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WOODS HOLE, MASS. 


LOANED BY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 


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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XXXV. 


AUD ERT GE ERO: Wim Visc er rorare ai susucysuniateiotsteieke es tereterae bras sisters .Moscow, Ipano. 

ANS 8 WW OAUOL OIE AG CICA OM Ie pe re aa Nara oe on ae WASHINGTON, D. C. 
EAE OA AS Mepeavaresthevt Besse coe oaks annem tnae: are ieerctte rahe Pos nrctain sth verte Lonpon, ENGLAND. 
LEV AW sed RC OO Del DEAN [UST ORM BINE on. oto She noo OUT Os AcEtiee oReOnay AGric. COLLEGE, LoGan, UTAH, 
BTAINIEES  CINIACTETIAUN 7c, ante tyesatecs ete otetens otic revstoistesals cose sietatete ests East Enp, Va. 

BE TEIGINE, REEVE Ca jt SasGihen Pditor meme mremeniisltas eee Lonpon, On?v. 

DES TURRET) 57S EUIEEING RY erat see ce te ee arco one Ate os eae Rye, N. Y. 
BRADLEY, (J CHESTER (ts i250) ate ic rete ne ain eeeni Ooleraas PHILADELPHIA, Pa. 
BRUTE ONG! Wes hie io lace Bice teak shes per fe ayy ena me eg eg Obed faa New Haven, Conn. 
BROOKS 5 FEE ODOR Paseo eee (eee ee ESC GUANTANAMO, CuBA. 
BUENO} Je Re-DEVEAUR OR RIB nn sss cote aoe ee eee New York. 

CASEY MWATOR MDH ONIAS Gee 7 ayant seer ee oan Sr. Louts, Mo. 

OYE Oi DB} Del Ba BARU CRON i ote ona ne ocr ta 6 GEE IOm Ico adorate.5 Ges WasHINGTON, D. C. 
CTA RIRG ATU SiN pelle waa caaits  icfaiors crc layd oeetres aise aero CAMBRIDGE, Mass. 

GIG AIRE WPA RUIN Bape tetera spas eva vers Gk ctatieso vo eed ca eee BERKELEY, CALIF. 
COCKER ERE VER © Bey Dy WArr aii accrcsits.s pete ale hos, sleet ree CoLoRADO SPRINGS, COLO. 
© ©) SS ea) ese VV TeV Des ot saute atiniotn cine ot aw erates Sere ame Kasto, B. C. 
CCLOTONT IS WE Ree a Bt Ans cigis mI O BD OETEL METIS Bir Omer CTE AREAR eas BozEMAN, MONTANA. 
COLONIE TRIED AD be NAYS asa aedgeeacd cn soe. orc LSE meT aaa mime .Wasuineton, D. C. 
KERTAWVGELO) DD es Gres RM rar weet yc cya) doce aia ra on ieisia'e oreo Sieg ahere West Pornt, NEBR. 
IDYOBAGU Dy (Coy SI eo ae cy oO CORTE nc IO CTREE ete CE MSE Lourstana, Mo. 

TD IYeAUR a1) Rs EARLS ONE Gry pa ag acre sie yes Seo ce erage Seated Ml ays Paya Wasuineton, D. C. 
TAY IAIN S HI KOE N/M DEY hs ae ee 2 ooo ees Ae tit Ar eet ek ogre TRENTON, ONT. 

RE TRINAUE 1 Se) Rew Elie eee ts teeny iste a, tt eA ER Meee ie chee note AMER SIs, WVEASSS 
ERIN AMEDD SINR Sis Gay Hee =p eerie os toe LeU Dae ne ah Ga AMHERST, Mass 
BERNA DPR Ol Co EL wae nme earth eal ok ee CaN eg. Oro) AMHERST, Mass. 
Gb C EIB R se DREAM B Sicrtracas seins hate icc hacen se ates nee OTTAWA. 

ERENCE ER OB Ga blcase ns tccpe aot cee lias ioe oeierte CARBONDALE, ILL. 
LEVEN BS NRG EN Doty 0s COT ANSON WY eg ee ee Levis, P. Que. 
GLE S ON NEARS EUR 5 aie een Pope ae taster ars eee ee OTTAWa. 
GRIN NT CHER Re aan tes. 3 ee ae ise eine ccle eee MILWAUKEE, WIs. 
GRO PES PROE ACR AT CL THER spac s asus oeronee ae HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 
EVAVRSRVIIN Goa @) NEW a ELA GUE. oe eeriee cen ee nee een eae OTTAWA. 

EGENIS RO Ee Op AVE Sa S25. scat ace meer tales core eee ieee CoLumBus, Onio. 
ELOISE eg) RR EAN CUD es aici carseat ere eae oa ee ere eae WasuHiIneTon, D. C. 
FLO WARD) OD) Bese se OU ee 02 chal epee A ope tty ese eter era WasuinctTon, D. C. 

STI OUEGNS ONG Wo Got ors arco Fyn ER eee ret ir eye enka New YORK. 

UG DIDS x opal RU AE 1 S|. a RAR ie SS ea ae ae ee METLAKATLA, B. C. 
LUNE AEA MONA CID letae «Sea ae SIME Sa otis Hace Bittoe ian fem ere ne LAWRENCE, Mass. 

Pe YAVUAUNE ATE NURGV aS EL VDA 5-7: .ckeeen eee eis tetter acer elo ee mee MONTREAL. 

AY AN RAGAN Ee We Ora LN Sete oe ee eo on (chats: bo ioe ae femeae WASHINGTON, D. C. 
NOFA Jee AES MONG Aerie eesis acct teem eer are eee Lonpon, ONT. 
NVEORURANE TES. (AUS SEIN GA tec toot ns, cid See Ren eed hee oe et AGRIC. COLLEGE, Mass. 
INIFID IDI eV le WeIRO aS YAU USS Cer cao acc noe scanadane aesaunoeeue LAKE Forest, ILL. 
@UEATINGIVAIN CE AS Ee oat aceisit rsa ada Ce ee eee nd elec oes COLLEGE Park, Mp. 
ROBERTSON CHARI E S.-i 5.25.15 eae eso ere oes seen CARLINVILLE, ILL. 
SANDERS © Nig O}b eB) Vill Giblebeeeteey sera era ey AGRIc. COLLEGE, TEXAS. 
S CHAI BIE RES © eee ota sie hic ake at ee aN cane oe BROOK Lyn, N. Y. 

SS CED VEAUREZ, 3 Ee A 2 Re race ta ts OR ES PP ie te le see ete Broa WasSHINGTON, D. C. 
STLOSSON;, \MIRS AeA a le ea. coos els Seer, dom, Aitciecr: FRANCONIA, N. H. 

SSMU WITT) 1h UPS RCO) 2 tl Gul Biotest otal D apes etn one ke Ge SN aol oe aes ST a New Brunswick, N. J. 
SEMEN S © NigiG ERARIE ES 28 cai ane ete arene een ee nee aaa MONTREAL. 

SAI DAN CRAY ENZO. eal & (a tean 2 GAMA Pin A OE eo A eee ae ee Lincotn, NEBR. 

MELE OBA D SRE Di Vie 8 a. Ween See PE ies tee ate ee Lonpon, ENGLAND. 
INC S OE ee Cran AN OS or ag OB Rd Pe a er a Re WasHINGTON, D.C. 
NAVINI EY PST BY a IN Pa oY [ee ene a acre eh ph en En eR eee TORONTO. 

IV GANS ETFs UR RING sky ©) Bees tyes pues tenet a pe Tce ey eine aun Rormeee St. ANTHONY Park, MINN. 
WAVES RITE NINDS FBG DA Vi Ses) | mane Pe ee 9p een en ne LUXEMBURG. 

WEES Sib Ree RO err bs MV terete ch onc coe Mati acy sawtencks erve hacer Urpana, ILt. 

\USAIGISCTS We 2 Pe © iad & (I ey ee eee ee AE a oo ee Sa Iowa City, Iowa. 


BVV ALEC TTVANIVIS see onl wees ese eee Sen es tec sl ls fee adie, See dl TORONTO. 















CO. NEW YORK, al 
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Nay AL WIS 





Canadian Entomologist 


VOLUME XX. 





Ephemera simulans, Walk. 


EDITED BY 


Remac J*S. Bethune, MA, DCL. RSI 


LONDON, ONTARIO. 





EDITING COMMITTEE : 


Dr. J. Fletcher and W. H. Harrington, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, 
Montreal; J. D. Evans, Trenton ; Prof. 
Lochhead, Guelph. 


London, Ontario: 
The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited / 





1903. 


CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXV. PLATE I. 








WILLIAM E. SAUNDERS. 
SECRETARY OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO FROM 1887. 








The Fanadiay ¥ontomotonist. 





VoL. XXXV. LONDON, JANUARY, 1903. No. 1 








WILLIAM E. SAUNDERS. 

In this issue of our magazine we have pleasure in presenting to our 
readers a portrait of the Secretary of the Entomological Society of Ontario 
for the last fifteen years, Mr. W. E. SauNprERs, who is well known as a 
prominent member of the fraternity of Canadian naturalists. Mr. 
Saunders’s home is in London, where he was born and where most of his 
life has been spent. His father, Dr. William Saunders, Director of the 
Experimental Farms of the Dominion, has always been devoted to 
the study of the natural sciences, and hence the son’s attention was in 
early years directed to similar pursuits, interest in them being maintained 
by the making of collections in the different departments. Geology, 
Botany, Entomology and Ornithology all in turn provided object-lessons 
for study, training the mind to habits of close observation and filling the 
leisure of later years with delightful employment. 

After a few years of miscellaneous collecting, Mr. Saunders turned 
his attention more exclusively to Ornithology, and as soon as the use of a 
gun was permitted he commenced a scientifically-arranged collection of 
our native birds, showing male and female in summer and winter 
plumage, with any variations from the types; also the nest and eggs of 
each species. Year by year the collection is added to, until now it 
numbers over 1,000 specimens. Mr. Saunders’s birds. are his intimate 
friends, and whether in his own house or on the public platform, his ‘ Bird 
Talks,” illustrated with specimens, show to his audience that he speaks of 
what he has learnt by personal experience in the fields and woods. His 
enthusiasm for this study is such that he counts it no hardship to walk 
miles into the country in time to hear some favourite songster greet the 
dawn. He has also been known to spend a night in the woods in the 
depths of winter, just to see what he missed by spending his nights in 
bed ! 

About two years ago Mr. Saunders accompanied his father on an 
official visit to Sable Island, a place he had long wished to go to in order 


a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





to see the only known breeding place of the “‘Ipswich” sparrow. The im- 
pressions of this trip were given to the public in an article in one of our 
local papers, which has since been adapted for some of our scientific 
magazines. Mr. Saunders was able also to enrich his collection by 
several specimens of the rare sparrow, as well as some other beautiful 
birds which have their habitat on that interesting island. 

Although Mr. Saunders is kept fully employed in looking after his 
business interests, he finds a change of work sufficient to afford him the 
rest he needs ; hence, he has employed his leisure time in many pursuits, 
and while Ornithology may be called his principal ‘‘ hobby,” he has gone 
rather extensively into gardening and horticulture generally—extensively, 
considering the size of his lot on Central Ave., but the amount of fruit 
and flowers there produced is a surprise and pleasure to all his summer 
visitors. His well-known love for these pursuits and his knowledge of 
horticulture generally has occasioned his recent election to the chairman- 
ship of the committee who have in charge the care of the street trees in 
London. 

Mr. Saunders received his education principally in London, though 
two or three years were spent in boys’ colleges elsewhere. As it was 
considered best for him to enter the drug business so long conducted by 
his father, he was sent for two years to the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy, where he graduated with the highest honours. Soon after his 
return to London he was taken into partnership with his father, but on 
the latter being appointed Director of the Experimental Farms of the 
Dominion, Mr. Saunders retired from the retail business and entered into 
the wholesale exclusively. 

On the establishment of the Western University he was appointed to 
the chair of Chemistry, which he held until the claims of his own 
business forced him to relinquish the position. 





We regret to learn that the Entomological Society of Belgium has 
recently lost its venerable President, Dr. PIERRE-JULES TOSQUINET, 
retired Inspector General of the Health Department of the Army, Officer 
of the Order of Leopold, and honoured with the Civil Cross of the First 
Class and also the Military Cross. He died at Saint Gilles, October 
28th, 1902, in the 78th year of his age. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. o 





CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS,; OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 

(Paper No. 11.—Continued from Vol. XXXIV., p. 291.) 

Famity XXXIV.—Sapygide. 

The wasps belonging to this family, on account of the emarginate 
eyes in the females, and the abdomen being usually marked with yellow or 
white, closely resembles those in the families J/yzinzde and Scoliide, but 
may be easily distinguished by the great difference in the legs, the middle 
coxe being approximate, the outer face of the tibiz being smooth, 
unarmed, wthout tubercles or spines, while the tarsi are without strong 
spines or bristles, and unfitted for digging. 

The antenne, too, are different; they are inserted much farther 
apart, being nearer to the eye margin than to each other. The pronotum 
is broader, abruptly truncate anteriorly, with the front angles more 
acute, while the venation, at least in the front wings, is wholly different 
from the venation in the Myzimzde and the Scoliide, the stigma being 
distinct, never small, the marginal ceil larger, lanceolate, the basal nervure 
slightly arcuate, with the cells different. The males are easily known by 
the wnarmed hypopygium. 

In habits the species agree with those in the Zrigonalide, being 
parasitic in the nests of wasps and bees. 


Table of Genera. 

1. Head normal, w2t/out smooth, blister-like swellings along the inner 
margin of the eyes and on the vertex ; ocelli large, distinct... ..2. 
Head w7¢i smooth, blister-like swellings along the inner margin of the 

eyes and on the vertex ; ocelli small, indistinct. 
Antenne at apex similar in both sexes, the last joint in the male 
not enclosed by the penultimate...... (1) Eusapyga, Cresson. 
(Type E. rubripes, Cr.) 
2. Antenne dissimilar in the sexes, not filiform ; mandibles with unequal 
RECUR ce a Tied nde ARES aid tae re naa Gee Men c7 Ce eee 
Antenne similar in both sexes, filiform, tapering off at apex ; mandibles 
broad, 3-dentate, the teeth blunt, equal; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, 
labialpalpi4-jomted = Ja: ss. e te 2) ee olachrim, Spinala. 
(Type P. repanda, Spinota.) 


4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





3. Third joint of the antennee wof longer than the fourth ; second cubital 
cell narrowed above ; antennz in female clavate, in male subfiliform, 
the last joint more or less enclosed by the penultimate ; mandibles 
3-dentate, the teeth acute, the outer tooth a little the 
MOMEESE cece Wt Ries Sn ckawans mr ajenay ny A eteleta otra 80 aS cp Ae mee LL: 

. (Type Apis clavicornis, Fabr.) 

Third joint of the antenne longer than the fourth; second cubital cell 
not much narrowed above ; antennz in feinale subfili- 

ROTI a ace ade iy Oe ana ee te ..(4) Sapygina, Costa. 

(Type oes recente. Jurine.) 


FamMity XXXV.—-Myzinide. 


This family is usually classified with the Scodi7de. According to my 
views, it is quite distinct, although closely allied, and is easily separated 
by the difference in the shape of the eyes in the females, and by the 
totally different armature of the male genitalia. 

The eyes in a female Myzinid are always entire, never emarginate 
within, as in the Sco/éide The males have the eyes emarginate or 
sinuate within, much as in the Scoliide, but are easily distinguished 
by difference in venation and by the armature of the genitalia, the 
tip of the abdomen always ending in a single upward curved aculeus. 

In the Sco/itde the abdomen in the males terminates in three 
straight spines. 

The family is without doubt favaszt7c, but nothing seems to be 
known of the habits of the many species already described. 

Many of our species are common in midsummer and early fali; 
they are conspicuous and easily observed, and some of our younger 
entomologists should make an effort toward unravelling their life- 
histories. 

The genus AZenisus, Du Buysson, I do not know; it may be 
Sapygid, but I am unable to place it from the description. 

The species in our catalogues, under the genus JZyzine, do not 
belong to it, but should be removed to the genus /7esza, Jurine. 


Table of Genera. 


1. Females: eyes entire, zo¢ emarginate within... .... 2.02.0. 00.5...2. 
Males: eyes more or less emarginate within...................11, 
2. Wings fully developed, normal . atic: aM. eis ee 


Wings much abbreviated, the apex and cea or Pinlehcas Ser 9. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 


3. Front wings with ¢hree cubital cells, rarely with two cubital cells ..4 
Front wings with two cubital cells. 
Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent 
MEFVULESH. fc). can te tea edege es « beecllotiphia, Cameron: 
(Type P. albomaculata, Cam.) 


4. Marginal cell not at all or only slightly separated from the costa ; 
three cubital cells, the second and third each receiving a recurrent 
TEEVMIC rye etd ie elias cosine a Caca 8 SIMU. b ©. Se Re MERE meee Rea ecko 


Marginal cell widely separated from the costa, nearly to the stigma, 
and directed forward into the disc of the wing, so as to occupy the 
place usually occupied by the third cubital cell. 

BapoeewitalleGelss. 5: <2 sbiiclas rhe Ayes obs) sym nis ale Soviets ote ok ae aaa ge 


Dr eer cubital Cell Sturt ste eee ee EE cuo co ee eee Os 


5. Thorax elongate, the pronotum long; hind tarsi twice longer than 
their tibiz ; cubitus in hind wings Pee before the transverse 
RCNA pe cy. see ee a ele react oe . Hemimeria, Saussure. 

(r ype ‘Myaine Savignyi, Guér.) 


6. Second cubital cell neither small nor petiolate:..-..°........2..7- 
Second cubital cell very small, longly petiolate ; hind tarsi not twice 
loneer (ham their tibieecrgee as. «ooo... - qvbyzine, Watreille: 


= Tachus, Jurine. 

= Meria, Mlliger. 

(Type Tiphia tripunctata, Rossi.) 

7. Second cubital cell large, longer than wide, trapezoidal, recciving the 
recurrent nervure far beyond the middle ; hind tarsi about twice as 

long as their tibie ; cubitus in hind wings originating behind the 
transverse median nervure; mandibles long, — sickel-shaped, 
edentate.. re aye Taree xan elestas ULI. 
(Type Tiphia namea, Fabr.) 


Second cubital cell not so large, receiving the recurrent nervure at the 
middle; mandibles stout, curved, edentate.. Dimorphoptera, Smith. 
(Type D. scoliiformis, Smith.) 

8. Cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median 
nervure ; hind tibiz elongate, triangulate ; last joint of hind tarsi 

not smaller than the fourth.. ..Micromeria (Westwood) Saunders. 
(Type Meria, Llugii, Westwood.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Io. 


1 fi Ge 


12. 


14. 


Cubitus in hind wings originating (?) before the transverse median 
nervure ; hind tibie » Blobasers last joint of hind tarsi very 


FONE Go 6c Giew:  oe'« faim wie Fee ORE eS eee ees GUCLIN: 
(Ty ype +P: femorata, Guer.) 
Wangs glabrous, 707 <HAITY ys. 55.9 oa.ti need he ee a ee EO. 


Wings hairy, strongly fimbriate. 
Apical lobes of front wings unequal; stigma and veins 
absenten.cu se od Se ee 2 oe Niomarovia, Radesckewse: 
(Type K. victoriosa, Radoszk.) 
Apex of wings bilobed, the marginal cell wanting ; ome cubital and 
two discoidal cells; mandibles at apex bifid; hind tibial spur 
moderate; Straight and acute. -.. a6). se Pseudomeria, Saunders. 
(Type P. graeca, Saund.) 
Apex of wings pointed; ove or ¢wo discoidal cells; mandibles 
at apex simple, edentate; hind tibial spur very long, slender, 


acute (Atrica)iwnia< i. de... 2 cle ke Seudotiphiay Asam..: @.-nov. 
(Type Tiphia brevipennis, Lucas.) 
Prontswines withy/77e cubital “cells, 7 ee et ae oe ee 


Front wings with ¢qwo cubital cells. 
Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent 
NEPVMGES 0a eee Go ne oe ei teda ss PECCHORpa, (Camenon. 
Marginal cell at apex wo? at all or only slightly separated from the 
costa; second cubital cell large, irregularly quadrangular, 


trapezoidal or pentagonal, longer than the third ..........13, 
Marginal cell at apex widely separated from the costa; second 
cubital cell small, longly petiolate............Myzine, Latreille: 
Marginal cell shorter, rounded or truncate at apex ; second cubital 
cell lone, im: outline trian onlar 2) sider ciaNelene cick aa ee) we wane At 


Marginal cell long, its apex oblique and with a slight curve inwards 
near the costa; three cubital cells, the second cell large, the 
second and third each receiving a recurrent nervure, or the 
second recurrent is interstitial with the second transverse cubitus ; 
cubitus in hind a originating defore the transverse median 
nervure. st ORE igs 2 Rs eos hoy Riel een Steed Ie: 

Apex of Bela sell narrowly rounded; second cubital cell 
receiving the first recurrent nervure af or a little before the 
middle, the second recurrent nervure received by the third cubital 


cell. deforeithe mmnddley rie ak oso ikm ea . Micromeria, Saunders, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 7 





Apex of marginal cell briefly truncate ; second and third cubital cells 
each receiving a recurrent nervure at ora little beyond the middle; 
cubitus in hind wings eee a little before the transverse 
median Nervure “tees arises Bie ck . Mesa, Saussure. 

loupe M. hiapueraeaune: Sauss.) 
Famity XXXVI.—Scolide. 

This family is very closely allied to the ALysinzde, but may 
be easily separated by having the eyes in the females distinctly 
emarginate within. The males also have emarginate eyes, but are 
more easily distinguishable by abdominal peculiarities, the tip ending 
in ¢hree straight spines, but never in a single upward curved aculeus as in 
the Myzinide. 

The species are parasitic upon the larvee of beetles belonging to the 
family Scarabaeide, and probably also upon other ground-inhabiting 
beetle larve. 

Two subfamilies may be recognized : 

Front wings with only owe recurrent nervure ; if with two, the second 
recurrent is incompletely formed, and bends backwards so as to unite 
with the first, the second cubital cell Seen only one recurrent 


nervure. okie MSs BERS ck atarts atk .. Subfamily I.—Scoliine. 
Front wings eiith two comple recurrent nervures, both of which are 
received by the second cubital cell.......... Subfamily I].—Elidine. 


SUBFAMILY I.—Scoliinz. 

In this. subfamily the front wings have only a single complete 
recurrent nervure, which is received by the second cubital cell. The 
group is evidently an offshoot from the £~@¢dine, which have two 
complete recurrent nervures. 

Table of Genera. 
1. Front wings with four discoidal cells, the third usually triangular, often 


petiolate (ig 2: : St, SAS Te ern: MEAD 2; aaa 

Front wings with Mires discon eclls 
Lio. Closed: cubital cellsen wet. oso ste oe DIscolias Saussure: 
(Type Scolia apicicornis, Guér.) 


vifree. closed. cubitaleellshyc. . ate goray. wee ae Scolia, Fabricius. 


= Triscolia, Sauss. 

= Triliacos, Sauss. (partim.) 

(Type S. flavifrons, Fabr.) 

oeaezic eubital cells), o. vd.o6 02s « REA . Diltacos, Sauss. et Sich. 
‘(Type Series violacea, Lepels.) 


8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








f Aree CuaA ORNS. 0 ei 3 soe 2 Pen . Liacos, Guerin. 
Se T rilipeoe, Sauss. et Sich (partim.) 
(Type L. dimidiata, Guérin.) 


SupraMiLy II.—Ehdine. 

This subfamily is separated from the Sco/iine by having two 

recurrent nervures, and both being received by the second cubital cell. 
It is the older type of the two subfamilies, and is clearly shown by 
~ the more numerous cells in the front wings. 

The present conception of the genus #/s appears to be wrong. 
£iis, as established by Fabricius, was a most composite group, and some 
of the species originally placed in it by Fabricius did not even belong to 
the same family. 

Fabricius, when he established //s, placed under it seven species, 
viz.: (1) £2. sexcincta, (2) E. interrupta, (3) E. seniles, (4) E. 7-cincta, 
(5) &. cylindrica, (6) E. volvulus and (7) £. cochleata. Subsequently, 
some of these were placed in other genera, and the first species, 
Elis sexcincta, became the type of the genus AZyzine, Latr. After going 
carefully over the literature, I find that the only species left to which the 
Fabrician name £/is may be applied is Zdis (Scolia) 7-cincta. This 
must now be considered the type of the genus; it will throw out 
the generic names, Co/pa, Lep.; Compsomeris, Lep., and Dée/is, Sauss., 
and what we have been calling #//s becomes Zrée/is, Saussure. 


Table of Genera. 


a. Front. wings with 727ceor four eubitalvcelise:.. . oe a eee 
Front wings with ¢zo cubital cells. 
Three discordal célls.0.))). sho) ERR, oe, is, Pabrrenus. 


= Compsomeris, Lep. 
=Colpa, Lepel. 
= Dielis, Sauss. 
(Type Scolia 7-cincta, Fabr.) 
2. Front wings with ¢free closed cubital cells. 
Chree discordal- cellist. 22,201.62 SO spect eS STIne: 
= Bilis sass. ct svuc; 
(Type Elis consanguinea, Sauss.) 
Pour discoidal Cells.2% <0) < sedan ctla eae ce et es IDOE! 
(Type T. Saussurei, Grib.) 
Front wings with fowr closed cubital cells. .Tetrascolia, Ashm., g. nov. 
(Type Compsomeris Urvillit, Gueér.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 9 





NEW NOCTUIDS FOR 1903.—No. I. 
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, N. J. 


Feralia Columbiana, 0. sp.—Ground colour a bright emerald green, 
the maculation black and white. Head with a black interantennal spot. 
Collar with a black patch at its centre and at the base of each primary: 
tipped with whitish, Behind the collar there is a black edging to the 
disc and the loose basal tuftings are black marked. The edges of the 
patagia are black along the disc and at the base of the wings. The 
thorax itself is small and quadrate, the maculation just described forming 
a black square in its centre. The abdomen is deep smoky brown, 
yellowish or whitish at tip. Primaries with all the lines black, prominent, 
yet fragmentary. Basal line single, accompanied by a few white scales, 
becoming diffuse at the inner margin. T. a. line single, followed by a 
white line, Outcurved as a whole and irregularly bent or curved outwardly 
in the interspaces. It may or may not be connected with the basal line 
by a black bar below the median vein. T. p. line very irregularly 
dentate, broad, a little diffuse outwardly, preceded by a white line, the 
tooth on vein 4 carrying the line nearest to the outer margin. The 
median shade line is irregular, broken, almost upright, coming between 
the ordinary spots and tending to become obsolete below the middle of 
the wing. If complete the tendency is to a black powdering through the 
outer half of the median space. There is no s.t. line. The space 
between t. p. line and outer margin is even to a series of large black, 
interspacial terminal spots which are preceded by white scales. Beyond 
these spots the fringes are cut with blackish, the intermediate spaces 
whitish, Orbicular round or oval, more or less completely outlined in 
white and black. Reniform large, upright, a little constricted in the 
middle, an inner, diffuse white line to the incomplete black defining line. 
Claviform indicated by black scales and more or less white filled. The 
secondaries may be entirely blackish with white fringes, or there may be 
a whitish margin and base of indefinite extent. Beneath with a geminate 
extra-median line on all wings; secondaries with a large black discal 
spot. The primaries have the terminal space green, but within that 
everything is more or less black powdered to the base. A large black 
patch on the costa between the outer line and the terminal space. The 
breast is a mass of smoky blackish long fine hair. The legs are banded 
and ringed with black, white and green. 

Expands 40 mm, = 1.60 inches, 


10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





Habitat: New Westminster, British Columbia, 1896 (Fletcher) ; 
Northwest Territory (Ottolengui). ok 


Two males in good condition, very much alike, yet different: The 
specimen from Dr. Fletcher came some years ago and was associated 
with Aomophana Comstocki, because of the tendency to powder or 
darken the outer portion of the median space. It was realized that the 
wing form was somewhat different ; but this was not without the range of 
possible variation, and I had an example from Oregon that I yet believe 
to be Comstocki. The receipt of a fine example from Dr. Ottolengui 
makes clear a close relationship to Feradia jocosa, than which it is a 
much larger and more intensely coloured form. It is quite likely that the 
secondaries may vary to almost whitish with more or less blackish 
powderings. 


Carneades cinereopallidus, n. sp.—Ground colour a peculiar, very pale 
ashen gray, more or less powdered with bluish dark gray scales ; a little 
washed locally with luteous. Head concolorous. Collar with a blackish 
line across the middle, below which is a whitish line or shade which may 
involve the entire lower half. Tip edged with white scales, then luteous 
to the black line. Thorax with disc and patagia more or less whitish, 
the edges of the latter sometimes edged with black: more evidently so in 
the females. Primaries whitish powdered over the costal region; a 
luteous shading through the cell and in the s. t. space. A_ black, 
geminate basal line is obscurely marked ; most obvious on and below the 
median vein. Median lines practically lost: the t. a. marked by the 
claviform and a slight difference in shade between basal and median 
spaces ; t. p. a narrow paler line which is somewhat rigidly oblique. _ S. t. 
line narrow, whitish, preceded by black scales which may form rather 
vague sagittate spots. It is obviously dented by whitish rays on veins 3 
and 4, which do not, however, quite reach the outer margin. Whitish 
rays on veins 6 and 7 do not, or only slightly, dent the line. A series of 
smoky, obscure, terminal lunules. A very pale yellow line at base of 
fringes. Claviform narrowly outlined by black scales, concolorous, 
usually with a paler shading above and beyond it. Orbicular oblique, 
oblong, varying in width, open to the costa, sometimes outlined by black 
scales, of the palest ground colour or a little whitish. Reniform rather 
narrow, kidney-shaped, pale yellowish, sometimes contrasting; not 
outlined except by the rather sharp colour contrast. Secondaries white, 
with a very narrow smoky edging in the male, a broader, variable outer 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘Lt 











shading in the female. Fringes white. Beneath, white with a smoky 
disc on primaries, costal region powdered on secondaries, a smoky 
terminal line on all wings. 

Expands 28-33 mm. =1.12-1.32 inches. 

Habitat: Stockton, Utah, in October. Four examples, two of each 
sex, and none of them good, are at hand from Mr. George Franck. 

The species belongs with the ¢dentata series ; but is not especially 
well marked and recalls the personata form of fpitychrous. It is best 
placed near ¢-dentata, and I am not sure that some specimens so marked 
will not prove referable to this new form. 

The antenne of the male have the lateral processes well marked and 
the bristle tufting long. 


Carneades tronellus, n. sp.—Ground colour white with a yellowish 
tinge, ranging from faint lemon to creamy or even very pale luteous ; the 
deeper shades in the females. Head and thorax concolorous, vestiture 
rather thin, long, patagia not marked. Primaries, in the males almost 
immaculate, the only obvious mark being a somewhat diffuse blackish 
spot at the end of the cell, representing the reniform. On close examina- 
tion, scattered darker scales or slight shadings indicate the maculation 
which is obvious in the female. In the latter sex the primaries are more 
or less powdery and all the normal maculation is traceable, albeit in a 
fragmentary fashion, nor all of it in any one specimen, Basal line 
marked by black scales on costa and median vein. ‘T. a. line geminate, 
the inner line is usually marked on the costa only, broken into imperfect 
interspacial lunules, as a whole a little outcurved. TT. p. line geminate, 
inner line narrow, broken, feebly crenulated, blackish, outer line a vague 
shading: the course as a whole well curved over the cell and a little 
incurved below. A dusky costal patch in the s. t. space contrasts a little 
with the somewhat paler apex. Terminal space a little dusky and thus 
indicating a somewhat irregular terminal line. Secondaries white in both 
sexes, in the female with a faint trace of narrow extra-median line. 
Beneath white, primaries with a yellowish tint, practically immaculate in 
both sexes. 

Expands 32-37 mm. = 1.28~-1.50 inches. 

Habitat: Stockton, Utah, in October. Three f and three 9, all 
more or less rubbed or otherwise imperfect, from Mr. George Franck. 

The species is allied to cztrico/or, Grt., but is much lighter in colour 
and in the f not nearly so well marked, On the other hand, in the 


12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





female the maculation is much better written. So great a difference 
between the sexes is not usual in this series, and I believe that more 
material will bring maculate males and more nearly immaculate females. 


Mamestra orida, n. sp.—Ground colour ashen gray, powdered with 
black. Head inferiorly protuberant, a little roughened, yellowish in 
colour. Vague blackish lines across the front and vertex. Collar 
inferiorly a little paler; a more or less obvious black transverse line. 
Thorax powdery, patagia with obscure submarginal lines. Primaries 
powdery, the maculation obscure, except that the reniform and the s. t. 
line are always conspicuous. Basal line geminate, smoky, well marked ; 
connected with base by a short black line in the submedian interspace. 
T. a. line marked by geminate blackish dots on costa and then lost. T. 
p. line also marked by costal spots and in some specimens by venular 
black dots, never complete. S.t. line: whitish, irregular, with small 
outward teeth on veins 3 and 4, emphasized by the darker terminal space 
and a dusky preceding shade. A series of black terminal interspacial 
lunules. Fringes white at base, interlined with smoky, cut with paler on 
the veins, edges a little notch. Veins marked by blackish scales. 
Claviform broad, varying in length, outlined by blackish scales, 
concolorous. Orbicular rather small, oval, somewhat elongate, outlined 
in smoky. brown, annulate with yellowish, smoky centered. Reniform 
large, kidney-shaped somewhat dilated inferiorly, and there obscured by 
a blackish, diffuse shading. Secondaries white, with a broad black outer 
margin, the fringes white. Beneath white, more or less powdery over the 
costal region. All wings with a broad, black submarginal band, and 
within this a series of black venular dots. Primaries with a discal lunule, 
secondaries with a discal dot. ‘Tarsi annulate with black and white. 

Expands 30-33 mm. = 1.20 to 1.32 inches. 

Habitat: Stockton, Utah, in October. 

Two ¢ and seven § from Mr. George Franck, who has others 
which do not materially differ from the series under observation. ‘The 
antenne of the male have the joints a little marked, and are obviously 
ciliated. The genitalia are quite unique, and do not closely resemble 
those of any of the species figured by me in the revision. 

It belongs to the group defessa, and may be most nearly associated 
with chartaria, differing obviously in the black-margined secondaries, 
The maculation of the under side is quite characteristic, and in all this 
species should be readily recognizable. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. is} 





The protuberant, roughened front is somewhat unusual in this genus, 
but is not so marked as to require a separate generic term. 


Caradrina drasteroides, n. sp.—Ground colour a creamy gray, with 
the yellowish tinge well marked. Head and thorax immaculate. 
Primaries powdered with black scales, which gives the gray tinge an 
emphasis ; most of the s. t. and terminal spaces distinctly and evenly 
gray. The ordinary lines are not well marked. Basal line marked 
on costa only or not at all. ‘T. a. line barely traceable by the absence of 
black scales ; outwardly bent on the median vein, inwardly angled on the 
submedian. T. p. line better defined, geminate, only a little outcurved; 
inner line blackish or brown, sometimes emphasized on the veins ; the 
outer line marked only by the darker s. t. space which relieves the 
pale shade following the inner dusky line. The median shade line 
is smoky or deeper luteous, well removed outwardly, and outwardly 
diffuse to the t. p. line. S. t. line whitish, almost even, a little better 
defined on the costa by a slight darkening in the s. t. space ; well defined 
inwardly, somewhat diffuse outwardly. A series of minute black terminal 
dots, which may be wanting. Orbicular and claviform wanting. Reniform 
oblique, without definite outlines, dusky, obscured by the median shade, 
which crosses and completely involves it. Secondaries snowy white, with 
or without a small dark discal spot and a more or less obvious powdering 
of black scales at the base of the fringes. Beneath, primaries creamy 
white, the yellow most obvious along the costa, with a more or less 
obvious extra-median dusky line, and with or without a discal spot. 
Secondaries white, more or less creamy and powdery along the costa; a 
partial outer line and sometimes a small discal dot. 

Expands 27-31 mm. = 1.08—1.24 inches. 

Habitat: Southern California; Arizona. Two male examples ; one 
in good, the other in fair condition. 

The smaller specimen is from Arizona, and comes from the 
collection of Dr. Ottolengui. The larger specimen is from Southern 
California, and has been in my collection nearly or quite ten years 
awaiting a mate. The reference to Caradrina is not quite satisfactory, 
because of the wing form. This resembles more that of Drasteria, and 
there I expected at first to place it, but the species is obviously a typical 


trifid. 
The vestiture is scaly, just a little roughened, forming no tufts of any 


kind. ‘The palpi hardly exceed the front. The antenne are very shortly 
ciliated, 


14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Stavana rigida, n. sp.—Ground colour a somewhat yellowish brick 
red, through which a luteous base appears locally. Head and collara 
deeper, more rusty red-brown. ‘Thorax and abdomen otherwise immacu- 
late, concolorous. Primaries without strong contrasts. ‘The costa is a 
deeper red-brown, and in the costal area there is a light gray powdering. 
T. a. line single, very slender, slightly irregular, a little outcurved, bright 
red-brown, tending to disappear altogether. TT. p. line slender, crenulate, 
single, with or without minute black venular dots; as a whole, nearly 
parallel with the outer margin. S. t. line a series of vague gray venular 
dots, which may be altogether wanting. The colour deepens a little, and 
becomes somewhat smoky at the outer margin, where a narrow yellow 
line marks the base of the fringes. Median shade line crimson red, 
rigidly oblique from the costa near the inception of t. p. line, touching the 
lower outer angle of the reniform and reaching the inner margin just 
within the t. p. line. ‘This line tends to disappear and may be entirely 
absent, and there may or may not be a prominent black patch on 
the inner margin, filling the space between the t. p. line and median 
shade line. Orbicular a small blackish dot. Reniform moderate in size, 
rather narrow, slightly oblique, somewhat constricted centrally, narrowly 
brown ringed, the filling luteous, but not’ contrasting. Secondaries 
a little paler at base than primaries, but darkening outwardly to the same 
shade. ‘The median shade of primaries is obviously continued across the 
secondaries, and the t. p. line is vaguely traceable. There is also a 
slightly-waved, narrow, yellowish line at the base of the fringes. 
Beneath there is a crimson powdering, which becomes paler along the 
inner margin of the secondaries. A vague, common outer line. 

Expands 45 mm. = 1.80 inches. 

Habitat: Huachuca Mts., Arizona. One male and one female from 


Dr. Barnes. 
The species resembles the eastern repanda (Harveya auripennts, 


Grt.) in general appearance and in colour. Inthe ¢ the antenne in the 
new species are decidedly more slender and the ciliation of the joints, 
though longer, is more sparse. Soin rig?da the apex is marked and the 
outer margin is a little excavated below it; in resanda the apex is obtuse 
and the outer margin is rounded. In the older species the median shade 
line is smoky, somewhat diffuse, and a little sinuate, almost parallel with 
the t. p. line; in the new species this line is rigid and crimson. _Alto- 
gether, the differences, though not striking, seem to authorize the new 
species, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 





ARCTIC SIRICOIDEA AND TENTHREDINOIDEA. 
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R.S.C., OTTAWA. 

The knowledge of our Arctic insect fauna is of so fragmentary a 
character that any contribution thereto is of special interest and value to 
Canadian entomologists. I am indebted to Dr. Hans Kaiaer, of the 
Museum of Tromso, Norway, for a copy of an exceedingly valuable 
catalogue entitled “ Die Arktischen Tenthrediniden,’* an examination of 
which emphasizes this fact. His introduction points out that in Canada 
little is known of the forms occurring north of St. Martin’s Falls, Lat. 51°, 
whereas in Norway species are recorded from as tar north as Lat. 70°. 
Of 228 species enumerated (including 12 of Siricoidea) Arctic Scandinavia 
furnishes 132, Nova Zemlya 18, Spitzbergen 6, Iceland 3, Greenland 2, 
Hudson’s Bay region 59, Alaska 8, and Arctic Siberia rr. There is but 
one species common to Europe and America, and only 11 species in all 
occur in any two of the above regions, showing that the circumpolar 
fauna is not so cosmopolitan as is frequently supposed, although 
undoubtedly some forms now listed as distinct species may prove to be 
synonyms. ARhogogastera viridis, Linn., is the sole link between the old 
and new worlds. Sirex bizonatus, Steph., and S. cawdatus, Cress., are 
found in Hudson’s Bay territory and in Alaska ; Cimbex femorata, Zett., 
Trichiosoma lucorum, V.inn., and LNematus miliaris, Panz., in Arctic 
Scandinavia and Siberia; 4. arcticus, Holmgr., and WV. frigidus, Boh., 
in Nova Zemlya and Spitzbergen ; lV. conductus, Ruthe, and Lmphytus 
pallidipes, Spin., in Arctic Norway and Iceland, and WV. odscuripes, 
Holmgr., in Arctic Norway and Nova Zemlya. The percentage of 
Nematids to other forms is very large in the boreal and arctic faunas, 
and, apparently, increasingly so northward concurrently with changes in 


the flora. From the Hudson’s Bay region this group is as yet not nearly 








*FAUNA ArcTICA. Eine Zusammenstellung der arktischen Tierformen, mit 
besonderer Berucksichtigung des Spitzbergen-Gebietes auf Grund der Ergebnisse der 
Deutschen Expedition in das Nordlicher Eismeer im Jahre, 1898. Band II., Lieferung 
3, 1902, 


16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





so well represented as is that of the Tenthredinids, clearly showing that 
the smaller and inconspicuous forms characteristic of the north have 
escaped the attention of the few collectors there, and that extensive 
additions could be made to the list of species, did not the inaccessibility 
of the region at present prevent systematic collecting. 


A notable addition has been made to the knowledge of American 
species, since the preparation of Kiaer’s catalogue, in the “ Papers from 
the Harriman Alaska Expedition” (Proc. Wash. Acad. Sciences). No. 
XXVIII. (158 pages, 3 plates) is a monograph by Ashmead of all the 
Hymenoptera,describing 201 new species and enumerating 335 species now 
known from Alaska. No. VII., by Prof. Kincaid, deals specially with the 
Tenthredinoidea. This large and successful expedition to Alaska was in 
1899, and Prof. Kincaid, as entomologist, made, during the months of 
June and July, very extensive collections. Among these were 56 species 
of sawflies, of which 32 were new species described in his paper. The 
list of Alaskan species was thus raised in one brief season from 7 species 
to 61 species, and the fauna was shown to be comparatively rich. Many 
of the species found on the Alaskan coast will undoubtedly extend 
eastward into Canada, through the Yukon. The Tenthredinids are 
represented by 22 species, of which 6 are new, and the Nematids by 27, 
of which no less than 21 are new, an indication of how little was 
previously known, and of how much remains to be learned. Some of the 
species have a very extensive range, as, for instance, Pacilostomidea 
maculata, Nort., the well-known strawberry sawfly; Do/erus scriceus, Say; 
D. aprilis, Nort.; Cimbex americana, Leach, and Trichiosoma 
triangulum, Cr., all of which occur throughout Canada and over large 
areas in the United States. It is stated that an especially rich series of 
Nematids may be expected in the Alaskan region “ owing to the immense 
abundance, both in species and individuals, of various kinds of willows.” 
This will hold good in a great measure all across northern Canada, and 
insects which feed upon birch, spruce and other widely-distributed 
northern plants can also have an extended range. This is shown by the 
occurrence in Alaska of Pachynematus ocreatus, Harrgtn., described from 
Ottawa, and bred from a larva on spruce. One of the few species 
previously known from Alaska, Zenthredo melanosoma, Harrgtn., seems 
to be abundant, as seven specimens were collected, and I have also 
received two males and two females from Mr. W. Simpson, of Ottawa, 
who collected them, in 1894, at Burroughs Bay. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i 





——$——— 


THE LIFE-HISTORY OF CROC/IGRAPHA NORMANTI, GRT. 


BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, OTTAWA. 


On the 6th May, rgor, a cluster of 30 eggs of Crocigrapha 
LVormani, Grt., was found by the writer. Six of these had been 
destroyed and the contents eaten, probably by some hemipterous insect. 
The eggs were laid in rows close together, touching-each other, on the 
upper side of a leaf of Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx., and formed 
almost a complete square, an average of six eggs being in each row. 
They looked as if they had just been laid. Young maple, ash and birch 
trees were growing near by. 

fgg.—Almost semispheroidal ; 0.7 mm. wide, 0.6 mm. high, about 
31 ribs rising from almost near the base, which is flattened and pitted, 
making it appear roughened. The whole egg has a shiny appearance, 
particularly so towards and at the tip of each rib. The ribs are 
acutely angled, and the whole surface, except the base, is distinctly 
marked with wavy, transverse ribs. When found, the eggs were white. 
On the 7th May they were all ringed near the apex with reddish brown, 
and there was also a blotch of this colour near the apex. The eggs 
hatched on the 11th May. 


Stage 7.—Length, at first, 3.25 mm. Head o.4 mm. wide, pale 
brown, slightly bilobed, with a shallow furrow down the front; mouth- 
parts reddish ; hairs on face pale. Body cylindrical, pale yellow; after 
feeding, the food contents give a greenish appearance; skin smooth, 
shiny. ‘The cervical shield is concolorous with head, and bears two rows 
of transverse tubercles, 4 large ones in front and 4 smaller ones behind. 
Tubercles on body shiny black, large, single-haired; tubercles i and iii in a 
line, i and iv almost in a line, but iv nearer to iii than ii is to i. Spiracles 
very minute, faintly black, and in a line with tubercle iv, and about the 
same distance from tubercle iii as from iv; sete short and black. A 
faint dark green dorsal vessel is apparent. All the feet are concolorous, 
slightly darkened at tips. The first two pairs of abdominal feet on 
segments 7 and 8 are aborted, only being about half formed. 

The young larve are “‘loopers,’ and spin a considerable quantity of 
silk ; when disturbed on a leaf, they rise up on their prolegs and assume 
a sphinx-like attitude. Apple, beech, willow, elm, basswood, wild goose- 
berry, ash, plantain, birch and wild cherry were offered, and while they 
fed on nearly every one of these plants, elm and beech were the favourite 
food, 


18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





On the 15th May most of the larvee were swollen and ready for the 
first moult ; on the 16th and 17th they cast their skins. 


Stage 77.—WLength, 5.5 mm. Head 0.7 mm. wide, brownish yellow ; 
on each cheek there are two large dark brown round spots. In some 
specimens these two spots are almost black, and the whole face is 
sparsely mottled with small spots of the same colour; ocelli dark ; 
mouth-parts reddish ; antennz: faintly reddish. There is now a great 
difference between the larve in this stage and in last stage. A distinct 
white dorsal stripe is now present, also a lateral stripe of the same 
colour, and a wide stigmatal band, which is double on some segments. 
The whole dorsal surface of the larvee, just after moulting and for a day or 
so, is dark green, but afterwards becomes less dark in colour, the skin 
below spiracles being still paler. In some specimens the skin between 
the lateral stripe and the stigmatal band is quite dark, almost black. 
The cervical shield is concolorous with body. The feet are all pale 
green, the first pair of abdominal prolegs aborted. The thoracic feet 
bear black plates exteriorly. 


On the 19th May several were swollen, and by the morning of the 
2zoth four had moulted. The remaining specimens had all moulted 
by the 21st. 


Stage J//.— Length, 1o mm. The general appearance of the larve 
in this stage is much the same as just after last moult. Head 1.0 to 1.1 
mm. wide, slightly bilobed, the two spots, one on each cheek, in all 
but a few specimens are now joined together, and appear as one 
large conspicuous mark shaped like a dumb-bell. The face is shiny 
and of the same brownish yellow as before ; the brownish blotches, as in 
last stage, are also present over the whole face ; ocelli black ; mandibles 
reddish. Body of a rather geometrid appearance, colour above spiracles 
dark grayish green, below spiracles lighter green. The dorsal and lateral 
stripes are faintly bluish. The tubercles are black and very small. The 
stigmatal band now appears as a double stripe, joined together at the 
junction of each segment, and resembles a chain of links. The space 
between the double stigmatal stripe and the lateral stripe is darker than 
the dorsal area, and in some specimens this space is almost black, giving 
the appearance of a wide, black, lateral band. ‘The spiracles are pale, 
ringed with black. Cervical shield concolorous with body. Thoracic 
feet and prolegs concolorous with venter, bearing short pale hairs. 
Claspers of abdominal and anal feet reddish, The first two pairs 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 





of abdominal feet are fully formed in this stage, and are used by 
the larvee when walking. Thoracic feet blackish at tips ; abdominal feet 
shaded with black towards base. he larvee do not change during this 
stage, and remain the same colour as just after moulting. They still have 
the habit of assuming the sphinx-like attitude. 

On the 23rd May some specimens were swollen, and by the 25th all 
but four had moulted. These passed the third moult soon afterwards. 


Stage 7V.—Length, 17 mm. Head 1.5 to 1.6 mm. wide, very 
slightly bilobed. The larve in this stage do not show any difference 
from the last stage. The markings are exactly the same, no 
change whatever could be detected. The dorsal area is perhaps a 
little darker than in Stage III. 

On the 27th May four specimens were swollen, and these had 
moulted by the morning of the 28th. The remaining larve moulted 
during the next two days. 


Stage V.—Length, 2t mm. Head 2.0 to 2.2 mm. wide. In this 
stage also the larvee do not show any material difference from Stage III. 
The whole dorsal surface is rather darker, and, in coisequence, the 
black band on the sides does not appear so conspicuous. The whole 
skin above the spiracles is a dull-grayish green, finely mottled with black. 
The lateral stripe is fainter than before. ‘The centre of the spiracle is 
pale orange in this stage, but ringed, as before, with black. 

On the 31st May two larvze passed the fifth moult, and the remaining 
specimens within the next few days. 


Stage V7.—Length, 27 mm. The larve in this stage are very 
different from the last three stages. Head 3.1 to 3.4 mm. wide, 
brownish, very slightly bilobed, shiny ; almost the whole upper surface of 
each cheek consists of one large, black, elongated spot. Between the two 
large spots the face is darker brown than the lower front of head, and is 
reticulated with the same colour. On the lower front and sides there are 
also some darker brown blotches ; ocelli black ; setee pale and slender ; 
at base of each hair there is a small dark brown spot. The head in the 
last three stages becomes darker with each moult. Body cylindrical ; 
dorsal and lateral stripes, as well as the black band between lateral 
stripe and spiracles, are very faint now, the dorsal stripe being the most 
perceptible. The whole skin above the spiracles is now one mass 
of beautiful, small, wavy, black dashes, spots and blotches, the skin itself 
being of a dull yellowish gray, a pale reddish brown, or a dull grayish 


20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





green, the shade varying in almost each larva. Superficiaily, however, 
the colour is much the same, and does not vary to a striking 
extent. On all the specimens there is a distinct purplish or reddish 
sheen between the segments. The venter in all the specimens is paler 
than the dorsum. Cervical shield darker than body. ‘Tubercles small, 
black, normal; setee pale and slender. Tubercle iv behind the spiracle. 
Spiracles black, with a pale centre. Feet concolorous with venter ; 
thoracic feet shiny ; claspers of prolegs blackish. 

Length of mature larva at rest, 35 mm.; extended, 42 mm.; width 
at widest part, 5.75 mm. 

On the 13th June four larve buried, on the r4th two, on the 16th 
two, and the remaining specimens soon afterwards. Pupation takes place 
within an earthen cell. 


Pupa.—Average length, 17 mm.; width, 5.5 mm.; colour almost a 
warm sepia brown, polished ; thorax, wing-cases, etc., finely wrinkled with 
transverse lines; abdomen polished, the segments pitted anteriorly. 
Cremaster stout, darker than abdomen, rugose, excavated beneath, with 
two slender straight spines, about 0.7 mm. in length, at the tip. These 
spines are pointed downwards, and are distinctly curved at the end. 

The first moth emerged (in a cool cellar) on the 17th Feb., 1go2, 
and four other specimens emerged on the 12th May, which is the natural 
time for the imago to appear (Ottawa, April 29, May 4, 7, 10, 21, 23, 
25, 29, Fletcher, Young, Gibson; Toronto, Ont., May 9, 17, Gibson; 
Trenton, Ont., May 24, Fletcher; Chats Rapids, Que., May 24, Gibson). 

On the 25th May, 1901, two larve of this species were found on the 
common Beaked Hazelnut (Corylus rostrata, Ait.) on the Experimental 
Farm, and had only emerged from the egg a few days. These were reared 
to maturity (the larvee being fed solely on this plant), and the caterpillars 
answered well to those described above, the only apparent difference 
being that in Stage I the cervical shield was partly margined with black. 





THE. OCCURRENCE, O8- THE. PHORID? GENUS. -42422- 
MATIAS IN AMERICA. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The occurrence in Arizona of a representative of a very anomalous 
wingless genus of Phoridw, of which but a single specimen was heretofore 
known, and that found beneath a stone in such a_ widely-separated 
locality as Denmark, is a problem in geographical distribution very 
difficult of solution. _ During the entomological excursion of Messrs. E. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 


A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber to portions of New Mexico and Arizona in 
the summer of rgo1, while collecting at the base of a hill at Flagstaff, 
Arizona, Mr. Barber obtained in his sweeping-net a single specimen of 
the cockroach-like genus Aenigmatias. This specimen agrees closely 
with Dr. Meinert’s original description and figures of his Aenzgmatias 
blattoides*, except that it has only six instead of seven body-segments, 
not counting the genitalia. Thinking that perhaps an error had been 
made by the engraver, and that the description had been made conform- 
able to the engraved figure, I addressed a letter on the subject to Dr. 
Meinert, who, under date of November 18, tg02, writes me that, in 
company with his assistant, Mr. Boving, he again examined the unique 
specimen and found that his published figures and descriptions are 
correct, and that the specimen really has seven distinct body-segments. 
In the genus Phora the male has normally six abdominal segments, while 
in the females of the various species the number ranges from four to six, 
according to the species. Dr. Meinert does not state the sex of his 
specimen, but the figures apparently indicate a male, although Prof. Mik 
has expressed the opinion that they probably represent the female, and 
that the winged Platyphora Lubbocki, Verrall, may be the male of the 
same species. The Arizona specimen also appears to be a male, and in 
addition to the fewer number of segments in the abdomen, possesses 
several minor differences, which indicate that it is specifically distinct 
from the Danish species. 

Of its habits nothing is known beyond the fact that it occurred on 
low vegetation in a locality where no ant-nests could be found, although 
search was made for them. No stones nor rocks occurred in the 
immediate vicinity, the nearest approach being the small pieces of lava 
scattered about, but these were too small to conceal an ant-nest. 

The new form may be characterized as follows : 

Aenigmatias Schwarzii, new species. 

Dark yellow, the posterior part of the body-segments brown, most 
extended on the apical part of the abdomen, where it covers the genitalia 
and the greater portion of the last two segments ; upper side of body 
opaque, distinctly whitish pruinose, and with a short, sparse, yellowish- 
white pubescence, a row of short black bristles along the hind margin of 
each abdominal segment and a few shorter ones scattered over the last 
two segments ; first thoracic segment (which comprises the prothorax and 








*Entomologiske Meddelelser II., page 213, plate IV., figs. 1 to 6. 


22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





mesothorax) slightly over twice as long as the second, the latter almost 
twice as long as the first abdominal segment and subequal to the second ; 
about two-thirds as long as the third, the fourth segment deeply 
emarginate in the middle, at which point it is slightly shorter than the 
first abdominal segment ; greatest vertical diameter of abdomen scarcely 
more than that of the thorax, venter convex (and without the blackish 
protuberance shown in Dr. Meinert’s figure 2); head sparsely clothed with 
a short yellowish-white pubescence, a row of black postocular bristles 
extends from upper end of each eye to the oral margin, apices of palpi 
beset with a dense cluster of black bristles ; legs beset with short, black, 
bristly hairs, femora very robust ; length, 1.5 mm. 

Collected July 5, 1901, at Flagstaff, Arizona, by Mr. H. S. Barber, 
at whose request the species is dedicated to Mr. E. A. Schwarz, whose 
careful investigations have brought to light so many rare and interesting 
forms in all orders of insects. Type No. 6703, U.S. National Museum. 





NOTES ON THE COCCID&. 
BY MRS. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 

In an article on the genus Lecanium, published in the CANADIAN 
EntToMoLocist, Vol. 34, p. 177 (1902), I stated that I inferred that Costa 
propvsed generic names for the Coccidz in his Prospetto di una nuova 
‘descrizione metodica del genera Coccus L., a work I had not seen at that 
time, as no copy could be found in the libraries of this country or in 
London. Mr. Fernald has, however, recently secured a copy of this 
exceedingly rare work, published in 1828, from Naples, Italy. 

Costa in his Prospetto published in 1828 proposed and described 
three genera. These were Calymmata, Diaspis and Diaprosteci. As 
this last is only a vernacular name, it need not be considered, although 
the author gave Coccus adonidum, L., as an illustration. Calymmata was 
divided into Monaspide and Polyaspide. Under this genus the author 
mentioned several species as illustrations. The genus Déaspis was 
described, but as no species were mentioned or referred to, it is without a 
type so far as the Prospetto is concerned. There is therefore nothing in 
this work to affect the classification of the Coccide. 

In his Nuove Osservazioni intorno alle Cocciniglie, published in 
1835, Costa used Calypticus hesperidum in some places and Calymmatus 
hesperidum in others, while he used Dactylopius instead of Déiaprostect 
of the Prospetto. In the Fauna del Regno di Napoli, he divided the 
Coccide into three genera, Calypticus, Dactylopius and Diaspis, each of 
which was described and with well-known and fairly well described 
species under them, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93 





In the October number of the CanapiaAN EntTomo toacist, I told 
of the appearance at Levis of a tortoise-beetle new to this Province. 

A question as to the identity of this insect having been raised, 
I asked Professor E. A. Popenoe, of Kansas State Agricultural College 
(to whom | was sending specimens), for his opinion upon it. I also sent 
specimens to the Coleopterist of the British Museum, with a like request. 
Both gentlemen very kindly answered me. 

Mr. Popenoe wrote: ‘In Redtenbacher’s Fauna Austriaca, the 
only general European work on the species within my reach, there is 
a very good analytical table and fairly full descriptions of the species 
within the limits of the work, and I find your specimens to agree with his 
description of Cassida equestris, Fab., of which he places C. viridis, L., 
as asynonym. I am satisfied that your determination is correct. Redt. 
says the margin of the abdomen is yellow, and it is so in one of your 
specimens, though not distinctly so in the other.” 

Mr. Chas. O. Waterhouse replied: “I have carefully examined the 
Cassida you sent me, and I am sure it is our common thistle species, 
Cassida viridis, 1.” 

I am glad to find that my reading and my early recollections of the 
English insect did not mislead me. 

In Lllustrations of the Linnean Genera of Insects, by W. Wood, 
Vol. I., there is a coloured representation of C. viridis, and in the 
Rev. J. G. Wood’s /nsects at Home, Fig. xxill., the insect is shown in 
its different stages. 

C. viridis, like the fly, Pegomyza bicolor, and the moth, Metzneria 
lappella, was probably brought out in suppiies of fodder for cattle sent to 
this country.—THomas W. Fy es, Levis, P. Que. 


BOOK NOTICE. 





A NaturaL History oF THE British LEPIDOPTERA, VOL. III.—By J. 
Wee tutti cb Ss. Demyssevo | 553+ xin pps. Price® Ar net 
Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., Paternoster Square, London, E. C. 


The third volume of Tutt’s British Lepidoptera has appeared, and is 
fully up to the standard of the first two volumes. The superfamily 
Lachneides is completed, the superfamilies Dimorphides (Endromides ), 
Attacides and a part of the superfamily Sphingides are finished, 


24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








The references to literature, ancient and modern, seem to leave 
nothing more to be desired in this respect ; in fact, the amount of labour 
performed and research that has been made seems almost appalling, and 
we wonder whether the author has the strength and endurance to carry 
such an undertaking through to completion. 

This work may well be taken as a model by one who is less 
experienced, provided he does not follow it teo closely and thus destroy 
his own originality of thought and plan. 

Under each superfamily is given a very complete history of the 
classifications of the different authors. These are carefully discussed, and 
when the author differs from others, he does not hesitate to express his 
convictions. 

Many of our old familiar names have disappeared, and are to be 
found only among the tail-feathers of synonymy. This is, however, 
strictly in accordance with the law of priority, and if any of us feel 
unreconciled to this, we may well ask ourselves whether we are to keep 
up with the trend of modern scientific thought or fall by the way. 

Under each species is given the synonymy and references to 
literature, so full and complete that we can hardly imagine anything of 
importance to have been overlooked. Then follows the original 
description in the language in which it was published, and this is 
followed by the author’s description of the imago. There is then given a 
full account of sexual dimorphism and gynandromorphism, more than five 
pages being devoted to gynandromorphous examples of Amorpha popult, 
L. Variation is also taken up very fully with all the forms described and 
named, and this requires seven pages for A. popudi alone. A complete 
account is given of the time, place and manner in which the eggs are laid, 
followed by a full description of the egg, the larva in each “stadium,” 
and variations of the larva, pupation and cocoon, pupa, fvod-plants, 
parasites, habitats, time and place of appearance and distribution. 

While this work must prove indispensable to the entomologist who 
desires full information on the Lepidoptera of the British Isles, it will be 
exceedingly valuable to students of the Lepidoptera in the United States 
and elsewhere, because of the exhaustive study of the literature of 
the genera and higher groups, and the careful and conscientious manner 
in which the author applies the laws of nomenclature.—C. H. FERNALD. 


Mailed January 5th, 1903. 


nae y Ya esi nae 
cae . trans Bes Bo at wat 
ante diode Lan si ae 


re pee rag 
at bi ie 


err 





CAN, ENT., VOL. XXXV. PLATE 2. 








Lee / \\ NO Giltnenll al. 


THE STRAWBERRY ALEYRODES (A. PACKARDI, N. SP.). 








whe Canadian —— 


VoL, XXXV. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1903. py, Niege2 











LIFE-HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF THE STRAWBERRY 
AGEVRODES, ALEYRODES. PACK ARDE, (Nise: 
AUSTIN W. MORRILL, B.S., ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY, MASSACHUSETTS 

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 

This species has hitherto been considered identical with Aleyrodes 
vaporariorum, the common greenhouse Aleyrodes of the tomato, 
cucumber, etc. A critical study of all the stages of both the greenhouse 
Aleyrodes and the strawberry Aleyrodes, made at the Entomological 
Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, has resulted in 
finding structural differences between the two species in all the stages, 
except the egg and adult. These differences may be tabulated as follows: 





A. vaporariorum, Westw. A. Fackardi, n. sp. 
ist instar. |18 pairs of marginal spines. 16 pairs of marginal spines. 





2nd instar. | 1st and 3rd pairs of dorsal spines| All three pairs of dorsal 
well developed, though vari-| spines minute. 
able in length. 





3rd instar. | 1st and 3rd pairs of dorsal spines | All three pairs of dorsal 
well developed, though vari-| spines minute. 
able in length. 





Pupa. 3rd_pair of dorsal spines well} All three pairs of dorsal 
developed, though variable in| spines minute;, only a 
length. 5-18 (usually 8) wax} double submarginal 
rods arising well upon the dor-|_ series of wax rods 
sum in addition to a double| present. 

submarginal series of wax rods. 








In the above table the spines on fine pate region on the Foesir 
are designated as the first dorsal pair; those on the sides of the first or 
third (first instar) abdominal segment as the second dorsal pair; and those 
which occur one on each side of the vasiform orifice the ¢/zrd dorsal 
pair. (In the reproduction of the drawings the second pair of dorsal 


26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





spines of the first instar and the first pair of dorsal spines of the pupa 
were, unfortunately, omitted, see plate 2.) 

I have never seen an Aleyrodes vaporariorum on a strawberry plant 
out of doors. Specimens of Aleyrodes from Kentucky were recently 
received through Prof. C. H. Fernald from Prof. Garman on strawberry 
leaves, and were found to be identical with the common strawberry 
Aleyrodes of this locality. Experiments thus far have shown that 
Aleyrodes vaporariorum when transferred in the first instar to a straw- 
berry plant will live and develop all the characters of those which feed 
on the more natural food-plants of the species, while at three different 
times crawling larvee of the strawberry Aleyrodes were transferred to fresh 
leaves of a growing tomato plant, and all died within a few days, 
apparently without taking any food. That the A/eyrodes vaporariorum 
does not naturally feed on the strawberry is shown by the fact that a 
strawberry plant in a pot remained for over six months in a greenhouse 
thickly infested with that species and less than half a dozen Aleyrodes 
matured on its leaves, upon which even the imagoes were very rarely ob- 
served resting. It does not seem strange that where the natural food-p'ants 
were so thickly infested an egg should occasionally be deposited on other 
plants. 

Incidentally it might be mentioned that zm this Jocality the straw- 
berry Aleyrodes in all its stages, including the egg, averages a little larger 
in size than the greenhouse Aleyrodes ( A/eyrodes vaporariorum ). 

Egg (Plate 2, Fig. 1). 

The egg is irregularly oval, with one side more or less flattened ; 
attached to the leaf by a short stalk, situated on the basal or more 
broadly-rounded end, usually a little to one side of the centre, toward the 
more rounded side. When freshly laid, the egg is pale green in colour, 
with a rounded orange-yellow body within, in a few days changing to a 
metallic bronze colour. The surface of the eggisunmarked. ‘The length, 
exclusive of the stalk, is from .23 to .24 mm.; greatest width, from .o8 to 
095 mm. ‘The stalk is from % to ¥ the length of the egg. 

The length of the egg stage depends upon the weather conditions. 
Those laid in late fal) do not hatch until the following spring, while in the 
warm summer weather they hatch in about eight or ten days. 


First Instar (Fig. 2). 
In the first instar the general form is oval, the anterior end being the 
more broadly rounded, the sides of the thoracic region are approximately 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 








parallel, the abdomen narrowing posteriorly. Itnmediately after hatching, 
the body is flat and thin, but just before the first moult it becomes well 
rounded above. The edge of the body consists of a thin, narrow, 
marginal rim, at the inner edge of which the body is abruptly thickened. 
From the under side of this thin rim many minute, glistening granules can 
be seen. The margin is entire, except for the attachments of the spines. 
On each side sixteen spines arise on or near the margin of the body. 
Excepting numbers two, seven and fourteen, counting from the anterior 
end, these are situated at nearly regular intervals. Number two arises a 
short distance from the margin on the under side of the body, quite close 
to the base of one; it is directed downward, curving toward its mate. 
‘These spines are best seen from below. Number seven is separated from 
numbers six and eight by greater intervals than occur between other 
adjacent spines. Number fourteen arises a little nearer fifteen than 
thirteen. Number sixteen is very long, varying in length from one-third 
to one-half the length of the body. Number fourteen is from one-third to 
one-half the length of sixteen. Numbers one to seven gradually 
decrease in length. Numbers seven to thirteen are about equal in length, 
being from one-eighth to one-tenth the length of number sixteen. Number 
fifteen is slightly longer than thirteen. A marginal secretion of wax 
appears soon after the young larva settles down. This usually becomes 
wide enough to cover all but the fifteenth and sixteenth pairs of spines. 
The segmentation of the abdomen is quite distinct, that of the thorax very 
indistinct, essentially as in the pupa-case. The vasiform orifice is about 
as wide as long, its form being somewhat similar to an equilateral 
triangle with rounded corners. The operculum is subelliptical in outline, 
flattened on the basal side. The lingula is spatulate in outline, bearing 
a number of longitudinal rows of minute sete, and on the caudo-lateral 
- Margin two pairs of spines, the posterior pair being the longer. When the 
lingula is in its natural position, the last-mentioned spines do not reach to 
the apex of the orifice. ‘The orifice is bounded laterally by chitinous 
thickenings, which bend toward one another, but do not unite at 
the posterior end of the orifice. Just inside the apex of the orifice is a 
small, glistening, crescent-shaped structure, which may be simply a 
chitinous thickening or an opening in the integument. ‘There are two 
pairs of reddish-brown eyes, a dorsal and a ventral pair, situated nearly 
Opposite each other, just mesad to the thin marginal rim, and about 
equidistant from the fourth and fifth marginal spines on their respective 


28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





sides of the body. There are at least two pairs of minute dorsal spines. 
One pair is situated one on each side of the third abdorninal segment ; 
another pair is situated one on each side of and anterior to the operculum. 
Each of these four spines arises from a minute papilla, which, however, in 
certain lights, appear like cylindrical cavities or pores. From a study of 
later instars, it seems possible that another still more minute pair of spines 
occurs on the cephalic region, but I have not thus far distinguished any 
such with certainty. The two pairs above located are not difficult to see 
with a one-sixth inch objective. 


On the ventral side of the body the legs, antennz and mouth-parts 
are well developed in this instar. Each leg (Fig. 3) consists of a coxa, 
trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus. ‘The entire length of the leg when 
straightened is about one-half the width of the body. The coxe are short 
and stout, and near the base of each of the two posterior pairs on the 
inner side is a spine about twice as long as the diameter of the coxe. 
Trochanters short, those of the anterior pair of legs are subcylindrical, 
about one-third as long as wide. ‘Those of the two posterior pairs of legs 
appear to be hoof-shaped, and all six trochanters bear a short spine 
anteriorly. The femur is about twice as long as the coxa and trochanter 
together, subcylindrical in form, tapering toward its outer end. The 
tibia is a little longer than the femur, and more slender; in the two 
posterior pairs of legs, bearing on its outer side, near its base, a spine as 
long as the whole tibia itself. This extends obliquely outward, and 
is usually curved near its tip. Under high-power objectives and with 
favourable light the tibiee are seen to bear a number of very minute spines. 
The tarsus is short and knobbed at the tip, with a stout curved spine one- 
half as long as that borne on the tibia, arising on the outer side near its 
base. Diagonal lines connecting the two anterior pairs of coxe would 
intersect at about the centre of the base of a conical papilla—the rostrum 
—from an opening in the apex of which the mouth sete protrude. The 
length of these sete varies, but when bent backward they usually extend 
beyond the hind cox. In front of these mouth organs is a prostomial 
plate or shield, subovate in form, the broader end being anterior. It is 
truncate where it touches the base of the mouth papilla, slightly concave 
on the sides posteriorly, broadly rounded anteriorly, with two movable 
papillae on the anterior margin, each of which bears a long spine, about 
equal in length to those on the cox of the two posterior pairs of 
legs. From the anterior two-thirds of this plate are separated two 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 





lenticular side pieces by distinct sutures. On the ventral surface of the 
abdomen, underneath the operculum, is a pair of spines, one on each side, 
about equal in length to those which arise at the anterior end of the 
prostomial plate. These spines extend backward, reaching nearly to the 
caudal margin of the body. The segmentation below is not as distinct as 
on the dorsal surface. Each antenna arises on a line with the coxe of the 
legs of its respective side of the body and about opposite the anterior 
margin of the prostomial plate. They consist of four segments: the 
basal segment is short and stout; the second segment is twice as long 
as the first and more slender, reaching about to the margin of the body 
when the antenne are directed outward ; the third segment is very short 
and with two or three apical spines ; the fourth segment is twice as long 
as the second, bearing a small spine at about two-thirds the distance 
toward the tip, and another larger one at the tip. 


The colour of the larva is pale green, semitransparent, with two 
internal orange-yellow bodies of irregular rounded form, situated one on 
each side in the basal abdominal region. 


The length in this instar varies from .29 to .35 mm.; the greatest 
width, from .16 to .18 mm. 

The young larva is capable of crawling as soon as it emerges from 
the egg. It may crawl a short distance before settling down, or it may 
settle down quite near its place of birth. It is seldom able to crawl over 
the larger ribs of a leaflet, being prevented by the thick hairs of the leaf. 
After settling down it soon loses the use of its legs, and in the course of a 
day or two the Jateral wax secretion appears. ‘The first moult takes place 
in about five or six days. Lateral growth of the body between the moults 
is not appreciable, increase in size seeming to result almost entirely from 
growth in thickness. This is true of all the immature stages.. Preliminary 
to moulting, the skin appears to split around the anterior margin of the 
body. Itis then gradually moved back, aided by up-and-down move- 
ments of the abdomen, and usually drops off entirely, sometimes, 
however, remaining attached to the leaf. Moulting appears to be a slow 
process, two or three hours or a whole day intervening before the insect 
is entirely freed from its moulted skin. As each portion of the body 
becomes free from the skin, it seemingly flows out over the surface of the 
leaf, and immediately assumes the form and horizontal dimensions which 
continue throughout the instar. 


30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Second Instar. 


In this instar the form is more variable than in the first ; broadly oval 
to elliptical, usually with a slight incurving on each side of the thoracic 
region. When oval, the anterior end is the more broadly rounded. The 
margin is finely crenulate, but there is no thin marginal rim as in the first 
instar. Immediately after moulting, the body is flat and thin, but before 
the next moult it becomes well rounded above. Three pairs of marginal 
spines are present: the first pair on the latero-cephalic region, one on each 
side; the second pair on caudo-lateral region, one on each side ; and 
the third pair on the caudal margin. These probably represent spines 
number one, fourteen and sixteen, respectively, of the first instar. The 
third pair is a little more than one-tenth the length of the body, the 
second pair is about one-fourth the length of the third pair, and the first 
pair is even smaller than the second pair and may be difficult to distin- 
guish, There are three pairs of minute dorsal spines: the first pair is on 
the cephalic region, one on each side of the middle ; the second pair is 
on the first abdominal segment, one on each side; and the third pair 
is near the vasiform orifice, one on each side, opposite the operculum. 
These last are somewhat larger than the first and second pairs, which in 
some specimens may be difficult to distinguish. They are most readily 
seen immediately after the insect has moulted. A marginal wax secretion 
is present as in the first instar, appearing shortly after the moult. The 
segmentation of the abdomen is fairly distinct in the middle, that of the 
thorax more obscure. ‘The vasiform orifice is relatively farther forward in 
this instar than in the preceding one. This is indicated by the com- 
paratively greater distance from the apex of the orifice to the caudal 
margin of the body and by the fact that the spines on the dorsum, near 
the orifice, now lie opposite the operculum, instead of anterior to it, as in 
the first instar. The vasiform orifice is of about the same general form 
as in the first instar. The lingula is spatulate with two pairs of side lobes 
and one terminal lobe. On each side of the terminal lobe arises a seta 
or spine about one-half as long as the entire vasiform orifice. Between 
the two pairs of side lobes on each side a smaller spine arises. The 
upper surface of the lingula bears longitudinal rows of minute setz, as in 
the previous instar. When in its natural position, the lingula reaches 
nearly to the apex of the orifice. The chitinous ridges which bound the 
orifice laterally do not meet behind, though the intervening space between 
them is comparatively smaller than in the previous instar. The eyes are 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ou 








proportionally smaller than before, and are now situated internally, 
instead of at the surface, as in the first instar. The eyes on each 
side are about on a line with and outside of the two dorsal spines which 
have been mentioned as present on the cephalic region. The vestigial 
legs and antenne can be distinctly seen, their relative position being 
as before. The antenne are directed directly backward, reaching a little 
over one-half the distance to the base of the fore legs. They are thick at 
the base, narrowing toward the apex, covered with numerous minute 
papille. Their segmentation is indistinct, sometimes two and sometimes 
three segments being evident. They are immovable in this as well as the 
following immature stages. ‘The legs are short, similar to a truncated 
cone in form, transversely wrinkled, with no distinct segments, terminating 
in a rounded knob, which, perhaps, functions as an adhesive disc. A few 
minute spines occur near the bases of all three pairs of legs. The 
mouth-parts are as before. The pair of spines at the anterior margin of 
the prostomial plate is wanting in this instar, but the pair on the ventral 
surface under the operculum is present as in the first instar. The colour 
remains as in the first instar. The length varies from .41 to .45 mm.; the 
greatest width, from .22 to .26 mm. 

The second moult takes place in from four to five days after the first. 

Third Instar. 

In this instar the form, marginal and dorsal spines, marginal wax 
secretion, rudimentary legs, ventral spines, eyes and colour of the body 
are as in the second instar. The vasiform orifice is longer than wide, 
in form resembling a triangle with rounded corners. Operculum nearly 
semicircular, reaching about one-half the distance to the apex of 
the orifice. Lingula essentially as in the second instar. The antennz 


arise nearer to the bases of the fore legs than in previous instars. ‘They 
are indistinctly segmented, thick at the base, tapering toward the tip, the 
basal two-thirds of each is directed directly inward toward the antenna of 
the opposite side, while the apical third is bent backward toward 
the base, the whole forming a figure not unlike the letter J. 

The length varies from .56 to .62 mm.; the greatest width, from .32 to 
.35 mm. 

The third moult takes place in about five or six days after the second. 

Pupa* (Fig. 4). 
The form of the pupa is broadly elliptical, the margin finely 





*As is customary in describing species of this genus, the specific characters are 
derived from the pupa. The description of this stage is therefore made complete in 
itself, and is sufficient to distinguish this from all other described species, 


oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








crenulate ; when freshly moulted, flat and thin, without wax secretions. 
The bodies of the mature pupz appear to be raised from the surface of 
the leaf by a vertical wax fringe, the height of the body then being about 
one-third of the width. The dorsum is rugose and nearly flat. There are 
two pairs of marginal spines: the first pair occurs on the caudo-lateral 
margin, and the second pair on the caudal margin. ‘The second pair in 
length is between one-tenth and one-eighth the length of the body, and the 
first pair less than one-fourth the length of the second pair. ‘These last are 
readily seen by clearing the pupa in xylol and mounting in xylol balsam, 
or by boiling the pupa-case in KOH and mounting in glycerine. The 
second pair curve upward and backward, diverging at the base, usually 
converging posteriorly. ‘There are three pairs of minute dorsal spines as 
in the previous instars: the first pair is on the cephalic region ; the second 
pair, one on each side of the first abdominal segment ; and the third pair 
one on each side opposite the operculum of the vasiform orifice. Of the 
three pairs, the third pair is slightly the largest. The segmentation of the 
abdomen is fairly distinct in the middle; that of the thorax less so. The 
vasiform orifice is longer than broad, in form similar to a triangle with 
rounded corners. The orifice is bounded laterally by chitinous ridges, 
which unite posteriorly, thus differing from previous instars. The 
operculum is hemielliptical (in the form of an ellipse cut through 
its shortest axis), reaching from the anterior margin of vasiform orifice to a 
little over one-half the distance toward the apex. The lingula has 
one apical lobe and three pairs of side lobes, and is densely covered with 
longitudinal rows of minute sete. From the sides of the apical lobe from 
below arise two spines, one on each side, which extend caudad beyond the 
apex of the orifice, their length being a little less than one-half the 
greatest width of the operculum. A second pair, less than one-fifth as 
long as these, arises one on each side between the first and second side 
lobes. The anterior pair of side lobes is frequently hidden by the 
operculum. A shallow furrow extends caudad from the apex of the orifice 
to the margin of the body. 


There is no lateral wax fringe in this instar, The dorsal wax 
secretion consists of a double submarginal series of glassy waxen rods. 
The rods of the inner series are never farther away from those of the outer 
series than the width of their bases. ‘The outer series consists of from 
about sixty to one hundred (sixty-six to ninety-eight are the limits actually 
observed) rods of variable length, some being very short, while others are 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33 





three-quarters the width of the body in length. In mature pupe the rods 
of the inner are usually longer than those of the outer series, These (the 
inner series) are usually directed upward, and curve inward over the 
dorsum of the body. Their length varies, rarely exceeding the width of 
the body. The rods of the inner series usually alternate with from two to 
five rods of the outer series, the average number of rods in the inner 
series being about twenty. Irregularities in the position of the wax rods are 
frequent ; in fact, no two pupe are exactly alike in this respect, but of the 
hundreds examined none have been found to arise farther mesad from the 
outer series than the width of their bases. 


On the venter the legs are indistinct, most readily seen im specimens 
which have recently moulted. Each is short and thick lke a truncated 
cone, with a rounded disc or knob at the tip. They are transversely 
wrinkled, and bear minute spines as in the two previous instars, and their 
relative position remains unchanged. The rostrum (a conical, fleshy 
papilla, from the apex of which the mouth sete protrude) is situated 
on the middle line of the body, about one-third the distance from the 
cephalic to the caudal margin, and nearly equidistant from the bases of the 
four anterior legs. The antennz now lie partly hidden in pockets 
situated one on each side, just outside of the anterior pair of legs. They 
are directed backward, and are straight, conical in form, the diameter of the 
base being about one-half the length. They appear to be transversely 
wrinkled near their apex; no other signs of segmentation are visible. 
There is a pair of spines situated on the ventral surface, one on each side, 
below the operculum of the vasiform orifice, as in previous instars, 


Colour: greenish yellow ; empty pupa-cases white. Internal organs 
in the basal abdominal region, one on each side, give to this part of the 
body a bright yellow colour, as in previous instars. No eyes can 
be distinguished when freshly moulted, but as the pupa matures, the 
imaginal eyes appear as two brownish spots in tne cephalic region. 


The length varies from .748 to .88 mm.; the greatest width, from .407 
to .54 mm. 

The imagoes appear in from twelve to sixteen days. Thus, the time 
which the insect spends in the immature stages, including the egg, is from 
four to five weeks. 

ADULT. 

2. The length of the body of the adult female varies from 1.15 to 

1.20 mm. The colour of head and thorax is pale yellowish buff ; 


34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





abdomen pale lemon yellow ; tip of rostrum black ; legs, rostrum, except 
the tip, and the antennz, are of same colour as head and thorax. The 
whole body, including appendages, is covered with a white, flour-like 
substance, which is absent at the time of emergence from the pupa-case, 
but appears in the course of an hour or two. This substance, presumably 
waxy, Js soluble in ether and xylol, but insoluble in alcohol and water. 
The eyes are completely divided into an upper and a lower pair, both of 
which are reddish brown in colour. The upper pair is smaller and 
composed of smaller-sized facets than the lower pair. The antenne 
consist of seven segments: first segment short and stout ; second segment 
three times as long as the first, club-shaped, stout, with a few slender 
spines near the apex ; third segment over twice the length of the second, and 
more slender ; segment four about one-fourth the length of the third and 
narrower than it, cylindrical at the base, slightly enlarged at the tip; 
segment five one-half as !ong again as four, of the same form, but 
_more elongate ; segment six slightly shorter than five, but longer than 
four, club-shaped, more slender ; segment seven is slightly shorter than 
six, spindle-shaped, with a small spine arising from a tubercle situated a 
little beyond the middle, and another smaller spine arising from the tip of 
the segment. All the segments of the antennze, except the first two and 
the tip of the last, are ringed with chitinous ridges. The hind femur is 
about two-thirds the length of the tibia, the tarsus is about one-third the 
length of the tibia, and the second tarsal segment is about two-thirds the 
length of the first tarsal segment. Average length of the hind femur 
about .275 mm.; of the tibia, about .38 mm. The trochanters of the 
posterior pair of legs are deeply grooved on the caudal side, and at the 
bottom of the cavity thus formed arises a single stout spine, which 
is directed upward and outward. The vasiform orifice is subcircular in 
outline. The operculum is concave on its caudal margin, and covers the 
anterior half of the orifice. The lingula is protruding, setose, gradually 
enlarging distally, and squarely truncate at caudal end. The fore and hind 
wings are each provided with a single unbranched median vein. The 
margin of the wings is beaded all round, each bead consisting of a minute 
globule, from the outer side of which two or three minute setz arise. The 
length of the fore wings is about 1 mm.; width, about .5 mm. The 
rostrum is three-jointed. Ovipositor ordinary, usually bent upwards 


when not in use. 
¢. Average length about .go mm. Proportionately smaller than 


female, otherwise differs only in the sexual organs. 


oS 
or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





I have named this insect in honour of Dr. A. S. Packard, who first 
called attention to its occurrence on strawberry plants at Amherst, Mass. 
All stages described from numerous specimens. ‘Types of pup and 
adults deposited in the collection of the Massachusetts Agricultura! 


College. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


Aleurodes vaporarium, Pack. Am. Nat., Vol. IV., p. 686 (1871). 

Aleurodes vaporarium, Pack. Guide, p. 712 (1883). 

Aleurodes vaporarium (?), Garman. Ann. Rept. Ky. Exp. Sta., 
P: 37 (1890). 

Aleurodes vaporarium (?), Garman. Agric. Science, Vol. V., p. 264, 
(1891). 

Aleyrodes, sp. (?), Riley. Insect Life, Vol. IL., p. 17, (1892). 

Aleurodes sp. (?), Webster. Ann. Rept. Ohio Fxp. Sta., p. xxxv. 
(1894). 

Aleyrodes vaporariorum, Britton. roth Rept. Conn. Exp. Sta., p. 203 
(1896). 

Aleyrodes sp. (?), Slingerland, Bul. 19, Cornell Exp. Sta., p. 155 
(1901). 

Aleyrodes vaporariorum (?), Britton. Bul. 140, Conn. Exp. Sta., pp. 
2. [Os A, 7 (LGO2). 

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 2. 
(All Figs. greatly enlarged.) 

Fig. 1.—Egg. 

Fig. 2.—First instar. 

Fig. 3.—Right hind leg, first instar. 

Fig. 4.--Dorsum of the pupa. 


—e 





AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 

I desire, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario, to 
publicly acknowledge its indebtedness to Mr. H. Bird, Rye, N. Y., for a 
series of recently-bred specimens of Mydrecia, and his magnanimous 
liberality in so freely parting with such rare species for its benefit, that 
cost him so much patient labour, valuable time and industrious research to 
secure. The expertness he has attained in discovering the food-plants 
and obscure breeding habits of this difficult genus is remarkable ; whilst 
the perfection of scale and colour in the specimens that leave his hands is 
indescribable, and must be seen to be fully realized. 

J. Atston Morrat, Curator. 


36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





IN MEMORIAM—R. J. WEITH. 


Born September r5th, 1847, in Wroutke, Prussia ; died September 
15th, 1902, in Elkhart, Indiana. A few words of biography, together 
with the sad intelligence of his death, have already appeared in these 
pages ; but it seems fitting that the life of one who was well known to 
many entomologists in America and Europe as an accurate observer, an 
indefatigable worker, a valued correspondent, and a sincere friend, should 
receive more than a passing notice. 

From his son, Mr. Louis E. Weith, I have obtained some further 
facts. At an early age he was apprenticed as a barber, and from the age 
of thirteen until a short time before his death he followed this business. 
It was while at school, prior to his thirteenth year, that he acquired that 
love for nature which was ever afterward the passion of his life. 

At twenty-five he came to New York; thence he went to New 
Orleans, afterwards to Memphis, to Chicago, and then to South Bend, 
Indiana, where he was married. ‘Thereafter he removed to Elkhart. where 
he resided until his death. 

His knowledge of entomology and his skill as a field naturalist were 
obtained by the devotion of all his spare moments (which were all too few) 
to these ends. His chief subject of study was the parasitic Hymenoptera. 
Of his work in this field I will leave others to speak. During the last few 
years of his life he took up, with great enthusiasm and success, the study 
of the life-histories of Odonata, Plecoptera and Ephemeridz ; and it is of 
some of the qualities of the work he did in this field that I wish to speak. 
He began by collecting and contributing data for Williamson’s Dragonflies 
of Indiana. My correspondence with him began when he, having learned 
that I was seeking to obtain the immature stages of a dragonfly of peculiar 
and restricted distribution that he had found near his home, wrote me, 
offering to find these stages for me, if I would direct his efforts. I gladly 
wrote the few suggestions necessary, and he found the specimens wanted. 
At my solicitation he recorded his observations of that time for the readers 
of this magazine, in Vol. XXXIIL., pp. 252-254. During the summer of 
1902 he studied with great diligence the life-histories of the Stoneflies and 
Mayflies of his own locality, and made here other important discoveries 
that still remain to be published. 

His letters, which came thick and fast during the collecting season, 
for he was continually sending specimens, were marked by an impetuous 
desire to know where were the gaps in our knowledge, in order that he 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3 


might endeavour to fillsome of them. Once he wrote me : ‘‘Would it not 
be well if older students would oftener publish notices of what observa- 
tions are needed to clear up mysteries in the life-history of this or that 
species? ‘There are those, like myself, who are interested in natural 
history and who have collected for many years, who have many good 
chances to observe important biological facts, but who have no means of 
knowing which of their observations are new. I have seen many things 
the knowledge of which would have saved professional entomologists 
much time ; but, not knowing this at the time, and not wishing to print 
to be laughed at, I have let the observations slip. Had I not seen your 
note on unknown dragonfly nymphs in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 
some time ago, the nymph of /Vannothemis had probably not yet been 
found.” And again: “I shall be glad to contribute my mite toward 
widening the scope of our knowledge of natural history.” And again, 
when I had written him about some of Say’s species of Periide, unheard 
of since Say’s day, he wrote: “I am anxious to find some of the 
missing ones.” 

His diligence and application were remarkable, and his care to keep 
his statements within the limits of his observations was most exemplary. 
He was the best type of unprofessional entomologist. He so loved 
nature, and trusted in the value of accurate knowledge of her ways, that 
he was willing—nay, happy—to work and to wait, to observe and to verify 
again and again, in order that he might be able to tell in the end the 
simple truth. American entomology was honored by his methods, and has 
lost one of her ablest field naturalists by his untimely death. 

James G. NEEDHAM, Lake Forest, Il. 





MALE WASP WITH FEMALE ANTENNA. 


BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F.R.S.C., OTTAWA. 


Among some hymenoptera recently received from Mr. A. Gordon 
Leavitt, of St. John, N. B., is a very interesting male of Thyreopus latipes, 
Smith. The sexes of this genus are readily separated, as the males have 
the anterior legs remarkably modified; the tibiee especially being developed 
in broad shields, or leaf-like expansions. ‘The antennz are simple in the 
female, but those of the male have the flagellum fusiform and compressed. 
In 7. /atipes the basal joints are broad, and the flagellum narrows from the 
second joint to the apex. Mr, Leavitt’s specimen, taken at St. John, N. 


38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





B., on 29th June, 1901, was at once recognized as belonging to this 
species, and it was only on transferring the specimen to another box that 
it was seen to have simple antennz instead of those so characteristic of 
the species to which it belongs. Examination with a Jens established that 
they are the 12-jointed simple antenne of a female. Indeed, the whole 
head approaches more closely that of a female than of a male. On com- 
paring the head carefully with those of three males at hand, it is found to 
be less narrowed behind the eyes and somewhat flatter on the front. 
Such aberrations may not be uncommon, but have not been observed 
by me, and in a large proportion of the hymenoptera the sexes are so 
alike in structure that similar modifications would not attract attention. 
T: latipes has a wide distribution through Canada and the United States, 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but the male only is known. In “ The 
Crabroninz of Boreal America,” Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., XXII., 129, Fox 
says that Z. (Crabro) vicinus, Cress., will probably be placed as the 
female of /a¢zpes eventually. I have not examples of this form, but the 
description of it supports such a view, and it is known only in the female 
sex. It is recorded by Fox from Colo., Nebr., Nev., Ariz., Cal., Oreg., 
Mont. and Wash. In Mr. Leavitt's specimen the scape of the antennz 
is yellow, with a black line above, as in other males of /atzfes ; in 
vicinus the scape is described as yellow, sometimes spotted behind with 
black. 


THE COCCINELLID GENUS SMILIA,-WEISE: 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, E. LAS VEGAS, N. M. 


The small Coccinellidee commonly known as Smz/ca are among the 
more important natural enemies of the Coccide. The name Smi¢ia 
properly belongs to a well-known genus of Homoptera, so in Science 
Gossip, 1900, p. 606, I proposed to call the Coccinellid genus Zpzsmilia. 
I now learn from the /zdex Zoologicus that Hpismilia was used in 1859 
for a genus of Coelenterates. I therefore propose another name for 
Smilia, Weise, namely, MicrowrIsEA. The North American species are 
Microweisea misella (Lec.), MM. marginata (Lec.), Ml. coccidivora 
(Ashm.), 47. ovalis (Lec.), AZ. atronitens (Casey), JZ. minuta (Casey), 
M. planiceps (Casey), W reversa (Fall); all standing in our lists under 
Smilia. 

Stictomela, Weise, from E. Africa, and Platy/emus, Weise, are also 
homonyms, and will have to be changed, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 





CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 12.—Continued from Vol. XXXYV., p. 8.) 
Famity XXXVII.—Tiphiide. 


By most systematists this family is still classified with the Sco/de, 
although separated as a distinct family by the Swedish entomologist, C. G. 
Thomson, as early as 1874. I agree with Thomson, and believe these 
wasps form a distinct family, easily recognized by the characters made use 
of in my table of families. 

The genus Lngycistus, Fox, based upon AZyzine rufiventris, Cresson, 
was classified by Cresson, Cameron and Fox with the Sco/iide. Mr. Fox 
has kindly sent me specimens for examination, male and female, and | 
find them true Tiphiids ; they have nothing to do with the J/ysinide or 
Scoliide as now restricted. 

The genus Pterombus, Smith, still unknown to me in nature, also 
evidently belongs here. 

Mr. Peter Cameron, in Biologia Centrali-Americana, has described a 
number of species under the genus Lpomidiopteron, De Romand. ‘Those 
of his species that I have recognized, however, do not belong to it, but 
belong to the genus Paratiphia, Sichel. LEpomidiopteron, De Romand, 
is something quite different, and is apparently closely allied to Engycistus, 
Fox. 

In habits the Ziphiide agree with the Scodiide, being parasitic upon 
ground-inhabiting beetle larvae. Ziphia inornata, Say, attacks our 
Lachnosterna \arve, but it is.widely distributed and must have other hosts. 


Table of Genera. 


m Females). scr a: 
VRE S Ped E02 cs. Jope thas. s. Wee! camera ak sisi! Sh peverere ad) tdyeetene, cin wep Mee Siatal y citers: ie 
2. Marginal cell ofen at apex..... ce 


Marginal cell closed at apex ; first transverse cubitus complete, the first 
and second cubital cell separated. 

Cubitus in hind wings interstitial with the transverse median 

nervure, or originating just before it; three cubital cells in 

BOIL WUE fora seat RS ater etn Shaver stn eter = yes) aueare © hee sags 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Cubitus in hind wings eee: before the transverse median 

nervure . ae RES Soe EEO REO aks 

. Hind femora of Foerodnieed at apex ‘eneatis eran nee Recaenbeoe. & scons 

Hind femora produced at apex beneath. 
Hind tibiz very strongly serrate on the outer 

AC El rerturs ats «Whe aeern foeiements [ise - .. Engycistus, Fox. 

(Type Myzine Tabventie Cress.) 

. Hind tibize denticulate or tuberculate on outer face ; the front tibiz 
produced into a long, acute spine at the 

MICAS . <2) 0/0; js wis os oe ele nas ees  eMIGIGpteron,, DexNomancs 

(Type E. Julii, De Romand.) 

Hind tibix zof serrate on the outer face, the front tibiz normal, 


TUNVATIEVOE short vx etal escent ot eet. hae Sec spite Pterombrus, Smith. 
(Type P. aenigma, Smith.) 
» Kront wings with, Zo ;culbital cells... 42.7.8 aj. a ethene ee eran eee 


Front wings with ¢#ree cubital cells. 

Cubitus more or less obliterated at its origin ; second and third 
cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure, the first 
recurrent nervure strongly curved or angularly broken by 
a stump of a vein and received by the second cubital cell at 
its basal third ; tegula abnormally large ; mandibles bidentate ; 
CIAWSAGLELE) cre octets 6 mee See tee . Paratiphia, Sichel. 

fiepe P. albilabris, Sichel ) 

First transverse cubitus entire, zof angularly broken by a stump of a 
vein ; middle tibiz with only eve apical spur..... Tiphia, Fabricius. 
(Type T. femorata, Fabr.) 

. First transverse cubitus entire, zo¢ obliterated at base, the first and 


second cubital cells distinctly separatedua.... |. - «.ccvaeae eo erence 
First transverse cubitus obliterated at base, the first and second cubital 
cells more or less confluent. 5 Asa: IRIE ops = +o oe eeaee eG 


. Cubitus in hind wings i Wter ena, with the transverse median nervure 
or originating just before it; hind tibiz serrate, the tarsi very 
WOMB the. aicnctece of , ;, eS ..Engycistus, Fox. 

Cubitus in hind wings onemalene a “little before ithe, transverse median 
nervure. 

Hind tibiz denticulate or tuberculate on outer 

face. ca eho i Geechee ae eee ee .. Pterombrus, Smith. 
Hind fibice not serrate on outer fe: the tarsi 

NOrMalee sie we tet aes create Epomidiopteron, De Romand. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 4] 





g. Three cubital cells, the second not longer than the 
third. . Sista ER staid Rega . Paratiphia, Sichel. 
Two phil cells ne scout very transverse. .. Tiphia, Fabricius. 


FAMILY XXXVIIL—Cosilide, 

This family is based upon the genus Cosi/a, Guérin, described in 
1839 from Chile. The affinities are most perplexing, although apparently 
closely allied to the A/yzinide, Scoliide and Tiphiide. The middle coxe, 
however, are much closer together than in those families ; the eyes in doth 
sexes are entire, not emarginate within ; the venation of the wings, too, 
is different, while the male genitalia is quite characteristic and totally 
different from that in the families mentioned. In having the eyes entire 
in both sexes, it agrees with the family Zip/zide, but may be easily 
separated by coxal characters, by venation and by the unarmed hypopy- 
gium of the males. 

I have also placed in this family the genus Fedtschenkia, Saussure, 
unknown to me in nature. Both Saussure and André, however, place it 
with the AZuti//ide, and Mr. Ernest André has even gone so far as to 
make it the type of a subfamily—the Fedtschenkiine, My reason for 
differing from these eminent authorities is that the female is wmged, while 
all known females in the Zhynnide, Myrmoside and Mutillide are 
always wing/ess, never winged. The abdomen in the male, too, is unarmed 
and totally unlike that in the JZuti//ide and allied families, a most 
important character, which, in my opinion, is sufficient to exclude it from 
any of those families. 


Table of Genera. 
. Front wings with ¢wo cubital cells...... 2.0... -+ 2 ee eee eee ee oe de 
Front wings with ¢#ree cubital cells. & Adac eitiobac: Bare soiree oe 
2. First cubital cell about ‘rice as iene as ihe seeauas receiving the first 
recurrent nervure at its apical third ; pronotum shorter than the 
mesonotum ; scutellum zy7t/ lateral keels ; metathorax striate, the 
SIGespEOOGMcmes tsa xtemetemete te sl ateeia se . Nursea, Cameron. 
apne N. carinata, Cam.) 
First cubital cell about ¢zéce as long as the second, receiving the first 
recurrent a little beyond its middle ; submedian cell slightly shorter 
than the median; pronotum not shorter than the mesonotum ; 
parapsidal furrows distinct ; scutellum w7thout lateral keels ; meta- 
thorax not striate, but with a delicate median keel and keeled at 
sides, the spiracles small, rounded ; abdomen fusiform, with a 


49 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








constriction between the first and second segments, the first segment 

trapezoidal, convex above, not longer than wide at apex. ¢ (@ 

UNKNOWN) eisai seen eso oss ctlee seh « » SLCROIOMOL DNAs PAShimead. 

(Type Sierola ambigua, Ashm.) 

3. Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure.... 4. 
Second cubital receiving both recurrent nervures. 

Claws cleft ; marginal cell not separated from the costa at apex ; 

first joint of flagellum a little shorter than the second. 


ee Sa OE FRI AS She ES Se eis i, Cosila, Guérin. 
(ype. Chilensis, Guér.) 

4. Claws cleft, or with a tooth or lobe at base beneath...... ei ck SS o's 
Claws SImMPle: 4 cmd fats Sees oni 6 bore hae Sedan pene nee aS viele APO 


5. Claws with a tooth beneath ; head large, quadrate or nearly, armed 
with a tooth on each side beneath. ...... Dicrogenium, Stadelman. 
(Type Pristocerus rosmarus, Stadelm.) 

Claws usually cleft ; head transverse, unarmed. 

Claws not dilated into a rounded lobe at base ; hind tibiz serrate; 
marginal cell at apex rounded, separated from the costa and 
usually with an appendage ; cubitus in hind wings originating 
before the transverse median nervure. @...... Cosila, Sichel. 

Claws dilated into a rounded lobe at base; hind tibiz with the 
superior margin tuberculate, crenate and pilose or spined 
between the tubercles ; third cubital cell anteriorly not dilated. 

Marginal cell at apex entire............Callosila, Saussure. 

(Type Myzine signata, Smith.) 

Marginal cell at apex strongly truncate... Colobosila, Sichel. 

(Type C. fasciculata, Sich.) 

6. Head not large, quadrate, quite differently shaped. . Bie peel & edit 
Head very large, quadrate ; ocelli subtriangularly ai faeces ‘iatieliblles 
short, stout, bidentate ; antennz short, inserted on the anterior part 

of the face, the scape stout; marginal cell hardly as long as the first 
cubital cell, rounded at apex, the submedian cell much longer than 

the ‘Media: 7A s ec eo wat he etceets Uae RNS wT eS eS 
(Type M. australis, Smith.) 

