upright, but is inwardly
curved through the cell and has a very feebie outcurve below that point:
T. p. line very even, rather abruptly bent on the costa, a little outcurved
over the reniform, and then evenly oblique inwardly to the inner margins.
S. t. line irregular, brownish or smoky, marked by a preceding shade in

o>
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the costal region, and beyond that by dusky scales arranged quite regu-

larly. There is an even line at the base of the fringes, which are dusky

at tip and have a reddish shade toward the base. ‘The median shade

line is well marked on the costa and is blackish to the median vein ;

below that point it is olive-green and hardly darker than the shading of
the outer part of the median space. In the costal region, between the

outer part of the basal line and inner portion of the t. a. line, there is a °
blackish shading, and a similar, though much less marked, shading

extends from the inception of the t. a. to the median shade line. The

ordinary spots are well marked; the claviform is slightly soiled, oliva-

ceous in colour. Orbicular almost upright, irregularly oval, of the

ground colour or a little paler, outlined in olivaceous. Reniform up-

right, oblong, the angles pointed, hardiy constricted in the centre. It is

of the ground colour, or may have a slightly reddish tinge. Secondaries

pale yellowish, without obvious markings. Beneath yellowish, both

wings with a smoky outer line, which, in the specimens before me, does

not extend across the wing. Expanse 4,68-1.72 1n.; 42-43 mm.

‘« Hab.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, September 1oth, October
ist, foothills near Denver. ‘ Middle and Central States, New York,
Illinois.’

“Three specimens have been under examination, and I have seen
others. None of them,however, are from the East. There is a question,
perhaps, whether this species is correctly identified. The examples be-
fore me agree with Guente’s figure and description, and I cannot remem-
ber having seen any species from the east which might be fitted to them.
While I saw the type in the British Museum some years ago, my recollec-
tion does not serve sufficiently well to enable me to say whether or not this
is really his species. I believe it to be so, and that probably in his original
description, the locality, ‘ New York,’ was an error. The other localities
given in my Catalogue followed Mr. Grote’s notes. I have never seen
any specimens of Stramentosa identified by Mr. Grote. The specimens
before me are all very much alike, and they are evidently related to
Immanis.”

The disclosure that A. Stramentosa, Gn., has been taken regularly
at Montreal for years past by collectors connected with the Branch
of the Ent. Soc. of Ont. there, is in great measure a re-discovery of the
species in the East, apparently none knowing of its existence there except
themselves, It appears in the early printed lists of our Society as an

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63

Apamea, and I, being desirous of obtaining an example for the Society’s
collection, enquired of correspondents who I thought were likely to know,
but none of them had ever seen it, or could give any information about
it. There is an insect in the D’Urban collection which was made in
Quebec, labeled Hydraecia Stramentosa, in Walker's handwriting. but it
does not even belong to that genus. And when I read Dr. Smith’s
remarks, quoted above, I concluded that it had got into our list by
mistake, and that it was not to be looked for in Canada. But one is
always liable to find cause to change their conclusions.

Having received some material from Montreal for names, there was
amongst it a fresh, bright orange-yellow specimen of Aydracia with
purple bands, which so closely resembled the purfurifascia in our
drawers, that, without giving it critical examination, I placed that name
opposite its number. When the specimens were returned, Mr. Brainerd
objected to that name; not that he claimed to be able to distinguish the
species, but he thought there was not enough of the food-plant of
purpurifascia about Montreal to feed a tithe of the moths that could be
taken there, remarking that they had been calling it ¢:/a, and suspected
that I must be wrong. Being so different in colour from all the rvfz/as I
had seen, I hesitated to accept it as such ; so obtaining another specimen,
I referred it to Dr. Smith, who pronounced it to be ‘‘a very typical
specimen of that species.” When I informed Mr. Brainerd of the
decision being in his favour, I requested from him another specimen if he
could spare it, which he kindly sent, and said, “ With it I put one of
what we call Stramentosa, which is the only other common species here
except WVictitans,” which proved to be the true HZ. Stramentosa, Guenee,
and thus, by a fortunate error on my part, has its presence there been
disclosed to the rest of the Entomological world.

When I informed Dr. Smith of the discovery, he replied : ‘* 1 am de-
lighted to hear of its occurrence there, and it may be now that it will turn
up in the northern or mountainous districts of New York or New Eng-
land. I must say I hesitated long before I dared to identify Guenée’s
description as [ did, with no sort of proof that the species occurred this
side of the Rockies.”

Mr. Brainerd intends to make a vigorous effort to discover its food
plant next season, and so obtain the larva for description.

J. Atston Morrat, Curator Ent. Soc. of Ont.

64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE.

The photos forthe plate were taken by Mr. Dwight Brainerd, Nee
real,

Figs. 1 and 2 are a natural pair of H. rutila.

Fig. 3 is a pupa of HW. nité/a.

Fig. 4 is a gall of same, showing the opening made by the larva.

Fig. 5, AZ. Stramentosa.

All enlarged.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO COCCIDOLOGY.—II.

BY J. D. TINSLEY, A. AND M. COLLEGE, MESILLA- PARK, N. M.

During the past summer I have had the opportunity, through the
kindness of Dr. Howard, of working over the unnamed material of the
genera Dactylopius, Ripersia, and Phenacoccus, belonging to the col-
lection of the Division of Entomology, U. S., D. A. I wish to record
here the identity of D. vastator, Mask., with D. filamentosus, Ckll., and
two species which I believe to be new. +I hope in a subsequent paper to
give further notes on some of the other species found, and also to record
the new host plants found for a number of species.

Dactylopius filamentosus,Ckll., syn. Dactylopius vastator, Maskell.—
I have before me a considerable quantity of material, specimens as fol-
lows: ‘Type material of D. fiZamentosus, Ckll.; material from Island of
Mauritius on Citrus sent by De Charmoy ; and the following from U. S.
D. A., Div. Ent.: 7232 on Hibiscus, Richmond, Natal; 7706 on Orange,
Cape Town, Africa (Coll., Lounsbury); 5820 on Tamarind and Citrus,
Honolulu, Sandwich Is. (Coll. Koebele). After carefully examining and
comparing individuals from each lot of material, I can-find no character-
istic differences, and must therefore conclude that they are all one species.
Since Cockerell described //amentosus in 1893 (The Entomologist,
Vol. XXVI, p. 268, Sept., 1893), and Maskell described vastator in
Trans. N. Z. Inst., t894, p. 65, D. vastator, Mask., will’ have to stand as
a synonym of D. filamentosus, Ckll.

The No. 5820 material is of considerable interest, it being topo-type,
and is that referred to by Maskell, Zoc. cit. The most prominent
characters of this species are: the habit of aggregating into masses ;
the abundant white or yellowish secretions ; and when boiled in Fotee
staining the liquid a dark purple to blue-green and themselves turning
blue-green ; they_are very hard to clear;-the antennz are of 7 segments:

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65

segment 1, 37-45 » long ; segment 2, 37-39 » long; segment 3, 28-40 p»
long; segment 4, 28-34 » long; segment 5, 22-31 » long; segment 6,
22-34 » long; segment 7, 73-84 » long; legs, femur about 140 yp long ;
tibia, about 100 » long ; tarsus, about 70 » long ; derm bearing peculiar
spear-shaped spines. This species does not resemble D. Zozwnsendt,
Ckll., as supposed by Maskell. It resembles a/bizz/e, Mask., and
hymenoclee, Cklil., in producing the blue-green pigment in potash, but is
distinct from them in the secretion and anatomical characters.
Dactylopius Texensis, n. sp.

Specimens have been in alcohol since Dec., 1895. Adult 9; length
about 3 mm.; nearly as wide as long ; shape rather sub-globular ; colour
light brown. I know nothing at present of the secretion. Epidermis
bearing scattered, medium-sized hairs and numerous small glands ;
margins of body with areas of glands and stout conical spines. Antenne
of eight segments : segment 1 rather large, 53-59 p» long ; segment 2
rather wide, tapering slightly toward the proximal end, length 48-51 p ;
segment 3 about three-fourths the width of 2, cylindrical, 52-62 » long
(the length of this segment may be either less than, equal to or greater
than that of 1, they are often nearly sub-equal); segment 4 quite short,
20-28 » long; segment 5, 28-37 » long; segment 6, 25-31 } long;
segment 7, 31-39 » long; segment 8 usually about $84 » long. Among
observed formule are: 8312 (57) (46), 83127564, 81327 (56) 4. The
segments bear one or more whorls of medium-sized hairs.

Legs rather short and stout ; femur about 182 » long by 82 p wide,
bearing numerous medium-sized hairs ; tibia, 132 » long by 35 » wide,
bearing several rows of small hairs ; tarsus 65 p long ; tarsal digitules
long, slender, knobbed hairs; claw stout, 31 » long ; digitules of claw
long, slender, knobbed. Mentum elongate. Anal lobes not conspicuous,
bearing the usual long spine, and areas of cones, hairs and spinnerets.
Since the specimens are alcoholic, we know nothing of the ovisac. Eggs
unknown. Male unknown.

Hab.—On Acacia Farnestana,Willd.; San Diego, Texas, Dec., 1895.
U.S. D.-A., Div. Ent., No. 6961.

Remarks.—This species resembles D. Ryani in antennal formula, but
differs in having the antennz smaller and the legs shorter and stouter.
Resembles D. dasy/irii in the general form of the antennz, but differs in
having segments 3 and 1 of antenne usually longer than 2, and differs
very much in the shape of the body.

66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Dactylopius Farnesiane, Targ., found on Acacia Farnesiana at
Vicenza, Italy, seems to be quite a different insect. - I also have before
me a Dactylopius, in alcohol, on sugar cane from Mauritius, U.S. D.
A., Div. Ent., No. 6596, sent the Dept. by Miss Ormerod ; these specimens
I take to be the ones mentioned by Maskell in Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1896, p.
321; see also Insect Life, Vol. VII., p. 430. This Dactylopius differs in
no material points from the Zexensis. he general appearance of the
alcoholic specimens is the same, the measurements of the segments of the
antennze come within the limits given for Zexens/s ; the femur is same
length as in the above ; tibia is a little longer, one being 160 p; tarsus is
alsc a little longer, go »; claw is more slender. I do not consider these
differences sufficient for separating them, but it may be that when com-
plete specimens of each are obtained there may be differences in colour,
ovisac, etc., which may separate them. It seems strange that a species
should be found in such widely-separated localities, and especially upon
such different host plants.

Ripersia serrata, 0D. sp. si

Adult ¢@. Length, including fringe, about 2 mm.; width nearly
2mm. Shape broadly elliptical. Colour of dried specimens blackish.
There are three rows of beaded secretion on the dorsum : two lateral and
a median, with the dark body showing up more or less between them, the
median is most prominent. On the margin of the body is a fringe of
projections ; these consist of pairs of rods which become somewhat
shortened and dentate toward the anterior extremity, while those of the
posterior extremity of the body are longer and more distinctly rodlike ;
their length is usually less than half the width of the body. The
general appearance of this insect, with its secretion, suggests that of
Dactylopius pseudonipe, and species of Orthezia.,

Margin of epidermis bearing areas of several stout conical spines and
numerous glands ; numerous small glands scattered over the epidermis,
and also a few scattered hairs.

Antenne rather slender, of six segments, the reiative lengths rather
variable ; first segment 20-25 » long, second 22-28 p, third 28-34 p,
fourth 17-20 p, fifth 20-25 p, sixth 48-56 ». Some observed formule
are: 632514, 632154, 63(125)4, 63({25)14, 63(12)54. The segments
bear whorls of medium-sized hairs.

Legs rather slender for a Ripersca; femur 85-100 » long by 35 p
wide ; tibia about 70 » long; tarsus about 4- »: long ; claw rather stout ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67

tarsal digitules rather stout, knobbed ; digitules of claw longer than the
claw and knobbed. Hairs on legs rather small and scanty.

Anal lobes rather prominent, bearing a large seta 75 » long, anda
number of quite stout conical spines and spinnerets. Anal ring normal.
Female ovisac unknown.

Eggs and larve unknown. Male unknown; male sac white, elongate,
about 2 mm. long and 75 mm. wide.

Habitat.—On a creeping vine. Collected by H. Caracciolo, Port of
Spain, Trinidad, W. I.; Jan. 27, 1894.

Rem.—This is No. 6160 of the U.S. D. A. collection. The most
marked characteristic of this species is the peculiar arrangement of the
secretion described above. It seems to resemble &. fi/icicola, Newst.

A NEW SPECIES OF SINEA.
BY A. N. CAUDELL, DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Sinea complexa, n. sp.—Length, ¢, 8 to 9.5 mm., 9, 9.5 to 11
m.m; width, g, 3 mm., ?, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. General colour ranging
from a very dark brown to pale cinnamon. Head armed with three
pairs of anteocular spines, the posterior pair the longest, with smaller
ones interspersed. Behind the eyes, with several sharp spines, one near
each ocellus being almost as long as those of the posterior anteocular
pair. Neck spinose. Antennze somewhat pallid, with a slight rufous
cast at the distal ends of the segments.

The anterior femora are much swollen and armed with the usual
long, sharp, dorsal spine, and with ten spines beneath arranged in two
longitudinal rows. The last two spines of the inner row are much larger
and longer than the others, and the terminal one is out of alignment, so
that it is rather on the dorso-lateral surface. (Sanguisuga and some other
species also show this arrangement of spines on the anterior femora, but
in these cases there is no striking enlargement of the spines, and hence it
is not so noticeable. The nymphs of déadema, and probably other
species as well, have dorso-lateral spines on the anterior femora.) This
spine is almost as long as the dorsal one and, when the femora is viewed
from the front, is quite prominent. In this view the second spine also is
somewhat prominent. ‘The anterior tibiz have the usual double row of
three strong spines below. ‘They are pale towards the tip, with the apex
black. The dorsal and two enlarged ventral spines of the «anterior

at

68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

femora also have the tips black. The hind and middle legs are without
distinguishing characters.

Thorax with distinct, sharp spines on both lobes, those of the
anterior lobe the longest. Breast spined, usually with blunt spines.
Disk of the posterior thoracic lobe convex, hardly impressed longitudi-
nally. Lateral angles quite acute, moderately prominent. Scutellum
black, triangular, with raised centre and slightly turned up at the tip.
Abdomen of both sexes wider than the hemelytra, considerably so in the
females, where the margins are somewhat elevated and the sides rounded.
Quite uniformly coloured, sometimes paler on the posterior borders of the
segments near the lateral margins. ;

Described from specimens in the National Museum, from Los
Angeles, California ; collected by Mr. Coquillett. They were given the
“manuscript name complexa by Prof. Uhler. ‘This name, with the kind
consent of the author, I gladly adopt. Type No. 4433, U.S. Nat. Mus.

This species belongs to the sanguisuga group, characterized by a
short, broad form, as opposed to the longer forms represented by
diadema, undulata and coronata. It is quite a well-marked species, the
distinctly spined posterior thoracic lobe, together with the peculiar arma-
ture of the anterior femora, readily separating it from its allies,

A NEW POPULAR NAME FOR CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA;

In the January number, Prof. Slingerland proposes a new common
name for the “forest tent-caterpillar,” and proposes “ forest teutless-cater-
pillar.” The objection would be, that ‘“tent-caterpillar” is an English
equivalent for C/éstocampa, and need not be altered whether the particu-
lar species makes a tent or not. What is needed in names is fixity, not
relevancy. Another objection is, that fev¢/ess is not the antithesis to fent,
but to texted. There is, on a previous page of the same number, a pro-
test against changes in Latin terms in entomology, and also systems of
classification. Whatever force lies in this protest is doubled when Eng-
lish names, which have no classificatory significance, are to be considered.
I should therefore be in favour of retaining the names, ‘apple tent-cater-
pillar” and “ forest tent-caterpillar,” for the two species of C/zszocampa,
now known under these common titles. If inapplicability were a valid
reason for changing naines in entomology, we should be quite lost. And
the new name, “ forest tentless-caterpillar,” besides implying that the in-
sect is not a C/istocampa, ceases to be distinctive, for there are other
caterpillars of the forest which are unprovided with tents.

A, Rapcuirre Grote, Hildesheim, Germany.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 6%)

NYMPHS OF NORTHERN ODONATA, STILL UNKNOWN.
BY JAMES G, NEEDHAM, LAKE FOREST, ILL.

This is a word in season to collectors of aquatic insects, who may
be afield during the months of spring and early summer.

Among the nymphs of Odonata occurring in the North-eastern States
and Canada, there remain a number of good discoveries to be made. In
any locality where these nymphs are common their discovery will not be
a difficult matter. Nymphs of the following half-dozen species are pre-
eminently desirable :

1. Zachopteryx Thoreyi, Sel. Atlantic States. No nymphs of its sub-
family known.

2. Gompheschna furcillata, Say. Eastern States.

. NMannothemis bella, Uli. Atlantic Seaboard. No nymphs of these

3
4. Leurocordulia obsoleta, Say. Eastern States. | genera known.

. ? Meurocordulia Uhleri, Sel. Me. Mass., N. J.
. Somatochlora Lintneri, Hag. N. Y., Saskatchewan.

ON WN

The last-named genus, which is peculiarly a northern one in our
fauna, is large and polymorphic. Even the imagoes are very insufficiently
known. and few nymphs of fewer species have been taken, though they
must be very common in proper localities. Canadian collectors have
every advantage in the study of this genus.

While a large number of nymphs of Odonata have been collected
and reared of late, descriptions of them have not, unfortunately, as yet
got into print.. The species above mentioned are among the most
desirable of those which have not, I believe, as yet been found. I have
had no difficulty in rearing all the genera and almost all the species
occurring in the localities in which I have lived during the last five
years: but these six have not come my way. I should be glad to help
any one who wishes to undertake to find and rear these nymphs, by
sending a printed account of the methods I have used successfully, and

by the determination of dragon-fly material in all stages of development.

70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A STUDY OF HYDROMETRA LINEATA.
BY J. O. MARTIN, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y.

Among the reeds and rushes that border quiet streams and ponds
lives Hydrometra lineata, one of the least known of our North American
Hemiptera. This insect is comparatively rare in collections, but common
enough in nature, though owing to its small size and inconspicuous
appearance it escapes all but the sharpest-eyed collectors. Its elongate
body is borne on hairlike legs and resembles a bit of twig or grass more
than a living insect. After the eye becomes accustomed to the odd
shape, they are most easily distinguished, especially when they move
about over the surface of the water. During the past summer I took
over five hundred specimens of this insect without any special effort,
finding them common through New York State, Massachusetts, and
Connecticut.

The appearance of this insect is unique aud exceedingly grotesque,
for the head, thorax and abdomen are so elongate and the legs so thin
that it produces the effect of a minute’ Indian club stalking about on the
water. Closer examination reveals a pair of solemn, protruding eyes
situated at about the middle and on either side of the handle of this
Indian club, while from the end a pair of threadlike antennz are waved
about in a mysteriously cautious manner. Underneath the head is the
murderous beak, the common possession of all hemipterous insects. In
very rare cases individuals may be found witha pair of wings closely
folded upon the back and covered with leathery hemelytra, which are only
to be detected by the use of a lens. .

The economy of this elongate form becomes at once apparent on
studying the habits of Hydrometra. In the first place, it reduces the
insect’s weight to the minimum and lessens the liability of breaking
through the treacherous surface film upon which the life of this aquatic
pedestrian is passed. In the second place, the long, cylindrical body is
so like a bit of twig in appearance that Hydrometra is protected from his
enemies and concealed from his prey, which do not in the least suspect
in this apparent straw the presence of a deadly foe.

The genus Hydrometra was first established by Latreille in his
‘Precis des Characteres Generiques des Insects” (1797) p. 86. I have
not had access to this book, but in his ‘* Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces
et Insects,” T. xi., pp. 267-269 (1804), Latreille says: ‘‘I have taken
the characters of the insect pointed out by Geoffery, Cimex stagnorum

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ve!

(Linn.). . . . . . My genus Hydrometra is easily distinguishable
from Gerris in the following characters: Head drawn out into a long,
cylindrical snout, recurvant and in a longitudinal groove the beak.
These insects have the body very narrow, slender and linear, the head
very long and slender, carrying at the extremity of the elongate snout
two setaceous four-jointed antenne. The eyes are large and globular
and are situated near the middle of the snout; Linnaeus mistook them for
tubercules. The thorax is long and cylindrical, the tegmina are very
short and narrow and lie on the back, not occupying more than the
interval between the second and third pairs of legs. The abdomen is very
long and slightly larger than the anterior portion of the body ; it is
cylindrical and has two longitudinal keels, one on each side of the
border. The legs are very thin and long, the middle pair being nearer
the anterior pair than to the posterior. Hydrometra loves aquatic
places, and runs with some agility on the surface of the water, but not
very rapidly. It is this habit that gives them their name Hydrometra
(water measurer).” When Latreille first established this genus it con-
tained but two species, one from Europe, H. stagnorum, and another
from the West Indies, the first serving as the type.

Cimex stagnorum (Linn.), Latreille’s type, was placed by Linnaeus,
who described it, in his heterogeneous genus Cimex, which included
many widely different Hemiptera. Later naturalists in dividing up this
genus placed 1. stagnorum in various genera, such as Gerris and Emesa,
until it was rescued by Latreille and placed in a genus by itself, which its
unique characters well merited. Later, Burmeister,* setting aside
Latreille’s work, proposed the generic name Limnobates for this insect,
and this name is frequently to be met with in comparatively recent books.

The United States, like Europe, has up to the present but a single
species, and this (H. /imeata) was first described by Thomas Say.f+ I
quote the following: ‘‘H. lineata. Fuscous; hemelytra dull whitish
with black nervures. Inhabits United States. Body fuscous or brown,
more or less deep ; hemelytra dull whitish or dusky, with black nervures ;
tergum pale, quadrilineate with black ; two of the lines on the edge and
the interval between the two inner lines, dull whitish or bright yellow ;
the incisures of the segments more or less black ; beneath and feet obscure

* *« Handbuch der Entomologie” (1839), Vol. II., No. 1, p. 210.

+ The complete writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of North America
(Leconte’s Edition), Vol. I., p. 361.

[4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

yellowish ; thorax with a more or less obvious pale line. Length, seven-
twentieths of an inch. This is very much like the stagnorum, F., but the
hemelytra are not testaceous and there is no thoracic impressed line.

Pate JI],—Structural details of Hydrometra lineata,

~I
©

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ee
ae
“ay
Ja

Fic. 7.—Hydrometra lineata. Male.

EXPLANATION OF PLaTE III.
Fig. 1 —Lateral view of genitalia of H/. lineata, female.

» 2,—Dorsal " " " " female.

» 3,—Lateral 1 " " " male.

"» 4.—Dorsal " " " " male.

» 9.—Ventral 4 " " " male.

» §.—Lateral 5 " H. stagnorum, female.
» 6.—Dorsal " " " " female.
» 7.—Lateral 4 " " " male.

" 8.—Dorsal " " " " male,

» 10,—Lateral view of head of 7/7. lineata,

74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

[Male?] Body blue-black ; thorax with a pale line; antenne and feet
dark honey yellow ; tergum and venter without lines.”

“Var. a. Australis. Head beyond the eyes a little longer and a
little more dilated at tip; second joint of the antennz a little more
dilated at tip; abdomen with five lateral whitish points. Inhabits New
Orleans.”

It will be noted in the above description that Say could find no very
specific difference between //. /ineata and 7. stagnorum; by looking
carefully at the genitalia of each, however, it is seen that there is a wide
difference between them. [t is in these fundamental structures that we
find the variations which are best adapted for separating the species
referred to in the above. Just what these differencés are may best be
seen by reference to Plate III., where Figs. r and 2 show lateral and
dorsal views of the genitalia of the female H. /ineata, and Figs. 3 and 4
show lateral and dorsal views of the male genitalia of the same species ;
Figs. 5 and 6 are the genitalia lateral and dorsal of female /Z. stagnorum ;
Figs. 7 and 8 are the same for the male of this latter species. The male
is darker in colour than the female, and much smaller, the average length
of twenty males being 8.8 mm., while twenty females averaged 9.7 mm.
in length. ;

The peculiar habitat of Hydrometra, combined with its elongate
form, has given rise to a secondary sexual character, which occurs in both
H. lineata and H. stagnorum. This consists of two notched projections
on the inner side of the sixth abdominal segment, close to the incisure be-
tween the sixth and seventh segments. The object of these notched
elevations of the abdominal walls is to fit over the lateral keels of the
female abdomen, thus steadying the abdomen of the male during copula-
tion. ‘This is rendered necessary not only by the elongate abdomen, but
also by the fact that it is necessary for the insects to maintain their balance
upon the water or run the risk of breaking through the treacherous surface
film, an accident very likely to cause death. ‘The abdomen in both sexes
is stiffened and made rigid by a concentration of the segments along the
venter, and by two keel-like lateral expansions of the abdominal segments.
Along these keels the segments have become so firmly cemented that the
joints between the segments do not show, thus giving to the keels the ap-
pearance of continuous structure.

The life-history of H. Zineata is similar to that of other Hemiptera
in that there are several broods during-the summer. The insect hiber-
nates in the adult stage, and during the first warm days of spring crawls
stiffly out from under the rubbish along the banks, where it has passed the
winter. When the weather becomes warm enough (the first to tenth of
May at Ithaca), egg-laying begins ; the female becomes restless and stalks
about in search of a place to deposit an egg. The laying of an egg by
this stiff-abdomened, clumsy creature is accomplished in a very peculiar
manner: Backing up to a grass stem Or almost any firm object which

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 15

rises above the water, she exudes from the genital opening a drop of a
gummy gelatinous substance, which she then presses against the object
that has been chosen to support the egg. This sticky mass is the base of
the egg-stalk, and hardening very soon, fastens the egg in place before it
has left the body. The insect now walks away from the stalk, thus free-
ing herself from the egg. This egg, as may be seen from
the drawing (Fig. 8), is long and spindle-shaped, with the
micropile on the extreme end away from the point of at-
tachment. ‘The length of the egg is about two millimetres,
a little more than one-fifth the total length of the insect
apart from the antenne, and about one-half the length of
the abdomen. I was unable to determine how many eggs
each female Jays, for Hydrometra is not an easy insect to
raise in confinement, being easily drowned in aquaria, and
then the eggs are very hard to find where there is anything
like an approach to natural conditions. The number can-
not be very great, however, for the size of the egg is such
that the abdomen could hardly contain more than four or
five atthe most. Each egg is attached to its support at
right angles to the surface, but is frequently found hanging
down as the result of some accident.

The interior egg sac is protected by a horny exterior
coating decorated with longitudinal ribs or flutings, the sur-
faces of which are granulated and marked by a rather in-
distinct hexagonal pattern; in the drawing this pattern has
been exaggerated in order to call attention to its existence,
for it is not at first apparent, and indeed does not appear
to be present in some cases. Around the micropile end
this protective coating takes the form of a series of plates,
while around the stalk it extends in an enclosing sheath of
a delicate tracery of network, through which can be seen
the darker coloured supporting stalk. Mounted in Canada
balsam this covering becomes more or less transparent,
showing the oval pod-shape of the egg proper, with its

—~ lender stalk on one end and the micropile on the other.
Be Fee of Out of this egg there emerges, seventeen days after lay-
Hydrometra. jing, the soft-bodied, light green nymph which has, as do all
Hemiptera, the general characters of the adult. The nymph in this case

16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

differs, however, from the adult in having the tarsi one-, instead of three-
jointed. The body is so soft at birth and during the five moults which
follow that the nymphs are frequently drowned, not being able to raise
their bodies above the surface film so easily as do the more rigid adults.

During the summer there are varying numbers of broods, depending
largely upon the length and temperature of the season, for this simple life-

history is repeated as fast as the insects reach maturity.

Hydrometra is a carnivorous insect, its food consisting of the juices
of insects that fal! into the water, and the number of these is considerable
along the grassy aquatic borders. When such a hapless insect falls into
the water it is at once pounced upon by one or several voracious Hydro-
metras, who insert their beaks and proceed to suck the juices from their
still struggling victim. Ihave seen noless than ten thus surround their
prey, all with their heads in the direction of common ‘interest and their
bodies radiating outward. The body and legs of Hydrometra are covered
with minute hairs, which prevent the body from being éasily wet. The in-
sect is constantly engaged in lifting its legs into the air to dry them, forif they
once become wet they sink through the surface film just as would a float-
ing needle. When Hydrometra does break through the surface film he is
often able to free one leg after another, and then by main force raise his

body up also.

In Lethierry and Severin’s Catalogue of the Hemiptera there are
listed eleven species of Hydrometra, but this list is not complete, for it
does not contain H. Zimeata. These eleven species are mostly tropical
and sub-tropical, with the exception of the European species and one
from Siberia. One species from the Philippines may eventually become
a member of the fauna of the United States, though at present H. /imeata
is our sole representative of this genus. It seems that subsequent study
will show more species within the boundaries of the United States, and

that Say’s variety austra/is will be found to be a distinct species.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ii

ORCHELIMUM, SERV
BY JEROME M’NEILL, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA.

This genus of Orthoptera is confined almost entirely to North
America, where it is represented by twenty or more species. Joseph
Redtenbocher in his ‘‘ Monographie der Conocephaliden,” published in
1891, united Orchelimum, Serv., to Xiphidium, Serv. This action seems
scarcely justified, as the two groups are quite as distinct as many other
Orthopteran genera, and Redtenbocher’s authority has not been generally
recognized in this country. The species are distinguished with difficulty
and the descriptions are widely scattered. ‘These considerations have led
me to attempt to make a key for their identification. It is quite possible
that some of the species indicated are synonymous, but I am inclined to
believe that all I have recognized are good, and I believe there are a
considerable number undescribed. Many forms which differ from each
other by very few structural differences are distinguished by some
peculiarity of song or habit or habitat, and it is certain that a considerable
number of them have been overlooked.

KEY TO ORCHELIMUM.

A. Hind femora not armed with small spines on the under side
b’. Ovipositor straight or very slightly curved; face not striped
eae pale.

‘ Tegmina surpassing the tips of the femora more or less.
Length of the ovipositor 10 mm. or more, little if any less
than two-thirds the length of the hind femora.

d‘. Pronotum short, less than one-fourth the length of the
body and not more than 4 mm. long ; tegmina only
slightly surpassing the tips of the hind femora ; a broad
reddish-brown band upon the head and pronotum,
somewhat paler in the middle... .. Delicatum, Bruner.

d*. Pronotum longer, more than one-fourth the length of
the body and more than 4 mm. long ; tegmina little if
any shorter than the wings and reaching almost to the
tip of the ovipositor ; two well-defined narrow dark
brown diverging lines upon the _ prono-
tuin. ee ey ea . Gladiator, Bruner.

*. Tegmina not ene ie ee of thie ie femora ; ovipositor
brown, much less than 10 mm, long.......A/znor, Bruner.

78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

b*. Ovipositor decidedly curved.

Gn

Size small, less than 14 mm.; tegmina without the two
black lines usually present on either side of the spec-
MVE tk ws, « ee «asin Hen Lede dips ae yee ae

c’. Size medium or large, at least 16 mm. long.

d’. Face pale or unicolorous, never with reddish-brown or

fuscous stripe down the middle.
e!. Hind femora short, less than five-sixths the length
of the body and not exceeding 15 mm. in length.

f', ‘T'egmina not much exceeding the hind femora ;
ovipositor less than g mm. long ; posterior
margin of the lateral lobes strongly sinuate ;
anterior and middle tibiz green or yellow-
{| eC Amram 070005

f°. Tegmina far surpassing the tips of the hind
femora ; Ovipositor more than ro mm. long ;
posterior margin of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum distinctly but not.strengly sinuate ;
anterior and middle tibiz fuscous
black... 2.0...) 0.4... 0: 00). Robmseeeae

e*. Hind femora longer, at least five-sixths as long as
the body and not less than 17 mm. in length ;
ovipositor less than half as long as the hind
femora.

f!, Pronotum longer, more than one-fourth as long
as the body ; tegmina not far surpassing the
tip of the hind femora.

g'. Tegmina not narrowed in the middle ;
anal cerci of the male slender, the basal
tooth short and weak; tegmina and
wings olivaceous brown ; size less than
medium.........Campestre, Blatchley.

g°. Tegmina narrowed in the middle; anal
cerci of the male swollen, armed within
with a strong basal tooth ; posterior
margin of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum strongly sinuate ; size greater

: than medium... ...G/aberrimum, Burm.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a9

f*. Pronotum short, less than one-fourth as long
as the body; tegmina far surpassing the tip
of the hind femora and distinctly shorter
than the wings..........Zongipenne, Scudd.

d®. Face with a reddish-brown stripe down the middle ;
pronotum short, less than one-fourth the length of the
body ; ovipositor less than one-half the length of the
hind femora ; body slender.

e'. Stripe broadly expanded on the lower half of the
face, forming a triangular spot; tegmina brownish-
green or testaceous..........Comcinnum, Scudd.

e®. Stripe not expanding on the lower part of the face ;
tegmina and wings transparent whitish tinged
with green on the principal veins of the lateral
field)... :32..-3-eiaeee >. ..cadtanense, Blatebley

A*. Hind femora armed with one or more small spines on the under side.
a’. Tegmina not much longer than the body, generally plainly
shorter ; ovipositor decidedly curved and never more than 9 mm.
long.
b’. Face pale, without a narrow median stripe.
c'. Tips of the hind femora surpassed by the tegmina.

d'. Dorsal stripe present; ovipositor exceeding half
the length of the hind femora; pronotum more
than one-fourth the length of the
body. «..7, 20: sna aenens. -Splaticwi, MeNeir.

d®. Dorsal stripe absent ; ovipositor less than half the
length of the hind femora; pronotum less than
one-fourth the length of the

s body. . fos ots soar . Spinulosum, Red.
*. Tips of the ea bain not rgehed by the tegmina,
which are decidedly shorter than the body ; pronotum
considerably more than one-fourth the length of the

DOV iets rio «ado cichog eee ihe ate a ale os CRELICULET Exe SCENE

b*. Face with a narrow median stripe ......... Agile, DeGeer.

a*. Tegmina considerably longer than the body.
b’. Ovipositor not more than 9 mm. long and decidedly curved.
c’. All the tibiz black or infuscated on the upper side ;
ovipositor plainly more than half the hind femora ;

SU THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

pronotum not less than one-fourth the length of the
body ; dorsal stripe present, though frequently obsolete
posterionly..... ... 02.52. sso» « «VESPER ee
c*. All the tibice not black nor infuscated on the upper
side ; ovipositor distinctly less than half the length of
the hind femora ; pronotum less than one-fourth the
length of the body; dorsal stripe want:
thei hee: ofen aen GS Red.
b®. Ovipositor at least to mm. long.

co.

Hind femora spined only on the outer carina of the

under side ; ovipositor nearly straight.

d'. Tegmina not more than 25 mm. even in the
female, much less in the male; general colour
brownish-green ; dorsal stripe bordered by two
narrow lines of darker brown. . Bruner?, Blatchley.

d*. ‘Tegmina not less than 25 mm. long even in the
male, much more in the female ; tegmina strongly
reticulate ; the anal area forming a distinct angle
with the lateral field........ Vodantum, McNeill.

Hind femora spined on both carinz of the under side ;

°
re
—

ovipositor distinctly curved ; dorsum of the pronotum
with two reddish-purple stripes ; pronotum less than
one-fourth the length of the body.. ..Zaticauda, Red.
ORCHELIMUM DELICATUM, Bruner.

Orchelimum delicatum, Bruner. Ent. News, III., 264, Dec., 1892.

: gracile, Bruner. Can. Ent., XXIII, 70.
Net ‘oy? Elan j

This species was re-named by Bruner when he found it necessary to
restore Harris’s O. gracile, which on the authority of Scudder had been
considered a synonym of X7phidium fasciatum, De Geer.

It is very limited in distribution, being known only from Nebraska,
where, however, Bruner says it is “ quite common in the vicinity of West
Point, about the margins of ponds, etc.” He also took it at the electric
light in Lincoln, “.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81

ORCHELIMUM GLADIATOR, Bruner.

Orchelimum gladiator, Brun., Can. Ent., XXIIT., 71.
e “ Blatchley, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 1893.*
Nebraska, ‘On the flowers of a prairie golden-rod( Sodidago rigida,L.),
at West Point,” Bruner; Indiana, “ From the borders of a tamarack
swamp,” Blatchley.
ORCHELIMUM MINOR, Bruner.

Orchelimum minor, Bruner, Can. Ent., XXIII, 72, Apr., 189r.
Apparently a rare species, known only from the District of Columbia.
It is unknown to me and has not been recognized since it was named.

ORCHELIMUM VULGARE, Harr.

Orchelimum vulgare, Harr., Ins. Inj. to Veg., p. 162, fig. 77, 1862.
«~ Scudd., Mat: for Mon.; 452; 1362.
Xiphidium agile, Red., Mon. der Con., 186, fig. 80, 1891.

It is very probable that many of the references to this insect are
mistaken. It seems to range over the northern United States from the
Pacific to the Atlantic,and northward for an unknown distance into British
America. It is found as far south as Arkansas and Maryland.

ORCHELIMUM GRACILE, Harr.

Orchelimum gracile, Harr., Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, p. 163, fig. 78.
2 a Brun., Ent. News, III., Dec. 1892, 264.

Not Xiphidium fasciatum, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 1862, 451.
According to Bruner, Scudder was mistaken in referring O. gracile

to X fasciatum. Massachusetts, Harris ; New Jersey, Bruner.

ORCHELIMUM ROBUSTUM, Red.

Xiphidium robustum, Red., Mon. Con. 185, 1891 New Orleans,

Redtenbocher.

ORCHELIMUM CAMPESTRE, Blatchley.

Orchelimum campestre, Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 133, 1893.

Reported from Vigo and Fulton Counties, ‘‘In upland. prairie
meadows, where it frequents the tall grasses, usually in company with
Xiphidium strictum, Scudd.”

ORCHELIMUM GLABERRIMUM, Burm.
Xiphidium glaberrimum, Burm., Hand., I1., 3, 707, 1839.

*The title page of the author’s reprint bears the date 1892, but it is evident that
this paper was not printed until 1893 or later, as some of the synonymy given bears the
date 1893. (See page 135.)

82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Orchelimum glaberrimum, Scudd., Mater. for a Mon., 453, 1862.
NXiphidium ue Red., Mon. der Con., 187, 1891.
The whole United States east of the Rocky Mountains. .

ORCHELIMUM LONGIPENNE, Scudd.
Orchelimum longipenne, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 453, 1862.
Xiphidium inerme, Red., Mon. der Con., 187, 1891.
‘Texas, Redtenbocher, Scudder; Kansas, Nebraska, Bruner. .
ORCHELIMUM CONCINNUM, Scudd.
Orchelimum concinnum, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 452, 1862.
? “s herbaceum, Serv., Hist. Nat. Orth., 524, 1839.
Xiphidium concinnum, Red., Mon. der Con., 188, 1891.

Blatchley says: ‘It frequents the weedy and grassy margins of
marshes and lowland ponds and reaches maturity about August 15th.”
Massachusetts, Scudder, Redtenbocher; New York, Beutenmiiller ;
Indiana, Blatchley ; Illinois, McNeill; Nebraska, Bruner.

ORCHELIMUM INDIANENSE, Blatch.
Orchelimum Indianense, Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci, 137, are0g:

Blatchey says it was ‘‘ quite common among the rank grasses and
sedges about the margins of a tamarack swamp. near Kewana, Fulton
County, Indiana. *
ORCHELIMUM SYLVATICUM, McNeill.

Orchelimum sylvaticum, McNeill, Psyche, 26 Feb., 189.
© s Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 136, 1893.

Found on corn and about open places in the woods. Blatchley
says: ‘‘It frequents the borders of cultivated fields and open woods.”
Illinois, McNeill ; Indiana, Blatchley.

ORCHELIMUM SPINULORUM, Red.
Xiphidium spinulorum, Red., Mon. der Con., 189, 1891. North Caro-
lina, Redtenbocher.
ORCHELIMUM CUTICULARE, Serv.
Orchelimum cuticulare, Serv., Hist. Nat. Orthop., 523, 1839.
Xiphidium cuticulare, Red., Mon. der Con., 189, 1891. Texas, Redten-
bocher.
ORCHELIMUM AGILE, De Geer.
Locusta agilis, De Geer., Mem., III., 457. Pl. 40, Fig. 3, 1778.
Orchelimum agile, Scudd., Mat. for a Mon., 453, 1862. —
Not Xiphidium agile, Red., Mon. der Con., 186, 1891.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83

There is considerable uncertainty concerning the status of this
species. Redtenbocher made O. vu/gare, Harr., a synonym, but Blatch-
ley points out that Redtenbocher’s measurements do not agree with
those of vulgare. The species as determined by Scudder, as it is
represented in my collection, has the under sides of the hind femora
spined. Maryland, Illinois, Scudder; Kansas, Nebraska, Bruner; Mont-
real, Canada, Caulfield ; New Jersey, Smith; New York, Beutenmuller.

ORCHELIMUM NIGRIPES, Scudd.
Orchelimum nigripes, Scudd., Ent. Notes, 1V., 62, 1875.
Xiphidium nigripes, Red., Mon. der Con., 188, 1891.

The range of this species seems to be from the Rocky Mountains to
Indiana, and Texas to Nebraska. It has not been reported east and
south of the Mississippi and Ohio.

ORCHELIMUM NITIDUM, Red.
Xiphidium nitidum, Red., Mon. der Con., 189, 1891.
Georgia, Redtenbocher.

ORCHELIMUM BruNERI, Blatch.
Orchelimum Bruneri, Blatch., Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 139, 1893.

This species is apparently closely related to my O. volantum, and it
may prove identical. Said by Blatchley to be ‘‘common on the leaves
and stems of a tall, broad-leaved knot-weed (Polygonum amphibium ),
which grows luxuriantly in the shallow waters about the margins of two
or three large ponds in the Wabash River bottoms.” The same authority
reports it from the margin of Lost Lake, Marshall Co., Ind.

ORCHELIMUM VOLANTUM, McNeill.
Orchelimum volantum, McNeill, Psyche, VI., 26, Feb., 1891.

Found only on Sagittaria variabilis, in a single locality on the banks
of Rock River, Illinois, near Cleveland, Henry County. It makes more
use of its remarkably long wings than any other species of the genus
known to me.

ORCHELIMUM LATICAUDA, Red.
Xiphidium laticauda, Red., Mon. der Con., 1g0, 1891,
New Orleans, Redtenbocher.

84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN YPONOMEUTID#E.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. |
(Continued from page 41.)
Genus GLYPHIPTERYX, Hubn.
Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., 421, 1816; Wals., Proc. Zia SOG;

Lond., 1897, 118.
Sinema of Spectes.

Hind wings narrowly oblong, the fringe about as long as the width of the
wing.
A series of black and silver dots along the margin of wing at anal
angle. =
Fore wing with a straight white line across the middle,
A purplish space subterminally, with three white dashes on

COStAnS cn ene wn wg le ghee - leis ier 5 ORMGSE MERIC aNn eis
No purplish space, hat a nearly continuous white line be-
yond the middle line...............umtfasolatas- aise

Fore wing with a white costal bar at middle, preceded and fol-
lowed by white lines that ‘converge toward inner mar-
gin. sue gies ete ne en 'ju Vals see. oa « «tf IEILC CEE eer

Fore wing aithont ah rae on the margin.

A curvei white streak on middle of inner

MAFPIN 2. ee oe eee eee caleba + wren J 2a rn
( = exoptatella, Chamb.)

This white streak not curved.

This white streak a Sis without a costal dot opposite

ite. : .......clrcumscripta, Chamb.
This Scar pee an apace white costal
streak . ES i ENP Bo a .. California, Wals.

Hind wings broader, the pias auch starter ean the width of the wing.
Fore wing with no costal white streak except at the apex, the other
lines. being lead ‘coloun:’.....8.25.6 a.) wiles. sa.
Fore wing with white costal streaks.
No conspicuous white streak on middle of inner
margin. soe ae . guadragintapunctata, Dyar.
A white Heal on the iad nee margin. .#ontised/a, Chamb.
G. quadragintapunctata, 0. sp.
Fore wings dark brown, the apex golden ; seven yellowish white dots
on the costa, the third from the base continued as a white line across the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85

wing to the inner margin, the fourth an oblique dash crossing the wing
about one-third its width ; 5th at the end of a curved opalescent line that
runs across the wing to tornus ; 7th produced as a short opalescent line ;
8th as a longer opalescent line that ends on middle of outer margin ; disk
broadly blackish, thickly filled in with little yellow dots that appear
opaiescent in certain lights. Hind wings blackish brown, the fringe paler ;
abdomen white ringed, especially below ; legs black spotted outwardly.
One female, expanse 14 mm. Onaga, Kansas (F. F. Crevecceur). U. S.
* Nat. Mus. Type No. 4424.
Genus CuoreutTis, Hubn.
Hiibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., 373, 1816.
ea oe ane

Fore wing ochreous at tip.. ora peat <2 2 eeeOr ela Clem:
Fore wing not ochreous at ane
Fore wing broadly ochreous at base...............st/phiella, Grote.

Fore wing slightly ochreous at base in streaks or not at all so.
Extreme base of wing dark.
Dark basal space contracted, the middle of the wing filled
in by a purplish cloud containing black specks.
This cloud edged by a distinct white
io ......onustana, Walk.
Edges of this signal Rae a fionter Shnatfe of purplish.
Outer edge of cloud irregular, dentate; two
ochreous streaks at base. . byerkandel/a, Thunb.
Outer edge of cloud defined by a curved line ; no
ochreous at base .........sororculella, Dyar.
Dark basal space not contracted, occupying half the wing,
the pale cloud occupying the terminal haif with the
_black specks segregated into a patch below vein s.
Basal space crossed by a white line.

This: line GHrved ewes eas occidentella, Dyar.
Ths line siaightee. 4, 2.7 o. .-exerincice/en, Dyan.
Basal space without a iio
WG ce x o's ko eee . Coloradella, Fern. MS.
Extreme base a; wing w hitish gray. . . Ceucobasts, Fern. MS.

C. inflatella, Clem., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, IL, 5, 1863 ; virginiella,
Clem., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., III., 505, 1864.
I cannot distinguish Clemens’s two species, described as Brenthia.

S6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

C. sororculella, n. sp.

Generally similar to djerkande//a, Thunb., but without any traces of
the yellow dashes at the base of fore wings. The pale gray space in the
middle of the wing is sharply limited without and within by a paler line ;
in the centre of this space is a large group of biack and metallic scales ;
beyond the pale line are no black scales, but a regular, distinct,
subterminal metallic line ; a subcostal metallic streak in basal space.
Hind wings with a white dash as in omustana. ‘Two examples. Placer
Co., California. June (A. Koebele) ; U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 4426.
C. occidentella, n. sp.

Grayish brown ; basal half of wing of this colour, with a curved white
line across its centre. ‘Terminal half of wing filled, except somewhat
narrowly along outer margin, by a large whitish patch, irrorate with
brown scales, containing above a small black patch and below a large
quadrate one, cut by a whitish line transversely ; silvery scales along
costa basally, middle of wing, subterminally and in the black patch.
Hind wings brown, immaculate. Betow a faint, irregular, whitish, sub-
marginal line on hind wings and two costal dots on fore wings. Expanse
14mm. One male. California (coll. Beutenmiller). U.S. Nat. Mus.,
type No. 4428.

C. extrincicella, Nn. sp. :

Light brown, head and palpi whitish. Fore wing with basal half
brown, crossed by a broad, straight, white line with a few silvery scales
outwardly on costa. Terminal half of the wing nearly white except
narrowly along outer margin, streaked above with longitudinal, somewhat
cuneate, lines of black scales, below containing a single elongate, rounded,
black patch with two groups of silvery scales; similar scales on outer
border of white patch; outer half of fringe white. Hind wings pale
brown. Expanse 12 mm. One male. Wisconsin. U.S. Nat. Mus., type
No. 4427.

Genus THELETHIA, Dyar.

Dyar, Can. EnT., XXV., 301, 1893; Zhza, Hy. Edw. (preoc. Col.
1840) ; Hy. Edw., Ent. Am., III., 181; 1888 ; Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., L,
gol, 1892.

T. extranea, Hy. Edw., Ent. Amer., 1II., 181, 1888; Smith, List.
Lep. Bor. Am., No. 956, 1891 ; Dyar, Can. ENT., XXV., 301, 1893.

I include this genus here tentatively. I have not seen a specimen in

six years, and my old notes give only the venation. It may be a Tineid
near Incurvaria. =

oe)
~I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS UPON BOMBYX CUNEA,
DRURY, STC:
BY THE REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.

To make my way clear I beg to state the objects I had in view in
writing the article that appeared under my name in the number of the
CANADIAN Entomovocist for last May. They were these :

I.-—To establish the identity of the Spz/osoma Antigone of Strecker
with the Spzdosoma congrua of Walker.
1I.—To show that Dr. Riley’s series of wings in Fig. 87, Packara’s
forest Insects, does not afford a proof conclusive that cunea,
textor, punctata and punctatissima are one and the same
species of insect.
III.—To bring into notice a Spilosoma which answers to the
figure given by Drury of his Bombyx cunea.

I.—It is admitted that Antigone and congrua are identical. I need

not say anything more on that point.

II.—I have always looked upon Riley’s series of wing-figures with
distrust—much as I should regard a catena brought forward by a contro-
vertialist to support an erroneous opinion ; and, in the paper I have
mentioned, I endeavoured to show the weakness of his position by stating
that a like series of wing-figures could be taken from specimens of moths
raised from “ black ground-feeding larve.” It has been said “ there is no
doubt at all of the identity of all these forms,” and if a positive assertion
could have settled the matter, it would have been settled ; but a chain is
not stronger than its weakest links, and Sir James Smith was not sure of
the identity of punctatissima with Drury’s congrua, and Dr. Ottolengui
gives voice to a doubt, which others beside himself have felt, and says:
“Ts it possible that the immaculate and the spotted forms of cumea may
be distinct?” (By these “forms” I understand him to mean puncta-
tissima and textor.)

Smith and Abbot give us a picture of their Phalena punctatissima.
There is an irregularly spotted male insect, a spotless female, and a larva
feeding upona sprig of mulberry. Quite a fancy sketch! And this is
the description appended :

“Ph. Bombyx elinguis, alis deflexis corporeque niveis nigro punc-
tatis, thorace utrinque lunula nigra.”

And under this-is a note (the italics are mine) :

88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

‘* Whether this be the cunea of Mr. Drury or not, it deserves a more
expressive, or rather a less erroneous, name. Zhe character above given
applies to the male only, the female being entirely white.”

Now, Dr. Dyar tells us that ‘‘ Walker knew cunea, Drury” (CAN.
EnT., v. XXXI., p. 155), very weil. What does Walker say about the
female of the species? This is. what he says: ‘ Fema/e—Hind wings,
with some brown submarginal spots.”

There is no warrant whatever for speaking of an immaculate cunea,
Drury—whether male or female. Drury neither figured nor described
such an insect.

I hope it will be understood that when I have spoken of cunea I
have meant Drury’s cunea—not the insects that of late have been
erroneously called by that name. WhenI have spoken of moths from
fall webworms, I have designated them as such, or I have used the term
given by Harris for the northern immaculate insect, and the term given
by Smith and Abbot for the southern spotted insect.

Lyphantria textor, Harris, and Phalena punctatissima, S. and A.,
are supposed to be (though Harris had no idea that they were) seasonal
varieties of one and the same species of moth—a moth that comes from
the fall webworm.

In Canada we have only one brood of this species in the year, but
southward there are two generations of it. Thus Dr. Wm. Saunders
writes :

‘“‘In the northern United States and Canada there is only one brood
of this insect in the season, but in the south it is frequently double-
brooded, the first brood of the larve appearing in June, the second in
August.”—Jnsects Injurious to Fruits, p. 73.

And Dr. L. O. Howard writes :

‘In the District of Columbia and north to New York City there are
two generations annually.” = i" : = = ‘s 3

“The caterpillars of the second generation begin to make their
appearance in force in August.”—Farmers’ Bulletin No. 99, p. 20.

It is, I presume, the moths from-this second generation that Dr.
Ottolengui refers to in his “ Contribution, etc.,” in the December number
of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, pp. 358-9.

With his remarks, as to the profuse spottedness of these early moths,
agree, in part, the words of Mr. James S, Johnson, who wrote from Frank-
ford, Pennsylvania, in August, 1880, and said :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89

* Hyphantria textor (Harris) made its appearance in this locality on
May roth, and from that date to the r3th I captured 53 ¢ examples
and 10 ?.”

“On June 17th the second brood appeared, and in three days I took
ae and to ¢.”
* * * * * * *

‘In the first brood every male had the black spots on the primaries,
from a single spot on each wing to almost covered, and in some examples

a spot on the secondaries. In the second brood all were bright, not an
example with the least trace of a mark, the females in both broods entirely
white.” —Can. ENrT., vol. XIII., p. 18.

The italics in the above quotation are mine.

Mr. Johnson asked these questions: ‘“ Has the first brood, or that
which remains over winter only, the black spots? or does // fextor
alternate ?”

As far as my knowledge extends, these questions have not been
answered. No one has come forward to say, “ From eggs laid by /.
textor I have raised a brood of 7. punctatissima,” or, vice versa, “ From
eggs laid by H. punctatissima 1 have raised a brood of 7 textor.” If I
am mistaken in this I shall be glad if someone will tell me zen and
where and by whom the statement has been made.

As regards our northern examples of fextor: I have ten moths
(males and females) that I have raised at different times from fall web-
worms. Not one of them has any appearance of a spot at the base of
the second fork of the median nerve, such as is shown in “/” of Riley’s
“ Fig. 86,” in Packard’s Forest Insects, and ‘‘a” in “ Fig. 87” of the same
work.

The dimensions of the moths that come from fall webworms have
been given as follows :

Ln the New England States—One inch and a quarter to one inch
and three-eighths— Harris, /vs. /n7. to Veg., p. 358.

In Canada—One inch and a quarter—Saunders, /us. Znj. to Fruits,
P- 73: ;

In the Southern States—One inch and one-tenth—Howard, Farmers’
Bulletin No. 99 (by figures), pp. 24 and 26,

We must accept the dimensions given by these authorities as reliable.
From them it appears that the Southern specimens of moths from fall web-
worms are smaller than the rest. What the very large moths, that have

90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

been mistaken for and associated with H. textor, really are must be
determined by further careful breeding.

IIJ.—American Entomological literature is rich in synonyms, and
Dr. Dyar seems ambitious to add another to the list (see his ‘‘ Correction”
in the January number of the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST).

The following is the description of Spz/osoma prima, Slosson :

“ Size of S. virginica, but a stouter insect, body heavier and-shorter,
scarcely reaching anal angle of secondaries. Primaries sordid white,
stained with ochreous, especially along costa and inner margin, and with
scattered dots of dark brown. These are arranged almost exactly as in
some specimens of the form of H. textor, Harris, known as cunea and
punctata. The dots are much heavier and more distinct on costa, and
there is a submarginal line very plainly indicated and composed of
geminate dots on the venules. Secondaries sordid white. Abdomen
thickly clothed with white hairs, through which can be seen the yellow of
the body, with dorsal row of black spots. Palpi, cox and tibiz very
dark smoky brown, almost black.”—Za¢. Amer., V., 40 (1889).

And these are some of the points in which this insect seems to differ
from the Spilosoma taken at Quebec and believed to be the Bombyx
cunea of Drury:

S. PRIMA, SLOSSON.

Size of S. virginica.

Stouter than Virginica.

A submarginal line of geminate dots
on primaries.

Secondaries sordid white (no men-
tion of spots).

Dorsal row of black spots on abdo-
men.

Tibiz very dark smoky brown.

THE QUEBEC INSECT.

Smaller than S. wrginica.

Not so stout as Virginica.

A submarginal line of dashes and
streaks on primaries. ;

Secondaries much spotted, as in
Drury’s figure.

Five rows of black spots on abdo-
men (Drury’s figure shows dorsal
and side lines. ‘The under side
of the insect is not figured).

Tibiz white on the outside, dark

’ brown on the inner.

But supposing S. prima, Slosson, were shown to be identical with

the insect I have described, that would not prove that Phalena puncta-
tissima, S. and A., is one with B&. cunea, Drury: it would rather indicate
that we have had one more synonym in our literature than we have been
aware of.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9]

I do not know that I can say any more on the subjects that we
have had under discussion. I trust that I have written with befitting
modesty, and that I have given the reasons for my statements with suffi-
cient clearness. After weighing all that has been written, I am convinced
that Hyphantria ¢extor, Harris, zy mot one and the same with Bombyx
cunea, Drury, and that the insect I have described as cunea more closely
corresponds to Drury’s figure than any other moth, or any figure or
description that has come under my notice.

NOTE ON CYANIRIS PSEUDARGIOLUS OF BOISDUVAL AND
LE CONTE.
BY ARTHUR G. BUTLER, PH. D., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENGLAND.

In 1782, Cramer described and figured a Cyaniris (P]. CCLXX.,
figs. D, E), and incorrectly gave the Cape of Good Hope as its locality.

In his “ Rhopalocera Africe Australis,” Mr. Trimen described the
species from a single example labelled “S. Africa” in the British Museum
collection, and stated that this was the only example he had seen. In
his later work this species is ignored, Mr. Trimen having evidently
satisfied himself that it never came from any part of Africa. On looking
up the authority for the locality of the specimen mentioned by Trimen in
our oldest ‘‘ Register of Accessions,” I find it entered as ‘‘ P. Zadon, Cram.,
n., S. Africa?” the locality having evidently been entered on Cramer’s
authority.

As a matter of fact, Cramer’s insect is undoubtedly Cyaniris
pseudargiolus, which it necessarily supersedes, and our reputed African
example is a large specimen of the form marginata, rather less suffused
than usual on the under surface.

It is always inconvenient to alter the names of well-known and
abundant species, but under the circumstances I do not see how it can
be avoided in the present instance: it will perhaps have one advantage —
as C. pseudargiolus is not half so nearly related to C. argio/us as it is to
the Sikhim species, C. di/ectus, an inappropriate name is suppressed.

A NEW OAK-GALL FROM NEW MEXICO.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Dryophanta. Portere, n. sp.—Q. Length, 2% mm.; very dark
brown ; cheeks, tibiz more or less, tarsi, and antenne except tips, clear
ferruginous ; smooth and shining, parapsidal grooves distinct ; head trans-
versely quadrate, broader than long; antennz 13-jointed, 13 a little longer
than 11 and 12, 3 about a third longer than 4 (3 about 200 p, 4 about
150 p, 13 about 180 y); scutellum prominent; ovipositor rather long,
ferruginous, its apical portion with six rings, counting the apex as one;

92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

wings delicately hairy., marked with blackish, nervures suffused with black,
marginal nervure almost but not quite attaining the costa at its distal end;
a suffused black cloud beneath the end of the marginal cell, a double one
in the apical field, a small and indistinct one beyond the apex of the mar-
ginal cell, and a faint cloud on the lower part of the wing.

Gad/.—On under side of leaf of Quercus undulata (true undudata, not
Gambelii), on each side of midrrb, sometimes as many as eight on a leaf;
galla thin-shelled depressed sphere, light ferruginous, rather shiny, smooth,
surface microscopically tessellate, basal portion with a thin i inconspicuous
pubescence.

Hab.—Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M., Jan., 1900 (Miss Wilmatte
forter ). Fly emerged Jan. 30. I had taken the galls to be those of D.
glabra, Gillette, which I found in Wet Mountain Valley, Colorado, on
leaves of Quercus Gambelit. The fly, however, proves quite different
from that of g/abra, and more nearly allied toD. pulchripennis, Ashm., and
D. bella (Bassett). From both of these it differs. by the 13-jointed antenne ;
from pulchripennis also by its dark colour, from de//a by the much smaller
galls. The only other western Dryophanta which has 13-jointed antenne
in the 2 is YD. mudbila (Bassett), but this has densely hairy galls.

PYRAMEIS HUNTERA, N. VAR. FULVIA.
BY G. M. DODGE, LOUISIANA, PIKE CO., MISSOURI.

Expanse one and six-eighths inches. It differs from the usual form
of Huntera by its smaller size, its paler colour, and by being more broadly
fulvous. The fuscous of the primaries is reduced to a black crescentic
line at end of discal cell, a dark costal border and a small patch at apex
enclosing the white spots. This apical patch is pale, and is outwardly
invaded by fulvous.

The large, somewhat crescent-shaped spot that extends from the
costa is fulvous, scarcely lighter than the surrounding parts, and is
margined, inw ardly, with a narrow black line.

On the posterior half of the wing the usual black marks are much
reduced in area.

On the secondaries the costal shades are small and pale. The border is
narrow, merely a line of crescent-shaped black spots, sharply defined by an
outer fulvous line, beyond which a series of dark spots dot the margin,
interrupting the white fringe.

Below much like typical Huntera, but paler and showing less blue.

Fulvia appears to be a spring form of Huntera, perfectly fresh
examples being taken here May 2nd to 12th. It varies slightly in
showing more or less of the dusky clouding, but its small size and pale
fulvous. primaries distinguish it at a glance from typical Huntera, in
which the apical half of the wing 1s black.

Mailed Rebar a7th, 1900.

| The @ anactiay Entomologist

VoL. XXXII. LONDON, APRIL, rgoo. No. 4
CONTENTS:
Heath—Captures of Lepidopterain Manitoba. 93 | Elwes—Cyaniris pseudargiolus, B. & L.......116
Banks— New North American Spiders........ 96 | Dyar—Life-history of Margarodes flegia...... 117
Hulst—New Species of Geometridz.......... i02 Grote — Death of Dr. O. Hofmann............ 118
Grote— Note on Gortyna erepta............. 107 Lyman—Butterflies from the Yukon..... ....119
Wright—Anthocharis flora..................108 | Grote-—Hydreecia stramentosa.......- .....- 119
Knaus—Cicindelid@ of Kansas........ Be Esto BiditorialyNCtes yas ..8 ws. 00 222 pLOSs110, DIO MeO

NOTES ON CAPTURES OF LEPIDOPTERA.
BY E. FIRMSTONE HEATH, THE HERMITAGE, CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.

A constant succession of surprises has taken place during the year
1899, owing to the absence of species and even whole genera that I have
taken in previous years in some abundance, their places being occupied
by forms new to me. I thought that the list of Manitoba Lepidoptera
by Mr. Hanham, now being published, would be fairly complete, con-
sidering the amount of material at his disposal ; but my work of last
summer, so far as I have identified the result, will add several species to
the list, and I have yet a number of specimens, about which I am in
doubt, to submit to Dr. J. B. Smith, who has very kindly undertaken the
task of naming my new things.

A few Tzeniocampas appeared at the catkins of the White poplar on
and after April 26th, but not in anything like the numbers I have seen in
other years. Besides a few a/ia, Gn., I netted one or two subterminata,
Smith, and Pachnobia salicarum, Walk. 1 had, unfortunately, neglected
to provide myself with some molasses and was unable to sugar any trees,
and had to make flying shots at my game.

I took Homoptera minerea, Gn., on May 24th, at sugar for the
first time, in two or three varieties and subsequently rather plentifully.

Acronycta illita, Smith, appeared on May 30th and subsequently.
On June 2nd I took a few things at light, including Smerinthus cerisy?,
and at sugar, Procherodes clemataria, 5. & A., of which I took one or
two more on the next few nights following.

94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

On June 6th I had a fair take at light of Sphingide—addescens,
excecatus and cerisyt.

About the 16th the genus Acronycta came out strongly, several
species coming to sugar, and the genus continued to be well represented
for several weeks, some new species being added to my collection,
including reved/ata, Smith; albarufa, Grote; Jeporina, an Old World
Species which does not appear in Smith’s list (1891) ; Aastudifera, S.& A.;
noctivaga, Grt.; superans, Gn.; modica, Walk., and od/inita, S. & A.
Thyatira scripta, Gosse, also appeared rather freely.

On the 22nd I noticed a large Sphingid hovering over my sugared
trees just at dusk, and netting it, I found it to be Ampelophaga cherilus,
Cram. On subsequent nights I secured one or two more, but it isa
most difficult insect to take, as it imbibes the sugar while on the wing,
without settling, and darts away on the tree being approached. I have
never taken this species at light, nor any other Sphingid at sugar.

On June 24th Zale horriaa, AHbn., and Hadena miseloides, Gn., came
to sugar, and a few days later Diphthera fallax, Hbn.

On July 2nd, among other things at sugar, I secured my first and
only specimen of Copadblepharon subflavidens, Grt.

The best catch I had at light was on the night of July 5th. In the
earlier hours I took WVotodonta dimidiata, H. & S.; elegans, Strk., and
stragula, Grt.; a Cerura, several Schizura, Schinia, Eubyia; Platypteryx
arcuata, Walk.; Dasylophia anguina, S. & A., and a few Arctias and
Plusias. From 1 to 2a.m.,on the 6th, Zriptogon occidentalis, Hy. Ed.,
was almost a nuisance. I believe if they had only charged together they
would have broken my windows. I have to work outside, and defy the
mosquitoes, with my lamp inside the glass. I notice that while the other
Sphingids, a/bescens, geminatus, cerisyi, excecatus and myops, appear
from ro to 11 p.m., Triptogon hardly ever shows up till after midnight.
I did not take an example of Cressonia juglandis, S. & A., which is
generally rather plentiful. The genus //usia was very sparingly rep-
resented last season. I hardly took any, the most notable catch being a
single precationis, which is a decided rarity hereabouts. Arctias were not
so abundant as usual, but I took several v/rgo, Linn., which hitherto had
been represented by a single example in my cases.

About this date several beautiful specimens of Adaria florida, Gn.,
were bottled off the window.

The genus Mamestra was well represented at both light and sugar.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95

My catch included mystica and incurva, Smith; Farnhamt, Dimmocki,
grandis, subjuncta and neoterica, Smith. In regard to ¢ucurva, Vr.
Smith tells me that the specimens in his collection come from New
Mexico, but that he cannot see any difference between them and that I
have sent. I have another specimen so named which was sent by Mr.
Hanham to, I believe, Dr. Smith for identification, but my last example
being fresher and brighter, I was not quite certain of it and sent it again.
It would appear, therefore, that this species has an extraordinary range—
from Manitoba te New Mexico—or that we have here a closely allied
and almost indistinguishable species.

The Catocalas were pretty well represented. Though I did not make
any addition of species to my collection, I took an “ Aspasza,” Strek.; the
only one I saw. Redicta came out in various degrees of mourning : from
‘‘complimentary”—almost white, to the “‘ deepest weeds ” —nearly black.
Precara, G. & R., was more plentiful than usual, so was grynea,
Cram ; while concumbens, parta and briseis were in normal quantities ;
unijuga was less plentiful.

In the early days of August I took at sugar Adzta chionanthi, S. &
A., which is, I think, an addition to our Manitoban list, and also some of
the small pale variety of Hepialus argenteo-maculatus, besides the ordi-
nary form, of course on the wing.

The Calocampas, Xylinas, Polia, etc., occurred in about their usual
numbers. I also took several Hadena plutonia, Sm., and, of course, our
allecto, Sm.

Dr. Smith tells me that I have sent him a Nonagria of a species
different to that mentioned in Mr. Hanham’s list, being smaller and
darker, and also a Cosmia, which he has received from the Yellowstone,
and which, as yet, is not described and named. The genus Hydreecia
was poorly represented Several species are generally taken here pretty
freely, including od/igua, Harv. ; rigida, Grt., and frigida, Sm., and I
have also taken we/ita, Strk. I have been sending some lately to Mr.
Hy. Bird, of Rye, N. Y., and I am pleased to find, on his authority, that
what I supposed to be ruti/a, Gn., is really the new species circum ucens,
Sm. I hope this coming season it may appear in like numbers to some
previous years.

The last moth I saw at sugar of anv value was on Oct. roth, when I
took a very good specimen of Lupsephopactes procinctus, Grt. With
the exception of one or two nights, things did not come at all freely to

96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

lights—always excepting mosquitoes, which were terrible, and very often
at sugar the moths were so wild that they would hardly allow me to get
near enough the trees to net or bottle them, and as well as I could judge,
by the faint light of my collecting lamp, one or two new species in single
examples got away from me, and left me lamenting.

Butterflies of all genera were scarce during the year. Even the
common prairie species were not so plentiful as usual. The Blues were
in much smaller numbers. Hardly a Grapta came to my sugared trees.
I saw very few P. atalanta, and not a single Vanessa californica, so
different from 1898. Even Antiopa was scarce. I did not see a single
Pieris protodice, and the Pamphilas belonging to the autumnal species
were very scarce.

Throughout the summer, at intervals of a week or ten days, my
sugared trees were visited by single specimens of Sco/iopteryx libatrix,
Linn., all freshly evolved from the pupa. With such a wide distribution,
in point of time, and irregular appearance, it is a wonder that the species
manages to reproduce itself in any number.

Ufeus plicatus, Grt., was not quite so numerous.as usual. I have
never seen it outside my house, either at light or at sugar, but I have had
in some years two or three in one evening commit suicide in my lamps.

When the examination of my captures is completed I purpose
sending a list of my novelties for insertion in the Can. ENT., as supple-
mentary to Mr. Hanham’s catalogue.

SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS.
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST END, VA.
Sergiolus bicolor, n. sp.

Length, 2, 8 mm. Cephalothorax and legs pale reddish-yellow,
mandibles and sternum scarcely darker, basal half of abdomen pale gray,
apical half and spinnerets jet black, the line separating the two slightly
convex in front; venter pale gray except the apical two-fifths, which is
black, but broadly indented by the gray in the middle. Cephalothorax
rather slender, about one and three-fourths as long as broad, plainly
longer than patella plus tibia I[V., not much narrowed in front, no trace of
a dorsal groove. Posterior eye-row plainly recurved, the P. M. E. round,
about twice their diameter apart, and about as far from the scarcely larger
P. S. E. Anterior eye-row much shorter than posterior, nearly straight,
the A..M. E. slightly smaller than P.M. E., more than their diameter

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97

. apart, and rather nearer to the slightly larger A. S. E., several stiff black
bristles in eye-region. Mandibles stout, hardly porrect, with many long,
stiff, black bristles in front ; palpi with many stout bristles, especially to-
ward tip and on the under side ; legs short and stout, metatarsus I. much
shorter than tibia I., with but few hairs ; three black spines above on
femora I. and II., none below on tibia I., one pair at tip below on tibia II.,
two pairs below on metatarsi I. and II., one pair near base, other at tip ;
hind legs with more spines on tibia, one above near base. Sternum nar-
row, broadest in middie, pointed behind. The abdomen is about twice
as long as broad, rather rounded at base and pointed at tip, slightly de-
pressed, spinnerets prominent ; epigynum small, in a reddish area, show-
ing two circular cavities connate on the middle line, each opening behind
into a dark cavity beneath the surface.

Covington, Louisiana; May. (Hugo Soltaw.)

Callilepis insularis, n. sp.

Black. Resembling C. A/uto, Bks., but legs paler (rather yellowish-
brown), the two rows of eyes closer together, the P. M. E. oval and not
half their diameter apart, A. M. E. smaller and about their diameter apart,
closer to the A. S. E.; sternum rather longer than broad, narrowed in
front and pointed behind ; abdomen depressed ; no spines under tibia nor
metatarsus I., many on hind pairs; epigynum very different from C. pluto;
a cavity rather longer than broad, slightly indented on each posterior side,
and divided by a septum, narrow at base and twice as broad near tip;
the tip not quite reaching hind border of cavity ; each side of the cavity
at base is a dark line with the tip recurved toward the middle. Length
6.5 mm.

Two specimens from Guadeloupe Isle, off California; June, 1897.
(Leland Stanford, Jr. Univ. Coll.)

Euryopis 5-maculata, n. sp. i

Length. 2, 2.7 mm. Cephalothorax black, palpi black, sternum
rather paler in the middle, mandibles yellowish, black on tips, legs pale
yellowish, with black stripes on each side of anterior cox, and a black
stripe on fore side of femora I., II., and III., and on apical part of IV.,
and on hind part of patelle and tibiz III. and IV. ; abdomen black above
and below, rather paler in middle of venter, and a pale spot on region of
epigynum ; above are five clear white spots: one on each anterior side,
one each side near middle of length, and a median one at tip just above
spinnerets, all subequal in size. Cephalothorax one and one-fourth times

98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

as long as broad, sides rounded, head high, projecting over clypeus ; eyes
subequal, posterior eye-row recurved, P. M. E. one and one-half their
diameter apart rather farther from the equal P. S. E., A. M. E. smaller,
about twice their diameter apart and scarcely so far from the barely larger
A. S. E., which latter are only slightly separated from the P. S. E., the A.
M. E. are in the upper anterior margin of the elevated head ; mandibles
small, weak, slightly divergent ; palpi large and hairy, last joint heavy ;
maxillz including labium ; sternum convex, broadest at middle, truncate
between hind coxe, legs of moderate length, IV. pair longest, no spines,
but with many scattered stiff bristly hairs, one almost spinelike, erect
near tip of patelle ; tibia III. scarcely longer than patella III. ; abdomen
nearly twice as long as broad, rounded at base, pointed behind, convex
above, and with many scattered pale hairs. Two specimens of this very
pretty and distinct species: one collected by Mr, Pratt in April, at Wash-
ington, D. C., is not quite adult ; the other taken at Falls Church, Va., in
June.

Coleosoma floridana, n. sp.; C. blanda, Keys., nec Cambr.

This is very evidently not Cambridge’s species, which has a shorter
cephalothorax, more prominent clypeus, differently marked abdomen, less
constricted, and the palpus is different. Otherwise it is similar. Keyser-
ling’s description is very good. It would seem very strange for a spider
to be described from Ceylon and then recorded from Florida without
being known from any other tropical regions. One male was collected
by Mrs. A. T. Slosson in Florida.

Argyrodes floridana, 0. sp.

Length, 2.6 mm. Cephalothorax dark brown; mandibles pale at _
base, blackish towards tips; palpi black, except pale tips; sternum
biackish ; legs pale uniform whitish ; abdomen blackish, jet black around
spinnerets, paler above ; cone pale. Cephalothorax of moderate length ;
eyes scarcely elevated ; clypeus sloping ; palpi enlarged ; sternum convex ;
legs slender, of moderate length ; abdomen very high at base, continuing
nearly straight back and at tip with a prominent blunt-pointed cone
behind, vertical to the spinnerets ; abdomen one and one-half longer than
broad, higher than broad.

One female from Punta Gorda, Florida. (Mrs. Slosson.) Readily
known by shape of abdomen, dark coloured abdomen and pale legs.
Crustulina borealts, n. Sp.

Length, ¢, 1.8 mm. Similar to C. s¢écta, but the abdomen wholly

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9g

black, the size smaller, and the femur of palpus less swollen at tip, the
two projections of the tarsus are more equal than in C- sétécta, the
P. M. E. are about their diameter apart, the small conic elevations under
femora I. and II. are not as large as in C. sticta.
Two males from Washington State, Olympia. (Trevor Kincaid.)
Our four species of this genus may be tabulated as follows:

1. Silvery spots on dorsum, cephalothorax reddish.............gu¢tata.
No silvery spots, cephalothorax nearly black....................2.
2. Abdomen yellowish, metatarsi and tarsi dark............../ascivula.
Seeuenom darker, legs uniform pales? x... s dae eee oe ene He Bs
i INESITOERCLCUISED 7) 5 2.55.5. 1a 0 hdaes gave a Gants npngUpawob tnt Ses nic wraked-e, wenie Qh CELI
EMP SITE He 9 5s, 55 /ar ae vd crag ieee ee Ne eee OL COLES

Philodromus inequipes, 0. sp.

Length, 2, 3 mm.; femur II. 1.5 mm. Cephalothorax pale yellowish,
on sides more brownish, abdomen grayish white, near tip on each side is
a short red-brown stripe. legs and palpi pale, there is a black line on the
posterior under side of the coxze, femora and tibiz of legs I. and II., on
both sides of leg III., and on the anterior under side of leg IV. The P.
M. E. are nearer to the A. S. E. than to any other eyes. The sternum is
very wide in front, and the hind cox widely separated. ‘The legs are
very long, especially the second pair. The abdomen is about one and
one-half times as long as the cephalothorax ; the sternum is very wide,
and almost as wide in front as anywhere, hind coxz separated by half
their length ; femur II. longer than the cephalothorax ; legs very long ;
body and legs closely pilose. Washington, D.C. Separated from our
other species by black lines on legs, broader sternum, and longer legs,
especially the second pair.

Runcinia californica, 0. sp.

Length, 5.5. mm. ; tibia plus patella I, 4 mm. Cephalothorax dull
yellowish, with an even straight brown stripe each side and a narrow
median one reaching only to end of pars cephalica, all connected through
the eye-region, but the ridge under the S. E. is white; clypeus with
a brown spot each side connected to a stripe that runs down the
outer side of each mandible and covers its tip; legs pale yellowish,
leg I. with an oblique mark at tip of femur, an apica] band on patella,
basal and apical bands on tibia and a preapical band on metatarsus,
brown ; leg II. with the under side of femur brown, otherwise as leg L. ;
hind legs unmarked; sternum yellowish. Abdomen yellowish, with

100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

a brown stripe on each anterior side, and a pair of brown stripes
above, which are widely separated in the middle, but united at either end;
these on the posterior sides throw off oblique marks running down the
sides; venter pale, with a brown mark before spinnerets. Femur I. much
longer than cephalothorax, which is about the length of tibia I. ; eight
pairs of spines under tibie I. and IL., pairs under metatarsi I. and
II. The M. E. form a quadrangle barely, if any, higher than. broad.
The epigynum shows a small cavity, truncate in front, bree ‘rounded
behind, and divided by a septum.

Los Angeles, California. (Davidson.)
Lipetra arizonensis, n. sp. x

Length, 4.2 mm. Pale yellowish, nearly uniform, the abdomen more
whitish yellow, no marks on the legs or anywhere else. The abdomen is
nearly as broad at basal third as it is long; in the ¢, however, much
narrower. ‘The base is broadly rounded, and the angles rather prominent,
but not humped. Seen from the side it is evenly rounded to the
spinnerets. The epigynum has a rather broad and short finger, upturned
at the tip, each side is an oval cavity uniting on. the middle. The
male tibiz I. and II. have two pairs of long spines beneath and an
apical short pair, the tip is not curved or thickened.

Arizona. (Townsend.)
Acrosoma maculata, n. sp.

Length, 2, 5.2 mm. Cephalothorax uniform dark brown, about twice
as long as broad, broadest in middle, about as broad in front as behind, a
depressed furrow slightly before the middle; legs of moderate. length ;
femur I. a little shorter than cephalothorax, legs yellowish, tibiz, patelle,
and apical half of femora [. and II., dark brown, on hind legs a brown
ring on tips of femora, patellz, tibie, and metatarsi ; abdomen about
twice as long as broad, sides slightly convex, but hardly twice as broad in
middle as at base ; at basal third above is a small conical hump or spine
each side; at apex are four conical spines, the superior. pair semi-erect, not
divergent, the inferior pair directly below superior pair, shorter, horizontal
and scarcely divergent. Abdomen black, marked with yellow spots, a
double spot each side at base, followed by four spots in a row on each
side, the apical spot being larger and having an extension upon the outer
side of the superior spines ; between the sub-basal humps is a pair of yel-
low spots, and behind them a median one transverse, toward the apex is
a pair between the third of the lateral row, and between the bases of the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 101

superior spines is a yellow mark ; the sides have small yellow spots, and
on the venter there is a curved row or stripe each side, which unite be-
yond the spinnerets ; sternum brown.

Arizona. (Townsend.) Easily distinguished from any of our other
Acrosomas, but nearly allied to 4. mitrata, Hentz.

Habrocestum signatum, n. sp.

6 .—Length, 4.5 mm. Cephalothorax brown, clothed with red hair
on clypeus, gray on eye-region, on side margins, and on each side behind
leaving a median nearly black stripe. Abdomen clothed with gray hair
above, with a curved brown stripe each side uniting at apex, and near
there connected by several faint dark chevrons; near base is a median
diamond-shaped dark brown mark, touching each stripe. Legs pale
yellowish, a dark spot at tip of the patella, leg I. more reddish, the
femora with several bunches of short black hair on under side near tip,
nearly fully the length under the patella and tibia, on latter broad and
heavy, especially at base, where there are black scale-like hairs (no bunch
above on tibia as in-/7. hirsutum); elsewhere the legs are clothed with
long white hair. Patella III. not modified, but nearly as long as tibia
III. Under side of body clothed with gray hair. The spider, when dry,
has a general hoary appearance. The female which appears to belong
to this species is 6 mm. long; it has a dark cephalothorax clothed with
gray and yellowish hair ; clypeus white with a white fringe on margin and
over eyes ; legs pale yellowish, darker on outside of tibia and metatars! ;
dorsum of abdomen dark brown, a median pale irregular stripe
on posterior half, and each side the pale runs up in an_ oblique
manner; venter pale. The palpus of male much on the style of 4.
hirsutum, but with the stylet not near as long and the projection from
tibia more acute; at base there is a stiff bristle-like projection or hair,
which lies across the base of the bulb.

Los Angeles, Calif. (Davidson.)

Scius cinctipes, n. sp.

Length, 3.7 mm. Cephalothorax black, two large oblique red-brown
spots behind the eye-region, nearly touching on the middle line, clothed
above with white hairs, more yellowish in front; mandibles yellowish
brown; legs yetlowish, banded most distinctly from below with brown ; one
on anterior femora, two on hind femora, one on patelli, one on tibiz,
two on metatarsi, and one on hind margin of hind coxe ; palpi also
banded. Abdomen pale grayish, with many brown spots of irregular

102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

shape, a median brown stripe, interrupted at posterior third, with two
projections each side, the posterior one often connected to the side
markings ; on the posterior third the abdomen is mostly brown, with a few
pale chevrons ; sides brown, with rows of pale dots; venter pale, with
brown spots and a brown central stripe; superior spinnerets brown,
others pale ; sternum pale, dark on sides. Cephalothorax low and flat,
projecting over the mandibles, about one and one-fourth times as long as.
broad, broadest slightly behind dorsal eyes ; eye-region a little broader
behind than in front, one and three-fourths times as broad as long,
occupying about two-fifths ‘of the cephalothorax ; M. E. very large and
nearly touching; S. E. well separated from them and a little above,
dorsal eyes equal to S. E., those of second row a trifle nearer to S. E. ;
legs short, femur I. very stout, IV. pair longest and most slender, meta-
tarsus I. no longer than tarsus I., three pairs of spines under tibie I., one
under metatarsus I., fore coxa separated by width of lip; sternum
pointed behind, about twice as long as broad. The epigynum shows a
cavity twice as broad as long, evenly convex behind, biconcave in front,
the sides pointed. Baton Rouge, Louisiana; May. (H. Soltaw.)

SOME NEW SPECIES OF GEOMETRID.
BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y:
Tephroclystis plumbaria, n. sp.

Belongs to the absinthiata group, and is close to that species. Ofa
blackish fuscous colour, wings broad and rounded, lines faint, parallel
with outer margin, evenly scalloped, the outer one most distinct and
whitish. Costa with small black spots at beginning of the lines ; discal
spots on fore wings black, lengthened, on hind wings black points. Be-
neath lighter, smoother, the lines showing more evenly, more broadly and
lighter. Dist. of Columbia, taken July 5th. Type number, in National
Museum, 4701.

Tephroclystis Bolterti, n. sp.

Expands 21 mm. Palpi porrect long, heavy, dark fuscous; front
dark fuscous ; thorax fuscous gray ; abdomen dark fuscous ; fore wings
narrow, pointed, light gray, somewhat fuscous, stained with a number of
indeterminate wavy darker parallel cross lines, these showing more clearly
at costa ; discal spot black, lengthened, with black dash above on costal
vein; three black dashes outside, beyond cell; median vein black lined
and connecting with discal spct; an extra discal cross line of venular .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103

black dashes, and indications of cross lines along inner margin; discal
spots faint ; beneath nearly colour above, fore wings with fuscous shadings
along costa and on anterior half, the hind wings with corresponding
shading on anterior margin.

Texas ; from Mr. A. Bolter.

Lephroclystis lachrymosa, nv. sp.

Expands 24 mm. Palpi short, light ; these, with front, thorax, and
abdomen, blackish fuscous ; wings broad, rounded, loosely scaled, dark
sordid fuscous, very slightly broken into indeterminate lines; two or
three lines of short black dashes across fore wings, beyond cell, and a
pretty clear submarginal white line parallel with the outer edge; discal
spots diffuse, black; hind wings lighter basally ; discal spots faint,
blackish ; beneath lighter fuscous, the colour above showing brokenly on
costa and apex of fore wings, and outwardly on hind wings, there showing
in rounded lines ; discal spots black.

Oregon.

Tephroclystis plenoscripta, 0. sp.

Palpi very short ; these, with front, thorax, and abdomen, light gray;
the abdomen much darker on the two anterior segments ; fore wings over-
laid with black scales running into groups of parallel lines, those basally
rounded, angulate, not very distinct, the middle ones with a sharp, strong
angle at discal point, another inwardly at median vein, then outwardly
at vein 2, and then wavy to inner margin ; outer space with lines sub-
parallel with margin ; the veins black pointed, with two whitish lines, the
inner smooth, broadish, the outer finer, subdentate ; discal spots distinct,
black ; hind wings with darker scales outwardly and along inner margin,
the lines showing on inner space ; discal spots faint ; beneath fuscous to
light gray, the lines showing more broadly, especially on anterior half of
fore wings.

Yellowstone Park, Wy., July 8-15. National Museum, type No.
4702.

Lephroclystis tenebrescens, 0. sp.

Expands 28 mm. Much like preceding species, palpi longer and
heavier, and the insect considerably larger ; colour more even fuscous
gray, with a slightly brownish tint, with lines, except submarginal white
line, less distinct, and only indicated by dark shadings on veins; sub-
marginal line quite distinct, whitish, evenly scalloped between the veins ;
hind wings concolorous with fore wings, the lines indicated only by

104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

shadings ; all discal spots present, black ; beneath fuscous gray, even, an
extra discal cross line, rather broad, showing on hind wings ; discal spots
present, black.

