aitadiait life
•i^p^ <a/7(3 ^"^
Resourc
OCT., 19O8
Vol. VI. £L No. 10
" The Nineteenth Centnry was the century of the United St»tei i
the Twentieth Centnry will h» Canada's century."
Ten Cents a Copy
$1.00 a Tear
Ocean Yachting' by Two Girls
Down the Peace River on a Raft
A New Iron Mine in Northern Ontario
RESOURCES PUBLISHING CO.. Limited.
MONTREAL, CANADA
CANADA
The Granary of the Empire
IT is everywhere admitted that Western Canada is the Granary of the British
Empire. Nearly 1 00,000,000 bushels of wheat alone are now raised
annually ; this quantity might be increased sevenfold. The fertile land is free ;
climate healthy ; taxes low ; schools for all, and the railways are building
branches everywhere.
Canada Needs vSettlers
Thousands have come and are doing well. Unequalled opportunities are now
being offered by the Dominion Government to every able-bodied man over 1 8
years of age who is willing to take upon himself the duties of settlement.
First-comers Get First Choice
If you would be among the number on the high road to independence in the
Canadian West, write for maps, pamphlets and general information (which are
distributed free) to
W. D. SCOTT,
Superintendent of Immigration, OTTAWA, Canada,
Or to J. OBED SMITH,
Assistant Superintendent of Emigration,
11-12 Charing Cross, LONDON, S.W., England.
Canadian Life and Resources
493,000 Acres
Specially selected
Wheat Land*
Free BooK
and maps
SASKATCHEWAN
The Heart of the Wheat Belt
of Western Canada
The Saskatoon $ Western
Land Co., Limited
Suite " C."
EASY TERMS
Prices
$1O, $12 (SL $15
Per Acre
Cor. Main 8 McDermott Sts
WINNIPEG
Manitoba
Province of Nova Scotia
Mineral Wealth
No Province offers a more inviting
field for the capitalists of Canada, the
United States and Europe than Nova
Scotia, which possesses inexhaustible
coal supplies and other minerals in
abundance.
COAL
GOLD
GYPSUM
COPPER
IRON
LIMESTONE
ANTIMONY
TRIPOLITE
LEAD
BARYTES
FIRE-CLAY
BUILDING STONES
Leases given direct from the Crown.
Royalties and Rentals moderate.
Lumber
Ten thousand square miles of the
Province are wooded. Annual value
of lumber trade is $5,000,000. Annual
export is from two hundred to two
hundred and twenty-five million feet.
THE Province of Nova Scotia, while it has rich stores
of mineral wealth, and is washed by the waters of
the Atlantic with their never failing stocks of fish,
is particularly suited to agricultural and horticultural deve-
lopment. Not half the agricultural land is occupied by
farmers, and yet the crops of hay, oats, wheat, potatoes and
field roots in 1907 yielded over $16,500,000 in value.
Great successes have been achieved in dairy farming and
beef and sheep raising.
Annapolis Valley fruit is far-famed. An exhibit of
apples sent by the Nova Scotia Government was recently
awarded a gold medel at the Crystal Palace Show in London,
England. The fruit industry offers excellent investment
for settlers with even small capital. Those who can buy
orchards already in bearing will obtain from the start an
unusually profitable interest on their investment.
The Province desires immigrants for the lands, and has
recently established a Department of Industries and Immi-
gration.
Information respecting farms for sale, the industries
of the Province, etc. , may be had on application to
ARTHUR S. BAR.NSTEAD.
Secretary of Industries and Immigration
HALIFAX. NOVA SCOTIA
Fisheries
The fisheries have an annual value of
over {8,000,000. Over thirty thousand
men are employed in this industry,
which is capable of indefinite develop-
ment.
Tourist
Attractions
Possessing a healthful climate, with
no extremes of heat and cold, there
are few lands that can offer as great
attractions in summer to the travel-
ling public. Average summer tem-
perature at Halifax is 66 degrees.
Within easy reach by rail and steamer.
Beautiful scenery. Pishing all sum-
mer in lake, stream and sea. Game
laws make the Province an excellent
field for the sportsman.
SALMON
TROUT
GRAYLING
BASS
MOOSE
WILD DUCK
PLOVER
PARTRIDGE
Etc., Etc.
Canadian Life and Reaourceg
Canadian Pacific Railway Co.'s
Atlantic Service
Mall
AtlmnUc Service
" EMPRESSES
" °F
3
ATLANTIC
Safety Speed Splendor
SAILINGS FROM MONTREAL AND QUEBEC
St. Lawrence Route.
(Subject to change without notice.)
From
Montreal and
Quebec.
Fri. Sept. 18 Empress of Ireland Fri. Sept.