7. Head subglobose, the ocelli close together in a triangle ; mandibles 
tridentate ; antennz inserted close to the anterior margin of the 
head, filiform, the scape longer than joints 2 and 3 united ; marginal 

cell long, subtruncate at apex ; median and submedian cells equal ; 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 





cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median 

NEGVUTE Pos 2 oe eee eee. eae. 2 FedtschenkiasSatssure: 

(Type F. grossa, Sauss.) 

Head transverse, seen from in front longer than wide; the eyes large, 

occupying the whole side of the head, and extending from base of 

mandibles to vertex; mandibles bidentate, the outer tooth much 

longer than the inner; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, labial palpi 3-jointed; 

antenne 12-jointed, rather long, the flagellum subclavate, inserted 

on the anterior margin of the head; pronotum considerably longer 

than the mesonotum, the latter with two widely separated furrows ; 

scutellum fully one-third longer than the mesonotum ; metathorax 

long, obliquely rounded off posteriorly ; abdomen fusiform, a little 

longer than the head and thorax united, with a constriction between 

the first and second segments......Isotiphia, Ashmead, gen. nov. 

(Type I. nigra, Ashm.) 

1. Lsotiphia nigra, sp.nov. 9% .—Length 4mm. _ Polished black, 

the head and the mesonotum with some sparse punctures, the metathorax 

rugulose ; antennz brownish, towards apex black; tips of tibie and 

tarsi testaceous; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud through the 

discoidal cells, and another through the second and third cubital 

cells and the disk of the wings. 

Brazil: Santarem. One specimen. 


FamILy XXXIX.—Rhopalosomide. 

The writer established this family in 1896. It was based upon Rho- 
palosoma Foeyi, Cresson, a most singular looking wasp, that, on account 
of its colour, the subemarginate eyes and the prominent ocelli, resembles 
an ichneumon-fly of the subfamily Ophzonine. Mr. Cresson described it 
as a Braconid. It is, however, a true aculeate, and shows some affinity 
with the Wyrmoside and Mutillide, through such genera as Brachyeistis, 
Tricholabtoides, Photopsis, Magrettina, etc. 

The family was very fully discussed in my paper entitled ‘“Rhopalo- 
somide, a new family of fossorial wasps,” published in the Proceedings of 
the Washington Entomological Society, Vol. ilI., 1896, pp. 303-9. 


The only genus known may be recognized by the following charac- 
ters : 


Eyes emarginate within; antenne long, slender, the joints of the flagellum 
long, cylindrical, each joint with two spurs at apex within ; front wings 
with two oblong, closed cubital cells, the second receiving the recurrent 


44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





nervure a little before the middle ; abdomen long, clavate, the petiole 
very long ; legs long, the tibial spurs 1, 2, 2, very long and straight ; 
tarsi long, the middle and hind tarsi with joints 2-4 broad and dilated, 
densely pubescent beneath, subemarginate and armed with some stiff 
spurs at apex ; claws long, curved............Rhopalosoma, Cresson. 

(Type R. Poeyi, Cr.) 





TUTT'’S “* BRITISH “LEPIDOPTERA” /—— Av REPLY SOeDR: 
DYAR. 

It is in no spirit of carping criticism that I write in reply to Dr. 
Dyar’s remarks on the 3rd volume of Mr. Tutt’s British Lepidoptera. 
Far otherwise, for I have always considered myself as one of his disciples, 
as it was his and Dr. Chapman’s stimulating work on Lepidopterous 
larve that first aroused my interest in this branch of entomology,and my 
chief object in the following remarks is a desire to arrive at a clearer 
understanding, in view of future work. Unfortunately, owing to the 
extremely limited time at my disposal, i am not nearly so well versed in 
the literature of my subject as I should be, it being a question of choosing 
between first-hand work, at the risk of repeating through ignorance 
of what another has already done, or acquiring a fuller knowledge of what 
other workers are doing. I have chosen the former, and this must be my 
excuse if I have missed some important work of Dr. Dyar’s that has 
already settled some of the points I raise. 

With regard to tubercle v of the Sphinges, I gladly acknowledge that 
the error which led Mr. Tutt astray was chiefly mine, as Mr. Tutt was in 
this instance largely relying on my notes. I am the more ready to take 
this action in that by so doing I find myself in company with Dr. Dyar 
himself, my mistake being, perhaps, somewhat analogous to the mistake so 
readily acknowledged by him with reference to his statement of the 
absence of tubercle iv. in the Saturniids (‘‘ Additional Notes on the 
Classification of Lepidopterous Larvee,” Zransactions of the New York 
Academy of Sciences, 1894, Vol. XIV., p. 51). Tubercle v. on the 
abdominal segments of Sphingid larvee is, normally, not only moved up to 
the level of the spiracle, but is, in addition, shifted forward until it is 
situated almost on the verge of the anterior edge of the segment, and it 
was owing to this unusual position and the fact of there being an accessory 
tubercle in this position in Lachneid larvee which led me astray. Almost 
before the volume had left the binder’s hands, an examination of some 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 





notes I had made some time previously, but forgotten, with regard to the 
ist instar of Sesta (Macroglossa) stellatarum, caused me to doubt the 
correctness of our conclusion, and the opportunity of examining larvee of 
Hemaris tityus (bombyliformis) and Hyles (Deilephila) euphorbie in 
their first skins has proved to me that Dr. Dyar’s view is undoubtedly 
correct. In its first instar, the larva of Ses¢a ste/latarum has tubercle v. 
on the first abdominal segment below the level of the spiracle, although 
still at a higher level than iv. It is definitely situated on the lateral 
flange, which on this segment bends upwards towards the anterior margin. 
Much the same condition also obtains in the same segment in Hemaris 
tityus, v. being on the lateral flange in front of iv. and below the level of the 
spiracle ; while in /7y/es euphorbie iv. and v.on the first abdominal segment 
are consolidated at base, the two sete being a very short distance apart 
and both rising from a small oval plate beneath the spiracle. 

The next point raised is with regard to the union of tubercles iv. and 
v., or, more correctly speaking, their inclusion within the limits of a group 
of hairs on a raised skin area or wart beneath the spiracle, on the larva of 
Lasiocampa quercus and Pachygastria trifoliz. This union or inclusion 
is a condition which, as Mr. Dyar himself has shown, is of not infrequent 
occurrence in some groups of Lepidoptera, and is met with in many 
different stages of development, e. g., from the condition obtaining 
in Anthrocera (Zygena), where, in the second stadium, iv. and v., without 
becoming appreciably nearer together than they were in the tst larval 
stage, are surrounded by an irregular group of secondary seta, the whole 
group being situated on a slightly-raised skin area, to the definite sharply 
outlined and more or less raised wart, a condition such as obtains in 
Saturniids or certain larvee of the Pterophorina. In at least one species of 
the latter group (I think AZarasmarcha pheodactyla is an example) this 
inclusion of iv. and v. is beautifully demonstrated owing to the primary 
setee having black bases, while the secondary sete have pale ones. Now 
Dr. Dyar, without directly contradicting such an union or inclusion of iv. 
and v. within the limits of a single subspiracular wart in Pachygastria 
trifolii, calls it in question, and I would ask if he has examined the larva 
of this species in its first instar. Fortunately, I have by me specimens of 
this larva roughly mounted for the microscope, and I have carefully 
re-examined the same, and can find only the three many-haired warts 
mentioned near the spiracle, viz., iil. above it, the accessory perpen- 
dicular, and the subspiracular wart which I take to contain within its 


46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








limits the primary sete iv. and v. I can find no trace of any small 
tubercles, single-haired or otherwise, in proximity to the spiracle or these 
warts. I may here remark that the 1st stage of P. ¢trzfo/iz shows a much 
more primitive condition than that of Z. guercus, the warts being smaller 
and bearing fewer hairs, while the absence of any secondary hairs arising 
from the general skin surface obviates the difficulty of discriminating 
between primary and secondary characters that one finds in the last named 
species. Had I not examined the larva of P. ¢rifolii I should not have 
written ‘‘iv.+v. almost post-spiracular” with regard to Z. gwercus, as 
without this key, any of the numerous secondary hairs in proximity to the 
spiracle might be taken for either iv. or v., or single hairs might have been 
chosen for both and the large wart designated as a secondary character. 
Unless, therefore, my eyesight is greatly at fault we must either consider 
iv. and y. to be included within the subspiracular wart of P. ¢rifo/it, and 
by analogy within that of Z.gwercus,or conclude that one of them has been 
lost ; and, in view of what Dr. Dyar has said in regard to the possible loss 
of v. in the Sphinges and what we know as to the ready tendency of iv. 
and v. to become members of a common group of set in certain groups 
of larve, and the possibility of their becoming consolidated on a single 
segment of a larva of one species or tribe (see previous remarks re Hy/es 
(Deilephila) euphorbie), the line of least resistance is surely greatly in 
favour of the first-named conclusion. My slide showing a 1st stage larva 
of P. trifolii is at Dr. Dyar’s disposal should he care to examine it. 


On the question of whether the first stage of Ag/ia tau is to be 
considered a specialized one, I must join issue with Dr. Dyar on two 
points: firstly, as regards the very restricted meaning attached by him to 
the words ‘ Primitive first stage.” This would bring the first skin larvee 
of such species as Stauropus fagi and Dicranura vinula within the 
category of having a primitive or unspecialized first stadium. Even if it 
were possible to get a majority of entomologists to accept this sense, it 
would still be entirely at variance with the sense in which these words 
would be understood by biologists at large. Secondly, even if we accept 
the special meaning in which Dr. Dyar uses the term, the condition 
implied is of present in the 1st instar of Avia tau. Not only are the 
large horns identifiable with tubercle i. on the meso- and meta-thoracic 
segments and the transversely conjoined i.+i. belonging to the 
right and left sides of the 8th abdominal segment bear setz on their 
lower lateral branches, besides those on the terminal forks, but the raised 


THE: CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. | Aen 








bases of iii. and iv. are forked and bear fwo sete and there are also 
additional secondary setz rising from the general skin surface that are in 
no way associated with the primary tubercles. I have preserved but 
unmounted larvee of this species in their 1st instar, and as with P. ¢rifoliz 


I shall be glad to forward them to Dr. Dyar if he desires to examine 
them. 


There does not appear to be any issue between us with regard to 
Dimorpha, but I should like to enquire as to what is inferred by the 
remark “but it does not suggest the Zachne:de nor Liparide proper.” 
Are we to understand this as denoting a relationship between these two 
groups other than the general one in that both belong to the same order? 


A. Bacor. 
154 Lower Clapton Road, London N.E., England, Dec. 7th, 1902. 


AD NEW SPECIES OF SHY POEAPUS, KIRBY. 
BY J. CHESTER BRADLEY, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


Hy polepus Viereckit, sp. nov.—Dark, abdomen white beneath, legs 
partly white, wings hyaline, nervures white at base. Length, 7-8 mm. 

? .—Head shining black ; face below the insertion of the antenne, 
a narrow band between the antennz and the eyes, head above the eyes, 
and the temples, white; antenne black, nine-jointed, third slightly arcuate, 
thicker and longer than the fourth, which is in turn longer than the fifth, 
and so on to the last. ‘Thorax shining black, laterally in front of wings 
white ; wings hyaline, nervures brown, whitish at base of wing ; first 
transverse cubitus transparent, without colour, second submarginal cell 
receiving two recurrent nervures, lanceolate cell petiolate, only one 
marginal cell; legs dark brown, all coxe and trochanters, tibize except 
tips and basal third of posterior femora, white ; posterior tibie slightly 
enlarged, longitudinally sulcate, first joint of posterior tarsi as long as the 
other three combined, the last joint being especially short. Abdomen 
cylindrical, slightly angled laterally and more so dorso-medially ; dorsal 
segments dark brown, ventral segments entirely white. 


The paratypes have the second transverse cubital and the first recur- 
rent nervures interstitial; the first transverse cubitus is often coloured, and 
the anterior two pairs of tarsi are often pale. 

Habitat.—Westville, N. J., Sept. 12. Mr. H. L. Viereck, 7 specimens 
(?). Type in the collection of the American Entomological Society. 
Paratypes in the collection of the Wagner Institute in this city, the collec- 
tion of the U. S. Nat. Museum, and the author’s collection. 


48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


A NEW DIASPID GENUS. 


BY R. A. COOLEY, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BOZEMAN, MONTANA. 


In Professor T, D. A. Cockerell’s ‘‘ First Supplement to the Check-list 
of the Coccide” (published in the bulletin of the Illinois State Labora- 
tory of Natural History, 1899), the following footnote occurs on page 
398: ‘‘ Phenacaspis, Cooley and CkIl., will be a new genus, to include 
P. nysse, Chinensis, engenie, etc., hitherto placed in Chionaspis. Mr. 
Cooley and the present writer agree that these forms have no generic 
relationship with genuine Chionasfis except through Awlacaspis and 
Diaspis. 1 leave Mr. Cooley to publish the generic characters, and classify 
the species.” 


The present paper gives the generic characters of Phenacaspis. 


PHENACASPIS, gen. nov., Cooley and Ckll. 


Scale of female elongated, with the exuviz at the anterior extremity, 
white. Scale of male much smaller than that of female; elongated, with 
the scales nearly parallel. With two longitudinal grooves on the dorsal 
surface, causing one or three carinz, which vary in prominence in different 
species. Pygidium with the terminal pair of lobes more or less sunken 
into the body, and having their inner edges serrate or crenate, and strongly 
divergent, leaving a distinct notch on the median line. 

The colour and shape of the scales of the two sexes, together with 
the median notch of the pygidium, are the essential characters of the 
genus. 

Since in Professor Cockerell’s note zyss@ is the first species named, I 
suggest that this species be considered as the type of the genus. 


CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. 


The new Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of North America which I 
have prepared has been issued as Bulletin No. 52 of the United States 
National Museum. It comprises 740 pages. The edition is being dis- 
tributed by the Smithsonian Institution, without charge. Those not 
receiving the publications of the National Museum regularly, and who 
are interested enough in entomology so that this publication would be of 
practical use to them, will be cheerfully recommended by me to receive a 
copy, on making application to the undersigned. 

Harrison G, Dyar, Washington, D. C. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 





BOOK NOTICE. 


Species des Hyménopteres d’Europe et d’Algerie: Les Mutillides—Par 
Ernest André. A. Hermann, 6 et 12, Rue de la Sorbonne, Paris, 
France. 


This work, representing the 8th volume of André’s great work on the 
European Hymenoptera, begun in 1888 by Edmond André, is now 
completed by the publication of fascicle 81. 

The volume before us is devoted to a consideration of the family 
Mutillide, a \arge family of parasitic wasps living principally in the nests 
of bees and predaceous wasps, and is written by Ernest André, a brother of 
Edmond, contains nearly 500 pages, 25 plates, and gives full descriptions 
of all the AZutid/ide occurring in Europe and Algiers ; the first fascicle 
appeared in 1899. 

After a brief preface and the definition of the family, Mr. André gives 
a good historical sketch of the family, which is based upon the genus 
Mutilla, Linné, established in 1758. From this sketch one may gain an 
excellent idea of the vagueness and confusion that existed among earlier 
authorities respecting genera, the great difference of opinion held by the 
more distinguished, and the slowness with which the modern and the more 
correct conception of a genus became established. 

Mr. André devotes many pages to thoroughly defining the structural 
characters of these wasps, their life evolution and biology, and their 
geographical distribution. He finds that they are distributed over the 
entire world, and estimates that 1,600 species are known ; of this number 
about half are found in America, the others being distributed in Europe, 
Africa, Asia and Australia. 

After a good bibliography, in which 209 works and papers, treating 
on these wasps, are listed, he enters into a systematic account of the 
family, genera and species. He divides the family into four tribes: L., 
fedtschenkiine; \1., Apterogynine ; I11., Methocine; and IV., Mutilline. 
No one, probably, will object to Mr. André’s groups; they are natural 
and well characterized. But most decidedly some will differ with him 
as to their rank and the position assigned them ; I do. 

In my opinion f¢hree of these tribes do not belong to the family 
Mutillide (sens. str.) ; they differ too widely in many important charac- 
ters to be included in the same family, although probably all are natural 
minor groups in other families. edtschenkia is winged in both sexes, and 
I have placed it in the family Cosz/ide; the male has wof the characteristic 
genitalia of a Mutillid. The Apterogynine should be placed in the family 


30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Myrmoside, the female having the thorax divided and the male having the 
hypopygium ending in an upward curved aculeus ; while the JJethocine, 
excluding the genus J/7//uta, which is a genuine Myrmosid, belong to the 
family Zhiynnide, and are the only representatives of the family found in 
Europe. 

Milluta, André, only superficially resembles a genuine Methocine, and 
falls in naturally with many genera in the Myrmoside. In the supplement 
terminating the volume, Mr. André thinks the characters upon which my 
recently established genus J/agrettina were based rather sfecific than 
generic, and makes it a synonym of A/7//uta, André. This, however, is 
merely an opinion, but coming from one who has done such excellent 
work in the Mutillide as Mr. André, has weight and should receive con- 
sideration. I must, however, differ from him. In my original diagnosis I 
called attention to the close relationship J/agrettina had to Wil/uta, and 
still think it distinct. When my revised generic tables of the Zhynnide, 
Myrmoside and Mutillide appear, in my classification of the Vespoidea, 
now in course of publication in the Canapran Enromo tocist, I feel 
convinced Mr. André will also think differently. I shall make use of 
characters that are generic, not specific, at least in my estimation. 

In the opinion of Mr. André, Al/oneurion, Ashmead, which was 
founded upon Agama Kokpetica, Radoszkowski, is based upon an accident 
of venation, and is absolutely not distinct from Pseudophotopsis, André. 
Who knows? All specimens I have seen have the venation alike in 
both wings ! 

Mr. André has subdivided the genus JZutc//a, Linné, although he 
calls the divisions only subgenera ; it is a move in the right direction, and 
is destined to be universally followed. On page 129 he tabulates 10 
subgenera, as follows: “phutomma, Ashm.; Pseudophotopsis, André ; 
Tricholaliodes, Radosz. ; Myrmitla, Wesm. ; Platymutil/a, André, n. g. ; 
Nanomutilla, André, n. g. ; Mutilla, Linné; Cystomutilia, André; Dasy- 
mutilla, Radosz.; and Stenomutil/a, André. Each subgenus is then taken 
up in order, fully described in both sexes, when known, and followed by a 
table of the species. Full notes on distribution and habits accompany 
every description. 

The work terminates with a methodical and synonymical catalogue of 
the species. In all 116 species have been recognized and fully described, 
besides many varieties. JZuti//a maura, Linné, according to Mr. André, 
has 14 varieties ; JZ. rufipes, Fabricius, has 9 varieties, and other species 
have a less number of varietal forms. 

The very full tables and descriptions of all the European species, and 
the numerous plates, make the work invaluable to all students of the 
Hymenoptera. It is the best and most important work yet published on 
the family. WiLuiAM H. ASHMEAD. 


Mailed February 6th, 1903. 


} ; 
ee Ni 
at : 





Can, ENT., VOL. XXXV. PLATE 3. 





EDMUND BAYNES REED, 


ORIGINAL MEMBER OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SCCIETY OF ONTARIO, 
1863-1903. 





she € anadliay ¥ntomologist. 





VoL. XXXV. LONDON, MARCH, 1903. No. 3 








EDMUND BAYNES REED. 


The older members of the Entomological Society of Ontario will, 
no doubt, welcome with much pleasure the portrait of Mr. EpMuND 
Baynes REED, which is prefixed to this number of our magazine. He 
was one of the small band who originated the Society on the 16th of April, 
1863, and is one of the few survivors who may expect to commemorate its 
fortieth anniversary next month. 

Mr. Reed came to Canada from England when a young man, and 
took up his abode in London, where he, for some time, practised his pro- 
fession as a lawyer. Later on he became Secretary-Treasurer of the Synod 
of the Diocese of Huron, and continued to occupy this position till he left 
for British Columbia in 1890. He was always devoted to Natural His- 
tory, and especially to the collection and study of insects. His leisure 
time was largely given up to these pursuits and to the work of the Ento- 
mological Society, in which he took the warmest interest. He and Dr. 
Saunders were instrumental in forming the London Branch of the Society 
and keeping up the enthusiasm of its members. When the headquarters 
of the Society were removed to London, and there was, in consequence, no 
further need of a Branch, Mr. Reed took an active part in everything that 
was done, and gave most material help in the formation and increase of 
the Library and collections. He was Secretary-Treasurer of the Society in 
1871—-2-3, and from 1880 to 1886; Vice-President in 1874, 1877, and 
from 1887 to 1889; member of the Council from 1874 to 1876, and in 
1878-9 ; and during many of these years Librarian and Curator in addi- 
tion. The following extract from the report of the Council for the year 
ending August 31st, 1890, bears testimony to his usefulness and services : 

“Tn consequence of the removal of Mr. E. Baynes Reed from London 
to British Columbia, to take charge of the Dominion Meteorological 
Station at Victoria, it will be necessary to make some new arrangements 


OU 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





for the care of the Library and collections and the performance of the 
official work of the Society....The Council desire to place on record 
their feelings of deep regret at the removal of Mr. Reed from this Province 
and the loss which the Society thereby sustains. Mr. Reed is one of the 
original members of the Society, and for more than a quarter of a century 
has been one of the most active and zealous of its officials, filling at differ- 
ent times the positions of Vice-President, Secretary-Treasurer, Librarian, 
Curator, and Auditor. To him it is especially due that the Library has 
grown to its present dimensions and value and that so much progress has 
been made by the Society in many directions, The Council beg to thank 
Mr. Reed for his services in the past, and wish him. all possible success 
and prosperity in his new and important sphere of labour.” 


Mr. Reed was a constant contributor to the pages of the CANADIAN 
ENTOMOLOGIST from the very first volume, in which appeared five articles 
from his pen. His papers, largely collecting notes, records of rare cap- 
tures, etc., were always interesting and valuable ; he also furnished de- 
scriptive articles on larve, an Accentuated List of Canadian Lepidoptera, a 
report to the Ontario Department of Agriculture (jointly with Dr. Saun- 
ders) on the Colorado Potato-Beetle, which had then invaded Western 
Ontario from the neighbouring State of Michigan, and popular papers on 
common insects. 

In the preparation of the early Annual Reports of the Society he took 

-a large share, and contributed elaborate and valuable papers, as follows : 
Insects affecting the Plum, Report 1. (1870), pages 53-63, and Report ii. 
(1871), pp. 22-26; Insects injurious to the Potato, ibid, pp. 65-81 ; In- 
sects attacking the Cucumber, Melon, Pumpkin and’ Squash, ibid, pp. 
89-92 ; Insects affecting the Maple Trees, Report 11. (1872), pp. 35-43 ; 
Insects affecting the Peach, ibid, pp. 44-47 ; Insects affecting the Potatg, 
ibid, pp. 48-50 ; Some common Insects which affect the Horse, Ox and 
Sheep, Report iv. (1873), pp. 34-41 ; Entomological Contributions, Re- 
port v. (1874), pp. 11-16 ; Sphingide—Hawk-Moths, Report xii. (1881), 
pp. 48-70 ; Diptera—Two-winged Flies, Report xiii. (1882), pp. 45-53, 
and short articles in several of the volumes. From the above list it will 
be seen that Mr. Reed gave much attention to Economic Entomology, 
and did some very excellent work in that department. It was quite 
fitting, therefore, that he should have been one of the company who, in 
August, 1889, formed the Association of Economic Entomologists, and 
signed its original Constitution, 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 





Another valuable and important work that Mr. Reed performed for 
the Society was the compilation of a General Index to the first thirteen 
Annual Reports, 1870-1882, which proved of the greatest use for many 
years to the members of the Society and others who had occasion to refer 
to these publications. 

For some time before he left London, Mr. Reed took a great interest 
in meteorological observations, and in connection with the Observatory 
at Toronto established a local station and installed the necessary instru- 
ments. His anemometer and vanes were placed on the top of the Cathedral 
tower and connected by wires with his residence on the corner of Park and 
Queen’s Avenues. The work that he thus performed was so accurate and 
satisfactory that he was selected to take charge of the Pacific Coast Divi- 
sion of the Dominion Meteorological Service, and since 18go0 he has con- 
tinued to fill the office of Superintendent of the Observatory at Victoria, 
B.C. Though his time is fully taken up with his official duties, he con- 
tinues to be interested in Entomology, and is a member of the British 
Columbia Natural History Society. His many friends will, no doubt, 
heartily join with us in the wish that he may enjoy the blessings of health 
and well-being for many a year to come, and retain the vigour and vivacity 
which have always been his characteristics. Con hisaen: 


THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE AMERICAN ASSO- 
CIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, C. L, MARLATT. 

Washington, D. C., Dec. 30, 1902, and Jan. 2, 1903. 

The members of the Association of Economic Entomologists and the 
local _Entomologists of Washington connected with the Entomological 
Society of Washington, at the conclusion of the meeting of the first-named 
Association, met in an informal reunion and smoker at the residence of 
Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead, on the evening of December 27th, tg02. At 
this meeting the subject, first broached in the concluding session of the 
Association of Economic Entomologists, of reviving the Entomological 
Club of the A. A. A. S. was considered, and, in the absence of the last 
President of the Club, the Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, Mr. Schwarz was made 
Chairman of the meeting for the purposes of this discussion. A general 
desire was manifested on the part of those present to have the Entomo- 
logical Club revived or some other similar organization instituted. To make 


54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





the preliminary arrangements a committee was appointed, consisting of 
Mr. Schwarz as Chairman, and including also Messrs. Fletcher, Herbert 
Osborn, Kellogg and Hopkins. This committee held a meeting at the 
Cosmos Club on the afternoon of December 28th, and arranged for a re- 
vival of the old Entomological Club of the American Association, and 
fixed the first meeting for Tuesday evening, Dec. 30th, at 7.30, in a room 
provided in the Columbian Law School. 


This meeting of the Club was called to order at the hour named by 
Mr. Schwarz, as Chairman of the Provisional Committee. The following 


persons were present : 

Henry A. Ballou, Amherst, Mass.; J. Chester Bradley, 2221 Spring 
Garden St., Philadelphia, Pa.: H. E. Burke and A. N. Caudell, Washing- 
ton, D..C.;-E. P. Felt, Albany, N. Y.; F.W. Foxwotthy, ‘Ithaca, N:Y;; 
Otto Heidemann and W. E. Hinds, Washington, D. C.; Jas. S. Hine, 
Columbus, Ohio; A. D. Hopkins, Washington, D. C.; Chas. W. John- 
son, Philadelphia, Pa.; W. G. Johnson, New York ; Vernon L. Kellogg, 
Stanford University, Cal.; B. Pickman Mann and C. L. Marlatt, Wash- 
ington, D. C.; Geo. W. Martin, Nashville, Tenn.; Herbert Osborn, 
Columbus, Ohio; Raymond C. Osburn, New York ; A. L. Quaintance, 
College Park, Md.; Wm. D. Richardson, Iredericksburg, Va.; E. A. 
Schwarz and C. B. Simpson, Washington, D. C.; Otto H. Swezey, Colum- 
bus, Ohio. 

Mr. Schwarz called attention to the fact that the old Entomological 
Club was still in existence, and all that was necessary to put it in opera- 
tion was to proceed to the election of three officers: President. Vice- 
President, and Secretary. On motion of Mr. Ashmead, Mr. Schwarz, one 
of the oldest members of the Club and the one most familiar with the 
organization, was nominated, and duly elected President of the Club for 
the ensuing year. On motion of Mr. Hopkins, Mr. Ashmead was duly 
elected to the office of Vice-President. On motion of Mr. Felt, Mr. 
Marlatt was elected Secretary of the Club. 

Following the election of officers, a historical review of the Entomo- 
logical Club of the A. A. A. S. was read by Mr. Schwarz, the different 
meetings of the Club being dwelt upon and described individually. It is 
deemed advisable to include this paper entire, as portion of the minutes 
of this meeting. 


A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OF 
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION. 
BY E. A. SCHWARZ. 


Since the majority of the Entomologists present at this meeting be- 
long to a younger generation, who have never attended any of the meet- 


or 
or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








ings of the old Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S., a short history of 
the Club may not be out of piace on this occasion. ‘These notes I have 
prepared from a hasty persual of the most readily available extomological 
Jiterature, and more especially from the volumes of the CaNaDIAN ENTOo- 
MOLOGIST, to which periodical the Club is deeply indebted for the faithful 
preservation of its records through a long number of years. 

The first movement looking toward the formation of a purely ento- 
mological organization within the A. A. A. S. took place at the 21st meet- 
ing of the Association, held at Dubuque, Iowa, August 21-27, 1872. 
No definite action was taken at that time, and the only record of this 
movement is preserved in the Can. Enr., Vol. IV., 1872, p. 182. 

In the following year the Association met at Portland, Me., and its 
proceedings, as far as entomology is concerned, were briefly reported by 
Mr. P. R. Uhler, elected to act as Secretary during the three meetings 
held by the entomologists on August 21st, 22nd and 23rd. The subject 
of forming a sub-section of entomology was then reconsidered, “ but the 
number of entomological papers offered being so small, it was not then 
deemed advisable to go into sub-section.” (Can. Enr., Vol. V., 1873, 
p. 165.) 

At the following meeting of the Association, held at Hartford, Conn., 
in August, 1874, an unusual number of Entomologists was brought to- 
gether, and, after mature deliberation, it was resolved to organize under 
the name of ‘The Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S.,” and the fol- 
lowing constitution was adopted, which is printed in the Can. Enrv., Sept., 
EO74, p: 161, 

[At the request of the President, the constitution was then read by 
the Secretary. | 

In the year 1875 the first meeting of the Club was held in Detroit, 
Mich., on August roth, President Dr. J. L. LeConte in the chair, Prof. C. 
V. Riley, Secretary, and the minutes of this meeting are published in the 
Can. ENT., 1875, pp. 177-179. 

The minutes of the meetings of the Club held in 1576 in Buffalo, N. 
Y., occupy nearly ten pages (pp. 176-185) in the Can. Env., and, for the 
first time, a short address of the President, Dr. J. L. LeConte, is published, 

The records of the next meeting, held in Nashville, Tenn., are very 
meagre, on account of the absence of both the President and the Secre- 
tary, and occupy a little more than two pages in the Can. Env. for 1877 


(pp. 172-174.) 


56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The meetings of the Club held at St. Louis, Mo., in August, 1878, are 
fully reported upon in the Can. Env. of that year, and, for the first time, 
an elaborated address by the President, Dr. J. A. Lintner, on the progress 
of American Entomological Science, is published. 

The same remarks hold true for the Saratoga, N. Y., meeting in 1879 
(see Can. ENT., pp. 163-177), and for the Boston, Mass., meeting, held 
in 1880 (see Can. ENT., pp. 161-174). The minutes of the latter meet- 
ing were also published in the Amer. Entomo/.,Vol. I1I., pp. 272-274, and 
pp. 284-286. 

For the year 1881 the proceedings of our organization are published 
in the Can. ENT., pp. 179-189, and pp. 214--216, and in American 
Naturalist, pp. —, under the heading, ‘‘ Meeting of the Sub-section of the 
A. A. A. S.,” Rev. J. G. Morris being President. 

As a sub-section, the Entomologists of the A. A. A. S. do not seem 
to have been successful, for I fail to find any record of its meetings in 
1882, when the A. A. A. S. met at Montreal, Can. 

However, in 1883, when the Association met at Minneapolis, Minn., 
it was decided to reorganize the Entomological Club. The following 
officers were promptly elected: President, D. S. Keilicott ; Vice-Presi- 
dent, Herbert Osborn ; Secretary, O. S. Westcott. A large number of 
valuable and interesting communications were presented, which are re- 
corded in Can. Ent. for 1883. 

The 1884 meeting of the Club, held at Philadephia, Pa., was also a 
very successful one, as is apparent from the full record published in the 
Can. Ent., pp. 169-179, and pp. 181-186, the Secretary of the Club 
being Mr. J. B. Smith. . 

The minutes of the Ann Arbor, Mich., meeting in 1885 were fully re- 
ported in Vol. I. of Axtomologica Americana, and for the first time, papers 
read by members are printed in full in these records. 

In Vol. II. of the same periodical we find published the minutes of 
the Buffalo, N. Y., meeting, held in August, 1886. In Vol. III. are the 
minutes of the New York meeting, held in August, 1887. 

In spite of the fact that the Cleveland, O., meeting in 1888 was at- 
tended by a small number of Entomologists, a large number of valuable 
papers were read, besides an elaborate address of the President, Mr. John 
B. Smith, all of which is published in Vol. 1V. of Zutomologica Americana, 
while the Can. Env. also published a full account of the proceedings. 

At the Toronto, Can., meeting of the Association, in 1889, which was 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Die 


not very largely attended by the Entomologists, the Association of Official 
Economic Entomologists was founded, and held its first meeting in con- 
junction with the Entomological Club, the result being that most of the 
papers read were ofan economic nature. The minutes are published both 
in the Can. Enr. and in Zxtomol. Amer. 

At the Indianapolis, Ind., meeting in 1890, the Entomological Club 
was again well represented, and a successful meeting was held, as can be 
seen from the very full account published in the Can. Enr., while the 
Entom: Amer. brought out a short abstract. 

The number of members of the Entomological Club present at the 
Washington, D. C., meeting in 1891 exceeded that at any previous meet- 
ing, and the full record of the proceedings occupies 48 pages in the Can. 
Ent. of the same year. 

The Rochester, N. Y., meeting in 1892 was also very successful, and 
its record fills 61 pages of the Can. Enr. The following officers were 
elected for the next meeting: President, Rev. Chas. J. S. Bethune ; Vice- 
President, Mr. H. G. Hubbard; Secretary, Mr. C. L. Marlatt; but this 
“next” meeting was never held, nor is there any record of any subsequent 
meeting of the Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S. 


Following the reading of this communication and the constitution of 
the Club, the question of membership was brought up by Mr. Marlatt. 
The subject was discussed by Messrs. Bradley, Schwarz, Ashmead, Hop- 
kins, Felt and Marlatt. Mr. Marlatt moved to make section three of the 
constitution read as follows: ‘“ All members of the American Associa- 
tion for the Advancement of Science who are interested in entomology, 
and all members of the Association of Economic Entomologists, shall be 
ipso facto members of the Club. Other Entomologists may be elected to 
membership at any regular meeting.’ ‘This motion, seconded by Mr. 
Ashmead, was carried. On motion of Mr. Hopkins, the following pro- 
vision was added to this section: ‘* Members of local entomological so- 
cieties at the meeting place of the American Association of any year shall 
be considered as members of the Club.” 

The business of reorganizing the Club having been completed, Mr. 
Kellogg was invited by the President to give a report on the entomolog- 
ical work done under his direction on the Pacific Coast. 

Mr. Kellogg first called attention to a very creditable piece of mono- 
graphic work on Aleurodes by one of his students, exhibiting some espe- 
cially well-executed plates illustrating these insects. This work is scon to 


58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





be published. He exhibited also a pair of primary royalties of Zermopsis 
angusticollis, the Pacific Coast Termite. He had found no difficulty in 
securing a number of these royal pairs, and one of them he had brought 
alive from California in some decaying wood. ‘The true royalties of this 
kind are certainly very rare, and these forms excited much interest. 


Mr. Kellogg followed with an account of his work with the Blepharo- 
ceridz, a family of Diptera, which inhabit in the larval stage swift-running 
mountain streams. These Diptera have hitherto been considered very 
rare, and only fifteen species were known in the world—five of them in 
North America and six European, the remainder subtropical or tropical. 
To this number he had added four new species which he had studied in 
all stages, and added much to the information of the early stages, which 
had previously been little known. He described the manner of attach- 
ment of the larve to the rock beds in swift streams, the insect not oc- 
curring in still water, and gave an account of the habits of the larvee, the 
remarkable specialization in the larval and pupal characters, and also the 
habits of the adults, together with some details of the structural peculiar- 
ities of the latter. He urged all collectors to be on the lookout for these 
curious insects. He reported that the results of his investigations were in 
press, and included a revision of the family in North America, giving full 
details of all his studies, and he promised to send this paper to any one 
interested in the subject. A miscellaneous discussion followed this com- 
munication, bearing on these Diptera, in which some additional facts and 
explanations were given by Mr. Kellogg. Concluding the discussion, 
Mr. Schwarz stated that he was not familiar with any matter contained in 
the Entomologica Americana bearing on these insects, but that in com- 
pany with his late friend, Mr. Hubbard, and also later with Mr. Barber, 
he had made examinations covering two years in Arizona, and had never 
found an example of Blepharocera. He believed this to result from the 
fact that none of the mountain streams in Arizona can be called perma- 
nent. Every other season, at least, these streams dry up. Both Mr. Hub- 
bard and himself, he stated, were well acquainted with these forms, and 
would have recognized them if they occurred there. ‘The Simulium flies, 
on the other hand, maintained themselves under the conditions noted ; in 
other words, they were able to live in these streams and to survive the dry 
period, by what means he was not able to discover. 


Dr. Hopkins presented the following account of recent work in Forest- 
insect Entomology : 


Or 
te} 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





FOREST-INSECT EXPLORATIONS IN THE SUMMER OF 1902. 
[REVISED BY DR. HOPKINS FROM THE STENOGRAPHIC NOTES.| 


Dr. Hopkins gave an account of his preliminary survey, during the 
past summer, of the forest regions of different sections of the country to 
determine the primary enemies of forest trees and locate the areas of 
principal depredations. Between July and November he was in 27 States 
and two territories. His first trip was made through the South-eastern 
States, to determine the area of a recent outbreak of Dendroctonus 
Jrontalis. He found in the southern Appalachian region that this, one of 
the most destructive insects of American coniferous forests, was com- 
mencing its ravages as it did a few years previous to the great devastation 
wrought by it in the Virginias. He spoke of the probability that some of 
these insects, which are fora long time exceedingly rare, then suddenly 
make their appearance in vast numbers, taking the character of an inva- 
sion, are varieties of the typical forms which, on account: of favorable 
variations, are capable of extending their range into new areas, and also to 
overcome the resistance exerted by the living trees attacked by them, 
which could not be overcome by the typical forms. He gave as an ex- 
ample the results of his study of Dendroctonus frontalis, in which he 
found that the form which was so exceedingly common and destructive in 
the Virginias was a variety of the form described by Zimmerman many 
years ago. : 

After locating the trouble in the vicinity of Fletcher’s and Tryon, 
N. C., he travelled southward through South Carolina and Georgia to 
Tampa, Florida, and returned by another route, to determine the extent 
of this new outbreak. Returning to Washington from this trip, he pro- 
ceeded to the Black Hills, in South Dakota, where a vast amount of pine 
timber has been killed by Dendroctonus ponderose, as has been mentioned 
in Bulletin 32, new series, Division of Entomology. This species, he 
said, is another example of apparent variation from a western type, D. 
monticola, Hopk. MS. It has distinctive and constant characters of 
structure and habit which are sufficent to entitle it to the rank of a species, 
and he believes that it is possibly of recent development. D. monticola 
attacks the mountain pine (/’nus montico/a) in Idaho, and the sugar pine 
(P. Lambertiana) in Oregon. The smaller size of this species, the more 
primitive character of its gallery, and its wider distribution, indicate that it 
is the stock from which Dendroctonus ponderose has sprung, The latter 
is apparently more restricted in its range, having been found only in the 


60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Black Hills and in Northern Colorado. ‘This is simply offered as a sug- 
gestion of the probabilities, and to call attention to this feature, which 
should be considered in future investigations. 

From the Black Hills he went further west, through Wyoming and 
Montana to Spokane, Washington, thence to the Priest River Reserve, 
where he found Dendroctonus monticola doing considerable damage to 
Pinus monticola in the vicinity of Priest Lake. He also found D. 
pseudotsuga, Hopk. MS., intimately associated with the dying of the large 
red fir ( Pseudotsuga taxifolia). This latter species of Dendroctonus, he 
said, was one which for a long time had been confused with D. similis, 
Lec., but upon examination of the type of D. sémz/is he found it to be 
quite a different thing, and undescribed, while D. similis is a synonym of | 
D. obesus, Mann. 

He found also the pine-defoliating butterfly occurred in considerable 
numbers, flying around the tops of the pine trees. The fact that this but- 
terfly was almost exterminated by its parasites a few years ago, and is now 
apparently on the increase, suggests that it may again become destruc- 
tive within a few years. Returning from Priest River, by the way of 
Spokane, he visited Sand Point, Idaho, where, in 1899, he discovered a 
young six-year-old entomologist, in whom he was very much interested. 
His name is Chariey Boyers. From Sand Point he went to Seattle, and 
thence into the Cascade Mountain range, where, among other finds, he 
made the discovery of a large Prionus larva boring in the living sapwood 
of a red fir, which four or five years previous had been injured by fire, but 
not killed. This was of interest, from the fact that this species is not 
supposed to bore into the living sapwood of standing trees. He also spoke 
of the great windfalls in the forests of that region, and the extreme difficulty 
met with in penetrating the forests thus obstructed by the great trees 
lapping over each other, making it necessary sometimes to climb from one 
tree to another, until one was twenty or thirty feet from the ground. He 
also spoke of the rich field for the Scolytid specialist in these wind-felled 
trees, which were infested by many species ; and spoke of such windfalls 
being the cause of serious depredations by insects which bred in them. 
Returning through Washington and Oregon to San Francisco, he found 
that the Phlceosinus mentioned by Mr. Fowler, under the name of P. 
punctatus*, as destructive to the Lawson cypress, was not punctatus, but 
an undescribed species which he had found in a Cryptomeria when there 








*Report of work of the Agr, Exp, Sta., Univ. of Calif., 1898-1901, Part I., page 80, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 





in 1899, and also in Sequoia. Going from San Francisco to Del Monte 
and Monterey, California, he found the same thing in living Lawson’s 
cypress on the grounds at Del Monte, and especially abundant in the 
broken branches and recently-felled trees of the Monterey cypress in the 
original grove at Cypress Point. He thinks that the original home of the 
species is in the ancient grove, but it has been distributed further north 
with the tree, which has been extensively planted for hedges and as an 
ornamental tree. We have here another example of a beetle which in 
its original host plant and distribution is not destructive, but becomes so 
under different environments and with change of habit. He also found 
Dendroctonus valens working serious damage to the Monterey pine, and 
associated with it a number of species of Tomicus, Pityophthorus, etce., 
which appear to be causing considerable trouble. He mentioned also the 
timber which had been destroyed by fire, mentioned by Mr. Schwarz at a 
previous meeting, and spoke of the great number of beetles breeding in 
the injured trees and spreading their depredations into living ones. Re- 
turning from Monterey on the Santa Fe R. R., he visited Williams, 
Arizona, to examine a trouble there reported by Mr. Schwarz, which was 
causing the death of a considerable number of pine trees. This was found 
to be caused by Dendroctonus approximatus, Dietz., and also by two un- 
described species of Dendroctonus, which are closely allied to D. fron- 
talis. He found also that among the Pinon on the rim of the Grand 
Canon, and between there and Williams, individual trees were dying and 
infested with Tomicus and other bark beetles. 
(To be continued.) 





NEW ORIENTAL ALEURODID~. 
BY A. L. QUAINTANCE, COLLEGE PARK, MD. 
Aleurodes Marlatti, n. sp. 

Fgg.—Size about .1 mm. x .2 mm., exclusive of stalk, which is quite 
short, holding egg in upright position on leaf; regularly elliptical in 
outline. Colour, dirty yellowish brown, as seen on leaf; under 
transmitted light, yellowish. Shell without markings or sculpturing of 
any kind. 

Larva.— Broadly elliptical. Colour, except in first stage which is 
yellowish, brownish to brownish black, varying in some specimens to an 
iridescent blue black ; in later stages, margined all around with a short, 
rather squarely-trimmed, white, waxy secretion, from the marginal wax 


62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








tubes. Margin of case plainly crenulated, the incisions between wax 
tubes shallow and acute, but furrowed somewhat entad, giving a fluted 
marginal area. Abdominal segments distinct, thoracic segments moder- 
ately so. There is a slight, rounded medio-dorsal ridge along abdomen. 
Vasiform orifice triangular; operculum subcordate; lingula_ well 
developed, subcapitate distally, the stalk rather narrow. A _ pair of 
moderate, whitish setse project caudad from caudal end of case. Size 
of larva, probably in second stage, .63 mm. x.5 mm. 


Pupa Case,— As seen on leaf, shiny jet black and considerably 
convex when fully developed. ‘There is a short, uniform, rather squarely- 
trimmed, glassy waxen fringe all around from the marginal wax tubes. On 
dorsum of abdomen there is an interesting “ top-shaped” outline, formed 
by a narrow, more or less continuous line of whitish waxy secretion. The 
cephalic end of the figure originates along first abdominal segment, the 
sides curving outward and caudad, but some narrowing, the lines passing 
on either side of the vasiform orifice, caudad of which they coalesce more 
or less, the figure terminating in an acute point at caudal end of case. 
Lines of wax along the sutures of the abdominal segments extend out 
laterally from the more central, top-shaped figure, the whole forming an 
interesting and characteristic pattern. On cephalic end of case there is an 
irregular ellipse of wax, marking approximately the head region of the 
pupa. This dorsal secretion is most evident in the more mature 
individuals, and may be more or less absent in the younger forms. There 
is a very distinct suture all around, which separates from the body proper 
the pronounced fluted marginal rim. This latter is inclined to the 
surface of the leaf at an angle of about 45 degrees. Size variable, but 
about 1.35 mm. x 1.1 mm., roundly elliptical in form. Abdominal 
segments distinct, and thoracic moderately so. On cephalic end of case 
the transparent, subreniform ‘‘eye spots” very distinct. Vasiform orifice 
triangular, subacute caudad. QOperculum subcordate ; lingula difficult to 
make out, but probably as in larva. From caudal end of orifice a distinct 
furrow extends back to caudal end of case. Margin crenulated all 
around, the incisions between wax tubes shallow and acute ; on latero- 
cephalic margin of case, on each side, a single tubular pore, noticeably 
distinct from adjacent wax tubes. Pupa case of general type of A. 
qguercus-aquatice, (uaint., from Florida. 


Adult.— 9. Body yellowish, with sutures mostly blackish. Length 
about .83 mm.; fore wing, 1.2 mm. x.56 mm.; antenne and legs usual, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63 


Fore wings with two irregular, broken bands of reddish, each crossing 
wing about equidistant on each side of caudal flexure of vein. There is 
also a small central spot, almost caudad of flexure, and a more or less 
evident spot at tip of vein. A small, irregular spot also occurs caudad of 
veinlet, near base of wing. 

d. Very like female, but smaller. Penis and valves of genitalia 
rather slender, sickle-shaped and acute. 

Specimens on orange; collected by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, Hakato, 
Japan, May 21, 1901. Adults bred out by Mr. Marlatt. This species 
was also taken at Kumomoto, Japan, by Mr. Marlatt, on May 17, 1901. 
Described from numerous specimens of eggs, larvae and pupa-cases. 
Adults described from a few imperfect females and one male in balsam 
mounts. Types in U. S. National Museum. 

Aleurodes spinifera, ni. sp. 

Fgg.—¥Exclusive of stalk, .2 mm. long by about .1 mm. wide ; 
yellowish, curved, and marked with rather minute, closely-set polygonal 
areas. Stalk quite short, holding egg in more or less upright position on 
leaf. 

Larva.—Regularly elliptical, appearing brownish on leaf, varying to 
black, with evident, but short, cottony fringe of wax all around from 
marginal wax tubes ; dorsum without secretion. Size, probably in second 
stage, about .¢ mm.x .3 mm. Margin distinctly crenulated all around, 
incisions between wax tubes short and acute. Abdominal segments quite 
distinct, thoracic less so. Dorsum set with very strong, heavy spines as 
follows: a row on each side about equidistant between the median 
longitudinal dorsal line and margin of case, of seven spines each or 
fourteen in all. Eight of these occur on the abdomen and six on the 
thorax. More centrally on the thorax are six equally developed spines in 
pairs. Vasiform orifice, which is somewhat elevated on a_ subconical, 
truncated protuberance, subcircular in outline ; operculum subcircular to 
subcordate, nearly filling orifice. Lingula short, nearly obsolete. 

Pupa Case.—As seen on leaf, with reflected light, jet black, con- 
siderably convex, the strong, dark spines plainly evident. Dorsum 
without secretion, but there is a compact, short, cottony fringe all around 
from marginal wax tubes. Size of mature specimens about 1.33 mm. x 
I mm., roundly elliptical in shape. On dorsum there is a submarginal 
row all around of strong, dark, acute spines, projecting considerable above 
and beyond case, nine or ten on each side. There is also a subdorsal row 


64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





on each side of strong, similarly-coloured, but shorter, spines, ten to 
twelve in number; nearer the medio-dorsal line there are four pairs 
of spines on the thorax, and a pair on abdominal segments 1, 2, 3 and 7, 
respectively. Vasiform orifice prominently elevated on an oblique, 
subconical, truncated protuberance, the subcordate orifice opening 
directly upwards. The operculum is similar in shape to orifice, which it 
nearly fills. Lingula obscure. There is a narrow, more or less evident 
marginal rim, composed of the prominent wax tubes, which are bluntly 
rounded distally, the incisions between them being moderately deep and 
acute On ventral surface rudimentary legs may be readily distinguished. 

Adults wnknown. 

Specimens collected by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, Garolt, Java, December 
7, 1901, on Citrus, sp., and Rose. Eggs and pupal stages described from 
numerous specimens ; larve from two specimens. This species is closely 
related to Maskell’s pzperis from Ceylon, but differs in the number 
and arrangement of spines in the vasiform orifice, and in the fact 
that the eggs of spzuzifera are distinctly marked with polygonal areas, 
whereas those of pipers are striated. Types in U.S. National Museum. 





TWO REMARKABLE NEW COCCID. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M. 


Of the two Coccide now described, the first is the type of a very 
peculiar new genus; the other is a very beautiful and interesting 
lac-insect. 

Stictococcus, n. g.—An aberrant genus of Lecaniine, with the anal 
orifice in the middle of the back, not connected with the hind margin by 
a slit or groove. Anal ring with six hairs in larva; none in adult. Anal 
plates so modified in adult as to be unrecognizable. Legs small, but well 
developed. Antenne with 5 or 6 joints. Margin with long bristles, and 
flattened bifid or palmate plates or spines. Dorsum with numerous large 
pits. 

Stictococcus Sjostedti, n. sp. (T. D. A. & W. P. CkIl.). 

Numerous on small branches. Oval, flattish, about 4 mm. long, 3 
broad, and 1% high; Zecantum-like, smooth and shiny, ferruginous to 
olive-brown ; anal orifice in middle of back; dorsal region with two 
longitudinal rows of large round pits, single and (in two cases) two 
together: thus, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, and then a single one in the middle line 
where the two rows converge. Subdorsal region with a row on each side 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 





of similar, but smaller, pits, about ten in number, no two close together ; 
sides abruptly descending, with submarginal and marginal rows of pits, 
the submarginal quite large, the others very small. Margin with scattered 
hairs. On the under side is a small amount of mealy secretion, arranged 
in radiating lines upon the sides of the abdomen. In some specimens the 
back is more or less coated with an easily deciduous waxy material. 

Mouth-parts small, labium rounded. Margin with long bristles, and 
numerous very broad and rather short palmated or bifid plates. Antenne 
stout, very small and pale, 5-jointed, with a long 3, or 6-jointed by the 
division of 3, in which case 4 is longer than 3, being a trifle longer than 
broad, while 3 is conspicuously broader than long. Legs stout, small and 
pale ; tarsus and tibia subequal, but tarsus a little the longer ; claw large, 
strongly hooked. Anal orifice dark brown, consisting of a circular 
chitinous plate, in which is a large quadrangular opening filled by two 
subquadrangular plates, each of which has on its surface a pair of 
darkened rounded processes or lobes, and also a pair of foramina, the 
foramina of the anterior plate near its anterior margin, and those of the 
posterior plate near its posterior margin. The hind margin of the anterior 
plate is concave, leaving a slit between the two. No bristles are apparent. 
Skin with many. minute circular gland orifices. Ventral surface in the 
abdominal region with a transverse fold fringed with hairs. 

Larva (from body of 2) broad-oval, with a similar dorsal anal 
orifice, but it is surrounded by the six long bristles of the anal ring. The 
anterior plate, which bears these bristles, is horseshoe-shaped, with the 
opening directed backwards, and into the opening falls the more or less 
oval posterior plate, which is longitudinally divided in the middle line, 
and no doubt represents the anal lobes. Margin with bristles and large 
flattened bifid or trifid plates as in the adult, only they are much larger 
in comparison with the size of the insect. Antenne stout. 

/fab.—Cameroons, W. Africa ; very numerous specimens in alcohol, 
collected by Dr. Yngve Sjostedt, of the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum at 
Stockholm. Several of the bottles are only labeled as from the 
Cameroons ; a few contain more exact labels—‘‘Itoki, Feb., 1891” ; 
‘Eskundu,” and “ Bonze.” This is the first Coccid on record from 
the Cameroons. 

Lachardia aurantiaca, 0. sp. 

On bark of branch; scales usually separate, sometimes coalescing, 

round, seen from above, 4 mm. long, convex, but flattened dorsally, 


66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





so that they are not half as high as broad; surface thrown more or 
less into concentric folds; colour bright orange; median dorsal area 
ferruginous, with radiating ridges and the usual orifices, the minutely 
transversely ribbed Jarval exuvia in the middle. Young, up to about 
2mm. long, orange-ferruginous, with rather obscure radiating ridges. 

Second stage : female with the cephalothoracic end narrower than the 
abdominal, and with a constriction between the thorax and abdomen. 
Abdomen emarginate posteriorly, as in the same stage of 7? Mexicana. 
No spine found. A couple of pale ferruginous (chitinous) triangular 
plates, each presenting near the middle a round patch of greatly crowded 
and very numerous gland-orifices, each of which under a high power 
exhibits a central nucleus, from which radiate five lines. Near one 
corner of the triangular plate is a smaller patch of similar orifices, 
here about twelve in number. Anal ring with ten long bristles ; the ring 
is transversely oval, and is divided into an anterior and a posterior part. 
The anterior part, bearing four bristles, is deeply notched in the middle 
anteriorly ; the posterior part, bearing six bristles, is deeply notched in the 
middle posteriorly. The lac is very hard to dissolve. The insects show 
the usual crimson pigment. 

Hab.—Garoet, Java, Dec. 7, 1901, on grape-fruit ( Citrus); collected 
by Mr. C. L. Marlatt. The second-stage females are attacked by a 
parasitic fungus, their bodies being full of the threads in some instances. 
The adults show large parasite holes, and what the parasites have left 
has been almost entirely consumed by a host of small hairy mites, 
evidently a species of TZyroglyphus, as they agree well with Fig. 54 
in Marlatt, Bull. 14, N. S., Div. Ent., Dep. Agr. (1898), p. 103. Owing 
to these conditions I was unable to obtain a good specimen of the female 
adult for mounting. 

‘The species is. easily known from Z: decorella by the absence 
of ribbing beyond the second stage. 





A CONTRIBUTION. 


Mr. E. P. Venables, Vernon, B. C., thoughtfully considering the 
needs of the Society, has donated to it some British Columbia beetles, the 
most of which are new to its collection, thus increasing by so much its 
powers of usefulness to others for the determination of specimens. 

J. Atston Morrat, Curator. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 





NEW COLEOPTERA FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES. 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 

All of the species described in the following pages belong to genera 
which are of small extent or have been recently monographed, and it is 
hoped that no confusion wili result from their publication. The types are 
in my own collection, and, unless otherwise credited, were captured by 


myself. 
PHYSORHINUS, Esch. 


Hitherto the only species of this genus known from the United States 
was P. fusculus, Champ. (Auchastus frontalis, Horn), and the curious 
pale head, which Dr. Horn thought might be accidental, is, according to 
Mr. Champion, characteristic of the genus, which is well represented in 
Central America. I have in my collection a form which seems to be new. 

P. yucce, 0. sp.—Elongate, subfusiform, convex, shining, clothed with 
rather dense yellowish pubescence ; castaneous, legs rather lighter. Head 
yellow, clypeal margin blackish, the surface deeply but somewhat finely 
punctate ; antennz passing the hind angles of the thorax, second joint 
extremely small, third barely longer, together about equal to the fourth, 
Prothorax a little wider than long, broadest behind the middle, rapidly 
narrowing to apex, sides nearly parallel behind, hind angles just percepti- 
bly divergent, acute, bicarinate, the inner carina straight, oblique, outer one 
very slightly curved and quite near the margin ; surface deeply and dense- 
ly but not very coarsely punctured, the punctuation of the neighbourhood 
of the anterior angles being the coarsest. Elytra at base not as wide as 
the thorax, becoming rapidly narrower from a point much in advance of 
the middle, sides slightly rounding, apices distinctly finely serrulate, tips 
conjointly rounded, all the strize distinct, but fine, with small distant punc- 
tures at bottom. interstrial spaces finely, irregularly and rather closely 
punctate. Beneath somewhat finely and closely punctured. Dilated por- 
tion of posterior coxal plates rounded at tip. Length 11 mm, 

Taken near Brownsville, Texas, by C. H. T. Townsend and myseif, 
in heads of Yucca during July. Differs from P. fuscudus by the closely 
punctured head. It is quite closely allied to the Mexican P. frontadis, 
Cand. The Central American species are said by Champion to occur 
mostly in forest clearings, and are collected by beating branches of trees. 

CHRYSOBOTHRIS, Esch. 

C. Piuta, n. sp.—Form oblong, subdepressed, bronzed, shining, 

head bright reddish cupreous, front green ; pronotum reddish cupreous, 


68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





bluish at base ; elytra bronzed, but much less brilliant than the thorax, 
the basal half, excepting the sutural and lateral margins and fover, dark 
bluish and more opaque ; body beneath dark bronze, with whitish pubes- 
cence, which forms denser patches on the meso- and metathoracic side 
pieces and on the sides of the ventral segments. Antenne greenish- 
bronze, slightly more slender to tip, third joint scarcely equal to the next 
two. Front deeply and quite regularly punctured, the punctures sepa- 
rated by about their own diameters, callosities indistinct, pubescence 
whitish, conspicuous. Clypeus broadly and obtusely triangularly emar- 
ginate, angles of emargination not rounded. Thorax about one-half 
broader than long, front margin slightly bisinuate when viewed from above, 
anterior angles obtuse, slightly rounded, sides nearly straight, but con- 
verging a trifle to near the base, whence they are suddenly sinuately nar- 
rowed to the hind angles; disc convex, regular, the punctuation deep, 
weli separated at middle, but becoming coarser and more crowded near 
the lateral margins and at sides of base, where it appears substrigose, but 
is scarcely confluent, median line obliterated in front, the posterior half 
smooth and shining, not impressed nor channelled. Elytra distinctly 
wider than the thorax, sides nearly parallel to about the apical third, 
whence they are narrowed to the separately rounded tips, serrations fine, 
numerous ; coste obliterated, except the exterior one, which is distinct on 
the humerus and near the middle of its length, but becomes evanescent be- 
hind ; impressions deep, arranged thus : a basal bronzed rounded one on 
each side of the scutellum, exterior to which is a shallower crescentic matk, 
not bronzed, extending from just within the humeral prominence to the 
suture. Behind this is a transverse bronzed indentation, wider externally, 
reaching nearly to the suture, while still posterior to this is another less 
distinct impression, which fades gradually into the cupreous area behind 
it. The punctuation of the elytral disc is fairly deep and well defined, 
but becomes scabrous at sides and towards the tips. Body beneath 
densely punctured, except on the median area of the abdomen, which is 
more shining. Prosternum lobed, hairy, without median smooth space. 
Last ventral with serrulate margin, coarsely, closely punctured, tip with a 
rounded emargination. Anterior tibize with apical dilatation about as in 
mali, tooth of femur indistinctly serrulate, middle tibize slightly arcuate, 
not angularly sinuate within, hind tibix straight. Length, 6.5 mm. 

This species belongs in Horn’s group IV., and may be placed near 
madi, from which it differs by the usually small size, contrasting colours, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 





obliteration of the frontal chevrons and elytral cost, the non-sulcation of 
the median thoracic line and by other characters. ‘The description is 
drawn up from a male; the female differs thus: last ventral broadly 
triangularly emarginate, with an indication of a lobe in the bottom of the 
emargination, as in cirysoe/a; however, this structure is a trifle un- 
symmetrical, and may be accidental. The prosternum is more coarsely 
punctured and less hairy than in the male, the anterior tibiz are not 
dilated at tip, and the middle tibie are straight, while the front of 
the head is entirely cupreous. 

The name refers to the tribe of Indians inhabiting the neighbourhood 
from which the beetle came. The type was taken with two other slightly 
smaller specimens, by beating desert shrubs near Independence, in 
Owen’s Valley, California, during the month of July. A female from 
Williams, Arizona, is somewhat more strongly sculptured, and the under 
side of the body is bluish. 


AGRILUS, Steph. 


The species described below seem to be well marked and easily 
recognizable, and thus worth describing separately. It is probable that 
the impetus given to the study of the genus through Dr. Horn’s 
monograph will result in the detection of a number of undescribed forms. 

A. pinalicus, n. sp. — Rather more robust and less narrowed behind 
than usual. Head, thorax and scutellum blue-black; elytra metallic 
green, with a dark sutural stripe. Antennz short, blackish, serrations 
beginning on the fourth joint. Front of head deeply and_ broadly 
channelled, the sulcus extending from the occiput on to the clypeus, the 
bottom clothed with close, snow-white pubescence; surface of head 
granulate behind the eyes, the remainder, where visible, transversely 
rugose. Thorax broader than long, wider in front of the middle margin, 
sinuous in lateral view ; surface somewhat irregularly convex, closely 
strigose, the strigee transverse in front, oblique near the base and over 
most of the disc, longitudinal near the sides ; median line fine, distinct 
near the base, interrupted about the middle; sides slightly arcuate, 
sinuate near the base, hind angles nearly rectangular, not carinate, front 
angles with a longitudinal spot of white pubescence, which diverges 
a little from the margin posteriorly and does not reach the middle of its 
length. Scutellum rough, not carinate. Elytra with the sides sinuate, 
apices separately rounded, margin serrulate posteriorly, surface granulate, 
a snow-white spot of pubescence on each side near the scutellum, which 


70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





may possibly extend at times down the dark sutural space described 
above, as this region shows evidence of scales in places ; costa obliterated. 
Body beneath almost entirely concealed by white pubescence, the ex- 
posed portions imbricate-punctate, the abdomen more finely so. ~ Last 
ventral serrate at sides. Pygidium with a projecting carina, which 
is truncate at tip. Legs sparsely pubescent. Length, 9 mm. 

The type is a female taken in October at Parker’s Well, on the 
eastern side of the Organ Mountains, New Mexico, by Theo. D. A. 
Cockerell. and bears his number, 5295. Another specimen which I 
collected during June, in the Pinal Mountains, Arizona, differs in colour, 
the head being cupreous, the elytra red-bronze with green sutural space. 
The under side of the body and the legs are also brightly bronzed, 
the pleura and margins of the ventral segments darker. In other respects 
the two correspond. 

This beetle belongs near Agri/us audax, Horn, but differs in having 
a non-carinate scutellum and by the arrangement of the pubescence. The 
claws are sharply and strongly toothed beyond the middle, the inner 
division not notably inflexed. 


A, mercurius, n. sp.—-Rather robust, olivaceous bronze ; elytra and 
thorax vittate with white pubescence. Head coarsely and confluently 
punctured, front covered with rather long white hairs, median line faint. 
Antenne passing the middle of tne thorax, serrate from the fifth joint. 
Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate, but less so than in Jd/andus, 
sinuate in front of the hind angles, which are not carinate, disc gibbous, a 
faint depression posteriorly in place of the median line, surface coarsely, 
densely punctate, forming more or less distinct concentric strigz, which 
are stronger anteriorly, margin sinuous in profile ; on each side is a large 
spot of white pubescence, beginning at the anterior angle and extending 
to behind the middle, this spot confluent above with a longitudinal stripe 
of the same colour, which extends from a point on the thoracic disc op- 
posite the apex of the gibbosity to base, where it meets the elytral vitta. 
Scutellum not carinate. Elytra not covering the sides and tip of abdomen, 
coarsely scabro-punctate, not costate, margin serrulate posteriorly, apices 
obtuse, disc of each elytron with a vitta of perfectly white pubescence ex- 
tending from base, where it is confluent with the corresponding thoracic 
stripe, to the apex. Pygidium with a fine carina, which does not project- 
Prosternal lobe well developed, with a broad, slightly indented, rounded 
emargination on front margin, prosternum densely clothed with white 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71 





hairs ; the prosternal, mesosternal and metasternal side pieces are densely 
pubescent with white, as is also the vertical portion of the ventral segments. 
there being in addition a row of four rounded spots of the same colour and 
nature on each side of the abdominal region. ‘The visible portions of the 
under surface are distinctly imbricately punctate. Claws with a rather 
broad, sharp tooth, which is not notably inflexed. Length, 6 mm. 

Allied to 4. dlandus, Horn, from which the gibbous pronotum and 
non-carinate scutellum will separate it. It rather closely approaches A. 
gibbicollis, Fall, but may be distinguished by the emarginate prosternum, 
non-carinate thoracic angles, and presumably by the ornamentation, as 
Fall makes no mention of discal thoracic vittee, nor of lateral abdominal’ 
spots inside of the vertical stripe. 

The type was taken by myself at Deming, New Mexico, August 18, 
and is apparently a male. The first and second ventrals are vaguely 
longitudinally impressed at middle. 


EuGastRA, Lec. 

In describing a species under the above generic caption, I do 
not wish to be understood as favoring the separation of Eugastra from 
Lachnosterna because of any supposed great structural differences. I am 
merely following the example of Mr. Bates, who, in the Biologia Centrali- 
Americana, expresses the opinion that on account of the unwieldy size of 
the old genus Lachnosterna, it is advisable to retain certain names 
to indicate more or less well-defined groups, which may eventually be . 
limited in some more satisfactory manner than is possible at present. 


E. epigea, 0. sp.—Subovate, obtuse behind, convex, nearly black, 
slightly shining. Clypeus barely perceptibly emarginate in front in 
the male, more distinctly so in the female, densely, deeply and coarsely 
punctured, margin reflexed ; front punctured like the clypeus, occiput less 
strongly. Thorax about one-half broader than long, widest about the 
middle, which is rather sharply rounded, almost subangulate ; margin 
coarsely serrate, sparsely fimbriate ; surface coarsely, somewhat deeply 
punctured, densely in the neighbourhood of the anterior angles, more 
sparsely and irregularly on the disc, where smooth spaces are left ; median 
line obliterated. Scutellum shorter in the female than in the male, 
subtriangular in the latter sex, a few large serial punctures along the sides. 
Elytra with basal margin a little elevated on each side of the scutellum, 
form broadly oval, surface even, not sulcate or costate, except that the 
longitudinal line on each side of the suture is well marked ; disc with 


72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 


rather large, deep, coarse punctures, which are separated by about their 
own diameters, but become finer and shallower at sides and towards the 
tip. Pygidium alutaceous, not distinctly punctured, though large, sparsely 
placed, shallow punctures are indistinctly indicated. Sterna coarsely, 
not very closely, punctate; metasternal hairs extremely short and sparse. 
Abdomen rather indistinctly and much more finely punctured. Legs 
stout, claws arcuate. Length, 12.5-14 mm. 

Male: Body winged. Antennal club shorter than the funiculus. 
Abdomen broadly, vaguely impressed at middle. Spurs of posterior 
tibize slender, curved, free; hind tarsi slender, much longer than the 
tibie. Claws not or barely perceptibly toothed. 

Female: Body apterous. Antennal club a little smaller. Abdomen 
more convex, without median impression. Posterior tibial spurs broader; 
hind tarsi shorter than in the male. All of the claws are toothed, 
the tooth being short, sharp and erect, nearer the base than the apex. 

This insect occurs occasionally, crawling on the ground, at Del Rio, 
Alpine and Marfa, Texas, during June, July and August. It belongs near 
E. cribrosa, Lec., but is distinct by numerous characters. 

OLOoGLyptTus, Lacordaire. 

It is well known that our common O/og/yptus anastomosis, Say, varies 
considerably in size and outline, as well as in the distinctness of the elytral 
coste. Besidesa considerable series of that insect from Kansas, Colorado, 
Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, I have in my cabinet another species 
which seems to be quite different from any of the Mexican forms described 
by Champion in the Biologia Centrali-Americana. It may be recognized 
by the characters noted below. 

O. Texanus, n. sp.—Blackish, covered with yellowish scales. Rather 
elongate, somewhat flattened above. Head covered with yellowish scales, 
which completely conceal the sculpture, antennz much heavier than in OQ. 
anastomosis. ‘Thorax transverse, broadest at about the middle, disc con- 
vex, bifoveate, a fine distinct median carina, which is bifurcate at base, 
lateral margin thickened, explanate, and rather widely reflexed; the 
anterior margin is deeply emarginate, the base slightly bisinuate, 
sides very strongly rounded, more suddenly so posteriorly, a strong 
constriction in front of the hind angles, which are distinctly acute 
and rather prominent; front angles acute, feebly rounded.  Elytra 
about as wide as the broadest part of the thorax, almost parallel to 
a point about one-third from the tip, thence suddenly sinuately narrowed, 


~I 
eo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





apices conjointly rounded. ‘The suture is elevated posteriorly, cost three 
in number, arranged thus: first nearly straight, parallel to the suture, 
reaching the base but abbreviated at apex; second parallel to the first, 
slightly shorter at each end; third forming an overhanging margin to 
elytron, until it reaches a point just beyond the tip of the second, when it 
curves in and becomes discal, but fades out before attaining the elytral 
apex. None of the costz are confluent at any point. Body beneath with 
large scale-bearing punctures, distant on the abdomen, but more approxi- 
mate on the thoracic segments. Legs densely scaly and comparatively 
stouter than in azastomosis. Length, 9 mm. 

This beetle can be separated from O. anastomosis at a glance, the 
thoracic characters alone being amply sufficient for its differentiation, while 
the elytra are unlike those of the former species in shape as well as in 
ornamentation. From the antenne alone, one might doubt the propriety 
of the generic reference, but the deflexed apex of the prosternum excludes 
the insect from Astrotus. The type was taken in Cameron County, Texas, 
during the month of September, by Frank b. Armstrong. 

Pyrota, Lec. 

Several years ago I received specimens of a beetle belonging to the 
above genus, which, by its antennal characters, approaches Cantharis, 
recalling in its general appearance C. d/gutatta, though, of course, not to 
a deceptive degree. After a study of the material, I concluded that the 
species was undescribed, and wrote to Dr. Geo. H. Horn, asking 
his opinion. ‘This coincided with my own, and as the insect seems 
to have been taken in some abundance, and is probably represented 
in numerous collections, I propose to name it after the State in which it 
occurs. 

P. Dakotana, vn. sp.—Elongate, head and thorax shining, elytra 
much less so, Above yellow, thorax with two small blackish discal spots, 
one on each side of the middle line ; elytra each with a narrow, nearly 
straight longitudinal blackish stripe, which does not reach the apex nor 
the base, and is somewhat more distant from the suture than from 
the lateral margin. Head yellow, sparsely, irregularly and rather coarsely 
punctured ; sides behind the eyes almost exactly parallel for a short 
distance ; hind angles broadly rounded. Antenne shorter and _ stouter 
than usual, blackish, first joint paler at base, third joint longer than the 
fourth. Palpi blackish. ‘Thorax campanulate, widest behind the middle, 
sides rounded, less so anteriorly, where they are rapidly convergent; basal 





74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





margin elevated ; disc irregularly punctate, a rather large fovea in front of 
the scutellum. Scutellum yellow. Elytra distinctly scabrous, subopaque 
to the naked eye, shining under a lens, finely sparsely pubescent ; costze 
faintly indicated. Body beneath alutaceous, very finely scabrous, the 
meso- and metathoracic regions rougher than the rest. Legs yellow, 
knees, tips of tibize and tarsi blackish. Length, 10 to r2 mm. 

Eight specimens are before me, all taken at Pierre, South Dakota, by 
the late P.C. Truman. ‘The principal variation in markings consists of a 
tendency to loss of the elytral stripe, although one strongly-developed 
specimen, with the vitta well marked, has the suture dark for the greater 
part of its length. ‘The under surface of the body is always more or less 
blackish, sometimes almost entirely so except the prothoracic region, which 
remains yellow. In one case, the anterior tibiz are blackish to base. By 
the form of the head, this insect is allied to P. imsu/ata and P. Germart, 
being close to the latter in several respects, but Dakotana has shorter and 
thicker antenne. The style of ornamentation and the opacity of the 
elytra will at once distinguish it from dz/imeata. The maxillary palpi are 
not deformed in the male, the last joint being but slightly modified. 





MY LAST REPLY TO° MAJORS CASEY. 
BY E. WASMANN, S. J., LUXEMBURG. 


In Dr. David Sharp’s “ Zoological Record, Insects,” 1ger, I find in 
the list of my publications of that year, under the title, 1449, “Ox some 
genera of Staphylinide described by Thos. L. Casey,” the following note : 
“ Casey replies to this, l.¢., pp. 312, 313.” 

As I do not receive American journals here, I tried to get the 
respective nos. of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST from one of my friends. 
Being informed now of the contents of Major Casey’s ‘‘reply,” i 
understand why he did not send it to me, although I had sent him a copy 
of my critic paper “On some genera of Staphylinide” already, Nov. 
2nd, 1gol. 

The manner in which Major Casey has treated our scientific 
controversy differs far from my own in tthe article cited above 
(CANAD. ENTOM., Sept., Ig01, p. 249-252). In an angry tone he 
reproaches me of ‘“ disingenuousness,” ‘ narrow-mindedness,” etc.; he 
even tries to misinterpret my own personal correspondence with him 
in a way quite new in scientific discussion, 


~ 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75 





The psychological connection of my cards written to Major Casey, 
from March to June, 1gor, is very simple, and I wonder why Major 
Casey did not find it out himself. The paper containing his new note on 
the genera Homeusa, Myrmobiota aud Soliusa was entitled ‘‘ Review of 
the American Corylophide, Cryptophagide, Tritomide and Dermistide, 
with other studies,” comprising 121 pages. I informed him on March 
5th of the receipt of this paper, without suspecting that it contained 
something about Homeusa and Myrmobiota. Only myrmocophilous 
genera being of special interest for me, I did not examine more closely 
Major Casey’s ample paper on Corylophide, etc.; therefore, when I 
asked Major Casey again (June rst) to send me his last paper, where he 
explained the differences of Homeusa and Myrmobiota, it was not 
necessary for him to send me a second copy of his paper on Corylophide, 
etc., but he might have simply informed me that the paper in question was 
pp. 53-55 of his study on Corylophide. Instead of falling on this 
very simple explanation of the appearing contradiction in my cards, Major 
Casey has given them a rather injurious interpretation, which I much regret 
for Major Casey’s own sake. 





ARATUS LUTEOLUS, N..SP. 
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, LEVIS, QUEBEC. 


Length, .35 inch. Head dark fawn colour, scabrous, much prolonged 
between the antenne, the prolongation suggestive of the nose of the 
moose. Eyes upon rounded elevations, black and protuberant. The 
antennary spine stout, sharp and projecting. Antenne reddish brown 
above, olivaceous beneath ; the joint next the spine distinct and square 
cut and of greater diameter than that following it. Beak black, long, 
extending between the front legs. Prothorax dark umber in colour, 
concave in front, the concavity ending on either side with a short spine. 
From the bases of these spines the sides (which are finely denticulated) 
run direct to the widest part of the prothorax; from thence they are 
rounded to the back, forming a pair of clay-yellow epaulets, which extend 
beyond the slightly-curved remainder of the back line. Down the middle 
of the prothorax are two carin@, nearly parallel, extending from back to 
front. The shield is narrow at the base, and runs back to an acute angle; 
its margins are reflexed. The costal edge of each elytron forms a double 
Curve : it is first convex and then slightly concave. The corium is broad 
at the base, narrowed beyond the shield, and rounded at the tips. It is 


~— 


76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





strongly ribbed, and is clay-yellow in colour, mottled with fulvous, and is 
darker towards the tips. The membrane is roseate brown, and has 
a yellow patch on the costa and another at the base. The legs are 
reddish brown above and olivaceous beneath, paler at the joints; the thighs 
are but slightly dilated. The abdomen is ovate, flattened, and extends 
beyond the elytra. It is of a roseate brown. On either side of it are six 
sutures marked with yellow. The anal segment ends in a pair of incurved 
lobes. The whole of the under side is lighter in colour than the upper. 
Taken at Quebec. 





A NEW ANAPHORID, AND A NOTE ON AN OLD ONE. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Lulepiste Kearfotti, n. sp. 

Gray, with a reddish ochreous tint, brighter in an obscure streak 
beyond cell and on submedian fold. <A series of black strigze along the 
costa and on fringe; a small dash beyond cell, and an oblique bar 
in submedian fold beyond middle. Hind wing blackish, fringe long, pale, 
interlined with blackish. Below, blackish, with a pale line at the base of 
the fringe. Expanse, 22 mm. 

Two males from Mr. W. D. Kearfott’s collection, ‘ Yuma Co., Ariz. 
Desert.” 

Larger than the other species of Eulepiste, and differing in the 
genitatia. Uncus a single long spine, curving downward, opposed to a 
broad, concave basal plate. Side pieces strap-shaped or slightly concave, 
curved downward, and with a distinct spine on the lower angle. 

U. S. National Museum, type No. 6734. 

Pseudanaphora mora, Grote. 

In 1895 Lord Walsingham examined Grote’s type in the British 
Museum, and thought it might be the female of P. arcanella, Clem., 
overlooking the description of the true female of this species by 
Beutenmiller (Ent. Amer. IV., 29, 1888). I have now before me ten 
females and eight males of mora from localities in .New York, 
Pennsylvania and the District of Columbia, a majority of them taken by 
Mr. F. A. Merrick, at New Brighton, Pa. (see Proc. Ent..Soc., Wash., V. 
40, 1902). There is a marked sexual dimorphism, the male being nearly 
uniformly blackish, and the female of a light ochreous ground colour. 
The species is very distinct from arcanedla. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. he 





NOTE ON CTENUCHA CRESSONANA AND VENOSA. 


BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


In Sir George Hampson’s volume on the Syntomids, Cat. Lep. 
Phalenz, Vol. I., London, 1898, Ctenucha Cressonana is referred as a 
synonym to C. vezosa, but erroneously so. Both species inhabit our 
North American territory, but C. vezosa has the wider and more southern 
range, extending probably from Arizona, through Mexico, into South 
America. I know C. Cressonana from Colorado and New Mexico only ; 
this larger form is also variable in the colours of the stripes of the wing, 
whereas C. venosa is quite constant, so far as the examples I have been 
able to examine are concerned. I give here the comparative descriptions 
of the two species : 

Ctenucha venosa, Walker. Brit. Mus. Lists Lep., II., 284 (1854). 

Smaller, averaging 38 mil. in expanse ; two terminal joints of palpi 
brownish black, basal joint orange red. Costa of primaries striped with 
yellow ochre, shading into white over apical third ; a similar stripe over 
M 1, not reaching margin. Cubitus and the fork of AZ 2 and 3 striped 
with the same shade, as well as an internal stripe over 4 2. Fringes 
white, broadly interrupted with brownish black at the middle on both 
wings. 

The material in B. Mus. is probably all C. venosa, 

Ctenucha Cressonana, Grote. Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., IL, 64 (1863). 

Larger, averaging 45 mil. in expanse. Antenne more lengthily 
pectinate ; only the terminal joint of palpi brownish black, the rest 
orange red. Costa of primaries striped with. yellow ochre, hardly paler 
towards tips. No stripe on 47 1; at most, in one specimen, a very faint 
and narrow indication. Fringes entirely white, at base showing some 
scattered black scales not medially interrupted. 

Typical form: stripes on primaries pure white ; costa ochre yellow. 

var. lutea, Grote: stripes ochre yellow ; costa orange red. 

It has been suggested to me in a letter that C. sanguinaria is a form 
ot C. Cressonana with the stripes scarlet. I have not seen this latter 
species, which appears to be a still larger form. 


78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





A NEW BUTTERFLY FROM TEXAS. 

BY G. M. DODGE, LOUISIANA, MO. 
LNisoniades Liano, vn. sp. 

Expanse about one inch. Primaries with inner two-thirds black, 
marked by a triangular brown patch near base, resting on internal margin; 
a large similarly-coloured patch at outer end of cell, touching the costa, 
and bordered by a pale-brown line, which, starting from the costa about 
one-third of the distance from the apex, curves outward opposite the 
discal cell, and runs diagonally across to about the middle of the inner 
margin, and is twinned at its lower extremity by a similar line, which 
precedes it, and extends from inner margin to just across the median vein. 

The outer third of the wing is crossed by two bluish-gray, curved 
bands, the inner being about twice the width of the other. They 
are separated by a narrow dark line. The outer band seems to be 
composed of small whitish spots, but that and the fringe are covered by 
bluish-gray scales. At the inner angle the fringe is slightly tipped with 
white. 

The posteriors are crossed by an irregularly-curved band of large 
diffuse pale spots submarginally. A short row of similar spots lies across 
the discal area, and two or three such spots appear between this last and. 
the base. The wing is thus transversely divided into three dark and 
three light spaces or bands. ‘The fringe is white, dusky at the angles, and 
with black spots on its base at the extremity of the veins. Below, the 
primaries are dark, with a single small, but conspicuous, white spot near 
apex, between the second and third subcostal nervures. <A _regularly- 
curved band of pale spots corresponds to the broad band above, 
and beyond this is a terminal row of small, somewhat indistinct, spots. 
The fringe is dark, with white at inner angle and some white spots along 
its base, extending in a row nearly to the apex. Secondaries marked as 
above, but the spots are smaller, better defined, and do not give the wing 
the banded appearance so conspicuous on the upper side. 

One example, Llano County, Texas. 





Mailed February 28th, 1903. 





she € anadlian Entomologist. 





VoL. XXXV. LONDON, APRIL, 1903. No. 4 








THE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCI- 
ATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 


(Continued from page 61.) 


Friday Evening, January 2, 1903. 

The Entomological Club of the A. A. A. S. was called together for its 
second regular session on Friday evening at 7.30 o’clock, in the Columbia 
Law School, with the President, Mr. Schwarz, in the chair, and the 
following members present: Messrs. Althouse, Barber, Bradley, Burke, 
Currie, Hines, Hopkins, Mann, Marlatt, Herbert Osborn, Osburn, 
Quaintance, Webb. The minutes of the last meeting were read and 
approved. The President called on Mr. Marlatt for some entomological 
notes, and the latter responded by giving an account of an entomological 
collecting trip on a tour of investigation made in the interior of China, 
west of Shanghai, on a house-boat, in the late autumn of 1got. 

A House-poat COLLECTING TRIP IN CHINa. 
BY C. L. MARLATT. 

Mr. President, I can give you some account of conditions in China, 
partly entomological. This is an informal meeting, with no set pro- 
gramme, and what I shall present will not necessarily relate to insects. I 
had some very interesting experiences in China, and perhaps the most 
interesting of these was a trip that I made on a house-boat into the interior 
from Shanghai. I have alluded to this trip on one or two earlier occasions 
without having gone at all into detail. The trip was an entomological 
exploration, but the entomological features were not very rich. 

The region explored in this trip is the flat country lying between the 
Yang-tse river and the Bay of Hangchow and the great interior lake, 
Ta-Hu. It included a trip up the Whang-Poo river, on which Shanghai is 
situated, to its head waters, where it is continued in the considerable canal, 
passing several Chinese cities of some importance until the Grand Canal 
is reached at Ka-Shing. From this point the Grand Canal was followed 
as far as Samen, and then a detour was made through smaller interior 
canals to Haining, a considerable tow. ‘ty and in sight of Hang- 


80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











chow. The return trip was made over substantially the same route. All 
of the territory explored lies in the upper half of the province of Che- 
Kiang. 

The Boxer troubles were all confined to three northern provinces 
about Peking. The region which I explored in this house-boat trip 
was not in the range of the Boxer difficulty, nevertheless the Chinese 
everywhere were more or less savage over the results of the foreign 
invasions—rightly so, I think—and while in the central and southern 
provinces they were not openly hostile, they were not exactly kindly dis- 
posed toward the foreigner. 

While in Japan I had made the acquaintance of some very charming 
people who reside in Shanghai, and who promised me that when I came 
to Shanghai they would give me a house-boat trip into the interior. At 
the conclusion of my investigation in North China, the opportunity came 
for this house-boat trip, but the gentleman who was to accompany me, 
Mr. Rainer, was just starting for Europe. Nevertheless, he turned his 
house-boat over to me, and a very comfortable boat it was, and stocked it 
with all sorts of provisions, and employed for me a crew of seven China- 
men, including a “ Laodah” or captain who spoke a little English, the 
balance of the crew being coolies who spoke no English at all. In com- 
pany with Mrs. Marlatt, I started out late one night from the city of 
Shanghai, my little house-boat being attached to a row of seven or eight 
Chinese boats, like a train of cars, all towed by a little steam tug. We 
were thus taken up the river and into the interior canal system. 

It may be said that much of Eastern China is a flat country, raised 
above the level of the sea only a few feet, and all this area is broken up 
by innumerable canals, which take the place of roads. The Grand Canal 
of China runs from Hangchow for hundreds of miles northward, crossing 
the great Yang-tse and Yellow rivers, until it finally reaches Peking. It is an 
enormous canal, running, so far as I know, its entire length without 
locks, on a uniform level. We cannot imagine such a condition anywhere 
else in the world except in China ; nowhere else could a canal be run for 
such a length and across the great rivers on the water level as this and 
others do in China. 

The morning after our start found us in this network of canals, 
abandoned by our campanion boats and little steam tug, and making the 
slow progress possible with a single stern oar. We passed many Chinese 
towns and villages, and finally struck the Grand Canal, which we followed 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. sl 





for a considerable distance, to leave it again for a long country detour, 
which finally brought us to the town of Haining. ‘This is just below and 
in sight of the great town of Hangchow, situated at the southern terminus 
of the Grand Canal. Some of the branch or interior canals are large and 
important, or perhaps streams widened and straightened ; others are 
narrow, and some of them mere ditches, scarcely large enough for the boat 
to go through, and with numerous stone bridges which offered serious 
obstacles to our progress. 

You can easily imagine that a trip of this sort was very interesting. 
It afforded wonderfully good opportunities to gain an acquaintance with 
the whole interior flat country of this portion of China. It was possible 
any time to leave the boat and get out and walk along the side of the 
canal. As stated, the boat was propelled, after the first night, merely by 
the single oar at the stern, ‘“eulowing” it is called, and the speed was about 
that of a slow walk, so there was plenty of opportunity to take runs across 
country, see the nature of the vegetation and the system of cultivation, to 
study the orchards and house yards, and to make collections, and this I 
was doing all the time at great risk of being bitten by Chinese dogs, 
which share their owners’ antipathy to the “ foreign white devil.” 


The portion of China explored in this way is about the equivalent in 
Jatitude with northern Florida and southern Georgia, and is the northern 
limit of the citrus region. Immediately back of Shanghai the peach is the 
important fruit crop; in fact, this is the great peach region of China. I 
examined a great many of these orchards and went into a great many 
house yards, always being threatened viciously by dogs, and stared at with 
coldness, if not savagely, by the Chinese. Very rarely did I find a China- 
man who wasat all pleasant in his demeanor, quite the opposite in this 
respect of the conditions in Japan. Collections of scale insects were made 
through this region, but they were very rare. The whole region is exces- 
sively moist and hot in summer, resulting in very general fungous attack, 
so that, with the exception of one or two species, wherever I found any 
scale insects they were simply the remains of small colonies killed by 
fungus. There was scarcely a living scale insect to be found at this season 
of the year—late October. 

The citrus fruits, which began to appear at Haining, were examined 
for scale insects, and here and at some near-by towns and villages a few 
citrus scale insects were collected. A few species also were found on the 
mulberry. The country traversed is a great silk, cotton and rice produc- 


82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ing region. Cotton is more abundantly grown immediately west of the 
city of Shanghai, and rice in the back country. The tea districts are still 
further westward in the hillcountry. Another great tea region lies back of 
Hong Kong. 

The scale insects found on the citrus trees were mostly common 
species, now cosmopolitan, such as the Parlatoria ziziphi and Pergande?, 
and the two Mytilaspis species, 17. Gloveri and M. citricola. All of these 
were very rare, usually but one or two examples being found. 

In regard to the climate of the region described, it may be said to be 
characterized by excessive moisture from the early spring to past mid- 
summer, accompanied with very high temperature during July and August, 
100° F, for several days not being uncommon. In autumn the prevailing 
conditions are bright days and dry weather, and the winter temperature 
may fall to 12° F. or lower. Scale insects, as noted, are killed out, with 
the exception of a few species, by this excessive moisture and high tem- 
perature. 

The region to the north, extending to the mountains above Peking and 
connecting with the great Gobi desert, is much drier, the rains all coming 
in the spring and early summer, and a long period of six or seven months 
following, from September to February or March, with no rain, every day 
bright, sunny and dry, except for occasional dust storms from the desert. 
In this northern region it is very cold in winter. 

The only scale insect which seems to thrive in central China, from 
Shanghai westward to the Grand Canal, is one of the Ceroplastes, probably 
Ceroplastes rubens. This species of wax scale occurs all through this 
region, and is especiaJly abundant on the holly, sometimes absolutely 
covering this plant, leaf and branch. It occurs scatteringly also on many 
other plants. Climatic conditions do not check this scale insect, which is 
kept down somewhat, however, by predaceous ladybirds, especially the 
Chilocorus similis, whicb was always with it in numbers and feeds on the 
larval scales. 

Other insect damage was very little in evidence. Not being a specialist 
in Coleoptera, I was not fitted to make collections of injurious beetles, but 
in going through the mulberry groves, peach orchards, etc., there certainly 
was no evidence of serious insect damage. In other words, I did not see 
any evidence of the work of borers in mulberry or peach. In the case of 
the mulberry the trees were wonderfully healthy, covered with an enormous 
crop of the second growth of leaves. The Chinese at the time of my trip 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 





—in October—were busily stripping the trees of these leaves, and carrying 
them away in great baskets, to be used as winter forage—all of the second 
crop of leaves being made use of in that way. 

Wherever I went there was ample evidence of the importance of the 
silk industry. In the little hamlets and farmhouses that I entered I fre- 
quently found the fittings for silkworm rearing. At this season the old 
baskets—great, flat, narrow-rimmed ones—in which the silkworms are fed 
in May and June, were being used to dry the late crop of cotton bolls. 
One frequently saw rows of these baskets in the house yards overspread 
with a small lot of bolls exposed to the sun to hasten their opening. 

The mulberry is grown in little orchards or narrow groves lining the 
banks of the canals and irrigating ditches. ‘The trees have the appearance 
of osier-willow stumps from the habit of the natives of cutting off all the 
shoots close to the stump during the feeding season, in May and June. 
These shoots are either stripped at once of their leaves, or are made up 
into bundles and taken home to be stripped afterwards. A traveller 
going through this same region in midsummer has noted that all the mul- 
berries have a wintry appearance, or resemble a coilection of dead stumps, 
but the rains which fall copiously during June and July, and the natural 
fertility of the soil, which is increased by cultivation and fertilizing immedi- 
ately after the branches are removed, soon bring out a succulent new 
growth, developing a second and enormous crop of leaves, the same, in 
fact, which were being gathered at the season of the year of my visit. The 
traveller referred to above, Mr. Fortune, says that the worms are fed in the 
numerous little farm cottages, commonly in dark rooms fitted up with 
sheives placed one above another from the ground to the roof of the house. 
The worms are kept in the big bamboo sieves or baskets already described, 
evidently exactly after the manner which I had observed in Japan. The silk 
products of this district are considered among the finest of China, and the 
output must be very considerable. Those interested in the culture of the 
silkworm from the native Chinese standpoint, should see the little transla- 
tion made by a missionary of an old Chinese work on the subject, which 
recently came into the possession of the Department of Agriculture. 

The country penetrated is practically without forest areas. The main 
cultures, as stated, are rice and cotton, with the mulberry growing in little 
orchard strips along the banks of the canals. | Usually at each farmhouse 
there would be a few trees—peach, plum, etc. The common shade trees 
are the weeping willow, occurring scatteringly along the canals, a species 


84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


of elm, and the maiden-hair tree, with occasional small clumps of bamboo, 
usually as yard plants, or in the cemeteries of the rich, where also may 
occur a few pines and the Cryptomeria japonica. ‘There is little, there- 
fore, to give a forest clothing to the country, but if one climbs any of the 
many-storied pagodas which occurred from time to time and takes a look 
over the country, the abundance of the mulberry as seen in profile and the 
few trees noted about the hamlets and cemeteries makes the country look 
fairly well forested. 

This region, as stated at the outset, had not been reached by the 
Boxer movement, and we felt perfectly safe in going about alone and with 
no knowledge of the language. We took all our provisions with us, and 
were not dependent on the Chinese for anything, except some birds or 
game which our “ Laodah ” got for us. 

This trip through the interior offered opportunities to study other 
forms of insects, especially mosquitoes. I collected at Haining some very 
interesting mosquitoes, including a rare species of Anopheles (A. Sinensis 
vanus ), as determined by Mr. Coquillett. ‘The nights were spent on the 
canal in the boat, and we were bitten a good many times by these 
Anopheles. They were very difficult fellows to catch; in other words, the 
boat was open, and they would fly out before morning, but I managed to 
get a number of specimens. Mosquitoes, however, instead of being 
abundant, as one would have supposed in an open country devoted to rice 
culture and under water much of the year, and intersected with canals, 
which are permanent waterways, were very little in evidence, and, in point 
of fact, except at Haining, we were not troubled by them at all. 


Mann: Did you find anybody who knew anything about entomology? 

Marvatt: There is in Shanghai a Mr. A. Arthur, an Englishman, 
formerly connected with the Kew Gardens, and now in charge of the 
Botanical Garden, and of all the street reservations and cemeteries, etc., 
belonging to the European portion of Shanghai. He knew a little as a 
gardener would about insects. 

Mann: No native entomologists ? 

Martatr: No native entomologists. A missionary, Dr. Barchet, 
who acts as interpreter for the American Legation, and lives near Shanghai, 
is an amateur botanist of some note, and has collected and studied the 
plants of this region for twenty-five years in connection with a German 
botanist, Dr. Faber, who is to be credited with much of our knowledge of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5d 





Chinese botany.- A good many of the plants in the Kew Gardens were 
obtained through these two men, especially Dr. Faber. Some years since, 
Dr. Faber, who was also a missionary, went into the interior of China and 
took his plants with him, and died there, and his collection is supposed to 
have been lost. Dr. Barchet has a duplicate, in part, of the Faber collec- 
tion, and I went through it, especially the Rosacez, and examined the 
wild cherry, apple, pear, Crateegus, etc., which had been collected in the 
hill country further inland than I had reached, with the hope of finding 
some insects on the herbarium specimens, and also to get some knowledge 
of these wild fruits. But of entomological workers there are none in 
Shanghai. 

Foreign collectors have done a great deal of work in China, notably 
a wealthy Englishman, the late Dr. John Henry Leech, who spent several 
years collecting Lepidoptera in China, and was for a time the owner of 
“ The Entomologist.” Much of the results is included in his ‘* Butterflies 
from China, Japan, and Corea,” a sumptuous 3-vol. work. I met, oddly 
enough, in going from Shanghai southward, a brother of Mr. Leech, who, 
however, has no special interest in entomology, but is an attaché of the 
British Legation in Rome, and was taking a vacation trip around the 
world. 

While there has been a good deal of insect collecting in China, the 
greater portion of the country is absolutely unexplored entomologicaliy. 
Very few foreigners have ever gone through the interior provinces, and 
in some of these the inhabitants are savage and unfriendly. In the vicinity 
of all the trading towns there has been some collecting, but the interior 
region is practically unexplored by scientists—that is, by collectors of 
plants or insects. Plants have been studied, and especially the horticul- 
tural sorts, more than insects, and explorers were sent out by the Horti- 
cultural Society of England early in the last century to secure new and 
rare plants for the English Gardens, and especially the Kew Gardens. A 
Mr. Fortune, already mentioned, was sent out in this way, and spent three 
years in China, between 1842 and 1845, and sent home shiploads of 
plants, including plums, peaches, mulberries, etc. His explorations were 
very limited, although reading them they seemed to cover a good deal of 
ground ; but when one comes to examine his itinerary, Fortune in his 
three years saw but little more of the country than I did, although, of course, 
much more minutely. His longest trip into the interior was practically a 
duplicate of the one I have just described, and he made a few explorations 
along the coast region as far north as Peking. 


86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





I have limited my story to the house-boat trip, and cannot take time 
to describe the horticultural and agricultural conditions of North China, 
which, in fact, I have briefly discussed elsewhere. 

QUAINTANCE: I should like to ask Mr. Marlatt if anything ig being 
done in entomology in China at all; if there are any Chinese entomolo- 
gists or collectors in China that he knows of. What is the status of the 
science in China ? 

Maruatt: I know very little about that matter from the Chinese 
side. It is very difficult to get at Chinese knowledge or practices except 
by long residence there. Undoubtedly the Chinese horticulturists do 
something for the control of various insect pests. As a rule, however, 
their interest in insects is chiefly from the standpoint of medicine, and 
most insects are considered useful in the control of disease, their 
ideas being the reverse of views now obtaining in this country, where 
insects are now known to often be the transmitters of disease. If the old 
saying be true, however, that “the hair of the dog cures the bite,” the 
Chinese have plausible grounds for their behefs that insects will cure 
disease ! 

The curious packages of May-beetle larvee with fungus growing out of 
them, illustrations of which most of you have seen, come from this region 
and the provinces of the Upper Yang-tse. This fungus, Corydyceps 
Chinensis, is much esteemed as medicine, and is described and figured in 
Voli V., Insects ife; p. 217. 

Whenever I was seen collecting insects by Chinamen, they immedi- 
ately supposed I was getting the insects for medicine ; that seemed to be 
the common idea among Chinese everywhere, and they immediately 
wanted to know what I was going to use them for, and undoubtedly I 
could have started the use of insects for any variety of purposes in the way 
of ‘cure-alls”” if I had felt so inclined. The Chinese have a large no- 
menclature of insects—that is, they have names for all the common 
species of insects—and they have treatises relating to the culture of the 
silkworm, but I have never seen any treatise relating to insects other 





than the silkworm. 

Hopkins: Mr. President, I might say in my own exploration, not of 
China, but of Chinatown, San Francisco, I was very much interested in 
the kinds of insects they used for medicine. I noted especially a very large 
pupa shell of a Cicada, quite a large bottle full of them. I think they used 
them as an antidote for rheumatism, or something of that kind. I saw 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 








them mixing up a dose for an individual who came into the drug store— 
or whatever they called the place where they had this medicine—and the 
druggist took down different bottles of all sorts of things, and spread out 
a paper on the counter and laid out a handful of one thing after another, 
until he had about half a gallon of all sorts of mixtures, which he bottled 
up, and the Chinaman put it under his arm and went off. 

SCHWARZ: Gentlemen, I suppose you are all familiar with the fact that 
the Chinese not only use insects for medicine, but they also use them as an 
article of trade. I think Mr. Mann and many of us must have seen those 
collections of insects which the Chinese have offered for sale to the Euro- 
peans who visit Hong Kong and other ports. I have seen several of these 
sets, always arranged in the same manner and including the same species. 
The insects are pinned on old English needles and arranged in an artistic 
figure in a glass-covered box, opening from beneath. 

(JUAINTANCE: Have insects any real medicinal value ? 

SCHWARZ: Well, if you believe in a thing, it will help you, certainly. 

ScHWaRZ: Hong Kong is, of course, one of the best known points 
in regard to entomology, because for many years it has been an English 
settlement. In regard to Shanghai and the country back of it, the French 
missionaries have especially taken pains to collect insects as best they 
could. 

Mar.atr: You remind me of something that I had forgotten, in your 
remarks, Mr. President, namely, that I visited this French missionary 
establishment situated back of Shanghai, where for many years a certain 
priest, I think the Rev. Hué, has studied and collected insects. I went 
out especially to see him, and had forgotten the event until you reminded 
me of it. This considerable French mission lies several miles out of 
Shanghai, and with its big buildings is a very comfortable place, and 
possesses a large museum, in which are specimens kept as we keep them 
in our museums, of all sorts of birds and animals of the country, and a 
considerable collection of insects. The collection of insects was in a 
number of boxes, but in rather bad condition, and I was informed that the 
old priest who had been responsible for the museum and its collections 
was on his deathbed. I did not see him, therefore, but I did examine his 
collection, and it showed great iudustry and enthusiasm on his part, in 
that out-of-the-way corner of the world. His collections were, however, 
in such a condition that they could not survive very long. 