Texas.

Philereme nigrescens, Ni. sp.

Size and general form of /. californiata, Pack., but with fore wings
of a clear even black gray, two cross lines of extra discal whitish venular
dots, and a broken submarginal scalloped white line ; hind wings blackish
gray outwardly, becoming lighter basally ; beneath even dark blue-gray,
a broad, slightly lighter line ‘extra discally on hind wings.

Oregon. BS
HHydriomena amorata, Nn. sp.

Size and lines very much as in 4. custodiata, Guen. The fore
wings, however, are more pointed, the hind wings somewhat wavy edged,
the middle band of the fore wings with a reddish shading, becoming in
some specimens bright reddish brown; beneath very light, the cross
band hardly showing except at costay the apex shaded with reddish
brown, the hind wing black, shaded outwardly with indistinct lines.

S. California.

Canocalpe cenonymphata, 0. sp.

Expands 25-28 mm. Front and antennez fuscous brown, the thorax
and abdomen lighter; palpi short, rather stout, fuscous brown, blackish
on end; fore wings fuscous brown on anterior half, fuscous ochre on
posterior half and basally, the calour of the costa broken by three spots
of the posterior colour, the outer continued in a broad cross line with the
posterior colour, enclosing a subquadrate darker space, the line or band
apparently returning around the spot to costa. Apex dark, in triangular
shape; hind wings fuscous ochre, a shade darker basally on first third,
showing the darker under side ; beneath fore wings marked as above, but
darker, the broad outer line rectangularly bent at vein 4, the posterior
angle being fuscous ochre, the costa being marked with reddish brown ;
hind wings very much darker than above, with broad light coloured cross
lines at middle, nearly white, with rectangular sinus outward below discal
spot, which is large and whitish ; outer half mixed with reddish ; marginal
space rather lighter.

Pasadena and Yosemite Valley, Cal. Very closely resembling in
general appearance some forms of Cenonympha ochracea, Edw.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105

Synelys pergracilis, n. sp.

Expands 29 mm. Fore wings rusty white, basal line black, sinuous,
distinct, beginning about one-third length of wing out, running very
obliquely to near base on inner margin; middle field dull white;
discal spot pure white, oval; outer field brown, less so towards apex ;
outer line black, sharp, unevenly sinuous, very oblique ; this is followed
by a light, even, rather broad, andanother submarginal light line, evenly
and regularly scalloped; a row of marginal black points; hind wings
corresponding with fore wings in lines and colour, the basal line very close
to base, the outer black line beyond discal point; on both fore and hind
wings the outer black line is edged with reddish outwardly ; beneath
light ochreous, the fore wings stained somewhat with fuscous.

South Florida.

Lois Crossti, n. sp.

Expands 16 mm. Head and thorax in front, yellow ; thorax behind,
and abdomen, reddish violet, the abdomen interlined with yellow ; fore
wings reddish violet, base and costa yellow, the basal part mixed with
violet, the wings crossed with three faint irregular tremulous and angulate
lines ; hind wings reddish violet, with lines as in fore wings ; beneath,
reddish pink.

Florida ; from Mr. Edward Winslow Cross, in whose honour I name
this insect.

Lois purpurascens, Ni. sp.

Expands 15 mm. Fore and hind wings of a bright rust colour,
the outer margins with a broad band, purple in colour, somewhat broader
at apex ; the wings are crossed by about three faint indeterminate cross
lines of a deeper red or red-purple colour; the fore wings have the
basal half of costa yellowish, the base being purple; thorax yellow ;
abdomen purple.

Cocoanut Grove, Fla. National Museum, type number 4699. The
head and part of the abdomen of the type are gone, but the wings
are fresh and clear, and the insect is a very distinct one.

Nemoria Dyariz, n. sp.

Expands about 16 mm. Front and collar orange red ; thorax green,
_ yellowish behind ; abdomen yellowish, washed with violet red above ;
wings deep yellowish green, on anterior and outer margins edged with
reddish violet, the costa and fringes being of this colour ; the fore wings
have indications of cross lines basal and outer, these faint, broken and

4

LOb6 tHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

irregular; corresponding lines also indicated on hind wings; beneath,
much lighter yellowish green, the edges of the wings reddish, the base of
fore wings also washed with the same colour. Either from L. I., N. Y., or
from Dist. Colum.; collection of Dr. H.G. Dyar, to whom I dedicate it.
National Museum, type No. 4700.
Cymatophora evagaria, 0. sp. .

Expands 26-29 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen light ochre, the
abdomen more yellowish ; fore wings light ochre washed with fuscous,
this being heavier on the outer third; costa very much rounded, es-
pecially at apex, outer edge falcate ; faint indications of cross lines, three
in number, showing especially in fuscous at costa ; hind wings light ochre,
slightly fuscous washed ; beneath as above, the markings more decided,
and lines faintly showing on hind wings.

Wis., Minn., Ont.

Selidosema delicatum, n. sp.

Expands 38-40 mm. Palpi smoky ; front and thorax light ochre or
dull white ; abdomen dull white with black scales intermingled ; fore
wings light ochre, with scattered black scales, these thickest basally, and
outwardly forming two broad, uneven bands, the outer one with three
sinuses outward; an indeterminate submarginal band parallel with
margin; hind wings like fore wings, but lacking the basal band; the
outer band on all wings has a violet tinge ; beneath dull white, the
markings above reproduced, but less distinctly. -

In a female before me, the markings on the wings are somewhat
more distinct and pronounced than in the ¢ ; the submarginal line ts
blackish, dentate, quite distinct ; it is also considerably darker on the
under side.

Wilson’s Peak, Cal., Sept. 26; from Mr. Kemp.

Therina lugubrosa, 0. sp.

With the lines and size of 7: fervidaria, var. somniaria, Hulst., but
of an even, dark, soft, smoky, fuscous colour, the middle field somewhat
lighter, the lines scarcely darker than the ground colour, the inner
inwardly and the outer outwardly edged with light ochre colour;
beneath nearly the same colour, but more indistinct.

Rossland, Brit. Colum. I have a number of specimens which are
quite uniform. It is quite likely, however, it may be ultimately found to
be a variety of Z. fervidaria, Hubn. _

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107

Therina leta, n. sp.

Expands 27 mm. Smaller than any other Zzerina, the colour
very nearly the shade of Z: /fisce//aria, WWalk.; inner line straight,
the outer angled below costa; hind wings with line straight; fore
wings even on outer margin; beneath lighter, unicolorous.

N. Mex.

Stenaspilates albidula, n. sp.

Expands 38-40 mm. Very much in lines like S. Meskearza, Pack.,
but ground colour nearly white, and other markings very much lighter,
and the insect is considerably larger; the margins of the wings differ in
being almost entirely even in outline.

Colo., N. Mexico. National Museum, type No. 4698.

Caberodes subochrearia, 0. sp.

Expands 42 mm. Muchas C. confusaria, Hubn., in ground colour,
but with reddish brown cross lines, the basal evenly rounded, the outer
angled at costa, then straight to inner margin, nearly joining the basal
line there ; a single line on hind wings, this being a continuation of the
basal, not the outer line; beneath more reddish brown, the outer line
present on fore wings, this being doubled at costa ; the line of hind wings
wanting ; discal spots present above and below on all wings.

New Jersey; from Mr. Kemp. I have the female only, so the
generic determination may not be correct.

NOTE ON GORTYNA EREPTA.
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.

This species was described from material collected by Prof. Snow in
Douglas Co., Kansas, and the type is in Coll. British Museum. It is now
suspected that Gortyna erepta may be the same species with Hydrecia
/unata, and it is to be regretted that an opportunity of examining the
type in British Museum Coll. has been passed over. The appearance of
the reniform is characteristic in this genus. In ereffa it is described as
‘small, a white half-moon in a blackish shade.” In /unata, ‘ narrow,
white oblique lunule, margined by black scales.” The reniform spot thus
seems to be identically described in both cases. In ereffa the lines are
described as fuscous, simple. In /wzata as single and whitish. I never
saw a noctuid in which the lines were white or paler than the wing, but
there is a following pale shade which sometimes persists when the dark
line itself becomes obliterate. It seems as though this discrepancy

108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

might be explained away. In the Revised Check List of 1890 the
position given to evefta is about the same with that accorded elsewhere
to Zunata. In the Washington Catalogue it is doubted whether all the
species referred to Gortyna or Hydrecia really belong there; but this
doubt is greatly dispelled. by the recent revision of Hydrecia, in
important part, from Mr. Bird’s material and correct determinations. The
species are all referred to Hydrecia, but the doubt is retained alone for
the unidentified species evefta. But if now evepta were the same species
with /unata, the doubt must ultimately disappear, while in being able to
refer evepta as a synonym to /unata, a difficulty for the revisionist could
be finally removed.

-

ANTHOCHARIS FLORA.

On page 283 of Holland’s Butterfly Book, as to Anthocharis
Flora, are written the words, “The plates give figures of the types.” This
is an error. No Eastern man ever saw the types. They are now, and
always have been, in my cabinet, and never were out of my possession a
moment, and. moreover, have never Been copied or figured. At the time
I published #/ora, I sent a pair to Dr. Scudder, and another pair to Mr.
W. H. Edwards, typical perhaps they might be called, and these latter
are doubtless the ones copied by the Rev. Dr. Holland ; but as Vora is
quite constant as compared with some other members of the genus, the
error may be of technical rather than serious importance.

W. G. WriGut, San Bernardino, Cal.

We beg to offer our hearty congratulations to Miss ELEANOR A.
OrMEROD upon the distinguished honour that has been conferred upon her.
In recognition of her eminent services in Economic Entomology, the
University of Edinburgh has offered her the degree of LL. D. This dis-
tinction is the more remarkable inasmuch as it is the first time in its
history that this University has bestowed a degree upon a woman.
Certainly they could not have broken their ancient traditions in favour of
a more deserving person. No one in Great Britain has done more use-
ful and important work for the benefit of the whole community, and has
laboured more unselfishly for the good of others, than our greatly
esteemed friend Miss Ormerod.

ERRATUM.—Page 87 (March, 1900), 12th line from bottom, for

congrua read cunea. 5

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109

a SSS et

THE CICINDELIDA OF KANSAS.
BY WARREN KNAUS, MCPHERSON, KANSAS.

One of the most popular families among the Co/eoptera to the
student and collector is that of the Cvcindelide. Generally bright
coloured and handsomely marked, quick to take flight and rapid runners,
it requires some skill and considerable patience to become a successful
hunter of the “tiger” beetle. Their capture is generally attended with
considerable personal discomfort, as their favourite haunt is the muddy
bank of a stream, the hot sand bar or dune, or the burning flat of a salt
marsh, from which the noon-tide breezes on a July or August day seem to
remind one of the temperature of the home of the evil-doer in the here-
after. It is in the hottest part of the day, from 10 a. m. to 3 p. m., that
most species of this family appear in the open.

The first collector of Kansas tiger beetles was endpabrediy that
notable entomologist, Thomas Say, who crossed the plains of Kansas in
1822 or 1823. At the base of the Rocky Mountains he found a single
specimen of the noblest “tiger” of them all, which he afterwards de-
scribed as Amblychila cylindriformis. For the past twenty-five years, or
from 1873 or 1874, the homes of the Kansas tiger beetle have been de-
spoiled by such noted collectors as Cooper, Williston, Snow, Brous,
Popenoe, Dyche, Ashton, and others of lesser fame, not to speak of the
eastern collectors who have ranged over the State along the lines of the
principal railways.

In his paper on the ‘‘ Habits of the American Cicindelide,” Mr. H.
F. Wickham, of Iowa City, Ia., refers to the Kansas collectors as follows :
“Perhaps the tiger beetles of Kansas and the adjacent States have
received more biographical attention than those of any other portion of
the continent, and we find articles treating of their lives from the pens of
Profs. Snow and Popenoe, Dr. Williston, Messrs. Cooper, Brous, Knaus,
and Jones.” My own collections in this family began in 1880, and each
year has added to the knowledge of specific habits and haunts.

That Kansas, with her wooded streams, undulating plains, wide
stretches of sand and baré-saline deposits, is the favourite resort of the
Cicindelidz, is shown by the number of species and their varieties in the
cabinets of Kansas collectors. In my own collection are thirty species and
varieties, all from well-authenticated Kansas localities.

First on the list comes Amélychila cylindriformis, Say, from the clay
bluffs south-west of and near Wallace. ‘This large and very desirable

110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

species was first taken in this locality in the summer of 1876, by Dr. S. W.
Williston and H. A. Brous, then members of a Yale College Geological
Expedition. The following season several hundred specimens were taken
by Prof. Snow and his party of the State University, and distributed to
the entomological cabinets of America and Europe. ‘This species has
not since been taken very abundantly. I have visited this locality about
July 1st for two or three seasons, and found about a dozen specimens.
The best results in collecting can be had in the early part of a warm, still
evening. By the light of a lantern they can be found walking near the base
of or along the sides of clay banks. They are seldom seen before sunset
in the evening or after sunrise in the morning. But few specimens of this
species have been taken outside of Wallace and Gove Counties. Prof. F.
W. Cragin, then of Washburn College, Topeka, Kansas, reported finding
one dead specimen in the upper valley of the Medicine Lodge Creek, near
Sun City, Barber County. From my observations in this locality, it 1s
doubtful if additional specimens will ever be found there.

Tetracha virginica, Linn., is found,in Eastern, South-eastern, Central
and South-western Kansas. I have taken it during July in the southern
part of Woodson County, and in the same month in Republic County ;
and in Rice, and Barber Counties in August, and in Saline County in
July. It is found under stones in dried-up watercourses, in mud cracks,
in sloughs and draws during the day, and in the early evening it can be —
found running over the ground, being crepuscular in its habits.

Cicindela Belfragei, Sallé, is found in the valley cf the Smoky Hill
River, near Salina, and in the Kansas Valley, near Manhattan. -I first
took it in a sod cornfield on first river bottom six miles south-east of
Salina, about July r5th. I found the best time to collect was mid-afternoon.
On coming near the insects they would break from cover and run rapidly,
but could be easily taken by the hand. Later in the evening they could
be found running along sandy roads near the river bank. ‘The species is
not at all common, a dozen specimens constituting a successful afternoon’s
work or catch. Prof. E. A. Popenoe has taken this species on bottom
land near Manhattan, and it has also been taken near Lawrence.

C. cursitans, Lec., kas been taken by Prof. Popenoe in the Repub-
lican Valley in Clay County. It is ant-like in size and is a difficult species
to collect.

C. obsoleta, Say, occurs in South-west Kansas. I have a single
specimen, taken August 12th, about twenty miles south-east of Coolidge.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. eet

Prof. Popenoe has taken it near Meade, Kansas, and Geo. F. Cooper
records it near Sargent (Coolidge).

The green variety, C. prasina, Lec., is associated with odsoleta, both
occurring sparingly.

C. scutel/aris, Say, occurs on sandy ground and sand dunes from
Manhattan to the western part of the State. I have taken it sparingly at
Manhattan in June, but have found it most abundant in the range of sand
hills near Medora, Reno County. It can be found from May the rst to
-the middle of June. It is a handsome little species, flies quickly and
affords good sport to effect its capture. It prefers scant vegetation to the
bare sand, and can be found from ro a. m. to 4 p. m.

The variety Zecontei, Hald., I have found associated with scute//aris
on sand patches near Manhattan and in sand “blow-outs” on the
Republican River, south of Superior, Nebraska. I also took two or three
specimens among the sand hills near Medora. ‘They are rather shy and
are not common.

C. pulchra, Say, is reported by Prof. Williston as being exceedingly
abundant in South-west Kansas, and also along the line of the Union
Pacific Railway from Hayes to Wallace. I found one specimen near
Coolidge on July 27th. It is the only one I saw in a day’s collecting.
Prof. Popenoe has taken it near Wallace in July, but in several seasons’
collecting there I have never seen one alive ; have, however, seen the re-
mains of two or three dead specimens under cattle chips. I am inclined
to think if it is abundant it is in the months of May or June, August or
September.

C. sexguttata, Fab., is reported by Prof. Popenoe as being common
in Eastern Kansas, frequenting sunny roads and paths in woodlands. I
have never taken it in Eastern Kansas, and his reference is principally to
the variety vio/acea, Fab., which is without spots and is generally green,
although some specimens are a deep blue. It can hardly be said to be
common, and is rather difficult to capture owing to its occurrence along
wood roads and paths. I have taken it sparingly at Manhattan, and a
friend at Onaga, north-east of Manhattan, takes from ten to fifty each
season, from May to July. I have also taken a few specimens near
Benedict in South-eastern Kansas in June. The present season my
friend, J. R. Meade, of Wichita, sent me a beautiful specimen which he
took July 7th in a willow thicket just south of the city. This is probably
the south-western limit of this species in Kansas. A. W. Jones, of

1d2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Salina, has taken one specimen of sexguttata a few miles south-east of
Salina, near the Smoky Hill River.

C. purpurea, Oliv., is found over Eastern and Central Kansas, along
clay and red sandy roads. I have found it in South-east Kansas at Man-
hattan, Kansas, and near Salina; at the latter place in August and
September along roadside cuts’ through a red sandstone soil. It is.
usually associated with its variety, sA/endida, and an. occasional
Audubonti and graminea. ‘The black variety, Auduboniz, Lec., is found
but sparingly with the true species. In all my years of collecting I have
found but a singlespecimen. That was taken in the latter part of August,
about five miles north of Salina. Prof. Popenoe has a few specimens
taken near Manhattan, and A. W. Jones has two or three taken south-
west of Salina a few miles. The green variety, C. graminea, Schaupp, is
apparently as infrequent in this State as Audubonii. I have taken buta
single specimen that can be recognized as graminea. It is a male and
was taken near Salina. A. W. Jones has also taken a few graminea in
this locality. Persistent yearly collecting along the eastern outcrop of
the Dakota sandstone formation in Central Kansas may in the future de-
velop localities where these two varieties may be'taken in comparative
abundance.

The variety sf/endida, Hentz, I have found in Wilson, Saline
and Reno Counties, and Popenoe has collected it in Riley and
Shawnee Counties. I have taken it near Salina as early as February
and. as late as October. Localities are the same as for purpurea, and
usually associated with the typical species, but more abundant. Have
found a single specimen only in Reno County, ona dry sand dune, asso-
ciated with scuted/aris.

C. formosa, Say, occurs from Central Kansas westward in Arkansas
Valley and northward in Republican River Valley. I have taken it
in May west of Brockville and in Saline County, south of Superior,
Nebraska, in the latter part of May and in the first of June, and in
Reno County in May and the first of June. Its favourite breeding

ground is in the scant grass and weeds near the edges of sand dunes
‘and “blow-outs.” It has to be approached with care and handled
quickly, as it takes alarm easily and is a strong flier. In Saline
County it was associated with scuted/aris ; near Superior with scutellaris
and Lecontei, and near Medora with scutellaris and venusta, In this

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LS

locality the species occur in the proportion usually of three scute//aris to
two formosa and one venusta.

C. venusta, Lec., usually considered a variety of formosa, is claimed
to be a valid species by Mr. H.C. Fall, of Pasadena, California. Mr.
Fall bases his conclusion on habits and secondary sexual characters, and
is undoubtedly correct in his claim.

I have taken it for a number of years in the sand hills near Medora,
associated with scute//aris and formosa, as noted above. It is found, how-
ever, much nearer the pools at the bottom of sand “ blow-outs ” than
either of these species. I also took a single specimen of venusta on the
clay bluffs south of the Smoky Hill River at Wallace, Kansas, in July.

C. fulgida, Say, is reported from Western Kansas, in the valley of
the Smoky Hill River, but I have only taken it along the edges of the salt
marsh three miles west of Kackley, in Republic County. The present
season I found it in numbers on July 7th. The height of its season is
probably from June 2oth to July roth. It is taken with fogata and cir-
cumpicta, and flies more quickly, but does not run so rapidly as these
species. The red markings of some of the specimens had become almost
black.

C. vulgaris, Say, occurs over Eastern and Central Kansas. I find it
in abundance in Reno County, associated sometimes with formosa and
scutel/aris, and at other times with repanda and hirticol/is ; usually found
on higher and more sandy localities than repanda.

C. repanda, Dej., is found in all parts of the State, along mud banks
and along the bottoms of dry pools.

The variety 72-guttata, Dej., is found over Eastern Kansas, but not
so abundantly as repanda or vulgaris. I have taken it at Manhattan,
near Osage City, on mud at bottom of coal strippings in June, and the
present season I[ found a single specimen September 17th, ‘under a stone
on a shallow on the Verdigris River, near Benedict, Wilson County. A.
W. Jones has also taken it near Salina.

C. hirticollis, Say, is reported at Lawrence and Topeka, by Prof.
Popenoe as common on sand bars at Topeka. I have taken it August
16th, on sand bar in Arkansas River at Dodge City. The specimens were
. large and elytral markings wide. The present season I found it on May
27th, on wet bed of pools at bottom of sand “ blow-outs,” three miles
south-west of Medora. It was found only in one locality, associated with
vulgaris and repanda.

114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

C. punctu/ata, Kab., is common all over the State, May, June, and
July, and still later in the season. I find it each season at McPherson, at
the electric lights; some of the specimens approaching. the variety
micans in colourings. The green and blue variety, micans, Fab., occurs
in the valleys of the Smoky Hill and Arkansas Rivers, in West Kansas.
I have collected it sparingly near Wallace and Coolidge. At Wallace it
is found more frequently on the mud of dry pools ands moist mud,
associated with punctuldata.

C. cuprascens, Lec., is found in Lawrence, Topeka, Hutchinson and
Rooks Counties, on sand bars and on banks of streams, according to
Prof. Popenoe. I have taken but a single specimen.on a salt marsh near
Fredonia, Kansas, in June. Also taken occasionally at electric light at
McPherson in June and July.

C. macra, Lec., | have taken at Great Spirit Springs, in Mitchell
County, in July, and also on sand bar of Solomon River, near Kirwin,
Kansas. It occurs at electric lights in Lawrence and Topeka, and I
find a few each year in the electric lights in McPherson.

C. sperata, Lec. A variety of this species occurs on the wet mud
near the water’s edge of streams flowing through salt marshes. I took
my first specimens in July, 1885, at the Great Spirit Springs. The past
four seasons I have taken this variety in great abundance on the salt
marsh near Kackley. During the hottest part of the day they fairly
swarm over the hot, steaming mud, a single throw from the net often
taking a half-dozen specimens. The variety taken in Kansas is different
from that taken in Texas and New Mexico. The Kansas salt marshes
probably mark its northern limit.

C. lepida, Dej., occurs sparingly throughout Kansas, from east to
west, along the Arkansas River. Prof. Snow takes it at Lawrence at the
arc lights, and it is taken in Topeka in the same way. It also occurs at
Manhattan, and I found a single specimen August 16th on a sand bar
near Dodge City.

C. cicumpicta, Laf., I first met with in Kansas on a salt marsh near
Fredonia in June. This saline deposit is in South-east Kansas, and
marks the south-east limits of this species in the United States. I have
since taken it in numbers on saline deposits in Cloud, Mitchell,
Republic, Stafford and Kiowa Counties, from June to August. It is
more common around the edges of saline deposits, where there is some
vegetation for shelter. During the hottest parts of the day, and also on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15

cool days, this species will congregate under cow chips and other places
of shelter. The colours vary, more commonly bronze. frequently green,
and less frequently blue ; the elytral markings are also variable.

C. togata, Laf., occurs with the above species in all localities except
on the salt marshes in Kansas, near Fredonia. It continues a little later
in the season than circumpicta and is more difficult to capture, and it is
also more commonly found on the bare open saline soil. Both the above
species have long legs, are swift runners and quick fliers; the flight of
circumpicta being more sustained than that of fogata. The ¢ogatas taken
near Kackley, in Republic County, have recently been described by Dr.
W. Horn, of Berlin, Germany, under the varietal name of Afica/ts.

The following is a translation of Dr. Walther Horn’s description :

“ Cicindela togata, Laf., var. apicalis, differs from the type by
its greater size, more robust form, eyes Jess prominent, head and thorax
very often much thicker; each apex of the elytra in the female much less
rounded (the sutural spine a little retracted), in the male more acuminate ;
sculpture denser, the punctures sometiines here and there confluent ; the
markings brownish yellow and narrower. Length, 1144-1214 mm.”

“ This form (var. apicalis) of C. togata is specially remarkable from
the striking shape of the apex of the wing-cases. The row of fossulz
along the suture is much less prominent. The sculpturing of the
wing-cases is distinctly more dense, the punctures are sometimes to a
considerable degree confluent (they remain always more distant from
each other at the very base and at the apex). The differences in the
width of the prothorax are specially great in the ¢ specimen.”

“ Though the specimens before me show no variation at all consider-
able in the shape of the apex of the wing-cases, I have, nevertheless,
decided to describe them only as a race of C. fogata, as this character
is very little constant in the whole genus Cicindela. Twenty years ago
my illustrious colleague, Dr. George Horn, tried to separate as species
the three forms, cuprascens, macra, puritana, using much slighter
variations of the same character. [I cannot, however, agree in this
view. The differences stated are most variable, as well as the sculp-
turing of the wing-cases, the pattern, etc. The lateral emargination
before the apex of the 2 of C. puritana is sometimes less sharp than in
C. macra. and the latter has often its apex (2) quite as much truncated.
Besides, C. cuprascens is far less constant. Especially in the 4,
transitions are frequent. I can therefore hold C. puritana, Horn,

116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and macra, Lec., as being only varieties (races) of C. cuprascens.”—
(Entomologische Nachrichten, Berlin, Jahrgang xxiii. (1897), No. 2,
Seite 17-20.)

Kansas has two remarkable collecting localities for Cicindelide :
the salt flat near Kackley, and the sand hills south-west of Medora, in
Reno County. At the former locality, from July rst to the rsth, can be
found TZetracha virginica, Cicindela fulgida, punctulata, sperata var.,
circumpicta and togata. At the latter locality, from May rst to June rst,
occur Crcindela scutellaris, Lecontet, splendida, formosa, venusta, vulgaris,
repanda, hirticollis and punctulata.

To the thirty species and varieties herein enumerated as occurring
in Kansas, other species will from time to time be added, as collectors
more thoroughly explore Western Kansas.

CYANIRIS PSEUDARGIOLUS, BOISDUVAL AND LECONTE.
BY H. J. ELWES, F. R. S., COLESBORNE, CHELTENHAM, ENGLAND.

Mr. Butler’s proposal to alter the well-known and universally
accepted name of this species to C. Zadon is one against which I must
enter my strongest protest. Whatever species Cramer’s figure may have
been intended to represent, it certainly, in my copy, is not in the least
like pseudargio/us, and even if it were like it, it is impossible now to say
what C. /adon was. I will go further and say that evenif it were possible
now to prove that C. Zadon was the same as pseuwdargio/us, the attempt to
enforce the strict rule of priority in such a case as this would be contrary
to good sense, and detrimental to the uniformity of nomenclature to
which we hope some day to attain. Entomologists as well as botanists
are now beginning to realize the impossibility of adapting the old rules of
nomenclature to cases like this; and though I have little fear that any
one is likely to follow Mr. Butler, yet it is just as well to let American

Entomologists know that his dictum carries no authority in Europe.
Pseudargiolus is certainly a much more appropriate name than dadon,
because it indicates the near affinity of the American species to C.
argtolus, Linn.

We deeply regret to learn that the Rev. Dr. Fyles, South Quebec,
President of the Entomological Society of Ontario, met with a very pain-
ful accident a few weeks ago. He slipped upon a snow-covered board,
and falling dislocated his ankie and fractured the socket. He has been
confined to his bed ever since. His numerous friends unite in sympathy
for him and in the earnest-hope that he may speedily recover his health
and strength.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 117

LIFE-HISTORY OF MARGARODES FLEGIA, CR.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.:

This West Indian Pyralid occurred to me on the cemetery grounds in
Key West, Florida. The larva was destructive to a large bush ( Zhevetia
nertifolia), commonly planted there for ornament. The larva webs up a
group of the narrow leaves into a tube, and eats the parenchyma from
within, thus destroying much foliage and rendering the plants unsightly.
The proper name of the species appears to be:

PAROTIS FLEGIA, Cram.

1775—Phalena-Pyralis flegia, Cramer, Pap. exot. il., 66; pl. 140,
iD.

1832—VPhalena-Pyralis flegia, Poey, Cent. Ins., Cuba.

1827—Margarontia virginalis, Hiibn., Verz. bek. Schmett., 358.

1854—Margarodes flegyalis, Guén., Delt & Pyral., 310.

1854—Margarodes phantasmadis, Guén., Delt & Pyral., 310.

1854—Faradosis villosalis, Zeller, Lep. Caftr., 58.

1859—Margaronia flegyalis, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xviii., 520.

1898— Glyphodes flegia, Hampson, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 732.

Fggs.—Not observed, but probably laid in a mass, as the young
larvee are gregarious.

Stage /.—In a slight web on the back of a leaf, many together.
Head about .3 mm., very pale brownish. Body translucent, green, the
food showing green, the tubercles dusky, shining ; 1. to v. present, no sub-
primaries ; on the thorax ia+ib, lia+iib, iv. single, anterior ; cervical
shield with six sete, prespiracular tubercle with two. There is a faint
trace of an orange-coloured subdorsal line.

Stage J7.—Head about .6 mm., pale brown. Body transparent
green, with large black tubercles, the subprimary ones now present. Body
slender, shining, the tracheal line visible and a trace of the broad orange
subdorsal band, seen only with a lens near the extremities at first, later
distinct but broken.

Stage [7[.—Head about .g mm. Like the mature larva, pale blue,
though looking of a dirty green from the food showing through the trans-
parent skin.

Stage /V.—Head 1.4 mm. The same.

Stage V.—(Interpolated.) Head pale brownish, shining ; primary
sete present ; width 1.7mm. Body subtranslucent pale blue, shining, a
broad, deep orange stripe between tubercles ii..and iii, absent on joints 2

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and 14, and broken into spots on joints 3 and 4. Tubercles very large,
shining black ; cervical shield divided into three warts on each side, the
anterior bearing one seta, the posterior two, and the lower three ; pres-
piracular tubercle with two setz ; subventral tubercle with one seta; on
the other thoracic segments ia + ib, iia + iib, iii. separate, posterior, iv. + v.,
vi. with one seta ; on the abdomen i. and ii. nearly in line antero-posteri-
orly, iv. + v. below the spiracle, ti. and vi. single haired, vii. a small wart
with three hairs on the anterior side of the leg base. Thoracic feet black;
abdominal ones slender, blue.

Stage V7.—Head pale brownish, orange tinted; width 2.15 mm.
Otherwise no change. P

Cocoon and pupa in a similar tube of leaves to that which the larva
inhabits. Probably breeds continually. Imagoes emerged Feb. 6th.

CBITUARY.

On the 24th of February died Dr. O. Hofmann, a physician in the
Bavarian State service, a well-known Ispidopterist and esteemed writer, in
Regensburg, Bavaria. The deceased belonged to a family of entomolo-
gists. His brother, the late Dr. Ernest Hofmann, was the author of two
illustrated volumes on the European Macrolepidoptera and their larve,
which have already passed through three editions. Dr. O. Hofmann pub-
lished a number of papers on the Tineides, and these results of his biological
studies are held in great esteem. As a young man he came into contact
with Herrich-Schaeffer, of whom he remained an admirer and could re-
late many anecdotes. Dr. Hofmann paid much attention to American
publications. The observations of Dr. Dyar on the larval tubercles were
familiar to him, and he had tried to test them on the European
Pterophoridz, a group upon which he had published and with the trans-
formations of which he was remarkably familiar. His death leaves a gap
which is felt by earnest students in Europe. His last paper, on the
Micropterygides, was read by him last autumn at the Munich meeting of
the German Association, and is, I believe, not yet published. One of the
kindliest in the short list of my constant correspondents has passed
away, whom I shall always miss, but whose future memory in the science
may be always assured through his few but excellent contributions to our

knowledge.
A. RapciirFE Grote, Hildesheim, Germany.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119

EEE

NOTES ON A FEW BUTTERFLIES FROM THE YUKON.

Last April I received from Mr. Lachlan Gibb a small cardboard box
containing a few specimens of Lepidoptera in a very fragmentary con-
dition, which had been sent to him from Dawson, in the Yukon district.

The most interesting species in the collection is Papilio Machaon,
var. A/iaska, Scud., of which there were three specimens.

The other species are : |

Papilio Turnus, L., four specimens hardly differing from those
found in this latitude, but perhaps a trifle smaller.

Pieris Napi, var. Venosa, Scud., three specimens.

Anthocharis Ausonides, Bdv., one specimen.

Argynnis Freija, Thunb., one specimen.

Argynnis Frigga, vat. Sue Kaden, one specimen.

The only moth in the collection was Phragmatobia Rubricosa, Harr.,
one specimen.

These are the only species which were determinable. The Antho-
charis agreed with specimens received by me under the name of Creusa,
but, to be sure, I sent it to Mr. Wm. Beutenmuller, who wrote to me that
it was Ausonides. Henry H, Lyman, Montreal.

HYDRCECIA STRAMENTOSA, GUEN.

In response to Mr. Moffat’s interesting paper, I would state, since my
name is mentioned, that I recollect determining / stramentosa, though
rarely, and, I think, for Canadian collectors. The specimen in my collec-
tion, now in the British Museum, came, I believe, from Canada. I never
remember receiving the species from the West, or regarding it as a
specifically Western insect. All the specimens I ever saw of it (they
were very few) were from the East. The name is, probably, in Canadian
collections on my authority. A. RapcLiFFE GROTE.

BOOK NOTICES.

Tue Entomo ocists’ Direcrory.—This very useful publication has
been prepared by Dr. Henry Skinner, Secretary of the American Entomo-
logical Society, Philadelphia. It contains an alphabetical list of over 1,200
names of persons interested in this department of natural science in the
United States and Canada, and gives their addresses, departments of
study, whether they have a collection or not, and are willing to exchange
specimens ; the names are also arranged geographically under the post-

120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

office addresses in each State. This isfollowed by a list of Societies, Agricul-
tural Colleges and Experiment Stations ; an account of the Entomological
organizations at Philadelphia, and a list of Entomological publications.
Every one who wishes to exchange his duplicates for specimens from
distant localities should obtain a copy of this Directory. It can be ob-
tained from E. T. Cresson, Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. (Price 50 cents.)

Types oF Lepipoprera.—Dr. Herman Strecker has now published
the third part of the supplement to his ‘‘ Lepidoptera, Rhopaloceres and
Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic.” It contains a list of all the types”
of species that are contained in his extensive collection, with
bibliographical and geographical references. No-less than 425 species
and varieties are included in the list, an immense number for a private
collection, and descriptions are given of a number of new species. It is
a matter of great importance to students to know where the types of
described species may be seen; Dr. Strecker has therefore done a good
work in publishing this list. In an interesting preface he gives some ac-
count of the principal sources from which he has built up his remarkable
collection during the last fifty years and the difficulties under which he
laboured in early days. These supplements may be obtained from the
author, P. O. Box 311, Reading, Penna. (Price 25 cents each.)

MONTREAL BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF ONTARIO.

The regular monthly meeting of the Montreal Branch of the Entomo-
logical Society of Ontario was held on Tuesday evening, at the residence
of the President, Mr. A. F. Winn, 58 Bruce Avenue, Westmount. The
chair was occupied by the President, and there was a good attendance of
members. The Very Rev. Dean Carmichael and Mr. C. P. Newman
were elected members. Mr. Henry H. Lyman, ex-President, in a brief
speech, presented Mr. Winn, on behalf of the members, with a handsome
mantel clock, with a suitably-engraved plate, as a wedding present, it
being the first time in the history of the Branch that a President had been
married during his occupancy of the chair.

Mr. Winn, who was taken by surprise, replied on behalf of himself
and Mrs. Winn, thanking the members heartily for the present, which he
valued very highly. Mr. Lyman then read a paper on Fall Web-worm
Moths and allied species.

ERRATUM.—On page roo, sixth line from top, the word “ six” has
accidentally been omitted before ‘‘ pairs under metatarsi I.”

“Mailed April 2nd, 1900,

he Ganadian Hntomalagist

VoL. XXXII. LONDON, MAY, 1rg00. No. 5
CONTENTS.

Lyman—An Entomological Muddle.... .. . 121 Dyar—The Larva of Eustixia pupula...... . 155

Cockerell—New Coccid from Arizona...... 129 | Dyar—Larvez from Hawaii................. 156

Moffat—Hydreecia “LAH 222 AONE LOE 133 | Toronto Branch—Annual Meeting.......... 158

Melander—A Decade of Dolichopodidz ..... rey || Se deyaye Notice—Miss Ormerod’s Twenty-third

Ashmead—Classification of the Fossorial, IRGDONE: ae Ones can dane eee batten 159
Predaceous and Parasitic Wasps.... .... 145 Re

AN ENTOMOLOGICAL MUDDLE: A REVIEW.

BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.

I fear that any one reading the various papers which have appeared
during the past year on the Cunea—Congrua—Antigone-Textor con-
troversy would not be very greatly impressed with the lucidity of
entomologists. ‘This controversy illustrates remarkably well the difficulty
of carrying on a discussion about species or forms whose status is
disputed without rendering confusion worse confounded, for the simple
reason that different persons use the same name in different senses. For
instance, when Dr. Fyles writes of cunéa, Drury, he does not mean the
insect which Drs. Smith and Dyar understand by the same name, the
moth which Harris called the many-spotted ermine moth of the South,
Phalzna punctatissima, A. & S., but the individual moth which served as
Drury’s type and which he chooses to believe did not belong to the genus
Hyphantria at all, but to have been a Spilosoma, and from this springs
much of the misunderstanding which has arisen between these gentlemen.

In such a case as this, one cannot be too careful to assume nothing
and to avoid terms which may be misunderstood.

There are several questions in connection with these moths which
require elucidation, one of which, and to my mind the most interesting,
viz., whether textor, Harris, and punctatissima, A. & S., to use terms of
which there can be no doubt, are, as generally believed, merely forms of
one species, or, as believed by Harris, distinct species, has been “very
generally overlooked by these disputants.

122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In 1773, Drury described his Bombyx cunea in his “ Illustrations of
Exotic Entomology,” while Abbot & Smith illustrated and described
their Phalena punctatissima in 1797. I have never seen the original
edition of Drury, but possess the edition edited by Westwood in 1837, and
have no reason to think that Drury’s description was modified in any way
in the editing.

The description is as follows :

“ Alis albis, anticis maculis permultis, posticis duabus nigris,
abdomine concolori nigro-maculato.”

““ Upper. Side.—Antenne pectinated and black. There is no
appearance of any tongue. Head white. Back and abdomen ash colour.
Anterior wings white, with a great number of spots, differently shaped, of
a sooty black colour. On the external margin are five spots, those
nearest the tips being shaped like triangles. - Posterior wings white, with
a sooty spot on each near the external edge, and a very faint small mark
near the exterior angle. Under Side.—Legs black. Breast and abdomen
ash colour. The wings marked as gn the upper side.”

‘‘ Alar expanse 1 inch 5 lines.” ‘‘ Habitat: New York.” The
figure shows a moth of about 3514 mm. in alar expanse.

Abbott & Smith described their Phalzena puctatissima as follows :

“Ph. Bombyx elinguis, alis deflexis corporeque niveis nigro punctatis,
thorace utrinque lunula nigra.”

Phalzna cunea, Drury, is cited as a synonym, and then they say :

‘‘ Whether this be the cuzea of Mr. Drury or not, it deserves a more
expressive, or, rather, less erroneous, name. The character above given
applies to the male only, the female being entirely white.”

Westwood, in editing the re-issue of Drury’s plates, says of cunea,
which he calls a Spilosoma: ‘There seems little reason for doubting
that this is identical with the Phalena punctatissima of Abbot & Smith,
of which the female is entirely white. The name proposed by Drury
evidently alludes to the triangular spots on the margin of the anterior
wings, and seems quite as expressive as that employed by Sir J. E.
Smith, who seems to have treated Drury’s work on several occasions as
scarcely deserving of notice.”

No subsequent writer, so far as I am aware, has questioned the
identity of cunea, Drury, and punctatissima, A. & S., except the Rev.
Dri Fyles.

In 1828, Harris described Arctia textor in the 7th Vol. of the New

a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133

England Farmer, and in 1841 erected the genus Hyphantria for it, also
placing in it punctatissima, A. & S.

In 1855, Walker described his Spilosoma congrua as quoted by Dr.
Fyles on page 99 of Vol. XXXI., Can. Env.

In 1856, Fitch described H. punctata in his 3rd Report on the
Insects of New York, p. 387.

In Grote & Robinson’s list of Bombycidze of 1868 they listed
Spilosoma virginica, congrua, vestalis, and Hyphantria textor, punctata,
cunea, with punctatissima as a synonym of cunea. Of S. congrua, these
gentlemen wrote in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II., 72 (1868), as follows :

**Spilosoma congrua, Walk., (c) = 2 Spil. virginica (Fab.), Walk.
Specimens a and b appear to belong to a species distinct from S.
virginica, which should retain the name proposed by Mr. Walker. Our
notes on these two specimens are as follows: ‘S. congrua(¢). Primaries
white, with sparse brown dots and an S-shaped subterminal brown line, all
incomplete. Abdomen entirely white. Faint discal marks on both
wings, wanting in the female. Primaries (?) with but one or two dots,
almost immaculate. Secondaries immaculate in either sex. Inwardly the
fore coxz and femora are dark yellow, without the black spot of S.
virginica. All the tarsi and fore tibie are inwardly brown. The ¢ has
faint discal marks on both wings, wanting in ?. This species seems
slighter than S. virginica, and approaches Hyphantria cunea in the mark-
ings of the primaries, but is stouter than that species, the palpi and
antennz as in Spilosoma.’”

What these authors meant by an “‘ S-shaped subterminal brown line ”
I do not know, as I never saw a specimen of antigone so decorated.

But in Grote’s Check List of 1882 this species was not included, the
Spilosomas uamed being virginica, vestalis and latipennis, and the
Hyphantrias, the same as in the list of 1868, but in a -different order,
cunea and textor, however, being still recognized as distinct. But a few
months after this list appeared, Mr. Grote proclaimed the discovery of
S. congrua, Mr. Thaxter having reared it from the larva, and conjectured
that it was ‘“‘ very likely ” the same as the form which Mr. Strecker had
named antigone. (CAN. Enr., XV., 9, Jan., 1833.)

In the April, 1889, number of Hntomologica Americana, Mrs. Slosson
described her Spilosoma prima.

In June, 1889, Mr. J. B. Smith published a note on Spilosoma
congrua, Walk., in Lut. Amer., V., 119, arguing that Walker’s description

124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of congrua did not fit S. antigone, Strecker, but did fit H. cunea, Drury,
presuming the latter to be the same as punctatissima, A. & S., and
quoting a note of Mr. A. G. Butler’s, written in 1875, to the effect that
the only specimens then representing congrua in the British Museum
collection were a presumably female specimen of S. virginica, without
abdomen, and what he “ believed to be” a male “ variety” of H. cunea.

With all due respect to these authorities, I do not place any great
weight upon conjectures that something is “very likely ” the same as
something else, or upon a “ belief” that one moth is a variety of another,
and it is hardly creditable to the custodians of collections in a great
national museum which are not open to the public that types can be lost
or destroyed. ;

In 1890, Mr. J. B. Smith again dealt with these forms in his
“ Preliminary Catalogue of the Arctiide of Temperate North America,”
in the CANADIAN ENToMOLOGIST, but, through an error of the printer,
overlooked by the proofreader, all the names, whether recognized as good
species or only as synonyms, were treated alike and stand apparently as
species. (Can. Ent., XXII., 161-165.) - ;

In 1891, Dr. Smith issued his ‘‘ List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America,” and in it listed the Spilosomas as virginica, prima, vestalis,
latipennis and antigone, with congrua {, Grote, as a synonym ; and under
Hyphantria placed cunea, Drury ; with punctatissima, S. & A.; punctata,
Fitch ; congrua, Walk.; textor, Harr.; candida, Walk., and ad. pallida,
Pack., as synonyms, the last being an aberrant form which Dr. Packard
had described in 1864 under the name of Arctia pallida, in his ‘‘ Synopsis
of the Bombycide of the United States.” (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., III., 118.)

This, then, was the condition of affairs when Dr. Fyles obtained the
eggs of antigone in June, 1897, and a specimen of a much-spotted moth
of the genus Spilosoma in the Gomin Swamp, and at the annual meeting
in the following autumn read a paper under the title of “‘ An Arctian—
What is it ?”

This paper was never published, but in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
for May, 1899, appeared a paper by the same author, entitled ‘‘ Obser-
vations upon Spilosoma congrua, Walker,” in which Dr. Fyles gave an
account of his rearing of these larve and described the variation among
the imagoes and identified them with Walker’s species. Of the much-
spotted moth taken at the same time as the parent of the larvz, he said
that it “presented the exact appearance of the insect which is figured,

—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125

with closed wings, in the original edition of Drury’s work and named
by him Bombyx cunea.”

This, of course, was an error, as Drury’s figure has the wings fully
expanded both in the original edition and in that edited by Westwood,
which was printed from the original plates.

Dr. Fyles’s identification of the moths reared by him with the congrua
of Walker may be correct, but it would be much more satisfactory if
Walker’s types were forthcoming; but his treatment of the webworm
moths is not satisfactory.

Referring to the many-spotted ermine moth of the South, he says
that its most spotted form is supposed to have been the Bombyx cunea of
Drury, and that therefore it is said that the name of the variety must take
the place of the name given by Harris, and till very lately generally
accepted.

Now, the question as to whether the name textor should stand
depends upon a number of questions : first, upon whether the immaculate
form of the North is, or is not, specifically distinct from the spotted form
of the South ; and, second, upon whether the authorities are, or are not,
correct in identifying it with the budea of Hiibner; and Dr. Fyles
apparently overlooked the fact that even if cunea, Drury, could be shown
not to have been described from a southern webworm, the name
punctatissima, A. & S., has priority of textor, if the two forms belong to
the same species. Dr. Fyles, comparing the illustration of the webworm
moth as figured by Dr. Riley with the figure given by Dr. Bethune in
Can. Ent., V., 141, instead of laying the blame for the absurd size of
Riley’s figure upon the incorrect drawing by the artist, apparently accused
that eminent entomologist of confusing antigone and punctatissima, as he
says: ‘“ Riley’s cut represents an insect 20 lines in expanse of wings
(it really shows-one nearly 22 lines when measurement is made from
centre of thorax to tip of each wing). I venture to say that no fall web-
worm moth ever attained such a size. But latitude was necessary to take
in such moths as zongrua and cunea.” (The latter name apparently used
in the Fyles sense, not that of authorities generally.) And a few lines
further down, referring to the series of wings shown by Riley, says
triumphantly in italics: ‘‘ There ts not one of them but can be exactly
matched from insects [ raised, or that were taken with the mother insect
in the Gomin.”

126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

If these sentences do not imply that Dr. Riley confused two or three
species of moths, I cannot see that they imply anything.

Following Dr. Fyles’s paper, appeared in the June CANADIAN
ENTOMOLOGIST a paper by Dr. Dyar in which he admitted that Dr. Fyles
was probably right in identifying antigone, Strecker, with congrua,
Walker, but he stumbled in regard to Dr. Fyles’s meaning about ee
understanding it as equivalent to punctatissima.

In the July number, Dr. Smith dwelt on the probability of Mr.
Walker having before him three banded specimens of punctatissima, and
the improbability of his having three banded antigone from Georgia, and
these arguments are of considerable weight, though naturally not con-
clusive, and, indeed, not intended to be so by the author,

To the September number, Mr. Grote contributed a page on this
controversy, without adding any information of value, but showing
that he has apparently forgotten that there were two species under the
name congrua in 1867, the third specimen (c) being S. virginica 9
according to G. & R.

In the December number there were- no less than two papers upon
this controversy. The first, by Dr. Ottolengui, affords some interesting
information in regard to the distribution of S, antigone and also as to much-
spotted specimens of punctatissima occurring in the spring brood in the
South, but it would appear that he also stumbled in regard to supposing
that Dr. Fyles meant punctatissima by the name cunea.

Dr. Ottolengui’s theory in regard to the type of pattern in all species
is ingenious and there may be some truth in it, but his illustration of it in
the case of antigone is of no weight at all, as the dot or spot ‘‘at the
second fork of the median nerve” as described by Dr. Fyles is not
confined to S. antigone, but also occurs in S. virginica, S. vestalis,
H. punctatissima, and Leucarctia acrea.

Again, in saying that this spot “is nota constant feature of Prof.
Riley’s series (Forest Insects, p. 246, fig. 87), if, indeed, it occurs at all
exactly as it does in congrua,” he is laying altogether too much stress on
the supposed infallibility of the artist. No artist is infallible, and slight
errors can be detected in almost every figure not taken by photography.

As to his aberrant specimens from Summerville, S. C., [I sincerely
hope he will not erect a new species in so variable a genus on such
slender material, as Ihave a ¢ S. virginica taken zz cottu with a normal
2 which varies in a somewhat similar manner, the outer third of costa

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127

— —--- = —s

and the outer portion of the nervures of the primaries about the apical
portion being blackish, which makes it look as if slightly scorched at the
tips as described by the Doctor. Dr. Ottolengui expresses his conviction
that congrua is distinct from cunea, but this was surely unnecessary,
and shows that he misunderstood Dr. Fyles’s meaning, as no one has
suggested that the ground-feeding S. antigone is identical with the tree-
feeding H. punctatissima.

In the same number Dr. Fyles had a second paper upon the same
tangled question.

Dr. Fyles derives the name cunea from the Greek «vvéy (a dog’s skin),
from a supposed fancied resemblance in coloration to the spotted
carriage-dog of Europe, but I think Mr. Westwood’s derivation from the
Latin cuneus (a wedge) quite as probable, Drury having especially
referred to the triangular marks. Dr. Fyles draws attention to the fact
that the hind tibize are not shown in Drury’s figure, and that Walker did
not describe the hind tibie of what he supposed to be cunea or of what
he described as congrua, but these points are of very minor importance,
especially as in Drury’s day entomological artists were not so particular
about a spine or so, more or less, on the legs of insects.

Dr. Fyles says, in regard to cunea, that “‘ we have nothing to guide
us except Drury’s figure, and Walker’s description.”

This is a very extraordinary statement, as we have Drury’s descrip-
tion as well as figure ; but how Walker’s description of a few specimens
of moths which he supposed to be identical with Drury’s cunea could
have any weight in deciding what Drury’s moth really was, I fail to see.

Dr. Fyles, however, does not lay much stress on Walker’s description
of supposed cunea, but falls back on Drury’s figure and finds it sufficient.
I am not at all surprised at that, as I think that practically everybody
else finds it sufficient also, as I believe that until Dr. Fyles became guilty
of his present heresy, the belief that Drury’s figure of cunea represented
the much-spotted ermine moth of the South was one of those doctrines to
which the formula ‘“ semper, ubique et ab omnibus ” could be applied.

Dr. Fyles lays great stress on the fact that not one of the eight
figures given by Riley to illustrate the supposed variation of cunea agrees
exactly with Drury’s figure, but this is really of no significance, as Riley
was not trying to match that figure at all, but merely to show the range
of variation, and in the case of so variable a species it might be possible
to give a hundred figures and yet not have two exactly alike.

128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In Dr. Fyles’s concluding remarks on congrua, he says :

‘c) Dr. Hulst and others have bred it.

(d@) S. antigone has been found to be identical with it..

These statements are too positive to be scientific. Dr. Hulst and
others have bred antigone, and it seems probable that that species is the
same as congrua, but that is all we can say at present.

In the January number of the present year Dr. Dyar very briefly
points out Dr. Fyles’s error, calling attention to the fact that of cunea the
abdomen is described as ‘‘concolori nigro-maculato,” the English
description saying ‘back and abdomen ash colour.” Drury’s figure
shows a white abdomen, while the abdomen of Dr. Fyles’s specimen is
yellow. Dr. Dyar pronounces this much-spotted Spilosoma to be prima,
Slosson, and Mr. Beutenmuller thought last June that Mr. Winn’s
specimen of the same species which I showed him was possibly that
species, but if so, either Mrs. Slosson’s types must have been aberrant or
she laid too much stress on the ‘‘cream-colour, almost buff” tone of the
moth, as in these specimens the only yellowish tone is on the nervures.

I entirely disagree with Dr. Fyles, as I can see no resemblance,
beyond the most superficial, between his specimen and Drury’s figure,
while I have a specimen of H. punctatissima from New Jersey which is
practically identical with the figure of cunea. .

I am, as mentioned by Dr. Dyar, 2t work upon the question of the
relationship existing between punctatissima and textor, but am not ina
position to make any report as yet.

Nore.—Since writing the above, Dr. Fyles has published ‘another
paper upon this matter in the March number of the Canapian EnTo-
MOLOGIST, and in this has made plain what had better have been pointed
out at first, that by cunea he merely referred to Drury’s type and not to
the species which has since been known by that name, but he falls into
other errors.

He is wrong in implying that Dr. Ottolengui doubted the identity of
cunea, Drury, and punctatissima, A. & S.

What Dr. Ottolengui expressed a doubt about was whether textor,
Harris, and punctatissima, A. & S., were the same.

Abbot’s figures of punctatissima ¢ and 2 are admirable. What
does Dr. Fyles mean by “an irregularly spotted insect?” The figure
shows perfect bilateral symmetry. The figure of the larva is poor, but no
worse than hundreds of other figures which have been made of larvee.

ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129

Dr. Fyles calls Abbot’s plate ‘‘quite a fancy sketch !”’—presumably
because the larva is represented as feeding on the mulberry, but I have
no doubt it does, it is such a general feeder,—almost universal, Dr.
Howard says.

Dr. Fyles’s reference to Walker’s description of what he took to be
cunea, and what was doubtless punctatissima, is without weight, as I have
mentioned above.

Drury only figured and described the ¢ of cunea.

Dr. Fyles seems to measure the expanse of moths from tip to tip as
set according to the present fashion. This is misleading, and the
measurement should be taken from the tip of wing to centre of thorax and
doubied.

Dr. Fyles certainly sticks to his guns with a tenacity not surpassed
by the Boers in the Transvaal, and asserts that even if his Gomin
specimen is prima, Slosson, it only proves that the latter is a synonym of
cunea, Drury!

Dr. Fyles sums up the matter by stating that he is convinced that
Hyphantria textor, Harris, is not one and the same with Bombyx cunea,
Drury, and in this I am inclined to agree with him, but surely sucha
statement was unnecessary after declaring Bombyx cunea, Drury, to be a
Spilosoma.

FOUR NEW COCCIDA FROM ARIZONA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR, EXP. STA.

Dactylopius Irishi, sp. n.
2 .—Adult dark red, forming a very convex chalk-white ovisac about

3 millim. long and 2% high, the sacs clustered on the twigs of the plant
at the nodes, from two to ten ata node. Eggs and newly-hatched larve
pale yellow.

Adult @, after being boiled and flattened on a slide, nearly circular,
about 2 mm. long. The insects do not stain the liquor potasse on boil-
ing, but the body contains a dull crimson pigment, partly retained in
boiled specimens.

Skin with many small round glands, which in lateral view lock like
truncate spines. Dermal hairs very few and small. No lateral patches
of spines. Caudal lobes completely obsolete, marked only by a pair of
short stout spines on each side. Hairs on anal ring comparatively short

130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and inconspicuous, much shorter than in YD. Zownsendi. Legs and
antenne pale yellowish.

Middle leg measuring about as follows in: Coxa, 111; femur with
trochanter, 231 ; tibia, 180; tarsus, g0; claw, 30; width of femur, 57.
Antenne 8-jointed, the joints measuring in ~: (1.) 45-51, (2.) 36-40, (3.)

33-42, (4.) 18-27, (5.) 25-27, (6.) 16-24, (7.) 27, (8.) 69-78. Formula

varying from 8132(47)56 to 8123(57)46.

Hab.—Tempe, Arizona: Numerous on the butte, on Larrea tridentata,
Oct. 28, 1899. (Ck&//.) This interesting species is named after Mr.
Fred. M. Irish, of the Arizona Normal School, who was with me at the
time of its discovery. JD. Zrishi is closely related to- D. Stee/t, which in-
fests the same plant in New Mexico, but it is readily distinguished by its
much more convex ovisac, and its habit of clustering on the twigs at the
nodes, instead of living on the leaves. In the latter respect the insect
resembles D. prosopidis. In the most advanced state the 2 is very
nearly, but not entirely, covered by the ovisac.

Aspidiotus ( Hemiberlesia) candidulus, sp. n.

? .—Differs thus from A. /atanie: Anal orifice ‘smaller, about as
big as one of the median lobes ; width of anal orifice about 12 » ; median
lobes not or barely notched; nine squames, close together and little
branched, on each side of the median lobes ; inner chitinous processes of
interlobular intervals conspicuously larger than the outer ; spines (hairs)
long, even exceeding the squames ; four groups of circumgenital glands,
posterior laterals 4 to 5, anterior laterals 4; margin of insect with very
long bristles at distant intervals ; embryos in 9 very large, about 210 pw
long ; median lobes of embryo twice notched on outer side.

? .—Scale white with a yellowish tinge, only slightly convex, exuviz
sublateral, varying from pale straw-colour to ferruginous brown. 4 scale
elongate-oval, white, with the pale straw-coloured exposed exuvia near one
end.

Hab.—Tucson, Arizona, just behind the University ; locally abun-
dant on leaves and twigs of Prosopis velutina, along with plenty of Xero-
philaspis prosopidis. Collected in November, 1899, by the writer, in
company with Prof. Toumey. The ¢ scales are much more abundant
than the 2; when originally describing X. prosopidis (Suppt. to Psyche,
Dec., 1895) I had some of these ¢ ‘scales, and regarded them as belong-
ing to the Xerophilasfis.

——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131

Xerophilaspis Parkinsonia, sp. n.

2? .—Scale small, about 1 millim. diam.; exuvie large, dark brown to
black ; first skin large, placed on second; second more or less covered
by a white film ; scale suboval, white, thin ; the part of the scale beyond
the exuvie is anteriorly much less than the diameter of the latter, posteri-
orly somewhat greater, the exuvize being excentric.

¢ .—Scale oval, white ; exuvia towards one end, brown, with a pale
median line.

? .—(Mounted on slide) About 700 » long ; spines moderately large ;
squames scarcely visible ; caudal end striated ; no circumgenital glands ;
anal orifice long and narrow, about 10 » long and 39 » from base of
median lobes ; median lobes rather large, about 12 p long, close together
but not contiguous, broad, rounded at ends, with a deep square notch on
the outer side ; second lobes smaller, separated from the first by a fair
interval, pointed, notched on the outer side ; third lobes rudimentary ;
dorsal glands few ; interlobular chitinous processes present, but very
small: they are beneath the lobes rather than between them; a submarginal
row of elongate glands, such as are seen in Chionasfpis ; anterior part of
insect brown even after prolonged boiling ; antennz represented by large
low-conical protuberances ; embryo in 9 very large, about 186 p long,
with dark eyes.

ffab.—Pheenix, Arizona, Oct. 23, 1899; on twigs and branches of
Parkinsonia torreyana. The Parkinsonia, or “ palo verde,” is common
around Phcenix, and I expected to find a coccid peculiar to it, but for
many days my search was fruitless. At last I saw, one day, a tree with
the branches on one side turned yellow, and on going up to it, found the
above-described insect in great numbers. With the scales I found a
small form of Chtlocorus cacti predaceous upon them. X..Parkinsonia is
not a true Xerophilaspis, nor yet a satisfactory Zargionia. It differs from
typical Xerophilaspis in the development of the white scale, and the posi-
tion of the anal orifice; but it agrees sufficiently in the form of the
exuvi, the large embryo, etc.
Diaspis Arizonicus, sp. n.

¢ .—Scale, dull white, more or less circular, but very irregular be-
cause crowded into the cracks in the bark: a thick ventral scale ; exuvie
very inconspicuous, yellowish-white, or first skin sometimes brown ; first
skin with its anterior end extending beyond margin of second.

132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

¢.—Scale flat, firm (not at all woolly), dull white, parallel-sided,
about 34 mm. long and not quite half as wide.

9 .—Adult dark brown even after boiling in liquor potasse, strongly
chitinized, spiracles large and conspicuous ; segmentation visible ; caudal
area brown and chitinized, except its basal portion, anterior to the anal
orifice, which is transparent and colourless. The non-chitinized area at
the base of the caudal plate permits the latter to be withdrawn almost
wholly into the body, leaving the tip only protruding. No circumgenital
glands. Caudal area very much wrinkled, with many round to oval dorsal
glands, arranged more or less in transverse rows, and also rather numerous
scattered small ventral glands. Anal orifice rather small, a long distance
from hind end. Caudal margin strongly crenate; three larger protuber-
ances, more or less emarginate at the ends, may be taken to represent the
lobes ; between the median lobes, instead of two squames, are two lobules ;
between the first and second lobes are two or three lobules ; between the
second and third are three to five lobules. No squames, but laterad of
each lobe is a very long spine ; two spines laterad of the median lobes.

2? .—Second stage not so chitinous, transparent after boiling; mouth-
parts far posterior ; antennze represented by very large subconical pro-
tuberances.

/fab.—On trunks and branches of Prosopis velutina, Wooton, near
Kellner’s Ranch, several miles west of Phcenix, Arizona ; Oct..11, 1899.
(Ckil.) Xerophilaspis prosopidis occurred on the same trees at the same
place.

D. Arizonicus is remote enough from typical Dzasf7s, but by reason
of the median interlobular structure, and the arrangement of the dorsal

glands, it approaches nearer to the subg. “fzdiaspis (type D. piricola).
It is probable that it will later be made the type of a new subgenus.

A SALE OF BUTTERFLIES.

Entomologists went from all parts of the country when the celebrated
collection of butterflies and moths made by the late Samuel Stevens, F.L.
S., F.E.S., was sold. Mr. Stevens had continued his work of collecting,
breeding, and buying for 60 years, and many specimens were already his-
toric, having come from other noted collections. The “large copper” butter-
fly, long since become extinct, always attracts bidders, but £48 given for an
exceptionally fine male creates a record, and even for one of the females
£6 5s. was bid. A specimen of the common “painted lady” also fetched
48, while another of the same species cost its buyer £6 10s. A hand-
some “red admiral,” which is perhaps nearly as often seen as the “‘ small
tortoiseshell,” was sold for #5 ros., while a “ peacock” with 20 ‘ eyes”
on its wings went for 4.5.—London, England, Globe (March 29, 1900).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133

HYDRC@ECIA STRAMENTOSA.

Sir,—I am in receipt of a communication from A. Radcliffe Grote,
M. A., Hildesheim, Germany, anent the determination of Hydrecia
stramentosa for Canadian collectors. He points out to me that the fact
of its being under Afamea in our list indicates the source from whence
the name was obtained, as he was the only author that ever used that
generic term for the group to which stramentosa belongs, proving that he
knew of its being taken in Canada, having received specimens from
collectors there to name ; which is more than likely, as Mr. Grote was
at that time the recognized authority on North American Wocturde.

The original Canadian collection was brought together from various
sources to be exhibited at the “Centennial” in Philadelphia, 1876-
Some material for it came from the Province of Quebec, which would be
largely from Montreal collectors; and this collection was reviewed by
Mr. Grote before it was dispatched on its mission. From exposure
at Philadelphia and the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London,
England, 1886, what was left of it had mostly become worthless for
comparison, and it was necessary to replace it as far as possible with
fresh specimens. There is no evidence that there ever had been a
specimen of Stramentosa in the original collection; if there was, it
must have been returned to its owner. Other specimens, bleached be-
yond recognition, are yet in the collection—from want of fresh material to
replace them; so I reason, that if there had been a specimen of
stramentosa \eft in the collection, it would be there still. If such an one
is extant, it will likely be found in some Montreal collection.

I have often thought when doubts were expressed about the correct
determination of some specimen, that a label with the name of the
determinator was of the very first importance to indicate in some
measure its reliability. My Hamilton collection was largely determined
for me by Mr. Grote, then living in Buffalo, and as I kept his lists
for future reference, when doubt arose I could turn them up and feel that
these particular specimens at least were correct beyond question. But
time and Anthrenus worked havoc with some of the original specimens,
which reduced the value of the lists, as the specimens replacing them
were only my estimate of what were the same.

J. Atston Morrat,
Curator Ent. Soc. of Ont.

134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A DECADE OF DOLICHOPODID.*

BY AXEL LEONARD MELANDER, AUSTIN, TEXAS,

The ten species included in the present paper are all from the col-
lection of Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, under whose management this work was
performed. Asa slight token of my appreciation of his generosity and

kindness, it pleases me greatly to dedicate one of the forms to him.

*Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Texas, No. 2.

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES 9 AND 1ro.

. Hercostomus vetitus, male wing.

Hercostomus vetitus, lamella of hypopygium.
Hercostomus anarmostus, male wing.
Paraclius hybridus, hypopygium.

Paraclius hybridus, male wing.
Tachytrechus protervus, female wing.
Tachytrechus protervus, lamella.
Tachytrechus volitans, hypopygium.
Dolichopus sincerus, lamella.

. Dolichopus sincerus, male antenna, from inside.

Dolichopus misellus, lamella.

. Nematoproctus venustus, hypopygium.
. Gymnopternus mirificus, male antenna.

Gymnopternus phyllophorus, Lw., male antenna.
Pelastoneurus Wheelerii, hypopygium.

136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1. Dolichopus sincerus,n. sp. (Figs. 9, 10.)

Legs, except all the coxe, hind tarsi and tip of hind tibiz, yellow ;
cilia of inferior orbit black ; fourth longitudinal not broken, but bent ;
antenne black ; legs plain ; wings unspotted.

Made.—Length 4.5 mm., of wing 4mm. Bright brassy-green. Face
narrow, silvery-dusted, with a slight yellowish tinge on upper part, under
the antenne a little darkened. Palpi dark, silvery-dusted. Antennz
wholly black, third joint broadly ovate; arista a little longer than antenna,
stout, tapering, not evidently pubescent. Vertex shining brassy-
green, not dusted. Infra-ocular cilia pale yellow, not strong. Thoracic
dorsum bright brassy-green, more cupreous along, sides and with two
cupreous stripes in front bounding the rather strong acrostichals. ‘The
velvety and the silvery spots present near base of wing. Abdomen shin-
ing, green, becoming more cupreous, then piceous towards incisures.
Hypopygium with the lamellz moderate in size, the lamellze sub-triangular,
whitish with wide black border and ordinary fringe of hairs. Pleura
greenish, glaucous, and in various places with a cupreous reflection.
Cox concolorous with the pleura, except at very tips; fore cox with
black hairs and bristles on anterior surface; middle coxze with white
hairs intermixed with the black. Femora reddish yellow, slightly darker
on upper surface, especially on hind femora toward tip; posterior four
with a single preapical bristle; hind femora not ciliated beneath, although
the small hairs are a trifle longer than usual; tibize yellow, except outer
sixth of hind ones, where the black encloses a ‘‘dimple” on the outer
side ; tarsi plain, anterior four from tip of first joint and whole of hind
tarsi black ; pulvilli pale yellow, small. Wings grayish-hyaline, broad ;
costa elongate, thickened at tip of first vein ; fourth vein with usual flexure;
posterior cross-vein perpendicular .to first segment of fifth vein and
distant about three times its own length from tip of fifth; hind margin
with rather evident fringing. Tegule and halteres yellow; tegular cilia
black,
One male, collected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler, in Price County, Wis-
consin, August 19, 1897.

Differs from preustus by the face being more silvery, vertex shining,
fore femora not darker beneath, wings not blackened at tip, and the
fourth longitudinal distinctly bent.

2. Dolichopus misellus, n. sp. (Fig. 11.)
' Femora yellow, hind ones not ciliated ; cilia of inferior orbit pale ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137

cilia of tegule black ; wings unspotted, fourth longitudinal not broken ;
hind tibiz tipped with brown ; antenne black, red below on first joint ;
fore cox reddish in front ; fore legs plain ; vertex violet-bronzed.

Male—Length 5 mm., length of wing 4.5 mm. Face and palpi
yellowish white. Antenne lengthened, the joints subequal in length,
black ; first joint reddish below, third with the arista preapical, a little
longer than antenne. Vertex violaceous with a cupreous tinge. Infra-
ocular cilia pale yellow. Dorsum of thorax and scutellum bronzed-green,
shining, not dusted. Abdomen strongly compressed, bronzed-green,
shining, slightly dusted, incisures not well marked. Hypopygium not
large, lamelle rounded apically, yellowish-tinged, narrowly black-
bordered, and fringed. Pleura dark green, dusted, yet shining in places ;
the place of the usual velvety-black antealar spot is taken by a Y-shaped
cupreous groove. Bases of middle and hind coxe and posterior face of
front cox piceous, glaucous ; the anterior face of the front coxe is dark
yellow, sharply limited, without the usual coating of black hairs, but with
three of the strong apical ones and a few pale hairs. Femora yellow, the
hind ones not ciliated and with a single anteapical bristle; tibie yellow,
except the hind ones at tip on inner side, an elongate apical ‘‘ dimple”
and a narrow glabrous streak on the posterior face of hind tibie, the
dimple nearer the outside ; tarsi plain, blackened from tip of first joint
(hind ones missing in male); pulvilli whitish. Wings grayish-hyaline ;
veins not black ; fourth vein obtusely, but sharply, bent ; posterior cross-
vein distant less than twice its length from tip of fifth; costa with a
small, lengthened, node-like swelling beyond junction with first vein.
Tegule and halteres light yellow, the former with very long black cilia.

The female differs from the male by the broader, grayer face; greener
front ; shorter tegular cilia ; no costal node nor impression in hind tibia ;
front face of fore cox with black hairs. Hind metatarsus with basal
two-thirds yellowish.

One male and one female from Natrona Co., August 31, 1895, and
one female from Little Wind River, September 2, 1895, Wyoming ; col-
lected by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

From the only species with which this could be confounded in any
way (setosus, platyprosopus, praeustus, fulvipes and Cogutlletti) this
species may be readily distinguished by the first short diagnosis.

3. Gymunoplernus mirificus,n. sp. (Fig. 13.)
Very similar to G. phyllophorus, Loew, from which it differs by the

138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

following characters only: Face less ochraceous, more gray; third joint
of antennz more oval, its arista slightly pubescent, terminating in a very
small lamella ; the hypopygium is scarcely a third the length of that of
phyllophorus, though this is due in part to shrinking.

One male specimen ; collected by Dr. Garry de N. Hough in Massa-
chusetts.

Hercostomus has always been an incongruous genus, formed of
species rejected from several genera. The next two species differ from
all the genera of Dolichopodide as now understood, but as they show
evident affinity to the species of Hervcostomus, they may be placed, at
least provisionally, in that genus. The structure of the male hypo-
pygium, the curvature in the third vein and the presence of oral bristles
show a departure, more or less marked, from Gymnopternus. The fol-
lowing key is wholly artificial, but readily separates the species hitherto
included in this much-abused genus :

Legs largely yellows. ris spots ea Si,
Legs farcely; bla cksct10.2-5 sss. bepsricote eS
2+ Post-ocular, ciliasblack 30022 Scnee rte dey pie eee syantbe
Post-ocular cilia pale) 5s <i2<25r- s : 4.

25) PACE OCHTACEDUS. «(cre artuicl< siete eee or ae we, ocerus, Wheeler.
Bace; dark oss: /2js-4 witeisteiit ose a eet vetitus, . sp.

4. Antenne yellow 2. 2. io... o Bsa eats aoa os 0 1 op Or
Antenne black... 120. 26 2 + <2 et oe vine» SDC

5. Legs and pane PICEOUS.. 6... ote ee 3 to AON
(Synonym Gy pee oS pee Wheeler.)

Legs and lamellz fuscous. ‘ms ssa eees + Qnarmostus, D. Sp.

4. Hercostomus vetitus, n. sp. (Big. 2: sy

Male.—Length 4.5 mm., of wing 4.5 mm. Face of moderate width,
brownish. Palpi piceous, proboscis fuscous, surrounded with a fringe of
bristles. Antenne short, black, second and third joints together rounded
obtusely pointed at tip, with a dorsal, short, gradually tapering, pubescent
arista. Vertex dark greenish. Post-ocular cilia black ; post-oral beard
wanting. Dorsum of thorax dark blue-green, more shining posteriorly,
scutellum blue-green, with surface hairy. Abdomen shining. dark blue-
green, becoming slightly cupreous towards apex, incisures not darkened.
Hypopygium large, sessile, piceous, slightly pubescent dorsally, the dorsal
cardiform plate bristly ; mternal appendages reddish; lamellz fuscous,

a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139

darker towards tip, slender, not lamelliform, fringed with black hairs out-
wardly and at apex, at basal third a sudden swelling, then of regular
width to the triangular clavate apex. Venter concolorous with the rest
of the abdomen. Pleura piceous, glaucous. Cox more or less dark-
ened, except at tips; fore cox less blackened on anterior and posterior
surfaces, with short, black hairs besides the long apical bristles ; middle
cox with usual apical brush of hairs. Legs yellow, slightly infuscated
towards tip of tarsi ; first joint of fore tarsi in length equal to the three
following together, of the middle tarsi the first joint equals the next two
and haif of the third following joints, the hind metatarsus is shorter than
the joint next following ; posterior femora with a single apical bristle.
Wings subhyaline, third vein slightly and gradually converging towards
the fourth ; anal angle rounded ; posterior cross-vein perpendicular to
proximal segment of the fourth vein. Tegular cilia black, tegule and
halteres yellow.

One male, from Clementon, N. J. ; collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson,
May 30, 1897.

5. Hercostomus anarmostus, n. sp. (Fig. 3.)

Male.—Length 3.5 mm., length of wing 3.25 mm. Face rather
broad, gray-dusted. Palpi and proboscis piceous. Antenne black, third
joint lengthened, flat above, rounded below, rather acutely pointed, bearing
the dorsal arista. Vertex dark greenish, opaque. Post-ocular bristles
black. No beard present. ‘Thorax shining, dark green, with usual
bristles. Scutellum concolorous, sparsely bristly, and with a marginal
row of a few short bristles in addition to usual two. Abdomen green,
somewhat brassy, incisures not darkened. Hypopygium piceous, pub-
escent, its cardiform plate bristly ; internal appendages lengthened, red-
dish; penis pointed; lameilz infuscated, crescent-shaped, much thickened
at middle and evenly attenuated to the tip, covered and fringed externally
with short black hairs, apex narrowly but distinctly margined with black.
Pleura and cox, except tips, green, overlaid with glaucous. Front coxe
with black hairs anteriorly; middle coxe with fewer hairs than
usual. Legs infuscated, especially on upper side of all the femora, tip of
hind tibiz, and fore tarsi from tip of first joint ; middle tarsi from apex
of first joint black. Metatarsus of fore legs a little shorter than three
following joints, of middle equal to two following, of hind legs shorter
than next joint and with a few short bristles below. Wings subhyaline,
slightly tinged with yellow anterior to third vein and bordering each vein ;

140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

veins strong, black, a thickening in the first vein where it reaches the
costa ; third and fourth veins subparallel, the fourth vein ends slightly
before the tip ; posterior cross-vein bowed outwardly, perpendicular to
the last segment of the fourth vein, a slight lobe under the posterior
cross-vein ; anal angle full; rounded. MHalteres and tegule yellow ;
tegular cilia black.

One specimen; Chicago, Illinois, June 10, 1899; collected by
Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler. >
6. Pelastoneurus Wheelerii, n. sp. (Fig. 15.)

Madle.—Length 3.75 mm., of wing 3 mm. Face of moderate width,
narrowest in middle, green, thickly overlaid with silvery dust, becoming
yellow toward antenne. Proboscis piceous,* palpi silvery, with a few
hairs. Antenne wholly reddish-yellow, slightly subfuscated at apex ;
third joint short, ovate, bluntly pointed, arista short, tapering, with strong
plumosity. Vertex largely green, dusted with yellowish-brown, on each
side of ocelli a bluish space. Post-ocular cilia black above, white below;
a few post-oral bristles present. Thoracic dorsum when viewed from the
front dusted with yellowish-brown, wholly green except a purplish line on
outer side of acrostichals, gradually wider behind, where it covers the dor-
sum except a pre-scutellar, triangular green spot. Above the base of the
wing a ~-shaped black velvety spot extends forward, terminating above
in a silvery spot visible only from above. Scutellum green, with brown-
ish dust, glabrous. Abdomen green, broadly silvered at sides, toward
base of each segment cupreous ; incisures blackened ; first segment later-
ally with a strongly-marked marginal row of erect black bristles. . Hypo-
pygium subpedunculate, rather slender, dorsal half obliquely marked
with green, glaucous, apical half (=remainder) shining, translucent
yellow, internal appendages fuscous, enlarged, appearing like a second
set of lamella ; at base of these is a close fringe of yellow bristles ; penis
not projecting ; lamelle yellow, rather small, bent backward, circular at
tip, fringed with light straggling hairs. Pleura concolorous with sides of
abdomen. Fore coxz pale yellow, silvery in front, and with a moderate
coating of black hairs ; middle and hind coxz glaucous basally on outer
face ; middle coxze with several black bristles anteriorly and hind cox
with its usual bristle on outer side. Legs wholly yellow except toward
tip of tarsi, where infuscation commences ; metatarsus of fore legs shorter
than three joints following, of middle legs shorter than two following, and
of hind legs shorter than next joint; hind femora with a strong bristle on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141

lower outer surface below the usual preapical one. Wings with typical
neuration ; the anterior region along the veins with a distinct darkening ;
posterior cross-vein inclines rather toward outer part of the fourth vein ;
anal angle full, almost rectangular. Cilia of the yellow tegulz black.
Halteres yellow.

One male taken along the Colorado River, south of Austin, Texas,
October 7th, 1899, by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

From allied forms the present species may be readily recognized as
follows :

From cognatus by the green vertex, violet thorax, and shorter plum-
osity of the arista.

From /ineatus it differs in the coloration of the thorax, the sub-
pedunculate hypopygium and the lighter coloured lamelle.

7. Paraclius hybridus, un. sp. (Figs. 4, 5.)

Ma/le.—Length 3.75-4.25 mm., wing 3.5-4 mm. Face and palpi
covered with a golden-gray dust, partially shining, face rather broad.
Proboscis prominent, piceous, gray-dusted. Antenne red; third joint
slightly longer than broad, bluntly pointed, infuscated, especially towards
tip; arista tapering, moderately plumose. Front cupreous, dusted with
golden. Post-ocular cilia yellowish below. Dorsum of thorax and
scutellum bronzed, opaque-dusted. Immediately above base of wing a
black spot extends forward. Abdomen bronzed, somewhat shining, gray-
dusted, especially towards sides. Hypopygium subsessile; lamellz small,
triangular, piceous except at base on dorsal side, where pubescence is also
lighter. The usual lamellar filament is wholly wanting. Pleura glaucous.
Coxe with black hairs ; fore coxz yellow, except extreme base ; middle
cox glaucous largely, and hind ones less so, on outer side. Legs reddish
yellow ; tarsi darkened from tip of first joint; hind femora ciliate with
short black hairs below. Wings grayish-hyaline ; bend of fourth vein less
sharply angulate than in fpropinguus. Tegule and halteres yellow;
halteres with black cilia.

Female.—Length 3.75-4.75 mm., wing 3.25-4.25 mm. Coloration
as in male.

Seven males and five females taken at Woods Holl, Mass., July 14th
to 27th, 1899, by Dr. Wm. M. Wheeler.

This species was taken in the same netful with another Parac/ius and
a Pelastoneurus. The proportions taken were ;

142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Male. Female.

Pelastoneurus lamellatus, Loew..............15 18
FAP OHES FVOTINUS be. a5. i em oe Oe 5
Paraclius propinguus, W neice pasts Strate S 13

The intermediate character of he new species seems to indicate
a case of hybridism, but the data are not sufficient to bear out this sup-
position. Hybridus shows affinity for Pe/astoneurus in the trend of the
fourth longitudinal vein and in the lack of the filamentous appendages of
the hypopygial lamelle. | The other characters are, however, Paraclian.
It may be readily recognized by the following combination of characters :
Antenne largely red ; base of fore coxz narrowly dark ; front bronzed ;
lamelle of hypopygium triangular.
8. Mematoproctus venustus, n..sp. (Fig. 12.)

Male.—Length 4.75 mm., wing 4.5 mm. Face narrow, of nearly
equal width, reaching three-fourths of the distance from the antennz to
the lower corner of the eye, covered with silvery dust. Palpi small,

yellow, inserted at sides of proboScis. Proboscis piceous, sparsely

pubescent. Antenne short, reddish ; first joint longest, glabrous ; third
ovate, short, with dorsal, long, bare arista (pubesence scarcely perceptible
under higher power). Front shining green, the white of the face
encroaching along the sides above the antenne. Post-ocular cilia yellow ;
lower occiput with long yellow hairs. Eyes hairy. Thoracic dorsum and
scutellum brilliant green, slightly dusted anteriorly, and with faint
indications of median cupreous stripings; above the base of the wing a
velvety black spot present, stronger anteriorly. Abdomen hairy,
incisures blackened ; first segment brassy green, second and _ third
translucent yellow, fourth cupreous becoming green, sixth green ;
hypopygium small, rounded, piceous, pubescent, terminal, with long,
filiform, infuscated, hairy appendages; internal appendages inconspicuous ;
penis short, perpendicular. Pleura greenish, gray-dusted. Middle and
posterior coxz concolorous with pleura; anterior cox yellow. Legs
yellow, except posterior tarsi and outer fourth of posterior tibia, which
are infuscated ; pulvilli not conspicuous Wings clear, broadest about
the middle; last segment of fifth vein once and one-half the length of
the cross-vein ; cross-vein oblique ; last section of fourth vein converging
towards third, then subparallel towards tip, distant from third vein, and
terminating at tip of wing. Halteres and tegule yellow ; tegular cilia
long, pale yellow.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143

One male specimen taken by Mr. C. W. Johnson, at Westville, N.
J., June 6.

‘Though the genus Vematoproctus has been abandoned by European
dipterologists, it may be reinstated, at least provisionally, for this species
whose habitus is different from any North American Diaphorus with
which genus Vematoproctus has been united. The genus has never
before been recognized outside of Europe.

9. Lachytrechus volitans,n. sp. (Fig. 8.)

Ma/le.—Differs from /loridensis as follows: Front thickly covered
with brownish dust, face with ochraceous dust. First joint of antenne,
when viewed from behind, brownish; when viewed from the front, opaque-
black, except inner projection. Ground-colour of thorax of a brilliant
metallic copper-colour, which shines through the thick coating of brown
dust. Pleura and coxz heavier white-dusted. Hind femora dark up to
very tip. Pulvilli relatively longer, snow-white. Abdomen more cupre-
ous. Pedicel of hypopygium more slender ; hypopygium with penis pro-
jecting, distinct ; lamelle of similar form, but without the long black basal
bristles, and evenly and closely fringed on outer side with longer hairs.
The spot at tip of wing arises at tip of third vein and passes back so that
the fourth vein bisects it. The third vein arches posteriorly at outer
fourth. The fourth vein bends backwards at tip. The posterior cross-
vein is less oblique and more sinuate.

The female differs from the male in the same characters as in FVori-
densts.

One male and one female, from twelve miles north-west of Lusk,
Wyoming; July, 1895; from the collection of the University of Kansas
10. Lachytrechus protervus, n. sp. (Figs. 6, 7.)

Male.—Length 4.25 mm., of wing 4 mm. _ Face narrowed in middle,
silvery dusted, yellower toward antennz. Antenne large, yellow ; first
joint short, second and third fully developed ; third joint rounded, infus-
cated above and toward tip, bearing the dorsal arista once and two-thirds
the length of the antenna. Vertex brownish-velvety. Post-ocular cilia
black above, pale yellow, slender below. Thorax piceous green ; above
the base of the wing the horizontal black velvety macule and anterior
silvery spot are present, above the former the dorsum is cupreous. Ab-

-domen dark green, silvery-dusted along sides, incisures well marked.
Hypopygium piceous, lamellw subrectangular, dark, hairy, evenly fringed
with short biack hairs, which are lighter dorsally toward base. Pleura

144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

black, silvery-dusted ; metapleura prominent ; coxe concolorous except
extreme tip, fore cox bronze-dusted in front. Legs black, except the
following: Tips of femora below, basal two-thirds of middle and hind
tibiz, and front metatarsi, which are dark yellowish. ~The fore legs are
ornamented as follows: Tibiz thickened, dusted with yellow on anterior
surface, and with longitudinal rows of short black bristles; tarsi com-
pressed, first joint a little shorter than the rest together, pulvilli large.
Wings hyaline ; anal angle mvch fuller than in angustipennis ; fourth vein
turned forward toward third, ending considerably before the tip of the
wing ; posterior cross-vein distant its length from the apex of the fifth vein,
bowed inward and surrounded by a very faint cloud. ‘Tegular cilia black.

Female.—Length 5.5 mm., of wing 5 mm. Differs as follows from
the male: Face ochraceous. Infra-ocular cilia a little stronger. Vertex,
thorax, and abdomen a more brassy, brighter green. Red at tip of femora
more spread, and at base of middle and posterior tibiz more restricted ;
fore tibiz yellow, with ordinary bristles ; fore tarsi not compressed, first
joint equal to next three. Wings with faint yellowish tinge, cross-vein
more oblique. ;

One male from Clementon, N. J., May 10, 1896, and one female
from Delaware Water Gap, N. J., July 8. Both specimens were received
from Mr. C. W. Johnson. .