Sat. " 26 Lake Manitoba Wed.
Fri. Oct. 2 Empress of Britain Fri.
Sat. " 10 Lake Champlain Wed.
Fri. " 16 Empress of Ireland Fri. Oct
Sat. 24 Lake Erie Wed.
Fri. " 30 Empress of Britain Fri.
Sat. Nov. 7 Lake Manitoba Wed.
Fri. " 13 Empress of Ireland Fri.
From
Liverpool.
4
9
18
23
2
7
16
21
30
Specially Reduced Cabin Rates Now in Effect
First Cabin to Liverpool,
Second Cabin " $42.50
(Subject to change without notice.)
$65.00 and upwards ) According to
\ ship and ac-
j commodation.
Third Class
To London, Liverpool, Glasgow and $?7,-5° | According
and
to ship.
Londonderry $28.75
To other points in Great Britain and the Continent of Europe
on application.
For complete sailing and full particulars as to rates, reservations, etc., apply to any Steamship
Agent, your nearest Railroad Agent, or to
Board of Trade. CEO. McL. BROWN,
MONTREAL.. General Passenger Agent.
Turbines
The Music Room Allan Line Turbine 8.8. "Victorian'
Proposed Summer Sailing's 19O8
(Subject to change.)
Montreal and Quebec
to Liverpool.
Steamers.
Tunisian Fri.
•Victorian *'
Corsican "
•Virginian.. ,
Tunisian. . .
•Victorian...
From Montreal.
4 Sept. 5.30 a.m.
5.00 a.m.
6.00 a.m.
S.ooa.m.
83
..Thur. 8
Corsican Fri. 16
•Virginian.... Thur. 22
Tunisian Fri. 30
•Victorian...
Corsican....
2 O t. 5. 30 a.m.
10.00 a.m.
5.30 a.m.
10.00 a.m.
6.00 a.m.
.Thur. 5 Nov. io.ooa.rn.
. .Fri. 13 " 6.30 a.m.
•Royal Mail steamers.
Montreal and Quebec
to Glasgow.
Steamers. From Montreal.
Ionian Sat. 5 Sept.
Grampian, new
Pretorian
Hesperian, new 26
Ionian 3 Oct.
Grampian, new ,
Pretorian ,
Hesperian, new 24
Ionian
Steamers sail from Montreal at
daylight. Passengers go on board
Friday evening after 7 o'clock. From
Quebec about 3 p.m. same day.
Allan Line
Turbines
Royal Mail vSteamers
Montreal and Quebec
to Liverpool
Montreal and Quebec
to Glasgow
THE Allan I«ine in announcing their Sailings for 1908, as per schedule appended, re-
minds their friends of a few salient facts.
1. The Allan is the Premier Canadian I^ine. First vessel, 1822. Mail steamship service
established 1854 with four steamers aggregating 10,000 tons.
2. The Allans were the first to build a steel ocean steamer— Buenos Ayrean, built in 1881.
3. The Allans were the first to adopt bilge or side keels, minimising rolling. Now all pas-
senger steamers have adopted this principle.
4. The Allans were the first to build steamers with covered-in or protected deck. Now they
are universal.
5. The Allans were the first to adopt the turbine engine for ocean going steamers— Victorian
and Virginian, each 12,000 tons. Now they are being followed by other I^ines — the
King's yacht, Battleship Dreadnaught, etc., etc.
The aim of the I^ine has been to lead in every improvement for the safety of the ship and
the comfort of the passenger. Three new steamers have been added in 1907-08 —
Corsican, Grampian and Hesperian, aggregating 31,000 tons, making a total tonnage
of 175,000 tons.
The vessels are modern, high-class hotels, are famed for their cuisine, polite attention,
good ventilation and absolute cleanliness.
Time of passage from port to port, 7 to 8 days. For passage apply to any Agent, or
H. &. A. ALLAN, Montreal.
Canadian Life and Resources
To
Contributors
HpHE editor will be glad to re-
ceive illustrated articles de-
picting the life and resources of
Canada. Articles must not be
more than one thousand words in
length and should, if possible, be
accompanied by original photo-
graphs. It is absolutely necessary
that a description of every picture
and the name and address of the
sender should be written plainly
upon the back. Fair prices will
be paid for all material used and
everything sent in will be returned
if desired. The name and address
of the author must appear upon
every article submitted. Short
stories will be carefully considered.
About Ourselves
We
Want
Photographs
CANADIAN LIFE AND RE-
^ SOURCES is widely known
as the publication which gives the
best picture of Canada and Cana-
dian life. It does this, largely,
by means of its illustrations. Now,
we want to increase the number
of these — we want to show scenes
in every part of the Dominion —
but we cannot have staff photo-
graphers all over our immense
country. Hence, we are trying to
enlist the aid of all who have
cameras, from Halifax to the Yu-
kon. Every man or woman with
a camera has, probably, some
scene daily under his or her eyes
which would be of interest to
people abroad or at the other end
of Canada.