(To be continued.) 


88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





LARVAL CHARACTERS OF PACHYGASTRIA TRIFOLII AND 
AGLIA TAU. 
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., 


I have postponed replying to Mr. Bacot’s communication (CAN. EN?., 
XXXV., 44-47) until I could examine his preparations. He has kindly 
sent them to me, and they seem definitely to settle the two points 
that remain at issue. The Ag/éa ¢au is in fluid, and shows a number of 
secondary sete as described by Mr. Bacot. These setz are short 
and unusually weak, so that in my own specimen, which is dried, inflated, 
they had become partly shrivelled, partly broken in transit. I do not 
think, after examining Mr. Bacot’s specimen, that they can be regarded 
otherwise than as true sete, and I am very willing to acknowledge myself 
corrected. This correction, if applied to my synoptic table of Saturnian 
genera (Tutt, Brit. Lep., III., 272), makes my divisions stronger and 
sharper than before, allying 4g2/a more strongly than ever with A/tacus 
and Saturnia. 

The Pachygastria trifolii, in stage I., was new to me, but it shows 
the normal structure exactly as I had anticipated. Tubercle v, which Mr. 
Bacot professes himself unable to find 
any trace of, ‘‘single haired or otherwise,” 
is present in the normal position below 
and before iv (see figure 1). It is small 
and single haired, but I see it distinctly 
on several segments of the best-preserved 
larva (in balsam on a slide). The general 
wart pattern corresponds with J/ada- 
cosoma, but the warts are more nearly 
equal, ii, iii and iv not being reduced ; vi 
is double, the halves well separated and 
distinct, while the secondary warts at the 
anterior margins of the segments are well 
developed. Ido not anticipate that any 
Lachneid will be found with tubercles 
iv and v united. That condition is 
uncharacteristic for the Bombycid phy- 
lum, though it obtains commonly in the 
Tineid lines. On this ground I would criticise Mr. Bacot’s citation 
of Anthrocera and Marasmarcha (CaN. Ent., XXXV., 45), which are 





Fic. 1. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 89 





Tineid genera, as analogies for the probable structure of /achygastra, 
a Bombycid genus, although the matter is not of importance, since the 
actual structure of Pachygastra has no need of interpretation by analogy. 


NOTES ON COLEOPTERA. 
BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAL. 


Two good captures in the order Coleoptera were made by the young 
collectors of Montreal last season. One was a single specimen of the 
ground beetle, Calosoma Willcoxt, Lec., by A. Denny, on the 26th of 
July, when collecting under stones and leaves on the northern slopes of 
Mount Royal. The other was a lamellicorn beetle, Odonteus obesus, 
Lec., three specimens of which were found in a large bottle full of insects 
caught by my son, Kenneth R. Stevenson, at the nearest light to his 
home, on the evening of the 30th of August. 

Through the kindness of Mr. B. Tomlin, B. A., F. E. S., Chester, 
England, I am in possession of four specimens of Cass¢da viridis, Linn., 
caught by him near Cardiff, Glamorganshire, and I can find no difference 
between them and specimens of the Tortoise beetle caught at Levis, Que., 
last season and identified by Rev. Dr. T. W. Fyles as such. 





ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH OF THE OTTAWA FIELD 
NATURALISTS’ CLUB. 


The members of this section of the Club are endeavoring to create a 
more active interest in the study of entomology by holding fortnightly 
meetings, at the residences of the members, for the exhibition of 
specimens, discussion thereon, and the presentation of brief papers. The 
movement has so far proved most satisfactory, and the benefit of it has 
been felt by every individual, in reviving and quickening their love for the 
subject, and in affording opportunity for solving of problems which every 
collector meets with in examining insects which he has not specially 
studied. Three meetings have already been held; the first at the 
residence of Dr. Fletcher, who was the principal mover in organizing the 
meetings ; the second at Mr. Harrington’s, and the third at Mr. Hulkett’s. 
They were all most enjoyable and instructive, and the two hours allotted 
to each were fully occupied, and the discussions and exhibits will undoubt- 
edly bear fruit in improved work in future by the members. They also 
look forward to more systematic collecting in the approaching season, and 


to the holding of more frequent sub-excursions. 
W. H. H. (Secretary). 


90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





LEPIDOSAPHES versus MYTILASPIS. 
BY MRS. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 


The genus Lepzdosaphes was established by Dr. Shimer, in the 
Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Vol. IL, p. 372, 
Jan., 1868, with one species (conchiformis =ulmi, Linn., 1758). 
Although the generic description is not all that could be desired, 
it is certainly more satisfactory than the descriptions of many genera of 
insects in this and other orders which have been accepted without 
question. 

The generic name J7yfi/aspis was first published, without a word of 
description, by Signoret, in his Catalogue of the Coccidz in the Annales 
de la Societe Entomologique de France (4), Vol. VIII., p. 841 (1868). 
This paper was presented to the Society at the Seance of March 25th, 
but was not published till later in the year. A description of this genus 
was given by Signoret in the above-named work for 1870, page 91. This 
article was presented to the Society at the same time as the catalogue. 

The genus JZytc/asfzs was evidently first proposed by Targioni- 
Tozzetti, in his Coccidarum Catalogus, which was published in the 
Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Vol. XI., the title page of 
which bears the date of 1868, but the volume was published in four parts, 
and the paper covers of these parts bear the following dates: Part I., 
June, 1868; Part II., October, 1868; Part III., February, 1869; Part 
IV., April, 1869. Targioni’s Introduzione alla seconda Memoria per gli 
studj sulle Cocciniglie and his Coccidarum Catalogus were both published 
in the third part of this work, and these papers should therefore date from 
1869 rather than from 1868, the date: usually given them. 

In his Cocciniglie degli Agrumi in Italia, p. 22 (1891), Targioni gives 
the characters of JAZyti/aspis, and refers to his Studi sulle Cocciniglie 
(1867) and also to the above-named works. The name J/ytclaspis, 
however, does not occur in his Studi, and therefore was not published by 
Targioni earlier than February, 1869. 

Signoret speaks of having received Targioni’s Catalogue in Ann. Soc. 
Ent. Fr. (4), Vol. IX., p. 113 (1869), but as it was not published at that 
time, we must conclude that he received a manuscript copy. 

Under the circumstances it seems proper to use the generic name 
Lepidosaphes as Kirkaldy has done in his late paper on the Coccid in 
Fauna Hawaiiensis, although, of course, we are sorry to give up the 
familiar name ALptzlaspis. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 





NEW HISTORIES IN PAPAIPEMA (HYDRCCIA). 
BY HENRY BIRD, RVE, N. Y. 
(Continued from Vol. XXXTIV., p. 118.) 

There are certain species here and there among our moths which are 
possessed of a sort of will-o’-the-wisp evasiveness, and one would as soon 
think of encountering them in nature as of finding the mythical pot of gold 
at the rainbow’s end. The causes that bring about such conditions are, of 
course, varied, and these species often stand represented by some unique 
type ina distant collection. That the British Museum has long taken first 
rank in sheltering many of these uniques goes without saying, hence the 
matter of a rediscovery becomes of more than ordinary moment. Further, 
an additional satisfaction arises, if at a second meeting with the recluse 
the early history is exposed as well, and we find the way open to a more 
extended acquaintance, the while getting an insight into the specific 
standing, had that ever been questioned. So, in the rediscovery of that 
captivating Noctuid, Papaipema ( Hydrecia) appassionata, one of our 
most elusive moths has again come to light, and we have the added 
pleasure of perusing an interesting larval history. The species was 
described by Harvey years ago, coming from London, Ontario, and his 
single type in the British Museum has stood perhaps as the only 
positive representative. ‘That it should come to light again at so distant 
a point, seems a little surprising, though other of its congeners are equally 
dispersed, and the insight into its life habit aids in the explanation. The 
food-plant, Sarracenia, though widely distributed, is native to such 
districts, and flourishes under such wild conditions that these moths, 
whose career runs through but a few days’ duration, would be scarcely 
met with, and we may easily conceive of the rarity of the imago. 

That the larva should have been encountered, stood more in the line 
of probabilities, since the quaint little pitcher plant has ever been a sub- 
ject of interest to naturalists, and of late years especially has been 
receiving the attention of many entomologists. Already the plant has 
furnished details among Noctuid life-histories, those pleasing little Zxyria 
larvee having had their habits chronicled by Thaxter and Riley, while the 
current enthusiasm concerning mosquitoes and their developments has 
brought out the fact of a species whose young seem to be propagated in 

_the waters of the pitchers exclusively. With such an amount of expert 


scrutiny directed to Sarracenia, we might have expected afpassionata to 
have been met before, and this very fact augurs to the restricted and 
localized range that colonies of the species inhabit. 


992 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





To Mr. Louis H. Joutel, the artist-naturalist, we are indebted for the 
important disclosure, some unknown /afaifema larvee found by him in 
the pine barrens of New Jersey ultimately proving this very desirable 
species. The discovery happened at an early stage, and when later 
it became assured that we were dealing with an unknown larva, a 
subsequent visit to the locality extended our acquaintance to a small 
but thriving colony. 


A first visit to the pine barrens is fraught with many surprises, the 
extremely distinct flora and fauna of such a district being a never-failing 
source of enjoyment. One looks in vain for the usual thick-stemmed 
weeds in which our boring friends are wont to occur, but the soil 
conditions debar such a growth; in fact, one looking for them alone 
would soon give up in despair. The herbaceous plant life runs to all 
sorts of odd creations, with orchids and sundews and a host of bright 
flowering plants in a variety of forms that bring joy to the heart of the 
botanist. Strange noises are in the air, as large, unfamiliar Hymenoptera 
buzz past. Even the Cicada’s note sounds queer, and the long-drawn, 
monotonous bur-r-r-r proves to be produced by an unfamiliar form. 
Only the mosquitoes, the untold hosts of mosquitoes, are thoroughly 
familiar, and even here very likely many distinctive species exist, though 
the ordinary mortal is more intent on the virtues of some repellant, rather 
than on the variety of species that may be feasting upon the exposed 
portions of his anatomy. So it is not strange, after all, that such a locality 
should produce some unlooked-for novelty. 


When coming to hand the young larve were apparently past second 
moult, the first pair of abdominal legs being still aborted, so that a 
slightly-looping position occurs when moving. It still on occasion would 
spin a silken thread when sliding from an insecure footing or upon a 
sufficient apprehension of a fall. Appearance is very similiar to 
purpurifascia, and there exists a way of working that strongly recalls this 
species. ‘There appeared only one difference: with purpurifascia the 
dorsal line is continuous, with our friend of the pitchers it is suppressed 
on joints four to eight. In the succeeding stage developments bespeak a 
greater individuality. We have the typical Papaipema larva, of exceed- 
ingly cylindrical build, the longitudinal stripes queerly broken at its 
middle. The colour is a good shade of sienna, somewhat livid, the dorsal 
and subdorsal lines pure white. The tubercles, thoracic and anal plates 
are all very pronounced and follow the usual positions. On joint ten 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9: 





there is no development of the plate IVa, at the upper corner of 
the spiracle, as occurs with some other species. In the penultimate stage, 
conditions are similar, the salient features of comparative value being the 
absence of a continuous dorsal line and of [Va on joint ten. It is by 
these points separable from purpurifascia, which it so closely personifies 
at first glance. The large dorsal plates preceding the anal one are well 
divided by the dorsal line; in some other species these plates become 
confluent. At maturity the length is 39 mm.; head nearly 2 mm. wide. 
The colour does not fade to translucence entirely, but retains a distinct 
sienna shading. Pupation occurs about the first week in August. The 
chrysalis offers no distinguishing point. Being formed outside the burrow, 
there is not the extreme cylindrical shape caused by a narrow aperture. 
It is of a paler colour than usual, of slender proportions, very active, and 
measures 20-22 mm. The species seems rather a small one, though, 
given a larger food-plant, we might expect better developments. 
Sarracenia is an odd plant to have been selected by a boring larva of the 
size of the species under consideration. There being scarcely any stalk, 
the larva must needs use the root, and here the supply is rarely enough in 
one plant for attaining maturity. Workings do not extend to the pitchers 
in any way, for though one young larva was observed to enter the plant by 
the pitcher’s tube, it is not likely this is the usual channel, since they so 
often contain more or less water. The little Hxyréa larve can easily 
mount the pitcher’s side and keep above any water as occasion requires. 
Indeed, it seems surprising that some insects are immune to_ these 
dangers, where so many others have fallen. The remains of quantities of. 
entrapped insects are to be found in the pitcher’s neck, being consumed 
by the acids there secreted. Here is sure to flourish the slug-like maggot 
of the Sarcophaga fly. A little further up an Zxyrza may have its abode. 
Down in the root afpassionata may be seeking the seclusion which has 
stood it in such good stead for so long. An anomaly is surely presented : 
this insectivorous plant now harmless and furnishing food for those insects 
that have grown wise in their own and succeeding generations. 

Though not having personally viewed Harvey's type, the determina- 
tion of the Sarracenia species is due ina measure to courtesies extended. 
While the application of the description may be entirely satisfactory, and 
the aid of coloured drawings has appeared to settle any reasonable doubts, 
we must still bear in mind that species run very close in this genus at 
times, and a single example, as in the case of this particular type, does not 


O4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








always convey all that the species really personifies. The pattern of 
Papatpema in a rather extended group of species is often so similar that a 
verbal differentiation is sometimes difficult, yet appasszonata stands by 
itself in some details. The solid red terminal space, the bright yellow 
lower median field, and the large white spots in an apparently restricted 
median space, both in type and would-be duplicate, are a combination of 
features not occurring elsewhere in the same contrast, and offer a rather 
striking individuality when seen in the originals. Then, too, there is a 
Western form as yet awaiting a better familiarity, which it is expected will 
better cement the species. That larval developments upon a proper 
acquaintance offer such an aid in this genus is one of its satisfactory 
features, and with the widely-increasing interest that is at present 
developing, we may soon be assured of settling any doubtful questions. 





tHE TOMB OF. THOMAS, SAY, 
BY F. M. WEBSTER, URBANA, ILL. 


Entomologists in general, and Americans in particular, are much 
interested in all that pertains to one who has justly become known as the 
father of American entomology. 

As is generally known, the tomb containing the remains of this 
famous naturalist is on the grounds of the old Maclure home, in the city 
of New Harmony, Indiana.* ‘This has recently changed owners, and the 
old house in which Say died has been remodelled, the older portion having 
been torn down. This was made necessary by the crumbling of the walls, 
but the new owner, Mr. John Corbin, has only allowed this to be done 
where it became absolutely necessary. Fortunately, Mr. Corbin fully 
appreciates and reveres the historic old structure, and, as he stated 
recently to me, “‘has desecrated it just as little as possible.” 

In reply to my question as to his intentions relative to the tomb, Mr. 
Corbin assured me that so long as he lived and possessed the premises it 
should remain untouched, and the tone in which he spoke left no doubt as 
to his sincerity. The ground is in the centre of the city, and hence 
valuable, but Mr. Corbin will keep his word, as I am fully convinced, and 
it will be long years before any change is likely to occur that will affect 
the last resting place of the dead naturalist. 





*See Entomological News, Vol. VI., Nos. 1-4, 1895. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 


CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC, WASPS, OR. THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 





BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, 
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 13.—Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 44.) 


Famity XL.—Thynnide. 





This family, although quite distinct, is closely allied to the two which 
follow—the A/yrmoside and the Alutil/ide—and it will probably be 
difficult for the student to separate at once the wingless females from some 
in the families mentioned. Some authorities, having been unable to find 
good characters to separate these wasps, have classified all together as a 
single large family under the name J/wti//ide ; but I think incorrectly so. 

The middle cox are not contiguous, as in the MWuti//ide and Myr- 
moside, being separated, usually, by a triangular or bilobed projection of 
the mesosternum, while the thorax in the females is also quite distinct, 
being divided into three parts ; in the A/yrmosid@ the thorax is divided 
into ¢wo parts only, while in the A/ati//ide it is undivided, the pro-, meso- 
and meta-thorax being closely united, qw7thout distinct dividing sutures. 

The males in the three families, to a certain extent, closely resemble 
one another, and are not so easily separated, although each family has a 
distinct Aaditus peculiarly its own, which one easily recognizes with prac- 
tice, the shape of the head, the thorax and the abdomen being slightly 
different ; the genitalia armature, however, with but few exceptions, is 
quite different in the three families. 

Many genera have been proposed for these wasps, the majority of 
which I consider good, although Dr. von Dalla Torre, in his Catalogus 
Hymenopterorum, has placed most of them under the genus Zhynnus, 
Fabr., causing much confusion. This arrangement throws a great many 
with the same specific name together, and for these he has proposed new 
specific names, which still further complicates matters, burdens our litera- 
ture with names that will not hold, but which must be quoted, and making 
it exceedingly difficult to keep track of. 

I find the date of Guérin’s Paper on this group, published in 
Duprerry’s Voyage de la Coquille, is given as 1830, whereas, although the 
title page is so dated, it did not appear until 1839 ; it also makes certain 
changes in synonymy necessary. 


96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The family is very large and widely distributed, but is more exten- 
sively represented in South America, in Australia and Africa than 
‘elsewhere, Europe and North America having only a few representatives. 

The study of the genera and species is most difficult on account of the 
great dissimilarity of the sexes, the slowness with which material comes in, 
and the absence of good collectors to take the sexes ¢z coitu, so that the 
sexes can be correctly correlated and the genera more thoroughly 
elaborated. 

I have divided the family into three subfamilies, which may be 
recognized by the characters employed in the following table : 


Table of Subfamiltes. 
EMA eSte aye yyabe dey Na rete ee a nese At eee teits SRR SRD leets os Or cad Sete 
Malésew tia cas: eRe oh oS co th Sera RI Det ioe TaN hal oi tan as cateey 
ies Body rather enone not (elanate thorax above convex, the metathorax 
very short, obliquely truncate eS h transversely compressed or 


sublamellar, more rarely long.......... oaleige 
Body elongate and slender; thorax Aieye more or Hises feaened: rarely 
convex. 


Metathorax never very short, nor transversely compressed ; 
abdomen smooth, the second dorsal segment zezthout transverse 
folds or carine, the pygidium and hypopygium normal..... 2. 

Metathorax very short, obliquely truncate posteriorly, from the 
base or very near the base, transversely compressed or sub- 
lamellar; abdomen not smooth, variously sculptured, the second 
dorsal segment more or less punctured, or rugulose, and usually 
with two or more transverse folds or carinz, sometimes many ; 
pygidium and hypopygium abnormal, variously 


modified) .¢ Jk tet oss See eee Subfamily a, /Dhiyaning: 
2. Head transverse, much wider than long, the eyes large, the ocelli 
distinct. aN ca iv. thames subfamily IL, Methocina; 


Head lave abiaae: qunitate or nearly, more rarely subrotund or 
obtrapezoidal, the eyes not large, the ocelli usually 

WantiIngw.. 2.10. .54.6 atven. +. eee oubiamily TEE “Rhapieasterine:. 

3. Metathorax short, usually obliquely truncate from its base ; abdomen 

not wholly smooth, the second dorsal segment punctate or rugulose, 

and usually wz¢A two or more transverse folds or carinz, the pygidium 

and hypopygium abnormal, variously modified, the latter usually 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97 





dilated into a broad margin at apex, or trumpet-shaped, the former 

often striate or coarsely sculptured .......Subfamily I., Thynnine. 
Metathorax not very short; abdomen smooth, the second dorsal 

segment zvzthout transverse folds or carine, the pygidium and hypo- 

pygium normal, not modified in any 

Way tne Ob Cees pee SCL? .. Subfamily III., Rhagigasterinz. 


4. Hypopygium av ied with one or more spines or teeth or trilobed. .. 5. 
Hypopygium wsarmed, at apex truncate or rounded.. WO 

5. Thorax elongate ; front wings zz7¢f radial and cubital cells. eG 
Thorax rounded; front wings wzthowt radial and cubital cells......9. 

6. First transverse cubitus distinct, w7#i an appendage. . i ST 
First transverse cubitus wanting, or if present, wtiowt an appendage..8 

Fee Mandibles bidentate )o.20. 2a. o. odee ayes Subfamily, ce; Thynmimees 
Mandibles tridentate ..............Subfamily III., Rhagigasterine. 

8. Hypopygium produced at apex into a long aculeus which curves 
Wp Wards o)a.4. Wes Pe Boer ata .. Subfamily II., Methocine. 
Hypopygium armed with a igag Acute ance curves upwards, but 
that originates defore the apex..... Subfamily III., Rhagigasterine. 

¢.) Mandiblesbidendate).. 2.25.40. J2.2... .aSubfamily 2, Phynnine: 
Mandibles tridentate ..............Subfamily III., Rhagigasterine. 


Subfamily I.—Thynnine. 

The males in this group show a wonderful difference in the structure 
of the mouth-parts and in their genitalia, which, in time, will enable 
the group to be divided into four or more tribes, namely, Zhynnini, 
Myrmecodini, Scotaenini, Amblysomini, etc. ; but this had better not be 
done until more of the forms, in:both sexes, are known. 

Table of Genera. 
Males. mia? ara See SON ho, of 0 Wo" ee EAN Nees ow MEME MANNS.) Sh em epee ey a Ee 
Females: PMI as Be Ped : WEN ta anaes Da PEe is 2); 
lie EreRepHaaita ar nae eadinent ina at taneulee taoth or spine, or 
tridentate or trilobed ; sometimes 5-dentate, a small tooth on each 
side at base in addition to the apical teeth ; sometimes oblong, 
narrowed, tridentate, or milobedsaapern snc... weed in< 72> 

Hypopygium wnzarmed, truncate or rounded at apex............20. 

2. Hypopygium at least tridentate or trilobed, sometimes 5-dentate. . . 3 
Hypopygium ending in a large triangular tooth or single spine, rarely 
with indications of a lobe at the basal angles of same, the lateral 
Marpins sometimes arcuate or rounded .= <)..).< 551+ nes a. 4 bk, 


98 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





ioe) 





Hypopygitiin s2dentate, ior trilobed! 2). ee ee Sond ee. 2. 1G: 

Hypopygium 5-dentate, or with 5 spines. 
Clypeus produced and anteriorly truncate or subarcuate, wth a 
short, stout tooth or elevation at the basal lateral angles, near 


the base of the eyes. » hae, ee 
Clypeus anteriorly not nok rgeltced: sduaded; nites a eoth 
at the basal lateral angles. . CRE Se ; ; Pas. 


Abdomen fusiform or ovate, not ee than the Head oid Hiotax 
united, the segments constricted at the sutures ; segments 2-3, or 
more, with yellow or yellowish-white spots ; first ventral segment 
with a triangular tooth or elevation near the middle, the sixth zh 
a tooth at the apical angle ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed ; labial palpi 
4jointedsis(Australia) 0.2. 62 dss Bee Pyonus, Fabricias: 

(Type T. dentatus, Fabr.) 

Abdomen longer than the head and thorax united, the sides nearly 
parallel, the segments more or Jess constricted at the sutures, black, 
immaculate, the first and sixth ventral segments normal, unarmed ; 
maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the joints short; labial palpi 4-jointed. 
(Australia\en ci. 0c. pa Ne osc bee) ingiidea A shim... cen. nev. 

(Type Thynnus fumipennis, Westw.) 

Metathorax with a median tooth at apex ; abdomen longer than the 
head and thorax united, cylindrical, the sides parallel, the segments 
constricted at apex, immaculate; maxillary and labial palpi both 
4-jointed., (Australia) .:?... <s,. eve serene) «4 LSWatoides; Ashmead. 

(Type I. Koebelei, Ashm.) 

Marginal cell at apex pointed or slightly rounded, but zever truncate; 
second cubital cell not triangular... : : 

Marginal cell at apex truncate ; second pabital pel ‘aaneular: 

Clypeus with a median NE anteriorly ; maxillary and 
labial palpi both 3-jointed. (India) ......Iswara, Westwood. 
(Type I. luteus, Westw.) 


ge 


. Hypopygium not narrow, in outline triangular, 3-dentate, the middle 


tooth large, triangular, projecting far eon: the lateral teeth, which 
are usually small . sete tse ; a en Saintes 6 Os 
Hypopygium quite ferendy shatea® narrower aa aiiong: as wide 
or nearly at apex as at base, the sides parallel or nearly, the apex 
usually briefly tridentate or trilobed, the teeth or lobes equal or 


nearly, the middle tooth very rarely much longer than the lateral 
REGU coe soos ee Ne oetate wee Aa, ole Shc tate Cie tnnemeniaceigt ie nts_s) san wena 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 





8. Clypeus produced anteriorly and entirely covering the labrum, or the 

latter only slightly visible .. ches B.S ab AG “ale PeRMMG a, gece ara Qs 

Clypeus not so produced, the disk thickened, convex, the labrum 
usually large and distinctly visible, rarely partly concealed. 

Head with a prominence above the insertion of the antennee and 
connected with the clypeus by a carina ; antenne of moderate 
length ; fifth ventral segment z7¢/ a tooth at each apical angle; 
pygidium subtriangular, broader at base than long, and longi- 
tudinally striated; maxillary palpi 6-jointed; labial palpi 
4-jointed. (Australia)...... Zaspilothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 

(Type Thynnus Leachiellus, Westw.) 

Head anteriorly with two prominences, beneath which are in- 
serted the antenna; antenne very long; fifth ventral segment 
without a tooth at the apical angles. 

MAStRAMNG As iacco rt il. dhih to tell Sabet achynombyia, Guerin: 
(lype Agriomyia spinole, Guér.) 
9. Clypeus trapezoidal, truncate anteriorly. 

Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the middie joints the longest ; labial 
palpi 4-jointed, the first joint the shortest, w7thout a tuft of 
hairs at apex, joints 2-4 longer, nearly equal in 
length. ~“(Australia) 9) $25.2... 25). e. sd bynoides, Guerin. 

(Type T. fulvipes, Guér.) 

Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the three last joints very long, much 
longer and slenderer than the basal joints; labial palpi 
4-jointed, the first very long, nearly as long as joints 2—4 united, 
with a tuft of very long hairs at 
apex. » (Atustralia)i.3 6. Bole." Pseudaelurus, Ashm., gen. nov. 

(Type Aelurus abdominalis, Guérin.) 

10. Clypeus anteriorly truncate or very slightly arcuate, never emarginate; 
pygidium neither carinate at sides nor truncate at apex........ ET: 
Clypeus anteriorly broadly, shallowly semicircularly emarginate, con- 
cave or exciseG ; pygidium squarely truncate at apex and usually 
Carinate at sides, the apical lateral angles acute..............15. 

11. Pygidium at apex rounded, zw7thout a median incision or emargina- 
BO MGI he? celts RISING Mane eerie torciart cinta) eke = witerelels «vs BaD 
Pygidium at apex rounded, but wt a median incision or emargination. 

Abdomen fusiform, maculate; hypopygium with the sides strongly 
rounded or arcuate, and ending in a rather long spine, which is 


100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





more than three times as long as thick at base; maxillary 
palpi 6-jointed ; labial palpi 4-jointed. 

(Australia)! acid fe ot ahcee © tie tie GaloGhellusmGucrin: 
(Type C. Kiugii, Guér.) 
2. Clypeus produced anteriorly, trapezoidal, the front margin squarely 
truncate and overlapping the mandibles, the labrum invisible ; 
abdomen not smooth, more or less punctate........ Pe ee 
Clypeus very similar but not so much produced anieuonly: thee man- 
dibles wholly exposed, the labrum more or less visible ; abdomen 

smooth, shining, or at most with fine, microscopic lines. 

Labrum narrowly transverse or arcuate, not bilobed; hypo- 
pygium ending in an acute spine, the lateral margins slightly 
arcuate, the basal angles with usually a slight lobe, but not 
acute enough to be considered a tooth ; mandibles bidentate, 
the outer tooth the longer and larger; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, 
the three last joints much slenderer than the preceding joints, 
the last joint not longer than the penultimate ; labial palpi 
AVOIMPEd e265 ee oie Ve ee meeodes,; Latreille; 

(Type Tiphia pedestris, Fabr.) 

Labrum bilobed ; hypopygium ending in a spine which curves 

slightly upwards, the lateral margins almost straight. 
Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the last joint longer than the pe- 
nultimate ; labial palpi 4-jointed. 
(Australia) 3.7. .....+.«.-Guérinius, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Thynnus flavilabris, Guér.) 
13. First ventral segment warmed... Ra Ni)s 221% lig BEL ee LAG 
First ventral segment armed siti a ’ probfient midian tooth. 

Head more than twice as wide as thick antero-posteriorly ; 
abdomen maculate ; maxillary palpi 
6-jainted *. £441. Ace de Ges. Cee See eeOM Ya, Guermn 

(Type A. maculata, Guérin.) 
14. Abdomen ovate, maculate, the hypopygium oval, ending in a short 
spine ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the three last joints longer than 
the first three ; labial in 4- se as the joints 
BIOUE, |, eeeRnN ctyet cies in, oso . Cephalothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov, 
eal ie Thynnus odyneroides, Westw. ) 
Abdomen fusiform, longer than the head and thorax united, the hypo- 
pygium triangularly pointed, the sides only slightly arcuate ; 


Ey, 


18. 


IQ. 


20. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 





maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the second and the last joint longer than 

joints 3-5 ; labial palpi 4-jointed, 

SHORES 722 aii 3 ficca ates sid 2 tease meee Hemithynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Thynnus hyalinatus, Westw.) 


. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, long, the joints, except the first, which 1s 


very short, long, subequal, the last joint the slenderest and a little 

the longest ; labial palpi 5-jointed. (South 

Ame niea) pinta. et cosa. ara y Ftt data ..Elaphroptera, Guérin. 
(Type Mprinesades dimidiatus, Hal. 


. Hypopygium ending in three small, equal or nearly equal, triangular 


teeth, rarely with the middle tooth much longer than the lateral, or 
SOIC CH spats fie tye cakes ; Cae 5 HOR REET 
Heneoysik ending in thiiee sitiall, sitet: rotindted lobes! da eng 


Clypeus subproduced and Gaur emarginate, excised or 
Bidenmtatecs.. 07 os ; See Rp 3 arn Cr 

Clypeus produced, tapeveldels ess anterior margin truncate, never 
emarginate or excised. 

Abdomen elongate, subcylindrical, smooth, shining, spotted with 
yellow, much longer than the head and thorax united ; first 
joint of flagellum only about half the length of the second ; 
hypopygium at apex 3-spined, the middle spine the 
longest. (Australia)...:....Aeolothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 

(Type A. multiguttatus, Ashm.) 


Abdomen oblong-oval or fusiform, longer than the head and thorax 

united, the segments banded or maculate with white or 
yellow. (South America)....Pseudelaphroptera, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Elaphroptera Spinolz, Sauss.) 


Clypeus broadly, semicircularly emarginate anteriorly, leaving a deep 
concave space ; metathorax with two deep impressions or short 
furrows at apex; maxillary palpi long, 5-jointed, the first joint 
short ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed; abdomen elongate, narrowed 
towards base, shining, but Beene shagreened. 

(South America).................Pycnothynnus, Ashm., g. nov. 
“(Lype Elaphroptera atra, Gueér. 

Third cubital ail along the cubitus, shorter than the second or no 
longer mete Rls Seppe eel 

Third cubital cell sidings ieew oh ie eaceindh Meets. a 22 


102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





21. Clypeus subproduced, with a slight median sinus or incision anteriorly, 
the labrum well developed ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed ; labial palpi 
4-jointed. . (Australia)...................-Anthobosea, Guérin. 

(Type A. Australasiz, Guér, 

22. Mandibles narrower, curved, the teeth acute ; abdomen oblong, fusi- 
form or subcylindrical, as long or longer than the head and thorax 
united | .foG seo IS i ae ieee tiene ae eee as 

Mandibles broad, the apical tooth large, obtuse, the inner tooth with 
a long cutting face ; abdomen oval, hardly as long as the thorax or 
no longer. 

Head about twice as wide as thick antero-posteriorly, not wider 
than the thorax; pronotum short, transverse ; mesonotum 
fully as wide as long, with two furrows ; metathorax short, 
rounded Jbehind <... 20. 2.c5..¢.4 ase 2<mblysoma, Westw, 

(Type A. Latreillei, Westw.) 


23. First transverse cubitus wth an appendage.................+,. 24. 
First transverse cubitus without an appendage. 
Abdomen long, cylindrical, the first segment much longer than 
wide at apex, petioliform. (South 
AMEHES) J. cer cee ol. + oes ClplaMus;. Ashm , gen: nov. 
(Type Thynnus haematodes, Klug.) 


24. Clypeus produced and anteriorly broadly truncate, trapezoidal... . 25. 
Clypeus anteriorly not broadly truncate, slightly rounded, subemar- 
ginate, deeply triangularly emarginate, or bidentate.......... 26. 


25. Clypeus wth a median carina; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, slender ; 
labial palpi 4-jointed ; abdomen raculate or fasciate with 

yellows a(Australia) 2.2, i'd t... wontons, >. - Lele Doria, Saussure, 

| (igne Thymtute carinatus, Smith.) 


Clypeus wéthout a median carina; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, not 
slender ; labial palpi 4-jointed ; abdomen with white spots, the 
hypopygium near the tip with a pointed and a clavate appendage 
of hairs.....................-Psammothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 

(Type Thynnus depressus, Westw.) 
26. Hypopygium of prominently projecting, always obtuse or truncate at 
apex sas; - AR Bes os (eck: ot hae Roa dank eed ct hace) ot oth Rs 

Hypopygium lle plaewen: narrowly rounded at apex, and 
prominently projecting beyond the tip of the abdomen, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 103 








Clypeus anteriorly subtriangularly emarginate or tridentate ; 
maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the first joint short, the following 
joints longer, subequal ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the first joint 
shorter than the znd and 3rd united; abdomen spotted. 
(South America) ............Spilothynnus, Ashm., gen. nov. 

(Type Thynnus laetus, Klug.) 
27. Clypeus anteriorly aa ENE aS deeply emarginate or 
fridemtater see: = el serene la he ‘cice atten ane OVE OS 
Clypeus anteriorly handed, not emarginate. 

Abdomen fusiform, a little longer than the head and thorax 
united, maculate or fasciate ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the 
last three joints much longer than the first three, or twice as 
long; labial palpi 4-jointed, joints 1 and 4 longer and slenderer 
than 2 and 3, which are short, stout. (South 
AMEN GR S27. 0k gaieteet tele leche ye AnOdOnty ras, Westwoods) 

(Type A. tricolor, Westw.) 
25. Clypeus anteriorly subemarginate; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, joints 1-3 
rather short, joints 4-6 long, subequal, five or six times longer than 
thick ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the first joint Jong and slender, about 

as long as 2—4 united ; abdomen fasciate. (South America.) 
Clypeus anteriorly bidentate ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the joints 
obconical, unequal, the first four short, the third and fourth much 
longer than the second. (South America)... ..Ornepetes, Guérin. 
(Type O. nigriceps, Guér.) 
29. Pygidium not very narrow, oblong, rounded at apex, usually shagreened, 
punctate, rugulose or striate; if smooth, which is rare, it is curiously 
modified, compressed towards base and broadened into an elevation 
posteriorly ; basal segment of abdomen wzthout a strongly curved 
furrow on each side or a strong transverse furrow before the apex..3o. 
Pygidium very narrow, smooth and shining; basal abdominal segment 
with a strongly curved furrow on each side, or a deep, transverse 

furrow before apex. 

Basal abdominal segment with a strongly curved furrow on each 
side ; second segment with about three transverse folds or 
carinee ; pygidium with two pencils of long golden hairs that 
curve and meet above the narrow elevation on 
its disk. ise speed ae .. Thynnus, Fabricius. 

Basal abdoitinal depauent aan a strong transverse furrow just 
before apex ; second segment with three transverse folds or 


104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





carin ; pygidium long, lanceolate, broadest at apex, without 
the two pencils of golden hairs...........Thynnidea, Ashm. 


30. Head seen from above of triangular, usually transverse, subquadrate 
OMOEA PE ZOUGAL Sao. LA aces emape te ol ohana teks see- Meany Ae amie ee 5K 
Head seen from above triangular. 

Eyes small, oval, extending to base of mandibles ; clypeus very 
short, truncate ; mandibles falcate, pointed at apex ; maxillary 
palpi 4-jointed ; labial palpi 3-jointed; second segment of 
abdomen with two transverse folds or carina towards 
APE cco aehuc ene wees ages 6 nes ae eee SWATOLUSSy Sn meal: 


31. Pronotum zof quadrate, obtrapezoidal, or wider in front than behind.. 33 
Pronotum quadrate, usually, however, a little wider than long, but not 
wider in front than behind. 

Head not or scarcely wider than the thorax, the latter not 
ESPEGIAMLY MALLOW 65s). cong wale Seton ee eRe Ea Ts eS Be 

Head much wider co the eS a Lilet ee very narrow, 
with the sides parallel ; dorsal abdominal segments 1 and 2 
strongly transversely furrowed ; pygidium oval or nearly and 
longitudinally striate.................-Catocheilus, Guérin. 


32. Clypeus slightly produced, truncate anteriorly, the labrum visible as 
a narrow transverse line, ciliate; mandibles narrow, acute at apex ; 
maxilary palpi 6-jointed, not short ; labial palpi 4-jointed. 
(fiustraliciy. <<... +.s!./40. ests) os eee UM telUss WWiestmaod: 

(Type E. bicolor, Westw.) 

Clypeus short, broadly truncate anteriorly, but the labrum not visible ; 
mandibles falcate, rounded at apex; maxillary and labial palpi both 
4-jointed ; first abdominal segment with a broad, finely shagreened 
depression at apex, the second segment with two transverse carine, 
the intermedian space between the carinz shagreened, opaque ; 
pygidium narrowly compressed towards apex and then abruptly 
dilated or trumpet-shaped.................Spilothynnus, Ashm. 


33- Head large, obtrapezoidal, subquadrate or subglobose, the temples or 
the space back of the eyes very broad, without furrows or impres- 
sions extending from the antenne to the vertex..............34. 

Head transverse, much wider than thick antero-posteriorly, the 
temples not especially broad, with sometimes two furrows or 
lmpressions extending from antenne to vertex..........-....40. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 





U2 
Wn 


ioe) 


~I 


Head subquadrate or subglobose........ Sate 5: 
Head large, obtrapezoidal, the emilee ae iraale 
Abdomen oblong oval, the second dorsal segment with three or 
four transverse folds or carine; pygidium long oval, longi- 
tudinally striate; labrum longly ciliated; maxillary palpi minute, 
2-jointed ; labial palpi 4-jointed, the last joint as long as joints 


-—3 united. (Australia.). .........Cephalothynnus, Ashm. 
Head subquadrate or subglobose, the hind angles rounded, the 
temples about four times the width of theeye...... SEAR Ee os 


Head almost quadrate, only a little wider than long, the temples only 
about twice the width of the eye. 

Abdomen large, oblong-oval, the second dorsal segment with 
about five transverse carine ; pygidium long, ellipzoidal, very 
slightly narrowed at the middle and longitudinally striate ; 
labrum hardly visible, ciliate; maxillary palpi minute, 2-jointed; 
labial palpi short, 3-jointed, the second joint the longest and 
thickest. bal Reid aleinie aich era 9 Male a aL aanCed e ALS hin 


. Metathorax pith ae disk of the oblique truncation flat but not 


CONEAVED, «chose : : Be OM cls tts Buc ntahe Vie 
Metathorax with the die a rhe able truncation concave or atte 
concave. 
Abdomen large, oblong-oval, the second dorsal segment coarsely 
rugulose,with two transverse folds or carinz at apex; pygidium 


longitudinally rugulose ..............Elaphroptera, Guérin. 
Metathorax without a hump-like elevation at base just behind the 
seltelhim’™.20% o%-. : A sR; 30: 


Metathorax with a cen iiiee Bevatibn? at haat wel patina the 
scutellum. 

Second abdominal segment with a transverse fold or carina near 
base and another near apex, the intermediate space very 
coarsely rugulose; pygidium oblong-oval, finely, longitudinally 
aciculated towards apex ............. Pycnothynnus, Ashm. 


. Metathorax obliquely truncate from the base, wthout a distinct 


metanotum.. .... 5 ara ewer, oh mma ot 13 Oe 
Metathorax with a ee Ree Pactines metanotum, trapezoidal, the 
truncation abrupt, perpendicular ; abdomen with a depression near 
apex and a delicate transverse carina just before apex; the 
depression finely coriaceous; second segment with a depression 


106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


from the middle which is rugulose ; pygidium oblong-oval, rugulose 
towards base; mandibles with a sinus before apex, appearing 


picentate: 55.4. Nuhotaday suas Biles .. Anodontyra, Westwood. 
39. Clypeus w7thout a trace a a miedianle carina, the anterior margin 
truneate Saee hake nme ask “ACE. NER One bie wks seep gee A Os 


Clypeus z7th a more or lees disumee iedian carina, the anterior 
margin subangularly produced. 

Pygidium oblong-oval, longitudinally striate, and with a lobe or 
tooth on each side before the apex; first abdominal segment 
with traces of transverse carina or elevated lines at apex, the 
second segment with many transverse folds or carinz, 17 or 
more ; metathorax sloping from its 
baseguisseac'-)ul- | sees MYEIMeCOdes;meatrellle (Partzmn). 

40. Pygidium abibsE. ane amore or less elongate, lanceolate elevation 
on its disk gradually broadened posteriorly, the elevation with 
some longitudinai lines towards base, smooth at apex ; first 
abdominal segment with a depression at apex, the second segment 
with five transverse folds or carine, metathorax sloping from a little 
beyond its base, leaving a short but distinct 


HIVStaMO CUM Gert - cewek, aie othe Gaon bel wale .. Thynnoides, Guérin. 
4t. Pygidium very narrow, or strony edanireeea eowards base, with an 
eee towards apex . mits’ iar is haa Se 42. 


ygidium neither very narrow nor conipeeea rowards ase. without 
an elevation or disk, above flat or subconvex, striate, punctate or 
TU eWOSCy aoe oc: : ASTER MWe Cok Hogi hn 
42. Head about twice as wide as ernie: antero- eee rchiorly, or three times as 
wide as thick when viewed from above. 
Second dorsal abdominal segment with three or more transverse 
folds or carine. Wea cad oat REEMA as nc taNas eee em Lande SR aER 
Second dorsal segiient with only owe transverse carina just before 
apex, the anteriorly portion rudely 
punctate. . ......./.4.+...PSammothynnus, Ashm:,. senanov,. 
43. Second abdominal segment with mamy transverse folds or carine.. 44. 
Second abdominal segment with three transverse folds or carinz. 
Pygidium elongate, smooth, the hypopygium with two converging 
CAT Ibs BLDASE c.. sinc 5, eat aie roe .Zelaboria, Saussure. 
(Tyee Thynnus carinatus, Smith. ) 
44. Second abdominal segment with 20 or more transverse carinz, the 
first segment with a transverse furrow just before apex, the third and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 





following segments smooth ; head with a concave depression above 
each antenna that extends to the vertex ; pygidium strongly com- 
pressed at the middle, and then broadened into an oval plate, the 
basal portion, which is separated from the oval apical portion by 
the strongly compressed portion, is transversely striated, while the 
apical portion is smooth.................Zaspilothynnus, Ashm. 


Second abdominal segment with about 13 or 14 transverse carine, the 
first segment with many oblique striae at the sides towards apex, the 
following segments after the second shining but microscopically 
shagreened, with a few scattered feeble punctures, especially notice- 
able on apex of the two last segments; pygidium compressed 
basally, dilated apically, but with an emargination on each side at 
apex, smooth and wéthout transverse strive at 
Basel ene hack ote dae am ater taming s, LAChyNOMm yay, Giemsa. 


ace (Clypeus without a-medialinidge! .A5. tle oe eelrae sede ed cig sie AO 
Clypeus wth a median ridge. 

Pygidium not very narrow, deflexed apically, longitudinally 
striated, and with a tooth or lobe at each side towards the 
base ; mandibles broad and flat, obtuse at apex, with a longi- 
tudinal grooved line along the inner margin and another along 
the outer margin for a little more than half 
theim lengths. 2seteee atone Myrmecodes: Latreille: 

(Type Tiphia pedestris, Fabr.) 

46. Head zthout convex impressions extending from the antenne to ver- 

tex, subopaque; clypeus transversely narrowed, with a slight median 

tooth anteriorly ; mandibles long, falcate ; second dorsal abdominal 

segment with a transverse carina near base and another near apex, 

the intermediate space multistriated transversely; pygidium oblong- 

oval, longitudinaily striated with a notch on each side before apex ; 
maxillary palpi 3-jointed ; labial palpi 

AjOinted=). yn... bia. Mees vod se. HEemithynnus, Ashmead. 


Head with two convex impressions extending from the antenne to 
the apex; clypeus transversely narrowed, with a slight median 
sinus anteriorly ; mandibles, falcate, acute ; pygiditim strongly com- 
pressed at sides just before the apex, then dilated, and as seen from 
behind appearing as an oval elevation more or less transversely 
aciculated, rarely smooth........,........-.Agriomyia, Guérin. 


LOS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





BY THOS. L. CASEY, ST. LOUIS; MO: 


I have read with some interest Dr. Wasmann’s “ Last Reply” in the 
March number of this journal (page 74), and hasten to say that I was by no 
means “angry” when I wrote the answer referred to. I was only pained 
to think that a man of Dr. Wasmann’s eminence in the scientific world 
would stoop to send to a colleague a specimen without marks of any kind 
for identification, in order to have him commit himself to an opinion when 
deprived of the subtle influence of at least a locality label. 

I feel sure that upon reflection Dr. Wasmann will not hold me 
responsible for his failure to glance over the matter referred to in my 
paper, which, the heading stated, comprised other studies besides the 
revision of Corylophidz, ete., or for my being at a loss to understand the 
correspondence in the light of current events. 

I did not send Dr. Wasmann a copy of my reply, because, as he had 
used this journal as a vehicle of publication, 1 supposed that he was 
accustomed to reading it regularly. Not a single copy of my “extras’’ has 
been sent out to anyone, it seeming preferable to me that the article in 
question should be known only within the sphere of circulation of the 
journal in which his original article and my reply appeared. Dr. 
Wasmann has evidently misinterpreted the motive of my failure to send 
him a copy, and I therefore make this explanation. 

If I went too far in misconstruing Dr. Wasmann’s actions in this 
matter, which is not very momentous from any point of view, it will give 
me pleasure to retract whatever may have wronged him. Our entomo- 
logical friends have the full history of the issue, and can form their own 
conclusion. 


A PRESENT TO THE SOCIETY. 


The Entomological Society of Ontario has been kindly remembered 
by Messrs. ]. and H. Comstock, Evanston, Ill., in a contribution to its 
collection of a number of butterflies taken by themselves in a trip through 
Colorado during the season of 1902. Carefully done up in papers, named 
and dated, with the localities in which they were taken, these specimens 
are of special interest as representing much-discussed forms of that famous 
locality, which hitherto have been known to us only by name. 

J. Atston Morrat, Curator. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 109 





NOTE ON DEIZEPAILA GALIT, ROT: 

Mr. Percy B. Gregson, of Blackfalds, Alta., sends a painting, made by 
Mr. I. C. Clare, of Edmonton, of the larva of Dezlephila gaéit, Rottem- 
burg. Mr. Gregson writes that these large larve are a luscious treat for 
prairie chickens in early autumn, and are quite often found entire, although, 
of course, dead, in their crops. ‘These larve in the Northwest feed on the 
Giant Willowherb [Chamenerion angustifolium (L.), Scop.], and it was 
from this food-plant that its more generally-known name of Chamenerit 
was derived. I have read that these larve are also eaten regularly by 
some tribes of Indians in California. Some years ago I examined the 
contents of the crops of four prairie chickens from Western Manitoba, 
and found them stuffed with the hips of the prairie rose, the leaves of the 
alkali-loving Ranunculus [Oxygraphis cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl.|, and 
many specimens of Chrysomela lunata, Fab. The specific name of the 
insect under discussion is, I presume, merely the genitive case of Gadium, 
the botanical name of the Bedstraw, one of the food-plants of the larva. 
If this is the case, the usual spelling with the letter 7 doubled is a mistake, 
notwithstanding that it appears so spelled in most lists. Although 
properly spelled in the index of Dr. Dyar’s new list, it is in the inaccurate 
form in the body of the work. I merely mention the matter, because I 
find that the mistake, if it is one, occurs both in European and American 
lists. —J. FLETCHER. 





NOTE ON NORTH AMERICAN ATTACI, 
BY A, RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY, 

I repeat here, for the benefit of American readers, the descriptions of 
two abberations, given by me originally in the pages of the JZusekten 
Borse, 1902. 

Samia Californica, ab. parvimacula.—Vhe male specimen is of a 
lighter red than usual, and the lunate discal spots are so reduced on all 
four wings as to appear half the usual size. They are, in fact, narrow, 
and only about 5 mm. in length, squarish in form. The antennz are 
greatiy reduced, the usual length being about 20 mm., while here they are 
only about 14 to r5 mm., and the pectinations appear to be proportion- 
ately. reduced. The expanse is normal, about 95 mm., but at first sight 
the specimen suggests a different species. 

I may mention here a female, S. Californica, which has the right 
secondary smaller and of a peculiar translucent appearance, suggesting an 


110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





instance of retarded development. It has been elsewhere shown, in a 
similar case, that the undeveloped wings present resemblances to the 
pupal condition. 

Telea polyphemus,ab.flava.—The colour of the female specimen is of a 
rather bright ochrey yellow. The darker inner shading to the subterminal 
band on primaries is wanting and this outer band itself is white. The 
eye-spots are as usual and thus quite different from the Western form 
oculea, Neum. In colour, Ze/ea varies from roseate to olive ochre. I 
have seen a second specimen of this yellow aberration in a private 
collection. 

In the proceedings of the Am. Phil. Soc., Vol. xli., No. 171, I have 
illustrated an instance of the spinning of a silken attachment around the 
stem of the enveloping leaf in the cocoon of Zeéea, reminding us of the 
habit of Phzlosamia cynthia, or, even perhaps of Axntherwa mylitta. 1 
have since found three more examples of this hitherto unnoticed habit, 
among a lot of cocoons of Ze/ea, but the false stem in these instances does 
not seem to have been fastened to the branch. It is difficult, however, 
from collected material to be quite certain of the fact, and it would be in- 
teresting if American collectors would observe closely the spinning 
methods of Zée/ea. ‘The silken attachment looks like that of Cal/osamia 
promethea, but entirely encloses the stem of the leaf. 


ERRATA. 

March No., page 75, for ARatus read ARADUS. 

In the ‘Thirty-third Annual Report (1902), page 24, line 13 from the 
top, for “ triangle” read tangle. 

Page 28, line 15 from the bottom, for ‘‘ point” read joznt. 

Page 60, line 3, after “C. 72-punctatus,” read “ which has only 
recently been reported as having invaded Canada, has reached London, 
which would seem to indicate that it will soon prove itself to be the more 
abundant and destructive species of the two.” 


The 33rd Annual Report (1902) of the Society has been published, 
and is sent by the Ontario Department of Agriculture to the members 
whose subscriptions are paid up for the year 1903, and to those only. 
Any subscriber who has not yet received a copy will understand the 
reason why. 





Mailed April Ist, 1903. 





PLaTE*4, 


CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXV. 





NEW NOCTUIDS — FIGURES OF GENITALIA. 


Ww 


he Ganadiay s,ntomologist. 


t 








VoL. XXXV. LONDON, MAY, 1903. No. 5 











NOTES ON GANA DIAN SPECIES” OF kit GENUS) APA N- 
TESTS (ARCT/A), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE 
TO THE LARVA. ; 
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL 
FARM, OTTAWA. 

This paper is not by any means intended to be a full treatment of the 
species of the genus Apanfesis, occurring in Canada. There isso much yet 
to be learned about many of the forms that the preparation of such an article 
is still quite impossible. The intention, therefore, is merely to present the 
rather incomplete notes we have made at Ottawa, with the hope that they 
may be of some use to students who are, or who may become, interested in 
these insects, and also that it may be seen at a glance what work has been 
done on some of the species, as well as what is still lacking with regard 
to others. There is considerable doubt as to the validity of some of the 
species of this genus, and these doubts can only be dispelled by careful 
and extensive breeding from the egg, taking accurate notes of the larvee 
(in their different stages), the pupee, etc. Large series of many of the so-called 
species will have to be bred before definite knowledge can be acquired. 

The larve of this genus, generally speaking, are much the same in 
appearance. ‘They are usually blackish caterpillars, with spreading tufts 
of black or reddish bristles. ‘Taking each species separately, they are not 
difficult to study, but when one begins to compare large series of closely 
related species, the task is not by any means so easy. Even among those 
species which have been most studied, we do not seem to have any con- 
stant characters whereby to separate the larv.e, and, in view of our limited 
knowledge of these creatures, a great amount of work is still to be done. 
As it should not be difficult to obtain most of the moths where they occur, 
it is to be hoped that local collectors will endeavour to secure eggs from 
captured females, and thus provide the means for a better knowledge of 
the earlier stages of these interesting insects. 

In Canada there are, as far as we have been able to find out, at least 
20 moths belonging to the genus Apantesis, and specimens of all of these 


112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





have been examined by the writer. Whether some of these are really 
worthy of specific rank can only be found out by breeding. Undoubtedly, 
however, some which are now recognized as distinct by some students, 
will, when they have been reared in numbers from the egg, be found to be 
simply forms of some recognized species, and not worthy of a specific 
name. Doubtless, also, some which-have been buried in synonymy by 
other students, will be found, when their earlier stages are sufficiently 
known, to be worthy of specific recognition. 

The following list covers ail forms which we know to occur in 
Canada. Some of these have never been recorded from Canada before, 
and it is not unlikely that other collectors may be able to add further to 
this list : 

1. virgo, Linn. 
“ var. citrinaria, Neum. & Dyar. 
2. wirguncula, Wirby. 
3. Michabo, Grote. 
** var. minea, Slosson. 
4. parthenice, Kirby. 


5. rectilinea, French. 
6. Anna, Grote. 

“var. persephone. Grote. 
7. ornata, Packard. 


var. achaza, G. & KB. 
var. ochracea, Stretch. 
8. arge, Drury. 
9. Quenselii, Paykull, var. turbans, Cliristoph. 
10. obliterata, Stretch. 
11. BLolanderi, Stretch. 
12. Wevadensis, G. & R., var. tncorrupta, Hy. Edw. 
13. superba, Stretch. 
14. Williamsii, Dodge, var. determinata, Neum. 
15. phyllira, Drury. 
16, Celia, Saunders. 
17. figurata, Drury. 
18. zais, Drury. 
19. vittata, Fabricius. 
20. phalerata, Harris. 


The order of the species as given in Dr. Dyat’s new catalogue has 
been followed. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ee 








Among the Arctians which have been sent in for examination, there 
are nine specimens which we cannot satisfactorily place, and it may be 
that these may prove to be undescribed. It is not advisable, we think, to 
describe new species of this genus from a few specimens, even if these 
seem to be fairly constant. When any of these species which are not now 
very well known, come to be reared in numbers from the same batch of 
eggs, doubtless many surprises will be experienced, and characters which 
in the past have been regarded as important by some students, may prove 
to be anything but constant. In a genus the species of which show such 
a wide range of variation, great care should be exercised in arriving 
at conclusions regarding new forms which may appear, and it will 
only be when every species has been carefully studied from the egg that 
definite knowledge can be had regarding the insects which constitute this 
interesting genus of the Arctiide. 

We have been endeavouring to get some idea of the distribution of the 
different species, and such results as we have obtained are given below, as 
well as the dates of appearance of the perfect insects. 

1. VirGo.—This species is well known as a moth, and common in 
many parts of Canada, particularly so in Manitoba and east of that 
Province. The mature larva is a beautiful creature, and, as might be 
expected, is one of the largest of the genus. It is 55 mm. in length at 
rest, 60 mm. when extended, and 8.5 mm. at widest part. In colour it is 
a deep velvety black, with bunches of stout black barbed bristles from the 
tubercles on the dorsum, and reddish bristles from the tubercles 
on the lower portion of sides and on venter. Some specimens 
are without any markings on the skin, but others have a striking dorsal 
stripe, the colour varying—bright yellow, dirty whitish, or orange-yellow. 
This larva also varies as to the colour of the tubercles. In three speci- 
mens the writer bred, tubercle i. was black, ii. black (in one specimen 
this afterwards changed to reddish), iii. black in two specimens, reddish 
in one, iv., V., Vi, Vil. and viii. also varying in colour. (Can. Enr., Vol. 
XXXIV., p. 23.) Abdominal feet brownish-red. Specimens of the larve, 
collected at Rosthern, Sask., by Mr. T. N. Willing, and given to Dr. 
Fletcher, had all the tubercles of a bright reddish colour, the bristles being 
all foxy red, or smoky, and the skin of some specimens mottled with gray. 
Some examples had a creamy yellow stripe down the dorsum, and others 
had this stripe broken up into a double spot on each segment, 


114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








Further examples collected at Rosthern, also by Mr. Willing, changed 
to pup on June 17, producing the imagoes on July 15. These larve 
Mr. Willing says were very plentiful on Zhermopsis rhombifolia, Nutt. 
Five specimens which had been killed by a fungus, and which were still 
attached to the plants, were received at Ottawa, and afterwards one pupa, 
with cast skin attached, and two of the bred moths were sent for examina- 
tion. All the tubercles in these six specimens are distinctly reddish, and 
the bristles conspicuously red, of about the same colour as those of Js/a 
Isabella, S. & A. The five dead larve all show the dorsal stripe. 

Larve which the writer received from Toronto hibernated in the 
penultimate stage. Specimens which My. D. Brainerd collected at Mont- 
real moulted twice in the spring, as did also four larve found at Ottawa in 
early April, by Mr. C. H. Young. From data at hand it would appear 
that there is only one brood in the year. It would be interesting to rear 
a large number of the larvee from the egg, and note all the differences. 

Distribution.— Edmonton, Alta., July (F. C. Clare); Blackfalds, 
Alta.. July 1, 2 (P. B. Gregson); Rosthern, Sask. (T. N. Willing); Beulah, 
Man. (A. J. Dennis) ; Cartwright, Man. July 15-30 (E. F. Heath) ; 
Aweme, Man., July 27 (N. Criddle) ; Winnipeg, Man., July 3-19 (A. W. 
Hanham) ; Rosseau, Ont., July (A. F. Winn); Orillia, Ont., July 3-17 
(C: E. Grant); London, Ont. (W. Saunders); Hamilton, Ont. (J. A. 
Moffat) ; Grimsby, Ont., July 20 (W. Metcalfe) ; Toronto, Ont., July 15, 
17 (A. Gibson) ; Port Hope, Ont. (C. J. S. Bethune) ; Trenton, Ont., July 
12, 19 ()j...D. aévans),; Ottawa, Ont. June so qmlly 7, 12, 156 22e2a ge 
Fletcher, C. H. Young, A. E. Richard, A. Gibson) ; Rigaud, Que. (J. E. 
Desrochers) ; Montreal, Que., July 19, 21, 27 (H. H. Lyman), July 6-17 
(Chas. Stevenson), July (A. F. Winn); Little Metis, Que. (Winn) ; 
Rimouski, Que. (Winn) ; St. Hilaire, Que., July 15 (Lyman); Quebec, 
Que. (T. W. Fyles); Kamouraska, Que. (Winn); Bic, Que. (Winn) ; 
Chicoutimi, Que., July (Winn) ; St. Tohn, N. B., June 10, July 2, 17, 21, 
26 (Wm. McIntosh). 

VIRGO, var. CITRINARIA.—Mr. J. A. Moffat tells me that he has bred 
two specimens of this variety, which differs in having yellow secondaries, 
from a batch of larve found at the same time at Hamilton, Ont. 


2. WVIRGUNCULA has a wide range of distribution. In Ontario it is a 
common species in certain districts, but very rare in others. At Toronto 
during some seasons I have found the moths exceedingly abundant. The 
life-history of this Arctian was published by the writer in the CANADIAN 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 





ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXXIIL, p. 325. The mature larva is smaller than 
that of virgo, measuring about 35 mm., and when extended 4o mm. ; 
head black, median suture pale in some specimens, as also the lower half 
of the epistoma. The skin of the body in some examples is wholly velvety 
black, in others the same colour but shading to grayish black subventrally, 
The tubercles are all black, the bristles being distinctly barbed, those from 
the dorsal tubercles being black, while those from the subventral tubercles 
are bright rust-red ; prolegs, upper portion black, lower portion reddish. 
None of the larvz had any markings on the skin. Specimens collected on 
April 8, at Toronto, only moulted once after coming out of hibernation, 
and at Montreal, Mr. Brainerd tells me that larvee which he had, moulted 
only once in the spring before spinning up. From eggs laid in June we 
reared moths in August, but many of the larvee which were mature (Stage 
VII.), instead of changing to pupe as the others did, stopped feeding about 
the middle of August and acted as if they wanted to hibernate. Virgun- 
cula ought to be bred again to see just to what extent the larve vary, and 
if they ever possess the dorsal stripe. The late Mr. T. G. Priddey, of 
Toronto, made large collections of these larvee, but, unfortunately, did not 
publish any of his observations. Writing on March 20, 1got, he says: 
“Now is the time to get Arctia virguncula larve. The first soft day after 
the dry grass is released from the frozen snow, they generally show them- 
selves for a short time, along with Sfz/osoma virginica, basking on the 
tops of grass ; after then they are hard to find, as they hide away during 
the day.” 

Distribution.—Calgary, Alta., July 27, Aug. 18 (F. H. Wolley-Dod); 
Saltcoats, Assa., July 12 (Willing); Cartwright, Man., June 29, July 3 (Heath); 
Sudbury, Ont. (Evans); London, Ont. (Saunders) ; Orillia, Ont., July 
5-10 (Grant) ; Wabigoon, Ont., Aug. 24 (W. McInnis) ; Toronto, Ont., 
June 6, 14, 16, 18, 23 (Gibson), June 16, 24 (W. Metcalfe), May 23, 
June 6 (J. McDunnough); Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat) ; Trenton, Ont., June 
1g (Evans) ; Ottawa, Ont. Aug. 5 (Gibson); Meech Lake, Que., Aug. 
25, 3 worn sp. (Young); Montreal, Que. (Brainerd), July 3 (Lyman), 
May 24, June 13 (Winn); Cowansville, Que. (Fyles) ; St. John, N. B., 
July 9, “rare” (McIntosh) ; Anticosti Island (W. Couper). 

The specimen of the moth which the writer found on the sth Aug., 
at Ottawa, was not a complete specimen, but simply one of the primaries 
of presumably a male, which had become caught in the gauze covering 


116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








one side of a mating cage, in which were two males and two females of 
nats. 

3. Micuazno.—This species must be very rare in Canada, as we have 

records of only four specimens having been taken. A coloured figure of 
the moth is given on plate XLVIII. of Hampson’s recent ‘‘ Catalogue of 
the Lepidoptera Phaleenee in the British Museum.” Not having seen a 
good series of this species, I take the liberty of quoting from Dr. Dyar 
(Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. VIII., p. 36, as follows: “‘ AZichabo is a 
peculiar form, in markings close to vérgo, but in colour so near arge that 
the two are liable to be confused, and have been so in some collections. 
It is a simpler form than arge, the bands retaining their usual shape, only 
the inner one being occasionally somewhat tooth-like” . . . 
‘‘ The larva doubtless hibernates full-grown. No description is extant, but 
fortunately I have a blown larva before me from the Riley collection, as 
well as cast skins from the Department of Agriculture, and some notes 
(Dept. Agr. No. 2588). The larva is grayish black, head black, the body 
rather grayish brown, with a broad, distinct, straight, cream-coloured dorsal 
stripe. Hair rather long and, though coarse, somewhat soft and brownish. 
Spiracles white. The notes add a more or less interrupted white subdorsal 
line, but it does not show in the blown or alcoholic specimens nor in the 
cast skins. ‘The larva is a close ally of avge, but differs in the absence (or 
reduction) of the subdorsal lines. The full life-history is needed.” 

Distribution.—Grand Forks, B. C., June (H. Brainerd). This specimen 
is in the collection of Mr. A. F. Winn, of Montreal, who kindly gave me the 
particulars. Calgary, Alta., June g (Wolley-Dod); Aweme, Man. (Criddle). 

MIcHARBO, var. MINEA.—A single specimen of the variety, which has 
been so identified by Dr. Dyar, was sent from Osoyoos, B. C., to Dr. 
Fletcher by Mr. C. deBlois Green, 

4. PARTHENICE is by no means uncommon. The moths appear 
usually in late July and August, generally about the middle of the latter 
month. Small specimens of vévgo are often confused with parthenice, but 
the former species can readily be distinguished by the broad lining of the 
median vein, and the two, or more, discal spots of the secondaries. ar- 
thenice has but one discoidal spot. I have never seen the larva of this 
moth. Saunders describes it as black, with a flesh-coloured dorsal stripe, 
tubercles yellowish, bearing tufts of stiff hairs which are black on the dorsum 
and brown on the sides, and feet and prolegs yellowish, tipped with black 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, TAry 





The life-history of this species is needed, and, as the moths are fairly com- 
mon, it ought not to be difficult to obtain eggs. Males of the species 
were abundant at light, near Ottawa, in August last, but, unfortunately, no 
females could be captured, or doubtless we could have secured ova. 

Distribution.—Victoria, B. C., June 27 (E. M. Anderson) ; Calgary, 
Alta., July 23, 25 (Wolley-Dod) ; Blackfalds, Alta, August (Gregson) ; 
Prince Albert, Sask., July 6 (Fletcher); Beulah, Man., July 15, 21, 22 
(Dennis) ; Aweme, Man. (Criddle); Winnipeg, Man., July 18, 19, 27 
(Hanham) ; Cartwright, Man., July, Aug. (Heath) ; Sudbury, Ont., July 
27 (Evans) ; London, Ont. (Saunders) ; Amherstburg, Ont., early Sept. 
(E. B. Reed); Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat); Caesarea, Ont., Aug. 12 (Gibson); 
Grimsby, Ont. (Metcalfe); Toronto, Ont. (Bethune, Gibson} ; Cobourg, 
Ont. (Bethune) ; Port Hope, Ont. (Bethune), Aug. 13 (Metcalfe) ; Ros- 
Seats Ont, julye25;( Winn); Orillia, Ont... Aug. s10, 17, 18, 3.1, Sepian2 
(Grant) ; Trenton, Ont., July 30, Aug. 23-27 (Evans); Ottawa, Ont., Aug. 
6, 10, 13, 14, 16, 19, 27 (Fletcher, Young, Richard, Gibson) ; Meech 
Lake, Que., Aug. 16, 19, 22, 31, Sept. 6, fresh specimen (Young); Rigaud, 
Que. (Desrochers); Montreal, Que. (Brainerd), Aug. 9 (Lyman); Murray 
Bay, Que., Aug. (Winn) ; Roberval, Que., July 27 (Lyman) ; Little Metis, 
Que., July, Aug. (Winn) ; Quebec, Que., Aug. 6 (Fyles) ; Jaquet River, 
N. B., August (Winn) ; St. John, N, B., Aug. 1-15 (McIntosh). 

5. RectTILINEA.—This Arctian is very rare in Canada. We have only 
three records of its occurrence. The species is supposed by some to be 
the same as phy//ira, and Jarve which the writer had from eggs, with the 
female vecti/inea correctly associated, certainly answered very well to the 
description of the larva of phy//ira as published by Packard. ‘The eggs 
of rectilinea above mentioned were received from Mr. A. Kwiat, of 
Chicago, and were laid on the 27th and 28th Aug., and hatched on the 
5th and 6th Sept. The following notes were taken on the larval stages : 


Stage /.—Length when hatched 1.8 mm. General colour dirty 
whitish, after feeding greenish brown. Head 0.3 to 0.37 mm. wide, black, 
mouth-parts reddish. Thoracic shield black. Tubercles blackish ; bristles 
long, blackish from dorsal tubercles, and silvery from lateral tubercles. 
Tubercle i. very small, ii. and ii. large, of about same size, iv. and v. 
smaller than il. and iil. ; 1., i1., ill, iv. and v. are surrounded more or less 
with reddish brown. In some specimens this colour is hardly perceptible. 
Bristles from tubercles barbed. Thoracic feet black ; prolegs rather paler 
than venter, semi-translucent. 


118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Stage [7.— Length 3 mm. Head 0.4 to 0.45 mm. wide, black, shiny, 
slightly bilobed ; mouth-parts reddish. Body pale brownish, the green 
food contents showing slightly, more or less, through the skin. Tubercles 
all shiny black, and large, with exception of i., which is very small; each 
tubercle but i. bearing a bunch of barbed bristles, those from the dorsal 
tubercles black, others silvery, or whitish. All the segments are marked 
with reddish brown blotches and spots. Spiracles black, very small, 
aimost touching tubercle iv. Thoracic feet darker than venter and rather 
translucent ; prolegs paler than venter, setee short and pale. 

Stage //7.—Length 6mm. Head 0.6 to 0.67 mm. wide, black, shiny. 
In general appearance the larvae may be said to be black, with pale, slightly 
yellowish, dorsal, lateral and stigmata] stripes. On examination with a lens, 
however, the skin is seen to be pale, but thickly mottled and suffused with 
dark brown. All the tubercles are shiny black, and, with the exception 
of i., large. Tubercles as before, ii. with a polished base. Bristles black, 
with exception of those from lower lateral tubercles, which are pale. 
Tubercles on dorsum of segments 12 and 13 bear a few extra long 
bristles. Thoracic feet shiny black ; prolegs concolorous with venter ; 
setze pale and short. ‘Towards the end of the stage the larve lose their 
dark colour, changing to a reddish brown. 

Stage 7V.—Length 7.5 mm. Head 0.9 to 1.0 mm. wide, black. In 
general appearance black larve with black bristles, and a pale yellow 
dorsal stripe, also an indistinct lateral stripe. The skin on the sides of 
body shows some green, the venter being paler. Tubercles black, bristles 
barbed, from all tubercles above spiracles pure black. Bristles from lower 
tubercles mostly pale, rather reddish. Dorsal stripe clear pale yellow, 
expanded almost into a spot on the middle of each segment. Spiracles 
small and black. ‘Thoracic feet shiny jet black, prolegs concolorous with 
venter. : 

Stage V.—l\ength 10.5 mm. Head 1.2 mm. wide, black, cheek 
above ocelli brown ; epistoma pale. Body black : dorsal stripe as in last 
Stage, skin between tubercles i. and itl. yellowish. Tubercle i. small, ii. 
large, both 1. and 11. black, ii. with a polished base ; iii., iv. and v. are now 
partly brownish yellow, vi.. vii. and vill. wholly black. Skin of body below 
tubercle ii. not so black. Spiracles small, black, round, just in front of 
tubercle iv. _Bristles from tubercles as before, but the pale bristles below 
spiracles, in some specimens, do not show any red. Thoracic feet as 
before ; prolegs, upper portion shiny black exteriorly, paler below, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 


Stage V/.—Length 15 mm. Head 1.6 mm. wide, as before, median 
suture in some specimens pale. In general appearance the larve in this 
Stage are black, hairy caterpillars, either with a dorsal stripe (indistinct or 
absent on posterior two segments of body) of bright yellow, expanded 
almost into spots as in Stage iv., or a series of spots, one on each segment, 
down the middle of the dorsum. In all specimens along the upper por- 
tion of sides is also a series of paler yellowish spots. Tubercles as in last 
Stage, the summits of iii., iv. and v. being pale brownish yellow. — Bristles 
from dorsal tubercles black. In most specimens those from iv. are black, 
from v., vi., vil. and viii. pale, slightly rusty. Thoracic feet black, shiny ; 
prolegs, upper two-thirds black, lower third pale greenish brown ; claspers 
blackish gray. 

Stage V77.—Uength 21 mm. In general appearance, black hairy 
larvee, with a row of small yellow spots down the dorsum, and conspicuous 
rows of yellowish subdorsal and lateral tubercles. Head 2.0 mm. wide, 
subquadrate, flattened in front, slightly bilobed, shiny black ; ocelli black ; 
epistoma dull whitish-brown ; cheek above ocelli near segment 2 pale 
brownish ; antenne whitish-brown at base, remainder blackish. Body 
cylindrical, segments rather deeply divided. Skin dull grayish black, 
overlaid with patches and streaks of rich velvety black, particularly 
dorsally and laterally, giving a deep black appearance. — Dorsal 
stripe broken up into a row of yellow spots. All the tubercles, 
with but few exceptions, yellowish, with a black base, the subdorsal and 
lateral series most conspicuous. Tubercle 1. small, about one-ninth the 
size of ii., which has a broad polished base. Spiracles black, with a dull 
yellowish centre, close in front of tubercle iv. Bristles barbed, those on 
dorsum mostly black, on lower portion of sides pale. Thoracic feet black, 
shiny ; prolegs pale, each with a large black shiny plate anteriorly. 

The above larve when they stopped feeding were put outside for the 
winter. Unfortunately, however, none of them came through alive, so we 
were unable to breed a series of the moths. Possibly some of us may 
again be fortunate enough to obtain eggs, and rear the species to maturity. 

Distribution.—Calgary, Alta. (Willing); Beulah, Man., July 14 
(Dennis) ; Aweme, Man., Aug. 6 (Criddle). 

6. Anna.—This species also seems to be rare in Canada. In 1896 
I collected six specimens of the variety fersephone, and at that time asso- 
ciated them with vzrguncu/a, probably because they occurred at the same 
time, and I thought bore a somewhat close resemblance to that species, 


120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Persephone, however, is a larger form than virguncuda, and the fore wings 
are more like those of parthenice, but the markings are much heavier. Anna 
differs from the variety Aersephone chiefly in having the hind wings wholly 
black. The larval stages of the persephone form were described by Dr. 
Dyar in Vol. 8, p. 53, of Psyche. These larve were entirely deep black, with 
shining tubercles, and stiff black bristles alike in colour throughout. We 
have never had an opportunity of studying the earlier stages of this species 
at Ottawa, as it does not occur here to our knowledge. Some of our mem- 
bers may be fortunate enough some time to get ova, and if so it would be 
interesting to know just to what extent the larve vary. 

Distribution.—Typical Anna has been taken at Toronto, Ont., June 
20 (Metcalfe), and at London, Ont. ; the variety persephone at Hamilton, 
Ont. (Moffat); Toronto, June 6, 27 (Gibson), June 3, 4 (McDunnough) ; 
June 18 (Metcalfe); Springfield-on-Credit., Ont. (Bethune). 


7. Orwnata.—This is a western species occurring in Canada, as far 
as we know, only in British Columbia. It is a rather large, handsome 
Arctian, some specimens measuring 134 inches in expanse of wings, but 
the average width is 144 inches; a series of the moths will show great 
variation. Typical ornata seems to be rare, most of our specimens and 
those we have seen being either the form achaza or ochracea, of which the 
veins on theprimaries are lined. The colour of the secondaries in the species 
varies from yellow to red. During the past summer Mr. J. W. Cockle, of 
Kaslo, B. C., kindly sent us a batch of eggs of ormata.* These were 
laid on the 30th June and hatched on the 8th July. The following notes 
were taken on the larval stages : 


Stage I—Length at first 2.2 mm. Colour whitish, after feeding 
greenish. Head 0.4 to 0.45 mm. wide, dark brown, shiny. Cervical 
shield concolorous with head. On each segment there is the usual row of 
transverse tubercles; these are black; i, small, ii. large, ill. nearly the same 
size as ll.,1v. and v. smaller. Sete long and slender. Tubercles ii., iii., 
iv, and v. are faintly surrounded with reddish brown. Feet concolorous; 
thoracic feet semi-translucent. 

Stage [7.—Length 4mm. Head 0.5 to 0.6 wide, pale brown, dark- 
ened at inside apex of cheeks ; ocelli black ; mouth-parts reddish. Body 
pale greenish, with a light bluish dorsal stripe. Cervical shield and 











*The female which laid the eggs has since been received, and submitted to Dr. 
Dyar, who has confirmed our identification, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lt 





tubercles black, shiny; tubercles ii., iii., iv. and v. as in last Stage, blotched 
anteriorly and posteriorly with reddish brown. Mostly black bristles from 
i., ii. and iii., the others silvery; from lower tubercles mostly silvery 
bristles, only a few black ones. Bristles barbed. Spiracles black, small, 
close in front of tubercle iv. Feet concolorous with venter, semi-trans- 
lucent. 

Stage 777.—Length 6 mm. Head 0.75 to o.g mm. wide; inside 
half of cheek dark brown, outer half pale brown; ocelli black ; mouth- 
parts reddish-brown ; some heads much darker than others. In general 
appearance the larvee are brownish caterpillars, with a pale blue dorsal 
stripe. The tubercles are black and shiny ; bristles barbed, from i. and 
li. all black, except on thoracic segments, where there are a few silvery 
bristles ; from i. and iv. mostly black, a few silvery; from lower tubercles 
mostly silvery. Tubercie 1. small, 11. large and with a polished base. Skin 
of body from the dorsal stripe to lower edge of tubercle ii. pale brown, 
with a greenish tinge. Between 11. and iii. the skin is pale greenish- 
yellow, and between iii. and iv. and below iv. the skin is blotched with 
brown. Venter greenish. Feet semi-translucent. Segments 11, 12 and 
13 bear a few very long silvery hairs. 


Stage 7V.—Length 8.5 mm. In general appearance dark brown, 
with a pale, bluish-yellow dorsal stripe. Head 1.0 to 1.1 mm. wide, as in 
last Stage. Tubercles and bristles as in last Stage, some very long slender 
hairs from segments 12 and 13. Spiracles small, black, close in front of 
tubercle iv. Later in the Stage the larvee, under a lens, appear as greenish 
caterpillars, rather densely blotched and splashed with reddish-brown, and 
the dorsal stripe loses to a great extent its bluish-yellow colour, becoming 
rather inconspicuous. The skin along the side just above tubercles iii. and 
iv. has a yellowish tint. Thoracic feet brownish, rather translucent ; pro- 
legs concolorous with venter. 


Stage V.Length 12 mm. Head 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, shiny, black, 
with exception of brownish patch just above ocelli. Skin under a liens 1s 
brownish, bearing blotches of velvety black. A few days after moulting 
the blotches are more of a dark purplish shade, or a dull reddish brown. 
In most specimens the dorsal stripe has disappeared, but in some it Is still 
apparent undera lens. Tubercles as in last Stage ; bristles faintly barbed. 
The bristles from tubercles i., ii., iii. and upper half of iv. are black, those 
from lower half of iv., and from v., vi., vii. and viil. pale rusty. Spiracles 
small, black, close in front of tubercle iv. The two posterior segments 


2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





bear some extra long slender hairs as before. Venter much paler than 
dorsum, of a greenish-brown tinge. ‘Thoracic feet shiny black ; prolegs 
concolorous with venter. 

Stage V7.—Length 17 mm. Head 1.4 to 1.6 mm. wide, subquadrate, 
slightly depressed at vertex ; black, shiny ; epistoma pale; mouth-parts 
reddish; setze black and slender; cheek above ocelli pale brownish, 
mottled with darker brown. Skin of body velvety black on dorsum, gray- 
ish-green ventrally. No markings on the body. Tubercles black; bristles 
from i., ii., iil, and iv. black, those from v. and lower tubercles pale rust- 
red ; bristles faintly barbed. Some long, slender bristles from dorsum of 
two posterior segments as before. Thoracic feet black, shiny; prolegs 
reddish. Larvee do not vary. 

On the 3rd September 21 specimens were living, and as they were not 
feeding very much and looked unhealthy, they were put outside. Later, 
when they were examined (25th Oct.), every specimen was found to have 
died. Mr. Cockle retained some of the eggs himself, but he has since told 
us that his larvee also suffered a similar fate. Possibly during the coming 
season eggs may again be secured and more successful results obtained. 
Mr. Cockle states that the moths are rare at Kaslo. 

Distribution.—Specimens of ovnata have been taken at Osoyoos, B. 
C. (C. de B. Green) ; Kaslo, B. C., June 30, July 2 (Cockle) ; of the form 
achaia at Osoyoos, B. C. (Green) ; Kaslo, B. C., July 25, 26 (Cockle) ; of 
the form ochracea at Kaslo, B. C., June 8 (Cockle); Victoria, B. C. 
(Fletcher), June 7, July 17 (Anderson). 

8. ARGE is well known, and rather widely distributed in the eastern 
part of Canada, though I do not think it can, with us, be considered a 
common species. It seems to be double-brooded. We have no records 
of any specimens having been taken west of the Province of Ontario, An 
interesting account of the species has been recently published by Dr. 
Seifert,* accompanied by an excellent plate showing the variation in the 
imagoes. ‘The mature larva measures nearly 134 inches in length, and is 
grayish black, overlaid, especially on the dorsum, with patches of velvety 
black. The dorsal and subdorsal bands are cream colour, shaded with 
pink, and are wide and very distinct. The infra-stigmatal band is nearly 
the same colour, but is waved and broken, and not nearly so distinct. 
The tubercles are duli blackish, not polished. ‘The bristles are faintly 
barbed and rather long, brownish or gray, excepting those from lower 





*Journal of the New York Entomological Society, March, 1902, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 





lateral tubercles, which are rusty. Full-grown larvee have been infrequently 
met with at Ottawa in early October. 

Distribution.—Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat); Toronto, Ont. (R. J. Crew, 
Gibson) ; Trenton, Ont. (Evans); Ottawa, May 27, 28 (Young), Aug. 
27 (Fletcher) ; Rigaud, Que. (Desrochers) ; Montreal, Que.,, July 15 
(Stevenson), Aug. 12 (Norris) ; Belceil, Que. (Brainerd). 

(To be continued.) 





A ODAVS * COLLECTING, IN } BE BRUARY, 


February 12th (Lincoln’s Birthday), of this year, was unusually warm 
and spring-like. ‘The temperature rose as high as 52°, and the clear sky 
and little wind made it a joy to be out in the open, in the sunshine. 

I went to Staten Island that day, with the intention of working up 
some Orthoptera with Mr. W. T. Davis, but the feel of spring in the air was 
irresistible, and as I was anxious to secure aquatic Hemiptera as early in 
the season as possible, we went by trolley to some woodland ponds near 
Richmond. ‘The fields were very wet on the way, but hopping among 
the dry leaves were young grasshoppers, emerged from their winter’s sleep. 
Some Diptera also were hiding among them, and they were quite active 
when disturbed. 

When we arrived at the pond, a disappointment awaited us. It was 
nearly all frozen over! However, we pushed through the brambles to the 
edge, and began to fish under the thin ice. I took on this side of the 
pond two Corixa Harristi, active. Working our way along the side to the 
end where the outlet was, we found the water free from ice. On the sur- 
face, two species of Podurans were abundant, and an immature Jassid 
was floating and jumping. We got none of these. Water beetles, also, 
were swimming about. 

The sun, meantime, was melting the ice, and as we got to the 
opposite side from where we started, quite half the pond was clear. On 
this side, Haliplidze and Dytiscide were more abundant, swimming freely 
or else clinging to the stems of the bushes rising from the water, sunning 
themselves. 

On the trunk of a white birch I saw an Actlius semisuldcatus, about 
six inches from the surface, on the sunny side. It was alarmed by the 
noise I made, and dropped into the water. Contrary to what seemed to 
be the rule, this beetle submerged itself with great ease. 

Here, also, I took a Haliplid from a bush, on which there were a 


124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








number resting an inch or two from the water. ‘These, however, seemed 
to be somewhat torpid, as they could be brushed into the net easily, and 
lay there motionless. Those that fell into the water seemed to experience 
great difficulty in getting under. We also took two other species of these 
and a small Hydrophilid, swimming. 

As we sat at lunch, several species of Diptera were flying about. 
We also saw a Hemerobian and one of the Microlepidoptera, which we 
failed to catch. 

We had by this time exhausted the possibilities of this pond, so went 
to another about a hundred feet away. This was even more disappoint- 
ing. Thick ice covered it everywhere, except around the roots of a large 
apple tree, where there was a clear space of about a foot. This was 
swarming with the Crustacean Branchippus. 

I wanted to get some Hydrobatide, as well as more of the other 
aquatics, and Mr. Davis suggested Richmond Brook, where we went across 
fields. ‘The earth was simply sodden. 

In the brook there was more life and better collecting. Gerris re- 
migis was quite abundant, active, and, in some instances, 77 copudo. 
Between Mr. Davis and myself we took about 30 specimens. ‘They were 
found in the backwaters under the overhanging banks, or hiding among 
the drift. 

Clinging to the grains of sand or to small pebbles, in the quieter, 
deeper portions of the stream, were numbers of another species of Corixa, 
which I have not as yet determined. These insects were exceedingly 
active and lively, and scurried away before the net like a flock of birds, 
but we caught many, nevertheless. 

On the surface, in some portions, a small Perlid, Capnia necydaloides, 
was to be seen lightly floating. One I took froma Gerris that was feed- 
ing on it. Several others Mr. Davis and I took as they floated on the 
water, and two were caught on the white surface of a recently-cut stump, 
which seemed to have a great attraction for them. When we sought to 
capture them they ran swiftly away without attempting to take flight, and 
hid in the cracks of the bark, with which they harmonized in colour. 

We also observed some Chironomids resting on the stream; and 
under stones and among trash at the bottom, Perlid nymphs and Ephem- 
erid larvee were abundant. Ina sandy, shallow spot we saw a number of 
tubes, possibly about two inches long, rising into the water from the 
bottom, but we did not find the maker. ‘These seemed to consist of silk, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 





and were coated with grains of sand, which made them about the thick- 
ness of a pipestem. 

When we left the brook on our return home, we felt that we had had 
a very successful day. We had gone really on a venture, and we had 
found much more than we expected, and had a delightful outing into the 
bargain. 

In the early Spring, on such days as this, aquatic insects can be very 
profitably collected, especially for life-history work, They are active long 
before any others, as soon as the ice begins to disappear, and present a 
practically unexplored field to the earnest entomologist. To the mere 
collector they offer no inducement to compensate for the labour of col- 
lecting them, and are exceedingly uninteresting, being ordinarily incon- 
spicuous, sombre in coloration and retiring in habit. But to the scien- 
tific worker they present some of the most interesting adaptations to 
environment and conditions in the entire field of entomology. 

Two days later I went to the Mosholu locality in this vicinity, and 
my experience there illustrates this point. Although I spent a good deal 
more time there, I saw but few insects flying, all Diptera. My catch was 
all Coleoptera, none active, all hibernating under stones, and consisted 
principally of Staphylinide, some Carabidz, one Elater ; and also, one 
active Jassid, undetermined. It was not as good in numbers or variety as 
the one of the r2th, although the latter locality in Summer is very rich 
in species and abundant as to numbers. 

J. R. DE LA Torre Bueno, New York. 


ZEGIALITES DEBILIS, MANN. 

Leconte and Horn, in their * Classification,” say of this beetle : 
“Tt is of such extreme rarity as to have been seen by but few entomolo- 
gists.” It was with considerable interest, therefore, that I captured my 
first specimen one March afternoon in 1894. I was lying on a_pebbly 
sea beach, turning over stones, when I came upon %. dedi/is on the 
under side of a stone. From Leconte’s description I felt pretty sure that 
my identification was correct, and it was subsequently confirmed by Dr. 
Fletcher, of Ottawa. Leconte says the beetle is black, but he had prob- 
ably seen only dried specimens. Freshly-taken specimens show a distinctly 
green tinge. ‘The insect is about .15 inch long, and in general shape sug- 
gests a small carabid. 

Many a subsequent search in the same locality proved fruitless, for 
the insect’s proper habitat, as I afterwards discovered, is not among loose 


126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





stones. It is essentially a rock-frequenting species. It occurs in large 
numbers in some conglomerate boulders on the northern shore of the 
Queen Charlotte Islands. These boulders lie about half-way between the 
tide-marks, and the large pebbles embedded in them have become 
loosened by the action of the water, but still remain in their matrices. It 
is between these pebbles and the matrices that the beetles live, their 
compressed forms admirably adapting them for moving in so confined a 
space. 

On the mainland of British Columbia, opposite the Queen Charlotte 
Islands, the beetle again occurs in considerable numbers. ‘There the shore 
rocks are of a slaty formation, and the action of the tide tends to 
separate portions of them into large flakes, beneath which the beetles find 
congenial shelter. On removing one of these flakes with a chisel a whole 
colony of . debi/is is disclosed. I feel sure that the insect might be 
discovered in many places along our Pacific coast, if carefully sought for. 
For a long time this beetle was the only representative, not only of its 
genus, but of its family. Professor Comstock states, however, in his 
Insect Manual, that another species has recently been taken in California. 

The beetle is active all the year round. This morning (Feb. 14th), 
wanting to examine a few living specimens, I had no difficulty in procuring 
all I needed, though the ground is frozen hard and covered with snow. 
I have seen it copulating in February, and have taken both larve and 
pup in July. It is extremely deliberate in its movements. Its sharp 
claws enable it to adhere so firmly to the surface of the rock that it is 
sometimes difficult to dislodge it without injury. Unlike other marine 
species with which I have experimented, it shows no objection to entering 
the water, but does so readily from the top of a halfsubmerged stone. It 
seems helpless when floating on the water, but can sink at will when once 
beneath the surface. I placed some specimens on a stone in a dry 
dish, and gradually added sea-water till the stone was submerged, imitat- 
ing the approach of the tide. The beetles remained stationary, and 
allowed the water to cover them, when a large bubble of air could be seen 
under their partly raised elytra. 

I am in want of a few popularly interesting beetles (e. ¢., glow-worm, 
fire-fly, Egyptian sacred beetle, Pyrophorus, Noctilucus, etc.) for use in 
lectures to young people. I would gladly send a series of &. debilis to 
any entomologist who might care to make the exchange, 

J. H. Keen, Metlakatla, B, C, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127 








NEW NOCTUIDS FOR 1903; Noo 3—WITH NOTES ON SOME 
DESCRIBED SPECIES. 
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, N. J. 


The first paper of this series is in the January number of this 
Journal (pp. 9-14) ; the second is in the April issue of the Journal of the 
New York Entomological Society. The present instalment deals chiefly 
with species found in the Western Provinces of British America and 
a few others that are likely to occur there. The determination of a 
new species of Rancora from Calgary and Manitoba makes, some general 
remarks on that genus timely. There is a number of excellent collectors 
now hard at work on the Noctuid fauna of that general region and ex- 
tending westward to Vancouver, whose work deserves the greatest praise 
and to whose efforts is due the development of a totally new faunal 
region for this family of moths. 

Acronycta tartarea, n. sp.— Head, thorax and outside of tibiz black- 
ish; orbits of the eyes nearly white. Primaries uniform, very deep 
smoky, almost black ; the maculation neatly written in velvety black. 
There is a black basal streak to the t. a. line, which is most obvious at 
this point, fading toward the costa and inner margin ; there is a little spur 
at the middle of the streak beneath, and above it is bordered by a narrow 
white line. T. a. line almost obsolete, geminate, outwardly oblique. 
T. p. line velvety black, preceded by a whitish shade, broken, squarely 
exserted over the cell, deeply incurved below, the black lunate mark in 
the submedian interspace forming the most prominent part of the wing. 
A black streak begins just within the centre of this mark, crosses it and 
reaches the outer margin above the inner angle. Three white costal dots 
between t. p. and s.t. lines. S. t. line whitish, diffuse. broken, followed 
by small black interspaceal spots. A series of black terminal lunules, 
preceded by whitish shadings. Fringes smoky at base, outwardly white. 
Orbicular moderate, round, black-ringed, inwardly edged by white 
scales. Reniform rather large, broadly lunate, narrowly outlined in black, 
inwardly edged by sparse white scales, centre a little brown tinged. 
Secondaries white, with a smoky outer border, broadest at apex, and 
nearly iost at anal angle. Beneath: primaries smoky, the margins paler; 
a vague pale extra-median line. Secondaries more powdery, with a dis- 
tinct discal spot. 

Expands.—t.40 inches—35 mm. 

Hlabitat.—Calgary, Alberta, June 23, head of Pine Creek. 


128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





One almost perfect male from Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. This is, to 
my mind, one of the handsomest of our species of Acronycta. It re- 
sembles a somewhat undersized very dark even grisea ; but it is actually 
nearer to fa/cu/a in structure and details of maculation. I have never 
seen any tendency in either gvzsea or revel/ata to vary in this direction 
and believe I have a good species. 


LVoctua Trumani, n. sp.—Ground colour luteous brown, varying a 
little from a rusty to a smoky tinting. ‘The head and the tips of the palpi 
may be paler, more yellowish. Thorax concolorous, collar and patagiz 
fairly marked, vestiture rather loose, hairy, with the scaly admixture slight. 
Primaries without contrasts save that sometimes the reniform, and mecre 
rarely the orbicular, are obviously paler than the rest of the wing. All 
the usual lines are present, slender, brown, very slightly relieved. Basal 
line single, slender, evenly curved, tending to become lost in the darker 
specimens. ‘T. a. line single, slender, somewhat irregular, a little out- 
curved in the interspaces, and as a whole a little outwardly oblique: it 
tends to become lost in the darker examples. T. p. line single, slender, 
blackish, crenulate, in course parallel to the outer margin, tending to 
break up into a series of venular dots, which are obvious in all the speci- 
mens before me. S. t. line pale, rather even, somewhat diffuse, preceded 
by a slightly darker shading in the s, t. space, and sometimes further 
relieved by a darker tint in the terminal space : the tendency is to obscure 
the line, and in one example it is marked only by the duskys. t.shade. A 
dusky terminal line and a yellow line at tne base of the dusky fringes. A 
dusky, somewhat diffuse median shade is obvious in some specimens, 
extending from the costa between the ordinary spots and from the lower 
edge of the reniform nearly direct to the inner margin. This shade may 
be entirely lost, but usually the darkening of the cell between the ordinary 
spots remains, aud even more generally the dusky shade at the lower end 
of the reniform. Claviform indicated in one specimen only bya line of 
darker scales, and may be said to be wanting. Orbicular round or a 
little oval, moderate in size, more or less completely outlined by dusky 
scales, sometimes annulate with yellowish and sometimes entirely paler 
than the ground colour of the primaries. Reniform of good size, kidney- 
shaped, the sides defined by dark scales, upper and lower margins. often 
indefinite, middle of the spot more or less obviously yellow, sometimes 
contrasting quite strongly, sometimes scarcely relieved from the 
ground. Secondaries in the male pale yellowish, veins smoky, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129 





with a smoky outer border, through which there is a more or 
‘less obvious yellowish shade line: in the female the wings are uniformly 
smoky, with somewhat contrasting yellowish fringes. Beneath, primaries 
smoky brown, paler outwardly, more or less powdery, with a more or less 
obvious smoky outer line: secondaries pale dirty yellowish, powdered 
along the costa, with an outer extra-median smoky shade line that may 
cross the costal region only and rarely attains the inner margin. 

Expands.—1.20-1.36 inches = 30-34 mm. 

Fabitat.—Volga, South Dakota. 

Four males and one female, in fair condition. Sone time before his 
death the late Judge P. C. Truman sent me several boxes of Noctuids, 
supposedly duplicates, intended to give me an idea of the general char- 
acter of his local fauna. The specimens were unmounted and were 
picked over from time to time to get such species as were being studied. 
Recently the entire material has been spread, and I find in it the species 
here described, obviously resembling the rudifera series of Woctua, but 
differing from all in the robust build, subequal stumpy primaries and 
yellowish secondaries, which, in the male, have a broad outer dark shade, 
in which is a yellowish band. The male antenne are distinctly ciliated, 
and the genitalia are unique in having at the lower margin of the harpes a 
prominent tooth-like process. ‘The tip is gradual, somewhat pointed, and 
has a dense brush of spinules. The clasper is very stout, short, curved, 
abruptly drawn into a slender pointed tip. The single median lines, 
and especially the crenulate t. p. line, are characteristic, while the first 
impression gained by the wing form is that of a Zaeniocampa belonging 
to the rufu/a series. 

It is more than probable that this species will be found in the col- 
lections of those who have made exchanges with Judge Truman, and it is 
almost certain to be represented in the collection left by him. 


Feltia obliqua, n. sp.—Ground colour ranges from dark luteous brown 
to smoky or even blackish brown. Head rusty brown, with a more or 
less obvious dusky line across the front. Collar inferiorly dark brown, 
limited above by a black line: upper half pale brown, based by a whitish 
line that serves to relieve the black central line which it borders, 
Thoracic disk paler than primaries, with a grayish tinge. Primaries very 
evenly coloured, except that the upper half of wing to the t. p. line is 
somewhat darker, the markings neatly written and not contrasting. Basal 
line geminate, black, marked over costal area only, very close ta the root 


130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








of the wing. ‘T. a. iine geminate ; inner line scarcely defined, outer line 
black, included spaces usually a very little paler ; in course inwardly oblique 
from the costa to the internal vein, then with a long outward tooth that 
nearly or quite reaches the middle of the margin. T. p. line geminate, 
inner line black or blackish, crenulate ; outer line obscure, even, puncti- 
form or entirely lost beyond the costal region: the line as a whole very 
little outcurved over cell. S. t. line very narrow, pale, strongly denticu- 
late, preceded or followed or both by black sagittate marks, which may be 
wanting ; the line itself sometimes becoming almost lost. A continuous 
black terminal line, followed by a pale line at the base of the fringes. 
Orbicular oval, decumbent, of the ground colour, more or less completely 
outlined by biack scales. Reniform small, somewhat kidney-shaped, 
concolorous, outlined in black or brown, ‘The cell between the spots is 
black, and a black line extends beyond the reniform to thet. p. line. A 
black streak or mark extends from the base to the t. a. line, and has 
attached to it a small, black-margined claviform. There is a diffuse 
smoky median shade, variably distinct, which crosses from below the 
reniform close to and parallel with the t. p. line. Secondaries smoky 
fuscous, a little paler basally in the male. Beneath gray, powdery, with a 
_ more or less complete outer line ; secondaries also with a discal spot. 

Expands.—1.20—1.36 inches = 30-34 mm. 

Habitat.—Calgary, Alberta, head of Pine Creek, May 31, June 16; 
mouth of Fish Creek, June 3, at light: Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. 

This is a small species of the size of gravis, with the general Van- 
couverensis type of maculation. The very even colouring on which the 
maculation is neatly written will serve to define this form. Mr. Dod has 
sent me two males and two females, no two exactly alike in colour, yet 
forming a pair of light brown and a pair of dark brown examples. It is 
probable that the range of variation will prove greater than the series 
before me indicates. 

Feltia Hudsonii, n. sp.—Ground colour, pale ashen gray. Head 
varying to brown; without distinct markings. Collar brown, with a black, 
central transverse line, above which is a whitish line: the tip also paler. 
Disk and patagie edged and marked with brownish. Primaries more or 
less suffused with smoky or blackish. The gray shading obtains through 
the costal region, along the inner margin, below the median vein, in the 
subterminal space, and at apex. The orbicular is V-shaped, open to the 
costa, and of the same general gray colour. The reniform is moderate in 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. if sil 








size, oblique, lunate rather than kidney-shaped, pale yellow in colour. 
The claviform extends almost across the median space, is black margined, 
and filled with blackish. The basal line is gray, margined on each side 
by black scales, obvious on the costa, and inwardly oblique through the 
cell. The t. a. line is obvious as an upright, yellowish line through the 
cell. T. p. line gray through the costal area and over the cell; then 
chiefly marked by the contrast between the median and s. t. spaces. S. t. 
line marked only by the contrasting dark terminal space, which is crossed 
by white rays on veins 3 and 4. There is a broken, black terminal line, 
and a yellowish line at the base of the fringes. Secondaries white, be- 
coming smoky at the outer margin, glossy, with white fringes. Beneath, 
primaries smoky, except along the inner margin, where they are white. 
Secondaries white, with.a smoky patch at apex, which tends to form a 
smoky outer margin. 

Expands.—1.28 — 1.40 inches = 32-35 mm. 

ffabitat.—Calgary, Alberta, head of Pine Creek, August 7, 16, at 
light: Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. 

One ¢ and four ? @ are at hand, all in very nice condition. Mr. 
Dod originally sent me this species among, some examples of sazdgothica, 
which it resembles at first sight. It is, however, decidedly smaller, more 
slenderly built throughout, much paler in colour, with white secondaries in 
both sexes. The antennz of the male are less obviously ‘‘ brush-like ” 
than in the allies, and, all together, the new form is perhaps the best 
defined of any in this series. I cannot recollect having seen this from 
any other or previous source. 