The following combination of characters briefly distinguishes this
species from all the known species of Zachytrechus :

Male artista without an enlargement; fourth v2in curved forward,
ending near third and distant from tip ; cilia of inferior orbit pale ; wings
unspotted; antennex largely red ; fore femora plain, more or less yellow-
tipped.

In 1878 Mik* established the genus J/aced/ocerus, basing it upon
Tachytrechus mechus, Loew. From TZachytrechus this genus differed
thus: ‘‘ Zweites Fuehlerglied rudimentaer, das dritte klein, mit ausseror-
dentlich verlaengerter, dorsaier Borste, welche am Ende schaufelfoermig
erweitert ist. Der letzte Abschnitt der vierten Laengsader convergirt stark
gegen die dritte, so dass die Muendungen dieser beiden Adern nahe einan-
der stehen.” The addition of protervus leaves Macellocerus based upon
a single male character. Concerning the inadvisability of erecting a
genus upon maechus, Dr. Loew had already written.

*Zur Kenntnis der Dolichopodiden, Dipterologische Untersuch ungen, p. 5.
+Morographs of N. Am. Dolichopodide, p. 112.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145

PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY
VESPOIDEA

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No. 1.)

In the Canapian Enromovocist, during the year 1898, I gave
a series of papers on the classification of the horntails and sawflies,
representing the superfamilies Srr1compeEa (Xylophaga) and TENTHREDIN-
OIDEA (Phyilophaga) ; while the past year, 1899, I gave a classification of
the entomophilous wasps, or the superfamily SpHECOIDEA (incorrectly
spelt Sphegoidea).

The present year, 1900, with the permission of the Editor, it is
my intention to give a similar series of papers on the classification of the
superfamily VESPOIDEA, a large natural group, representing the genuine
fossorial wasps, the papermaking wasps, potter wasps, and the predaceous,
inquilinous and parasitic wasps.

The wasps belonging to this superfamily are apparently closely allied
to the wasps in the superfamily Sphecoidea, and have been quite recently
classified with them; but they differ too widely, in various ways, to
be included in the same family.

The superfamily Vespoidea I consider a compact, natural group, and
it is readily separated from the Sphecoidea by the species falling in it
always having the posterior /ateral angles of the pronotum extending back
to and touching the tegula, leaving no space, or sclerite, between.

The ¢rochanfers in all the families in this superfamily, except in
the single family Zrgonalide, are, as in the entomophilous wasps,
composed of a single joint; but in this family, however, there are ¢wo
more or less well defined jozwfs, a character overlooked when I published
my tabie of superfamilies in the Journal of the N. Y. Entomological
Society, Vol. VII., p. 46.

The table, therefore, should be corrected to read as follows :

cc. Trochanters 2-jointed.

Mandibles large, 4-dentate; hind wings w/¢/ a distinct venation,
with two basal cells and a
radius..:.............superfamily III., Vespoidea (pars).

146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Mandibles never very darge nor 4-dentate, either simple, bi-
dentate, or at most 3-dentate ; hind wings without a distinct
venation, at most, ae rare/y, with only one basal cell, the
radius always absent......Superfamily V., Proctotrypoidea.

SUPERFAMILY III.—Vespoidea.

The families belonging to this superfamily may be distinguished
by the characters made use of in the following table:

Table of Families.

Abdomen either sessile or petiolate, with the first ventral segment
distinctly separated from ithe second by a more or less deep
constriction or transverse furrow ; legs most frequently fossorial. .5.

Abdomen either sessile or petiolate, but the second ventral segment mot
separated from the first by a strong constriction or transverse furrow ;
if somewhat constricted, then the legs are wo¢ fossorial and the wings
are usually folded in repose; in the former case the legs may be either
fossorial or simple. -

Posterior legs usually short, the femora rarely reaching to or at least
extending much beyond the middle of the abdomen; beak: most
frequently not fossorial. ee é wee 2

Posterior legs long, the femora most irequentl reachines to or eee
the tip of the abdbmens tibiz in 2 most frequently serrate or
spinous, more rarely Benet ae ; middle tibiz with two
apical Spmrs<ceacn ts oe ai Reenle XXVIT. ee

2. Wings not falded in repose ; 9 sometimes apterous.. 2). =ee eae
Wings folded in repose ; never apterous.

Claws simple; middle tibiz with two apical spurs; sexes three,

DO Dhara cessed cals cu ne y cone ce Mamaly SOV

Claws with one or more em nenenhl middle tibiz with one or

two apical spurs.; sexes two, 2 and ¢ .. Family XXIX., Eumenide.

3. Metathoracic angles usually acutely produced, the metanotum pos-

teriorly concave; scutellum large, flat, convex, conical or spined ;

if the metathoracic angles are rounded, which occurs rarely, the
abdomen has only from 3 to 5 visible segments.

Abdomen normal, with at least 6 distinct segments, the venter
flat; antenne usually strongly clavate, in 2 knobbed at apex ,
scutellum very large, flat; species zo¢ metallic ; antennez never
more than 12-jointed.............Family XXX., Masaridz.

———_— err rer cee

—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147

Abdomen abnormal, with from 3 to 5 visible segments, the
terminal segments most frequently retractile, telescopic-like,
the venter concave or flat; species metallic; antennz most
frequently filiform, inserted close to the anterior border of the
head, 13-jointed, scutellum convex, conical or spined, rarely
Mabey <i). fev. sais. Cee eee AMly OKs 1, * Chirysidide.

Metathoracic angles rarely toothed or acutely produced, the metanotum
posteriorly squarely truncate or rounded, not concave ; scutellum
normal or in some wingless females entirely absent; antennz
filiform or subclavate, rarely flabellate in some males ; abdomen
always with more than 5 dorsal segments.

Hind wings wtf a distinct venation, and always zwthout anal
lobes ; females never apterous. ....... meet chk Bee!
Hind wings zwthout a distinct venation, dea always with an anal
lobe; females often apterous; middle tibie with two apical
spurs ; antenne tro- to 26-jointed...Family XXXIL., Bethylide.

4. Trochanters 2-jointed; middle tibie with ¢wo apical spurs; eyes
normal, zo¢ emarginate within; antennee long, filiform, 15-jointed

Or more, similar in both sexes..... Family XXXIII., Trigonalide.
Trochanters 1-jointed ; middle tibiz with ove apical spur ; eyes reni-
form or emarginate within; antennz in @ 12-jointed, in ¢ 13-

jointed . ERM arte Tee ak nn ...Family XXXIV., Sapygide.
i Pose Contiguous or ees: SRE ie rey
Middle cox distant, usually widely separa ore Reale

6. Stigma in the front wings oft well developed, at the most only slightly
developed, either very small or linear ; eyes most frequently emar-
ginate within ; middle tibiz with two apical spurs.

Pygidium in ¢ deeply emarginate at apex, the hypopygium
terminating in a sharp thorn or aculeus, which curves upwards
and rests in the emargination of the pygidium ; claws
BE ete ga aes bony, « ven a ape PLY Oe Vs Ee

Pygidium in ¢ entire, or at most with only a slight sinus, the
ae terminating in three spines; claws
RENE Ss qears ..Family XXXVL., Scoliide.

Stigma in ae wings elt develoneen ovate or subovate ; eyes entire,
neyer emarginate within; pygidium in ¢ entire, the hypopygium
terminating in a sharp aculeus which curves
MAPS N a elas a1 inde a+ s+ sag Daly Kaen LL, Liphiida,

148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

7. Females always apterous, and ae but not always, without ocelli;

eyes wana blew cspaan vaniae a ey i. 7S eee
Females always wineed, with Binellis eyes sate: alway extending to
base of mandibles. oe Seca : . >) pee

8. Abdomen sessile or sabaeesiie! sila vie pike a more or less distinct
constriction between dorsal segments 1 and 2; front wings with the
stigma well developed, the marginal cell usually attaining the costa
at apex (rarely rounded or truncate at apex, with a slight space be-
tween Cosz/a and allies); hind wings usually without an anal lobe,
the cubitus either interstitial or originating beyond the transverse
median nervure ; very rarely originating before-it ; tibial spurs 1, 2,
2; tarsal joints normal; eyes entire; ocelli normal; hypopygium
entire, not ending in a spine oran aculeus. Family XXX VIIL.,Cosilide.

Abdomen longly petiolate ; front wings with the stigma small, not well
developed, the second recurrent nervure subobsolete ; hind wings
bilobed, the cubitus originating far beyond the transverse median
nervure; tibial spurs very long, ‘straight ; tarsal joints 2-3 in 9?
dilated, deeply excised or lobed and filled with a membrane between
the lobes ; eyes emarginate within ; ocelli very large; antennz very
long, filiform, the es with a bristle-like spine at
apex. 48 Jou .. Family XXXIX., Rhopalosomide.

g. Middle tibie VE two apical spurs, rarely with one only, or none
in some males.

Middle cox usually slightly separated by a triangular or bilobed
projection of the mesosternum; females with the thorax divided
into three parts, the pygidium usually subcompressed or other-
wise formed, usually abnormal; hypopygium in ¢ most
frequently armed.................Family XL., Thynnidz.

Middle cox contiguous, not separated by a triangular or bilobed
projection of the mesosternum, the latter being squarely trun-
cate at apex.

Thorax in the @ divided into two parts; pygidium normal ;
hypopygium in ¢ produced into a sharp aculeus which
curves upwards (very rarely simple, unarmed); hind wings
with a distinct anal lobe, the cubitus originating from the
apex of the submedian cell, interstitial with the transverse
median nervure, or rarely originating beyond
es Diteeias cs oi. eee .. Family XLI., Myrmosidz.

—_—”,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149

Thorax in @ undivided, all the parts being closely united
or soldered together, and wthout visible sutures between ;
pygidium normal; hypopygium in ¢ simple, unarmed, but
the genital plate is armed with two slender straight spines
which project more or less distinctly from the tip of the
abdomen ; hind wings w/t¢iaut an anal lobe, the cubitus
originating far defore the transverse median
HEPVUTC 2), oo 9 Sl eae eb amily XLIT.; Matilde.

Famity XXVII.—Pompilide.

This family, which is the first to be treated of in the superfamily, has
long been known under the family name Pompilide.

The first genus to be described in the family, however, was Ceropades,
Latreille, in 1796, which antedates Pompilus, Fabr., fully two years, the
latter not being described until 1798, so that, following the now well-
established rule in zoological nomenclature, viz., that a family name must
be based upon the first genus described, the name /ompilide should
probably give way to CEROPALID.

I am opposed to changing a well-established family name, and after
much hesitation and long deliberation, I venture to retain this long-
established family name.

The family Pompilidz is quite distinct from all the others in the
superfamily, by the uniform /aditus of the species, the only group with
which any of the species could be confused being probably some forms in
the Vespide (subfamily Polistinze), some species of which bear a superficial
resemblance in size, colour and shape to Pompi/us and allies ; but the non-
folded wings, the venation of the wings, and the length and characteristic
features of the legs, as well as cephalic, mandibular and palpal characters,
readily separate them from the Vespidz.

The history of the family and our present knowledge of the genera,
may be best shown by giving the bibliography of the genera in chrono-
logical order, as follows:

1796.— Ceropales, Latreille, Prec. car. gener. Insect, p. 123. 1798.—
Pompilus, Fabricius, Syst. Entom. Suppl, p. 246. 1804.—Sadius.
-Fabricius, Syst. Piez., p. 124. 1806.—Cryptochet/us, Panzer, Krit. Revis.
II., 120. 1808.—Aforus, Spinola, Insect. Ligur., II, p.5. 1822.—
Planiceps, Latreille, Nouv. dict. hist, natur., p. ?. 1830.—AMacromeris,
Lepeletier, Magas. de Zool., I., pp. 29-30. 1836.—Chirodamus, Haliday,

150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XVII., p. 326. 1837.—Agenia (p. 321),
Priocnemis {Prionocnemis), p. 325, and fisyron, p. 34., Schiddte.
Naturh. Tidsskr., I. 1840.—JAZygnimia, Shuckard, Nat. Arrang. Insects,
Pp. 179. 1844.—P/atyderes, Guerin, Icon. regn. anim., VII., Insects, p.
435. 1845.—Zntypus (p. 35), Hemipepsis (p. 123), Homonotus (p. 414),
Pogonius (p. 453), Ctenocerus (p. 456), and Cyphononyx, Dahlb. (p. 461),
Hym.Eur.,I. 1845.—Zvagetes (p. 390), Micropteryx (p. 396), Calicurgus
(p. 397), Anoplius (p. 442), Ferreola (p. 467), and Padlosoma (p. 492),
Lepeletier, Hist. nat. des Ins. Hym., III. 1851-2.—C/avelia, Lucas
(=Ctenocerus, Dahib., preoc.), Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (2), [X.; Bull. p. 1,
XXV.;et (2) X., p. 417. 1855.—AMWaurillus (p. 170), Notocyphus (p. 172),
and Parapompilus (p. 176), Smith (= Micropteryx, Lapel., preoc.), Cat.
Hym. Brit. Mus., III. 1867.—Entypus, Saussure, xec Dahlbom, Reise
de Novara, Hym., II., p. 50. 1884.—Paracyphonyx, Magretti, Ann.
Mus. civ. Genova, XXI., p. 44. 1884.—Sphictostethus, Kohl (p. 47);
Ffoploneura, Kohl (p. 47), =Hoploneurion, Kohl, and £pipom-
pelus, Kohl (p. 57), Verh. Zoolog.-bot. Gesell. in Wien. 1887.—Dzéplonyx,
Cyphonyx (Cyphononyx), Heteronyx, and Schistosalius, Saussure, Soc.
Ent., II., p. 3. 1887.—Lophopompilus, p. 42, and Pompiloides,
Radoszkowski, p. 94, Hore Soc. Ent. Ross, XXI. 1887.— Zelostegus
(p. 88), Wesmelinus (p. 46), and Pseudopompilus (p. 80), Costa (A.),
Prosp. Imen. Ital., I]. 1888.—Pseudoferreola, Radoszkowski (p. 477),
Ceropaleoides (p. 486), and Prionocnemoides, Radoszkowski, Bull. Soc.
Natural d. Moscow. 1889.—Meracus, Tournier, Entom. Genev., L., p.
137. 1892.—Hemisalius (p. 313), Hemipogonius (p. 334), Stenagenia
(p. 338), Crenagenia (p. 342), and Schistonyx, Saussure, in Grandidier’s
Hist. de Madagascar, XX.

Classification of the Family.

Comparatively little effort has been made by those who have treated
of these wasps to indicate the natural major groups of the family, or to
indicate the natural relationship of the different genera.

Lepeletier, in Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hymenopteres, tome
III., 1845, treats the family as representing two tribes in his Famille 14,
Les Sphecides, viz., 4° Tribu. Pompilites, withg genera: Aporus, Evagetes,
Planiceps, Salius, Micropteryx, Calicurgus, Pompilus, Anoplius and
Macromeris ; and 5° Tribu. Pepsites, with 4 genera: Ceropales, Ferreola,
Pepsis and Padlosoma. 3

my

—e

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151

Frederick Smith, in his Catalogue of the Hymenoptera in the British
Museum, Vol. III., 1855, ignores these tribes, but correctly treats the
famiiy as distinct from the Sphecide. He has recognized 13 distinct
genera, arranged in the following sequence: Pompilus, Maurillus n. g.,
Salius, Notocyphus n. g., Ctenocerus (=Clavelia, Lucas), Planiceps,
Aporus, Parapompilus wv. n.; for Muicropteryx, Lepel.; Ceropales,
Macromeris, Mygnimia and Pepsts.

Under the genus /ompz/us, Smith incorrectly includes as synonyms
Priocnemis, Agenia, Episyron, Calicurgus and Anopilus. Maurillus,
Smith, placed by Dalla Torre in his recent catalogue as a synonym of
Pompilus, does not belong to the family, but is evidently a good genus
in the family Cosz/zde, to which family also belong Dicrogenium, Stadel-
mann, described as a Bethylid, and Fedtschenkia, Saussure, at present
placed with the Mutz/dide.

The next paper of any great importance on the group, is by Dr.
Franz Frederick Kohl, entitled ‘‘ Die Gattungen der Pompiliden,’
published in the Verhanlungen Zoolog-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien,
1884, pp. 33-58.

In this important contribution Dr. Kohl gives a table of genera and
has recognized as valid 15 genera and several subgenera and groups,
arranged as follows.

I.—Macromeris, Lepeletier. Type M. splendida, Lepel. II.—
Agenia, Schiodte. Types A. variegata, L., and A. bifasciata, Fabr. III.—
Pseudagenia, Kohl, n. g. Type Agenia carbonaria, Scop. IV.—Sadius,
Fabricius. Types S. bicolor and S. punctatus, Fabr., = Priocnemis,
Schiudte ; Hemipepsis, Dahlb.; Homonotus, Dahlb.; Eutypus, Dahlb.;
‘Pallosoma, Lepel.; Wygnimia, Smith.

Four groups of subgenera are indicated: Gr. (1) Cyphonyx, (2)
Priocnemis, (3) Hemipepsis, and (4) not named, with Hemipepsis heros,
Guerin, as type. V.—Cadicurgus, Lepeletier. Type C. fasciatellus,
Lepel. VI.—Vepsis, Fabricius. Types PP. ruficornis, dimidiata,
amethystina, ccerulea, stellata, elevata, and grossa, Fabr. VII.—
Sphictostethus, Kohl, n. g. Type Pompilus Gravesii, Hal., =Agenia
speciosa, Spin. VIII.—AHoploneura, Kohl, n. g. Type H. apogona,
‘Kohl. This genus was subsequently changed to Hoploneurion. IX.—
Parapompilus, Smith, =Micropteryx, Lepel. Type P. (Micropteryx)
brevipennis, Lepel. X.—C/avelia, Lucas, =Ctenocerus, Dahlb. Type
C. poinpiliformis, Lucas. XI.—JVotocyphus, Smith. Type N. levis-

152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

simus, Smith. XII.—Ceropa/es, Latreille. Type C. maculata, Fabr.
XII1.—fompilus, Fabricius. Types P. viaticus, ursus, Fabr., = Aporus,
Spin.; Episyron, Schiodte ; Anoplius, Lepel.; Evagetes, Lepel.; Salius,
Dahlb.; Homonotus, Dahlb., and Ferreola, Smith.

Dr. Kohl, however, recognized 18 minor groups, briefly defined, but
without specifying, in most cases, the species belonging in them. His
groups he has arranged thus: Gr. (1), Pompilus, Thoms.; Gr. (2),
Aporus ; Gr. (3), no name ; Gr. (4), no name; Gr. (5), Aporus ; Gr. (6),
no name; Gr. (7), no name; Gr. (8), Aporus ; Gr. (9), no name; Gr.
(10), dporus : Gr. (tr), Aporus ; Gr. (12), Episyron, Schiodte ; Gr. (13),
Pompilus 6-maculatus, Spin., =venustus, Wesm., =fraterculus, Costa ;
Gr. (14), Aporus; Gr. (15), Aomonotus, Dahlb., p. 35; Saltus
sanguinolentus, Dahlb., p. 34; Gr. (16), Ferreola, Smith; Gr. (17),
Ferreola, Smith; Gr. (18), FPedinaspis, Kohl. Type P. operculatus,
Klug.

XIV.— Planiceps, Latreille. Type Pompilus planiceps, Latr. XV.—
Epipvompilus, Kohl, n. g. Type 4. maximiliani, Kohl.

This arrangement of Dr. Kohl’s is in nosense a natural one. He
has “lumped ” many good genera (or natural groups) and interpolated, or
at least brought into juxtaposition, genera or groups that are wzdely
separated, and, again, widely separated others that are closely allied. I
hope to bring this out clearly in my tables later on, when I shall call
more special attention to some of these unnatural groupings.

Dr. Paolo Magretti, in this same year, 1884, in the Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, Vol. XXI., p. 44, established the genus Paracyphonyx, an
interesting new genus allied to Cyphonyx.

In 1887, Achilles Costa, in his Prosp. Imen. Ital., IL, established
three new genera, recorded above.

Genl. O. Radoszkowski, in the Bull. de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. de
Moscow, (2) II., 1888, in his paper entitled ‘Revision des armures
copulatrices des males de famille Pompilidz,” points out and figures
excellent characters in the male genital organs of several genera. The
difference in the male copulatory organ in Cerofades was so great that he
remarks : “ L’armure copulatrice du genre Ceropa/es n’a rien de commun
avec la famille Pompilids, except la presence de palpes genital.”

Genl. Radoszkowski subsequently makes Cerofades the type of a
distinct family, the Ceropadide. The group is a natural one, and is here
treated as a subfamily. s

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153

Tournier’s genus J/eracus, established in 1889, Entom. Genev., I,,
p. 137, I do not know, nor have I seen the description.

Saussure, in Grandidier’s Histoire de Madagascar, Vol. XX., 1892,
following the ideas of Lepeletier, recognized two tribes, Pompi/iens and
Pepsiens, but gives no substantial characters to support this separation,
his tribe Pepsiens being composed of the genus Pepsis, and the Pompiliens
of all the other genera.

The last author who has treated of the family is our well-known
American hymenopterologist, Win. J. Fox, of the Philadelphia Academy
of Sciences, who, in the Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci. for 1894, divided the
family into three tribes, (1) Ceropalini, (2) Notocyphini, and (3) Pompilini.

Two of these groups, the Ceropalini and the Notocyphini, are
natural groups, the first correctly separated by Radoszkowski, but the
third, or the Pompilini, is, as interpreted by Fox, a most unnatural group
—a potpourri for the residue of the Pompilid genera.

The greatest difficulty in a study of the family has been the correla-
tion of the very dissimilar sexes of some of the genera and the separation
of the family into natural major groups. ‘This difficulty has been the
stumbling-block upon which most of the older authors fell, and upon
which even to-day some of our most active workers are stumbling. Two
or three cases may be cited for exampie: Fox, in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc.,
XVIIL., described two Pompilids from Jamaica, Sadius opacifrons 9 and
Agenia compressa g ; both, however, represent a single species, and neither
sex belongs to the genus assigned to it by Fox. Another case in point is
the Agenia belfragei, Cresson, a male insect, which was probably placed
here by Cresson and Fox on account of the smooth, non-spinous legs, but
which has no relation with a true Agenia.

Many other cases could be cited, but these, I think, will do to show
the difficulty of the study of the Pompilide, and how deficient our
generic definitions must be when our most able hymenopterologists are
so easily led astray by superficial resemblances.

My studies in the family convince me that there are at least six
major groups in the family, designated here as subfamilies, distinguished
as follows :

Table of Subfamilies.
Labrum large, free, distinct; anterior tarsiin 2 always without a comb,
the hind tibize smooth, never sfzmous, or at most with only a few feedde,
EME DOLCE DEIOLE SPMIES) 1. ce id 2g 2 sort A ete Same Le. kp doco

154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUUIST.

Labrum neither large, /vee, nor distinct, usually entirely hidden under the
clypeus, or at most with only a part—-the tip—exposed ; anterior tarsi
in 2 most frequently zt a comb ; hind tibiz in ? frequently serrate
and spinous, or only spinous, more rarely smooth, w7thout spines, except
in males.

Second ventral segment always zvithout a transverse grooved line,
impression or emargination ; hind tibie in ? ever serrate, although
usually spined in both sexes ; stigma rarely well developed... .. 2.

Second ventral segment in 2 zw/¢h a distinct transverse grooved line,
impression or emargination ; stigma well developed.

Hind tibiz in 2 most frequently strongly serrate and also spinous,
rarely without teeth or indistinctly serrate, in the latter case
with a strong longitudinal ridge ; in ¢ simple, neither serrate
nor spinous, the hind tarsi very long, often more or less
flattened or compressed, the basal joint long and often bent
or more or less curved; second ventral segment wth
a transverse Pan -line or emargination in both
sexes. Be Lange . Subfamily I., Pepsin.

Hind Abies in Loe sexes aneatli aithout teeth or spines, at the
most with very minute, scarcely perceptible cr feeble spines,
never with a distinct longitudinal ridge ; second ventral
segment wéth the transverse grooved line present in 2 only,
absent in gw... .....9..00-. 0... oubfannlp ieee

2. Hind tibiz in doth sexes smooth, wéthout spines, or at most with very

minute, scarcely perceptible or feeble spines........ tpt eae
Hind tibiz in doth sexes always strongly or distinctly spire the spines
always well developed.

Antenne inserted on the anterior margin of the head om or below
an imaginary line drawn from the base of the eyes ; head antero-
posteriorly very thin, the face, clypeus and temples in ? very

Antenne inserted far above such a line, or on or near the middle
of the face, or at least considerably adove the basal suture of
the clypeus ; head normal, or nearly ; front wings with two or
three cubital cells.

Clypeus anteriorly not produced, truncate or emarginate,
not wholly covering the mandibles; pronotum rarely
long.... cam E eet ... Subfamily III., Pompiline.:

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155

Clypeus anteriorly semicircularly produced, covering the
mandibles; pronotum always long, at least as long as the
mesonotum....... ....Subfamily IV., Planicepinz (pars).

3. Front wings with three cubital cells.

Head antero-posteriorly not especially thin, the face and clypeus at
least subconvex, never flat ; the antenne inserted om or near the
middle of the face, always considerably above an imaginary line
drawn from bases of eyes, (Males only).Subfamily II., Ageniine.

Head antero-posteriorly very thin, the face and clypeus very flat, the
antenne inserted towards the anterior margin of the head on or
or just above an imaginary line drawn from bases of eyes
(mand ¢ )e... 2. 2.0... sia. subfamily, TV., Planicepinz (pars).

4. Pronotum as long or longer than the mesonotum ; front coxe long,
usually longer than the hind coxe, the front femora in 9 often much
swollen or greatly incrassated.........Subfamily IV., Planicepine.

5. Pronotum very long; metanotum as long or longer than the meso-
notum; eyes entire, zo¢ at all emarginate within ; antenne in ?,
after death, involute at tips; cubitus in hind wings interstitial or
originating Jdefore the transverse median nervure; hind tibize
not or rarely longer than their femora, usually

shorter. . A Poe é Bae . Subfamily V., Notocyphine.

Pronotum not pdowy, ehorier than ee mesonotum ; metanotum short,
much shorter than the mesonotum and obliquely truncate posteriorly ;
eyes subemarginate within ; antenne in 9, after death, straight, of
involute ; cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the trans-
verse median nervure; hind tibiae much longer than _ their

Re irs ey 2 Si 92s ode oe eee Dlammly-V 1. Ceropalins.

THE.LARVA OF EUSTIXIA PUPULA, HUBN.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The larva of this not uncommon little Pyralid feeds on the seeds
of the peppergrass. It has not been described heretofore ; the name
as given by Packard (American Naturalist, I1V., 229) is an error of
identification, the species which he represents, copied from Abbot’s
manuscript drawing, being Hnemza crasstnervella, Zell., a Tineid. The
true larva of Z. pupu/a lives singly in the heads of the peppergrass in a
loose open web, eating the unripe seeds out of the flat pods, forming two
holes in each pod on the upper side. The larve, though fully exposed,

156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

are difficult to see, as their colours harmonize well with the general
appearance of the flower heads. The delicate open web is not
conspicuous.

The number of larval stages has not been definitely determined,
but I think there are seven. At first the little larva is entirely green, the
head only pale testaceous. Later (by stage IV.) there are faint subdorsal
and subventral pale shades with slight dusky bands between.

Stage V.—Green, subdorsal and subventral lines yellowish, faint, not
distinctly broken in the incisures, the red shades between them faint ;
width of head 8 mm.

Stage Vf.—Head slightiy below joint 2, teStaceous green, the
clypeus high; width 1 mm. Body slender, green, the segments
faintly transversely banded with yellow, also yellowish subventrally ; dull
crimson dorsal and lateral patches in the yellow bands, fainter at
the extremities. Sete long, slender, dusky, iv. + v. on the prominent
subventral fold.

Stage V/7.—Head green, mottied with brown over the lobes, oceili
black ; width 1.2 mm. Body green, subventral fold narrowly whitish,
dorsal segmental bands of dull crimson reaching the subventral fold, the
edges irregular, projecting a little before at the spiracle. Sete fine,
dusky, rather long. The bands are on every segment from the
prothoracic to the tenth abdominal.

Cocoon of silk, small and tough.

food plant peppergrass (Lepidium virginicum).

LARVA FROM HAWATI—A CORRECTION.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Meyrick’s work on the Macrolepidoptera of the Hawaiian Islands* is a
revelation of our previous ignorance of that fauna, since he describes no
less than 200 new species out of a total of 292. ;

I have formerly described the larva of a Noctuid from Hawaii as
Laphygma flavimaculata, Harv., but find, on consulting Mr. Meyrick’s
paper, that the name was wrongly applied. The five larve bred by me
in Hawaii are as follows : —

Lycena boetica, Linn.
Larve within the flowers of Crotalaria longirostrata at Honolulu.

*Fauna Hawaiiensis, Vol. I., part 2, Macrolepidoptera, by E. Meyrick, 1&99.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157

Eggs, four larval stages and chrysalis observed ; widths of head .15, .3,
.6, 1.0 mm. It is not necessary to describe at length this common
European species.

Sphinx convolvuli, Linn.

Described as Protoparce cingulata, Ent. News, VI., 95, 1895.
Spodoptera mauritia, Boisd.

Described as Laphygma flavimaculata, CAN. ENt., XXVI., 65, 1894.
The true favimacudata, Harv. (= Spodoptera exigua, Hiibn.), was taken,
but not bred. The species were confused.

Plusia chalcites, Esp.

Larva a general feeder ; found at Honolulu. Abdominal feet on
joints g, to and 13. Head rounded, clypeus large, green, with a. few
black dots in some and a line on the side, some distance behind the
ocelli. Body green, somewhat transparent, tubercles black. Double
dorsal and subdorsal lines, crenulate, pale yellow, the subdorsal ones
forming curves around the tubercles, not crossing them ; a single, straight
faint substigmatal line ; spiracles black.

Pupa very pale green with a broad brown band on the back, which is
irregularly streaked transversely with darker brown. Ina thin cocoon of
white silk.

Found on Ipomeea, Crotalaria, Canna, etc.

Omiodes Blackburnt, But).

Meyrick says the larva feeds on banana ; but all mine were found on
cocoanut palm (Cocos nucifera), to which they were very injurious.
Found at Honolulu, sewing together the leaves behind, in the folds, with
bands of thread at intervals. Several larve together ; they eat at the top
and finally spin cocoons at the base of the Jeaf. Head rounded, median
suture not deep, clypeus and mouth-parts small ; minutely shagreened, not
conspicuously ; sete rather long ; dull white, sordid, almost testaceous,
with six moderately large black spots on each lobe, one over ocelli, one
above this in line with another near the top of the clypeus ; one above this
latter and another very near the median suture ; two more below the ver-
tex, elongate and almost contiguous, directed towards the side of head;
‘jaws pale brown, black at base and tip; width 3 mm. _ Body elongate,
slender, transparent and nearly colourless, the green food showing by
transparency. Joint 13 divided by a moderately distinct suture.
Tubercles i. to iii. large, almost perfectly flat, transparent ; subventral

158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

tubercles smaller and indistinct. A pale yellow, double, dorsal line,
edging the dorsal vessel; trachez white, showing by transparency ;
spiracles small, faintly yellowish ; feet pale. Pupa cylindrical, slender,
slightly tapering, the antennz and leg-cases projecting beyond the wing-
cases; cremaster conical, not much flattened, terminating in several
recurved spines. Colour pale brown, darker in the abdominal sutures.
Length 17, width 4 mm. 2

TORONTO BRANCH OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF ONTARIO.

The fifth annual meeting of the Toronto branch of the Entomological
Society of Ontario was held on Friday evening, April 6th, in the Education
Department. The chair was occupied by the Vice-President, Mr. E. M.
Walker, and there was a good attendance of members. Four new names
were proposed for membership. The President, Mr. Arthur Gibson, owing
to his duties as assistant in the Division of Entomology at the Central
Experimental Farm, Ottawa, was unable to be present, but sent his
address. The report of the Council showed that the Branch had had
a very successful year, fifteen meetings being held and a number of
interesting papers contributed. Members of the Montreal Branch were
thanked for the courteous exchange of papers with the Toronto Branch.
The reports of the Librarian and Treasurer also showed the continued
prosperity of the Branch. These reports, on motion, were received
and adopted. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year :—
D. G. Cox, President ; E. M. Walker, Vice-President; G. M. Stewart,
Secy.-Treasurer ; H. C. Austen, Librarian ; and R. J. Crew and C. H.
Tyers, members of Council. The address of the retiring President
was read by the Chairman, and reviewed the work of the Branch
since its inception, particular mention being made of the year just ended.
The members were urged to make extra efforts the coming summer to
collect and mount specimens for the collection which the Branch is form-
ing for the Education Department. The latter portion of the address
took the form of a practical, illustrated paper on “ The Preservation of
Larve by Inflation.” =

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159

BOOK NOVICE.

TWEXry-THIRD REPORT ON OBSERVATIONS OF INJURIOUS INSECTS AND
Common Farm Pests DurinG 1899.—By Eleanor A. Ormerod,
rn. FP. RK. Met. Soc., etc.

Miss Ormerod’s last Report, which is the first of a new series, has
just come to hand. As usual, it is full of interest to the entomologist,
and contains many valuable practical suggestions for the farmer and
fruit-grower.

There were, during 1899, complaints of the depredations of the
ordinary farm and orchard pests, and also of a few which had been little
noticed previously. The value of Dr. Ormerod’s Reports to Canadian
readers is shown by the large number of injurious insects treated of,
which are now common to both Europe and America, or are represented
on one continent by species closely allied to kinds with similar habits
found on the other.

Cabbage butterflies of three species were very prevalent and
destructive. Dusting the plants with a mixture of lime and soot was
found to be of no avail, while syringing them with Little’s ‘‘ Antipest ”
was satisfactory. There is no mention of the simple and very effective
remedy of dusting the plants with insect powder and flour, which has
been found by far the best remedy in this country. An account is given
of good work in lessening injury by collecting the butterflies. This was
by the boys at Mr. W. Bailey’s Aldersey Grammar School, in Cheshire.
In the previous year the boys turned their attention to the caterpillars,
and from 240 plants they gathered more than 5,000 caterpillars.

The Cheese and Bacon Fly.—This is the parent of the well-known
“skippers” in cheese. These larve are also frequently found injuring
hams. The remedies proposed are all of a preventive nature, such as the
close screening of windows in ham and cheese curing rooms to keep the
flies from entering, the frequent rubbing and turning of cheeses during
the egg-laying season, and the destruction of the flies in the curing
rooms by means of pyrethrum insect powder or the ordinary fly paper.
All cracks in cheese should be filled at once with a mixture of flour,

- butter and pepper.

Portions of cheese or ham that are found to be attacked, should be
cut out as soon as possible after observation ; and, with regard to cheese,
it is recommended that after cutting out the piece, a thorough dusting of

160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

black pepper should be given and the cavity refilled with cheese and
covered carefully with calico.

Leather Jackets.—The larve of the Crane Flies or Daddy Long-legs
as enemies of grain crops and grass are treated of, and the use of nitrate
of soda as a quick-acting fertilizer is recommended.

The Hessian Fly occurred at one locality, and a full resumé of the
subject, compiled chiefly from United States reports, presents the
important characteristics of the attack and the best remedies, in an
attractive manner. Stress is laid on the importance of destroying the
‘« flaxseeds ” both in screenings and in stubble.

The Currant Gall Mite, an enemy of the black currant, which yearly
causes much loss, is still under observation, and some interesting new
experiments are reported as to discovering the method of distribution of
the mites. It was found that plants cut down to the ground could be
moved from an infested plantation, and there was no conveyance of
infestation in the earth at the roots.

Flour and Grain Beetles.—Under’ this heading several familiar
insect enemies of stored grain are treated of, viz.: The Rust-red Flour
Beetie, the Cadelle and the Mediterranean Flour Moth.

The Grouse Fly (a parasite on grouse), the Hop Flea-beetle and the
Land Pianarian are the subjects of articles of much scientific interest.

Short Notices.—A new feature of this second series of Dr. Ormerod’s
Reports is a collection of short notes, in which recenily-discovered facts
on the appearance, habits, treatment or remedial measures are given of
insects previously referred to at length in former Reports. Here we
find, among other things, a mention of the occurrence in England of our
troublesome Canadian enemy of the apple, the Eye-spotted Bud-moth ;
also a recommendation of a caustic alkaline spraying mixture of crude
potash and caustic soda; and an attack upon strawberries by three
species of ground beetles, the worst culprit being the Red-horned Ground
Beetle (Harpalus ruficornis ).

This valuable Report of 152 pagés is replete with useful and practical
knowledge, which must of necessity be of enormous value to all who read
it. The illustrations are excellent and the volume contains a most
complete index, which much facilitates reference. ye

~ Mailed May 4th, 1900.

The anatliay ¥, ntomalogist. —

VoL. XXXIL LONDON, JUNE, tg00. No. 6

CONTENTS:

Murtfeldt—New Tineidz... ..... ......... 101 MacGillivray—Tenthredo : new species...... 177
Field—Condemnable Practices in Generic Ashmead—Classification of the Fossorial,
SFT oe ee 166 Predaceous and Parasitic Wasps, ll..... 185
Howard—New pratt, ot Aphelininz from French—The Genus Catocala...... . ...... 188
Chifle.......-...--0.+ 205-5 wh of ieee cn ae Grote—New Catocala from Texas...... _... 191
Hulst—New Genera, etc., of Phycitine..... 169 Book Notice—Stories of Insect Life......... 192

NEW TINEIDA, WITH LIFE-HISTORIES.
BY MARY E. MURTFELDT, KIRKWOOD, MO.
Laverna argentimaculella, n. sp.

Imago: Antenne dark brown, slightly paler on under side. Pa/pi
pale silvery, terminal joint in strong light appearing minutely ringed with
dark blue. ead and face smooth, the former dark blue above, face
pale golden-metallic, in the ¢ usually darker than in the 9, in the latter
often with bluish tinge. Zhorax dark blue with metallic reflections.
Fore wings with a generally “shaggy ” appearance, beautifully variegated
in dark and light blue and rich bronzy brown, with more or less conspic-
uous, irregular, appressed, silvery spots, that, at the base of the apical
third, form an irregularly margined fascia, broader and more brilliant in
the g than in the 2. Upon the cell, especially of the ¢, are two
prominent tufts, bluish silvery at base, shading to brown, and near the outer
margin two still larger tufts, almost connected, forming a ridge across the
wing. Just before the fringes is an indefinitely angular, silvery streak,
the apex directed outward. ‘The pattern of coloration is so variable that
it is difficult to exactly characterize it. Wind wings and abdomen rich
bronzy brown, the former with pale brown fringes. Zegs brown, annulate
on tibiz with two broad and on tarsi with three narrow white bands.
Alar expanse, 8 mm.; length,4 mm. A beautiful species and probably
rare.

Larva: Length 5 mm., diameter 1.5 mm., tapering slightly in
both directions from middle. Form sub-depressed with deep incisions ;
pale green, at maturity showing on dorsum three more or less distinct
pink stripes. Thoracic legs well developed, but pro-legs minute.

162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Mines leaves of Qnothera biennis. ‘The mine begins in a winding
track, which crosses back and forth, often becoming confluent. The
dark, granular frass forms a rather definite line through the middle.

When ready to transform, the larva deserts the mine and incloses
itself in a dense, oval, white silk cocoon formed against the midrib or in
a wrinkle of the leaf. ufa dark brown, not especially characteristic.
Imago appears in nine or ten days.

The mines of this species were discovered about the middle of
August, 1895, for the first and, so far, only time, on a small and ragged
plant of wild Evening Primrose, and although other plants of the same
species, as weil as some cultivated varieties, were growing in close
proximity, not a mined leat could be discovered on any of these, nor has
the insect, in this locality at least, reappeared since that date.

Less than a dozen moths were reared, of which one or more
examples were sent to Lord Walsingham, Dr. Fernald, and the National
Museum.

Epermenia pimpinella, n. sp.

Antenne slender, rather more than one-half the length of the wings,
dark cinereous, with short, dense, whitish pubescence, basal joint thickly
scaled. a/pi rather coarsely scaled, second joint twice the length of
apical, dark brownish-gray sparsely sprinkled with buff. Head and
thorax gray brown with slight purplish iridescence in certain lights.
fatagia oval, silvery, semt-erect. Fore wings varying in general colour
from dark slate-gray to brownish, with an intermingling of dingy white
scales and having a generally ‘‘smudged” appearance, when fresh dis-
playing purplish reflections. The three rounded dorsal tufts are of
spatulate stalked scales overlying a fine paler fringe. Hind wings
narrowly lanceolate, with long fine silky fringes. Aéddomen slender, dark
silvery gray, with indistinct whitish annulations, most pronounced
laterally. Zegs gray with dingy white mottlings and with long bristle-like
cilia at each joint. Alar expanse 12 to 14 mm., length of body 5 to 6
mm.

Eggs (obtained by placing fresh leaves in jar in which several
moths of both sexes had emerged) scattered along the edges of the
leaves, very minute, 0.25 mm. in length and less than half that in
diameter, oblong in form, colour greenish-white with sculpturing visible
only under the microscope, barely discernible by Tolles lens. On July
2nd. by close examination found them on several leaves of the plant out

- =~

aimee

Ghee Pig hte

i

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163

of doors. On July 6th they could not be seen, but the leaves were
speckled with transparent spots, on the under side, showing black grains,
probably the dried sap, and upon holding the leaves against the light
the tiny larve were revealed, either still on the surface or having just cut
their way between the two cuticles.

Mature /arva.—8 mm. long, very slender, dull olive green or
brownish in colour, with conspicuous darker tubercles each giving rise to
several long, rather bristly hairs. Head large, smooth, pale brown with
black trophi. Cervical collar semicircular, in colour and texture resem-
bling the head. Full complement of legs and pro-legs, the latter
unusually long. ‘These larvee are not confined to a single mine, but often
leave one to excavate another and are therefore often seen crawling on
the surface of the leaves, Ppa, slender, very pointed posteriorly, pale
brown, inclosed in frail, open-meshed cocoon on under side of leaf or in
angles of leaf-stalks. Imago appears in from 8 to 10 days in summer,
and there are at least two successive broods.

This insect feeds by forming a puffy mine on Pimpinella (Ziszia)
integerrima, in this locality a not very common Umbellifer. I first bred
it many years ago, and took it with me when visiting the family of Dr.
Fernald, and the latter traced it to the genus Chau/iodus, Tr., but, as at
that time I did not know that it was new and had not its complete
life-history, did not attempt a description. Since then I have learned
from Lord Walsingham and Mr. Durrant that Chaz/iodus, Treit., is pre-
occupied by Lfermenia, Hib., and also that the species was probably
new to science.

Eucatoptus striatella, 0. sp.

Antenne long, dull ochreous, inclining to brown; basal joint compar-
atively large, especially in the ¢. /a/pi with second and terminal joints
about equal in length, second joint densely but closely tufted, pale buff
or cinereous with indistinct leaden dots and shadings. ead and thorax
pale buff, faintly striped with leaden gray. /atagia of the paler colour.
Fore wings light brown or brownish-ochreous, sparsely speckled with
black. A subcostal black, longitudinal line extends from base to apex,
curving upward slightly and intensifying at the latter; beneath this, two

more or less definite blackish striations, the one on inner margin being

quite broad and diffused, while the discal streak is variable, not continuous,
often consisting of two or three dashes. Hind wings silken, ashy white,
shading to cinereous at tips. 4 with pencil of spreading hairs from base

Lot THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of costa. Cv/ia long, fine, concolorous with wing, with leaden tinge;
on fore wings crossed with black line. Legs shining pale buff, more or
less conspicuously mottled with leaden gray ; hind tibiz clothed with
long silken hairs, in some specimens marked with a dash or spot of gray
on outer side; tarsi annulate. A/ar expanse 11 to 13 mm. Feeds in the
berries of Nightshade ( Sodanum. nigrum), eating the pulp and preventing
the seeds from maturing. si

Larva: 8 mm. long by 2 mm. in diameter, being rather
stout. Cylindrical, incisions shallow, slightly larger at posterior end,
where it terminates somewhat bluntly. Colour pale, translucent,
greenish yellow, with five interrupted, irregularly margined, longi-
tudinal, crimson stripes, lateral one composed of a row of small
spots. Head small, cordate, only little more than one-half the width of
the abdominal segments, very dark shining brown. Cervical shield
almost covering the narrow first joint, of same colour as the head. On
dorsum of eighth jointis a broad, purplish, subcutaneous spot. Tho-
racic legs minute, pro-legs also shorty corresponding in colour te general
surface. One annual brood, often found in two-thirds of the berries.
Pupa, very slightly inclosed or merely attached within fold of leaf or in
the berry cluster, rather stout, oblong, bright golden-brown, with short
wing-sheaths, and has somewhat the appearance of dipterous pupe.
Imago in ten days—often not appearing until the Jast of October or early
in November, suggesting the probability of an earlier brood in some
other fruit or substance.

The genus Fucatoptus of the Gelechiade, characterized by Lord Wal-
singham in his work on Wesvr InpIAN Micro-LEPIDOPTERA, is said to be
“closely allied to Aristotedia, Hib. (#rgatis, Hein.), from which it is
distinguished by the costal hair pencil of the ¢.” Under this genus His
Lordship describes three new species and includes Ge/echia rubidella.
Clem. (G. rubensella, Cham.).. Iam indebted to Lord Walsingham and
his Entomological assistant, Mr. Durrant, for the generic determination of
all the species described, as well as for much kind assistance on other
forms.

Gelechia persiceella, Mutt.

In th:s connection I wish to transcribe the description of a new
Tineid of economic importance, of which an account was published in a
paper on ‘‘Some Insects of the Year,” in the Report of the State Agri-
cultural College of Michigan for 1899, by Prof. R. H. Pettit, Assistant

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 160d

Entomologist. The species was sent to me for determination, and
learning that it was not represented in the Collection of the National
Museum, nor in any other American collection, so far as I was able to
ascertain, at the desire of Professor Pettit, I characterized it as new,
under the genus Defressaria, with which, in palpal and some other
points of structure, it quite closely corresponds. Recently Dr. Dietz, of
Hazelton, Pa., and Mr. Busck, of the National Museum, have called my
attention to the fact that its venation and other wing characters indicate

that it is a Gelechia, to which I had, myself, at first assigned it. To

bring it more generally to the attention of economic entomologists, as
well as to correct the generic placing and some minor inaccuracies in the
description, I copy as follows: J/mago—Antenne dark fuscous, indis-
tinctly pectinate and banded on the under side with pale buff. Palpi
long, exceeding the vertex. Basal joint short, pale ; second joint one-
third longer than apical. Brush quite dense, distinctly divided, dark
fuscous overlaid with cream-coloured scales, palest on inner side. Apical
joint dark, very slender, with extreme up cream white, most conspicu-
ously so in g. ‘Tongue long, sparsely scaled. Vertex dark brown.
Face cream white. Zhorax and fegu/e purplish-brown. fore wings
almost black, with rich purplish gloss, and sparsely sprinkled with white
scales. On the costa back of the apex is a small, irregularly triangular,
cream white spot, and a few scattered scales of the same colour form an
obscure outer border. In the celi near its upper margin are two some-
what indefinite, cream-coloured dots in line, witha third one below and
slightly back of the one nearest the base. Cilia fuscous, shading out-
ward to gray. Lower wings shining silky, cinereous, almost silvery.
Abdomen pale brown, terminal segment banded with buff at posterior
margin. Lateral tufts buff, inconspicuous; anal tuft reddish-brown.
Under surface speckled with brown and cream. Zegs brown, annulate
with cream white at the joints and middle of the tibie.

Alar expanse from 16 to 17 mm.
Prof. Pettit thus describes the larva and its habits:

“The larva,when full grown, is three-eighths of an inch in length,and

- quite slender. Its colour is dirty yellowish-white, with back and sides

marked by six reddish-brown, longitudinal stripes, all of which extend the
entire length from the thoracic shield to the caudal extremity, except the
pair on dorsum, which unite on last segment and terminate there. Last

166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

segment bordered caudally with fuscous,and base of anal pro-legs coloured

the same. Venter marked along the middle with a stripe like those on

dorsum and sides, which are about equidistant from each other and of
about the same width as the spaces between them, colour reddish-brown.

Some of the spaces (yellowish-white) have dark points in them. Head

and thoracic shield yellowish-brown. Feet fuscous and dirty yellow.

Four pairs of pro-legs besides anal pair, which are of the same colour as
the ground colour of the body. Base of anal pair black.

‘A number of these: worms working in peach leaves were received
from Mr. T. D. Atkinson, of Holland, Michigan, in September, 1898, and
were said to be very troublesome. The same species was received on
July 3rd, 1899, from Monroe, Michigan. One or two complaints were
made from other places, though no specimens were sent.

“The larvee are very restive, wriggling violently when disturbed. They
bind together the leaves of the peach with fine white silk, forming nests
of loosely-bound leaves, in which they live and where they change to
pupe. The finding of the larve on July 3rd, and also on September 17th,
would seem a good indication that the insect is two-brooded. Specimens
of the larvee from Holland were placed in suitable cages, and the moth,
a nearly black insect, spreading about five-eighths of an inch, was obtained
the following spring. The adults commenced to appear about April r4th
and continued to emerge till the middle of May. Of course this is much
earlier than would happen if the insects were out of doors.”

Prof. Pettit’s article was accompanied by excellent enlarged
illustrations of the larva and pupa. ?

CONDEMNABLE PRACTICES IN GENERIC REVISIONS.

Sir,—Permit me to call the attention of your readers to a faulty
method of citing species names, which is, unfortunately, extremely com-
mon in America. I refer to the omission of the genus name or its reduc-
tion to a mere initial. In many cases this is, of course, a proceeding that
is attended with no serious evil effects. A working zoologist may be
expected to know what P. machaon stands for, bibliographers would know
that a paper on Abnormal Antenne of 47ax had nothing to do with the
Bird genus, Ajax, Less., but referred to Pap:/io ajax. In many Cases,
however, authors seem to endeavor to render their work inaccessible to
all save specialists working on their pasticular group. ‘To make this clear

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167

it is necessary to cite an example, and I take the first one at hand, remark-
ing at the same time that these cases are very numerous, and that it is
unjust to single out a particular person for condemnation.

In a paper published in Vol. 30 of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
some 33 new genera of Phytophaga are proposed in consequence of the
rearrangement of this group. In all cases, save one, the author is careful
to state the species that served as types for the new genera, but in every
case the old genus is represented by its initial merely, so that neither the
direct statements of the author nor the context give the slightest clue to
the name. Let us take a specific illustration. On pp. 286-287 is given
a table of the genera of Hemichroine, of which three are recognized :
“ Hemichroa, CuRvIS ; Ofisthoneura, ASHM., n. g. (type O. crevecoeurt,
AsHM.); Mar/attia, ASHM, n. g. (type HY. Zaricis, MaRL.).” What, pray,
is O. crevecoeuri? It can not be Opisthoneura, for that is a new genus,
and the species crevecoewrvi is not new. What does HZ /aricits mean? It
is true that in this case the bibliographer can, by comparing species by
species with Davie Torre’s catalogue, ascertain with great probability
what these initials mean ; but this involves many hours of study, and the
Hymenoptera form the only group for which this would be at all practi-
cable. Indeed, the recorder of the Zoological Record did not take
such pains, so that in his report the initials have been allowed to stand
quite out of connection with the original grouping, so that the confusion
is still further increased.

But why should a scientific writer impose such burdens upon his
readers? I refuse to believe that motives of economy force editors to
print H. for Hemichroa, or that a man of science begrudges the few extra
strokes of the pen necessary to make his published work intelligible. No,
it is a mere matter of thoughtless habit, which needs only to be pointed
out to be corrected. Hereert Havitanp FIetp.

Zurich, Switzerland.

A NEW GENUS OF APHELININZ FROM CHILE.
BY L. O. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Since the publication of the writer’s ‘‘ Revision of the Aphelininz of

North America” (Bulletin 1, Technical Series, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Division of Entomology, 1895), the discovery of new forms,

168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and especially of new genera, has been of very infrequent occurrence.
Species have been received from all parts of the world, owing to the
extraordinary and world-wide development of interest in scale insects,
which are the principal hosts of the Aphelinine, yet nearly all of the

forms thus received have been species already described, which have been

carried with their hosts upon live plants to many different regions. It is, -

therefore, interesting to discover a new genus, even from a country
like Chile, whose parasitic Hymenoptera are so little known. A most
interesting feature of the discovery is that the new genus was reared from
Aspidiotus hedere (nerii) together with three of the cosmopolitan forms,

namely, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw); Coccophagus immaculatus, How.,
and Prospal/ta aurantii, How. The writer is indebted to Mr. Edwyn C.
Reed, of Rancagua, Chile, for this sending, as well as for many other
favours.

ApuHytis—New Genus.

Female.—Resembles Aphelinus in the oblique hairless line extending
from the stigmal vein transversely to base of wing. It differs principally
from Aphelinus in the antenne, which are only 5-jointed, the first
ring-joint apparently being absent. The pedicel is nearly cylindrical ; the
the first funicle joint cubical ; the second funicle joint long =oval, wider
than the first and more than twice as long; club long, elliptical, longer
than pedicel and funicle together. The mesonotal sclerites resemble those
of Aphelinus, but the ovipositor is exserted to about one-third the length of
the abdomen, as with Centrodora ; hind thighs somewhat swollen; stigmal
vein is short and knobbed and the post-marginal vein is absent; the
mandibles are tridentate ; the ocelli large and placed in the form of
an oblique angled triangle.

Aphytis Chilensts, n. sp.

Female.—Length to tip of ovipositor o.g4 mm.; expanse 1.8 mm.;
greatest width of fore wing 0.18 mm. General colour pale yellow, with
slight dusky tinge on the dorsum of the thorax ; the lateral margins of the
abdominal segments with dusky transverse stripes; antennz fuscous ;
wings with a faint dusky cloud below stigmal vein. ;

Described from 1 female, reared by Edwyn C. Reed, from Aspidiotus
heder@, on ivy (presumably Hedera helix), Rancagua, Chile.

U.S. N. M., type No. 4968. =

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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169

SOME NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PHYCITINA

BY GEO. D. HULST, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Tetralopha formosella, n. sp.

Expands 18 mm. _ Head nearly pure white ; thorax white with black
scales intermixed ; fore wings pure white, sometimes intermixed with
black, and with black spot on costa to basal line; basal line black, with
three long black teeth on outer side; middle field whitish, costa towards
base black ; along inner margin and reaching half way across wing, dull
brick red, broxen by median cross scale ridge, which is of intermingled
black and white ; outer line white, edged on both sides with blackish ;
outer field grayish, mixed with black. much darker along costa to apex ;
hind wings fuscous, much darker along outer edge ; beneath fuscous on all
wings, an outer lighter cross line showing on all wings.

Texas. National Museum type number is 4703.

Mineola scitulel/a, n. sp.

Of the size and much the appearance of 4. ¢ricolorella, Grt. It
differs in the much more vivid colouring, being thus a much more showy
insect, and especially in having the outer cross line edged outwardly with
dull red.

Colorado.

Mineola rubescentella, n. sp.

Expands 24-26 mm. Fore wings asmooth reddish gray, the reddish
a little more pronounced along costa and about the outer line ; a faint
reddish spot at middle of base along inner margin; a broad dark red
basal cross line, reaching from subcostal vein to inner margin, narrowing
towards the latter ; discal spots faint, geminate, superimposed; hind
wings shining fuscous, marginal line much darker ; beneath an even light
fuscous. i

Tennessee. In appearance very considerably like Acrobasis rubri-
Sascielia, Pack. National Museum type number is 4707.

Acrocau/a, v.. gen.

Palpi of ¢ erect, recurved, rather slender, somewhat long ; maxillary
palpi small ; tongue strong ; antennz with tooth on inner side of basal
member as in Acrobasis, then bent over basal member, with a slight scale
ridge in the bend, the segments beyond this evenly ciliated with hairs on
the under side ; thorax untufted ; abdomen tufted at end ; fore wings 11

170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

veins, 4 and 5 separate ; hind wings 8 veins, 2 far from angle, 3 separate
from 4, 4 and 5 short stemmed, 7 and 8 stemmed. Type comacorne/la,
Hulst.

Acrocaula comacornella, Xi. sp.

Expands 16 mm. Head andantenne fuscous ; thorax smooth, shin-
ing fuscous ; abdomen fuscous, the segments edged posteriorly with
whitish ; fore wings dark fuscous, with a broad lighter basal cross band,
most distinct at costa, and with a narrow lighter costal patch from discal
spot, which it just encloses, to outer line; outer line very faint; hind
wings transparent fuscous.

Central Texas. i
Nephopteryx modestella, n. sp.

Expands 26 mm. Head and palpi light gray, the latter fuscous at
tip ; thorax light fuscous; abdomen whitish, with segments fuscous
in front; fore wings light fuscous gray, with fuscous markings ; the basal
and middle field more grayish or whitish, the latter broad at costa. run-
ning to a point on inner margin ; a braad fuscous basal band with a faint
reddish tinge ; outer field fuscous gray, the outer line whitish dentate,
preceded by blackish near costa; hind wings fuscous, darker outwardly.

Mass.

Salebria Slossonella, n. sp.

Expands 16 mm. Palpi and thorax fuscous ; thorax smooth fuscous ;
abdomen dark fuscous, the segments lighter posteriorly ; fore wings gray,
consisting of white ground colour, with black scales heavily overlying ; a
basal deep red scale ridge followed by a dull rusty yellow band, and this
by a black edging ; costa half way of middle field from scale ridge nar-
rowly reddish ; outer line light, not very distinct, close to margin; hind
wings transparent, outwardly fuscous.

Miami, Fla. ; Feb., Mar. From Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson, in
whose honour the specific name is given. I have the 2 only, and con-
sequently the generic reference may not be correct.

Salebria affiictella, n. sp.

Expands 14-18 mm. Palpi, front and thorax blackish fuscous ;
abdomen fuscous, the end orange ochreous; fore wings blackish, a
purple spot, quite large, along inner border on basal space; basal cross
jine broad, whitish, oblique, straight; middle field in centre, whitish ;
outer line fine, whitish, rather strongly bent, dentate; discal spots
geminate, superimposed, black, prominent ; hind wings dark fuscous.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. styl

Elizabeth, N. J.; from Mr. Kemp. I have another specimen, a
male, from Mr. Kearfott, from Montclair, N. J., which seems to be
the same species, but the extremity of the abdomen is fuscous in colour,
Both specimens were taken in August, the one from Mr. Kearfott at
light.

Salebria nigricans, n. sp.

Expands 20 mm. Palpi and front blackish ; thorax in front fuscous,
with a purple tinge, blackish gray behind; abdomen light whitish fuscous,
with intermingled black scales ; fore wings with a white base, heavily
overlaid with black scales, giving a clear dark gray appearance ; an
ochreous tinted spot at middle of basal field ; basal line whitish, well
out to discal spots; middle field more whitish, owing to fewer black
scales ; outer line whitish, bent, edged rather broadly with black near
costa ; hind wings fuscous.

Phoenix, Ariz.; June 1st ; from Dr. Kunze. I have the female only,
and the generic reference is provisional.

Salebria lacteella, n. sp.

Expands 18 mm. Palpi light ochre fuscous; front white, slightly
fuscous stained; thorax light ochre fuscous; abdomen light fuscous,
nearly white on two anterior segments ; fore wings light gray, stained
with reddish ochre along inner margin, in basal field just outside of basal
line, and just within outer line, the stain reaching nearly one-half across
the wing ; basal line blackish, well out, oblique ; outer line whitish, bent,
with considerable blackish broadly on both sides over middle space ; hind
wings dull whitish, with a narrow fuscous marginal edging.

Central Texas ; female only. -

Passadena, n. gen.

Labial palpi- horizontal, moderately long, second member heavy,
third member small, deflected ; antenne of ¢ bent above base, with
a furrow in the bend; fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5 short stemmed ;
hind wings & veins, cell rather short, 2 at angle, 3, 4 and 5 stemmed,
4 and 5 almost to end. Type constantel/a, Hulst.

_Passadena constantella, vn. sp.
Expands 16-18 mm. Palpi whitish gray, black on end; front and

thorax clear gray ; abdomen fuscous to fuscous ochre ; fore wings clear
white, with black scales more or less thickly intermixed, giving a clear
bright gray appearance ; basal lines black, geminate, inclosing ground

172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

colour, bent and almost dentate at middle; outer line very oblique,
black, heaviest towards costa and beginning well towards apex; with a
deep sinus inwardly, then a strongly projecting tooth outwardly at vein 5,
then a long reach inwardly, and two teeth before reaching inner margin ;
hind wings clear white, a fuscous marginal stain, the fringes somewhat
fuscous.

Southern California. The insect has considerably the appearance
of Salebria bifasciella, Hulst, and in some respects is structurally very
like Getulia flavidorsella, Rag. The genus Gefudia was founded upon
the female only, and G. ¢nstite//a, Rag., a West African species, is the
type; whether favidorsella or constantel/a are congeneric can not be told
till the male is found, but it is almost a certainty that constanted/a at least
is not. National Museum type No. is 4704.

- Megasts cinctella, n. sp.

Expands 15 mm. Palpi and head fuscous ; thorax fuscous, with
ochre tint ; abdomen ochre fuscous, more fuscous above and lower part
of sides ; fore wings gray, the veins somewhat broadly and loosely whitish
gray ; basal line indicated by a dark spot at°costa and another at
middle of wing ; outer line blackish, fine, angled outward at vein 5, then
dentate, angled back again at vein 3, edged outwardly with whitish ; hind
wings transparent, with fuscous margin.

Argus Mts., Cal.; taken by Mr. Koebele, May 31 ; with the venation
of Megasis, but while the palpi seem to be as in that genus, there has
been distortion of them, and I have the female only; the generic
reference is therefore provisional. The National Museum type number

IS 4705.
Sarata cinereella, n. sp.

Expands: ¢ 32-34 mm., 9 26mm. 4, palpi long, slender, black
towards tip, gray basally ; front dull white to gray ; thorax light fuscous
to blackish gray ; abdomen fuscous ; fore wings of an even clear light
gray, made by a sprinkling of black scales upon a white field ; inner line
very faintly suggested by a darkening of colour; outer line suggested very
faintly by a shade of whitish ; hind wings light fuscous, with dark fuscous
marginal shading.

?, palpi blackish ; front white ; thorax gray, with white and black
scales ; abdomen fuscous ; fore wings dark clear eyen gray, with two

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. igs’

distinct white cross lines, the basal straight, oblique, heavily edged with
black outwardly, the black broadest at costa, the second line scarcely
bent, broadly edged inwardly with black ; hind wings dark fuscous.

Colorado. Easily distinguished from its congenors by the even colour
of the fore wings of the ¢. ‘The @ is rather difficult to separate from the
other species.

Melitara junctolineella, n. sp.

Of the size and general appearance of JZ. dentata, Grt., and of the
same colour; the outer dentation of the basal line is very much extended,
as is the inner dentation of the outer line, so that they meet and join at
the centre of the middle field.

Colorado, Texas.

Lophodia epischnioides, D. sp.

Expands about 26 mm. Labial palpi porrect, end member long,
somewhat deflexed, middle member heavy, curved, long, sordid gray
in colour, white at tip; front strongly cone tufted; antennz ciliate,
subdentate ; maxillary palpi small; fore wings rather long, subparallel,
rounded at apex, the anterior half gray cervinous, more whitish along
costa, the posterior half dull ochre reddish fuscous basally, gradually
fading at middle into the colour of the anterior part of the wing ; hind
wings dark fuscous, broad ; beneath, dull fuscous on all wings.

Decidedly like Zfischnia in appearance, but near Zophodia, though
not strictly congeneric. The antenne of the ¢ are flattened and
subdentate ; veins 4 and 5 of the fore wings are separate, not stemmed
as in Zophodia, and the tongue is short and stout.

Lophodia fuscatella, n. sp.

Expands about 25 mm. __Palpi, front and thorax even dark fuscous
gray ; antenne of the male simple, fringed with tufts of hairs, two on each
segment ; fore wings even fuscous mouse gray, the lines scarcely, if at all,
evident ; hind wings fuscous, slightly darker on the margin.

Ios Angeles, Cal. The National Museum type No. is 4706. The
insect differs from the typical Zophodia in the structure of the antennz
~ and in the position of vein 2 of the hind wings.

Euzophera inornatella, n. sp.

Expands 24 mm. Palpi and front fuscous ; thorax whitish in front,
fuscous behind ; fore wings gray, composed of scattered black scales on

174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

a white ground, the white colour being clearer on subcostal vein; two
superimposed black spots are just within half the distance out of the
wings, one on median, the other on vein 1 ; outer line suggested by three
or four small diffuse blackish spots; marginal line of black dots; hind
wings fuscous, marginal line dark fuscous.

Anglesea, N. J.; from Dr. John B. Smith. i

Psorosa Texanella, n. sp.

Expands 18 mm. Palpi ochreous; front, thorax and abdomen
violet ochre ;. fore wings‘ochre, overlaid with blackish fuscous, more
prominent along costa, less so in posterior portion ; basal space rust
red ; basal line a broad indeterminate blackish fuscous: band ; this is
followed by a large reddish spot along inner margin, outer line near
margin blackish, indeterminate.

Central Texas.

Canarsia gractlella, n. sp

About the expanse of C. ulmiarvrosorella, Clem.; the wings are
narrower than in that species ; the ground colour is less clear and darker,
and is uniform over the wings ; the basal line is obsolete, the outer line
faintly evident ; discal spots alone are strong, black, coalescent.

Montclair, N. J.; from Mr. Kearfott ; taken at light in July and
August. This insect appears quite different from C. udmiarrosore/la as
above, and is a more slender insect.

Selagia australella, n. sp.

Expands 18 mm. Palpi long, slender, fuscous white at end of
second and base of third segments ; thorax bluish gray ; abdomen fuscous
gray, darker above ; fore wings light gray, composed of white mixed with
some black scales, lighter at base and beyond basal lines along inner
margin ; basal field limited by a fine black line, obsolete at costa, broken
dentate, this edged within at middle of wings with white, and followed at
middle by a rusty red spot ; beyond this two lines, blackish, enclosing
white at middle, subparallel, distinctly and quite strongly dentate, reach-
ing across wing ; discal spots two, black, superimposed ; outer line black,
fine, bent and dentate, edged outwardly with white ; an interrupted black
marginal line; hind wings whitish, margin fine, blackish.

Central Texas. I have the 9 only.

Honora fumosella, n. sp. -
Expands 15 mm, Palpi, front, thorax and abdomen very dark

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175

fuscous, almost a dull black ; fore wings almost or quite as dark, with
two fine whitish cross lines, the basal straight or nearly so, slanting
obliquely outward to inner margin; outer line straight, also slanting
outward towards inner margin; a faint whitish cross line on _ basal
area, and a large dull reddish spot between this and the basal line,
just posterior to cell; middle space behind cell faintly reddish, hind
wings dark fuscous, darker outwardly.

Newark, N. J.; from Mr. Kemp; taken at light, July 23.
Eurythmia Coloradella, n. sp.

Expands 14 mm. Palpi and front blackish fuscous; thorax dark
fuscous ; abdomen fuscous, lighter coloured towards end, the extreme
tip being ochre coloured; front wings dark fuscous, more tinted on
posterior part behind cell, and somewhat more strongly on outer field ;
cross lines very faint and indeterminate; veins on outer field more
darkened ; hind wings smoky fuscous, darker at margin.

Colorado.

Peorta albidella, n. sp.

Expands about 26 mm. Palpi white, a little fusccus stained ; front
white ; thorax dull fuscous white; abdomen white; fore wings pure
white, slightly tinged with fuscous, and with a few scattered dark scales ;
hind wings the same colour or a little lighter.

Death Valley, Cal.; taken by Mr. Koebele, in April. The type
number of the National Museum is 4709.

Urula, n. gen.

Palpi long, crambid-like, porrect or drooping ; maxillary palpi small ;
tongue nearly obsolete ; antenne of ¢ not bent above base, dentate, with
tufts of hairs on each segment ; antennz of 2 simple ; front with a strong
conical tubercle, horizontally edged at apex ; fore wings 11 veins, 4 and 5
separate, 10 from cell ; hind wings 7 veins, 2 distant from angle of cell, 3
and 4 from a point, 8 short stemmed with 7. Type zacongrue//a, Hulst.

Urula incongruella, n. sp.

Expands 18-21 mm. Palpi ochre to whitish; thorax whitish to ochre
fuscous; abdomen fuscous to gray, ochre tinted on two anterior segments ;
fore wings ochre to light gray, strongly mixed with dark scales from
subcostal to vein 1, and reaching from base to outer line; inner line
whitish, rather broad, rounded ; outer line whitish or ochreous, oblique,
sinuous, the wings being darkest just before it; outer field grayish to

176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

russet ochre ; a black spot along costa, just beyond outer line ; margin
blackish ; discal spots faint, joined by a circular russet ochre spot ; hind
wings light fuscous, marginal line dark fuscous ; all fringes ochre to gray,
interlined with dark fuscous.

Argus Mountains, Cal.; taken by Mr. Koebele, in April.

Phcenix, Ariz.; taken early in June. National Museum type number
is 4708. The insect has very strongly the appearance of Lipographis
leoninella, Pack.

Aurora nigrocinerecella, n. sp.

Expands 17-19 mm. Palpi, front and thorax clear blackish gray ;
abdomen fuscous; fore wings broad, clear light gray, overlaid more
or less with black scales, but the whitish showing as edges of basal
line, also within outer line, becoming very broad at costa, also as
outer edge of outer line, and on submarginal space ; lines black, fine,
rather clear; basal strongly angulate wavy ; outer angulate sinuous ;
marginal line of blackish spots; hind wings smoky white, with dark
margin. ae
Texas; taken July 7. The type number of the National Museum
specimen is 4710.

Maricopa albocostella, n. sp.

Expands 16-18 mm. Palpi blackish ; thorax smooth bluish gray ;
abdomen ochre fuscous; fore wings, anterior one-third whitish with a
vinous tint, somewhat mixed with dark scales, the rest of the wing
wine fuscous, the vinous colour being strongest close to inner margin ;
discal spots large, black ; hind wings fuscous, margin blackish.

Anglesea, N. J.; from Dr. John B. Smith ; taken Aug. 21 to 24.
Myelois dulciella, n. sp.

Expands 14 mm. Palpi and front dark fuscous; thorax light fuscous;
abdomen fuscous, interlined with light fuscous, the first two segments gray
fuscous ; fore wings of a clear light blue-gray colour ; lines fine, black;
distinct, the basal rounded, bent, reaching well out on inner margin,
broken at subcostal vein ; within this line, nearer inner margin, is a
large rounded reddish spot, and this is edged basally, and rather
heavily, with black ; outer line heaviest at costa, strong, bent, angulate ;
outer field with a reddish band next to outer line ; marginal line of black
dots ; discal spots black, distinct, superimposed ; hind wings light smoky
colour, veins and margin-somewhat darker.

Hastings, Fla.; from Mr. Kearfoett ; taken Oct. 26.

S|

~I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1

TENTHREDO—NEW SPECIES.*
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.
CE ENS) 2S gern Oe: A ar nn ee ee ae
Antenne rufous :

Black, with the following parts rufous : the antennze, a spot on the
cheeks, the tegule, the wings, especially at base, and the front
and middle femora, on the femora shading to blackish ; with the
following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles
except at apex, the scutellum, the trochanters, the tibie, except
the apices of the posterior pair which are brownish, the tarsi, the
sides and a narrow margin to the basal plates, and a spot above
the posterior coxe ; the clypeus broadly emarginate ; the third
segment of the antennz twice as long as the fourth ; the front
flat between the antenne. Length, 11 mm. Habitat—Ambherst,

Massachusetts (Prof. C. H. Fernald).........Fernaldit, n. sp.
2. Head more or less yellow above the base of the antenne...... . 3.
eee mack above the base of the antennae... 250.5. s-. as ou, Ae

-

3. Posterior femora black above :

Greenish-white, with the following parts black: the antenne, a five-
lobed spot on the vertex, three of the lobes being above the
base of the antennze and another at each meso-caudal angle of
the eye, the back of the head, a transverse band on the pro-
notum, the median lobe of the mesonotum except the V-spot,
the lateral lobes except a minute dash on their cephalic half,
the metathorax except its scutellum and the posterior part, an
oblique band on the suture between the mesopleura and the
metapleura, a four-lobed spot on the disc of the basal plates, a
fuscous spot on each side of the meson of the first tergal seg-
ment, the caudal margin of the metapleura, the bases of the
cox, and the middle and posterior femora above; the wings
are very slightly fuscous, the apex of the stigma and the veins
black, the costa yellowish and distad of the stigma greenish ;
the clypeus squarely emarginate; the third segment of the
antennz one-third longer than the fourth; the posterior legs
beyond the femora and the abdomen beyond the third segment

*See Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., V., 1897, 103-108, where the remaining species that
I have described are arranged analytically.

178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

rufous. Length, 11 mm. Habitat—Ithaca, New York (R. L.
Junghanns). 006 co. aes Se ee Pe es tae

Posterior femora rufous : ,

Yellowish, with the following parts black: the antenne, a spot on
the vertex with narrow lateral dilations along the caudal margin
of the head, the apices of the mandibles, two narrow parallel
dorso-ventral lines on the caudal aspect of the head, a trans-
verse band on the pronotum, a spot on the median and lateral
lobes of the mesonotum, the suture between the mesonotum and
metanotum, a lobate spot on the disc of the basal plates, a spot
on each side of the meson of the first abdominal segment, a dot
at the base of the middle femora, a spot on the posterior coxz
and each segment of the posterior trochanters and another at
the base of posterior femora; the abdomen and the middle and
posterior legs rufous; the wings hyaline, the veins and the
stigma black except the base of the stigma and the costa, which
are pale; the clypeus squarely truncate ; the third segment of
the antennz one-third longer than the fourth. Length, 12 mm.

Habitat-—Ithaca, New York (R. L. ge . rubripes, N. Sp.

4. Abdomen in part pale.. sleet bees ts te sae ee
Abclomien whales black! c. soe eet ee «+ auc oe acer
5. Pleura with a light spot.. vediud Gers san ¥0 2
Pleura not with a light soak blacks: ¢ gaalls Hee er
6. Paced alent sles raceme slewh sande ss nt) a

Pectus black :

Black, with the following parts yellowish : the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles except at apex, the cheeks, the tegulze, the collar,
the ventral margin of the pronotum, a line on the pleura, a spot
above the posterior coxe, the basal plates except at middle,
the suture between the mesopleura and metapleura, the front
and middle legs except a black line above which reaches to the
apices of the tibiz, the posterior cox except a black spot
above and beneath, the posterior trochanters except above, the
posterior femora and tibie except above, and with the black
greatly dilated at the apices of each of the segments; the
posterior tarsi black except the apical segment; the abdomen
rufous except the first terZal segment; the wings slightly

—— va

ee Se

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179

infuscated ; the veins, including the costa and the stigma,
black ; the clypeus widely emarginate ; the third segment of the
antennz about one-fourth longer than the fourth. Length, 12
mm. MHabitat—Ithaca, New York (R. L. abs ee
.. Junghannstt, n. sp.

eqn Sa) a el 6ke

a oeerior Bie in great : park ane t tarsi, apes
Black, with the following parts yellowish: the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles except at apex, the cheeks, the collar, the
tegule, the ventral portion of the pleura, the pectus, a spot
above the posterior coxe, the cox and trochanters except a
black line above, the anterior femora and tibiz except a narrow
black line above, and the anterior tarsi; the following parts
rufous: the middle and posterior femora except a black line
above, the middle tibiz except an elongate spot above at apex,

the middle tarsi except a black line above, the posterior femora
except a black line above, the posterior tibiz except the apical
three-fourths, the sternal abdominal segments as far as the
seventh, and the tergal segments two to five; the wings are
very slightly infuscated; the veins brownish; the stigma and
costa black; the clypeus squarely truncate ; the third segment

of the antennze one-third longer than the fourth. Length, r1
mm. Habitat— Franconia, New Hampshire (Mrs. Annie
HSMM] SLOSSOM)..... 2.5. geranterstss eetnaie toss) LOSSOREL, NSD),

Posterior tarsi and tibize rufous :

Black, with the following parts yellowish: the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles except at apex, the cheeks, the sides of the basal
plates, and a spot above the posterior coxee ; the following parts
rufous: the collar, the tegule, the pleura, the. pectus, the legs
except a black line above on the coxe, trochanters, and femora,
and the abdomen, including the venter ;_ the wings are hyaline ;
the veins, including the costa and the stigma, luteous; the
clypeus roundly emarginate; the third and fourth segments of
the antenne subequal in length. Length, 10 mm. Habitat—

Mrasmiueton (Prof.C.V.) Piper) ace sues... «55 SACHTMS) Ds SD.

MERE PAIGE eh ss ss lees ee nan. Fup OsteMus, Mac.
Pectus black. . SUA RA Se VS 6 eS a Sree ee ee 3
g. Posterior ea seholly Paleo: ae a MTE Ot tas EO,

Posterior femora wholly or in great part ee. 5) ROLY ie EPR ae aL IEF

180

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

TO. Gheeksimarked with wititesn> :ciacstate cee eee em Sr 2a

Cheeksiblack.2279. o2/s5'23 2 atl eee -atravenus, MacG.

1. Scutellum and legs yellow:

Black, with the following parts yellowish-white: the clypeus, the

labrum, the mandibles except at apex, the cheeks, the palpi, the
tegule,a large spot on the collar, a spot above both the anterior:
and posterior coxie, the apices of the cox, the legs beyond the
cox (some of the tarsal segments are slightly rufous), the scu-
tellum, the basal’: membrane, the basal plates, tergal segments
one to four except a black line on their middle at base, the sides
of segments five and six, and a narrow margin on the sides of
those ventral segments whose tergums are wholly or in part
pale; the clypeus squarely emarginate ; the third segment of
the antennz one-third longer than the fourth; the wings
hyaline, yellowish ; the veins brown ; the costa and the stigma
at base, luteous. Length, 2 mm. Habitat—Olympia, Wash-
ington (Trevor Kincaid)... .2.s¢-=--3.s-e. Be n. sp.

Scutellum black, the legs naaee Lice See» se ca {P2:
Tegule yellowish-white ; abdomen rufous beyond the third an
SEpINMENE: o,.2) Deis «tape ae ee - -aegualis, MacG.
Tegulz rufous ; abdomen oe ne ae me ae. segment :
Black, with the following parts yellowish : the clypeus, the labrum,

the mandibles except at apex, a lunate mark on the cheeks, a
triangular spot between the antenne sometimes absent, the
collar, and a spot above the posterior coxe ; the following parts
rufous: the tegule, the legs except the bases of the cox and
the sutures of the trochanters, the venter of the abdomen except
the sheaths of the ovipositor, and the tergal abdominal segments
beyond the first; the wings infuscated, the veins and stigma
black, the costa rufous ; the clypeus squarely emarginate ; the
third segment of the antenne one-third longer than the fourth.
Length, 12 mm. Habitat—Olympia, Washington (Trevor

| Gites \\c) Per rere RE ogg

13. Postenior,tibie in part pale, .,.... 1... 2... ss. - + <> 50)
Posterior tibie black... Js... 0... ee ere fe ot he oe 2
14. Posterior femora wholly black.. a ie ba cs Sew s « TCMIOTIES oie

Posterior femora rufous, with a black line a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181

Black, with the following parts yellow: the labrum, the clypeus,
the mandibles except at apex, a spot on the cheeks, a spot on
the collar, the tegule, a spot above the posterior cox, the
anterior legs, including the coxz, before, the middle cox and
trochanters beneath, the knees of the middle legs beneath, and
the middle tibiz and tarsi beneath; the following parts rufous :
the middle femora beneath, the posterior femora except a spot
at the base and apex above, the posterior tarsi, and the
abdomen beyond the third segment; the third segment of the
antenne one-third longer than the fourth ; the clypeus deeply
emarginate ; the wings hyaline, yellowish ; the veins black; the
costa reddish ; the stigma luteous at base. Length, 10 mm.
Habitat—Grangeville and Lewiston, Idaho (Prof. J. M. Ald-
IRR ae ae ar Y Jo. dn sen nik twa esc Cee aio MELE ESOMLIIUS MD). SID

15. Spot above the posterior coxee and the sides of the basal plates

MMe ie ciao acorn sion, sa Seer ase PILE M MOCROT TES» MACK.

Spot above the posterior coxz wanting and the sides of the basal
plates black :

Black, with the following parts rufous: the front femora except a
black line above interrupted at middle, the middle and
posterior except a black line above, the tibize except a black
spot on the apex of the posterior pair, more pronounced
beneath, the front tarsi, the apical two-thirds of the first
abdominal segment except a black line at apex, abdominal
segments two to five,a diamond-shaped mark on the middle
of the sixth tergal segment, and the ventral abdominal segments
two to five ; the clypeus squarely emarginate ; the third segment
of the anteanz one-third longer than the fourth ;. the mandibles
yellowish-white except at apex ; the wings fuliginous ; the veins,
including the costa and the stigma, black. Length, 11 mm.
Habitat—Olympia, Washington (Trevor Kincaid)..zégricoxi,n.sp.

Sees Diack varied with white or yellow. .. 6.5.65. 6- wes coum op TFs
eens wariea with. DlACK 23 senate: teres. aiWint- care Ha BOs
ACHTUNG DIACK s 47. <1 sige See al eaaa en: a ore we «DB

*A specimen received from Prof. C, V. Piper, and collected at Pullman, Washing-
ton, was given the manuscript name terminoidea, but on more careful study it does not
seem to differ from terminatus.

182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

- 19.

Posterior tibize wholly or in part pale ; a
18. ‘Tegul and sides of basal plates black.... ....pallipunctus, MacG.

Tegule and sides of basal plates pale:

Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the
mandibles except at apex, a triangular spot each side of the
collar, a spot on the tegulz, a spot above the posterior coxe,
the sides of the basal plates, the under side of the anterior
femora, tibiz and tarsi, and the under side of the middle tibiz
and metatarsi ; the clypeus squarely emaryinate ; the third seg-
ment of the antenne twice as long as the fourth; the wings
infuscated ; the veins brownish, the stigma and costa black.
Length, 13 mm. Habitat—Olympia, Washington (Trevor
Kincaid)... ;

19. Posterior tibiz wholly pale :

Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum, the
mandibles except at apex, the palpi, a spot on the collar, the
tegul, the basal membrane, the sides of the basal plates, a spot
above the posterior coxze, and all the legs beyond the cox (the
legs become flavescent at apex) except a spot on the apex of the
middle and posterior femora above; the clypeus squarely
emarginate ; the third segment of the antennz twice as long as
the fourth ; the wings hyaline, flavescent at base ; the costa and
the base and the apex of the stigma flavescent ; the stigma
at middle and the veins brown. Length, 14 mm. Habitat—
Vancouver Island (Carl F. Baker).......... ..subcoerulea, Es.

.. .) GIP/IGS, TS ee

Posterior tibie black above, pale beneath :

Black, with the following parts whitish: the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles except at apex, a spot on the cheeks, a line on the
collar, the tegulee, a spot above the posterior coxe, the front legs
beneath, including the coxe, the middle legs beneath beyond
the trochanters except the tarsi beyond the meiatarsi, a line on
the apex of the posterior femora beneath, the posterior tibize
beneath, the basal segment of the posterior tarsi beneath, a spot
on the apex of the middle and the posterior coxz, and a spot on
the sides of the basal plates; the third segment of the antenne
one-fourth longer than the fourth ; the clypeus squarely emargi-
nate ; the wings hyaline ; the veins, including the costa and the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST. 183

stigma, black. Length, 9 mm. Habitat—Juliaetta and Craig’s
Mt., Idaho (Prof. J. M. Aldrich)............atracostus, n. sp.

20. Posterior femora in part black :

21.

23.

24.

Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles except at apex, a small spot on the cheeks, a line
on the collar, the tegula, a spot above the posterior cox, the
front legs beneath, the knees of the middle and posterior legs
beneath, and the middle and posterior tibiz beneath; the
following parts rufous: the front femora behind and at middle,
the middle femora beneath and at middle above, and the
posterior femora except a linear spot on the base and apex
above ; the third segment of the antennz one-fourth longer than
the fourth ; the clypeus broadly emarginate ; the wings hyaline ;
the veins, including the costa and the stigma, black. Length,
8 mm. fae ca ae Idaho aay M. Aldrich) ..

.. Aldrichiz, v. sp.
BeerIOngemora TUfOUS .: 2. sy es bes ne os qrls spo

Sete
eeeeeeancl COMar DIAC ») 0:40 as sare yt uisieind cf Umetoa ht Sine vin 2e
Meeemeiitereoiiar pale’.!./) .lsiyg irl nae ah. ne eM 3 oe ac

. Yellow spot above the posterior coxe.. .......a/grisommus, Harrg.
Yellow spot above the posterior coxe wanting.. erythromerus, Prov.
RPeeraN eS ENTOUS so... co ee ee cease FRICOLES, FAOTTDS
MEL ire ACK ADOVE...c¢ sis sherk ele ewe ue vitae wert eae
Posterior tibize wholly rufous:

Black, with the following parts yellowish-white: the clypeus,
the labrum, the mandibles except at apex, a small spot on the
cheeks,.a spot on the upper posterior angles of the prothorax,
the tegule, a spot on the ventral margin of the pronotum,
a spot above the posterior coxie, a spot on the sides of the basal
plates, a fine line on the posterior margin of the basal plates, a
spot on the anterior coxz beneath, a small spot on the posterior
coxz above near the apex, and the front and middle legs
beneath (in some specimens the middle femora are wholly
rufous and in some the coxe are pale at apex) ; the legs beyond
the trochanters rufous except a black line above on the anterior
and middle tibiz (in one specimen the black line on the middle

184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

tibiz is only represented by a black dash), and the middle
and posterior tarsi above (in one specimen there is a triangular
shaped black spot on the anterior tibiz above) ; the clypeus
deeply and roundly emarginate; the third segment of the
antenne one-third longer than the fourth ; the wings hyaline ;
the costa and the stigma fuscous, the former paler at base,
Length, 12 mm. MHabitat—Olympia, Washington (Trevor
Kincaid). . Spee. eae i a nigrifascta, Nn. Sp.
Posterior tibiz Hiious, with a black: ee above:

Black, with the following parts yellow: the clypeus, the labrum,
the mandibles except at apex, a spot on the collar, the tegule,
the tibiz beneath, and a spot above the posterior cox: the re-
mainder of the legs rufous except the following: a black spot
on the base and apex of the femora (more pronounced on
the anterior pair), a black line on the front and middle tibiz
and tarsi above, the posterior tibie# above, and the posterior
tarsi entirely ; the clypeus emarginate ; the third segment of the
antenne one-third longer than the fourth ; the wings hyaline ;
the veins, including the costa and the stigma, black. Length,
g mm. Named after Mr. William Allen Savage. Habitat—
Juliaetta, Idaho (Prof. J. M. Aldrich)... . . Savagel, 0. sp.