Carneades maimes, n. sp.—Ground colour brown, variably tinged from 
luteous to smoky or ferruginous. Head usually of the suffusing tinge, 
without obvious markings. Collar with a black central line, sometimes 
with a white line below it; inferior half of collar pale, contrasting in the 
dark specimens, not differing much in those that run to reddish or luteous. 
Thorax ranging from rusty red-brown to blackish without markings, 
except for a diagonal white line which runs from the costal edge of the 
primaries across the patagia. This is variably distinct, sometimes prom- 
inent ; but always traceable in good specimens. Primaries with all the 
maculation obvious, median vein prominently white ; costal region gray 
powdered or with a luteous tinge ; a distinct yellowish bar from the end 
of the claviform to the t. p. line; ordinary spots prominently pale or 
white-ringed, with usually more or less contrasting centres, Basal line 


132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





white, more or less obvious, edged with black scales, outwardly angled 
on the sub-costal. A blackish shade below median vein at base. T. a. 
line geminate, defining lines black, included shade white or of the palest 
ground ; inner defining line often obscure or wanting; outer line some- 
times wanting, the white included space then alone obvious: in course it 
is inwardly oblique from the costa to the median vein, then a little out- 
curved to the submedian, below which it forms a long outward tooth. 
T. p. line geminate, abruptly bent from costa over the cell, then very 
even, parallel with the outer margin: the inner defining line is black or 
blackish, not contrasting, lunulate, broken ; outer line blackish, even, 
broken on the veins, tending to disappear, remaining longest over the 
costal area ; included space pale, sometimes contrasting, sometimes merg- 
ing into the paler tinting of thes. t. space. S. t. line pale, distinct, very 
slightly irregular, almost lunulate, in some cases relieved by the darker 
terminal space and by preceding black spots and dashes in the s. t. space. 
There is a series of black terminal lunules. Fringes pale, with dusky 
interlines. Claviform black margined and more or less suffused with 
black, extending half-way across the median space. The orbicular varies 
from almost round to an irregular oval, is oblique, white-ringed, the 
upper margin sometimes cut by the pale subcostal, the centre brown or 
luteous. Reniform moderate in size, varying from almost lunate 
to kidney-shaped, pale ringed, the upper and lower edges usually 
broken by. the white vein; centre brewn:. or luteous. Whe 
s. t. space on the whole is paler-than the median space, and 
on veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 pale rays extend to but rarely even 
indent the s. t. line. The apex is pale. A dusky shade is on the costa 
in the s. t. space. The cell is black or blackish around the ordinary 
spots. Secondaries smoky yellow. darkening to blackish outwardly, the 
fringes whitish. Beneath gray, ranging to smoky or to yellowish; both 
wings with a more or less obvious outer smoky shade line; secondaries 
tending to become darker beyond the dark line, and with a small discal 
spot. 


Expands.—1.12 — 1.36 inches = 28 — 34 mm. 
Hlabitat.—Calgary, Alberta, July 27—August 21 (Mr. Dod) ; Colorado, 
July 18 (Mr. Kemp); Brandon, Manitoba (Mr. Hanham). 


Five males and seven females in fair or good condition are before 
me. ‘The species is a variable one, no two specimens at all alike and yet 
evidently all forms of one species. It resembles Aidingsiana, Grt., and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a3 








so I had it until Mr. Dod sent me a series for comparison. Compared 
with the Colorado species this is smaller, darker, less powdery in the 
female, with rays on the veins even less marked. The oblique white line 
on the patagia is seen in some examples of Ridingsiana, and does not 
seem to be distinctive. With the males only at hand I should hardly 
venture to separate this species, though even in this sex there are minor 
differences that seem constant. In the females the distinction is well 
marked, that of mazmes differing little from the male, while in Azdingszana 
all the examples of that sex are paler, more ashen, dusty gray, with less 
contrasting maculation. 

Hadena (Xylophasia) sora, n. sp.—Ground colour a deep, some- 
what rusty red brown. Head may be a little darker. Thorax may be 
blackish on disk of patagiz, the central divided crest lighter. Primaries 
with the maculation all present, but not contrasting. The basal space is a 
little the lightest part of the wing; next comes the s. t. space from the 
middle to the inner margin, and then the apex; but the difference is not 
striking, and is more a mottling with yellowish or gray. The basal line is 
geminate, of the brown ground colour. T.a. line geminate ; the inner 
line obscure, the outer narrow, blackish, the included space a littie paler ; 
as a whole the line is outwardly oblique, a little outcurved in the inter- 
spaces, a longer outcurve from the internal vein to the margin. T. p. line 
lunate or even crenulate, geminate, the outer line more even ; as a whole 
with a moderate outcurve over cell and an even course below. S. t. line 
pale, irregular, forming a small W on veins 3 and 4; emphasized by a 
narrow brown preceding shade and by the dark smoky terminal space. 
There is a series of blackish terminal lunules, beyond which the fringes 
are cut with luteous. In the basal space there is a slender longitudinal 
black line, which runs beneath the sub-median vein, and does not quite 
reach the t. a. line. Claviform small, concolorous, outlined by black 
scales, pointed, giving rise from the tip to a somewhat diffuse black line, 
which extends across the cell to the t. p. line. Orbicular narrow, oval, 
oblique, not well defined, ringed with yellowish, with or without a pale 
centre. Reniform large, a little constricted, incompletely outlined, the 
centre a little smoky. Secondaries smoky brown, a little glossy, the 
fringe more yellowish. Beneath, smoky over a reddish base; both wings 


with a more or less obvious discal spot and a smoky outer shade line or 
band. 
Expands,—1.64 — 1.84 inches = 41 — 46 mm. 


134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











ffabitat.—Calgary, Canada, head of Pine Creek, July 2 and 15: 
Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. 

Two males in good condition. The species is allied to auranticolor 
and Aarnesiz7, but is more even than either, and with a more subdued 
brown colouring. 


Xylophasia ferens, 0. sp.—Head and thorax smoky brown ; head 
with a pale interantennal line ; collar with a black median line over a pale 
line, the tip pale ; the tips of the thoracic tuftings pale. The tibize and 
tarsi are ringed with yellowish. Primaries with all the maculation well 
written, though not contrasting, the central bar connecting the median 
lines in the s. t. interspace being the most conspicuous. ‘There is an 
obscure longitudinal streak, which does not reach the t. a. line at base. 
Basal line geminate, marked by costal spots only. T. a. line geminate, 
outwardly bent in the interspaces and a little outwardly oblique. T. p. 
iine geminate, the outer line obscure and partly punctiform, inner line 
lunulate except in the s. m. interspace. S. t. line pale, broken, a little 
irregular, forming a small W on veins 3 and 4; apex pale. There isa 
series of black terminal lunules. The fringes are brown, cut with pale at 
the ends of the veins. As a whole the terminal space is dark, except at 
the apex, and the subterminal space is lighter except on costa; a black 
mark is on the inner margin near base. A broad black bar through the 
submedian interspace connects the median lines and obscures the clavi- 
form. Orbicular small, oblique, outlined by black scales and ringed by 
white; reniform of moderate size, lunate rather than kidney-shaped ; 
spots paler than the ground, with a central smoky lunule. Between these 
spots the cell is darker, and the tendency is to form a preceding black 
spot. There is a sprinkling of olivaceous scales throughout the wing. 
Secondaries yellowish smoky, darker outwardly, a smoky terminal line, 
fringes yellowish. 

Expands.—1.52 — 1.60 inches = 38 — 4o mm. 

Habitat.—Calgary VII., 11 and 12, head of Pine Creek, Alberta. 

Two good males from Mr. Dod, who has others. At first sight this 
species is very like a//ecto; but closer study shows it to be nearer to 
runata, and, as the genitalia make it a Xylophasia, its separation 
from adlecto is positive. As a Xy/ophasia it is readily distinguished from 
its allies by the broad wings and clean maculation. 


Hadena (Xylophasia) cerivana, Sm.—This is the north-western 
representative of the eastern fimitima, which was at one time considered 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 135 





identical with the European dasi/inea. Recently Dr. Dyar has referred 
cerivana as a variety to the European dasi/inea. A good series, repre- 
senting all three of the species, being now at hand, I am confirmed in my 
previous opinions, and present herewith figures of the ¢ genitalia of each. 
They are drawn to the same scale, with camera lucida and from mounts 
not under pressure. The differences are not great, but they are abso- 
lute, and show our own forms to be more nearly related than either of 
them is to the European form. 


RANCORA, SM. 


Since this genus was described in 1894 a number of examples have 
come to hand that confirm the original generic separation, though in some 
forms the collar may be as hoodlike as in Cucud/ia and the primaries 
nearly as lanceolate. A peculiar ornamental feature, which was not con- 
sidered of importance when only one species was at hand, turns out to be 
quite characteristic and permanent : it is a rigid black line or bar which 
extends through the cell on the under side of the secondaries, from the 
discal spot to the base, and this does not seem to occur in any species of 
Cucullia. 


Some of the species described as belonging to Cucud/ia are better 
referable here, and two new species are at hand. 


Cucullia serraticornis, Lintner, belongs to this genus without reason- 
able doubt, and it is practically certain that matricaria, Behr., is the same 
thing. The type of matricaria is a ¢ inthe Strecker collection and is a 
Rancora without any doubt. It is a fairly well-marked species and has 
white secondaries. 


Cucullia solidaginis, Behr., also belongs to Rancora, and one of the 
specimens now before me is out of the type lot from the Strecker collec- 
tion. One ¢ andtwo @ are from Corvallis, Oregon, taken March and 
April, at light. This is a dull smoky gray(form, with narrow pointed wings 
and a very obvious hood. ‘The maculation is all very obscure and smoky, 
not a clear black line occurring anywhere on the wing. The secondaries 
in the female are very deep smoky brown, and in the male they are smoky 
outwardly, the base dirty white and somewhat translucent. 


Strigata, Sm., is the type of the genus, and is more robust than 
either of the preceding. The thorax is proportionately much heavier, the 
collar does not form a hood in even the best specimens, and the primaries 
are decidedly shorter and broader. The colour is a clear, dark ashen or 


136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





bluish gray, and the maculation is clearly written and black. Dr. Dyar 
can hardly have had both these species before him when he wrote strigata 
as a synonym of so/idaginis. I have three good males under present 
observation from as many localities in Washington, taken in March and 
April. The type came from Victoria, British Columbia. 

Albicinerea is a very bright gray species, the markings smoky, but 
clearly defined. ‘The median. lines are very much better marked than 
usual in this genus, and in one example the t. p. line is completely trace- 
able. The secondaries in the male are smoky throughout and only a 
little paler at base. Three specimens from Alberta and Manitoba are 
at hand. 

Brucei is a sordid ashen gray form in which the transverse maculation 
is nearly all lost and the black streakings are accompanied by rusty brown 
stains. ‘The head and thoracic disk are also rusty brown. The secondaries 
are dull, even, smoky gray. There is only one male, from Garfield 
County, Colorado, elevation 6,000 feet. 


Cucullia albida, Sm., is also a member of this genus, as is proven by 
a male example now before me. It is distinct from all the others by the 
whitish primaries, on which the markings are very faintly written. It is 
almost as much a Cucuddia in wing form as is solidaginis, and, indeed, 
except for the totally different colour, is a closer ally to it than to any 
other species in this genus. 

In sexual structures the males are very much alike. In all cases there 
is a rather slender harpe coming to an oblique or acute point, and there is 
a long, curved, corneous hook as a clasper. ‘The structure is distinctive 
for each; but the similarity is obvious. In the antennal structure, also, 
there is no striking difference between the species. 


Rancora Brucei, n. sp—Ground colour a dull, powdery, ashen 
gray. Front, centre of collar, disk of thorax and dorsal tuftings of the 
abdomen tinged with rusty; other thoracic parts a little paler gray ; 
powdery. Primaries with the transverse maculation practically obsolete. 
‘The t. a. line is barely indicated by a slightly darker tooth in the sub- 
median interspace. ‘There is a short black streak on the inner margin 
near the base. There is a slender, continuous black line through the sub- 
median interspace from the base to the s. t. space, and this line is a little 
relieved by accompanying pale scales. There is a distinct black curved 
streak above the inner angle, and this is margined with rusty brown. 
Smaller, less conspicuous streaks are in the two following interspaces, and 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137 





another prominent black, brown-bordered streak is in the space between 
veins 4 and 5 ; small, brown-shaded streaks follow to the apex. There is 
a narrow pale line at the base of the fringes, which ‘are cut with smoky 
brown. The ordinary spots are indicated by two pale cloudings con- 
nected by a very narrow black loop. Secondaries dull, smoky gray, 
the fringes white at apex. Beneath, powdery gray, primaries darker on 
disk, with a smoky, discal spot: secondaries more powdery along the 
costal area, and with the characteristic black line in the cell. 

Expands.—1.84 inches = 46 mm. 

Habitat.—Garfield County, Colorado, 6,000 feet ; David Bruce. 


One good male received some years ago. I had considered this a 
washed-out sfriga¢a, and it is quite possible that specimens are in collec- 
tions under that name. I am pleased to dedicate so good a species to so 
good a collector. 


Rancora albicinerea, 0. sp.—Ground colour whitish ash-gray. Head 
barred and mottled with white and smoky. Collar with a black, trans- 
verse line at lower third, below which the colour is smoky, and above 
which there is a smoky line before and at the tip. Disk of thorax smoky 
brown or blackish : dorsal tufts of abdomen also brown or black. On the 
primaries the maculation is clearly traceable. Basal line indicated on the 
costa only. TT. a. line smoky, single, a little diffuse, irregular across the 
costal space, forms a long tooth in the submedian interspace and a shorter 
one above the margin. ‘here is a slender black basal line, which enters 
into the tooth of the t. a. line, but does not cross it. ‘T. p. line forms a 
geminate smoky mark on costa, is faintly traceable in a wide curve over 
the cell, becomes conspicuous below vein 2, and extends obliquely inward 
from vein. ‘There isa series of interspaceal black dashes; those be- 
tween veins r and 2 and 4 and 5 the longest ; the lines accompanied by a 
smoky shading. At the base of the fringes is a series of blackish spots 
with a gray centre. A median shade is indicated by a curved smoky 
mark from costa over the reniform. The ordinary spots are very faintly 
and incompletely indicated by narrow, black or smoky curved marks. 
Secondaries smoky, a little paler at base, fringes white. Beneath gray, 
powdery ; secondaries with the usual black mark and bar. 

Expands.—1.68 — 1.76 inches = 42 — 44 mm. 

Habitat.—Calgary, Alberta, April 24, at sallows, head of Pine Creek, 
No. 34 (Mr. Dod); Rounthwaite and Boucher, Manitoba, end of April. 

Three male specimens, of which those from Manitoba came to me 


158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





from Dr. Fletcher. All are in good condition and indicate a clear-cut 
species. On the under side of the cell there is a very dense clothing of 
long fine hair, which is present in the males of the other species, but is 
not so well marked. It should be noted that all these species are early 
fliers, and are on the wing as soon as the season opens. Marchand April 
are the dates for such as have any attached. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4. 


_ 


Harpe and clasper of g¢ Acronycta tartarea. 


2. aH " non & Noctua Trumani, 
Sui Bel " 1 1  & Eueretagrotis inattenta. 
An ean " 1 ug Scopelosoma Colorado. 
5. " " " » & Hadena finitima. 
6. " " " " re " cerivana. 
vf " " " me " basilinea. 
8. " " " 0 6 " runata. 
9. " " " tp Lies " ferens. 
IO. " " " nog " allecto. 
5 " 1 «  & Rancora solidaginis. 
12. " " Cie Bh ses " strigata. 
13. " " " n " albicinerea. 
14. " " he uta ich " albida. 
15; " " " ae Ss " Brucei. 


Eueretagrotis inattenta and Scopelosoma Colorado are not mentioned 
in this paper, but have been recently described from this same general 
faunal region. 


THE TOMB OF THOMAS SAY. 


I have just noticed Prof. Webster’s note on the tomb of Thomas Say, 
and it may be of interest to your readers to know that I have recently 
visited New Harmony, Ind., and met Mr. John Corbin, the owner of the 
old Maclure home, where stands the tomb of the father of American 
descriptive entomology. Mr. Corbin, as Prof. Webster states, is much 
interested in the proper preservation of this tomb, and is much interested 
also in the history of Thomas Say. In fact, I found many people in the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 





little village of New Harmony who knew about Say, and who were dis- 
tinctly of the opinion that his residence in their village sheds lustre on its 
history. The village library is an admirable one, housed in a beautiful 
building, and among the treasures of the library are certain of Say’s manu- 
scripts, among others, one written upon the day of his death.—L. O. 
Howarp, Washington, D. C. 





NOTE ON THE GENERIC TITLE TRIFURCULA. 


BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


In my “ Descent of the Pierids,” Jan., tg00, I have used Zrdfurcuda, 
Staud., Iris., VII., 56, for a genus of Andean Pierids, but this name is 
preoccupied in the Lepidoptera by Zeller, 1848, Staud. & Rebel, Cat. IT., 
Pe 2en. 

Staudinger states (Il. c.) that he had at first named the genus 
Piercolias, so this name, though open to criticism, should be used for 
the Pierid genus with the type Awanaco, Staud. The morphological 
value of the neurational character of the primaries of Prerco/ias, which 
led Staudinger to choose the name 7Z7ifurcu/a, does not seem to have 
been appreciated by him. The gradual progress of Rz towards the 
apices, and of M2 towards the Radius, brings these branchlets in 
juxtaposition. 





SPINNING METHODS OF TELEA POLYPHEMUS. 


In reply to the query suggested by Prof. Grote, in the April 
number of the ENroMoLocist (page 110), with reference to the spinning 
methods of Telea, I have discussed the subject with Dr. Fletcher, 
whose opinion is that only some of the cocoons are so suspended, but 
recent search has decided me that in this locality this is the case with 
the majority. 

On April znd I found two cocoons on a small willow bush, one 
suspended, with the leaves firmly attached to the stem; the other 
had been spun between the overhanging sides of a large leaf that 
had fallen across the limb, thus forming a complete canopy, but the 
cocoon was firmly fastened to the twig with a lot of silk. Diligent 
search amongst the leaves on the ground failed to reveal any fallen 
cocoons. On April 8th I found two cocoons, both suspended on a wild 
currant bush, and though there was a pile of dry straw lying against the 


140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








bush, which would have afforded a splendid harbour for the larva, yet no 
signs of any cocoon or silk were found on it. 

In all cases where I have bred Telea they have attached the Jeaves 
and cocoon to the stem with a silken band, which usually entirely 
surrounds the stem for a distance of over an inch. 

I have collected from 2 to 4 dozen of these cocoons each winter for 
the past three years, and occasionally have found them only very 
insecurely attached, but in every case where they have been spun 
amidst a bunch of fallen leaves, they have had the added protection of 
being fastened to some twig. 

Last fall I discovered two cocoons, from which the moths had 
prematurely emerged, and these were both securely fastened to the end 
of the twigs. 

I shall read with interest all contributions on the subject, as this 


peculiarity may only apply to western America. 
J. Wm. Cock eg, Kaslo, B. C. 


BOOK NOTICES. 


A last or NortH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA, and Key to the Literature 
of this Order of Insects.—By Harrison G. Dyar, Ph. D. Bulletin of 
the United States National Museum, No. 52. Washington, D. C., 
Government Printing Office, 1902. 1 vol. 8vo.; pp., xXIX., 723. 


Students of Lepidoptera throughout North America have been 
looking forward with great interest to the publication of Dr. Dyar’s 
List, and have been full of hope, that it would afford them an 
authoritative and final settlement of the nomenclature of our butterflies 
and moths, which for many years has been in a state of change and 
instability. We fear that this hope will be seriously disappointed. 
The changes in many instances appear so arbitrary, the multiplication of 
genera so inordinate, the absolute extinction of many familiar names so 
far from necessary, that the ordinary student will feel much hesitation in 
adopting this List as his guide, and unlearning so much that he has known 
regarding the names of his specimens. He will naturally be inclined to 
think that the List cannot be final, and that it will be safer for him to wait 
for further developments before he changes a large proportion of the labels 
in his cabinet and fills his notebooks with new names, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141 








Since its publication in 18gr, Prof. J. B. Smith’s List has been 
generally adopted, and most collections are labelled in accordance with it. 
Some changes in generic names have here and there been accepted, and 
specific-names have in various cases been dropped into synonymy, their 
places being taken by others whose authority has been established. These 
changes, however, have not been numerous, and their propriety has 
usually been made evident. In the new List, to take the butterflies alone, 
we find that Dr. Dyar gives 652 species, and divides them into no less 
than 158 genera. Dr. Skinner’s List, in 1898, gave 645 species and 65 
genera, and Prof. Smith’s, 640 species and 74 genera. While the number 
of species has been very slightly increased, the number of genera is more 
than doubled. 


These generic names, set forth by Dr. Dyar, are, for the most part, 
those of Hubner and Dr. Scudder. Thirty years ago controversy raged 
over the adoption of Hubner’s names and those contained in Dr. 
Scudder’s “Systematic Revision of some of the North American 
Butterflies.” Mr. W. H. Edwards, author of the magnificent work on 
““The Butterflies of North America,” led what may be called the 
conservative party, while those who favoured the revolution ranged 
themselves under the banner of Dr. Scudder. In process of time the 
conflict died out, and many of the names so strongly objected to were 
adopted by common consent, while others were dropped, even by Dr. 
Scudder himself in his subsequent grand work on “ The Butterflies of the 
Eastern United States and Canada.” In the List before us, Dr. Dyar has 
not implicitly followed Dr. Scudder’s final work, but has made a certain 
number of changes even from it. He may be abundantly justified by 
“the laws of priority ” in nearly all that he has done—we cannot pretend 
to have such a knowledge of the literature as would permit us to deny it 
—-but it seems a pity that genera should be split up where structural 
differences do not require it, merely because Hubner set forth a variety of 
names more than a century ago. 


The list is admirably printed, and provides a most welcome reference 
to the literature of the subject in the case of every genus and species, but 
we must complain that no mention is made of the familiar generic names 
that have been dropped, which surely might have been recorded as 
synonyms. Such old-established names as Pieris, Colias, Melitza, 
Grapta, Pyrameis, Lycena, Callimorpha, Hydicecia and others have 
disappeared, and are not even to be found in the very comprehensive 


142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





index. This is a great misfortune, as the rising generation of entomolo- 
gists who accept this book will have nothing by which to connect the new 
designations with those employed in the older literature. 

Time and space will not permit us to discuss the larger field of the 
Heterocera. Many, no doubt, will be surprised at the arrangement 
of families, which places the Notodontide, Bombycide, etc., between the 
Noctuide and Geometride. The restoration of the Papilionide to the 
head of the Lepidoptera has been futly justified by Prof. Grote. 

The preparation of this list has evidently involved a very large 
expenditure of time and labour, and we must all acknowledge that the 
author has placed us under a deep debt of obligation to him. The 
work, notwithstanding any criticisms that may be passed upon it, 
is an extremely valuable one, and will be found by its possessors to be 
most useful, and, indeed, indispensable. Though we may not agree with 
it on all points, we must admit its excellence and importance, and we beg 
to congratulate the author on his achievement, and thank him for what he 
has accomplished. Our hearty thanks are also due to the Smithsonian 
Institution for its generosity in issuing the work free of charge. 

By a strange oversight the CANADIAN ENToMmoLocisT has been 
omitted from the periodicals in the list of works quoted, though it is 
referred to on nearly every page of the book. 


ELEMENTARY STUDIES IN INSEcY LireE.—By Samuel J. Hunter, Univer- 
sity of Kansas. Crane & Company, publishers, Topeka, Kansas. 
t vol., SV0., -pp..344.- 04 Price, Gr.25:) 

We are glad to welcome a book from the West that aims at popular- 
izing the study of Entomology. Prof. Hunter’s object is ‘‘ to induce the 
student to become acquainted, through personal observations in the field 
and laboratory, with some of the important biological problems presented 
by insects.” He carries out his plan in a series of well-illustrated chapters 
dealing with the lives of some typical insects, their special senses and pro- 
tective devices, those that live solitary or social lives, their instincts and 
their relations to plants ; these are followed by short descriptions of injuri- 
ous and beneficial insects, and of the principal orders, and some remarks 
upon their geographical distribution and their struggle for life. The re- 
mainder of the book gives instructions for forming a collection, for breed- 
ing specimens in order to observe their life-history and for laboratory work 
for the study of their structure. The volume is profusely illustrated with 
two plates and over 250 figures, most of which are original and excellent. 
It will no doubt be found of much service by beginners in the pursuit of 
Entomology and by teachers who are called upon to give instruction in 
Nature Study. 





Mailed May 2nd, 1903. 





a0e, 


‘& ; 
Cavs 





hantesis ornata (male). Apantesis ornata (female). Apantesis ornata, 
phyllira. a phalerata (female). var. achatia. 
Nevadensis, gs oa a rectilinea. 
var. incorrupta (male). BC es (male). BG obliterata. 
‘f ae ee OQuenselii, 
“ (female). sie superba. var. /urbans (male). 
ag celia. ee Williamstz, SG OG 
Williamsii, var. determinata (male). oe ‘* (female). 


var. determinata (female). os ‘* (melanic male). 





Ue Hanadiay Hntomalogist 











VoL. XXXV. LONDON, JUNE, -1903; No. 6 











PESTS (ARCTIA), WITH, SPECIAL RERERENCE 
TOSTAEAAR VA. 
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL 
FARM, OTTAWA. 
(Continued from page 123.) 


9. QUENSELII, var. TURBANS.—Probably one of the most interesting 
surprises we have had since studying these insects, is the fact that the 
form just mentioned has been taken, and not uncommonly, for some * 
seasons, at several points in Manitoba and the Northwest Territories. 
The first specimens we examined were collected ‘‘at light” at Calgary, by 
Mr. T. N. Willing. Afterwards Mr. F. H. Wolley-Dod, of Millarville, 
Alta., forwarded us a beautiful series of nine specimens for study, and 
Mr. Norman Criddle, of Aweme, Man., also was good enough to send us 
four examples. Besides these 13, Mr. Willing forwarded seven specimens. 
While in Washington, in December, 1902, Dr. Fletcher submitted a series 
of the moths to Dr. Dyar, who compared them with the original descrip- 
tion of turbans, afterwards expressing himself as certain that our 
Northwestern form was this variety of guense/iz. 

The 20 specimens before me are fairly uniform, and have a wing 
expanse of 26-35 mm. None of them show any traces of spots or 
markings on the secondaries other than those shown in the specimens on 
the accompanying plate. The markings on the primaries vary chiefly in 
width, but the three specimens figured give a good idea of the moth. 
Only one specimen shows any departure, and in this, as will be seen by 
the photograph, there is a decided tendency to melanism, but only, 
however, on the primaries. The secondaries of all the males, excepting 
two, are distinctly yellow, the same colour as wrguncula, and the 
marginal markings are remarkably uniform and distinct, with no tendency 
whatever to melanism. ‘The hind wings of the females are likewise 
yellow, with the exception of those of two specimens which are orange, 





144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





the same as the two males. The moths remind one, somewhat, of 
virguncula, and have been so labelled by some students. They are, 
however, easily separated from that species, being smaller, and having 
more white markings on the primaries. 

Mr. Wolley-Dod says that the moths are “ very common during dry 
seasons, less so of late years,” and that the reddish tinge on the second- 
aries seems unusual. He also says that the larva feeds chiefly on what he 
believes to be Gadium, the imagoes appearing about the end of July and 
in August. I hope that western collectors will be on the lookout for 
females of this interesting Arctian, and try to obtain eggs so that we may 
learn something of its life-history. 

Distribution.— Olds, Alta., August 9, 11 (Willing); Sylvan Glade, 
near Olds, Alta., Aug. 26 (Willing); Calgary, Alta., Aug. 7 (Willing); July 
29, 30 (bred), Aug. 3 (bred), 5, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18 (Wolley-Dod); Aweme, 
Man. (Criddle). 

ro. OpLirERATA.—While Dr. Dyar was examining the specimens of 
quenselii, var. turbans, just referred to, he made the discovery that one of 
Mr. Wolley-Dod’s examples, which we had associated with that form, was 
the lost species od/iterata. The noticeable differences between this 
specimen and the others are, as is shown on the plate, the presence of two 
additional discal spots on the secondaries, and a dark dash leading to the 
base of the wing. The colour of the secondaries is orange, the same as 
in some specimens of turbans. It would appear that od/?terata may be 
only a variety of turbans, but of course further investigation is needed, 
and I trust the opportunity will come to some one living where turbans 
occurs. 

Distribution.—Calgary, Alta., Aug. 15 (Wolley-Dod). 

11. BoLANDERI.—A single ¢ collected at Aweme, Man., by Mr. 
Criddle, has been so named by Dr. Dyar. This Arctian is given in Dr. 
Dyar’s new catalogue as a synonym of SZakei, and the specimen in 
question agrees very well with the figure of A/akei on Plate V., Proc. Ent. 
Soc. Philad., Vol. III. ‘Three 2 moths received from Mr. Wolley-Dod, 
and collected at Calgary, Alta., which we cannot exactly place, come very 
close to Mr. Criddle’s specimen, but are larger. Dr. Dyar has published 
the life-history of Bo/anderi in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of 
Natural History, Vol. XX VI., and describes the larva* as ‘ black, dorsal 





*jour. N. Y. Ent, Soc., Vol. VIII., p: 46. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 





band vermilion red, pale in the incisures; segments white dotted 
posteriorly; wart ui bright red at base, the subventral warts pale. Hair 
stiff, reddish subventrally.” Our Canadian form ought to be bred to see 
if the larvee agree with those studied by Dr. Dyar. Doubtless the species 
will have to be gone over several times before we can get a true 
knowledge of its variations. 

Distribution.—Aweme, Man. (Criddle). 


12. NEVADENSIS, var, INCORRUPTA.—This is another Arctian which 
we did not know occurred in Canada. It also has been found in the 
West, the only specimens we know of having been collected at Calgary, 
Alta., and Aweme, Man. The to examples we have examined (76, 32) 
are very similar in markings and do not show any variation other than 
that appearing on the accompanying plate. The moth is an attractive 
one, the colour of the secondaries of all the specimens being almost a 
poppy-red, or rose vermilion. The colour of the abdomen above is the 
same as that of the hind wings, excepting at the tip, where it is a cream 
colour, as is also the ventral surface, excepting in the 3 9 and 1 ¢ which 
have the under surface of the abdomen black with the posterior edge of 
each segment ringed with white. A dorsal and a lateral row of black 
spots occur on all the specimens, and in those which have the segments 
drawn closely together these appear as wide bands. A single 2 Arctian 
(collected June 28) received from Mr. Wolley-Dod, with the primaries 
marked as in zucorrupta, had pure black secondaries, as well as a black 
body. I do not know of anything having been published on the earlier 
stages of ¢ucorrupta, and any information on the life-history would be 
very welcome. Dr. Dyar, in his description of the larva of superba, as 
hereafter mentioned, stated that he thought this to be that of czcorrupta. 
This shows that much work is to be done yet before we can acquire 
definite knowledge. Mr. Coquillett describes the larva of Vevadensis as 
black, with a broken, dull white dorsal line, warts gray, the hairs varying 
in colour (mixed black and reddish or black and yellowish). 

Distribution.—Arcola, Assa., Aug. 20 (Willing); Calgary, Alta., 
Aug. 7 (Willing); July 7, 30 (bred), Aug. 6 (Wolley-Dod); Aweme, Man., 
Aug. 1, 5 (Criddle). 

13. SUPERBA.—The only examples of this form. which we have seen 
were collected on Vancouver Island. In the “ Bulletin of the Natural 
History Society of British Columbia,” 1893, is a list, by Mr. W. H. Danby, 
of Lepidoptera collected in British Columbia, and in this list saperda is 


146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








noted as ‘occurring everywhere.” Recent collectors, however, report it as 
scarce. While in New York in December last, Dr. Fletcher compared the 
specimen figured, with the type of swperba in the American Museum of 
Natural History. Dr. Dyar in his list places swperba as a variety of 
Nevadensis, and in a recent paper* describes the larva as follows : 
“ Head shining black, labrum yellowish, antenngz pale, pinkish at base ; 
width 3.3 mm. Body black, thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones 
pinkish, pale. Warts large, normal, arctiiform, i. and ii. with shining bases, 
i. over half as large as 11., which is elongate. Hair abundant, bristly, 
sparsely barbuled, rather short before, long on joints 12 and 13 ; most of 
the hair from wart 1. and a few on the sides of ii. are yellow, below this 
jet-black mixed with white, mostly white from warts iv. to vi. Warts iil. 
orange, the rest black. A light yellow dorsal line, broken into three 
spots on each segment, distinct, most of them lanceolate ; a line on joints 
2 and 3; no shields ; joint 2 with little warts, normal. A variety had the 
dorsal line nearly obsolete, composed of a few dots; wart i. black like 
others. Hairs nearly all yellow, only a few black ones mixed ; some 
longer white ones postefiorly.” To this description is added ‘I think, 
however, that this is the larva of A. inmcorrupta, of which I have only 
maies.” 

It is to be hoped that British Columbian collectors will endeavor to 
work out the cOmplete life-history of this interesting form. The moths 
may be much commoner than we imagine. Many of our western Arctians 
run very close together, and large series of the moths should be bred 
from eggs, with the female which laid them correctly associated. 

Distribution.—Victoria, B. C., July 9, 11 (Anderson) ; Hampson 
gives Fraser R. (St. John) and Vancouver Island as localities for this 
insect. 

14. WILLIAMSII, var. DETERMINATA.—Specimens of the typical form 
of A. Williamsiz, Dodge, must be very rare. All the specimens we have, 
and those which have been loaned by correspondents, have proved to be 
the variety determinata. Dr. Fletcher submitted a good series of the 
moths to Dr. Dyar, who named them all determinata. This form is 
reported as the commonest Arctian in Manitoba and the Northwest. Dr. 
Fletcher has coilected numbers of specimens, and Mr. F. H. Wolley-Dod, 
of Millarville, Alta.,° reports that determinata is “apparently the most 





*Proc, U. S. Nat. Museum, Vol. XXV., 1902) p. 372: 


fad 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 





regularly common species of the genus. Have taken it most commonly 
at light, end June and July, but have seen it flying in sunshine.” None 
of those we have examined agree with Dodge’s figure of Wi//iamszi, 
admittedly not correct, in Can. Ent., Vol. III., p. 167, every specimen 
having the extra transverse band on the primaries. During the past 
summer Mr. A. J. Dennis, of Beulah, Man., kindly sent me a batch of 
eggs of Williamsii, var. determinata; but, unfortunately, only two of 
them hatched. These eggs were laid about the rst July, and hatched on 
the gth. The two larve reached Stage VI.; one has since died, but the 
other is now hibernating. The notes on the six stages, presented here- 
with, are, I believe, the only knowledge we have of the larve. In 1885, on 
May 31, Dr. Fletcher found one larva on Erigeron filifolius, Nutt., at 
Kamioops, B. C., the moth emerging Aug. 1; other larvae were seen 
under stones, and at Spence’s Bridge, B, C. (June 1), on Senecio. 


Stage J,—Length at first 1.8 mm., colour dirty whitish, after feeding 
greenish. Head o.3 mm. wide, dark, slightly bilobed ; mouth-parts 
reddish. On each segment of body is the usual row of transverse 
tubercles ; these are black and shiny. Cervical shield black. Bristles long 
and slender, those from tubercles on dorsum black, from the lateral 
tubercles silvery and longer than the black bristles. Tubercle i. small, il. 
very large, ili, iv. and v. nearly same size. Bristles finely barbed. 
Tubercles ii, iii, iv. and v. are surrounded with brownish-red. Feet 
concolorous, marked exteriorly with brown. Three days after hatching a 
pale blue dorsal stripe was discernible. 


Stage 77.—Length 4.5 mm. Head 0.5 mm. wide, brown, darker at 
apex, ocelli black. The larve in general appearance are brownish, but 
under a lens the skin from the inside edge of tubercle i. to the lower edge 
of ii. is seen to be reddish-brown, except at intersegmental folds where it 
is greenish; with a medio-dorsal stripe of pale blue. The skin between ii. 
and iii, ili. and iv., iv. and v. and v. and vi. is yellowish, or greenish- 
yellow, paler subventrally, blotched with reddish-brown, Tubercles 
black, i. very small, ii. large, ili, and iv. about same size, v. smaller than 
iv., and vi. smaller than v. Bristles from 1., ii. and iii. nearly all black, 
only a few silvery ones from iv., and from lower tubercles silvery. Bristles 
faintly barbed, of varying lengths, the silvery ones slender and longest. 
Spiracles small, black, close in front of tubercle iv. Feet concolorous, 
semi-translucent, darkened exteriorly. 


148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Stage [//.—Length 5.5 mm. Head o.7 mm. wide, blackish. The, 
two larvee in this Stage do not show any difference from Stage II. The 
general colour is the same, as is also the pale blue dorsal stripe, and the 
yellowish colour of the skin between tubercles il. and iil, ii. and iv., iv. 
and vy. and v. and vi., shading to greenish subventrally. Tubercles black 
and shiny; bristles as before, the black ones mostly from i., i. and iil., 
and the silvery or slightly rusty bristles from iv. and lower tubercles. 
Thoracic feet blackish, shiny; prolegs, upper portion blackish, lower 
portion pale. 

Stage /V.—Length 9.5 mm. Head o.9 mm. wide, black with 
exception of a pale brownish space on cheek above ocelli. The general 
appearance of the larvee in this Stage is darker than in Stage III. The 
skin of dorsum is mostly blackish, and shades to blackish-gray subven- 
trally. The dorsal stripe is conspicuous, and now almost a cream colour. 
The yellowish blotches along the sides are still present and the series 
between ii. and ili. appears almost as a lateral stripe. The tubercles and 
bristles are as in last Stage. Spiracles small, black, close in front of the 
lower edge of tubercle iv. Thoracic feet black; prolegs, upper half 
blackish, lower half paler. 

Stage V—Length 12.5 mm, Head 1.2 mm. wide, black, shiny. 
Body in general appearance blackish. Skin on dorsum grayish, mottled 
and blotched with velvety black. Skin on sides yellowish-gray and also 
blotched with black, but not so heavily marked as on dorsum. Venter 
much paler than dorsum. Dorsal stripe conspicuous, yellowish, creamy at 
intersegmental folds. Tubercles black, shiny. Between tubercles ii. and 
lil. is a distinct lateral band of pale yellow. The whole of tubercle ii. on 
the inside is margined with pale yellow. The skin between iii. and iv. 
and iv. and v. is also rather intensely yellow. Spiracies black close in 
front of iv. Each tubercle has a bunch of barbed bristles, those from i. 
ii. and ili. being black, while those from iv. and lower tubercles are 
mostly pale rusty. The dorsal tubercles on segments 12 and 13 bear a 
few very long slender bristles, which are pale grayish at tips. ‘Thoracic 
feet shiny, black. 

Stage V7.—Length 14 mm. Head 1.6 mm. wide, subquadrate, 
slightly bilobed, black, excepting just above ocelli, where there is a pale 
brownish patch with dark mottlings ; hairs on face black, of varying 
lengths ; mouth-parts reddish. Body black, shading to grayish-black 
ventrally. Under a lens, the skin is grayish mottled with velvety black, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 








especially on the dorsum. Dorsal stripe, orange-yellow, whitish at 
intersegmental folds. Tubercles as before, 1. about one-fifth the size of 
ii., which has a polished base. ‘The lateral band between ii. and ill. is as 
before, same colour, but not so bright as the dorsal stripe. The skin 
between i. and iv, and iv. and v. is also yellowish, as in last Stage. 
Bristles from tubercles 1., il. and 111., and mostly from iv., black; only a 
few pale rusty bristles from iv.; from vy. and lower tubercles the bristles 
are all pale rusty. Thoracic feet black, shiny; prolegs dark, tinged with 
dull red. 

The @ moth which laid the eggs has since been received and labelled 
by Dr. Dyar “We//iamsiz, var. determinata.” It is shown on the plate 
herewith, as well as a typical¢. As this Arctian is so common where it 
occurs, I trust that our western friends will secure eggs the coming 
season, so that we may get further light on this interesting species. It 
seems strange that of all the specimens of deferminata we have examined 
(30), only two are females, and these two, if it were not for the additional 
transverse bar on the primaries,would agree remarkably well with Dodge’s 
figure of Widitamsiz. 

Distribution.—Kamloops, B. C., Aug. 1, bred (Fletcher); High 
River, Alta. (J. Baird); Calgary, Alta., June 21, 23, July 14, 16, 23 
(Wolley-Dod); Aug. 7 (Willing); Prince Albert, Sask., July 6 (Fletcher); 
Alameda, Assa., July 9 (Willing); Carnduff, Assa., July 6 (Willing); Cart- 
wright, Man., June 21, 29, July 3-15 (Heath); Aweme, Man. (Criddle); 
Beulah, Man., July 1, 6, 15 (Dennis); Elkhorn, Man., July 8 (Fletcher); 
Ignace, Ont., July rg (Fletcher); Sudbury, Ont., July 18 (Evans). 

15. PHyLLIRA.—As mentioned, this Arctian is thought by some to 
be the same as rectilinea. True phyllira has not the veins of the 
primaries lined, whereas in true rectz/inea these are conspicuously lined 
(see plate). The only Canadian specimens I have seen of phyl/ira were 
collected at London, Ont. We have received other records of the 
capture of this insect in Ontario, but have not seen the specimens, and 
these records are included on the authority of the collectors themselves. 
The species is, I believe, southern in its range. The life-history has been 
published by Packard, and, as previously mentioned, our larve of 
rectilinea answered very well to Packard’s description of phylltira. 
Further breeding will have to be done, however, before definite informa- 
tion can be had regarding both these forms, which now have recognized 
specific names, 


150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Distribution.—London, Ont. (Geo. Anderson); July 6 (A. P. 

Saunders); Sept. 6 (H. S. Saunders)*; Orillia, Ont., June 28, July 5 
(Grant). 
16. Cexnia.—Through the kindness of Dr. Bethune, who has 
generously presented the original type of ce/za to the Division of 
Entomology, we are abie to figure it on the plate accompanying this 
article. It will be noticed that the photographs of ce/ia and 
determinata g are very much the same, but the moths themselves seem 
quite distinct, although it is difficult to describe the differences. Five 
specimens of cedia are before me, and none of them are anything like 
phyllira, of which cedia has often been referred to as a synonym. All the 
five specimens, four of which were submitted to Dr. Dyar, are smaller 
than the type, and show a decided tendency to melanism. A single egg 
of celia was obtained by Mr. C. H. Young, from a female moth which he 
collected at Meech Lake, Que. (near Ottawa), This egg, which was laid 
on May 27 and hatched June 9, he kindly gave to the writer, who reared 
the larva through six moults. After reaching Stage VII. and feeding for 
some days it went into hibernation. When examined later, however, it 
was noticed that a disease had attacked the specimen, so it was killed 
and inflated. As will be seen from the following notes on the larval 
stages, our specimen was a fairly large caterpillar, and not at all like the 
larva of phyllira as published by Packard. Saunders’s description of the 
mature larva of ce/ia agrees very well with our notes on Stage VII. as given 
below. Further investigation, however, is needed. The full-grown larva 
described by Saunders was found under a log in a wood near London, 
Ont., on June rr. 

Stage Z.—Length newly- hatched, 2 mm. Colour at first dirty 
creamy white, after feeding greenish, with a tinge of brown. Head 0.3 
mm. wide, shiny; cheeks almost wholly black, just above ocelli pale 
brownish ; clypeus and lower portion of face pale brownish ; mouth-parts 
blackish. On each segment is a transverse row of black tubercles, 1. 
almost half the size of ii., which is the largest, iii. nearly as large as 11, iv. 
about same size as iii. Cervical shield dark brown, bearing the usual 8 
tubercles. Skin of body smooth, shiny. Sete from dorsal and upper 
lateral series of tubercles mostly black, only a few silvery bristles; from 
remaining tubercles, silvery. Bristles finely barbed. Thoracic feet 
slightly darker than body ; prolegs concolorous. 











*Can, EnT., Vol. XXI., p. 60. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Heal 








Stage J7,—General colour dull reddish-brown, with a faint pale 
dorsal stripe, the food showing through front segments giving a greenish 
appearance to anterior portion of larva. Head 0.5 mm. wide; cheeks 
black ; median suture pale ; clypeus, with exception of centre, pale, as is 
also space above ocelli. Skin of body surrounding tubercle i. and lateral 
tubercles, more or less reddish-brown ; skin at joints of segments green. 
Ventral surface green. Tubercles black, shiny. The skin between the two 
tubercles i. shows up against the reddish-brown surrounding il., as a faint 
dorsal stripe. Bristles from dorsal tubercles black ; from iv. and lower 
tubercles pale. On segments 12 and 13 are a few longer black hairs. 
Spiracles very small, black, close to tubercle iv. All the feet slightly 
darker than venter. 

Stage /77.—Length 5.5 mm. Head o.8 mm. wide, as_ before. 
Cervical shield biack, shiny. Skin of body much as in last Stage, 
reddish-brown. Dorsal stripe pale yellow, even, distinct on all segments. 
Tubercles black, shiny, 1. with a polished base; bristles barbed. 
Bunches of black bristles, with a few yellowish ones, from tubercles ii. 
and iii., only a few bristles from 1. Lower bristles from iv. pale yellowish 
or a reddish tinge, from upper half of iv. black ; from tubercles below iv. 
all pale. Skin of body between iii. and iv., iv. and v, and below v., 
reddish. Ventral surface paler than dorsal. Spiracles small and black. 
Thoracic feet blackish ; prolegs concolorous with venter inside, but 
blackish outside. 

Stage 7V.—Length 7 mm. Head 1.0 mm. wide, black, shiny, 
median suture and space on cheek above ocelli, pale brownish ; hairs on 
face mostly dark. Body dark brownish, mottled and splashed with 
velvety black. Dorsal stripe reddish-yellow, rather indistinct. The 
colour of the skin along the sides immediately below tubercles ii., iil., iv. 
and v. is orange, giving the appearance of series of. dashes of that 
colour. ‘Tubercles as before. Bristles from all the tubercles mostly 
black; only a few, comparatively speaking, are pale. Spiracles black, 
almost touching anterior edge of tubercle iv. Feet as before. 

Stage V.—Length 12.5 mm. Head 1.4 mm. wide, as in last Stage. 
Skin of body black, with exception of orange-red dashes above tubercles 
lii., iv., v. and vi.; these are not conspicuous. Dorsal stripe has almost 
disappeared, only a faint trace of it now. ‘Tubercles black, shining, ii. 
with a polished base. Venter not so dark as dorsum. Spiracles black, 
close in front of tubercle iv, Bristles from tubercles i., il. and iil, black, 


152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








from other tubercles mostly black, with a few pale yellowish-red ones 
intermingled. Thoracic feet jet-black, shiny; prolegs exteriorly, upper 
two-thirds black, shiny, lower third reddish. Later in the Stage the skin 
loses its black intensity, and becomes more of a dark reddish-brown, 
blotched with gray and black, and the orange-red dashes on sides become 
more conspicuous. 

Stage V7.—Length 18 mm. Head 1.9 mm. wide, black, shiny, 
epistoma sordid white. Body almost wholly black, no dorsal stripe now. 
The skin immediately between tubercles iil. and iv., iv. and v. and v. and 
vi. is now only faintly reddish. ‘Tubercles black, shiny, ii. with a broad 
polished base. All the bristles from the tubercles are black, with the 
exception of a few pale reddish ones from tubercles vi., vil. and vill. 
Spiracles black, touching anterior edge of tubercle iv. Thoracic feet 
black ; prolegs reddish. 

Stage V/7.—Length 25 mm. Head 2.6 mm. wide, subquadrate, 
very slightly bilobed, black, shiny; posterior median space of cheek 
brownish ; epistoma whitish ; mouth-parts reddish ; hairs on face black. 
Skin of body wholly velvety black. Tubercles black, shiny, large and 
conspicuous, i. nearly one-quarter the size of il., 11. with a broad polished 
base, iii. smaller than ii. Each tubercle above the spiracles has a bunch 
of black, finely-barbed bristles, of varying lengths. The only rusty 
bristles are from tubercles v., vi, vil. and viil., and these are a dark 
rust-red. The dorsal tubercles on segments 12 and 13 bear a few extra 
long bristles. Spiracles wholly black, touching on abdominal segments 
the anterior edge of tubercle iv. No markings of any kind on the body. 
Thoracic feet black, shiny, reddish at tips; prolegs reddish. 

When the larva stopped feeding, eight days after the sixth moult, it 
measured 30 mm. long, and 6 mm. wide at segment 8. 

Distribution —Banff, Alta., June 16 (N. B. Sanson); Aweme, Man. 
(Criddle); London, Ont., June 30, bred (Saunders); Toronto (Bethune, 
Croft); Meech Lake, Que., May 26 (Young); Montreal, Que., June 20 
(P. M. Dawson); Cowansville, Que. (Fyles). 


17. Ficurara.—This form has been referred to as a variety of 
phyllira, but Dr. Dyar in his recent catalogue gives it specific rank. The 
species (if such it is) is rare in Canada. Full notes on the earlier stages 
would be very welcome. Mr. E. L. Graef briefly describes the mature 
larva as ‘‘jet-black, hairs very stiff.” In the Proc. U.S, Nat. Museum, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, LSS 





Vol. XXV., 1902, Dr. Dyar published the following description of the 
larva of the form /-fallida: ‘‘Head shining black; epistoma and 
bases of antenne pale; width 2.7mm. Body brown-black, the abdominal 
feet pale reddish. A broad, distinct, sharp dorsal line, narrowed between 
warts i., cream-white, pinkish shaded in the incisures. Warts black, hair 
bristly, sparsely barbuled ; i. small, less than one-third the size of 1, 1. 
with small, ii. with large shining base, normal. Hair all black, even the 
subventral, longer on joints 12 and 13.” 


Distribution.—Toronto, Ont. (Gibson); Meech Lake, Que., May 31 
(Young); Aylmer, Que., June 5 (Young). 


18. Nais.—This is a very variable species and one which is 
constantly being mixed up with pfalerata. Dr. Seifert has recently 
published an article on the species in the Journal of the New York 
Entomological Society, March, 1902, and the plate accompanying his 
paper gives an excellent idea of the extent of variation in the moths of 
this Arctian. Through the kindness of Dr. Seifert in sending us eggs, we 
were able, the past season, to rear a good number of the imagoes. The 
larvee also vary considerably and we cannot find any character whereby 
to distinguish them from the larve of phalerata. 

Distribution.—Springfield-on-Credit, Ont. (Bethune); Kingsville, 
Ont., Sept. 9 (C. T. Hills); Hamilton, Ont. (Evans); Montreal, Que., 
July 7 (Stevenson). ‘These records are included on the authority of the 
collectors themselves. We have not examined the specimens. 


19. VitTraTa.—This species, while it has often been collected, in 
different localities, cannot be considered a common insect in Canada. 
The moths are closely related to mais and phaderata, and a series will 
show considerable variation. A single specimen was bred at Ottawa in 
1900 from a larva collected in a wood on the 26th May. The following 
description was taken from the cast skin and head: Head black ; skin 
of body velvety black, tubercles black, rough, not polished, each bearing 
a bunch of bright rust-red bristles, those on the dorsum being slightly 
darker; none black. Bristles smooth, not barbed ; tubercle i. about 
one-fifth the size of ii. Thoracic feet blackish-brown. 

- Distribution.—Hamilton, Ont. (Moffat, Evans); St. Catharines, Ont. 
(Beadle) ; Toronto, Ont., June (Metcalfe, Gibson); Cobourg, Ont., 
August (Bethune); Ottawa, bred, June rr (Gibson); Montreal, Que. 
(Brainerd). 


154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








20, PHALERATA.—The life-history of this Arctian was published by 
the writer in the CANADIAN EnromoLocist, Vol. XXXII., p. 369, and 
in the February (1902) number of the same journal further additional 
notes were given. On the whole, the moths of phalerata are fairly 
constant. In those which we reared in 1goo, there was a remarkable 
lack of variation ; but in some of those bred the following year the W 
mark on the primaries was indistinct, and in a few (females) nearly 
obsolete. In none of our specimens, however, is the W mark altogether 
absent, as is often the case in zazs. In all the specimens of zaés which 
we have reared, the costal edge of the primaries is black, and this 
character has been referred to in several accounts of that species. In 
phalerata, however, the costal edge of the primaries is yellow in some 
specimens and black in others, in the same brood. On the accompany- 
ing plate two females and two males are figured, one female with a black 
costa, the other with a yellow costa, and the same with the males. The 
larvee of phalerata vary chiefly in the colour of the bristles ; in most of 
our specimens these were black dorsally and rust-red subventrally. Some 
larve had bristles of a decidedly pale grayish colour, other specimens had 
these more of a yellowish tinge, while still other examples had nearly all 
the bristles of a pale rust-red colour. A dorsal stripe, or a series of 
elongated spots, was present in some specimens, while others had no 
markings whatever on the body. 


Distribution.—This species doubtless occurs in various districts in 
eastern Canada, but the only Canadian specimens examined and 
identified by Dr. Dyar were collected at Toronto, Ont., by the writer. 


In conclusion, I beg gratefully to acknowledge much assistance in the 
preparation of this paper from my kind and ever-helpful teacher, Dr. 
James Fletcher. The writer is also under much obligation to Dr. Dyar 
for help, and to his many friends who have sent him material to study 
and specimens to examine, as well as records of species in their 
collections. My thanks are also due to Dr. Charles Saunders who took 
the photograph from which the accompanying plate was made. We shall 
be very glad indeed at all times to correspond with any one interested in 
these Arctians, and shall, of course, be most happy to receive for study, 
eggs or larvee of any species of the genus. Material of the commonest 
kind will be gladly welcomed. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155 





CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF 
INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 14.—Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 107.) 
SusBFaMILy IJ.—Methocine. 


1894. Myrmosini, Tribe II. (partim), Fox; Proc. Acad, Sci, 
Phila) 27.3. 

1896. Myrmosini, ‘Tribe II. (partim), Ashmead; Trans. Am. Ent. 
SOG eee Ls paLl7O, 1S. 

1899. Methocine, Tribu 3e (partim) André; Spec. Hym. d’Eur 
Tom. 8, p. 58 and 71. 

1903. Methocinz, subfamille (partim), André ; Wytsman’s Gen. 
Ins. Fam. Mutillidee, p. 6. 

Mr. Ernest André’s conception of this subfamily is erroneous ; he has 
placed in it a number of genera that do not belong to the family 
Thynnide at all, but are genuine Myrmosids, and represent my tribe 
Chyphotini. Moreover, André has incorrectly classified all of these 
genera in the family AZu¢7/id@, an error Fox and myself also fell into 
years ago, before we had studied the Zhyunide. 

Mr. Frederick Smith, of the British Museum, was apparently the first 
to point out that AZethoca belonged to the Zhynnide, although he still 
retained it among the AMu«uftillide. Dr. David Sharp, in Cambridge 
Natural History, Vol. 5, p. 96, has also correctly placed Methoca with the 
Thynnides and gives a good figure of both sexes of MW. ichneumonides, 


ath 
Table of Genera. 


GAA LOS) recreate vaste cch eiereey Une NS are nae iM as lccie eat alae tah cc ele 
Tatas harsh ksh cua ane Rates Seite hencare de Vans, 6 "biiau suc, vy. eupillend gm raia gee 
1. Scutellum not differentiated, entirely absent ; prothorax and mesothorax 
finely transversely aciculated; head large, much wider than the 


thorax, finely sculptured, opaque; eyes large, finely pubescent ; 


156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





clypeus rounded anteriorly ; mandibles large, curved, edentate ; 
maxillary palpi 5-jointed, the lateral palpi 
ajointed (Africa). \.c) sce ee a smd reus, Ashm-* igen: nov: 
(Type A. Abbottii, Ashm.t) 
Scutellum differentiated, represented by a convex elevation; thorax 
and head smooth, shining; eyes bare or nearly; maxillary palpi 
6-jointed, the labial palpi 4-jointed.............Methoca, Latreille. 
(Type M. ichneumonides, Latr.) 
2. Front wings with the first transverse cubitus wanting, the first and 
second cubital cells confluent. 
Clypeus anteriorly produced into a triangular tooth ; abdomen 
long, cylindrical, the hypopygium ending in a single upward- 
CUEVEd ACUIEUS. 6a. fs 1. nats ene ec ass tee oe Ln car uatrenies 


SuBFAMILY III.—Rhagigasterine. 

This subfamily ought to be easily distinguished by the characters 
employed in my table of subfamilies. The genus ZLophochetlus, Guérin, 
I know only from the description and figure, and its position is uncertain, 
although I am inclined to think that it belongs here, and may ultimately 
prove to be the opposite sex of Zzvone, Westwood. 


Table of Genera. 


Females. SrapXeiihin; vshca: aut ayek tar wgsts ney mae al) dy OR PES tare hee eee een 
Males. sche Sat pep a whe sia tala sor eae : NOH: 
1. Head ahaa a Sache or Tn prooved ine on pemaies behind the 
eyes’ (tribe Li, Diaminiint) on aan eee tee yea 


Head quadrate, wth a sulcus or grooved tee on Veena Mee the 
eyes (Tribe I., Rhagigasterini). 

Claws simple; grooved lines on temples, curved and not quite 
extending to the eyes; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials 4- 
jointed ; first ventral segment simple (North 
AMErica)). 6%. = da « tlaeites «owen ae Cp COmeLlOpas vAShImead, 

(Type G. Americana, Ashm.) 





*Named in honor of Mr. Ernest André 


+Andréus Abbottii, sp. n.—Female: Length, 7mm. Black ; antennze, except the 
last five or six joints, the mandibles, the palpi and the legs, ferruginous ; ; anterior margin 
of the clypeus narrowly yellowish-white ; abdomen black, polished, shining, the last two 
segments flavo-testaceous. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6812, U. S. N. M. 

Hab.—Congo, Africa (Dr. W. L. Abbott). 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 





Claws cleft ; grooved line on the temples straight and extending 
from the eyes to the occiput ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials 
stout, 4-jointed ; first ventral segment with a tooth beneath 
(Australia) ny Sa. oo eee eee nana Rinaeipaster, (Guero: 

(Type R. unicolor, Guér., 3. 

= Diamma ephippiger, Guér., ?.) 

BinC la wisn cletiis Sos iyess 2) .55 i). . 3s <a a eeasoles ee See ED 
Clamsasimnyol citer easton 5 2) 5's Sink lean lee gee Aya ee 


3- Head subquadrate, not or scarcely longer than wide ; eyes very large ; 
ocelli present ; mandibles 3- or 4-dentate ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, 
labials 4-jointed (Australia)............Diamma, Westwood, 18365. 

—Trachypterus, Guér., 1839. 
(Type D. bicolor, Westw.) 


Head oblong, more than twice longer than wide ; eyes minute ; ocelli 
wanting ; mandibles at apex bidentate; maxillary and labial palpi 
both 4-jointed (Australia)........ ............Eirone, Westwood. 

(Type E. dispar, Westw.) 


4. Head large, oblong, longer than wide; eyes minute; maxillary and 
labial palpi both 4-jointed (South America).........Aelurus, Klug. 
(Type A. nasutus, Klug.) 


Head large, subquadrate, a little wider than long, and much wider than 
the thorax ; prothorax ovate ; mandibles (?) simple ; maxillary palpi 


G jointed: (Amstralia): sal towne: en .eAtiphrony Erichsom 

. (Type A. bicolor, Erich.) 
Faviandiblesctri@entates-.. i: 2/4 be nati w tice Mo ara) ct ate aomtieteet UNO! 
Mandiblesiptdentate” sf ..2 5 a gaya ord cats tbs dla ya de vou haan Oe 

6 First transverse cubitus zw7thout an appendage, the first cubital cell 
ONC IVI EMC Aris DEN HY) eM? & ha anu e ed Lod lae Nee Balser eye 
First transverse cubitus zt an appendage or spurious nervure, which 
divides the first cubital cell into two more or less distinct cells....8. 


7. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; maxillary palpi 
6 jointed» labials 4-jointed= yy fe ene Diamma, Westwood. 
Second cubital cell receiving only one recurrent nervure—the first, the 
second recurrent nervure being interstitial, or nearly, with the second 
transverse cubitus (Australia)............ ..Oncorhinus, Shuckard. 
(Type O. xanthospilus, Shuck.) 


158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





8. Third cubital cell Zarger than the second, the second and third each 
receiving a recurrent nervure ; clypeus not prominent, with a slight 
triangular emargination or linpression anteriorly ; apical tooth of 
mandible much longer than the two inner teeth; maxillary palpi 
6-jointed, labials 4-jointed (South America) ..Telephoromyia, Guerin. 

(Type T. rufipes, Guer.) 


Third cubital cell shorter than the second; clypeus not produced, 
excised anteriorly ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, joints 1-3 short, 4-6 
very long ; labial palpi 4-jointed..................Aelurus, Klug. 


9. Clypeus somewhat produced, the anterior margin subarcuately emar- 
ginated, the labrum more or less exposed, ciliated ; maxillary palpi 
6-jointed, first joint of flagellum shorter than the second 
(Alusthalia)£ Ae dats ose. asda sah ace, - eOphochellns: Guerme 

(Type L. villosus, Guér.) 





THE LARVA AND PUPA OF THE APPLE BUD-BORER 
(Steganoptycha pyricolana, Mutt.). 


BY E. DWIGHT SANDERSON, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, TEXAS. 


In studying the larva and pupa of Steganoptycha pyricolana, Mutt., 
some observations were made as to structure, which it seems desirable to 
permanently record. The life-history and habits of the species have been 
described in the Twelfth Report of the Delaware Agricultural Experiment 
Station. 

‘“This species was described by Miss M. E. Murtfeldt, in Bulletin 
No. 23, 0. s.. Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agr., p. 52, as S. pyricolana, Riley 
MS. Concerning the identity, it was stated that ‘ Professor Fernald, to 
whom a specimen was shown, considers it identical with Clemens’s S. 
salicicolana, which, I believe, breeds in willow galls, but Dr. Riley pro- 
nounces it distinct, and he has types of Clemens’s species.” My speci- 
mens agree entirely with Miss Murtfeldt’s description, but are distinctly 
different from Clemens’s types in the collection of the Am. Ent. Society. 
Correspondence shows that the opinion credited above to Dr. Fernald is 
incorrect, as he never compared the specimens. Dr. Fernald, to whom 
specimens were referred, has kindly given the identity of the species con- 
siderable attention, and writes me that he has frequently received speci- 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 





mens from various parts of the country, where the larva has been boring 
in rose. He also states that there is probably no doubt as to my speci- 
mens being the same as Riley’s S. Ayrico/ana., 


“* Miss Murtfeldt found the larva damaging apple terminals in Mis- 
souri in August and September, 1890, and gives an excellent description 
of the larva and moth. This is the only published reference to the species 
so far known. 


“ Zarva.—5 xX 1.25 mm. Elongate, sub-cylindrical; colour froma 
dirty cream to light yellowish-brown, tinged with pinkish dorsally—usually 
giving it quite a rose colour, tubercles grayish, spiracles brown ; head 
slightly narrower than protborax, metathorax to 7th abdominal segment 
of same width, thence tapering sharply caudad ; head shining, front cinna- 
mon brown, sutures darker with blackish line, an indefinite caudo-mesal 
area slightly darker and a similar darker shade on each dorso-lateral sur- 
face caudally, joining on caudal margin under pronotum ; labium and max- 
illa body colour, sutures of under side of head dark, palpi and antennze 
light, latero-ventral sutures of head black, ocelli black, forming a short 
black bar extending caudo-dorsad back of antenne, labrum dark brown ; 
abdominal segments with two and thoracic with three annule ; pronotum 
chitinous, straight, cephalic margin covering caudal part of head which is 
visible beneath, caudal margin curved, surface shining ; legs with basal 
suture in front dark, otherwise concolorous ; tips of prolegs dark brown ; 
the 8th abdominal segment, especially on the caudal annulet, giving it a 
darker, olive colour, the 9th abdominal targite chitinous, shiny, olive 
colour ; caudal sete prominent, long as the ninth segment ; anal prolegs 
cylindrical, reaching to the tip of the ninth segment, brown at tips ; four or 
five stiff brown sete above anus; segments of abdomen rather longer 
caudally.” 

Larval Mouth-parts.—The under side of the larval head is shown in 
figure 4. I have been unable to homologize the sclerites at the base of the 
labium and maxille ; ca is evidently the cardo of the maxilla, in two parts ; 
¢ may also be a part of the cardo; @ and 4 may form one sclerite, though 
there is a distinct suture between them ; @ forms a band connecting # on 
either side (this same sclerite is found in Coleopterous larvie, and seems to 
be the ventral sclerite of a head segment) ; e¢ is membranous, and in it lie 
chitinized sclerites g and f. From g the occiput (?) z’ runs dorsad, the 
portion 7 of the figure being the break caused by the detachment of z’ from 7 
on the slide ; 7 is distinct from /, and caudally there is a distinct suture 


160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


at x, separating it from the dorsal portion of the head. The dotted line 
extending in front of the ocelli is hypothetical, but traces of it can occa- 
sionally be distinguished in other larve, and the separation of these two 
ocelli from the others indicates it. The long band with enlarged ends, 
marked &, lies within the head above the maxilla and is strongly chitinized. 


I call attention to these different parts for the purpose of pointing out 
the necessity for the study of the sclerites of the Jarval head. . I have con- 
sulted several specialists of Lepidopterous larve without securing any in- 
formation as to the identity of these parts. I have found the same diffi- 
culty in Coleopterous larvz. Certainly these parts possess more or less 
taxonomic value, and it seems to the writer that we err if we fail to de- 
lineate and describe them in the description of larve. But as long as we 
have no terminology, this is difficult and will probably be neglected by 
most students. Studies are certainly needed along this line. 


Pupa.— Described from cast skins and one specimen nearly ready to 
transform. 


5.5 X 1.3 mm.; deep orange brown ; head, thorax and exposed por- 
tions of appendages blackish ; spines on abdominal segments tipped with 
black ; sete light; thorax and first abdominal segment without dorsal 
spines ; second abdominal segment with caudal row of spines; third to 
seventh abdominal segments with spines, as in Fig. 5 ; eighth to tenth, as 
in the figure ; segments one to six subequal in length ; seventh shorter ; 
eighth to tenth, adnate; eighth and ninth together as long as sixth, 
tapering caudad from fourth segment. In the figure x marks a break be- 
tween a and @ in the cast skin from which drawn. Concerning the iden- 
tity of sclerites a and 4, I am in doubt. 





THE CANADIAN 








ENTOMOLOGIST. 161 





EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 


Fig. 2.—Tubercles of larva of 
Steganoptycha pyritcolana dia- 
grammed; @. m., dorso-meson ; 
v. m., ventro-meson ; fro, meso, 
pro and meso-thorax ; abd. 1-70, 
abdominal segments, 1 to 10; sp., 
spiracle. 

Fig. 3.—Larval mouth-parts of 
Steganoptycha pyricolana: 7, la- 
brum ; m, mandible; a, antenna; 
4, dorsal aspect head ; ¢, tarsus ; 
all enlarged. 

Fig. 4.—Ventral aspect of head 
of larva of Steganoptycha pyricolana, 
enlarged ; for discussion of parts, 
see text. 

Fig. 5.—Pupa of Steganoptycha 
pyricolana; a, dorsal aspect 4th 
abdominal segment; 4,dorsal aspect 
8-1oth abdominal segments. 





162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NEW BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA. 
BY S. GRAENICHER, MILWAUKEE, WIS. 


Andrena thaspii, 0.sp. @.—Length 1o-11 mm.; black, clothed with 
light ochraceous pubescence ; head broader than thorax ; facial quad- 
rangle broader than long ; cheeks broad, shining, with fine punctures, 
which are very close immediately behind the eyes; front below ocelli 
distinctly striate; facial foveze broad, containing light pubescence ; 
antennze long and slender, black ; flagellum brownish testaceous beneath, 
especially towards the tip ; joint 3 of the antenne as long as 4 and 5 
together ; clypeus shining, clothed with thin, light pubescence ; a distinct 
impunctate line in the middle, otherwise with moderately coarse 
punctures ; basal process of labrum truncate ; mandibles dull testaceous 
at the tips; mesothorax slightly shining, and covered with short, thin 
pubescence ; on the scutellum the hairs are rather long and dense; the 
punctures of the mesonotum are shallow and not close together ; wings 
yellowish hyaline, hardly clouded at the apex, with honey-coloured nerv- 
ures and stigma ; second submarginal cell slightly narrowed above, about 
half as long as the third, receiving the first recurrent nervure beyond the 
middle of the cell ; metathoracic enclosure defined by an impressed line, 
its surface more finely sculptured than the surrounding area of the 
metathorax, except at the base, where it is slightly rugose; legs dark 
brown ; tibial scopa bright fulvous, shining ; the basal joints of the middle 
and hind tarsi are covered with ferruginous pubescence on their inner 
surface ; abdomen shining, with sparse light hairs which are long on the 
first segment, but otherwise very short, forming thin apical fasciz on 
segments 2 to 4; anal fimbria dark fulvous, inclining to ferruginous. 

g.—-Length 9 mm., pubescence of head and thorax longer than in 
female ; clypeus more closely punctured throughout; joint 3 of antenne 
longer than 5, but distinctly shorter than 4+5 ; metathoracic enclosure 
with the longitudinal rug extending throughout its whole length ; joints 
2 to 5 of anterior and middle tarsi, and all the joints of posterior tarsi, 
ferruginous. 

Milwaukee, Wis.; 5 ¢ and 99 specimens captured on the flowers of 
Thaspium trifoliatum aureum, and Angelica atropurpurea, between May 
29 and June 23. ‘The females obtain their pollen mostly from the flowers 
of the first-named plant. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1638 





Andrena Cockeredli, vu. sp. @.—Length 1o-1r mm.; black, with 
long, thin, whitish pubescence ; a few black hairs on front below ocelli ; 
facial fover broad, black, reaching a little below the insertion of the 
antenne ; antenne dark, joint 3 longer than 4 and 5 together; clypeus 
convex, somewhat shining, distinctly roughened and closely punctured ; a 
median narrow and slightly elevated impunctate line; process of labrum 
triangular, notched at tip; mandibles black, slightly ferruginous near the 
tips ; cheeks broad and evenly rounded, finely roughened, clothed with 
long, white pubescence ; mesonotum dull, tessellate, with sparse, hardly 
visible, punctures ; the disc of the mesonotum is somewhat shining, as 
also the scutellum; enclosure of metathorax small, bordered by an 
impressed line and somewhat rugose at base; wings hyaline, nervures 
and stigma testaceous ; the second submarginal cell is about two-thirds as 
long as the third and receives the first recurrent nervure far beyond the 
middle of the cell; abdomen shining, minutely granular, without 
punctures ; the thin white pubescence of the abdomen is most con- 
spicuous on the first segment ; legs dark brown, with white pubescence ; 
the basal joints of the tarsi are clothed with fuscous hairs on their inner 
surface ; anal fimbria dark purplish brown. 

4.—Length 9 mm.; the pubescence is of a purer white than in the 
female ; in addition to the black hairs below the ocelli, there is a narrow 
row of black pubescence immediately behind and in front of the eye ; 
there is also a patch of black hairs on the sides of the metathorax ; head 
large, broader than the thorax ; antennz long, slender, joint 3 hardly as 
long as 4 +5; the surface of the clypeus is concealed by long and dense 
pubescence ; mandibles long and slender ; cheeks broad, produced into a 
rounded angle, which is situated above the middle of the eye. 

Milwaukee, Wis.; numerous g and ¢ specimens from April 6 to 30, 
on flowers of willows, especially of Salix discolor. Kent Co., Mich.; 1 4, 
April 1, 1902 (collected by A. D. Macgillivray, received from Prof. T. D. 
A. Cockerell). Hartford, Conn.; 1 ?, April 19, 1896 (collected by S. N. 
Dunning, No. torr, received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell). 

The females are all about the same length. The males vary 
considerably in size, ranging from 6 to 9 mm. in length. This species 
resembles A. macoupinensis, Rob., but differs from it mainly in the 
following characters: Facial foveze distinctly black (pale in macoupinen- 
sis); legs dark brown (hind tibize and tarsi ferruginous in macoupinensts ); 


164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








anal fimbria dark purplish-brown (ochraceous in macoupinensis). It is 
also very close to A. perarmata, Ckll., a species with black facial fovee. 
In this respect Prof. Cockerell, to whom several of my specimens were 
submitted, writes as follows: ‘‘ Your 2 differs from 2 perarmata by 
lacking the black hair on metathorax. Also, type perarmata has the: 
process of labrum more pointed than in your insect.” The ¢ of Cockerel/i 
may be readily distinguished from that of perarmata by the absence of 
a tooth at the base of the mandibles. 

Andrena Milwaukeensis, n. sp. Q.—Length 11 mm.; black, with 
bright fulvous, erect, stiff hairs on vertex, thorax above, and first two 
segments of abdomen above, otherwise the pubescence is black ; vertex 
minutely granular ; cheeks rounded, with thin, black pubescence, which 
does not conceal the sparse shallow punctures ; front finely striate ; facial 
fovee broad, appearing dark chocolate brown when viewed from above ; 
antenne slender, brownish, dull ferruginous beneath towards the tip ; 
joint 3 of flagellum hardly longer than 4 and 5 together; a patch of light 
hair about the insertion of the antenne; clypeus smooth, shining, covered 
with short, thin, black pubescence ; on the sides of the clypeus the 
punctures are small and crowded, towards the middle they become coarse 
and rather sparse ; a median impunctate and polished area, widening 
gradually below; process of labrum shining, truncate, emarginate ; 
mandibles black with a ferruginous area near the tips ; the mesonotum 
and scutellum are opaque, granular, not punctured, thickly covered with 
fulvous pubescence ; tegule testaceous; wings fibro-hyaline, stigma 
testaceous, nervures dark brown; second submarginal cell somewhat 
narrowed above; the first recurrent nervure joins the latter near the 
second transverse cubital nervure ; third submarginal cell more than twice 
as long as second; enclosure of metathorax distinctly outlined by a 
smooth impressed line, with small rugze at its base; legs black, with black 
hairs, becoming dark brown on the front tibiz; abdomen tessellate, 
without punctures, black, shining, with slight metallic reflections; seg- 
ments 2 to 4 are depressed about one-third apically; there is a patch of 
fibrous pubescence on segments 1 and 2, covering segment 1 almost 
entirely, and becoming narrow towards the apex of segment 2; otherwise 
the segments are clothed with short, stiff black hairs, not forming apical 
fascie ; anal fimbria black. 

¢.—Length 9 mm.; differs from the female as follows: Pubescence 
longer, but thinner, entirely fulvous, without a trace of black hairs ; head 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165 








extremely broad ; clypeus with small punctures throughout, except a medi- 
an impunctate and very narrow line; mandibles very long and slender, 
strongly curved, with tips entirely ferruginous ; joint 3 of the very long 
antennz shorter than 4+5,; cheeks considerably produced, forming a 
rounded angle above the middle of the eye ; sixth and seventh abdominal 
segments with thin fulvous pubescence. 

Milwaukee, Wis.; 4¢,13 @ specimens taken between May 4 and 
June 23, on various flowers. The colour of the pubescence varies from’ 
light ochraceous to bright fulvous in the female. One of my male 
specimens has only 2 submarginal cells on each side. This species 
resembles 4. Ha//i7, Dunning, but the latter is a larger insect, and differs 
otherwise from A. A/t/waukeensis. In some of the females the patch of 
fulvous pubescence on the abdomen extends even to the tip of the third 
segment. This patch of light ochraceous or bright fulvous pubescence on 
the first 2 or 3 abdominal segments separates this species from A. Ha//zi, 
as also from any of the species of Azdrena flying in this locality. 


_Andrena viburnella, n. sp. 9.—Length 11 mm.; body robust, 
black ; head, thorax and legs with very light ochraceous pubescence ; 
vertex distinctly roughened, not punctured ; cheeks tessellate, finely and 
closely punctured ; the thin pubescence is slightly longer on the lower 
portion of the cheeks than on the face ; front coarsely striate, with a 
median ridge extending from the ocellus to the base of the antenne ; the 
upper one-third of this ridge is low, but the remaining part is very 
prominent ; facial quadrangle broader than long ; antenne stout, dark 
brown, with testaceous tips ; joint 3 about equaling joints 4+5, certainly 
not longer; facial foveze broad, with dark reddish-brown pubescence ; 
clypeus shining, clothed with short hairs; the punctures of the clypeus 
are close and moderately coarse; a median impunctate stripe is visible ; 
process of labrum long, truncate ; mandibles black, ferruginous on their 
apical halves, notched within near the tips ; mesonotum thickly covered 
with short, stiff hairs, its surface is dull, tessellate, with close, shallow 
punctures; scutellum shining, somewhat swollen, with a median 
impression ; its punctures are closer and more distinct than those of the 
mesonotum; tegule piceous; wings dusky, nervures and _ stigma 
ferruginous ; second submarginal cell not as broad as third, receiving the 
first recurrent nervure at the middle ; metathorax coarsely roughened, its 
enclosure defined by a faint impressed line ; the enclosure is somewhat 


166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





rugose at base, otherwise finely sculptured ; legs dark brown, the small 
tarsal joints ferruginous ; tibial scopa shining, of a lighter colour than the 
pubescence of the body in general ; abdomen shining, bare, without hair- 
bands ; segments 2 to 4 closely and finely punctured, depressed about 
one-third apically; the depressions are tessellate, and contain only a few 
scattered punctures ; anal fimbria dark fulvous. 


Milwaukee, Wis.; 2 2 specimens, May 29, 1902, from the flowers of 
Viburnum lentago. nthe type specimen the legs are dark brown ; in 
the second specimen the legs are inclined to ferruginous. 


_ Andrena albofoveata, n. sp. 9° .—Length 9 mm.; black; pubescence 
whitish, more or less yellowish on mesonotum ; facial quadrangle broader 
than long ; head with short, sparse pubescence ; cheeks finely roughened, 
with very small punctures ; front striato-punctate ; facial fovece very broad 
above, narrowing gradually below and not unusually separated from eye ; 
the pubescence of the fovez is silvery-white, appressed ; antennz robust, 
black, somewhat testaceous beneath; joint 5 shorter than 4, both 
together longer than 3; clypeus nearly bare, shining, with close and 
coarse punctures, and an elevated impunctate line ; process of labrum 
small, shining, lightly truncate; thorax with short, thin, erect pubescence; 
mesonotum hardly shining, with fine punctures, which are close on the 
sides, but sparse on the disc; median and parapsidal grooves present, 
the latter very distinct ; scutellum shining and more coarsely punctured 
than the mesonotum ; tegulz piceous, a testaceous spot exteriorly; wings 
yellowish-hyaline with rufo-testaceous nervures and stigma; second 
submarginal cell about one-third as long as the third, and receiving the 
first recurrent nervure near the second transverse cubital nervure ; 
enclosure of metathorax with longitudinal rugez, bordered by a low 
transverse ridge ; legs very dark brown, covered with griseous hairs ; on 
the inner surface of the basal joints of the tarsi the pubescence is 
yellowish ; segments of abdomen depressed about one-third apically, 
closely and finely punctured throughout ; there are thin apical fascize of 
whitish pubescence, which are interrupted in the middle on segments 2 
and 3; anal fimbria light fulvous, sparse. 

Milwaukee, Wis.; 7 2 specimens, June rs and 16, 1902, on flowers 
of Angelica atropurpurea. This species belongs to the genus Zrachan- 
drena, Rob. It is rather variable; in some of the specimens the 
pubescence is light ochraceous, and the hind tibiz and tarsi are 
ferruginous, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 


SOME APHIDIDAZ OF THE GENUS NECTAROPHORA FROM 
NEW MEXICO. 
BY T. D. A COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M. 


Nectarophora rudbeckiea (Fitch). 

ffab.—Beulah, N. M., alt. 8,000 ft., very abundant on Rudbeckia 
ampla, A. Nelson. It is preyed upon by Hippodamia convergens. This 
species is easily known by its bright scarlet colour. Monell reports WV. 
rudbeckia from many genera of Composite at St. Louis, Mo.; in New 
Mexico I have found it only on one species of Rudbeckia; even the 
species on Rudbeckia hirta is quite different. 


Nectarophora solidaginis (Fabr.). 

ffab.—Beulah, N. M., July 26, numerous on So/¢dago. Blackish- 
red, some almost black ; nectaries black ; cauda light yellowish; stigma 
pale greenish (yellowish in JV. rudbeckie) ; femora with basal two-thirds 
pale yellowish, distal third blackish. The very young may be slightly 
tuberculate dorsally. Many of the young are bright red. In the winged 
female the cauda is just half the length of the nectaries ; the latter are 
imbricated. 

This species is very near to VV. rudbeckie, but evidently distinct. 
It agrees with Buckton’s account of European JV. solidaginis in all 
essential particulars ; Buckton’s description and figure indicate a black 
cauda, but in his table on p. roz he says it is yellow. The species is 
new to America, but is evidently native ; a member of the circumpolar 
fauna. 

Nectarophora corallorhiza, sp. n. 

fTab.— Beulah, N. M., July, 1902 (W. P. Cockeredl).. Numerous on 
Corallorhiza multiftora. 

Apterous §%.—Green (pale yellow mounted in balsam), without 
markings ; length 2% to nearly 3 mm.; eyes scarlet; cauda pallid; 
nectaries very long, colourless at base, blackish in middle, paler beyond, 
but blackish again at the extreme tip ; antennz pale, dusky at ends and 
at the joints; legs pale, apical portion of femora dusky; tarsi black or 
nearly so. Antennz over 3 mm.; cauda ensiform, about 630 ; nec- 
taries 1400 p; antennal joints measuring in p; (r.) prox. 150, (2 ) 100, 
(3) x30, (4:)x920, (5-), 730, (Ga:) 150; (Gb.) L620: 

Nectaries slender, often curved outwards towards the end. Sensoria 
few, on under side of basal half of third joint. 

LV. lutea, Buckton, found on greenhouse orchids, is yellow, with a 
large dorsal dark brown spot, and has much shorter nectaries, JV. 





168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





urtice, Kalt., seems to resemble our insect as much as anything, but it is 
not the same. 


Nectarophora agrimoniella, sp. n. 

Hfab.—-Beulah, N. M., July 27, 1902 (W. P. and TZ. D. A. Cockerelt). 
Very abundant on Agrimonia eupatoria, Auctt., inhabiting the flower- 
stalks. 

Winged ¢ (full of young) —Large, light apple green (orange-ferrugi- 
nous mounted in balsam), without markings; eyes black ; femora with 
basal two-thirds light green, distal third black, or sometimes less (about 
90 p) ; distal go p of tibize, and all of tarsi, black ; nectaries suffused with 
blackish ; antennz dusky, joint 3 black except the basal 30 yp; third 
antennal joint with very numerous (about 32) protuberant sensoria, about 
equally distributed on the proximal and distal halves ; cauda tapering, 
with a blunt tip, sides with bristles set on little prominences ; no capitate 
hairs anywhere. 

Length of body about 3 mm., wings about 3% mim. ; other measure- 
ments in »:—Antennal joints: (1.) 120, (2.) 110, (3.) r109, (4.) goo, 
(5.) 730, (6a.) 160, (6b.) 1230. Cauda about 450; nectaries 1000, with 
imbricated surface ; beak 700 to 750; anterior femur 1000; marginal 
cell with substigmatic portion 380, and poststigmatic portion 660. 

Allied to WV. erigeronensis (Thos.), which it resembles in the numer- 
ous sensoria on joint 3. 

Nectarophora rudbeckiarum, sp. 0. 

Hab.—Beulah, N. M., July 26, 1902, on Rudbeckia ampla, with 
NV. rudbeckia, but not nearly so numerous. 

Winged 9 .—Light green; eyes, ends of tibie, and tarsi, black. 
Length of body about 214 mm., of wings about 4% mm. Measurements 
in »: Nectaries 1200 ; cauda about 600, breadth at base 120, in middle 
170; beak about 750; anterior femur 1500; antennal joints, (3.) 1200, 
(4.) 1250, (5.) 1070; marginal cell with substigmatal portion 420, post- 
stigmatal 500. Apterous 9? about 4 mm. long, including cauda. This 
cannot be a green variety of JV. rudbeckia, for the following reasons : 

(1.) LV. rudbeckia has much shorter nectaries, not over 850 p. 

(2.) WV. rudbeckie has a longer marginal cell, with substigmatal 
portion 550, poststigmatal 700 p. : 

N. rudbeckiarum differs as follows from 1. agrimoniella; 

(1.) The third antennal joint is not nearly so dark, and has only 
about ten hardly protuberant sensoria, which are practically confined to 
the basal half of the joint. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 





(2.) The cauda, which in agrimoniella tapers from the base to the 
apex, in rudbeckiarum is spear-head shaped, with the base narrower than 
the middle. These descriptions represent the cauda as seen from above. 

(3.) The apical portion of the stigma is narrower and more produced 
than in agrimoniella. 

(4.) The femora are not at all black at distal end. 

(5.) The nectaries are green. This character distinguishes the 
species from JV. erigeronensis. 

NV. rudbeckiarum turns orange-ferruginous mounted in balsam ; 
darker than 4. agrimoniedla. 


Nectarophora heleniella, sp. n. 

Hab.—Beulah, N. M., July 26, on flower-heads of Helenium hoopestt, 
Gray. Not numerous. 

Winged 9.—Apple green, smaller and deeper coloured than J. 
rudbeckiarum ; length of body about 2 mm., wings about 3%. Eyes 
black ; nectaries only slightly dusky ; femora greenish, only moderately 
suffused with blackish apically ; antennz black, except short basal joints 
and extreme base of third joint; third joint with nine large and four 
small sensoria, the last one 45 » from base of joint. Measurements in 
pe: Nectaries 710; cauda about 300, tapering from base to apex, in the 
manner of WV. agrimoniella; beak about 600; anterior femur g20 ; 
antennal joints, (3.) 770, (4-) 660; (5.) 530, (6a.) 140, (6b.) 1140. 
Marginal cell with substigmatal portion 320, poststigmatal 500. 

The apterous form (immature) has the cauda short and broad, broad- 
pyramidal in outline seen from above. The immature form is slightly 
pruinose, and has a darker green dorsal band. 

Alled to 2V. geranzz, but distinct. 

Nectarophora Martint, sp. n. 

Hab.—Beulah, N. M., 1902, on many plants. Named after my son 
Martin, who used to help me collect insects at Beulah. The form on 
Helenium may be taken as the type. Similar to  somchi (L.), of which 
LV. ambrosia (Thos.) is the American representative, if not a synonym, 
but differs especiaily in the young, which are pruinose and do not share 
the piliferous tubercles. It is also allied to JV. sonchel/a, Monell, but the 
fourth antennal joint is not tubercular, and to \. calendule, Monell, but 
that has the third joint very slightly tubercular. The two last-mentioned 
are also not pruinose when young, so far as I can learn ; herein they will 
agree with WV. sodidaginis, which is easily known from LV. AZartini by the 
much redder, non-pruinose, young, as well as the shorter nectaries of the 
winged female, 


170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





I assume that the insects collected on different plants are the same 
species, because I am unable to find any tangible characters to separate 
them ; but I give my notes on each lot separately : 

(1.) On Rudbeckia hirta, Aug. 4. Winged form dark reddish to 
practically black; nectaries black, cauda pale yellowish; femora with 
apical half black, basal half pale ; stigma pale greenish. Apterous form 
shiny, 3 mm. long, not counting cauda. 

Winged §.—Cauda ensiform, with large lateral bristles; length 
about 500 pw. Nectaries about 1000 yp long, black. Eyes black. An- 
tennal joints in p, (3.) 1070, (4.) 980, (5.) 850, (6a.) 200, (6b.) 1300. 
Stigma tapering, marginal cell with poststigmatal part considerably longer 
than substigmatal. Antenne black, joint 3 with prominent sensoria (at 
least 40) along its whole length except extreme ends. Joint 4 without 
sensoria. The other lots enumerated below showed the same micro- 
scopical characters except some little difference in size, and a smaller 
number of sensoria on joint 3 in the material from /ofenti//a and 
frasera. 

(2.) On heads of Helenium hoopesit, July 26. Young and apterous 
adults. The young are reddish, with greenish legs, and have a decided 
bluish pruinose bloom. ‘They are not tuberculate. The apterous adults 
are shiny dark wine-red, with the legs as in M rudbechie; i.e., basal 
two-thirds of fermora pale ochreous, apical third, and tibe and tarsi, 
black or blackish. Nectaries long, black, obviously longer than in 
rudbeckie. The bluish bloom is conspicuous even in subadults. On 
Aug. 3 the species was found in great abundance, winged specimens 
being present. ‘The green species (lV. Aelenie//a) was present in smaller 
numbers ; it cannot be a colour-variety of VV. Martini, owing to the 
great difference in the sensoria on the third antennal joint. Measure- 
ments in »:—Apterous 9: nectaries 1330; antennal joints, (2.) 120, (3.) 
1100, (4.) 900, (5.) 735, (6a.) 150, (6b.) 1030. Winged ¢: nectaries 820 ; 
antennal joints, (3.) 930, (4.) 790, (5.) 710, (6a.) 180, (6b.) rogo. 

(3.) On Frasera speciosa, Auctt., abundant. Winged ?: dark 
wine-red ; stigma yellowish; legs black, basal 23 of femora and coxe, 
pale greenish ; nectaries black, yellow at extreme base ; cauda reddish. 
Immature forms pruinose. Measurements in ». —Winged 9: nectaries 
1000; antennal joints, (1.) 160, (2.) 100, (3.) 960, (4.) 810, (5.) 720, 
(6a.) 170, (6b.) 1000. 

(4.) On flower-heads of Zygadenus Nuttalli, Coult. Flora, 
abundant July 31. Winged 9: Head and thorax reddish-brown, 
abdomen darker; nectaries black, pale at extreme Bess ; femora very pale 
greenish, black at apex ; young pruinose. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. aya 





(5.) On Eriogonum (a tall species with greenish-yellow flowers), 
July 29, a few only. Winged 2: Shining very dark plum colour; 
abdomen same colour as head and thorax ; legs black, basal half or less 
of femora, and coxe, pale ochreous ; nectaries black ; cauda and stigma 
ochreous yellow; antenne black; wings strongly iridescent. Young 
pruinose, with olive-slate legs, antennee and nectaries. The nectaries are 
obviously shorter than in the /ofenti//a form, and are held erect. 
Apterous ¢: 2% mm. long. Measurements in p: nectaries 810; 
antennal joints, (1.) 150, (2.) 100, (3.) 920, (4.) 770, (5.) G50, (6a.) 185, 
(6b.) 680. 

(6.) On Ligusticum (species with yellow flowers), July 29; not 
many. Winged?: Dark brown; nectaries black ; legs black, basal half 
of femora, coxz and basal half of tibize more or less, yellowish. Measure- 
ments in p: nectaries 840; antennal joints, (1.) prox. 150, (2.) 100, 
(3.) 880, (4.) 730, (5.) 710, (6a.) 200, (6b.) 1220, The Ligusticum grew 
mixed with the Poftent://a next mentioned. 

(7.) On Potentilla (apparently P. pulcherrima), July 29, first found 
by my wife ; very abundant. Dark reddish-gray, winged form with the 
head and thorax more decidedly red, contrasting with the darker 
abdomen. Half-grown more or less pruinose, with legs, antenne and 
nectaries dark olive. In the winged form these parts are black or 
blackish, with the basal two-thirds of femora light yellowish. Stigma 
light yellowish. Nectaries over twice length of cauda, which is_ pink. 
Measurements of winged ? in : nectaries 990; antennal joints, (1.) prox. 
150, (2.) 100, (3.) 980, (4.) 950. 

The specimens on the Fotenti//a have the nectaries a trifle shorter 
than those on Frasera and Zygadenus, but otherwise appear just the 
same. Curiously, however, the /otent://a form when disturbed jerks to 
and fro, but will not drop to the ground ; while those on /yrasera and 
Zygadenus do not jerk nearly so readily, neither do they fall. This 
difference in the reaction of the creature to irritation was repeatedly 
observed, and suggested that the species were different, but I am quite 
unable to find satisfactory morphological characters to separate them. 
Monell has remarked that V. sonchel/a always drops to the ground when 
disturbed. 

Nectarophora, spp. 

Other species of JVectarophora were taken at Beulah on Sophia 
incisa, Geum, Gnaphalium decurrens, Phacelia circinata, Erigeron and 
Populus angustifolia, but I did not secure the winged females and so 
have deferred their description, 


172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





SYNOPSIS OF NOMADIN. 
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 


This paper is intended to give the results of the study of the local 
species. 

Unless otherwise indicated, vein a=basal nervure; vein V, = trans- 
verse medial nervure ; vein 7 = first cubital nervure ; cell III,,.=margin- 
al cell ; cell III, =second cubital cell ; “‘ joint” refers to antenne ; ‘‘ seg- 
ment” refers to abdomen. 

There has been enough confusion in this group to suit the most 
stupid of lumpers. It takes a mystagogue to identify a species from a 
description of its ornaments. Such descriptions are regular pitfalls— 
regular synonym-traps. The description of V. disignata, Say, can be 
duplicated from five different local species. Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slos- 
son sent me specimens of the immaculate form of Gzathzas ovatus, which 
had been identified for her as WV. zncerta. The former has bidentate 
mandibles and simple coxe, while the latter has simple mandibles and 
spined coxe, and is the female of Centrias americanus. The synonymy 
is given in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., 22: 125. Here the question arises as to 
whether the JV. americana, Kby., is the same as JV. zmcerta or the same as 
this immaculate form of G. ovatus. The latter is rare, and has the 
abdomen much paler than indicated in Kirby’s description of the former. 
Then, which one of these is the immaculate variety of Say’s WV. bisignata? 
Here, also, V. ivcerta is by far the more probable determination. JV. 
simplex, with simpJe mandibles, was identified as JV. de//a. On compar- 
ing the type, I found that 4. de/7a had bidentate mandibles. 

N. affabilis, Cr., is composite. The N. Y. specimen, on which the 
description was evidently based, is regarded as the type. The Ill. speci- 
men is the male of /V. vincta. The ornaments of the two species are al- 
most identical. 

NV. rubicunda, Oliv., (= LV. torrida, Sm.) belongs to Centrias. 

NV. bella and maculata belong to Gnathias. I have examined the 
types of the former twice, and of the latter once. They resemble G. 
cuneatus, but are quite different from the local specimens. JV. macudata 
is much larger and more red. At present I would not unite them. The 
two local species are very common and very variable. In the table I have 
indicated the colour forms at some length. They seem to show a strong 
tendency to divide into several species, and there may be differences in 
the hosts which they infest. I cannot separate the males in the same way, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 173 








In this paper Gnathias cuneatus and ovatus and Xanthidium den- 
tarie are described as new, and the male of Centrias erigeronis is de- 
scribed for the first time. 

After Cephen was characterized as given in the table, I suspected that 
it might be the same as AZicronomada, Ckll., but I could not identify that 
genus without getting specimens of the type, /V. modesta, for examination. 
LV. modesta has the cell III; strongly narrowed above, cell III,,. less ob- 
tuse, and the vein a ends a little before or is interstitial with V,. The 
front cox have a tubercle above the spine. The other structural charac- 
ters are quite similar, and show that the two genera are closely related, 
but the venation is so different that I have decided to let Cephen stand. 
XV. fervida, Sm., also belongs to Cephen. 

Heminomada, Ckll., like Micronomada, Ann. Mag., N. H., VIL., 
10: 42—4, 1902, I would raise to generic rank. Of 27 specimens in my 
collection, 9 have three submarginal cells in one or both wings. 

Vein rm, usually wanting in Heminomada, I have also found want- 
ing in VV. Cressonii (1) and Sayi (1). Vein III; I have found wanting in 
Gnathias cuneatus (1), Centrias Americanus (1), rubicundus (1), Nomada 
parva (1). 

I have to thank the authorities of the American Entomological So- 
ciety for the privilege of examining co-types of 4. affabilis and be//a and 
specimens of VV. modesta. Mr. Viereck noted several points in which the 
N. Y. specimen of 4. affab:/is differed from the co-type sent me for ex- 
amination. 

In his early descriptions Mr. Cresson mentions the structure of seg- 
ment 7 of the males, and in his later ones notes the form of the joints 
of antenne. 

Females. 


Mandibles bidentate; joint 3 shorter than 4; vein a@ before V, ; head 
and thorax red ; sutures, depressed and concealed portions 


blaiek ‘.tageahenios. hoists 6 baa eb ites tee Mog keg} Gnathias. 
Mandibles simple. . bak : shemaiel coxa Din 

1. Front cox > simple eae CN. Mensiialoew ah ance indistinct 
spines. a3 : ae Se Spee ote 
Front coxe tit tag ouneReenin spines ; abdomen cietaetly punc- 
tured. . SRT ANS Su Ss oh 5 1d ca SAHNI ey Soe om CEN Shea Al cle 5 de RR ete 


ae jommt3 Reid than 4; vein a Be pain or nica: ae V.; cell 
III, subquadrate, III,,, obtuse ; joint 1 of labial palpi twice as long 


174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





as 2-4, 2 flat, as ae as 3+ 4, which are simple and directed ob- 
liquely outward . dou aaa eh AMP eee te Seve . . Cephen. 
Joint 3 shorter ion 4; veinaa jfete before Vy: cell Ill, more nar- 
rowed above; III,,, acute; labial palpi ordinary ; abdominal 
fascie, when present, continuous on segments 4-5, interrupted, re- 


duced or wanting on I-3........ singe s aja sta. die cite bse CCE CUS 
3: Taint 5 distiteldy eNaton maa wat By a ates alice» Ns, eli Saashey Ped eee eae 
Joint 3 longer than 4, rarely a little sieht. BEARS Ng os 


4. Head and thorax without yellow ornaments, ae sutures, depressed 
and concealed portions black ; vein a interstitial with V,; apex of 
hind tibiz with black curved bristles; joints 3-4 subequal; abdomen 
red, a whitish spot on each side of segments 2-3, two subdiscal, 
usually cuneate, spots on 4, and a transverse spot on 5; these 
marks sometimes wanting on 4, rarely on 2 and5..........Phor. 

Head and thorax with yellow ornaments, usually black. . Holonomada. 

5. Head and thorax without yellow ornaments ; vein a before 
SAO ener in Sears eri perry Robt eat LAA nee > 8 A) SONU RATAN) 1787 78 

leadand thorax with yellow. ornaments: 7 2tfa.4: 2.6 soos oe Seer De 

6. Vein rm usually (75°94) wanting in one or both wings; largely red ; 
segments 2-5 with yellow fasciz, sometimes as 


OTE 2h oaevtal ee atenttuentn sae wats : ee aa . Heminomada. 

Vein +m present ; mesonotum Cee fue valley ieee segments 1-6 

with yellow aliens, Or ee, Ataris: <3 AAI ee 
Males. 

Mandibles #bidentiate is ai). wc. seit ree pitted «cs et. yee = a eee meee 

Mandibles (simple oo soi 5 420.0 nis oh NRE «ck See eee 


1. Front cox simple, rarely as denticulata) with short, indistinct 

spines . sae s/ Sera up Piiridite 3s 

Front coxze saath arbesnent spines ; abdlenien dis mesly atuvetnneds 2: 

2. Scape ordinary ; joint 3 longer than 4; vein a beyond, or interstitial 
with, V,; cell III; subquadrate, III,;, obtuse ; segment 

PUDIRG «i: sccpuiets «4 Ake ti diahai otels Seas oe hei Sie een eens 

Scape robust ; joint 4=5+6, 5 with a spine beneath ; flagellum usual- 

ly yellow beneath, middle joints short, submoniliform, the last pro- 

ducedito a point)... 2,5. sm Wes Sess ok Oe eee ae eee ene Centrias. 

3. Segment:7motched:; joint: 3 ‘shorter thanequlw ile. ee eee ne ein 

Seamentiy Hembree Slits. )a: Av like} OP tee Ge ean ole edie detce re vole Rear 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 75 








4. Joint 3 shorter than 4; vein a interstitial with V,; abdomen red, with 


whitish ornaments. ee eds is SE che LOL: 
Joint 3 longer than 4 ; vahdemen ieee with sellone 
ornaments, . A ipdlehgh sg Ae sat acu cte TaMatEC Mt oak al Shs . Holonomada. 
5. Vein rm Sean Sanne 3 segments 1- “i mith valiona bane: that on 1 
usually red. iris) fa. «, 3, si ahchusel Wd oh a teteae herent, ct oe RR TLC AL MILLING 
Vein wie eat aantine CAN = Mapas py Picks Os 
6. Segments 1-6 with entire ad continuous Change sometimes narrowly 
interrupted ania; vein a before Vg. 0. «=... vin ole Ee 


Segments 1-6 without entire and continuous bands, usually with some 
lateral spots ; when continuous, the bands have separated spots on 
CMCEMVGNSIGES OLS se hy a oni Ca enim lereniet@) o's) oat aiaile's. oho org te eae MOOTED CER 


Gnathias, gn. nov. (Type (Vomada bella, Cresson). 
Females. ‘ 

Pygidium ovate, rather closely punctured and pubescent ; lower an- 
terior orbits yellowish ; mesonotum commonly trilineate ; rather yel- 
lowish red, the spots small and hardly contrasting with the ground 
COLO Dictate pete tale ps ienye’ > She sites . ovatus, Sp. NOV. 
70 specimens fall into ie fallowine foftins, accords to their colour 
patterns. The ornament on the side of segment 4 is counted as one 
spot. It consists of an elongated spot, or its representatives: (r) 
when the spot is broken in two, or (2) when the lateral portion dis- 
appears, leaving a subdiscal, more or less cuneate spot. 


A spot on each side of segments 2-4 and a bar on 5 (10)... .pdenus. 
A spot on each side of segments 2-5 (15)....... ...octomaculatus. 
A spot on each side of segments 2-4 (1), or of 2, 3 and 

RECS) Somer eee Mena A ee tae 5 Seep MMA Tae cata naie apsee eae . sexmaculatus. 
A spot on each side of segments 2-3 aa or tof 2 and 

Say iearaestt tees : Sette nth eats gquadrimaculatus. 
A spot on each side of scemtent 2 ves Boer OnieRs. < Ss oo ae OLMOLATUS. 
Abdomen*without spots. (2). ets. =. - 2. Uh 2 noe unicolor. 


Pygidium triangular, sparsely punctured and cabeenenit lower anterior 
orbits not yellowish ; mesonotum one-lined ; rather dark red ; spots 
distinct, large ON;SESIMCNts2 wee eree 5 Sion . .cunealus, Sp. nov. 
28 specimens show the following forhas, ne ornaments of segment 2 
as in the preceding : 

A spot on each side of segments 1-5 (1)............Wecemnotatus. 
A spot on each side of segments 2-5 (15).............0ctonotatus, 


176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








AVspot on each side\of segments 2; 3.andes (n)i. 21. Sas sexnotatus. 
A spot on each side of segments 2-3 (11)..........guadrisignatus. 
Males. 


Intermediate joints of antennz not longer than wide; tegulz, knees 
and apex of tibiz usually yellow; scutel black or marked with yellow, 
sometimes red ; abdomen varying from 6-banded to 4-spotted. ovatus. 

Intermediate joints longer than wide; tegule and legs red; scutel 
usually red ; abdomen varying from 6-banded to 8-spotted. cuneatus. 


Cephen, gn. nov. (Type omada Texana, Cresson). 
Female. 

Black ; labrum, joints 1-3 and legs red; lemon-yellow ornaments as 
follows: Base of mandibles, sides of face, line behind summit of 
eye, collar, tubercles, subarcuate mark on pleura, two spots on scutel, 
postscutel, spots on middle and hind coxe and on apex of hind tibie, 
narrow fasciz on segments 1-5 above and arcuate marks on sides of 


Be AMDCUECAUN Re crorate tiie cto etekesdle @ miedo Merete int aeRO Torr cenaene Texanus. 
Male. 
Like the female ; face, clypeus, spot above, and labrum 
WeMmOne ye O Was ciae.. ara ors loner raceameial sista) sists oe, Nis io ow es, ote satlalc rel COCEIEUES 


Centrias, gn. nov. (Type (Vomada erigeronis, Rob.). 
Females. 
Insect red ; sutures, depressed and concealead portions 
more or less black. Jha tS oR He pM Ie ec seis . Americanus. 
Insect black ; Poraibies Site: atte I--3, Pareecles, reptile line above, 
patches on pleura, scutel, legs, and sometimes venter, red ; malar 
space, collar, axilla, postscutel and abdominal fascize, yellow ; the 
latter interrupted on 1-3, continuous and paler on 4-5 ; abdomen 
coarsely punctured, margins of segments reflexed, beneath the punc- 
tures are) coarse, Strons jand; Genseze epee eet oi sore erigeronis. 


Males. 

Hind femur arcuate ; antenna with a pale annulus ; abdomen red at 
base, black beyond, yellow fasciz interrupted on segments 1-2, con- 
tinuous on 3-6; 7 strongly notched................Americanus. 

Hind femur simple ; antenna without a pale annulus ; abdomen black, 
yellow fasciz interrupted on segment r, continuous on 2-6, 7 slightly 
notched ; other ornaments like the female, but the mandibles, face, 
scape in front, flagellum at base beneath, tubercles, tegule, spot on 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ey 





pleura, cox and trochanters, more or less, and apices of femora and 
biiee, v pellonae, svi eis 4 eistsdcain, Aepeeeatge slink a. sn Aer atin tia ons) s CPEREY OIEES. 


Holonomada, gn. nov (Type Womada superba, Cresson). 


Females. 

Metathorax entirely black. stage 3 : Pee 

Metathorax with two yellow daehen: ; abdomen ithe? five Seer 
faSGicey a ower wees, 5 ee : : Sheer 
. Mesonotum coarsely Rinenired: nabesceat vein @ tae sie flagellum 
darkwapoved stich x5: : é sgavapil s\sjtera SA aN ae nO OCLs se 
Mesonotum finely manedured. dearly faver vein @ about interstitial 
with V,; flagellum with a dark annulus.............. .vineta. 


. Segments 1-5 with continuous yellow fascie ; vein a@ jdsaaly before 
V,; metathorax with dentiform lateral "angles; ; scutel acutely 
bilobed.. bye nt Wass INE ANGLO ER LNG Aah SSDs 

Segment 1 black, or witb, fortaninons stain, 2-3 with Fitenrnpecel 4-5 
with continuous bands ; vein a not before V, ; scutel hardly bilobed; 


joint 3 sometimes a little shorter than 4 ; small........... placida. 
Males. 
Metathorax and posterior orbits black, or nearly so. st eee 


Metathorax with two yellow spots ; posterior orbits teal eee. Vie 
. Scape obovate ; vein a usually interstitial with V,; flagellum darker ia 


the middle ; fscetel subbilobed. bt ae eat .vincta. 
Scape acca: vein a Ee before Miss ageaa darier above ; 
scutel bilobed.. cca Rs : sys tuahekes San Slama eee LOLOL: 

. Segments 1-6 witht continuous yellow ands vein a aeually before 
V,; large species. ce ea tS « ey .. superba. 


Segments 5-6 with continuous, 2-4 ith inremupted yellow bands, 1 
entirely black ; vein @ usually interstitial with V,. ; small 
SDecles ese, 4- Sigh ..placida. 
Phor., gn. nov. Oitype Noma ae integra, ae tek SOMILERET.. 
Heminomada, Ckll. (Type Momada obliterata, Gece 


Xanthidium, gn. nov. (Type Vomada luteola, Oliv.). 
Females. 
Metathorax with subquadrate marks ra upon 
enclosure = +... 23 ¢: ‘ a .luteolum. 
Metathorax with hibiaeats aril ‘nas not encroaching upon 
SN GMGSUTENA eta te eres oe hee ee eR Sine die a vue PMLOOLOMRES 


178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


Ge 


Males. 
Flagellum denticulate beneath; orbits yellow, except at summit 
behind . Lea : spain) cue sieifuti rattan Mee LAALEOLOLILES: 
Flagellum ondieoe : orbits welt below ae Gee ns a cate EEG o, oe 
Band on segment 1 interrupted ; novellas submoniliform, fulvous 
beneath. Se erage: : saisGn«) « encra LCM A PICS) LON: 
Band on segment 1 continuous ; ‘Hapetidis auneealle dark, piceous be- 
neath, the joints unusually cylindrical..................duteolum. 


Nomada Scop. 
Females. 
Head and thorax black, with ferruginous ornaments ; abdomen black, 
with yellow ornaments ; interrupted line on segment 1, lateral marks 


on 2~3, continuous fasciz on 4-5. Ait Gee Aas . vicina. 
Head and thorax red, sutures, depresed and coneealed poations 


Scutel quite low, convex, havdily pipbede joint 4 shorter than 12; 
black colour of head and thorax rather preponderating over the red ; 
a yellow spot on each side of segments 2—3, two spots on each side 


of A, a band or two Spots ON s5).cr wid «+p apne sp Els =e xa ee RMR 
Scutel crested, bilobed........ hes es Ss RR 5), AN LS aR oe 
samt shionter Wehamrnes. a 7ss.0) cme nse cake aes «2. ce eee eee ae 
VOMNE Aces: MOM Eras 7 a ere os co, ae hs aan p a eNO als el GRAB ae a ge a 


Front coxz with sake spines ; Byeidiaes Br euic | yellow fascia on 
segment 5 opaque, ae rugose, rather sparsely, festirg punctured ; 
scutel strongly crested. eg Bers (tig . .denticulata. 

Front coxz without spines ; “pymitinta broadly subauneMee Peeenser. * 

A spot on each side of segments 2-3, two subdiscal cuneate spots on 
4; band on 5 shining, coarsely punctured ; larger....... Cressoniz. 

A spot on each side of segments 2-3; smaller................Sayt. 

A spot on each side of segments 2—3, and usually a band or two spots 
on 5; pygidium broadly rounded, closely pubescent .. ///inoiensis. 

A spot on each side of segments 2-5 ; the smallest species... parva. 


Males. 
Abdomen mainly reddish ; vein a before V,...... spl ectetetnhio- hohe sig 
Abdomen mainly black. . ioe eee wih helatiy atkees eae sei lgt ees 


. Segments 2-3 with a cnae on veagh sist I neta with an interrupted 


band, 4 with a band or two spots on each side, 5 with a discal band 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179 





and a spot on each side, 6 like 5, or the lateral spots wanting, 


with apex slightly notched. Rtas ist SE ad < Seer . vicina. 
Segments 1-6 with bands canine or idasljo SO, ase a « sepapaten 
spot-on, ecachisidesal: Gants eee tees ole Vinee as 

2. Joints 7-10 wider than Ne segment 7 stron; aly Botched’ pleura, 
scutel and legs marked with yellow ; vein a beyond V,...... saltcis. 
Joints 7-10 longer than wide ; segment 7 slighly notched ; pleura and 
scutel black ; legs less yellow; vein a before Vy..........s¢mplex. 


3. Flagellum distinctly denticulate beneath ; front coxee with short spines ; 
a spot on each side of segment 2, sometimes one on 1, usually con- 


iauows bands OM g—Gi) 2S oo ee a a ener ara 
Pcemumr ane tomteexce OFdinary 0 Avs vac ss ea near eee 
AeOMMerd SHOKLCT Tham Hae Sek R ee ek Te glace alils wu Reg: eee eo 
SPORRER AL ais LOMBt AS Este lhe ota ei ake tah oes ct fon alata oe ene 

Pee nonin warsehy seu’ Mareen. wy es amie. bate tt tees eo . Cressonit. 
Thorax almost entirely black ; sthhallen! Se tN Cee OED, .. Sayt. 

6. Apical half of abdomen peatieh rales juints of Aciosttdin iansle! than 
WIG? vt eG hee: . Lllinoiensis. 
Apical half of abdomen ‘Blnekishe midates soins of Aaseliun hardly 
FOB Ger Unam  WIGe:s 2 «keer ea Se eres nes od eae a Meee Ee 





THE,” NORTH “AMERICAN SPECIES: OF PEDILOPHORUS, 
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


The Byrrhidz of this continent have received a comparatively small 
share of attention at the hands of systematists for many years, so that it is 
not at all surprising to find novelties among recently-collected material. 
Two new forms of the genus Pedi/ophorus have recently been detected 
among the accumulations in my cabinet, both of them from the west ; no 
doubt still others remain to reward explorers of the mountain ranges and 
of the northern districts. The European fauna contains ten species, while 
but four were previously known from North America. For the sake of 
better understanding of the new forms, I have constructed the following 
table, by means of which our native species may be identified : 

A. Elytral punctuation disposed in broad vitte, alternating with nearly 
Smooth: SiLipes.., «34 INEM atarra sie snatch pean). 5 Wipe CCOMT OL! Mae Sey 

AA. Elytral punctuation not disposed in vittee. 
b. Tarsi simple. A green-bronzed species, clothed with coarse 
WiHIGIS Mares an ster IMCs «lacs tay eitine sy» sete dys eneolus, Lec. 


180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





bb. Tarsi with third joint lobed beneath. 
c. Bright green or bronzed species, pubescence fine, 
recumbent, without intermixed bristles. 

d. Acuminate behind, the elytra narrowing from 
in front of the middle. 
-16inch..............acuminatus, Mann. 

dd. Form oblong, elytra parallel, or nearly so, to a 
point about one-third from tip. 
18 INChiss yeeegr ook 2S in ee mabdoreetes Neee: 
cc. Blackish species, metallic tinge lacking or inconspicuous. 
e. Pubescence extremely fine, whitish and ochreous, 
intermixed with conspicuous black bristle-like 
hairs!) 67 meh. 30 os elie). ce Subcanusy dbeG, 
ee. Pubescence whitish or yellowish, not intermixed 
with bristle-like hairs. .16 inch. hesperus, n. sp. 

In a cabinet arrangement it might be better to place odblongus 
between acuminatus and @neolus, and to make sudbcanus follow hesperus 
rather than precede it. This is the sequence I have adopted in the notes 
below. 

P. Lecontei, n. sp.—Oblong-ovate, very convex, bronzed, shining, 
with extremely fine, sparse, recumbent pubescence. Head with fine, 
well-separated punctures, front convex. Antenne gradually clavate, 
passing the base of the thorax, blackish, the intermediate portion reddish; 
first joint large, second subglobose, third nearly twice as long as the 
second, but much more slender, fourth to tenth becoming broader, but 
subequal in length, eleventh oval, pointed. Thorax broadest at base, 
strongly narrowed anteriorly, sides scarcely arcuate, a rather deep 
submarginal lateral impression, which curves inward at the hind angles ; 
posterior angles large, acute, but with somewhat irregular outline, basal 
marginal line distinct, fine, a small fovea in front of the scutellum ; disk 
finely, regularly punctured, the punctures separated by a space about 
equal to their own diameters. Elytra continuing the outline of the thorax, 
becoming slightly broader to a point about one-third from apex, thence 
rapidly narrowing, tips separately rounded ; an oblique impression near 
the apex, which renders the declivity more gibbous; surface deeply, 
regularly and rather closely punctured in longitudinal bands, which leave 
the sutural region and four vittz on each elytron nearly smooth. Beneath 
rather coarsely and deeply-punctured abdominal segments becoming 
gradually smoother in sequence. Legs closely punctured, all the femora 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181 





grooved ; tibice finely spinulose externally ; the anterior pair somewhat 
enlarged towards apex, the middle and hind ones of approximately 
uniform width in distal two-thirds. Third tarsal joint with a long lobe. 
Length, 8.5 mm. 

This species is much larger than any of the other described North 
American forms, and looks very much like an Amphicyrta. The peculiar 
punctuation of the elytra gives a vittate effect, recalling Cytz/us, but there is 
no alternation of elevation. Only the front tibiz are distinctly grooved for 
the reception of the tarsi. The antennal club is so gradually formed that 
it is difficult to say where it begins ; the third and fourth joints are of 
nearly the same width, while in the fifth the enlargement has became 
apparent. 

Cceur d'Alene, Idaho, two specimens, taken by myself in June, under 
logs. A third specimen from Vernon, B. C., collected by Mr. Venables 
and communicated by Dr, Fletcher, is slightly smaller, more brilliant, and 
a trifle more coarsely punctured, the marginal line of the prothorax is less 
marked, and the head has a frontal transverse row of three fovez, of 
which the middle one is larger and deeper. These fovez are non-essential, 
however, since one of my specimens has the median one distinct, the 
other showing also traces of the lateral fovee. 


P. eneolus, Leconte, New Species of North American Coleoptera, 
Sm. Misc. Coll., No. 167, 1866, p. 74. Originally described from a 
specimen in the Ulke Collection, captured in Nebraska. I have a 
number of examples of a Pedilophorus from Kalispell, Montana, which 
may belong here, though I am not quite satisfied with the determination. 
Mr. Fall expresses himself as being in doubt as to their exact status, and 
neither he nor myself have seen the type, which is now presumably in the 
Carnegie Museum at Pittsburg. 


P. oblongus, Leconte, Report upon Insects collected on the Survey, 
Pacific R.R. Expl. and Surv., 47th and 4oth parallels, p. 39 of separate. 
P. acuminatus{, Leconte, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Vol. VII., p. 135, 
Oregon, Leconte. I have specimens from Seattle, Washington, collected 
by 5S. Bethel. 


P. acuminatus, Mannerheim (Morychus acuminatus), Bull. Soc. Imp. 
Nat., Moscow, 1852, p. 341. The type specimens were collected under 
stones, among moss, at Sitka, Alaska, by Frankenhzeuser and Pipingskceld. 
Dr. Fletcher records itas being taken at Massett, Queen Charlotte Islands, 
under moss during the winter, by Rev. J. H. Keen. I took a single 


182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


individual at Hunter’s Bay, Alaska, from a cut place on the trunk of a 
conifer. ‘Two specimens in my cabinet, collected by Rev. Geo. W. 
Taylor, at Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, are a little more deeply punctured. 

P. hesperus, 0. sp.—Oblong, blackish, feebly shining, a faint zneous 
tinge, pubescence pale, recumbent, moderately coarse. Head deeply and 
densely, rather coarsely, punctured, front with a distinct median fovea, 
around which the punctures are less crowded. Antenne gradually 
clavate, about reaching the base of the thorax, piceous-red, club blackish ; 
first joint large and heavy, second subglobose, not quite as thick as the 
first, third more slender than the second but nearly as long, fourth and 
fifth subequal, a trifle shorter than the third, sixth broader, seventh to 
tenth wide, subequal in length, eleventh nearly twice as long as the tenth, 
oval, pointed. ‘Thorax distinctly, finely and rather closely punctured, 
narrowed anteriorly, the sides not arcuate but slightly sinuate, lateral 
margin sharp, front and hind angles acute. Scutelluim covered with pale 
yellowish pubescence. Elytra continuing the outline of the thorax, finely, 
distinctly and fairly closely punctured and indistinctly sulcate, sides 
subnarallel, tips conjointly rounded. Beneath rufo-piceous, thickly clothed 
with pale pubescence, which almost conceals the sculpture, especially on 
the abdomen. Legs piceous, femora paler, all grooved for the reception 
of the tibie. Tibiz spinulose externally, front and middle pairs with 
exterior margin arcuate, hind pair simply broader towards tip. Third 
tarsal joint lobed beneath. Length, 4 mm. 

Leadville, Colorado, July, taken by myself under stones on a hillside. 
The front tibiz alone are grooved for the reception of the tarsi. The 
antennee are much stouter in comparison than those of P. Leconte: In 
general appearance this insect approaches P. sudcanus, but is at once 
distinguished by the lack of bristly hairs among the pubescence. From 
acuminatus it may readily be separated by colour and outline ; oddongus 
differs in the bright green colour, strongly shining surface and lack of 
elytral sulcations, while @zeo/us should at once be separable by the simple 
tarsi. 

P. subcanus, Leconte, Coleoptera of Michigan, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 
XVII., 1878, p. 609. Described from Escanaba, Lake Superior. I have 
it from Bayfield, Wisconsin, on the southern shore of the same lake, and 
from Leadville, Cclorado. 





Mailed June 4th, 1903. 


' ' 





lhe €anadian ¥ntomalogist. 








Wor XV. LONDON, JULY, 1903. No. 7 








A COLEOPTEROUS CONUNDRUM. 
BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON. 





A year ago, May 1902, I hada peculiar entomological experience. 
I had returned from Florida to my home in New York about the middle 
of April, had spent two or three weeks arranging and classifying my 
captures of the winter, sending off duplicates and doubtful species to 
specialists, and preparing my collection for the summer months of my 
absence. A full fortnight must pass before I should leave town for my 
New Hampshire summer home, and I already pined for a little collecting. 
Suddenly I recalled the existence of some old boxes of insects which had 
been crowded out of my regular collection-room some years before. They 
were in a closet opening from a hall on the second floor. This closet had 
been built especially for the preservation of woollen clothing and its 
protection from ravages of the devouring moth, its walls, shelves and 
drawers being made of red cedar. But after a period of many years— 
nearly forty, I think—the wood has lost its protective odour, and the place 
is often visited by insect pests. It, however, still bears the name of the 
“cedar-closet,” and here had been stored for several years the overflow 
from my collection. In a leisure hour, one chilly May day, feeling a 
touch of the entomologist’s fitful fever, I said to a friend, in a sportive 
mood, “I am going to try the cedar-closet, who knows what discoveries 
I may make in those old boxes of bugs?” As unconscious of the great 
discovery awaiting me there as was probably Isaac Newton before that 
attractedly gravitating apple fell to the ground, I started on my quest. 
The first box I opened contained lepidoptera from Franconia, chiefly 
moths, taken several years before, and of little value or rarity. It was a 
wreck, clouds of dust rose from it as I lifted the cover, and broken bits of 
wings and bodies rolled about as I moved the box. Disagreeable, stealthy 
Anthrenus larve, of all sizes, glided about among the ruins. Of course 
this must be attended to, and the infested specimens thrown away ; so I 
carried the box with its contents to my room for further examination, 


184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





There was a little fire burning in a low grate, and into this I began 
throwing the insect debris. As I tried to pick up some of the slippery 
Anthrenus larve I noticed among them what seemed to be tiny brown 
ants. I had never seen any ants in the cedar-closet, so wetting my finger 
I lifted one of the little creatures and dropped it into a poison bottle. 
When it was quiet I took it out and examined it with my magnifying 
glass. It was no ant, but—what was it? I had never seen anything 
resembling it. Indeed, for a time I was not sure even to what order it 
belonged. Was it hemipterous, hymenopterous, coleopterous, or what? 
I put a half dozen specimens into the bottle, and a little later mounted 
two of them on a card triangle and sent them to Mr. Liebeck, in 
Philadelphia, for identification. At this juncture I felt no excitement, 
not much curiosity. Though quite unfamiliar to me, the species was 
probably well known to experienced entomologists as a museum pest; 
thus I thought to myself. But next day came a postal from Mr. Liebeck. 
He did not recognize my capture ; had seen nothing like it ; had it not 
been introduced with some of my specimens from South Florida? he 
asked. “It is a very curious insect, apterous, you see. Though provided 
with jaws and elytra, the usual characteristics of coleoptera, its antenne 
seem very peculiar ones for a beetle. But I will examine it further 
and report.” ‘Thus he wrote, and I began to feel the first thrill of interest. 
This certainly could not be a familiar museum pest if such an experienced 
entomologist as Mr. Liebeck failed to recognize it. I went back to my 
box of infested moths and sought more specimens of the cunning little 
pest, securing about twenty specimens. These I carried with me to the 
mountains when I went there the latter part of May. Soon after my 
arrival in Franconia I sent specimens to Mr. Frederick Blanchard, and he 
wrote concerning them: “These beetles are very queer indeed; I 
haven’t at present the slightest idea what they are related to. They 
reminded me at first sight of certain small Hemiptera. I hope to send 
you something further about them before very long.” 

A fortnight later Mr. Blanchard wrote again: ‘‘ The very remarkable 
little beetle which you found devouring your specimens with Anthrenus is 
still an interrogation. I can, so far, find nothing at all like it in any of my 
boxes. A week ago I sent sketches with details, asking Henshaw’s aid, 
but I haven’t a word from him yet. The beetle is so very peculiar it 
should be easily identified if well known. ‘The antennz appear to be 
entire and alike in both specimens, but with only nine joints, 3-5 being 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 





rather difficult to count, they are so small. One of the long joints is 
shorter than the others, but I don’t recall whether it is the 7th or 8th. 
This is a very peculiar form of antenna, and would still be so if there were 
the normal number of eleven joints. Your insect is furnished with a single 
ocellus between the eyes, which is a very rare character in beetles. Some 
Dermestide have one ocellus, and in the Homalini of the Staphylinidee 
there are two somewhat distant ones. The only other instance I have been 
able to find is in the case of Hylotomus bucephalus, from Sierra Leone, 
belonging to the family Pausside, which is not represented in this 
country. Here there are again two ocelli. I shall probably hear from 
Cambridge in a day or two, and will write you again.” A few days later 
he wrote: “I heard from Henshaw yesterday. Like myself, he is unable 
to furnish any clue at all to the beetle’s relations. I[ think that all that can 
be said of it is that it is a member of the great Serricorn series, which 
includes such a variety of types. In the Leconte and Horn Classification 
this embraces families XXXIX.—LI., but Casey (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 
Vol. VI., p. 76) is inclined to go further and add several other groups, 
hitherto considered Clavicorn. Just where your beetle comes in I can’t 
say. The whole arrangement of the Serricornia would have to be care- 
fully studied first, as it does not appear that your anomaly belongs to any 
recognized family.” I had, in one of my letters to Mr. Blanchard, spoken 
of the varied contents of the cedar-closet in which the puzzling pest was 
found, and hinted jocosely that the presence of some ancient Egyptian 
relics, mummy wrappings, beads and images of Osiris, might possibly 
account for this strange visitant. He writes: ‘I note your playful 
remarks about a possible relation to ancient Egyptian dynasties, disclosed 
from the tombs of the Pharaohs and starting upon a new career of useless- 
ness, and am reminded of the stories of still fertile seeds of grain reported 
to have been taken from tombs in the land of the Nile.” 

In the meantime I had sent specimens to Messrs. Schwarz and Fall. 
The former was too busy just them to reply, but I heard through others 
that he was unable to throw any light on the matter. Mr. Fall wrote: 
“T have just received your letter and the box containing specimens of that 
most astonishing little creature found eating your specimens in New York. 
I would like much to know the circumstances a little more exactly. 
Were the specimens attacked native or exotic? If native, were they from 
Florida? And how long had they been in the box? Could they have 
found access from any other source in the closet itself? I feel sure that 


186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





the beetle is not a member of our fauna. I saw Mr. Schwarz in Wash- 
ington, and asked him if he had located your find. He said he could 
make nothing of it. I shall at once send one, at least, of the specimens 
to Dr. Sharp, and will promptly report to you what he says. An attempt 
to place it with our classification gives only negative results, but it certainly 
possesses as many points in common with the Lymexylidie as with any 
family which we have. But that frontal ocellus!! And those antennex ! !! 
I hope to study it further soon.” A few weeks later Mr. Fall wrote again, 
and, referring to what he calls ‘‘ your conundrum which none of us can 
guess,” he said: “I sent a specimen to Dr. Sharp, of Cambridge, 
England, and have to-day received a letter from him, in which he admits 
never having seen anything like it. There is nothing at all resembling it 
in the Palearctic fauna, he says. He doesn’t know what family to assign 
it to, but suggests that it may belong to the Dermestidz, on the strength 
of the frontal ocellus. The mystery deepens. The creature is such a 
ghostly, unsubstantial thing for a beetle—a regular coleopterous ghoul— 
that I almost find myself wondering if, when I look in the box again, I 
won't find it vanished into thin air. Did you find it actually feeding on 
the specimens? Was there sign of larvee? Pardon my numerous ques- 
tions, but the case is so remarkable that I would get all possible informa- 
tion. We must, perhaps, put some coleopterous Sherlock Holmes on the 
trail to run this fellow down.” After another letter from me he writes : 
“The fact that you found numerous larve of Anthrenus in your box of 
moths would certainly account for the damage done, but the further fact 
of shaking these little creatures from the bodies of the moths would 
indicate that they themselves were not entirely guiltless. I suppose the 
age and character of the box is such that the beetles could not possibly 
have come from its wood or lining? Well, I give it up.” And there my 
story practically ends. 

Before I left New York in May I had bottled all the specimens I could 
find in the infested box and returned it, with its debris of half-devoured 
insects, to the cedar-closet. There also were at least a half dozen similar 
boxes containing insects, all infested by Anthrenus, and possibly other 
pests, but not one of the little anomalous creatures could be found among 
these. On my return in October I at once opened the’ closet and 
examined my ‘“‘ traps ” with their tempting bait. Not a sign of the curious 
beetle was there. Nor has it ever reappeared. My little stock obtained 
a year ago is much diminished, I having sent specimens to various corre- 
spondents. Shall I ever find more specimens of what I have sometimes, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187 





in chat over my discovery, styled /gnotus enigmaticus? I trow not. 
For me—a woman, and therefore, of course, full of vain imaginings— 
those creatures had no beginning ; no egg, grub or pupa preceded them ; 
no weary, slow-paced evolutionary process developed the strange little 
beings. They sprang into full, perfect imago life in those May days, 
having no family, no relations, belonging to no class, their secret to be 
unlocked by no key, artificial or natural ; unfathomable mysteries, unsolv- 
able problems, unguessable conundrums. Was it to confound the wise 
they came? to fulfil a prophecy I find in a certain old bock, “ lies 
shall the seers be ashamed, and the diviners confounded ”? 


BUTTERELY ‘NOTES. FROM TORONTO) FOR) toez: 
BY J. B. WILLIAMS, F. Z. S. 

On the 24th of May I went collecting, with a friend, in High Park. 
We each took a specimen of the Tailed-Blue (Z. comyntas), but found, 
as we had expected, that it was too early for Scudder’s Blue. On turning 
over an old boot that was lying on the grass, I saw a chrysalis of ZL. 
Scudderii attached to the under side ; an ant was also on the sole of the 
boot, and ran round and round and over the chrysalis several times 
before going away; being, apparently, quite agitated by the disturbance. 
Is it possible that this ant was keeping some sort of guard over the 
chrysalis, as ants are supposed to do over the larvee of Z. Scudderti? Its 
presence on the boot may have been merely accidental, but still, its 
movements gave one the impression that it was loth to leave the chrysalis, 
and would have liked to carry it away, if that had been possible. 

A slight touch removed the pupa from the boot, and I kept it until 
the 30th of May, when the butterfly emerged, and proved to be a female. 

On September 20-and 27 I collected in two places where large 
numbers of the Clouded Sulphur (Colas philodice) were flying about, 
and noticed a good many of the white female form. I took five of them, 
altogether, and saw several more that I did not capture. 

In 1go1, I do not remember seeing a single white specimen. Is it 
right to speak of these females as albinos; at any rate, in the ordinary 
sense In which that word is used? Mr. Grote suggested, in the CANADIAN 
Entomo.ocist for April, 1902, the probability of the dark female form 
“slaucus” of Papilio turnus, being a recurrence of the colour of an 
earlier species from which it had been derived; as female butterflies 





generally represent the conservative element, and males the liberal or 
progressive side, of insect life. 


* 


188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The white female of P2z/odice may, therefore, be a colour survival of 
some whitish butterfly from which ail the species of Cod/as were originally 
derived. Some of them have still altogether white females ; while others, 
like our Philodice, have the two forms—the older type being the scarcer 
of the two. Northern Asia seems to be the special home of the genus, so 
that the original PAi/odice may have come to us from north-east Siberia, 
via Alaska ; and perhaps somewhat resembled the existing Arctic Sulphur 
(GC. nastes). 

There is a small opening in the woods at High Park, where Leonard’s 
Skipper is usually abundant, during the brief period of its existence as a 
butterfly. A stream runs along one side, and grass and flowers and bits 
of marshy ground make it an ideal home for several members of the 
Skipper family. 

On the 30th of August I found plenty of males there that had 
recently emerged, but none of the other sex. By the middle of September 
females were plentiful, but males hard to find. One wet and cloudy 
afternoon, when all other butterflies had disappeared, two specimens of 
Leonardus were seen resting on the flowering plants in this opening. I 
went there on September the 27th, hoping to bring home some live 
females and secure some eggs, but all had disappeared. So that in this 
locality, apparently, their butterfly existence lasts for barely one month 
out of the twelve. Many common butterflies were scarce last summer, 
owing, I suppose, to the comparatively cold and wet season; but the 
Skippers did not seem to be much affected thereby, and were plentiful all 
through the summer. 





TWELVE-SPOTTED ASPARAGUS BEETLE IN CONNECTICUT. 


Crioceris 12-punctata, Linn., is an introduced species, and has been 
working northward from Maryland, according to Professor J. B. Smith, 
who some time ago informed me that it was present in New Jersey, and 
would in time reach Connecticut, The first specimen recorded from the 
State was taken by a student assistant June, 16th, 1902, who collected a 
single specimen on asparagus upon the Station grounds in New Haven. 
On May 23rd, 1903, I took male and female specimens from the same 
locality. We may now expect this species to become thoroughly 
established here as a pest of asparagus, injuring the plants in the same 
manner as the common asparagus beetle, C. asparagi, Linn,—W. E. 
Britton, New Haven, Conn. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 








BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The genus Corethra was founded by Meigen in 1803,* on TZipula 
culiciformis, De Geer, and in April, 1844, Loew erected the genus 
Mochlonyx,} on Corethra velutina, Ruthe, basing it on the shortened first 
joint of the tarsi, a character mentioned by Ruthe in his original descrip- 
tion. The characters of the tarsi of cudiciformis cannot be ascertained 
from De Geer’s description and figures.{ On page 386 of the same volume 
of his Memoires, which contains the account of this species, is a descrip- 
tion and brief account of a related species, which he named TZzpula 
crystallina, with a reference to Reaumur’s Memoires, V., plate 6, figures 
4-15, where, at 4 and 7, amore slender larva without a trace of a subanal 
respiratory tube is shown; contrasting with the broader larva furnished with 
a large respiratory tube, as represented in De Geer’s figures of cadiciformts ; 
the descriptions and figures which these authors give of cystadlina do not 
indicate the characters of the tarsal joints of the adult. Thus matters 
stood at the time that Loew erected his genus J/och/onyx, and continued 
so until the year 1883. 

In that year Dr. Fr. Meinert, of Copenhagen, published the results of 
his breeding of the adults from these two forms of larve,§ asserting that 
the tubeless larva of crystaZ/ina produced an adult with elongated first 
tarsal joints as in Corethra in the sense of Loew, whereas the adult bred 
from the larva of cudiciformis had the very short first tarsal joints of 
Mochionyx. Some of the adults last mentioned were submitted to V. von 


Roder, of Hoym, Germany, an experienced dipterologist, who confirmed 
? ? y, § 





their reference to AZochlonyx,|| adding that, with the exception of having 
the hairs on the abdomen and legs shorter, they are identical with Ruthe’s 
species, two specimens of which were in his collection, received from 


Ruthe himself. It seems very certain, therefore, that the type species of 








*Tlliger’s Magasin, II., p. 260. +Ent. Zeit. Stettin, p. 121. {Memoires, VLI., p. 
372, pl. 23, figs. 3-12. SOvers. Kon. Danske Vid. Selsk, Forh., pp. I-17, and 
Resume, pp. 7-11. ||Entom, Nach., July, 1885, p. 217. 


190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Mochlonyx, if not the same, is at least congeneric with that of Corethra ; 
in other words, Loew applied the former name to the wrong division of 
Corethra, in consequence of which his proposed new generic name is a 
pure synonym of the latter. 

Owing to the mistake of Loew, it will be necessary to give a new 
generic name to the group representing Corethra, Loew (not Meigen), and 
for this genus the name Sayomyza is proposed, in honour of the immortal 
Thomas Say ; it will be readily recognized among the short-beaked Culi- 
cidz by having the hairs of the antenne gathered into whorls, the inter- 
vening spaces being almost bare, and by having the first tarsal joint 
longer than the second. ‘The type species is Corethra punctipennis, Say. 

The genus Corethra (= Mochlonyx) has not yet been reported from 
this country. Several years ago I received a specimen from Mrs. Annie 
T. Slosson, collected at Franconia, N. H., and later two more specimens 
were received from the same source, while in April of the present year the 
Same species was detected at Mt. Vernon, Va., by Mr. W. V. Warner, of 
the U. S. National Museum. This species will readily be recognized by 
its banded legs and mottled wings, and may be characterized as follows: 
Corethra cinctipes, new species. 

Blackish brown, the apices of the antennal joints except the last joint, 
the halteres, bases of the segments of abdomen in the male, base and 
under side of femora, a broad band near four-fifths of their length, their 
extreme apices, bases of tibie and a band near one-fourth of their length, 
also bases of the first three or four joints of the tarsi, yellow; hairs of male 
antenne brown, their bases yellow, those at tips of antennz almost wholly 
yellow ; thorax grayish pruinose, marked with four black vitte ; wings 
grayish hyaline, hairs of veins black and with yellow ones as follows: on 
the bases and apices of the veins, on the first vein where the second issues 
from it, on the second vein where the third issues from it and at the point 
where it forks, on the fourth vein at the insertion of the cross-vein and also 
where this vein forks, and on the fifth vein where it forks ; first sub- 
marginal cell nearly twice as long as its petiole, cross-vein at apex of 
second basal cell less than its length before the one above it; tarsal claws 
of male each bearing two long, slender teeth on the under side, one near 
the base and the other near the middle, those of the female with a single 
tooth near the base of each; length, 3 to 4.5 mm. Five males and one 
female. Type No. 6839, U.S. National Museum. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a9) 








SOME NEW RECORDS OF COCCID4:. 
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. 

The following list of Coccidze, which have been sent to me for study, 
adds considerably to the known range of a large number of species, while 
several new food-plants are indicated ; and as no records of the species 
herein cited have appeared, to my knowledge, other than in one or two 
instances in some of my published papers on the Cocc/de, it seems, 
therefore, that these miscellaneous results should be recorded. -It will 
also show to some extent what is being done in a private laboratory for 
the advancement of science. I have classified the records for my own 
convenience into States as follows : 


MAINE, 

These were all collected and sent to me by Mr. Oliver O. Stover, of 
Freeport, Maine, in rgor ; the first two species living out of doors and 
the remainder being found under glass in greenhouses. 

Calymnatus hesperidum and Aspidiotus hedere on Hedera hybernica 
were associated together. 

Mytilaspis ulmi, \.., on apple twigs, Portland, Me. 

Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch, on bark of apple, Westbrook, Me. 

Diaspis Boisduvalti, Sign., on Latania barbarica and Livingstonia 
Chinensis, Portland, Me. . 

Aspidiotus hedere, Vall., on Oleander at Westbrook, and on 
Japonica variegata, Portland, and on Hedera hybernica at Portland, Me. 

Calymnatus hesperidum, L., on Yucca, Westbrook, Me. 


VERMONT. 

These were collected by Mr. C. Abbot Davis, of Providence, R. L., 
in 1902, at Burlington, Vt. 

Eulecanium quercitronis, Fitch., on oak. 

Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv., on maple. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Prof. W. E. Britton, of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment 
Station, New Haven, Conn., sent the following in 1902 : 

Saissetia filicum, Boisd., on fern (Hyrtominum falcatum) in Station 
greenhouse. 

Saissetia hemispherica, Varg., on fern ( Pterts trimula), and Dryop- 
teris mollis ? in Station greenhouse, 


192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Eulecanium Kingit, Ckll., on sassafrass, and an Lulecanium, Sp., 
found on grapevine, Bristo!, Conn., which were in poor condition and 
undeterminable. 

Dr. Geo. Dimmock, of Springfield, Mass., on a short collecting trip 
found the following species in Conn. in 1900: 

Saissetia hemispherica, Targ., on two distinct species of fern in a 
greenhouse, Warehouse Point, Conn. 

Mytilaspis ulmi, L., on leather leaf (Cassandra calyculata) and on 
Fraxinus Americana, Milford, Conn. 

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Marg., on Ficus elastica under glass, 
Enfield, Conn. 

Asterolecanium variolosum, Ratz.—Sent to me recently by Prof. 
Britton ; on scariet oak ; found by the superintendent of parks in 
Hartford, on a single tree in a nursery. The scales evidently had killed 
the tree, as the twigs sent me were dead. 


RHODE ISLAND. 


Mr. C. Abbot Davis collected and sent the following in 1902 : 

Eulecanium nigrofasciatum, Perg., on soft maple in Roger Williams 
Park, Providence, R. I., and attended by ants. 

Eulecanium quercitronis, Fitch., on black and white oak and white 
maple; also on cork tree (imported) in Roger Williams Park, Prov., R. I. 

Eulecanium Fletcheri, Ck\l., on white cedar, Providence. 

Eulecanium cerasifex, Fitch., on wild black cherry, peach and pear. 

Eulecanium Cockerelli, on wild black cherry, Prov., R. 1. 

Eulecanium persice, Fabr., on linden and pear, attended by Formica 
lastoides, var. picea, Km. 

Eulecanium Canadense, Ckll., on red and white maple, tulip tree, 
linden and two other imported trees, species unknown, in Roger Williams 
Park, Providence. 

Eulecanium cynosbati, Fitch., on locust, Providence. 

Calymnatus hesperidum,L.,on orange in a dwelling-house, Providence. 

Pulvinarta innumerabilis, Rathy., on an imported tree in Roger 
Williams Park, Prov. ; 

Pulvinaria rhois, Ehrh., on sumac, Providence. 

Kermes Kingii, Ckll., on black oak, in Roger Williams Park, Prov. 

Kermes pubescens, Bogue, on white oak in Roger Williams Park, 


Prov. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193 





Gossyparia ulmi, Geoff., on bark of elm in Roger Williams Park, 
Prov. 

Phenococcus acericola, King, on maple, Providence. 

Aspidiotus, sp., probably new, on white pine, Providence ; not 
sufficient for study. 

Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch., on bark of apple, Providence. 

Chionaspis pinifolii, Fitch., on white and Scotch pine, Roger 
Williams Park, Prov. 

Chionaspis Americana, Johns, on elm, Providence. 

Mytilaspis ulmi, L., on dogwood ? 

The following species were found associated together: &. cerasifex 
and &. Cockere/di on wild cherry, 2. persice and £. Canadense on linden; 
E. persice and £. cerasifex on pear, £.cerasifex and E. Cockerelli on elm. 


GEORGIA. 

The following were received from Prof. W. M. Scott, State 
Entomologist of Georgia, 1902 : 

Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv., on pecan and black gum _ at 
Albany. 

Eulecanium magnoliarum, Ckll., on Magnolia grandifiora, Mar- 
shallville. 

Eulecanium tulipifere, Cook, on tulip tree. 


MISSISSIPPI. 
The following were received from Prof. Glenn W. Herrick, of the 
Mississippi Agricultural Experiment Station in 1902: 
Chrysomphalus tenebricosus, Comst., on maple, Vicksburg, Miss. 
Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., on peach, Deean, Miss. 
Aspidiotus Forbesi, Johns, on peach, Stinson, Miss. 


ILLINOIS. 
Eulecanium fraxini, King, on bark of ash, Urbana, Ill., sent in by 
Prof. F. M. Webster, january, 1903. 
Eulecanium Folsomi, Ck\l. This isa small flat species found by 
Prof. Folsom in 1902 on paw-paw, at Urbana, IIl. 
Antenne 6-jointed, in 2 as follows : 
Points srs) 2mueese | atay itis. 11/6 
AG 2O0GRG2) TH 200 40 
AS 30m OT “20042436 


194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Legs thin ; coxa, 88; femur and trochanter, 108; tibia, g2; tarsus, 76 ; 
claw, 16; marginal spines of two sizes, 16 and 32 » long. Stigmatal 
spines in threes, middle one 60 p long ; laterals, 32 » long. I think the 
above species is yet to be published by Prof. Cockerell. 


Iowa. 


These were sent by Prof. Cockerell, collected by Prof. W. D. Hunter 
in 1goo, now of the Dept. of Agriculture at Washington, D. C. 
Eulecanium Cockerelli, Hunter, Ames, Iowa. 


Eulecunium Websteri, King, on Celtis occidentalis; also on Acer 
saccharinum, Ames, lowa. 


ARIZONA. 


Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathy., on Acer negundo, Prescott, Ariz.; 
coll. Cockereil, March 27, rgo2. 


CALIFORNIA. 


The following species were collected by Prof. Cockerell while taking 
some students and teachers through part of California in the summer of 
1gol, and were referred to me for study : 

Aspidiotus hedere, Vall., on leaves of Eucalyptus, Pasadena, Calif. 

Aspidiotus rapax, Comst., on Zsomeris arborea at San Pedro, Calif. 

Eriococcus adenostome, Ehrh., on Adenostoma at La Jolla, Calif; 
also on the same food-plant at San Pedro, Calif. 

Ceroplates irregnaris, on Atriplex confertifolia and A. polycarpa ? 
at Lone Pine, Inyo Co., Calif. They occur only near or under the 
ground. 

Dactylopius satinus, Ckll.. on grass on cliffs by the sea at La Jolla, 
Calif. 

Chionaspis pinifoliz, Fitch, on Pinus, sp. 

Pseudolecanium Californicum, Ehrh. 

Saissetia olee, Bern., was also found on this trip by Prof. Cockerell. 

Saissetia hemispherica, Targ., on pepper tree (Schianus malla), La 
Jolla, Calif. 

CoLorabo, 

The following species were collected by Prof. Bethel, High School, 
Denver, Colorado, and sent to Prof. Cockerell, who turned them over to 
me : 

Chionaspis Lintneri, Comst., on Ceanothus, Steamboat Springs, 
Colorado, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 





. 


Phenacoccus Cockerelli, n. sp. 

2 Scale red-brown, resting on a small white cottony sack projecting 
a little behind the insect’s body. Size small ; owing to #ts position upon 
the twigs, an accurate measurement could not be obtained. Cleared and 
pressed under a cover glass, 2 mm. in diameter, a little narrow behind. 
Derm colourless, mouth-parts yellowish-brown, antennz and legs slightly 
tinged with yellow. Anal lobes well developed, rounded, with one long 
bristle and several short spear-shaped spines and a few thin hairs ; they 
also show several round gland pits, these due, perhaps, to some of the 
spines being lost in process of clearing. No spines, pits or hairs on the 
derm. 

Antenne g-jointed ; measurements in p, joints : 


Op eee? agente ete Sg OME si A ORD). 1G 
269052  AAOb a 86 14Gy 36) 1361 '\'32'4- 60 


Front leg coxa, 80 ; femur and trochanter, 200 ; tibia, 132; tarsus, 72; 
claw, 28. Hab.—On Amelanchier, Steamboat Springs, Colorado. 

Aspidiotus Howardi, Ckll. (var. ancylus ?), on ash (Fraxinus), 
Denver, Col., July 28, 1902. The scales on the under side of leaf (along 
the mid-rib) are very pale, while those on the upper side are dark. The 
leaf on both sides along the mid-rib is faded to a light yellow, due from 
the infestation. 

These were sent to Prof. Cockerell by Prof. Gillette, of the Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station, Fort Collins, Col. A single scale on currant 
twig, which proved to be Lulecanium quercifex, Fitch. 

Phenacoccus Cockerelli, on service berry (Amelanchier), at Gunnison, 
Col.; coll. Prof. Ball, Sept. 20, ’92. In some respects these differ from 
those secured from Prof. Gillette and described above. ‘They are a little 
larger; when boiled in liquid potash, they turn toa deep bright claret colour. 
The females were filled with young larvee, and this might account for the 
size. The insect is viviparous. 

Pulvinaria innumerabilis, subsp., Betheli,n. subsp.—@ Scale dark 
brown, ovisac as in ¢zaumeradi/is, cleared and pressed under cover glass 
4 mm. in diameter. Derm practically colourless, slightly tinged with 
yellow. Antenne 8-jointed ; measurements are, in p: 


onmtsiat ue we, gt) Aa A eG gn!!! 8 
OS SO" Sor 72a 2o> 52) 44 
68 52 86 68 60 40 32 48 


196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Front leg coxa, 120; femur and trochanter, 220; tibia, 160; tarsus, 92. 
Stigmatal spines thin, sharp, 24 » long. 

Hab.—On birch ( BetuZa), in Colorado ; collected by Prof. E. Bethel, 
sent to Prof. Cockerell by Prof. Gillette, who supposed them to be 
P. betule, Linn.-Signoret. In the antenne it is near to P. ¢i/e, King and 
Ckll., but this scale is much larger and of a different colour. 


New MExiIco. 


These were sent by Prof. Cockerell in rgor: 


Chionaspis pinifoli, Fitch., on Pinus, sp., at Arroyo Pecos, East Las 
Vegas, N. M. 


Dactylopius gutieuezia, Ckll., on Gutreuezia, at Arroyo Pecos, East 
Las Vegas, N. M.; coll. Mrs. W. P. Cockerell. 


Pseudolecanium Californicum, Ehrh, East Las Vegas, N. M. 
Dactylopius pseudonife, Ckll., on house fern, East Las Vegas, N. M. 


Orthezia occidentalis, Dougl.; alt., 8,000 feet above the sea level : 
Peulah sapeilo Canon, N. M. 

Eulecanium pruinosumvar. kermoides, Tyrrell, 1896. This species was 
described in the Annual Report of the California Experiment Station, in 
1896, by Miss M.W, Tyrrell, as Lecanium pruinosum, var. kermoides, found 
on oak in California. In Prof. Cockerell’s Check List, p. 339, it is listed, 
and he states that he doubts if it belongs to pruwinosum ; in his first Sup- 
plement, p. 394, it is listed as a synonym of gwercitronis. In October, 
1902, he collected some scales infesting Quercus Emoryi (Emory’s oak), at 
Las Vegas, Hot Springs, N. M., at about 7,000 feet alt.; examples of 
these he forwarded to me, and in his note accompanying them stated that 
he believed them to be Z. kermoides. The ¢ scales are red-brown, 
kermes-like in shape, average size 344 mm. in diameter and 3 mm. high. 
Antenne 7-jointed ; joint (1) 32, (2) 32, (3) 48, (4) 48, (5) 20, (6) 20, 
(7) 403; joints one and two are equal in most cases ; three and four are 
equal, when not, joint four seems to be the longest ; five and six are equal 
and shortest. -Leg coxa, 96; femur and trochanter, 148; tibia, 100; 
tarsus, 68. The species in the antennze comes near to /. guercitronis, 
Fitch. There is no doubt that kermoides is a distinct species. In a 
recent letter from Prof. Cockerell he says he believes Mr. Pergande holds 
that erxmoides is a distinct species. It, however, belongs to a very 
puzzling group where the antenne are very variable. In guercitronis I 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 





have found joints 3 and 4 to be equal in length, sometimes 3 longer than 
4,and again 4 would be longer than 3, and in one instance joint 3 was 
very long, 108 » ; in this case joint 4 was only 24 yp long. 

Pulvinaria innumerabilis, on Aesculus octandra, East Las Vegas, 
NoM:.; Oct..14; r9a2- 





A NEW SAWELY. 


BY R. A. COOLEY, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BOZEMAN, MONTANA. 


The Sawfly here described is a common pest on the leaves of various 
species of Populus in Montana, and a Bulletin dealing with its life-history 
and economic significance is about to be published from the Montana 
Experiment Station. We give here an outline of its life-history, followed 
by descriptions of the two sexes. 

The adults appear on the foliage in May and continue there for 
about eight weeks. The female deposits her eggs singly on the very 
young, tender leaves, and at the same time stings them in such a way as 
to cause the edge to fold under on the lower surface. The egg is found 
under the epidermis in the end of the fold nearer the petiole. One edge 
or both edges may be folded. The larva, at first, feeds in the fold, eating 
off the surface of the leaf, but later ventures out and eats holes in the 
leaves, always preserving the fold for a retreat. The cocoon is formed in 
the fold and drops to the earth with the leaf. This leaf, among the 
others on the ground, forms the hibernating place for the insect. 

In this paper the writer has adopted the form of description used by 
Mr. C. L. Marlatt in his valuable “ Revision of the Nematine of North 
America.” 

Pontania Bozemant, n. sp.—female.—Length 6 .mm.; robust ; 
emargination of clypeus a semicircle; lobes of the clypeus rounded ; 
longest hairs of the mouth-parts about as long as the distance from lobe 
to lobe of the clypeus; lateral furrows of the vertex broad and rather 
shallow ; ocellar basin distinctly defined ; frontal crest almost absent ; 
antennze moderately slender, 4 mm. long, with joints 3 and 4 subequal, 
joint 5 shorter, joints 6, 7, 8 and g sull shorter and subequal in length ; 
sheath acuminate, hairy below at the apex ; claws cleft for one-third their 
length. Colours principally resinous-yellow and black ; antennz, large 
spot on vertex, thorax above except sides of pronotum, dorsum of first 
abdominal segment, most of dorsum of second and spot on the next four 


198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





or five segments, glossy black ; spot under base of wings, spot at base 
of posterior coxa, black ; remainder of body resinous-yellow, except the 
sheath, which is very dark, around the mouth-parts, which is very light, 
and the posterior tarsi, which are darker above. Stigma light at base; 
veins brownish, lighter at base of wings. Wings iridescent. 

Male.—Length 5.75 mm. Differs from the female in being less 
robust, in having the clypeus more widely excavated, in having the entire 
dorsal surface of the abdomen back to genital parts glossy black, and in 
having a larger spot of black at base of posterior coxa. 





EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 


a.—Egg, showing the nearly mature embryo. 
b.—Larva. 

c.—Cocoon. 

d.—Adult female sawfly. 

e.—Side view of extremity of abdomen of female. 
f,—Egg-pocket under epidermis. 

g.—Leaf affected by the species, 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 199 





CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., SC. D., ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION 
OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 15.—Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 158.) 
Famity XLI.—Myrmoside. 

1899. Myrmoside, Family, Ashmead; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 
VEE, p: 40 and).6z. 

1903. Mullide, Famille (fartim), André; Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. 
Fam. Mutillide. 

This family, as here defined, is, I think, a za¢ura/ one, although some 
of the genera have been placed previously, by different authors, in other 
families, with the Sco/itde, Myzinide, Mutillide, etc. 

The females in this family may always be easily recognized by the 
thorax, which is distinctly divided into ¢zwe parts, while the males, except 
in three or four cases, are easily distinguished by the genitalia, the 
hypopygium terminating in a sharp aculeus, which curves upwards, as in 
males in the family J/yzinzde, with which they are often confused. 

The males belonging to the genera IZyrmosa, Latreille; Ephutomma, 
Ashmead, and J/yrmosida, Smith, have, however, the hypopygium 
unarmed, while in the South American genus, 4radynobenus, Spinola, it 
is tridentate, as in some Zhynnide. 

The venation of the front wings in all of these genera is, however, 
distinctive, and no difficulty will attend their recognition, as besides 
venation there are other characters. 

The genus JZyrmosida, Smith, I know only from the description and 
figure ; it appears to approach nearest to Apferogyna, Latreille, although 
the hypopygium is apparently unarmed. It also resembles a male ant of 
the family /oneride, and particularly to males in the subfamily 
Pseudomyrmine ; if it is not an ant, then it is a Myrmosid, and it is 
placed in the subfamily Apferogynine provisionally. 

Three distinct subfamilies may be recognized, one, the Apteragyn- 
ine, first pointed out by Mr. Ernest André, as follows : 

Table of Subfamilies. 

Abdomen normal, w7tiout a constriction between segments 2 and 3, 

at most with a constriction between segments 1 and 2...., eosarae 


200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Abdomen wth a strong constriction between segments 2 and 3, the 
first two segments being more or less nodiform............... 3: 
2. Thorax in female almost round, not or hardly longer than wide ; 
head quadrate ; mandibles falcate; maxillary palpi 3-jointed ; 
labial palpi 2-jointed ; ma/es winged, the front wings wéthout a 
marginal and a discoidal cell ; hypopygium at apex 
tridentate.....................Subfamily I.—Bradynobaeninez. 
Thorax in female not nearly round, much longer than wide ; head 
variable, the maxillary palpi more than 3-jointed, the labial palpi more 
than 2-jointed ; males winged, the front wings wth a marginal and 
a discoidal cell; hypopygium ending in a single aculeus, which 
curves upwards, rarely unarmed......Subfamily I1.—Myrmosine. 
Front wings in males (except in A/yrmosida, Smith, which has a 
marginal cell and two cubital cells) zztHout marginal and discoidal 
cells; hypopygium, except in JZyrmosida, Smith, ending in a 
single upward curved aculeus ; females readily known by the con- 
striction between segments 2 and 3.Subfamily I1I.—Apterogynine. 


Os 


SUBFAMILY I.—Bradynobaenine. 


This subfamily, so far as the characters of the males are concerned, 
approaches nearest to the Zhynnide, the hypopygium being tridentate, 
much as in Zhynnus, Fabr. but the venation is quite different. 

The marginal and the discoidal cells are absent, and thus show an 
affinity with the Apfterogynineg. ‘The female, however, is quite different 
from any in either the J/yrmosine or the Apterogynine, the thorax being 
very short in outline, almost round, while the head is quadrate, the 
mandibles falcate, the maxillary palpi 3-jointed, the labial palpi 2 jointed. 
Only one genus is known: 


emale win bless. << h. sors, « Seaata shale era gee oo, 2, «274-5 eater eee aE 
Male; Wied Sorc: 5 < wile a cae os | SRE oS Gwe S25 eke eee a 

1. Thorax in outline almost round; head quadrate; mandibles 
fal CALE 6. saa ce cys cds Mie os Janae 4 RAG NOWAGHIIS® opie 


(Type B. Gayi, Spin.) 
Front wings without a marginal cell, the discoidal cells wanting ; 
hypopygium tridentate.................Bradynobaenus, Spinola 


ty 


SuBFAMILY II.—Myrmosine. 
1896. Myrmosini, Tribe I. (fartim), Ashmead ; Trans. Am, Ent. 
Soc., XXII., p. 180. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201 





1903. Methocine, Subfamily (partim), André; Wytsman’s Gen. 
Ins. Fam., Mutillidee, p. 6. 

1903. Myrmosine, Subfamily (partim), André; Opus. Cit, p. 12. 

1903. Mautilline, Subfamily (Aartim), André ; Opus. Cit., p. 13. 

To this subfamily belong the majority of the known genera and 
species falling in the family /yrmoside. It is easily separated from the 
Bradynobaenine by the shape of the thorax in the females and by the 
armature and venation of the males. The group comes closest to André’s 
subfamily Apterogynine, but may be easily distinguished from it by the 
absence of a strong constriction between the second and third abdominal 
segments, and by the totally different venation of the front wings, 

Two distinct tribes may be recognized as follows : 


Table of Tribes. 


TNE UTE MOSS) eee Re | OE Rano Harte ws Sterae RCS CRA On LALO Alas 112 
IMPRTES Ast yee)... Pues ea ed arte eat tere Sh ae Pang Sinead our aan 

1. Ocelli present.. oe RE SS A ato, . Tribe I.—Myrmosini. 
Ocelli absent. sie S Aa taeee itive II.—Chyphotini. 

2. Front wings an the inargina cell roe or not especially short ; 
hypopygium unarmed. Deheey stunk se Megae sts 3 Tribe I.—Myrmosini. 


Front wings with the eee celi usually short ; hypopygium armed 
with an aculeus which curves upwards....Tmbe I].—Chyphotini. 
TRIBE I.—Myrmosini. 

The females in this tribe resemble those belonging to the family 
Mutillide, but are easily recognized by having the thorax divided into 
‘wo distinct divisions, and from the tribe CAyphotini by having distinct 
ocelli. 

The males are easily distinguished by having the hypopygium 


unarmed. 
Table of Genera. 
Females. SRN tet’ , SR Sanh | SAAC) Sg A en oe Ae E; 
Males. ee SIRS ni) 5 A ARE ie ORME 7. AUR ne IN cha ct eg 


1. Thorax etieaaulan, t the pronotum as wide as the meso-metathorax, 
usually rugoso-punctate, or coarsely punctate ; maxillary palpi 
6-jomted, labial palpi 4-jomted, 22.2.3 25 5.7... Myrmosa, Latreille. 

(Type Mutilla melanocephala, Fabr.) 

Thorax not quadrangular, compressed at the sides from the meso- 
metathoracic angles ; mandibles strongly excised beneath, with a 
projection: towards) base’... cavaby-.c, savers 0: Ephutomma, Ashmead. 
(Type Mutilla incerta, Radoszk.) 


202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





2. Marginal cell long ; four cubital cells, the second and third each 
receiving a recurrent nervure...........<¢-.2Mynmosa, Matreille: 
Marginal cell shorter, triangular; ¢hvee cubital cells, the second 
triangular, receiving the first recurrent nervure near its middle, the 

third hexagonal ; eyes large, extending to the base of the mandibles, 
emargimate withinw.).\..2 dae yuiees .....Ephutomma, Ashmead. 


TrisE II.—Chyphotini. 

1896. Chyphotini, Tribe III., Ashmead; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 
XXII., p. 179 (Cyphotini). 

1903, Methocinz, Subfamille, André; Wytsman’s Gen. Ins. Fam., 
Mutillidze, p. 6. 

The absence of ocelli in the females and the armed hypopygium in 
the males, which terminates in a single aculeus that curves upwards, as in 
males in the family A/yzinide, readily separate this tribe from the 
Myrmosini. 

Table of Genera. 

Females. 

Males. Bk Je 
ie Tolar. not Me icadivaies ae Giferentiy formance «ie aR oe 

Thorax quadrate, the sides parallel. 

Head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax ; mandibles long, at 
apex bidentate, sinuate or subemarginate beneath ; pygidium 


Sj OS = 


with a pygidial area. i s)a ole tala spinels: «eo EACH YCIStISay EGR. 
(Type B. petiolatus, Fox.) 
2. Eyes round or nearly ; abdomen petiolate or subpetiolate........ ah 


Eyes oval, slightly sinuate on outer margin superiorly ; abdomen 
nearly sessile. 

Pronotum transverse, a little wider than the meso-metathorax 
anteriorly, but not wider than the same posteriorly, the sides 
being compressed just behind the pronotum (?). Milluta, André. 

3. Abdomen subpetiolate, the petiole broadened towards the apex and 
constricted before uniting with the second segment; pronotum 
large, nearly obtrapezoidal, and fully as wide as the meso-meta- 
fhorax.ior alittle widers.t..c.!:,. <vamn _. Typhoctes, Ashmead. 

(Type Mutilla peculiaris, Cresson.) 

Abdemen with a distinct slender petiole ; pronotum campanulate, 
much narrower than the meso-metathorax......Chyphotes, Blake. 
(Type C. elevatus, Blake.) 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 





We MIddle tibiae with oze-<apical SPU. c). :-  cun wateethe ee crt sie: ee Se 

Nirddleribise with go apical spubsec se... ape eat oye ese, 27s 

5. Front wings with ¢hree cubital cells, the second and third each 
receiving a recurrent nervure. 

Cubitus in hind wings originating much defore the transverse 
cubitus ; second cubital cell in front wings zof triangular, very 
large, trapezoidal, not much larger than the third ; submedian 
and median cells equal, the transverse median nervure inter- 
stitial with the basal vein ; mandibles bidentate...........6. 

Cubitus in hind wings interstitial or nearly with the transverse 
cubitus, sometimes originating a little beyond it ; second 
cubital cell in front wings more or less triangular ; submedian 
cell usually a little longer than the median (rarely equal in 
some Brachycistis), the transverse median nervure usually not 
interstitial with the basal vein ; mandibles bidentate. 

Marginal cell very short, always much shorter than the 
oblong stigma ; first abscissa of the radius only about 
one-third the length of the third cubital cell; second 
cubital cell triangular, usually receiving the first recurrent 
nervure Jefore the middle, not, or rarely, longer than the 
third ; abdomen with a more or less distinct constriction 
between the first and second segments ; scutellum rounded, 
subconvex’; ocellplatge:. +...) .-2.. Brachyeistis, Hox: 

Marginal cell not short, about as long as the large oblong 
stigma ; first abscissa of the radius as long, or nearly, as 
the third cubital cell ; second cubital cell at least three 
times as long as the third, receiving the first recurrent 
nervure beyond the middle ; third cubital cell quadrate, 
or nearly, a little wider (higher) than long, receiving the 
second recurrent a little before its middle; scutellum 
quadrate ; ocelli large, the laterals about their width from 


tire Cyer Inare Il seen ene ke .Milluta, Andreé.* 
(T ne M. Gobet André. ) 


6. Marginal cell much longer than the large oblong stigma ; lanceolate ; 
first abscissa of the radius short, less than one-third the length of 
the third cubital celi; third cubital cell large, much longer than 











*I am greatly indebted to Mons. Ernest Andre, for the loan of the unique type 
of this genus. 


204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





wide, nearly trapezoidal, a little shorter than the second ; ocelli very 
large, the laterals close to the eye margin... Magrettina, Ashmead. 
(Type Meria nocturna, Morowitz.) 


feeb ont wings with ¢eeee CubitalCells geen aches oceans ete sieeeis 
Front wings with ¢wo cubital cells......... Pytsintene Sinker DOE 

8. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; the third cubital 
quadrangullat 2) 2255 stages yeu ee ..Chyphotes, Blake. 

9. Zwo recurrent nervures, the cekend pabieal cell receiving both 
recurrent nervures. bad bade 4. .Chyphotes, Blake. 


Only ove recurrent nervure raeeied by dite. seein cubital cell, the 
second recurrent nervure always wholly absent..Typhoctes, Ashm. 
SuBFAMILY IIJ.—Apterogynine. 

1899. Apterogynine, Tribu II., André ; Spec., des Hym., d’Eur. et 
d’Algerie, Tome 8, pp. 57 and 65. 

This group was first recognized by Mr. Ernest André. It is a singular 
group, of small extent, falling naturally in the family AZyrmoside, and not 
in the family AZuti//ide, where André placed it. Only about a dozen 
species are known, and none have yet been found in America, although 
species are found in Europe, Africa and Asia. The group should, how- 
ever, occur in South America, and probably has representatives there still 
undiscovered. 

In having a strong constriction between the second and third 
abdominal segments the species resemble certain ants in the family 
Poneride, and particularly those in the subfamily Psexdomyrmine, the 
genus J/yrmosida, Smith, being strikingly similar to a male ant of this 
subfamily. I know it, however, only from the description and figure, 
Smith placed it in the family AZu¢c//ide, but if it is a parasitic wasp and 
not an ant, then, on account of its abdominal peculiarities, it belongs here. 
Smith says nothing about the genital armature. 

Table of Genera. 


Males. 2 NR ED SRS PIU 5, be RM eee Be oy, bhp aie: ame Pw Renn me TS 
Reraaleas ia eles ARN Oe : : iv a AaB ON 


1. Front wings ow a stigma, a arsine alk. two aha balls and one 
discoidal cell; head large, obtrapezoidal ; pronotum short trans- 
verse ; hypopygium (?) unarmed (Tribe I., Myrmosidini), (Singa- 
POLE) pei si cie vias soe GORA b RM sig) ia OST SOMMER 

(Type M. paradoxa, Smith.) 
Front wings wthout a stigma or a marginal cell, and usually withont 
a cubital cell; one small discoidal cell; pronotum not short, 


. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 





transverse quadrate ; hypopygium armed with an upward curved 
aculeus (Tribe II., Apterogynini), (Europe, Africa and 

INSia)inS 22 (ike ieee seu see eee as. A DLcLopyna, -Latreille, 

(Type A. Olivieri, Latr.) 

2. Abdomen with the first two segments nodiform ; mandible narrowed, 

arcuate, pointed at apex... <2.9 224.006 «-Apteropynay leatreille, 





GYNANDROMORPHISM IN LUCANUS ELAPHUS. 


BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


Some time ago, while in St. Louis, I called on Dr. Geo. W. Bock, 
and saw in his collection a remarkable specimen of a female Lucanus 
elaphus, from Poplar Bluff, Mo. On my expressing interest in the matter, 
the Doctor very kindly gave me the insect, and I wish to put the case on 
record. 

The chief organ affected is the left mandible (fig. 7 2), which is more 
than twice the length of the right (fig. 7 4), and partakes of many charac- 
ters usually exhibited by the male. It is irregularly curved in outline, 
sparsely punctured, except at the base, where two elongate areas are 
coarsely and closely punctate, the larger area being on the superior face, 
while the smaller is lateral. The external face is flattened, trituberculate 
along the middle region, carinate along the upper and lower margins. 
The armature of the mandible is as follows: Subbasal and subapical 
teeth long, as in the male, the smaller intermediate teeth arranged not in 
one series, but in two, the lower row containing three denticles, one in 
front of and one behind (but below) the subbasal tooth, the other behind 
the subapical one ; the upper series consists of five teeth forming a row, 
as shown in the figure, the second being bifurcate at tip. The antenne 
are not affected. The head is roughly punctured, somewhat uneven, but 
without the characteristic ridges of the male. The prothorax is not quite 
alike on both sides, the left being a little longer and showing a tendency 
to develop the shape of the male. The front tibiz differ from each other. 
the left being a little narrower than the right, the apical tooth shorter and 
less excurved, the subapical trifurcate, the two teeth near the middle of 
the tibia crowded close together. The right middle tibia has four teeth 
(exclusive of those around the apex), while the left has but two, The 
hind tibize are practically alike, 


206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





This is a curious case, showing an incom- 
plete copying of the male characters, accom- 
panied by considerable distortion. None of 
the organs affected are perfect images of their 
counterparts in the male, though the left 
mandible is sufficiently near to suggest that 
sex at once. 

The figures will show the mandibles from 
above, the left on account of the downward 
curve of the tip, appearing shorter in propor- 
tion than it should, and, owing to their position, 
the lower series of teeth is not shown. 








COLOUR-BLINDNESS AMONG ENTOMOLOGISTS. 
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. 

It is well known that a small percentage of the people in this 
country, and perhaps in all countries, are more or less colour-blind, and 
it is a noteworthy fact that such persons are often entirely unconscious of 
it or do not fully appreciate its disadvantages. The officials of the 
railroads and certain other corporations test the applicants for situations, 
and if they are found to be colour-blind, or not able to distinguish 
colours accurately, they are not employed. It will be readily seen that if 
a railroad engineer or the officer of the deck on one of our large 
passenger ships could not distinguish between red and green signal lights 
in the night, most disastrous accidents might be the result. 

An entomologist might be more or less colour-blind on some colours 
and be entirely unconscious of the fact, but the results in his descriptive 
work would be faulty and more or less misleading, according to the 
degree of imperfection in his colour vision. A correspondent wrote me 
a short time ago that he had a larva which he called green, but his 
assistant declared it to be white. It is possible that if these gentlemen 
were tested, the colour vision of one or the other would be found more or 
less imperfect. 

It is to prevent any possible errors in descriptive entomology 
because of colour-blindness that we have adopted the plan of testing all 
the graduate students in entomology in the Massachusetts Agricultural 


College. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 








MERISTIC VARIATION IN CORYDALIS CORNUTA, LINN. 
BY H. F, WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. 


Records of duplication of members in hexapod larve are so rare that 
I submit the subjoined account, drawn up from a specimen of the young 
of Corydalis cornuta, captured in the river near Iowa City, several years 
ago. ‘The insect is one of a number that I took for class dissection, and 
as far as noted, the reinainder did not depart from the ordinary type. A 
notice of the case was prepared at the time and sent to a scientific journal 
on the eve of its suspending publication, so that I think the article was 
never printed. 

The larva under discussion measures, in its preserved state, about an 
inch and three-quarters in length. The duplication of parts concerns the 
left hind leg, where the femur, which is normal, bears a bifurcate tibia, one 
branch of which is longer than the other. The longer side attains a length 
about equal to that of the right tibia, and bears a tarsus which is 
approximately normal, though the claws are nearer together than usual ; 

the shorter side of the tibia supports a tarsus, 
which in its turn showsa decided tendency to 
bifurcation and carries two pairs of claws. 
G2 The proportions of the parts are shown in the 
figure. (Fig. 8.) I am not certain that the 
short tarsus is drawn in proper perspective, 
as I accidentally broke it off at the joint 
marked a in the figure, and may have twisted 
it in replacing. The specimen is preserved in 
my collection. 





PREOCCUPIED NAME. 


I refer to Prof. Fernald’s kind notice of my ‘ Hawk Moths,” Can. 
ENT., 98, 1887, for the statement that the generic term <Afveus is pre- 
occupied, having been used by Koch in 1837 fora genus of Scorpions. I 
should not have troubled myself further in the matter of changing this 
name in the Sphingidz, seeing that Prof. Fernald believes a separate 
genus for p/ebera from Protoparce unnecessary, except that Rothschild and 
Gordon, in their exhaustive revision of the Sphingidz, just published, 
retain the name Azreus and criticise my calling the species ‘‘ plebezus,” 
instead of plebeja. So I change the name Afreus, Grote, 1886, to 
Paratrea, with P. plebeja as type. A. R. GRoreE. 


208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








DO WE KNOW CULEX CONSOBRINUS, DEsv. ? 
BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. 


Desvoidy published this species in 1827, in the Memoirs of the 
Society of Natural History of Paris, Vol. III., p. 408. The entire 
description is as follows : 


“27. CULEX ConsosRINUs, R. D. 


Simillimus preecedenti ; palpis, tarsisque bruneis. 

Long. 3 lineas. 

Omnino similis Cudici pipienti: differt solum palpis tarsisque 
brunicosis, non flavis. 

Habitat in Pennsylvania. (Museeum Dejeanianum.)” 

The species preceding this, to which reference is made, is Culex 
pipiens ; the length in that is also given as three lines. Nothing is said 
about the palpiand tarsi, further than the expression “ pedes flavescentes.” 

This species remained unrecognized until 1896, when Coquillett, in 
Howard and Marlatt’s Bulletin on ‘*‘ Household Insects” (Bull. 4, n. ser., 
Div. of Ent.), claimed to have identified it with a common and wide- 
spread form. He gave the following synonyms: /uactor, Kirby ; 
impatiens and pinguis, Walker, and zzornatus, Williston. The synonymy 
had been made out entirely from descriptions, save in the case of 
znornatus, of which Williston’s type was in the National Museum for 
comparison. In Circular No. 40, Coquillett adds as probable synonyms, 
Anopheles annulimanus, Van der Wulp, and Culex testaceus, Van der 
Wulp. 

Dr. Howard transmitted specimens of this supposed consobrinus to 
Theobald, who accepted them at their face value and redescribed the 
species in his Monograph of the Culicide, Vol. II, p. 78. He found 
from Kirby’s type in the British Museum that puzcfor is a distinct species, 
which he redescribed on p. 75. As to Walker’s species, he makes the 
following notes: 

“ Culex impatiens, Walker, may be this species (Coquillett’s 
consobrinus), the type answering in nearly all ese but the abdominal 

banding differs. 

“ Culex pinguis, Walker, may also. be synonymous, but I do not 
know where the type is, and Walker’s descriptions seem almost valueless, 
judging from the types I have seen.” 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 





Speaking of Anopheles annulimanus, Theobald says (1,213): 
“‘Coquillett thinks this species does not belong to the genus Anopheles 
at all. The description, he seems to think, applies to a male of Culex 
consobrinus, Desvoidy ; but in this I can scarcely agree, and do not think 
such an authority as Van der Wulp would commit such an error.” 


As to Culex testaceus, Theobald received a specimen from Lake 
Simcoe, Ontario, which he identified as this species, making it distinct 
from the supposed consobrinus. 

Now let us see whether the colour of the palpi and tarsi, as indicated 
by Desvoidy, is sufficient to distinguish a species from pipiens. Taking 
the full discussion of pzpzens given by Theobald (Monogr., Vol. II., pp. 
132-136), it is immediately seen that the female has “ palpi thick, brown, 
with some grayish scales”; also ‘tarsi uniformly dark brown.” In the 
male the palpi are “ light ochraceous brown,” and the “ tarsi dark brown.” 
Desvoidy’s specimen was in all probability a female. It appears, there- 
fore, that his distinctive characters are normal in pipiens / At any rate, 
pipiens is a variable species, and easily includes forms with all his 
characters. 

The size given by Desvoidy is the same for both species, 3 lines. If 
I understand this correctly, it is about 6 mm. Theobald gives 4.5 to 5 
mm. for pzpzens, and 6 to 7 mm. for consobrinus. The advantage here is 
perhaps a little on the side of a distinct species ; still, Desvoidy expressly 
makes it the same size as pipiens, which he speaks of as a very common 
species, so it works about as well one way as the other. 

When I came to the conclusion, some time ago, that the real 
consobrinus is nothing but Azfzens, which is known to occur in the United 
States as well as Europe, I wrote to Theobaldsand Coquillett in regard to 
the matter. The former replied that he had accepted the species on the 
supposition that Coquillett had examined the type of Desvoidy. The 
latter only wrote, “‘ Repeated revisions of my first reference of Culex 
consobrinus have not caused me to change my opinion in regard to it. 
Size and colouring both apply better to this form than to pipiens or any 
of our other species.” 

I have shown exactly how much there is in the matter of “‘size and 
colouring.” 

The species which is now passing under the name of consobrinus I 
think should be known as éwornatus, Williston. It was described in the 
Diptera of the Death Valley Expedition, North American Fauna, No. 7, 


210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





p. 253. The type of this description, as above stated, has been examined 


by Coquillett and found identical with the species under consideration. 
There is no other name which is not open to serious doubt. 

Consobrinus, Desvoidy, may stand unidentified. Should anyone feel 
under necessity to “do something” with it, let him place it as a synonym 
of pipiens. Certainly no one can prove that it does not belong there, 
unless he can examine the type. In looking up Dejean’s collection in 
Hagen’s ‘ Bibliotheca,” I find considerable information as to certain 
families of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, but nothing about the Diptera. 
The collection was divided, and the various parts scattered in a dozen 
places. So there is but little prospect that the type of comsobrinus can be 
found. 

The rapidly growing importance of the Culicidz will, I trust, excuse 
me for occupying so much space in the attempt to set right one of our 
common speécies. | 





GOT WITHOUT SEEKING, 


As I was sitting in Victoria Park, London, Ont., on one of the early: 
days of August, 1902, a sharp click on my straw hat indicated to me that 
a beetle had been suddenly arrested in its erratic flight. I took off my hat 
and found thereon a longhorn, with the familiar outline and ornamentation 
of the old CZytus group. But there was something about it that seemed 
unusual to me, and the more I looked at it the more I was convinced of 
its novelty. So I secured it, killed and mounted it, and, as opportunity 
presented itself, endeavoured to determine it, but could find nothing with 
which it would correspond, and the books afforded me no relief. Having 
occasion to require the assistance of Mr. W. H. Harrington, Ottawa, upon 
some B. C. beetles, I sent my unique in order to secure his verdict upon 
it. He pronounced it to be Xylotrechus 4-maculatus, and remarked, 
“This is an interesting species, of which I have only taken one example, 
and that is of a yellowish colour.” (Mine is whitish in the colour of its 
ornamentation.) ‘“ g-macu/atus is said to be very variable in colour, so I 
think your specimen belongs to that species, although differing so much 
from mine.” And that specimen now stands in what was before a blank 
in the Society’s collection. J. Atston Morrat. 





Mailed June 30th, 1903. 


The @ anautiay ¥ntomalogist 








VoL. XXXV. LONDON, AUGUST, 1903. No. 8 











DESCRIPTION OF A NEW NORTH AMERICAN CULEX. 


BY FRED. V. THEOBALD, M.A., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENGLAND. 


Amongst a number of Culicidze sent me by Professor Kellogg from 
California, collected by himself and the students of Leland Stanford 
Junior University, is a very distinct new Cw/ex, which is here described 
as Culex Kelloggit. 

The collection contained several interesting species besides this one, 
including a new Anopheles, called by Professor Kellogg Anopheles 
Jranciscanus ; specimens of the European Zheoba/dia annulata, Meigen, 
and the marked Zheobaldia incidens, Thomson, and several others, which 
he will refer to elsewhere, including another new Cu/ex. It may be here 
pointed out that Coquillett’s Cu/ex Currie7, now included in my new genus 
Grabhamia, is very closely allied to Grabhamia dorsalis, Mg. It 1s, 
however, a smaller and thicker-set insect, and has the last hind tarsus 
white. This collection also included a series of Currzez, as well as 
Anopheles maculipennis, Mg., and A. punctipennis, Say. The A. 
maculipennis are smaller than they usually occur in Europe. 

Culex Kelloggii, nov. sp.—Thorax brown, with rich reddish-brown 
scales showing linear arrangement, two small pale spots, some rows of 
gray scales behind and on the scutellum. Proboscis black, with a white 
band. Abdomen black, with basal white bands and iateral spots. Legs 
black ; femora pale at base, with a white line or row of spots, also the 
tibize, with a line of white spots. Metatarsi and tarsi showing apical’ 
and basal white banding ; last hind tarsus with a black median band or 
all white. Wings unspotted. 

? .—Head brown, clothed with narrow-curved gray scales in the mid- 
dle and behind, white ones forming a border around the eyes, brown ones 
between ; at the sides small flat white scales, in the middle are numerous 
ochraceous upright forked scales, laterally the upright forked scales are 
black, two long brown bristles project forward between the eyes. Palpi 
black-scaled, with some large white scales at the apex, and some forming 


212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





a ring near the base; apex, etc., with a few dark bristles ; proboscis 
black, with a prominent white band ; antenne black, basal and second 
joints dark, testaceous, the basal joint with white scales internally ; clypeus 
brown. ‘Thorax brownish-black, with rich reddish-brown narrow-curved 
scales, and a few broader gray ones at the sides in front, and some 
arranged in lines behind the mesonotum, on its surface are two small pale 
spots, two ofthe posterior white lines being continued back from them, two 
short, broader ones are situated in front of the bare space before the scutel- 
lum; the reddish-brown scales have a linear arrangement, due to two promi- 
nent median bare lines; bristles black; scutellum brown, with narrow-curved 
pale scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown ; pleura 
brown, with some gray scales. Abdomen black, with basal white 
bands and white lateral spots and brown border-bristles; apex 
bristly ; venter yellowish-brown, with scattered gray scales. Legs 
black, banded, striped and spotted in lines with white ; base of femora 
gray to dull ochraceous, pale ventrally, with a row of white spots 
above, almost forming a white line ; apex with a white spot; tibize also 
with a row of white spots, forming almost a line, apex white ; fore and 
mid metatarsi and tarsi with narrow apical and basal yellowish bands, 
except the last tarsal segment; in the hind legs the metatarsi and tarsi 
have broad, almost white bands, the last tarsal in some specimens being 
almost all white ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with the veins very 
densely scaled with typical brown Culex scales ; those at the base of the 
third long vein thicker, forming a small, rather obscure, dark spot ; first 
submarginal cell longer and considerably narrower than the second 
posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem about 
one-third of the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior cell about 
two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein not quite its own 
length distant from the mid cross-vein ; fringe dark brown; _halteres 
testaceous, knob darkened. 


Length.—5 to 5.5 mm. 


¢.—Palpi brown, the last two joints nearly as long as the ante- 
penultimate, the penultimate slightly shorter than the apical ; the last two 
joints with long brown hairs on each side, also on one side, of the apex of 
ante-penultimate joint ; there is a narrow pale band at the base of the 
last two joints and also near the base of the long ante-penultimate joint ; 
proboscis black, with a narrow white band on the base of the apical half ; 
antenne banded black and white, with flaxen plume-hairs, The head with 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21S 





more gray scales than in the 9. ‘Thorax and abdomen as in the @. 
Legs as in the 9; ungues of the fore and mid legs unequal, both 
uniserrated, of the hind legs equal and simple. Wings narrow ; the fork- 
cells short ; the first submarginal longer and narrower than the second 
posterior, its stem more than half the length of the cell; stem of the 
second posterior as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein about its own 
length distant from the mid cross-vein. 

Length.-—5 to 5.5 mm. 

Hlabitat.—Stanford University, California. 

Time of Capture.—September and October. 

Observations.—Described from a series of 5 Qs and 4 ¢s sent me 
by Professor Kellogg. It is a very marked species, but presents at first 
sight a resemblance to Culex teniorhynchus, Wiedemann. It differs, 
however, in (1) having the legs apically and basally pale banded, (2) in 
their being marked with lines or lines of spots, and (3) in the simple, not 
uniserrated, ungues in the ¢ (4), in the structure of the ¢ palpi, etc. 
Moreover, a hasty examination will show that this species is not nearly so 
compactly built as in tenzorhynchus. The specimens show some variation, 
both in regard to the thoracic adornment and in the leg ornamentation. 
One @ has no signs of the two small pale thoracic spots, and the last hind 
tarsal in one appears almost white, and in others the median dark band 
is very broad, making the tarsal segment almost all dark coloured. 





PREOCCUPIED NAMES. 


In the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 29, No. 2, 1903, pp. 168-169, 
Mr. Chas. Robertson creates, among other new genera in the Megachilide, 
Guathodon and Ceratzas. Both names have been previously used : 

Gnathodon, Rang., 1834—Mollusca. 

Guathodon, Gray, 1836—Mollusca. 

Gnathodon, Jard., 1845—Aves. 

Ceratias, Kroycov, 1845— Pisces. 

E. S. G. Trrus, Washington, D. C. 





CoRRIGENDA.—Page 191 (July Can. Env.), fourth line from bottom, 
for Hyrtominum read Cyrtomium,; and second line from bottom, for 
trimula read tremu/a. 


214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





A NEW CAPSID: 
BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAL.* 


Lygus Chagnoni, n. sp.—This species of the genus Zygus is of a form 


near to Z. pabudinus, Linn., in appearance. 


It is ovate, convex, bright green in living specimens, with irregular 
purplish-brown markings at the base of the membrane, smooth and 
without bristles, and a silky pubescence on the sides of the pronotum, 
which has an orange-yellow border next the head, shading backwards in 
narrow lines into the green coloration, so as to make the green appear in 
broad bands. 

Head polished and uniformly orange-yellow. Eyes large and 
prominent, and of so dark a brown colour as to appear black. 

Antenne slender and long, brown, with shades of orange-yellow. 
Basal joint uniform yellow, second joint slightly thickens and becomes 
brown towards the tip, the remaining joints dark brown, becoming much 
darker towards the end of the last one, which is very dark. 

Scutellum convex, smooth, and of a deeper green than the wings. 

Wings uniformly green on the corium, clavus and cuneus, the mem- 
branes paler and somewhat transparent, with irregular purplish-brown 
markings. At the meeting of the corium, there is a purplish-brown V. 

Abdemen pale apple-green, with marked silvery pubescence, in the 
form of dashes and dots at the joints, the genital pieces green, with slight 
rusty tinge on the margins. 

Legs pale green, the coxa, trochanter, as also the mesoscutum, very 
pale, without any spots or markings. 

Length to the end of abdomen, 4.0 mm.; to the tip of the membrane, 
5-0 mm.; width of pronotum, 1.25 mm. 

Described from three specimens, one caught by Mr. G. Chagnon, in 
Rouville Co., Que., rith July, 1902, and two by myself on Montreal 
Island, 14th July, rgo2. 

I take pleasure in naming this species after my friend, Mr. G. 
Chagnon, as aslight token of my appreciation of his companionship in our 


collecting trips and his great assistance in the identification of species and 
in my entomological work generally. 





*Read beforea meeting of the Montreal Branch, Ent. Soc. of Ont., 9th February, 
1903. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PIAS) 





NOTES ON FIVE.SPECIES OF MEGACHILE. 


BY T. D:. A. COCKERELL, EAST’ LAS VEGAS, N. M. 


I have spent more time than I like to think about identifying bees of 
the genus Megachile, so | have no apology to make for offering some 
notes which will, I hope, make the process easier for others : 

Megachile frugalis, Cresson.—This species was described from the 
male. I have before me a female collected by Dr. Davidson at Lancaster, 
California. It practically agrees with the description of JZ. zaptlana, 
Cresson, 9, except that it has no lines of white pubescence on the thorax. 
M. occidentalis, Fox, 9, is very similar, and has the lines of white 
pubescence, but it has a different clypeal margin, and the very scanty 
hair on the disc of the clypeus is white. In JZ. frugalis, 2 , the clypeus 
has long black hair ; the ventral scopa is creamy white, black on the last 
segment. These bees are all of the elongate narrow type. ‘The anterior 
margin of the clypeus in fruga/is, ¢, can hardly be called excavated, but 
presents three gently-rounded prominences, the margin between them 
being slightly concave. 

Megachile montivaga, Cresson.—At flowers of Zourerea decapetala 
(Sims), Raton, N. M., Aug. 27, one 9 (W. P. Cockerell). Length nearly 
14 millim. An Illinois sample is smaller (about 12% millim.),and has 
the thorax more densely punctured. ‘The species resembles JZ. re/ativa, 
Cr., but is larger and less shining, and the abdominal bauds are pure 
white. <A variety of JZ. montivaga, with more conspicuous black hair on 
the dark parts of the abdomen, was taken by Prof. Townsend at flowers 
of Potentilla Thurberi, on the Rio Ruidoso, N. M., about 6,500 ft., Aug. 1. 

Wegachile inimica, Cresson.—Las Vegas, N. M., one male at flowers 
of Verbena Macdougali, Aug. 9 (W. Porter). This is Sayz, Cresson, 
said by Robertson to be a synonym of zzémica. In our specimen the 
tegule are very dark brown. ‘The insect has a long, narrow abdomen, and 
looks superficially like JZ. occidentalis, Fox. Upon closer study it is seen 
to be really nearer to AZ pugnata, Say, from which it is easily distin- 
guished by the hollow process on first tarsal joint being fringed along its 
whole length with dark fuscous hair ; in puguata the basal two-fifths is 
densely fringed with black hair, and the portion beyond has a short fuscous 
comb. 

Megachile pruina, Smith.—Chaves, N. M., Aug. 6, two males 
(Townsend); Mesilla Park, N. M., one male at flowers of Zsocoma 
Wrightit, Sept. 11 (Porter and Cockerel/); near Los Angeles and 





216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











Catalina Island, California (4. Davzdson). This gives the species a very 
wide range in the south-west, and while it must be confessed that the 
specimens are not all alike, I am unable to detect anything more than 
individual variation. 

Megachile mendica, Cresson.— 9. Length about 12-13% millim. ; 
abdomen shovel-shaped ; ventral scopa orange, including last segment ; 
white on basal half of second segment. 

Gallinas River, at Las Valles, N. M., Aug. 6 (Porter and Cockerell). 
Another is from flowers of Verbascum thapsus, Rio Ruidoso, White Mts., 
N. M., 6,900 ft., July 23 (Zownsend). The scopa of the latter is full of 
orange pollen. 

The New Mexico specimens agree with an Illinois 2? from Robertson. 
M. mendica \ooks like a small AZ. /atimanus, having the same form and 
general coloration. In /atimanus the scutellum is covered with pale 
ochreous hair, and the mesothorax broadly bordered with the same, so 
that the black hair is confined to the central part. In mendica the light 
hair of the head and thorax is white, and the scutellum and mesothorax 
(except the margins of the latter narrowly) are thinly clothed with black 
hair. In both the thorax, though closely punctured, is shining. In 
/atimanus the vertex is mostly, or wholly, clothed with pale hair, in 
mendica it is clothed with black. In both the basal joint of the hind 
tarsi is broad, and clothed on the inner side with orange hair. The 
mandibles are similar in both, except that they are less produced in 
mendica. In mendica the first recurrent nervure enters the second sub- 
marginal cell much further from its base than the second does from its 
apex ; this is not usually the case in /atimanus. 

M. mendica resembles J. re/ativa in the colour and arrangement of 
the hair on the head and thorax, but ve/ativa is a narrower bee, with a 
conspicuously narrower face. The abdominal bands in vre/ativa are 
yellowish, in mendica they are white. 


The Mediterranean Flour Moth, “phestia kuehniella, has been sent 
to me recently from Seattle, Washington, and Honeoye Falls, N. Y. As 
far as I know, this is the first time the pest has been recorded from the 
State of Washington. I have specimens of matted flour and larve from 
Arthur, Ont., Canada. In each case reports are made that the insect is 
doing serious damage to the milling business by matting and clogging up 
spouts and elevators with flour. The moth seems to be slowly and 
steadily spreading over the U. S, and Canada. 

W. G. Jounson, New York. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2 laf 





A NEW OAK-GALL. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. MEX. 

Dryophanta rydbergiana, n. sp—-Gall: on leaf of Quercus rydber- 
giana, Ckll. (Torreya, Jan., 1903) ; solitary, 6 mm. diameter, sphericai, 
faintly shiny, light ferruginous, with a microscopically tessellate surface and 
a scattered stellate pubescence ; base concave, point of attachment small; 
contains a single large cell ; the space between the cell and the exterior 
filled with spongy tissue, which is light green within and ferruginous out- 
wardly. 

fly (cut from gall): ¢.—Body 2% mm. long, stout, jet black, 
smooth, neither punctured nor conspicuously hairy ; mesothorax and 
scutellum with a few scattered hairs ; front and vertex minutely tessellate ; 
no frontal groove ; middle ocellus somewhat depressed ; face without 
carinze ; malar space long, wrinkled ; flagellum black, 12-jointed, the last 
five joints (at least) longitudinally grooved ; whole flagellum hairy ; first 
flagellar joint about one-fourth longer than second; basal joints of 
antenne dark red; the small first joint punctate; the second much 
swollen. Parapsidal grooves deep and strong, complete, converging 
posteriorly ; scutellum large and swollen, longitudinally keeled, with a 
depression on each side anteriorly ; anterior margin of scutellum raised 
into a sharp edge; posterior part coarsely cancellate. Metathoracic 
ridges very widely divergent caudad. Legs red; tarsi hairy ; claws of 
posterior legs simple; wings hyaline, not spotted, but hairy; veins 
strongly marked with dark brown; marginal vein not quite attaining costa; 
areolet present. Ovipositor black, concealed ; ventral spine red, covered 
with long ferruginous hairs. 

Hab.—Las Vegas Hot Springs, N. M., about 7,000 feet, March 2r, 
1903. ‘The gall was on a leaf of last year, the leaves of Q. rydbergiana 
remaining on the bush, though turning brown. 

This insect is placed in Dryophanta, because it seems on the whole 
to go there best, but it does not exactly agree with any described Ameri- 
can genus. In Mayr’s table, given by Cresson, it runs to Bvorhiza, but it 
does not belong there. The gall is like that of Amphibolips. 


218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





CULEX CONSOBRINUS AGAIN. 


BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D.C. 


In the July number of the Canapian Enromovoaist, Prof. J. M. 
Aldrich attempted to rescue Dr. Williston’s Culex: inornatus from the 
synonymy by referring the true Culex eonsobrinus, Desvoidy, as a syn- 
onym of Culex pipiens, Linné, and denying that any of the other species 
which the writer originally placed in the synonymy of consobrinus is 
identical with zzornatus. 

Desvoidy did not give a separate description of his conzsobrinus, but 
compared it with what he identified as Azpzens, observing that it differed 
in having the palpi and tarsi ‘‘brunicosis, non flavis.” Desvoidy was 
noted for his erroneous identifications of previously described species, and 
that he mistook some larger species for the true Azpzevs, seems to admit 
of no doubt, since the measurement he gives, “long. 3 lineas,” is too long 
for the latter, all the specimens of which in the National Museum fall short 
of 2.5 lines. His measurements are usually accurate, as may be gleaned 
from those he gave of such strongly-marked, easily-recognized forms as 
Culex mosquito, Anopheles maculipennis, A. argyritarsis, Psorophora 
ciliata, etc., all of which are within the range of the specimens of the given 
species. He gave the same measurement for consobrinus as for pipiens, 
and in deciding what species the former refers to it is necessary to find a 
species which is larger than the true pzpzens, has the ground colour he 
gave for pipiens, ‘‘ cinereo-subflavescens. ‘Thorax, dorso-levitor fulves- 
cente,” and that inhabits Pennsylvania, the locality given for consobrinus. 
Up to the present time we know of only one species that fills all of these 
requirements, and this is the form which I have identified as consobrinus. 

Even if I erred in this identification, there are still at least two other 
names that stand in the way of Dr. Williston’s Culex tnornatus, namely, 
C. impatiens, Walker, the type of which Mr. Theobald states agrees in 
nearly all respects with what I have identified as consobrinus, except in 
the abdominal banding, and this was not of sufficient importance to cause 
him to regard it as representing a distinct species; and C. pinguts, 
Walker, which Mr. Theobald admits may be synonymous with comso- 
brinus. 

As I hope to review this subject more at length in a forthcoming 
monograph, it need not be enlarged upon here ; sufficient facts have been 
given above to fully disprove Mr, Aldrich’s contention in relation to the 
true Culex consobrinus of Desvoidy. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219 





A SUPPOSED MIGRATION: OF PIERIDAS WITNESSED IN 
VENEZUELA IN THE SUMMER OF* root. 


BY AUSTIN H. CLARK, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 


The erratic migrations of certain insects, often in countless swarms, 
have been noticed and put on record by many observers. Ina country 
where, perhaps, they are scarce, or, it may be, almost wanting ordinarily, 
they may suddenly put in an appearance in such numbers as to defy all 
attempts at computation ; or immense swarms of them may sometimes be 
seen far out at sea, flying steadily in a direction which may take them out 
so far as to effectually prevent any return. 

To show the frequency of this phenomenon, it is only necessary to 
mention a few cases. The best known, perhaps, or, at any rate, the most 
familiar, is that of the locust. Large areas of growing crops have been 
totally ruined and well-to-do people reduced to poverty through the 
sudden and wholly unexpected appearance of this unwelcome visitor. 
Many years may pass with no sign of these insects, and then they come, 
bringing destruction with them. Among the Neuroptera, the dragon-flies, 
especially the species Zschna bonariensis of southern South America, seem 
to be especially subject to these migrations. In these swarms, according 
to Hudson,* who studied them in the Argentine, all the larger species 
associate together, and universally fly down the wind, coming commonly 
from five to fifteen minutes before a burst of the cold, dry south-west 
‘‘pampero.” Weissenbornt describes a great migration of dragon-flies 
which he witnessed in Germany in the year 1839, and also mentions a 
similar phenomenon occurring in 1816, which extended over a large 
portion of Europe. But this habit seems to be of commonest occurrence 
among the Lepidoptera. Among others, Wallace mentions seeing a vast 
congregation of Pieridz in the Indian Ocean, and Maynard a swarm of 
Danaidee ( Anosia berenice) off the coast of Florida. It is now recognized 
as a more or less regular proceeding on the part of some species or 
groups, especially among the Pieridz, to congregate and perform long 
journeys without any apparent aim. 

While approaching the coast of Venezuela in the month of June, 
1go!, I was struck by the numbers of Pieridz passed, not in great swarms, 
but in numerous small loose bunches, which began to appear even before 





+Loudon’s Magazine of Natural History, N, S. III. 


220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





headed toward the north-east, directly against the trades. Although I was 
familiar with the fact that commonly the Pieride are the first butterflies 
with which one meets when approaching land, and had tested the truth of 
it while nearing the coast of Portugal, and also off the Azores, I did not 
suppose that they regularly occurred in such abundance as I found them 
here in the Caribbean. In fact, it had been my experience to only meet 
with a half-dozen or so when approaching land. But here the steamer 
continually passed by straggling bunches of them, all flying north-east, out 
to sea. As we neared the shore, they became more common, and when 
at last I landed and looked up on the mountain-side above La Guaira, 
there were thousands of them. The whole mountain-side was thickly 
dotted with specks of yellow and orange, which kept moving steadily on, 
in an easterly direction, rarely pausing, following, apparently, the line of 
the coast, and going in the same general direction from which came the 
trade winds. 

On the next day, from the car window of the little train which runs 
from La Guaira to Caracas, over a roadbed from which are obtained 
glimpses of great gorges filled with tropical vegetation, as well as of the 
parched and barren mountain-sides, destitute of life save for a few gaunt 
post-cacti and scraggy thorn bushes, I saw thousands of butterflies of this 
group, all moving steadily, like the waters of a great river, toward the 
east. In many cases I thought I saw the insects flying in another 
direction. Often I was sure some were flying west, but on taking my 
bearings I invariably found that my calculations were at fault, and that all 
the butterflies were moving east. There is, perhaps, no railroad in the 
world on which a man is so often at a loss to know just where are the 
cardinal points of the compass. ‘The sun gives no clue during the hotter 
hours, at the season when I was there, as it is practically in the middle 
of the sky; and the whole journey is simply a succession of curves, this 
way and that, so confusing that many times I could not realize the 
compass had not succeeded in some way in getting out of order and 
reversing, or at least seriously changing its position with respect to the 
magnetic pole. Over the mountain-sides and across the valleys Pieridze 
could be seen, always near the ground, yet rarely alighting, and invariably 
travelling eastward. 

While at Caracas I made many excursions into the surrounding 
country for butterflies, and from the hilltops there I could watch the steady 


migration, although here the numbers were very much less than at La 
Guaira, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 221 





On the way back to La Guaira, as well as while staying there, I made 
a careful study of the constituents of this vast throng. ‘The most notice- 
able fact was that practically all were males. In fact, I saw but two or 
three females, and these were at a little roadside station, half way between 
the two towns. Iam almost certain that these were not members of the 
general tide, for they were flitting, to all appearance, aimlessly about, 
and did not evince that peculiar haste to move onward so noticeable in 
the others. 

During my stay at Caracas I collected a number of Pieride of several 
species, and of both sexes, in the meadows near the bank of the river 
which flows by the city. These seemed not to be affected by the general 
movement, and acted just as the members of the group ordinarily do. 

The most abundant species by far, making up between one-half and 
three-quarters of the flight, was Cad//¢dryas eubule. Of the remainder, 
Phebis argante was the commonest, with a close third in Aphrissa 
statira. Here and there could be seen Cal/idryas philea. Once or twice 
I thought I could make out C. czprzs, but could not feel certain of the 
identification. I make no mention, of course, of others of the group, as 
Pontia monuste and Gonepteryx clorinde, which, though common, did not 
seem to take any part in the migration. 