The University of Illinois has fallen heir to the Bolter Collection of
Insects, numbering approximately fifteen thousand species, represented by
about seventy thousand specimens, besides thirty thousand duplicates not
in the systematic collection. This collection, accumulated during the last
fifty years by the late Andreas Bolter, a business man of Chicago, is
remarkable for the excellence of the material and for the exquisite care
with which it has been prepared and arranged. It represents all orders
of insects and North America in general, and contains also a considerable
amount of exotic material. The gift was made by the executors of Mr.
Bolter, in accordance with the terms of his will, conditional upon its
maintenance as a unit, under the name of the ‘‘ Bolter Collection of In-
sects,” and in a fireproof building.

The Entomological Society of Ontario has been placed under obli-
gation to Mr. C. T. Ramsden, of Santiago de Cuba, for the gift to its
collection of a specimen of the strange genus Asca/aphus, in the MMyr-
meleonide, which is in itself a great curiosity, as well as being scientifically
valuable, : - J. Atston Morrat, Curator,

eet EO

BP a eb

pegs

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185

CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAI, PREDACEOUS AND
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY
VESPOIDEA.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No. 2.—Continued from page 155.)
SUBFAMILY I.—Pepsine.

To this subfamily belong the giants of the family, although many
species in it are of moderate or insignificant size. Here belong the
“Tarantula Killers,” or Pompilids, belonging to the genus Pepszvs, large,
brilliantly-coloured species, often with fiery red wings, or biue or black
wings marked with white or red, etc., that prey upon the genuine
Tarantulas and other large species of spiders.

The species belonging to this group are at once distinguished from
all others, except the Ageniine, by the second ventral segment in both
sexes being traversed by a transverse grooved line, impression or
emargination. This transverse grooved line, or emargination, is present
in zo other group, except in the ‘females belonging to the Agenizne,
but these are readily distinguished by their smooth hind tibiz, which
are always simple, without teeth or spines and without a longitudinal
ridge. In the Pepsine the hind tbiz in the females are most frequently
toothed or serrate, as well as distinctly spinous; but very rarely simple,
without teeth or spines, but in the few genera without these characteristic
features the hind tibiz have a longitudinal ridge or carina, not possessed

_ by the Ageniine.
Table of Genera.
Second cubital cell receiving the first recurrent nervure much before
Paetieeie, Or Near. 1S Dasal ANGE si pom cites: ve wings soaks sees
Second cubital cell receiving the first recurrent nervure, at or deyond
the middie, very rarely a /:tt/e before the middle. ..........3.
2. Wings ample, extending far beyond the tip of the abdomen; second
cubital cell larger than the third
Hind tibize in @ strongly serrated ; ocelli placed in an obtuse
triangle ; mandibles bidentate; maxille normal; hind tibie
in ¢ simple, wot serrate, the tarsi compressed, flat, the basal
joint usually curved or bent; fourth or fifth ventral segments
with long bristles, often in two groups; claws with a tooth
DSMOLesMUGIe.6 lant at ae eee oe (1) Pepsis,-Fabr;
(Type P. ruficornis, Fabr.)

186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hind tibizw in 9 smooth or nearly; ocelli triangularly arranged ;
mandibles 4-dentate; maxille at base with two long divergent
brushes of pale hairs ; claws with a median tooth

Deneathe es = ihess ree ee eee .(2) Dipogon, Fox.
"(Type D. populator, Fox.)

Wings much abbreviated, zof extending to tip of abdomen ;
second cubital cell smaller than the third; submedian cell
longer than the median; cubitus in hind wings originating
beyond the transverse median nervure; claws with one tooth

beneath... 20.0..0..)..0.8.. 055... (3) Sphictoste thes a ieasas
(Type P. Gravesii, Hal.)
3. Submedian cell in front wings zof longer than the median or clearly

shorter, the transverse median nervure interstitial with the basal
nervure, or uniting with the median vein defore the origin of
the basal nervure....... Aga =! seaeea i eS
Submedian cell in front wings sais es than the medians
the transverse median nervure uniting with the median vein
beyond the origin of the basal nervure.
Marginal cell pointed at apex; claws wot cleft, but with one
tooth beneath ; inner angle of first discoidal cell wzthout
a glabrous spot at base, or only faintly indicated.... ..7,
Marginal cell broadly rounded, or squarely or obliquely trun-
cate at apex; inner angle of first. discoidal cell with a

distinct glabrous spot at base (rarely wanting)........-4.

4 All claws cleft, or wth one or more teeth beneath.... .........5.
Front claws alone cleft, the others with a tooth

eneathiern. cg eae stash cete teak .(4) Heteronyx, Sauss.

5. Marginal eel scarcely Anite: as long as ae the first recurrent

nervure received by the second cubital cell beyond the middle or
towards apex, but considerably rte the second transverse
cubitus ; claws cleft. « aged ae Dea haem wn oe 6 5a
Marginal cell very fone. Sour times, or ne any: longer than wide ;
first recurrent nervure interstitial, or very nearly, with the second
transverse cubitus ; inner angle of first discoidal cell usually with
a glabrous spot; cubitus in hind wings originating before the
transverse median nervure (rarely interstitial).
Claws with ove tooth beneath; outer ridge on hind tibiz in ?
distinctly serrate, the face with short, stiff
RISELCSieo tious | + «5 eeactebetere (5) Mygnimia, Shuckard.
' 3 (Type M. flava, Fabr.)

Sule

“7 aaa

mike

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187

Claws with /wo teeth beneath in ¢ cleft; metanotum with
a tubercle on each side of the spiracles, otherwise as in

UL Ee eee ee (6) Hemipepsis, Dahlb.
“(Type H. capensis, Dahlb.)

Claws with four teeth beneath and closely and longly combed
with bristles ; outer ridge on hind tibiz in 9 simple, not

at all serrate (Africa)......(7) Tetraodontonyx, Ashm., n. g
(Type T. rufipes, Ashm., m. s.)
6. Front tibiz spined above, the front tarsi with a long comb, consist-

ing of 7 or 8 long spines; hind tibize and tarsi armed with
large spines. Second and third cubital cells small, the third
the-smaller- of the two. .......:s..-..-+.(8) Schiztonyx, Sass;
Front tibie not spined above, the front tarsi armed with. short
spines ; hind tibiz and tarsi armed with small spines arranged in
rows; second and third cubital cells large, the third the larger of
the two. ae me .(9) Cyphononyx, Dahlb.
7. First recurrent nervure pea by the a cubital cell a/, near, or
a little beyond the middle, but rarely as far as its apical third, the
second recurrent nervure received by the third cubical cell before
its middle. ee ; Ree ae aac
First recurrent nervure receined ie the second eabael cell near its
apex, or at or beyond the apical third; submedian cell much
longer than the median; wings ferruginous, margined with
black; cubitus in hind wings interstitial with the transverse

Reith WETVUIC,.'...). ...... i» +20. +41) < 44-20) eallosoma, dsepel:

(Type P. barbara, Lepel.)

8. Cubitus in hind wings ¢#ferstzt7a/ or originating a little before the

transverse median nervure; eyes of, or only slightly, con-

vergent above ; clypeus with the anterior margin more or less

distinctly sinuate medially (rarely truncate), the labrum slightly
exposed. pipet:

Front tarsi wth acomb; hind tibizin 9 strongly serrate, in
¢@ with short, indistinct spines; second cubital cell receiving
the first recurrent nervure near its apical
Ct ae i cee cere Sy .(11) Salius Fabricius.

= - Priocnemis, Schiodte (pars).
= Priocnemoides, Sauss.

Front taris without a comb; hind tibiz in 2 wof serrate, or
with only slight traces of teeth, but with some short, stout
spines, in ¢ w/éthout or at most with very short, feeble

188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

spines; second cubital cell receiving the first recurrent
nervure at or only a little beyond its
middlewt¢) ss o2t.s.e. | (12) Calepom pics Ashm., n. g.
5 (Type P. maculipennis, Smith.)
Cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median
nervure, or at least somewhat beyond it, never interstitial ;
clypeus squarely truncate anteriorly ; second cubital cell receiving
the first recurrent nervure af¢ or a /ittle before its
middle.. She eae aun hm See ..(13) Hemipogonius, Sauss.
(T ype H. venustipennis, Sauss. )
9g. Submedian and median cells in front wings equal the transverse
median nervure, zzferstitia/ with the basal nervure.
Pronotum as long or longer than the mesonotum ........II.
Pronotum distinctly shorter than the mesonotum..........10.
to. Eyes convergent above; pronotum anteriorly abruptly truncate ;
first recurrent nervure joining the second cubital cell a little
beyond the middle ; claws with a tooth beneath ; cubitus in hind
WINGS IMCErStibial. «occ creas 7 Sey aan oor (14) Calicurgus, Lepel.
(Type C. fasciatellus, Lep.)
11, First recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell at or near
its middle ; cubitus in hind wings interstitial, or nearly, with the
transverse median nervure..... (15) Ferreolomorpha, Ashm, n. g.
(Type Priocnemis pedestris, Smith.)

PAE GENUS CATO ATA

BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL.

It is 16 years since the Rev. G. D. Hulst undertook a revision of
this genus along the lines of ‘Structural Characters.” As a new Check
List of the moths is to be published soon, it seems proper that another
arrangement of the genus be made. ‘The structure of the genitalia as a
basis of the separation of the species has been regarded by many eminent
lepidopterists as of doubtful value. It is certain that in this genus its use
was not warranted by larval characters or field observation. For these
reasons the last revision has not been satisfactory to those who were
familiar with many species in their native haunts, or who had bred them.
The writer does not say, however, that the present revision will be fault-
less, for as yet too few of the species ¢re known in their adolescent stages

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189

to make this much of an aid in classification. It is now a question
whether certain forms are valid species or mere varieties, and this can be
settled only by further observation or breeding. Many species have a
wide range of variation, such as Lacrymosa, but the intergrades and
varieties in this species are all well known, and the characters are so
strongly marked in all the forms that we need not hesitate with fhis
species. Other species, as Epione and Sappho, are remarkably uniform
in their markings, even when from widely-separated localities. Of the
validity of these species there is no question, even without breeding. Of
some of the others, it seems better to retain their names as species till
they are proven otherwise. The closet naturalist is not always able to
judge in such cases. Even so good a botanist as Dr. Asa Gray was led
astray in at least one instance known to the writer by not knowing his
plant in the field.

In regard to sequence, there seems to be no reason why the smaller
species should be regarded as the highest. If activity counts for anything,
then Zpione certainly stands at the head of the list. Unless we change
the usual generic description, Allotria Elonympha, Andrewsia Belfra-
giana and Parthenos Nubilis are not Catocale.

In the December number of the CANADIAN ENtomovocist for 1892,
page 308 of Vol. 24, it was shown that too little was known of the larve
to use them as a basis of classification in this genus. Asa rule they are
striped longitudinally, but one species, ///ecta, has its larva striped trans-
versely. Generally there is a lateral fringe along the sides of the larve,
but three species, Obscura, Znnubens and J/lecta, were known not to have
this fringe, 15 species having it. As these differed widely in size, colour
and markings of the imagines, this character would be of little value in
classification. For this and other reasons it seems best to follow the
general practice and take the colour of the hind wings as the basis of division
of the genus into groups. In this paper the writer will consider only the
black-winged species.

As to the two species, Viduata and Vidua, we see no good reason
for relegating the former to synonymy. There are numerous instances where
names in the same genus in our catalogues are the same except for aslight
_ difference in the termination. From Kirby’s Catalogue of the Diurnal
Lepidoptera we have Anthocaris Ausonia and Ausonides, and Papilio
Xuthus and Xuthu/us, and a number of others might be cited. In his
Catalogue of the Heterocera, Vol. 1, published in 1892, we find Kirby

190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

following the same practice: as Amorpha Populi and Populeti, Milto-
christa Rosaria and Rosacea, etc. It is also not a very uncommon thing
to see the same name used in a family in related genera without any
change. As an instance of this, in Dr. Skinner’s new catalogue of “North
American Rhopalocera,” 1898, we find Diadema Misippus, and in the
next genus Zimenitis Misippus. In these species the female of the first

is coloured and marked so much like the second in both sexes that they

might easily be mistaken for each other by an amateur. -Yet the writer
has seen no criticism on Dr. Skinner’s course in the use of these names.
The same thing was found in a catalogue of Star Fishes, where the specific
name A/i/iaris was used in two related genera of the same family. How.
ever much we may regret that names with only a slight difference in ter-
mination have been used, or the same name for two species in related
genera of a family, when the names have been published and used it seems
best to the writer to let them alone. Indeed, I do not believe any one
has a right to change them. In the case before us there is no danger of
confounding Viduata and Vidua, for the tivo insects are very different.

In regard to the two names, Judith, Strecker, and Levettei, Grote, the
dates of the published papers in which the descriptions occur give Strecker’s
name the priority. We have decided to take the ‘‘ face of the returns” as
evidence in this case without taking up the differences of the two authors.

In looking over the collection of Dr. William Barnes, of Decatur, IIl.,
a new species was found which the Doctor kindly placed at my disposal.
In the description that follows, the writer has dedicated the species to its
owner by the use of his name for the species.

Catocala Barnesiz, nov. spec.

Expanse, 2.63 inches. General or ground colour of the fore wings
rather dark olive gray, not so dark as that of Odscura, but between that
species and the colour of Robinsoniz, the lines faint and much the same as
they are in the latter species, the insect in general reminding one of
Robinsonii, but it is smaller and darker, standing in size between Robin-
sonit and Judith. Comparing the markings with those of Rodinsonii, the
t. a. line is oblique, reaching the posterior margin close to the t. p. line
as in Robinsonit, but the costal portion is heavier ; the shade over the
reniform is rather heavy ; the reniform with only the inner part of its ring
visible. This portion black, the rest concolorous, while in Rodnsonii the
reniform is brown ; subreniform whitish, closed or nearly so, in colour
paler than in Redznsoniz, and in that species it is wide open; t. p. line

- oe vee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191

with its two extra-discal teeth about half as acuminate as in Rodinsonii, in
the latter the anterior often extends across the subterminal space; s. t.
line scarcely discernible, much less brown in the s. t. space than in its
ally, almost concolorous. The ground colour of Rod/nsonii is pale gray
with a slight bluish sheen as seen in its side light, that of Barneszi has a
slight purplish sheen in a side light.

Hind wings black, fringe white with a slight ochraceous tinge at base,
black at the ends of the veins. The under side as in Rodznsonzz, but more
smoky in tinge.

Described from two examples from San Antonio, Texas; in the
cabinet of Dr. Wm. Barnes, Decatur, III.

The writer would arrange the black-winged species of the Catocalz
of the United States as tollows :

Catocala, Schrank. 1o. Flebilis, Grote.

1. Epione, Drury. 11. Robinsonii, Grote.

2. Sappho, Strecker. var. Curvata, French.
3. Agrippina, Strecker. 12. Barnesii, French, nov. sp.
4. Subviridis, Harvey. 13. Obscura, Strecker.

5. Lacrymosa, Guenée. var. Simulatilis, Grote.

var. Ulalume, Strecker. 14. Residua, Grote.
var. Paulina, Hy. Edw. 15. Insolabilis, Guenée.
var, Emilia, Hy. Edw. 16. Angusi, Grote.
var. Evelina, French. var. Lucetta, Hy. Edw.
var. Zelica, French. 17. Judith, Strecker.

6. Viduata, Guenée. Levettei, Grote.
Maestosa, Hulst. var. Miranda, Hy. Eaw.

wa Vidua, A.—S.
Desperata, Gueneée.
8. Dejecta, Strecker.

. Tristis, Edw.

Elda, Behrens.
Relicta, Walker.

Retecta, Grote.

var. Bianca, Hy. Edw.
var. Luctuosa, Hulst.

var. Phrynia, Hy. Edw.

A NEW CATOCALA FROM TEXAS.

BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, ROEMER MUSEUM, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.
Catocala moderna, Nn. sp.

Allied to C. viduata, Guenée, but very much smaller, and at once
distinguished by the pale angulated band of the under surface of hind
wings reflecting through on upper surface, where it appears as a faintly yel-
lowish mesial shade, distinctly outlined. Fore wings like C. viduata, of
the same pale gray, with the black oblique shading running from costa

at centre of median space outwardly to below apices, less marked than

192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in its ally. Subreniform paler, more yellowish. Else the lines and
markings copy in miniature itsally. Fringe to secondaries wae Collar
darker, with black line ; thorax pale gray.

Expanse 70 mil. Hab.—Dolores, Texas.

Accompanying the fresh type are examples of C. viduata, Guen.
(=maestosa, Hulst. Guenée considered his name sufficiently distinct
from vidua, and adopted it for that reason), which expand 95-98 mil. - I
know of no black-winged Cafoca/a in which the mesial band shows so
plainly.

In this same collection is a fresh 2 example of Lacles imperiadis,

var. nobilis, Neum., with the wings all suffused with russet ; also one of

var. didyma, Beauv., not recorded by Dyar. Yellow, with both wings
terminally entirely russet, outside of the undulate pale purple band. My
recollection ofthe work of De Beauvois is that he figures this form. The
antenne in the figure are incorrect; from having been broken off his type,
the author was induced to effect a restoration in his figure not agreeing
with reality. There is alsoalarva of a C’theronia, which does not well
agree with alcoholic specimens of C. regalts, and may be C. AZexicana.

BOOK NOT +e E.

STORIES OF INsEcT Lire (Second Sy ey Mary E. Murtfeldt and
Clarence M. Weed. Ginn & Co., pp. 72, 1899.

Reliable books about insects, written so that children can understand
them and will be interested, are few in number. ‘The little. work now
under consideration fulfils its purpose admirably, and will doubtless be
very useful in fostering a taste among children for insect life. The informa-
tion given is accurate and well selected. Moreover, it is presented in an
earnest, attractive manner, which will create a desire for more knowledge,
and, with that desire, an inclination to seek for it where best it can be
found, in the open field, by personal observation. The present booklet is
intended as a companion to a similar publication of 54 pages, which
appeared last year. Both are well and freely illustrated. The insects
chosen for description are common objects of the country, just such as a
child would wish to know about. The aim of the authors was well con-
ceived, and has been well carried out. They say: ‘“ This little book is
designed for use as a reading book, which shall lead the pupil to fuller
observation upon the insects about him. It is not essential that the
articles be read consecutively ; but it is highly desirable that the pupils
actually see as many as possible of the insects discussed.” ‘The study
of living insects should always have the first place in school work. The
aim of the teacher should be, not to foster the collecting spirit so much as
to develop the perceptive faculties in such a way that the pupil will not
only notice the things about him, but will be on the alert for the signifi-
cance of their structure, their colour or their habits of life.” Jul.

Mailed May 3 31st, 1g00,

:

ave re ee

The Fanadliay 1

ntomoalogist,

VoL. XXXII. LONDON, JULY, 1900. No. 7
CONTENTS.

Fyles—The *‘ Entomological Muddle”...... 193 Webster— Diptera from wheat fields.......... 212
Ball—Some new Jassidz............... 0000. 200 Kone—Coccidz of thé Ivy... -csee «suas ses 214
Bogue—A new species of Kermes:........... 205 Osborn—New species of Hamatopinus...... 215
Baker—Notes on Idiocerus.................. 207 Book Notice—Grote’s Systema Lepidop-

Beutenmuller— New Sesia from Alaska...... 208 terorum Hildesia...............+0++++5- 216
Grote—Types of Noctuid genera..... ...... 209 Bercenalin Giescstaatschininm nemie ste owierseice 213, 216

THE “ ENTOMOLOGICAL MUDDLE” —A REJOINDER.
BY THE REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.

I thought I had “ said my say” on the Cunea-Congrua question, but
Mr. Lyman’s attack upon me demands a reply.

Mr. Lyman has made a military allusion in rather questionable
taste. I would remind him that the reason the Boers have stuck to their
guns is that, until now (May, 1900), their opponents have not been able
to capture their guns, but have, on the other hand, furnished the Boers
with new artillery and fresh stores of ammunition.

Mr. Lyman has supplied me with new proofs that cu#zea, Drury, and
punctatissima, S. & A., are not identical—proofs that I think will be
convincing to every candid reader. I shall set them forth in due course.

I will arrange the remarks I have now to offer as I did those which I
made in the March number of this year’s ENTOMOLOGIST.

I.—Concerning the identity of congrua, Walker, with antigone, Strecker.

Mr. Lyman thinks it probable that I am right in maintaining that
antigone, Strecker, is only a synonym of comyrua, Walker; but he thinks
also that two clauses in my summary of evidence brought before us—viz.:

(c) Dr. Hulst and others have bred it.

(@) S. antigone has been found to be identical with it — ‘too
positive to be scientific.” Why? Dr. Hulst described the larvee under
the name of congrua, and the larve I raised were unquestionably of the
same kind as his, and these produced moths which tally in every particular
with the description given by Grote and Robinson (see description on
page 123 of the May number), several of them having the S-like mark

194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

which Mr. Lyman has never seen; and this description was made by
Grote from two of Walker’s types which he saw and handled, and which
bore Walker’s own identification marks ; and Messrs. Dyar and Beuten-
muller have declared the moths, raised as above mentioned, to be
identical with .S. aztigone, Strecker ; and Walker’s name of the species
has the priority. What more would Mr. Lyman have? Does he think
we should be any better off if he himself had seen Walker’s types and
described them ?

II.—Concerning Riley’s theory.

I may truly say that I was an entomologist before Mr. Lyman was
born, and it seems to me “only the other day” that Prof. Riley pro-
pounded his theory that “ many names,” of which he instanced four,
viz., cunea, Drury ; textor, Harris; punctata, Fitch, and punctatissima,
S. & A., were merely synonyms—the first of the four having the priority.
Up to that time no one had thought of calling the moth from our Northern
Fall Web-worm anything but Zex¢or. Walsh and Riley so designated it in
Vols. I. and II. of the * American Entomologist’; so did Packard in his
‘““Guide”— my copy is one of the 7th edition, published in 1883; and
Saunders, in his * Insects Injurious to Fruits,” published in the same year.

Riley had done good work as an entomologist, and men were
disposed to accept his teaching without question. Dr. Smith adopted it,
and “‘Smith’s List” has been the guide of our younger entomologists.
Hence the use of cumea to designate the moths from Fall Web-worms.

But I maintain that when I spoke of Lombyx cunea, Drury, no one
had a right to assume that I meant something else—that I meant (to
adopt Dr. Dyar’s formula) czm#ea, Riley (nec Drury).

If no one till now has questioned the identy of cumea, Drury, and
punctatissima, S. & A., it has been because no one has had the reason
for questioning it that now exists, viz., the discovery of an insect that
more closely answers to Drury’s figure avd description.than punctatissima
does.

Whether “yphantria punctatissima, S. & A., and H. textor, Harris,
are identical or not can be easily proved by our Southern entomologists,
They have only to breed carefully from eggs of each sort to determine
the matter. It will be ‘‘too ridiculous” if it should prove that in this
respect also we have been misled by Riley—that after all there is but one
brood of fextoy in the season, and but one brood of punctatissima, and

_ a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195

that these insects are specifically distinct one from the other. In the
meantime it zs surprising that Mr. Lyman, above everybody else, should
countenance a question whether these insects are so distinct, for such a
question implies a suspicion that that eminent entomologist, Dr. Riley,
confused two or more species of moths.

Itrequires considerable courage and self-confidence for a man to assume
the role of general critic and censor, and a critic should be careful not to
misrepresent those whom he attacks. Where is the relevancy, or the
correctness, of Mr. Lyman’s statement that I overlooked the fact of the
priority of the name punctatissima over that of fextor, seeing that, on
page 369 in the December number of the Canapian Entomotvocist, I
arranged the Hyphantrians thus :

HYPHANTRIA, Harris.
Punctatissima, S. & A.
textor, Harris ?

Again, on page 128 he says, speaking of myself, ‘‘ He is wrong in
implying that Dr. Ottolengui doubted the identity of cumea, Drury, and
punctatissima, A. & 8.” I implied nothing of the sort.

He continues, “What Dr. Ottolengui expressed a doubt about was
whether fextor, Harris, and punctatissima, A. & S., were the same.” Is
not that what I said? My words were, “ By these forms I understand
him to mean punctatissima and textor.” Mr. Lyman failed to perceive
that I was showing the weakness of Riley’s theory in fwo particulars,
testing the chain at two points.

It is usually understood that Riley was his own artist (and a very
good artist too!). Whether he drew the figures 86 and 87, of which so
much has been said, does not appear; but in the figures there are no lines
of dimensions, in the letterpress there is no word as to enlargement or
inaccuracy. We must therefore conclude that the figures are what Riley
intended them to be. Yet Mr. Lyman speaks of the dimensions of Fig.
86 as “absurd,” and alludes to inaccuracies in the wing-series. Zn fact,
I have to thank him for fully sustaining my second contention, for if, as he
says, Riley’s series of wing-figures were merely intended to show the
range of variations of a variable species, how can they be regarded as “a
proof amounting to a demonstration” that cunea, Drury ; congrua, Walker ;
textor, Harris; punctatissima, S. & A., etc., etc., are one and the same
species ?

196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

No one supposed, and it was absurd to suppose, that anyone was in
danger of supposing that Riley figured only moths coming from a black
ground-feeding larva.

I1I.—Concerning Drury’s cumwea and the Quebec Spilosoma.

The discussion of the Cunea question was not uncalled for, and has
not been unprofitable. It is well that so much information on the
subject has been brought together. In this respect Mr. Lyman has done
good service. We can now see clearly the slight basis on which the
theory of the identity of cunea and punctatissima has been built, viz.,
two uncertain references, made long ago, by two old-world entomologists,
and the fact that punctatissima is a variable species. “The references are :
‘* Whether this be the cunea of Mr. Drurv or not” (Sir James Smith), and
“There seems little reason for doubting that this is identical with the
Phalena punctatissima of Abbott and Smith” (Westwood). We have no
reason to think that either of the writers had seen Drury’s types. Upon
so trivial a foundation the theory has been built !

Mr. Lyman thinks Smith and Abbot’s figure of punctatissima
admirable, and that it shows perfect bilateral symmetry. Let us see!
In the left secondary of the figure there is a black spot near the tip, and
behind it, running towards the body, are two others; on the right
secondary the three spots run in a line along the outer margin ; and this is
what Mr. Lyman calls “ perfect bilateral symmetry ”! He objects to my
expression ‘‘fancy sketch.” Is it then a vea/ity that, in: the favoured
South, imagoes and larve of punctatissima may be seen on mulberry
bushes at one time?

I had overlooked Drury’s description of cunea. I am glad to read
it—it strengthens my case. Mr. Lyman gives it in full on page 122. I
will quote the English of the description to save the reader the trouble of
reference, and that there may be no mistake as to terms. I give the Old
Country meanings of ash-coloured and tip:

“ Ash-colored, a., between brown and gray, like the bark of
ASB? seco Aone bees a Lions ae. Leiad's Dicttonary.
°Tp; the Dest where the costa meets sthe ee
WAKE UD? wise A atest eee coe uece se ee Stainton’s Manual; Voli
pie desman: is as jailewe
“ Upper side.—Antenne pectinated and black. ‘There is nO appear-
ance of any tongue. Héad white. Back and abdomen ash colour.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197

Anterior wings white, with a great number of spots, differently shaped,
of a sooty black colour. On the external margin are five spots, those
nearest the tips being shaped like triangles. Posterior wings white, with a
sooty spot on each near the external edge, and a very faint small
mark near the exterior angle. Under side.—Legs black. Breast and
abdomen ash colour. The wings marked as on the upper side.”

We may well ask, Would anyone identify A. punctatissima by
this description? Riley (as Mr. Lyman has said) has given us the
“range” of variation of this variable species. He has given us ten
representations (there ave ten—Mr. Lyman did not count correctly).
Possibly a hundred more might have been introduced, but Riley gives
the range. The extremes are there. Yake 7 and / at One extreme of the
series, those that have the triangles upon which so much stress has been
laid. Do they answer to the description? No; the triangles are at the
wrong end !

Reference has been made to the name cunea. The name cunea
carries its own meaning. Cunea=cuneia (Gr.), of, or pertaining to,
a dog, and this, with the generic term Sf//osoma (spotted body), makes
up a very fitting appellation for the species.

How cunea can properly be derived from cuneus (L.), a wedge, has
not been shown us. As Mr. Lyman says, I have chosen to call the
Bombyx cunea of Drury a Spzlosoma. Ihave done so because Westwood
and Walker chose to call it so; and because we have not the slightest
particle of evidence that the insect was an Hyphantrian.

In the January number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for this year,
page 16, appear these words from Dr. Dyar: ‘‘ There can be no manner
of doubt of Drury’s figure. It represents the spotted form of Hyphantria.
The description of the abdomen at the last resort isconclusive.” I passed
this enigmatical statement by as “one of those things that no fellah can
understand.” But Mr. Lyman has acted as interpreter. He says:
“In the January number of the present year Dr. Dyar very briefly points
out Dr. Fyles’s error, calling attention to the fact that of cunea the
abdomen is described as ‘concolori nigro-maculato,’ the English descrip-
tion saying back and abdomen ash-colour.”

Let us see how things stand :
1. a. Walker’s cunea had the abdomen yellowish, white on the hind
borders of the segments and towards the
Pepe seat yin s wee eye Oe ae Ara ay PAOOGy 1. 299

198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

b. Walker’s cunea ‘‘ was doubtless

punctatissima”...............-(Lyman, p. 121, May number).
2. a. Drury’s cunea has the back and abdomen ash-
COLOUL . ofa hele «ose en hb Leo Leyte ollores bdo ok) Dy See
b. ‘“ There is no doubt of the identity of cunea and
putictatissima” y. .../ 15.5.7 .......+-(Riley and Smith),

3. a. Drury’s figure shows a white abdomen.(Lyman, p. 128, May number).
b. ‘ There can be no manner of doubt of Drury’s figure. It represents
the spotted form of Hyphantria”.(Dyar, p. 16, January number)

No difficulty whatever is made of the logical conclusions that the
abdomen of punctatissima is yellowish, white at the edges and towards the
tip; that it is ash-colour ; and iurthermore, that it is wAzte. But when I
described the Quebec insect as having an abdomen yedlow (‘‘ yellowish ” ),
white at the edges and towards the tip, why then “the description of the
abdomen at the last resort was conclusive” (Dyar). Conclusive of what ?
That Dr. Fyles was in ‘‘error” (Lyman). The description should be back
and abdomen ash-colour. ano

However, the difficulty as to the abdomen in the case of cunea can be
easily cleared up by a comparison with congrua. |

Last year I sent a specimen of congrua to Washington. When it left
me the insect had anabdomen pure white. When it came back to me, the
abdomen was ash-coloured. The Jong fluffy feathers had been shaken off,
and only a slight down remained. Other moths of the batch to which this
belonged are losing their white clothing. One has the white in patches
only, both on the back and the abdomen.

So also as regards my specimens of .S. cunea, Drury. ‘The male has
been to London, Ont., and back (1,200 miles), and has now an ash-coloured
abdomen. The female that I mentioned in my first paper still answers to
Walker’s description. A second female taken by Edgar Walters at Bourg
Louis has been less disturbed, and has more white and less yellow on the
abdomen. All these specimens were somewhat worn when they were
taken, and I think it very probable that originally they had white abdo-
mens, as the specimens of congrua had. The abdominal scales and

feathers are alike in both insects.

Lest the readers of the CANADIAN ENnTomoLocist should be misled
by Mr. Lyman’s words, ‘I can see no resemblance beyond the most
superficial between his specimen and Drury’s figure,” I beg to state that
Mr. Lyman has never had my specimen in his possession.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199

The resemblance of the Quebec Spilosoma to Drury’s ¢s superficial—
** most superficial.”

The size is the same.

The contour is the same.

The coloration is the same.

The arrangement of the spots is the same.

The triangle is in the right place.

The variation in the abdomen is accounted for, and there is no
straining to fit an extreme variety, or a spotless female, into the case.

What the resemblance /vterna//y may be,I cannot say. I must leave
Mr. Lyman to find out. And with this parting shot, I retire from the
field—my guns uncaptured ; my forces unbroken.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 4.

The plate is made from an admirable photograph taken by Prof. H.
Walters, M. A., Morrin College. The figures of the moths are of the
natural size.

Figs. 1 and 2 represent Ayphantria textor, Harris. The insects
were raised at Levis by myself.

Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 show specimens of Sfi/osoma congrua, Walker.
One male is all but immaculate—it has a tiny dot at the angle of the
second fork of the medidn nerve. The abdomen of the insect represented
was originally pure white ; it is now yellow, white at the edges of the seg-
ments and towards the tip. The other male represented is more spotted,
and has now an ash-coloured abdomen with longitudinal rows of spots.
One female answers to Grote and Robinson’s description. The other is
more spotted.

Figs. 7 and 8 represent a pair of lyphantria punctatissima, S. and A.
The moths were sent to me by Mr. H. H. Newcomb, of Boston, and were
raised by Miss Emily L. Morton, of New Windsor, N. Y. Miss Morton
says of these insects: ‘I have raised a great many of them, and there is
very little variation ; the female is invariably immaculate.”

In Figs. 9 and to a pair of the Spilosomas we have had under
consideration are seen. ‘The male was taken at Bergerville, Quebec, by
Miss Bickell; the female was taken at Bourg Louis, Quebec, by Edgar
Walters. In the Plate the black pectinations of the antenne of the male
do not show against the dark background. Ty Wik:

[This controversy is now closed, so far as the pages of this magazine
are concerned.—Ep. C. E. |

200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SOME NEW JASSIDA FROM THE SOUTHWEST.
BY E. D. BALL, FORT COLLINS, COLO.

Phlepsius lascivius, n. sp.—Resembling a/tus, slightly larger and
lighter coloured ; margin of the vertex black either side of a light tip.
Length 6 mm. ; width 2 mm. |

Head as wide as the pronotum, vertex depressed at the base, anteri-
orly convex and rounding to the front, the apex slightly angled, hardly half
longer than at eye, two and one-half times wider than long, more than half
as long as the pronotum, front broad, convex in both diameters, round-
ingly narrowing below ; clypeus with the margins straight; elytra rather
stout and straight, flaring behind, the claval nervures parallel, not united.

Colour: soiled yellowish white closely inscribed with brownish fus-
cous. Vertex with an irregular black cloud either side of the white apex,
back of this a white crescent, behind which the surface is irrorate with
pale fulvous brown, a semi-pupillate spot either side at the base ; face
heavily irrorate with fuscous, the black-clouds of the vertex uniting below
the apex, a few light arcs on the front and’a light band across the clypeus
and lore ; pronotum closely irrorate with fuscous ; scutellum washed with
dirty fulvous, a pair of black points on the margin on either side ; elytra
milk white, finely inscribed with fuscous, which is not in irregular lines
except on costal and apical margins.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female very long, the pos-
terior margin truncate, the median third with a pair of very slight, evenly-
rounded lobes, between which there is a distinct notch ; male valve very
broad, obtusely triangular, plates three times the length of the valve, broad
at base, roundingly narrowing half their length, then produced as bluntly
pointed divergent lobes.

Described from eight females and four males taken at Holly. Pueblo,
and Fort Collins, Colo., and Kimball, Neb. Part of the Fort Collins
specimens came from back in the mountain gulches.

Phlepsius turpiculus, n. sp.—Resembling cinereus, but more heavily
irrorate. Pale straw yellow, irrorate with fulvous brown. Length, g
7mm., 9 6mm.; width, 9 2mm., g 1.¢ mm.

Head as wide as the pronotum, vertex but little longer on middle
than against eye, half as long as the pronotum, surface convex, passage to
the front roundingly angulate ; front broad above, feebly convex, almost
angled at the antennz ; clypeus narrow just before the base ; elytra long,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201

narrowing apically; veins on clavus sometimes tied before the middle, but
not converging.

Colour: a dirty creamy yellow, washed and irrorate with brownish
fulvous, vertex and face washed and very finely irrorate with dirty fulvous,
omitting a light line marking the boundary between them, and a crescent
behind the apex of the vertex ; elytra rather coarsely and uniformly irro-
rate, lower side and legs washed with fulvous, scarcely marked.

Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of the female twice the length of
the penultimate, slightly notched in the middle of the posterior margin,
either side of which it is slightly sinuated to the rectangular lateral angles;
male valve triangular, the margins indented midway to the apex, plates
gradually narrowing to half their basal width, then extending as acutely
tipped, attingent, finger-like processes four times the length of the
valve.

Described from numerous specimens collected at Holly and Fort
Collins, Colo., and at Stratton, Neb. This species and /ascizvius have
female genitalia much alike in pattern, while the male plates are quite
different ; those of ¢turpicudus resembling ¢rroratus, while /ascivius
resembles nebudosus.

Phlepsius graphicus, n. sp.—Reseinbling superdus, slightly longer and
heavier built, the lobate commissural line distinct. Length 7 mm.; width
3 mm.

Head narrower than the pronotum, vertex sloping, the margin dis-
tinct but not compressed ; width at base twice the middle length, very
slightly longer on middle than at eye, more than half the length of the
pronotum ; front broad above, rounding to the spatulate clypeus below ;
elytra long, flaring apically, the claval nervures tied by a cross nervure
before the middle.

Colour: ground colour soiled straw yellow, vertex and pronotum irro-
rate with testaceous, a round spot on either side the vetex at the base, and
pupillate spots on the pronotum behind these, a pair of round spots on
the scutellum, the apical part light; elytra pale, the nervures and irrora-
tions brownish fuscous, the scutellar margin and a lobate commissural
line light, irrorations gathered into fuscous spots along the costa; face
heavily irrorate with brownish fuscous ; legs light, marked and lined with
fuscous.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female three times as long

202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

as the penultimate, lateral margins sloping, lateral angles slightly produced
and rounding, posterior margin with two rounding teeth on each side of
the deep median incision, the outer pair extending obliquely inwards,
twice as long as the inner pair; male valve less than half as long as the
ultimate segment, semicircular, plates twice the width of the valve, almost
semicircular, slightly elongate, the margin fringed with fine white hairs,
four strong spines inside the margin on either side.

Described from fourteen specimens from Wray and Fort Collins,
Colo., and Kimball, Neb.

Phlepsius cumulatus, n. sp.—Intermediate in sizeand colour between
eraphicus and superbus, lobate commissural line faint. Length 6.5 mm. ;
width nearly 3 mm.

Head narrower than the pronotum, vertex nearly parallel margined,
slightly sloping, passage to the front distinct but not angled, front broader
than in suferbus and not as convex ; elytra broad and slightly compressed
behind, the irrorations finer and weaker than in graphicus.

Colour: yellowish fulvous irrorate with a rich testaceous brown shad-
ing to fuscous where the irrorations are thickened up; the anterior mar-
gin of vertex with a light line interrupted in the middle by a red point,
two fuscous points on the disc of the scutellum, the commissural line
faintly lobate ; below tawny yellow, the front heavily marked with brown-
ish fuscous, the rest of face and legs maculate.

Genitalia: the ultimate ventral segment of the female two and one-
half times longer than the penultimate, cleft in the middle nearly to the
base by a triangular notch, either side of which there is another slight
notch ; from the outer lobe thus formed it rounds off to the base without
lateral angles ; male valve triangular, plates twice the length of the valve,
the sides roundingly angulate, the tips slightly angularly divergent, a dark
spot at the inner angle at the base, the margin fringed with fine hairs, the
submargin with a few white spines.

Described from numerous specimens taken at Fort Collins, Virginia
Dale, Pinewood, and Livermore, Colo., all within the mountains, from the
first foothills up to 7,000 feet.

Variety arctostaphyle, n. var.—The preceding species was swept as
larvee and adults from Snowberry (Symphoricarpos sp.), where it was
found in abundance ; a little higher up on the mountains a few specimens,
along with their larve, of a smaller and darker species were taken from

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203

Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-urst); superficially they resemble dark
specimens of a/tus, but structurally they could not be separated from
cumulatus with the material in hand.

They are shorter and heavier than cumu/atus, with short broad elytra
which just cover the abdomen. In colour they are a much darker testace-
ous, shading to fuscous.

Phlepsius albidus, n. sp.—Small, pale greenish white, resembling
Eutettix insana until closely examined, slightly more robust. Length
4.5 mm. ; width 1.25 mm.

Head as wide as the pronotum, vertex flat, slightly sloping, slightly
but distinctly angled before, a little over half as long as its basal width,
two-thirds the length of the pronotum ; front convex in both diameters,
scarcely narrowing until just before the apex; elytra moderately long,
compressed behind, the claval nervures straight.

Colour: vertex face and scutellum pale, creamy yellow ; pronotum
with a greenish cast ; elytra white, with fine, almost microscopic, greenish
fuscous irrorations, a dark point at apex of clavus and a pair at the outer
angles of the lore ; beneath greenish white.

Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of the female about twice longer
than the penultimate, posterior margin slightly rounding, two small round-
ing lobes faintly outlined at the centre.

Described from four females taken at Pueblo, Colo. In the white
colour and the greenish character of the irrorations this species is very dis-
tinct from any before described.

Eutettix insana, n. sp.—Form of modesta nearly, but smaller, pale,
slightly greenish, white, peppered all over, thickest on the elytra, with
small round black specks. Length, 2 4mm., ¢ 3.25 mm.; width 1 mm.

Vertex nearly flat, a third longer in the middle than at the eye ; three-
fourths as long as the pronotum, two-thirds as long as its basal width,
rounding to the convex front, which is slightly expanded below the antennal
pits, clypeus convex-margined above; elytra moderately long, flaring as
in modesta, venation rather weak, the claval nervures either coalescing or
tied across in the middle.

Colour: vertex and face pale greenish orange, vertex with afew small
spots ; pronotum olive with scattered dark dots ; elytra white, sprinkled
all over with small round dots which appear to be on the surface, all
below white, somewhat dotted on legs, connexivum and _ pygofers.

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female three times the
length of the penultimate, angularly excavated from the acute lateral
angles half way to the base in the middle, from which arises a strap-like
tooth, nearly equalling the lateral angles, its apex rounded ; male valve
not as long as the ultimate segment, very obtusely triangular, plates broad
at base, triangularly narrowing to one-third their original width, then ex-
tending as acutely tapering up-turned points. ta

Described from numerous specimens taken at Pueblo, Colo.

Eutettix stricta, n. sp.—Form of insana, but narrower, pale yellow,
with a golden reflection, especially in the males. Length, 2 4mm., ¢
3.5 mm.

Vertex nearly parallel margined, almost twice wider than long, as
wide as the pronotum is long, the surface slightly depressed, bluntly
rounding to the front, face as in ‘sana; elytra rather long, narrowing
behind, veins on clavus not united.

Colour: vertex orange or greenislr yellow, sometimes a pair of spots
behind the apex, face lemon yellow, front with about seven short brown
arcs, the upper pair very oblique; pronotum olive or yellowish ; scutel-
lum orange, a pair of brown spots on the disc; elytra greenish or golden
subhyaline ; below lemon yellow, rostrum orange.

Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of the female two and one-half
times the length of the penultimate, the lateral margins narrowing posteri-
orly, posterior margin truncate, with a broad just noticeable median pro-
jection ; ovipositor rather long, orange ; pygofers narrow, greenish; male
valve very short and broad, about half the length of the ultimate segment,
plates very broad at base, long triangular, with the acute apices produced
and coloured bright orange.

Described from numerous examples collected in Ariz. by Dr. Kunze.

Deltocephalus grammicus, n. sp.—Form of adbidus nearly, but longer
and narrower, Lemon yellow, with six brown stripes on pronotum and
elytra. Length 5.25 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Vertex flat, roundingly right angled, a fifth longer than its basal
width, over half longer on its middle than against the eye, a fifth longer
than the pronotum ; face making an acute angle with the vertex, front
very narrow, resembling a /Vatymetopius ; elytra long, flaring, venation
similar to that of zmpufans, obscured by the colour lines, veins on clavus
cvalescing for one-third their length.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205

Colour : vertex white, washed with yellow, a crescent either side the
point, a dash on the lateral margin and interrupted before the middle,
brownish fuscous ; face pale yellow, a narrow black line just under the
margin of the vertex ; pronotum yellow, with six dark brown stripes, the
inner and broader pair arising behind the middle of the vertex, continuing
across the scutellum ; elytra yellow, with five light brown stripes on each
side, interrupted by the light nervures, the reflexed veinlets broadly white,
lined anteriorly with fuscous ; below pale yellow.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female half longer than
the penultimate, the posterior margin angularly excavated one-third its
depth, margins of the excavation near the centre slightly toothed and
marked with black.

Described from three females ; two taken from the Platte valley at
Sneyder and Julesburg, Colo., and one from Kimball, Neb. This is a
very distinct species, and though unquestionably a member of the reflex-
veined Deltocephalids, still in face characters it recalls a Platymetopius,
and in colour and ornamentation it might easily be confused with Afrhy-
sanus colon or texanus.

A NEW SPECIES OF KERMES.
BY E. E. BOGUE, M. S., STILLWATER, OKLAHOMA.

Kermes trinotatus, n. sp.—Female scale variable in size, averaging
about 514 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, and 4% mm. high; rounded above,
somewhat flattened behind, convex beneath, front turned down into
a more or less beak-like prominence ; median groove obscure or broad
and shallow ; colour varies from bright argillaceous to dull gray ; surface
uniform, more or less conspicuously speckled with black ; segmentation
obscurely or plainly marked with dark spots. When the median groove
jS present it is crossed with more or less dark lines showing segmentation.
There is a rounded dark spot on each side of the front, and an elongated
dark blotch extending for a short distance above and below the anal
opening: hence the specific appellation.

Larve 416 » long by half as broad; caudal sete 160 p long;
antenne roo » long, 6 jointed, formula (1, 2) (3, 4) (5) (6), 6 longest, 3 and
4 shortest, a few hairs towards tip; marginal spines conspicuous around
the head, a prominent one each side of each caudal seta; claws of feet
simple, slightly curved inward, accompanied by a few hairs. Abundant

206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in certain localities near Stillwater, Oklahoma, on Quercus nigra, and
occurs in other regions on various species of Quercus. The species
is very variable in colour, size and markings, and it is possible that
more than one species is included in the description. Further study
of larval characters would be necessary to separate them. It seems to be
ferquent across the continent. I have it from Dr. J. A. Lintner, Albany,
N. Y.; Dr. John B. Smith, New Brunswick, N. J.; Mr. W. M. Scott,
Atlanta, Ga., and a large number of specimens from Stillwater, Okla.
Dr. L. O. Howard wrote me from Washington, D. C., under date
of Jan. 5, 1899, that the same species bears their (U. S. Nat. Mus.)
numbers 722, 2404, 3706 and 7387, and bears a mahuscript name. No.
1997 in collection Okla. Expt. Sta.

The species is one or more of the forms that have passed under the
name of Kermes galliformis, Riley. Mr. Theo. Pergande kindly compared
specimens with type specimens of Kermes galliformis, Riley, and has
decided them to be very distinct. Dr. Riley’s description is not available
to most entomologists of to-day, so Ishould like to record here what
he says of it: ‘ Kermes, galliformis, n. sp. A new species of oak-coccid
mistaken for a gall. An esteemed correspondent from Ohio (Dr. John
Waider) sends us what he supposed to be some kind of a gall which
he found at Iron Mountain, Mo., on twigs of Quercus -palustris.
They are pretty, large, globular, or almost globular, objects fastened
to the twigs either singly or in clusters as we are accustomed to see
certain Cynipid galls. Their shining yellow surface is handsomely
variegated with light brown patches. The particular species sent by our
correspondent is undescribed, and may be characterized as follows:
Mature female scale, average length 5 mm. Subspherical, usually some-
what broader than long, and often with a broad shallow constriction
medio-dorsally. Attached by a broad, dark brown cut or excavation
which is covered by a beak anteriorly and notched anally, the brown
colour extending to a point above the notch, Polished and smooth,
Ground colour pale yellowish, appearing under lens minutely and evenly
specked with brown, more or less suffused or mottled with gray or
brown, the constriction when present generally dark. A series of about
seven irregular rows of black punctations running across the scale,
often connected by an irregular black line, and this again relieved
by white or pale yellow. The uppermost row distinct and constant.”

The form found at Stillwater, O. T., is considered typical of
K. trinotatus,

~J

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20

NOTES ON IDIOCERUS (JASSID®).

BY C. F. BAKER, ST. LOUIS, MO.

There has just come into my hands (April, rgo0) the paper on this
genus by Osborn and Bail in the Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., Dec., 1898.
As some of my conclusions regarding the species of this genus do not
coincide with those of the above authors, it may be of interest to present
another view.

Verticis, ramentosus and strio/a are in the same condition Dedtoceph-
alus Melshetmeri used to be in: different authors might readily find
many different forms that possibly fit the descriptions. Perhaps the
types ramentosus and strio/a are in existence. I think more harm than
good will come of attempts to identify these three forms without further
data than the mere descriptions.

Prof. Osborn does not say that he has ever examined the type of
Duzei. From his description it is apparent that he has not. VanDuzee
described the species in MS., and returned the specimen to Provancher,
telling him it was new. Provancher promptly published it. This
description by VanDuzee has been in my hands for some time. He
should have published it. I quote it herewith: ‘‘ Form and size of
lachrymadis nearly, the elytra shorter and the sides of the pronotum more
rounded off than in that species. Colour brownish fulvous above, pale
and more yellowish beneath. ‘Tergum, the narrow edge and hind margin
excepted, black ; tibize and tarsi tinged with fulvous. Elytra hyaline,
faintly tinged with smoky; nervures concolorous, obscure, the costal
yellowish. Wings faintly smoky-hyaline, iridescent, nervures brown.
Transverse impressed line of the scutellum black, angled. Form of the
facial pieces very similar to those of /achryma/is. Last ventral segment
of female feebly trilobate, the median lobe the largest,-lateral angles
retreating. Pygofers large and stout, much exceeded by the brownish
oviduct. Eyes black. Length 6.5 mm.” To this description Mr. Van-
Duzee appended the following note: ‘The above description was taken
from the very example M. Provancher founded his species on. I
returned the specimen to him, marked n. sp., and he described it.”

To be more exact concerning the oviduct, it is exserted about a
third the length of the pygofers. Ifa careful comparison of this descrip-
tion with the description and figures of perplexus be made, it will be
seen at once that they cannot possibly refer to the same insect. Prof,

208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Osborn had not seen the type of Duzez nor that of perplexus. He knew
I had the type of perplexus, and I have offered to loan him anything I
had. I have specimens of Duzei from Colo., however, that are quite
typical as to length of oviduct, brown veins in wings and coloration. I
did not refer perplexus to a varietal form of pad/idus without carefully
sifting all the evidence, but that it should be Dzze/ is an impossibility,
The Duzei of Osborn becomes a synonym of perplexus, probably. —

The types of dstinctus and mimicus are in my collection, where they
have been since the day names were put on them. So Prof. Osborn’s
remarks on this point are not exact. My collection is now in the
National Museum, where anyone may study these types at their leisure.

Since productus was described, I have collected many pertfectly-
formed, healthy specimens of it, both male and female, and I can only say
that they are absolutely uniform in the “remarkable characters” indicated
in the original description, and that these characters are most positively
not “due to the vertex having been pushed forward and crushed along a
middle line. If I remember correctly, the type is not a “ crushed speci-
men.” Prof. Osborn has not seen the type, though he could easily have
done so. I fail to see how crushing could produce the peculiar inflation
found in the head of this species.

A NEW SESIA FROM ALASKA.

BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, NEW YORK.

Male.—Head, palpi and thorax entirely black. Abdomen’ black
with a very narrow white ring at the posterior edge of the second and
fourth segments Anal tuft black. Legs black, with the hind tarsi dirty
white. Fore wings transparent, with black borders and a broad black
transverse mark. Hind wings transparent, with a narrow black margin.
Under side of fore wings washed with golden yellow, basally. Hind
wings same as above. Expanse, 20 mm.

Habitat.—Kodiak, Alaska, July 20th, 18qg9.

Type.—One male, No. 5175, Coll. U.S. Nat. Mus ; collected by
Mr. Trevor Kincaid; somewhat allied to Seséa ruti/ans, but has white
bands on the abdomen instead of yellow ones as in that species. The
palpi are wholly black, while in +wtiZens they are golden yellow and
black, The female is not known,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209

TYPES OF NOCTUID GENERA.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.

I refer the student to papers of mine on this subject in Zhe Ento-
mologist’s Record, Vol. VI.. pp. 27 and 77. The principal types given
by me for genera found in North America are as follows :

Agrotis, Hubn., 1806, type: A. segetum.

Graphiphora, Hibn., 1806, type: G. gothica.

Gortyna, Ochs., 1816, type: G. micacea.

Ochria, Hibn., 1816, type: O. flavago (ochracea).

Hylena, Hiibn., 1806, type: X. lithoxylea.

Lithophane, Hiibn., 1816, type: L. socia (petrificata).

Hadena, Schrank, 1802, type: H. cucubali.

Flelioscota, Grote. 1895, type: H. miselioides.

Acontia, Ochs., 1816, type: A. malve.

Lustrotia, Hiibn., 1816, type: E. unca.

Copimamestra, Grote, 1883, type: C. brassice.

Oligia, Hubn., 1816, type: O. strigilis.

I now give the literary evidence for the types of :

Luperina, Boisd., 1829, type: L. testacea.

Ledereria, Grote, 1874, type: L. virens.

Apamea, Ochs., 1816, type: A. didyma.

Hydrecia, Guen., 1841, type: H. nictitans, Linn., sp.

Ledereria.

1874. Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., 54. The name is proposed
generally for Zuferina, Led., nec Boisd. The type vérens is after-
wards given in Extomologist’s Record, VILII., 183 (1896).

Hlydrecia.

1841. Guenée, Noct. Eur. Index Meth., Ann. Soc. Ent,, Fr., Tom. X,
237: cuprea, leucostigma, micacea, wctitans. No description ;
no type given.

These are the original species of ydracia; cuprea (cuprea)
is an Agrotis ; leucostigma was taken afterwards in 1857 by Lederer
as type of He/otropha; micacea became in 1816 type of Gortyna,
Ochs.; nictitans appears to be hardly generically separable from
micacea. Leucostigna would be therefore type of Hydracia, and
FHelotropha falls; the only alternative is to make wictitans type, and
elevate this into a genus, which course I adopted in 1874.

210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1852. Guenée, Species Général, V., 125: nictitans, luceus, lorea, cuprea,
vindelicia, micacea, immanis, stramentosa.

Guenée here adds American species, of which ene has hairy
eyes (orea),; so, following H.-S., I referred it in 1874 to MWamestra.
Leucostigma is placed back in Apamea (\. c. 210); the mixture
which is /7ydrecia has lost'a Helotropha and gained a Mamestra, .
and the scientific value of the term, which was originally =O, is
unchanged. JZ/cacea is made type, but this species is preoccupied,
through Hubner in the, Verzeichniss, for Gortyna.

1874. Grote, List of the Noctuide of North America, Bull. Buf. Soc.
Nat. Sci., April, 1874, 18: nictitans_ (Linn.); sera, inquesita,
fsalicarum (then unknown to me). Type indicated as zictitans,
and genus correctly dated 1841. The question of whether this
genus is valid must depend upon the classificator. It stands or
falls with its type. As designated by Guenée in 1852, it would
have the same type with Gorvtyza, and, of course, it would fall. To
save it by the sacrifice of e/otropha, Led., does not seem to me
advisable, and, after my action in 1874, perhaps inadmissible.

Apamea.

1816. Ochs., Schm. Eur., IV., 75: nictitans (oculea), fibrosa (lecostig-
ma), argillacea, unanimis, didyma, ophiogramma, bicoloraria, capti-
uncula, suffruncula, latruncula, strigilis, connexa, testacea, basilinea,
infesta, cespitis, graminis, leucographa, bella, umbrosa, cuprea.
This mixture, for which no description or type is given, belongs to
six or seven Ledererian genera.

1829. Boisd., Eur. Lep. Index Method., 76: nictitans (Linn.), occlusa,
leucostigma (fibrosa), didyma (v. nictitans, Esp.), v. ophiogramma,
furuncula, captiuncula, suffruncula, latruncula, strigilis, connexa,
? leucographa.

1840. Boisd., Gen. et Index Meth., 116: strigilis, v. suffruncula, furun-
cula, captiuncula, Duponchelii, v. microglossa, erratricula, signalis.

This further restriction would ’make the genus = O/igia, Hubn.,
type -stvigi/ts, but this interferes.

1837. Guen., Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., I. Ser., Tom. 6, 333 : nictitans (Linn.);
latruncula, captiuncula, furuncula, suffruncula, ophiogramma, didy-
ma, unanimis. gemina, infesta, testacea, Dumerilil,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ott

184t. Guen., Noct. Eur. Index Meth. Ann. Soc. Ent., Fr., I. Ser., Tom.
10: ophiogramma, didyma, unanimis, gemina. Except the first,
which goes to O/igia, Lederer’s section C, this restriction gives us
species belonging to Lederer’s section B of Hadena, Led., nec
Schrank. Hubn. does not use Afamea. Further citations have no
bearing on the subject of the type, which may be accordingly taken
as didyma.
The species heretofore classed under Hadena, Led., fall to
Xylena (=Xylophasia), Helioscota, Apamea and Oligia. The
European type //arus ochroleuca is not recognized as American.

Luperina.

1829. Boisd., Europ. Lep. Index Meth., 77: Dumerilii, argillacea, ¢estacea,
contribulis, cespitis. One of the above must be type. The use of
this term for zvérens, etc., by Lederer is therefore erroneous. For
Luperina, Led., nec Boisd., type vérens, the term Ledereria, Grote,
1874, should be used. Zestacea may be taken as type, taking with
it Dumerilii. Argillacea is a var. of Hadena (Dianthecia) luteago.
Cespitis is apparently type of Zholera; contribulis is apocryphal.
This generic term, as previously suspected by me, must be used
instead of Apamea, Led., nec Ochs. The subsequent enlargements
of Luperina by Bcisduval (1840) and Guenée (1841) have no bear-
ing on the question of type. In literature of the North American
Noctuid Fauna this name has been seemingly wrongly applied.
The existence in our North American fauna of species congeneric
with Luperina testacea or Ledereria virens has not been made out
as yet satisfactorily. In all cases, to insure the “scientific” applica-
tion of the generic name, the type species as here given must be
studied and compared with American material. It is: very necessary
at the moment that this should be done before the issue of a new
Catalogue. For this reason I publish the literary evidence so that
it may be looked into and, if possible, contradicted or corrected. I
had brought the classification of the North American Noctuids into
general harmony with Lederer’s, so far as structure was concerned.

-. I could not always adopt his generic names, because he had made
no literary study of the subject, had taken at times the first name
which came to hand in fact, and had repudiated the authority of the
Verzeichniss, now acknowledged by almost all writers in England

bo
—
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and America. I believe, with this paper, to have discussed the
principal points where Lederer cannot be followed. I may say, in
conclusion, that my former use of Parastichtis, Hubn., Verz., type
suspecta, is warranted, since the other species follow didyma to
Apamea, Ochs., 1816, nec Lederer.

SOME SPECIES OF DIPTERA INHABITING OR FREQUENT-

ING THE WHEAT FIELDS OF THE MIDDLE WEST.

BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

The swarms of small Diptera that are to be found in the fields of fall
wheat in Ohio, Indiana and I]linois, during late autumn and in early spring,
seldom fail to attract the attention of the entomologist who has occasion
to visit these fields at the above mentioned seasons. That some species
are attracted to these fields as mere visitants is indicated by the
accompanying list, but that many others breed there, either upon the living
or the dead portions of the wheat plants, is as clearly apparent.

It has been my custom each year fo sow a small patch of wheat as
early as possible, in order to attract the various inhabitants among insects,
in order to study them. In August, 1897, a small plat of wheat was sown
at the Experiment Station at Wooster, Ohio, and late in the fall, under
my direction, a large number of these plants were transferred to a-breeding
cage in the insectary,and the results of this breeding were carefully watched
by my former assistant, Mr. C. W. Mally. During -the following April
the various experiment plats of wheat were swept with an insect net and
the results properly preserved.

From the wheat plants enclosed in a breeding cage, in the insectary,
there emerged, during December, the foliowing species of flies :

Cecidomyia destructor, Say. Oscinis dorsata, Loew.
Cecidomyia, sp.? Oscinis coxendix, Fitch.
Diplosts, sp.? Oscinis umbrosa, Loew.
Sciaria, sps.? (2) Oscinis carbonaria, Loew.
Phorbta ruficeps, Zett. Oscinis trigramma, Loew.
Phorbia cinerella, Fallen. ' Ceratomyza dorsalis, Loew.

Meromyza Americana, Fitch.

From the same lot of wheat plants there appeared during the follow-
ing April:

Diplosis, sp.? Oscinis carbonaria, Loew.

Chironomus, sp.? _-Bibio pallipes, Say.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213

Sweeping the wheat plats during April gave us the following species,
some of them being, clearly, mere visitants :

Sciara, sps.? (2) Drosophila funebris, Fabr.
Rhamphomyia, sp.? Tetanocera pictipes, Loew.
Bibio albipennts, Say. Sepedon armipes, Loew.
Chironomus, sp? Scatophaga furcata, Say.
Phora pachyneuron, Loew. Scatophaga stercoraria, Linn.
Phora spinipes, Coq. fHyelomyia, sps.? (3)

Phora, sp.? Anthomyta, sp.?

Phorbia ruficeps, Zett. Schoenomyza dorsalis, Loew.
Phorbia cinerella, Fallen. Cenosta verna, Fabr.
Phorbia, sps.? (3) Cynomyia cadaverina, Desv.
Borborus equinus, Fallen. Myospila meditabunda, Fabr.
Limosina crassimana, Haliday. Pollenia rudis, Fabr.
Diastata nebulosa, Fallen. Lonchoptera punctum, Meig.
Elachiptera longula, Loew. Lonchoptera lutea, Panzer.

Oscinis coxendix, Fitch.

The determinations of the species, included in these lists, were made
for me by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, through the kindness of Dr. Howard.
It has, until recentiy, been almost impossible to get satisfactory deter-
minations of our smaller species of Diptera, and the foregoing lists are
good illustrations of the constantly increasing value, to the workers in
applied entomology, afforded by the Department of Insects at the U. S.
National Museum.

The University of the State of Missouri is to send an Entomological
Expedition into Southern Mexico this summer. It will be in charge of
Prof. J. M. Stedman, head of the Entomological Department, and will
have for its objéct the making of a biological (largely entomological)
survey of the region from Vera Cruz on the Gulf, which is in perpetual
tropics, to the top of the volcano Popocatepetl, which is far above the
perpetual snow line, and down to Acapulco on the Pacific. This will
give all the temperature variations from perpetual tropics to perpetual
snow, and will allow of the study of life zones under conditions not to be
found elsewhere in North America. The collection will become the
property of the University, which is to furnish half the expenses, the
other half to be borne by Prof. Stedman.

214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE. COCCID. OF THE. Ivy.
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.

In Entomological News, Vol. V., 1894, p. 210, Prof. Cockerell cited
all of the Coccids known to infest ivy ( Hedera). Since then other species
have been found, and with his consent I have prepared the following
notes for publication. Leaves of Hedera helix sent to Prof. Cockerell
from Brazil, coll. Dr. F. Noach, May, 1898, proved to be infested by
Chrysomphalus dictyospermt, Morgan. And Mr. A. Hempel, of St.
Paul’s, Brazil, sent C. aonidum, 1. Just recently he wrote me that
C. dictyospermi, var. jamaicensis, Ckll. (minor, Bérlese), was received
by him from Lord Walsingham, infesting ivy at Cannes, France.
Aspidiotus rapax (camellie) was found by E. E. Green on ivy in
Ceylon (Coccidz of Ceylon, p. 44). Dactylopius citri, Risso., was found
at Kew Gardens, England, on a variety of ivy called Hedera amurensis
(Newstead, Ent. Mo., May, 1897, p. 73). The following have been found
by me at Lawrence, Mass.: <Aspidiotus. Crawit, Ckll., on ivy in a
greenhouse, and must have been there for some time, as the vine is an
old one, supposed to be about 20 years old. Lecanium hesperidum, L.,
is frequently found on ivy in greenhouses, but not in sufficient numbers to
cause much alarm. Dactylopius citri, Risso., and Aspidiotus hedere,
Vall., seem to be the most troublesome, sometimes covering the entire
leaves of the vine, and as the leaves are used very extensively in making
up wreaths and other floral designs, their presence in greenhouses causes
very much damage. A list of the species now known to be found on ivy
is appended below:

t. Phenacoceus hedere, Sign., Hab. France.

2. Lecanium maculatum, Sign., Hab. France.

3. Lecanium hesperidum, L., Hab. France and N. America.
4. Asterolecanium hedera, Licht., Hab. France and Italy.

5. Dactylopius citri, Risso., Hab. England and N. America.
6. Aspidiotus rapax (camellia), Hab. Ceylon.

7. Aspidiotus hedere, Vallot, Hab. Algeria and N. America.
8. Aspidiotus Crawii, Ckll., Hab. N. America.

9. Chrysomphalus aonidum, \.., Brazil.

10. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Morg., Brazil.
11. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, var. gamaicensis, Ckll., France.

ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215

All of the above species, except the first two, have been cited by
many authors under various names. The following are some of them:

Lecanium hesperidum, L.—L. /auri, Boisd., perhaps is the same.

Asterolecanium hedere, \.icht., was described as Planchonia hedere,
and again re-described as Planchonia Vadloti ,\.icht., and probably
Asterolecanium massalongianum, Targ., is the same.

Dactylopius citri, Risso., has the following synonyms: destructor,
Comst.; farinosus, Deg.; phyllococcus, Ashm.; brevispinus, Targ.

Aspidiotus rapax, Comst. Synonyms: came/lig, Sign.; citri,
Comst.; evonymy, Targ.; /ucuma@, Ckll. and Town.

Aspidiotus hedere, Va\\.—For a long list of supposed synonyms of
this species see Prof. Cockerell’s first supplement to the Check List of the
Coccide, 23 in all, after Berlese and Leonardi.

Aspidiotus Crawii, Ckll.—I retain this as being a valid species,
although Mr. Marlatt finds it to be A. cydonie, Comst. He may find
something else on the leaf or twig than is indicated by the label, and
should not assume that the writer of the label saw it and confused it with
the species indicated. ‘Two are more species are often found upon the
same Jeaf and twig. Aulacaspis elegans, Leon, found by me on Cycar-
revoluta in a greenhouse at Lawrence, Mass., had mixed with it on
the same leaf Aspidiotus hedere, Vall. Neither can the proportional
number be estimated, by any means, by those found on a slide mount.

Chrysomphalus aonidum, L., as Coccus aonidum, 1.; Chrysomphalus
ficus, Ashm., and Aspidiotus ficus, Ashm.

C. dictyospermit, Morg., as Aspidiotus dictyospermi, Morgan, and
C. dictyospermi, var. jamaicensts, Ckll. (minor, Berlese).

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HA MATOPINUS.
BY HERBERT OSBORN, COLUMBUS, OHIO.
Hematopinus columbianus, X. sp.
Head longer than broad, semicircular in front, wider and more
depressed behind the antenne, rostrum projecting ; antennz located in

front of the middle of the head, the first joint large, deeply set in the border
of the head, second joint the longest, third, fourth and fifth nearly equal, fifth

slightly smaller; a strong bristle is borne on the postero-lateral angle.

The pronotum is short, rather narrow, and the sternal plate is very
broadly ovate, almost circular, but the sides posteriorly tapering slightly

216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and the posterior border obtusely rounded or subtruncate. The
second and third pairs of legs are nearly equal and considerably larger
than the anterior pair, and their tarsal claws are broad and blunt or
obtuse at tip. The abdomen is elongate, segments one to seven with
prominent chitinous processes at margin; long stiff hairs are scattered
rather sparsely over the disk and along the margins. Length of ? 1.20
mm., ~.75-.80 mm. te

This species approaches montanus, Osb., in form, but is narrower
and smaller. It differs also in the form of the sternal plate.

Described from a number of specimens taken from the Columbian
Spermophile, Spermophilus columbianus, at Pullman, Washington, by
Prof. C. V. Piper, in July, 1896. Type material in the U. S. National
Museum.

BOOK. NOTICE.

SysTeEMA LEPIDOPTERORUM HILpEsL® (Second Part).—Phylogeny and
Definition of the Families of the Butterflies. With genealogical tree
and plate of neuration. Mittheilungen aus dem Roemer Museum,
Hildesheim, April, r900. By A. Radcliffe Grote, A. M.

The author divides the diurnals into two series or superfamilies,
Papilionides and Hesperiades, and twelve families, giving diagnoses of the
divisions. The classification is phyletic, and takes into consideration the
facts of the scanty record from fossil material. As a result of these studies
six larger associations of butterfly forms of general distribution are recog-
nized, and as many smaller groups, inhabiting a restricted territory, and
giving evidence in most cases or being survivals of once more extensive
complexes. The nomenclature has been reviewed, and the author hopes
the work may conduce to conformity in the treatment of the butterflies in
literature.

Dr. A. Fenves, of Pasadena, Cal., started on a collecting trip to the
Atlantic Coast on the 1st of June, and will return to Pasadena in October.

Dr. W. HoLianp is to resign his position as Chancellor of the
Western University in Pittsburg, the Dzsfatch of that city hears, to
become Director of the Carnegie Museum.

-Mailed June 30th, 1900,

At Aa

é

BS

sass Hae
ame |

(See page 225.)

The anacliay Entomologist

Poi. XXXIL LONDON, i UGUST, Igoo. No. 8
CONTEN TS.
Smith—New Noctuids from B. N. America . 217 Barrett—Notes on the Cambridge Natural
JL STAT .oet QBN ee Ree an 225 | Bei ve [ke ie Ss oa Papert 234
: A ‘ ‘ernald —North American species of Choreutis 236
Northwest (Canada) Entom. Society........ 225 Johnson—New N. American Ortalida....... 246
Bird—New Histories in Hydroecia.......... 226 Hine—Two new species of Tabanidw........ 247

NEW NOCTUIDS FROM BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, WITH
NOTES ON SOME OTHERS.

BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J.

Of late years a few collectors have been sending material from
various points in Western Canada, Manitoba and British Columbia.
Mr. Dod at Calgary, Mr. Hanham at Winnipeg, and Mr. Heath at
Cartwright, have collected many interesting species. Dr. Fletcher has
sent me examples from other collectors in the same general region, so
that we have now some little basis for a judgment as to the general
character of the Noctuid fauna.

Within a comparatively small area, species from the Atlantic and
from the Pacific Coast regions occur. ‘The body of the species are of the
Rocky Mountain series, but there is a strong admixture of forms occurring
in Maine, in Northern New England, and even in Labrador. Extending
westward, toward and into Vancouver, comes a decided Pacilic Coast or
Californian type, with an addition, the extent of which is yet uncertain, of
characteristic forms. Quite a number of species which at first sight seem
like well-known eastern forms, prove, on closer study of large series, to
be distinct, and most of the new species that have of late reached me
have been from this region or from the adjacent States of Washington and
Oregon.

All the species here described are taken in British America, and,
with one exception, have not thus far been taken in the United States.

Jn the accompanying plate are photo-engraved reproductions of the

218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

new species and of a few others taken in the same general district, but
elsewhere described.

Anyvtus obscurus, n. sp.

Deep, bluish gray, washed with smoky so as to obscure all the
markings. So far as the latter are visible, they agree with pvivatus, save
that the lines are much more even throughout. There are no contrasts
anywhere, and the connecting streak between the median lines is not
traceable in the specimen before me. The ordinary spots are barely
defined. Secondaries a little smoky throughout, not unlike some female
privatus. Beneath, dull, smoky. The thoracic tuftings are less obvious
than in the other species, and the insect as a whole seems less robust.

Expands 36 mm. =1.44 inches.

Habitat: Edge Calgary, VIII, 21 (Dod). °

A single male, in fair condition. This is undoubtedly distinct from
privatus, all the maculation being lest in the very deep ground, though
retaining the characteristics of the eastern form so far as they are traceable.
The male genitalia are obviously distinct from the others of the genus,
though remaining of the same type.

Anytus profundus, 0. sp.

In all essential points of ornamentation like Avvatus ; but very much
darker, blue-gray and black. Head and thorax blackish with a seal-brown
tinge, the black line on the collar scarcely contrasting. The primaries
have the median space blackish filled above the narrow black streak
connecting the median lines, and the ordinary spots are thereby obscured
and made indefinite. ‘The t. p. line is distinctly more even, the points
on the veins being much less prominent, and the inward tooth in the sub-
median interspace being much less marked. Terminal space almost
uniformly dark smoky brown. Secondaries with clearer white and black
contrasts than in the eastern species, and this difference holds also on the
under side.

Expands 37-40 mm. =1,48-1.60 inches.

Ffabitat : Brandon, Manitoba (Hanham).

It may be perhaps a question whether this is really a good species or
a geographical race of priva/us. They are nearly related, no doubt; but
I am inclined to consider them distinct: not only because of the colour

——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219

and ornamental differences, evident though they are, but because the
male genitalia show a slight, though constant, difference in form, and a
very decided one in size, the eastern form having the harpes much larger
and stouter.

Two males are at present before me, and Mr. Hanham has other
specimens similar in appearance.

Mamestra negussa, 0. sp.

Ground colour mouse-gray, varying a little in the amount of reddish
shading. Head usually a little paler ; but else no maculation. Primaries
with the usual maculation all present; but nothing at all relieved or
contrasting. Basal line geminate, included space a little paler, extends
to the internal vein, inwardly toothed on the cell. T. a. line geminate,
included space a little paler, inner portion often lost, outer brown or
blackish, as & whole with a rather even outcurve, a very little toothed on
the veins, tending to become distant from base so as to narrow the
median space. S. t. line geminate in the costal region, else mainly
defined by the slight contrast between median and s. t. spaces ; when
there is no such contrast the line is practically lost or marked by venular
dots only. In course it is sinuate, incurved below the cell. S. t. line
pale, a little irregular, in light specimens mainly defined by the darker
terminal space. A series of very small, black, terminal Junules, which
may be wanting. Fringes narrowly cut with pale and with a pale line at
base in light specimens. Median shade obscure, outwardly oblique from
costa between the ordinary spots, darkening the reniform inferiorly, then
close to t. p. line, somewhat deepening the shade of the outer portion
of median space. Claviform small, barely traceable or altogether wanting,
a trifle paler in dark examples. Orbicular oval, oblique, of good
size, varying a little in form, pale ringed and usually altogether a little
paler. Reniform moderate, kidney-shaped, tending to enlarge a little
inferiorly and there dark filled; narrowly pale ringed. Secondaries
smoky, basally a little paler, with a dark discal lunule, a_ blackish
terminal line and pale fringes. Beneath gray, powdery, with a smoky
or blackish shade line hardly beyond the middle, and a discal spot on all
wings.

Expands 37-40 mm. = 1.48—1.60 inches.

Habitat: Calgary, Canada, mouth of Fish Creek, on Sallows, May 1,
4 and 14 (Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod).

220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Two males and two females. Mr. Dod was good enough to send me
these specimens because they seemed to him—justly enough, as it proved—
different from gussata, which flies with it. The chief superficial difference
is that the new species lacks all the black marks of the older form. There
is. no basal black streak, no black margined claviform and no black line
to the t. p. line. The antennz of the male are brush-like—/. ¢., the joints
are a little produced laterally and furnished with tufts of bristly hair.

Hadena cerivana, n. sp.

Head, thorax and abdomen a very pale dull gray, more or less tinged
with red, especially in the female. Patagis with a blackish shade at base of
primaries, else head and thorax immaculate. Primaries with all the
normal maculation fairly well written, but not contrasting ; much better
marked in the female. There is a distinct, irregularly thickened black
basal streak, extending about half way to the t. a. line, and this is the
most contrasting bit of maculation in the wing. Basal half line geminate
on costa, outer portion lost, inner brown or blackish, a little irregular. T.
a. line geminate, outer portion blackish, inner tending to become lost, as
a whole rather evenly outcurved, only a little drawn in on the veins.
T. p. line geminate, outer portion even, smoky, tending to become lost
in the outcurve over cell, inner portion blackish, tending to become
lunulate, drawn in below cell, close to or actually touching inferior angle
of the reniform. S. t. line irregular, concolorous, marked on costa by a
darker preceding patch which fills the s. t. space, thence by a narrow,
broken, brownish preceding shade, the terminal space sometimes darker
in whole or in part. A series of black, distinct, terminal interspaceal
lunules. Median shade line smoky, oblique between the ordinary spots,
thence close to and parallel with the t. p. line, never prominent, usually
obvious, rarely almost obsolete. Claviform very short, blackish or brown
edged, tending to become obsolete. Orbicular large, a little paler,
narrowly edged with black scales, tending to become incomplete above.
Reniform rather large, kidney-shaped, tending to become a little con-
stricted in the centre, partly black edged, incompletely pale annulate,
inferiorly dusky filled. Secondaries smoky, in the female with a somewhat
paler, more reddish tinge. Beneath powdery, disc of primaries a little
darker, all wings with more or less obvicus darker extra median lines
and obvious discal spots.

Expands 34-38 mm. -=1.36-1.52 inches.

—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 221

Habitat: Calgary, Canada, in June (F. H. Wolley Dod).

Four males and four females, the latter on the whole a little more
reddish shaded. There is little difference between the specimens, and
altogether they differ from /itima, with which I was at first inclined
to consider them identical, by the much paler ground and much less
contrasting maculation. There is a mere shade of red and the median
space is hardly darker. Antenne a little marked in the male with small
tufts of short lateral bristles.

Nephelodes pectinatus, n. sp.

Ground colour luteous, with tendency to either a greenish or a
decidedly red tint. Head and thorax immaculate. Primaries without
defined markings, the median space deeper in colour, all beyond it more
smooth, not powdery like the basal space. ‘. a. line single, oblique,
a little outcurved, hardly darker than ground. T. p. line single, a little
better defined, outcurved over cell, evenly oblique below. S. t. line
marked by a narrow, broken, obscure darker preceding shade. Orbicular
an undefined, somewhat paler, round blotch. Reniform a little better
marked, paler, not outlined, defined only below and _ outwardly.
Secondaries smoky or blackish, the fringes of the palest ground colour
of primaries. Beneath reddish powdered, primaries with disc smoky,
secondaries with a discal lunule.

Expands 38-42 mm. =1.52-1.68 inches,
Habitat: British Columbia ; Corfield, Vancouver.

Two males (the collectors not indicated on the labels). The
species resembles the common eastern form, and so I have named it for
more than one of my Northwestern friends, I believe ; but more careful
study shows a difference in the character of the male antenne. In
minians the pectinations are rather short and lengthened by a curved
bristle at the tip. In fectimatus this bristle is absent, but the branches
themselves are longer and a little enlarged toward the tip. The differ-
ences are thus obvious and emphasize the rather scant superficial
characters. The specimen from British Columbia has a peculiar
greenish tinge to the ground which I have not seen in the eastern
species. That from Vancouver is washed with red-brown. It is prob-
able, therefore, that quite a range of colour difference will be found, as in
the case of the eastern form.

bo
bo
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Cosmia punctirena, n. sp.

Ground colour rather bright luteous, with blackish or reddish
powderings, so that in some cases a specimen will be almost all smoky,
and in another it will seem, and actually be, red. Head and thorax
without markings. Primaries powdery, the median lines darker, single,
obvious in all cases and distinct in most. Basal line single, a little
diffuse, not prominent. T. a. line single, oblique from the costa, forming
an obtuse, more or less rounded angle in the submedian interspace. T.
p. line single, forming rather an even and not very great outcurve from
costa to inner margin. Median shade obvious, sometimes prominent,
usually a little diffuse ; extends obliquely from middle of costa to inferior
margin of the reniform, forms there a rectangie and then runs parallel
with the t. p. line. S. t. line of the ground colour, more or less relieved
by the powderings on each side, and by a’ preceding shade on the costa.
Terminal space usually a little dusky. A series of more or less obvious
interspaceal, terminal lunules. Orbicular round or nearly so, of good size,
concolorous, ringed with darker scales, sometimes barely traceable.
Reniform of good size, kidney-shaped, more or less obviously outlined by
a darker line, concolorous except for a dusky spot inferiorly, which is
always present, even when nothing else of the spot is traceable.
Secondaries yellowish, silky, sometimes with a reddish flush, with a
narrow, scarcely defined, median line. Beneath yellowish, more or
less powdery, all wings with an outer line and a discal spot.

Expands 37-44 mm. = 1.48-1.76 inches.

Habitat: Glenwood Springs, Colorado, September (Dr. Barnes) ;
Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, August (Dr. Barnes) ; Cartwright, Manitoba
(Mr. Heath).

Four males and one female, all in fair condition, and no two alike.
Taken as a whole, this is a somewhat smaller form than found in the east,
and not nearly so bright nor so sharply marked. Yet its markings are
practically identical, save that the new form has, in all the examples
before me, a blackish spot in the reniform, inferiorly, which is not present in
any examples of paleacea (=discolor, Wlk., =infumata, Grt.) now
before me. In one specimen the median space is darkened between the
median and t. p. lines, making an obvious, broad band.

A male specimen from Santa Barbara Co., California (Coquillett),

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223

may belong here; but is much undersized, as if a little crippled, and the
antenne seem a little more bristled.

Xanthia pulchella, n. sp.

Head and thorax a rich yellowish brown, the patagize tending toa
deeper, somewhat purplish tinge. Beneath, the body parts are brighter,
more rusty brown. Primaries have a beautiful, velvety texture, the
colour varying from purplish to yellow brown, Basal and s. t. spaces as
a whole purplish, the latter more intense. S. t. space contrastingly
yellowish brown, the median space reddish luteous, with an clivaceous
shading which tends to a gray on the costa. The ordinary lines are
distinct and are accompanied by rich, deep brown shades, the t. p. line
forming a broad band. The inferior margin of the reniform is white,
contrasting, and the whole wing is thus characteristically beautiful. Basal
line whitish, margined each side with a deeper brown shading. T. a. line
outwardly oblique, irregular, pale, outwardly margined by a distinct,
broad, deep brown line, inwardly edged by somewhat darker scales. S.
t. line pale marked on the costa, then lost in a broad band which fills the
outer fourth or more of the median space, darkens the upper portion of
the reniform, forms the usual outcurve over the cell, and is a little incurved
below. S. t. line marked by the contrast between terminal and sub-
terminal spaces, and preceded by a rich deep brown shade, best marked
on the costa, then gradually narrowing and, in one specimen, lost before
the inner margin is reached. Orbicular narrow, irregular, oblique,
outlined in pale, not in any way contrasting. Reniform upright, rather
narrow, the upper portion decidedly broader, filled with rusty red, the
lower portion prominently outlined in white. Secondaries smoky, with a
purplish or yellowish brown tinge, an outer marginal band somewhat
paler, the discal spot obvious, though not prominent. Beneath rusty red,
shaded with scarlet or purplish, powdery, the outer margin of primaries
paler. Secondaries even or a little paler toward base, with an obvious
discal lunule.

Expands 30 mm. =1.20 inches.
ffabitat: Livingston, Vancouver, IX., 14; British Columbia,
One male and two females ; one of the latter defective. This is one

of the prettiest of our Noctuids and utterly different from our eastern
form, It is much closer to some of the European species, and belongs to

224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the exceptional series containing vu/pecula and citrago, in which the
ordinary lines are defined and the maculation is not blotchy. I have
seen two or three other examples, all from the same general region, one
of them in the Strecker collection.

Drasteria conspicua, Nn. sp.

Head, thorax and body smoky black, more or less covered with gray
scales and hair; under side almost whitish. Head usually whitish in
front. Collar gray or yellowish at base and tip. Patagie gray edged.
Abdominal rings narrowly edged with yellowish. Primaries smoky,
overlaid by bluish-white or gray scales, variable in depth, the markings
smoky brown or blackish, contrasting. Basal half line marked on costa
only. T. a. line outwardly oblique, inner margin nearly even, edged by
paler, more yellowish scales. From the costa to the median vein the line
forms a narrow band ; below that point it broadens out into a blackish
fascia, somewhat extended outwardly on the median vein and along the
inner margin, so that the outer edge of the fascia is deeply indented. T.
p. line forms a broad fascia, a little angulated on vein six, extending only
to the middle of the submarginal interspace, pale edged at both margins.
S. t. line of the ground colour or paler, preceded by a blackish shading,
which may be partly obsolete ; but is always marked on the costa, where
a conspicuous, smoky patch, emphasized by two large black spots,
practically fills the s. t. space. Usually the shading is also marked on
the inner margin, extending a variable distance toward the costa and
sometimes reaching it. There is a series of black, terminal lunules.
Orbicular a small black spot in undefined paler shading. Reniform
smoky, obscure, not outlined, chiefly marked by the median shade which
ends there. Secondaries pale straw yellow to reddish luteous ; shaded
with black basally ana with a black discal lunule. There is a black
median band, a black s. t. band and a black terminal band which
includes the white-tipped fringes. All the bands are narrow, resembling
some forms of Syzeda. Beneath whitish to straw-yellow, all wings with a
black discal spot, a defined black median band, a smoky or black s. t.
band which is diffuse inwardly, and a narrow black terminal band.