A few days later, while coasting along to the port of Cartipano, I 
continually saw the butterflies singly and in little bands out over the sea. 

From Cartipano I went to the island of Margarita, where I stayed for 
over three weeks. Here it was a noticeable fact that all the Pieride were 
resident in the little grassy patches, in which they apparently had been 
bred and stayed all their lives ; and here males and females were observed 
in normal proportions. Without doubt, the island was receiving its 
share of wanderers from the mainland, but those there showed no inclina- 
tion to leave, and were never found outside of the restricted localities 
where they made their homes. 

When I left the island I coasted along the shore as far as Trinidad 
(B. W. 1.), but did not observe anything of the swarms I had seen near 
La Guaira ; and it may be mentioned here that neither about Cartipano 
nor at any part of the coast were the insects found so abundantly as at 
and near La Guaira. 

There are two possible explanations of the facts just stated: Either 
that this is the regular habit of these butterflies, to keep constantly moving 
eastward during the imago state, or that it was an unusual migration. 


bS 
bo 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Further observation will prove which view is correct. But I have seen 
nothing to show that this is the ordinary mode of procedure for Pieride in 
this region; and from the immense numbers observed, it seems to me 
that it was one of those peculiar migrations to which this group seems to 
be particularly subject, started, perhaps, by some chance few down toward 
Puerto Cabello, or, it may be, as far as Coro, which picked up more and 
more as they went on, until when they arrived in the vicinity of La Guaira 
their numbers were beyond calculation, all the later additions to the 
multitude taking the same direction of flight as that adopted by the 
originators of the movement. 

Perhaps the course taken was at first an expression of positive 
anemotaxis—a flight against the prevailing wind. But later the sense of 
direction seems to have become so firmly fixed that they moved east even 
when in the sheltered valleys or in gorges where the direction of the wind 
was changed. 

This is, in brief, what it was my lot to witness while in Northern 
Venezuela ; and it is much to be hoped that others who chance to be in 
that locality at some future date will make notes of their experiences with 
the butterflies mentioned, and prove conclusively whether this was a 
normal condition of affairs or an extraordinary chapter in the history of 
insect life in this region. 


NEW APOIDEA FROM MONTANA. 
BY AUSTIN W. MORRILL, PH. D., MASSACHUSEITS AGRICULTURAL 
COLLEGE, AMHERST, MASS. 





Bombus Cooleyi, n. sp.—?. Length, 16-17 mm. — Integument 
black ; clothing black, yellowish white, pale ochreous yellow and rusty 
yellow. Head, seen from in front, about as wide as long. Malar space 
about one-sixth the length of eye. Third segment of antenna one-half 
longer than fourth, and scarcely longer than fifth. Face thickly clothed 
with pale yellowish-white hair, on the sides mixed with black. Vertex 
clothed with yellowish-white hair, which is fringed in front with black. 
Cheeks clothed with brownish-black, sometimes slightly mixed with 
whitish, hair. Clypeus shining, sparsely punctured, labrum fringed on 
free edge with rusty yellow hair. Clothing of thorax above.and on sides 
yellowish white, mixed with black in front of insertion of wings. A broad 
patch of black between the wings surrounds the smooth, polished 
mesothoracic disc and extends back in a point over the middle of 
metathorax. On each side of metathorax is a tuft of yellowish white hair. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275 





On sides of propodeum the yellowish-white hair is more or less mixed 
with black. Cox, trochanters and bases of femora on inner side with 
whitish hair. Clothing of femora elsewhere brownish black. Corbicule 
rusty yellow. Integument of posterior tibiz dark brown ; of tarsi light 
yellowish-brown. Tarsi clothed with fine, bright yellowish-brown 
pubescence. Wings slightly stained with brown, nervures brown. 

Dorsal surface of abdomen: First segment clothed on each side with 
a tuft of ochreous-yellow pubescence, the space between being bare, or 
nearly so; seeond segment clothed with black, slightly mixed with 
yellowish, except apical sides, where pubescence is pale ochreous-yellow ; 
third segment clothed similarly to second segment, except on extreme 
sides, where the pubescence is also pale ochreous-yellow ; fourth segment 
entirely clothed with pale ochreous-yellow pubescence ; fifth segment 
clothed with black, more or Jess mixed with yellowish pubescence and 
with a yellowish fringe on apical margin ; sixth segment scantily clothed 
with short black and brownish hair, at apex, brownish, velvety. Ventral 
surface : Segments two, three, four and five are fringed apically with 
yellowish-white hair. Specimens from Prof. R. A. Cooley, taken at 
Middle Cr. Canon, Bridgen Canon and Bozeman (elev. 4,800 ft.), Mon- 
tana, in June and July, 1899, and July, 1901, respectively. 

Colour variety A. Differs from type only in following details of 
colour : clothing of second and third abdominal segments above, entirely 
black, except for a few yellow hairs on apical sides of third segment. 

From Prof. R. A. Cooley, taken at Bridger Mt., Montana, elev. 6,000 
ft., June, 1899. 

Colour variety B. Differs from type only in colour of clothing of 
third abdominal segment above, which is entirely ochreous-yellow, except 
for a narrow band of black extending along the middle of the dorsum, 
from the anterior to posterior margin of the segment, and a few black hairs 
on the sides. 

From Prof. R. A. Cooley, taken at Bozeman, Montana, elev. 4,800 
ft., June, 1901. 


Described from three 2 specimens ; one, the type deposited in the 
collection of the Mass. Agric. College ; co-types deposited, one at the U. 
S. Nat. Museum and one in the collection of the Montana Agricultural 
College. Varieties A and B were described from one 9 specimen of 
each, both in the collection of the Mass. Agric. College. 

I take pleasure in naming this species after my friend, Prof. R. A. 
Cooley, of the Montana Agric, College. 


224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Bombus atrifasciatus, n. sp.—@. Length, 17% mm. Black, 
clothed with unusually fine and long, black and pale yellowish-white 
hair. Head, seen from in front, considerably longer than broad.* Eyes 
comparatively small. Malar space about one-half the length of eye. 
Face broad. ‘Third segment of antenna slightly longer than fifth; fifth a 
little longer than fourth. Clypeus strongly arched, shining, sparsely and 
rather coarsely punctured on sides. Labrum deeply cleft, sparsely clothed 
with brownish pubescence. Head clothed with brownish-black pubescence, 
mixed with whitish between bases of antenne. Thorax clothed with 
pale yellowish-white pubescence, except a broad oval band of black 
between the wings. Coxe, trochanters and bases of femora of first and 
second pairs of legs clothed with whitish pubescence ; femora elsewhere 
than at base, tibiz and tarsi clothed with reddish-brown pubescence. 
Coxe, trochanters and femora of third pair of legs clothed with long 
yellowish-white hair ; corbiculz rusty yellow, inner side of first tarsal seg- 
ment light brown, hind tarsi elsewhere clothed with very fine yellowish 
pubescence. Integument of legs brownish black. Wings stained with 
brown, nervures dark brown. Abdomen rather robust. Dorsal surface : 
segments one, two, four and five clothed with pale yellowish-white 
pubescence ; extreme sides and lateral portions of the posterior margin of 
segment three clothed with pale yellowish white, remainder of three 
clothed with brownish-black pubescence ; segment six sparsely clothed 
with short brownish yellow pubescence, velvety at apex. Ventral sur- 
face: segments two, three, four and five are fringed apically with pale 
yellowish-white hairs, much longer on sides than in the middle ; segment 
six clothed at apex with brownish-yellow, velvety pubescence. 

Described from one @ specimen from Prof. R. A. Cooley, taken at 
Gallatin Co., Montana, elev. 9,400 ft., collected in July, 1900. Deposited 
in collection of Mass. Agric. College. 

Psithyrus latitarsus, n. sp.—Q. Length 19-20 mm. Integument 
black, clothing black and yellow. Head seen from in front, a little longer 
than broad. Malar space about one-fourth the length of eye. Clypeus 
punctate. Third and fifth segments of antenna subequal, fourth segment 
about two-thirds as long as third. Clothing of head black, slightly mixed 
with yellow on vertex. Clothing of thorax brownish-yellow, except a 
narrow band of black between the wings and a little black on sides of 





*In the type, the length of the head, measured from vertex to base of the labrum, 
is 6 mm.; breadth 5 mm. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. yep) 





propodeum. Wings subhyaline, smoky brown, nervures brown. Legs, 
except tarsi, clothed with black and brownish-black pubescence. First 
tarsal segments clothed with brownish-black, except inner sides and tips, 
which with the four following tarsal segments are clothed with brownish- 
yellow pubescence, darkest on inner side of first tarsal segments. Length 
of metatarsus about two and one-half times its greatest width, posterior 
edge strongly arcuated. 

Dorsal surface of abdomen: Clothing sparse and short; black and 
pale lemon-yellow, the hair of the former colour usually tipped with brown- 
ish or yellowish, more noticeable on posterior margins of the segments. 
Pubescence on first segment black, sometimes mixed with yellow on the 
sides ; on second segment black ; on third segment black, with more or 
less yellow on sides posteriorly ; on fourth segment entirely yellow, except 
for a patch of black on middle of basal half, which may or may not extend 
in a point to apex of segment; on fifth segment black except extreme 
sides, which are yellow ; terminal segment naked except for a very fine 
brownish velvet-like pubescence below and on sides above ventral sur- 
face of abdomen ; segments one to five have an apical fringe of black 
hairs. "From each side of apical segment below arises an angular, keel-like 
process, which is directed outwards and downwards, the two converging 
posteriorly, becoming less pronounced, and disappear near the tip of the 
segment. From above these keel-like processes can be plainly seen 
extending outwardly from the sides of the apical segment. 

Described from nine 2 specimens from Prof. R. A. Cooley, taken at 
Gallatin Co., and Bozeman, Montana. Type deposited in collection of 
Mass. Agric. College. Co-types at Mass. Agric. College, U. S. Nat. 
Museum, and at Montana Agric. College. 

This species in colour, general form and size resembles P. ‘xsularis, 
Smith ; but the two cannot be even closely related, as will be seen from 
the following partial description of the Jatter species : 

Malar space about one-third length of eye. A tuft of yellow on head 
just above insertion of antenn, another on vertex, and sometimes a very 
small one between insertion of antenna—all fringed with black. Meta- 
tarsus about three times as long as its greatest breadth, posterior margin 
nearly straight. Apical segment of abdomen below with a simple rounded 
swelling on each side, not projecting enough to be noticed from above. 





I have examined thirteen 2 specimens of P. :wsudaris from Montana 
and one from New Hampshire (Durham), all of which agree with Smith’s 


226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





description of the species. One of these specimens was sent to Washing- 
ton, D. C., where it was compared by Mr. Ashmead with a specimen of 
P. insularis, determined by Cresson, and was found to agree. 

P. latitarsus, n. sp., also resembles /. campestris of Europe in 
colour, but can be readily separated from it by the broader metatarsus 
and the structure of the ventral side of the terminal abdominal segment. 





Fic. 9. Fic. 10. 


= 


Fig. 9.—Psithyrus latitarsus, 0. sp.; side view of terminal segment of 
abdomen. 

Fig. 10.—Psithyrus insularis, Smith; side view of terminal segment 
of abdomen. 

Fig. 11.—Psithyrus latitarsus, n. sp.; tarsal segments of left hind 
leg. 

Fig. 12.—Psithyrus insularis, Smith; tarsal segments of left hind leg. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. DIATE 


SOME NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA. 


BY E. B. BALL, AG. COLLEGE, LOGAN, UTAH. 


| 


Phlepsius collitus, n. sp.—Resembling fulvidorsum, but smaller and 
paler. Colour fulvous, elytra brown, with two imperfect light bands. 
Length, 9, 6 mm.; width 2 mm. Vertex short, obtusely rounded, but 
little longer on middle than against eye, three times wider than long ; disc 
convex; the anterior margin distinct, but not sharply angled; elytra 
rather long and narrow ; venation distinct, claval veins separate, parallel. 
Colour : vertex fulvous, sometimes with faint brownish mottling ; face 
uniform dull brown ; pronotum fulvous, usually mottled with brown on the 
disc ; scutellum fulvous. Elytra pale, heavily inscribed with brown, 
omitting three spots on the sutural margin, an oblong area just inside the 
costa on the apical half, and a pair of oblique bands starting from the first 
and last sutural spots, which are milky white. In the lightest specimens 
the brown tends to run together into dark blotches on the costa and 
between the white spots on the suture. Genitalia, female segment twice 
the length of the penultimate, the lateral angles obtuse, the posterior 
margin roundingly produced on the median third, and strongly notched 
in the middle. Disc of the segment fulvous, the posterior margin on each 
side of the slit black, the lateral angles light. 

Described from three females from Ames, Iowa. This species has 
long been confused with fu/vidorsum, but is readily distinguished by the 
shorter head and distinct genitalia. 

Phlepsius lippulus, n. sp.—Form of fulvidorsum nearly, but slightly 
smaller, and with a shorter vertex. Colour milky white, with three brown 
bands. Length 5.5 mm.; width 1.75 mm. Vertex nearly right-angled, 
one-third longer on middle than against the eve, twice wider than long, 
acutely angled with front, the margin distinct, except near the eyes. 
Front rather narrow, margins straight. Pronotum long, strongly angled in 
front, disc convex in both diameters. Elytra rather narrow, the venation 
obscure. Colour: vertex pale orange, an ivory white median line on tip, 
with a pair of oval brownish spots adjoining it, and a pair of black dots 
on the margin, nearly half way to the eyes. Face pale, slightly and 
evenly irrorate with fulvous brown. Pronotum fulvous brown; the 
anterior submargin white. Scutellum fulvous brown ; the oblique margins 
light, interrupted with a pair of black spots. Elytra milky white, a 
transverse fulvous brown band across the middle of clavus, another just 
back of clavus and a narrow apical margin of brown, The second band 


bo 
Lo 
oo 


THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST. 








forks on the middle of corium, and begins and ends in dark spots on the 
margin. A round black dot in the middle of the anterior milky band 
against the claval suture. Genitalia: female segment moderately long, 
half longer than the penultimate ; posterior margin nearly straight, slightly 
roundingly produced on the median half. 


Described from two female specimens from Biscayne Bay, Fla., 
collected by Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. This is a beautiful and strikingly 
distinct species. The milky-white elytra with the distinct brown bands will 
readily separate it from any other broad-headed species. 


Philepsius pauperculus, n. sp.—Resembling albidus, but smaller and 
with a sharper vertex. Colour pale greenish-white ; eiytra faintly fuscous 
marked. Length 3 mm; width less thant mm. Vertex nearly as long 
as pronotum, half wider than long, nearly right-angled before ; disc flat ; 
anterior margin thick, slightly acutely angled with face. Face strongly 
convex in profile ; pronotum short, wrinkled, depressed just back of the 
anterior margin. Elytra short, broad; venation indistinct. Colour: 
pale greenish-white. Vertex sometimes pale yellowish-white. Elytra 
pruinose, white or greenish-white, with a very few fuscous dots. Face and 
beneath pale greenish-white. Genitalia: female segment rather long, 
over twice the width of the penultimate ; posterior margin nearly straight, 
the lateral angles rounding ; median fourth slightly produced and faintly 
notched. 

Described from three specimens taken at Grand Junction, Colo., by 
E. P. Van Duzee and the author. 


Phiepsius Franconiana, n. sp.—Resembling Ufderi, but larger, with 
a more acutely angled vertex and a narrower head. Length, ¢, 5 mm.; 
width 1.4 mm. Vertex sloping in same plane as pronotum, slightly 
transversely depressed, subangulate, with the margins distinct ; margins 
subparallel. Face as in Z&. strodz, the front slightly more flaring above 
and with the base angled instead of rounding. Pronotum truncate, or very 
slightly emarginate, its anterior margin strongly curved. Colour: vertex 
and pronotum fawn colour, with light mottling. Scutellum testaceous, 
with four white points in a triangle at apex. Elytra brown, with brownish 
fuscous irrorations and reticulations, a broad, light band: just back of 
scutellum, a narrow line just before the apex of clavus, and an irregular 
one just before the apex. The bands are strictly transverse, and the middle 
one is slightly narrower than the brown one in front of it. The reticula- 
tions are continued across the light areas, Face fawn colour, with 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 





fuscous irrorations and a white mark just under the apex of vertex. 
Eyes red. Genitalia: male valve triangular, two-thirds the length of the 
ultimate segment ; plates long, triangular, their margins straight ; apices 
acute, two and one-half times the length of the valve, slightly exceeded 
by the pygofers. The margins clothed with fine silky hairs, submargins 
with coarse bristles arising from black spots. 

Described from one male from Franconia, New Hampshire, taken by 
Mrs. Annie T. Slosson, and kindly sent me by Mr. Van Duzee. 


Thamnotettix waldana, 0. sp.—Form and general appearance of 
montana nearly, slightly larger and lacking the white markings of that 
species. Testaceous brown; the vertex and margins of elytra pale. 
Length, 2, 5.5 mm.; 7, 5 mm. Vertex transversely depressed, one- 
fourth longer on middie than against the eye, over twice wider than long, 
broadly and evenly rounding to the front. Pronotum twice jonger than 
the vertex, rugose on the anterior submargin. Elytra rather long, narrow 
and closely folded behind ; venation distinct, similar to that of be///. 

Colour rusty brown; the vertex pale yellow, with a trace of rusty 
brown near base, sometimes forming a tranverse band in the male; the 
tips of the claval nervures and the costal margin of the elytra, from before 
the middle to just before the tip, white. Face and below varying from 
pale to nearly all fuscous. Genitalia: female segment rather long, 
truncate, with a broad triangular notch containing a strap-shaped tooth as 
long as the segment. Male valve short, obtusely rounding ; plates three 
times as long as valve, rather long, spoon-shaped, the margins clothed 
with long hairs. 

Described from sixteen specimens taken in North Park and Rico, 
Colo., by the author. 


Thamnotettix orbonata, n. sp.—Resembling atridorsum and infus- 
cata in general form, but paler. Pale, smoky greenish, with a broad 
rounding vertex. Length 5.25 mm. Vertex rounding to front, half as 
long as its basal width, a little more than half the length of the pronotum, 
one-third longer on middle than against the eye. Head slightly wider 
than the pronotum ; front parallel margined, narrowing to the clypeus ; 
clypeus narrow, constricted above the middle. Elytra much longer than 
the abdomen, broad and flaring slightly behind. Venation as in 
atridorsum. Colour pale green, slightly tinged with smoky brown. 
Elytra subhyaline, slightly iridescent; eyes dark; ocelli deep green. 
Genitalia; female segment short, over twice wider than long ; posterior 


230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





margin very slightly sinuate ; ovipositor long, slightly exceeding the 
rather slender pygofers. 

Described from two females from Biscayne Bay, Fla., collected by 
Mrs. Slosson. 


Thamnotettix Shermant, n. sp.—Resembling cyperacea in general 
appearance. Slightly stouter, paler, with a double-lined vertex margin 
and a deltocephaloid venation. Length 5.25 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Vertex 
flat; anterior margin obtusely angular, definitely and slightly acutely 
angled with the front, a third longer on middle than against eye, half 
wider than long. Elytra rather long, but with the apex broader than in 
cyperacea. Venation distinct, strong; two cross nervures between the 
sectors ; the central anteapical cell long, constricted and divided beyond 
the middle. Colour: pale tawny, iridescent over a_ subolivaceous 
ground. Vertex pale tawny-yellow ; anterior margin white, narrowly 
margined above and below with black, the black line above almost con- 
stricted into six dots. Elytra subhyaline with a slight tawny iridescence. 
Face pale tawny, below pale straw. Genitalia: female segment rather 
long ; posterior margin nearly straight; the lateral angles prominent. 


Described from one female taken at Raleigh, N. C., by Prof. 
Franklin Sherman, who sent a number of fine Jasside for determination. 


Chlorotettix rugicollis, 0. sp.—Resembling spatudatus, but with a 
broader vertex. Green, with a red band on the margin of vertex. Length 
7mm. Vertex broad, obtuseiy rounding, but little longer on middle than 
against eye, two and one-half times longer than wide, evenly rounding to 
front. Elytra rather long, the veins large and distinct. Colour: pale 
green, a transverse red band on margin of vertex and front, sometimes 
extending over the eyes. The male has the elytra clouded with tawny 
brown. Genitalia: female segment deeply triangularly excavated, with a 
strap-shaped tooth, similar to that in spatudatus. Male valve nearly as 
wide as the ultimate segment, and about half as long; plates nearly flat, 
long, triangular ; the margins sparsely haired. 


Described from four specimens: One female from Jacksonville, 
Fla., from Otto Heidemann ; a pair from Woodbine, N.-J., taken Aug. 
2nd, 1902, by E. P. Van Duzee; and one female from Victoria, Tex., 
received from U.S. Nat. Museum. ‘The remarkably broad vertex with 
the red margin will at once separate this from the other spatulate forms in 
this group. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 231 





Driotura gammeroidea, var. fulva, Nn. var.—Size and form of the 
species larger than var. fava. Entirely brownish fulvous, except the eyes, 
which are darker. 

Described from eight specimens from Denver, Colo., collected by the 
author. 


Driotura robusta, var. vittata, n. var.—Size and form of the species, 
black and white, variable. Vertex with a transverse light line on anterior 
margin, expanded into two spots at apex; four oblique black stripes on 
elytra, alternating with four hight ones. A transverse light band on 
abdomen, and a broader one on face. 

Described from six examples from Southern Colorado. 


Acinopterus acuminatus, var. variegatus, 0. var.—Form and structure 
of the species, but much lighter coloured. Vertex, pronotum and 
scutellum inclined to be reddish, especially in the male. Elytra whitish 
pruinose, nervures greenish, not margined, except towards apex and along 
the sutural margin, three fuscous points along the suture, and sometimes 
one on the disc of each elytron. 

Described from twenty-four specimens from Colorado and Arizona. 


A. acuminatus, var. viridis, n. var.—Form and structure of the 
preceding nearly; slightly smaller. Bright grass-green both above and 
below. Eyes and extreme tip of elytra fuscous. 

Described from a number of specimens from Southern Colorado and 
Arizona. ‘This is the common form in Southern Colorado, where it was 
collected by E. P. Van Duzee and the author. 


A. acuminatus, var. brunneus, n. var.—Slightly larger than the pre- 
ceding variety. Vertex, pronotum and scutellum pale green, washed with 
cinnamon-brown. Elytra pale cinnamon-brown, slightly fuscous at tip. 
Whole insect with a slight tawny iridescence, below pale green, 

Described from three specimens from Rifle, Colo.; taken by the 
author. 


Liburnia Slossoni, n. sp.—Resembling Stenocranus lautus in size 
and general appearance. Somewhat resembling D. mazdis. Length, 
macropterous 9,5 mm. Face broad, strongly carinate, slightly narrow- 
ing above. Elytra very long and narrow, resembling a Stemocranus, the 
outer branch of the first and the inner branch of the third sector uniting 
with the cross nervure alongside the second.sector. Colour: Face 
black, the carinz light, basal compartment of vertex, pronotum and 


te 
Os 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





scutelium pale creamy. A pair of parallel black stripes extending the 
entire length, interrupted on the sutures; a pair of black spots outside 
these on the posterior part of the scutellum, and a pair of black spots 
behind the eyes. Elytra pale creamy, subhyaline, a brownish stripe 
covers the outer part of the base of clavus and inner half of corium back 
to middle, beyond this the nervures are deep smoky-brown, except the 
outer fork of the outer sector, its cross vein and the outer apical nervure. 
Legs striped with fuscous and pale. 

Described from three females collected at Biscayne Bay by Mrs. 
Annie T. Slosson. This very large and distinct form in this group is only 
one of the many fine Homoptera that have come to hand from Mrs. 


Slosson’s collecting, and I take pleasure in naming it after her. 


Phyllodinus flabellatus, n. sp.—Larger and lighter coloured than 
nervatus, and with a longer vertex. Testaceous brown, with the posterior 
half of the vertex, the scutellum and the tips of the short wing pads milky 
white. Length, brachypterous 2, 3 mm., width 2 mm. Head slightly 
narrower than pronotum, vertex nearly quadrate, rounding in front. Front 
parallel margined, much longer than wide. Elytra about as long as head 
and pronotum, truncate behind, venation simple, indistinct. Colour : 
vertex and face dark brown, with about seven narrow interrupted transverse 
white bands. A light stripe across the apex of front, extending on across 
the gene to join the stripe on the reflexed portion of pronotum. Clypeus 
piceus, pronotum with the anterior half pweeous brown, posterior half and 
scutellum milky white. Elytra brown, the posterior margin milky white, 
broadest towards the costal margin. Abdomen above brown, a median 
and three lateral rows of white dashes, the anterior ones reduced to dots. 
Below dark brown or pitchy. Two anterior pairs of femora dirty straw, 
their foliaceous tibize fuscous, the tarsi white, tipped with black. 

Described from two females, one from Washington, D. C., from the 
collection of Otto Heidemann, and the other from Riverton, N. J., collected 
by C. W. Johnson, and sent by E. P. Van Duzee. Another female from 
the District of Columbia apparently belongs here, but is immature and not 
fully coloured. This is a pretty species, and might be mistaken for 
a Fissonotus but for the foliaceous tibiz. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233 





TWO NEW PHYTOPHAGOUS HYMENOPTERA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., D. SC, 


Xiphydria erythrogaster, sp. nov.— gf. Length, 9.8 mm. Head 
and thorax black, marked with yellow as follows: The black of the head 
is confined to the occiput, a large spot on the crown is dilated on each 
side, but does not quite reach the eye, while the yellow is confined to the 
cheeks, the face to above the insertion of the antenne, the front orbits and 
a V-shaped mark above the eyes. Mandibles yellow, with black teeth ; 
prothorax yellow, with a black Jine on collar above and a black mark in 
the lateral depressions ; mesonotum black, with two yellow spots on the 
disc ; scutellum with the axillz yellow; meso- and meta-sternum yellow, 
with black marks. The abdomen is pale ferruginous, except the first 
segment above, which is black ; the dorsal segments 1 to 4 have a yellow 
spot on each lateral margin, while the ventral segments 4 to 6 have tufts 
of black hairs. The antenne are 16-jointed, the first four joints pale 
ferruginous, the others black or blackish, joints 4 to 6 being tipped with 
yellow, the scape the longest joint, the third joint longer than the fourth, 
the following gradually shortening. Wings hyaline, faintly tinged, the 
veins brown. Legs pale ferruginous, the coxz and trochanters more or 
less yellowish, or yellow in front. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6844, U. S. N. M. (Ashmead collection). 

Hab.—Avalon, N. J. (Charles W. Johnson). 


Calameuta Johnsonii, sp. nov.i—?. Length, 9 mm. Black and 
shining ; the mandibles, except at apex, the apex of the third palpal joint, 
the front legs anteriorly from the middle of the femora to the fourth joint 
of the tarsi, a band on each side of abdomen, a spot at the apical angle of 
the 5th and 6th ventral segments, and the margins of the hypopygium, 
lemon-yellow ; wings slightly smoky, the veins blackish, the stigma brown ; 
antenne thickened towards apex, 21-jointed, the third joint shorter than 
the fourth. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6843, U. S. N. M. (Ashmead collection). 

Hab.—Riverton, N. J. (Charles W. Johnson). 


234 THE CANADIAN 


ENTOMOLOGIST. 





QUEBEC DIPTERA. 


BY THOMAS W. FYLES, 54 WOLFE ST., LEVIS, QUEBEC. 


I have taken, in the Province of Quebec, the undermentioned species 
of two-winged flies, the names of which do not appear in the Toronto 


Check List : 

Culex consobrinus, Desvordy. 
Chironomus teeniapennis, Cog. 
Tanypus hirtipennis, Loew. 
Diplosis grassator, /yZes. 
Bibio pallipes, Say. 

Plecia heteroptera, Say. 
Tipula cincta, Zoew. 
Pachyrrhina lugens, Zoew. 
Stratiomyia obesa, Zoew. 
Chrysopila quadrata, Say. 
Leptis vertebrata, Say. 
Leptis Boscii, Wacguart. 
Dasyllis flavicollis, Say. 
Lampria bicolor, Wiedemann. 


Leptogaster histrio, Wvedemann. 


Argyramceba sinuosa, Wed. 
Thereva senex. Walker. 
Pterodontia flavipes, Gray. 
Rhamphomyia umbrosa, Zoew. 
Dolichopus plumipes, Scofod7. 
Syrphus xanthostomus, Wved. 
Syrphus arcuatus, /ad/en. 
Sphegina rufiventris, Zoezw. 


Rhingia nasica, Say. 

Xylota curvipes, Loew. 
Cistogaster immaculata, J/acg. 
Ocyptera Caroline, Desv. 
Echinomyia florum, Wadker. 
Gonia capitata, De Geer. 
Exorista vulgaris, /id/en. 
Sarcophaga sarraceniz, /7Zey. 
Pollenia rudis, Fabricius. 
Ophyra leucostoma, Wredemann. 
Anthomyia radicum, Zizmeus. 
Blepharoptera lutea, Zoew. 
Tetanocera plebeja, Zoew. 
Pyrgota undata, Wredemann. 
Stictocephala cribellum, Zoew. 
Scioptera vibrans, Zinneus. 
Cheetopsis enea, Wredemann. 
Eutreta sparsa, Loew. 

Eurosta solidaginis, Fitch. 
Tephritis albiceps, Zoew. 
Palloptera superba, Zoew. 
Heteroneura spectabilis, Zoew. 


ENTOMOLOGICAL ReEcORD.—In the last two Annual Reports of the 


Entomological Society of Ontario, Dr. James Fletcher has given a very 
valuable and highly-interesting record of the important events in the 
world of Canadian Entomology noted during each year. As the prepara- 
tion of this record involves a large amount of labour on his part and its 
completeness and consequent value depends upon individual workers 
throughout the Dominion, it is earnestly hoped that each one will send in, 
without delay, notes of any remarkable captures or interesting observations 
that he has made, and not put off doing so to the end of the season. If 
received week by week, the trouble of classifying the notes and the 
necessary correspondence is not very great, but if allowed to accumulate 
it becomes most burdensome. Address (postage free), Dr. James 
Fletcher, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Zoo 








NOTES ON THE STRIDULATION AND HABITS OF 
RANATRA’ BUSCA, PAL.“B: 


BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, NEW YORK. 


Little is known regarding the sounds produced by the Rhynchota, 
and that little refers almost exclusively to the Cryptocerata, of which 
Corixa has had the most attention ; and some few observations have been 
made on Nepa, Sigara and Notonecta. It seems to me, therefore, that it 
would be well to put on record the observations and notes made by me on 
the stridulation of Ranatra, together with a few other remarks on this 
insect. 

Ranatra fusca, Pal. B., supposed to be the common form in the 
north-eastern portion of America, on being removed from its natural 
element, gives forth a peculiar note. Recently I have had the opportunity 
to study this at close range, in a specimen at present living in my 
aquarium. On taking the Hemipteron out of the water, the stridulation 
can be plainly felt by the fingers, even though, as is at times the case, no 
sound is audible. ‘The vibrations, when heard, produce a rasping, creaky 
chirp. Careful examination shows that the sound-producing apparatus of 
Ranatra departs somewhat from the more commonly met devices, while 
being similar to that in other insects in regard to the general method of 
producing tonal vibrations by the friction of suitably roughened surfaces 
in contact. The stridulatory areas in this insect are situated in the deep 
and elongated coxal cavities of the first pair of legs. This, as far as I 
have been able to learn, is an unusual position, which is not mentioned by 
Packard in his “Text-book of Entomology”; nor have I been able to find 
any reference to the production of sounds by Razafra in the literature on 
the subject that I have been able to consult. 

For the proper comprehension of the modus operandi, a brief and 
necessarily superficial description of that portion of the thorax in which 
the Coxe are set is not out of place. The narrow, elongated prothorax of 
Ranatra is not of sufficient width to receive both cox with any space 
between them. In order, therefore, to provide for this, the segment in 
question expands cephalad, and is provided with two deep slits extending 
to the anterior margin, one on each side, for the reception of the coxe. 
Due to the extreme shortness and transverseness of the head, the lateral 
processes of the cavities have the appearance of cheeks, and resemble 
somewhat the cheek-pieces of a Greek helmet. The coxz rub against the 
inner surface of the exterior walls of the cavities. Doubtless this surface 


236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








is roughened in some manner, as well as the portion of joint mentioned, 
on the areas of friction. This mechanism cannot be properly explained 
without a dissection, hence the insufficiency of the preceding. 


To stridulate, Razatra holds the first pair of legs in the same plane 
as the body, perfectly straight, and somewhat separated at the extremities, 
in such a manner as to press the cox against the inner surface of the 
outer wall of the coxal cavity. The insect jerks its legs while in this posi- 
tion back and forth, and thus causes the vibration. Both legs may be in 
motion at once, independently of each other ; or one only may be waved 
about. Each leg, therefore, stridulates without reference to the other, as 
Ranatra jerkily moves it about in anger or excitement. 


In the literature and references that I have been able to look up, no 
mention is made of this peculiarity of Ranatra, although it cannot have 
passed unnoticed by students of these hemipterous groups. In his “‘Cata- 
logus synonimicus et topographicus Rhynchotorum aquatilium hucusque in 
Italia repertorum,” Dr. A. Griffini gives a very full bibliography of the 
aquatic Rhynchota, and he records only one essay on the subject in 
question, “On Stridulation in the Hemiptera Heteroptera,” by O. H. 
Swinton, which mentions /Vefa, but makes no reference to Ranatra. Mr. 
G. W. Kirkaldy, F.E.S., also has had a paper on “ The Stridulating 
Organs of Water Bugs (Rhynchota), especially of Corixide,” treating 
principally of the last named. At some future date I shall endeavour to 
give a fuller account of the organs in Razatra, together with a bibli- 
ography. Meantime, a few random notes on habits may not be without 
interest. 


The way in which Ranatra seizes its prey is very characteristic. I 
feed mine on living flies, which are presented with a forceps under water. 
When the fly attracts its attention, Razatra very slowly, almost imper- 
ceptibly, moves its fore-legs, with the knife-like tarsus away from the tibia, 
toward its prey. When the tibiz are almost, or quite, touching the victim, 
the movement is so sudden and quick that one is aware of it only by see- 
ing the prey seized. Sometimes its hold is not satisfactory, and then it 
will let go, first with one tarsus, get a firmer grip with that, and then do 
the same with the other. Once it has the fly securely held, Ranatra 
slowly approaches it to its extended beak, with which it seems to touch 
and feel it until it finds a suitable spot, and proceeds to a leisurely meal. 
From this it might seem that Ramatra depends for its food not on such 
inhabitants of the water as swim by, but on the unwary ones that come to 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 237, 





rest anywhere within reach of its rapacious claws, and then only for some 
time. This is somewhat borne out by the fact that there are two or three 
smaller insects in the aquarium with my specimen, which have thus far 
entirely eluded Razatra’s appetite. 

A noticeable characteristic is the exceeding slowness of this insect’s 
motions. ‘They are practically imperceptible, and only the change of 
relative position of limbs or body makes one aware that it has moved. 
On occasion, Ranatra swims, not very fast nor very gracefully, but 
sufficiently well to afford it more rapid transportation when it chooses to 
resort to this method of locomotion. ‘The fringing hairs of its long legs 
are of great help in this. The second and third pairs are the ones used in 
swimming and walking, or otherwise moving about, by this insect, the first 
pair being used almost exclusively for prehension. 


SOME “CORRECTIONS TO. DRY DVYAR'S LIST -OF NOCTUIDS: 
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 
I. 
In Dr. Dyar’s recent very full and careful List of North American 


Noctuids, Wash. Cat., pp. 98-247, are a few errors which I would briefly 
point out in this journal. They have mostly arisen from a neglect of a 
couple of papers in Can. EnT., and one in Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1895, 
as well as from a two literal following of Prof. Smith’s Washington list. 
With regard to the general sequence of the order adopted, I have given 
that preferred by myself in these pages, and can only repeat here that the 
Noctuid series ( Zzthosta—Voctua ) affords a paraliel to that of the blues and 
skippers in the butterflies, and that I should place them below the series 
Bombyx, Lachnets—Geometra, disturbing as little as possible the older 
classifications. 

For sequence and nomenclature see my paper, Can. Ent., XXXIILI., 
116. ‘The papers in Can. Ent. apparently neglected by Dr. Dyar are: 
Vol. XXV., 217, and 153. The types of the forms therein described are, 
I believe, in the National Museum, Washington. They were sent at the 
time to Prof. Riley. 

I shall not especially and in detail again refer to the names of Mr. 
Walker which incorrectly replace for the moment certain of these given by 
me. They have been already discussed in these pages ; all the facts with 
regard to the use of /Yormisa are given by mein the paper in the Am. Phil. 
Proceedings, above alluded to, p. 429, 1895. For Hormisa, which is a 
synomyn of Apizewxis, the term Litognatha should be substituted. 


bo 
(oX) 
oO 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





A small box was mailed to me at Bremen by the late Mr. Hill, from 
Albany. As I remember, it contained, among the few specimens, the 
types of Hepialus auratus (Sthenopis, Cat. p. 580) and Rheumaptera 
immediata (3404 Cat., marked with a star and type stated to be “ lost ”). 

The contents of the box were deposited in the Bremen Museum for 
preservation. 

In Dr. Dyat’s list of Noctuids, I notice the following double names : 
The specimens identified as 2249 sericea, are probably 2253 venustula. 
What sericea is, is not known; the erroneous determination came from 
Albany. No. 2134 and No. 2143 I considered identical. No. 2201 
should be referred as synonymous with No. 2223. The original name was 
changed by the authors, 

2473. Formosa is type of Chrysanympha, Grote, Proc. Am. Phil. 
Soc., 417, 1895. I cannot regard this as congeric with moneta, 
which is type of Polychrysta, Hubn. (Grote, id.). But I may be 
wrong. 

2475. reoides, not “ eroides”; this mistake is copied from Smith, 
Wash. Cat. 247. 

2479. Festuce is type of Chrysaspidia, Hubn. Verz. (Grote, id.), and 
illistris is type of Huchalcia, which latter term is therefore here 
wrongly employed, and should be dropped. Speyer, Staudinger 
and myself agree that Putnami is not a race of festuce, but a dis- 
tinct species, and it appears to be also Asiatic in its range (Staud. 
and Rebel Cat. 2547, p. 237). 

2489. Hgena: the identification of this species from Florida, given 
in Smith’s List, p. 251, Can. Ent., XV., 26, should have been 
cited. 

2493. The identification of frate//a with ow is incorrect, as stated 
by Smith, Wash. List, p. 252. The two are distinct species, in 
my opinion. Any confusion between them seems to arise from 
a wrong identification of Guenée’s species. 

On page 206 of Dr. Dyar’s List, the genera, Oxycilla tripla and 
Zelicodes linearis, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., l.c., 1895, are omitted. Linearis 
is wrongly cited under “ Hormisa,” No. 3033. Of this species Prof. 
Smith has written that it does not belong to Zitognatha, and is not a 
Deltoid at all. Types of these two species are in coll. Neumogen, where 
Dr. Dyar examined them for me, l.c., p. 418. 


Mailed August Ist, 1903. 


The € anautiay Vntomalogist 


VoL. XXXV. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1903. No. 9 














LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA. 
BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON, ONT. 


The following list has been prepared from collections made in the 
Northwest Territories of Canada during the seasons of 1879, 1880 and 
1881, by Prof. John Macoun, Botanist of the Geological Survey Depart- 
ment of Canada. 

During the summer of 1879 collecting was done, starting from Fort 
Ellice, thence to the head of Long Lake; thence to the elbow of the South 
Saskatchewan ; then after crossing the river, in an almost straight line to 
Battleford ; then south to the Hand Hills, and still south to Blackfoot 
crossing ; thence west to Calgary, and up the Bow River to the gap in the 
Rocky Mountains. 

In 1880 collecting commenced at Brandon ; thence to Moose Moun- 
tains, from there to Moose Jaw; thence by Swift Current Creek to the 
Cypress Hills and Fort Waish; from Fort Walsh to Dunmore, and then 
towards the South Saskatchewan, and on to Humboldt, on the old north 
trail, and thence to Fort Ellice. 

In 1881, starting from Portage la Prairie ; thence to Lake Manitoba; 
then up Lake Manitoba and Lake Winnipegosis to its head; then up 
Red Deer River to its head ; then down Swan River to Livingstone, and 
across to the Assiniboine at Fort Pelly, and down it to Fort Ellice. 

The first two years were almost wholly on the plains, and collections 
made largely on mud by pools and in sand hills. The third year was 
almost wholly by water. 

The species taken during each of these seasons are indicated by the 
abbreviated figures ’79, 80 and ’81, respectively. 

An asterisk (*) before the several names indicates a species not here- 
tofore recorded as having occurred in Canada, in so far as the Society’s list 
and lists appearing subsequently in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are 
concerned. 

The numbers are those of Henshaw’s List. 


240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


The compiler is very grateful to all who have assisted in determining 
these insects, particular mention being made of Mr. Henry Ulke, the late 
Dr. John Hamilton and Prof. H. F. Wickham, for their very many acts 
of kindness. 


Cicindelide. 
1éc, Cicindela Montana, Lec., 1879. 
* 268, as Audubonii, Lec., ’79, ’8o. 
PN de 1o-notata, Say, 80. 
26a, ch generosa, Dej., 80. 


304, = limbata, Say, ’79, ’80. 
gee 4 Se vulgaris, Say, ’80. 
ee Aue repanda, Dej., ’So, ’S1. 
Stora aed hirticollis, Say, ’79 
ie ead me cinctipennis, Lec.. ’79, ’So. 
Reine Witis lepida, Dej., ’79. 
Carabide. 
*g2, Cychrus angusticollis, Fisch., ’79. 
116, Carabus Meander, Fisch., ’81. 
TRO bess teedatus, Fab..’79, ’80, Sr. 
roms serratus, Say, ’79, ’80, ’81. 
*137, Calosoma obsoletum, Say, ’79, ’8o0. 
142, py calidum, Fab., ’79, ’8o. 


I 42a, es tepidum, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
S045. Z moniliatum, Lec., ’79. 
*148b, a Zimmermanni, Lec., ’79, ’80 
153, Elaphrus cicatricosus, Lec., ’79, ’80 
157; oY riparius, Linn., ’79. 
160, sf ruscarius, Say, "80, ’81. 


165, Blethisa multipunctata, Linn., ’8r. 
178, Notiophilus sibiricus, Mots., ’79, 80. 
180, Leistus ferruginosus, Mann, ’79, 
217, Pasimachus elongatus, Lec., 80. 
225, Dyschirius nigtipes, Lec., ’8o. 
305, Bembidium carinula, Chd., ’79, ’8r. 
* 300, sd Lorquinii, Chaud., ’79. 
307; littorale, Oliv., 81. 
20; i: coxendix, Say, ’79. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





313, Bembidium nitidum, Kirby, ’79, ’8o. 


* 
’ 


359, 
*361, 
363, 
*378, 
*380, 
384, 
386, 
389, 
* 403. 
* 420, 


* 
5) 


« 


fuscicrum, Motz., ’79. 
scopulinum, Kirby, ’8o. 
postremum, Say, ’79, 81. 
Grapii, Gyll., 80. 
viridicolle, Laf., 79, ’80. 
variolosum, Motz. 


conspersum, Chd., ’79, ’So, ’81 


patruele, Dej., ’81. 
nigripes, Kirby, ’79, ’8o. 
Scudderi, Lec., ’79, 80. 
semistriatum, Hald., ’79. 
timidum, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
2:Sp5 270: 

2° Spry sO: 


449, Tachys nanus, Gyll., ’79. 


550, Pterostichus punctatissimus, Rand,, ’81. 


*558, 
a5 On. 
565, 
*567, 
583, 
588, 


(7 


scitulus, Lec., ’79. 
corvus, Lec., ’79. 
lucublandus, Say, ’8o, 
convexicollis, Say, ’8o, 
Luczotii, Dej., ’79, ’81. 
femoralis, Kirby, ’8o. 


*628, Amara jacobine, Lec., ’80. 


647, 
*654, 
657; 
658, 
664, 
669, 


674, 
*676, 
*678, 


latior, Kirby, ’79. 

longula, Zimm., ’79, ’8o, 
impuncticollis, Say, ’79, ’80, 
littoralis, Mann, ’79, ’8o. 
fallax, Lec., ’79, 80, 
erratica, Sturm., ’8o. 

obesa, Say, ’79. ’80. 
terrestris, Lec , ’79. 
remotestriata, Dej., ’79, ’8o. 
SP.) "79. 

Spi, 70; OO; 

sp,, 8o. 


241 


iw) 


le 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








710, Diplochila laticollis, Lec., ’79, 80. 
aET, a impressicollis, Dej,, 80. 
742, Calathus gregarius, Say, ’80, ’81. 
743, *  dnipratus; Dey or 

766, Platynus sinuatus, Dej, ’79, ’81. 


+732 Le funebris, Lec,, ’79, 780. 
786, "©"  S@FFaNnSspoay; 9'Q; 60; OT, 
796, c corvus, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
800, “ _cupripennis, Say, ’79, "80. 
815, ‘« -placidus, Say, ’79, ’8¢. 


818, 2° Scupreus, De];5, 70; 
S2t, ‘- _ obsoletus, Say, ’79. 


831, ‘} * Tuticomis, Weec;, 770. 
835, : lutulentus, Lec., ’81-. 
836, “« Unignceps,: Lees “7 9: 
Sp; 370: 
Sp., 60; 


§82a, Lebia meesta, Lec., ’8o. 
gtt, Blechrus nigrinus, Mann, ’79. 
940, Cymindis cribricollis, Dej., ’79, "80. 


*Q4l, «6 planipennis, Lec., ’79, ’8o. 
996, Chleenius sericeus, Forst., ’8o. 

1o2T, es pennsylvanicus, Say, "80, ’81. 
1028, ue interruptus, Hern, ’81. 


1052, Geopinus incrassatus, Dej., ’79, 80. 
*1054, Nothopus zabroides, Lec., ’79, 80. 
*1057, Piosoma setosum, Lec., ’79. 

1061, Agonoderus pallipes, Fab., ’79, 80. 

1079, Harpalus erraticus, Say, ’80. 


IOS, se amputatus, Say, ’79, ’8o. 

1082, x viridieneus, Beauv., ’80. 

1087, Bs Pennsylvanicus, Dej., ’8o. 

1094, e herbivagus, Say, ’79, ’80. 
* 1096, : ventralis, Lec., ’80. 
*1099, as ellipsis, Lec., ’80. 

LIOT, a cautus, Dej., 79, ’80, 

IT02, rs innocuus, Lec., ’79. 


1106, ~ Lewisii, Lec., ’79. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243 





1110, Harpalus funestus, Lec., ’79. 
R17, sé basilaris, Kirby, ’79. 
S SU Spi 7 OR 
2 SPs, 00: 
1r40, Stenolophus conjunctus, Say, 779, ’80. 
1158, Bradycellus rupestris, Say, ’8o0. 
Dytiscide. 
1302, Ccelambus impressopunctatus, Sch., ’80. 
1399, Ilybiosoma bifarius, Kirby, ’8o. 
1425, Agabus punctulatus, Aubé, ’80. 
*t430,. “*-" striculosus, Cr. 270.60. 
1436, . o>. infiscatus; Aube, “So. 
7, erythropterus, Say, 80. 
1466, Rhantus bistriatus, Bergst., ’8r. 
1474, Colymbetes sculptilis, Harr., ’79. 
1491, Dytiscus Harrisii, Kirby, ’8r. 
© SD: 79), 100. 


ce 


(To be continued.) 





A NEW PARANOMIA! FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, A. M., BD: °SC. 


Paranomia Venablestt, sp. nov.—Q. Length to.5 mm. Black ; 
abdominal segments 1—4 at apex with bands of a golden-yellowish 
pubescence ; the head in front, the cheeks, the occiput, the thorax in 
front at the sides, the postscutellum, the legs, and the abdomen beneath, 
all clothed with a pale or whitish pubescence. Wings hyaline, fuliginous 
at apex, the coste and parastigma black, the stigmal and internal veins 
testaceous. Legs mostly black, with tarsal joints 2-5 mostly yellowish. 
The head is rather finely, sparsely punctate, the thorax more closely and 
densely punctate, but with the punctures finer on the scutellum, while the 
metathorax is shagreened, opaque. ‘The abdomen has the first segment 
minutely punctulate, the following segments being more or less alutaceous. 

Type.—Cat. No. 6224, U. 5. N. M. 

Described from a single specimen, captured July 2oth, 1902, at 
Vernon, B. C., by Mr. E. P. Venables. 


244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


SOME DIPTERA FROM ARIZONA. 
BY JAMES S. HINE, STATE UNIVERSITY, COLUMBUS, OHIO. 





In a collection of Diptera, taken in Arizona by J. Thomas Lloyd, of 
Cincinnati, Ohio, during the summer of rgo02, I find some species of 
sufficient importance to warrant recording notes concerning them at this 


time. 
Chrysops proclivis, O. S.—Specimens of this species were taken in 


Oak Creek Canyon, July 5th. I have not seen a record of the species 
from this territory heretofore. 

Tabanus hyalinipennts, n. sp.—Female. Eyes bare ; length 15 mm.; 
antenne entirely black; proboscis black; palpi yellowish, with short 
white hairs; face and front brown, but this colour concealed by gray 
pollen ; lower part of face and cheeks clothed with long white hair ; front 
rather narrow, slightly narrowed below ; frontal callosity shining brown, 
nearly square, and as wide as the front and with a linear prolongation 
above it ; thorax reddish above, with four distinct black stripes, which 
extend back to the scutellum ; margin of scutellum reddish, with white 
hair, remainder blackish, with black hair ; femora black, with gray pollen 
and white hair; tibiz reddish; apices black, or at least dark; tarsi 
black ; wings entirely hyaline ; veins and stigma brown, all the posterior 
cells wide open. Abdomen black dorsally ; first segment broadly white 
on each side ; posterior margin narrowly white, and a white spot beneath 
the scutellum ; second segment with a prominent white triangle on each 
side of the middle and a white hind margin, which is three or four times 
as wide external to the triangles as between them; third segment with a 
narrow white marking on each side corresponding to the lateral triangles of 
the previous segment and white hind margin, which expands at the middle 
into a prominent spot, truncate before and attaining the middle of its 
segment ; fourth segment with a narrow white hind margin, which ex- 
pands into a prominent median triangle, which attains the anterior border 
ofits segment ; fifth, sixth and seventh segments with very narrow white 
hind margins. Ventrally the abdomen is dark, darkest on the middle, 


and clothed with gray pollen. 
Habitat.—Oak Creek Canyon. Several specimens, two of which are 
before me ; one taken July 2nd and the other July 7th. 


oO 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 24 





In form and appearance the species suggests 7? ¢rimaculatus, but 
the hyaline wings, the abdominal markings and smaller size are distinctive. 
It lacks the large median white triangle on the second segment, so 
conspicuous in soda/is. 


Leptomydus venosus, Lw.—The species of this genus seem not to be 
easily recognized, because the sexes of each species are widely different, 
and all the original descriptions were written from a single sex, some from 
males and some from females. In the collection before me are the sexes 
of a species, the male of which agrees very well with venxosus. I give 
below the descriptions of both sexes, hoping that such may be of use to 
some future student of the group : 


Male.—Head and its appendages black ; face and front clothed with 
long yellowish gray pile. Thorax black, with four light-coloured stripes 
above ; anterior and middie legs black, with extreme bases of all the 
ubiz yellowish ; broad bases of posterior femora and tibie yellow, other- 
wise these legs are black or brown; wings uniform dilute yellowish. 
Abdomen reddish; posterior margins or all the segments narrowly yellow, 
and on each side of the second segment the yellow margin surrounds a 
small reniform black spot ; anterior margins of all the segments black ; the 
first segment is wholly black, except the yellow hind margin, and on the 
sixth and seventh segments the black is mostly confined to the sides. 
Length 15 mm. 


Female.— Whole insect reddish-yellow ; eyes, proboscis and part of 
front blackish ; thorax with light yellow stripes ; abdominal segments 
margined behind with distinct light yellow; on each side of the second 
segment this yellow margin includes a small reniform black spot ; spines 
at end of abdomen red ; wings coloured as in the male. Length 19 mm. 


In both male and female the first posterior cells of the wings are 
wide open. 


ffabitat.—Both sexes taken in Oak Creek Canyon, June 3oth. 


In the female the black proboscis, the lack of black stripes on the 
lateral margins of segments (two to seven) and the red spines at the end 
of the abdomen serve to distinguish this sex from drachyrhynchus of Osten 
Sacken. 


Myiolepta aurinota, n. sp.—Male. Length g9 mm, In general. 
coloration the antenne are reddish, but the first two segments are darker 
and more shining than the third; arista at base concolorous with the 


246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





segment that bears it, at apex darker. Region surrounding the ocelli, a 
space above the antenne, a triangular spot on the face, including the 
facial callosity and cheeks, shining black ; remainder of the face and front 
gray pollinose, with sparse white hairs near the eyes. Mesonotum, includ- 
ing the scutellum, entirely densely clothed with coarse golden hair; pleura 
with white hair ; wings nearly hyaline, but from certain views they appear 
slightly clouded ; general colour of legs black, with white hair; all the 
tibiz yellowish at base; first two segments of each of the middle and 
hind tarsi yellow ; first two segments of each front tarsus dusky, but 
lighter in colour than the three remaining segments ; all the femora 
swollen, and with short black spines below on apical parts. Abdomen 
black, clothed on dorsum with black and golden hair, on sides with white 
hair; the black hair of the dorsum is very short, and distributed as 
follows: the anterior half of the second segment, a rectangular patch on 
anterior middle of the third segment, occupying two-thirds of the length 
and over half of the width of this segment, and a triangular patch on the 
anterior third of the fourth segment. The golden hair is longer and 
coarser than the black, and most dense on the fourth segment. The first 
segment, and all the sutures between segments, are thinly gray pollinose, 
giving the effect to the unaided eye of gray bands. 


Habitat.—Pheenix, Arizona. Taken June 18th. 


The species has most affinities with strzgé/ata, Loew, and auri- 
caudata, Williston, but on comparison with the former species in the U. 
S. National Museum, I find the two havea very different appearance. 
From the latter the coloration of the abdomen and legs, the lack of 
‘“solden tomentum” on the frontal triangle, and the larger size are 
sufficient to distinguish it. In accordance with what has been observed 
in related species, | should expect that the vestiture of the female is paler 
than in the male. 


Milesia bella, Townsend.—Several specimens of this beautiful 
syrphid were taken at Elden Mountain, June 17th. The black front 
tibiae and tarsi and the thoracic markings easily distinguish the species 
from ornata, Say, which is our common eastern member of the genus. A 
reference to Townsend’s fine description in the Annals and Magazine of 
Natural History, Ser. 6, Vol. XIX., 142, will reveal the characters of de//a 
and its differences from ornata. Townsend’s types were taken in 
southern New Mexico. 


bo 
— 
~I 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





A’ LIST OF CALIFORNIA APHIDIDAL. 


BY WARREN T. CLARKE, BERKELEY, CALIF. 


Our knowledge of the group Aphidide in California has beenslimited 
in the past to certain forms that were of economic importance in their 
relations to cultivated crops. No systematic list of these interesting 
insects has heretofore been attempted in this region, and this has not been 
due to any lack of material, for the varying conditions of climate here 
seem to be particularly favorable to them. 


In Hunter’s list of the Aphidide of North America (Bull. No. 60, 
Iowa Ag. Ex. Sta., 1901) we find nine forms that may be considered as 
reported from California. Only five of these forms are directly referred to 
this State, while the other four are stated to be found, as in the case of 
Nectarophora avene, Fabr., ‘throughout the United States.” One of the 
five forms directly referred to the State is ApfA7zs malz, Fabr. The writer 
is doubtful of the occurrence of madi here, and believes that other species 
have been confused with it, and therefore does not include it as a 
California form. With this exception the following list is made up from 
the reported Aphididee of California and from the writer’s own collections 
in the State during the past eighteen months. 


Forty-three species are listed, including ten new species. This num- 
ber does not by any means exhaust the group so far as this State Is con- 
cerned, as it represents but few localities, yet it is believed that the 
presentation of the list at this time is desirable, in that it may stimulate 
further study of the group by other observers. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


A. Third) discoidal veinwantintee..2 92 Ate Sa eek hy NO kena: 

tren ees a SES SINT DLE Reames Etre sa eaten Aco et 2) 09))0) 1 heA TIS 

INNO tn 54 . ‘fx MONE-DPANGHEG sms fo - 6s. toe 2 CHIZOneura, 
eUs0s Veen tame ut ‘*  two-branched. 

BY Antennesghve-joimted e2 s+ pnt ens eee... a een A feachnus. 


BB. Antenne seven-jointed. 
C. Style long. 


D. Frontal tubercles toothed internally..-.. .......Phorodon. 
DD. Frontal tubercles not toothed internally. 

E. Frontal tubercles approximate............Nectarophora. 

Ee. Erontal tubercles distamte. .: ees: -cehle. Hie ehMiiaus: 


CC. Style short. 


248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





F. Honey tubes long. 


G. Antenne on frontal tubercles .. .....Rhopalosiphum. 
GG. Antenne not on frontal tubercles. 

H. Honey tubes clavate: 20s, v:,. 04 f..2....sip hocoryne. 

HH. Honey tubes cylindrical. 
Le UBOOy ONES Cutan Brice eae: .. Hyalopterus. 
Tl (BodyShorte ten. Act oe Bae fone tee DUIS: 

FF. Iloney tubes short. 

J. Antenne shorter than body... .Chaitophorus. 


JJ. Antenne longer than body. 
K. Honey tubes longer than 


broad)c....0.. 047... DrephanGsiphum: 
KK. Honey tubes shorter than 
broads) 0. 7 (es. eee Callliprerus: 


PHYLLOXERA.— Vastatrix, Planchon ; Vitis vinifera ; California, 

PEMPHIGUS.—Sugma more than twice as long as broad, populicaudlis ; 
less than twice as long as broad, dete. 

Populicaulis, Fitch; cottonwood and poplar; Fresno, Berkeley, 
Rumsey. 

Bete, Doane ; sugar-beet, Canaigre (Rumex hymenosepalous) ; red 
dock ; Berkeley, Placer County, Palo Alto. 

While these two forms of Pemphigus are reported as separate species, 
it is the opinion of the writer that it will be found that one is a migrant 
form of the other. I have noted Jefe to be extremely prevalent on sugar. 
beets planted near cottonwoods infested with popudicaulis. 

ScHIZONEURA —Abdomen chocolate-brown, J/anigera; pale green, 
pinicola ; black, guerci; lilac brown, Americana. 

The colour effect is best obtained by bathing the fresh specimens for 
a short time in 95% alcohol. 

Lanigera, Haus. ; apple ; throughout the State. 

Pinicola, Theos. ; Pine (P. radiata) ; Berkeley, Palo Alto. 

Querct, Fitch ; various oaks ; Berkeley. 

Americana, Riley ; elm ; Berkeley, Newcastle. 

LacHnus.—A/nifolie, Fitch ; alder (A/nus, sp.) ; Berkeley, Colfax. 


CHAITOPHORUS.— Viminalis, Monell; willow ; Newcastle, Watson- 
ville. 
CALLIPTERUS — 


A. Body with dorsal sete. 
B. Body less than twice as long as broad. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249 





Ci Colgua:veryapales Ac: "s. 1.025 Seep Nadas clotsl ec hyalinuse 
€€, Coley dark: yellow 2022222) .4. Barocas oe heres COTY lig 
BB. Body more than twice as long as Hudel 
D. Four rows of setiferous tubercles on back of 


BLGOMEM: va «et recess eee aan Ae Oa heats crop CAStanese. 
DD. Setiferous dineteiee NOt LL.FOWS TH. ae. oe os ee SoaRBETColens: 

AA. Body without dorsal setee. 
FE, Seventh joint of antenne shorter than sixth........carye. 


EE, Seventh joint of antenne longer than sixth. . . betulecolens. 

Cary@, Monell; black walnut; Berkeley. 

Betulecolens, Fitch ; birch ; Berkeley. 

Castanea, Fitch ; chestnut ; Berkeley. 

Arundicolens, i. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.54 mm.; width 69 mm. Length of joints of 
antentizae. LUD S97 mm: EV. ssommm-seV. 2.54 mimes V1.5 .27 mms Vis 
.27 mm, Body setiferous ; general colour light lemon-yellow to darker 
yellow, Nectaries reduced to tubercles. Cauda wartlike. Rostrum 
reaching to second coxe. Antennal joints III., IV. and V. black at 
outer ends. Tarsi dusky. Eyes red-brown. 

Alate viviparous female. 

Length of body, 2.19 mm.; width, .81 mm. Expanse of wings from 
tip to tip, 7.19 mm. Length of joints of antenne: IIT., 1.04 mm.; IV., 
-spmm.; V., .61,mm.; VI.,..35: mm.; VII.,.35 mm. General colour of 
body light lemon-yellow. Wings hyaline ; veins and stigma greenish, 
Cauda short, tip black, Nectaries reduced to tubercles. Tarsi dusky, 
Eyes red. Sixth antennal joint dusky; Vth and 1Vth black at outer end; 
IlIrd ringed with black one-third distance from joint IT. and at outer end. 

Small colonies, and also distributed singly on under sides of leaves 
of bamboo (Arundo, sp.), Berkeley. 

Flyalinus, Monell ; oak ( Quercus imbricata) ; Berkeley. 

Corylt, Goetze ; hazelnut (CoryZus, sp.) ; Berkeley. 

DrEPHANOSIPHUM.—Acerifoli, Thos. ; live oak ; Berkeley. 

HYALOPTERUS.— Arundinis, Fabr. ; apricot; Berkeley. 

AMPS 

A. Antenne not more than half the length of body. 
B. Honey tubes reaching not quite half way to tip of abdomen, 
€, Honey tubes red-brown ste sos a. . Alamedensis: 
GC. Honey tubes yellows yn eo ae 2» Calendulieolar 
CCC. Honey tubes black. 


250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





D. Body less than twice as long as broad........ persicz-niger. 
DD. Body more than twice as long as broad .... .......maidis. 
BB. Honey tubes reaching more than half way to tip of abdomen. 
E. Cauda more than twice as wide at base as at 


tip (conreal) oiteta.e aie emo Heese om. oe otek AION 
EE. Cauda about as wide at base as at Ni 
(filiform) . Retin eee cela be Rs ee ORIOL TETAS, 


AA. Antenne three- fouiiies or more length af bina. 
BBB. Honey tubes reaching beyond tip of abdomen. 
EF: Catida anconspiemouseg bisa eid Set eee ae ROT Dl 
FF. Cauda evident. 
G. Cauda about as wide at tip as at base 


(filiform)... Sin neat 2h Lol snake OSSD 
GG. Cauda more thou twice as ee at be as at 
base:(canieal)-+ Aaceass. aan fe. 34-Ceanophie 
BBBB. Honey tubes not ee cuee to ip of aielagiene 
Js Gaudaincenspieuous,; Sead ee . brassicee, 
HH. Cauda evident . Re os eee rae . crateegi. 


Brassice, Livn.; throughout the Sate: on various Pe siere: 

Calendulicola, Monell; marigold ; Berkeley. 

Crategi, Monell ; hawthorn (Crategus, sp.); Berkeley. 

Gossypii, Glover ; shepherd’s-purse, watermelon ; Newcastle, Wat- 
sonville. 

Ceanotht. n. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, t.46 mm.; width, 1.19 mm. Length of joints of 
antenne : IfI:, .31 mms 1V.,..16 moi. Ve) cv mimes VL as mat, ee 
.27 mm. Body smooth, globular; general colour clouded yellow-brown. 
Nectaries reaching beyond end of body, black. Cauda conical, incon- 
spicuous. Legs and antenne of a uniform yellow-brown colour. Eyes 
black. 

Alate viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.54 mm.; width, .58 mm.; expanse of wings from 
tip to tip, 5.58 mm. Length of joints of antenne: III., .38 mm.; IV., 
.Igmm.; V.,.19 mm.; VI.,.15 mm.; VII.,.27 mm. Colour of head and 
thorax jet black ; abdomen clouded yellow-brown. Wings opalescent, 
veins dark green. Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. Cauda conical, 
yellow-brown in colour. Nectaries reaching beyond tip of body, black. 
Tibiz yellow-brown except outer end, which is dusky. Other joints of 
legs dusky. Antennal joints yellow-brown. Eyes black. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251 





Large colonies on tender tips and on blossoms of Ceanothus integer- 
rimus, Colfax. 

Alemedensis, 1. sp.—Apterous vivipareus female. 

Length of body, 1.27 mm.; width, .50 mm. Lengtir of joints of 
antennze’: DIT .15 mins Ns, 63 mm Ve a5 mms Vis os mmeeV il. 
-23 mm. Body smooth, general colour yellow-green to red-brown. Nec- 
taries red-brown, reaching not quite half-way to tip of abdomen. Cauda 


conical. Eyes red. 
Alate viviparous femaie. 


Length of body, 2.31 mm; width, .77 mm. Expanse of wings from 
tip to tip, 6.15 mm. Length of joints of antenne: III, .50 mm.; IV., 
3tmm.;; V.)-19emm.; VL) -212 mm.; V1l.,<38 mm, > Head audiphorax 
black. Abdomen yellow-green to dark brown. Wings hyaline, 
veins yellowish. Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. Cauda 
conical and of same colour as rest of abdomen. Nectaries not 
reaching to end of body, black. Legs dusky. Antennz dusky yellow. 
Eyes dark red. Flocculent masses of wax covering abdomen. 

Rather large and numerous colonies on leaves of Greengage. 
Alameda County. 

Mardis, Fitch ; sorghum, corn ; Berkeley, Watsonville. 

Mori, 1. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.04 mm.; width, .65 mm. Length of joints of 
antenne ; III.,.12 mm.; IV.,.o6 mm.; V., .o6mm.; VI., .12 mm.; VIL, 
-15 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, abdomen dark green. Nectaries 
fuscous, reaching to tip of abdomen. Cauda conical. Tarsi dusky, 
other joints of legs yellow green. A row of six dark spots extends from 
the nectaries to the thorax on each side of the abdomen. Rostrum 
extends to middle coxe. Eyes dark. 

Alate viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.22 mm.; width, .54 mm. Expanse of wings from 
tip to tip, 3.77 mm. Length of joints of antenne: III., .r5 mm.; IV., 
.12 mm.; V.,.12 mm.; VI.,.08 mm.; VII, .23 mm. Head and thorax 
greenish-black. Abdomen yellowish-green, with two black dorsal patches. 
Wings hyaline, veins greenish. Stigma, long, narrow, greenish. Cauda 
conical, dusky. Nectaries black, reaching to tip of abdomen. Legs and 
antennz dusky. Eyes black. 

Found on under sides of leaves of mulberry (4/orws, sp.), appearing 
in enormous numbers, and giving the attacked trees a dirty, smutty 
appearance. 


bo 
On 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





(Enothere, Oestl.: Gunothera bectiana, Epilob:um ; Berkeley. 
Perstce-niger, Sith ; peach, plum ; Placer County. 
Sorbi, Kalt ; apple ; Placer County. 
SIPHOCORYNE.—Fenicult, Pass.; sweet fennel (7 vulgare); Berkeley, 
Newcastle. 
RuHOPALOSIPHUM.— Dianthi, Schrank ; English ivy ; Berkeley. 
Myzus.—Cerast, Fabr.; Greengage ; Berkeley. 
PHorRoDON.— Scrophularie, Thos.; Scrophularia, sp.; Berkeley. 
Flumuli, Schrank. Reported as present on hops and Prunus 
domesticus, in this State. Unknown to me. 
NECTAROPHORA.— 
A. Antenne as long or longer than body. 
B. Honey tubes reaching beyond tip of abdomen. 
C. Honey tubes black. 


Paeer . valerianie, 
CC. Honey tubes eiotided Fellow: 
D. Body more than twice as long as broad. 
E. Cauda more than twice as wide at base as at 
tip (conical)... TOS. 


EEF. Cauda about as mae at base as at Hap (Gliforinyy Gaireene a. 
DD. Body less than twice as long as broad. 
F, Cauda more than twice as wide at base as at 


Gipp,(GOiNcal) sc een RR ee 2 haa 
FF. Cauda about as wide at base as at tip 
(filiform) !232% 2 Svs stat ses DACChanGls: 


BB. Honey tubes reaching to tip er abtoneas 


G. Honey tubes black .... UPy se hacet Mere sonchella. 
GGe Honey ‘tubes! yellow’. fh.s 9  . Ielyeopersicr 

AA. Antenne shorter than body. 
H. Honey tubes and cauda black ........ . . citrifolii. 


HH. Honey tubes and cauda clouded yellow. . .jasmini. 

Citrifolii, Ashm.; orange ; Azusa. 

Jasmini, 0. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.73 mm.; width, .58 mm. Length of joints of 
antenne.: TIT, S23 tam,; TV; 23 mm.5° Ve,..19 mus Vi, re min, Wolk 
.38 mm. General colour yellowish-green. Nectaries reaching beyond tip 
of abdomen, clouded yellow in colour, with outer ends darker. ‘Tarsi 
dusky ; other joints of legs light yellow. Antennal joint IIT. light yeilow; 
others dusky. Rostrum reaching to third cox. Eyes pink. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253 





Small colonies on under sides of leaves of jasmin. No winged speci- 
mens found. Berkeley. 

Sonchella, Monell; Souchus, sp. (Sow thistle) ; Berkeley, Palo Alto, 
Newcastle. 

Lyéopersict, n. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 2.31 mm. width, .58 mm, Length of joints of 
antennae. Wile -6genim.> Ves caanm. Viges Amin; Vee ao mom. Vile: 
77mm. General colour green. Nectaries yellow, occasionally dusky at 
outer end, reaching to tip of abdomen. Cauda prominent, green, out- 
lined with black.” Tarsi black. ‘Tips of tibiz black. Rest of tibie and 
femora dusky. Eyes red 

Alate viviparous female. 

Length of body, 2.50 mm.; width, .96 mm. Expanse of 
wings from tip to tip, 8.65 mm. Length of joints of antenne: 
Pie ean mms: [Vs Soe mm a Ve tsh Ou Mints VIG Soom mss Ne eee 
77 mm. General colour green. Nectaries yellow, occasionally dusky at 
onter end, reaching beyond tip of abdomen, Cauda prominent. ‘larsi 
black. Tip of femur and tibie black, rest of joints of legs greenish, 
yellow. Antenne dusky. Wings hyaline, veins and stigma yellow-green. 
Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. 

A handsome insect, found on tomato, generally on the blossoms, 
which they destroy. Occasionally found on tender leaves. Individuals 
isolated or in very small colonies. Berkeley. 

Valeriania, n. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 2.85 mm; width, 1.15 mm. Length of joints of 
antennz : IIL) 81mm; DV., .6omm:; V.,.58 min; VIP oreo. mm + Vil. 
.88 mm. General colour of body yellow-brown. Nectaries black, reach- 
ing beyond tip of abdomen. Cauda prominent. Antennz dusky.  Tarsi 
and outer ends of femur and tibia black. Rest of joints of legs yellowish. 
Rostrum reaching to third cox and tipped with black. Eyes yellowish, 

Alate viviparous female. 

Length of body, 2.92 mm.; width, 1.15 mm. Expanse of wings from 
tip to tip, 9.61 mm. Length of joints of antenne: III, 1.00 mm.; IV., 
-77 mm.; V.,.65 mm.; VI.,.19 mn.; VII,.96 mm. Antenne and head, 
back of thorax, nectaries and outer ends of femora and tibie black. 
General colour of rest of body and legs yellow-brown. Wings greenish- 
yellow, veins darker. Third discoidal vein obsolete at base. Rostrum 
reaching to second cox. Cauda prominent. Nectaries reaching beyond 
tip of abdomen. Eyes black. 


254 — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Small colonies cn growing tip of valerian (Valeriana officinalis ), 
Berkeley. 

Rhamaui, n. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.73 mm.; width, .8r mm. Length of joints of 
antenne :. TILs..so mini; V.,..38.mm,;) V_,. 36 mm. VL room 5¥ Die, 
.96 mm. General colour green. Nectaries greenish-yellow, reaching 
beyond tip of abdomen. Cauda prominent, conical. Legs and antenrie 
light yellow. Rostrum reaching to middle coxee. Eyes dark red. 

Small colonies on under sides of leaves of Rhamnus Californica. 
No winged specimens found. Lander. 

Baccharidis, n. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.38 mm.; width, .62 mm. Length of joints of 
antennce: Ills seman, tv. .27 mm: V.,..27 mms NL mimes VT 
.38 mm. General colour of body green. Nectaries clouded yellow, 
reaching well beyond tip of abdomen. Antenne, tibiae and tarsi dusky. 
Cauda prominent, filiform. Rostrum dusky, reaching to second coxe. 
Eyes dark red. 

Alate viviparous female. 

Length of body, 2.11 mm.; width .77 mm. Expanse of wings from 
tip to tip, 6.92 mm. Length of joints of antenne: III, .62 mm.; IV., 
.31mm.; V.,.31 mm.; VI,.15 mm.; VII, .38 mm. General colour of 
body green. Nectaries, tip of femora, tibiz and tarsi black. Wings 
hyaline, stigma greenish, veins dusky. Cauda prominent. Nectaries 
reaching much beyond tip of abdomen, Eyes dark red. 

Isolated individuals and small colonies on Baccharis, sp. Berkeley. 

Rose, Linn. Very common on rose in many parts of the State. 
Californica, n. sp.—Apterous viviparous female. 

Length of body, 1.92 mm.; width, .77 mm. Length of joints of 
antenne: III, .35 mm; IV.,.38 mm; V., .50 mm.; VI.,.19 mm.; VIL, 
r.o8 mm. General colour green. Joints of the antenne and the tarsi 
black. Rostrum reaching to second coxe, tip black. Nectaries yellow- 
green, reaching beyond tip of abdomen. Eyes pale, 

Small colonies on tips of new growth of willow. No winged 
individuals present. Newcastle. 

Avene, Fabr. Present in the State, but unknown to me, and not 
included in synoptical table. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255 





FOUR NEW SPECIES OF CULEX. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Culex cantator, new species.—Female. Near sylvestris, but the 
seventh abdominal segment almost wholly yellow scaled, etc. Head 
black, oral margin and base of antennz yellow, remainder of antenne and 
the proboscis black, palpi brown, its scales chiefly concolorous, no cluster 
of white hairs or scales at their apices ; narrow scales of middle of occiput 
golden yellow, the upright ones chiefly black, sides of occiput covered 
with depressed whitish scales and with a small cluster of black ones ; 
thorax reddish brown, scales of mesonotum golden yellow, becoming pale 
yellow in front of the scutellum and on the pleura ; abdomen black, its 
scales black, except a crossband of yellowish white ones at base of each 
segment, the bands considerably narrowed at the middle, similar scales 
scattered over the sixth and nearly the whole of the seventh segment and 
along apices of the two preceding segments ; legs yellow basally, becom- 
ing brown on the tibiz and tarsi, scales of femora chiefly pale yellow, of 
the tibiz mostly black, those on the hind side pale yellow, on the bases 
of the tarsal joints whitish, those on the second joint of the hind tarsi cov- 
ering about one-fourth the length of the joint, front tarsal claws toothed ; 
wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow, hind crossvein 
nearly its length from the small crossvein, petiole of first submarginal cell 
from one-half to four-fifths as long as the cell; length, 4 mm. One speci- 
men bred May 6, by Mr. LaRue Holmes. 

Habitat.—Summit, New Jersey. 

I have also examined 8 females and as many males, bred by Prof. J. 
B. Smith, from the salt-marshes of New Jersey. In the male the scales of 
the palpi are black, those of the under side and at bases of the last two 
joints yellowish white, no whitish band at base of the antepenult joint. 

Prof Smith informs me that the larva is readily separated from that 
of sylvestris. 

Culex aurifer, new species.—Female. Near ¢riseriatus, but the 
scales on sides of mesonotum golden yellow instead of white, and the 
venter is without crossbands of black scales. Black, the halteres, coxe 
and femora largely yellow ; scales and hairs of palpi brown, scales of occi- 
put golden yellow, the upright ones brown ; scales in middle of mesono- 
tum brownish black, those on the sides and many in front of the scutellum 
golden yellow, those of pleura pale yellow ; scales of abdomen black, those 
on the venter pale yellow, sometimes encroaching a trifle on the dorsum, 


256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





hairs of the first segment and at the apices of the others pale yellow; 
scales of femora and on posterior side of tibie pale yellow, remaining 
scales of tibia and those on the tarsi black, front tarsal claws toothed ; 
wings hyaline, lateral scales of the veins long and narrow, hind crossvein 
about its length from the small crossvein, petiole of first submarginal cell 
three-fifths the length of the cell; length, 4.5 mm. 

Three specimens, collected June 22 and 25, by Dr. H. G. Dyar. 

Habitat.—Centre Harbour, N. H. 

I have also examined two males and two females from Lahaway, N. 
J., bred by Dr. J. B. Smith, who writes that the larva is very different 
from that of ¢v7serzatus. The adult male is similar to the female except 
that the hairs of the palpi are chiefly whitish, and the dorsum of the 
abdomen has several yellow scales on the apical half. 

Culex nanus, new species.—Female. Near samaicensis, but much 
smaller, the light-coloured scales on the tibize not collected into spots, 
mesonotum without round spots of yellowish scales, etc. Black, the base 
of the antennze except the first joint, a band at middle of proboscis, the 
halteres and bases of femora yellow ; scales and hairs of palpi black, 
appressed scales of occiput golden yellow, the uprizkt ones black, scales 
of mesonotum golden yellow, those of the abdomen black and with a broad 
crossband of whitish ones on the hind margin of each segment, the last 
two segments nearly wholly whitish scaled ; scales of venter white, those 
of femora and tibiz mixed black and whitish, the latter forming a ring near 
three-fourths the length of each femur, scales of tarsi black, those at narrow 
bases of the joints whitish, tarsal claws simple ; wings hyaline, the scales 
mixed black and white, the black ones not collected into spots, lateral 
scales of the anterior veins narrowly lanceolate, those of the other veins 
almost linear ; length, 3 mm Four specimens collected at Key West, 
Florida, in August, tgo1, by Mr. August Busck, and six by Mr. E. A. 
Schwarz, April 1 to 3, 1903. 

Type.— No. 6893, U. S. National Museum. 

Culex discolor, new species.—Female. Differs fiom the above 
description of zamws as follows: palpi with a cluster of white seales at the 
apices, upright scales of occiput yellow, whitish crossbands of abdomen 
prolonged forward in the middle, crossing or almost crossing the segments, 
scales on posterior side of front and middle tibize and on anterior side of 
the hind ones almost wholly pale yellow, first tarsal joint bearing many 
yellow scales, black and yellow scales of wings not evenly distributed, the 


THE CANADIAN EN1LOMOLOGIST, 257 








black ones forming a distinct spot at forking of the second vein with the 
third, another on upper branch of fifth vein at the hind crossvein, and a 
third on the apical third of the last vein, remaining scales of this vein 
wholly yellow; length 4 mm. A specimen from Delair, New Jersey, 
received from Pref. J. B. Smith. 

Type.—No. 6894, U. S. National Museum. 





CORRECTIONS AND NOTES “ON "DR DY AR'S' © Lisi "OF 
NOCTUIDS.—II. 


BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


Page 99. Apatesa. As might have been expected from the incon- 
spicuous markings and uniform gray colour of the moths, the identifications 
of species of Acronycta, described by Walker and Guenée, have proved 
difficult and often contradictory. Iam now inclined to waive all objec- 
tions and accept Dr. Dyar’s list as it stands. The only pvint I make is, 
the difficulty I have in believing that, having identified xp/iniformis, 
Guen., already and originally for Riley, I should have redescribed 
specimens at a later period as pal/idicoma; it seems to me yet possible that 
two forms are here “mixed up,” although I know xydiniformis to be 
inconstant. 

106. Fragilis having been transferred to Apatela, diphteroides 
becomes type of WWicrocoelia. _Guenée writes Diphtera, following 
Ochsenheimer. Hubner originaliy wrote Dphthera, which is 
the correct Greek form. 

107. The generic term should read ‘‘ Cyathissa,” not ‘* Cyathisa.” 

112. This genus should be called A/onodes, Guen., type mucicolora 
(r. nucicolor) ; the type of Olzgia being strigz/is. 

113. Crasia, Auriv., 1891, Staud. and Rebel, 295, is a synonym of 
Hillia, Grote, 1883. According to the European catalogue 77s, 
Zett., is an older name for the variable species. 

121. The genus is *‘ Momaphana,” not ‘* Momophana.” 

120. No. 1267. The name ¢//epida should be preferred, since the 
type of diversilineata had patched wings and the species is 
irrecognizable from this description, and the identification of the 
type uncertain. 

124. As I have shown in these pages, the citation to Psexdanarta of 
Hy. Edwards is spurious. ‘There is no such name ‘in Proc. Cal. 
Acad. Sci., Pac. Coast,’ ep." Nos., 2 to: 22. 


258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





132. Blanda, cited, I believe, wrongly under AZetalepsis, is repeated 
in the right place on page 178 under Psewdog/aea. It should be 
struck out here. 


138. Prof. Smith is responsible for the confusion in the name of this 
common species. Szbgothica of Stephens is = jaculifera, Guen. 
The original sudgothica of Haworth is claimed as British by 
Tutt. In the meantime Slingerland says swbgothica of Haworth is 
tricosa, Lintner. My original determination should not have been 
altered. But whether jacu/ifera, Guen., fricosa, Lintner, and 
herilis, Grote, which I still claim as the correct scientific names for 
the three forms (leaving out Haworth’s variously interpreted name 
entirely, for the sake of clearness and precision) are distinct 
species and not forms of one, seems not definitely known, 


140. The new name Faragrotis is unnecessary. Carneades being 
preoccupied, the genus should be called Pleonectopoda, with the 
type Zewisi, which has in any way priority. In the meantime I 
cannot but believe the genus must be represented in Europe, and 
that some Hiibnerian name will eventually be found for it. Others 
of our American names at expense of Agrotis, Lederer, may be 
found in the same case. 


149. It should be aratrix, not “atratrix.” 


150. From photographs and descriptions, I cannot believe that Prof. 
Smith’s profundus and odscurus are distinct species from our 
eastern Anmytus sculptus. 


154. At length the dispute as to comis is decided in my favour, and 
the type is therefore not “like typical o//vacea, but so spread that 
the insect appears more plump, shorter winged and differently 
marked”! It now appears that after having disposed of my species 
in this manner, Prof. Smith has redescribed the form or species five 
times, thus -affording ample proof of the incorrectness of the 
original statement. Time, as Mr. Strecker used to say, at length 
sets all things even. 


157. Instead of Mewronia (preocc.) it would appear that Zpineuronta, 
Rebel, should be used for No. 1883. 


167. The term Acerra with the type zormadis should be used here 
as being more correct and also earlier published than Stre¢chia, 
described as a notodont, and which I regard as a synonym of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259 





Perigrapha, Led. Iam not agreed with the reference of muricina 
to plustiformis, but | have no material of the former to compare. 

173. For Asteroscopus, Boisd. Brachionycha, Htibn., should be 
used ; see staud: & Rebel) p. 16in, 1. e: 

177. Xanthia. The type is paleacea. According to Staud. & 
Rebel, 207, the species cited as ‘“‘ flavago,” No. 2199, should be 
called Zutea, Strom.; it belongs to Crtrza, Hiibn. From the photo- 
graph pulchella belongs to Orthosia ; this specific name is too often 
used. Puta is same as Orthosia euroa. 


181. Morrison sent me af/ata as ‘““G/ea, n.s.,” Bull. B.S. N.S., 211, 
1875. It was not type of sevzcea which I noted, Bull, Brklyn Ent. 
Soc., 37, 1880, but a spec. of vexustuda so named. But Morrison’s 
original description cannot well apply toa Géea at all, as elsewhere 
shown by me. At any rate venustuda is being called sericea. 

No. 2183. The authority should read Grote, not Grote & Robinson. 

2197. I regard angulata (exprimens) as a distinct species. 

Page 178. It is my fault that Z7/gonophora is here used. The genus 
should be Habryntis, Lederer, 1857. I have a specimen of the 


green /7. sc’ta, which shows an orange-brown tinting, and recalls 
thus more nearly the American species. 


179. For “ Cosmza, Ochs,” read Xanthia, Hiibn. 


No, 2222. I prefer ferruginoides for the species and dicolorago for 
the variety, since this arrangement brings the forms into  corre- 
spondence with the original descriptions. It ought to make no 
difference which stands first on Guenée’s page. The important 
point is, that the name is sustained by the original description, 
which should always be looked up, and is the only basis and 
warrant for the application of the name. 


2354. Arcifera is a dimorphic ? form of Spraguei; a similar varia- 
tion is shown by érevis and atrites. I figure both sexes of 
Sprague with yellow hind wings. I wonder how many times 
more I must repeat this. I have never seen a male arcifera with 
black secondaries. 


2358. I think mortua might stand as an immaculate form of 
Packardii; nobilis merely has the lines more distinct than the 
latter, better written. 


260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





2617. For “ pentia” read penita. 

2650. For “ /ixivia” read dixiva. 

2696. I draw attention to my papers in Can. Ent, Vols. IX. and 
XI. I believe the three forms here cited to be distinct. I refer 
tortricina to Spragueia. Fruva fasciatella and obsoleta appear to 
differ in the structure of the front as well as in ornamentation. 
The Californian acerba is near fasciatella. 1 do not know who 1s 
responsible for the present jumble. If these forms are not kept 
separate they will inevitably be described over again. 





A NEW C&CANTHUS FROM ILLINOIS. 
BY E. S. G, TITUS, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


canthus Forbesi, n. sp.— ¢. General colour pale yellow. Length 
to tip of wings 17 mm.; greatest width across closed wing-covers, 3.5 mm. 
Very slender, elongate in general shape, somewhat resembling Zadbea 
bipunctata (DeG.), but the outline of the closed wing-covers is more 
elongate. 

Face rather more elongate than in other species in the (Ecanthine ; 
maxillary palpi 5-jointed, frst and second short, broadened at tips; third 
slender, elongate, as long as fourth and fifth united ; fourth slightly clavate, 
distinctly constricted at the middle ; 7/t/# shorter than fourth, elliptical, 
elongate, and very dark ; all the joints pubescent ; dabia/ palpi with first 
joint short ; second ¥% longer ; ¢hird slightly longer than second, obliquely 
truncate at tip and very slender at base. Eyes reddish-brown. Antenne 
filiform, almost as long as the body; all the joints except basal two 
alternately equal in length up to 2oth joint (except also the fifth, it being 
slightly elongate), r2—15th joints not elongated. First basal joint with a 
broad longitudinal black stripe on the inner side beneath, and a slight 
trace of a brownish horizontal line near the apex on the outside ; second 
joint with two longitudinal parallel black lines beneath. ‘This joint and 
those following have each at their apex, beneath, a brown line. 

Thorax elongate, narrower anteriorly ; sides deflexed, with their lower 
margins slightly reflexed. Wing-covers flattened, very narrow; wings 1% 
longer than covers. Hind legs long and slender, their tibie armed with 
six pairs of medium spines, all tipped with black. All the tarsi and claws 
black. Abdomen quite dark beneath. 

Male cerci reaching almost to tip of the wings, 

Habitat.—Urbana, Ill., September ; C. H. Hart. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 





This differs from typical Gicanthus by not having maxillary palpi 
with last three joints elongate, subequal, and last joint excavated at tip 
beneath; from Zadea by not having fifth joint of maxillary palpi longer than 
third and fourth very short. It can easily be separated by the antennal 
characters noticed above from other species in the subfamily (@. 
argentinus and @. californicus not seen.) 

In all other species examined there were several joints between the 
second and twentieth of the antenne that were much elongated. 

This species was first noticed by the author when classifying the 
species of Gicanthine in the Ill. State Laboratory of Nat. History, for the 
purpose of making some food studies in the group. It is described at the 
request of the Director of the Laboratory, Dr. 5. H. Forbes, in whose 
honour I have named the species. 





NOTES ON CULEX KELLOGGII, THEOBALD. 
BY D. W COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


In the Canapian Entomococist for August, Mr. Theobald described 
a Culex Kelloggii as new; the description agrees well with the specimens 
on which I founded Culex tarsalis*, and undoubtedly refers to the same 
species. 

My specimens were from the same lot as the one which Dr. Williston 
described as Cu/ex, n. sp.t, to which description Lieut. Giles applied the 
name of Culex Willistoni, n. sp.t; the latter name is therefore also a 
synonym of tarsadis. 

On page 25 of the Kansas University Science Bulletin, June, 1903, 
Mr. C. F, Adams described a Culex affinis, n. sp. (not of Stephens, 1825), 
which is evidently founded on a somewhat abraded specimen of ¢arsa/is. 

The synonymy at present is therefore as follows : 

CULEX TARSALIS, Coquillett, 1896. 

Culex, n. sp., Williston, 1893. 

Culex Willistoni, Giles, 1900. 

Culex affinis, Adams, June, 1903. 

Culex Kelloggii, Vheobald, August, 1903. 








*Can. Ent., Feb., 1896, p. 43. 
+North American Fauna, No. 7, May 31, 1893, p. 253. 
tHandbook of Gnats or Mosquitoes, 1900, p. 281. 


262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








EUTHRIPS AND HEDYCHRIDIUM IN NEW MEXICO. 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. MEX. 
THRIPID&. 

Euthrips tritici (Fitch.).—At Las Vegas, Hot Springs, N. M., on 
May 17, 1903, I found Ades cereum, Dougl., presenting numerous flower- 
galls of rather pumpkin-like form and greenish-white colour, about 9 mm. 
long and 8 broad. These consisted of the swollen and deformed flowers, 
the walls of the calyx being thickened and greatly inflated. I rather 
expected to find in them dipterous larve, but they contained nothing but 
thrips, which, I am sure, is responsible for the damage. After careful 
comparison with the published accounts, and especially that of Mr. W. E. 
Hinds, I am quite unabie to separate the thrips from the well-known 
Luthrips tritici. 

CHRYSIDID&. 

Hedychridium amabile, sp. n.—Length about 3 millim., shining green 
and crimson. Head yellowish-green, the vertex crimson, shading into 
yellow ; antennz black ; thorax green, the pro- and mesothorax mostly 
crimson dorsally, the crimson shading into golden at the sides ; scutellum 
suffused with the same colours ; sides of post-scutellum, and hind corners 
and narrow hind border of prothorax, more or less brilliant blue ; abdomen 
yellowish-green shot with crimson. Ocelii in a not far from equilateral 
triangle ; prothorax and mesothorax, seen from above, about equal in 
length ; prothorax with large, close subconfluent punctures ; mesothorax 
with well-separated punctures of various sizes ; triangular area at base of 
metathorax with no median ridge, the area is minutely transversely ridged, 
except at the lateral corners, where the ridges run obliquely ; sides of 
metathorax irregularly cancellate ; abdomen very closely punctured, third 
segment without any fovea or peculiarity of sculpture ; legs dark, basal 
half of tarsi light reddish. When the abdomen is viewed laterally, the 
apex of the second segment is level with the base of the third. 

Hab.—Mesilla Park, N. M., on campus of Agricultural College, May 
8, 1900. (Cockere//). A lovely little species, known from others by its 
metathoracic sculpture. 

I will take this opportunity to record C&hrysis inflata, Aaron (det. 
du Buysson), from the Wiegand Ranch, near Las Vegas, N. M., March 1. 
With this the recorded New Mexico Chrysidide now number 19 species. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263 





TWO NEW PTINIDA. 
BY C. SCHAEFFER, MUSEUM OF THE BROOKLYN INST. OF ARTS AND 
SCIENCES. 

A number of new species, either entirely new or known only from 
Mexico or Central America, have been brought back by me from the 
lower Rio Grande. The description of these new species, together with a 
list of the species known to occur in that region, will be published by me 
in the Bulletin of the Museum of the Brooklyn Inst. of Arts and Sciences. 
The two following species are here described in advance, in order that 
they may be included in the revision of the Ptinidz on which Prof. Fall 
is at work. 

The types are in the collection of the Museum of the Brooklyn 
Institute of Arts in Sciences. 

Trichodesma Texana, n. sp.—Cylindrical oblong, form of sordida, 
black, twice as long as wide, with white and fulvous recumbent pubescence, 
intermixed with longer erect hairs. Antenne brown, last three joints 
longer than the preceding. Head black, densely granulated, pubescence 
white, intermixed with fulvous. Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate 
in front, sinuately narrowing to the hind angles, disc gibbous, hardly 
sulcate at the gibbosity, surface granulate and densely clothed with white 
and fulvous short recumbent hairs, intermixed with longer erect hairs, 
gibbosity with four black spots, two at the summit and two below these, 
no brush-like tufts. Elytra as broad as the thorax at middle, regularly 
striate, with coarse, deep, closely-placed punctures, very densely clothed 
with white recumbent pubescence, reaching nearly to the apex, terminated 
by a few black spots; apex sparsely clothed with fulvous pubescence. 
Body beneath black, shining, with dense gray pubescence. 

Length, 4-5 mm. 

Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex. 

This species seems to be very near Z: a/bina, Gorh,*, but, judging 
from the description and figure, is distinct from it. All the specimens I 
have taken are quite constant, except in the distinctness of the hind angles. 
These are in some specimens distinct, and the sinuation before them is 
very pronounced, in others the angles can be called rounded, in these the 
sinuation is much less pronounced. 








“Biol. Central. Americana, Vol. III., part 2, p. 199. 


264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Trichodesma pulchella, n. sp.—Oblong, slightly more robust than 
gibbosa, black, with very short brown recumbent pubescence, intermixed 
with longer erect hairs, sides of thorax, base of elytra, a narrow strongly 
dentate median band and apex witha denser white pubescence. Antennz 
brownish, last three joints as long as the preceding. Head _ black, 
with not densely-placed granules, clothed with white pubescence, denser 
at apex. Thorax broader than long, sides arcuate in front, slightly to the 
hind angles, which are almost rounded, disc gibbous behind, slightly 
sulcate from the apical margin to the summit of gibbosity, surface 
distinctly granulate, clothed with dense, very short hairs, white at sides 
and apex, light brown at middle, without brush-like tufts at gibbosity. 
Elytra as wide as the thorax at middle, surface with irregular, closely- 
placed, coarse, deep punctures, clothed with very fine, short recumbent 
brownish hairs, a band at base, a narrow, sharply dentate median fascia 
and apex of dense white pubescence. Between the median fascia and the 
white apical space near the suture is a white longitudinal streak on each 
elytron, reaching to the apical space and terminated by a black spot. At 
the apex of the white basal band is also a black spot on each side. Body 
beneath black, shining, densely pubescent, with short, fine gray hairs. 

Length, 5.5-7 mm. 

Esperanza Ranch, near Brownsville, Tex. 

A number of this beautiful species I obtained by beating ebony, but 
it occurred on different other trees also, but rarely. A few specimens of 
a species which I take to be Z: sordida, Horn, were taken at the same 


place. 





CULEX CONSOBRINUS: A REJOINDER. 
BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. 

In the August number of this journal, Mr. Coquillett has given his 
reasons for not accepting Cu/ex inornatus as the proper name for the 
species which he has called C. consobrinus. He bases his claim for the 
name convsobrinus on a supposed error of Desvoidy’s in the indentifica- 
tion of pzpzens, relying on the length mentioned, 3 lines, as proof that 
Desvoidy’s species could not have been the real pzpiens. My own article 
on the subject, in the July number, had intimated that Desvoidy had 
erred in the measurement given. Since then J find that Theobald (Mon. 
Culicide. II.; 135) gives 6 mm. as the maximum length of AcAcens ; this, 
of course, is equivalent to Desvoidy’s 3 lines. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265 





The locality given by Desvoidy, ‘‘ Pennsylvania,” is not of great 
significance, as 1t was not uncommon for the older entomologists to assign 
this locality to material received from Philadelphia, even if not collected 
near there. It is Osten Sacken, I think, who in one place instances a 
species published with the locality Philadelphia, which has not since been 
taken except in Texas. 

Considering the facts brought outin this discussion, it is clear that 
nobody knows, or can know, what consobrinus is. | Whether a sufficient 
probability has been adduced to justify the use of the name, is a question 
upon which entomologists may differ ; as before, I think the name should 
not be used. A much larger problem is involved here than the name ofa 
single species. The use of old names which are of more or less Coubtful 
application has been overdone in the Diptera in recent years, in my 
opinion. The idea that we must “ do something” with all the old names 
seems to me unscientific. Rather we shouid try to follow the rule of not 
using a name unless we know that it stands for something. The difficulty 
of harmonizing the practice of entomologists arises from the fact that there 
is no definite criterion in most cases, and the decision rests on the “ ento- 
mological sense” of the person making it ; what is convincing to one will 
not be to another. 

I have not the slightest interest in saving the name éxornatus from 
Synonymy, except from the fact that it is the only name which is 
positively known to apply to the species under consideration. I doubt 
if the species could be recognized from the description ; but in this 
case we have the type in the U.S. National Museum, examined by Mr. 
Coquillett and found to be this species. 

I have in my previous article explained why cmpatiens and pinguis 
cannot be used for this species. Mr. Coquillett seems to argue that 
either name is available unless somebody can disprove it ;- my position is 
that affirmative proof is necessary. 





Miss Auice L. Empteron, of Newnhain College, Cambridge, Eng- 
Jand, has been awarded the Royal Society’s Mackinnon Studentship in 
Biology, the object of which is to encourage scientific research in any 
department in this great field of natural science. She has decided 
to confine her investigations to the parasites of destructive insects, 
in the hope that she may be rewarded with discoveries of great 
economic importance by finding natural enemies of greater efficiency 
than any artificial insecticides. It is much to be hoped that she 
may prove a worthy successor of the late Miss Eleanor Ormerod. 


266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





BOOK; NOTICE. 

A CATALOGUE OF THE COCCIDZ OF THE WorRLD.—By Mrs. Maria E. 
Fernald, A.M., Amherst, Mass. Special Bulletin (No. 88) of the 
Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, 
1903. One Vol., 8vo., pp. 360. 

The authoress gives us in this volume a most valuable and complete 
catalogue of the Coccidz of the World, the results of nearly twenty-five 
years of patient and careful labour. No one who has not attempted work 
of this kind can form any idea of the difficulties of the task, the immense 
number of publications to be gone over, the care and accuracy that are 
required and the systematic methods that must be adopted, and conse- 
quently few estimate as highly as they should the gratitude that is due 
to one who spends years of toil in making the way easy for all future 
students in the particular department of natural science that is 
taken up, The classification of the Coccide has long been in a 
somewhat chaotic condition; the present work will help very 
materially in reducing the confusion and bringing out order and 
system instead. Mrs. Fernald does not expect entire agree- 
ment with her conclusions, but we venture to think that few will 
endeavour to criticise her work, inasmuch as it has been done with such 
care and freedom from prejudice. In every case where changes in no- 
menclature are made the history of the genus or species is given by means 
of the full bibliographical references, and the evidence seems complete. 
No less than 1514 species are listed, and of each one bibliographical 
references are given, with the geographical distribution and food-plants 
when known. ‘The volume is well and clearly printed, and its value is 
much enhanced by the very fullindex to species as well as genera with 
which it closes. 





A COLEOPTEROUS CONUNDRUM.—There has been so great a desire to 
obtain specimens of the remarkable beetle described by Mrs. Slosson in the 
May number of this magazine, that she 1s compelled to say that she has 
only a few examples left and is unable to give away any more. 

Dr. Dyar, in his zeal for the laws of priority, contends that the 
name jocularly given to the insect by Mrs. Slosson (Lenotus enigmaticus) 
should be taken as founding a new genus and a new species. This 
seems absurd, when there was no attempt made to give a_ scientific 
description of the creature, and the authoress says expressly that she 
merely applied the name ‘‘sometimes. in chat over her discovery !’” 


Mailed September 4th, 1903. 


The # anadlian ¥ontomologist 


VoL. XXXV. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1903. No. 10 











ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. 

The fortieth annual meeting of the Society was held at Ottawa on 
the 3rd and 4th of September. QOn the former day a meeting of the 
Council for the transaction of business was held in the morning; in the 
afternoon reports were read from the various Branches, Sections and 
Officers of the Society, as well as several papers of an interesting character. 
In the evening a public meeting was held in the Assembly Hall of the 
Normal School, at which the President, Professor Lochhead, read _ his 
annual address. He was followed by Dr. L. O. Howard, of Washington, 
United States Entomologist, who gave a very clear and most interesting 
account of the transmission of yellow fever by mosquitoes. The second 
day was occupied with the reading and discussion of papers, the election 
of officers and the examination of a number of specimens brought by the 
members. A full account of the proceedings will be given in the Annual 
Report of the Society to the Legislature of Ontario. 





The following were elected officers for the ensuing year : 

Prestdent—Professor William Lochhead, B. A., M. S., Ontario 
Agricultural College, Guelph. 

Vice-President—]. D. Evans, C. E., Trenton. 

Secretary —W. E. Saunders, London. 

Treasurer—J. A. Balkwill, London. 

Directors: Division No. 1—C. H. Young, Hurdman’s Bridge. 

Division No. 2—C. E. Grant, Orillia. 

Division No. 3—J. B. Williams, Toronto. 
Division No. 4-—-G. E. Fisher, Freeman. 
Division No. 5—R. W. Rennie, London. 

Directors Ex-officio (ex-Presidents of the Society)—Professor William 
Saunders, LL.D., F.L.S., F.R.S.C., Director of the Experimental Farms, 
Ottawa ; Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., London ; James 
Fletcher, LL.D., F.L.S., F.R.S.C., Entomologist and Botanist of the 


268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





Experimental Farms, Ottawa; W. H. Harrington, F.R.S.C., Ottawa ; 
John Dearness, B.A., Vice-Principal Normal School, London ; Henry H. 
Lyman, M.A., F.R.G.S., F.EiS., Montreal: Rev. T. W. Fyles, 1).C.L., 
F.L.S., South Quebec. 

Librarian and Curator—J. Alston Moffat, London. 

Auditors—W. H. Hamilton and S. B. McCready, London. 

Editor of the Canadian Entomologist—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London. 

Editing Committee — Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, 
Montreal ; J. D. Evans, Trenton; W. H. Harrington, Ottawa; Professor 
Lochhead, Guelph. _ 

Delegate to the Royal Society—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London, 

Delegates to the Western Fair—-J. A. Balkwill and W. E. Saunders, 
London. 

finance Committee— Dr. Bethune, J. Dearness and the Treasurer. 

Committee on Field Days—The Chairmen of the Sections and Dr. 
Woolverton, Messrs. Balkwill, Bowman, Law, Moffat, Rennie and 
Saunders, London. 

Library and Rooms Committee—Messrs. Balkwill, Bethune, Bow- 
man, Dearness, Moffat and Saunders, London. 





A NEW BOMBUS FROM COSTA RICA. 


BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR., AND MYRON H. SWENK, 
LINCOLN, NEBR. 

Bombus leucomelas, n. sp.— 2. Black, with deep black pubescence, 
except that on anterior half of mesothorax, which is grayish, tipped with 
black, and on abdominal segments 3-6, which is pure white ; clypeus 
arched, weakly and very sparsely punctured ; labrum basally with two 
widely separated tubercles ; joint 1 of flagellum equal to 2 and 3 together; 
wings deeply infuscated, iridescent ; basal joint of hind tarsi not pointed 
at apex ; pubescence of legs black. Length 21-22 mm. 

2. Similar to 9, but much smaller, the third abdominal segment with 
black pubescence, the clypeus more strongly punctured. Length, ro-14 
mm. {¢. Unknown. 

One @, Cartago, June, 1903; one 2, Volcano Irazu, February 22, 
1902 ; four 29, Monte Redonda, March 3, 1902. 

Near to B. funebris, Sm., from which it differs in its larger size, the 
pubescence of the mesothorax not snow-white on the disc, and the third 
abdominal segment not black. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269 





NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ISODONTIA, 
PATTON, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW 
SPECIES AND VARIETY. 


BY H. T. FERNALD, PH. D., AMHERST, MASS. 


The North American species of Isodontia may be distinguished by 
means of the following table : 


1. Mandible with two teeth (anterior tooth sometimes partly divided) ..2 


Macible with cthree teeth 25/9) cota ppante sale sonny eviae owen. ie tert eat ye 
2. Petiole black . PSA eS is Ree Aa a a 
Petiole low. efenw2 Laas tor aa .exornata, n. sp. 
3. Third segment ce antenna geen rian esenhh or ciate Agere ae 
Third segment of antenna shorter than seventh or eighth ..........5. 

4. Median segment above with long white 
hairs. os . 1... macrocephala, var. cinerea, N. var, 
Median se audent ove one (eae white hairs .. .macrocephala, Fox. 
ReOGy MAMBVOTAY :(-.. gate cm hee Seeenees saan lene eects qece Wena van tO 
Body hairs black). 0 Ue fee Os ow ee: 2 Saetera, Sauss.,, var 
6:4 Frontgpart.of- wings fuscous. 2)... 96 aie eles i eo. @2FECd; SAUSS. 
Wings entirely fuscous....... Pd eS eons Po @RLELE Se GAUSS 3 Wake 
as Ser ae ee TEE EOF Non ONT Tea CURT La ee ORR cE 
Legs black. (ok ONE sree NN eat ark cuapiee: sees ee CE DUCULER COU 
8. Abdomen black: aoe Sd Peal aN wa sik si sicie Se et met POLCEEL OS IE I 
Abdomen more or ries pallowickes? PSN outs < bie eR at eg COREA SAN: 


I am hardly prepared at present to accept Zsodontia elegans, Smith, 
as a variety of 7. afica/is, Smith. The differences between the two seem 
to be very constant, and their distribution appears to be somewhat differ- 
ent, elegans being more a southern and western form, while  apicalis occurs 
chiefly in the central, eastern and northern States. 


Patton (Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., III., p. 46) regards macrocephad/a, 
Fox, as a synonym of azteca, Sauss. With this I am unable to agree, all 
the specimens of a large series of both of these species before me being 
distinguishable almost at a glance, The type specimen of macrocephala 
has the anterior tooth of the mandible with a groove dividing it into two 
portions, which leads me to believe that in this insect the mandible was 
originally three-toothed, but that the anterior two have partially fused. 
All my specimens of az¢eca, on the other hand, indicate an originally two- 
toothed mandible, and though the anterior tooth is blunt in many cases, it 


270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








shows no trace of any longitudinal groove, such as is present in the type 
of macrocephala. However, the length of the third segment of the 
antenna as compared with that of the seventh or eighth in the two species 
should be sufficient to show that the two are not identical in any case. 

Lsodontia apicalis, Smith, has sometimes been considered as a 
synonym of Sphex philadelphica, Lep., but I regard this as based on 
insufficient evidence. Lepeletier’s description gives no characters which 
would place it in the more recent genus JZsodontia, and in two points 
differs from what has been commonly considered that species. Lepeletier 
says (Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Hymenopteres, III., p. 340): 
‘ Thorax niger, nigro villosus,” and ‘‘tarsorum quatuor anticorum articulo 
extremeo ferrugineo.” None of the many specimens of what has been 
considered this insect which I have examined agree in these points with 
this description. An attempt to locate the type in order to settle the 
matter has proved a failure. ‘The insect was in the Serville collection, and 
this is not at the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle at Paris, and Monsieur R. 
du Buysson writes me: “Ils ont di étre vendus et séparés dans beaucoup 
d’autres collections. Actuellement l’on ignore ofi ils se trouvent.” I may 
add that Dr. F. Fr. Kohl, of Vienna, who has given much study to this 
group, writes me: ‘“ Wahrscheinlich ist Sph. philadelphicus Lepeletiers 
gar keine \sodontia.” 

Under these conditions it seems best to apply Smith’s name— 
apica/is—to this insect, at least until Lepeletier’s type shall be found. 


[sodontia exornata, Nn sp. 

Head: clypeus somewhat arched laterally, with a faint median carina 
most pronounced posteriorly, sometimes not perceptible ; anterior edge 
slightly prolonged laterally, with a slight notch at the middle; surface 
covered sparsely with yellow hairs. Clypeus and frons to level of inser- 
tion of antennz golden pubescent. Mandibles two-toothed, black at base 
and tip; elsewhere ferruginous. Eyes somewhat nearer at the clypeus 
than at the vertex. Antenne, first six to eight segments ferruginous, 
terminal segments black; scape bearing a few yellowish hairs ; third 
segment longest. Head with scattered punctures and sparsely covered 
with long yellowish hairs. A narrow, yellow pubescent band just behind 
the eye. 

Thorax: collar faintly punctured, clothed with scattered yellow 
hairs ; its dorsal edge and the posterior edge of the prothoracic lobe 
golden pubescent. Mesonotum black with yellow hairs, rather coarsely 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PA 





punctured and with a short median, unpunctured groove extending about 
one-third its length from its anterior edge. A small, somewhat triangular 
spot of golden pubescence is situated on the pleuron just posterior to the 
prothoracic lobe, and sometimes a smaller one occurs between this and 
the wing attachment. Tegule smooth, pale yellow. Mesopleura and 
sternum covered sparingly with long yellow hairs. Scutellum_ black, 
punctured, the punctures rather more scattered than on the mesonotum ; 
on each side just mesad to the attachment of the hind wings is a golden 
pubescent spot. Postscutellum covered by golden pubescence. Median 
segment coarsely punctured, on each side a golden pubescent band passes 
from the front edge just lateral to the edge of the pubescence on the post- 
scutellum backward below the stigma to the posterior coxa, Just above 
the base of the petiole is a golden pubescent spot. 


Abdomen: petiole slightly curved, ferruginous yellow, somewhat 
darker at the base beneath, covered with yellowish hairs; its posterior 
portion yellowish pubescent. ase of abdomen above, yellowish, remain- 
der black, the hinder edges of the segments, however, dull yellowish ; 
surface finely pale pubescent. A few hairs scattered over the more 
posterior segments. Beneath, minutely punctured, with scattered hairs in 
the female, in the male with a cross row of black hairs on each of the last 
three or four segments. Legs: coxe, trochanters and proximal part of 
femora black, hairy, remainder ferruginous. Sometimes a yellowish 
pubescence is present on the coxe and trochanters. ‘Tips of claws nearly 
black. Spines dark ferruginous, Posterior tibie yellow pubescent 
behind. Wings smoky, with a slight violet reflection. 

Length, 16-20 mm. Wing expanse. about 30 mm, 

Described from five male and two female specimens from Indian 
River and Biscayne Bay, Fla., and from N. C.and Ga. Types have been 
deposited: in the collections of the National Museum at Washington. 
American Entomological Society at Philadelphia, Massachusetts Agricul- 
tural College, Amherst, Mass., and of Mr. W. H. Ashmead, Washington, 
Dee. 


Lsodontia macrocephala, var. cinerea, n. var. 

This variety differs from the typical form only in the fact that the 
thoracic hairs are longer and whiter, giving the insect a noticeably gray 
appearance very different from that of the typical form, which is glossy 
black, the few gray hairs not modifying this, and, in fact, being generally 
overlooked unless the body is closely examined. 


bo 
~J 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





KUCORETHRA, A GENUS OF CULICIDZ:. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Eucorethra, Underwood.* 

Intermediate between Corethrella and Sayomyia, having the antenne 
14-jointed, as in the former, but the spaces between the verticels almost 
bare, as in the latter; differing from each in the much shorter second joint 
of the antennz, which ts only slightly longer than wide. Antennz of male 
rather robust, submoniliform on the basal half, the first six joints only 
slightly longer than wide, the remaining joints increasing in length and 
decreasing in diameter toward the apex, the antepenult about half as 
long as the penult, verticels composed of numerous very long bristly hairs 
except on the last joint ; antenne of female nearly cylindrical, the joints 
gradually increasing in length to the apex, scarcely thickened at the inser- 
tion of the verticels, which consist of a few rather short bristly hairs ; 
proboscis about one and one-half times as long as height of head, palpi 
inserted near three-fourths of its length, 4-jointed ; first tarsal joint much 
longer than the second ; venation as in Culex. Type, the following 
species : 

Eucorethra Underwoodi, Underwood. 

Black, the bases of antenne, of wings, stems of halteres, coxe, 
femora except their broad apices, and the tibiz, yellow; thorax gray 
pruinose and marked with three velvet black vitte, the median one 
extending from the front end to slightly beyond the middle, and divided 
lengthwise by a gray line, the lateral ones reaching from the hind end of 
the mesonotum nearly to the suture ; abdomen somewhat polished, its 
hairs yellow ; hairs of legs chiefly black, those at apices of femora and 
tibize golden yellow, tarsal claws of female with a single tooth near the 
base, those of the male with an additional tooth near the middle ; wings 
hyaline, a large brown cloud on veins at apices of first and second basal 
cells, at base of second vein, of first submarginal and second posterior 
cell, hairs of veins black, small and hind crossveins interstitial, peticle of 
first submarginal cell three-fourths as long as that cell, petiole of second 
posterior cell noticeably longer than the cell; length, 8mm. A specimen 
of each sex bred at Kaslo, British Columbia, June 23 and July 8, by Dr. 
H. G. Dyar. Type, No. 6925, U.S. National Museum. 

I have also studied a female specimen bred March 1, by Prof. W. L. 
Underwood, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, after whom the 
species is named, in recognition of his first discovery of this interesting 
form. Prof. Underwood’s specimens were obtained in the woods of 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2te 





THE LIFE-HISTORY OF MAMESTRA LAUDABILIS, GUENEE. 


BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


The eggs of this species were received from the Rev. R. W. Ander- 
son, of Wando, North Carolina. They hatched May 22, and the larve 
were matured by the middle of July. The larve are coloured to resemble 
a piece of wood or bark, and remain all day motionless, hidden on the 
ground. They are remarkably sluggish, can be handied freely for a con- 
siderable time without making the slightest motion. They are general 
feeders. 


L£gg.—Shape of two-thirds of a sphere, somewhat flattened. About 
24 sharp, vertical ribs, diminishing in number by alternation towards 
vertex, waved, joined in a ring around the micropyle ; cross striz distinct, 
about like the ribs, forming a large, coarse reticulum. Whitish, with a 
broad, irregular dark-red ring and vertical spot, partly confluent. 
Diameter .6 mm. 


Stage /.—Head slightly bilobed, shining brownish black, mouth 
broadly pale luteous, jaws red-brown; width about .3 mm. Body robust, 
short and stout, normal, joints 5 to 7 slightly arched, feet of 7 and 8 
shorter than the others, but distinct. Pale whitish, tubercles small, black, 
but strongly raised. Sete long, pale and distinct. Cervical shield black, 
angularly shaped, containing four ‘raised pale tubercles. Later the 
cervical shield and tubercles are black except a lateral pale patch; anal 
plate defined by black ; leg shields faintly dusky. Still later there appear 
narrow dorsal and subdorsal white lines. 


Stage [Z.—Head rounded, apex in joint 2, shining brownish black, 
mouth paler; width about .5 mm. Body robust, equal, normal, joint 12 
not enlarged; shields not differentiated. Olivaceous gray, paler in 
curved bands in the incisures ; a faint, pale, subdorsal line edged below 
with blackish; stigmatal band broad, whitish. Tubercles black, 
moderate ; sete stiff, long, dark, curved backwards. Later brownish- 
gray, the dorsum checkered with blackish X-marks intersegmentally. 


Stage [7/.—Head pale brown on face, vertex broadly sooty black 
with a bar running down a little way on each lobe before ; width about .7 
mm. Body robust, joint 12 not enlarged. Wood-brown, dorsal line 
white, narrow, subobsolete, dorsal space tessellated with intersegmental 


274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





X-marks of grayish-black, more solidly filled on thorax. Subdorsal line 
white, straight, distinct, filled in below with black to a waved, narrow, 
white, lateral line. Subventer gray shaded. ‘Tubercles black, not raised ; 
setze coarse, pale. 


Stage [V.—Head brown, obscurely mottled, a broad, curved, black 
band on face of lobe and spot on eye; width 1 mm. Body flattened, 
sluggish in habit, seta stiff, curving alternately forwards and backwards ; 
no shields ; joint 12 not enlarged. Pale wood-brown, the dorsal smoky 
lattice-work obscurely cut by faint, pale, broken dorsal line. Subdorsal 
line concolorous with the ground, narrowly edged with blackish above. 
Sides black shaded ; stigmatal region broadly pale; subventer and venter 
black shaded. ‘Tubercles small, black. Skin granular spinulose. 


Stage V.—Head pale brown, the clypeus and vertex darker ; 
reticulations and curved band dull black; width 1.8 mm. Body flattened, 
squarish, densely papillose granular; setae short, thick, broadly clavate ; 
joints 12 and 13 dorsally folded, elevated. Light brown, broxenly 
reticulated in black, dorsal diamond-shaped lattice dark brown ; 
subdorsal line straight, pale, of the ground colour, edged with black, 
forming triangular, segmentary velvety patches on a gray-black ground 
laterally. Substigmatal band of ground colour, broad, sharply edged, 
undulate ; subventer. blackish shaded. Feet pale. Tubercles small, 
black. 

Stage V7.—Head slightly bilobed, rounded, apex in joint 2; wood- 
brown, mottled with black and reticulate, with curved vertical bands ; 
width 2,3 mm. _ Body flattened, thorax depressed, subventral region 
prominent, joint 12 with distinct folds at tubercle ii, and 13 at tubercle 
i., rigid, resembling a broken piece of wood. Ground colour yellowish 
wood-brown, black dotted reticulate, papillose granular. Dorsal pale line 
edged by small black segmental lines, being the remains of the obsolete 
dorsal lattice marking. Joint 12 posteriorly shaded with black, behind 
the folded hump of tubercle ii. Subdorsal line pale, narrow, narrowly 
edged with black above, below with trigonate black lateral patches and 
traces of a lateral line; substigmatal band broad, whitish, waved, dotted with 
blackish. Subventer and venter gray -black, pulverulently shaded. 
Thoracic feet black-ringed, abdominal ones gray dotted. ‘Tubercles 
small, black, iv. above the centre of the spiracle. Setze short, stout, 
broadly swollen at tip, compressed, dentate, somewhat like scales, pale 
brown. Spiracles black. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 





LEPIDOPTERA IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. 

Successful collections of Lepidoptera were made in British Columbia 
this season at Kaslo by myself, with the assistance of Mr. Caudell and 
Mr. Currie, and under the advice of Mr. J. W. Cockle. Over 20,300 
specimens rewarded our efforts. Of these a large part are Noctuide, 
collected at sugar, showing some very fine series. Nearly 200 larvee were 
observed. The material will be worked up at the U.S. National Museum. 
The National collection has been further enriched by the donation of 548 
specimens from Messrs. Taylor, Bryant, Hanham, Bush and Harvey, whom 
I had the pleasure of meeting at the close of the collecting season. 

Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C. 





THE GENUS PLATYLABUS, WESMAEL, WITH ~ DES@RIP- 
TIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. 


BY J. CHESTER BRADLEY, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 


The table which I here present of the genus /Vlaty/abus must be 
considered merely as a preliminary or working table of the species in the 
collection of the American Entomological Society, or in my own cabinet. 
The other species, known to me only by description, I have included for 
the sake of convenience, and have placed a star before their names. I 
cannot vouch for the correctness of these. 


P. thoracicus, Cresson, including Phygadeuon impressus of 
Provancher, which Cresson placed as a synonym of the former, var. 
erythropygus, Prov., of thoracicus, and P. guadricarinatus, Provancher, I 
have omitted, as the metathoracic spiracles are nearly or quite circular, 
placing them in the tribe Pheogenini, and probably in either the genus 
Apeleticus, Wesmael, or Herpestomus, Wesmael. As Ihave not seen 
specimens of 4pe/eticus, | cannot be sure that they belong to it, but from 
the descriptions it would seem probable, and it is there that I would 
provisionally transfer them. 


Mr. G. @. Davis, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1894, p. 185, from 
examination of Provancher’s types, finds the following synonymy : 


crassicornis = Phygadeuon. 
mitralis = Phygadeuon. 
aciculatus = Phygadeuon. 
cincticornis = Cryptus, 


_ 


276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





The genus is placed by Mr. Ashmead in the Ichneumonini, and has 
the basal third of the petiole flattened, wider than thick dorso-ventrally, 
and the scutellum margined to beyond the middle. 


ed 


ind aes 


oe Q 


(SU) 
oo 


q 
jel — 
OS i) 


Les une 
EXPLANATION OF FIG. 13. 
1. Areola on metathorax of P. clarus. 


oe os “¢ 


Ny 


metallicus. 
ss a a * CONSOLS. 
Canadensis. 
. montanus. — 
Luzernensis. 
. signatus. 
. ornatus. 


. lineolatus. 
Californicus. 


~ 


OO WI ANE Y 
Seu cws wa USO Uae 


{THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Den 





lack eon HitOUss OR DOUDD a AmmeEee tar. <.. te Recker eee ee is nea cous oR 
Metallic blue ; species igneee antennee a female faneied before 
the apex; joints of monened portion, broader than long ; 
metathoracic spines very prominent. 
Areolet on metathorax subhexagonal (fig. 13,1); apical line not angled; 
scutellum of 2 white ; antenne of ¢ without white 


ATNNUUINS eas eta fa 025) «25 Sh n “anne PERRY LUMENS Sg ey to CLEARS We rescone 
Areolet on area taped as in fee 25 scutellum: of © black: 
antennz of ¢ with white annulus............METALLICUS, n. sp. 
PUTO TAR alee get cals sac ltaiese. sxe 4 tpahe ta Oey ERE ae a 
itioraxsmerc:on less crUufOUS. 9)... 04.» so) «si. oe ees, eee et een 


Abdomen more or less rufous. 

Abdomen entirely black, antennz with pale annulus ; spot on 
scutellum white. Boos ei edal ah chal porns atid pate res: sok «ee 

Metathorax with arent woheheat dinning in centre; legs red, apex 
femora, tibiz and tarsi black. Length 5 mm. Prov. Quebec, 
Canada. eis eae .+.... *RUBRICAPENSIS, Provancher. 

Metathorax arith niediaii aa two “atetal apical areas transversely 
reticulate ; superior area glabrous; tergum of petiole polished ; 
postpetiole shagreened ; legs clear, ferruginous, with apex of hind 


tibize and tarsi black. Lengthgmm. Idaho....*incaBus, Davis. 
second segment only of abdomemired .3..0 745 sceoeian 2) oeateue ys 
More’ than second segment of abdomen red. ./).).0ck).. 02 2524-68. Se 


Wings hyaline ; anterior orbits enlarged below ; antenne with white 
annulus, third joint very short and red; metathorax finely 
punctured, pubescent, caring: not prominent ; legs black, the four 
anterior red in front ; posterior femora red at base, and a more or 
less distinct red ring at base of posterior tibiz ; petiole polished, 
long ; abdomen with white spot at its extremity ; second and base 
of third segment stained red. Length 


7 Tm", er ae pees sy aie ees SCULELEATUS Pravanchelr 
Autetidles tate nale senna ARO, ara etek nalae 
Antenne without pale arinlite. S SCticellum WelacCKiantasaceee- 6.2 5 Om 
Reticle acic ulated.) ve. ann een ee Uae evant BE oles IO. 


Petiole polished ; abdomen entirely rufous (in one specimen darker) ; 
face white, with median black band; metathoracic spines and 
caring but slightly marked ; discocubital nervure with a more or 
less distinct stump ofavein, 2.......... ...CONSORS, Cresson. 


278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





to. Antenne black, slightly thickened beyond the middle; abdomen 
polished ; 2 dorsal carinze of petiole not reaching apex ; carine on 
metathorax indistinct, angles subspinose; legs rufous ; coxz and 
trochanters black ; abdomen red. Length 
Ooms. dene cs se eid ald ee Meee ok PACKRICUS mad aniing Lome 


Antenne red, in ¢g black at apex, much thickened at apex ; 
metathorax with distinct carine ; face finely punctate ; petiole large 
at apex. Length 5 mm... .0::2. 4... “RUFICORNIS, Provancner, 


12. Petiole broad at apex ; scutellum entirely white ; generally no white 
between eyes and mandibles, but a white line between antennee and 
eyes, between pro- and mesothorax, and between pleura and 
WOFSUMT LOL MNESOEIOLAK eo: ass) lets n ets s essay nel oe ere Seen 


Petiole slender, narrow at apex, not very rough, black; apex red; 
following 3 joints abdomen red; no white on thorax or face, except 
between the eyes and the mandibles and the apex of scutellum; 
flagellum rufous at base. Length of antenne g mm., of insect 
BM cre cs SARE AG. sila bes Guawyere, so a oo ee ates AC AINA DN STS yu mens Glas 


14. Dorsum of 3 basal abdominal segments piceous, rest of abdomen 
rufous ; face, mouth-parts, broad orbital lines, cheeks, neck, stripes 
on mesonotum, most of pleura and sternum, large spot on meta- 
pleura, apical spot on metathorax (but black in centre), petiole, 
broad margin of remaining segments and parts of legs white ; 
carine on metathorax prominent, spines long; petiole scabrous, 
with two distinct carine. Length 8 mm...... ». 0 BOI Davis; 


Abdomen red, apical portion more or less dark; only an anterior 
orbital line, ring on antennee, scutellum and humeral lines white. 15. 


15. Abdomen long and narrowly oval; face uniformly and closely 
punctured, not polished ; anterior orbital line reduced to a mere 
short stripe ; antenne long, 6 mm.; basal joints of flagellum more 
than twice as long as broad; metathoracic carine well marked ; 
spines not prominent ; apex of petiole aciculated ; base of second 
segment shagreened; abdomen red; base of petiole darkened. 
eneth 7=8 mm... .. succe maine 1 heya eae NT AN USM ressone 


Abdomen short and very broadly oval; face sparingly punctured, 
smooth and polished anteriorly and on clypeus ; white line in front 
of eyes long and broad ; antennz short, 4 mm.; basal joint of 


17 


18. 


19. 


20. 


Or 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 





flagellum not twice as long as broad; metathoracic carine and 
spines prominent ; petiole smooth, polished ; second segment of 
abdomen evenly punctured ; abdomen red ; apex of 4th and base 
of 5th segments black, rest of apex white. Length 


6.5 mm. Salas, ia Ody Gen Cee teiece's oe, UZERNENIS: TeisDs 
Thorax caciely rufous. Be gee) Ciel hs) ate PE Pe A a maf 
Thorax more or less black OS Me cate as eee Riitey 
Scutellum white ; pleura, biopodeaen and legs Sone ‘itite sinning 

onantenne...... ale at 0 ik St eeger Aaa Ram ERR, ReeE ELI o ottaie EnT G) 
Srutelladatniaek or’rirfous, bc RS capac REgeae se Moo oedeaenS in akc, Sac one 
Antenne as long as Fete estecgs PEER, ASE ae ches et OO 


Antenne considerably shorter than bodes ; anterior orbital line Sate. 
interrupted medially ; metathoracic carine and spines inconspicuous; 
petiole broad apically, roughened, very finely subaciculate ; 
abdomen moderately broadly oval, rufous ; fifth segment fuscous, 
apex: WHILE «ass apie ov atisiege to. casia e+ -SIGNATUS.) PRovanchers 


Antenne ionger than the body; anterior orbital broad, not inter- 
rupted, also a fine posterior orbital line present; a bright white stripe 
on anterior margin of prothorax ; propodeum, legs, pleura, stains 
on mesonotum and abdomen, except base of petiole, rufous ; 
metathoracic carine and spines sowewhat more strongly marked 
than in szgzatus ; petiole not so broad apically, and abdomen more 
narrow and longer than in that species ; petiole sub-polished at 
apex; laterally:earindte gan wsea-< <a: .ORNATUS, Provancher. 

Antenne as long as body ; A aioe mesonotum and abdomen 
beyond second segment black, remainder of insect rufous; broad’ 
orbital lines, face except transverse spot above clypeus, clypeus 
except central apical spot, scape beneath, collar, humeral line, line 
beneath each wing, stripes on mesonotum and mesopleura, two 
spots on metathorax above hind coxe, broad apical margin on all 
abdominal segments, more or less of anterior coxe and 
trochanters, white, apex of femora, apical third of tibiz posteriorly 
and tarsi of hind legs black ; metathorax rugose ; superior area 
subpolished ; petiole very broad, finely and rather sparsely 
punctured”. oie Vans meee aS ees. oScinsna er DANERIN Damier 


21. Antenne without white annulus. One specimen of consors that I 


have seen has the propodeum slightly 
TMTOUS), mse o's Wig tthe amen Se eg a apera aa CON SORG Me FESSOMs(DaLSs) 


280 


22. 


2. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Antenne with white annulus, rufous at base, black at apex ; abdomen 
and petiole rufous, smooth polished, without 
CATMMe 6). Ud Oca Reet Glee See ee INS OLA RUE EE ROWAN CheE: 


Antenne without white annaluse: csi: with ey cer anstrtae on ater eteee 


More or less shiny; rufous, stains of black on mesothorax ; third 
abdominal segment rufous ; legs all red; areolet in wings moderate 
in size ; base of metathorax punctured, carinate ; postpetiole not 
very broad, polished, but sparingly 
PUNCLUNE <9. ou Mon She oo ee ke CAL IROR NICUS. ake TessOl, 


Opaque ; pale ferruginous; base of third abdominal segment and 
apex of posterior tibiz black ; areolet in wings very large ; base of 
metathorax rugose and without carine ; postpetiole very broad and 
SHASTCEN Ee di... Clemente ior Nebe + be Shims ee Or ACIS. ADaMiIs: 


PHCLARWS, (Cresson? 279%. 


1867. Jchneumon clarus, Cresson, 2. Tr. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 
I, D207: 


1877. Flatylabus clarus, Cresson, 9. g. ‘Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, 
VAD NgO: 


1886. latylabus magnificus, Provancher, 9. Add. Faun. Hym. 
Gap: ap. 40: 


This, and the following species, are easily distinguished by their large 
size and brilliant blue colour. Areola, shown in figure 1, from 
the description magnificus, Proy., must belong here. 


Flabitat.—Mass. ; Bécancour, Can. (magnificus). 


Type in coll. American Ent. Society. 


PoMETADEICUS,, tgSPiis eres nG 

Bright metallic blue ; wings hyaline ; white annulus on antenne ; 
metathoracic area shown in fig. 2. Length of antennz 12 mm.; 
of insect r2 mm. 


Q. Metallic blue ; anterior orbital line interrupted medially, short 
posterior line, annulus on antenne, front tibiz and apex of femora 
anteriorly, trace on middle femora and tibiz anteriorly, white ; 
remainder of front 4 tibiz and tarsi and posterior tarsi ferruginous ; 
clypeus broadly truncate, labrum prominent, face narrowed in 
front of eyes ; base of clypeus marked by suture, two longitudinal, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 





well-impressed, grooves on face, which is evenly and closely 
punctured ; antennz as long as the body, thickened and flattened 
beyond the apex, the joints of flattened portion broader than long ; 
thorax evenly punctured, more densely on the pleura ; scutellum 
slightly reddish at apex; metathorax above and at apex 
transversely wrinkled, areola smooth, polished, carine well 
marked, tooth at hind angles large and distinct; wings hyaline ; 
abdomen shagreened, especially at base of second segment ; 
petiole with two very well marked and angular carine, not reach- 
ing apex ; postpetiole finely shagreened ; gastrocceli large. 

¢. Metallic blue; face, anterior and posterior orbital lines, 
mandibles, annulus on antenne, scape beneath, short line beneath 
the wings, scutellum, anterior legs in front, coxa, trochanters, 
tibize, tarsi and apex of femora in front white, rest of tibie and 
tarsi of front 4 legs and tarsi of posterior legs ferruginous. In 
other respects like the female. 

The type 2 of this species was included by Cresson in_ his 
redescription of c/arus in Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., 1877, p. 199, 
and was the exception which he made as to the white scutellum 
of that species. The male specimen was added to the collection 
afterwards, and differs from the male of c/arus in having the white 
annulus on the antenne, as well as in the metathoracic character. 

Hlabitat.N, H. (@ type). Me. (@ type). 

Types.—lIn the collection of the American Entomological! Society. 

. P. RUBRICAPENSIS, Provancher, 9. 

1882. Platylabus rubricapensis, Provancher, 9. Nat. Can., XIII., 
P. 329. 

Habitat.--Cap Rouge, Canada. 

. P. incaBus, Davis, ?. 

1897. FPlatylabus incabus, Davis, ¢. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIV., 
Pp: 352. 

Habitat.—Moscow, Idaho (Aldrich). 

- . SCUTELLATUS, Provancher, 9, ¢. 
1875. Ischnus scutellatus, Provancher. Nat. Can., VIL. p. rir. 


1877. Platylabus scutellatus, Cresson. -Tr. Am, Ent. Soc., VI, 
PD. 200,84. . 


282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Hlabitat.—Cap Rouge, Canada. 
6. P. consors, Cresson, ¢. 

1877. Platylabus consors, Cresson, f~. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., 
p. 200. Cresson says this may be the male of Cadifornicus. See 
figure 3. 

Flabitat.—California. 

TZypes.—In the collection of the American Entomological Society. 

7. P. paciFicus,: Harrington, 9°. 
1894. Platylabus pacificus, Harrington, 9. Can. Ent., XXVL., p. 210. 
fTabitat.—Vancouver’s Island (Taylor). 

8. P. RUFICORNIS, Provancher, ¢, 2. 

1886. Platylabus ruficornis, Provancher, 9, g. Add. Faun. Hym. 
Cansyp.sa8: 

Hlabitat.—Ottawa, Canada (Harrington). 

9g. P. CANADENSIS, Cresson, @. 

1877. Platylabus canadensis, Cresson, 9. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., 
p: 200. Figure 4: 

Hfabitat.—Canada. 

Type.—lIn the collection of the American Entomological Society. 

to. P..Foxi, Davis, <.- 

1897. Platylabus Foxt, Davis, 6. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIV., p. 353. 
This species has much more white on it than any other. Most of 
the males of the genus have more white than the females, and 
when the female of this species is known it will doubtless be less 
plentifully supplied with white. 

ffabitat.—Camden, N. J. (Fox). 

It. P. MONTANUS, Cresson, 9. 

1877. Platylabus montanus, Cresson, 9. ‘Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI., 
p.72oc:; |) Fieare 45: 

Habitat.—N. H. 

Types.—In the collection of the American Entomological Society. 

12, PB. RUZERNENSIS, 2). Spe, Yo 

Black ; abdomen and legs mostly rufous. Length, 6.5 mm. See 
figure 6. 

9. Anterior orbital lines not broad nor continued below the. eyes, a 
short line behind the eyes near their top; annulus on antenne, 


9 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283 








humeral line, line below the wings and scutellum white; legs 
rufous, except coxee and trochanters and knees, tarsi and apex 
of tibiae of hind legs, which are fuscous. Remainder of insect as 
described in the table. A quite distinct species. 
Habitat.—White Haven, Luzerne Co., Pa., Aug. 15, tg02. (Taken 
by the author.) 
Type.—One female, in the author’s collection. 
13. P: siGNaTuUS, Provancher, 9. 
1874. Phygadeuon signatus, Provancher. Nat. Can., VI., p. 282. 
1877. Platylabus siguatus, Cresson. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc, VI, p. 200. 
Figure 7. 
fTabitat.—P. Que., Canada. 
14. P. ORNATUS, Provancher, ?. 
1875. Phygadeuon ornatus, Provancher, 2. Nat. Can., VIL, p. 181. 
1877. FPlatylabus ornatus, Cresson. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI, p. 200. 
Figure 8. 
ffabitat.— P. Que., Canada. 
15. P. Baker, Davis, ¢. 
1897. Platylabus Bakeri, Davis, 6. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIV., 
Bp: 352. 
ffabitat.—Ann Arbor, Mich. (Baker). 
16. P. LINEOLATUS, Provancher, ¢?. 
1875. chneumon lineolatus, Provancher. Nat. Can., VIL, p. 82. 
1875. Phygadeuon rufipes, Provancher. Nat. Can., VII., p. 181. 
1877. Platylabus lincolatus, Cresson. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., VI., p. 201. 
Figure 9. 
Habitat.—P. Que., Canada. 
17. P. CALIFORNICUS, Cresson, 9°. 
1897. Plaayiabus calijornicus, 2. “Tr. Am. Ent) Soc.; VI., p. 208. 
Close to the preceding species. Figure 1o. 
ffabitat.—California. 
Types.—In the collection of the American Entomological Society. 
18. P. opacitus, Davis, ¢. : 
1897. Platylabus opacitus, Davis. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIV., p. 353. 
Habitat.—Moscow, Idaho (Aldrich). 


284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








SYNOPSIS OF EPEOLINAL. 
BY CHARLES ROBERTSON, CARLINVILLE, ILLINOIS. 


Females. 

Segment 5 with a more or less evident bevelled or truncate space, false 
pygidium, which is rather sparsely short, bristly and _ fuscous, 
purplish or sericeous in certain lights ; ovipositor (applied here to 
one of a pair of appendages often exserted one on each side of 
the sting) setiform, fimbriate, apex with several curved divergent 
spines; mandibles simple; maxillary palpi 3-jointed;  scutel 
finely punctured, sub-bilobed ; segments 1-4 with apical fasciz of 
Bale wap pressam@ ap DeSCENGEs oiia ton. St rtcms ei wiepe alae toes Triepeolus. 

Segment 5 with a silvery lunule at apex ; poipouitan ligulate, bare or 
pubescent, apex acute, its edges dentate ; at least the mandibles, 
tegule and legs red.. pwnte ¢ A Ara 

1. Maxillary palpi 3-jointed ; manatee witli an inteeal cea closely 
punctured ; scutel sub-bilobed; pleura and pectus with surface 
nearly concealed by pubescence ; mesonotum bilineate ; border 
of segment 1 interrupted on apical margin, 2 with fascia produced 
laterally and interrupted medially, 3-4 with apical fascie notched 
in the middle, 5 with two lateral patches; tubercles, labrum and 
joints 1-3 partly red; 8 mm.; muzma in gn. nov., type Triepeolus 


MintNUS, ROD. SV se a enh om 8 Ode eae. +. DS AREYEOSEIERIS: 

Maxillary palpr “2-jointed 2..wi teh toe ee. oo atenewers aren noniedsl eiegs See EO oe 
Males 

Maxillary, palpis2-j emitted sit4 nas rates acta ayers eect ‘wiles! 9 Eepeolus, 

Maxillary -palpi«a=jomnted .c2apin «cee 2 h40k. seit toasty eic/ape ee ee reno 

1. Mandibles with an internal tooth ; muima in......... Argyroselenis. 

Mandibles simple .*: ....< 2 9.12 Wb gs wage oe «2s ance ~' biske ee peml vgs 


Triepeolus, Robertson. 
Females. 

Ventral segment 5 flattened, concave, strongly produced and bent 
down at apex; dorsal segment 5 with a semicircular sericeous 
truncation; black; mesonotum anteriorly with a broad pale- 
yellow band ; border of segment 1 broad, interrupted basally and 
sometimes apically ; fascize continuous on 2-4, gradually or 
abruptly widening on sides of 2; 13-16 mm..........concavus. 
Ventral segment 5 simple ; dorsal segment 5 usually with lateral 
PBTCIES 4 yecs cc pic tes we io.y' ne nce) pea ew ar ol ae ne eae ae 





THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285 





1. Border of segment 1 hardly wider on the sides ; fascia on sides of 2 


abruptly produced forward; mesonotum bilineate; apex of 


pygidium convex.. Min a aihisye Bee roearemet stare ee 2 Os 
Border of segment 1 atch aes on Sie ctees Mayas atas chee diets hse 22s 
. Mesonotum bilineate ; pygidium Tear cdlivilly gy GatINateae Lh beat a 


Mesonotum with a subcordate completely enclosed space; black... 3. 
. Fasciz continuous except on base of segment 1, abruptly widened on 
sides of 2; space on mesonotum hardly trilobed; patch on 
pleura subquadrate; scutel flat, spines nearly obsolete ; 
ESM OMDAM He wig! is Suan e Bh ay sate bs ok Liasdined = . . Nevadensis. 
Fasciz interrupted on segments 1-2, ss PEORIA Rdening on sides of 2 ; 
space on mesonotum trilobed ; patch on pleura L-shaped ; sistitel 
sub-bilobed, spines distinct; 10-14 mm.............remigatus. 
. Segment 5 shining, rather coarsely punctured, apex concave, bevelled 
space and lateral pubescent patches indistinct ; apex of pygidium 
truncate ; scutel rather strongly bilobed ; black, labrum, middle 
of mandibles, tegule, tibiz and tarsi tinged with red ; segment 1 
with transverse subquadrate patch, the apical fascia interrupted or 
continuous ; fasciz on 2~—4 continuous, paler on 4; lunate patch 
on pleura separated from patch Wee tubercle ; ventral 
fasci none; 13 mm.; sf. nov. pl Tat ae Waa e ssi Plex: 
Segment 5 opaque, densely aac ated apex convex, bevelled space 
always and lateral pubescent patches usually distinct ; apex of 
pygidium convex; scutel less bilobed: patch on segment 1 
usually triangular ; fascize on 1-2 interrupted, 3-4 continuous, 
that on 4 of the same colour; lunate patch on pleura usually con- 
nected with patch surrounding tubercles; ventral segments 2-4 


with apical fascie......... : Safetes eis eit scene 
. Labrum, mandibles, sEraits I-3, bee li sil Tees ee 

ED DONS AT ep ce PR? eee eect IN alee erent aes lunatus. 

Labrum, aoe Se ee 1-3, tegule and legs black ; 
10-13 mm. rata) hallel eheveieeesails Mae Ohe oeieeaens . concolor. 
. Ornaments cinereous ; fascia on Pearce T, ana sometimes on 2, 
interrupted ; black ; closely punctured ; 11-12 mm....donatus. 
Omaments gream: coloun;-legs) usually redis.. . Sa; esilsti «ts! ch ddaae 


Pectus coarsely and sparsely punctured ; mandibles, labrum, joints 1-3 
and tegule sometimes tinged with red ; fascia on segment 1, and 
sometimes on 2, interrupted ; 8-11 mm.............pectoralis. 

Bectus:hnely, (and closely punctaredgsai. 3. aioe i aca ee oe 


286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





8. 


ies) 


False pygidium small; apex of ventral segment 5 narrow ; black ; 
coxze and front trochanters black; closely pnnctured; fasciz 
interrupted on segments 1-2 ; 12 mm.; sf. mov... ..micropygius. 

False pygidium large. SU URIS Tea ie ahs BE Aen Ree ne AG): 

Pleura with an L- shuned: seca middle and hind femora red ; fasciz 
on segments 3—4, and usually on 2, continuous; 1o mm. helianthi. 

Pleura with a lunate patch; femora usually more or less_ black ; 
labrum, mandibles; scape, tubercles and tegule usually red; the 
legs rarely black; fasciz usually interrupted on segments 1-3, 


usually continuous on 45-38-12 MM 2... 8. 2. 0 oo) ressonit. 
Males. 

Border of segment 1 hardly broader on the sides ; mesonotum 

bilineate);” abdomen *Gsiascidte sain. 2). 5 ie aaa ete Ce Oe 

Border of segment 1 broad ieee forming tiusiie or subquadrate 

patches\svormamentscreamcolourn nA. ul ose. See eae Gri mite 

Disc of mesonotum not enclosed by a complete border............3. 


Disc of mesonotum black, subcordate, with a complete border; black. 2. 
Abdomen 5-fasciate, rarely a faint fascia on segment 6; the bands 
continuous, that on 2 suddenly widened on the sides ; scutel flat, 
spines nearly obsolete; 13-16mm.................Nevadensis. 
Abdomen 6-fasciate, bands interrupted on segments 1-2, gradually 
widening on sides of 2, cinereous on 6; 10-15 mm....remigatus. 
Mesonotum anteriorly with a broad band; abdomen 5-fasciate, 
segment 1 with fascia continuous or interrupted, 2-5 with continu- 
ous fascize wider on sides of 2-3 ; black ; 12-15 mm...concavus. 
Mesonoti na Sptlinedtes ah, 265. eve «4 2 Sat ee es bs ee eee 
Abdomen 5-fasciate, bands continuous or interrupted on segment 1, 
continuous on 2-5, cinereous on 4-5 ; black patch on segment 1 
transverse subquadrate; black, labrum, mandibles, base of 
antenne, tegule, tibie, tarsi and pygidium more or less tinged 
with red; 12 mm. Jone RRR ot SEA Let fh aed ees 
Abdomen 6-fasciate, Bale jmeirauied on segments I-2, sometimes on 
3, cinereous or whitish on ies ; black patch on segment 1 usually 


tramemlants (TO+ 13, gm .).)i!/. ARMs heehee rureie ve tecsttt eye 
Labrum, mandibles, joints 1-3, ane and sete OR . .. lunatus. 
Labrum, mandibles, joints 1-3, tegule and legs black <issc.)..s Coneolor, 
Ornaments cinereous; fascixe usually interrupted on sebaence I-2, 
white on 6; black; g-12 mm...... 2 fate ea onats, 


Ornaments cream colour ; tibize and tarsi usually red.. DELEE Spa topehahe if 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287 





7. Middle and hind femora red ; mandibles, labrum, antennz and tegule 
black ; pleura with an L-shaped mark ; ro-1r mm.. ..helianthi. 
Middle and hind femora more or less black ; mandibles, labrum, base 
of antenne and tegule red; rarely entirely black; pleura 
commonly covered with pubescence ; fascize usually interrupted ; 

Se T meh ae RO EA se eee Peet co Ao ne ee CESS OMAP, 


Epeolus, Latreille. 


Females. 


Front with a large tubercle on each side; mesonotum not bilineate ; 
middle of segment 1 and apex of 2 with golden fasciz ; mandibles 
with an internal tooth ; head and thorax coarsely, abdomen finely 
punctured ; pectus with coarse, sparse punctures ; labrum, joints 
1-3, collar, tubercles, line above, tegule, scutel and axille red ; 
spurs black ; wings fuliginous ; stigma rather large ; 


T= TAI isi ts..s Sneha a eR ae eh eS oe) . bifasciatus. 
Front simple; mesonotum bilineate; border of segment 1, apical 
margins of 2-4, and lateral patches on 5 of pale pubescence....1. 


1. Pleura below finely and closely punctured ; scutel low ; transverse, 
opaque ; mandibles simple or with an indistinct internal tooth ; 
fascie continuous or nearly so...... sc Cosine aap el a ae Oe 

Pleura below coarsely and sparseiy nietured' Se niel bilobed, shining; 
fascize interrupted, that on sides of 2 projecting forward; abdomen 
finely punctured; tubercles, axillary spines and spurs more or less 
ROG! SAS Bi io tr creas im co MO ene eter disasters Niawe ee Rant oem Oe 


2. Thorax coarsely, rather sparsely, punctured; mandibles simple ; fascize 
cinereous, pointed on the disc; silvery lunule subtriangular ; 
jointsir=—2 more‘or-less red q-miml).. v's, 4.5. s+ es LeCtoldes: 

Thorax rather finely and closely punctured; mandibles with an 
internal tooth ; fascize club-shaped on the disc; silvery lunule 
transverse; joints 1-3 red; scutel usually more or less red; 
7=9, MOM se ye aie Leeeeeein. eae oty. Je taeoe ’ @ LINterruptus: 

3. Scutel quite surpassing lateral spines; spurs red; lateral patches of 
segment 5 separate ; femora more or less black ; 

Q=10 MM). sk eee ee itp ; eos... Ut Oemalis. 

Scutel hardly surpassing tena spines ; spurs black lateral patches of 
segment 5 connected across the disc; femora rad 


T= OMMMM. we /c he hemat crime eM ateeNTs cihtare oy on! 466 Oe aan ESTES: 


288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





Males. 
Front with a large tubercle on each side ; mesonotum bare ; 
PHO MAM. <iidleche Ate tant) onaire tare sits eft, Difaselatus: 
Front simple; mesonotum bilineate; segments 1-6 with apical 


FASC18S: sh swe Sean ele Sgt aphth anicl ertiwa Behe toe tees oth moan ee eee le 

1. Pleura below finely and densely punctured ; scutel flat............3. 
Pleura below coarsely and sparsely punctured ; scutel bilobed...... 2: 

2. Mandibles simple; thorax coarsely punctured.............lectoides. 
Mandibles with an internal tooth ; 7-9 mm............interruptus. 


3. Scutel quite surpassing lateral spines ; spurs red ; 7-9 mm.autumnalis. 
Scutel hardly surpassing lateral spines ; spurs black ; 6-8 mm. pusillus. 





LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA. 
BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON, ONT. 


(Continued from page 243.) 


Gyrinide. 
1505, Gyrinus minutus, Fab., ’80. 
eTSLAs ot raqins? ec, "0: 
ae OSD aw oO: 
fydrophilide. 

1542, Helophorus oblongus, Lec., ’79, “80. 
1543, a lacustris, Lec., ’80. 
1546, Me linearis, Lec., ’80. 


1597, Hydrocharis obtusatus, Say, ’80. 
1614, Berosus striatus, Say, ’80, 8s. 
*1622, Laccobius ellipticus, Lec., ’8o. 
1653, Hydrobius fuscipes, Linn., ’79, ’81. 
Cercyon, sp., ’81. 


Sulphide. 
1698, Necrophorus marginatus, Fab., ’79, ’80. 
1702, “ vespilloides, Hbst., ’8r. 


1706, Silpha lapponica, Hbst., ’79, ’80. 
1707, ‘  trituberculata, Kirby, ’8r. 
1709, ‘“  noveboracensis, Forst., ’81. 
1710, ‘* Americana, Linn., ’81. 
*roqn) STAMOS: OAV, 7 Os, OO, nO0, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Staphylinide. 


2055, Aleochara bimaculata, Grav., ’79. 
2100, Quedius fulgidus, Fab., ’79. 
2119, Creophilus villosus, Grav., ’79, ’80, ’8I. 
2124, Staphylinus badipes, Lec., ’81. 
2149, Philonthus eneus, Rossi., ’79, ’81. 
2150; aK furvus, Nord., ’79. 
2167, ce hepaticus, Er., ’79, ’80. 
* 233, ‘ Lecontei, Horn., ’79. 
*2303, Stenus bipunctatus, Er., ’8r. 
2573, Pederus littorarius, Grav., ’8r. 
2732, Bledius ruficornis, Lec., ’81. 
Homalium, sp., ’81. 


: Scaphidiide. 
2976, Scaphium castanipes, Kirby, ’81. 
Phalacride. 
*2993, Phalacrus politus, Melsh., ’79. 
*2996, Olibrus vittatus, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
2998, «~~ ‘striatulus; Lec." 99,80: 
* 2 sp., 79 and ’8o. 
Coccinellide. 
*3035, Neemia episcopalis, Kirby,’ 79. 
3041, Hippodamia 5-signata, Kirby, ’81. 


3043, os Lecontei, Mulls, ’79. 

3046, cb convergens, Guer., ’8o. 
3050, 5 13-punctata, Linn., ’79, ’8c. 
3051, gs parenthesis, Say, ’79, 80. 
3058, Coccinelia g-notata, Hbst., ’79. 

3059, hy transversoguttata, Fab., ’79,’80. 
3060, g monticola, Muls., ’79. 


3072, Harmonia r2-maculata, Gebl., ’81. 
3075, Anatis 15-punctata, Oliv., ’8o, ’8r. 
*3095d, Brachyacantha albifrons, Say, ’79, *80. 

Erotylide. 
3236, Tritoma thoracica, Say, ’79. 

Cucuside. 
3314, Pediacus fuscus, Er., ’8r1. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Dermestide. 


*3418, Dermestes marmoratus, Say, ’79, ’8o. 
3425, " lardarius, Linn., ’79. 
3428, ‘ vulpinus, Fab., ’8o. 


Hlisteride. 
3480, Hister interruptus, Beauv., ’70. 
3494, ‘* depurator, Say; ’79, ’30. 
*3583, Saprinus lugens, Er., 779, ’80. 
3586, ««  Oregonensis, Lec., ’79, 86. 
3586a, “  distinguendus, Mars., ’79. 
*2610, fs fimbriatus, Lec.,’79. 
Nitidulide. 
Nitidula, sp., ’79. 
3664, Cercus abdominalis, Er., ’79. 
*3734, Pocadius helvolus, Er., ’8o. 
*3739, Meligethes mutatus, Hor., ’79. 
Byrrhide. 
3887, Cytilus sericus, Forst., So. 
Byrrhus, sp., ’79. 


Fleteroceride. 
Heterocerus, 2 sp., ’81. 


Dascyllide. 
4016, Cyphon variabilis, Thunb., ’8r. 
gee et / OMe etot 


Llateride. 
*to049, Cryptohypnus nocturnus, Esch., 779, ’80- 

4245, Elater apicatus, Say, 80. 

4253, Drasterius elegans, Fab., ’79, ’80. 

4287, Agriotes limosus, Lec., ’79, ’80. 

4297, Dolopius lateralis, Esch., 79, ’80, ’8r. 
4322, Melanotus fissilis, Say, ’80. 
*4467, Corymbites morulus, Lec., ’79, ’80. ~ 


4482, s hieroglyphicus, Say, ’81. 
4484, Fé cruciatus, Linn., ’79. 
4495, es metallicus, Payk., ’81. 


it Spij) 708 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Buprestide. 


4576, Dicerca prolongata, Lec., ’79, ’81. 
4619, Melanophila longipes, Say, ’79, ’8o. 
4739, Agrilus anxius, Gory., ’79. 

4761, Brachys erosa, Melsh., ’80. 


Lampyride. 


4815, Ellychnia corrusca, Linn., ’79, ’8o. 
4818, Pyropyga nigricans, Say, ’79, ’80. 
4824, Pyractomena borealis, Rand., ’79, ’81. 
4935, Telephorus nigritulus, Lec., ’81, 


4939, ¥ flavipes, Lec., ’8o. 
4948. ch Curtisiil, Kirby, ’81. 
*4952, ok Oregonus, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
pe SDeO- 
ss By SiO-pa coulis 
Matlachide. 
*4999, Collops cribrosus, Lec., ’79, ’8o. 
5013, «« _-vittatus, Say, ’79. 
Cleride. 


5159, Trichodes Nuttalli, Kirby, ’79. 
5232, Necrobia violaceus, Linn., ’79, ’80. 
Lucanide. 


5419, Platycerus depressus, Lec., ’79, ’80, 


Scarabeide. 


5435, Canthon levis, Drury, ’8o. 

5444, Copris anaglypticus, Say, ’8r. 
5459, Onthophagus janus, Panz, ’79. 
5510, Aphodius hamatus, Say, ’80, ’81, 


*5513; a occidentalis, Horn., ’79, ‘80. 
5528, granarius, Linn., ’8o. 
*5550,  “ —_consentaneus, Lec., ’79, ’80. 


*5620, Trox sonore, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
5623, ‘* unistriatus, Beauv., ’8o. 
5650, Hoplia trifasciata, Say, ’Sr. 


291 


bo 
ite) 
bo 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


5656, Dichelonycha elongata, Fab., ’79. 


5659, ie testacea, Kirby, ’8o. 
5662, rt Backu, Kirby, ’79. 
5674, Serica vespertina, Gyll., ’79. 

SP, 77.9. 


10240, Lachnosterna dubia, Smith, ’79. 

*5822, Polyphylla decemlineata, Say, ’79. 

*5925, Cremastochilus Knockii, Lec., ’79. 
5939, Trichius affinis, Gory., ’79. 


Cerambycide. 
5975, Criocephalus agrestis, Kirby, ’79. 
6062, Elaphidion villosum, Fab., ’8o. 
6183, Xylotrechus undulatus, Say, ’79. 
6248, Pachyta liturata, Kirby, ’79. 
6259, Acmeops bivittata, Say, 79, ’8o. 
6273, * proteus, Kirby, 79. 
6279, Bellamira scalaris, Say, ’81. 
*6295, Typocerus balteatus, Horn., ’79. 
*6323a, Leptura convexa, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
GeGind = a: mutabilis, Newm., 79. 
*6369, Monilema annulatum, Say, ’79, ’8o. 
6386, Monohammus maculosus, Hald., ’8o. 
6387, fe scutellatus, Say, ’81. 


(To be continued. ) 





A RARE BUTTERFLY. 


On July 1st I caught a Hypolimnas misippus, Linn., 3, at the sugar 
estate ‘“‘Isabel,” ten miles north-east of this town. Gundlach, in his 
* Entomologia Cubana,” 1881, states that he has only caught one male 
in 1851 at Cardenas, and two females in 1869 and 1876, respectively. I 
do not know of any other male having been caught in the island, and 
should be very glad to hear from any of your correspondents who may 
have caught them since 1881. 

My specimen is quite perfect and measures 57 mm. across the 
wings, and is therefore slightly smaller than the specimen illustrated in 
Holland’s * Butterfly Book.” THEO. BRooKs, Guantanamo, Cuba. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293 





BOOK NOTICES. 





THE ORTHOPTERA OF INDIANA.—By W. S. Blatchley, State Geologist, 
Indianapolis, Ind. From the 27th Annual Report of the Depart- 
ment of Geology and Natural Resources of Indiana, 1902. One 
Vol., 8vo., pp. 123 to 471. 

No one better qualified than the author of this work could possibly 
be found to prepare a handbook of the Orthoptera of Indiana, and admir- 
ably he has performed his self-imposed task. For nearly twenty years he 
has been a close observer and student of the insects of this order and has 
published many papers of both a systematic and descriptive character 
upon them. Several of these have appeared from time te time in the 
pages of this magazine. ‘The book contains the results of his investiga- 
tions and studies, and is designed to impart a full and clear knowledge of 
this important group of insects to school pupils and young people on the 
farm. Certainly anyone desiring to study the order, whether living in 
Indiana or Ontario, or any of the neighbouring States, will find his way 
made easy by this work, and will learn without much difficulty how to 
distinguish the species and what their life-histories and characteristics are. 

The opening pages of the book give a full and clear account of the 
external anatomy of a Locust, the natural enemies of the Orthoptera, and 
a bibliography of the more important books and papers on the order. The 
main portion of the volume is termed ‘‘A Descriptive Catalogue of the 
Orthoptera Known to Occur in Indiana.” Convenient keys are given to 
the families, genera and species, facilitating the identification of a speci- 
men, and these are followed in each case by scientific descriptions, the 
synonymy, geographical distribution and other information ; in the case 
of the Locusts especially the accounts of the habits of the species are very 


full and interesting. The work is rendered complete by a chapter on 
the Life-zones of the State as illustrated by the distribution of the 
Orthoptera, a glossary of the terms used and a full index. There dre over 
120 excellent figures in the text, largely taken from Lugger’s Orthoptera 
of Minnesota, and a beautiful coloured plate of the remarkable pink 
variety of the Oblong-winged Katydid (Améblycorypha oblongifolia ). 


294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








A CLASSIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICAN SPIDERS.—By Prof. John Henry 
Comstcck, Ithaca, N. Y. Comstock Publishing Co., 1903. Large 
8vo., pp. 56. (Price, 50 cents.) 

Anyone taking up the study of Spiders will find this a useful manual, 
as the tables will give him a clue, without much difficulty, to the families 
and genera; for the determination of species he will require to have 
recourse to some other work, such as Emerton’s “‘ Common Spiders of the 
United States.” The tables require for their use some previous knowledge 
of the external anatomy of the Spiders and the technical terms used in 
their description. The author has in preparation a textbook of North 
American Arachnida, and publishes these tables in advance in order that 
they may be tested before publication of the larger work. 





Tue Insect Wortp: A monthly magazine, edited by Y. Nawa, Gifu, 
Japan. Vol. VIL., 1903. 

Recent numbers of this remarkable magazine have contained a page 
or two in English, giving an illustrated description of some Sphinx Moth 
or other interesting insect. Hitherto one has only been able to read the 
English title, admire the excellent illustrations and turn over the pages 
with a great longing to be able to read Japanese. In the January number 
there was an account of a remarkable moth, whose larva lives as a parasite 
on certain species of Cicada; a coloured plate is given showing the 
different stages of the insect, the neuration of the wings of the moth and 
the host with parasites attached. Mr. Marlatt gave, at the meeting of 
Economic Entomologists, very interesting descriptions of Mr. Nawa and 
his entomological laboratory and museum, which he visited last year. 


DEATH OF PROFESSOR GROTE. 


It is with profound regret that we record the death of our greatly- 
esteemed friend, Professor AuGusTUS RADCLIFFE GROoTE, A. M., the 
tidings of which has just reached us. The sad event occurred on 
Saturday, September rath, at Hildesheim, Germany, where he had been 
living for the past nine years; during the previous ten or eleven his 
home had been at Bremen. With the exception of this last score of years, 
his life was spent in the United States, and was devoted almost entirely 
to the study of the Lepidoptera of North America, 

We beg to offer our deepest sympathy to his widow and children in 
their affliction. It may be some slight consolation to them to know that 
their grief is shared by many on this side of the Atlantic who were his 
friends and colleagues in earlier years. 





Mailed October 3rd, 1903. 


Can. ENT., VOL. XXXV. 


ILE SEAaa 
LL IIIIh ddd 
LIL IIIELELS 
f { Jd 7 ‘ Ld 











The € anadliay ¥ntomotonist 


VoL. XXXV. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1903. No. 11 











THE GENUS PODISMA IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA, 
RY E. M. WALKER, B.A., M.B., TORONTO. 


Podisma (Latr.) is a particularly interesting genus of Melanopli, 
since it is the only one of that immense group that occurs in the Old 
World, where, indeed, it is represented by considerably more described 
species than it is in North America. It is also of interest from its dis- 
tinctly boreal and alpine distribution, being almost peculiar to high 
latitudes or altitudes. It is a circumpolar genus, inhabiting the mountains 
and boreal parts of Europe, Asia and North America, a larger number of 
species having been described from Europe than elsewhere. 

The North American species are found in two widely-separated 
regions : the Rocky Mountain region from Alberta to New Mexico in the 
west, and from North-western Ontario to Maine and south to Pennsyl- 
vania in the east. It is to the eastern species that the reader’s attention 
will be directed in the present paper. 

Although in some cases Podisma is but narrowly separable from 
Melanoplus, \t is on the whole a distinct type, differing from the latter 
chiefly in the widely-separated mesosternal lobes, the interspace in the 
male being transverse and as wide or nearly as wide as the lobes them- 
selves, and in the female strongly transverse and as wide as or wider than 
the lobes. The pronotum is always short and sometimes subcylindrical, 
with the lateral carinz poorly defined or absent, and the hind margin trun- 
cate or slightly emarginate, or at most obtusangulate. The tegmina are 
normally abbreviate, and often entirely absent. Of the North American 
species, those from the east have no tegmina, while of the western forms 
these organs are present in all but one species. 

Two species of Fodisma have been described from eastern North 
America, P. glacialis, Scudd., from the mountains of New England, New 
York and Pennsylvania, and P. variegata, Scudd., from specimens taken 
at Ithaca and Enfield Falls, Tompkins Co., N. Y. Before the description 
of the latter was published the writer sent drawings to Mr. Scudder of 
specimens of Podisma taken at De Grassi Pt., Lake Simcoe, Ont., which 
were pronounced /. variegata, and later on specimens from the same 
locality were sent to him. On Sept. 12th, rg00, while collecting at North 


296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Bay, Lake Nipissing, 175 miles north of De Grassi Pt., a series of speci- 
mens of /odisma were taken, which showed features belonging to both 
species, but were nearer P. g/acialis. Some of these were sent to Mr. 
Scudder, who named them g/aczadis, “ varying slightly towards varzegata, 
especially in the (feebly) banded hind femora.” 

Since then I have collected a considerable series of specimens from 
‘two localities intermediate in latitude between Lake Simcoe and Lake 
Nipissing, viz., at Tobermory, near Cape Hurd (Bruce Co.), and at 
Algonquin Park. Ihave also examined a series of 4 ¢ 5 and3 2 9 taken 
at several different localities in Pennsylvania, belonging to the museum of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and kindly loaned 
to me through Mr. J. A. G. Rehn. To complete my collection, I have 
specimens of typical g/acia/ts from the following localities in New Eng- 
land: Mt. Washington, N. H. (3 3 6,3 % 2); Greylock Mt., Mass. 
{26 ¢,2 2 2 )5 speckled Mt..\Stoncham; Med(3 Gi g.2 2 9))- 

A careful study of all these specimens has revealed a complete series 
of gradations from the typical y/acialis of the White Mountains to the 
typical variegata from Pennsylvania, though these extremes are widely 
different, not only in structure and markings, but in habits and character of 
environment. 

The chief points of distinction between the two forms as given by 
Mr. Scudder may be tabulated as follows: 

L. glacialis. P. variegata. 








Eyes. | Moderately prominent. Bess mone especially ” 


Slightly shorter than hind | Distinctly longer than hind 
































eS renness femora. femora (¢). 
cee Yellowish grass-green, ob- | Flavo-testaceous, broadly 
f scurely bifasciate with bifasciate with blackish fus- 
emora. : 
dark olivaceous green. cous. 
Reale. Crosses basal fifth or less of | Hardly longer than last seg- 
supra-anal plate. ment. 
; ; Very long and slender; middle 
Geri | Sota middle breadth not | Gfeadih less than 9 basal 
ab es 73 - | breadth. 





A study of my series gives the following results : 

1. Eyes.—Those of the N. E. specimens (typical g/acéa/7s) are the least 
prominent, the specimens from Mt. Washington having less prominent 
eyes than those from Speckled Mt. and Greylock Mt. Among the rest of 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297 








the series there is but little variation, the greatest degree of prominence 
being seen in the Pennsylvania specimens (typical vavzegaza) and the Lake 
Simcoe specimens. The eyes of some of the ¢ ¢ from North Bay 
approach pretty closely those of the ¢ ¢ from Speckled Mt., andthe ? ¢ 
from the latter locality are quite like those from North Bay in this respect. 
There is, however, very little range of variation among the Canadian 
specimens. An idea of the total amount of variation in the prominence 
of this organ can be obtained from the accompanying plate. 

2. Antennee.—The variation in the length of this structure can be 
seen by a glance at the table of measurements. The specimens from Mt. 
Washington have relatively the shortest antenne, and it is plain from the 
measurements of the New England specimens that they average distinctly 
shorter than the Canadian specimens. From Algonquin Park southward 
to Pennsylvania, except at high altitudes, we find a gradual but steady 
increase in the length of the antennz, the longest ones belonging to 
Pennsylvania specimens. In typical varéegata the antenne of the ¢ are 
distinctly longer than the hind femora, in g/acza/is slightly shorter. In 
most of the Canadian specimens they are about equal in length, being 
faintly shorter in the North Bay specimens, faintly longer in those from 
Lake Simcoe. 

3. The hind femora are relatively shortest in the N. E specimens, but 
are practically constant in length throughout the remainder of the series. 
Some of the Algonquin Park series, however, are inseparable from the N. 
E. specimens on this score. A more important feature is the colour and 
distinctness of the bands of the hind femora. In specimens from Algon- 
quin Park and North Bay, like those from N. E., they are uniform green, 
with the faintest traces of bands, but in the majority from this locality they 
are more or less distinctly though feebly banded, the lighter areas being 
yellowish green. A number of ¢ 3, however, have the superior sulcus 
as conspicuously banded as in the Pennsylvania specimens, The hind 
femora of the latter are in the g strongly fasciate with pale yellowish and 
dark brown or blackish, the contrast being much greater in the main than 
in the specimens from Lake Simcoe, which most resemble them. Every 
gradation is present in the series. 

4. The furcula shows great diversity of size and form. As with the 
other characters, the most northern of the Ontario specimens are most like 
typical g/acia/is in the form of this structure, and it is longest in some of 
the North Bay and Algonquin Park specimens, shortest in the Pennsyl. 


298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








vania series. Some from North Bay, however, have the furcula as short 
as those from Lake Simcoe (figs. 56, 57, 58.) 

5. Cerci of ¢.—Next to the furcula this structure shows the greatest 
range of variation. It is much stouter in typical g/acéa/is than in typical 
variegata, and Scudder used the character as one of the chief ones by 
which the two species could be distinguished. A glance at the plate, how- 
ever, will suffice to show that no separation into two species can be based 
on the form of this structure. Some of the North Bay specimens have the 
cerci of typical g/acia/is, but there is a perfectly gradual series of transi- 
tions from the stout cerci of the more northern forms to those of the 
Pennsylvania ones, in which they are most slender. In order to illustrate 
these transitions as accurately as possible, I have drawn the cerci of all 
the ¢ specimens, from N. E., North Bay, Algonquin Park, Tobermory 
and Pennsylvania, and a sufficient number from L. Simcoe to complete 
the range of variation. 

Other variations of less importance are to be found, especially in the 
general colour and character of markings, but they add nothing to the 
facts gained from the above. 

From these comparisons it is readily seen that the specimens from 
Mt. Washington and those from Pennsylvania are the most widely sepa- 
rated, but that the wide gaps between them can be filled by a complete 
series of links represented by the Canadian specimens, the most northern 
of which closely approach the N. E. specimens, the most southern the 
Pennsylvania ones. 

These variations, hence, appear to be connected with differences in the 
climatic conditions, and it would seem that temperature is an important 
factor. They are also accompanied by certain changes in the insect’s 
habits, as evinced by some interesting facts that have been recorded on 
this subject. Mr. Scudder states that in the White Mts. P. g/acialis “ fre- 
quents the close branches of the dwarf birch, and is rarely or never seen 
upon the ground,” while Mr. Morse found most of his specimens ‘‘on or 
among the various species of Vaccinium, characteristic of mountain-tops 
and on Ascutney upon dwarf cornel” (Psyche, 1898, 273). It occurs 
at elevations of 2,000 to 5,400 feet, in New England, New York and 
Pennsylvania, but has also been taken at lower leveis at Jackman, Me., 
on the Canadian border, “in open woods and bogs ” (Harvey.—Psyche, 
1897, 77). At North Bay and Algonquin Park I found the insect 
common in open woods on bushes, chiefly the common beaked hazel 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299 





(Corylus rostrata) and the red raspberry. It occurs in both dry and 
fairly moist situations. The specimens from Tobermory were taken 
under similar circumstances, while at De Grassi Pt. they seem to be 
confined to swampy ground where the vegetation is of a boreal character. 
In such places I have taken them on bushes, chiefly raspberry, but have 
often found them on the branches and trunk of the Arbor-vitze, sometimes 
8 or ro ft. from the ground. I have never observed this habit in the 
north, although the species is far more abundant there, but Mr. J. A. G. 
Rehn says, in an interesting article on “The Habits and Distribution 
of Podisma variegata” (Ent. News, XI., 630), that in Pennsylvania they 
occur on the branches of hemlock, and that when removed they will 
quickly return. 

From these various facts it may be inferred that P. glacia/lis is the 
more primitive form, especially as the genus is typically an alpine one, 
and that it once inhabited a much larger area. but after the retreat of the 
ice-sheet it disappeared from this area, except in the northern part and on 
the mountains farther south. Variegata, on the other hand, may be 
regarded as an incipient species, the product of an effort on the part of 
the parent species to survive amid the altered conditions of its environ- 
ment. These conditions, as we go southward, diverge more and more 
from those to which the insect was originally adapted, and hence it is not 
surprising to find slight modifications of structure and colour-pattern 
corresponding in degree with these changes. 

Its occurrence in swampy stations southward is what would be 
expected from the fact that wet soil is a poor conductor of heat, and such 
places are cooler than the more open, dry country, but its fondness for 
hemlock in Pennsylvania seems to indicate a distinct specialization in the 
insect’s habits in this locality. Further observation, however, is desirable 
on this point. 

As many of my Canadian specimens can be classed equally well with 
gtactalis or variegata, it will be necessary to give a new racial name to 
these forms, and I have accordingly subdivided the species as follows, 
though it will be understood that these different geographical races cannot 
be sharply separated from one another : 


A. Antenne distinctly shorter than hind femora ( ¢ ), nearly three-fourths 
as long (?). Eyes not very prominent. Hind femora nearly 
uniform green externally, obscurely bifasciate with darker green. 
Furcula crossing basal fourth or fifth of supra-anal plate. Cerci of 


300 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


d rather stout, middle breadth not less than two-thirds the basal 
breadth. 

Habitat—Mountains of New England.—P. glacialis, Scudd., type. 
Antenne about as long (¢), about five-sixths as long (@) as the 
hind femora. Eyes prominent, especially in the ¢. Hind femora 
green externally, more or less distinctly bifasciate with darker green, 
especially on the superior sulcus. Furcula generally crossing less 
than the basal fifth of the supra-anai plate, but longer than the last 
segment. Cerci of ¢ about half as broad in middle as at base. 
Habitat—Northern Ontario.—P. glacialis Canadensis, new race. 
Antenne longer (4 ), faintly shorter (9), than hind femora. Eyes 
prominent, especially in the ¢. Hind femora pale-yellow externally, 
strongly bifasciate with dark-brown or blackish. Furcula about as 
long as the last segment. Cerci of ¢ less than half as broad in 
middle as at base. Habitat—New York, Pennsylvania, Ontario (L. 
Simcoe, Tobermory).—FP. g/acialis variegata, Scudd. 

Specimens from Lake Simcoe and Tobermory may be placed with 


variegata, but are not quite typical. I have seen no specimens of glaciadis 
from the mountains of New York and Pennsylvania, so that I have given 
them no place in the above table. 
glacialts type. 





They will probably fall under P. 


MEASUREMENTS. 
Males. 
Antenna. Head and Pronotum. Hind Femur. Body. 
mm. mm mm. mm. 
Mt. Wash. 
BISPEC! s<feuejnia: os 8.1-8.2 Av. 8.15 5-5-5:°8 Av. 5.53 9-5-9-7 AV. 9.57 17.0-17.5 AV. 17.3 
(2 spec.) 
Speckled Mt. 
ZISPEG. yaar g.0-g.2 Av. 9.1 5-7-5:8 AV. 5.73 g.0-9.7 Av. 9.4 17.0-18.0 Av. 17.7 
(2 spec.) 
New England. 
(Morse) 48 spec. | 8.0-9.0 9.5-10.8 15-0-17.5 
North Bay. 
SkSpec. ais a. ator 8.5-9.0 Av. 8.8 5:4-5-8 Av. 5.62 9-5-10.3 Av. 9.9 17.0-18.0 Av. 17.27 
Algong Pk. 
TARSDER oe cocoa 8.0-10.0 Av. 8.66 4.8-5.7 Av. 5.19 8.4-10.0 Av. 8.8 15-0-17.5 Av. 16.1 
Tobermory. 
5 Speen). Yas. 5 10.0-10.5 Av. 10.16 | 5.7-6.0 Av. 5.84 1o.0-10.8 Av. 10.24 | 17.5-18.5 Av. 18.44 
Lake Simcoe 
RAE SDOGC eer ess. ee 10.0-11.0 Av. 10.5 5-3-6.3 Av. 5.79 9.5-10.5 Av. 10.08 | 17.5-20.0 Av. 18.4 
Penn‘a. 
AUSPEGT. aches 12.0 (1 spec.) 5:3-5:8 Av. 5.52 g.5-10.2 Av. 9.8 16.5-18.5 Av. 17.5 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
(Scudder)... .... 10.5 9-25 16.5 























THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





301 





Females. 

















Antenna. Head and Pronotum. Hind Femur. Body. 
mm. mm. mm. mm. 
Mt. Wash. 
DISPCCH cies ans Vez 7.0 12.0 25.0 
Speckled Mt. 
BESPEC Ma. 0 cis se 8.2-9.0 Av. 8.6 6.3-7.0 Av. 6.6 10,0-11.5 Av. 10.9 21.0-26.0 Av. 23.0 
(2 spec.) 
New England. 
(Morse) 62 spec.| 7.0-8.5 10.0-12.0 19.0-28.0 
North Bay. 
SISPEC? Sa aeecke g.o-10.5 Av. 9.9 6.3-7.0 Av. 6.86 | 12.0-12.6 Av. 12.4 21.5-25.2 Av. 23.9 
Algong Pk. 
ATSPCC? eee g-.0-g.2 Av. g.1 6.0-6.8 Av. 6.47 | 10.2-12.0 Av. 11.2 20.0-24.0 Av. 21.7 
Tobermory. : 
5 SPECh. ere eee g.o-11.0 Ay. 10.12 6.5-7.5 Av. 7.09 | 12.2-13.5 Av. 12.3 22.0-26.5 Av. 24.8 
Lake Simcoe. 
Sispecsenen eer 10.0-11.0 Av. 10.69 | 6.8-7.8 Av. 7.29 }] 11.0-13.4 Av. 12.4 24.5-26.5 AV. 25.37 
Penn'a 
BuSPeC sas aes. 11.5 (1 spec.) 6.5-7.0 Av. 6.66 | 12.0-12.5 Av. 12.25 | 21.0-24-5 Av. 22.83 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
(Scudder)....... 8.5 + 12.75 23:5 
Fig. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6. 
1, 2,7. FPodisma glacialis, type, 6 cercus. Mt. Washington, N. H. 
Bia & “ “ “ Greylock Mt., Mass. 
5, 6,8 rf ss as Ly Speckled Mt., Stoneham, Me. 
9: = 4 2 From Scudder (Rev. Mel.). 
48. “ gs ‘©, head and pronotum. Mt. Washington, 
Ne Hi: 
49. ¢ ef “ Sit rs Speckled Mt., Me. 
53: ee s ‘«  g, supra-anal plate and furcula. Speckled 
Mt., Me. 
61. = «ft, hind femur. Speckled Mt., Me. 
le) ’ 
FO-P72 . rm canadensis, 5 cercus.. North Bay, Ont. 
18-31. a a a es Algonquin Park, Ont. 
50. Hy e r ¢d, headand pronotum. North Bay, 
Ont. 
54-56. us ay dg, supra-anal plate and furcula. 
North Bay, Ont. 
62, 63. es « g,hind femur. North Bay, Ont. 
2—26. ae ob variegata, g cercus. Tobermory, Bruce Co., Ont. 
’ 
“ & “6 “ 


37-42. 


Lake Simcoe, Ont. 


302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








43. Podisma glacialis, variegata, g cercus. From Scudder (Rev. Mel.). 
44, 45. sf ‘s os North Mt., Penn’a. 

46. ay - i A Bellasylva, Wyo. Co., Pa. 

Ay. S ct e as Glen Omoko, Sull. Co., Pa. 

bE. 5 iy ef ¢ ,head and pronotum. Lake Simcoe, 
Ont. 

ep i; a it BAT id is North Mt., Pa. 

CY ieee ‘ ‘ be dg, supra-anal plate and _furcula. 

Lake Simcoe, Ont. 

59; 60. se ss ss ¢, supra-anal plate and _furcula. 

North Mt., Pa. 

64. fe se ce ¢ hind femur. Lake Simcoe, Ont. 

65. cs s ss ce Ss Bellasylva, Pa. 


ON THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE ORTHOPTEROUS 
GENUS AULOCARA, SCUDDER. 
BY A. N. CAUDELL, WASHINGTON, D. C. 

Too late for correction, I find that in my recent paper on western 
Orthoptera* I have redescribed Scudder’s Aulocara rufum as a new 
species under the name guanzeri, placing it in the not very nearly related 
genus /fe/iastus. This unfortunate mistake was brought about by the 
uncertain position of the genus Au/ocara, which possesses both tryxaline 
and cedipodine characters. The general aspect of the species of the genus 
is certainly very strongly cedipodinean and the characters of the declivate 
vertex, subperpendicular front, filiform antennz, small round eyes, obsolete 
lateral carinz, twice or thrice severed median carina, wrinkled pronotum, 
and of the generally present intercalary vein, all indicate close affinity to 
the CEdipodine. McNeill, in his revision of the Tryxalineef, excludes this 
genus, but Scudder considers it to belong to that group. Cdocara, 
Scudd., and the invalid genus Co/orade//a of Brunner von Wattenwyl}; 
are synonyms of Audocara, and under the former name Saussure places it 
in the CEdipodine§, and Colorade//a was established as a tryxaline genus. 
Thus there is considerable difference of opinion among specialists as to 
the systematic position of Aw/ocara. Upon thoroughly studying the 
group characters exhibited by our species of this genus, I feel very certain 
that its logical position is in the (Edipodine. 





* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxvi., 775-809 (1903) 

+ Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sc., vi., 179-274 (1897). 
+ Ann. Mus. Genoa (2) xiii., 123 (1893). 

§ Prodr. Gidipod., suppl., 15 (1888). 


Oya 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3038 








CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M. A., D. SC., ASSISTANT CURATOR, VU. S. 
NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 16.—Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 205.) 
Famity XLII.—Mutillide. 
1830. Mutillidz, Family (partim), Leach ; Edinb. Ency., IX., p. 145. 


1855. Mutillide, Family (partim), Smith; Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., 
DEL pie 

1899. Mautillidee, Family XLII., Ashmead ; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 
WITlop: Ag; 

1899. Mutillidz, Family (partim), Fox; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 
XXV., p. 220. 

1899. Mutillide, Famille (partim), André ; Spec. Hym. d’Eur. Tom. 
VIII., pp. 1-77. 

1903. Mutillide, Famille (partim), André ; Wytsman’s Gen. Ins., 
Fam. Mutillide. 

William E. Leach, and zo¢ Frederick Smith, as Ernest André has it, 
was the first to establish the family A/w¢://ide ; but none of these gentle- 
men correctly defined it, and all have included genera which do not 
belong to it. Some of the genera belong to the Bethy/ide, one belongs 
to the Zhynnide, one to the Coszlide, and others to the Wyrmoside. 

The family, as here restricted, contains only wingless females, with 
the thorax always undivided, or without trace of the pronotal or mesonotal 
sutures, while the males are easily distinguished from those in other 
families by having the abdomen terminating in two slender, straight spines, 
which usually project from between the two plates of the pygidium—the 
epipygium and the hypopygium. All other writers on these wasps, 
namely, Klug, Lepeletier, Leach, Haliday, Radoszkowski, Sichel, Smith, 
Saussure, Blake, Cresson, Fox, Peringuey and André, have, in my opinion, 
included in the family genera or groups which do not belong to it, but 
_ which fall naturally into other families, as I have clearly shown in my 
characterization of the families. All its members are genuine parasites, 
and live in the nests of various bees and wasps. The family may be 
separated into ¢wo closely-allied subfamilies, as follows : 


304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








Table of Subfamilies. 

Abdomen with the first segment droad/y sessile with the second, without 
a distinct constriction or furrow between, and never much narrowed 
or petioliform, although sometimes subnodose in some 
WAALG SE: cS he ae Un eaten aga ee Ae Subfamily I., Mutillinee. 

Abdomen with the first segment petiolate or petioliform, never broadly 
sessile with the second, but much narrowed at apex, and usually 
with a constriction or furrow between it and the 
SEC ONE ct Mees che tern ha al Te be tae othe Subfamily II., Ephutinz. 

SUBFAMILY I.—Mutilline. 

This group has apparently reached its highest development in 
Europe, Africa and Asia, the typical forms found in America being less 
numerous ; the others show a closer affinity with the next subfamily or 
the Ephutine, tribe Sphaerophthalmini. 

Two minor groups or tribes may be recognized by the following 
characters : 

Eyes small, rounded, hemispherical or ellipsoidal, prominently convex, 
smooth and highly polished, not facetted, or with the facets vaguely 
defined, except in ¢ Zricholabiodes, Pseudophotopsis and Alloneurion, 
which have large oval eyes, more or less facetted, that extend to the 
base of the mandibles 5)).). 5 at Aa) Saas eee Tribe I., Photopsidini. 

Eyes larger, not rounded or hemispherical, ovate, obovate or ellipsoidal, 
always distinctly facetted, and in the ¢ sometimes emarginate 
AWA E DAM etn ects Son denn REIN gs <2 bie dias ede he EN Tribe II., Mutillini. 

Tribe I.—Photopsidini. 

The majority of the males in this group more closely resemble those 
in the family Myrmoside, tribe Chyphotini, than any of the others, and this 
resemblance has influenced me in placing the tribe at the head of the 
family Mutid/ide, although in cephalic characters, and particularly in the 
rounded eyes, they are evidently allied to the tribe Sphaerophthalmini, 
some of the females having been described originally in the genus 
Sphaerophthalma, Blake. 

Table of Genera. 

MERIES sox Meh x 3 Peas Senter oat ine 

BURIALS: Strate, wc artahe Soothe «s ayenalchs’ We ct chsh da tnrarca See Sich shes tele Re aan EE 


pee 


1. Eyes large, oval, not hemispherical, occupying most of the sides 
of the head and extending to base of mandibles, usually with a 
feeble sinus in front and bebind, delicately facetted ...........2. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305 





Eyes not large; hemispherical: or rounded):i:):.. jit. ess eee 28 4. 
2. Postscutellum armed on each side with a small erect tooth or spine; 
mesonotum: with complete furrows: .%. <i tayse sits ole ay aaa tt ae 


Postscutellum normal, unarmed. 

Front wings with three cubital cells, the third sometimes incom- 
plete, the stigma very small and indistinct; only ome recurrent 
nervure; mandibles strongly excised beneath, 3-dentate at 
apex; middle and hind tibize armed with spines. 
GAtiioficai heat nana ak cleans Tricholabiodes, Radoszkowski. 

(Type Mutilla pedunculata, Klug.) 


3. Front wings with ¢zwo cubital cells and only ove recurrent nervure ; 
both mandibles excised beneath, with a process or projection 
before the incision; ocelli large. (Africa, 

INSTAL sed atau nate te les aflsa ee pea Pseudophotopsis, André. 

(Type Agama Kamarovi, Radosz ) 

Front wings with ¢#ree cubital cells and with ¢wo recurrent nervures, 

the third cubital cell again divided by a longitudinal vein issuing 
from the middle of the second transverse cubitus. 


CASSIS diss: 0. ahel Manetegeat oe <p eae mine . Alloneurion, Ashmead. 
Seb yne Mutilla Kokpetica, Radosz.) 
4. Mesosternum anteriorly normal, unarmed. te cr nie 


Mesosternum anteriorly abnormal, armed ain fab (or iiione) teeth, 
Head quadrate, the temples full; mandibles at apex 4-dentate ; 
mesosternum laterally at the middle armed with a tooth ; first 
joint of the flagellum as long or nearly as the second. (North 
America:)... /:2 2.1. 2... etraphotopsis, Ashin., fen. nov: 
(Type T. Hubbardi, Ashm.) 
Head not quadrate, the temples not full; mandibles at apex 
3-dentate ; mesosternum laterally unarmed ; first joint of the 

flagellum shorter than the second. (North 

Aim@nica? ah ios. 2! bie teen sees OG Ontophotopsis;.V iereek, 
(Type O. exogyrus, Viereck.) 
5. Marginal cell at apex pointed or rounded, but never broadly 
tYUNICATE oF AAAS eae EEE oe emcee Nar nee Ls Steam.) . Samat tenotem 6. 
Marginal cell at apex broadly, squarely truncate ...............15. 
6. Mandibles beneath excised, or with a sinus and usually an a tooth, 
or process, before the incision, or at least the left mandible excised 
BETS atin, 2) Were. into ladey Cah sce heey a. 9) kaa reed oc ciety 


306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Mandibles beneath stmple, not excised i piven sn ide Xt one. .@. 

7- Mandibles acuminate, or with a tooth within before apex, never 

BGENALE yo RO Me ah wie BI eG Bre nT a a eer 
Mandibles stout and strong throughout, at apex 3-dentate. 

Front wings with only ove recurrent nervure ................ 8. 

Front wings with do Teeurrent. nervures:. =2. <4 -..5 2 eats ve Ue 


8. Ocelli large ; submedian cell a little longer than the median ; first 
and second joints of the flagellum cylindrical, more than twice 
longer than thick, and about equal in length. (North 
ATAGTICA..) Sic view) asian els ee 8 o% ages EOP HOLOpsis, Ashi sens nev: 

(Type Photopsis pluto, Fox.) 

Ocelli small ; submedian cell not longer than the median ; first joint 

of the flagellum a little longer than thick and shorter than the 

second: (North America)... 60s: . Bruesia, Ashm., gen. nov. 

(Type Mutilla harmonia, Fox.) 

g. Front wings with ¢kree cubital cells, or the third partially formed. . 12. 
Front wings with ¢wo cubital cells, the third entirely absent. 

Mesonotum wth distinct parapsidal furrows..............6. TO. 

Mesonotum wéthout parapsidal furrows.................+.II. 

to. Mandibles at apex 3-dentate. 

Front wings with two cubital cells. (North 
America.) 6 cs.< <scen ss s+ ae NEOphotopsis; Ashmi-«( partim)- 

11. Second cubital cell triangular; ocelli large ; flagellum cylindrical, the 
first joint longer than wide, but shorter than the second. (North 
Ameria: ive Wa vie cei no Aes Boul anes: MICTONIRta la Shimane. 

(Type Photopsis nana, Ashm.) 
Second cubital cell small, irregularly pentagonal ; ocelli not large, 
close together in a triangle. (South 

America:):. iets bs se.. SPs eos. eo Seaptodactyla, “Burmeister: 

(Type S. heterogama, Burm.) 

12. Mandibles strong, 3-dentate at apex. 

Front wings with only ove recurrent nervure ; first abdominal 
segment smooth, or at most only sparsely feebly 
punctate ................... Neophotopsis, Ashm. (partim). 

Front wings with ¢wo recurrent nervures ; first abdominal segment 
distinctly, closely punctate..........Photopsis, Blake (partim). 


15. 


16. 


ry: 


18. 


” 


20. 


2I. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307 





. Ocelli large ; submedian cell not or rarely much longer than the 


median ; first abdominal segment closely punctate. (North 

America.) nw ia oe a dee Mie oat Se eee notepsis; Blake, 

(Type P. imperialis, Blake.) 

Ocelli small ; submedian cell longer than the median; first abdominal 
segment smooth, impunctate. (North 

AMENICA.) uss. ce) oe ee hls cae Ss NOmizephaptisy Ashmead: 

(Type Mutilla Sanbornii, Blake.) 


. Ocelli large ; submedian cell a little longer than the median ; /wo 


recurrent nervures, the second, however, sometimes incomplete or 
subobsolete at apex; first joint of the flagellum about twice as long 

AS TUMCKity (NOTUA AMERICA). 2.5 saeco. « Pyrrhomutilla, Ashmead. 
(Type Spherophthalma anthophore, Ashm.) 

Mesonotum wéthout parapsidal furrows ............0.+.0-454.16. 
Mesonetumizects parapsidal 1UTEOWS .6¢ a.j-0510% <csii- 0 ss) «eye eee ek 18. 


Thorax about twice as long as wide, not wider than the head... ..17. 
Thorax not much longer than wide, wider than the head. 

Submedian cell not longer than the median ; flagellum cylindrical, 
tapering off at apex, the fourth joint not much longer than the 
second ; second ventral segment more or less conically produced 
or elevated at basal middle. (Australia.). Eurymutilla, Ashmead. 

(Type Mutilla affinis, Westw.) 
Submedian cell longer than the median ; flagellum cylindrical, the 
first joint shorter than the second; second ventral segment normal. 


(Australias). ye. ab. 0st)s Abeitee ge oats os Ephutomorpha,: Andre: 
(Type Mutilla aurata, Fabr.) 
Front wingsiavith ¢zoeubital weells.2 i623 Aaa ei tee tia oie os! RO? 


Front wings with ¢iree cubital cells. 
Head subglobose; ocellismall. Australia. Bothriomutilla,Ashmead. 
(Type Mutilla rugicollis, Westw.) 
Head subquadrate ; ocelli small; mandibles excised beneath, 2- or 
3-dentate (¢este André.) (South America.) ......Tallium André. 
(Type Mutilla tenebrosa, Gerst.) 
Thorax not or hardly twice as long as wide, usually narrowed 
posteriorly, but never very elongate .......... wars ion 
Thorax elongate, thrice as long as wide, or Hest eipicitoumne 20s 


Thorax at least 1% times as long as wide, obtrapezoidal, ee 
obpyriform, or banjo shaped, or nearly... 0.5.0. t.'s. es cle 24s 


308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 











Thorax not or only a little longer than wide, quadrate or nearly, 
obtrapezoidal, short ovoid or otherwise shaped. 

‘Thorax obtrapezoidalsor short: Gvoids..c. 8204) a eos ie eee 

Thorax hexagonal, a little wider than long, punctate ; head 

subglobose ; first and second joints of the flagellum only a 

little longer than thick. (Australia)..Eurymutilla, Ashmead. 

(Type Mutilla affinis, Westw.) 


22% Thoraxvat least 124, times, ashlong/as wideo..52c\a<%". Seine eee ee 


Thorax obtrapezoidal and only a little longer-than wide. 
Mandibles excised sbeneathr. ros nnn occurs mec ie eure cunts eee ye 
Mandibles not excised beneath. 

Mandibles conically pointed edentate; first and second joints 
of the flagellum small, not longer than wide, the third 
joint longer than the second .. Micromutilla, Ashmead. 

Mandibles falcate, but with a small tooth within before the 
apex; first joint of the flagellum much longer than wide 
and longer than the second..Neophotopsis, Ashmead. 


23. Mandibles decussate, acute at apex, but with a minute tooth within 
before the apex.... .............-?2 Odontophotopsis, Viereck. 


ea? Thorax banjo-shaped,’ or meéarly ocic0 snes. 5. ee apiece a OS ee ee 
Thorax obovoid or obpyriform. 
Head transverse quadrate, the temples broad; eyes oval or 
ellipsoidal ; highly polished. 

Mandibles long, acuminate decussate, edentate, first 
joint of the flagellum long, obconical, longer than 
the 2nd and 3rd united... .? Neophotopsis, Ashm. 

Thorax obtrapezoidal. 
Head subglobose, the temples rather broad; eyes ellipsoidal 
or nearly round. 

Scape very long; first joint of flagellum very long ; 
mandibles long, slender, pointed at apex, with /wo 


teeth within........ .Scaptodactyla, Burmeister. 
Scape normal ; first joint of flagellum not especially 
long. 


Left mandible wth an incision beneath 
toward base. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309 








Mandibles bidentate ; first joint of 
the flagellum long, fully as 
long as 2nd and 3rd 
united. .? Tetraphotopsis, Ashm. 

Mandibles acuminate, decussate, 
without teeth ; first joint of the 
flagellum obconical, longer than 
thesecond..?Neophotopsis, Ashm. 

Left mandibles wéthout an incision beneath, 


SIMU DLG ese ae each epee ee tem 

24. Thorax banjo-shaped, or nearly, fie Pega at fii Sace. ee 
Thorax obpyriform, obovoid or obtrapezoidal........... 22 5 

25. Mandibles beneath simple, not excised. BASS. e SP irgtoess 20% 
Mandibles beneath, or at least the left ‘audible ereeed and usually 
with a process or projection before the incision............28. 

26. Mandibles at apex 3-dentate. sisi : 3 oun 


Mandibles at apex simple or at most ee a con ork reittile belore 
apex, or bidentate. 
Head rather large quadrate or subquadrate, the temples 

PRO AG Te set ates Pees merge Nomizphagus, Ashmead. 

27. Head subglobose, the temples not especially broad, the antennal 
foveze not deep, without a carina superiorly... Brusia, Ashmead. 
28. Pygidium sae without a pygidial area ; eyes short, 
oval. ce arares ears Cipmchalabigdest Radoszkowski. 
Pygidium not Ri oatl: ay a yaaa area. 
Body bare or nearly, at the most clothed with a sparse 
pubescence. 

Mandibles edentate, pointed at apex; first joint of the 
flagellum not, or scarcely, longer than wide, and 
very little longer than the second. Photopsis, Blake. 

Body clothed with a dense pubescence. 
Mandibies acuminate, but with a slight tooth within before 
apex. SU ROs onan .. Pyrrhomutilla, Ashmead. 
29. Thorax coarsely, fasowely Tiina, ‘Gined or foveolated, the front 
margin truncate, the angles acute or toothed, the lateral margins 
with a prominent tooth at the Casas of the contracted 
portion or in the tegular region. ap ; are Neer 
Thorax not coarsely, rugosely Saaeaie or ae Sih ouzte nieeate: 
the front angles rounded, the lateral margins w7thout a tooth. 31. 


310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





30. Head above bare ; mandibles stout edentate, antennal foveze bounded 
by a sharp carina superiorly ; first joint of the flagellum twice as 
long as the second.................Bothriomutilla, Ashmead. 

Head above clothed with a dense, white pubescence ; mandibles 
elongate, pointed at apex; antennal fovee not bounded bya 
carina superiorly ; first joint of the flagellum only a little 
longer than the second (South 
America)................Leucospilomutilla, Ashm., gen. nov. 

(Type Mutilla cerberus, Klug.) 

31. Head transverse or subglobose, bare or nearly ; the eyes rounded, 
very prominent ; antennal foveee bounded by a carina superiorly ; 
mandibles edentate ; first joint of the flagellum much longer than 
the second (Australia) oc en -ases cus E,phutomorpha, André. 

(Type Mutilla aurata, Fabr.) 

32. Head large, subquadrate, somewhat wider than the thorax, but with 
the hind angles rounded and beneath normal, unarmed ; 
mandibles long, bidentate (South America)..... Tilluma, André. 

(Type Mutilla spinosa, Swederus.) 

Head very large, quadrate, wider than the thorax, the hind angles 
acute, and armed on each side beneath with a strong tooth ; 
mandibles long, acute, with a tooth within much before the 


middle (South America)...... be .. Atillum, André, 
(T “ce anil lance. Perty.) 


A NEW ANOPHELES WITH UNSPOTTED WINGS. 
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Anopheles Barberi, new species.—Near Wadkeri, but only about 
half as large, the upright forked scales of the occiput chiefly yellowish- 
white, body devoid of scales, etc. Black, the base of the antenne, 
clypeus, stems of halteres, coxz and trochanters yellow, thorax and 
scutellum yellowish-brown, front portion of the former and the pleura 
more yellowish, occiput devoid of appressed scales ; thorax somewhat 
polished, thinly bluish-gray pruinose, the hairs and bristles chiefly black, 
those of the abdomen mostly yellowish, of the coxz yellow ; femora with 
a distinct bluish tinge, tarsal claws simple ; wings hyaline, the scales 
brown, the lateral ones lanceolate, petiole of first submarginal cell about 
one-third as long as that cell, base of the latter much nearer the base of 
the wing than that of the second posterior cell, hind crossvein less than 
its length from the small crossvein ; length, 3 mm. 

Three females, collected August 14th, 1902, and August 17 and 19, 
1903, on Plummer’s Island,.Maryland, by Mr. H. S. Barber, after whom 
the species is named. Type No. 6959, U.S. National Museum. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sit 











NOTES ON CULICIDE AND THEIR LARVA FROM IECOS, 
NEW MEXICO, AND DESCRIPTION OF A 
NEW GRABHAMIA. 
BY FRED. V. THEOBALD, M. A., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENG. 


A small collection of mesquitoes has beensent me by Dr. Grabham, 
collected by himself and Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell at Pecos Canon, New 
Mexico, U.S. A. 

This collection was made in June and contains five species, namely : 


1. Zheobaldia incidens, Thomson. 
2. Culex Kelloggii, Theobald. 
Culex consobrinus, Desvoidy. 
Grabhamia Curriei, Coquillett. 


Grabhamia vittata, nov. sp. 


Legtrargnis Lan 


. The Zheobaldia incidens, Thomson (59s), show very evident 
pale fee banding on the hind legs in one or two specimens, and the 
position of the posterior cross-vein also varies, for one has it just before 
the mid cross-vein, another specimen just behind the mid. They were 
taken on the 18th, 27th and 29th of June. The largest specimen 
measures 11 mm. in wing expanse. 


2. Culex Kelloggit, Theobald. (Canad. Entom., Vol. XXXV., 
p. 211, 1903.—(5 ds and 19). This species was bred by Dr. Grabham 
from long-siphoned larye and only a very few specimens were found. 
They are quite typical, but the ¢s are much smaller than the type, one 
only being 4 mm. long. They were bred from the roth to the 27th of 
June. 

The larva of C. Kelloggii.—Head bright testaceous ; eyes black, a 
black band behind ; antenne black, at the apex acuminate, ending in 
three long black spines and one very small one; just above the junction 
of the dark and pale areas is a fan-shaped set of hairs. Thoracic hairs as 
follows: The frontal band composed of two large median triple hairs, a 
couple of small ones next, then two single ones, followed by two triple 
ones outside; the next lateral area composed of two outer densely 
compound groups, then on the inside a doubie and single hair; third area 
composed of two compound bunches. The siphon as long as the three 
preceding segments, pale testaceous black at the apex and with a black 
basal ring and black spot, a row of small bristles on its basal half and a 
line of fine hair tufts on the apical portion, these are four in number 


alZ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


and rather more basal than shown in the figure ; at its base three tufts of 
bristles on each side and a group of spines ; anal segment with a few 
long black dorsal bristles and pale ventral fan; gill plates long and 
narrow. Characteristic basal spines shown at a. 

Length.—8.5 to 9 mm. 





Fic. 14.—Culex Kelloggii, larva. 


I. Thoracic frontal and lateral hairs; II. Antenna; III. Anal gills; IV. Respiratory 
siphon, @ basal spines. 


3. Culex consobrinus, Desvoidy.—One @ taken on June 21st. This 
species I do not think has been recorded so far south before. 