Expands 27-31 mm. = 1.08-1.24 inches.

Habitat: Calgary, Canada, May and June.

Seven examples, four males and three females, all in good condition,
from Mr. F, H, Wolley. Dod, who sent it as separate from @stinctg,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225

which also occurs there. The species is so well marked that it cannot
be mistaken, and the range of variation is not great. The maculation of
primaries is a reduced copy of erechtea, much more distinct, but, in the
banded secondaries, generic habit is abandoned and the form is unique.
The antenne of the male have the joints marked, laterally furnished with
tuftings of cili. There is no difference in markings between the sexes.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5.

1.—Xanthia pulchella, n. sp. Vancouver, British Columbia.

2.—Mamestra negussa, n. sp. Calgary, Canada.

3.—Xylomiges pallidior, Smith. New Westminster, B. C.

4.—Anytus profundus, n. sp. Brandon, Manitoba.

5.—Nephelodes pectinatus, n. sp. British Columbia ; Corfield; Van-
couver.

6.—Cosmia punctirena, n. sp. Cartwright, Manitoba; Yellowstone
Park, Wyo.; Glenwood Spgs., Colo.

7.—Carneades Laggan, Smith. Laggan, B. C.

8.—Noctua inopinatus, Smith. Brandon, Manitoba.

g.—Carneades holoberba, Smith. Calgary, Canada.

10.—Hadena cerivana, n. sp. Calgary, Can.

11.-—Drasteria distincta, Neum. 4. Calgary, Can.

12.—Drasteria distincta, Neum. @.

13.—Drasteria conspicua, n. sp. g. Calgary, Can.

14.—Drasteria conspicua, n. sp. ¢.

All the photographs were made from actual type specimens, except
ri and 12.

Erratum. —In Mr. Grote’s article on “Types of Noctuid Genera,”
page 210, after line 18, insert :

Virtually, through Guenée’s action in 1852, nictitans became the type
of Hydreecia. Therefore there can be no question of suppressing
Helotropha. ‘The validity of the genus Hydrcecia depends upon that of
nictitans, as affording a distinct generic type. The “scientific con-
figuration,” as introduced and left by Guencée of Hydrcecia, is most
unsatisfactory. In any throwing together of the species the whole genus
should be called Gortyna, Ochs., 1816, type G. micacea, as held by me
from the first until the last.

NorruHwest (CANADA) ENTOMOLOGICAL SociETy.—It is gratifying
to learn that a grant of $25 per annum has been made to the Society by
the Territorial Government ‘‘in view of the valuable services rendered to
the public in directing the attention of farmers in rural communities to
the economic phase of entomology.” ‘This official recognition will be a
great encouragement to the members of the Society.

bo
bo
(or)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW HISTORIES IN HYDRCCIA.
BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y.

The summer of 1899 was a remarkable one at Rye in the abundance
of Hydreecia larve, as four species, never before noted in their larval
state, and which do not seem to have their early histories described, were
observed. Old acquaintances were to be found on every side, and some
hitherto very uncommon ones were so abundant that a word in the matter
of cause and effect may not be amiss. The seasonal conditions are, of
course, contributive to such good results ; still, the numbers in evidence
every year suggest our looking a little further. Briefly, the environments
are most propitious for the development of these borers, as that most im-
portant question, food supply, can be relied upon being adequate to all
demands. The proximity to salt water insures a copious dew-fall, so that
vegetation in the months of July and August does not suffer from the
usual drought of this season in any such manner as it does farther inland.
Here in late midsummer the Jarger Composite and other thick-stemmed
plants are in ful) splendour, while fifty miles back from the coast all may
be parched and leafless. So with a vigorous plant-growth assured, our
friends are able to exercise their fondness in clinging to familiar haunts,
and year after year we can be sure of finding a colony in the same par-
ticular location. While noted for their preference to certain places, there
are a number of causes more or less evident which frequently make them
leave the plant of their first selection, and it is under such circumstances
that another stem close at hand is so important to their welfare. Water
draining into their galleries may have something to do with this move ;
still, that cannot apply in all cases, and this trick of seeking pastures new
is very general to all species. With the ordinary leaf-feeding cater-
pillar this might be accredited to mere instinctive vagaries of one sort or
another, but for a larva to forsake a commodious burrow that has taken
the greater part of its existence to make, and which still seems to offer
all the requisites for its well-being, is harder to explain. However, the fact
remains, and no doubt plays an important part in the mortality of a
brood, so an abundance of food plant close at hand is a great factor in
the ultimate results, as without it a certain percentage would surely
starve. Evidences of the effect of this prodigality not only arise from the
numerous forsaken galleries we encounter, but the number of dwarfed and
evidently staryed-out adults found when they make their flight is very

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 20%

perceptible. Much attention has always been given to the fatalities affect-
ing this group, on account of the long series of specimens desired, so that
any causes frustrating this end have been regarded with apprehension,
and have been investigated as far as possible. (See Can. Enr., Vol.
XXX., 126.)

In studying larval conditions, the close relationship existing between
the species makes attention to minor details of structure necessary.
Applying a general description to these larve, we would note their bodies
being very cylindricai and provided with sixteen legs. The head is mod-
erate in size, well rounded, slightly bulging, with clypeus evident; is
usually a shining brown, and marked laterally with a black, somewhat
oblique, line or dash. Mouth-parts are strong and compact. The
thoracic shield is a conspicuous feature, often as wide as the head, and, in
being a hard corneous plate, offers the protection needed here in a boring
insect. The anal plate is also large, and defends this extremity. The
various set arising from the tubercles and borders of the plates are ex-
ceedingly weak, and scarcely discernible except by using a lens. From
being so minute, and not quite assured of their constancy, particular
reference to them does not seem important.

In the matter of coloration, all agree in their earlier stages in having
whitish dorsal, subdorsal and partial substigmatal lines contrastingly
drawn on a dark brown or purplish body colour. These lines become
less distinct at each subsequent moulting, and are lost, or nearly so, at
maturity, when the colour becomes an undecided translucence of a
slightly varying hue, which is affected somewhat by the kind of food plant
eaten. With most species there is an abrupt termination to the lines, ex-
cepting usually the dorsal, on the first four abdomidal segments, and
sometimes on the last thoracic segment also. This gives an appearance
at once noticeable, but only occurs up to the next to final change, when
any contrasting colour effects are generally lost. For illustration see
Can. Ent., Vol. XX1X., pl. 6, where purpurifascia is shown in next to
last stage.

For comparison of tubercle arrangement, these creatures form ideal
subjects. These latter are large, corneous, often shining black, and
always strongly defined. On thoracic joints two and three, I. a, I. b and
Il. a are small; II. b, III. and IV. are very large, the most conspicuous
of any of the lateral ones, and are situated in the form of an equilateral

228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

triangle. On the abdominal segments, tubercles I. and 11. are placed in
the usual oblique setting, with III., III. a, IV. and V. clustered about
the spiracle. The eighth abdominal segment has I. and II. very large
parallel to the dorsal line, and with their opposites form the corners to a
conspicuous square. Preceding the anal plate on last segment is a lesser
plate or tubercle that occasionally becomes merged into the borders of
the former. as

On the seventh abdominal segment, 1 V. is sometimes raised to a little
above the line of the spiracles instead of lower down as is common to
Noctuids generally.

Dr. Dyar has pointed out this feature as occurring in purpurifascia,
and in theorizing on the unusual break, concludes it has been an acquisi-
tion—or, rather, a transposition—to more fully protect the spiracle. (Jour.
N. Y. Soc., VII. 70.) A curious and perhaps significant fact is that this
break occurs in the root-feeders alone, at least so far as observations have
been made. Such larve, burrowing down to the extremities of roots, are
at all times cramped for room, and are rarély able to turn round in their
galleries when desiring to go in a reverse direction.

Can it be that this habit, which necessitates ‘the constant backing of
the larva to the ground orifice for the disposal of frass, and which practi-
cally means as much backward as forward movement, is accountable for
this? With the stem borers there is generally an extended burrow of
ample diameter ; if they wish to go in a reverse direction there is room
for turning, and we may assume a forward motion predominates.
Certainly the excess of backward movement made by the former would
bring an undue amount of friction behind the spiracle on joint seven, and
tubercle IV. has been raised to the point of greatest efficiency, the same
as it is on the other segments. This is merely a random idea, of thin air
consistency perhaps, and is advanced only that attention may be directed
-here more fully.

In dealing further with larval characteristics, it may be noted that

there is a tendency on thoracic segments two and three for the skin to
assume a puckered or roughened aspect, most notabie in immature
stages, especially when the head is retracted. Inflated examples show this
invariably when but little air-pressure has been exerted in drying.

The extensile, glandular process that exudes from the under side of
joint one does not seem to have been mentioned previously. It consists

Ee —— ee

a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229

of a cylindrical sack, slightly bulbous at the extremity, and in length
equals or exceeds the thoracic feet. Just what function it may fulfil is at
present uncertain.

For brevity in treating the following species, the application of these
points on larval structure is implied; the variations from the usual form
will alone be noted.

I have lately had the pleasure of examining the allied European
micacea and Ochria flavago in various stages of their larval existence.
The former is a counterpart of our ¢mmanis, and shows some typical de-
partures from the larve here considered. //avago is very near in general
appearance to cataphracta, and the larval similarity is closer still. That
the clypeal structure of the moth should differ so much seems odd, and
may be due to the borer not displaying sufficient instinct to make an exit
aperture, so that the moth must necessarily develop a clypeal spur to
pierce its way out through the epidermis of the food-plant in some such
manner as do the similarly armed JVonagria. It will bea matter of some
interest when our Gortyna (Ochria) Buffaloensis is again located, and its
history worked out so that comparisons may be made here.

If Hydrecia are so given to acquiring peculiarities due to special
wants or differing environments, it becomes evident the more light we
can throw on their full histories the better we shall be able to ultimately
associate them.

The following early histories do not appear to be published:

Hydrecia marginidens, Gn.

Late in June this species was found boring in Cicuta maculata, the
first specimen noted being high up in the plant, three feet or more above
ground. Its discovery happened through a little of that detective work
oné learns in this branch, and which adds such a charm to the labour that
might otherwise seem rather arduous. For it is with clues and not the
culprits we have first to deal, and as these creatures are concealed at all
times, it is no easy tnatter locating them. A suspiciously broken twig or
withering stem, a knotty swelling, or a ventilating aperture, is usually
the evidence we have to work upon; hence the satisfaction when a well-
directed search, prompted by some slight symptom, discloses an
Alydrecia. Attention was drawn to the Crcuta through a few inches of
the top having fallen down to one side, hanging black and withered. The
larva had worked upward so far that the diameter of the stem was wholly

230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

disproportionate to its appetite, and the thin walls had finally collapsed.
At all times a voracious feeder, it at last finishes its career at the base of
the plant, often boring down and out through the tuberous roots. These
latter are said to be the most poisonous productions of our local flora, yet
marginidens flourish upon them to a surprising degree, becoming at
maturity fat, uncanny “ grubs,” we might almost say, from which it would be
little expected that such beautiful moths should ultimately result, Then,
too, there is the unfortunate, unnecessary habit of leaving the burrow and
pupating in the ground. There is a tinge of regret connected with this
statement, as it recalls the slip given me by the scores of larve that had
been located after a great amount of patient searching. The harvest of
pupz, upon which it was anticipated a finger could be placed at the proper
time, was not to be mine; in its stead, experience of the usual expensive
nature.

A note of August 4 reads: ‘* After examining dozens of plants that
had contained larve, but which had now left for pupation, one chrysalid,
evidenly stung, is found in a burrow, an irregular opening for the moth to
get out having been made. Nearly all seem to have eaten down through
the roots, going out at the lower end and apparently burrowing downward
still, as though impelled by a desire of making some celestial acquaint-
ances. No pup being found in the vicinity of the roots or elsewhere, we
shall have to reserve our revenge for the brood of next year.”

On June 30, larvee were in the second stage from the last. The
colour is a light brown, with a decided pinkish tinge. The first four
abdominal segments are much the darkest by reason of the subdorsal and
substigmatal lines being here discontinued. The dorsal line is very evi-
dent on all segments ; these lines yellowish white ; tubercle arrangement
already very conspicuous and normal ; on all abdominal joints I. exceeds
II. rather more than it does later. Lateral tubercles darker and more
contrasting than the dorsal. Head, shield and plate pale, testaceous ; the
shield as wide as head, and edged with black at the side. Length 1.2
inches. Next to last stage: A marked gain in length is noted, the colour
has faded, head and shield are more shining and conspicuous. Length
1.5 inches ; duration of stage ten to twelve days.

Last stage: All colour contrasts lost, and appearance anything but
prepossessing. The soiled translucent colouring, which darkens percepti-
bly on first four abdominal segments, seems due to the internal fluids.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. AOU

Head is shining russet, showing the black oblique side line; width .12
inch. ‘Thoracic shield rather exceeds the head in width, very noticeable.
Anal plate is not large for this group. Tubercles moderate, and being
dark or blackish, are easily definable. On seventh abdominal joint IV. is
low down as is customary with larve not strictly root-feeders. Full-fed
examples attain a length of 2 inches. Duration of stage, thirteen days,
with the one specimen noted. Although Czcufa is unquestionably the
preferred food plant in this locality, note has been made of an odd
‘specimen found in Rwmex, and it has been found boring Cosmos in Mary-
land.

The pupa is robust for the group; colour a dark shining chestnut.
Viewed dorsally, a slight constriction is seen at the base of the wing-
covers. Between the segments the shell is minutely pitted. The usual
delineations of head, legs, etc., are ordinary. Length one inch; duration
of period about twenty days.

Hydrecia cerussata, Grt.

For a number of years past the knowledge of early history and food
plant of this species had been a coveted bit of information. Like the
good things that are said to come to those who patiently wait, this finally
came our way, and quite extended observations were made of the last two
larval stages as well as the subsequent transformations.

The species had been taken at light years ago, but seemed only
periodic in appearance and altogether to be classed as a rarity. Last
season was certainly not an ‘off year” with them, as there were a great
abundance of larve, but they unfortunately left their burrows for
pupation. ‘This habit, shared with the preceding and some others, is a
serious drawback to the collector and may merit investigation.

Can we call this a departure from the usual habit of the group—that
of changing in their burrows, or is it only the retention of the more normal
hereditary condition—that of a transformation in the ground? The
roaming period so noticeable in full-fed larvee immediately before the
pupal change begins, must with /ydracia be limited, for the season is
drawing to a close and quick transformations are imperative. We may
assume they become early influenced by the lethargy of the approaching
change, and if this comes on so quickly that they succumb to its influence
before the roaming tendency predominates, it is only natural that the
galleries, as being the first place at hand, should serve as sufficiently safe

232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

quarters for the change. In this case an exit aperture for the moth must
be made and the provisional instinct here called forth-is certainly a
departure from the usual preparatory action taken by larve.: The ample
orifice through the plant-stock and the lid at the epidermis to screen
against intruders are good examples indeed of insect forethought. That
cerussata and marginidens do not undergo their changes in conditions

which bring out such a display of instinct would hardly place them on a

lower plane, and we may look for a cause from some other source, being
anxious to find an excuse for these beauties.

Having a habitat that extends further southward than the other local
species gives them a longer season, so that on betoming full-fed there
may seem less haste for the change to a chrysalis, and they might indulge
in a little roaming. After once leaving their burrows, we cannot expect
them to find their way back again, so refuge is sought in mother earth.

Upon encountering the Jarva of cerussata, it is easy to see at once that
we have to deal with a species differing greatly from the conventional
form. The headis larger, the plates stronger and the tubercles seem more
clustered, together with a parchment-like cuticle, giving the insect quite
an armoured appearance. And it is needed! The food-plant is Vernonia
noveboracensis, and if anyone doubts the aptness of -the common name
“ironweed” as applied to this plant, it would be well for them to
investigate the roots, for it is here the borer works. It would be well to
take some heavier tool than a penknife or garden trowel when undertaking
the task.

Larve in next to the last stage were found July 15. The plants had
been entered a few inches up from the base and a gallery started downward
into the roots. Progress was slow on account of the extreme toughness
of the stem. A very noticeable swelling is produced, but instead of
increasing in diameter as the plant continues to grow, finally bursts open
for its entire length, making an ugly scar, at once furnishing a clue for the
hunter. From this time on that part of the burrow offers no shelter
whatever and the workings below ground proceed slowly. Often the
borer misses the centre of the stem, for be it known there is no pith to
guide it, and eats its way through to the outside. Then the gallery is
continued through the soil and tangle of fiberous rootlets ; but this does
not occur until near maturity.

Next to last stage; Very cylindrical, the skin more roughened and

——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233

drawn on the thoracic joints than with other species. The colour is a
purplish brown, showing very dark on first four abdominal segments.
The ordinary lines on the thoracic joints are a pure white, their
continuation on the last four joints show as soiled and yellowish.
Head is large, very finely granulated, of a chestnut colour; width
.13 inches. The cervical shield is larger than usual in this stage, a
hard shining plate of a shade lighter than the head, and has the ordinary
black edging. The anal plate is at once unique, and offers perhaps the
strongest point of specific distinction. Instead of being similar in
texture and colour to the shield, its surface is plainly roughened or
granulated ; colour deep black, and its area consumes about all of the
dorsal space on the last segment. What is usually a separate plate
preceding the anal one on this segment, is in this case one confused
area. The few sete that arise from the borders of this plate are stouter
than with other species. The tubercle arrangement is of the conventional
form, the lateral ones clustered around the spiracles, and all, together with
the last-named organs, are intensely black. Special mention may be made
of IV. on abdominal joint seven as being raised a little above the line of
the spiracles, a feature that holds with all that are strictly root-borers. On
the next to last joint I. and II. are very large and with their opposites are
merged into a conspicuous quadrate patch, which, preceding the unusual
anal plate, gives a very protected look to this extremity. Length of insect
1.6 inches ; duraticn of stage uncertain, perhaps fourteen days.

Final stage: The bulk and diameter now greatly increase ; colours
become more translucent ; head and shield become heavier and darker,
the former now measuring .17 inches across. Thoracic legs stout and
shining black. The crochets of the abdominal feet are very strong, and
although no microscopic comparisons have been made here, it is safe to
say these are better developed than in the other species treated.

Tubercle arrangement remains the same, though I. and II. are
perhaps less conspicuous. Large examples measure slightly over two
inches in length. When full-fed they become very restless, in captivity
at any rate, boring in and then out of the earth at frequent intervals, for
a couple of days prior to the final rest.

The pupa is correspondingly large and robust, of a dark brown, much
less shining than ordinary. The shell appears thicker, as there seems no
difference in hue even when the imago is ready to burst forth, Cremaster

234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

is blunt and hardly shows bifidate. Extreme length 1.1 inches. Moths
-appear Sept. 5 to 12.

It certainly means a great deal of work bringing through examples of
this species, but the thrill of delight and admiration experienced when
beholding the freshly-emerged insect will, we predict, be an ample
compensation. Unfortunately, the beautiful plum-bloom purple. of the
two species so far discussed, fades more or less brownish-after awhile,
no matter what pains be taken to keep the specimens from any exposure
to light, so that it is really necessary to breed them in order to fully
appreciate these insects.

.

Cerussata is very fond of leaving its burrow when in the larval state,
which may be explained in part by the curious splitting that the stem
undergoes and which makes a kind of trough leading any dew or water
directly in on the insect below. So there is cause, perhaps, for a change ;
but in case of isolated plants it means a serious fast and probably
the substitution of some other plantas food. Such an instance had
surely occurred with my first example from pupa secured some years
ago, when an exceedingly dwarfed specimen emerged from a random lot
of pups gathered in Rumex and all supposed to be common catapAracta.

|TO BE CONTINUED |

SOME NOTES ON “THE CAMBRIDGE NATURAL HISTORY,
ViOLe Wile
BY O. W. BARRETT, MUSEO C. G. E., TACUBAYA, MEXICO. ~

On page 365, Dr. Sharp states that the Hesperid larva “ frequently
forms a rudimentary cocoon.” It does not appear to be generally known
that Doderes Mexicanus, Feld., a Hesperid (near Hantzs) common to
Central Mexico, makes a decidedly complicated cocoon. Constructed of
tough gray silk, and very closely woven, the cocoon is formed between
two leaves (or, rarely, two sides of one folded leaf) of the “ zapote blanco”
(Casimiroa sp.), and suspended from a twig by a strong silk thread 70
mm. to go mm. in length. The mouth is closed by an exceptionally well
made chevaux-de-frise and turned at nearly right angles to the axis of the
cocoon, which is 33 mm. in length, and at the middle, 13 mm. in breadth
by 9 mm. in thickness.

The larva, after entering the cocoon, as well as the pupa during its

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23

ol

entire existence, has the habit of frequently turning and shaking itself so
as to produce a rattling noise, which has given it the popular name of
“‘campanita ” (little bell); on opening one side of the cocoon the large
head of the larva or the front portion of the pupa may be seen in rapid
vibration striking the walls of its chamber.

In several dozens of these cocoons I can observe no variation in the
plan. No parasites noticed. Am ready to furnish specimens to those
who desire a real “ butterfly cocoon.”

On page 397 it is remarked that ‘“ we believe they (Hepialide) never
fly to light.” I have taken Phassus triangularis, H. Edw.; P. argentiferus
Walk., and a species of epza/us at light, though rarely. As the body of
Phassus is commonly 65 mm. in Jength, and the wings proportionately
narrow and clumsy, I would suggest that the large Hepialids may venture
on only short flights.

The eggs of Phassus triangularis are minute (0.3-0.5 mm.), very
numerous, and of a gray or biue colour at first, turning to brown or
black ; and since they appear to be devoid of any glutinous coating, it is
probable that the female merely drops them among the underbrush,
trusting in the safety of numbers.

Under the new family Eupterotide (p. 376), the author touches on
the irritating properties of the larval] hairs, and on the habit of nest-
building. The hairs of A/etanastria psidit, Sallé, are barbed at the tip
and very irritating, in the same way as those of Hadisidota propingua, H.
Edw., but contain no poison. ‘The nests of this Eupterotid on Quercus
jJalapensis are conspicuous objects in some districts, being frequently 3 to
5 feet in length. No true cocoon is made, the larva pupating in a suitable
space in the home nest. ‘The larva is nocturnal in habits, and yet it is
parasitised by an Ichneumon.

Under the-Saturniide (p. 372), Dr. Sharp mentions the ocellate
marks on the secondaries of species of the genus Automeris. It appears
that these markings have a protective value, as all the species with which
I am acquainted have the habit, when disturbed, of raising the primaries
(so as to expose the large glaring ‘‘eyes”), and holding the secondaries
at ‘‘ present arms” until the fright is over.

The cocoon of at least several species of Automeris has a quasi-hinged
grating in its front portion, which opens only outwardly ; the front is closed,
but with very weak (brittle) silk,

236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The author also speaks of the beautiful colours and the spine-bearing
tubercles of the Saturniian larvae. The larva of Copaxa multifenestrata,
H. Sch., is the most strikingly beautiful I have seen. In Automeris janus,
Cr., the spine defense system is carried to an extreme ; the length of the
profusely branching spines is 15 mm. to 25 mm., or twice the diameter of
the body, and so abundant that the larva looks like a bunch of moss a few.
yards away ; while the quantity of poison contained in these spines is so
great that during the process of inflating, the fumes which are driven off
with the vapour are positively dangerous to the operator.

ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF GCHOREUTIS AND
PES .ALLIES,
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS.

About fifteen years ago I obtained from Dr. O. Staudinger a series
of all the species placed under the Choreutidz in his Catalogue of the
Lepidoptera of the European Fauna (1871), and made a critical study of
their structure to aid in the arrangement of our North American species.
This study also led me to look up the nomenclature of these insects, and the
results are given in this paper.

There has been a growing tendency for some time to use the generic
names proposed by Hubner, and while at first I was not inclined to
adopt the genera in his Tentamen, I now feel compelled to do so. It is
not necessary to argue this question, since both sides were so ably pre-
sented years ago in this journal.

Hiibner, in his Tentamen published in 1806, proposed the name
Hemerophila with pariana the only species under it, and we must there-
fore consider it the type. The genus S7methis was established by Leach
in the article ‘“* Entomology,” published in Brewster’s Edinburgh En-
cyclopedia in 1815, with dextana, Hib., for the type. This Encyclopedia
was re-published in Philadelphia in 1816. I have not seen the Edinburgh
edition, but understand that the American edition now before me is a
reprint, at least so far as the article ‘‘ Entomology” is concerned.
Dentana, Hub., which is a synonym of oxyacanthella, L., is congeneric
with pariana, Cl. Ic., and therefore Smethis must fall as a synonym of
Hemerophila. Hubner published the genus Guwarts in his Verzeichniss,
p- 374, with albertiana, Cram., swederiana, Stoll., and &leemanniana,
Cram., under it, As a/bertiana seems to have been the only one of these

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27

species known to Hiibner, I am of the opinion that it should be regarded
as the type of Gawris. Hiibner has given an excellent figure of this
species under the name of Hemerophila perleta Albertiana in his
Sammlung exotoscher Schmetterlinge, Vol. I., pl. 213 (1823). Zeller,
who studied several examples of this species with his usual care, placed it
in the genus Sime@this. We may therefore regard Gauris as a synonym
of Hemerophila.

Hubner established the genus Choreutzs in his Verzeichniss, p. 373,
with five species under it, all of which, except diana and scintilulana,
Hab. (a synonyn of my//erana, Fab.), are congeneric with faréana, and
have been placed with it under Simethis, which may now be replaced by
flemerophila. The last species, my//erana, has been taken as the type of
Simethis, while diana has been placed with oxyacanthel/a, L., and its
allies, but its structural characters differ so much from the others that I
feel justified in following Guenee, who separated it and established the
genus Orchemza for its reception.

Immediately following Choreutis, on the same page of the Ver-
zeichniss, Hiibner established the genus Forge, with only one species
under it, fdvana (a misprint for vébrana, Hiib.), and as this species is
congeneric with my//erana, Porpe must fall as a synonym of Choreutis.

It was shown by Dr. Scudder in his “ Historical Sketch of the
Generic Names Proposed for Butterflies,” p. 96 (1875), that although the
title page of Hubner’s Verzeichniss bears the date of 1816, there was
internal evidence sufficient to prove that it was not all published at that
time. I have only concerned myself with the time of publication of the
part containing the Microlepidoptera. There is a reference on page 312
to the Third Century of the Zutrage, the introduction to which is dated
Aug. 27, 1825, but this page is in a signature which begins on page 305.
The Third Century of the Zutrage, on page 34, makes reference to page
294 of the Verzeichniss, but this page is in a signature which ends with
page 304. I therefore conclude that the first 304 pages of the
Verzeichniss were published defore Aug. 27, 1825, and the pages follow-
ing, between this date and the time of Hubner’s death, which occurred
Sept. 13, 1826. It is barely possible that this part of the Verzeichniss
may have been published late in 1825, but as Hubner himself made no
reference to it in August, itseems more probable that it could not have been
prepared and published before Jan., 1826, and therefore I have adopted

238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1826 as the date of publication of that part of the Verzeichniss occurring
after page 304, the part including the Microlepidoptera.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

( Veins 7 and 8 of fore wings forked................+.. Orchemia.
\ Veins 7 and 8 of fore WINGS, NOt TORKEG a... soe mas
Third segment of palpi short and blunt....... | Hemerophila.
Third segment of palpi long and pointed........... 5 3.
; Second segment of palpi with long bristles Benes =< Ghomedee
°° (Second segment of palpi without long bristles beneath... . ¢ Ghai
Antenne thickened with scales rons the middle
4. above. : was. Jett. Wiaisieeeee
Antenne not thickened with scales. bee ae a i 9 oe ae oe
Palpi slightly curved up. og ete weep + «+ br. on
5: ’Palpi curved up close to the front. Jee et > 3 er

Genus ORCHEMIA, Guen., Ind. Meth., p. 58 (1845).

Head smooth, scarcely rounded in front; labial palpi medium,
slightly curving up in front, second segnfent a little roughened beneath,
the scales at the end forming a tooth pointing obliquely down and for-
ward ; third segment enlarged with scales at the outer end similar to the
second segment; proboscis short and scaled basally; ocelli present ;
antenne about half the length of the costa, ciliate in the male, simple in
the female ; thorax smooth ; hind tibiz with long scales along the upper
side and middle, and hind tibiz thickened with scales at the middle and
end.

Fore wings ovate or somewhat triangular, with twelve veins, 1. with a
long fork at the base, 7 and 8 forked, the others separate. Hind wings
a little wider than the fore wings, with 1 b forked at the base, 3 and 4
forked or from one point, 7 and 8 connected by an oblique vein near the
basal fourth of the wing. Median vein not pectinate towards the base
above.

ORCHEMIA DIANA, Hub.

Tortrix diana, Hub. Sam. Eur. Schm. Tort., Pl. 44; ieeng
(1823).

Choreutis diana, Hib. Verz. Schm., p. 373 (1826).

Simethis diana, H.-S. Sch. Eur., Vol. V., p. 94, Pl. 38, Figs. 257—
261 (1839).

Coccyx decorana, Zett, Ins. Lap., 982 (1840).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239

Simethis diana, Zell. Isis, Vol. 30, p. 208 (1846).
Amphisa luridana, Walk. Cat. Lep. Het., 28, p. 318 (1863).

Expanse of wings, 15-17 mm. Head, thorax and fore wings green,
the latter with the first cross line dark brown or black, much thicker on
the costa and giving off two outward angles. Second line gives off an
acute angle beyond the cell and another on vein 2._ Both of these lines
are bordered more or less widely with white or greenish-white and more
or less diffused. The median shade is represented by a dark brown
angulated line from the cell to the hind border, but this is often obscured
by the white shade on this part of the wing. Hind wings uniformly dark
fuscous. All the fringes dark fuscous, but with a lighter streak through
the middle.

I have long had this species in my collection from American
localities, having received it from Halifax, N. S.; White Mts., N. H.,
and I also took several specimens in June, 1877, at Orono, Me., in an
open pasture. Walker described it from St. Martin’s Falls, under the
name of 4Amphisa /uridana. I have also a dark variety of this species
from Prof. C. P. Gillette, taken in Colorado

The early stages and food plant are unknown, but Hartmann states
that he found it on the wing near Munich in June and July between a
pine forest and a juniper. The pasture in Orono where it was taken had
more or less juniper (Juniperus communis) scattered over it, and was by
the side of woods containing pine, spruce and other evergreen trees, but
as there were many other kinds of plants in the immediate vicinity, I do
not think this at all conclusive or even hardly suggestive concerning the
food plant of this insect.

Genus HEMEROPHILA, Hub., Tentamen (1806),

Head smooth and rounded ; labial palpi medium, slightly curving up
in front, strongly roughened beneath, third segment short and blunt ;
proboscis present, short and scaled at the base ; ocelli present ; antenne
half the length of the costa or a little more, simple in the female, ciliated
in the male. Thorax smooth, hind tibie hairy along the upper side,
middle and hind tibie thickened with scales at the middle and end.

Fore wings ovate or somewhat triangular, with acute apex and twelve
separate veins: 1 with a long fork at the base; 2 arises from the outer
third of the median vein, 3 to ro arise at nearly equal distances from each

240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

other, 7 ends in the outer margin and 8 in the costa a little before the
apex, 11 arises from near the basal fourth of the subcostal vein; cell
closed and with the superior and inferior cellular veins both present, but
difficult to distinguish. Hind wings ovate, with eight veins, three internal
veins present, 1 b forked at the base, 2 beyond outer fourth of median, 3 and
4 stalked, base of stalk and 5 and 6 arising nearly equidistant, 8 free from
the base of wing, cell closed, with two cellular veins very indistinct,
median not hairy above towards the base.

The only species under this genus occurring in North America so
far as known at present is v/caria/is, which Zeller described and published
in the Verhandlungen der k.k.zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft, p. 322
(1875), giving the habitat ‘‘ Maine or Massachusetts.” This species is
unknown to me.

Genus CHOREUTIS, Hiib., Verz:, p. 373 (1826),

Head smooth, with the front sloping ; labial palpi with the first and
second segments armed beneath with long bristles, those of the second
segment collected into four tufts nearly as long as the segment itself, the
third segment slim and pointed, about as long and but little larger than
the tufts on the under side of the second segment ; proboscis short; eyes
medium, hemispherical; ocelli present; antennz about two-thirds as |
long as the costa, ciliate in the male, simple in the female; thorax
smooth, hind tibiz hairy along the upper and lower sides; middle and
hind tibiz thickened with scales at the middle and end; abdomen
untufted ; uncus present, claspers large.

Fore wings oblong ovate, with metallic markings ; twelve separate
veins, 1 with a fork at the base about one-third of the length of the vein,
2 arises from the outer fourth of the median, 3 to 5 usually arise nearly
equidistant from each other, though in some species 3 and 4 arise from
one point or very near each other, and 5 and 6 are more remote than the
others, 11 arises from the basal third of the subcostal, superior and
inferior cellular veins generally visible. Hind wings ovate, with eight
veins, t b forked at the base, 2 arises from the outer fourth of the median,
3 and 4 stalked or coalesced, 5, 6 and 7 arise nearly equidistant, 7 from
the upper angle of the cell, 8 free, from the base of the wing ; cell closed,
with two very indistinct cellular veins, median not hairy above towards
the base.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241.

SYNOPSIS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.

Basal third of fore wings white..............++.......leucobasts.
eachird of fore wings NOt Whites. so 6 sane ie Ww
Fore wings with metallic markings green...............@flatella.
* | Fore wings with metallic markings not green...............+.+3:
Two yellowish stripes across the outer part of fore wing. . vrginiedla.
No yellow on outer part of fore wings.......... eee eee ee ee ede
Two clear white stripes across the fore wings......... ..onustana.
Without clear white stripes across the fore wings ..............5-

moo

Base of fore wings marked more or less with yellow. . djerkandredla.
Base of fore wings not marked with yellow ...........occidentella.

) CC. BJERKANDRELLA (Thunb.). Dis. Ent. Ins. Suec., I., p. 24, Pl. 3, Figs.
23, 24 (1784). |

silphiella, Grote, Pap., I., p. 40 (1881).

gemmadis, Hulst, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol 13, p. 148 (1886).

soroculella, Dyar, Can. EntT., Vol. 32, p. 86 (1900).

Var. a. pretiosana, Dup., Hist. Nat., IV., p. 182, Pl. 65, Fig. 9.

australis, Zell., Isis (1847).

Habitat.—Ill., Mo., Tex., Ca]., Ore., and Europe.

Food.—I\n Europe, Znula salicina, Inula dysenterica ; Hlelenium ;
Cardaus crispus; Carlina acaulis; Veronica. In America, Si/phium
interrifolium (Coquillett).

Miss Murtfeldt sent me the following notes on this species :

“ The larva is found late in June (in Missouri), and again in October,
mining and webbing the leaves of Guaphalium polycephalum. When
small it works chiefly between the cuticles of the leaves, but later feeds
externally, spinning quantities of somewhat viscid web, among which the
black powdery frass is profusely scattered.

“The mature larva is 6 mm. in length by 1.5 in diameter across
middle segments, from which it tapers very slightly in both directions ;
form cylindrical, sub-moniliform. Colour translucent, whitish green,
immaculate. Head oblique, same colour as body, but horny and pol-
ished. Collar inconspicuous. Legs concolorous with general surface.
Before the first transformation it becomes gregarious, the larve spinning
their dense white sticky cocoons, something to the number of a dozen in
close proximity in the general web,

242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

‘‘Pupa pale golden brown, 4 mm. in length, and rather stout, with
no especially marked characters.

‘“‘Tmagines in seven or eight days after pupation.

“In Central Missouri the species is rather rare, and, within the limits
of my observation, has only occurred three times within the last dozen
years, although careful watch for it has been maintained upon its food
plant. So far it has not been found upon any Guaphalium or Antennaria,
except G. POLYCEPHALUM. I have never taken this species at light.”

C. INFLATELLA (Clem.), Proc. Ent. Soc, Ph., Vol. II., p. 5 (1863);
Tineina of N. A., p. 209 (1872). :

Dr. Clemens states that he described this species from a “single
specimen taken on the wing in July,” presumably at Easton, Pennsylvania.
The type of this species has probably been lost, as I could not find it in
the collection of Dr. Clemens, now owned by the Am. Ent. Soc. I would

not be greatly surprised if it should prove to be a variety of dyerkandreda.

C. OCCIDENTELLA, Dyar, Can. Ent., Vol-32, p. 86 (1900).

I have long had this species in my collection under the name of
Choreutis coloradella, and had so named it for others, but had not pub-
lished a description of it, so that Mr. Dyar’s name willhold. His type is
in poor condition, else he would probably have recognized that it was the
same as my C. colorade//a, specimens of which I had sent to the National
Museum.

Choreutis extrincicella, Dyar, seems to be a badly-faded specimen of
the above. After a careful examination and comparison of the’ single
type specimen with all the material before me, I should not feel justified
in considering it a distinct species.

C. onusTana (Walk.). Cat. Lep. Het., 30, p. 996 (1864).
Hfabitat.—Nova Scotia ; Amherst, Mass.

C. LEUCOBASIS, 0. sp.

Expanse of wings 10 to 12 mm. Head, thorax and base of fore
wings pure white. Outer two-thirds of fore wings dark fuscous or
reddish brown, with an oblique, white costal streak before the apex, and
two others of the same colour, but much smaller, on the costa between
this and the white base of the wing. Outer part of the wing more or less
overlaid with white scales, so dense beyond the cell as to fuse and forma
distinct whitish patch. There are numerous clusters of metallic scales

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243

scattered over the outer part of the wing, some of which form a curved
line around the apex on the border, and there are two large clusters of
them resting on a black ground between the white patch and the fold.
Fringes reddish brown.

Hind wings and upper side of abdomen fuscous. Under side of all
the wings fuscous, with the white costal spots reproduced, and there are
several whitish cross lines on the under side of the hind wings. Under
side of the body white. Legs white, annulate with black.

Described from four specimens, two from London, Ontario, and two
from Massachusetts. ‘This species was figured by the late Townend
Glover in his unpublished work on N. A. Lepidoptera, Pl. 83, Fig. 2t.

C. VIRGINIELLA (Clem.). Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., 3, p. 505 (1864) ; Tineina of
Peer 257 (1372):

Wiahitarl.— Va., W. Va., Penn.
BRENTHAIA, Clem. “Proc: Aci Set., T., pi 172 (1860).

Head smooth and rounded; labial palpi moderately longer, slender,
smooth and pointed, slightly curving up in front, the terminal segment
being shorter than the second. Proboscis very short and slightly scaled.
Eyes oval and rather prominent; ocelli present, large. Antennz simple
in the female, but rather densely ciliated in the male, about half the
length of the costa.

Fore wings ovate, with rounded apex and twelve separate veins:
1 with a long fork at the base, 2 from very near the angle of the
cell, which is closed and extends to near the middle of the wing; cross
vein convex on the outside ; 10 arises from the upper angle of the cell and
11 from the subcostal before the middle. Hind wings:somewhat triangu-
lar, with eight veins: 1 b furcate at the base, 2 from near the end of the
cell, which is closed and scarcely reaches to the middle of the wing ; 3 and
4 from a stem which arises from the lower angle of the cell, 5, 6 and 7
nearly equidistant and parallel, 8 arises free from the base of the wing.

B. PAVONICELLA, Clem. Proc. Phil. Ac. Sci., p. 172 (1860); Tineina of
N.A., p. 134 (1872).

Microaethia amphicarpeaana, Cham. Can. Ent., Vol. X., p. 76
(1878.)

944 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Habitat.—Penn., Ill., Kan., Tex., W. I., Panama ; Brazil.

Food.—Amphicarpea monoica (Chambers).
WALSINGHAMIA, Riley. Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I, p. 157: (1888).

W. viva, Riley. Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I, p. 158.
Habitat.—F¥ lorida.
Lood.—Ficus.

W. SLOSSONIA, Nn. Sp.

Expanse of wings, 15 mm. Head, palpi, antennz and thorax dark
brown, with metallic reflection in certain lights. Fore wings dark brown,
with a straight band across the middle, on each side of which a consider-
able portion of the wing is abundantly sprinkled with whitish scales,
which are arranged into very fine cross lines near the band, but more
irregularly toward the outer edge, which is more oblique than the outer
margin of the wing. The basal and outer portion of the wing beyond the
white sprinkled area, and the cross band except a black edge on each
side, are changeable in colour when seen at different oblique angles, from
_deep violet to bright metallic red or flame colour, or golden yellow ; in
fact, the play of colours under a lens is quite remarkable. Fringe at the
base concolorous with the adjacent part of the wing, dark fuscous on the
outer part. Hind wings and abdomen above and beneath, and the
under side of the fore wings, dark fuscous brown. Legs dark fuscous
brown, with the first three segments of all the tarsi white at the base.

Collected at Biscayne Bay, Florida, by Mrs. Anna T. Slosson, for
whom I take very great pleasure in naming this insect.
SETIOSTOMA, Zell. Verh. der k. k. Zool.-Bot., Ges., p. 324 (1875).

Head smooth and rounded ; labial palpi curving up in front, closely
scaled, third segment quite long, smooth and pointed. Proboscis short
and scaled at the base. Ocelli present. Antennz simple in the female,
a little more than half the length of the costa.

Fore wings oblong ovate, with twelve separate veins, the cell extend-
ing three-fourths the length of the wing: 1 with a long fork at the base, 2
and 3 from before the end of the cell, 4 and 8 from the two angles of the
cell, 5, 6 and 7 arise from the cross vein about equidistant from each other.
Hind wings somewhat triangular, with 7 veins: 1 b furcate at the base, 2
from the outer fourth of the:cell, 3 from the lower angle, 4 wanting, 6 and

=o

——— es

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245

7 forked, the stem of which arises from the upper angle ; 8 free, from the
base of the wing.

S. XANTHOBASIS, Zell. Verh. der k. k. Zool.—Bot., Ges., p. 325 (1875).
FHabitat.—Fla., Tex., Ill.

The following notes on this species were kindly sent to me by Miss
Mary E. Murtfeldt, who bred it at her home in Kirkwood, Missouri:

The larva of Setzostoma xanthobasis was collected September 27th,
18go, on a variety of Quercus stellata. It fastened two leaves together
flatly, but not with the surfaces closely applied—the web under which it
was feeding, which was irregularly circular and about 34 of an inch in
diameter, being curiously ‘boxed’ on the margin, 1-5 inch in height
where the two leaves were furthest apart. Within this fence it was
feeding upon the parenchyma of the under surface of the leaf, rejecting
even the smallest veins.

*‘ At the date mentioned it seemed to be about full-grown, and may be
characterized as follows: Length 15 mm., diameter 3 mm.; form sub-
depressed, broadest across thoracic segments. Colour, a dull, watery,
somewhat livid green, mottled with dull crimson—ventraily as well as
dorsally. Abdominal segments marked on dorsum with two broad,
irregularly outlined, longitudinal streaks, connected by a transverse,
slightly curved crimson line. Piliferous spots and hairs inconspicuous.

“ Head short, thick, pale brown, with central spot of dark brown.
Cervical collar narrow, covering only one half of the first segment, horny,
pale brown.

Anal plate triangular, horny, pale brown. Thoracic legs pale brown.
Prolegs similar in colour to general surface.

* On Oct. 15th, after a period of ten days’ quiescence, this larva left its
neat case between the leaves and spun up in an inccnspicuous, tough
little cocoon under the folded edge of one of the leaves.

“Imago appeared May rsth, 1891.”
S. FERNALDELLA, Riley. Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., I, p. 155 (1888).

Hlabitat.—Los Angeles, Cal.
food.— Quercus agrifolia.

246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN ORTALIDAS,
BY CHAS. W. JOHNSON, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Pyrgota Chagnont, n. sp.

3g .—Head reddish, vertex reticulated with brown, cheeksand occiput
yellowish, antennal fove brown; antenne yellow, thorax and scutellum red;
numerous fine brown specks are so arranged as to form two obsolete dorsal
lines and two spots on each side divided by the suture ; this character is
especially noticeable when looking from the head toward: the scutellum,
and gives the disc of the thorax a rugose appearance. Abdomen narrow,
brownish, shining, posterior margins of the second, third, fourth and sides of
the fifth segment more or less blackish. Halteres yellow. Legs variable in
colour, with thick black hairs, especially on tibiz, anterior and middle
cox, basal half of all the femora and tibiz, and all except the terminal
joint of the tarsi yellow ; posterior coxze and the terminal portion of the
femora reddish ; outer half of all the tibize and the terminal joint of the
tarsi blackish; the outer portion of the posterior tibiz is intensely
black, while the black of the anterior tibie is due largely to long
thick hairs. The wings can best be described by reversing that of
P. valida, Harris, given by Loew (Monog., Pt. IIL, p. 75). The
whole surface of the wing has a rather uniform yellowish-gray tinge,
variegated by numerous irregular, more or less confluent, maculations of a
dark brown colour; at the apical portion of the wing the markings
become more united, forming a noticeably darker area; the dark
markings are also more prominent at the junction of the second and
third longitudinal veins and along the small cross veins ; in the costal
and marginal cells the markings are larger and subquadrate ; the costal,
auxiliary and basal half of the first and second longitudinal veins, yellow,
the others dark brown. Length 14 mill.

One specimen of this handsome species was collected by Mr. Gustave
Chagnon, on Montreal Island, Canada.

Stenopterina bicolor, n. sp.
(Stenopterina, n. sp., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1895, p. 337-)
Head reddish brown, with short yellow pile; above the base of the
antenne, the bottom of the antennal fovez and mouth-parts, blackish ;
orbits narrowly margined with light yellow pubescence ; verticai triangle
surrounding the ocelli reddish-yellow ; antenne reddish. Thorax dark
metallic blue, with short yellow pile ; humeri and the area extending from

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247

the antealar protuberance around the base of the wings to the posterior
angle and across the posterior portion of the mesonotum, and the scutel-
lum, reddish ; metanotum bluish, but on each side reddish. Abdomen
metallic blue, with short yellowish pile. Halteres and legs reddish-yellow.
Wings brownish, costal cells, the middle portion of the submarginal cell
along the third longitudinal vein, basal third of the large basal cell, and
the two smaller basal cells, yellowish ; a small spot near the outer end
and a line near the base of the discal cell, central portion of the first and
all of the second and third posterior, cells, the anal cell and alula brown-
ish hyaline. Length 13 mill.

Two specimens, one of which is in the collection of the University
of Kansas, were collected by the writer, at St. Augustine, Florida.
Rivellia floridana, n. sp.

(Rivellia, n. sp., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1895, p. 337.)

Head reddish, orbits narrowly margined with silvery-white ; antenne
yellow. Thorax and scutellum red. Abdomen, first and second seg-
ments reddish, the others black; halteres reddish; legs yellow. Wings
hyaline, veins yellow; crossbands brown or brownish yellow, and wider
than &. variabilis and allied species ; the first and second bands are very
narrowly connected at the junction of the auxiliary and first longitudinal
vein, second and third coalesce at or just below the fourth longitudinal
vein (in the latter case there is a very small hyaline triangle, formed by
the two bands and fourth longitudinal vein), and end in a point at the
posterior margin near the junction of the fifth longitudinal and transverse
vein; here also the first band obscurely coalesces with the first and second ;
the fourth or apical band narrowly separated or more narrowly connected
with the third at the tip of the second longitudinal vein. Length 5 mill.

Four specimens were collected by the writer on Dayton Island, Lake
George, Florida, May 9, 1894.

DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF TABANIDA:.
BY JAMES S. HINE, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY.

The limits of the subgenus Atylotus as restricted by Osten-Sacken
are not easy to determine. The presence or absence of the ocelligerous
tubercle is the character which gives most trouble, for in some species
it seems to be absent in the female and present in the male, and one
could convince himself without a great amount of imagination that in
some species it is present in one specimen and absent in another of the
same sex. The type of the subgenus is d¢co/or, and associated with it are
other equally peculiar species whose characters place them at once in
Atylotus. They are small forms in which the usual banding of the eyes
is lacking, as are also the frontal callosity and subcallous, ‘The wings are
glassy, transparent, resembling those of some other Tabanids when
teneral,

248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The following species of the group appear to be undescribed :
Tabanus pruinosus, i. sp.

Length 1o mm. Colour black, opaque, the whole body having a
pruinose appearance.

Female. — Front yellowish pollinose, clothed with rather short
yellowish hair; frontal callosity, subcallous and ocelligerous tubercle
wanting ; face and cheeks yellowish pollinose and clothed with long white
hairs ; palpi whitish ; antenne yellowish, the first section of the third joint
of medium width, gently convex below and prominent above; eyes
pubescent, unicolorous ; thorax dull black, clothed with long white hairs ;
wings hyaline, marginal cell dilute yellowish ; coxze and bases of all the
femora black, tips of tarsi brown, remainder of legs yellowish ; dark hairs
on all the legs have a tendency to make the legs appear dusky ; abdomen
black, very sparingly red on the sides of the first. two segments, and
clothed with light hair, which usually i is shorter than on the thorax.

Male.—Differs from the female in having the abdomen more broadly
red on the sides—extending back on to the third segment.

Five males and three females taken in central and northern Ohio in
June.

Tabanus thoracicus, n. sp.

Length 9mm. ‘Thorax gray pollinose, abdomen Piceus, yellow on
the sides.

Female.—Front yellowish pollinose, clothed with short yellow hairs ;
frontal callosity and subcallous absent, occiput gray, face and cheeks
yellowish gray pollinose, clothed with rather short hairs, some of which
appear dark, almost black from some views ; antennz yellow, first section
of third joint narrow, as compared with Jdzcolor, gently convex below,
prominent above ; thorax gray, clothed with white hairs ; legs yellow ; all
the femora darker at base, but this colouring is most apparent in the
middle pair ; last joint of all the tarsi brown, tibiz and tarsi clothed with
dark hairs, wings transparent, marginal cell and some of the longitudinal
veins yellow ; abdomen above piceous, yellow on sides of the first four
segments ; below a narrow, piceous stripe is present on the first three
segments, on each side of this stripe the first two segments are plain
yellow, and the apical part of the abdomen is variegated with piceous and
yellow.

Male. — Differs from the female in having the basal half of all the
femora dark, and less yellow on the venter of the abdomen.

Two females and a male collected at Oswego, N. Y., in August ; the
PEQpELYY of the National Museum.

This species differs from bzcolor, to ae it is most closely related,
in its colour, smaller size and more slender form, and in the striking
difference in the form and width of the third antennal joint of the female.

Mailed August 2nd, 1900,

5 ee = —

Vou. XXXII. _LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1900. _No. 9

CONTE NTS.

Sanderson—Larva: of Donacia.............. 249 Fletcher—Larva of Grapta J-Album......... 273
French—Parasite supposed cause of cases of _ Bird—N ew histories in Hydreecia,. ......... 276
170 TES Rae BAER: San San eaCeeme ler!) Dyar—Note on the genus Dyaria, Neum.... 284
Webster—Harpalus caliginosus a straw bey Osborn—Two new species of Jassidxz....-... 285
OE (ln SESS co eee 265 3
| Correspondence—H. H. Lyman............. 286

Dyar—Life-history of Dichogama Bea CEG
PS hc SS ee 271 » B. Grant... ..- 22+. esses 287

THE LARVZ OF DONACIA PISCATRIX, LAC., AND CRAS-
SIPES, FAB.*
BY E. DWIGHT SANDERSON, NEWARK, DEL.

Though the larve and life-histories of several species of the
Chrysomelid genus Donacia have been described more or less fully by
European entomologists, I have been able to find but one such note in
American entomological literature. In 1877 Dr. A. S. Packard gave a
brief description of the larva and life-history of Donacia cincticornis,
Newm., var. proxima, Kby., in the report of the U. S. Geological Survey
for that year (p. 806), together with figures of the larva and cocoon
(Pl. LXX., figs. 17-19) which he found on the roots of Vuphar advena.

Recently I have been fortunate in being allowed to study the
Chrysomelid larve in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, and
among them was glad to find several species of this genus and Hemonia,
which with it form the tribe Donaciing. Specimens of eggs, larve and
pupe of Donacia piscatrix and larve of Hemonia nigricornis are both
present from the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, collected, I judge, by
Messrs. Hubbard & Schwarz, and larve of D. semicuprea, D. crassipes,
and #7. zostere from Europe. The larve of Donacia piscatrix and
crassipes 1 have found so very similar that they may be described
together without mentioning the minute points of difference.

Several very distinct or typical shapes exist among Chrysomelid
larve, which to a certain extent are characteristic of different tribes.
Such are (1) the short, inflated larvee of Chrysomela and its allies ; (2)
the case-bearing Cryptocephaline and Clythrini, with their recurved

*Read before the Entomological Society of Washington, May 3rd, 1900.

250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

abdomens and long Jegs; (3) the flattened, elongate larvz of the leaf-

eating Gallerucini and Halticini, which also always possess anal prolegs ;

(4) the very elongate, cylindrical root and stem mining forms of the last

mentioned tribes; (5) the thin larve of the Hispide, with their flat,

wedge-shaped heads, rudimentary legs (though sometimes apodous) and

abdomen deeply serrated laterally ; and (6) the Cassidz with their sharp, |
spine-like lateral tubercles and long fecifork bearing its mass of
excrement over the body.

The larvee of the Donaciinze have, however, a form quite distinct
from any of these, though resembling most closely - as in many other
respects—the Criocerini, which in turn are nearest the Chrysomelini.
The body is nearly cylindrical, and forms a distinct, even arc. The head
is from one-third to one-half the width of the prothorax, into which it is
more or less sunken. The body gradually enlarges to the sixth and
seventh abdominal segments, and then tapers abruptly caudad. D.
piscatrix is 13 mm. long by 3.75 mm. across the sixth abdominal
segment, the head being .66 mm. wide and the prothorax 1.5mm. The
segments and folds are quite sharply distinct.

The coloration is that common to most subterrestrial larva, the body
being a yellowish-white, and the head, articulations of the legs, spiracles,
and plates upon the eighth abdominal segment, dark brown.

Just behind each antenna are found four small black ocelli, and another
occurs below it. The antennz are about o.1 mm. long, and are peculiar
in that the accessory digit borne at the apex of the second segment is
longer than the third. The latter bears two small digits and a stout long
seta at its apex. Upon the basal segment are three small ocelli-like struc-
tures occurring commonly on most Chrysomelid larve. They do not
seem to be the bases of broken set, but as to what they are or their func-
tion, I am ignorant. Possibly they are sensory pits.

The labrum is irregularly rectangular in outline, and rather large,
being about .12 mm. broad. The anterior emargination common in all
the nearly related genera is indicated by markings, but has become
closed and almost obsolete. The set are unusually stout.

The mandibles of Chrysomelid larve are typically five-dentate, though
many variations occur, and many of the Eumolpine are entire. In Don-
acia only the two outer teeth are developed, the three inner ones being
represented by the serrated inner edgevin D. crassipes, though apparently

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251

entirely lost in p7scatrzx. A comparison with the mandibles of Hemonia
and Crioceris brings out this degeneration quite clearly.

The maxillx are very highly specialized and entirely different from
those of any other Chrysomelide. The cardo is unusually large (.15
mm.), being nearly one-half the whole length (.35 mm.), while the stipes
is proportionately shorter. The palpus consists of the usual four seg-
ments, which are but obscurely defined ; is rather stout, and between .15
and .2mm. long. But the most peculiar feature of the maxilla is the re-
lation of the lacinia and galea. In most Chrysomelid larve the lacinia is
rudimentary or merely represented by a stout chitinous process, or spine,
at the inner base of the galea, though in many of the Gallerucini and
others it is as large or larger than the galea. Usually the galea is com-
posed of a large curved sclerite, articulated to the stipes just mesad of
the palpus, with its outer face on the under side of the maxilla, but so
curved that at its tip it is concave on the mesal side, appearing like a
hood to the small lacinia, and surmounted by numerous stiff sete. In
Donacia the galea seems to have faced around until its concave inner face
opens directly ectad. It is surmounted by a long thin concave, trans-
parent process, nearly the length of the last three segments of the palpus,
being either a single highly specialized seta, or a number of them grown
together. The inner chitinous margin of the stipes is decidedly produced
at the base of the lacinia. From it project two chitinous bands nearly to
the tip of the galea. At this point it is articulated to them by a socket
joint, a long, stout, concave, chitinous, sword-like process, about .1 mm.
long, which is encased within the sheath-like process arising from the
galea. Between the chitinous bands forming the anterior margin, the
base of the lacinia, and the galea, is a hollow space. At the apex of this,
just below the articulation of the two processes, is a small oval mass,
whether muscular or chitinous I am unable to determine, which seems to
be connected to the base of the chitinous bands of the anterior margin.
In the cavity of the inner chitinous process are seen two slender, whitish
filaments or threads, and though they could not be traced for their entire
length, they seem to arise from this oval mass, immediately below. The
most piausible explanation of the use of this curious contrivance seems to
be that it is used for piercing the tissues of the food plants, though this is
entirely a matter of conjecture.

The labium is rudimentary, and the palpi are mere papille of a single
segment .o2 mm..or .o3 mm. in length, with no trace of another segment

252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

or palpiger, though the anterior margin of the mentum is clearly defined.

There are no true tubercles upon the thoracic or abdominal seg-
ments, the sete thickly studding both dorsal folds of each segment laterad
nearly to the spiracle, caudad of which is an area covered with sete. On
the ventral aspect are five areas of set, the central one being composed
of two areas coalesced upon the mesal line.

Many European writers have described the larve of -Donacia as
having but eight segments, but as Schmidt-Schwedt has pointed out, the
ninth and rudimentary tenth are easily recognizable and are very clearly
seen in the last embryonic stage, as shown in the figures of Kolliker.
Indeed, the latter figures show two long, ‘filiform; lateral appendages
attached to each of the ninth and tenth segments. In Lema, Crioceris,
and one or two other genera, the anus is found opening in the ninth
abdominal tergite, but in Donacia it opens at the caudal margin of the
seventh tergite, and true tergites of the eighth and ninth segments are
wanting, this space being but slightly chitinized and containing no true
sclerites. ;

But the most striking feature of the Donacia larve is the pair of
brown, chitinous, sickle-like appendages borne upon the eighth
abdominal segment. These are about .5 to .66 mm. in length and reach
nearly to the tip of the abdomen. For many years the function of these
organs was somewhat of a puzzle to those European entomologists who
had studied these larve, though in 1842 Kolliker gave a clue to their
function in his paper on the embryology of D. crassipes, Fab., stating
that on the third caudal segment are two cylindrical tubes connecting
with the main tracheal trunks (‘‘—atque ex tertio dorso tubuli duo
cylindrici cum trachearum truncis communicantes enati sunt ” — Kolliker,
Observationes de Prima Insectorum Genesi, etc., Turici, 1842). Perris, in
his excellent article on the larva and life-history of D. sagrttarie, Fab.
(Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 2d ser. t. VI., 1848, p. 33, Pl Il, Nex2zeeen
stated that their function is wholly unknown. Heeger thought they
enabled the larve to cling to the roots of the plants, and aided them in
creeping. ;

The manner in which these larve are enabled to breathe under
water and to form a cocoon filled with air has also been somewhat of a
problem. At the base of each appendage is what to all appearances is a
very large spiracle. Perris thought that these are closed by a thin
membrane, but that the air of the tracheal system is purified through

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253

them by osmosis, a highly improbable conjecture, considering the small
surface thev allow for such diffusion. Von Seibold (Amtlichen Bericht
der 34sten Versalung der deutschen Naturforschen und Aerste,
Karlsruhe, 1859, Seite 211), in describing D. /:mearis, thinks these to be
true stigmata and that the larve breathe the air found in the intercellular
spaces of the roots, first eating into the root and then inserting the sickle-
shaped appendages so that the stigmata are placed close to the openings
thus made.

The most careful study of this matter has been made by Dr. E.
Schmidt-Schwedt (Bul. Ent. Zeit., Bd. XXXI., Heft IL, p. 325, Pl. V.,
figs. 1-11, 1887) upon Dovacia crassifes, Fab. ‘The cocoons were found
in October on the roots of the white water lily (Vymphea a/ba), and were
usually found to contain beetles. How these were filled and kept
replenished with air was a problem which had never been satisfactorily
explained. He soon found an opening toward the end of the cocoon on
the side next the root leading into a passage communicating with the air
passage in the root, which explained how the cocoon might readily
become filled with air coming out from the root and expelling the water.
Though not entirely clear, I should judge from the figures and text that
he believed this air passage to be a cavity eaten out by the larva. Later,
however, he describes and figures the cavities made through the cocoon
and into the root tissues by the two appendages. In the cocoons of
D. piscatrix and Hemonta nigricornis it is clear that the cocoon is entire
next to the root, with the exception of a pair of elliptical holes at one end,
leading to two corresponding cavities in the roots and very evidently
formed by these appendages. I could find no marks of feeding beneath
the other ends of the cocoons, and at least the air is replenished if it is
not originally taken into the cocoon through these two passages. Dr.
Schmidt-Schwedt points out that usually when a plant is thus wounded a
corky formation ensues, but that such is not the case in this until the
beetle has emerged from the cocoon and the water is admitted, when a
cork formation at once takes place and the passage is closed. It seems
evident that the larva, breathing as will be further described, merely
forms the cocoon close to its body, thus expelling all the air, withdraws
the appendages from the two passages and transforms to the pupa, which
thus admits the air from the roots and remains open, replenishing the air
for the pupa and beetle.

Concerning the structure and function of these larval appendages, he

254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

states that in cross section each is seen to be composed of five canals, two
pairs above and a single larger passage below, which opens below slightly
before the tip. By inserting the appendages into the roots the larve are
enabled to draw in the air found in the large vascular bundles, through
this opening in this lower channel, which supposedly connects with the
tracheal system. Concerning the two upper pairs of canals he says
nothing except that they are highly chitinized to secure the firmness of
the appendage, but concerning the lower, remarks : “‘ How this formation
—a chitinous tube opening at the end—came to pass histologically I was
not able to ascertain till the present observations. It comes near calling
to mind a tubular outgrowth of the hypodermis at the stigma. In
accordance with this is the fact that the wall of this questionable canal,
especially near to the base of the appendage, is not simple, but is double,
and no cells are to be found between.” (Free translation.) In support
of this view he found that small pairs of scars which when cross-sectioned
exactly correspond in size to the tips of the appendages, and are at the
correct distance from the scars where the larva had been feeding, could
be readily found, and these I have found on stems bearing the cocoons of
D. piscatrix. Doctor Schmidt-Schwedt states, however, that in removing
the roots of the food plant from the mud the larve always released their
hold, and that when rearing them he did not find them with the
appendages inserted until he darkened the breeding cage, and then that
the foints were found inserted, but that they were disturbed by the light
and withdrew them in a short time. Perris states that he cut off these
appendages at the base without injuring the larva. But as Dr. Schmidt-
Schwedt says, he did not state how long they would jive under water with
them removed. On the other hand, neither does the latter writer state
that he determined whether or no the larva would not live under water if
entirely removed from the root.

I have not been able to study any live larve to determine the func-
tion and manner of use of these interesting appendages, though I hope to
do so at an early date, but have made a very careful study of their struc-
ture, only, however, by means of free-hand sections. First, however, it may
be noted that true spiracles occur on the cephalo-lateral angle of the
mesa-thorax and upon the first seven abdominal segments, as in other
Chrysomelid larve. The structure of the spiracles, however, is rather
different from any others I have observed. I have not made any sections
of them, but a lateral view is figured, showing them to be elongate and

bo
ol
1

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

apparently with a good-sized cavity within. Spiracles of other Chryso-
melid larve have merely two lips or flaps, guarded inside by a few hairs.
At the base of each of the sickle-like appendages occurs the eighth ab-
dominal spiracle, which I believe to be open. The opening can be seen
very clearly in one mount, though it occurs considerably below the
surface of the body, and would probably not be seen except in a
prepared specimen. A trachea branching from the main trunk can
easily be seen opening at each of these spiracles. Around each of
these and forming the base of the appendage is a circular, chitinous
structure, apparently tubular. From this arises the appendage with no
visible line of demarcation.

In cross section each appendage is seen to consist of five passage-
ways. The lower side of the appendage is membranous and encloses the
lower channel which extends up through the central portion, between the
two main canals. This membrane is clearly an outgrowth of the outer
cuticle, connecting the chitinous wall of the two lateral channels, and
doubtless covering the whole appendage, though not discernible in a
rough, thick section. The two lateral passages have thick, chitinous
walls, marked with striations, seemingly tracheal teindia. The two
upper passages are open above, but can be readily closed by a wedge-
shaped piece which runs along the top of the appendage. The lower
canal has absolutely no connection with the tracheal system, as far as I
can observe, and the membrane enclosing it below is continuous with
that of the cuticle of the eighth segment. The lateral passages open into
the tube surrounding the spiracle. At their base this is at first striated
as are the passages, but the striations become irregular, forming a net-
work, and finally a sieve-like or grate-like structure on the anterior por-
tion. When the appendage is viewed laterally it is transparent enough to
reveal a series of elliptical openings running along the upper portion, two
series evidently arising from each of the lateral passages. From each of
these openings arise several small tubes, sometimes branching slightly
near the base, each of these structures resembling a rather coarse minia-
ture gill. By breaking open a lateral passage from below one or two of
these holes can be clearly seen. The outer series of holes and the tubules
branching from each are easily seen both by a lateral view and cross sec-
tion. The exact structure and position of the inner series I have not
been able to determine so satisfactorily, but they seem to extend along
the membrane forming the side of the wedge-shaped apex of the append-

bo
or
(op)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

age, the series from each lateral passage along either side, and each send-

ing off a small branch toward the other, somewhat before reaching the

lateral margin, where they terminate. Whether these tubules are open at

the tips or not I have not been able to determine. If so, they doubtless

act as a sieve through which the air is admitted to the lateral passages

which convey it to the main tracheal trunks. But if we consider them as °
closed, as I am inclined, the whole structure is remarkably well adapted

to aerating the tracheze by osmosis, whether the pure air is secured from

the air cells of the plants or from the water. The wedge-shaped apex of
each appendage shuts down tightly on either side, thus making a solid

cylinder with which to pierce the plant. That it does $o pierce the tissue

of the root while constructing the cocoon, and that the passage thus made

replenishes the air of the cocoon, there can be no doubt. But whether

the larva secures air from the intercellular spaces of the root by direct

communication or osmosis, or by osmosis from the water, the appendages

thus serving as tracheal gills, would seem to need demonstration, inas-

much as Dr. Schmidt-Schwedt observed only the points of these append-

ages inserted into the roots.

However that may be, I feel certain that the appendages are truly a
highly specialized form of spiracle. I would hardly arrive at this con-
clusion had I not observed a very similar structure in the pupz of the
genera Octotoma and Odontota of the tribe Azspinz. The larvee of these
species mine within leaves, and the pupw# remain within the leaves.
Projecting caudad from either fifth abdominal spiracle—which is usually
the Jast in Chrysomelid pupee—is found a stout, chitinous spine about
the length of a body segment. In the pupa of Octotoma plicatuda the
fourth spiracle is expanded caudally about half as much as the fifth, and
the third is but slightly expanded, merely being produced to a point
caudally. But the gradaticn is complete, and it is easily seen that the
spine-like process of the fifth segment is but an outgrowth of the spiracle.
Each of these spiracles, 3 to 5, has the external opening surrounded by a
circular tube, also connecting with the trachea, and this circular tube is
merely drawn out to a point, so to speak, to form the process of the fifth
segment, the process gradually increasing in length and acuteness from the
second to the fifth abdominal spiracle. This appendage forms merely a
simple tube with the sides curled up and in to form an elongate cavity, in
which the lining surface is membranous and finely reticulated. Further
than this I was unable to observe any Structure, as the projections are

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Zot

hardly .12 mm. in length. The resemblance to the structure of the eighth
abdominal spiracles of Donacia is, however, most striking, and, with the
exception of the inner structure of the appendages, is complete. This
difference, I think, can readily be accounted for and the evolution of a
type of spiracle like that of Donacia larve be shown from a simpler form
as found in these A/7spid pupe.

The life-history of D. crassifes has already been intimated. I do not
know that the life-history of D. piscatrix has been carefully studied, but
from facts obtainable I would judge it to be as follows: The eggs,
which are of a brown colour, flattened oval in shape, about .75 by .25
mm., are laid in a double row, the line between the two rows being
formed by the ends of the eggs, 20 to 30 of which are laid in a bunch.
These are deposited early in summer on the roots of Vympheas, upon
which the larve feed. The cocoons are found on the roots or sometimes
on the stems of water plants, and the beetles emerge either in the early
fall or remain in the cocoons till the next spring.

The larve of Hemonia are much the same, the specimens I have
seen being shorter, and plumper, with the abdominal appendages
extending ventrad almost perpendicularly and covering the caudal
segments. The best characteristic between the two genera is the loss of
the ocelli in Hemonia, which I judge is the more specialized genus. I
have been unable to observe the prothoracic spiracle mentioned by
Lacordaire.

Certainly, altogether, the larve of this tribe are most distinct from
those of all other Chrysomelidz, possibly even more so than are the adult
beetles.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.
Figures are from camera-lucida drawings by the author, except Figs. 17-20.

Fig. 1.—Antenna, Donacia piscatrix.

nm 2— on Donacta crassipes.

mo 3 on HTaemontia zoster@.

" 4. on Crioceris merdigera.

nm 5— on Chrysomela varians.
n 6.— 1m Haemonia nigricornis.
» 7.—Labrum, Donacia crassipes.

un B8— oo Donacia piscatrix.

" 9— on Haemonia nigricornis.

a <t0;— " Haemonia tostere.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

; 3. |
st i y) 2: A f | |

NG {
ew ;
f y

259

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

60

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Fig. r1.—Maxilla, Donacia piscatrix and crassipes.
c., cardo ; st., stipes; p., palpus; G., galea; 1., lacinia ;
l. p., process of lacinia ; g. p., process of galea—or sheath ;
th., threads in lacinial process ; 0., ovoid mass.
1 12,—Mandible, Haemonia nigricornis.

"Iz on flaemonia zostere.
nm I4-- on Donacia crassipes.
nm T§%— on Crioceris merdigera.
n 16— 4 Donacta piscatrix.

u 17-20.-—(after Schmidt-Schwedt).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261

22.

Fig. 17.—Longisection of stem and cocoon of D. crassipes.
n., cavity made by abdominal appendages; l.. feeding
cavity.
» 18.—Exterior view of root, showing feeding spot (1) and scars of
abdominal appendages (n).
» 19.—Under side of cocoon when removed from stem; l.,
opening (‘“‘Oeffuung in demselben”).
1 20.— Lateral aspect of an abdominal appendage; |.c., lower canal
(‘‘der untere unpaare kanal”).
» 21.—Sketch of larva of Donacia crassipes, enlarged ; a., anus.
" 22,—Lateral aspect caudal segments of larva of D. crassipes.
" 23.—Dorsal aspect of same.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

7

ee EK

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263

Fig. 24.—Transection of appendage of eighth abdominal spiracle.

» 25.—Lateral view of abdominal spiracle (1-7) covered with
epithelial cells.

» 26,—Dorsal aspect eighth abdominal spiracle.

» 27.—Ventral 1 " " n

» 28.—Third, fourth and fifth abdominal spiracles of pupa of
Octotoma plicatula.

1 29.—Fifth abdominal spiracle of same.

A PARASITE THE SUPPOSED CAUSE OF SOME CASES OF
EPILEPSY.

BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILLINOIS.

Gastrophilus epilepsalis, n. sp.

Larva: Length, 1-12 inch; of the shape shown in the accompany-
ing figure (Fig. 30), with twelve joints besides the head, or thirteen joints ;
head rounded, with two brown-black hooks, the side view of the cut
showing only one of them; head a little longer than broad, rounded ;
the first incisure with a patch of bristles below the hooks,
but not anywhere else ; incisures 2 and 3 without bristles ;
incisures 4 to 12 armed with several rows of minute
bristles, all very short except those on 12, pointing back-
ward ; joint 13 rounded. Extending back from the hooks
and of the same colonr, only in places paler, is a marking
that seems to be a chitinoid support for the hooks, beneath
the cuticle. Colour a dirty yellowish white.

Usually it is not wise to describe a species as new
from a larva, but for the following reasons it seems best in
this case. Last November, at the meeting of the Southern
Illinois Medical Association, in Chester, Ill., Doctor H. C. Adderly, of
that town, reported to the Association a case under his charge of a boy,
then ro years old, who had been subject to epileptic spasms for four
years, often having as many as twenty spasms in twenty-four hours,
Upon producing a free catharthesis (the general condition of the bowels
being constipated), he noticed that the excreta was “literally alive” with

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

an entozoan. Some of these were sent to St. Louis for identification, but
were reported as unknown to them.

With the report Dr. Adderly exhibited a few of the entozoa in a small
vial of formaline. These were later brought to me by Dr. A. M. Lee,
President of the Association. They were new to me. From correspond-
ence with Dr. C. W. Stiles, of the Bureau of Animal Industry, Washington,
D. C., and others, I have decided that the entozoan is new and therefore
propose for it the above name. Doctors Howard and Coquillett pro-
nounce it without hesitation the larva of a species of Gastrophilus,
though in some points it seems to me to resemble some species of the

allied genus Dermatobia. :

For several reasons this entozoan found in the enteric canal cf this
boy seemed to be the cause of the epilepsy. rst. After a free catharthesis
the spasms would cease for from three to six weeks, or till a new brood
were grown. 2nd. The boy had with thespasms globus hystericus, which
is reflex from the pelvic organs. 3rd. That the spasms were those of
genuine epilepsy there was no doubt, as there were all the usual symptoms,
including mental aberration. 4th. Two other cases of epilepsy are known
to the writer where these parasites have been found, one in Chicago and
the other in Sparta, Ill. 5th. Upon Dr. Adderly’s changing his treatment
from that usually followed in epilepsy to anthelmintics, the boy recovered,
having had only one spasm since beginning that line of treatment. Under
date of May roth he writes me: “My little patient seems to be in
excellent health, and I hope it will be permanent.”

As to the adult state of this larva I can say nothing now, nor how it
‘gains entrance to the human system. I had hoped to get more material
before writing this, from which I might answer both of these questions,
but as yet have not succeeded. But the continuous infestation of the
enteric canal by dipterous larve is not new. Dr. J. Gasser, of the
military hospital of Oran, Algeria, reports a case of ten years’ standing.
The date of this report was 1895.

An interesting exhibit prepared for the Paris Exposition is a com-
plete set of bed hangings manufactured in Madagascar from silk pro-
cured from the halabe, an enormous spider found in certain districts of
the island. Aside from being so unusual, this exhibit seems to indicate
that there is a future for silk manufactured from spider’s web. The
matter has received the attention of M. Nogue, the head of the Antana-
narivo Technical School, who has already achieved wonderful results.
Each spider yields from three to four hundred yards of silk, which can
be taken from the animal every ten days, it being set free in the interval.
The silk of these spiders is stated to be finer than that of the silkworm
and of an extraordinary golden colour. It is extremely tenacious, and
can be woven without the slightest difficulty—V. Y. Post.

bo
lor)
or

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

HARPALUS CALIGINOSUS AS A STRAWBERRY PEST, WITH
NOTES ON OTHER PHYTOPHAGUS CARABID.

PY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

In nearly all of our books relating to beneficial insects, published
within the last twenty years, there is almost sure to be found, somewhere,
the figure of a larva tragically devouring a smaller larva, the larger hay-
ing been originally figured as that of Harpadus caliginosus. Although
attention has for some time been called to the fact that the larva thus
figured really belongs to another species, the true /Z. ca/iginosus being as
yet unknown, yet the use of the figure in its old application still goes on.
The carnivorous habits of the beetle itself, however, have been pointed
out by Dr. Lintner, in his Twelfth Report, p. 209, where it is recorded as
feeding on the army worm, and in Insect Life, p. 228, Vol. VII., as feed-
ing upon grasshoppers. The writer has also observed it preying upon
other insects. For this reason, notwithstanding its known fondness for
seeds and grain, it has been looked upon, generally, as a beneficial
species, its known vegetable food consisting either of seeds of no eco-
nomic value, or the amount of grain being too small to be taken into con-
sideration.

On June 12, 1898, I received from Mr. J. A. Fisher, Flushing, Ohio,
complaints of a very serious injury to ripening strawberries, and Mr. C.
W. Mally, then my assistant, was sent out to investigate the cause of the
trouble. Other strawberry growers, in the neighborhood of Flushing, were
found to be also suffering from the same depredation, but, though Mr.
Mally worked faithfully, he was not able to solve the problem of the
author of the ravages, which, in some cases, resulted in a loss of the
larger portion of the crop. Considerable numbers of a Lygeid, Myodocha
serripes, were found about the berry fields, some of them in the act of
puncturing the fruit, and, I might add here, that in nearly every case
where complaints of this injury have been reported to me, this last insect
has been sent as the culprit. On 25th of the same month, Mr. Oliver
Garlough, Clifton, Ohio, in almost the opposite corner of the State, report-
ed the same trouble, except perhaps more emphasized, also accusing the
Myodocha as the cause thereof.

My assistant had noticed in his investigations at Flushing, that
wherever the strawberries had been attacked there would be found, on
the ground or on prostrate leaves directly underneath, scattered fragments

266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the hulls of the seeds of the strawberry (see plate 6), thus showing that
the pest must have possessed a biting mouth and a fondness for seeds,
and while this placed the Lygeid beyond the boundaries of con-
sideration, nothing else was found to point to any other insect, although
some observations made more than twenty years before led me to
suspect some Carabid as the true author of the trouble. The fruit itself
was comparatively little eaten, the surface, especially in case of that
nearly or quite ripe, being badly torn and lacerated ; not much gouged
out, as would likely follow the attacks ofa fruit-eating insect or myriapod.
Despite the fact that very few Carabids had been found about the
affected strawberries, I strongly suspected that, sooner or later, we should
find one or more of these doing the injury.

On June 6, 1899, there came complaints.of the same sort of injury
from Mr. William Hoyle, Radnor, Ohio, a new locality, Mr. H. being
very confident that the Lygzid caused the trouble, as he had found many
of these on the berries. More urgent matters claimed my attention, and
no investigation of this outbreak was attempted, and 1 no other attacks
were reported to me during the year.

June 6, 1900, I received a note from Mr. Fisher to the effect that
the same trouble that had occurred in 1898 had again commenced, and a
few days later a telegram reported continued serious effects. On June 12
I visited the locality, personally, and found fully half of the fruit being
rendered worthless, the injury being done during the time between
evening and late morning, say between 8 p. m. and 7.30 a. m. The
injured fruit had been but little eaten, but nearly every seed was missing
and the hulls scattered underneath. I have noticed this, rarely, for
years, but as it never appeared to amount to more than a trivial injury, I
had done no more than to wonder at the nature of the author thereof.
The JZyodocha were present, but it was clear that the work was not of
their doing. Searching about a cluster of badly-injured berries, one
Harpalus caliginosus was found underneath a clod, but, as the berries
had evidently been attacked several hours before, this proved nothing.
Further examinations resulted very much the same, until I found a
cluster of ripe berries, the surface of which were raw and bleeding from a
seemingly fresh attack, and, as usual, one of the Harpadlus caliginosus
was found hiding in a small crevice in the ground near by. After two or
three such had been captured, a microscopic examination of the con-
tents-of the alimentary canal revealed ‘the broken and crushed fragments

x

.

26

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(9 ALVIg) ‘“LSHq ANYAIMVALS V SV SASONIDIIYD SA 1vduvH

Ife
Sn saa?

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aii
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268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

of the substance of the seeds in great abundance. Material collected in
early morning and examined microscopically, showed the alimentary
canals literally packed with this sort of food. I did not také the beetles
in the act of working their destruction, as they are exceedingly shy, but
some days after my return, a letter was received from Mr. J. Marion
Shull, North Hampton, Ohio, enclosing with a cluster of injured straw-
berries a specimen of the pest, and stating that he had observed: them in
the very act. This was my first letter from Mr. Shull, and he could have
known nothing of my investigations, and I am indebted to him for the
drawings from which the accompanying illustrations were engraved.

The damage has, the present year, proved Very severe, several
strawberry growers reporting that half their crop had been ruined. Mr.
Shull states that nine-tenths of their crop was destroyed within 48 hours,
while Mr. A. H. Miller, of Osborne, stated that of his Crescents not five
per cent. were picked, and of ten other varieties none were picked at all.
This was the first year that Mr. Miller had been troubled by the pest,
though he is perfectly familiar with the -insect itself. Of the different
varieties attacked, the Cumberland, Haverland and Greenville are said to
suffer the worst, though this may not result from any selection of varieties
by the beetles, but may be owing to better opportunities for hiding away
during the day. Prof. M. V. Slingerland wrote me early in July of this
year, stating that he had received complaints of similar injuries to the
strawberry in New York. The beetles have been excessively abundant in
the city of Wooster, literally swarming during some evenings and driving
people from their front porches and verandas, forcing them to sit mndoors
during the early evenings, especially in the near vicinity of the electric
lights. Although there are many acres of strawberries grown in the near
vicinity of the city, strangely enough, I have been unable to learn of any
injury from the attacks of these beetles, and have wondered if it were
possible that the electric lights had attracted them from the surrounding
fields to the city. !

Both Dr. Bos and Miss Ormerod state that Harpalus ruficornis eats
the fruit as well as the seeds of strawberries, but I think that further in-
vestigation of the European species will disclose the fact that, like its
American relative, it is the seeds that are its favourite food, and though, as
stated by Miss Ormerod, it will live in confinement on strawberries, yet
when free in the fields it will prefer the seeds, as in her Twenty-first Re-
port, p 115, she quotes one of her correspondents as stating that the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269

ground in many places where the beetles had been at work was covered
with a powdery dust—the seeds eaten off the berries. The seeds of the
strawberry are not very easily detached from a ripe fruit without taking
more or less of the substance along with it, and in the case of our Har-
palus caliginosus, there were sometimes small pits eaten out of the berry.
[ attributed these to the work of other insects. Miss Ormerod calls at-
tention to the increasing seriousness of this injury in England, in her Re-
ports for the years 1894, 1895, 1897, and 1899 ; in one instance, at Bone
Hill, near St. Alban’s, the beetles were so numerous about ro p.m., June
14, 1897, that members of a family sitting in front of the house supposed
that the insects were dropping from the roof. From a comparison of the
figure of an injured strawberry, which is used in illustration by Miss
Ormerod, in her reports of the ravages of Harpalus ruficornis, with the
figure drawn by Mr. Shull, from life, it will be seen that the work of the
two species is very much alike.

As our species is very large and conspicuous, they are easily seen
after one has learned where to search for them, and when their work is
first observed they can be hunted out and killed, or perhaps they might
be poisoned with a mixture of wheat bran, sweetened water and arsenic,
placed under boards laid down between the rows of plants.

The Carabidz, to which family of insects Harpalus caliginosus be-
longs, are generally considered beneficial, as they are supposed to feed,
largely at least, upon other insects injurious to the fruit and grains of the
husbandman. The number of exceptions to this rule, however, appears to
increase as we come to gain a more exact knowledge of the actual food
habits of the species of the family, though it must be remembered that
these outcroppings of a phytophagous food habit are usually only occa-
sional, and perhaps in some cases confined to certain seasons of. the
year, when, like the robin, they collect a tax from the husbandman for the
good that they have done him during other portions of the year.

In Europe, Zadrus gibbus and some species of Amara have been
long known as occasionally destructive, and, in 1892, Dr. J. Ritzema Bos
reported Harpalus ruficornis as destroying ripe strawberries in Goes,
Zeeland, Holland. (Biolo. Centralb. XIII., p. 255.) As stated in the
foregoing, Miss Ormerod, in her Reports for 1894, 1895, 1897-8-9, has
called attention to similar and increasing depredations of the same species
on the strawberry. in England. The latter author also finds Cadathus

270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

latus, C. cisteloides, Pterostichus madidus and P. vulgaris occasionally
injurious to cultivated crops.

In our own country, Omophron labiatum has long been known as
injuring young corn in the Southern States. Mr. Townend Glover, the
first United States Entomologist, as early as 1863, stated that he had
observed Harpalus caliginosus,1n two instances mounted high on grass,
apparently feeding on the seeds. (Rep. Comm. Agr., 1863, pp. 565-6.)
For several years prior to 1879 the writer had observed both this species
and Harpalus pennsylvanicus feeding upon the seeds of the common rag-
weed, Ambrosia artemistefolia, and the latter species was also observed
feeding on a kernel of wheat, seeds of timothy and seeds of panic grass,
Panicum crus-galli, tearing the latter out from the heads. (Prairie
Farmer, Nov. 15,1879.) Ina later issue of the same publication, I also
gave an account of the seed-eating habit of Anisodactylus sericeus, which
squeezes out the immature seeds of Poa pratensis and devours them. In
1880 the writer also recorded the fact of Harpalus herbivagus feeding on
the young shoots of Poa pratensis in earlysSpring. (Am. Ent. N.S., Vol. 1,
p. 173.) During the same year, and in the same publication (p. 251),
Prof. William Trelease also recorded the fact of Harpalus caliginosus
feeding on the seed of Ambrosia artemisiefolia, while on p. 277 of the
same publication, Mr. Wm. A. Buckhout stated that he had observed the
insect, in 1876, feeding on what he at the time supposed to be the pollen
of the staminate flowers as well as upon the seeds. Recently, Dr. Howard
wrote me that Mr. F. H. Chittenden had observed hundreds of these
beetles at the same time feeding upon the seeds of this same species of
plant. Nearly or quite all of these observations on the Harpalus
caliginosus feeding on Ambrosia seeds were made in September, at a time
when the newly-developed adults are probably near the beginning of their
career, as we usually find them hibernating in cells in the ground at the
depth of severai inches, and hence this is only a clue to their food habits
during a particular period, and while they may and do’ feed largely upon
the seeds of this weed at that time, they can hardly be said to favour
phytophagous food at other times of the year.

In 1882, microscopic examinations of the alimentary canal in a large
number of Carabide, carried on by Prof. S. A. Forbes, the material for
which had been collected by the writer, in most instances the beetles
having been captured under circumstances that would lead to a suspicion
of vegetable feeding, revealed the factthat a considerable percentage of

a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27]

the food found in the alimentary canals of 82 individuals, belonging to 18
genera and 32 species, was of a vegetable character. Collections not
made by the writer, and coming from an orchard seriously affected by
cankerworm, 71 specimens, and ro from a field infested by chinch bug,
and others from a cabbage patch that had been attacked by cutworms,
indicated, in most cases, the partiality of the Carabide for animal food,
where this was abundant and easily obtainable (12th Report State

_ Entomologist of Illinois, pp. 105-116).

In 1885, Agonoderus pallipes was reported to the U.S. Department
of Agriculture, from Illinois and Iowa, as damaging young corn by
gnawing the seed kernels and eating the sprouting roots (Bull. 12, O. S.,

U. S. Dep. Agr., Div. Ent., pp. 45-6, 1886), similar reports of injury
coming also to the writer from farmers in Indiana during the same year.
Since that time it has also been reported to me as working a like injury
in Ohio.

In 1886, Dr. J. A. Lintner reported injury to the foliage of the
strawberry by Lembidium quadrimaculatum, in Connecticut (3rd Report
State Ent., N. Y., p. 98).

From all of this it would appear that many of our Carabide are
naturally, and by preference, of carnivorous habits, but during a scarcity
of this kind of food, can subsist upon that of vegetable character.

PARTIAL LIFE-HISTORY OF DICHOGAMA REDTEN-
BACHERI, LED:
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Pyralid genus Dichogama has not yet been reported from United
States territory on the mainland, but at least three species occur in
southern Florida. The following notes were made on the larva of one of
them, D. Redtenbachert.

Stage //. (?)—Head flat before, clypeus high, mouth pointed ;
luteous, ocelli black ; width.4 mm. Body a little flattened, translucent,
yellowish, a geminate lateral brown stripe. Cervical shield large, colour-
less, brown dotted on the tubercles and on lateral edge ; anal plate small,
not marked. Tubercles small, brown; sete long, stiff, pale. Skin
sparsely granular ; segments scarcely annulate.

Stage ///.—Head whitish with streaks of brown dots on the lobes
converging to clypeus, mouth brown ; width.7 mm. Body flattened, green
from the food; a double broken lateral black band reaching from the
spotted cervical shield to the colourless, spreading anal feet. Feet all pale.

Stage [V.—Head whitish, heavily black spotted except over the

272 , THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

clypeus; width 1.1 mm. Cervical shield transparent, black dotted at
tubercles and edge. Body flat, green dorsally from the food ; a white
broken subdorsal line on joints 3 to 13,and double black lateral one
crossing tubercles il. and ili.. Feet colourless ; seta long, white.

Stage V.—Head dark, the spottings obscured; width 1.7 mm.
Body purplish dorsally (in this specimen), with distinct yellow subdorsal
line on joints 3 to 13, double lateral black line and broken, pale yellow,
stigmatal one. Subventral region whitish. Seta long whitish ; tubercles,
except iii., minute.

Stage VZ.—Apparently interpolated ; width of head 2.2 to 2.5 mm,
As in the next stage. ;

Stage VI/.—Head round, the apex below prothorax, clypeus high,
reaching the cervical shield in the ordinary position of retraction ;
antenne as long as mandibles ; whitish, with remote scattered dashes or
patches of dark brown, principally in a double line on each side of the
vertical notch and also in a parallel raw across the centre of the lobe
obliquely ; width 2.7 to 3.0 mm. Cervical shield large, membranous
and transparent, so that the retracted head is plainly visible through it.
Anal plate concolorous with the body. Body a little flattened, segmental
incisures marked; segments 3-annulate, the anterior annulet small and
not reaching the dorsum. Skin translucent, not strongly marked.
Greenish, a broken, yellowish white, subdorsal line above tubercle i.; a
similar stigmatal line; slight whitish streaks in the lateral space; a
double waved and broken lateral brown line covering tubercle iii., which is
much larger than the others and conspicuous. This line varies in
distinctness, sometimes being obsolete, represented only by the large
dark tubercle. Slight whitish markings subventrally. Tracheal line
white, its ramifications visible by transparency. Cervical shield slightly
brown dotted. Feet colourless, normal. Tubercles normal; onabdomen,
1. dorsad to ii., all small except iii., iv. + v., vi. single, vii. of three sete ;
on thorax ia + ib, iia + iib and very large, iv. + v. Tubercles some-
times surrounded by blackish. The subdorsal and stigmatal pale lines
extend over joints 3 to 12. At the end of the stage the larva turns red
and seeks a place for spinning. The cocoon is composed of leaves
fastened together and bitten in an ellipse, the inside lined with silk.

food-plant.— The larve live among the leaves of Capparis
cynophallophora, fastening them together with silk and hiding among the
skeletonized remains, or in an abode of fresh leaves united with silk.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 273

DESCRIPTION OF THE FULL-GROWN LARVA OF GRAPTA
J-ALBUM.

BY DR. JAMES FLETCHER, OTTAWA.

On the 14th June, at one of the excursions of the Ottawa Field
Naturalists’ Club to Cumberland, Ont., I was fortunate enough to find
beneath an elm tree (U/mus americana), a full-grown larva of Grapta
J-Album, of which the following is a description :

Length, one and one-half inches. Shape slightly fusiform, gradually
tapering to the end from fourth segment. General colour, a delicate
glaucous green, or white washed with green—with black spines, which
from the size of the body appear to be rather sparsely distributed. The
three dorsal series of spines black, springing from a bright yellow field,
which is three times the diameter of the base of the spine. The head
Jarge, very bristly and tuberculate. Head black at the sides and white in
front ; face white, cheeks and sides of head black, including the ocellar
field and two large apical compound spines ; the cheeks black, covered
thickly with large white elongated and slightly curved cone-shaped (or
sugar-loaf shaped) setiferous tubercles, which are almost long enough to
be called short thick bristles, each one bearing at its apex a slender
bristle. These bristles are black or darkened on the tubercles of the
upper and lower parts of the head. Ocellar field black and distinctly
margined against the white face ; mandibles black, frontal triangle white
clearly outlined with black ; head bearing on each side of apex a large;
stout, conspicuous, jet black branched spine, with about five smaller sized
spinelets, all of which bear black bristles at apex. Behind the cheeks
and running down from the apex, being in fact a continuation of the white
face, is a white band, which gives the appearance of the head being white,
with a large black area on each side, which includes the apical com-
pound bristles and the mouth-parts.

Down the dorsal area are three series of black branched spines, with
5 to 7 branches—a medio-dorsal series, a lateral series, and a supra-
stigmatal series—all black and bearing from five to seven spinelets. The
spines of the lateral series half as long again as those of the three other
series of bristles. Spiracles black, and beneath these is a sub-stigmatal
series of branched spines similar to those above the spiracles, but white ;
the bristles only at the tips of the branches being slightly infuscated.
The position of the branched spines of the larva is as follows: The

7

274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

medio-dorsal series is one-third from the front margin of the segment.
The lateral series and the infra-stigmatal series slightly posterior to the
‘spiracle and in the same line. The supra-stigmatal series slightly anterior
to the spiracle and in almost the same line as the medio-dorsal series.

Prolegs and thoracic feet white, slightly darkened towards the claws.
and all pretty thickly covered with white deflexed bristles. On segment
No. 2, instead of the large branched bristles which occur on the rest of
the body, are simple short thick bristles exactly similar to those on the
face, and each bearing at ‘its apex a slender black bristle. The skin is
white and semi-translucent, allowing the green contents of the body to
show through. This together with the shape of the larva gives the
caterpillar a considerable resemblance to an Afatura larva. The inter-
segmental folds are white and the M-shaped dorsal markings of Grafta
larve are white and indistinct. The pale delicate green colouring of this
larva gives it a very un-Grapta-like appearance.

PUPATION~.

On Sunday evening, June 16th, the larva was found to be suspended
for pupation. At 7.15 p.m. gentle undulations of the abdomen (peristaltic
motions), accompanied by straightening out and slowly drawing up of the
body, were noticed, and the contents of the body seemed to run down to
segments one to eight.

7.25—-Last segment apparently empty.

7.27—Body drawn up several times and then straightened out,
undulations running along the body as if an effort were being made by
the insect to shrink away from its skin.

7.35—The bases of some of the thoracic tubercles pale as if air were
under them. These were the areas which afterwards in the pupa were
gilded. The skin at the base of the prolegs apparently loosening and
little folds showing.

7.40—Colour of the body darkening, the peristaltic motions con-
tinuing all the time.

7.43—The muscles apparently relaxed and the body hung down
almost the full length.

7.45—The body drawn up vigorously 3 or 4 times, the peristaltic
motions continued energetically and with some effort.

8.00o—Muscles relaxed ,and the body hanging down loose again
without movement for about half a minute.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 270

8.05—Body contracted and drawn up vigorously, and with a

- wriggling, impatient, twisting movement four or five times repeated.

8.12—The two posterior abdominal and anal prolegs apparently
drawn in from the skin.

8.15 to 8.45—The body constantly drawn up vigorously, the un-
dulating movements of the body kept up almost continuously, with three
or four short intervals of rest of about a quarter of a minute each, during

-which the muscles were relaxed and the body hung down almost straight,

the head and three thoracic segments only being slightly curved upwards.

8.45—Segments No. 12 and 13 showing minute wrinkles in the skin.

8.46—Body relaxed for a few seconds and then drawn up slowly, but
more firmly and to a greater degree than previously ; at the same time
the body was twisted slightly from left to right, and the skin began to pass
up perceptibly over the anal segments, this movement proceeding
segment by segment as though the insect were crawling through the skin
towards the head.

8.47—The skin burst over the 3rd and 4th segments, and by the
undulating movement of the body was gradually drawn back until the
chrysalis emerged; the skin on ventral surface adhering longest, and
apparently the greater part of the weight of the body was borne and the
body of the pupa was held from falling by reason of the moisture of the
skin, which made it adhere to the soft pupa. I could detect no effort
on the part of the chrysalis to hold on to the skin by grasping it between
the folds of the abdomen, although this was probably the case when the
cremaster was withdrawn and slid over the edge of the empty skin, This
was done in a most definite manner; the empty head-case and part of the
skin, being in the way, was pushed on one side, and the cremastral hooks
by a vigorous gyrating motion of the body twisted into the silk. When
firmly attached the body was twisted vigorously round and round for
nearly three minutes, from 8.53 to 8.56, in the effort to get rid of the
empty skin, the body being drawn up and curved considerably while this
was being done, as if with an effort to pull the empty skin away from the
silk by means of the abdominal spines, although of course the whole body
at this time was very soft. At 8.56 the empty skin was thrown down,
when the pupa at once hung motionless and the characteristic spines and
projections expanded and took their permanent form. ‘The mat of silk
was large and loose, with several detached strands running to adjoining
objects. The silk mat white, with no distinct button as in most of the

276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

other species. Both at the time the larva was found beneath a stone in a
wall at Cumberland, Ont., and in the box where the pupa was afterwards
formed, there were several loose threads of silk over the body and
entangled in the spines. -

The chrysalis immediately after formation was of a beautiful semi-
translucent emerald green, which later, and by the following morning,
changed to a ruddy transparent bronze, washed with olive green. The
six gold blotches on dorsum large and conspicuous. General shape of
the chrysalis somewhat similar to that of Grapta Jnterrogationis, but
more robust ; rather larger but almost identical in shape with that of
Vanessa Californica, particularly with regard. to “the® outline of the
thoracic protuberance.

The chrysalis formed on 17th June and the pupal period lasted 11
days. This would seem to indicate that this species, like all the other
Canadian Graptas, is double-brooded, but I never remember to have seen
the butterfly flying at Ottawa except in spring and autumn.

NEW HISTORIES IN HYDRCECIA.
BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y.

(Continued from page 234.)
Hydrecia rutila, Gn.

This was the next discovery of the season, and as work in former
years had never unearthed more than one new larval condition per
season, it became evident 1899 was being especially fortunate. We may
well say unearthed, as it was actually necessary to do considerable
digging to get at these fellows, so far down were they in roots below the
surface. The preferred food-plant is Sol¢dago sempervirens, a plant
particularly local to the Atlantic seaboard, and it was naturally supposed
we had to deal with an insect thus restricted in its range. Other things
conspired to get ideas rather elevated, for it was not known, of course,
before the moth appeared what species the larva might prove. There
seemed an unusual feature in that among the numerous stems arising from
one root cluster, when one was found infested, there would surely be /we
examples—no more, no less—found in the bunch. This happened in
every case, and occurs so often as to lose the aspect of being any
coincidence. Many times but one larya would be found at first ; further
searching, however, always disclosed a mate. Burrowing well down

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. BG

in the roots, they still have quite an extended gallery high up in the
stem. The reason for this was one day apparent when a very high
tide covered the marshes with several inches of salt water. In no way
discomfited, our friends now make use of their upper chamber, which in
cases of this kind is their only salvation. Aydrecia larve when mature
drown easily and are not able to withstand immersion in any such
manner as do the boring genera onagria and Bellura.

So, taking all things into consideration, it was inferred some species
quite out of the ordinary should come of it, and there was almost a disap-
pointment when common everyday rufi/a was the final result. In our
particular location. where a blackish stream meanders through the salt
meadows, the food-plant grows at the very edges of the bank, and
the rather novel mode of getting Jarve without leaving the rowboat was
experienced. Here, too, was a good example of their fondness for
locatien, as the old stems of last year containing the empty pupa shells
were frequently met, plainly showing a residence of former generations.
Plants thus situated were subjected to inundation at every spring tide,
not to mention the freshets when the ice breaks up in March. The
stems and root stocks are slender for the working of so large a borer, and
it is ever a tight squeeze with them. So all waste material must be
passed out of the larger ventilating aperture—there are several of these
—and this is not made at the ground level, but some distance up in the
stem, for reasons very apparent. These larve are not given to Solidago
alone, but have a number of substitutes which do equally as well.
Becoming mature about August rsth, they are influenced by the stay-at-
home notions which most of the other species possess, so favourable to the
collector, and change to pupe within their burrows. Thirty days is about
the average of this period, and the moths when emerged are attracted to
light in numbers nearly equal to mzte/a ; at least that is the experience at
Rye.

It seems to have been an unsettled question as to how, when and
where these moths deposited their eggs? From appearing rather late in
the season, it was quite naturally supposed by some that the moths might
hibernate over the winter and lay eggs the following spring. What
little circumstantial evidence that had come to light from former studies
did not, however, point in this direction, and particular pains were taken
the last season to keep the moths in surroundings as nearly natural as
possible so that eggs night be secured. ‘The ‘plan worked well and the

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

desired results were gained under what seemed reasonable to consider
normal conditions. Nocturnal insects are of course less likely to be
noticed in the act of oviposition, so it was with a great deal of
satisfaction that a female ru¢i/a was observed thus engaged and too busy
with the work in hand to mind an eavesdropper. With a nervous haste
quite out of keeping with the lethargy previously displayed, she is now all
animation. One is reminded of the prying movements of an ichneumon
while searching out a host, or the wasps when gathering spiders for their
mud houses. With antennze in constant motion, all cracks and crevices
that the plant stock afford are explored and such as furnish an apparently
proper shelter may receive an ovum thrust well in out of harm’s way,
What seems to the onlooker as a needless amount of exploring is done,
and one is struck with the important part the antenne play in this. In
the cases observed, oviposition did not occur after the third night, and the
number of eggs were rather under the amount expected, never exceeding
a hundred, although accuracy as to an exact count was quite out of the
question. Having finished this function av exhaustion follows, in which
the moth has hard work to keep an equilibrium, often falling to the
ground and remaining with legs in air, feebly moving. Impelled
by what we call instinct, she has now fulfilled her’ mission, and there
remains the final tragedy which is close at hand. The average life of the
imagoes of this group may be reckoned at from ten to fifteen days,
the weather conditions, of course, figuring importantly, though it is likely
the males often exceed this. The egg is less than spherical, flattened at
the vertex so that the diameter here is less than the lateral measurement,
which is sc of a millimeter. It is ribbed very closely with rows of fine
granulations, radiating from the vertex, which is indicated by a slight
depression. Colour is pale, shading somewhat yellowish. They are
deposited singly or in pairs. Examination of these ova in the early
winter revealed the fact that all had hatched, thus adding another instance
where the unexpected had happened. From the late date, we may
presume hibernation occurs before the first moult, but as the wire cloth
of the insectary offered no hindrance to such small fry, any statements
here are mere guesswork.

Mature larve are very cylindrical ; the longitudinal stripes, though
faint, are traceable and unbroken; in this respect, as well as entire genera]
appearance, it resembles cataphracta very strongly. The thoracic
segments show very light, the rest of the body has the brownish body

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279

colour more in evidence. The head, shield and plate are light in colour,
shining, and of normal proportions. The spiracles are all black ; the
tubercles are umber and do not stand out very strongly. On thoracic
joints two and three, I.a and I. b are hardly discernible ; II. b, III. and
IV. in their triangular setting are less noticeable than ordinary, the first
named very small, the second intermediate, and the last large, of the size
usually seen. On seventh abdominal segment IV. is situated at the
upper corner of the spiracle, indicative of a root borer. All legs light, the
crochets alone showing black. The head, lacking the side line, measures
.12 inches across; the entire length of larva is 1.7 inches. Maturity is
reached about August 19.

The pupa is very cylindrical ; colour a light chestnut brown. There
is little divergence from the usual form, though attention might be drawn
to the conspicuousness of the eyes, showing darkly through the shell.
The anal segment is also much darker. The cremaster consists of
two sharp parallel spurs. Length .8 inches; duration of condition about
twenty-eight days.

Previous to the pupal change the larva makes a slight attempt at
lining or plugging a portion of its burrow with bits gnawed from the
harder parts of the stalk and fastened with a few silken shreds, this acting
as a sort of cushion upon which the pupa rests. This has been noticed
occasionally with other species, but seems the rule with rwfi/a. An
irregular opening for the moth to escape is made through the epidermis,
but this outer skin is left intact. In a few days it becomes black, looking
like a blister or contusion, and offers a point upon which the collector
may profitably work. There being no swellings and only an occasional
dead stalk, it is often a hard matter finding these fellows.

Hydrecia impecuniosa, Grt.

Never for a moment had this species been considered as belonging
to the local fauna; indeed, such a rarity seemed quite out of ordinary
reach. The few scattering examples that had found their way into
collections, though showing it widely distributed, were so insignificant in
point of numbers that a ‘‘round-up ” of goodly proportions was especially
gratifying. The discovery of the larva savours so of luck, pure and
simple, that a statement of the case may not be without interest.

The large number of /ydrecia larve that were desired for compari-
son last season made special effort necessary, and one day when gathering
in a quantity of cataphracta, which happened in this case to be boring

280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

wild parsnip, an ¢mpecuniosa larva was very unexpectedly forced upon
our notice. That the parsnip stocks might the more easily be examined,
for they were growing amidst a thick and tangled undergrowth, the stems
were pulled up roots and all and were then split open carefully so as not
to injure or lose the enclosed larva. By some chance a small weed was
caught in the hand and came up by the roots along with the parsnip. .
Imagine the surprise when seeing at the base of this weed, which- proves
to be some kind of Aster, a large exit aperture, clearly the work of an
ffydrecia, and inside a larva entirely new and quite ready for pupation.
What it would prove was of course not known at the time, but it was gladly
welcomed as extending an acquaintance to one more species. Later,
several pup were secured, enough, presumably, to establish the identity
_ of the species, the intention being that more complete observations be
reserved for another year. Luckily one of the lot emerged very early, and
knowing the species to be of such unusual occurrence, we deemed it well
worth while giving up some time to further searches for more. Five hours
spent the following day in a favourite resort brought ninety-seven pup to
light, quite ready to give up the imagoes, having the wing-cases dark
coloured by reason of the partly-formed organs within. Such a windfall
was certainly very pleasing of itself, yet it could not but convey the
unflattering conviction that with the supposedly careful work in former
years this species had unquestionably existed all the while in a locality
constantly examined and yearly giving up a goodly number of other
species. Such an occurrence is but another point in the evidence that
goes to show more depends on knowing where, than how, to look.

The food-plant is Aster umbel/atus, and work is carried on mainly in
the root, although the lower part of the stem is also tunnelled. Procedure
is as usual, perhaps the strongest individual characteristic being the very
large and irregular opening made for the moth’s escape. ‘This is situated
an inch or so above the ground level, the stalk being often eaten half off
through to the epidermis, and would surely fall were it not that it grows in
such dense clusters the spreading branches of one plant help to support
others. The epidermis, of tissue paper consistency, soon becomes dried
and black, and as there are generally a number of perforations about the
edge, it often shrinks, tears away at some point, then hanging as a hinged
lid. There is not, however, any such accuracy of workmanship as is
displayed by necofina in this act. Situated so conveniently, we might
imagine these pup to be greatly exposed to the attacks of skunks and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281

other insectivorous marauders, but observations so far have noticed
no such depredations. Though parasitic troubles seemed few, a good
proportion fell victims to a fungous growth, this latter often assuming
fantastic shapes as its development encloses the chrysalis. It may be
that this fungus is not directed primarily against the insect, as its growth
was often seen lining the whole interior of the burrow with a fine network
of fibrous tendrils, and in many cases the ripe pupa, very much alive,
was wriggling around upon a bed of this material. It was this feature,
that of seeing a /ive pupa in direct touch with such apparent contamina-
tion, which seemed remarkable, for in all previous experiences where any
mould or mildew was to be noted about a burrow the pupa would always
be as dead as the proverbial door nail.

Eggs were obtained October gth from females confined with the
growing plants, and were practically identical with those of ~wfz/a, except-
ing the colour shades to greenish rather than to yellow. They are deposited
in rows or clusters of a dozen or more, and, like that species, gave up the
young larve in the late fall; just when, will have to be determined
another year.

Mature larva: Size is small and at once separable from the other
closely allied species. Its colour, a flesh tint, is purest white on the first
three segments, and there is not the semi-transparency so usually noted.
Head is of moderate proportions, a shining red russet in colour, and lacks
the black side dash ; measures .og inches. Shield is lighter and yellowish,
strongly edged at the sides with black. Anal plate large, darker in colour
and blends with what is sometimes a preceding plate into one confused
area. The body, while of the usual cylindrical build, shows a perceptible
tapering on the last two joints. Tubercles prominent, shining black, and
stand out contrastingly as in purpurifascia. On abdominal segments I.
exceeds II. in every case, and IV. is notably large.. The position of the
latter on joint seven is high up above the corner of the spiracle, the
apparent root-boring characteristic. The sete are few and weak.
Thoracic feet black, as are the crochets of the abdominal ones. Mature
larva measures 1.3 inches. ‘They change to pupz August 15 to 25.

The pupa is of the usual glossy chestnut brown, very cylindrical ;
the indentations between the abdominal joints are slight ; length .8 inch.
A noticeable feature is the very dark hue assumed by the wing-cases just
previous to emergence, the abdominal part retaining to the last the
original light shade. Moths emerge about September 30.

282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The thoracic tufting of this species from its smaller size seems more
prominent than in some others. Indeed, this character so noticeable
throughout the group can only be fully appreciated by securing moths
direct from pupe and which have not marred their beauty here by flight.
The rather loose, though ample, vesiture of the thorax is so well blended
with certain ground colours of the primaries, together with minor’
peculiarities of the anterior tufts, that it is quite possible to separate the
species by the thorax alone when unfaded, perfect material is at hand,
This may seem a rather broad statement, yet it is the lack of perfect

material that has resulted until recently in the confusion of certain
species,

Mr. Grote, when conducting his studies in the earlier days, gives
a figure (Papilio, pl. 1, Vol. II.) showing a profile view of rigéda that
illustrates nicely the proportions of this tufting.
Hlydrecia Harrisii, Grt. ~

A number of mature larve of this species came into’ my possession
last season, due to the kindness of Dr. Roland Thaxter, who has long had
this insect under observation at Kittery Point, Maine. That section so
far seems the only one which has produced this species in numbers ; the
examples in collections invariably bear that locality label. As its food-
plant and early history have already been discussed by my donor who
furnished the types for the original description, the references here will
have only to deal with some of the tubercle arrangements which are
of interest by way of comparison, for there were some suspicions at the
start that it might prove a variety of purpurifascia. So great was the
similarity between these larve and the one found working in Cicuta—both,
in fact, being Umbellifere feeders—that it was thought possible the local
and the Maine examples might be the same until emergence proved the
contrary. Since, comparisons of blown larve have pointed out sufficient
structural differences ; but a slightly greater size in favour of marginidens
seemed at first the only apparent discrepancy.

Mature larva: General dimensions are typical, colour the light
indistinct translucence. A dorsal stripe is vaguely seen, apparently
dependent on the pulsating internal fluids for accentuation. Head
measures .1t inch across ; shield and anal plate ordinary. Tubercles are

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 283

prominent, for the most part shining black. On thoracic joints two and
three, III., 1V., and V., are most prominent, placed in the conventional
triangular form; III.a is in evidence on all abdominal segments before
the spiracles. On the seventh one, IV. is below the spiracle in the
usual noctuid position, and so differs in this important point from
purpurifascia. Leg plates are ordinarily distinct. Extreme length 1.65
inches.

Of other Hydrcecia species to be associated with these, there remain
two known to occur at Rye, which have so far escaped notice in their
earlier stages. These are invguesita, G. & R., and the newly-described
circumlucens, Sm. ‘The former has a wide range and is represented
in most collections, but one rarely sees a perfect example. It is a rather
thinly-scaled species, and suffers so much from the effects of flight that it
has long been sought in its larval state, so that perfect examples might be
secured, for it is prettily shaded with the characteristic warm red-brown
and purple of the group. It is probably a root feeder and confined to
one variety of plant; just what one, though, remains as yet a nut to be
cracked.

Circumlucens occurred to me some years ago, a single example
having the temerity to fly in at an open window. It appears early in the
season, ranges well northward, and may be considered an associate with
cerina and rigida. A happy day, indeed, will it be when this species
gives up its secret of food-plant and habit.

The few European species that are closely allied with the local ones
under consideration seem equally scarce in collections there, as many of
our species have-heretofore been in American cabinets. This is likely due
to ignorance of their early histories, and it may afford us some satisfaction
to think we are at all abreast of our brethren on the other side, even in
this small matter, since we are so far behind in a knowledge of life-
histcries generally. Zeucographa as approaching our ruti/e and xanthens
slightly similar to marginidens, are robust insects and must have great
burrowing larve, which have burrowed to good purpose, indeed, if they
have escaped the generations of lepidopterists there who are ever on the

lookout for fresh details.

284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY.

NOTE ON THE GENUS DYARIA, NEUM.

In re-examining the old slide from which the figure of venation (CAN.
Ent., XXV., 214) accompanying the original description of this genus
was made, I see distinctly three internal veins in the hind wings. It
would appear as if one of them must have been obliterated by the balsam —
in the fresh mount, or else an error of observation was made: The
correction refers the genus to the Pyralide and, according to Hampson’s
classification, te the Epipaschiinee, where it appears allied to the Indian
genus, Ccenodomus, Wals. (Hamps. Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1896, 467.)
I would not lay any stress on the apparent presence of the accessory cell
in Dyaria. Vein ro runs so closely approximated to the stalk of 6-9 that
it is impossible to be sure whether there is a true anastomosis toward the

tip or not in the single specimen mounted.

It is rather curious that the error in Mr, Neumoegen’s figure has been
exactly paralleled by Prof. Aurivillius, who figures 4/ippa anomala
( = Cenodomus Hockingii) with only two veins in the hind wings. He
referred his genus tothe Limacodide ! This figure (Alippa = Ccenodomus)
much more nearly resembles Dyaria than Hampson’s does ; in fact, there
is no tangible difference, as he gives vein 6 stalked, and specially illus-
trates vein 10 running close to the stalk of 6-9, and nearly touching this
at the bend before apex. He also italicizes the words, “vein 8 of hind
wings touching 7 beyond the end of the cell.” (Ent. Tid., XV., 176,
1894.)

At my request, Dr. Hulst has examined the type of Dyaria in the
Neumoegen collection, and says: ‘“Palpi upturned, thickly scaled in front,
rather short, not over half of the front, end joint very inconspicuous, basal
joint not hollowed out ; maxillary palpi very small.” In the @ before
me the maxillary palpi are small, tufted with scales at the end. Of the
antenne, Dr. Hulst says “‘ strongly bipectinate for two-thirds, then rather
suddenly shortening, the rest filiform. Process present behind at base,
fringed and crowned with long hairs.” Dyaria may therefore be referred
to the Pyralide near Ccenodomus. Its occurrence in North America
needs verification, in spite of the positive statement published.

= Harrison G. Dyar.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285

= _ ——-—

TWO NEW SPECIES OF JASSID.

BY HERBERT OSBORN, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, COLUMBUS.

Deltocephalus apicatus, n. sp.— Head and pronotum yellow; scutel-
lum and elytra reddish fuscous, the latter with hyaline apex. Length to
tip of elytra, 2 and 7, 3 mm.

Vertex about as long as width between the eyes, margin rounded,
apex prominent; front with sides nearly parallel to below the antenne,
then curving sharply to the base of the clypeus; clypeus slightly
narrowed to tip. Pronotum, width more than twice the length, lateral
margin short, posterior margin straight. Elytra passing the abdomen,
with fully formed apical areoles (macropterous), or reaching only to tip of
abdomen, with the apical areoles very much abbreviated.

Colour: Vertex, face and most of the pronotum yellow; ocelli black;
very faint whitish parallel lines on the posterior part of the vertex, and in
some specimens faint arcs on the front; three whitish lines on the
pronotum ; more or less of posterior part of pronotum, all of scutellum,
and the elytra as far as the apical transverse veins, reddish brown or
fuscous, fading apically to hyaline or with all the apical areoles hyaline.
Beneath, sordid yellow, with the venter washed with fuscous,

Genitalia: Ultimate ventral segment of the ? moderately long,
the lateral border sloping, the hind border slightly bisinuate and with a
spot each side of middle extending on to disk and giving a trilobate
appearance to the border; pygofers nearly reaching tip of ovipositor,
thickly set with bristles on posterior half. ¢ valve rather long, anterior
border strongly curved and posterior border evenly rounded ; plates long,
nearly reaching tip of pygofers, contracting sharply from base to middle,
then tapering uniformly to narrow tip; pygofers thick, white. thickly set
with short bristles.

Described from eleven specimens, four ?s and seven ¢s, represent-
ing localities as follows in Eastern U. S.: 1, Md. (Mally); 1, Riverton,
N. J. (Johnson); 1, Hyattesville, Md. (Hine); 2, Washington, D. C.
(Hine); 3, Woodstock, Vt.; and 2, College Park, Md..(Ball).

This is a very characteristic little species, and shows a distinct
dimorphism in a form with shorter elytra with imperfect apical areoles.

Paramesus furcatus, n. sp.—Beautiful golden yellow, with milky
hyaline spots on elytra. Median lobe of ventral segment furcate.
Female length to tip of elytra, 7 mm.

Vertex smooth, slightly depressed behind sharp anterior margin,

286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

obtusely angulate, half as long as width between eyes and one half longer
at middle than next the eye; front smooth, sutures converging regularly
to base of clypeus, which is slightly wider at apex than base. © Pronotum
with a rather deep sinuous impression parallel to the anterior border,
behind which it is faintly rugulose, posterior border scarcely concave.

Colour: Vertex bright yellow, unmarked ; face yellow, with a fine.
black line just beneath the border of the vertex and extending to beneath
the ocelli. Pronotum golden yellow, with faint median. milky line.
Elytra fulvous yellow or golden with metallic lustre and numerous oval
milky hyaline spots arranged between the nervures and in the areoles of
apical portion, an oblique fulvous fascia from basal third of costa to tip of
clavus. Beneath uniformly vellow, except tibial and tarsal spurs, claws
and the tip of median process of last ventral segment, which are fulvous or
reddish, the tarsal claws inclining to fuscous.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment with broad lateral lobes, the inner
borders of which run nearly straight to base of median process, which is
strong, shallowly furcate, the spurs turned Uorsad.

Resembles v¢e//inus in general colour and marking, but distinguished
by the more slender form, the more angular vertex, the more deeply cut
median process of last ventral segment, as well as the more brilliant
metallic golden colour and greater length.

Described from one female received from Mr. O. O. Stover, of
Orono, Me., who collected it at Pownal, Me., August 31st, 1899.

CORRESPONDENCE.

Str,—While I thoroughly concur in your decision to exclude all
further discussion of the Cunea-Congrua question from the CANADIAN
ENTOMOLOGIST, especially in view of the very personal character which
the controversy has assumed, I trust you will grant me space for the
following brief persona! explanation.

My reference to the Boers of the Transvaal was not intended to be
offensive, and I have personally the greatest admiration for the stubborn
courage in support of a hopeless cause shown by those misguided men,
but as Dr. Fyles appears to have considered it offensive I beg leave to
withdraw it. ;

I did not mean to imply that it-was heinous to suggest that Dr.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287

Riley might have confused two or more species, as that has been done by
many eminent entomologists, but to make figures with sufficient latitude
to include such distinct species as Hyphantria Punctatissima and Spilo-
soma Antigone would be much less excusable. I certainly appear to
have misunderstood Dr. Fyles on one if not two minor points. It is
strange that so many of us have misunderstood him. While I am con-
siderably younger than Dr. Fyles, which, however, is hardly relevant to
the controversy, I am perfectly aware of the meaning of ‘bilateral
symmetry,” and in my copy of Smith & Abbot the figures of Punctatissima
are perfectly symmetrical and not at all as described by Dr. Fyles.

But when an author illustrates the larva of a species on its food-
plant and figures the perfect insect on the same plate, does he really
thereby imply that all stages are to be found on the same plant at
one time? And might Mr. Edwards’s magnificent plate of Melitea
Phaeton in But. N. A., Vol. Il., be therefore properly described as
“quite a fancy sketch ”?

It is quite true that I have never had Dr. Fyles’s specimen in my
possession, he having refused to allow me to take any of his specimens to
compare with Walker's types in the British Museum, but I have seen it
several times as well as other specimens of the same species which I
have seen in several museums which I have recently visited,and I have
had Mr. Winn’s two specimens of the same form in my possession for
weeks together, he having kindly permitted me to carry them to New
York, Philadelphia and Washington, and just recently to the British
Museum.

Internal and external are antithetic terms, but superficial was
quite properly used by me to denote a slight general resemblance in
maculation which, however, in my opinion disappears upon a more care-
ful study of the details. ‘HENRY H. Lyman.

Montreal, 16th July, 1go0o.

S1r,—July 6th was a very hot day in Orillia, over go° in the shade,

and the night still remained very warm. I, as usual, was at my favourite

occupation of collecting ; I had made several trips to the places which I
keep regularly covered with rum and molasses during the season. This

evening there was literally no standing room for the myriads of moths

which crowded each other to get at the sweets. Aadena arctica was

swarming—never saw so many in my life, and I have had quite a few

288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

years’ experience at sugaring. At light and sugar this evening I could
have taken some 58 species of moths, though of course nearly all were
represented in my collection. I have succeeded each year during the
last eight years in adding from 18 to 25 new Heterocera to my collection,
and hope to beat the record this year, but I certainly received a genuine
surprise this particular night. I had made two or three rounds with
cyanide bottle ov/y, when on nearing one sugar station something that
appeared immense to me flew away from the locality. I thought at first
it was Polyphemus, but what could it be doing at sugar ? Then perhaps a
Catocala—never saw one so large. Though I had no lamp, I was satisfied
at last it was something new ; went into the house and got my net and
made several trips to the same spot—no results. I said to myself, Well,
I will wait for you, and sat down and lit a cigar. I was about two yards
from the spot where I first saw the apparition. I waited patiently for
about half an hour. Presently along came the same bat-like insect, and,
after a few circles, alighted on the post and commenced sucking in the
sugar along with the numerous moths—a giant among pigmies. As soon
as it was at rest, I knew it at once as Erebus odora. I.watched it feed
awhile, a thing I never expected to see. After I netted it, I found it to be
a fine female—looked as if it had just emerged from cocoon—abdomen
was quite soft and scales in perfect condition. This I think, under the
circumstances, is a very interesting capture, as I understand all previous
ones made, in Canada at least, have occurred late in the fall and in out-
of-the-way places, and it has been supposed they had wandered here from
the South ; but here is a perfectly fresh specimen, taken in tne middle of
summer, apparently quite at home and taking his sweets along with the
rest of the Canadian moths. My own notion is it was bred in Orillia.
C. E. Grant, Orillia, Ont.

Mailed Sept Ist, 1900.

The anadiay Hartomalagist.

VoL. XXXII. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1900. No. 10
CONTENTS.

Grote—The principle which underlies the Beutenmuller —Food-habits of Sesiidaz...... 301
changes in the Neuration DIY SUELO E 289 | Titus—Noteson Colorado Bees...........--- 303

Grote—Types of Noctuid genera............ oe Dyar—North American species of Tineidz.. 305

Robertson— Nomada Sayi and two new Ehrhorn— New Coccidz from California. ... 311
ee <) eee a a SoMa Aldrich—A question of N slatire,. <.--4 318

Ashmead — Classification of the Fossorial, Pay EE ree, 3 Baie ke %
Predaceous and Parasitic Wasps....... .. 295 | Webster—The Purslane Sawfly....... atop sets 318

Cockerell—New Mexico Bees........ ...... 207 | Book Notice—Argynnids of North America.. 319

SBE PRINCIPLE WHICH UNDERLIES THE CHANGES IN
THE NEURATION.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.

In developing a general view of the changes in the neuration of the
lepidopterous wing, the mass of detail in any one paper may obscure, for
the reader, the statement of the assumed plan of progression, This
seems to be, briefly, a simplification of the longitudinal systems of vein-
ing, and attained through a process of reduction. Where this progress
would interfere with the serviceableness of the crgan, the dormant
trachez in the tegument may, in special cases, develop accessory veins,
such as the humeral spurs of the Lachneids, the cross branches and extra
veins in Tineides, and, as I have suggested, the so-called precostal spur
(at one time vein I. of Comstock) on the hind wings of the diurnals. The
cubital and discal cross-veins may be, however, survivals of a former
system of cross-veins, since we apprehend them in various stages of
retrogression. But they may be also what I call sub-secondary : pro-
duced at one_time to be abandoned at another, Still, this latter is a
rather violent theory. It is better to adopt the view that there is a
general simplification going on controlled by mechanical causes and
subsidiary to the habit and changes in habit of the organism, and which
includes these two cross-veins.

In this general movement the participating logitudinal veins are as
follows :

The branches of the radius.
These, on primaries, are still oftenest of the primitive number, five ;.on
secondaries Comstock shows that the first radial branch survives sore-

290) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

times as the outer margin of the humeral cell, fusing above with
subcostal. The movement here is longitudinal, from base of wing out-
wardly to external margin. On the primaries some of the most
specialized forms of Pierids and Lycznids have only three branches
remaining. On the hind wings the radius is already two- or one-branched;
the remainder of the five primitive branches have been lost in the higher
lepidoptera, but retained in //epéa/us and the Micropterygides.. The
details of the process by which the radial branches of the fore wings have
been reduced in number become apparent through a comparison of their
present position in the various genera.
The branches of the media, =

which, as a rule three in number, alone survive of the system, are
situated between cross-vein and outer margin of the wing. The base of
the median system, as shown by Comstock, has disappeared and is again
only exhibited in the Tineides. This base consisted of two, at least,
longitudinal veins, which traversed the discal cell, and the traces of
which are now to be found in certain backward spurs which remain
attached to the cross-vein on its inner side. The reduction has taken
place from the base outwardly. The branches themselves move upwardly
or downwardly, attaching themselves to the system of the radius or that
of the cubitus; the cross-vein degenerating as a further stage in the
disappearance of the median system. For this is doomed. The wing
tends to divide into two halves—the radius and its system, the cubitus
and z¢s system. To the first belongs naturally, by position, the subcostal
vein; to the latter, the anal veins. ‘The most perfect examples of ‘this
reduction are found in the Attacine. Take our common Samia cecropia
or Philosomia cynthia. Here the cell has opened, the discal cross-vein
has vanished, the branches of the media have attached themselves to the
radial and cubital systems, deriving their nutrition from these, and the
wing is centrally opened, from external margin to base, and free from
veins. It presents now a certain coincidence with the embryonal or
pupal wing, which is in itself curious, but need not detain us. We must
finally notice the fact, that sometimes the branches refuse to follow the
attraction of the upper and underlying systems. It is the middle or
second median branchlet which is decisive. When this becomes radial,
it follows the first median branch and attaches itself to the radial system.
When it becomes cubital, it follows the third median branch and attaches
itself to the cubital system, But sometimes it remains neutral. It will

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291

not go either way, but obstinately retains its original primitive central
position. This happens in the Skippers and Noctuids. The result is
that the vein becomes isolated by the disintegration of the supporting
discal cross-vein, a process which is never stayed. ‘Then the second
median branch, deprived of support and nutriment, fades away. For
particulars of this theory of the movement of the median branches, see
‘various articles issued by me in the years 1897 to 1899. The radial
position is assumed by the Pierids and Nymphalids, also the Nemeobiide.
The cubital, by the Papilionides and Dismorphians, which latter include
Leucophasia. The central position is retained by the Skippers, apparently
yielding to the cubital in the Megathymide. The movements of the
radial branches and the median may be traced in all lepidoptera.
Although I have worked them out chiefly from the diurnals, they are
intelligible only as part of a system generally applicable All genera of
butterflies show the wings in comparative stages of advance in this
respect. For instance, let us compare the wings of Parnassius with
those of Papilio. These movements, which are frozen in the Swallow-
tails, are released in the Apollo butterfly and its kindred; in other
words: /arnassius is seen to be here the specialized and Papilio the
relatively generalized form I say re/atively, because all these changes
are gradual and one form must be compared with another to ascertain
the difference in extent of these two movements. The grades are
innumerable, established by the delicate differences of these natural
instruments of measure. Another truth, which I have dwelt upon else-
where, may now find its place: The spectalizations, of the two systems
and of all other features in the wing, ave unegua/. This prevents snap
judgment as to which is ahead, and which is behind, when we discuss the
position of different groups and endeavor to establish it by a single
feature. Rank is not an absolute and determinable condition in all
cases ; the specializations of moths may exceed those of butterflies.
Moths may represent younger forms and butterflies may be older than
we might suppose. We now come to

The anal veins,
which are theoretically four in number. The first anal (submedian fold)
has disappeared as a vein, and appears only as a fold in most generalized
forms. The fourth and third anal veins depart one after the other ; the
second anal is alone permanent. The Hesperiades have two anal veins
remaining, the second and third ; the Papilionides only one, the second.

292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY?.

The stationary veins
in the lepidopterous wing are, then, the subcostal, the main stem of the
radius, the cubitus with its two invariable branches (cases occur in which
a fourth median branch is noted), and the second anal vein.

It remains to state that accessory or secondarily developeals veins
always seem to be joined on to other veins, their object being to .
strengthen the tegument in some particular part of the wing. which the
changes above detailed have left weak. A curious way in. which veins
have become bent, in order to support the peculiar shape of the
wing, has been detailed in my papers on the ‘‘ Round-wing,” Pseudopontia
paradoxa. Another curious case is that of the fusion of the first and
second radial branches, just before tip of fore wing, in Pereute callinice.
The first radial here fails to reach the outer margin, and the object seems
to be to strengthen the apical field, left weak by the reduction of the
radial branches.

If this localization of the secondary veins, which I assume, be
correct, it follows that all veins issuing from. base of wing are, ipso facto,
primary, carried over from primitive types of insects. The short, down-
wardly curved internal vein, which I have taken as the visible sign of the
Papilionides, is, then, a true third anal vein, or what remains of one, and
is not to be considered as of secondary origin and value.

TYPES OF NOCTUID GENERA.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M.

In reference to my previous paper (page 209), Mr. Louis B. Prout
kindly draws my attention to the fact that Duponchel, Lep. Ent., March,
1829, also selects dd@yma as type of Apamea, Ochs., 1816. While it is
gratifying that I had come independently to the same conclusion with
regard to this type, I cannot follow Duponchel’s selection in other cases,
I merely state the fact here, reserving details for a later.occasion.

It further appears from Mr. Prout’s researches that Curtis, who
publishes later than Duponchel, viz., in May, 1829, ‘‘ chooses chryso-
grapha’ as type of Apamea. Independent of the fact that this choice is
rendered nugatory from Duponchel’s prior action, I do not identify this
name with certainty as referring to one of Ochsenheimer’s original species
of Afamea. Great confusion has been caused by the double employ-
ment of z/ctitans for two distinct forms. It was owing to the fact that I
incorrectly supposed. Ochsenheimer’s ‘w/ctitans (=oculea) was Linne’s

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293

species. our common //ydrecia nictitans, L. (=americana, Speyer ;
lusca, Harris), that I used Apamea at one time for this species. The
species /eucostigma, type of Helotropha, Led., formed one of Guenée’s
original species of ydrecia, Guen., Noct. Eur. Index Meth., 1841, as
also of Ochsenheimer’s Afamea. But, in 1852, Guenée referred
leucostigma back to Afamea, leaving nictitans, L., as type cf Hydrecta
by process of exhaustion.

Mr. Prout’s kind communication does not affect the conclusions I
have reached so far as to types of Noctuid genera.

NOMADA SAYI AND TWO RELATED NEW SPECIES.
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS.

In Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 20: 276, 1893, I described Momada Sayt
from eight female and fifteen male specimens. At present I have forty-
five female and ninety male specimens which I have referred to this
species, but which I now propose to describe under the three following
names :

Nomada Sayi, Rob.—@. Mandibles simple, antennz long, joint 4
longer than 3 or 5, as long as 12, or nearly so, pygidium rather broadly
truncate; scutellum sub-bilobed, prominent; enclosure of metathorax
coarsely reticulated at base, finely roughened beyond ; head and thorax
closely and coarsely punctured ; abdomen shining, rather sparsely and
finely punctured ; ferruginous, the scape, front and middle legs, tubercles
and tegulz, more yellowish ; about antenne, about ocelli, occiput, band
on mesonotum, middle of metathorax sometimes, band from wings to
middle and hind cox, base of femora behind more or less, sometimes
hind metatarsi, base of abdomen, sometimes apical margins of segments
more or less, and sutures, generally black or blackish ; segments 2 and
3 of abdomen with a yellow spot on each side; wings hyaline, marginal
cell and apical margins clouded, basal nervure ending before transverse
median. Length, 6-3 mm.

¢.—Resembles the female ; joint 4 of antennz longer than 3 or 5,
as long as 13, or nearly so, 5-8 sub-lobate at apex beneath: pygidium
bifid; black, mandibles, labrum, clypeus, sometimes a spot above,
inferior orbits as high as antennz in front and usually at base behind,
and scape in front, yellow; sometimes a ferruginous spot at summit of
eye ; flagellum yellowish ferruginous, except towards base above ; collar
black or with a yellow or ferruginous interrupted line ; tubercles, tegule,

294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and usually a spot on pleura, yellow; scutellum black or ferruginous, or
with two ferruginous or yellow spots ; postscutellum usually black, some-
times ferruginous ; legs, except base, especially behind on middle and
hind pairs, ferruginous, front and middle legs more yellowish in front ;
abdomen except base and apical margins of segments more or less
ferruginous, yellow marks on segments as follows: A spot on each side
of 1-5, sometimes continuous, or nearly so, on 2, 4 and 5, sometimes
broken in two on 4, often wanting on 1, 4 and 5, and a transverse spot
on 6. Length, 6-8 mm.

Carlinville, Illinois; 18 9, 26 ¢ specimens.

Nomada Tilinoensis, n. sp.—¥. Closely resembles female of N.
Sayi; antenne shorter, joint 4 longer than 3, a little longer than 5, dis-
tinctly shorter than 12; scutellum a little less prominent; pygidium
broader, broadly rounded, not truncate, more densely and finely
punctured, more densely clothed with appressed pubescence ; sides of
face below more yellow ; abdomen with a spot on each side of segments
2 and 3; 5 with a transverse spot, usually divided, sometimes wanting.
Length, 6-8 mm. :

g .—Resembles the male of N. Sayi; joint 4 of antennz shorter than
13. Length, 6-8 mm.

Carlinville, Illinois; 26 9, 54 ¢ specimens.

Nomada parva, n. sp.— FG. Resembles the female of N. Illinoensis,
butis a little smaller; joint 4 of antennz longer than 3, about equalling 5,
shorter than 12; abdomen with a yellow spot on each side of segments
2-5. Length, 5 mm. :

¢.—Scape stout, joint 4 of antenne longer than 3, a little
longer than 5, much shorter than 13, 5-8 not sub-lobate at apex
beneath ; pygidium bifid; black, mandibles, labrum, clypeus except
sometimes at base, lower anterior orbits, scape in front, flagellum except
at base above, tubercles, tegulz, sometimes a spot on pleura and legs in
front, yellow ; abdomen reddish, segments 4-6 more or less blackish ;
yellow markings on segments of abdomen -as follows: A spot on each
side of 2 and 3; one or two spots on each side of 4, sometimes wanting ;
a band on 5 narrowed or interrupted medially, and sometimes a spot on
each extreme side, all sometimes wanting; a transverse spot on 6.
Length, 5—6 mm.

Carlinville, I]linois ; I 9, to ¢ Specimens.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295

NV. Tilinoensis 2 may be distinguished from the female of VV. Say
by the form of the pygidium and the joints of antenne. All of the speci-
mens of WV. Say: ? have the abdomen four-spotted. In all except two
specimens of JV. ///inoensis 2 the abdomen is five-spotted, or six-spotted,
when the mark on segment 4 is broken in two. The single specimen of
LV. parva 2 has the abdomen eight-spotted. I separate the ¢ of WV.
Lllinoensis from that of VV. Sayz by the joints of antenne. In MW. parva
¢ the scape is stouter, and the ornaments of abdomen are different.

NV. Say is closely related to WV. Cressonzz, differing mainly in size
and colour.

CLASSIFICATION. OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY
VESPOIDEA.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.

(Paper No. 3.—Continued from page 188.)
SuspFaMILyY II.—Ageniine.

The majority of the species falling in this subfamily are usually
smaller and much less conspicuous than those in the other subfamilies,
and with totally different habits. None are true diggers, but, on the con-
trary, build small oblong, or oval, clay cells, beneath the loose bark of old
trees, under stones, or in crevices in old stone walls, etc., not unlike
some of the Potter wasps (Zumenide ).

The group comes evidently nearest to the Pefsineg, the females
having, as in that group, a transverse grooved line, impression or emar-
gination on the second ventral segment. From that group, however, it
is at once separated by the difference in the legs, the hind tibiz being
smooth, never serrate or spinous, or with a longitudinal ridge, but, at the
most, with only a few very minute, scarcely perceptible spines.

These characters readily distinguish the Agentine from all other
Pompilids.

The beginner at first might possibly confuse some males in this
group with some small males belonging in the subfamily Pompi/ine,
since there is a superficial resemblance in some, but strongly spined legs,

always existing in the males of the latter group, ought readily to d'ffer-
entiate the two,

296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Only five genera fall into this group, distinguishable as follows :

Table of Genera.
Cubitus in hind wings ¢vterstitia/ with the transverse median neryure. os
Cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median nervure. . 4.
z. Mescsternum normal, unarmed... .. ... ..+ +. -0++) 03s ss ae ee
Mesosternum armed with a large conical tooth or spine just before the
middle coxze.
Second and third’ cubital cells along the cubitus subequal, the
third the broadest ; femora in ¢ much
thickened <5: cnc cmp ek eS arr _(1) Macromeris, Lepel.
3. Second and third cubital cells equal, or very nearly, united only about
as long as the first. :
Mandibles simple, edentate ; antenne in ¢ with the flagellar
joints pectinate (? unknown)............(2) Clavelia, Lucas.
Mandibles bidentate ; antennz in*f normal, the hind cox pro-
duced anteriorly into a conical tubercle, in 2 simple; meta-
thorax with a median longitudinal =~
fOTOW Ns Hehe. sa. aes Vee RN Paragenia, Bingham.
Second cubital cell much shorter than the third; clypeus usually
triangular, more or less prominently pointed, subconvex medially ;
mandibles dentate ; antennz filiform.......(4) Pseudagenia, Kohl.

4. Third cubital cell, along the cubitus, as jong or a little longer than the
second ; claws cleft or with a tooth near the middle, rarely simple ;
eyes extending to base of mandibies ; abdomen with a constriction
between segments 1 and 2.

Body variable; head transverse, wider than the thorax ; maxille
in 2 with a bunch of long, beardlike hairs‘at base ; abdomen
ovoid, sessile, subsessile, or briefly petiolate ; claws cleft or
with a tooth beneath..........,.........(5) Agenia, Schiodte.

= Pogonius, Dahlb.

Body very slender; head lenticular ; maxille in 9 normal, not
bearded ; abdomen very long, subcompressed, clavate, the first
segment distinctly petiolate ; claws
simple. 22... 0.2) ae ory eB) eee (0) SLCNAPeNIa, soa teammee

———

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297

THE NEW MEXICO BEES OF THE GENUS CCELIOXYS.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N.. MEX.
Table to separate the females :

3 Rs CRN SGA ih cy a ais A ome Acree Rie
Legs black, oh AB saved = ee eo ee re ne
1. Anterior edge of clypeus aecly Ee anal a becisveaaees Sayt, Rob.
Anterior edge of clypeus not emarginate.. aie etege in iste

2. Ventral apical plate of abdomen broad ; ‘dors Soaominal seg-
ments closely punctured in the middle......deA/anata, Cress.
Ventral apical plate of abdomen narrow...................4. 2.

3. Base of abdomen black; dorsal abdominal segments rather
closely punctured in middle................0ctodentata, Say.
Base of abdomen red; dorsal abdominal segments very sparsely
punctured in middle. . sere > sb nig < MECALALE, MORN

4. Apical dorsal plate ro tine eee eee at order ruftarsis Smith.
Apical dorsal plate not angled at sides. “Ss it Meee

5. Apical ventral plate long and narrow, botched at mies near end..6.
Apical ventral plate broad, suboval, more or less hairy at sides..7.
6. Lateral teeth of scutellum short and blunt; tegule black ; length

about 9 mm. sees : a enn PR@SEM, Cress
Lateral teeth af scarlias ‘Teikee andl Sete tegule dark
reddish’; length about: 12 mnie ois... 2655. se 2 OF EERE, MGRIL
7. Apex of ventral plate with a very small projection ; apex of
dorsal plate°curved’ upwards... °222..<...:.... Gilensis, Ckll.
Apex of ventral plate with a ie" Dees ; apex of dorsal
plate not curved upwards.........; é Bierce tte es
Apex of ventral plate witha a ee apex at dorsal plate
got curved upwards: 3° 7. scale .. Apacheorum, Ckll.
8. Lateral teeth of scutellum long, somewhat eemead
fawARIS. 32 was : 7% .grindelia, Ckll.

Lateral teeth of ceusesiinn sligee slender, seenenee: wetenrs. Cell,

Celioxys Sayt, Robertson, 1897.

Las Cruces, June 12. Resembles octodentata, but easily separated
by the clypeus.
Celioxys deplanata, Cresson, 1878.

Mesilla, June 30; Mesilla Park, October rq.
Calioxys octodentata, Say, 1824, (altilis, Cress.).

Santa Fé, July 6, at flowers of Rudbeckia laciniata; July 27 ;
Albuquerque ; Las Vegas, August 11, taken by Miss S. L. Mize, on

298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

flowers of Grindelia squarrosa; West Fork Gila River, taken by Town-
send, July 12. A male from flowers of Aster spinosus at Mesilla, July
25, is inseparable from males of octodentata.

Calioxys menthe, Ckll., 1897.

g. Deming. 9. Las Cruces, August 11 and August 23, the
last at flowers of Chrysopsis villosa; both taken by C. H. T. Townsend.
The @ is about 12 mm. long ; the apical plates of the abdomen are of
the same general type as those of octodentata, but longer, and the dorsal
plate does not fall much short of the ventral. The bands of pubescence
along the front of the mesothorax, and in the scutello-mesothoracic
suture, are of a light warm ochreous colour. The abdominal bands are
entire and regular. 2
Celioxys rufitarsis, Smith, 1854.

9. Rio Ruidoso, about 7,500 feet, August-3, at flowers of Verbena
Macdougali. This specimen, collected by Townsend, differs from Smith’s
description by the black nervures, and tegule not testaceous in the
middle, but it accords herein with ruftarsis_as understood by Cresson.
The tarsi are red. What I regard as the-¢ of this occurred at Las
Vegas, July 11, at flowers of Cleome serru/ata. It is larger than C.
Gilensis.

Celioxys mesta, Cresson, 1864.

Beulah, end of August.

Celioxys (lucrosa var. ?) Portere, 0. sp.

@. Harvey's Ranch, near Las Vegas, 9,600 feet, August 22, 1899.
(Wilmatte Porter.) Length about 12 mm. Pubescence white; short
but rather dense on cheeks; short and mostly appressed on face ;
abundant on sides of thorax and on metathorax; erect, scanty and
inconspicuous on vertex, mesothorax and scutellum; no band on anterior
margin of mesothorax, and only a very slight one at scutello-mesothoracic
suture ; legs, except coxe, scarcely pubescent, four hind tarsi clothed
with fulvous hair on inner side ; abdominal bands narrow, not very con-
spicuous, inclined to be more or less interrupted in the middle ; antennz
and mandibles entirely black; tegule dark reddish-brown; wings
brownish ; punctures of vertex, mesothorax and scutellum dense, large
and deep, scutellum becoming cancellate ; edge of scutellum only gently
convex, with no central nodule, lateral teeth moderate, straight ; abdo-
men shining, punctures sparse on greater part of segments 2 to 4; seg-
ments 2 and 3 with a transverse groove ; ventral surface with distinct,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 299.

rather close punctures ; penultimate ventral segment minutely roughened
with dense punctures of two sizes ; apical plates much as in Zucrosa, but
the dorsal plate has the narrowing nearer the base, and its keel is dis--
timet ; the ventral plate appears to be rather more produced, Close to
lucrosa and mesta, but probably a distinct species.

Celioxys Gilensis, Cklh, 1898.

Length: ¢, 9-10 mm.; 9, rr mm. The discovery of the female
shows that this species is very close to C. modesta, Smith, but differs in
the colour of the legs and the entire abdominal bands. ¢@. Gallinas
River at La Cueva, at flowers of Psaralea tenuiflora, August 6 (CkIl.) ;
Rio Ruidoso, at flowers of Vicia aff. pulchella, about 6,700 feet, July 29
(Townsend). 2. Rio Ruidoso, with the 2s just cited, also at flowers
of Rhus glabra, about 6,500 feet, July 19 (Townsend); Gila River
(Townsend) ; Santa Fé, July 6 (Ckll.). The males resemble rujfitarsis,
but are uniformly smaller.

Celioxys Apacheorum, n. sp.

Mescalero, July 20 (C. M. Barber), 2. Somewhat related to C.
alternata, Say, as interpreted by Cresson. Length 1: mm., narrow, with
the shape of C. Gilensis; pubescence dull white ; face quite densely
pubescent ; anterior border of mesothorax with the band of pubescence
divided behind into three teeth, the lateral ones the most distinct; scutellum
with hind edge strongly convex, without a central nodule ; lateral teeth
long and almost straight; antennze and mandibles black ; legs black,
including tarsi; spurs dark ferruginous ; punctures of mesothorax and
scutellum large and deep; wings strongly suffused with brown ; nery-
ures black, stigma ferruginous; tegule ferruginous, piceous at base ;
abdomen shining dorsally, with strong but sparse punctures ; abdominal
bands regular and entire ; additional bands of hair at the sides of the
segments, marking the transverse depressions, which, however, entirely
fail broadly in the middle of the dorsum ; ventral surface strongly and
rather closely punctured, the penultimate segment with small punctures
interspersed between the large ones; apical dorsal segment ending in a
point at an angle of perhaps 80’, the longitudinal keel wanting, or
slightly indicated at the tip ; apical ventral segment not greatly produced.
beyond the dorsal, rounded, its margins hairy.

This species is peculiar for the absence of a keel or raised line on
the last dorsal segment, and the broad interruption of the transverse
grooves on segments 2 and 3. Using these characters, our species of
Celioxys separate thus :

300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A. Keel on last dorsal absent . Loieye 4 J tne sala Ap OCR eM
B. Keel on last dorsal exteuaie ab eus ale the eeeans “ the segment ;
transverse grooves on 2 and 3 entire............octodentata, Sayi.
€. Keel on last dorsal extending about three-quarters the length of the
segment.
a. Transverse grooves on 2 and 3 interrupted in middle
LUM Os gay sts eige wise By « 4 2eie% of tebiegton late obese gees eee rr
b. Transverse grooves on 2 and 3
EMCITE 15 wazsie, (oo sep ACPIANALA,) TIDES, 2 ee Por tera.
D. Keel on last dorsal extending practically the whole length of the
segment.
a. Transverse grooves on 2 and 3 entire.. wi 6 ed wll RPE Eee
b. Transverse grooves on 2 and 3 broadly ineerranted
Gorsally,. 05 esc (s ee dis esc o's UR,ode blalaty «5 a 5 ORCTED OE

Celioxys grindelia, n. sp.

Las Vegas, at flowers of Grindelia sguarrosa, August 9, both sexes
(W:4 Porter) Ausust a1, 4+(S. a. Maze):

Las Vegas, at Ab nfers of Solidago Canadensis, August 11, ¢ (W.
Porter) ; Las Vegas Hot Springs.

2. Length about 11 mm.; pubescence pale with a brownish tinge,
that along anterior margin of mccoenGcae (especially at sides) and a spot
behind tegule, pale ferruginous ; disc of mesothorax and scutellum
aude ; abdominal bands rather broad, entire and conspicuous, no short
lateral transverse grooves or bands, but transverse grooves crossing the
dorsum of segments 2 and 3; mandibles externally covered with
appressed pubescence like the face (this is also the case in rzbis);
antenne and tegule black ; legs black, including tarsi; nervures and
stigma black ; wings with the outer margin broadly brown ; mesothorax
cancellate with extremely dense large punctures; lateral teeth of
scutellun long; abdomen rather sparsely punctured; penultimate
ventral segment punctured like the others, without the minute punctures
interspersed ; last dorsal segment densely punctured, with a strong
raised line going as far as the articulating base ; apical ventral segment
longer than dorsal, broad, hairy at sides, with a broad apical pointed
projection.

¢. Similar to the 9, except in the usual sexual characters ;
pubescence often whiter than in ?; end of abdomen with eight teeth,
those on the fifth segment being well developed.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301

The punctuation of the penultimate ventral segment in the ? is
diverse in the different species; thus in rufitarsis, Portere and
Apacheorum there are numerous small punctures interspersed among the
large ones ; in menthe, Gilensis and grindelig the punctures are large, on
a shining surface, without little ones interspersed ; in dep/anata, ribis
and mesta the punctures are small and very dense posteriorly, and
larger and well separated on the anterior part of the segment.

Caelioxys ribis, n. sp.

Romeroville, April 29, 1899, at flowers of wild gooseberry (Wilmatte
Porter). (2. Length about t1 mm., rather broad, superficially like C-
grindelia, but the abdomen tapers more rapidly ; the pubescence is white ;
the hair on the eyes is very long (it is very short in grinde/ie@); the
inner orbital margins diverge much more above; the punctures of the
mesothorax are sparser in the middle, leaving some shining surface
between ; the teeth of the scutellum are shorter ; the apical projection of
the last ventral segment is longer and narrower ; the mesothorax is quite
hairy, but has no distinct hair-patches ; the penultimate ventral segment
is dull, roughened with excessively close minute punctures posteriorly,
sparsely punctured anteriorly.

SYNOPSIS OF FOOD-HABITS OF THE LARV OF THE
SESIIDA.

BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, NEW YORK.

The larve are universally borers, but in the choice of food-plants
there is the widest diversity; some bore through and devour solid wood,
as do the larvie of the Cossids ; some prefer the pith of woody stems ;
others are found in the superficial woody layers ; still others affect the
roots of plants both woody and herbaceous, or are sometimes to be found
in the borings made by other insects, as is the case with Alemythrus
tricinctus, Sesia pictipes, S. scitula, and others. The larve are yellowish
or dirty white, beset with only a few short hairs. The head and cervical
shield are chestnut brown. They hibernate in various stages of growth,
but do not overwinter in the pupal stage, as far as the species of the
northern States are concerned. The larve of Jelittia satyriniformis
hibernate fully grown in the cocoons. When fully developed they spin
elongate oval cocoons composed of chips cemented together by a gummy
secretion or silk. . The cocoons are formed in the burrows or in contigu-
ous places.

a2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Boring in trees.

Under bark of trunks some distance from the base or in the branches :

aa iete.o (ateh sks, pte! ole tel sie! o)/rletescmse

w = 5) 0) sus eye ay see 0’ ple) mies) eyes 88) ene) ee. oe oe

Apple; (Pear; a2-).t2). se
Dogwood, Oak, Chestout
Cherry, Plym, Juneberry..
Pine, Redwood (Sequoia)
Pine and Spruce ....

Under bark at base of trunk or main roots :
Peach, Cherry, Plum, Apricot, ete... ...
Peach and Cherry...

Peach; aCherry: 2 hi Sinne » claktotaed aete gaat
In solid wood of trunks : =

Ash. .

SHA

Palket es.

Cottonwood... ae
Cottonwood and Locust.......
Poplar ..

Willow and Ponkies,

Willow...

Willow. .

= ele ee.

In solid Le a at Tae of oe wa roots of trees:

Persimmon...... :
Willow and Poplar..
Willow...

_ Ash, Alder..

Boring in shrubs.

In solid wood:
ac

In pith of stems:
Currant, Gooseberry

In roots :
Blackberry and Raspberry .-
_ Blackberry and ee
Sumac.

Weg ston! Sesia ace ni.

2 pee ‘“ cornt.

8 i Spee
scitula.

“ce

“ec

Paley ek 2 Americana.

“< pictipes.
. Vespamima sequote.
.Parharmonia pint.

...Sanninotdea exitiosa.

“eé

opalescens.

2 Graefii.

. Podosesia syringe.
: Sraxinti.
M. emythrus simulans.

. wLegeria pacifica.

ce

.. Memythrus robinie.

“s Doltit.
eS tricinctus.
. Sesta Bolter.

8 aloidrms:

. Sannina urocertformts.

_Eegeria apiformis.
“ tibtalts.

ar emythrus asilipennts.

. Podosesia syringe.
.. Sesta tipuliformtis.
.. Sesta rutilans.

.Bembecia marginata.
. Melittia gloriosa.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303

Boring in vines and creeping plants.
In the stems :

Squash, Pumpkin, and other Cucurbs...... A/e/ittia satyriniformis.
eee roat ( Mevarrhizsa) 0.0 sve cencsk ss | gloriona.
In roots:
BSRADEWIHC 558s ww se ie suns os RN viens MEEMYLAP US DOLISENS OF NES,
OME MMERS sno See Vasc xv) vie sie Oy tae nies ceeis « ca ow AOE PORE EEL
MMEENE GoS- cn cree ry 2 <hc. 6x xa oh Bae eS mtetnlctn an « way aiel he ae OUR ER ES
Herbaceous perennial plants.
In roots :
MI Wo 5 <n. ope: via ix a 8: pent he Reem tao Vays alae oh OSE REE LEM, Ee
In stem :
OE | a a ANS. he ee Pa eS ey gh
In borings of other insects :
Oak-gall (Andricus cornigerus).......+0.+...Sesta scitula.
Oak-gall (Andricus cornigerus)........+.+ ... “ rubristigma.
MeeUOAE. CAVE OAK 5 saiw'sctt ws = 151. Yiveot abeers,'- nce) BORE
Reem BL COMI 54 se) ws vr (Ga Pond Se WE mm oe ba) MPSA er AE
RemneHY VIGSCMIEEG 262. ess a cide ete =e Oe) ee ES.
Meallet, Soper di: Concolor.... «ies «ss, abs + «08s sn, | OUCOP EIS.
Gall of Saperda concolor ...... ee eevee see Memythrus tricinctus.

NOTES ON COLORADO BEES.
BY E. S. G. TITUS, FORT COLLINS, COLO.

The following table is intended to serve as a means of separating
the species of the genus Agapostemon, Smith, occurring in Colorado :
Body green or blue-green.

A. Abdomen unicolorous with body.

B. Mesonotum with double punctuation.....Texanus, Cress. ?.
BB. Mesonotum with confluent punctures, metathorax longitudi-
ally TUgOSE eo 43. ea aps e's ....radiatus, Say. 2.

AA. Abdomen differing in colour from body.
Bb. Abdomen black.
C. Abdomen yellow banded.
D. With five bands.

E. Last ventral segment with a median
CANNED certs: ois « stots viridulus, Fab. 2.

EE. Last ventral segment without a median
CARMA is sli Gils «4 oun we b CRAIN TERE. G «

304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DD. With six bands... 3)... «1s Fadiatus, .oag ween
CG. Waihowhite hair-bands . 5-2... 02.000 viridulus, Fab. ?.
BB. Abdomen honey-yellow............. melliventris, Cress. ¢.
BBB. Abdomen yellow, with.very narrow black
bands. Sr ae .melliventris, Cress. 7.

The males of raaieens. Tesauus andl vitiaules are hard to satisfac-
torily separate. That portion of the table relating to them has been
formed almost wholly from a study of the excellent paper of Mr. Chas.
Robertson, North American Bees, Desc. and Syns.*, in connection with
the study of the males in the collection of the Colo. Agr’l College.
Specimens of male and female of radiatus, Texanus and°viridulus were
sent to Mr. Robertson, who kindly looked them over and verified or,
where necessary, corrected my determinations.

The following is a list of the specimens now in the College
collections :

Agapostemon viridulus, Fab., 1793.
Thirty-five females ; Trinidad, Ft. Collins and Poudre Caso.
Ten males ; Ponde Canon and Ft. Collins.
Taken on See Taraxicum, Geranium, Opuntia and_ several
Crucifere.
Agapostemon radiatus, Say, 1837.
Two females, Delta ; two males, Montrose and Salida (Gillette), and
one male, Poudre Forks (Laura Armstrong).
Females taken on Salix.
Agapostemon Texanus, Cress., 1872.
Seventy-four females ; Greeley, Lamar, Dolores, Trinidad, Ft. Col-
lins and Rist Canon,
Twenty males; Julesburg (Ball), Greeley, Fort Collins and Rist
Canon. This species has heen taken on Malvastrum coccinium,
Salix, Taraxicum, Geranium and Cnicus.
Agapostemon melliventris, Cress., 1874.
One female at Delta, Colo., 27—v.—o0,.on Salix, by Prof. Gillette.
There are also in the collection a female taken in Mesilla Valley,
N. M., on Solanum, and a male from Las Cruces, N. M., on
Solidago, both from Prof. Cockerell.
Colletes nigrifrons, n. sp. @.
Length, 7-8 mm. Black, rather heavy set ; head broad, clypeus

*Trans. Acad. Sc., St. Louis, VII., No. 14, 1897.

ee ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305

prominent, punctures larger than on rest of face, partly confluent ; face
covered with short black hair ; labrum with a distinct median depression ;
mandibles black, tips rufo-testaceous, notch one-fifth of length from the
blunt tip, strongly grooved without, space between eyes and base of
mandibles not as great as width of latter; antenne short, black, flagellum
deep brown beneath, reaching to line of tegule ; cheeks sparsely fringed
with short, black hair; dorsum of the thorax with short, sooty hair,
some black hair intermixed in spots, disc shiny, sparsely pubescent ;
pleura with black hair ; thorax quite evenly sparsely punctured, post-
scutellum more finely punctured, base of metathorax with transverse
series of pits, triangle shining, not smooth; tegule shining, distinctly
piceous ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma testaceous, marginal
cell very dark, second submarginal narrow at top, third not narrowed
as much as usual in one specimen; legs black with sooty pubes-
cence, tarsi reddish with rufo-testaceous hair, first joint very dark ;
abdomen black, punctured, first two segments shining, white hair-bands
on segments 1-5, on 1 and 2 interrupted, otherwise sparsely pubescent
with black hair, venter with very short black hair.

Described from two females: Ft. Collins, Colo., 6-viii.-96 (Gillette),
and Horsetooth Mt., Colo., 22-vi.-99, on Potentilla. This species differs
from known Colorado species by the black hair on the face and pleura
and the sooty hair on thorax. Prof. Cockerell writes that it is closely
related to C. pascoensis, Ckll., from Washington; but differs by its
smaller size and by possessing hair-bands.

I wish to acknowledge the kindness of Prof. Cockerell and Mr.
Robertson for favours shown me in revising portions of my manuscript,
and for the general help they have given me.

NOTES ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF
TINEID.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

About the time that Lord Walsingham’s valuable paper on Acro-
lophus and Anaphora appeared (Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 137-173),
Mr. Beutenmiiller was working on the same group ; but neither author
has since attempted to recognize the species named by the other, so far
as I am aware. In Prof. Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Amer., 1891, the group
is recognized as a family—Anaphoride—but this can hardly stand. The
genera will fall in the Tineidz, in the more restricted sense (see Walsing-

306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ham, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1897, 139-175). The following synopsis
of genera is from Walsingham, with addition of two genera described
since the original publication :
ANAPHORIN.
Palpi erect or slightly recurved. ©
Veins 8 and 9 of fore wing stalked. he
APL ORCC E Wie 5S pees RN gS a ...Hulepiste.

Paip appressed to heatd:....< . sya te Mae ce ees ee Neolophus.
Veins 8 and g separate.
Antennte bipectimate .0.... 225s <0 Scns sg eree te = oe

Antenne simple or serrate towards apex.
Tarsal joints of hind legs strongly fringed above. .. ZAzysanoskelis.
Tarsal joints not fringed above.

Palpi erect, with separate tufts on each joint...... Ortholophus.
Palpi slightly recurved, uniformly hirsute... ... Psewdanaphora.
Palpi strongly recurved. ¥
Antenne ‘bipectinate.. =... ia... es .6a aa an eee ee x's aoe Felderia.
Antenne serrate throughout.
Veins 8 and 9 of fore wings stalked......... Thy See Cenogenes.
Veins Sand:9, of fore wings Separate... 2..: .. 555 ae Anaphora.
Antenne simple, compressed, or slightly serrate at ends.
Veins 7,and.8 af fore wings stalked... ¢<..2...3 ee Atopocera.
Veins 8 and g of fore wings stalked.
Head with an erect, crest... joes <\. <5 sae 5 spa Urbara.
Head without an erect crest..........-.-...+0 + «« Adppoclopus.

No veins of fore wings stalked.
Palpi roughly clothed throughout.
An erect fringe along lower margin of cell on hind

WR OSB cS eh veer ee reais ne eee eee. ol CLO
No such erect fringe on hind wings..............Acrolophus.
Palpi smooth, the last joint only tufted............Steberhinus.

Genus EuLepistE, Walsingham.
Wals., Trans. Am. Ent..Soc., X., 169, 1882; Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond.,
1887, 142.
Synopsis of Species.
Uncus single, the opposing lower limb not half as long as the upper limb.
Harpes concave, rounded at the endS....5. 02. 25.i. 2-5 neu Cressont.
Harpes concave, obliquely trumcate-abOve... res ~ ec eeeeee maculifer.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307

Uncus single, its opposing lower limb nearly as long as the upper and
stouter.
Harpes nearly flat, the ends bent inward, rounded.......... Cockered/t.
Eulepiste Cockerelii, n. sp.

Paipi upturned in front of the head, free, as high as the vertex ;
male entenne simple, slightly serrated toward the ends ; veins 8 and 9g of
fore wing stalked; thorax and fore wings dark brown-gray, somewhat
grizzled or mottled with darker and with an obscure darker spot at the
end of the cell. Hind wings dark brown ; abdomen gray-brown ; expanse
16mm. One male, Mesilla Park, New Mexico, at light, July 8th (T. D.
A. Cockerell) ; U. S. Nat. Mus., Type No. 4417.

Genus Hypoctopus, Walsingham.
Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 141.

Synopsis of Species.
Uncus single, down curved, broad at base, tip pointed ; harpes broad,
Bumemeti nase. SOtiarcly truncate... <2 ccws sic ties dw ~ sarees griseus.
Uncus double, the two points separate, sharply down curved, the ends
bent outward, enlarged and rounded ; harpes long, narrow and
IIT rn edna Sais. bo ace, x» ren pecs nn RE ods mortipennellus.
Hypoclopus griseus, Walsingham.

Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 144.

Arizona (Morrison, from Lord Walsingham, through C. V. Riley) ;
San Diego, Texas, May g (E. A. Schwarz); Oracle, Arizona, June 28 (E.
A. Schwarz) ; Brownsville, Texas, Apr. 27 (C. H. T. Townsend) ; Wash-
ington, D. C., July 20 (A. Busck).

The Texas specimens are pale, the ground colour an ashy white, on
which the dark specks and streaks show plainly. ‘The specimen from
Oracle, Ariz., is very dark, the black markings predominating.

Hy poclopus mortipennellus, Grote.

Grote, Can. EnT., IV., 137, 1872 ; XVIII., 199, 1886. Wals., Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., X., 167, 1882; Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 150;
quadripunctellus, Beut. (ined.), Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Amer., No. 5057,
1891.

This species, described as Anaphora and placed by Lord Walsing-
ham in Acrolophus, may be removed to Hypoclopus, as a majority of
the specimens have veins 7 and 8 of fore wings stalked, at least on one
side. Of twelve specimens before me, seven have these veins stalked on

308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

both sides, two stalked on one side, separate on the other, and two
separate on both sides, though approximate at base. The form of the
male genitalia is peculiar and exactly alike in both those specimers with
the veins stalked and with them separate. In size and markings they are
also inseparable.

Lord Walsingham remarks about a specimen with veins 8 and 9
stalked, in two places in his article (pages 151 and 155), and refers it in
one place to Neolophus, in the other to Ceenogenes ; but the antenne are
serrate only towards the tip, and the male palpi are strongly recurved, so
that neither of these references seems admissible. -

Texas (coll. Beutenmiller, type of guadripunctellus) ; Texas, Sept.
20 (Belfrage); Central Missouri, Aug. 12 and 15 (coll. C. V. Riley) ;
Kansas (Crevecceur) ; Georgia (coll. Beutenmiiller) ; Texas (coll. Beuten-
muller, labelled ‘“‘compared with type of A. mortipene//a at Cambridge,
Mass.”).

Genus ACROLOPHUS, -Poey.

Poey, Cent. Lep., Cuba, 1832; Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond.,
1887, 147.

Synopsis of Species.
Uncus single, broad at base, the tip sharp.

Harpes slender, concave, obliquely truncate above......... simulatus.
Uncus double. { plumtifrontellus.
With supplementary lateral processes.........:... (cervinus.

Without such processes.
Harpes slender, concave, uniform.

Tips of uncus down curved, separate................ Zexanellus.
Tips of uncus straight, bent only at base, more nearly
ApPpProximatesae'. . Coe seston ts eee eRe eee eae ffulstellus.
Harpes spoon-shaped, narrowed at base.
Uncus with a tooth below at the base........... ( Arizonelius.
! violaceellus.

Acrolophus cervinus, Walsingham.

Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 151; angustipened/us, Beut.,
Ent. Amer., III., 140, 1887 ; Smith’s List Lep. Bor. Amer., No. 5049,
1891.

The genitalia of this form do not differ perceptibly from those of
plumifrontellus, Clem. The moths are smaller, paler and less strongly
marked, somewhat narrower winged ; but’ I doubt the specific distinct-
ness of the form.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309

Florida (coll. Beutenmiiller, type of angustipenellus); Georgia
(coll, Beutenmiller) ; Orange Co., Florida (coll. Beutenmiiller) ; Texas
(Boll. coll. C. V. Riley, identified by Walsingham) ; Columbus, Texas,
June (E. A. Schwarz).

Acrolophus violaceellus, Beutenmiller.

Beut., Ent. Amer., III., 139, 1887.

The genitalia are not very different from those of Arizone//us, Wals.,
though the harpes may be somewhat slenderer. However, the moth
differs in its uniform, unspotted, purplish colour.

North Carolina (Beutenmiiller’s types) ; Iowa (from Dept. Agri-
culture).

Acrolophus Arizonellus, Walsingham.

Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 153.

Arizona (Morrison, from Lord Walsingham, through C. V. Riley) ;
Mesilla, New Mexico, June 25 and July 1 (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Tucson,
Arizona, July 19, 20 and 21 (E. A. Schwarz).

Genus ANAPHORA, Clemens.
Clem., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1859, 261; Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc.,
Lond., 1887, 155.
Anaphora popeanella, Clemens.

Clem., Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1859; 261; Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc.,
Lond., 1887, 161 (references and synonymy) ; Riley, Smith’s List Lep.
Bor. Am., No. 5061, 1891 ; confuse/lus, Beut. (ined.), Smith’s List Lep.
Bor. Am., No. 5056, 1891.

The form confusel/us is smaller than the usual form, the ground
colour lighter and more purplish, the dark marks strongly relieved. In
genitalia there is no marked difference. The form differs from popeanella
about as much as Acrolophus cervinus, Wals., does from A. plumi-
Srontellus, Clem. U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 4os.

Georgia (Beutenmiller’s type) ; Kirkwood, Missouri ? (labelled only
“148 M,” 2. e., Murtfeldt) ; Georgia (A, Oemler, labelled ‘* Anaphora, n.
sp., Wlism., *86”); Georgia (labelled “Anaphora, n. sp., doubtless
=plumifrontellus, C. V. R., 86, with Wlsm.”) ; eight specimens, badly
worn (labelled only ‘‘ 667, Aug., 80, coll. C. V. Riley ”).

Genus FELpeErRIA, Walsingham.
Wals. Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 165.

310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Felderia filicornis, Walsingham.
Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 165; Mexicanel/us, Beut., Ent.

Amer., IV., 29, 1888.

Arizona (Morrison, from Lord Walsingham, through C, V. Riley) ;
City of Mexico (Beutenmiiller’s type of Aexicanellus); Oracle, Arizona,
July 12 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Fort Grant, Arizona, July 20 (H. G. Hubbard) ;
Brownsville, Texas, June ro (C.-H. T. Townsend).

Genus ORTHOLOPHUS, Walsingham.
Ortholophus variabilis, Walsingham.

Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, 169.

Arizona (Morrison, from Lord Walsingham, through C, V. Riley) ;
Arizona (coll. Beutenmiiller) ; Arizona (yellow labels 5, 7 and § marked
‘prob. undescribed,” Wism, 1886); Oracle, Arizona, July 8, ro, 12, 16
and 24 (E. A. Schwarz); Fort Grant, Arizona, July 19, 20 and 22 (H.
G. Hubbard) ; Tucson, Arizona, July 21 (E. A. Schwarz) ; Chiricahua
Mts., Arizona, July 4 (H. G. Hubbard); Mesilla Park, New Mexico,
July 8 and Aug. 13 (T. D. A. Cockerell) ; Texas (coll. Beutenmiuller) ;
Sharpsburg, Texas. May 11 (E. A. Schwarz); Glenwood Springs,
Colorado (W. Barnes) ; Nevada.

Genus PsEUDANAPHORA, Walsingham.

Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc , Lond., 1887, 170; Eutheca, Grote, Bull.
Geog. Surv. Terr., VI., 257, 1881 ; Dyar, Can. ENT., XXVITI., 15, 1895;
Sapinella, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 524, 1892.

Synopsis of sane
Uncus single, long and slender.. ante mes 50 wanes .. Davisellus.
Uncus double, two spines ordiedtine fate a anmned alata ..arcanella.
Pseudanaphora Davisellus, Beutenmiller.

Beut., Ent. Amer., III.,.139, 1887.

Though described as an Acrolophus, this is obviously referable to
Pseudanaphora, from the short erect palpi.

Arizona (Beutenmiiller’s type) ; Fort Grant, Arizona, July 20 (H.
G. Hubbard). .

Pseudanaphora arcanedia, Clemens.
Clem., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1859, 262; Wals., Trans. Ent.

Soc., Lond., 1887, 170 (references) ; Beut., Ent. Amer., IV., 29, 1888 ;
Forbes, 16th Rept., Ill., 98, 1890; mora, Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv.,
VI., 257, 1881; Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., 524, 1892; Dyar, Can. Enr.,
XX VAT 5, 1995-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 311

Rhinebeck, New York (Dyar) ; Rhinebeck, N. Y., July 5 (Miss L. J.
Hoff) ; Fordham, N. Y. (G. Gade); Staten Island, N. Y., June 25 and
July 16 (coll. Beutenmiiller) ; District of Columbia, July 18 (coll. C. V.
Riley) ; Washington, D. C., October 10 (A. Busck) ; St. Louis, Missouri,
issued July 3 (C. V. Riley, breeding No. 2563); Texas (coll. Beuten-
miiller), The specimen taken in October is very dark in colour,
blackish, the markings being only faintly indicated.

NEW COCCIDA FROM CALIFORNIA.
BY EDW. M. EHRHORN, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL,

Xylococcus quercus,n. sp. (Plate 7, figs. 1 and 2.)

£gg quite large, of a light orange colour.

Young /arve dark orange-red, active, body broadly oval, about 7%
mm. long. Legs and antenne light brown, well developed. Antenne
short, 6-jointed. Joint 1 stoutest, joint 6 longest, and joint 4 shortest.
Formula: 651234. Joints 2 and 5 with three bristles. Joint 6 with
numerous long stout bristles. Legs moderately long, with femur quite
swollen. Tarsus longer than tibia. Digitules of tarsus fine hairs ; those
of claw long stout clubs curved upwards. Each segment of abdomen
bears a backward directed short stout spine. On each side of anal
tube is a long fine bristle. Anal tube large, with numerous stout spines.
Stigmatal tubes well developed.