4. Grabhamia Curriet, Coquillett. Culex Curriet, Coquillett. (Can. 
Entomol., p. 259, 1902.).—A series of 10 9s, varying greatly in size, the 
smallest 4.5 mm., the largest 6 mm. The metanotum is densely clothed 
with pale straw-coloured narrow curved scales with a ‘median broad 
reddish-brown line, one or two show traces of narrow similarly-coloured 
lateral lines. They were taken from zoth to 29th of June, during the 
day, and were very troublesome and abundant. The four pairs of black 
abdominal spots on segments 2 to 5 are very marked. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315 





5. Grabhamia vittata, n. sp.—Thorax clothed with rich reddish- 
brown scales and with two narrow broken creamy lines and a few pale 
scales at the sides, especially over the roots of the wings; pleura with 
dense gray scales. Abdomen blackish-brown with basal white’ bands ; 
venter white. Legs brown, base of femora pale, remainder of femora 





Fic. 15.—Grabhamia vittata, larva. 


I. Thoracic frontal and lateral hairs; II. Antenna; III. Siphon, @ basal spines. 


and tibiz mottled with white scales ; some of the tarsi with basal white 
bands ; last hind tarsal black; ungues of ? all uniserrated; of ¢ all 
uniserrated. 

? .—Head brown with narrow curved yellowish scales, palest in the 
middle, with numerous upright yellow and black forked scales, flat 
creamy-white lateral scales with a round patch of flat black ones in the 
middle of each white area, a pale border along the eyes, black bristles 
projecting over them, except in the middle where the bristles are golden ; 
antennz deep brown, basal joint and base of the second joint bright 


314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





testaceous ; proboscis deep brown ; palpi deep brown towards the apex ; 
joints testaceous, with a few golden and black hairs, apical joint long, as 
Jong as the rest of the palpi. Thorax deep brown, clothed with bright 
reddish-brown narrow curved scales, a narrow median black line and a 
narrow line of creamy scales on each side, also a few creamy scales in 
front, over the root of the wings and before the scutellum ; four rows of 
long dark bristles on the posterior half of the mesonotum ; scutellum 
brown with narrow curved pale creamy scales and long dark posterior 
border bristles ; metanotum pale brown ; pleura fawn coloured, densely- 
white scaled. 


Abdomen deep blackish-brown with basal white bands and a few 
yellow scales on the apices of the last three segments ; border bristles 
pallid ; venter densely clothed with creamy-white scales. Legs with the 
coxe pale, with creamy scales ; femora pale basally and ventrally, with 
scattered brown scales becoming densest towards the apex, extreme apex 
with a yellow spot; tibiz brown, mottled with pale scales, darkest 
towards the apex and with black bristles ; fore metatarsi and first two 
tarsal segments with narrow pale basal bands ; mid-tarsi the same as the 
fore ; hind legs with a pale basal band to the metatarsi and first three 
tarsal segments, last segment black ; all the ungues uniserrated. 

' Wings with brown scales except on the subcostal vein and one side 
of the first long vein, where they are mainly white, and also at the base of 
the costa ; the lateral vein-scales on the second, third, fourth and apex of 
the fifth veins long ; the first, third and fifth long veins with darker scales 
than the remainder ; fork-cells short, the first submarginal cell longer and 
narrower than the second posterior cell, its base about level with that of 
the latter, its stem slightly longer than half the length of the cell ; stem of 
the second posterior about the same length as the cell ; posterior cross- 
vein rather more than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein ; 
fringe dense, brown. MHalteres with pale testaceous stem and fuscous 
knot. 

Length,.—4.2 to 5.5 mm. 


¢.—Palpi brown with a white band at the base of the two apical 
joints, plume hairs brown, yellow opposite the pale basal areas, there is 
also a pale band on the long antepenultimate joint, the last two joints of 
nearly equal length, the apical one slightly the shorter; apex of the 
antepenultimate swollen. Antenne with brown plume hairs tipped with 
grayish-yellow ; scales of the head gray. Thorax with looser, more 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315 





scattered, reddish-brown scales in the middle, gray ones at the sides. 
Abdomen as in the 9. Legs banded as in the 2, but the pale basal 
bands more of a yellow hue. 

Fork-cells very small; first submarginal a little longer and much 
narrower than the second posterior, its base a little the nearer the apex of 
the wing, its stem a little longer than the cell; stem of the second 
posterior cell also longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein about one 
and a half times its own length distant from the mid. 

Fore and mid ungues unequal, both uniserrated, the larger mid 
ungues rather straighter than the much-curved fore one; hind ungues 
equal, prominently uniserrated. Basal lobes of genitalia very hairy, 
claspers narrow, thin, terminating in a longish spine. 

Length.— 4.5 to 5 mm. 

Flabitat.— Pecos Canon, New Mexico, U.S. A. 

Time of capture.—]une 16th to 29th. 

Observations.—A very abundant species, according to Dr. Grabham, 
caught after sunset. It varies very much in size, the smallest specimen 
being 4 mm, the largest 5.5 mm. The ¢ has evidently a variable 
adornment on the thorax and is peculiar in having the hind ungues 
uniserrated. 

The species can easily be told from any other Grabhamia with 
banded legs by the basally-banded abdomen and last hind tarsal being 
black and the white-scaled sub costal and first long vein. G. dorsalis, 
which it most nearly approaches, has the abdomen and thorax with 
different adornment and the legs basally and apically banded, not basally 
as in this species. The type is in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 

The /arva.—Head deep chestnut brown, eyes black, reniform, pale 
around ; antenne pale testaceous at the base, dark at the apex, 
terminating in two small spines and a third larger flattish pointed one, 
paler in colour ; there is also a long lateral spine about half way down 
the antenna; mouth whorls bright golden-yellow ; thorax and abdomen 
pale brown with a double darker dorsal line, the front of the thorax with 
four tufts of black hairs in the middle in front, then two separate hairs 
and then another tuft on each side, two pairs of long lateral tufts, the first 
pair with two single black bristles just behind them and a little more 
centrally placed; the first two abdominal segments with large lateral 
tufts, remainder with small ones ; siphon short and thick, deep brown, 
about as long as the penultimate and antepenultimate segments ; a few 


316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





tufts of hair near its base and also a patch of characteristic spines shown 
at a. The last segment has a single dorsal tuft with a large bristle below 
it; the ventral fan rather long and prominent and four ventral small tufts. 

Length.—When mature, 9 mm. 

The pupa has cylindrical siphons contracted towards the apex, with 
small, slightly-oblique, opening ; there is a dense median tuft on the first 
abdominal segment. The anal fins are large, rounded, with median rib 
and double-contoured border towards the base of each fin; a distinct 
apical dorsal tuft on the last segment. 

Length.— 5 mm., with anal fins 6 mm. 


HESSIAN FLY REARED IN THE LABORATORY. 


BY F. L. WASHBURN, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN. 


It has always been claimed that there is but one brood of Hessian 
Fly in Minnesota. On June 25th of current year larve of Hessian Fly 
in second stage were found working on wheat in an adjoining county, 
brought to the Experiment Station and the wheat plant placed in moist 
sand in breeding jar in laboratory. These specimens quickly formed 
puparia, and one fly, a female, emerged July 19th. She lived about two 
days, before dying depositing between 80 and go eggs on green blade of 
whéat and on dried wheat stem in breeding cage. The eggs were laid 
indiscriminately on leaf and stem, some singly, some in clusters of two or 
three and some in strings attached by ends. 

On July rst one larva was found in field in first stage, brought into 
laboratory on wheat plant, but did not live. 

On the same day larve in second stage were secured and placed in 
breeding jar in laboratory. Upon July 8th they formed puparia, and on 
Aug. 16th one female emerged. She died Aug. 18th without ovipositing. 

The season here has been cold and damp, ideal condition for 
Hessian Fly. Probably more favorable conditions existed outside than 


in the laboratory. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA. 
BY JOHN D. EVANS, TRENTON, ONT. 
(Continued from page 292.) 
Chrysomelide. 

6550, Orsodachna atra, Ahr., ’79, ’80. 
*6590, Coscinoptera dominicana, Fab., ’8o0. 
*6592, a vittigera, Lec.,’79. 
661ob, Bassareus pretiosus, Melsh., ’80. 
6614a, Cryptocephalus notatus, Fab., 80. 


*6626, es confluens, Say, ’79. 
*6633, vf calidus, Suffr., ’80. 
6683, Pachybrachys carbonarius, Hald., ’79. 
6690, fe atomarius, Melsh., 80. 
s Spo: 


Graphops, sp., 80 
6778, Nodonota tristis, Oliv., ’80. 
6778a, oh convexa, Say, ’79. 
6778b, a puncticollis, Say, ’79, 80. 
6781, Entomoscelis adonidis, ae 79, ’80. 
6783, Prasocuris vittata, Oliv., ’8 


6795, ee este exclamationis, "Fab, 79, 80. 


6796, conjuncta, Rog., ’79, 80. 
6799, “ suturalis, Fab., ’79. 
ihe te is © var. pulchra, Fab.,’81. 
6807, re lunata, Fab., ’79, ’80, ’81. 
6808, < scalaris, Lec., ’80. 
6809, S Philadelphica, Linn., 80. 
6810, fs multipunctata, Say, ’79. 
68104, es Bigsbyana, Kirby,’79,’80,’8r. 


*6831, Gastroidea dissimilis, Say, ’79, ’80. 
6833, ie formosa, Say, ’79. 
6837, Lina lapponica, Linn., ’79. 
*6838, “ tremulz, Fab., ’79. 
6839; si) \?scripta, Babi gon Sx. 
6843, Gonioctena pallida, Linn., ’8r. 
6844, Phyllodecta vulgatissima, Linn., ’8r. 
6848, Phyllobrotica discoidea, Fab., ’79. 
6892b, Trirhabda Canadensis, Kirby, ’79, ’80 


17 


318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





*6894, Trirhabda attenuata, Say, ’79, ’8o. 
6898, Adimonia externa, Say, ’79, ’80. 
6907, Galeruca decora, Say, ’80, ’8t. 


6909, 7 notulata, Fab., ’8r. 
6915, ‘f erosa, Lec., ’79. 

6932, Oedionychis vians, IIl., 79, ’80. 
6933, rs lugens, Lec., 279. 
6948, Disonycha alternata, Ill., 79, 80. 
6950, eS Pennsylvanica, IIl., 80. 
6957; Y triangularis, Say, ’8o. 


6958, ss collaris, Fab., ’79. 

6960, Haltica bimarginata, Say, ’79. 

6962,5 - “fia nearinata, Germ., 782. 
Go62a5) Ss) meeratg; Lec., “710,80, 761: 

6968,> "~~ -yevieta, ‘Jusc. 70: 

7023, Phyllotreta vittata, Fab. ’8o. 

7060, Microrhopala vittata, Fab., ’80. 

7082, Odontota nervosa, Panz., ’80. 

7104, Coptocycla guttata, Oliv., ’79. 

. sp., 80. 
7109, Chelymorpha argus, Licht., ’79. 
Bruchide. 
*7124, Bruchus discoideus, Say, ’8o. 
¥7148, es fraterculus, Horn, ’79. 
es sp., 79. 
Tenebrionide. 

*7254, Asida opaca, Say, ’80. 
Fo agy, ©  politay Sayi?70, 80. 
#7259, “* \sordida, Tee, 770. 
*7291, Coniontis opaca, Horn., ’79. 
*7320, Eleodes tricostata, Say, ’79, ’80. 
4732 3; ‘* ~~ obsoleta, Say, ’79, ’80. 
Pa 7, “© extricata, Say, ’79, ’80. 
TSAO; ‘«« hispilabris, Say, ’79, ’80. 
Gy re ‘*  opaca, Say, ’79, ’80. 

7401, Upis ceramboides, Linn., ’79, ’80, ’8r. 

*10592, Blapstinus gregalis, Casey, ’79, ’80. 
Paratenetus gibbipennis, Mots., ’79. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319 





Melandryide. 
7653, Melandrya stniata, Say, ’79. 
Cephaloide. 
7759, Cephaloon tenuicorne, Lec., ’81. 
Mordellide. 
7779, Mordella melzena, Germ., ’79. 
7783; ‘ marginata, Melsh., ’79. 
as sp., 80. 
Anthicide. 
Stereopalpus, sp., ’79. 
7925, Notoxus anchora, Hentz,, ’79, ’80. 
Meloide. 

8006, Meloe impressus, Kirby, ’79, ’8o. 
*8028, Nemognatha dichroa, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
*8077, Epicauta puncticollis, Mann., ’79. 
*8078, e oblitaxee.79;"So. 


*8083, es sericans, Lec., ’79, ’80. 
*8084, ‘S pruinosa, Lec., ’8o. 
*8092, 6 maculata, Say, ’79, ’80. 
8104, = Pennsylvanica, DeG., ’79. 
y SP-5) eAGe | 


$132, Cantharis Nuttalli, Say, ’79, ’8o. 
$133, “ cyanipennis, Say, ’79, ’80. 


* “ atrata, Fab., ’8o. 
Rhynchitide. 

8210, Rhynchites bicolor, Fab., ’79, ’80. 
Otiorhynchide. 


*8245, Ophryastes sulcirostris, Say, ’79. 
*8279, Nocheles equalis, Horn, ’80. 
*8312, Tanymechus confertus, Gyil.,’79. 
Curculionide. 
8348, Sitones tibialis, Hbst., ’80. 
*8357, Trichalophus simplex, Lec., ’79. 
8429, Phytonomus setigerus, Lec., ’80, 
8437, Lepyrus colon, Linn., ’79, ’81. 
8444, Listronotus inzequalipennis, Boh., ’79. 
Macrops, 2 sp., ’79. 
. 2.SD; 41, 00; 


320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








8482, Hypomolyx pineti, Fab., ’8r. 

*8487, Lixus rubellus, Rand., ’79. 

*84907, >" . mueidus, Lecis 8a. 

*8514, Stephanocleonus cristatus, Lec., ’79. 
8543, Erycus puncticollis, Lec., 79, ’80. 
8615, Magdalis barbita, Say, ’79. 

8648, Anthonomus nigrinus, Boh., ’79, ’8o. 


*8659, s rufipes, Lec., ’80. 
8661, o crategi, Walsh, ’81, 
*8842, Ceutorhynchus sericans, Lec., ’8o. 
Pro 76, 2 erysimi, Fab., ’8o. 
Calandride. 
8989, Sphenophorus costipennis, Horn, ’79. 
Scolytide. 


Hylesinus, sp., 80. 
The genus and species of several specimens have not yet been 
determined. 





GASTROPHILUS EPILEPSALIS, Frencu. 
BY F. L. WASHBURN, ST. ANTHONY PARK, MINN. 


Dr. Burnside Foster, of St. Paul, a short time since sent me three 
Dipterous larve taken from the cutaneous tissue of a three-weeks- 
old infant, born on the seventh month, at Superior, Wisconsin. I at 
first thought the insect to be Zaucz/za, but being in doubt, and having no 
biological collection in this group for reference, I immediately sent it to 
Washington, receiving a telegram in reply that Mr. Coquiilett had 
identified it as Gastrophilus epilepsalis. 

In view of Prof. French’s description of the type on page 263, Vol. 
32, of this journal, taken with his account of the medical aspects of the 
case described, and in view also of Prof. Aldrich’s objection to the 
nomenclature, page 318, op. cit., I regard this as an interesting find. Dr. 
Foster states that two of these maggots were from the neck, one from the 
palm of the hand and one frem between the great toe and second toe on 
right foot, all of them in pustules similar to those made by some others 
of this genus. The child had been sleeping out of doors considerably 
during the daytime. The doctor proposes to write an account of the 
case in the forthcoming number of the St. Paul Medical Journal, of 
which he is editor. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oul 





It will be remembered that Prof. French named this species from a 
larva, great quantities of which were found in the evacuations of a child 
subject to periodic epileptic spasms. As these attacks ceased for a time 
after the use of purging medicines, by means of which large numbers of 
the maggots were voided, Prof. French appears to have assumed, 
curiously enough, that the spasms were caused by the reproduction of the 
/arve in the intestines (the italics are mine) and the effect of the same on 
the nervous tissue; hence he gave the maggot the specific name 
epilepsalts. 

In sending the above cutaneous larve found by Dr. Foster to 
Washington, I gave no data whatever, and yet they were declared 
identical with Prof. French’s type, an intestinal parasite. 

It is a pity no imagoes were reared from the larve. It appears 
probable that the species is badly named, for it evidently has no 
connection with epilepsy. In any event, much remains to be learned 
regarding it. 





BOOK NOTICE. 


CHECK List OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF BoREAL AMERICA.—By John B. 
Smith, Sc. D., Professor of Entomology, Rutgers College, assisted by 
Henry Skinner, M.D., and W. D. Kearfoot (Kearfott), Philadelphia. 
American Entomological Society, June, 1903. 


Prof. Smith has produced a new edition of his List of 1891, brought 
up to date. There seems a certain savour of rivalry in the appearance of 
this publication immediately after the Washington catalogue (Bull. 52, U. 
S. N. M.), especially as the Edwardsian names for the butterflies are 
again advanced. Still, there may be some excuse for the List in its 
smaller size and more compact form. The absence of a specific index is 
a great disadvantage. Asa whole, the Washington catalogue has been 
copied, with a new set of numbers. There are some divergences, on 
which comment may be made. The most marked is Dr. Skinner’s 
restoration of the Edwardsian names for the butterflies. I am sure this is 
a false position. As I have repeatedly said, there are probably too many 
genera in Dr. Scudder’s system, but they must be fully studied. Prof. 
Grote has shown how it should be done in the Papilio group. A 


wholesale rejection of Dr. Scudder’s work is not the way to solve the 
problem. 

In the Sphingidz Prof. Smith makes a few changes. hardly for the 
better. All the forms of Hemaris tenuis are given specific rank, which 


322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





shows a lack of attention to the work of Prof. Smyth. In the Sat- 
urnide, Attacus, Linn., is preferred to Rothschildia, Grote, and Cado- 
saturnia, Smith, is revived for our American Saturnia. It would have 
been better if these changes had not been made.. The Nolidze are 
interpolated after the Lithosidz, following Sir G. F. Hampson. ‘They are 
really Tineids, as Dr. Chapman and I have shown. In the Nycteolida, 
Larias obliguata, Hy. Edw., again appears. I have been at pains to 
point out that it is a Pyralid, though it is perhaps not surprising that Prof. 
Smith overlooked this, since the species, unfortunately, was omitted in the 
Washington catalogue. Cydosia and Cerathosia again inject themselves 
into the Arctiide, in spite of the proof adduced by Prof. Grote and myself 
that this is not their correct position. The genus Fevarza appears in the 
Agaristidz along with other genera which I refer to the Noctuide, but as 
Fenaria appears also in the Noctuidz (p. 47), it leaves some doubt as to 
Prof. Smith’s point of view. 

In the Noctuide, Prof. Smith’s changes in the specific names will 
prove the most valuable part of thelist. I do not think he gives enough 
weight to Prof. Grote’s work on the generic names; but this does not 
greatly matter in the interim of the appearance of Sir G. F. Hampson’s 
volumes, which will settle these matters, I hope. /sychophora appears in 
the Noctuidz and again in the Geometride. Is this a facetious attempt 
to express the variation in venation which we observed in the species 
Jasciata? Mr. Beutenmiiller gives a new version of Catocala. 

The small families following the Noctuide are practically unchanged. 
I see that Malacosoma pluvialis and M. ambisimilis have fallen into the 
synonymy. I wonder if Prof. Smith ever compared the larve of Cadi- 
Jornica and pluvialis. If he had, he could hardly have made this 
synonymy without comment. May I not justly refer Prof. Smith to the 
words in his own preface: ‘‘It is not for the catalogue-maker to decide 
upon the validity of species and genera except where he has special 
knowledge” ? 

The Geometride, I presume, have not been changed. A/pcterophora 
still masquerades as a Geometrid. though Prof. Smith might have properly 
transferred it to his Noctuid series. In the Limacodide, some unwar- 
ranted changes have been made. A/znuta, Reak., is not Shurtleffti, 
Pack., and Graefii and Jiskeana are not flexuosa; cesonia, crypta and 
flavula are good varieties, not synonyms. Some very bad advice has been 
followed here. 

In the Pyralidz and subsequent groups, Mr. Kearfott is responsible, 
and he follows my catalogue closely. I think it would have been better 
if the catalogue had been followed throughout and’ the same numbers 
retained. Many collectors use the list numbers in correspondence, and 
the divergences introduced will cause a certain inconvenience, not com- 
pensated for by the cases where the changes are an improvement on my 
catalogue. ‘These cases are not numerous, and should have been left for 
a more general revision. Harrison G. Dyar. 


Mailed November 6th, 1903. 


lhe Ganadiay Fontomotogist 


WOE, XOX. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1903. No. 12 


re 

















CLASSIFICATION OF THE FOSSORIAL, PREDACEOUS AND 
PARASITIC WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY 
VESPOIDEA. 


BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M. A:., D: SC.,: ASSISTANT ‘CURATOR, U. S. 
NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


(Paper No. 17.—Continued from Vol. XXXV., p. 310.) 


Tribe I1.—Mutillini. 

This tribe, to the initiated, is readily distinguished by the eyes, which 
are usually quite differently shaped, rarely smooth and shining, and always 
distinctly facetted, although a few females have small ellipsoidal or 
somewhat rounded eyes, as in the tribes Photopsidini and Sphaerophthal- 
mint, and therefore, if the greatest care is not given to other characters, 
could be confused with certain genera in those tribes. 

Table of Genera. 
Males eae Pg artis IES ei ee We Pi se aa es CPM A aR) 
Bema srtmerr arcane vataee vos ree ne eee ae MNS Oe BR ones BO 
1. Eyes not large, oval, ovate or ellipsoidal, never emarginate within, 


distinctly facetted.. £1 Fel aie Bech y Ao REET Aine Pees AS a Teed 
Eyes large, always areinedy anageinate Thin Seen ee eee RN eRe 

2. Apterous or Sra Te rc, ok ane IT nnn on 
Fully. winpedetormns.. vs csi et ede eto ee hte a lee be et Se 
3;, subapterous: or with rudimentary wines... .....eccl. css 2 eon Fe 


Apterous or entirely without wings. 
Thorax with distinct sutures, the scutellum more or less 
differentiated. . Phe ae ‘ said ete At 
Thorax without sutures, the eattellenn not Haleerontatea: entirely 
absent ; eyes small, oval. (Europe, Africa and 
ASIA.) ol einen sincere eo .. Brachymutilla, André, 
Wicitype B. ‘geaandromorsha André.}, 


4. Mandibles dentate. . Pct ot ie ARERR OBtetne Feb cain Sp 
Mandibles edentate, acute at apex. 


324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 





Thorax oblong, narrowed posteriorly, rounded in front, the 
scutellum very minute; eyes small, oval. (North 


ATMETICA:) we Seer eI cia ee .. Morsyma, Fox. 
(T ype M. dgnmeanin Fox.) 
5. Thorax not ob-bell-shaped.. SL ete lee te a TOR Re atest cen 2 Ne. emo 


Thorax ob-bell-shaped, Peers in front the pronotum very short, 
wider than the mesonotum and a little wider than the head. 

Head transverse, the temples narrow ; ocelli wanting ; scutellum 
present ; abdomen spotted with white, the first segment 
narrowed into a slight petiole at base, but broad at apex and 
sessile with the second. (Asia, 

Atrica,)\23.4.0-¢s408 o4.8e5+ 6 soplomutilla, Ashin, cenanav. 
(Type Mutilla perfecta, Radoszk.) 
6. Thorax oblong, but compressed medially at the sides ; head large, 
quadrate, the temples usually very broad, not oblique; ocelli 
distinct ; scutellum indistinctly differentiated. 
(aimee: dealeun so dhws cores ie ae oe WIERECKIAseAShin., . Senreve 
(Type Mutilla dumbrodia, Péring.) 
Thorax oblong, as wide behind as before, or nearly, and only slightly 
compressed at the sides medially ; head .obtrapezoidal, the temples 
oblique ; ocelli subobsolete ; scutellum entirely absent. 
(Africas) dct. 2s 2,52 aie ace Ss. oe a Apteromutilla, “Ashm:., pen now, 
(Type Mutilla aeda, Péring.) 
7. Head large, quadrate, usually much broader than the thorax, the 
thorax oblong quadrate, the sides parallel, or nearly, the front 
angles acute ; mandibles 3-dentate. 

Head armed with a large tooth on each side beneath, the upper 
hind angles acute; scutellum present ; clypeus bidentate ; 
eyes oval, placed anteriorly rather close to the mandibles. 
(North Amertca\2. s<cenos .. Myrmilloides, André. 

“rene Mutilla grandiceps, Blake.) 

Head unarmed, the upper hind angles not acute ; scutellum 

present ; clypeus not bidentate. aus Africa, 


ISTE) a's cts wo 3s ast aoe ae eee ee ..Myrmilla, Wesmael, 
oy pe “Mutilla distincta, Lepel.) 
8. Front wings with only ¢wo cubital cells... 0.1... 060000 e enews 9. 


Front wings with ¢Aree cubital cells, or the third partially formed, 
never entirely absent..., re eb PEs ene Ade! 1 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a25 








g. Not entirely black, the thorax red ; head transverse, rounded behind, 
thevhindiangles notracuiter nt .ps ns aac eptemene aha one) dial oeatal sis a. 6 3, EO: 
Entirely black. 
Head transverse-quadrate, the hind angles acute; mandibles 
bidentate ss.) iss sae wie oc os PSCUGUMeEEOea, Msi eads 
(Type Mutilla Canadensis, Blake.) 
Head transverse, rounded behind, the hind angles not 
ACULE NS odcs ¢ ses resent oe eee » DIMOTphomutillaAshm:,. seu nov. 
(Type Mutilla lunulata, Spinola.) 
to. Head transverse, wider than the thorax; mandibles not long ; 
bidentate atapex. (Europe, Africa.)........ Myrmilla, Wesmael. 
Head transverse-quadrate, wider than the thorax ; mandibles long, 
narrow, arcuate, tridentate at apex. (Africa.)..Labidomilla, André. 
(Type Mutilla tauriceps, Kohl.) 
tr. Mesonotum z7¢/ furrows ; hind tibiz spinous on outer face...... 12. 
Mesonotum w颢hout furrows ; hind tibize not spinous on outer face. 
Not entirely black, the thorax red; front wings with ¢wo recurrent 
nervures ; antennal joints 3 and 4 more than twice longer than 
thicka | (Huropes) sce ade wwe soe nila. Wiesmael 
Entirely black; front wings with only ove recurrent nervure ; 
antennal joints 3 and 4 hardly longer than 
PIC vs ayant o.<timevetoes (?) Dimorphomutilla, Ashm. (partim.) 
12. Mandibles 3-dentate. 
First and second joint of the flagellum not short, fully twice as long 
as thick. (South America.).........Euspinolia, Ashm., g. nov. 
(Type Mutilla chilensis, Spinola.) 
First and second joints of the flagellum short, the first distinctly 


shorter than the second. (Africa.)......Dasylabroides, André. 
(Type Mutilla capensis, Sauss. ) 
73. Antennaysimple, never flabellates’. (fae. ) estes ode cecet ne one 14. 


Antenne abnormal, flabellate. 

Thorax with distinct parapsidal furrows ; the scutellum with a deep 
furrow across the base; front wings with ‘Aree cubital cells. 
(Affies.) 30 vs. = See eeeeete. . PSammotherma,- Latreilles 

(Type Mutilla flabellata, Fabr.) 
14. Front wings with ¢Aree cubital cells, or the third at least partially 
BOTUNE G22. d av tects ge ics geen admis oa) x0 's.c Sipe ainte a evn che ae tie 


326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Front wings with only fwo cubital cells, the third entirely 

O IITETAT EG Sree aceon cee etek ee eas re ae ae aCe eC dan  enT 

15. Scutellum abnormal, conically or triangularly elevated, especially 
mecially at appe xyes! Hee wa sceceree we as aed: lees mnanerede tepeeee wiee See eS 
Scutellum normal, not conically or trianguiarly elevated.........17. 

16. Mesonotum with distinct furrows ; mandibles excised beneath, 
bidentate at apex: abdomen with the first ventral segment carinate 
medially, the hypopygium margined laterally, emarginate at apex. 
(Airicaiyict cond ics So ae ben he me nets hes L LOU ASHICla A Samed gl: 
(Type Mutilla medon, Smith.) 

17. Mesonotum z7¢/ distinct parapsidal furrows, or the furrows indicated 
DOStERIONIY 60 rererpe SETS (x some e che oar otal Shetek me eee Gee eS 
Mesonotum zwéthout parapsidal furrows.............-.. Sia deeeBe 

18. Mandibles beneath, before the middle, excised or sinuated, and 


usually with a process or tooth before the incision............19. 
Mandibles beneath simple, not excised or sinuated, and never with a 
processor tooth beneatin ys 41 25 eon etait sh ete alee eee ele rene eee 

LO Wandibles sDICeMtate ac seridh. etl pe rote ee ee ee ite ere 


Mandibles tridentate. 

Submedian cell longer than the median, the second cubital cell 
more or less triangular, the third large, hexagonal ; first joint of 
the flagellum shorter than the second. (Europe, Africa, 
PASIAN teovis ic raya tetaalicia atk’ “ale atetaeneets esate wearers . Mutilla, Linné. 

igpe M. europaea, Linné.) 

20. Submedian cell longer than the median, rarely equal, the marginal cell 
about twice as long as wide; first joint of the flagellum about as 

long as the second ; hind tibize spinous and also with long hairs, 

(North and SoutheaAmerica pics... wise erteieeist Timulla, Ashmead. 

(Lype Mutilla dubitata, Smith.) 
Submedian and median cells equal, the marginal cell not much longer 
than wide ; first joint of the flagellum distinctly shorter than the 


second ; hind tibize zof spinous, but with long hairs, 
(EXGrOPe.) in. at. saan. 3 +, +o Bee a Oat eo ne EDICT OMI VE Gy ok OMISGHe 


(Type Mutilla rufipes, Latr.) 


21. 


22) 


24. 


zich 


26. 


27. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. O2T 








Nani bless tridembate ss. om satel kee ae IS key eevee 5d 223 
Mandibles bidentate. 

Submedian cell longer than the median; disc of clypeus subconvex; 
first joint of the flagellum a little shorter than the second ; 
second ventral segment normal. (Europe.).....Ronisia, Costa. 

(Type Mutilla brutia, Pet.) 

Second ventral segment carinate, and sometimes dentate posteriorly 
(AMIGA eee tars cso. Soko aa g Sono een a etree Barymutilla, André, 
(Type Mutilla pythia, Smith.) 

Submedian cell longer than the median, the third cubital cell 


pentagonal. (Africa.).............(?) Dolichomutilla, Ashmead. 
Scutellumeand metathorax normal, unaumed<s- =. 5... oso meee ese 
Scutellum and metathorax abnormal, armed with teeth..........27. 
Thorax with the front margin slightly arcuate, the angles not acute ; 


front wings with ¢zo recurrent nervures .. APE ee Te. ches 6 
Thorax with the frontal margin slightly concave, the angles acute ; 
front wings with ove recurrent nervure. 

Head transverse, not as wide as the thorax ; mesonotum with 
distinct furrows: median and submedian cells of an equal 
length ; abdomen with a white band. 

(OAS Lally chat Sea cctelcre aid vies Radoszkowskius, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Mutilla simplicifascia, Radoszk.) 
Head subquadrate, wth two tubercles between the antenne, the 
temples broad; recurrent nervures converging and entering the 
second cubital cell close together. 
CATTICAS TS ren teat <ho 0) eR NY te Blakeius, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Mutilla bituberculata, Smith.) 
Head transverse, zwthout tubercles between the antenne, the temples 
not broad; recurrent nervures not converging, widely separated. 
(Atrican) 2 oss sone es. csles, ans timecomutiia, Ashm:, tens new. 
(Type Mutilla purpurata, Smith.) 


Scutellum transverse-quadrate, ¢7zdentate posteriorly; second ventral 


segment armed with a tooth. (Africa.). Péringueya, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Mutilla erynnis, Péring. 

Scutellum large, flat, d¢dentate posteriorly, a tooth at each hind angle 
that curves inwardly ; second ventral. segment normal, unarmed 
(Alirica:) 234: Pek ee ee ane ae. dontomutllas Ashmead 

(Lype Mutilla Saussurei, Sechel.) 


328 


28. 


29. 


30. 


22. 


33: 


34. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Thorax quadrangular, not much narrowed posteriorly, the sides 
parallel or nearly, sometimes laterally slightly sinuate or compressed 
medially, rarely obtrapezoidal. . By ee ner IRE 120: 

Thorax quite differently shaped, most or ety seein besos 
violin-shaped or otherwise, usually narrowed posteriorly or much 
Contracted sat Che'Sides, 4 5 cng. eos ane 5 ee sn eae eer eee ke 

Pygidium not perfectly smooth, usually striate, rugulose, coriaceous 
or punctate, and with a pygidial area, i.e. with an elevated rim at 


the sides. A RPE ert anon Orn erage ape tay GeO es oh 
Pygidium nite RS without a distinct pygidial area, or the 
elevated rim is wanting or exceeding delicate......... ......44. 
Thorax with the tront angles rounded, vot acute. --n... = “ace eee 
horax withmie tronteanGles acute 2s paw sicae nosy. oes ene Se 


. Lateral margins of the thorax and the upper margin of the 


metathoracic truncature dentate or denticulate..............32. 
Lateral margins of the thorax and the upper margin of the meta- 
thoracic truncature usually simple, not dentate at the most, and 
rarely with only the upper margin of the truncature dentate....34. 
Thorax with sides parallel or nearly; head subquadrate, without 
tubercles between the antenne ; mandibles simple, unarmed ; first 
joint of the flagellum obconical, about twice as long as thick, the 
second joint transverse. (Africa.)......(?) Trogaspidia, Ashmead. 
Thorax with side slightly compressed medially ; head large, quadrate, 
with two tubercles between the antenne ; mandibles very long, 
tridentate (two widely-separated teeth within on inner margin) ; 
first joint of the flagellum very long, longer than 2 and 3 united. 
(South America.)..................Euspinolia, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Mutilla chilensis, Spin.) 

Head quadrate, a little wider than the thorax, with ¢wo triangular 
tubercles between the antenne. (Africa.). Blakeius, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Mutilla bituberculata, Smith.) 

Head transverse, not wider than the thorax, wéthout tubercles 
between the antenne. (Asia.)..Radoszkowskius, Ashm., gen. nov. 
(Type Mutilla simplicifascia, Radoszk.) 

Upper margin of the metathoracic truncature armed with three or 
more: teeth ». 0 20h. - SNe aft Fags) travian 5. 
Upper margin a the Derath ones truncature “deecal: necro ah 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 329 





po 


Sue 


aS; 


39: 


40. 


Thorax not twice as long as wide, the upper margin of the truncature 
armed with 3 to 5 teeth; head large, quadrate, the temples very 
broad.) (Africas) x20, 22 400 <: says nb CoMeMeyayeAshiny, gen. TOV. 

(Type Mutilla euterpe, Péring.) 

Thorax a little more than twice longer than wide, the upper margin of 
the truncature armed with about 8 teeth ; head subquadrate, the 
temples not especially broad. 

(Africas Vin mans foe ow ck oe eote a RIStomutilla, Ashe eeu noy: 
ae Mutilla pectinata, Radoszk.) 


. Mandibles at apex vof¢ tridentate. afat Pacha eae 
Mandibles at apex tridentate, the outer tooth the longest (Europe, 
Africa, Asia.).. Ey A eae .. Mutilla, Linné. 
Mandibles zo¢ emarginate ‘beneath ‘uwads Bace, “Mii hHls a process 
OF Projection... oe : . Dinsid “emt eabage stan eueaee Soe 
Mandibles emarginate peneaths doneanals Bias See a process or 
projection before the emargination. (Europe.)....Ronisia, Costa. 


(Type Mutilla brutia, Pet.) 
Head subquadrate or transverse, not or scarcely wider than the 
thorax. 

Mandibles bidentate ; third joint of the antennz not longer than 

the fourth, shorter than the fifth, or no longer. 
(Europe.).. a ........9micromyrme, Thomson. 
Mandibles acuminate. cdenetel rarely with a slight tooth within 
before apex; third joint of the antennz longer than the fourth, 
usually as long as joints 4 and 5 united. (North and South 
PNTITERIGAG tthe PePeee arn r eat Merigeeeehccos0io Oe Timulla, Ashmead. 
Head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax, the temples broad ; 
thorax more than twice longer than wide ; abdomen with two white 
dorsal spots on second segment. (Africa.)...Viereekia, Ashmead. 
Dhorax. Mot escutehcon-shaped. aay iee uc) isirels sc aie mers oth a wre 
Thorax somewhat escutcheon-shaped, sinuately emarginated or 
contracted from about the apical one-fourth, the posterior margin 
and angles rounded ; head transverse, as wide as the thorax ; eyes 


Oval. ((Afriens nies (tee ee ease... Minmrecomutilla,Ashm: 
Thorax ay ahs shaped, without a lateral tooth at the apical 
third . Renae ee By Ge 


Thorax sinuate and ache Sa remed Pec donly ee a lateral taatk 
at the apical third, 


330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Mandibles simple, edentate ; third joint of the antennz obconical, 


hardly longer than thick at apex. 
(Aftica;) 2) Lou ee ees connie. oe OdontomntillaAshmead: 


41. Thorax not hexagonal, usually obpyriform, obovoid, obtrapezoidal or 
violin-shaped . Fe er ge ee ae Rey eet eth IK LOE 
Thorax distinctly Fe ite at the ence a little eae the 
middle, squarely truncate anteriorly. 
Head quadrate, the temples broad ; eyes oblong-oval. 


(Africas) 2.55 oi. fies os 0 dines enOmutilla GA Shine eech anon: 
(Type Mutilla eurydice, Péring.) 
42. Thorax not much elongate, less than thrice as long as wide...... Ag. 


Thorax much elongate, obpyriform, at least thrice as long as wide, or 
even longer; pygidium towards apex usually smooth, shining, the 
pygidial area nearly obliterated. 

Thorax more than thrice as long as wide, coarsely pitted or 
rugose, the front margin rounded, the lateral margin with a 
triangular tooth before the middle; second ventral segment 
with a median tooth ; head subquadrate, hardly as wide as the 
thorax, rounded beh‘nd, the temples broad; mandibles 
acuminate at apex, but with a tooth within near the middle, 
usually not visible when the mandibles are closed. 

CATHCa:) v2 Gye ase moras poe as DOMCHOMTE Ia, Ashmead 

Thorax about thrice as long as wide, but not coarsely sculptured, 
the front margin squarely truncate, the lateral margins without a 
tooth ; second ventral segment unarmed; head transverse, 
not wider than the thorax, the temples narrow ; mandibles 
acuminate, edentate. (Asia.) 5.5... «9. bromecilla; Andre: 

(Type Mutilla regia, Smith.) 

43. Thorax obpyriform, obovoid or subtrapezoidal, narrowed posteriorly. 
Thorax subtrapezoidal ; head subquadrate, rounded behind, the 
temples broad ; eyes small, oval ; mandibles arcuate, acuminate. 

(Africa.). ; ; aes osc g ee DIachymutlia.ieme: 

Thorax site: or Sbpyatonn 

Head quadrate, the temples broad ; eyes ellipsoidal ; mandibles 

conically-pointed ; third antennal joint longer than the fourth, 


but not twice as long as thick. (North 
ATNCTICA.) See ocss uy gree weue igre yp LOL aye blOx 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 331 








Head subglobose ; eyes not small, oval or ovate ; mandibles 
stout, conically-pointed ; third antennal joint fully twice as 
long as thick, obconical, longer than the fourth. (Europe, 
AtiiCae Wie als aac taeak yee Coenen DAS AD TOIGeS, ANAT: 

(Type Mutilla caffree, Smith.) 
44. Thorax more or less contracted at the sides, almost violin-shaped or 
obtrapezoidal ; if somewhat quadangular the sides sinuated....45. 
Thorax quadangular or nearly, trapezoidal or obpyriform........46. 

45. Thorax, seen from above, almost violin-shaped. 

Head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax, the upper hind angles 
acute, beneath armed with a tooth on each side; mandibles 
usually bidentate, rarely simple, the outer tooth the longer. 
(North American): y.5 0. o.<-.. PSeudomethoray Acmmeads 

Head transverse, usually wider than the thorax, but with the hind 
angles rounded and beneath unarmed ; mandibles with a tooth 
within before apex. (South 
America.)..............Dimorphomutilla, Ashmead, gen. nov. 

(Type Mutilla lunulata, Spin.) 

Thorax, seen from above, almost quadangular, with the sides 
bisinuate or crenulate ; head transverse, a little wider than the 
thorax, the cheeks unarmed; eyes ellipsoidal; mandibles bidentate. 


(ATE Ages oot eee ct cette eee Pies get . Barymutilla, André. 
at ype , Mutilla pythia, Smith.) 
46. Thorax not trapezoidai. . Eh aes PE M.g 0s, inapr PeMn een Hee me ATE 


Thorax trapezoidal, slishtly Caeryaed anteriory. 

No median longitudinal carina on thorax, the lateral margins finely 
denticulate ; head large, nearly quadrate, wider than the thorax ; 
eyes oval ; hind tibiz spinous ; scape long, somewhat curved ; 
first joint of the flagellum very long, three or more times longer 
than the second; tarsi long and slender; mandibles large, 
faleate® “CAiitica cd von .. teh k=: o, loabidomilla,- André: 

A feeble median longitudinal carina on thorax, the lateral margins 
not acute, the hind angles acute; head oblong, longer than 
wide ; eyes oval; middle and hind tibiz smooth, not spinous. 
(Hurope, Asia Aitica:)itcoe okie .’. : os Nanomutilla Andre 

(Type Mutilla voucheri, Turn.) 
47. Thorax quadrangular or nearly, the sides parallel or nearly, rarely 
much compressed or sinuate at sides medially ........,...... 48, 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 


— ee 


Sh) 
© 
bo 





Thorax obpyriform or much narrowed posteriorly..............52. 
AS viorax-Quadrang War On mMeanly sa aan cis asshcn si eyo ee: hee 
Thorax about twice as long as wide, the sides more or less com- 
pressed or sinuate medially. 
Head not wider than the thorax ; abdomen ovate, subsessile, the 
second segment large, with two white spots. 

(AtTiCa) 21.5 > shisha ome ae eA pLeroOmMUblilas-Acmimead, 
50. Head somewhat large, but without a tooth on each side beneath, the 
hind angles rounded, not acute; eyes oval or oblong ; antennal 
scape not specially oN a PRs Reb acts a Seema mers rene neconer’ STs 
Head large, with a tooth on each side beneath, fe hind eee acute ; 
eyes oval; antenne rather widely separated, the scape long, the 
third joint very long; mandibles long, narrow, arcuate and 
bidentate at apex. (North America.).......Myrmilloides, André. 
51. Mandibles 3-dentate ; third antennal joint only about twice as long 
as the fourth, or as long as joints 4 and 5 united. (Europe, Africa, 
ASIA). Seed raise = ctmioieunnmninstc. Se nthattcne ase oor tae ahead as Westie: 
Mandibles acuminate at apex, with a tooth within before apex, never 
tridentate ; third antennal joint more than twice longer than the 
fourth...) (europe; Arica) etn acces Edrionotus, Radoszkowski. 
(Type Mutilla capitata, Lucas.) 
. Head not wider than the thorax, strongly concave beneath, the 
margins rimmed ; second abdominal segment anteriorly depressed, 

the depression limited by an oblong cushion. 
(ASIA. \ih ios seve eee oe ee te Okla eve Seb baby nna il aeeeAmueles 
(Type P. quinquefasciata, André.) 


cn 
tN 








A NEW JOINT-WORM PARASITE FROM RUSSIA. 
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, M.A., D.SC., WASHINGTON, D. C. 


Flomoporus Vassiliefi, sp. nov.i— 9 —Length, 2 mm. Head and 
thorax bluish, finely, closely punctured, the face and the pleura with a 
greenish metallic lustre, the metapleura decidedly brassy; antenne brown, 
the scape yellow ; legs concolorous with the thorax, the hind cox with a 
metallic greenish fringe, the apices of all femora, all tibie and tarsi, except 
the last joint, yeliow, the last joint dark fuscous ; wings hyaline, the 
nervures brown, the stigmal vein two-thirds the length of the marginal, the 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333 





postmarginal vein very nearly as long as the marginal ; abdomen aeneous 
black, tinged with metallic green basally at the sides, ovate, somewhat 
pointed at apex, very little longer than the thorax. 

Type.—Cat. No. ro10, U.S. N. M. 

Host.—Hym.: /sosoma eremitum, Portschinsky. 

Hab.—Oufa, Russia. Described from a single specimen, received 
from Mr. Ivan Vassilief, of St. Petersburg. 

Two of the Russian joint-worms described by Portschinsky, namely, 
Lsosoma apterum and f. eremitum, should be relegated to the genus 


Philachyra, Haliday. 





CONCERNING GASTROPHILUS EPILEPSALIS, FRENCH. 
Mr. Washburn’s note in the November number (p. 320) induces me 
to state that Gastrophilus epilepsalis, French, is no Gastrophilus at all ; 
in fact, not the larva of an Céstrid. The figure shows that it is a Muscid 
larva, very probably of Cad/phora, certainly so if the figure is correct. 
The species cannot be identified until more of these forms are reared. 
French’s figure indicates that it is very close tothe European C. vomitoria 
as figured by Piepers. There is no definite character known to identify 
(Estrid larvee, but the larvae of some Muscidz can be separated from the 
(Estride. The larve of Ca//iphora differ somewhat in the structure of 
the mouth from any known (Céstrid larve. That Prof. Washburn had a 
Gastrophilus is quite possible from the habits ; but it is not the G. 

epilepsatis, French. : NATHAN BANKS. 

CORRESPONDENCE. 
S1r,— Please insert the following addition to my paper on Isodontia, 
published in the CaNnapIAN Enromo.ocist for October, 1903 (p 271): 
Tsodontia macrocephala, var. cinerea. Described from four specimens 
taken at Enterprise, Fla.; Columbia, S.C.; Texas, and one without locality. 
These cotypes are in the coilections of the U. S. National Museum, 
American Entomological Society, Mass. Agricultural College, and Dr. W. 
H. Ashmead, the collections from which I received them. 
H. T. FERNALD, 


334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





SOME NEBRASKA BEES. 
BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR. 


Melissodes brevicornis, Cress.— Lincoln, Aug. 12-27, on Zeucrium 
Canadense. The Q differs from the ¢ only in having the face-parts 
black, pubescence on face lighter, segments 2 to 4 only banded; the 
scopa is yellowish. The ¢ ¢ taken all had the tibiz and tarsi entirely 
fulvous. 

Nomada grindelie, Ck\l.— 2. Head and thorax black, shiny, very- 
sparsely punctured ; abdomen red, very sparsely and finely punctured ; 
face covered with decumbent, silvery-white pubescence ; mandibles and 
labrum apically ferruginous ; antenne ferruginous beneath ; mesothorax 
almost impunctate medially ; scutellum sub-bilobate ; pleura of mesothorax 
swollen, whole thorax with white pubescence, especially pleura and 
metathorax ; form more robust thanin ¢. Length 7 mm. 

§ .—The posterior femora have a small tooth beneath, toward base. 

Common at Lincoln in August ; taken on Solidago Missouriensis, 
Grindelia squarrosa; Euphorbia and Lactuca. 

Mr. Pierce informs me that it is probably a parasite of Hadictus 
ligatus, Say. 

Stelis lateralis, Cress —West Point, June 10, ’or. Taken at the 
holes of A/cidamea simplex in rose bushes. 

Neopasites Llinoiensis, Robt.—Lincoln and West Point, Sept. 4 to 
11, on Solidago rigida and Grindelia squarrosa. 

LV. heliopsis, Robt.—West Point and Lincoln, Aug. 30 to Sept. 11, 
on Aster, S. rigida and G. sguarrosa. 

flalictoides marginatus, Cress.—Common at Lincoln and West 
Point in August and September; found on Grindelia, Helianthus, 
Solidago, Teucrium, Bidens. 

Ff, maurus, Cress.—Sioux Co., June, on Campanula. Mr. Viereck, to 
whom this was sent for comparison with Mr. Cresson’s types, informs me 
that the types are all males, and not females, as stated in the original 
description. 

Perdita maura, Ckll_—Many specimens from both Lincoln and 
West Point, but all on Prysadis. Dr. Graenicher writes that he has 
found it burrowing in loamy soil at Milwaukee, Wis., and regards it as an 
oligotropic visitor of /hysadis. Prof. Cockerell writes that it may 
possibly be found on Aster growing in the vicinity of Pysalis, and no 
doubt this was the case in the type material. 


. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sod 





The abdominal segments 2 and 3 or 2-4 have a small white spot on 
each side. 

P. zebrata, Cress.—Scott’s Bluffs, Aug. 14, t90r1, on Cleome. New 
to Nebraska. 

Panurginus Piercei, n. sp.—é. Black, head closely and rather 
coarsely punctured above antenne, sparsely so below ; scape of antenne 
black, coarsely punctured in front ; flagellum dark ; clypeus, labrum, base 
of mandibles, lateral face-marks nearly as high as insertion of antennz 
and broad above, dog’s-ear marks, supra-clypeal area, all tarsi, anterior 
tibize in front, spot at apex of femora in front, base and apex of all tibie, 
yellow ; pubescence of head and thorax rufo-ochraceous, dense on thorax ; 
thorax rather coarsely and sparsely punctured; wings dusky, more so at 
apex; nervures and stigma dark; tegule testacous; metathorax 
roughened, the base irregularly rugose ; base of first abdominal segment 
impunctate, the disc punctured; all the other segments densely and 
strongly punctured, apical margins broadly depressed, shiny and 
transversely lineolate ; depressed margins at sides and apical segments all 
over with thin whitish hairs ; margin of clypeus and of process of labrum 
black ; clypeus with a median impunctate area, in the middle of which is 
a longitudinal depressed line not quite reaching apex of clypeus. 

Length 8 mm. 

?.—Similar, form broader, punctuation finer; yeilow confined to 
spots on four anterior knees; clypeus without impunctate area and 
depressed line; process of labrum trapezoidal, base much wider than 
apex, slightly emarginate ; wings almost hyaline, nervures testaceous, but 
stigma dark ; first abdominal segment impunctate, lineolation plainer than 
in the ¢; narrow apicai margins of segments testaceous ; segments not so 
plainly depressed ; fimbria and scopa whitish. 

Length 8-9 mm. 

A pair from nest, Lincoln, Nebr., Sept. 7, 1903 (W. D. Pierce, coll.); 
also six other 9 ¢ (not from nests); a ¢ West Point, Nebr., Sept. 12, 
1903, on Bidens (Crawford, coll.). 

Dedicated to Mr. Pierce, who first found the species, in recognition 
of his work on the habits and parasites of bees. 

Differs from P. rudbeckie in its larger size, dark tubercles, presence 
of dog’s-ear marks, clypeus ¢ with depressed median line, instead of “a 
broad median depression, which is impunctate or nearly so.” 

Panurginus Nebrascensis, 0. sp.— g. Black shining labrum, base 
of mandibles, clypeus, lateral face-marks as high as insertion of antenne, 


336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 








supra-clypeal and dog’s-ear marks, a line in front of scape of antenne, spot 
on tubercles, knees, front tibiz except black line on rear, base and apex 
of intermediate and rear tibie, and all tarsi, lemon-yellow ; face with 
sparse large punctures as high as antennze, above this closely and more 
finely punctured ; vertex and head behind eyes with sparse, large and deep 
punctures ; pubescence of head and thorax sparse, whitish ; mesothorax 
with rather jarge but not close punctures; scutellum with coarse 
punctures ; postscutellum closely and more finely punctured ; base of 
metathorax enclosed, longitudinally striate; truncation and sides dull 
from fine, close punctures ; sides of mesothorax shiny, and with coarser 
and sparser punctures ; tegulz testaceous ; wings dusky, darker apically ; 
base of abdominal segment smooth, beyond with rather close punctures ; 
apices of segments depressed and transversely striatulate; segments 
beyond first closely and fineiy punctured, abdominal segments clothed 
with very short yeliowish pubescence, visible only in certain lights. 

?.—Similar, but lacking yellow marks of male ; mesothorax more 
finely and sparsely punctured; punctures of truncation of metathorax of 
pleura finer; first abdominal segment almost impunctate ; abdomen 
lacking the pubescence of ¢; anal fringe reddish ; scopa whitish. 

Lincoln and West Point, Nebr.: on Solidago rigida and S. 
Missouriensis, and also Grindélia squarrosa. Aug. 24 to Sept. 11, 
20° ¢’s, 8: 2’s. Sexes in copula: 

Andrena Alicie, Robt.— A single specimen on Sidens chrysanthem- 
oides, Sept 19, 1903, at West Point. New to Nebr. 

Our other fall Andrenas are pulchella, helianthi, solidaginis, nubecula 
aud two apparently undescribed species. 

Sphecodogastra Texana, Cress.—-Lincoln, Sept.; on Grindelia ; West 
Point, Oct. 

Halictus aberrans,n.sp.—Q. Black, shiny, with thin pubescence ; 
head finely and closely punctured ; thorax rather sparsely and finely 
punctured ; clypeus sparsely punctured ; antenne dark ; tegule black, 
externally honey coloured; wings slightly milky and nervures honey 
colour ; legs black, with a very thin loose scopa of silvery-white hairs ; 
base of metathorax finely irregularly wrinkled ; abdomen very shiny, finely 
and sparsely punctured, punctures more dense toward bases of segments, 
margins of segments light testaceous, and with bands of white hair on 
segments one to four, 

Length about 9 mm. 

Three specimens: Sioux Co., Nebr., June 3, on Symphoricarpos ; 
Crawford, Nebr., July 28, on Cleome; Manitou, Colo. 


v9 
oe) 
aI 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





A NEW GENUS OF BEES. 
BY J. C. CRAWFORD, JR., WEST POINT, NEBR. 

Protandrenopsis, new genus.—Labial palpi four-jointed, 1 about 
twice as long as 2~4 together, 2-4 slightly decreasing in length; maxillary 
palpi 6-jointed, r and 2 subequal, longer than any of the following joints ; 
3, 5 and 6 subequal, 4 slightly longer; tongue long, lanceolate ; 
mandibles simple ; labrum transverse, process of jabrum large, almost 
covering labrum; fovee present, small; stigma large, well developed, 
nearly two-thirds the length of the obliquely truncate, subappendiculate 
marginal cell, which is about as long as the two submarginals together ; 
second submarginal fully one-third longer than the first, receiving the first 
recurrent nervure about one-third from base and the second near apex ; 
median cell along the median nervure, a little longer than the submedian, 
the transverse median nervure joining the median just before the origin 
of the basal nervure ; scopa on posterior tibiz, first joint of tarsi and on 
venter. 

Type, the following species : 

Protandrenopsis fuscipennis, n. sp. § .—Black, somewhat shining, 
almost entirely nude, the pubescence being confined to the golden- 
yellowish anal fringe and scopa on legs, a little inconspicuous pubescence 
around insertion of antennz and on vertex, a line on prothorax passing 
around behind tubercles, some yellowish pubescence on rear of head, on 
under side of insect and a few plumose hairs at extreme side of abdominal 
segments ; all pubescence inconspicuous and not showing from above, 
except fimbria and scopa; head closely and rather coarsely punctured, 
more coarsely so on sides of face ; process of labrum very large, concave, 
the anterior margin bent upwards, process smooth and shining, basally a 
little roughened and with a median ridge, apically subemarginate ; rest of 
labrum covered with yellowish pubescence ; foveze narrow, short, deep, 
the lower end nearer eye than the upper; mandibles black, obscurely 
reddish medially ; mesothorax coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, the 
pleura confluently so; sides of metathorax finely roughened, the 
truncation closely and finely punctate, becoming sparse and coarse at 
top, laterally ; base of metathorax narrow, rounded behind and bounded 
by a carina; behind this an impunctate space; enclosed base with 
coarse, quite regular rugee, almost what is called a transverse row of 
shallow pits in the genus Co//efes; wings very deeply infuscated ; 
hervures and stigma blackish ; tegule black anteriorly, dark testaceous 


338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 








posteriorly ; legs black, anterior coxe each with a long pubescent spine on 
the inside behind trochanters, anterior and middle knees with a yellow 
spot, their femora thickened and keel-shaped beneath ; Inner spur of hind 
tibize finely serrate ; scopa golden-yellowish, more reddish on tarsi, first 
joint of hind tarsi produced to a free apex reaching tip of second joint ; 
abdomen coarsely and rather closely: punctate, the apical margins of 
segments 1~4 broadly depressed, shining, somewhat lineolate ; at sides of 
segment 2 a small, oval, depressed spot ; the part of the segment covered 
by the preceding segment is finely lineolate and the posterior margin 
finely punctured ; this covered portion produced at each side of segments 
2-4 as a finely-punctured triangle with the apex posterior ; venter black, 
apical half of segments closely punctured, scopa yellowish, 

Length ro mm. 

Two specimens collected by the author at West Point, Nebr., Sept. 
18 and 20, 1903, on Sidens chrysanthemoides. 

ft unknown. 

The intense black colour, unrelieved by any pubescence, and the 
very dark wings, make this a conspicuous insect. Viewed from above, it 
is all black except the fimbria and scopa on legs. 

The generic name Is given on account of the similarity to Protandrena 
in venation, in facial characters and general characteristics. It has a very 
different tongue, however. 

In Ashmead’s table this would run to Paxurgide to number 6, but 
differs from either division under that in having the second submarginal 
much longer than the first. It is, I consider, a long-tongued Andrenid 
with but two submarginals, more closely related to Protandrena than any 
other genus, but the tongue about as in Panurginus, which genus,it is inter- 
esting to note, has similar fovez, and a large species of which would look 
very similar to Protandrenopsis @. From the yellow knees of fuscipennis 
2 I should imagine that the ¢ has more or less yellow on the face. 





Dr. L. O. Howarp, Chief Entomologist of the Department of 
Agriculture, Washington, delivered at Toronto, on Saturday, November 
7th, a lecture on ‘‘Some International Work with Insects.” It was given 
under the auspices of the Canadian Institute, in the new medical building 
of the Toronto University, and was the first of a series provided for by a 
gift from Sir Sandford Fleming. The lecture attracted much attention, 
and long reports of it were given in the Toronto daily papers on the 
Monday following. 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339 





MISCELLANEOUS ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. 
BY H. H. LYMAN, MONTREAL. 


There must be many facts known to entomologists which, though 
not sufficiently important to work up into an article for the entomological 
magazines, are still of much interest, and worthy of publication, and I 
would like to suggest that a page or part of a page at the end of each 
number of the “ CanaDIAN ENromo.ocist” be set aside for this purpose, 
and that correspondents be invited to send brief notes of rare captures or 
other interesting items.* 

NEMEOPHILA SCUDDERI, Pack. 

In July, 1890, when at Nepigon, I obtained eggs of this species, 
which had been described by the late Henry Edwards under the name 
Selwynti,f and carried the larve through to imago, and in Can. ENT., 
XXV., 248, published a paper on the preparatory stages of this species. 
On account of my rapid travelling across the continent and back again to 
Montreal, and being much occupied in collecting Lepidoptera and plants, 
sight-seeing and photographing, I was not able to give these larve very 
close attention, and was afraid that I had missed some of the moults, but 
as Dr. Fletcher expressed the opinion that if I had descriptions of four 
mults, that was probably all there were, I ventured to publish my notes ; 
but in 1895 Dr. Fletcher kindly sent me a moth and 12 eggs of the form 
found at Olds, N.-W. T. These I failed to carry to imago, but carried 
two past 7th moult, and so found that my previous observations had been 
inadequate. In 1g02 I was again indebted to Dr. Fletcher for eggs from 
Banff, and carried seven to imago, getting some nice variations, but as I 
was exceedingly busy, and knew that Dr. Fletcher and Mr. Gibson were 
also rearing the species, I did not take any further notes. 

Ecc or ALBuna Torva, Hy. Edw. 

A female of this species having been captured on a flower by one of 
those present at the excursion of the Montreal Branch of the Ent. Soc. 
Ont., to St. Adele, Q., on 6th June, 1896, the writer secured it and 
obtained about 55 eggs, which were laid loose and all at once. 

Length, .875 mm.; width, .625 mm. 

Rather almond shaped, or somewhat like a hen’s egg, except that the 
transverse section would be oval. Perfectly smooth and shining. Light 





*Th2 Editor will always be pleased to receive notes of this kind for publication. 
tIn Dyar’s Catalogue this name is erroneously credited to Neumoegen, 


340 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





brown in colour. On r4th June, eight days after being laid, they 
appeared to be shrivelling as though infertile. They, however, hatched 
on 2oth June. Egg period 14 days. 

EGG AND YouNnG Larva oF HEpPIALUS ARGENTEOMACULATUS, Harris. 

Laid on 15th July, 1896. Length, .75 mm.; width, .58 mm. 

Rather even oval. Smooth, under a 24-inch objective seen to be 
very slightly roughened. 

White when laid, soon turning black. 

Hatched about 7th August. Egg period about 23 days. 

Length, 1.75 mm. Head rather large, it and the plate on first 
thoracic segment dark brown. Body slender, creamy white, with simple 
sete as long as or longer than the diameter of the body. 

PaPILio BREVICAUDA, Saunders, 

At the annual meeting in 1898, Mr. Winn read a paper on this 
species, and Dr. Fyles, in commenting on it, as reported on p. 38 of the 
29th Annual Report, stated that he had found the larvz hard to please. 
He did not mention whether he had tried parsley. 

I never had so large a percentage of success with any other species. 
I received that year, from Mr. D. Brainerd, two eggs out of five which 
Mr. Winn sent him, which duly hatched, and I carried both larvee 
through to imago without the least difficulty, I took them with me to 
the meeting of the A. A. A. S. in Boston, and afterwards to Prout’s Neck, 
Me. At Prout’s Neck I found an umbelliferous plant which they 
preferred to parsley, though when [ returned home I fed them on parsley 
again. Both imagos are now in my collection. 

TuHecia Titus, Fabr. 

A fine female was taken in 1896, probably in August, and confined 
with wild cherry. Five eggs were laid, three on the leaves near the edge 
and two on the twig, one on each side of the base of a leaf petiole. 

The egg is round, Sea Urchin shape; 1 mm. in diameter. The 
projections are coarser, and much closer together than shown in Scudder’s 
Fig. 11, Plate 65. One was pale yellow, the others considerably tinged 
with orange. 

In the spring all the eggs were found to be more or less chipped at 
the micropyle ; one had the whole micropyle bitten out, and the larva 
could be seen inside the shell, but it was apparently dead, as there was 
no movement, and none succeeded in getting out. 

I have had the same trouble with the eggs of Lycena Scudderii*, 





*Can. Ent., SOX Ve, 1276 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 341 





and do not know how to account for it, unless it be that these eggs with 
thick shells and heavy sculpture, in which these species pass the winter, 
require to be softened by the carbonic acid washed down by the rain before 
the young larva can eat its way out. 





THE AUTHORSHIP OF PSEUDANARTA: 
BY THE LATE A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. 


[In our September number, page 257, the late Professor Grote, in his 
‘“‘ Corrections and Notes on Dr. Dyar’s List of Noctuids,” stated : 


“124. As Ihave shown in these pages, the citation to Psewdanarta 
of Hy. Edwards is spurious.” At the time he wrote these words he had 
sent us the following paper, and supposed that it would have been 
published before these “‘ Corrections ” appeared.—Ep. C. E. | 

The history of the generic term Pseudanarta is as follows : 

1878. Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. 178: crocea (flava) sole species, 
and therefore type. 

1882. Grote, New Check List, New York, 27: flava, var. crocea, 
singula, flavidens, aurea. The genus is credited without citation to Hy. 
Edwards, under the mistaken idea, derived from a previous corre- 
spondence, that this writer had used or described the genus. The name 
Pseudanarta was originally proposed in letters by Grote for Edwards’s 
Anarta crocea,in which the eyes are naked, the tibie unarmed, and 
which is, in reality, as originally stated by Grote, allied to Hadena, Led., 
nec Schrank. 

1889. J. B. Smith, Ent. Amer., V., 175: falcata, aurea, flava (crocea), 
singula, flavidens. The citation to Hy. Edwards is now supplied and 
reference is made to: ‘‘ Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci,, Vol. 6, p. 133, 1875.” But 
this page contains the original description of Anarta crocea, and no 
mention is there made of Pseudanarta. ‘This specific description refers to 
what is only a probable variety of the previously described -ladena flava, 
Grote. After examination of the communications of Hy. Edwards to the 
California Academy: ‘“‘ Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, Nos. 1 to 22” (all 
published), no mention of Pseudanarta is found inany one of them. ‘This 
citation by Prof. Smith in 1889 justified the subsequent use of Hy. 
Edwards’s name as author in the absence of a verification. The erroneous 
citation is twice repeated in the Washington Catalogue, p. 148, and must 
have been made without consulting the text. It was probably supplied 


to support Grote’s incorrect use of Hy. Edwards’s name as authority for 
Pseudanarta in the first instance. 


342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





NOTES, ON THE ENTOMOLOGY OF PECOS, NEW MEXICO} 
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO, 


1. Zwo bees with unexpected habits. 


ffalictus galpinsia, n. sp. 

Halictus amicus, var. a, Ckll., An. Mag. Nat. Hist., Jan., 1got, p. 
126. 

A single specimen was collected one evening at Las Vegas, at a 
flower of Gaura coccinea. I then remarked of it: ‘ Face narrower than 
type ; possibly a distinct species.” It seemed strange that it should be 
visiting the Gaza, but it did not occur to me that I had a genuinely 
vespertine bee. On June 22, 1903, at Pecos, I was astonished to see a 
number of bees busily collecting pollen from the flowers of Gadpinsia 
fendleri (a large yellow evening primrose) after sunset, at 7.30 p.m. I 
collected some, and found that they were my ‘ Hadictus amicus, var. a,” 
which is evidently a distinct species. It is readily known from HZ amicus 
by the narrower face and more sparsely punctured clypeus. It belongs to 
Robertson’s genus Avy/aeus, and is distinguished from the species in his 
table by the following combination of characters: Abdomen pruinose 
with white hair, the thin pubescent fasciz entire ; first segment shining, 
distinctly but minutely punctured ; hind spur of hind tibia with five teeth, 
the basal three very long ; enclosure of metathorax minutely cancellate, 
semi-lunar, concave, with a raised rim; stigma large, reddish-honey- 
colour. The scape is very long ; flagellum dark, faintly brownish beneath 
at the end. The type specimen is from Pecos. 


FHalictus ovaticeps, Ckll., 1898. 

Pecos, N. M., at flowers of Castz/leta integra, June 23 and 24 (W. 
P. Cockerell.) 

This peculiar bee was known only bya single example, taken at 
Santa Fé. My wife has rediscovered it, and has ascertained that it 
habitually visits the Casts//eca, which has not been considered a bee- 
flower at all. (Compare Robertson, Trans. St. Louis Acad., 1891, p.'598.) 


2. A new Aphid on Lonicera. 
Rhopalosiphum Grabhamt, n. sp. 
2 Winged form: Spread of wings 8% mm., length af body about 
2 mm., of antenne about 2 mm.; measurements in yz: Antennal joints 
(1) go, (2) 60, (3) 670, (4) 430, (5) 360, (6a) 120, (6b) 650; marginal 
cell about 850 long; radius 3 to branch (radius 1+2) 800, cauda 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 343 








broad and thick, about 220 long, 330 broad; nectaries about 350 long, 
strongly swollen in the middle. Body entirely shining dark olive-brown, 
without markings; legs whitish, suffused with gray, apical portion of 
femora darkened ; antenne pale ; wings hyaline, including veins ; beak 
short, reaching only about half-way to middle coxe ; frontal tubercles very 
distinct ; third and fourth antennal joints with very numerous sensoria, 
over 30 visible in one view on third, 17 in a row on under side, where 
they are most numerous. 

Pupa with abdomen purplish; immature forms show very minute 
tubercles on abdomen. 

Larva dark green ; abdomen more or less tuberculate. 

Hab.—Pecos, N. M., June 7, 1903 (Dr. M. Grabham). On Lonicera 
involucrata, curling the leaves, the affected parts of which become deep 
crimson above, the veins white. The first stage of change consists of 
greenish-yellow spots, which give way to crimson. The effect on the 
plant is very like that of Rhopalosiphum ribis on Ribes. 





A NEW NORTH AMERICAN CATOCALA. 


Professor N. J. Kusnezov, of St. Petersburg, Russia, has recently 
described a new Catocala from Texas, with four figures. <A reprint of the 
description of the species may be of interest to American collectors, hence 
I reproduce it below : 

““ Catocala orba, Kusnezov.—Expanse of male 48 mm; size of 
C. Judith, Strecker. 

‘* Antenne of male ciliate, gray, scaled above, with slight tuftings of 
hair below. (Palpi broken off.) Front densely covered with whitish-gray 
hairs. Patagia and front parts of tegule and mesothorax dark brown ; 
vertex gray ; the rest of tegule, nota, and crest on metathorax, whitish- 
gray. Upper part, sides and crests of the abdominal somites dark gray ; 
anal tuft long, dark gray, lighter below. Thorax on the under side and 
femora thickly clothed with long, dirty white hairs and scales. (Fore 
tibie broken off.) Middle and hind tibie and tarsi gray, spotted and 
ringed with black. First pair of spurs of hind tibiz very long and acute. 

‘Fore wings on the upper side pale gray (resembling somewhat the 
colour of fresh specimens of C. concumbens, Walker), greatly suffused on 
costa and at base of wings with white scales; darker in terminal area. 
Transverse lines visible, but very indistinct, Basal line fine, angulated ; 


2 


344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





basal dash absent. ‘T. a. line forms a brown spot on the whitish costa 
and two dentations below it; the rest indistinct. Median space with a 
dark spot in the middle of costa, running into the reniform. ‘T. p. line 
visible in its upper part alone, beginning with a dark spot on the white 
costa and forming two subequal dentations, filled inwardly with black ; 
the rest indistinct. Subreniform absent. Reniform dark gray, edged 
with pure white. Subterminal waved line distinct, whitish, separated from 
the t. p. line by alight brownish irregular shade. Marginal lunules very 
smal], almost wanting. Cilia uniformly gray. 

‘“Hind wings on the upper side black, base covered by brownish- 
gray hairs. Cilia at apex dirty whitish, the rest dark gray, 

“Ground colour of wings on the under side black ; fasciz very 
indistinct. 

‘‘Fore wings: base dark grayish-black, basal fascia absent ; post- 
medial and subapical ones visible, more or less regularly excurved ; 
between them, at costa, a large pure white spot ; apex triangular, white, 
suffused with isolated gray scales. Cilia white, with dark streaks from 
extremities of veins. 

‘Hind wings dark grayish-black, a little lighter at base and costa; 
median fascia hardly visible, highly excurved at vein 3, thus forming a 
right-angle. Cilia light gray, with darker median stripe, at apex whitish, 

* Catocala orba belonged to the black-winged group of the genus, 
and resembles C. /udith, Strecker, and its variety, mzranda, H. Edw., 
but is not intimately allied to them, I believe.” 

Here Prof. Kusnezov gives in detail points of difference between 
C. orba and the two named allied forms, which it does not seem necessary 
to repeat. I would add that from a casual glance at the figures the 
upper surface reminds one of C. Robinsoniz, though smaller and with a 
different fringe to hind wings ; and the under side is entirely different. 

G. H. Frencn, Carbondale, Il. 


BOOK NOTICE. 
Recorp oF My Lire Work 1n Entomocoey, by C. R. OsTEN SACKEN, 
Cambridge, Mass.: 1903; pp. 204. 
We desire to thank Baron Osten Sacken very heartily for sending us _ 
a copy of his autobiographical memoirs, which we have read _ with 
absorbing interest. ‘To us who enjoyed his friendship or acquaintance 
more than a quarter of a century ago, these reminiscenses of the leading 


THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 345 





Entomologists of our earlier days, including the author himself, bring back 
the past very vividly and recall many events that had almost passed into 
oblivion. 

The Baron divides the record of his life into three periods, each of 
almost equal length. He was born in St. Petersburg, on the 21st of 
August, 1828, and began to take an interest in entomology at the early 
age of eleven. When twenty-one he entered into the service of the 
Imperial Foreign Office. During this period he collected all orders of 
insects except Lepidoptera, and published two papers on Tipulide, 
and a pamphlet of 166 pages, in Russian, contained a general survey of 
the insect fauna of the environs of St. Petersburg. 

The second period of his career embraces the twenty-one years spent 
in the United States (1856-1877), during which he was Secretary of the 
Russian Legation, and afterwards Consul General of Russia in New York. 
In 1871 he resigned his official position and made several visits to 
Europe ; for the last four years he lived as a private citizen in the United 
States. This was the period of his greatest scientific activity, and was 
made memorable by the preparation and publicaticn of his well-known 
works on North American Diptera, which paved the way for all 
subsequent students of this order. 

A great part of his time, he tells us, was taken up “in acting as a 
purveyor of material for Dr. H. Loew to work upon, and as a translator 
and editor of his manuscripts,” which were published by the Smithsonian 
Institution. These volumes evidently owe a great deal of their value to 
Baron Osten Sacken’s careful work, without which, indeed, they could 
never have been fitted for publication. His own earliest work in America 
was his Catalogue of the described Diptera, which was published by the 
Smithsonian Institution in 1858, and was the third of its long series of 
entomological works, which have been such a priceless boon to all 
students in this department of national science. Twenty years later, 
after doing more than any other person to advance the knowledge of 
North American Diptera by his collections, researches and publications, 
he concluded his labours on this side of the Atlantic by the issue of a 
second Catalogue, a critical one, of the order ; this also was published by 
the same Institution. 

The third period of his life, which, we trust, may not be closed for 
many years to come, has been spent almost entirely at Heidelberg, in 
Germany. His first proceeding was to go to Guben, the residence of 


346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 





Loew, now an old and broken-down man, and arrange for the packing and 
transmittal of the magnificent collection of North American Diptera 
which had been accumulated there, to the Museum at Cambridge, 
Massachusetts. It contained the original types of all the species described 
by Loew, about 1,300 in number, and about 1,600 other species. Most, 


if not all, of these specimens had been sent to Loew by the Baron, with 
the distinct understanding that they were eventually to be returned to the 
United States. It may be mentioned that Dr. Loew was well paid for all 
his services, and that this invaluable collection reached its destination in 
safety. After accomplishing this task, which, under all the circumstances, 
was no easy one, the Baron settled down at Heidelberg and continued his 
studies and researches, extending his field of observation to all parts of 
the world, and publishing a long series of notable essays and papers as 
the years went by. 

The present “ Record” consists of two parts ; the first contains a 
brief introductory sketch of the author’s life ; the second, which is very 
much longer, is composed of “twenty-four chapters on_ historical, 
biographical, critical and purely entomological subjects connected with 
his work”; the third part, not yet published, wi!l contain a complete list 
of all his publications. The most interesting feature of the second part, 
to one who is not a Dipterist, is the author’s description of many notable 
Entomologists with whom he was more or less intimately associated. 
Chief among these was Dr. H. Loew, with whom he was in constant 
correspondence for over twenty years, and in whose work he took so large 
and important ashare. This is somewhat painful reading, inasmuch as 
Loew seems to have been largely affected by selfish motives and jealousy 
of others, and to have lacked the straightforwardness and candour that 
might have been looked for in so eminent a man; at the same time the 
author closes his account by stating that he is “ entitled to a piace, not 
only among the heroes, but also among the martyrs of science.” 

The briefer notices of others are very delightful, namely, of Kennicott, 
Walsh, Bassett, Le Baron and Hagen, among American Entomologists, 
and of Haliday, Winnertz, Zeller, Rondani and others of European fame. 
Portraits are given of Haliday and Loew, and a facsimile of the mar- 
vellously minute caligraphy of the latter, showing 132 lines of written 
matter on an ordinary sheet of foolscap paper ! 

In this “* Record of His Life” Baron Osten Sacken has certainly 
given us a volume of very great interest and also of much historical value. 
From its pages one learns to appreciate more than ever the excellence of 
the author’s scientific work and the unselfish spirit in which he ever 
devoted himself to it. As he truly says: “The best part of my work is 
that which has assisted and stimulated the work of others, and I am 
conscious at the same time that ¢#at part of my work is the largest.” 








Mailed December 4th, 1903. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXxXV. 


Acinopterus acuminatus, var. brunneus, 
Me Vargas 
Acinopterus acuminatus, var. 
gatus, nN. Var., 231. 
Acinopterus acuminatus, var. viridis, 
MN N ios AIC 
Acknowledgments, 35, 66, 108. 
Acronycta tartarea, n. sp., 127. 
fEgialites debilis, 125. 
fEnigmatias, occurrence in America of 
the Phorid genus, 20. 
Enigmatias Schwarzit, n. sp., 21. 
Holothynnus, n. gen., tor. 
Aglia tau larva, 46, 88. 
Agrilus mercurius, n. sp., 70. 
se pinalicus, n, sp., 69. 
Albuna torva, egg of, 339. 
AtcpRIcH, J. M., articles By,) 20358 204) 
Aleurodes Marlatti, n. sp., 61. 
ate Spinifera, n. sp., 63. 
Aleurodidze, life-histories of two new 
Oriental, 61. 
Aleyrodes Packardi, n. sp., 25 (plate). 
Aleyrodes, the Strawberry, life-history 
and description, 25 (plate). 
Aleyrodes vaporariorum, 25. 
Anarta crocea, 341. 
Anaphorids, notes on, 76. 
Andrena albofoveata, n. sp., 166. 
oo be Alcremeao: 
Cockerelli, n. sp., 163. 
Milwaukeensis, n. sp., 164. 
See CHASPer, espe) Woe 
virburnella, n. sp., 165. 
Andreus, n. gen., 156. 
se Abbottit, n. sp., 156. 
Anopheles annulimanus, 208. 
ss Barberi, n. sp., 310. 
Sinensis vanus, 84. 
Anopheles, new, with unspotted wings, 
310. 
Anthrocera larva, 45. 
Apantesis (Arctia), notes on Canadian 
species, 111, 143 (plate.) 
Apantesis Anna, 119. 
ss “var. persephone, 119. 


varie- 


oe 





oe 122 


arge, 122. 
Bolanderi, 144. | 
Apantesis Celia, description of larva, | 
150. 
Apantesis figurata, 152. 
ot Michabo, 116. 
&6 a var. minea, 116. | 


ae 


fs nais, 153. 


Apantesis Nevadensis, var. incorrupta, 
145. 

Apantesis obliterata, 144. 

Apantesis ornata, description of larva, 
120. 

Apantesis parthenice, 116. 

a phalerata, 154. 
phyllira, 149. 

Quensellii, var. turbans, 143. 

Apantesis  rectilinea, description of 
larva, 117. 

Apantesis superba, 145. 
ae virgo, 113. 

2 “var. citrinaria, 114. 
virguncula, larva, 114. 
vittata, 153: 

Apantesis Williamsii, var. determinata, 
description of larva, 146. 

Aphididae from New Mexico, 167. 
ee List of Californian, 247. 

table of genera, 247. 

Aphis Alamedensts, n. sp., 251. * 

*  ceanotht, n. sp., 250. 

mori, N. Sp., 251. 

table of species, 249. 

Aphrissa statira, 221. 

Apoidea from Montana, (fig's.). 

Apple bud-borer, larva and pupa, 158 
(figs.). 

Apterogyninz, table of genera, 204. 

Apteromutilla, n. gen., 324, 332. 

Aquatic insects in February, 123. 

Aradus luteolus, n. sp., 75, 110. 

Argyroselenis, 284. 

ASHMEAD, W. H., articles by, 3, 39, 
49; 95) 155) 199, 233) 243) 303, 323; 
332- 

Asparagus beetle (12-spotted) in Con- 
necticut, 188. 

Asteroscopus = Brachionycha, 259. 

Atreus plebius=Paratrea plebeja, 207. 

Attaci, note on N. American, 109. 

Aulocara guanieri, 302. 
eS rufum, 302. 

Aulocara, systematic position of the 
Orthopterous genus, 302. 


oe 


ae 


oe 


oe 


ee 


ce 


PI IPs 


BAcoT, A., article by, 44. 

Badynobzeninz, table of genera, 

BALL, E. D., article by, 227. 

BANKS, N., article by, 333. : 

Bees, new genera, 175, 176, Las 
337 


200. 


348 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXvVv. 





Bees, new species, 162, 175, 268, 285. 
“* some Nebraska, 334. 
BETHUNE, C. J.S., articles by, 51, 140, 
141, 266, 267, 293, 204, 344. 
BirD, H., article by, gt. 
Bik. MS (BV Ha Botek 
Blepharoceridz, habits of, 58. 
Bombus atrifasciatus, n. sp., 224. 
ie Cooleyi, n. sp., 222. 
“«  leucomelas, n. sp., 268. 
Book notices, 23, 49, 140, 266, 293, 294, 
321, 344- 
BRADLEY, J. C., articles by, 47, 275. 
Britton, W. E., article by, 188. 
BROOKS, T., article by, 292. 
Bruesia, n. gen., 306. 
BUENO, J. R. de la T., articles by, 123, 


iA Ek 


235: 
Butterfly notes from Toronto, 187. 


Calameuta Sohnsonii, n. Sp. ARE 
Callidryas cipris, 221. 


ss eubule, 221. 
ae philea, 221. 
Callipterus, table of species, 248. 
oe arundicolens, nN. Sp., 249. 


Calosoma Willcoxi, 8o. 

Capsid, a new, 214. 

Caradrina drasterioides, n. sp., 13. 
Carneades = Pleonectopoda, 258. 
Carneades cinereopallidus, n. Sp., 10. 

a: maimes, N. Sp., 131. 

ce tronellus, nN. Sp., 11. 
Casey, Major, my last reply to: 

mann, 74. 

Casey, T. L., article by, 108. 
Cassida viridis, 23, 89. 
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of N. 

America: Dyar, 48, 140, 237, 257. 
Catocala orba, n. sp., 343+ 
CAUDELL, A. N., article by, 302. 
Centrias, n. gen., 176. 

uO Americanus, 176. 

“ —-erigeronis, 176. 
Cephalothynnus, n. gen., 100, 105. 
Cephen, n. gen., 176. 

el) Texanus, 176. 
Ceroplastes rubens, 82. 
Chilocorus similis, 82. 
China, Entomological exploration in, 


Was- 


79- 
Chlorotettix rugicollis, n. sp., 230. 
Chrysis inflata in New Mexico, 262. 
Chrysobothris Piuta, n. sp., 67. 
Chrysops proclivis, 244. 
Chyphotini, table of genera, 202. 








CLARK, AUSTIN H., article by, 219. 
CLARKE, WARREN T., article by, 247. 
Coccidz, Catalogue of: Mrs. Fernald, 


266. 

Coccidz, new records, 191. 
bu new species, 64. 
se notes on, 22. 


COCKERELL, T. D. A., articles by, 38, 
GA LOT. 2052075 202, 342s 

COCKLE, J. W., article by, 139. 

Coleoptera, list of Canadian, 239, 288, 
Bie 

Coleoptera, new species from the 
Western United States, 67. 

Coleoptera, notes on, 89. 

Coleopterous conundrum, 183, 266. 

Colias philodice, white females, 187. 

Collecting in February, a day’s, 123. 

Colour-blindness among Entomologists, 
206. 

Coo_ey, R. A., articles by, 48, 197. 

COQuUILLETT, D. W., articles by, 20, 
189, 218, 255, 261, 272, 310. 

Corethra cinctipes, n. sp., 190. 
“* new genus allied to, 189. 

Corydalis cornuta, meristic variation 
in, 207 (fig.). 

Cosilidz, table of genera, 41. 

Cosmia = Xanthia, 259. 

CRAWFORD, J. C., articles by, 268, 334, 
337: 

Crioceris 12-punctata, 188. 

Crocigrapha Normani, 
17. 

Ctenucha Cressonana, 77. 
3 oe var. lutea, 77. 


life - history, 


ss venosa, 77. 
Cucullia albida, 136. 
US serraticornis, 135. 
ee solidaginis, 135. 
Culex aurifer, n. sp., 255- 
“* cantator, n. sp., 255. 
Culex consobrinus, Do we Know it? 
208, 218, 264, 311. 
Culex Curriei, 312. 
‘* discolor, n. sp., 256. 
‘* impatiens, 208, 218. 
“« inornatus, 208, 218, 264. 
‘“* Kelloggit, n. sp., 211, 261, 311. 
of a larva, 311 (fig.). 
OS AAS, 50s GM HEB 
“<  pinguis, 208, 218. 
‘¢ pipiens, 208, 218, 264. 
‘*  punctor, 208. 
ee atarsalis ecole 
testaceus, 209. 
© Willistoni, 261, 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV. 


bti9 





Culicid genus (new), related to 
Corethra, 189. 
Culicidz and their larvee from Pecos, 


New Mexico, 311 (figs.). 


Deilephila galii, larva, 109. 
Dendroctonus approximatus, 61. 
frontalis, 59. 
monticola, 59. 


a ponderosa, 59. 
OE similis, 60. 
ee 


valens, 61. 

Dimorphomutilla, n. gen., 325, 331. 

Diptera, additions to Quebec list, 234. 
«< from Arizona, 244. 

DoneGE, G. M. article by, 78. 

Driotura gammeroidea, var. fulva, n. 
Vale ale 

Driotura robusta, var. vztfata, n. var., 
231. 

Dryophanta rydbergiana, n. sp., 217. 

Dyar, H. G., articles by, 48, 76, 88, 
273) 275) 321. 


Elidinze, table of genera, 8. 

Embleton Miss Alice L., 265. 
Entomological Club, A. AG AGA SS4 ore= 
port of the Secretary, 535 79: 
Entomological Club, sketch of its 

history, 54. 
Entomological Record: Fletcher, 234. 
Entomological Society of Ontario, an- 
nual meeting, 267. 
Epeclinze, Synopsis of. 
un table of genera, 284. 
Epeolus, table of species, 287. 
Ephestia Kuehniella, 216. 
Epismilia = Microweisea, 38. 
Errata, 110, 213. 
Eucorethra, a genus of Culicidz, 272. 
ag Underwoodi, 272. 
Eugastra epiged, i. sp., 71. 
Eulecanium Folsomi, 193. 
Eulecanium pruinosum, 
moides, 196. 
Eulepiste Kearfotti, n. sp., 76. 
Euretagrotis inattenta, 138. 
Euspinolia, n. gen., 325, 328. 
Euthrips tritici in New Mexico, 262. 
Evans, J. D., articles by, 239, 288, 317. 


Ways  iCe5ee 


Feltia Hudsonii, n. sp., 130. 
‘© obliqua, n. sp., 129. 
Feralia Columbiana, n. sp., 9. 











FERNALD, C. H., articles by, 23, 206. 
FERNALD, H. T., articles by, 269, 333. 
FERNALD, Mrs. C. H., articles by, 22, 
go. 
FLETCHER, J., article by, roo. 
Forest-insect explorations, 59. 
FRENCH, G. H., article by, 343. 
FyLes, T. W., articles by, 23, 


Gastrophilus epilepsalis, 320, 333: 
GiBsON, ARTHUR, articles by, 1 
Gnathias, n. gen., 175. 

ce cuneatus, N. Sp.» 175, 176. 

oS ovatus, N. Sp., 175, 176. 

es table of species, 175. 
Grabhamia Curriei, 312. 

s vittata, N. Sp., 313- 

BS ‘* larva, 315 (fig.). 
GRAENICHER, S., article by, 162. 
GRoTE, A. R., articles by, 77, 109, 139, 

AUT ZB) ASV) Sipe 
Grote, Professor A. R., death of, 
Guerinius, n. gen., 100. 
Gynandromorphism in Lucanus elaphus, 

205 (fig.). 


Hadena (Xylophasia) cerivana, 134. 

se oS Sorte is Koen wei 
Halictoides marginatus, 334. 

i Maurus, 334. 

Hlalictus aberrans, n. sp., 330. 

oe amicus, var., 342. 
galpinsi@, 0. Sp., 342. 
ovaliceps, 342. 
HARRINGTON, W. H., 

37) 89. 
Hedychridium amabile, n. 
Hemaris tityus, larva, 45. 
Hemithynnus, n. gen., 101, 107. 
Hepialus argenteomaculatus, egg 

young larva of, 340. 
Hessian Fly reared in laboratory, 316. 
HINE, J. S., article by, 244. 
Hlolonomada, n. gen., 177- 

ee table of species, 177. 

Homoporus Vassiliefi, n. sp., 332: 
Homoptera, new N. American, 227. 
Hopkins, A. D., article by, 59. 
Hormisa=Litognatha, 237. 
House-boat collecting trip in China, 79. 
HowarbD, L. O., article by, 138. 

as ** lecture at Toronto, 338. 
Hydreecia appassionata, 91. 

Gh purpurifascia, 92. 


oe 


oe 


articles by, 15, 


Sp., 262. 


and 


| Hyles euphorbiz larva, 45. 


300 





INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV. 





Hymenoptera, new Phytophagous, 233. 
Hyménopteres d'Europe et d’Algerie, 
Les Mutillides: André, 40. 
Hypolepus Viereckii, n. sp., 47. 
Hypolimnas misippus, 292. 


Insect Life, Elementary Studies in: 
Hunter, 142. 

Insect World, The : Nawa, 294. 

Insects used medicinally in China, 86. 


Isodontia apicalis, 269. 


HS eiegans, 269. 

ss Azteca, 269. 

P exornata, 1. Sp., 270 
oe 


macrocephala, 269. 
Isodontia macrocephala, var. 

ily Wty vpn SIGE 
Isodontia tibialis, 269. 

ss table of species, 269. 
Isosoma apterum, 333. 

ut eremitum, 333. 
Lsotiphia, n. gen., 43. 


ve nigra, 1. Sp., 43- 


cinerea, 


JOHNSON, W.G., article by, 216. 
Joint-worm Parasite from Russia, 332. 


KEEN, J. H., article by, 125. 
KING, G. B., article by, 191. 
Alugianus, n. gen., 102. 
KUSNEZOV, N. J., article by, 343. 


Lasiocampa quercus, larva, 45. 


Lepidoptera of North America, List of : 
Dyar, 48, 140, 237, 257- 

Lepidoptera of N. America, List of : 
Smith, 3 321. 


a Ra in British Columbia, 275. 
Lepidosaphes versus Mytilaspis, 90. 
Leptomydas venosus, 245, 
Leucospilomutilla, n. gen., 310. 
Liburnia Slossoni, n. sp., 231. 
Lucanus elaphus, Gynandromorphism 
in, 205 (fig.). 
Lyczena comyntas, 187. 
o Scudderii, 187. 
Lygus Chagnoni, n. sp., 214. 
Lyman, H. H., article by, 339. 


Mamestra laudabilis, life-history, 273. 
oS orida, N. Sp. 12 
Marwatt, C. L., articles by, 53, 79. 








Mediterranean Flour-moth, 216. 
Megachile frugalis, 215. 
inimica, 215. 


os mendica, 216. 

‘ montivaga, 215. 
ey pruina, 215. 

ce 


relativa, 216. 

Melissodes brevicornis, 334. 

Methocine, table of genera, 155. 

Microwetsea, n. nom., 38. 

Microweisea, N. American species of, 

38. 

Migration of butterflies, 219. 

Milesia bella, 246. 

Mimecomutilla, n. gen., 327, 329. 

Miscellaneous notes, 339. 

Morrat, J. A., articles by, 35, 66, 108, 
210. 

MorriL, A. W., articles by, 25 (plate), 
222. 

Mutillidze of 
André, 49. 

Mutillidae, table of subfamilies, 303. 

Mutillinae, table of tribes, 304. 

Mutillini, table of genera, 323. 

Mytolepta aurinota, n. sp., 245. 

Myrmosidz, table of subfamilies, 199. 

Myrmosine, table of tribes, 201. 

Myrmosini, table of genera, 201. 

Myzinidz, table of genera, 4. 





Europe 


and Algiers: 


Natural History of the British Lepi- 
doptera: Tutt, 23, 44, 88. 

Nectarophora agrimoniclla, n. sp., 168. 

* baccharidis, n. sp., 254. 
Californica, 1. Sp., 254. 
corallorhize, 1. sp., 167. 
heleniella, n. sp. 169. 
jasmint, . Sp., 252. 
lutea, 167. 
lycopersict, 1. Sp., 253. 
Martini, n. sp., 169. 
rhamni, n. Sp., 254. 
rudbeckize, 167. 
rudbeckiarum, 0. sp., 168. 
solidaginis, 167. 
table of species, 252. 
valeriant@, nN. Sp. 253. 
NEEDHAM, J. G., article by, 36. 
Nemeophila Scudderi, 339. 
Neopasites heliopsis, 334- 

ae Illinoiensis, 334. 
Neophotopsis, n. gen., 306. 
Neuronia = Epineuronia, 25§ 
Nisoniades Llano, n. sp., 78. 
Noctua Trumani, n. sp., 128, 


ee 


8. 


INDEX TO VOLUME XXXV. 


cerrections of Dr. Dyar’s 
237 257- 


new, 


Noctuids, 
List, 
Noctuids, 
(plaie). 
Nomada grindelia, 334. 
as table of species, 178. 
Nomadinz, synopsis of, 172. 
= table of genera, 173. 


for 1903,—9, 127, 


Oak-gall, a new, 217. 

Odontzeus obesus, 89. 

CEcanthus Forbesi, n. sp., 260. 

Ologlyptus Texanus, n. sp., 72. 

Orthoptera of Indiana : Blatchley, 293. 

OSTEN SACKEN, BARON C. R.: Record 
of my life-work in Entomology, 344. 

Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club, Ento- 
mological branch, 89, 


Pachygastria trifolii larva, 45, 88 (fig.). 
Pamphila Leonardus, 188. 
Panurginus Nebrascensis, n. sp., 335+ 

se Prercet, Ni. Sp», 335- 
Papaipema, new histories in, 91. 
Papilio brevicauda, 340. 
Paranomia Venablesiz, n. sp., 243. 
Pecos, N. Mex., Entomology of, 342. 
Pedilophorus acuminatus, 180, 181. 

ae zneolus, £79, 181. 


ee hesperus, n. sp., 180, 182. 
sic Lecontez, n. sp., 180. 

Ot oblongus, 181. 

se subcanus, 182 


Perdita maura, 334. 
ee zebrata, 335. 
Peringueya, n. gen., 329. 
Phenacaspis, n. gen., 48. 
wp nyssz, 48. 
Phenococcus Cockerelli, n. sp. 195. 
Phelpsius collitus, n. sp., 227. 


oe Franconiana, n. sp., 228. 
Ss lippulus, n. sp., 227. 
Ol: pauperculus, n. sp., 228. 


Phloeosinus punctatus, 60. 

Phoebis argante, 221. 

Phor, n. gen., 177. 

PING Sete mlyi7s 

Photopsidini, table of genera, 304. 

Phyllodinus flabellatus, n. sp., 232. 

Physorhinus yucce, 0. sp., 67. 

Pieridz, migration in Venezuela, 219. 

Pine trees, insects injuring, 59. 

Platylabus, Wesmael, the genus, 275. 
eS table of species, 277 (figs.). 
ce Luzernensis, 0. Sp. 279, 282. 








Platylabus metallicus, n. sp., 277, 280. 

Platyphora Lubbocki, 21. 

Podisma, genus, in Eastern North 
America, 295 (plate). 

Podisma glacialis, 295. 

Podisma_ glacialis Canadensis, new 


race, 300. 
Podisma variegata, 295. 
Pontania Bozemant, n. sp., 197 (figs.). 
Preoccupied Names, 38, 90, 207, 213, 

237, 259. 
Pristomutilla, n. gen., 329. 
Protandrenopsts, n. gen., 337. 

ae Suscipennis, 0. SP.. 337+ 

Psammothynnus, n. gen., 102, 106. 
Pseudelurus, n. gen., 99. 
Pseudanaphora mora, 76. 
Pseudanarta, authorship of, 257, 341. 
Pseudelaphroptera, n. Be 101. 
Pseudotiphia, n. gen., 
Psithyrus insularis, 225 


oe 


i seeath 
latitarsus, n. sp., 224 (figs.). 
Ptinidze, new species from Texas, 263. 


Pulvinaria As aa a subsp. 
Betheli, n. subsp., 195. 
Bein nm. gen., IOI, 105. 


Pyrota Dakotana, n. sp., 73. 
QUAINTANCE, A. L., article by, 61. 


Radoszkowskius, n. gen., 327, 328. 
Ranatra fusca, stridulation and habits, 

235. 
Rancora albicinerea, n. sp., 

% albida, 136. 
Brucez, n. sp., 136. 
serraticornis, 135. 
solidaginis, 135. 
strigata, 135. 
Reed, Edmund Baynes, biographical 

sketch and portrait, 51. 
Rhagigasterinz, table of Benet 156. 
Rhopalosiphum Grabhami, n. SPp., 342. 
Rhopalosoma Poeyi, 43. 

* the genus, 43. 

Rhopalosomidz, the family, 43. 
ROBERTSON, C., articles by, 172, 284. 


137: 


Samia Californica, ab. parvimacula, tog. 

SANDERSON, E. D., article by, 158. 

Sapygide, table of genera, 3. 

Sarracenia (Pitcher-plant), 
found in, 91. 

Saunders, W. E., biographical sketch 
and portrait of, 1. 


insects 


352 





Sawfly, a new, 197 (figs.). 
Say, eo? the Tomb of, 94, 138. 
Sayomyia, n. gen., 190. 
oe Pan eHpenRiS: 190. 
Scale insects in China, 82. 
SCHAEFFER, C., article by, 263. 
SCHWARZ, E. A., article by, 54. 
Scoliidze, table of subfamilies, 7. 
Scoliinze, table of genera, 7. 
Scopelosoma Colorado, 138. 
Sesia stellatarum larva, 45. 
Siavana rigida, n. sp., 14. 
Geeoiden.! Arctic, 15. 
SLosson, Mrs. A. T., Brice by, 183. 
Smilia, the Coccinellid genus, 38. 
Smilia = Microweisea, 38. 
SMITH, JOHN B., articles by, 9, 
(plate). 
Sphecodogastra Texana, 336. 
Spiders, Classification of North Ameri- 
can: Comstock, 294. 
Spilomutilla, n. gen., 324. 
Spilothynnus, n. gen., 103, 104. 
Steganoptycha pyricolana, life-history, 
158 (figs.). 
Stelis lateralis, 334. 
STEVENSON, C., articles by, 89, 214. 
Stictococcus, n. gen., 64. 
Sjostedti, n. sp., 
Stretchia = Acerra, 258. 
SweEnk, M. H., article by, 268. 


12i7, 


64. 


Tabanus hyalinipennis, n. sp. 244. 
Tachardia aurantiaca, n. sp., 65. 
Telea polyphemus, ad. flava, 110. 
Telea polyphemus, spinning methods, 

139- . . . 
Tenthredinoidea, Arctic, 15. 
Tetraphotopsis, n. gen., 305. 
Tetrascolia, n. gen., 8. 


Thamnotettix orbonata, n. sp., 22 
“ Shermani, 0. sp., 230. 
a waldana, n. Sp., 22 


Thecla Titus, egg of, 340. 

THEOBALD, F.V., articles by, 211, 311. 
Theobaldia incidens, 311. 

Thynnidz, table of subfamilies, 96. 
Thynnidea, n. gen., 98, 104, 105. 
Thynnine, table of genera, 97. 


| 
| 





INDEX TO VOLUME XXXvV. 





Thyreopus latipes, aberration, 38. 
Tiphiidz, table of genera, 39. 
Titus, E.S. G., articles by, 213, 260. 
Tosquinet, Dr. Pierre-Jules, death 
Oi, 2 
Trichodesma pulchella, n. sp., 264. 
ss Texana, n. sp., 263. 
Triepeolus, table of species, 284. 
a micropygius, N. sp., 286. 
Trifurcula, note on the generic title, 
139. 
Trigonophora= Habryntis, 259. 
Tutt’s ‘‘ British Lepidoptera,”’ 
88. 


23) 445 


Vespoidea, classification of the super- 
family, 3, 39, 95, 155) 199; 303) 
323 
Viereckia, n. gen., 324, 329. 


WALKER, E. M., article by, 295 
(plate). 

WASHBURN, F. L., articles by, 316, 
320. 


WasMann, E., article by, 74. 

Wasmann, Dr., a few last words to: 
Casey, 108. 

Wasp, male with female antennz, 37. 

Wasps, classification of the Fossorial, 
Predaceous and Parasitic, 3, 39, 
95) 155) 199, 393; 323: 

WessTER, F. M., article by, 94. 

Weith, R. J., obituary notice, 36. 

WickuaM, H. F., articles by, 67, 179, 
205, 207. 

WILLIAMS, J. B., article by, 187. 


Xanthidium, n. gen., 177. 


ef dentaria, n. sp., 178. 
ss table of species, 177. 
NXenomutilla, n. gen., 330. 


NXiphydria erythrogaster, n. sp., 233- 
Xylophasia ferens, n. Sp., 134- 
Xylotrechus 4-maculatus, 240. 


Zaspilothynnus, n. FeN., 99, 107+ 





ERRATUM. 


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