2 second stage, body crimson, shiny, nearly spherical, about 114
mm. long, 1 mm. broad, surrounded by cottony and waxy secretion.
Antenne and legs wanting. Anal tube well developed, producing a
glassy rod, like a stout white hair, rather brittle. Last segment of body
dark brown. When cleared in K. H. O., surface of body finely granu-
lated, more so near caudal end. Stigmatal tubes are large and well
defined. There are numerous spines and gland openings scattered over
the body. :

Q third and fourth stages very similar to second stage, but larger in
each case from the preceding, and varying in the further development of
stigmatal and anal tubes, glands, spines, etc.

Adult 2 head, thorax, legs and antenne reddish-brown, abdomen
blackish-brown, segmentation distinct. There is a distinct constriction
between the thorax and abdomen. Length of body about 5% mm.,
breadth 244 mm., quite convex above. Ventral side of abdomen con-
cave, with revolute margins. Insect quite active. When ready to

pe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

deposit eggs crawls into some crevice and produces a cottony cushion
on which it rests and secretes considerable white cotton over its entire
body. Antenne g-jointed. Joint 1 longest and broadest, next in length
is 2, then joint 9 and then 3. Joints 4,5, 6, 7 and 8 are subequal, and
are a little shorter than 3. Formula: 129345678. Legs long and
stout. Tibia twice as long as tarsus, both very hairy. Claw long and
stout. Digitules fine hairs. -Body sparsely covered with long’ stout
spines, especially along the margin and caudal end. Stigmatal tubes
very prominent. Anal opening simple and quite large.

3$ larva much like that of 2, but narrower and more oblong.

¢d second stage not observed.

¢ third stage like that of 9, but smaller and more elongated.

¢ fourth stage (cast skin) without rostrum. Antenne g-jointed.
Joints 1 and g longest and subequal ; joints 7 and 8 subequal; joints 4
and 6 subequal; and joints 2 and 5 subequal. Each joint with long
‘stout hairs. Joint 9 rounded at tip, with several stout hairs and spines.
Formula: (19)(78)3(46)(25). Legs long and very stout. Femur much
swollen, very little shorter than tibia. -Tarsus 4 of tibia. Claw stout
and curved. Digitules simple hairs. Body covered with long fine hairs.
There are several stout spines on caudal end of abdomen.

¢ pupa, about 214 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, enveloped in a
densely-woven cottony sac about 5 mm. long and z mm. broad.
Thorax, legs and antennz light yellow, abdomen crimson. Wing-pads
very broad. Legs long and stout. Tarsus % as long as tibia. Femur
stout and as long as tibia. No claw. Antenne g-jointed. Joint 1
stoutest. All joints annulated with white and subequal. Formula:
3.(2.9)4.5-6.7(18).

Adult g about 3 mm. long and 1% mm. broad, slightly pubescent.
Colour of abdomen reddish-brown. Mesothorax black, with four raised
knobs. Front part of head black, eyes very prominent, strongly faceted,
black. Legs and antenne black and very hairy. Ventral surface of
abdomen dark brown, segmentation distinct. Mesosternum black, a
small black line on prosternum, and an irregular black patch on meta-
sternum. Abdominal brushes with long stout glassy bristles about 6 mm,
long. Style short, stout and conical. Antenne 1o-jointed, very hairy,
reaching beyond end of abdomen. Joint 2 shortest, joints 3 and 10 a
little longer, and the other joints subequal. Each joint with numerous
hairs. Wings Jarge, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, expanse about

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 313

7 mm., smoky, slightly pubescent, with the costal space blackish-brown.
Halteres resembling small wings with several hooks. Legs long, stout
and very hairy. Femur much shorter than tibia. Tibia about four
times as long as tarsus. Digitules fine hairs. Claw long, slender and
well curved. Digitules short club-shaped hairs.

ffab.—1 found this remarkable insect in May, 1899, on Quercus
chrysolepis in Stevens Creek Canon, near Mountain View, Cal., and
patiently collected the different stages during the year.

Phenacoccus artemisi@,n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 3.)

Adult 2 elongate oval, about 3 mm. long and 1% mm. broad, of a
sage-green colour. Measuring with egg sac 414 mm. Sac loosely
woven without any grooves, eggs lemon-yellow. Legs and antenne
light brown. Body thinly covered with secretion, but not enough to
hide colour of body. Segmentation distinct. When placed in boiling
K. H. O., body turns orange colour, and leaves derm colourless after
boiling. Antenne g-jointed. Joint 2 always longest, joints 5, 6, 7, 8
subequal. Formula: 23914(5678). Joints 1, 7, 8 and g with several
stout hairs. Legs short and stout. Femur about as long as tibia.
Tibia twice as long as tarsus. Claw stout and long, with tooth.
Digitules fine knobbed hairs.

Adult $.—Abdomen yellowish-green, thorax and head dark green.
Thorax marked with black longitudinal lines. Body slightly pruinose.
Antenne and legs light brown. Eyes dark red. Wings more or less
pruinose, very delicate. Antenne very hairy; 1o-jointed. Joint 3
longest, joint 1 shortest and stoutest, joints 7, 8 and ro subequal, joints
2 and g subequal. Formula: 3.4 5.6.(7.8.10)(2.9)1. Legs very hairy,
long and slender. ‘Tibia much longer than femur. ‘Tarsus very short,
less than % of tibia. Claw long and very slender. Digitules fine hairs,

Hab.—On Artemisia Californica. Stevens Creek Canon, near
Mountain View, Cal. August 22, 1899.

Phenacoccus stachyos, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 4.)

Adult 2 about 24% mm. long and 1 mm. broad, convex, tapering
posteriorly, viviparous, of a sage-green colour. Slightly covered with
white secretion, which, when seen through lens, appears as minute white
dots. Segmentation distinct. ‘There are two longitudinal rows of light
brown dots on the meson. ‘The dorsum and margin are thickly set with
long fine iridescent spines, which are deciduous. Legs and antenne light
brown, quite hairy. Caudal filaments short and stout, When placed in

314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

boiling K. H. O., body turns reddish-brown. After boiling, derm becomes
colourless, antennz, mouth-parts and legs remaining light brown.
Antenne long and slender, each joint with a few long fine hairs. Joint 3
longest, next comes joint 2, joints 4 and 5 subequal, joints 1 and 6 sub-
equal, joint 8 shortest. Formula, approximately: 32(45)9(16)78. Legs
long and stout, quite hairy. Trochanter with very long bristle. Femur
a trifle shorter than tibia. Tarsus about % of tibia. Claw long and ~
slender, with tooth. Digitules fine knobbed hairs. Lobes well devel-
oped, with a long seta, and two long fine bristles. Anal ring with six
stout hairs. On each segment of the ventral surface, thorax, and on the
head, there are numerous very long fine hairs, and there are numerous
short fine spines and numerous spinnerets with club-shaped tubes scattered
over the body. Newly-hatched larve orange colour, elongate oval.
Antenne 6-jointed, quite stout. Joint 6 longest, twice as long as 4 +
5; joints rt and 2 subequal, joints 4 and 5 subequal. Formula:
63(12)(45). J.egs short and stout. Tarsus as long as tibia. Rostral

loup extending beyond last coxze. Caudal lobes and set quite
prominent. :

Hab.—On Stachys bullata. San Francisquito Canon, near May-
field, Cal. June 28, 1899.

Phenacoccus bahia, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 5.)

Adult 2 about 4 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, covered with white
cottony secretion, with a distinct ridge of cottony tufts running longi-
tudinally on the meson and two smaller ridges parallel with it. Each
ridge has a large tuft at the cephalic end. Margin fringed with short
broad cottony appendages, getting longer towards caudal end. Legs
and antenne dark brown. Colour of body is greenish-yellow, with a
brown patch on the meson. When boiled in K. H. O., turns crimson at
first, then derm becomes colourless, except a row of dark brown patches
on the body near and running parallel with the margin. These grow
larger caudad. Body is densely covered with round glands and stout
conical spines. Anal ring large, with six long stout hairs and numerous
stout hairs scattered over area surrounding it. Antenne and legs
remain brown. Antenne g-jointed, long and stout. Joint 3 generally
longest, then 5, then 9. Joints 1, 2 and 8 generally shortest. All joints
quite hairy, and joint 9 quite pointed, with numerous hairs. Formula,
approximately : 3.5.9.6.7.4.8.1.2. Legs very long, stout, and thickly
covered with very stout hairs. Femur and tibia subequal. Tarsus about

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315

¥% tibia. Claw very stout and curved, with tooth. Digitules very long
fine hairs.

Immature & much like 2, smaller and lighter colour, about 2%
mm. long, 1% mm. broad. Legs not as stout. Antenne 7-jointed.
Formula: 372(1456).

Sac of g snow white, more or less irregular in shape, no distinct
carinz, about 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad.

Pupa.—When removed from sac, cylindrical, shiny. Outline of
antennz, wing-pads and segmentation distinct. Body more or less
pitted. Colour greenish-brown, about 2% mm. long, 1% mm. broad.
Turns dark red when placed in K. H. O.

Adult $ measuring, without sete, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm.
broad. Setze are about twice as long as body, of a snow-white colour.
Head and thorax dark brown, abdomen greenish-yellow, slightly covered
with white secretion. Head and thorax with numerous stout hairs,
abdomen thickly covered with stout hairs. Antennz very long, stout and
very bristly, 1o-jointed. Joint 2 shortest, very little shorter than 1.
These two joints are about as broad as long, the rest of the joints are
sausage-shaped. Joints 3, 4 and 5 subequal and longest. Formula:
(3-4.5)6.7.8.9.10.1.2. Legs very long and stout and very hairy. Coxa
and trochanter short, latter with very long stout spine. Femur one-fifth
shorter than tibia, tarsus 14 of femur. Claw stout, curved, with tooth
and double spur. Digitules stout hairs extending as far as tooth.
Tarsal digitules fine hairs extending to end of claw. Wings dusky,
pubescent, each about 21%4 mm. long by 1 mm. broad. Halteres com-
paratively small, with two stout, well-curved hooks. Style long, stout
and conical, forming a blunt hook at caudal end. ‘The last abdominal
segment has two groups of round gland openings; on the cephalic
margin of each two very long stout spines arise, which run parallel
caudad. ‘There are also numerous stout hairs surrounding the glands.

Hab.—On Bahia, sp., in foothills near Mayfield, Santa Clara
County, Cal. May 7th, 1899.

Dactylopius quercus,n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 6.)

? slightly covered with white secretion, about 24% mm. long and
1% mm. broad, tapering at both ends. Colour of body greenish-brown,
concealed more or less by secretion. Segmentation very distinct. Each
segment bears a white filament on the margin. Caudal sete about % as
long as body, white and quite stout. Antenne and legs dark brown.

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

When placed in boiling K. H. O., body turns crimson, derm becomes
colourless after boiling. Antennz 8-jointed. Joint 8 longest, joint 7
generally shortest. Formula, approximately: 832(15)647. Each joint
has a ring of stout hairs. Joint 8 has numerous very long hairs. Legs
long and stout, with numerous long fine hairs. Femur about as long as
tibia ; tarsus about a third as long as tibia; claw slender and well |
curved. Digitules long fine knobbed hairs. Anal ring small, with six
fine hairs. Caudal lobes well developed, with very long setz (280).
Groups of spinnerets, conical spines and long slender hairs scattered
over the dorsum.

fTab.—On Quercus chrysolepis, on the leaves and-in cracks of bark.
May, 1899. Stevens Creek Canon, near Mountain View, Cal.

Dactylopius maritimus, n. sp. (Plate 7, fig. 7.)

@ elongate ovai, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad, flattish,
slightly covered with secretion. Colour of body, reddish-brown.
Margin beset with stout, short, white filaments, which grow longer
caudad. Caudal sete about % length of body. Legs and antenne
same colour as body. Eggs orange-yellow. Egg sac well-developed and
has the appearance of Pudvinaria camedlico/a, but smaller—about 5 mm.
long and 2 mm. broad.

Young larve light orange-yellow.

When boiled in K. H. O., 2 turns liquid purple and derm becomes
colourless. Body thickly beset with long slender spines and many round
glands. Each segment has a group of spinnerets on its margin, in the
centre of which are two short stout conical spines. Antenne 8-jointed,
quite hairy. Joint 8 always longest, and joint 4 generally shortest,
although joint 6 sometimes is shorter than 4; again, joints 4 and 6 are
sometimes equal.

The following formulze will assist in determining the species :

82(13)(57)64.
82(13)5(47)6.
8321(57)64.

81(23)57(46).

Legs quite hairy, well developed, long and slender. Trochanter
with long stout spine (128). Femur about as long as tibia. Tarsus
about a third as long as tibia. Claw short and stout. Digitules fine
knobbed hairs. Caudal lobes prominent, with moderately long sete

and two very stout conical spines. Anal ring large, with 6 very long
stout hairs.

ffab.—On Eriogonum latifolium roots on the cliffs at Santa Cruz,
Cal. July, 1899.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 37

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318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7.

Fig. 1.—Xy/ococcus qguercus: adult 9 antenna and leg.

Fig. 2.—Xy/o. guercus: g fourth stage antenna and leg.

Fig. 3.—Phenacoccus artemisie: adult 9 antenna and leg.

Fig. 4.—P. stachyos : a, antenna; b, leg of adult 2; c, antenna of
larva.

Fig. 5.—P. bahia: a, antenna; b, leg of adult 2; c, first 3 joints
of antenna of ¢. :

Fig. 6.—Dactylopius quercus : adult 2 antenna and leg.

Fig. 7.—D. maritimus ; adult 2 antenna and leg.

A QUESTION OF NOMENCLATURE.

The status of Professor French’s Gastrophilus epilepsalis, described
in the September number of this journal, has interested me especially, as
I am preparing a new catalogue of North American Diptera.

I am convinced that it was decidedly premature to assign a specific
name to this larva. In the first place, it was very small and immature,
and the earlier larval forms of Oestridee are much less known than the
later, so that we do not possess the data that would enable us to separate
this species, for instance, from G. mwasa/is. In fact, I do not think
Professor French’s description sufficient for the recognition of the same
stage of the larva at all, unless the specimens were known to have come
from a person affected with epilepsy. It must be remembered that there
is every reason to assume the normal habitat of this species of fly to be
in some other mammal. Its occurrence in man is in the highest degree
unusual. Is it not hopeless, then, to anticipate that specimens taken from
their normal host at some future time will be correctly associated with
this species? And if such a thing could be, would there not be an in-
congruity in the name efi/epsadis ?

The name does not deserve a place in a catalogue, unless in a foot-
note. J. M. ALDRICH.

Moscow, Ida., September 6.
SUDDEN DISAPPEARANCE OF THE PURSLANE SAWEFEY;
SCHIZOCERUS ZABRISKEI.

BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

On page 54 of the current volume of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

I called attention to the sudden and almost total disappearance of this

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319

species at Wooster, Ohio, where it had for several years been excessively
abundant, even up to the latter part of August and early September of
last year, 1899. This abrupt termination of the period of activity was at
the time attributed to the effect of a parasitic species, /chneutes, sp. ?,
which had in the meantime become also excessively abundant.

Aithough the purslane has grown luxuriantly and is unusually abun-
dant this year, so much so that gardeners are complaining bitterly of its
abundance and vigour, up to September but a single female Schizocerus
has been observed, and but a single instance of the work of the larve
noted, though the writer has searched most carefully for both during the
entire season. In fact, it was hoped this year that the full life-history of
the species might be carefully gone over again and completely studied,
but this has unexpectedly been rendered impossible.

BOOK NOTICE.

THE ARGYNNIDS OF NortH AMERICA.—To Mr. Arthur J. Snyder
we are indebted for a paper published in the Occasional Memoirs of the
Chicago Entomological Society, Vol. I., No. 1, 1900, on the much-vexed
question of the Argynnids of North America.

The author follows Doubleday, Westwood, Edwards, Elwes and others
in rejecting the division of the group, made by some systematists, into the
two genera, Argynnis and Brenthis, as he considers this division based on
“hair-splitting distinctions.” In referring to the range of the genus, he is
not quite correct in saying that the group is wholly unrepresented in the
tropics, as one species, A. Hanningtoni, was collected near Mount
Kilimanjaro, in tropical Africa, by the lamented Bishop Hannington,
and was dedicated to his memory by Mr. Elwes.

The author states that he “has on several occasions taken the sexes
of different species 7 coitu, and from personal observations satisfied
himself that the Argynnids are polygamous in their habits,” and a little
further down he says, ‘‘ Artonis and Eurynome cohabit, also Eurynome
and Clio. The same is undoubtedly true of several other species.”

Surely this is a railing accusation to bring against these unfortunate
creatures who have never had it explained to them that they are really
different species and should behave as such, and certainly shows a
sublime faith in the infallibility of the authors who have named these
forms as distinct to which the reviewer, possibly because he was born on
St. Thomas’s day, has never been able to attain,

320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Probably the facts which Mr. Snyder has observed would suggest to
most field naturalists that these slightly differing forms were really only
varieties of one species rather than that this particular group of butterflies
had lost all sense of decency and propriety, which would be especially
shocking in view of one of their number having been named after a
bishop, and apparently our author was led to this conclusion in regard to
some, at least, of the supposed libertines, as will presently appear. -

Mr. Snyder states his opinion that dimorphism occurs among the
Argynnids, and believes “that at least two of our so-called species are
in reality dimorphic males of species previously described,’ but he does
not give the names of these species, which are all males.

The author thinks that a thorough exploration of the territories
where these disputed forms occur will result in revelations that will startle
those who have hastily named new species, but is it not a counsel of
perfection to urge the student of Argynnids “to secure a large series of
species from every locality,” for is not every few miles in every direction
a separate locality ? E

Mr. Snyder reduces the number of supposed species from 64 to 57,
and increases the number of supposed varieties from 10 to 15, but the
only names which he strikes out of the list are Macaria, which he states
is asynonym of Eurynome, and Opis, as a synonym of Clio.

Cipris and Alcestis are placed as varieties of Aphrodite and Bischoff ;
Artonis and Clio are finally referred as forms of Eurynome.

Arge is listed as distinct, but is said to intergrade with Eurynome.

Electa is erroneously given as Electra.

Mr. Snyder groups the forms in six groups, which he designates as
follows:

Diana group, Monticola group, Edwardsii group, Semiramis group,
Eurynome group, and Myrina group, the latter embracing all those which
have been placed in the genus Brenthis, along with Astarte, Doub.-Hew.

This grouping is followed by notes on the individual forms, but the
whole paper shows that much more knowledge is needed before a really
satisfactory revision of the very difficult North American forms can be
made. . to ie

Mailed October ,2nd, 1900,

fe Panauliay ‘Enntomolagist

Vor. XXXIL. } ON DON, NOVEMBER, 1g00. No. 11
CONTENTS.

Gibson—Life-history of Euprepia Caja....... 32r | Dyar—Change of preoccupied names. re e347

Dyar—New species of Anaphorine.......... 326 | Ehrmann—V ariations in some common spe-

Scudder—New or little known Californian | Glesrot Duttertlies.c. 16s Ameena ere ress 348
I RRMIEIEE ret en ree kis sratianid oe setae’ <in\< x's 329 Ashmead— New genus in Aphelininz........ 349

Smith—Species of Acronycta in the British Snyder—Argynnids of N. America........... 350
_ OTS LTT Eos et ere See eoe 333. | Book Notice—Tutt’s British Lepidoptera.... 351

Ball—Additions to Jassid Fauna ........... Zeya Nhs Sas See eiseanod: sueScummaraS 328, 347, 352

THE LIFE-HISTORY OF EUPREPIA CA/JA, L., VAR. AMERT-
CANA, HARR.

BY ARTHUR GIBSON, ASSISTANT, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL
EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA.

On the evening of the 31st July, 1899, while collecting moths at the
electric light, close to the entrance to the Central Experimental Farm, I
was fortunate enough to secure a female of Luprepia Caja, L., var. Ameri-
cana, Harr. I enclosed her alive in a small box over night, and by the
morning she had laid nine eggs. From these eggs five larve hatched, and
as I have succeeded in bringing two of these through all their stages, my
notes may be of interest to some of the readers of the CANADIAN ENTO-
MOLOGIST.

Egg.—Semi-ovoid, about .75 mm. in width, at widest part; pale
yellowish, smooth, shiny.

On the gth Aug. one egg hatched, on the roth two more hatched,
and by the morning of the rrth the last two had emerged. - Before hatching,
the black heads of the young larve are plainly noticeable, and the egg at
this time is a thick milky colour.

Stage 7.—Length at rest 2.25 mm., extended 3 mm. General colour
creamy white. Head .4 mm. wide, jet black, shiny, rather depressed at
apex. Face sparsely covered with minute hairs. On each segment is a
transverse row of black tubercles bearing long hairs, those from tubercles
on dorsum being black, while those from tubercles on sides are silvery.
On 2nd segment in centre of dorsum is one conspicuous black double
tubercle almost extending across the dorsum. ‘Thoracic feet black, pro-

S22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

legs concolorous, rather translucent. Young larvee are very active and
spin a slight web.

On the 14th Aug. two larve passed the first moult, two more on the
15th, and the last one on the 17th Aug.

Stage /7.—Length at rest 3 mm., extended 4 mm. General colour
dirty whitish-yellow. Head.5 mm. wide, jet black, shiny, very slightly
depressed at apex. Face sparsely covered with hairs, which are a little
longer than in last moult. On each segment is a transverse row of shiny
black tubercles bearing long black and silvery hairs. ‘The large black
double tubercle on 2nd segment in centre of dorsum appears as before.
Thoracic feet blackish-gray, prolegs slightly darker than body and rather
translucent. ke

On the 19th Aug. one larva passed the 2nd moult, two more on the
2oth, and the 4th on the 21st, one larva having died on the 18th Aug.

Stage ///.—l\.ength at rest 5.75 mm., extended 6.5 mm. General
colour blackish-gray, with a whitish stripe on dorsum, within which is a
central ruddy yellowish-red line. Head .7-to .8 mm. wide, jet black,
shiny, slightly depressed at apex. A transverse row of irregular shiny jet
black tubercles appear on each segment as before, bearing long blackish
and silvery hairs. Large double tubercle on 2nd segment in centre of
dorsum also as before. On sides of body a stigmatal band occurs, yellow-
ish-white in colour, with a reddish reflection. Thoracic feet shiny, jet
black, prolegs concolorous.

On the 24th Aug. three larvee passed the 3rd moult, and the remain-
ing one on the 25th Aug.

Stage JV.—Length at rest 9 mm., extended 10.5 mm. General
colour black, with the front segments rusty. Head 1.0 to 1.1 mm. wide,
jet black, shiny, slightly depressed at apex. Transverse row of shiny jet
black tubercles on all segments but head ; on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and sth
segments reddish hairs from all tubercles, and also some rather long
blackish and silvery hairs. The hairs on the other segments are all
blackish and silvery, some much longer than others. Dorsal band, and
yellowish-red line centering dorsal band, have entirely disappeared.
Stigmatal band interrupted, whitish, tinted with yellow, very faint.
Thoracic feet shiny jet black, prolegs black, tipped with dull red.

On the 29th Aug. three larve passed the 4th moult, and the remain-
ing one on the 30th Aug.

Stage V.—Length at rest-15.5 mm., extended 18 mm, General

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. By Py

colour black, with front segments rusty, slightly brighter than in last moult.
Head 1.5 to 1.6 mm. wide, jet black, shiny, slight furrow on vertex.
Transverse row of shiny black tubercles on all segments but head. On
the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th segments, as in last moult, reddish hairs from
all tubercles, also some black and long silvery hairs. The hairs from
tubercles on the other segments are all blackish and silvery, the silvery
ones being long and slender ; all the tubercles on dorsal area, including a
series of which there is one tubercle posterior to each spiracle, have a
pearly white patch at summit. This is most conspicuous on the lateral
series—/.¢., the third from the dorsum. Thoracic feet jet black, prolegs
black, tipped with rusty red.

On the 3rd Sept. two larve were swollen, and by the morning of the
4th had passed the 5th moult. The remaining two moulted, one on the
5th, and the other on the 6th Sept.

Stage V7.—Length at rest 24 mm., extended 26.5 mm. General
appearance a black hairy caterpillar, reddish rust colour en 2nd, 3rd and
4th segments. Head 1.9 to 2.1 mm. wide, jet black, shiny, slight furrow
on vertex. Long sweeping silvery white hairs from all tubercles, particu-
larly numerous on segments 5 to 13, inclusive. These segments also
bear short white bristles. On segments 2, 3 and 4 the bristles are a rusty
red, with only one (or two) long sweeping whitish hair from each tubercle
(these rusty red bristles giving the front part of larve the reddish appear-
ance). On segment 5 the lateral tubercles also bear a few rusty bristles.
All bristles below stigmata on each side fawn coloured (in some specimens
almost white). Dorsal series of tubercles black, on segments 5 to 13,
inclusive, lateral and stigmatal tubercles whitish. Stigmata white and
very small. On segments 2, 3 and 4 the dorsal tubercles are whitish.
Thoracic feet and prolegs concolorous, prolegs tipped with a faint rusty
tinge. ‘
On the 18th Sept. two had passed the 6th moult, one having died
after the 5th moult. The remaining one moulted on the morning of the
2oth, but died the same day.

Stage V7/.—Length at rest 32 mm., extended 39 mm. General
appearance a black caterpillar with rusty red sides, and covered with long
sweeping silvery hairs. Head 3.2 to 3.4 mm. wide, jet black, shiny,
bilobed. Face sparsely covered with bristles, those about the mouth-
parts short and rusty in colour, those from upper part of face fewer and
twice as long, and black in colour. On each side of face, on either side

324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of apex of frontal triangle, there is a small shallow depression. The
prominent rusty bristles from dorsal tubercles on segments 2, 3 and 4
have disappeared, with the exception of a transverse patch from tubercles
on 2nd segment, which turn down abruptly over the face, and very few on
3rd segment, all the remaining bristles being black. All tubercles whitish.
Black bristles and long sweeping silvery white hairs from all tubercles
above spiracles. On 2nd and 3rd segments very few silvery hairs ; on
remaining tubercles of dorsal area on segments 4 to 12, inclusive, about 20,
or more, long sweeping silvery hairs. ‘The row of tubercles posterior to
spiracles bear long, bright, rusty red bristles from each tubercle, together
with a few black bristles from upper half of tubercle, and also a very few
long silvery hairs. All bristles below spiracles bright rusty red.
Spiracles white. On the 5thand 6th and 11th, 12th and 13th segments are
two small blackish medio-ventral tubercles and two sub-ventral tubercles
sparsely covered with rusty bristles, the sub-ventral tubercles having more
bristles, which are also longer. The medio-ventral tubercles are close
together, almost touching each other. Thoracic feet shiny, black, tipped
with brownish, prolegs blackish, reddish at ends.

On the gth Oct. the two remaining larve had sie a slight cocoon,
and by the 16th Oct. had changed to pupe.

The cocoon is very thin, made of white, almost cobweb-like silk,
with all the long white and some of the other hairs from larva interwoven.
Pupa is plainly distinguishable through the cocoon.

Pupa.—Length 27 mm., width at widest part 8.5 mm.; black.
Abdomen minutely pitted; thorax and wing-cases wrinkly. Reddish
on abdominal folds between segments. Cremaster rough, short but
broad, hollowed below, terminating with a bunch of about a dozen and a
half short, capitate, rust-red bristles.

On the 16th June, 1900, a single specimen of the mature larva was
found at Cumberland, Ont., to which place an excursion of the Ottawa
Field-Naturalists’ Club was held. The following description was taken:
Length 42 mm., extended 50 mm. General appearance, black cater-
pillar with rust-red sides, rust-red colour on 2nd, 3rd and 4th
segments, and covered with long sweeping silvery hairs. Head, width
3.4 mm., jet black, shiny, bilobed. Face sparsely covered with bristles,
those about the mouth-parts short and rusty in colour, those from upper
part of face fewer and twice as long, and black in colour, On each side

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 325

of face on either side of apex of frontal triangle there is a small shallow
depression. ‘The skin of body is a beautiful deep black velvety colour.
Dorsal tubercles are grayish, with the exception of those on 2nd, 3rd
and 4th segments, which are whitish—all other tubercles are whitish.
All tubercles above spiracles on segments 5 to 13 bear long silvery
hairs from one-half to three-quarters of an inch in length—some tubercles
bear as many as twenty silvery hairs. Besides the silvery hairs, these
tubercles also bear many black bristles about a quarter of an inch in
length. On segment No. z the bristles are all reddish, and many hang down
over the head. On segment No. 3 the bristles are rust-red, with a very
few black ones, and a very few long silvery hairs. On segment No. 4 the
tubercles bear hairs and bristles the same as those on the other segments,
with the exception that they also bear rust-red bristles in numbers sufficient
to give the anterior portion over which these bristles extend a reddish
appearance. The row of tubercles posterior to spiracles bear mostly
rust-red bristles, but there are also a few black bristles and a few
long sweeping silvery hairs. All bristles below spiracles are bright rust-
red. Spiracles white. On the 5th and 6th segments and_ ith,
r2th and 13th segments are two small blackish medio-ventral
tubercles and two sub-ventral tubercles bearing sparse rusty bristles, the
sub-ventral tubercles having more bristles, which are also longer. The
medio-ventral tubercles are close together, almost touching each other.
Thoracic feet black, shiny, tipped with brownish, and bearing sparse,
short rusty bristles. Abdominal feet and prolegs black, shiny, reddish at
ends, and also bearing short rusty bristles.

On the 2zoth June this larva spun a cocoon and in due course
pupated, the moth emerging on the zgth July—length of pupal stage being
about 39 days. In the case of this specimen, the cocoon was much darker
than in those bred in 1899, this cause being largely due to the additional
number of reddish hairs from dorsal tubercles on segments 2, 3 and 4,
being interwoven.

The above two descriptions of the mature larva differ slightly
in some respects, but this in all probability is due to variations which
doubtless occur in the species.

Food Plant.—The larve bred in 1899 were fed on lamb’s-quarters
(Chenopodium album). The one taken this year fed on this plant, as also
on dandelion and plantain.

326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NEW SPECIES OF ANAPHORIN/.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The following apparently new species of Anaphorine have been
received since the paper published in Can. ENT., XXXII., 307, was pre-
pared :

Genus Atopocera, Walsingham.

Wals., Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1897, p. 169.

Lord Walsingham would probably not have proposed this name if he
had been aware of the previous use of the masculine form of the same
term (Atopocerus, Kraatz, Deut. ent. Zeit., XXXII., 360, 1888. However,
the different endings will probably sufficiently distinguish the two genera.

Atopocera Barnesit, 0. sp.

Palpi recurved to near end of thorax, with head and thorax dark
blackish brown ; legs and abdomen dark gray. Antenne simple, some-
what compressed. Fore wings with costa convex, inner margin slightly
excavate before anal angle; dark brownish gray, violaceous, tinted,
mottled, subreticulate with darker brown, and showing faintly a dark
rounded discal dot and irregular quadrate patch on the centre of inner
margin, extending toward base along median vein. Hind wing uniform
dark brown, the base of fringe narrowly lighter. Expansezo mm. Male
genitalia with uncus double, two well-separated sharp spines, roundedly
and but slightly curved toward tip, the opposing lower piece short ;
harpes slender, obliquely ascending, curved, uniform, the tip rounded.

One 6, Kerrville, Texas (Dr. W. Barnes); U. S. Nat. Mus., type No.
5347:
Genus ANAPHORA, Clemens.
In Can. Ent., XXXII., 309, I placed Acrolophus violaceetlus, Beut.,

as a distinct species, but on further comparison I cannot distinguish it
from Anaphora tenuis, Wals.

Lord Walsingham separates ¢enuis by the presence of short supple-
mentary processes in the ¢ genitalia, but this character is so obscure
that I prefer to give the synoptic table in the following form :

Uncus abruptly angulated, .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 327

Points of uncus distinctly separated............ ..popeanella.

Points of uncus closely approximate..............Morrisont.
Uncus curved over.

Points of uncus distinctly separate.

ELRTDES' FOUNGE AL Tipit meee seis et evar ieee ih, as POSES
Harpes oblique below at tip...... .........sacrogaster.
Points of uncus closely approximate.... .........propingua.

Genus NEoLopuus, Walsingham.

Wals., Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1887, p. 141.
Neolophus persimplex, n. sp.

Palpi short, erect, reaching to vertex of head, and closely appressed,
densely hairy, slightly tufted on the joints, the third joint smoother.
Body robust, in size and appearance resembling Psendanaphora davisellus,
Beut., but veins 8 and 9g of fore wings stalked. Antennz subserrate,
especially towards tips. Head and thorax dark gray. Fore wing pale
cinerous gray, mottled with black, heaviest in the centre of the wing, the
dark area forming a quadrate or pointed patch on the centre of the inner
margin, and a diffuse discal patch, becoming merged in the mottlings
along costal edge of wing ; area along inner margin lighter gray. Hind
wings dark gray. Expanse 22 to 24mm. Male genitalia with the uncus
a single long spine tapering from a broad base, obliquely bent downward;
harpes broad, concave, strongly widened at tips, rounded, with a slight
projection on the terminal margin.

Nine examples; Huachuca Mts., Arizona; July 16 to Aug. 23 (Dr. W.
Barnes) ; U. S. Nat Mus., type No. 5343.

Genus ORTHOLOPHUS, Walsingham.
Synopsis of Spectes.
Uncus single.
Harpes slender, uniform in width, constricted near tip....vartabilis.
Harpes broad, spoon-shaped, narrow at base...............piger.

Ortholophus piger, 0 sp.

Palpi erect, reaching above vertex, free from front, rather smoothly
scaled. Fore wings light cinerous, slightly violaceous ; an ochreous shade
over centre of wing, limited inwardly by a black, mottled line from basal
third of costa to above centre of inner margin, and outwardly by a similar
line from below outer fourth of costa to opposite centre of outer margin,

328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

not reaching either margin. Between these lines the ochreous shade does
not reach the costa, and is incised opposite the outer third of inner
margin. Wing sparsely irrorate with black, distinctly along costa and in
the ochreous shade. A group of dark scales on centre of outer margin.
Hind wing blackish, pale along costal edge and extreme base. Expanse
17mm. Male genitalia with uncus simple, gently curved, broadening
toward base ; harpes broadly rounded, spoon-shaped, strongly contracted
at base, tips evenly rounded. ;

Three specimens; San Diego, Texas; May 24 to 26 (E. A. Schwarz);
U. S. Nat. Mus., type No. 5348.

Genus FELDERIA, Walsingham. -
Felderia dersimacula, un. sp.

Pakpi strongly recurved to base of thorax, pale gray before, black
outwardly ; head and thorax dark gray. Fore wing gray, dark on the
costal hadf, more cinereous along internal margin, mottled with dark
brown. A triangular black patch with point on centre of inner margin
and the broadest side on the median vein, joined outwardly to a triangular
discal patch, that is extended in a curved band nearly to. apex, where it
becomes obsolete. Hind wings rather light gray, a little darker toward
the margin. Expanse 24 to 26mm. Male genitalia with uncus single, a
broad triangular plate, tapering rapidly to a point ; harpes slender, rather
flat, long, well curved at base, the tips oblique above.

Nine specimens ; Huachuca Mts., Arizona ; July 24 to Aug. 15 (Dr.
W. Barnes); U. S. Nat. Mus., type No. 5346.

THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF ST. LOUIS.

At the first meeting of the autumn, held on the evening of October
15, sixteen persons present, Mr. Wm. H. Roever, of Washington Univer-
sity, presented an elaborate paper discussing in detail the subject of the
establishment of the method of least squares. Professor F. E. Nipher
presented two papers, entitled respectively Positive Photography, with
special reference to eclipse work, and The Frictional Effects of Railway
Trains upon the Air; and Mr. C. F. Baker exhibited an interesting collection
representing nearly all of the species of fleas thus far known, which he had
prepared for the United States National Museum.

Four persons were elected to active membership.

WILLIAM TRELEASE, Recording Secretary.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 329

NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN CALIFORNIAN ORTHOPTERA.
BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

The species here brought together were most of them collected by Mr.
A. P. Morse, in the summer of 1897, and as they belong to miscellaneous
genera, none of which require special revision, the descriptions are here
collected for publication.

Loboptera americana Scudd.

The single original specimen of this species was taken in Arizona, and
was apparently collected in alcohol, as two fresh specimens taken by Mr.
Morse at Cahon Pass, Cal., July 18, differ in colour and in the shape of
the pronotum, requiring its partial re-description. The pronotum is
fusco-castaneous, only less obscure than the abdomen, very faintly and
‘delicately mottled with luteo-castaneous; it has no mesial constriction
(due in the original specimen to contraction in drying), but a regular
parabolic curve, and is feebly margined laterally. The tegmina are
castaneous, either with the inner half fuscous or with a fuscous median
streak. The antenne are of the length of the body, fusco-luteous,
gradually becoming paler distally, very sparsely and delicately verticillate.
The legs are uniform luteo-castaneous, the spines concolorous. ‘The form
of the whole body is not so oval as indicated in the original figure, but
nearly parallel-sided, the abdomen with an independent fullness, and both
extremities, but especially the posterior, broadly rounded. ‘The figure
also represents the legs as stouter and shorter than they are.

Microres, Gen. nov. (psxporns).

Allied to Spharagemon and Tomonotus. Moderately robust, but of
small size. Head normal, the summit without carination; fastigium
of vertex oval, rather deeply impressed, completely margined with
elevated walls; lateral foveole triangular, a little elongate, but not
reaching the tip of the vertical fastigium ; frontal costa not very broad,
deeply sulcate, subequal but enlarging below; eyes rather small and
prominent ; antenne rather coarse, not tapering, blunt-tipped, in the male
only a little longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum
moderately stout, mesially compressed, the median carina moderately
high, cut only by the principal sulcus, the lateral canthi distinct,
distinctly cut by the principal sulcus and fading in advance of it, the
process of the metazona subrectangulate; interspace between both
mesosternal and metasternal lobes distinctly transverse in both sexes.

930 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGISY.

Tegmina moderately broad, the intercalary vein straight, approximate to
the median vein ; wings crossed by an extramesial fuscous band, cloudy
below the humeral field and in that field sending a tenia nearly to the
base. Hind femora rather broad, the inferior carina less elevated than
the superior, not very arcuate. |

The following single species is known to me:

Microtes nubtla, sp. nov.

Fuscous or cinereo-fuscous. Head ferrugineo-fuscous blotched with
cinereous, the summit more or less rugulose behind the deep and smooth
fastigium ; frontal costa deeply sulcate throughout, not or but faintly
expanded at the ocellus; antenne fusco-ferruginous, punctate, consider-
ably less than half as long as the tegmina. Pronotum fuscous or ferrugineo-
fuscous blotched with cinereous, the lateral lobes with a small central
bright quadrate spot, the disc rugulose or granulate, with no defined
direction to the independent rug, the median carina moderately high
and subequal on the prozona, though somewhat sinuate on a lateral view,
gradually lowering on the metazona. Tegmina cinereous, crossed by
rather broad, often broken, fuscous bands, a broad basal one, a mesial
and a generally shattered extramesial one, the cinereous clouds on either
side the median fuscous band hardly crossing the wing, but clear and
distinct on the costal border, the whole anal area uniform fusco-cinereous;
wings hyaline, weakly tinged with citron basally, the humeral field with a
longitudinal fusco-fuliginous stripe occupying the basal half and a similar
costal stigma, the anal field feebly infumate beyond the middle, especially
in a rather narrow transverse extramesial band, which attains but does
not follow the hind margin. Hind femora cinereo-testaceous, four times
narrowly and obliquely banded with fuscous ; hind tibiz glaucous, with
the base black and a postbasal luteous annulus.

Length of body, ¢, 14.5 mm., 2, 21 mm.; antenne, ¢, 6 mm.;
tegmina, ¢, 15 mm., 2, 19.5 mm.; hind femora, ¢, to mm., 2, 13 mm.

4 ¢,1 2. Monterey, Cal., July 16. R. W. Doane (Mus, Leland
Stanford Jr. University).

Trimerotropis gratiosa, Sp. Nov.

Allied to Z: facifica. Robust, cinereo-testaceous, rather feebly
marked with fuscous. Head as in Z: pacifica, with rather more
pronounced margins of the fastigium of the vertex and more sulcate
frontal costa; antenne testacéous at base, beyond fusco-testaceous,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 331

annulate with fuscous. Pronotum robust, generally uniformly testaceous
or cinereo-testaceous, rarely longitudinally striped with fuscous, and then
the lower part of the head and lateral lobes are pallid; median carina
distinct, percurrent, though the prozona, especially in the female, has a
prominent median tuberculous swelling ; lateral carine sharp and pro-
nounced, even distinct on the prozona; disk of metazona generally
plane, sometimes feebly rounded, densely punctate, the process obtus-
angulate in both sexes; lateral lobes terminating behind in an inferior
pointed process, as in Z: pacifica, but placed more completely at posterior
margin. Tegmina, as in 7: pacifica, but with the markings less pro-
nounced, sometimes almost wholly wanting ; hind wings feebly washed
with citron in basal half, beyond hyaline, but with the apical veins and
cross-veins fuscous (more deeply than in Z! jacifica) and generally
with feeble remains of a transverse mesial fuscous band like that of
T. pacifica, but never continuous and generally altogether confined to the
infuscation of some but not all of the veins and cross-veins of that region,
and rarely shows the added infumation of some of the cells. Hind
femora and tibiz as in 7: pacéfica, the former quite as heavily marked.

Length of body, ¢, 28 mm., 2, 35 mm.; antenne, ¢, 15 mm., ?,
13-5 mm.; tegmina, ¢, 26.75 mm., ¢, 31.5 mm.; hind femora, g, 15.5
mm., 9, 18.5 mm.

eae.) Ceres, Cal., Aug. 17. (Az Morse:.

This species differs from 7: fpacifica by its more widely angled
pronotal process, robuster and more angulate pronotum, the protuberance
of the prozonal disk, and the almost complete, sometimes complete,
absence of a band on the hind wings.

Dichopetala brevicauda, sp. nov.

Pale testaceous, the upper surface of head and pronotum tinged with
flavous, which. terminates on the posterior part. of the pronotum at a
rectangular bent line of reddish points, its angle at the posterior margin ;
lateral lobes obscurely marked with fuscous. Pronotum constricted just
behind the front margin, emarginate posteriorly next the lower
margin of the tegmina; these are testaceous, overlapping, about
as long as broad, not truncate, but angulate. All the legs, but
especially the hind pair, very long uniform testaceous. Ovipositor
no longer than the pronotum, both margins serrate on distal half, besides
which the sides of both valves of the same portion bristle with raised rufo-
fuscous serrations, arranged linearly and gradually fading baseward,

a ae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Length of body, 15 mm.; antennz, 43 mm.; pronotum, 4 mm.; fore
femora, 9 mm.; hind femora, 22 mm.; ovipositor, 4 mm.
1 ¢. Cahon Pass, Cal., July 18. A. P. Morse.

This species differs distinctly from the species heretofore known in
the brevity of the ovipositor, and the overlapping of the female tegmina.

Arethea consuetipes, Sp. Nov.

Green, the pronotum sometimes testaceous, the basal half of the
male tympanum testaceous, but without other markings. Tegmina just
surpassing the hind femora, the radial vein sending five or six branches to
the posterior margin; tympanum of male tegmina produced, lanceolate,
as long behind the transverse vein as in front of it, rounded at tip ; legs
shorter than common in the genus, the fore and middle femora rectangu-
larly produced at tip.

Length of body, 16 mm.; pronotum, 4.75 mm.; tegmina, 25 mm.;
wings, 29.5 mm.; hind femora, 21 mm.

2 ¢3~ indiot Cals July 9: “Av Pe Morse

This species differs markedly from the others in the relative brevity
of the hind legs. The pronotum lacks the selliform aspect found in the
other species, and this species should perhaps be generically distinguished
from them.

Clinopleura flavomarginata, sp. NOV.

Testaceous or fusco-testaceous, marked and sculptured quite as in
C. melanopleura, but with the infuscation of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum either wanting or much less pronounced, and the lateral caring
of the pronotum, if anything, less distant. The legs, and especially the
hind legs, are longer (the hind femora longer than the body), and the
anal appendages of the male differ in that the cerci have a much shorter
incurved apical hook, much shorter than the body of the cerci themselves,
and the infragenital plate is apically truncate and not emarginate.

Length of body, ¢, 23 mm., 2, 25.5 mm.; pronotum, gf 9, 6.75
mm.; hind femora, ¢, 25.5 mm., 2, 26.5 mm.; ovipositor, 1g mm.

5 6, 6 9.. Ahwanee, Aug. 15; Ceres, Aug. 17; and Raymond,
Cal., Aug. 16; A. P. Morse. Calaveras, Cal.; Riley. Other specimens of
this species are in the U. S. National Museum.

Specimens of C. me/anopleura were taken by Mr. Morse at Teha-
chapi, Cal., Aug. 3. :

TUE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333
NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF ACRONYCTA IN THE BRITISH
MUSEUM.
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, N. J.

Nothing is mcre aggravating than to be compelled, soon after com-
pleting a monographic work, to make changes in the nomenclature and
synonymy ; yet this is the purpose of this paper concerning the genus
Acronycta, which was monographed by Dr. H. G. Dyar and myself in
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI., pp. 1-194, 1898.

It was explained in the introduction to this paper that, because of its
interesting early stages, the late Dr. C. V. Riley had been, for years,
accumulating material for a thorough study of Acronycta ; therefore I had
made no effort to become closely familiar with the species. Some time
before, Dr. A. G. Butler, of the British Museum, attracted in the same
way by the larval difference, had divided the species among several genera,
referred to several families ; allowing superficial and secondary characters
to mislead him, as he has since admitted. In 1886, while arranging the
Grote material, Dr. Butler made comparisons with other types in the
Museum, the results of which were published in 1887 in “ Entomologica
Americana.”

When, in 1891, I examined the British Museum collections, the
species of Acronycta were still scattered among several families, and, rst,
because Dr. Butler had already made comparisons and published results ;
2nd, because Dr. Riley had made comparisons, the results of which were
not yet published, I decided to make no original notes myself. I called
attention to this point in my Catalogue, Bull. 44, U. S. N. M., p. 35,
where I accepted nearly all of Mr. Butler’s synonymical references.

In 1900 I had another opportunity to examine the British Museum
collections, and the results are here given.

Acronycta- felina, Grt. Type and one other specimen so labelled,
Three examples from Vancouver are different. There are ‘‘ types” also
in the Edwards and Tepper collections, which are much darker than the
B. M. type. The latter is quite a light gray, basal streak to place of t. a.
line ; not furcate at tip. ‘T. p. line distinct. Reniform a dusky lunule.
In my revision I have described as the typical form the examples repre-
sented in the American collections.

Acronycta lepusculina, Gn. The type of this species is not in the
collection. Three distinct forms are grouped under this specific name.

Acronycta insita, Walk. ‘The type is a female, and very much

334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

resembles at first sight the male type of dacty/ina. My identification of
this species is correct.

It may not be quite out of place to say that additional material
received in 1899 makes it quite certain that the form named, tentatively,
Canadensis,on p. 57 of the Revision, is really a good species.

Acronycta innotata, Gn. The type is a male.

Acronycta dactylina, Grt. The type is a somewhai crippled male.

Acronycta contacta, Wik. The type is a female, and Mr. Grote
rightly refers it to Podia. The reference of diffusi/is as a synonym is just
a little doubtful ; a point to which I will recur in a later paper.

Acronycta sperata, Grt. Types male and female are here. There is
also an example marked ‘‘ type” in the Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.

Acronycta tota, Grt. The type is a male.

Acronycta pallidicoma, Grt. The type is a small female.

Acronycta impressa, W\k., type; Acronycta fasciata, Wl|k., type; and
Acronycta Verrillii, Grt., type: these are all the same species, and are
what Mr. Grote called d7umosa. There istalso a “type” of Verrr/dii in
the collection of the American Entomological Society.

Acronycta distans, Grt. The type is a male.

Acronycta superans, Gn. The type is a poor female.

Acronycta brumosa, Gn., type, is the same as A. persuasa, Harv.,
type, and the same as a male example of A. /onga, Gn., which is wo? the
type. There is nothing to warrant the belief that /onga was named by
Guenée himself, and, as I have shown, the description fits closely to
xyliniformis, On the other hand, Mr. Butler was correct in uniting
brumosa and superans, and I was wrong in connecting drumosa with
subochrea. It seems likely that there was a mix-up among the larve
described by Guenée, and that in this case an erroneous adult was placed
with a swbochrea larva.

Acronycla perdita, Grt. The type is a male.

Acronycta extricata, Grt. The type is a male.

Acronycta subochrea,Grt., type. A good species, and not ¢mp/eta,Wlk.

Acronycta impleta, W\k., type. Subochrea, Grt., is not to be associ-
ated with this species ; but, on the other hand. Zuteccoma, Gig R:; +18}
without question, the same species.

As a result of these notes, Acronycta brumosa inthe Revision, p. 117,
should read subochrea, and corresponding corrections should be made
whenever the species there described under that name is referred to,

THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 530

Luteicoma, G. & R., on p. 152, should read zmpleta, Wl1k., and
further corrections to be made as in preceding instance

Persuasa, Harv., must be replaced by drumosa, Gn., and corrections
made as before.

Acronycta hamame/is, Gn., type, is a very dark, powdery form, and
is the form named afficta by Grote; not at all the species heretofore so
named in our collections.

Acronycta affiicta, Grt., not the type; but so named by Mr. Grote,
and like the species so recognized in American collections. This is the
same as A. hamame/is, Gn., which is also the same as drumosa, var. 6 of Gn.
This will explain why Guenée describes the larva of drumosa for ham-
amedis. He had evidently mixed up three species ; a very dark form of
what we call Aamamed/is being easily confused with afficta. At all events,
I cannot find any difference between type specimens of Aamame/is, Gn.;
brumosa, var. 6., Gn., and afficta, Grt. The latter name on p. 127 of the
Revision must be replaced by Aamame/is wherever the species there
described is referred to; while Aamame/is, Gn., on p. 141, is really
unnamed, and may be called ¢uc/ara.

Acronyctahaesitata,Grt.,type. A good species,and not c/arescens,Gn.

Acronycta clarescens, Gn., type. This is the species which was so
named in American collections by Mr. Grote, and Mr. Butler was altogether
in error in associating it with hamame/lis (haesitata). I was the more
ready to accept Mr. Butler’s determination because the description does
really apply to Aaesttata more nearly than to the species for which it is
actually intended. At all events, Zaesitata, Grt., must be restored, and
clarescens, Gn., must be again transferred to the species so long
known as such, and now listed as pruzz.

Acronycta dentata, Grt., type.

Acronycta increta, Morr. A specimen marked “type” in Mr. Grote’s
handwriting is in the collection. Associated with it are three examples
of inclara—i.e., hamame/is, Auct., nec. Guenée.

Acronycta dissecta, Grt., type. There is also a type specimen in the
collection of the American Entomological Society. The type of xefardata,
Wlk., which has priority, is in the collection of Entomological Society of
Ontario.

Acronycta exilis, Grt., type ; A. modica, W\k., type. These seem to
be alike ; but there is perhaps a question. The type of exz/is is the

small, light form, with much yellow in the cell and over the ordinary
spots; the type of modica is as large as ovata, but not so sharply

336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

marked, the secondaries dusky. ‘Four other examples of modica are
broader winged than ex//:s. Based upon these specimens only, the two
names would seem to refer to distinct species ; but, in the series before
me when I wrote, I failed to find a reliable character to separate them.

Acronycta spinigera, Gn., type; A. Harveyana, Git., type. These
are identical. ‘here seems to be no reason for doubting the authenticity
of the type label on Guenée’s: species and, as pointed out in the
Revision, the description is thoroughly applicable.

Acronycta ovata, Grt., type. Another type specimen is in the
collection of the American Entomological Society.

Acronycta albarufa, Grt., type. The type of Wadkeri, Andrews, is, I
believe, in the possession of Mr. John Akhurst, of Brooklyn.

Acronycta grisea, Wik., type. The type of pudoyata. Morr., is in
the Tepper collection, now in the possession of the Michigan Agricultural
College.

Acronycta lobelia, Gn. The type is a small and not very character-
istic specimen without fringes.

Acronycta thoracica, Grt. The type is a female, placed in the
collection under the /ode/i@ label as identical with it ; but the species are
distinct. :

Acronycta paupercula, Grt. The specimen is of the larger form of
the species. ‘

Acronycta fatcula, Grt., type. Two examples of yrisea are errone-
ously associated with this.

Acronycta parallela, Grt., type.

Acronycta quadrata, Grt. The type is a female.

Acronycta connecta, Grt. The type a male.

Acronycta Radcliffet, Harv. Marked ‘‘ type” in Mr. Grote’s hand-
writing.

Merolonche spinea, Grt. The type is a female. Another exansple,
also labelled “type,” is in the Hy. Edwards collection.

Acronycta lanceolaria, Grt., type; Acronycta insolita, Grt., type.
The former is a good example, the latter a very poor male: /anceolaria
I had seen at the time of writing the Revision; but ¢zsod7ta was then
unknown to me. During the winter of 1899-1900, Dr. Dimmock sent me
a few specimens from Massachusetts for determination ; among them
was izso/ita, and, much to my surprise, examples indicating that it was a
very dark form of /anceolaria. The two extremes are totally unlike—
very pale ashen or whitish gray on the one hand, almost black on the
other, yet when the black overlay of ¢wso/ita is removed, /anceolaria
appears and, of an example now in my collection, it is almost impossible
to say where it should be placed.

The material is too scant to make the reference positively ; but it is
a little problem for our New England friends to solve by breeding. The
larva has been found by Mr. Kirkland and is described on p. 172 of the
Revision. It feeds on Willow, Comptonia‘and Gaillardia.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ADDITIONS TO THE WESTERN JASSID FAUNA.
BY E. D. BALL, FORT COLLINS, COLO.

Thamnotettix chiragrica, n. sp.—Form and size of Z: parallela
nearly, superficially resembling Crcadula punctifrons, var. Americana.
Length, 6 mm.; width, very nearly 2 mm.

Vertex twice wider than long, half longer on middle than against
eye, disc convex slightly sloping, rounded to the face, front very broad
and short, width at base and length about equal, the disc convex. Pro-
notum a third longer than the vertex, over twice wider than long ; elytra
long, almost parallel margined to the apex, venation distinct, apical cells
short, their bases truncate, the anteapicals long.

Colour: vertex pale greenish vellow, a pair of round black spots on
the posterior margin, slightly nearer the eyes than to each other, a pair
of larger, quadrate spots between the ocelli and the eyes, face pale
yellow, a few dark arcs on upper part of front, the upper bounding pair
crescentiform uniting on the tip of the vertex, a pair of black spots
above the antennal sockets and a black band margining the eyes below.
Pronotum olive, shading to yellowish in front, a pair of approximate
median spots on the anterior submargin, a Jarger pair against the eyes
and a pair of dots just inside the latter, on either side, black. Scutellum
pale yellow, a pair of round spots on the disc and a larger, triangular
pair just within the basal angles, black. Elytra dark fuscous, the veins
and margins milk-white in sharp contrast. Below pale yellow; ovipositor
and spot on the last segment black.

yenitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female three times the
length of the penultimate, the lateral margin roundingly narrowing, the
posterior margin roundingly emarginate, the disc posteriorly striated, the
middle half angularly elevated.

Described from a single female from Phoenix, Ariz. This is so
distinct and easily-recognized a species that there can be no danger in
describing it from the single specimen.

Thamnotettix Osborni, n. sp.—Form and general appearance of
Kennicottii, but smaller and lighter coloured. Length, 5 mm.; width,
1.25 mm.

Vertex longer and narrower than in Kennicottii, less than twice as
wide as its midcle length, disc convex, evenly rounding to the front ;
front long and narrow, scarcely narrowing until just at the clypeus, gene
scarcely angled, extending below the lore.

338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Colour very similar to Cogui//etti, vertex and face pale creamy washed
with orange, ocelli and an irregular spot on either side the vertex at the
base, fulvous. Pronotum pale orange fulvous, a narrow transverse band
on the middle. Scutellum yellow, brownish or fuscous triangular spots
within the basal angles. Elytra fulvous, the anterior half of the corium
subhyaline, veins on clavus and the sutural margin narrowly white, claval
suture broadly white, with the band on pronotum forming a long triangle,

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of female half longer than
penultimate, posterior margin broadly rounding, sharply notched either
side of a strap-shaped, produced, median tooth; male valve small, almost
concealed beneath the large ultimate segment ; plates narrow, triangular,
the sides convex at base, nearly straight beyond.

Described from a number of specimens taken at Fort Collins and
Wray, Colo., and Kimball, Neb. This species is the western represen-
tative of Kennicottiz, with which it has formerly been confused. It may be
distinguished by its smaller size and lighter colour as well as by the
distinct genitalia. 2

Thamnotettix Heidemanni, n. sp.—Form of Cockere//i nearly, but
smaller, the head broader and blunter. Grayish green sprinkled with
blood red dots. Length, 4 mm.; width, 1-1.25 mm.

Vertex very slightly angled in front, twice wider at base than its
middle length, transversely depressed posteriorly, passage to the front
rounded, ocelli rather distant from the eyes, front parallel margined until
below the middle, then regularly narrowing to the clypeus, pronotum
scarcely twice the length of the vertex, elytra together wedge-shaped. —

Colour: vertex and face pale yellow, sutures and about five short
arcs on the front fuscous, pronotum pale olive, the anterior margin
lighter, scutellum yellow, and orange spot inside each basal angle.
Elytra milky subhyaline with a greenish cast, the black tergum showing
through. Whole upper surface and face minutely dotted with blood red.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female two and one half
times as long as the penultimate, the posterior margin broadly rounding
or slightly produced on the middle third; male valve small, rounding,
about half the length of the ultimate segment, plates broad at base,
almost circularly rounding and then extending as a pair of style-like
points, pygofers long, tubular, oblique, equalling or exceeding the plates.

Described from eighteen specimens from Cerro Summit and Alder,
Colo., both high mountain points. ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339

Thamnotettix Cockerel/i, n. sp—Form and general appearance of
Kennicottii nearly, with indistinct red mottlings. Length, 5-6 mm.;
width, 1.5 mm,

Vertex more than twice wider than long, very little produced in the
middle, bluntly angled, with the front transversely depressed behind the
middle ; face parallel margined to below the antenne, then narrowing to
the nearly parallel-margined clypeus; elytra rather long and strongly
appressed behind.

Colour: vertex, face, anterior margin of pronotum and scutellum
pale yellow, disc of pronotum and elytra grayish brown with a strong
coppery reflection, the whole insect mottled with blood red, veins on
elytra light, sutures of front black-lined.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female very long, nearly
as long as the pygofers, posterior margin broadly and evenly rounding ;
male valve short, rounding, plates broad at base, evenly rounding to
beyond the middle, then produced as acute style-like points, the lateral
margin, especially of the points, heavily fringed with stout hairs ; a dark
line just inside the margin at the base.

Described from numerous specimens from Ward, Rist Canon,
Marshall Pass, and Palmer Lake, Colo. Taken from well back in the
foothills up to 9,500 ft.

Thamnotettix perexigua, n. sp.—Resembling Ch/orotettix lusoria
and zecopina, but without the fulvous colour. Length, 8 mm.; width, 2 mm.

Vertex but little longer on middle than at the sides, roundingly
angled, transversely depressed across the disc ; front broad, only slightly
convex in either diameter; clypeus long, slightly constricted in the
middle ; pronotum with the lateral margins long, humeral margins short ;
elytra long, strong, scarcely narrowing behind. |

Colour: Vertex and face slightly greenish-orange, a spot above and
another below each ocellus, a waved line along the anterior margin of the
vertex, broken in the middle, fuscous ; pronotum with a little more of the
green than the vertex; elytra a bright greenish-yellow, subhyaline,
showing the dark tergum ; below bright yellow.

Genitalia: Male valve very short, one-third the length of the
ultimate segment, a blunt tooth in the centre ; plates long, compressed, a
furrow running obliquely through each one, the part outside the furrow
curving up and forming a somewhat boat-shaped organ ; at the apex of

340 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

each plate is a Jong filament-like appendage resembling that commonly
met in Scaphoideus.

Described from a single male specimen from Cuernavaca, Mex.
(O. W. B.)

Chlorotettix tunicata, 0. ‘sp.—Form and general appearance of
Balli, vertex as in galbanata. VLength, 7 mm.; width, 1.25 mm.

Vertex half longer on middle than against eye, twice wider than long,
disc convex, front and vertex evenly rounded except at apex, which is
slightly conical.

Colour pale green, Sipe subhyaline, greenish.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of female -half longer than
penultimate, lateral angles rounding, posterior margin roundingly emar-
ginate, one-third the depth of the segment, sometimes slightly notched in
the middle, either side of which there is a brown cloud ; male valve broad,
slightly longer than the ultimate segment, obtusely angulate, plates broad
at base, roundingly narrowing to a very obtuse, almost truncate, apex,
together the shape of a blunt-pointed spoon,*convex below with a marginal
fringe of coarse spines.

Described from three females and three males from Onaga, Kan.
(Crevecouer). This species may be readily separated from any other
described by the male plates.

Chlorotettix nudata, n. sp.—Resembling sto/ata in form and colour ;
the vertex is more angled and the fulvous reflection less prominent.
Length, 7.5 mm.; width, nearly 2 mm.

Vertex twice longer on middle than against eye, slightly conically
pointed, front shaped as in Zwsor7a, lore long and narrow. Elytra long,
slightly flaring in the middle, appressed behind.

Colour: pale green, an orange cast on face and vertex, a slightly
brownish or fulvous cast on pronotum and elytra, elytra subhyaline, the
nervures indistinct.

Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of the female very short, scarcely
as long as the penultimate segment; posterior margin divided into four
lobes by a narrow slit in the middle and a pair of broad, shallow notches
a little more than half way towards the sides, the margin thin, the plates
visible at the base of the pygofers ; male valve narrow, obtusely angular,
as long as the ultimate segment, plates broad at base, three times the
length of the valve, gradually narrowing to the acute slightly produced
tips. :

TUK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 341

Described from one female and one male from Ames, Iowa. Readily
separated from any of the species with angled vertices by the genitalia.

Cholorotettix stolata, ». sp.—Form and general appearance of Zusoria
slightly narrower and without the mark on the vertex. Length 7-8 mm.;
width 1.5 mm. Male slightly smaller.

Vertex nearly flat on disc, rounding anteriorly, one.third longer on
middle than against eye, twice wider than long, front convex line between
vertex and front distinct, ocelli prominent, transparent, distant from eyes 5
elytra long and very narrow, venation as in Zwsoréa, indistinct.

Colour : vertex pale yellow, sometimes with a greenish cast, pronotum
olive, the disc with a fulvous cast ; elytra hyaline green, with an iridescent
fulvous tinge.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female very long, truncate
posteriorly or very slightly emarginate, the centre with a brown mark ;
male valve as long as the last ventral segment, the apex rounding, the
margin notched at the middie, plates rather narrow at base, rapidly
roundingly narrowing to before the middle, then extending as long
attenuate finger-like points.

Described from three females and one male from Cimmaron, Col.
Taken in a mountain valley. The genitalia of both male and female are
very much like those of znico/or, while in shape of head and general
appearance it is closely allied to /usoria and nudata.

Lonatura nebulosa, n. sp.—-Form and size of sa/sura nearly, resembles
noctivaga, but with shorter ovipositor and longer elytra. Length, ? 3-5
mm., ¢ 3 mm.; width 1.25 mm.

Brachypterous form: vertex slightly convex, one-fourth wider than
long, nearly twice ionger on middle than against eye, not quite so long as
the pronotum ; front !onger and narrower than in noctivaga, resembling
megalopa ; elytra covering all but two segments of abdomen, evenly
rounding behind ; venation rather weak, not reticulate.

Colour : vertex dirty straw, a pair of large angular black spots back
of the point of the vertex, connected outwardly with a pair of slightly
smaller round ones just inside the ocelli ; back of these is an interrupted
transverse brown band, a brownish fuscous spot against each eye, inside
of which is an oblique, olive dash ; pronotum pale olive and straw, with
a pair of brown spots on the anterior margin equidistant from the median
line and the eye, elytra subhyaline, the veins on the inner half milky-

342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

white ; abdomen straw colour, with a transverse row of fusccus dots on
the middle of each segment, pygofers with a black mark above.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female as long as the
penultimate, the posterior margin slightly rounding, the disc strongly
elevated ; male valve very small, rounding, plates triangularly narrowing
half their length, then produced ‘into biuntly-tipped points, the margin -
fringed with long hairs. pee

Described from a single pair taken at Fort Collins, Colo. The four
large black spots in a row on the margin of the vertex will readily dis-
tinguish it from any but zoctivaga, from which the smaller size, narrower
face and longer elytra will at once separate it. .

Lonatura noctivaga, n. sp.—Form of sa/sura, but larger. Pale straw
colour, with four black spots on the vertex and two on the elytra.
Length, 9 5.5 mm., ¢ 4 mm.; width 1.5 mm.

Brachypterous form: vertex slightly obtusely angled, one-fourth
wider than long, two-thirds as long against.the eye as on middle ; face
broad, slightly convex, front almost as broad as long, parallel-margined to
the antennz, then rapidly narrowing, to the long parallel-margined clypeus.
Pronotum transverse, scarcely as long as the vertex. LElytra short,
obliquely truncate, covering only the first two abdominal segments.
Venation obscure, reticulate, especially along the clavus and apical margins
of corium.

Colour: vertex creamy white ; a pair of black spots just back of the
apex, and a large pair between these and the ocelli, the median line, an
oblique dash on either side of the disc, and some irregular marks against
the eyes, olive. Pronotum creamy, with four olive stripes. Elytra
creamy, or olive, with light veins ; a black spot on the posterior margin,
and sometimes another between this and the scutellum. Abdomen
creamy, with olive stripes, or dark olive with creamy stripes.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female half longer than
the penultimate ; lateral margin roundingly narrowing ; posterior margin
truncate or slightly emarginate, with a slight, triangular, median tooth ;
ovipositor very long, extending beyond the pygofers ; male valve short,
rounding ; plates long, acutely triangular, the .lateral margins slightly
concave, fringed with a single row of stout hairs.

Described from numerous specimens from Stratton, Neb.; Lamar, and
Fort Collins, Colo, : :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 343

Deltocephalus caperatus, n. sp.—Resembling Weedi, but with less
flaring elytra; anterior half of vertex black, with a white cross upon it.
Length 3 mm; width 1.25 mm.

Vertex slightly obtusely angled, slightly wider than its median length,
one-third longer on middle than against eye, rounding to the front with a
slightly produced apex ; front convex, rather narrow, lateral margins
rounding to the broad clypeus, suture between clypeus and front indis-
tinct ; elytra rather broad and stout, broadly rounding behind ; venation
strong, the central anteapical cell divided, outer sector of clavus tied
before the middle of the claval suture.

Colour: vertex, posterior half pale yellow, with a fuscous dot against
eye, anterior half shining black, with a strong white cross in the middle,
the tip of the cross in a round white spot on the apex of the vertex, the
lateral arms also ending in round spots; ocelli in white spots, a yellow line
against each eye connecting them with the yellow posterior half of the
vertex. Pronotum and scutellum olive, with slightly fuscous markings.
Elytra olive subhyaline, the veins broadly white, distinct, narrowly fuscous
margined. Face black above, with light arcs, lighter below, a dark band
along the apex of front, a stripe on the clypeus, which widens apically ;
sometimes fuscous margins on lore and gene.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female twice longer than
penultimate, the lateral margins strongly emarginate from the base, the
lateral angles rounding, posterior margin twice incised, forming three
rounding lobes; beneath the ultimate segment, and visible as a triangular
lobe at each lateral angle, is a second membrane as in compactus.

Described from three females ; one each from: Ray, Colo.; Stratton,
Neb, and Ames, Iowa. Readily recognized by the white cross in a black
field.

Deltocephalus comatus, n. sp.—Form and general appearance of
colonus, Uhl. Pale green, with dark spots on vertex, pronotum and
scutellum. Jength 3 mm., width 1 mm.

Vertex slightly wider than long, obtusely angulate before, but little
longer on middle than at eye ; eyes long and narrow, pronotum longer
than vertex ; over half its length within the anterior curve ; face rather
narrow, rounding; gene narrow, straight beneath the eyes. Elytra
slightly longer than abdomen ; venation of the weak nigrifrons type.

Colour: vertex pale yellow, a pair of large round spots on the anterior
margin near the eyes, a small approximate pair at tip, another pair of small

344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ones against the eyes, just within the posterior angles, and an oblique dash
on either side the disc, black. Pronotum olive, becoming yellowish
anteriorly, a pair of elongate spots on the anterior margin just within the
eyes ; an approximate pair of round ones just back of these, and an obliqye
dash on either side of the disc, before the middle, in line with the inner
margin of the eyes, black. Scutellum pale yellow, a large black triangle
well within the lateral angles. Elytra pale green, nervures slightly lighter.
Front olive fuscous, a few short arcs and a median stripe, which includes
the clypeus, light. .

Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of female about half longer than
penultimate; lateral angles slightly rounding, the posterior margin elevated
in the middle, and sometimes slightly obtusely toothed; male valve iarge,
very obtusely angulate, plates stout, convexly rounding to a blunt tip,
fringed with stout spines.

Described from numerous specimens from Orizaba, Yautepec, and
other Mexican points. ‘This species and the following are closely related
to colonus of Uhler, and belong to the nigrifrons group. ‘This species
may be readily distinguished from any of the others by the heavy black
markings on the pronotum. ;

Deltocephalus sonorus, n. sp.—Form and general appearance of
nigrifrons nearly, longer and narrower than comafus, olive and fuscous,
with milky nervures and reflections. Length 3.25 mm., width less than 1
mm. ;

Vertex and pronotum similar to those of comatus, the eyes long and
narrow, enclosing over half of the pronotum. Elytra very long .and
narrow, with a large appendix ; venation strong, two cross nervures, the
central anteapical cell very long, dumb-bell shaped but not divided, the
apical cell beyond this, small, curved, less than half ofthe size of the third
one.

Colour: vertex a pale dirty yellow ; four black spots on the anterior
margin, the outer pair often larger than the others, farther from eyes than
from inner pair; sometimes a fuscous dot against the eye and irregular
brownish markings on disc. Prenotum pale olive and yellowish, with
five luteous stripes ; scutellum with orange spots along the base. Elytra
subhyaline, the veins light, sometimes margined with fuscous. Face
brownish fuscous, with light arcs on the front, sometimes the lower part of
the face light, with the satures and a stripe on the clypeus fuscous.

Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of*the female half longer than

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 345

penultimate, posterior margin slightly waved; male valve angulate,
plates concavely, acutely pointed.

Described from sixteen examples from Tucson, Ariz. (Dr. Kunze.)

Deltocephalus elimatus, n. sp.—Form of sonorus, but still longer and
narrower. Golden green, with black spots on the vertex. Length 4mm.

Vertex short but decidedly angujate, one-fourth wider than long, two-
thirds the length of the pronotum, disc sloping, rounding to the front;
front rather narrow above, almost straight margined to the broad clypeus.
Elytra very long and narrow, Dicraneura-like; venation similar to sonorus,
but weak, and lacking the second cross nervure.

Colour: vertex pale yellow, a fuscous spot at apex, a pair of round
black spots on the margin nearer the eyes than the apex, and a pair of
orange marks on the disc. Pronotum golden or greenish, with five luteous
lines. Elytra subhyaline greenish, with a golden reflection. Face yellow,
a spot below each ocellus and the antennal pits black.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of female rather narrow at the
base, then produced into a remarkably long, blunt-tipped, spatulate
process, which is curved up along the margin and at tip; male valve
rather long, rounding; plates wide at base, enormously elongated, narrow-
ing to a blunt tip, five times the length of the valve.

Described from three specimens from Sante Fe, Mex. (Barrett.)

The remarkable genitalia of both sexes will readily distinguish this
species.

Deltocephalus gnarus, 0. sp.—Form and general appearance of
minutus, V. D., nearly, with a longer vertex and front. Black, with a few
markings, and the elytra milky white in female. Male darker. Length,
9 2.5mm., g 2.25 mm. ; width 8 mm.

Vertex slightly obtusely angled, the margins straight, one-fourth wider
at base than long, one-third longer on middle than against eye, as long as
pronotum ; front rather narrow, one third longer than wide, the margins
gently curved. Pronotum strongly transversely wrinkled ; elytra a little
longer than body ; venation weak ; two cross nervures present ; the outer
anteapical cell very small, acuminate anteriorly.

Colour: vertex shining black, circles around the ocelli, a siender line
connecting them with the apex, a cross back of the apex, the margin
against the eye, and a pair of oblique dashes on posterior disc, approxi-

346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

mate on the margin, light. Pronotum shining black, a row of submarginal
spots, sometimes a median line, and the posterior margin narrowly light.
Scutellum black, the lateral margin interruptedly light. Elytra subhyaline
white, veins milky. Sometimes in the male the disc of the elytra is dark-
ened up, omitting the cross nervures and the apices of the claval veins.
Face black, with margins and arcs on the front light.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the femaie twice longer than
penultimate ; lateral margin roundingly narrowing ; posterior margin
truncate, curved around pygofers; male valve rather large, obtusely
angulate ; plates as wide as the valve, roundingly narrowing to the
slightly produced, acuminate, points. &

Described from eight specimens from Ames, Iowa; taken by the writer
on a patch of ‘‘ dog-hair” Juncus growing on the margin of a pond.

Cicadula potoria, n, sp.—Form and general appearance of D. gnarus.
Smaller and darker than any other described Cicadu/a. Length, ? 2.5
MMs .2:25 um :

Vertex nearly right-angled, twice as long'on middle as at eye, half
wider than long, margin rounding, apex conical, front narrow, wedge-
shaped, the margins straight. Pronotum slightly longer than vertex.
Elytra. considerably longer than the body, obtusely rounding behind.
Venation strong, apical cells long, curved, outer branch of first sector
obsolete, two anteapical cells.

Colour : female—vertex dark fuscous, the margins, a median line and
two dashes on either side, yellow, the posterior dash almost enclosing a
round black spot; front brownish, with fuscous arcs ; Jower part of face
yellow, with sutures and a stripe on clypeus fuscous. Pronotum and
scutellum yellow on margins and fuscous on discs,omitting a yellow longi-
tudinal stripe. Elytra milky subhyaiine, sometimes mottled with fuscous
on disc. Male—often the same colour and marking as female; sometimes
darkened up until all the light markings are gone except a triangle across
face above antenne.

Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of female short and straight, or
slightly waved posteriorly ; pygofers very short and thick ; male valve
short, oval ; plates triangular, their apices produced into long, divergent,
style-like, upturned processes.

Described from ten specimens taken from Juncus, along with D.
gnarus, at Ames, Iowa. , :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 347

= ~— —-———

Phlepsius josea, n. sp.—Form of Aumidus, but much smaller, Colour
red. Length 5.25 mm., width 1.5 mm.

Vertex flat, very slightly depressed posteriorly ; half wider than long,
nearly twice longer on middle than against eye; anterior margin thick but
foliacious ; front narrow, wedge-shaped ; clypeus small, linear. Pro-
notum little longer than the vertex. Elytra moderately stout, compressed
behind.

Colour: ground colour pale yellowish olive, but so thickly sprinkled
with irregular spots and blotches of blood-red as to give a red appearance
to the whole insect, both above and below. The vertex and scutellum
have a more decided yellowish cast. The eyes slaty brown. In the light
specimens, the red spots are gathered on the nervures of the wings, but
in the darker ones the nervures are indistinct.

Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female half longer than
the penultimate; the posterior margin roundingly truncate, with the
lateral angles rounded off; male valve very small, rounding, almost con-
cealed under the long, ultimate segment ; plates broad at base, semicir-
cularly rounding, then produced into long, style-like, attingent points.

Described from two males and one female, from the mountains of
Colorado. One specimen each from Alder, North Park, and Dutch
George’s, on the Poudre.

CHANGE OF PREOCCUPIED NAMES.

(1) Parasa prasina, Dyar, Psyche VIII, p. 273, 1898 (Central
America), is preoccupied by Parasa prasina, Alph., Deut. ent. Zeit.,
1895, p. 186 (Western China). The Central American species may be
called Parasa wellesca.

(2) The genus Callarctia, Leech, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1899, p.
168 (West China), is preoccupied by Callarctia, Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc.,
Phil., IIL., p. 114, 1864 (North America). The Chinese genus may be
called Euleechia. Harrison G, Dyar.

A GENERAL INDEX to the thirty volumes of the Annual Reports of
the Entomological Society of Ontario, extending from 1870 to 1899, has
been prepared by the Editor of this magazine, and is now in course of
publication by the Ontario Department of Agriculture. It will be ready
for distribution before the end of the year, and will, no doubt, be of great
value to all who have occasion to consult these Reports,

348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

VARIATIONS IN SOME COMMON SPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES.
BY GEO. A. EHRMANN, PITTSBURG, PA.
Papilio astertas, Fabr. Var. semi-alba, &, nov. var.

On July 31st, 1899, | captured a very interesting form which is cut
of the ordinary run of the variation which prevails in this species. The
size and markings are the same as ‘the normal form, but all the macula-
tions on the primaries are pure white, while the markings on the
secondaries are of a deep golden yellow. The under side is the same, but
not so conspicuous. Two males in my collection.

Hab.—S. W. Penn’a.
Papilio philenor, Linn. Var. obsoleta, g , nov. var.

This form has no submarginal spots either on the fore or hind wings
on the upper side; the under side of all the wings is the same as the
normal form. Two males in my collection.

Hab.—S. W. Penn/’a.

Papilio troilus, Linn. Var. Texanus, 6, tiov. var.

In this form the light suffusion on the hind wings between the sub-
marginal lunules and the discoidal cell is replaced by a well-decided band
of ashen gray ; the bandis half an inch wide throughout ; the submarginal
spots, both on the fore and hind wings, are much larger than the general
form. Expands 4% inches. Male in my collection.

ffab.— Houston, Texas.

Limenitis ursula, Fabr. Var. cerulea, 2, nov. var.

‘The upper side is normal. Under side, on both the fore and hind
wings there is a subdiscal band of large bluish spots, very similar to the
white bands in both Z. arthemis and L. Weidemeyerii ; otherwise it is the
same as the regular form. _ Female in my collection.

Hab.—Charleroi, Penn’a.

Vanessa antiopa, Linn. Var. grandis, 2 , Nov. var.

The whole space of the upper side, ‘except the yellow border and the
submarginal black bar,” is of a rich chocolate brown ; the submarginal
row of blue spots is wanting and the yellow border is greatly suffused
with brown; under side normal. Female, ex. larva, in my collection.

Hab.—S, W. Penn’a. 2

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 349

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS IN THE APHELININ/.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD.
Mytocnema, new genus.

This new genus falls in a table of the genera of the Aphelinine: next
to Encarsia, Forster, the antenne being 8-jointed and the club in the
female being 2-jointed.

The head is transverse thin antero-posteriorly, the occiput concave,
the vertex impressed ; the thorax has several long bristly hairs, and the
parapsidal furrows are distinct but very delicate, almost invisible; the
front wings have a large discoidal cloud beneath the marginal vein as in
Coccophagus orientalis, Howard, the stigmal vein is distinct, not very
short, but still shorter than the marginal vein and a little shorter than the
post-marginal, the marginal vein being a little longer than half the length
of the submarginal vein. ‘The hind femora are somewhat thickened,
subcompressed, their tibize armed behind with stiff bristles ; all tarsi
5-jointed, the anterior and middle tarsi being longer than their tibie ;
middle tibiz with one well-developed apical spur, the hind tibize with
two short apical spurs. The abdomen seen from above is subovate, flat,
beneath subconvex, the ovipositor hidden.

The only male specimen has lost its antennx, but otherwise, except
in having a much smaller, shorter, oval, depressed abdomen, agrees well
with the female.

The genus is readily recognized by the hind tibiz, in both sexes,
being armed with stiff black bristles.

Myiocnema Comperei, new species.

2 length 1.2 mm. Head and thorax above aeneous black ; sides of
thorax, coxze and femora blue-black ; antenne and tegule brown ; knees
of middle legs, anterior tibie and all tarsi,. except terminal joints,
yellowish ; tibial spurs white; middle and hind tibiz fuscous ; hind
tibiz in both sexes armed with stiff black bristles. Wings hyaline, with a
broad fuscous discoida] band below the marginal vein.

ffabitat.— Brisbane, Queensland.

Ty pes.—Cat. No. 5442, U.S. N. M.

Described from 1 2 and 7 @ specimens, received by Dr. L. O.
Howard from Mr. Alex. Craw, and bred in July, 1900, from Lecanium
oleg, Bernard; collected by Mr. George Compere, the travelling agent of
the California State Board of Horticulture at Brisbane, Queensland,

350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

CORRESPONDENCE.

S1r,—I am glad to note that Mr. H. H. Lyman, in his review of my
paper on the Argynnids of North America, sums up the matter’so well in
his last paragraph, wherein he states that ‘‘ The whole paper shows that
much more knowledge is needed before a satisfactory revision of the very
difficult North American forms can be made.” ‘That is just what the |
author thought, and why the paper was not called, or thought to be, a
Revision of the genus Argynnis.

When first written, it was to be read before the Chicago Entomolog-
ical Society, to my especial friends who knew of my interest in the genus,
and the paper was called “A Contribution to the Better Knowledge of the
genus Argynnis.” The author does not want his friends to think that he
has yet attempted to completely solve the Argynnis puzzle, and takes this
opportunity to say that any satisfactory revision must be accompanied
by plates in natural colours, showing both the upper and under side of each
species, a work which can only be accomplished successfully at’ great
expense of time and money. 2

The author is not a believer in the infallibility of those who name
species. His collection contains specimens which have been given three
different names by three men supposed to know the species of the genus
Argynnis, and specimens taken “in coitu” have been called different
species by well-versed students of the genus. What was stated as the
polygamous habits of the members of the genus was given as partial proof
of what the author believes to be a fact, that many so-called species are
varieties or hybrids. He did not, however, feel justified, without further
proof, in “relegating a number of names to the synonomy.”

Reference was made to the polygamous habits simply to make plain
the fact that some of the so-called species are freaks, the result of
hybridism. Naturalists, especially closet naturalists, who do not consider
it worth their time to study specimens alive, may reach dogmatic con-
clusions which are entirely satisfactory to themselves, yet which are based
on study of a few poor specimens, or even a single individual. The past
summer has added to the evidence for hybridism. A correspondent in
the field wrote me: “Collecting yesterday where Eurynome was rather
abundant, in two instances | found a male Eurynome paying court to
females of a dark species double its size, or about same size as Aphrodite.
If it is usual for Eurynome to form attachments outside of the species, it
may account for several allied forms,” This writer is a live naturalist,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ool

and as the Irishman said, ‘‘ Hit the nail right where a great many have
missed it before.” Better to “ give a counsel of perfection” and hit a few
facts than to make a collection of Argynnids with only one or two of each
species, and imagine one knows allabout the genus.

Permit me to repeat, that each collector interested in the final disen-
tanglement of this genus should do all in his power to build up “large series
of species from every locality,” for the very reason that ‘‘every few miles
in every direction is a separate locality,” and we must know the fauna of
many more cf these localities before completing the knowledge of the
Argynnids.

As to the dimorphic males, there may be more to say some day, or
the author’s views may prove incorrect. Stranger things than to name
varieties of well-known males as new species have been done by those
who hasten to place their names (be they bishops, doctors or laymen)
after the names of supposed new species.

What I have written is not with any thought of opening up a contro-
versy, or in any sense to express my objection to the reviewer’s remarks;
but to make more clear my views upon the subject, and prevent possible
wrong conceptions concerning the paper reviewed, both as to its aims and
contents. ARTHUR J. SNYDER.

BOOK NOTICE.

A Natural Hisrory oF THE BRITISH LEPIDOPTERA, ETC.—By J. W.
Tutt, F. E.S. Vol. II. London and Berlin: May, 1900, pp. vi.—
584, plates i—vii.

The second volume of Mr. Tutt’s exhaustive work has now appeared,
and this continuation merits all the good words which were so freely
spent upon the appearance of the first volume. . We have first 100 pages
devoted to general subjects, such as Metamorphosis in Lepidoptera, and
the External Morphology of the Lepidopterous Pupa. And then (pp.
102-434) there is such a full account of the Psychides as has not yet
been published. This is the chief characteristic of Mr. Tutt’s work, that
everything which has been written on a species has been consulted ; the
original description is given, the synonym is exhaustive, all known and
many new biological facts are carefully added. The number of pages
devoted to a single species is thus far in excess and the work has so
much more value for consultation. With regard to the Psychides, it

ea THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

seems extraordinary that there should still be so much new and still to
be learned about the European members of this difficult group. The
author has been careful to give the gist of what has been published in
France and Germany, and concludes his study of the British species by a
catalogue of the paleearctic Psychides. Thus there is a broad basis to
Mr. Tutt’s work, which relieves it from all charge of insularity and.
should commend it at the same time to continental students no less than
to those everywhere interested in the subject.

Pages 434 to the close of the volume are given to the commence-
ment of the Lachneides, and this group is very carefully treated,
particular attention being given to Dr. Dyar’s studies ; -while on plate vii.
a phyletic tree is reproduced from the pen of our American authority.
In the Psychides the views of German writers have been chiefly adopted,
in the Lachneides the studies of American authors receive very full
attention.

It is not possible, within the limits of this notice, to enter into
questions of detail. Mr. Tutt has generally quoted all opinions upon the
intricate question of generic synonymy. Where these have differed, in
any one Case, then ‘the matter has been originally enquired into and a
conclusion reached. So far as the reviewer is concerned, these con-
clusions appear generally acceptable. An exception. may perhaps be
noted in the case of Hriogaster, from which popudli is excluded as a pos-
sible type on the ground that it does not agree with the generic diagnosis.
But by its inclusion, Germar evidently thought it did. With questions
like this, the historical sifting of types should have nothing to do. If
we are to argue upon the verbal interpretation and applicability of the
earlier generic diagnoses, there wil! be no end to the discussion. On the
other hand, the reviewer 1s glad to adopt Mr. Tutt’s opinion as to the
type of Gastropacha, which term may be retained for our Americana,
etc.

To conclude: No general faunal study is known to the reviewer
which can compare with Mr. Tutt’s in scope and execution. It is greatly
to be hoped that the volumes we now have will be followed by others to
the completion of the entire work.—A. R. G.

The Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario will
be held in the rooms of the Society, 429 Wellington Street, London, on
Wednesday and Thursday, Nov. 14th and rs5th. All members are
cordially invited to attend, and are requested to bring with them any rare
or interesting specimens that they may have obtained. Donations to the
Society’s collections will be very welcome.

Mailed November 3rd, 1900.

The G anadiay Entomologist.

VoL. XXXII. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1900. No. 12
b
CONTENTS.
Howard—Remarks on Psorophora ciliata... 353. | GiGte AC OrrectiOns; < . 6-22. - els «e veee sores 367
Poling—Neophasia Terlootii... 338 | Ashmead — Changes in Generic Names in
= fy etna Shs ees ie =" | REwIneuOpterds: |. Sea den sts teers 368
Grote—Classification of the Butterflies...... 359 “2 :
= Wiece eae New Mex; - | Obttuary— / Vr: Otto Staudinger.......... 368
King—New Pulvinaria from New Mexico... 360 3 Ret. G. Deulst sc ee 369
Cockerell—New Mexico Bees Sci no cheese 3° | Gibson—Life-history of Arctia phalerata . . 369
Hanham—Manitoba Butterflies............. 365 Entomological Society of Ontario........... 376

REMARKS ON PSOROPHORA CILIATA, WITH NOTES ON
ITS EARLY STAGES.
BY L. O. HOWARD.

Psorophora ciliata, Fabr., is the only species of the genus Psoro-
phora known to occur in the United States. It is a widespread species
and is known to the writer to occur in Massachusetts, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, District of Columbia, Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Florida,
Louisiana, Arkansas, Nebraska, Texas and California. It is, however, rare
in its northern range and seems to be a lower austral form. It may have
a tropical range, but among many mosquitoes received by the writer
during the past year from Mexico, Nicaragua and Cuba, this species does
not occur. In his ‘“ Notes on the Mosquitoes of the United States ”
(Bulletin 25, New Series, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department
of Agriculture), published August 23rd, 1g00, the writer calls attention to
the fact that Psorophora and Megarhinus have not been studied by
investigators engaged in working upon the transfer of Haematamoebe by
mosquitoes, and urges that physicians and bacteriologists in our Southern
States pay some attention to the mosquitoes of these genera.

At the time when the bulletin was written nothing was known about
the early stages of Psorophora. A large series of living specimens was
captured in June of the present year at St. Elmo, Va., by Mr. Pratt, and
we expected that we should be able to secure eggs without difficulty and
to study the insect in its different stages. The females were placed alive
in large battery jars, under conditions which had repeatedly been success-
ful with Culex and Anopheles, but no eggs were deposited, This brought

354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

the writer to the conclusion that either the confined specimens were not
impregnated, or that they had already deposited all of their eggs, or that
the breeding habits differ from those of the mosquitoes of the other genera
mentioned.

Fic. 31.—Psorophora ciliata: a, full-grown larva; 4, head of same from below ;
c, antenna of same; d, a mandibular filament; ¢, tuft from penultimate seg-
ment of same ; ¥, fringe from same; g, pupa; 4; anal flaps ofsame, Enlarged
(original). .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 353

On August 30th, 1900, some very large mosquito larvae and pups
were received from Mr. Wm. P. Seal, of the Aquarium Supply Company,
at Delair, N. J. An examination of these specimens convinced me that
they could be nothing else than the larvz and pupe of P. ci/iata. The
first specimens received were in alcohol, and Mr. Seal was informed of
their probable identity and urged to send on living specimens in water and
to endeavor to rear the adult himself. It was then, however, unfortunately,
too late. Mr. Seal wrote that during the summer a small creek and some
earth ponds on his place became entirely dry, in consequence of which

Fie. 32.—Psorophora ciliata: young larva
with enlarged antenna at left. En-
larged (original).

all fish in them died. Some time in August there was a sufficient rainfali
to fill a few of the deepest places, which became almost alive with
mosquito larve. These were used for fish food until it was noticed that
they were developing to the pupa stage, when coal oil was immediately
poured on tie water. It was when the coal oil was being applied that the
big larve and pup were first noticed. Mr. Seal had been a collecting
naturalist for 26 years, supplying material for the aquarium, for biological
research, and having discovered some low forms of life new to science,
described by Leidy and Ryder ; but in all his experience he had never
observed such large mosquito larve.

356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

On being assured of the novelty and importance of his observation,
Mr. Seal promised to watch for the subsequent appearance of similar
larvee, and on September 2oth last was able to forward other specimens
which appeared after a rain which occurred about the 15th of September
or a little before. Mr. Seal was able to distinguish between them andthe |
ordinary Culex larve, and wrote that they were very scarce, perhaps one
of them to many thousands of the others. On the 25th of September
additional larve and pupa were sent by Mr. Seal, and from these

specimens the accompanying drawings were made. The larva is
structurally of very great interest. On comparison with the larva of
Culex, which it resembles more nearly than that of Anopheles, it will be
seen that the respiratory siphon is longer, that the anal flaps are longer
and more pointed, that the hair fringe on the venter of the anal segment
is much longer and denser, and that the mouth-parts differ in very
important particulars. The labium is well.differentiated into ligula and
paraglossa and the labial palpi are represented by little simple processes.
The laciniz of the maxille are beautifully modified into mandibular-like
structures, each with a long terminal tooth and stout basal tooth and three
intermediate teeth. These not only resemble mandibles, but have a
mandibular function, since they are indubitably used in the mastication of
food. Other mosquito larve studied fed upon spores of alge and other
small particles which appeared to require no mastication, but this larva
descends to the bottom of the water and has been noticed to grasp a bit
of vegetation a half-inch long and to actually chew it. The maxillary
galea is membraneous and furnished with long terminal cilia. The
mandibles are long, brush-like organs, each element of which is
beautifully pectinate, as shown in Fig. 3:1 @. The clypeus is bent over
the front of the head, forming a chitinous overlapping lip which reaches
nearly to the maxilla.

The duration of the pupal stage in specimens received was 4 to 5
days, and adults issued on the 27th and 28th of September, and confirmed
the determination of the species as P. ci/iata. In the last sending young
larvee were found, shown at Fig. 32.

The adult of this species is at once distinguished from all other
mosquitoes by the peculiar vertical scales on the legs, as shown in
the illustration, Fig. 33. The colour of the insect is dark yellowish,
with infuscated wings.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 357

The breeding places in which these larve were found were
small depressions in the bed of a_ small stream and _ similar
hollows in certain small ponds, all of which were dry the greater part

Ons f aes

Fi. 33.—Psorophora ciliata: adult females, showing resting position on side wall and
ceiling. Enlarged (original).
of the past summer. After they first dried in the spring they were barren
of fish and vegetation. Mr. Seal is satisfied that the insect is very rare in
the vicinity of Philadelphia. It is now important to discover the egg of
this interesting species.

358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON WEOPAHASIA TERLOOTII, BHR., FROM ARI-
ZONA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY.

BY OTTO C. POLING, QUINCY, ILL.

Neophasia Terlootii was described a great many years ago*, and
the description being in Latin, it is not surprising that Dr. Strecker over-
looked it in the hurry to publish his description of the female I sent him, ~
which he supposed had not been previously described. It is a little
surprising, however, that Dr. Skinner, who had the first opportunity
to examine one of my examples of Zer/ootiz, should have failed to
recognize the generic characters of the insect until Dr. Strecker’s
description as eophasia epyaxa was published. i

The first female example of Zerv/oot:7 taken, which is the type of
‘“Archonias lyceas, Skinner” {, and is now in my collection, agrees with
the type of Weophasia epyaxa, Strk., which I sent him after a careful
comparison. These two specimens were taken in Cochise County,
Arizona, to which locality I sent one of my. regular collectors to spend
the past season in studying the habits and collecting a series of examples
of this interesting butterfly.

Of the series before me, most of the examples agree with the
description of Zer/ootii male, and subsequent illustrations and descrip-
tions of specimens sent out. ‘There are, however, three females and one
male which differ so much from the others as to well deserve a varietal
name, and with the kind permission of my friend, Dr. William Barnes,
I am allowed to use a most appropriate name, which he had intended
to bestow on the species had it not been previously described, Veophasia
Terlootii, var. Princetonia, n. var. Male differs from type in having the
margin of hind wings washed with pale red on both surfaces, of a shade
somewhat lighter than that of the female. The under surface is more
heavily washed with red than the upper. There is a submarginal entire
black band on both surfaces of hind wings, which is not quite so broad
as in the female menapia, but the veins between this band and the
outer margin are more heavily washed with black scales than in the
latter species.

Female—From the types of Veophasia epyaxa, Strk., and “Archonias
/yceas,’ Skinner, this form differs in having a much greater suffusion

*Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., Phil., II., 304 (1869).
+ Ent. News, XI., 533, plate XIV. (Sept., 1900).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359

of black on both surfaces of the wings, and in the absence of the
Orange spots in outer marginal band of hind wing. ‘There is also g
large patch of orange in the centre of the cell.

[The Curator, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario,
desires to acknowledge with grateful thanks Mr. Poling’s very acceptable

gift of specimens of both sexes of this remarkably interesting butterfly—
Neophasia Terlootii. |

CLASSIFICATION OF THE BUTTERFLIES.
BY A. R. GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.

In the course of my already-published studies, the probabilities as to
the homology of the last anal vein of the Papilionides primary have varied.
From preparations of the pupal wing of the Hesperiades, it has become clear
that the fork to second anal at base is the remains of the third anal vein,
which is irregular and more extended in the fore wing of the chrysalis and
does not attain the outer margin. It is furcate and connected with the
second anal in the pupal stage. On the other hand, the downwardly
curved, short, last and free anal vein of the Papilionid primary cannot be
homologous with this, as, indeed, I originally contended. This vein
reaches the internal margin, and is probably a survival of the fourth anal.
This fact points to a different origin for the two groups, which I have
finally defined as follows
A. Butterflies having a short fourth anal vein on primaries, running

downwardly free from base of wing. to internal margin; on
secondaries only one anal vein.................PAPILIONIDES.
&. Butterflies having a short third anal vein on primaries, joining
outwardly the second near base of wing (this fork sometimes
wanting by reduction and always thinner than second anal or

degenerate), fourth anal wanting, and having more than one anal

vein on secondaries. . HESPERIADES.

In order to bring out the eiobRte. phylogeny in ite classification, I
accord superfamily value to the two divisions. The Papilionides include
the three families : Parnassiide, Teinopalpide and Papilionide, separable
on neurational features, the first two appearing as specializations of the
last in the order given. The Hesperiades include not only the Lycznids,
as indicated by Fabricius, but all the rest of the butterflies, of which
[ regard the Pierids and Blues as the more recent developments, while
‘he Nymphalids and Skippers represent older types,

360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A NEW PULVINARIA FROM NEW MEXICO.
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.

Pulvinaria Tinsleyi, n. sp.

Shriveled adult female scales on the twigs, light brown, elliptical,
convex. Ovisac, clear white, texture as in LP. innumerabilis. After
boiling in K. O. H., derm colourless, not pitted or tessellate. Legs and ~
anal plates tinged with yellow. Spines of lateral cleft in threes, one long
and curved ; 76 » long, two quite short, 28 » long. Margin with one
row of stout blunt spines 40 » long, 6 broad. Anal plates heart shaped,
each too p broad and 136 p long, Antenne 7-jointed, width quite
constant, but the length of the joints seems to be quite variable. I have
examined ten, with the following results in »: Joint (1) 24 to 40, (2)
40-60, (3) 68-80, (4) 52-64, (5) 28-36, (6) 28-40, (7) 44-52. Formula
3472651. Joint 3 is always longest, while 4 is nearly as long, but never
equal; 1 is always the shortest, 5 and 6 are next and sometimes nearly
equal. Joints 2 and 3 have two long hairs each; 5 and 6 have 3 each;
7 seems to have 9g, the terminal one very long.

Legs normal, with the coxa 80 » long, 1oo broad. - Femur with
trochanter, 208 long, 68 broad. Tibia, 180 long, 24 broad. Tarsus, 92
long, 20 broad. Claw, 24 long. The trochanter has one short terminal
hair. Tibia and tarsus each with four short subterminal hairs. Digitules
of tarsus and claw normal, with knobbed ends. No satisfactory measure-
ments can be given of the dead and shriveled adult scales; but those
boiled and pressed under a cover glass seem to be nearly circular, about
5 mm. in diameter. Larva, just hatched,—yellow, elliptical, marginal
spines absent. Antenne 6-jointed, measuring in p: (1) 20, (2) 16, (3)
32, (4) 16, (5) 16, (6) 36. Leg, coxa 48. Femur with trochanter, 60.
Tibia, 48. Tarsus, 44. Larve, perhaps about three or four weeks old,
on the leaves of the food plant, have well-developed 7-jointed antenne,
and large blunt marginal spines.

Hab.—On Ce/tis sp., in a draw near the road from Pecacho to
Roswell, in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico, about 20-25 miles west of
Roswell. Some of the limbs were almost covered with the scales, and
many of the leaves were about killed. Collected by Prof. Tinsley,

August, 1goo, and sent to Prof. Cockerell, who turned it over to me for
study. Pulvinaria innumerabilis has been recorded from Ced/tis occt-
dentalis, but innumerabilis has nothing to do with the species above
described, although the two are superficially similar, and might be
Genius at first sight,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 361

NOTES ON NEW MEXICO BESS. -
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STATION.
Bombomelecta larree, n. sp.

? .—Length 12% mm. ; general build and structure of &. thoracica,
but the scutellum is convex with a central depression, and wholly without
spines; while the claws have the inner division short and broadly truncate.
The maxillary palpi are 6-jointed, and the mandibles have a strong tooth
on the inner side. Black ; pubescence of the face and vertex pale brown;
of the occiput, labrum and clypeus, black ; of the pleura, metathorax and
scutellum, black ; of the post-scutellum, yellowish, especially noticeable at
the sides; of the mesothorax, orange-fulvous, short, dense and conspicuous
in front, thin behind. Abdomen with broad but inconspicuous ochreous
bands on segments 2 to 4, more or less interrupted in the middle on 2
and 4, represented on the first segment by lateral patches, and a few
ochreous hairs even in the middle; fifth segment with black hairs.
Antenne entirely black, apex truncate, the corners of the truncation
rounded. Legs black, with black pubescence ; spurs black, hind spur of
hind tibia larger than the other, and somewhat bent. Wings dark fuligi-
nous, with hyaline patches on the third transverso-cubital and second
recurrent nervures; venation resembling that of B. thoracica, var. fulvida,
except that the first recurrent nervure joins the second submarginal cell
almost at its apex.

Hfab.—Mesilla Park, New Mexica, at flowers of Larrea tridentata,
May 9g, 1900.

Epeolus occidentalis, Cresson, var. segregatus, n. var.

6 .— Differs from typical occtdenta/is from Colorado, received from
Mr. Fox, as follows: Spurs of four hind tibie pale brownish, only the
minutely ciliate margins black; tegulz deep orange-ferruginous, shining and
distinctly punctured ; the two longitudinal pale ochreous stripes on meso-
thorax narrow, very well defined, not reaching the front margin ; marginal
cell shorter and broader ; wings grayish, not yellowish; light band at
apex of first abdominal segment narrowly interrupted in the middle; apical
plate of abdomen subtruncate ; second and third ventral segments with
appressed white hair-bands. The first joint of flagellum is ferruginous
beneath.

?.—Similar to the g. Scape and first two joints of flagellum
ferruginous beneath ; longitudinal stripes on mesothorax subclavate, and
attaining the anterjor margin ; scutellum ferruginous ; all the abdomina]

362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

bands interrupted in the middle; fifth segment with a pyriform light patch
on each side. ‘The last ventral segment is dark, a little hoary in some
lights, contrastive strongly with the broadly snow-white hind margins of
the three previous segments ; apex or abdomen very obtuse, the apical
ventral segment not produced.

Distinguished from £. /unatus by the transverse black band, instead
of semilunar mark, on the first abdominal segment. The lower part of
the pleura is free from hair, and sparsely punctured on a shining ground.
This insect seems intermediate between Zunatus and occidentalis, and it
may be that all three are races of one species.

Hab.— 6. Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M., July 11. .- 9. Las Vegas,
at flowers of Petalostemon candidus, Aug. 11. (W. Porter.)

Epeolus remigatus, Fabr., var.. Martint, n. var.

?.—Length about 14 mm. Head dull from the excessively close
punctures ; clypeus with some larger punctures interspersed, and a more
or less distinct longitudinal raised line; dark mark on mesothorax anchor-
shaped, the lateral lobes long; pleura with very little light colour; first seg-
ment of abdomen with a broad triangle of black on its disc, the band below
the triangle narrowly interrupted; band on second segment very thick, and
produced obliquely upwards at the sides, forming an acute angle where it
bends ; sides of fifth abdominal segment black ; antenne and legs black,
tarsi becoming ferruginous, middle tibize with a stripe of orange-fulvous
pubescence.

Differs from £. rodustus by the dull, densely-punctured clypeus and_
face, different ornamentation of thorax, band on second abdominal
segment bent back at sides, etc.

Differs from £. concavus by not having the last ventral segment
produced or curved.

Differs from £. Texanus,v. nigripes, by the ornamentation of the thorax
and abdomen, and considerably shorter lateral teeth of scutellum. In life
the eyes of J/artini have the upper third green, the rest black.

Hab.—Romersville, N. M., Aug. 6, 1899. (Martin D. Cockerell.)
This is very possibly a distinct species.

Epeolus Cressoni, Rob., 1867. New to New Mexico.

Las Vegas, July 24, at flowers of Spheralcea Fendlert lobata,1 ¢&
(Wilmatte Porter) ; San Ignacio, Sept. 1, Aug. 31, 2 (W. Porter and
Ckll.). A female from near San Ignacio, Aug. 15 (W. Porter), is unusually

large, 13 mm. long.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 363

Diadasia diminuta, Cresson.

Santa Fé and Las Vegas, abundant at flowers of Malvacee ; caught
at Las Vegas on Spheralcea Fendleri lobata, S. cuspidata, Malvastrum
coccineum, M. dissectum and Sidalcea neomexicana, on the last by Mr. A.
Garlick.

Diadasta apacha, Cresson.

Mesilla Valley, abundant at flowers of Spheralcea Fendleri lobata.
Heretofore recorded as D. diminuta (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXV., 193).
Its nesting habits are recorded in WVature, Sept. 17, 1896, p. 461.

D. diminuta was described from the ¢, apacha from the ? ; they
are perhaps only subspecifically distinct. The @ diminutais distinguished
from apacha by the dark tegule and the thorax broader between the
wings ; the stigma also averages darker. The D. diminuta recorded from
Juarez, Mexico (Cat. Abejas de Mexico, p. 14), is apacha.

Centris Cockerelli, Fox, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 68. 9.

I have little doubt this is the true ? of C. /anosa; i. e., of the Mesilla

Valley insect regarded as /anosa.

Centris rhodopus, var. pulchrior, i. var.

Mesilla Park, N. M., June 24, one ¢. This is the ¢ variety
described by Mr. Fox in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 68, but not
named. [think it is probably adistinct species. ‘The legs are ferruginous
(the hind femora blackish beneath at base), and the basal joint of the hind
tarsi has long white hair like that on the tibia.. The hind margins of the
abdominal segments have distinct pale hair-bands.

Centris Hoffmanseggia, Ckll., Am. Mag. Nat. Hist., April, 1897, p. 395.
gd (not ?).

Mr. Fox regarded the insect which I had described as ? C. Zanosa
as the true 9.of C. Hoffmanseggie; but it differed from the ¢ in its
larger size, and entirely different pubescence of the legs, so I thought to
treat it as a distinct species. It appears to be fond of the flowers of the
mesquite ( Prosopis glandulosa), on which it was again taken on May 15
of the present year, by Miss Nora Newberry. On May 16, at Mesilla
Park, individuals of Centr7s were seen hovering in the air, but not visiting
flowers. They were so agile that it was only with considerable difficulty
that three were caught. These proved to be males of C. Hoffmanseggic,

but larger (1344-14 mm.) than the single male hitherto known. At the
same place, the females, their hind legs covered with orange pollen, were
found entering their nests, which were tunnels in the ground, about two

364 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

inches vertically, and then laterally about four inches. ‘The female is the
insect which I described as ? /anosa, and thus Mr. Fox’s reference of it
to Hoffmanseggi@ is confirmed.

Panurginus Porter@, v. sp.

f.—Length about 7% mm., black ; head and thorax with fairly
long, thin whitish pubescence; head transversely suboval; clypeus, except
the two black dots, and lateral face marks, lemon yellow; face below
antennz without any conspicuous hair ; labrum, mandibles, anterior edge
and receding lateral pieces of clypeus (which are hairy) all dark ; lateral
face-marks triangular, their upper limit barely above the level of the upper
edge of the clypeus; antenne entirely black; front above antenne
cancellate with large punctures ; vertex with large punctures, a smooth
impunctate area on each side ; thorax entirely black ; mesothorax and
scutellum shining, with well-separated large punctures ; legs black, tarsi
very dark brown ; tegule dark brown; wings slightly smoky ; nervures
and stigma piceous ; abdomen rather long and narrow, punctured except
the broad hind margins of the segments ; apex with two sharp points.

? .—Stouter ; face entirely black ; abdomen with very small punc-
tures, extremely sparse on first segment.

ffab.— Beulah, N. M. (Wilmatte Porter). The ¢ was taken Aug.
25, 1899.

From the description, I thought this might very well be a variety of
P. picipes (Cress.), but Mr. W. J. Fox has kindly sent me a drawing of -
the face-marks of Cresson’s type ¢ of pzcifes, and it is evidently a
different species. In fécifes the lateral face-mark is a small band along
the orbital margin, running considerably above the level of the top of the
clypeus, and not at all triangular. In my table in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
XXV., p. 196, the ¢ of Portere runs to picipes. From P. imnuptus the
g is easily known by the triangular lateral face-marks (those of zamuptus
resemble those of Azcépes) and the dark stigma ; the @ differs from that of
innuptus by the dark stigma and nervures, the much darker tegulz, the
larger punctures of the mesothorax, the first abdominal segment much
more sparsely punctured at the sides, and the black tarsi.

Panurginus Cressoniellus, Ckll. New to New Mexico.

Beulah, N. M., 3 ? ; near Beulah, Aug. 23, 1899,1 6,3 @. All
collected by Miss Wilmatte Porter. 5

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 365

ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF MANITOBA BUTTERFLIES,
WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES.
BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.

Luptoieta claudia, Cram.— This species had never even been
observed in previous years, but this season appeared plentifully at
Bird’s Hill in June, and again in August (16th) and September (4th);
it was also met with at St. James, just outside the city limits. The
species is usually common in prairie districts farther west.

Melitea Harrisiz, Scud.—Taken at Bird’s Hill on July rst, 1899.
This season I came across a larva in the act of pupating, but missed the
butterflies.

Chionobas alberta.—I captured one specimen at Bird’s Hill on May
24th, 1899. This was my first experience with a Chonobas ‘‘on the
wing” up here, and I nearly missed it (being a case of mistaken identity).

Thecla irus, Gdt., and Thecla augustus, Kirby.—Bird’s Hill, May
24th (and later), 1899, not uncommon. None seen on same date this
season.

Thecla titus, Fabr.— One specimen at Bird’s Hill this season
(August 16); not uncommon at Brandon.

Chrysophanus dione, Scud.—One specimen at Silver Height on July
22nd, 1898. Mr. Boger took a nice lot this season at Brandon.

Lycena rustica, Kdw.—Bird’s Hill, June 8th and roth, 1899, and
May 24th this year, fairly plentiful locally. Also taken at Aweme in
1899. ;

Pieris protodice, Bd.-Lec.—Bird’s Hill, this year, in June and
September. Though generally common in the West, I have not
yet taken this species nearer the city than Bird’s Hill.

Pamphila Manitoba, Scud.—¥Earlier captures were all the var.
Assiniboia, Lyman; this season on August 16th, at Bird’s Hill, | took
the typical form in some abundance.

Pamphila hianna, Scud.— Bird’s Hill, taken June 8th and roth,
1899, and one specimen this year on May 24th. It was a plentiful
species last June (1899) in the Rounthwaite district.

The season of tgoo opened earlier than usual in Manitoba; on May
24th the early “skippers” and “ hair-streaks” appeared to be over;
on that date Zycena rustica was out, some being quite worn, and on my
next visit in June none were visible. I also took Lycena sepiolus.
Ordinary seasons neither of these “blues” would be on the wing much

366 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

before the middle of June, the latter flying into July. Vanessa Milbertii
and Pyrameis atalanta and cardui were unusually abundant during the
spring and early summer.

Argynnis nevadensis, Edw.—I captured my first specimen of this
handsome “ fritillary” on June 25th at Carberry. Mr. Boger reports it
to have been plentiful in June at the Experimental Farm, Brandon. It
has not turned up yet at Winnipeg.

Neonympha canthus, Bd.-Lec.—Some I took at Caro on fune
26th appeared to be unusually pale for fresh specimens.

Erebia discoidalis, Kirby, and Erebia epipsodea, Butl.—Specimens
of both these species have been received from Mr. Dennis, of Beulah,
taken there in 1899.

Hipparchia Ridingsii, Edw.—Mr. Norman Criddle, of Aweme, takes
this species in his district.

Chionobas varuna, Edw.—In June, 1899, Mr. Marmont, of Roun-
thwaite, and I took a good series on the slopes and summit of the
Brandon Hills, and in the sandy district near Treesbank and that of
Aweme it occurred quite plentifully. Some examples of A/berta were
captured during my visit to his place.

Chionobas gutta, Hbn.—Through the kindness of the Messrs. Criddle
and their guidance from Aweme into the Douglas swamp (some 10 or 12
miles), we were able to see this fine butterfly on the wing. The date,
June 18th (1899), however, was a little too late, and few of those netted
were worth keeping. I think the specimens were somewhat larger and .
more brightly coloured than those from the Gomin swamp, Quebec.

Fierts napi, Esp.—Early in May *‘ whites” were plentiful in the
vicinity of my house, and I supposed that they were xaf@, which is our
common Pieris now. Examining my small boy’s captures later on, I was
surprised to find that he had been taking the above species, usually
a rarity here, and that there was not a single rape in the lot.

Anthocharis olympia, Edw.—Examples of this species have been
taken by Mr. N. Criddle, and by Mr. Robinson, of the Experimental
Farm, Brandon.

Colias eurytheme, Bdv.—This season has been noted for the
abundance of “oranges”; they have been common from May into
October. In 1899, I did not see one the whole season. ‘‘ Albinos”
were plentiful in June; on the 27th at Carberry ss form predominated;
unfortunately, few were any good.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 367

Pamphila ottoe, Edw.—I have not met with this species at Winnipeg
since my captures in 1895, but it turned up at Brandon this year, having
been taken by Mr. Robinson.

Pamphila uncas, Edw.—On June 27th I got three beautifully fresh
specimens at Carberry. They were all taken off milkweek. Also
captured this year at Brandon by Messrs. Boger and Robinson.

Pyrgus tessellata, Scud.—The previous record was not my capture,
and I had never seen the species in the district until this year, when
I bagged several at Bird’s Hill on June 13th, and at Carberry on the
27th I got two more.

CORRECTIONS.
- BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M.

To prevent misconception of my paper in the October number of the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, on the Neuration of Lepidoptera, there should
be added to the statement on p. 291, line 2 from bottom of the page, the
words: ‘On the hind wings.” The Hesperiades have two ana! veins on
the secondaries, the Papilionides only one remaining.

Also, at the close of the article, p. 292, the words ‘‘of the fore
wings” should be intercalated, in the concluding sentence, after
“internal vein.” I am writing of the last short downwardly curved
veins of the Papilionides’ primary wing, and which Dr. Chapman regards
as homologous with the fourth anal, not the “third,” as [ have given in
the paper. Upon this difference in the appearance and retention of the
anal veins of the primaries, I have founded the theory of the diphyletism
of the diurnals. The Papilionides will thus have lost the third anal of
primaries and retained the fourth, which is free and joins the internal
margin. ‘The Hesperiades have generally retained a remnant of the third
anal pupal vein, in the shape of a fork to second anal, which is absorbed
in many brush-footed butterflies, but is determinate in the Limnadide,
Libytheide and Nemeobiide, while the fourth anal of the fore wings
has become lost.

I finally would mention that the authorities give Borkhausen
as author to Hydroecia nictitans, not Linné, as I had written without
having consulted the earlier references to the species. The work of
Duponchel should be cited: ‘“ Lep. Eur.,” not ‘‘Lep. Ent.,” as printed in
my last paper on “ Types of Noctuid Genera.”

568 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SOME CHANGES IN GENERIC NAMES IN THE
HYMENOPTERA.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD.

-The following generic names in the Hymenoptera, alphabetically
arranged, being preoccupied in other groups of zoology, must be changed,
and I propose for them the following names :

Brachycephalus, Forster, 1868, vec Holland, 1857, to Brachycranium.

Cacus, Riley, 1893, nec Selys, 1854, to Oethecoctonus.

Canidia, Holmgren, 1858, wec Thompson, 1857, to Canidiella.

Ceratosoma, Cresson, 1865, wec Reeves, 1850, to Ceratogastra.

Clepticus, Haliday, 1839, mec Cuvier, 1829, to Mischoxorides.

Calonotus, Forster, 1862, nec Peters, 1855, to Protaphidius.

Ecphora, ¥orster, 1868, nec Conrad, 1843, to Ecphoropsis.

Eucorystes, Marshall, 1888, nec Sclater, 1883, to Eucorystoides.

Hlolconotus, Forster, 862, nec Agassiz, 1864, to Aulonotus.

Liogaster, Kriechbaumer, i890, zec Perty, 1834, to Liotryphon.

Limneria, Holmgren, 1888, wec Adams, 1857, to Limnerium.

Obba, Vosquinet, 1896, xec Beck, 1837, to Tosquinetia.

Ophiodes, Hartig, 1840, nec Wagler, 1828, to Ophiogastra.

Thalessa, Holmgren, 1859, wec Adams, 1858, to Megarhyssa.

Zarhynchus, Ashmead, 1900, ec Oberholzer, 1899, to Rhyncho-
thyreus.

Zetetes, Forster, 1862, zec Cabanis, 1859, to Opiellus.

OBITUARY.
DR. OTTO STAUDINGER.

The death of this prominent Lepidopterist is announced as having
taken place on October 13, at Lucerne, Switzerland, during a journey
undertaken for his health, and at the age of 71 years. | Dr. Staudinger’s
work is well known. It has been given to few to acquire his influence
over theoretical and practical workers alike. The new edition of his
standard catalogue of palearctic Lepidoptera, upon which the work has
been long in hand, has not yet appeared, but may very shortly be
expected. In this place we can only express our profound regret at
the closing of a long and prosperous career which has greatly benefited
the general cause of Entomology.—A. R. G, *

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 369

REV. G. D. HULST.

We deeply regret to announce the death of the Rev. George Duryea
Hulst, Ph. D., which took place suddenly on Monday, Nov. 5th, at his
residence, 15 Himrod street, Brooklyn, N. Y.. Mr. Hulst was in his fifty-
fourth year, and had been pastor of the South Bushwick Reformed Church
for over thirty years. In the entomological world he was widely known
from his researches in the Lepidoptera, and especially for his work in the
Geometridz, in which family he was recognized as an authority. He was
a frequent contributor to the pages of this magazine, and also published
elsewhere many elaborate papers on his special department of study. His
removal from among us, when in the prime of life, and with apparently
many years of useful work before him, will be keenly regretted by
systematic entomologists everywhere.

THE LIFE-HISTORY OF ARCT/A PHALERATA, HARR.

BY ARTHUR GIBSON, ASSISTANT, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL
EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA,

On the 18th June, rg00, Mr. C. T. Hills, of Chicago, was kind
enough to send me a batch of about 79 eggs of Arctia phalerata, Harr.
The parent moth was captured on the 12th June, and enclosed in a box
over night ; on the next day, the 13th, the eggs were laid.

£gg.—.75 mm. in width, semi-ovoid, about as high as wide, shiny,
smooth, creamy-white, concave at base.

The eggs hatched on the 2oth and 21st of June. Duration of egg
stage 7 or 8 days.

Stage /—Length 2mm. General colour dirty cream. Head .3 mm.
wide, bilobed, shiny, brownish-black, and bearing sparse slender hairs.
On each segment is a transverse row of black tubercles, which appear to
occur almost in a jine in the middle of the segments. These tubercles
bear long black and silvery hairs, and are situated in a light brownish
field, which encircles each tubercle. On segments 5 to 12, inclusive,
slightly nearer to centre of dorsum, and anterior to larger dorsal tubercles,
are two smaller tubercles, which also bear one crtwo hairs. Thoracic
feet and prolegs concolorous.

On the 23rd June the larv# were swollen, and on the 24th they
passed the first moult.

310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Stage /7.—Length 3.5 mm. General colour, some blackish-brown
with a light stripe on dorsum, others light brownish with a creamy stripe
on dorsum. Head .5 to .6 mm. wide, sparsely covered with short light
hairs and long slender dark hairs, bilobed, black at apex and on cheeks ;
frontal triangle whitish, with a slight tinge of brown. In the darker speci-
mens almost the whole of the head is black. Dorsal tubercles large, with
exception of the two anterior tubercles on segments 5 to 12, inclusive,
which appear smaller, and are like minute dots. The large dorsal tubercles
are now situated in a distinct light brown band. Lateral, stigmatal and
ventral tubercles smaller than dorsal series, varying in size from lateral
down. Between lateral and stigmatal series of tubercles are brownish
blotches, which give the appearance of stripes, or bands. These markings
are not so plain on the darker specimens. The bristles from dorsal
tubercles are black, with the exception of the small tubercles on segments
5 to 12, inclusive, which bear one or two whitish hairs. Remaining
tubercles bear blackish and whitish bristles. Stigmata brown. Thoracic
feet and prolegs concolorous, darkened at taps.

On the 27th June most of the larve passed the second moult.

Stage 7/7.—Length 5 mm. General appearance blackish hairy
larvee, with a pale yellowish stripe on dorsum, which is almost imper-
ceptible in some specimens. In the majority of the specimens, however,
this stripe was plainly distinguishable. Head.8 to 1.0 mm. wide, bilobed,
shiny, blownish black, sparsely covered with long blackish hairs ; frontal
triangle lighter in colour, with dark centre, in some specimens all black.
Dorsal tubercles large and shiny black, and bearing black bristles, varying
in length, some long and some short. Medio-dorsal tubercles on segments
5 to 12, inclusive, are very small, and bear two or more short white hairs.
This series of tubercles almost touches the pale yellowish dorsal stripe.
Lateral, stigmatal and remaining tubercles smaller than dorsal tubercles,
and bearing black and white bristles. In some specimens the skin of the
body is a deep black, with the exception of the dorsal stripe ; others are
lighter in colour of skin, and have the appearance of two stripes on the
sides, but this is due to the black shiny tubercles being more plainly
noticeable than the skin. Stigmata dark brown. Thoracic feet con-
colorous, splashed with shiny black ; prolegs concolorous.

On the rst July a number of larve passed the third moult, and by the

3rd all had moulted, :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. orl

Stage 7V.— Length 7.5 mm. General appearance, black hairy larve,
tubercles very prominent, some specimens having a yellowish dorsal stripe,
Of the whole batch of 71 larvee, the dorsal stripe was only present in seven
specimens. in the majority of the other specimens just the faintest sign
of this stripe was to be seen, while the remainder were perfectly black.
Head 1.2 to1.4 mm. wide, bilobed, shiny, brownish-black, sparsely covered
with long blackish hairs. Bristles from dorsal tubercles black, with a few
white hairs intermingled. The bristles from the stigmatal and ventral
tubercles in this moult are of a light rusty hue, in some specimens much
brighter than in others; there are also a few black bristles from these
tubercles. The medio-dorsal tubercles on segments 5 to 12, inclusive, are
very small and black in colour, bearing two or three bristles each. The
dorsal tubercles are very large, and bear numerous black bristles.
Stigmata black. Thoracic feet shiny, jet black, covered with short reddish
and blackish hairs. Prolegs concolorous, rather translucent, light at tips.

On the 7th July three larve passed the fourth moult, and on the 8th
the majority of the remainder moulted.

Stage V.—Length 11.5 mm. General appearance, black larvie with
black tubercles, bearing short and long black bristles, with rust-red
bristles from tubercles on lower half of sides. Head 1.5 to 1.8 mm. wide,
depressed at apex, shiny, black, sparsely covered with short whitish and
long blackish hairs. The reddish bristies on dorsum of second segment
turn down abruptly over the face, and give it a brownish appearance.
The dorsal stripe has disappeared, and is not present in any of the speci-
mens. Bristles from dorsal tubercles black, with a few grayish ones
intermingled. On the r2th and 13th segments the dorsal tubercles bear
one or two long hairs, black in colour, tipped with gray. The bristles
from upper half of stigmatal tubercles are black, those from iower half, as
well as all bristles below stigmata, rust-red. Spiracles black, with a light
orange centre, with exception of those on 2nd and 12th segments, which
are wholly bright orange. Thoracic feet shiny, jet black, covered sparsely
with short rust-red bristles ; prolegs concolorous, lighter at tips, also
bearing short rust-red bristles.

On the r4th July three larve passed the fifth moult, and by the 17th
nearly all had moulted.

Stage V/.—Length 15 mm. General appearance the same as after
the fourth moult ; the rust-red bristles on sides and dorsum of second
segment appear brighter. Head 2.0 to 2.4 mm. wide, of about the same

ore THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

size as the body, shiny, jet black, slightly depressed at apex, sparsely
covered with slender blackish and silvery hairs, with a number of short
light rust-red hairs around the mouth-parts. Bristles from the black
tubercles on the dorsum, black. Dorsal tubercles on 12th and 13th seg-
ments bear three or four long hairs. Upper half of stigmatal tubercles
bear black bristles, lower haif rust-red bristles. Bristles from all tubercles
beneath spiracles bright rust-red. On dorsum of segment 2 the bristles
from front half of tubercles are bright rust-red. These turn down over
the face, and give front portion of larve a reddish appearance. Spiracles
orange, in some specimens faint. Skin of body deep velvety black.
Thoracic feet shiny, jet black, sparsely covered with short rust-red bristles.
Prolegs, upper two-thirds shiny, jet black ; lower third and claspers dull
reddish ; the whole bearing short rust-red bristles.

On the 23rd July three larva passed the sixth moult, and by the 31st
all but a few had moulted.

Stage V//.—Length 24 mm. General appearance, velvety black
larve with black tubercles, bearing short stiff black bristles on dorsum,
and bright rust-red bristles from the tubercles below stigmata. In some
specimens there is a distinct clear ochre-yellow dorsal stripe, expanded
somewhat in the middle of each segment. In others, instead of the
dorsal stripe there is a series of elongated spots of the same colour, one
on each segment ; the number of spots constituting this series varies,some
specimens having as many as nine, others only one or two. Head 2.5 to 2.8
mm. wide, slightly smaller than second segment; shiny, jet black, depressed
at apex, and sparsely covered with short reddish hairs, and some long
slender blackish hairs, the reddish hairs being mostly around the mouth-
parts. Base of antenne and mentum pale. Bristles from dorsal tubercles
black. On dorsum of segment 2 the anterior half of tubercles bear rust-
red bristles, which turn down over the face. In some specimens the
bristles from tubercles on segment 2 are all reddish, with only a few black
bristles. Dorsal tubercles on segment 3 also bear some rust-red_ bristles
in some specimens. Medio-dorsal tubercles on segments 5 to £2, inclusive;
bear a small bunch of short black bristles. Tubercles on dorsum of seg-
ments 12 and 13 bear a few longer black bristles. In some specimens all
the dorsal tubercles bear a very few bristles of a dark rusty colour.
Lower halves of the stigmatal tubercles bear bright rust-red bristles. All
bristles below spiracles, including those from ventral tubercles, are bright
rust-red. Tubercle i. small, about one-fifth size of tubercle ii. ; tubercles

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ane

without shining base. Bristles smooth, not barbed. Stigmata bright
orange. ‘Thoracic feet shiny, jet black, dull brownish at tips, and sparsely
covered with rust-red bristles, some short and some long. Prolegs, upper
two-thirds shiny, jet black; lower third and claspers light rust-red, covered
sparsely with short, reddish bristles.

Length of mature larva before spinning cocoon 30 mm., width at
widest part 8.5 mm.

On the 26th July one Jarva passed the sixth moult, and showed the
clear ochre-yellow dorsal stripe (rather faint on segments 2, 3 and 13).
Another moulted the same day, and in this specimen, instead of the
dorsal stripe, occurred a series of elongated ochre-yellow spots, one on
each segment, from segment 4 to 12, inclusive. On the 26th July, also,
seven more specimens passed the sixth moult, the ochre-yellow varying
in these specimens from very faint elongated spots only on one or two
segments, to a distinct dorsal stripe, faint on segments 2, 3 and 13. On
the 28th one larva moulted, and in this instance the dorsal stripe was
distinct, but only present on segments 8 to 12, inclusive. In this, the
sixth and last moult, out of the whole batch of 64 larve, only 17 speci-
mens showed the ochre-yellow on dorsum; the remaining 47 were
perfectly black, and no dorsal stripe or spots whatever were present.

On the 1st August eight specimens began to spin their slight cocoons
between the leaves, and on the following day changed topupx. In some
later specimens it was two days before the pupa was formed, but in the
majority of the specimens the change took place the following day.

The cocoon is very thin, and is simply a slight network or web of
reddish-brown silk, covering the pupa. The larva draws the leaves of the
food-plant together by means of threads of silk, or folds up a leaf, fastening
the edges together, and spins its slight cocoon inside.

Pupa.—Length 19 mm., width at widest part 6 mm. ; black slightly
pruinose, abdomen minutely pitted, thorax and _ wing-cases slightly
wrinkled, dull reddish-brown in folds of abdomen. Cremaster rough and
short, rounded above and hollowed below, terminating in a bunch of
about 20 capitate bright rust-red bristles of varying lengths.

On the morning of the 13th August four female moths emerged, and
by the following morning five more females had appeared. During the
afternoon of the 14th the first male moth emerged. ‘The moths continued
to emerge every day for about a week and a half.

Length of pupal stage about 12 days.

374 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY?.

On the 23rd August two live females and one male, all of which had
just emerged, were placed out of doors in a cage made of wire cloth, and
two days later the females laid a large number of eggs.

On the 2nd September, 80 larvee hatched, and by the 4th September
35 more had emerged. The description already made of this stage agreed
with these specimens.

The larvee which hatched on the 4th September passed the first moult
on the morning of the 9th, and showed no difference from those described
in former brood.

On the 12th September one larva passed the second moult, and many
others on the foilowing day. These also were the same as the specimens
described previously. ‘

On the 17th September a number passed the third moult, the remain-
ing specimens moulting on the 18th and 19th. At this time the number of
larve living was 8s, and in this moult, out of the whole batch, 22 specimens
showed the dorsal stripe ; in three or four gf these specimens the stripe
was present on segments 3 to 11, inclusive, but in most of the specimens
it was only observable on a few of the middle segments.

On the 25th September a number passed the fourth moult, and by the
28th nearly all had moulted. The larve in this moult showed no sign
whatever of the dorsal stripe, and the description already given above of
this stage answers well for this batch.

On the 4th October some passed the fifth moult, and by the 7th
nearly all had moulted. These also corresponded with the description
already made. In many of the specimens, however, the rust-red bristles
on sides were not so bright or numerous as in the first lot of larve.

On the 16th October eight specimens passed the sixth moult. At this
time—in fact, a few days earlier—the larvze were very quiet, and had almost
stopped feeding, only a very little frass being found each day in the
breeding jars.

On the 18th October four more specimens passed the sixth moult. Of
these 12 larve, only one specimen showed any sign of a dorsal stripe, and
in this case the colour of the stripe was just a little lighter than the velvety
black of the skin. The rust-red bristles from sides of these specimens
were also not so bright or numerous as those already described. The
hairs on the face were mostly blackish, and in some specimens none of the
dorsal tubercles bore rust-red bristles. :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Bid

—_—— ===

From the 16th to the 26th October the larvie had practically stopped
feeding, and at this latter date they were put down in a cool cellar, to be
left there throughout the winter.

Food-plant.—The larvie of the first brood were fed on dandelion and
plantain, those of the second on dandelion only.

In the Journal of the New York Entomological Society for March,
tgoo, Dr. Dyar publishes an article entitled “ Preliminary Notes on the
Larve of the Genus Arctia.” In this paper some remarks are made regard-
ing the mature larvee of Arctia phalerata and Arctia vittata, and itis stated
that “‘the matter is not decided beyond question as to whether pha/erata or
vittata has the larva with the dorsal stripe, or whether this is a specific
character at all.” ‘The notes on the mature larve of phalerata, as given
in the present paper, throw some light upon the matter, and it will be
readily seen that the dorsal stripe is not a specific character, as it is present
in some mature larve, and totally absent in others. This will agree with
both Professor French’s description and also with the notes of the
Department of Agriculture at Washington.

With regard to vittata, I might say that on the 26th May last I found
a specimen of the mature larva at Ottawa, which spun a very slight cocoon
two days later, and produced the moth on the rst june. This larva was
a reddish, hairy caterpillar, with no sign whatever of a dorsal stripe, and
not at all like those mentioned above.

The following description was taken from the cast skin and head of
larva: Head 3.3 mm. wide, jet black, bearing sparse long slender
blackish and reddish hairs, and some short rust-red hairs. Skin of body
velvety black, tubercles rough, not polished, bearing bright rust-red
bristles, those on dorsum slightly darker. Bristles smooth, not barbed.
Tubercle i. about one-fifth size of tubercle ii. Thoracic feet blackish
brown, covered sparsely with rust-red bristles.

Pupa.—Length 24 mm, width at widest part 8 mm.; black, pruinose,
covered with a bloom similar to that on a ripe unrubbed pium; folds of
abdominal segments with slight reddish tinge. Abdomen minutely pitted,
wing-cases and thorax slightly wrinkled. Cremaster rough, short, rounded
above, slightly hollowed beneath, and terminating in a bunch of about 18
capitate rust-red bristles of varying lengths.

From the first brood of phalerata 55 moths were bred. In over half
of these specimens the costal edge of the primaries is narrowly black, that
of the others being yellow. Dr. Dyar, in the above paper, says that the

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

costal edge of phaderata is yellow, and remarks that this may possibly be
a distinguishing character between A/alerata and nats, as the costal edge
of all his specimens of the latter is black. ‘This, of course, agrees with
many of our specimens of pha/erata, but on account of the black edging
being present in the majority of those bred at Ottawa, it would appear
that this character is not of specific importance. In about ten female _
specimens all the yellow markings on the primaries are suffused with the
ruddy colour of the secondaries, but there is a remarkable lack of variation
in the whole series, both with regard to colour and markings.

[ beg gratefully to acknowledge assistance from Dr. Fletcher in con-
firming my notes in the above investigation, and also to-Dr. Dyar for the
determination of this species and of the specimen of 4. vittata referred

to above.

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Society was held in London
on the 13th, 14th and 15th of November. ,On the first evening a joint

meeting with the London Horticultural Society took place in the Norma!
School, and was very largely attended. Prof. James, Deputy Minister of
Agriculture, presided, and gave an interesting address on the beneficial
effects of the pursuit of horticulture. Mr. W. E. Saunders read a paper on
‘The planting, care and pruning of the trees in the parks and streets of
the city,” and was followed by Dr. James Fletcher, who gave an address,
illustrated by lantern pictures, on the growth of trees, and the insect
enemies of the flower and fruit garden.

The morning of the 14th was taken up witha business meeting of the
Council. In the afternoon the various reports of the Directors, Officers,
Branches and Sections were read, and then followed an important discus-
sion on the San José scale in Ontario. Mr. Fisher, the Provincial Inspect-
or, gave an account of the work that had been performed during the year
for the repression of the scale, and the results that had been obtained from
the use of various remedies. Dr. Fletcher, Prof. Webster (of Ohio), Prof.
Lochhead, Mr. Dearness, Dr. Fyles, and others, took part in the discussion.
The speakers insisted strongly upon the very dangerous character of this
insect, its wide dissemination in several parts of the Province, and the
destruction that would be surely wrought among the orchards and fruit
plantations if stringent measures were not taken for its subjugation.

In the evening the Rev. Dr. Fyles read his presidential address on
‘Insects as agents in the cross-fertilization of blossoms,” and papers
were read by Prof. Webster on the Codling moth, Prof. Lochhead on
Forest Insects, and Mr. Gibson on the life-history of Arctia phalerata.
The points brought forward by the speakers were discussed with much
interest and animation at the close of each paper. ~

--
~S

“I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

On Thursday a large number of papers were read during the day,
which will be published, with a full account of the proceedings, in the
forthcoming Annual Report. The election of officers resulted as follows :

Prestdent—Rev. T. W. Fyles, D.C.L., F.L.S., South Quebec.

Vice-President—Professor William Lochhead, Ontario Agricultural
College, Guelph.

Secretary—William E. Saunders, London.

Treasurer—J. A. Balkwill, London.

Directors : Division No, 1—C. H. Young, Ottawa.

Division No. 2—J. D. Evans, Trenton.
Division No. 3—D. G. Cox, Toronto.
Division No. 4—James Johnson, Bartonville.
Division No. 5—R. W. Rennie, London.

Directors Ex-officio (ex-Presidents of the Society)—Professor Wm.
Saunders, LL.D., F.L.S., F.R.S.C., Director of the Experimental Farms,
Ottawa ; Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M. A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., London ; James
Fletcher, f F.L.S., F.R.S.C., Dominion Entomologist and Botanist,
Experimental Farms, Ottawa ; W. H. Harrington, F.R.S.C., Ottawa ;
John Dearness, Normal School, London; Henry H. Lyman,M.A., Montreal.

Librarian and Curator—J. Alston Moffat, London.

Auditors—]. H. Bowman and W. H. Hamilton, London.

Editor of the Canadian Entomologist—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London.

Editing Committee—Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal;
J. D. Evans, Trenton; W. H. Harrington, Ottawa; Prof. Lochhead, Guelph.

Delegate to the Royal Soctety—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London.

Delegates to the Western Fair—J. Dearness and Dr. Bethune, London.

Committee on Field Days—Dr. Woolverton, Messrs. Balkwill, Bow-
man, Elliott, Law, Moffat, Percival, Rennie, and Saunders, London.

Library and Rooms Committee—Messrs. Balkwill, Bethune, Dear-
ness, Moffat, and Saunders, London.

ERRATA.

Vol. XXX., 1898, page 280, line 10 from bottom, for “clavipennis ”
read ‘“ claripennis.”—-—D. W. CogQuILLetTt.

Page 236. third line from bottom, for Guaris read Gauris.

Page 320, line 22 from top, for ‘varieties of Aphrodite and
Bischoffi ; ” read “ varieties of Aphrodite, and Bischoff,”

[Comma after Aphrodite and another after Bischoffi, instead of semi-
colon. | - -

NOTE ON SES/A ARCTICA, BEUTEN.
BY WM. BEUTENMULLER.

In advance of my forthcoming memoir of the Sesiide, I published
in the current volume of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 208, a
description of a new Sesta from Alaska, but through a curious blunder
on my part omitted to mention the name of the species, and herewith
propose to call it Sesza arctica.

Mailed December 10, 1900.

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INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII.

Acacia Farnesiana, Coccus on, 65, 66.
Acidalia niphe, 7.

Acknowledgments, 184, 359.
Acrocaula, n. gen., 169.

ae comacornella, n. sp., 170.
Acrolophus Arizonellus, 309.

“s cervinus, 308.

A synopsis of species, 308.

a violaceellus, 309, 326.

notes on species in the
Museum, 333. _
species taken in Manitoba,

Acronycta,
British
Acronycta,
93) 94-
Acrosoma maculata, n. sp., 100.
Agapostemon melliventris, 304.

‘ radiatus, 303.
‘ Texanus, 303
‘s viridulus, 303.

Ageniinz, table of genera, 296.

Agonoderus pallipes injuring corn, 271.

Agraulis vanillz, 8.

Aldrich, J. M., article by, 318.

Allograpta obliqua, 60.

Amblychila cylindriformis, 109.

Amphicarpza monoica, Tineid feeding
on, 244.

Amphisa luridana, 239.

Anaphora macrogaster, 327.

ne Morrisoni, 327.
- popeanella, 309, 327.
ca propinqua, 327.

ae

tenuis, 326.
Anaphorinz, new species of, 326.
S table of genera, 306.
Anisodactylus sericeus, 270.
Anosia menippe, 8.
Anthocharis ausonides, 119.
flora, 108.
fs olympia, 366.
Anytus obscurus, n. sp., 218.
‘* profundus, n. sp., 218.
Apamea didyma, type of genus, 210,
292.
Aphelininz, a new genus from Chile, 167
Aphelininz, description of new genus
in, 349.
Aphides, new species of, 29, 56.
Aphidius Fletcheri, 60.
- Washingtonensis, 60.

|

Aphylis, n. gen., 168.

oN Chilensis, n. sp., 168.

Archonias lyczas, 358.
Arctia phalerata, life-history of, 369.
ap Miltata, 975
Arethea consuetipes, n. Sp., 332:
Argas Americanus, 20.
Me columbe, 20.
EE DECSICUS e7-
os reflexus, 20.
Argynnids of North America :

J. Snyder, 319, 350.
Argynnis aglaia, 7.

as Freija, 119.

2 Frigga, var. Saga, 119.

4 Nevadensis, 366.

oo the neuration of, 7.
Argyrodes Floridana, n. sp., 98.
Artemisia Californica, Coccus on, 313.
Ascalaphus (Myrmeleonidz), 184.
Ashmead, W. H., articles by, 145, 185,

295, 349, 368.

Aspidiotus hederz, 214.

KS parasites of, 168.
Crawii, 214.

ue cydoniz, 215.

cs rapax, 214.

Aspidiotus ( Hemiberlesia) candidulus,

NesSp., 130s
Aster umbellatus, root-borer of, 280.
Asterolecanium hederz, 215.

Atopocera Barnesit, n. sp., 326.
Atteva aurea, 39.
“_ gemmata, 39.
Atylotus bicolor, 247.
Aurora nigrocinereella, n. sp., 176.
Automeris Janus, spine-bearing larva
of, 236.

Automeris, notes on, 235.

Arthur

Baker, C. F., articles by, 49, 207.
Ball, E. D., articles by, 200, 337.
Banks, Nathan, articles by, 30, 96.
Barnes, William, article by, 42.
Barrett, O. W., article by, 234.
Bassus lzetorius, 59.
Bees, New Mexico, of
Coelioxys, 297.

the genus

380,

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII.

Bees, notes on Colorado, 303.

Bees, notes on New Mexico, 361.

Bembidium = 4-maculatum = injuring
strawberry plants, 271.

Bethune, C. J. S., articles by, 1, 119
120.

Beutenmuller, W., articles by, 208, 301,
377: ;

Bird, Henry, articles by, 226, 276.
Bogue, E. E., article by, 205.

Bolter collection of insects, 184.
Bombomelecta larree, n. sp., 361.
Bombyx cunea, 16, 87, 122, 193, 286.

Book notices, 119, 159, 192, 216, 319,
351.
Brachycephalus = Brachycranium, n.

gen, 368.

Brazil, new species of Coccidz from, 3.

Brenthia pavonicella, 243.
a the genus, 243.

Brenthis hecate, 7.

Burdock (Lappa major),
ing, 15

Butler, Witter G., article by, 91.

insect affect-

Butterflies, additions to list of Mani-
toba, 365.

Butterflies, classification of the, 359.

Butterflies from the Yukon, 119.

Butterflies, neuration of, 7, 289, 359,
367.

Butterflies, new species and varieties
of, 42, 92, 348, 358.

Butterflies, sale of, 132.
Butterfly lists, 8, 365.

Caberodes subochrearia, n. sp., 107.
Cacus = Oethecoctonus, n. gen., 368.
Callarctia, Chinese genus, changed to
_ Euleechia, 347.

Callilepis insularis, n. sp., 97.
Calopompilus, n. gen., 188.
Cambridge Natural History,

some notes on, 234. J

Cameel Doorn tree (Acacia giraffe), 23.
Campanita (little bell cocoon)

vol. vi.,

= . . y = 35-

Canarsia gracilella, n. sp., 174.

Canidia = Canidiella, n. gen., 368.
Capparis cynophallophora, —Pyralid

larva on, 272.
Capulinia crateraformis, n. SPs 30
ss jaboticabze, 4
Sallei, 4.
Carabidz feeding upon vegetable sub-
stances, 265.
Carneades holoherba, 225 (plate).
st Laggane, 225 (plate).
Catocala Barnestt,

ae

n. Sp., 190.

Catocala, larva of, 189.

Catocala, list of black-winged spec ies
of the United States, 1g1.

Catocala moderna, n. sp., 191.

* new species from Texas, 191.
the genus, 188,
species taken in Manitoba, 95.

Caudell, A. N., article by, 67.
Centris Cockerelli, 363.
ie Hoffmanseggiz, 363.
Centris rhodopus, var. pulchrior,

var., 363. ; ,
Ceratosoma = Ceratogastra,n. gen., 368.
Cerostoma Koebelella, n. sp., 40.

. Synopsis of species, 41.
Change of preoccupied names, 347.
Cheese and bacon fly, 159.
Chenopodium album, Aretian larva on,

325:

Chionobas Alberta, 365.
jutta, 366.
varuna, 366.
Chlorotettix nudata, n. sp., 340.
es stolata, n. sp., 341.
tunicata, nN. sp., 340.
Choreutsdze, sy nopsis of genera, 238.
Choreutis and its allies, North Ameri-
can species of, 236. :
Choreutis Bjerkandrella, 241.

eS extrincicella, n. sp., 86.
inflatella, 242.
leucobasis, nN. Sp., 242.
occidentella, n. sp., 86, 242
onustana, 242.
sororculella, n. sp., 86.
Synopsis of species, 85,
the genus, 240.
virginiella, 243.

Chrysomela varians, antenna of, 257 (fig. )
Chrysomphalus aonidum, 214.
a dictyospermi,
Chrysopa oculata, 60.
Chrysophanus dione, 365.
Cicadula potoria, n. sp., 346.
Cicindelidze of Kansas, 109.
Cicuta maculata, larva boring, 229.
Clepticus = Wischoxorides, n. gen., 368.
Clinopleura flavomarginata, Nn. Sp., 332.

oe

Rs

oe

oe

241.

214.

Clisiocampa disstria, a new popular
name for, 27, 54, 68.
Coccidz, Bibliography of | Massa-

chusetts, 9.
Coccidz, new species of,
205, 311, 360.
Coccidze, of the Ivy, 214.
Coccidology, contributions to, 64.
--Cockerell, T.-D.A., articles by, 91}
129, 297, 361.

3, 64, 129,

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIl. 381

Cocoon of a Hesperid, 234.
Cocos nucifera (Cocoanut Palm), larva
injuring foliage, 157.
Celioxys Apacheorum, n. sp., 299.
** deplanata, 297.
Gilensis, 299.
grindelia, n. sp., 300.
menthze, 298.
meesta, 298.
octodentata, 297.
Portere, n. sp., 298.
ribis, n. sp., 301.
rufitarsis, 298.
Sayi, 297.
Ceelioxys, tables for separating New
Mexico species, 297, 300.
Ceelonotus = Protaphidius, n. gen.,368.
Canocalpe cenonymphata, n. sp., 104.
Colzenis Julia, 8.
Coleosoma blanda, 98.
“6 Jloridana, n. sp., 98-
Colias eurytheme, 366.
Colletes nigrifrons, n. sp., 3
Coloradia Doris, n. SP. 46.
Condemnable practices in generic re-
visions, 166.
Copaxa multifenestrata, larva of, 236.
Coquillett, D. W., articles by, 33.
Cosmia punctirena, n. sp., 222.
Crioceris merdigera, antenna of, 257
(fig.).
Crioceris, mandible of, 259 (fig.).
Crotalaria longirostrata, larva within
flowers of, 156.
Crustulina borealis, n. sp., 98.
¢ table of species, 99.
Cyaniris pseudargiolus, proposed alter-
ation of name, g1, 116.
Cymatophora evagaria, n. sp., 106.

304.

Dactylopius citri, synonyms of, 215.
es Farnesianz, 66.
filamentosus, 64.
[rishi, n. sp. 129.
maritimus, N. Sp. 316.
quercus, N. Sp. 315.
Texensts, n. sp., 65.
vastator, 64.
Danais archippus, late occurrence of, 2.
Dandelion, Arctian larva on, 375.
Deltocephalus apicatus, 0. sp., 285.
caparatus, n. sp., 343-
comatus, 1. Sp., 343-
elimatus, n. Sp-, 345-
gnarus, 1. Sp., 345-
grammicus, N. Sp., 204.
Melsheimeri, 207.

De. picephdlies Sonorus, 1. Sp-, 345+
Destructive green-pea louse, 56.
Diadasia apacha, 363.

sf diminuta, 363.

Diaspis Arizonicus, n. sp., 131.
Dichogama Redtenbacheri, partial lite-
history of, 271.
Dichopetala brevicauda,

Dione Juno, 8.
Diptera inhabiting wheat fields, 212
Doberes Mexicanus, 235.
Dodge, G. M., article by, 92.
Dolichopodidz, a decade of, 134.
Dolichopus misellus, n. sp. 136.

es SINCerus, N. SP., 136.
Donacia crassipes, larva of, 249.

Ee piscatrix, larva of, 249.
Donaciine, larve of, 250.
Doryphanta Portere, n. sp., 91.
Drasteria conspicua, n. sp., 224.

4 distincta, 225 (plate).
Drosophila pollinosa, 36.
Dryas paphia, 7.
Dyar, Harrison G., articles by, 16, 37,

S45 Ui, 155, 250) 27s 284, 305; 347:
Dyaria, notes on the genus, 284.

TaSpiesgie

Eacles imperialis, var. didyma, 192.

“ var. nobilis, 192.
Eatonia scopulifera, 32.
Ecphora = Ecphoropsis, n. gen., 365.
Ehrhorn, E. M., article by, 311.
Ehrmann, G. A., article by, 348.
Elwes, H. J., article by, 116.
Entomological expedition into Southern

Mexico, 213.

Entomological muddle,

se ae

an, 121.

a rejoinder, 193.

Entomological Society of Ontario, an-
nual meeting, 376.

Entomological Society, election of offi-

cers, 377:

Entomological Society of Ontario,
Montreal Branch, 120.

Entomological Society of Ontario,
Toronto Branch, 158.

Entomological Society of the North-

west (Canada), 225.
Entomologists’ Directory :
M.D., 119.
Eois Crossii,, 0. sp-, 105.
‘* purpurascens, N. Sp-, 105-
Epetra Arizonensis, nN. sp-, 100.
Epeolus Cressoni, 362.
os occidentalis, 361.
Epeolus occidentalis, var. segregalus,n
var., 361.

H. Skinner,

382

Epeolus remigatus, var. JJartint, n.

var., 3062.
Epermenia pimpinella, n. sp., 162.
Ephydra austrina, n. sp., 36.
Ephydridz, new genera and species of,

ag
Epilepsy, a parasite the supposed cause

of some cases, 263.
Erebia discoidalis, 366.

** epipsodea, 366.

Erebus odora at Orillia, 288.
Eriogonum latifolium, Coccus on, 316.
Errata, 108, 120, 225, 367, 377-
Eucatoptus striatella, n. sp., 163.
Eucorystes = Hucorystoides, n.

368.
Eugenia jaboticaba, Coccus on, 3.
Euleechia, new generic name, 347.
Leulepiste Cockerelli, n. sp., 307.

ee Cressoni, 306.

oC maculifer, 306.
Eulimacodes Telligii, n. sp., 46.
Euprepia caja, var. Americana,

history of, 321.
Euptoieta claudia, 365.

ss neuration of, 8.
Kuryopts 5-maculata, n. sp., 97-
Eurythmia Coloradella, n. sp. 175.
Eustixia pupula, larva of, 155.
Lutettix insana, n. sp., 203.

ee stricta, N. Sp. 204.

Euzophera tnornatella, n. sp. 173:

gen.,

life-

Felderia dorsimacula, n. sp., 328.

ne filicornis, 310.
Fernald, C. H., article by, 236.
Ferreolomorpha, n. gen., 188.
Field, H. H., article by, 166.
Fletcher, J., articles by, 159, 192, 273.
French, G. H., articles by, 188, 263.
Fyles, Rev. Dr., accident to, 116.
Fyles, Thomas W., articles by, 15, 87,

193.

263,

Gastrophilus epilepsalis, n.
318.
Gastrops nebulosus, 1. Sp., 34-
Gelechia persiczella, 164.
Geometridz, new species of, 102.
Gibson, Arthur, articles by, 2,
Gloveria Arizonensis, n. sp., 48.
Glyphipteryx, synopsis of species, 54.
WC go-punctata, n. sp., 84.
Gnaphalium polycephalum, leaf-miner
on, 241.

Sp-,

369.

22
321,

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII.

Gortyna erepta, 107.

id micacea, type of genus, 225.
Grant, C. E., article by, 287.
Grapevine roots, Coccus on, 5.

Grapta J-album, partial life-history of,

273% :
Grote, A. R., articles by, 7, 68, 107,
118, I19, 191, 209, 225, 289, 292,

352, 359, 367- _
Gymnopternus mirificus, 1. SP., 137:

Habrocestum signatum, n. sp., 101.
Hadena arctica, 287.

‘* cerivana, n. sp., 220.
Hematopinus columbianus, nN. Sp., 215.
Hzmonia nigricornis, 249.

Me zostera, 249.
Halisidota propinqua, 235.
Hancock, J. L., article by

25.

’
Hanham, A. W., article by, 365.
Harpalus caliginosus as a strawberry
pest, 265.
Harpalus ruficornis, 160.
Harpalus ruficornis, eating seeds of

strawberries, 268.
Harpalus Pennsylvanicus eating seeds
of ragweed, 270. _
Hawaii, larve from—a correction, 156.
Heath, E. F., article by, 93.
Hemerophila pariana and its synonyms,
236. :
Hemerophila, the genus, 239.
ig vicarialis, 240.
Hempel, Adolph, article by, 3.
Hercostomus anarmostus, 1. SP. 139.
a table of species, 138.
ihe vetitus, N. sp., 138.
Hine, J. S., article by, 247.
Hipparchia Ridingsii, 366.
Hofmann, Dr. O., death of, 118.
Holconotus = Aulonotus, n. gen., 368.
Holland, Dr. W., appointed Director
of the Carnegie Museum, 216.
Honora fumosella, n. sp., 174.
Howard, L. O., articles by, 54, 167,
353:
Hubner's Tentamen and Verzeichniss,
236.
Hulst, Geo. D., articles by, 13, 102,169.
Hulst, Rev. G. D., death of, 369.

Hyadina albovenosa, n. Sp., 34+

Hydrecia cerrusata, life-history of,
Zain

Hydreecia circumlucens, 283.
ch Harrisii, life-history of, 282.

Hydrecia impecuniosa, life-history of,
279- 5

Hydreecia inquaesita, 283.

> larval characteristics, 227.
lunata, 107.
Hydreecia marginidens, life-history of,

>?
-<-Y-

Hydrzcia micacea, 229.
aS new histories in, 226, 276.
nictitans, 367.
Hydrecia nictitans, type of genus, 209,
225, 293-
Hydreecia rutila, 63 (plate).
ee ‘* life-history of, 276.
Hydraecia, species taken in Manitoba,
95-
Hydreecia stramentosa, 61 (plate), 119,
133-
Hydriomena amorata, 1. sp., 104.
Hydrometra lineata, a study of, 70.
S: stagnorum, 71.
Hymenoptera, some changes 1n generic
names, 368.
Hyphantria cunea, 16, 87, 123, 193-
+ punctata, 87, 123, 194.
Hyphantria punctatissima, 16, 87, 122,
193 (plate), 287.
Hyphantria textor, 16, 87, 123, 194
(plate).
Hyphantria, var. budea, 16.
Hypoclopus griseus, 307.
“ mortipenellus, 307.

Ichneutes sp., parasitic on the purslane
sawfly, 54-

Idiocerus distinctus, 208.
% Duzei, 207.

lachrymalis, 207.

mimicus, 208.

pallidus, 208.

perplexus, 207.

productus, 208.

ramentosus, 207.

striola, 207.

verticis, 207.

Index to Entomological Reports, 347.

Insect bites and the effects thereof, 17.

Issoria lathonia, 7.

Ivy, Coccidz infesting, 214.

Jassidz, new, from the South-west, 200.
es notes on Idiocerus, 207.

two new species of, 285.

Jassid fauna, additions to Western, 337.

Johnson, C. W., article by, 246.

Johnson, Willis G., article by, 56.

oe

Kermes trinotatus,; 1. sp., 205.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII. 383

.
King, George B., articles by, 9, 214, 360.
Knaus, W., article by, 109.

Laphygma flavimaculata, 156.
Larrea tridentata, Coccus on, 130.
Laverna argentimaculella, n. sp., 101.
Lecanium hesperidum, 214.
e maculatum, 214.
obscurum, Ne SP. 5.
oleae, new parasite of, 349.
Silvetrat, n. Sp. 5-
Ledereria virens, type of genus, 209.
Lepidium virginicum (Peppergrass),
larva eating seeds, 155.
Lepidoptera, a Natural History of the
British: J. W.) Tutt, 351-
Lepidoptera, new North American, 42,
102, 161, 169, 208, 217, 242, 307.
Lepidoptera, notes on captures, 93, 119.
Limenitis ursula, var. ceru/ea, n. var.,
345.
Limneria = Limnertum, n. gen., 368.
Liogaster = Liolryphon, n. gen., 368.
Loboptera Americana, 329.
Lonatura nebulosa, n. sp., 341-
ee noctivaga, 0. Sp. 342:
Lounsbury, C. P., article by, 17.
Lucasiella, n. gen., 32.
“ Halleri, 3
¢ plumifer, 33.
plumipes, 33-
Luperina testacea, type of genus, 211.
Lyczna boetica, 156.
a rustica, 365.
seepiolus, 365.
Lyman, Henry H., articles by, 119,
121, 286, 319.
Lyman, Henry H., biographical sketch
Ofte
Lyman, Henry H., portrait of, 1.

2
re}

2
d

oe

ae

MacGillivray, A. D., article by, 177.
Mally, C. W., appointed assistant
Entomologist of Cape Colony, 55.
Mally, C. W., article by, 51.
Mamestra negussia, n. sp., 219.
Mamestra, species taken in Manitoba,
95-
Manitoba Lepidoptera, captures of, 93.
Margarodes flegia, life-history of, 117.
Maricopa albocostella, n. sp., 176.
Martin, J. O., article by, 70.
McNeill, Jerome, article by, 77.
Megasis cinctella, n. sp., 172.
Melander, A. L., article by, 134.

384 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII.

Melanoplus differentialis in New Jersey
and Pennsylvania, 28.
Melitaa Chalcedon, ab. fustmacula, 42.

Ci a ab. Mariana, 42.
Au Harrisii, 365.
_ Senrabiz, 1. sp.,.43-

MVelitara junctolineella, n. sp., 173:
Merolonche spinea, 336.
Metanastria psidii, 235.
Metzneria lapella, life-history of, 15.
JMJicrotes, n. gen., 329.

“ nubila, n. Sp., 330.
Mieza igninix, 39.

‘* psammitis, 39.

‘* subfervens,- 39.

‘* Synopsis of species, 39.
Mineola rubescentella, n. sp., 169.

a scttulella, n. sp., 169.
Mites, on two genera of, 30.
Moffat, J. A., articles by, 61, 133.
Monoptilota, n. gen., 13.

a nubilella, n. sp., 14-
Murtfeldt, Miss M. E., article by, 161.
Moyelois dulciella, n. sp., 176.
JTytocnema, n. gen., 349.

Bt Comperet, n. sp., 349.

Nectarophora destructor, n. sp., 58.
Needham, James G., article by, 69.
Vematoproctus venustus, n. Sp., 142.
Nemoria Dyarii, n. sp., 105.
Neolophus persimplex, n. Sp., 327:
Neonympha canthus, 366.
Neophasia epyaxa, 355.
Neophasia Terlootii, new variety of,
358.
Neophasia Terlootii, notes on, 358.
Neophasia, var. Princetonia, n. var.,
358.
Nephelodes pectinatus, n. sp., 221
Nephopteryx modestella, n. sp., 170.
Neuration of Butterflies, 7.
Neuration, the principle which underlies
the changes in, 289.
Noctua inopinatus, 225 (plate).
Noctuid genera, types of, 209, 292.
Noctuidz taken in Manitoba, 93.
Nomada Illinoiensis, n. sp., 294-
‘< parva, n. sp., 294.
SENT OE-CKE
Nomenclature, a question of, 318.
Nostima, n. gen., 35-
¥ Slosson@, N. Sp., 35.
Nymphza alba, Donacia
roots, 253.

larva on

Oak-gall from New Mexico, a new, 91.

Obba = 7osquinetia, n. gen., 368.

Obituary, 118, 368, 369.

Ochria flavago, 229.

Octotoma plicatula, pupa of, 256, 262
(figs. ). ;

Odonata, nymphs of northern, still
unknown, 69.

GEnothera biennis, larva mining leaves,
162.

Omiodes Blackburni, 157.

Omophron labiatum injuring ~young
corn, 270. F

Ophiodes = Ophiogastra, n. gen., 368.

Orange, Coccus on, 64.

Orchelimum, key to species of, 77.

Orchemia Diana, 238.
“ the genus, 238."

Orgyvia Cslart, n. sp., 45-

Ormerod, Miss E. A., degree of LL.D.
conferred upon, 108.

Ormerod, Miss E. A., Twenty-third Re-
port on Insects, 159.

Ornithodoros Savignyi, 20.

Be turicata, 20.

Ortalidaw, new North American, 246.

Ortholéphus piger, n. sp., 327-
bee rariabilis, 310, 327-

Orthoptera, new or little-known Cali-
fornian, 329.

Orthoptera, notes’on Tettigean group,

Ne
m=O Se
Osborn, Herbert, articles by, 215, 285.

Pamphila hianna, 365.

SS Manitoba, 365.
ag ottoe, 367.
He uncas, 367.
Panurginus Cressoniellus, 364.
2 Porter@, 0. sp., 364.
Papilio asterias, var. sem7t-alba, n. var.,

345.
Papilio Machaon, var. Aliaska, 119.
Papilio philenor, var. obsoleta, n. var.,
348.
Papilio troilus, var. 7Texanus, n. var.,
348.
Papilio Turnus, 119.
Paraclius hybridus, n. sp., 141.
Paratissa, n. gen., 36.
a pollinosa, 36.
Paramesus furcatus, n. sp., 285.
Parasa prasina, 347.
«c_-wellesca,, 347-
Parkinsonia Torreyana, Coccus on, 131.
Parotis flegia, 117.
Passadena, n. gen., 171.
tr constantella, n. sp., 171.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII. 385

Peach, leaf-miner on, 166.
Peach leaves, larva feeding upon, 166.
Peas, destructive aphis on, 56.

els es parasitesattacking, 59.
Pelastoneurus Wheelerii, n. sp., 140.
Peoria albidella, n. sp., 175.
Pepsinz, table of genera, 185.
Pergande, Theodore, article by, 209.

Phalzena punctatissima, 87, 122, 193,
287.
Phassus argentiferus, 235.
triangularis, 235.
Phenacoccus artemisia, n. sp., 313.
ue bahia, n. sp., 314.
ae hedera, 214.
Up stachyos, 1. Sp., 313;

Philereme nigrescens, n. sp. 104.
Philodromus inequipes, 0. sp., 99.
Phlepsius albidus, n. sp., 203.

= cumulatus, n. sp., 202.
Phlepsius cumulatus, var. arctostaphylos,

n. var., 202.
Phlepsius graphicus, n. sp., 201.

Se 7osea, D“Sp:, 347-
lascivius, N. Sp., 200.

sia turpiculus, n. sp., 200.
Phragmatobia rubricosa, 119.
Phycitinze, a new genus and species of,

cas

13-

Phycitinze, some new genera and spe-
cies of, 169.

Pieris napi, 366.

as “« var. venosa, 119.

protodice, 365.

Pimpinella integerrima, leaf-miner on,
163.

Plantain, Arctian larva on, 375.

Platymetopius latus, n. sp., 50.

é Oregonensis, N. Sp., 49-
ornatus, N. Sp., 49.
tenuifrons, nN. sp., 50.
Plusia chalcites, 157.

Plutella cruciferarum, 4o.
4 dubiosella, 4o.

maculipennis, 40.

Plutellinze, genera of, 4o.

Podabrus rugulosus, 60.

Poling, Otto C., article by, 358.

Polyommatus ladon, g1, 116.

Pompilidz, bibliography of the genera,
149.

Pompilidz, classification of the family,
150.

Pompilidz, table of subfamilies, 153.

Praon cerasaphis, 60.

Proctotrypoidea, characters of the
superfamily, 146.

Prosopis velutina, Coccus on, 130, 132.

oe

ae

ae

Pseudalypia Geronimo, n. sp., 44.
Pseudanaphora arcanella, 310.

“ Davisellus, 310.
Psilopa flavida, n. sp., 33.)
ve similis, 0. Sp., 33-

ae

varipes, N. SP. 33>
Psorophora ciliata, early stages of, 353.
% remarks on, 353.
Psorosa Texanella, n. sp., 174:
Pulvinaria from New Mexico, 360.
Tinsleyi, n. sp., 360.
Purslane sawfly, 51.
Purslane sawfly, sudden disappearance
of, 318.
Pyrameis atalanta, 366.
as cardui, 366.
Pyrameis Huntera, var. Fu/via, n. var.,

>

Pyrgota Chagnoni, n. sp., 246.
Pyrgus Polingii, n. sp., 44.
Pyrgus tessellata, 367.

Quercus agrifolia, Tineid feeding on,
245-

Quercus chrysolepis, Coccus on, 313,
316.

Quercus nigra, Kermes on, 206.

Quercus stellata, Tineid feeding on,

245.

Rehn, James A. G., article by, 28.

Rhagidia, list of species, 31.

Rhopalosiphum viole, n. sp., 29.

Rhyncholophus (Macropus) plumifer, 32
- plumipes, 32.

Ripersia serrata, n. sp., 66.

Rivellia Floridana, n. sp., 247.

Robertson, C., article by, 293.

Rucinia Californica, n. sp., 99-

Salebria afflictella, n. sp., 170.

= lacteella, n. sp., 171.
NIgricans, N. SP., 171.
Slossonella, n. sp., 170.
Sanderson, E. D., article by, 249.
Sarata cinereella, n. sp., 172.
Sarcopsylla penetrans, 20.
Schizocerus Zabriskei, life-history of,

we

5I-

Schizocerus Zabriskei, sudden disap-
pearance of, 318.

Scius cinctipes, 1. sp., 101.

Scudder, S. H. article by, 329.

Seed-eating habits of Carabidz, 270.

Seirarctia Clio, var. Jessica, n. var., 45.

Selagia australella, n. sp., 174.

386 INDEX TO

Selidosema delicatum, n. sp. 106.
Sergiolus bicolor, n. sp., 96.
Sesta arctica, note on, 377.

‘** from Alaska, a new, 208, 377.
rutilans, 208.
Sesiidz, food-habits of the larvae, 301.
Setiosoma Fernaldella, 41, 245.

Ge the genus, 244.
xanthobasis, 41, 245.
Silk from a spider, 264.

Simethis pavonacella, 41.

ae

oe

ae

Vicarilis, 41.

Sinea coniplexa, n. sp., 67.
Slingerland, M. V., article by, 26.
Smith, John B., articles Dy, P2175 333-
Snyder, A. H., article by, 350.

Solanum nigrum, larva

feeding on
berries, 164.
Solidago sempervirens, root-borer of,
3s
<i | .
Spermophilus Columbianus, louse in-

festing, 216.
Sphzerophoria cylindrica, 60.
Sphingidz taken in Manitoba, 93, 94.
Sphinx convolvuli, 157.
Spiders, new North American, 96.

Spilosoma antigone, 16, Sy USS, LASKY
287.
Spilosoma congrua, 16, O71 23° 8 198

(plate), 286.
Spilosoma prima, 16, go.
“ virginica,
Spodoptera mauritia, 157-
Stachys bullata, Coccus on, 31d:
Staudinger, Dr. Otto, death of, 368
Stenaspilates albidula, n. Sp, 1o7.
Stenopterina bicolor, n. sp., 246.
St. Louis Academy of Science, 328.
Stories of insect life : Mary E. Murt-
feldt and Clarence M. Weed, 192.
Strawberries — injured by Harpalus
caliginosus, 265.
Streptococcus pyrogenes, 19.
Sugar-cane, Coccus on, 66.
Svnelys pergracilis, n. Sp., 105.
Syrphus Americanus, 60.
Systema Lepidopterorum Hildesize : A.
R. Grote, 216. ‘

123.

Tabanidz, new species of, 247.
Tabanus pruinosus, n. sp., 248.
- thoracicus, n. sp., 248.
Tachytrechus protervus, n. Sp., 143.
et volitans, N. Sp., 143.
Tamarind, Coccus on, 64.

VOLUME XXXII.

Tenthredo zqualis, 180.
st Aldrichii, n. sp., 183.
alphius, n. sp., 182.
atracostus, n. sp., 183.
atravenus, 18o.
causatus, 1. sp., 178.
erythromerus, 183.
Fernaldii, n. sp., 177.
Junghannsit, n. sp., 179.
lunatus, n. sp., 180.
NIGVICOXT, Ni. Sps5 Tai.
nigrifascia, N. Sp.,, 1842 °
nigrisommus, 183.
olivatipes, n. sp.; 180.
pallipunctus, 182.
remotus, 180.
rubripes, n. sp., 178.
rubrisommus, 0. Sp., 181.
ruficollis, 183.
rufostigmus, 179.
Savaget, n. sp., 184.
sicatus, N. Sp., 179.
Slossonti, n. sp., 179.
subceerulea, 182.
terminatus, 181.
Tephroclystis Bolteri, n. sp., 102.
~ lachrymosa, n. Sp., 103.
plenoscripta, A. Sp., 103.
plumbaria, n. sp., 102.
tenebrescens, . Sp., 103.
Tetracha virginica, 110.
Tetralopha formosella, n. sp., 169.
Tetraodontonyx, n. gen., 187.
sé rufipes,n. sp., 187.
Tettigidea chichimeca australis, n. sp.,
26. :
Tettigidea galapa, n. sp., 25-
Thalessa = MWegarhyssa, n. gen., 368.
Thamnotettix chiragrica, n. Sp., 337+
es Cockerelli, n. sp., 339-
Heidemanni, n. sp., 338.
Osbornt, n. SPp., 337-
perexigua, 0. SP., 339:
Thecla augustus, 365.
= ie CLS ESOS:
mirabelle, n.
titus, 365.
Thelethia extranea, 86.
Thelvetia neriifolia, Pyralid attacking,
117.
Therina l@ta, n. sp., 107.
“ lugubrosa, n. sp., 106.
Tick, effects of bite, 17.
Tineidz, new, with life-histories, 161.
Tineidz, notes on some North Ameri-
can species, 305.

ae

st Sp:, 43-

ae

_Tinsley, J. D., article by, 64.
| Titus, E.'S: G., article by, 303;

INDEX TO VOLUME XXXII.

Tolype Glenwoodii, n. sp., 47.
Trelease, W., article by, 328.
Trichostibas calligera, 40.

Sy fumosa, 40.
Trimerotropis grattosa, 0. sp., 330.
Tse-tse fly, 18.

Types of Lepidoptera :

120.

Fiz Strecker,

Ufeus plicatus, 96.
Ulmus Americana, Grapta larva on,
272
figs
Urila, 1. gen., 175-
*s incongruella, n. sp., 175-

Vanessa antiopa, var. grandis, n. var.,
345.

Vanessa Mibertii, 366.

Vernonia noveboracensis, root-borer in,
232.

Vespoidea, classification of the super-

: family, 145, 185, 295+

Vespoidea, table of families, 146.

Violets, new plant-louse on, 29.

Walsinghamia diva, 41, 244.

387

Walsinghamia Slossonia, n. sp., 244-

Wasps, classification of the Fossorial,
Predaceous, and Parasitic, 145,
185, 295.

Webster, F. M., articles by, 51, 212,
265, 318.

Wheat fields, Diptera frequenting, 212.

Wright, W.G., article by, 108.

Nanthia pulchella, n. sp., 223.
NXerophilaspis Parkinsoni@, n. sp., 131.
Xylococcus quercus, nN. Sp., 311.
Xylomiges pallidior, 225 (plate).

Yukon, butterflies from the, 119.
Yponomeuta multipunctella, 38.

i orbimaculella, 38.
es Synopsis of species, 3.
Yponomeutidz, North American, 37, 54.
- Synopsis of genera, 37-

Zarhynchus = Rhyncothyreus, n. gen.,
368.
Zetetes = Ofiellus, n. gen., 368.
Zophodia epischnioides, n. sp., 173:
oa Suscatella, n. sp., 173:

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