We will pay good prices for
any photos which we accept and
we will return any photos not
used. A short description should
be written upon the back of each
photograph, telling what it repre-
sents.
Resources Publishing Co., Ltd.
Beaver Hall Hill,
MONTREAL, CANADA
OCTOBER, 1908
THE STORY OF THE MONTH PAGB
A summary of Canadian affairs at home and abroad 7
OUR POINT OF VIEW
Canada as a field for the investment of British capital
in relation to Imperial interests 9
THE MOOSE MOUNTAIN IRON MINES
A new development in Northern Ontario that will
stimulate our iron and steel industry 10
TWO GIRLS IN A BOAT
An account of a cruise along the south-eastern coast
of Nova Scotia 12
HOMES OF CANADIAN PUBLIC MEN
Views of the Ottawa residences of Sir Frederick Bor-
den, Hon. Frank Oliver and Mr. R. L. Borden, K.C. 15
NORTHWARD HO !
An account of a journey from Edmonton to Fort
Vermilion
OUR HISTORY IN STATUES AND MONU-
MENTS
An account of the Battle of Eccles' Hill, May 25th,
1870
NOTES OF EMPIRE
Measures of self-defence taken by Australia — New
Zealand and the United States fleet
NOTES OF THE WEST
A bird's-eye-view of the month's doings in the
Granary of the Empire
ABOUT WOMEN
Ladies occupying a semi-public position in Canadian
life
THE TREND OF THE MARKETS
A daily record of the fluctuations of stocks during
the month
MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES
and advertisements .
16
18
26
OUR BOOK OFFER
Our readers' attention is specially directed to
page 26, on which will be found a remarkable
offer of well-known copyright novels — the
popular works of fiction of the day. Owing
to a special arrangement we have been able
to make with the publishers of these works,
Canadian Life and Resources
is able to offer them to its subscribers at prices
far below those at which they can procure
them in the ordinary course.
These books are the works of the masters
of modern fiction ; they are well printed and
substantially and handsomely bound, and the
exceedingly favorable character of our offer
brings them within the reach of all.
See the announcement on page 26.
Our Bureau of
Information
'TpHIS department of the paper
•*• was started in 11903 to deal
with the numerous enquiries re-
ceived at the office as soon as the
first issue of the paper was pub-
lished. For a small sum, to cover
outlay, we send to any enquirer
the following :
1 I ) Official reports of the Fed-
eral or Provincial Governments,
including maps and reports of the
Geological Survey ;
(2) Information about the min-
eral, agricultural, timber, fishing,
water-power and other resources
of the country ;
(3) Information upon the best
districts for settlement and home-
steading in Western Canada, Que-
bec and Ontario ;
(4) Desirable locations andsites
for manufactories and business
enterprises in Eastern and West-
ern Canada.
Enquiries for information upon
any of the above subjects should
be accompanied by the nominal
fee of twenty-five cents to cover
postage, etc.; the Government re-
ports will be supplied free or at
actual cost.
Personal enquirers can often be
given more explicit information,
as they can state their require-
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view tban by letter. In either
case CANADIAN LIFE AND RE-
SOURCES can usually give, at all
events, the preliminary facts re-
quired.
Resources Publishing Co., Ltd.
Beaver Hall Hill
MONTREAL, CANADA
Canadian Life
and
Resources
PUBLISHED MONTHLY
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RESOURCES PUBLISHING CO., Limited
Beaver Hall Hill,
MONTREAL, CANADA
Toronto Office— 43 Victoria Street.
English Office, 5 Henrietta Street.
Covenl Garden, Strand, London, W.C.
A. H. CLAPP,
Business Manager
Vol. VI. L^ES No. 10 Montreal, October, 1908
PRICK, TEN CENTS
ONE DOUAR A YEAR
THE STORY OF THE MONTH
A SUMMARY OF CANADIAN AFFAIRS
AT HOME
>"pHE most important, in fact the overshadowing
•*• political event of the month, was the dissolu-
tion of the Federal Parliament and the announce-
ment of the date of the next general elections,
which will be held on Monday, the 26th inst. The
campaign opened in earnest as soon as dissolution
was announced, and the leaders of both political
parties were engaged throughout the greater part
of the month in addressing public meetings. The
attendance at these meetings has been unusually
large, an evidence of the deep and widespread in-
terest taken by all classes in the political questions
of the day. The indications are that a very large
vote will be polled on the 26th inst. The Parlia-
ment just dissolved was the tenth siuce Confedera-
tion and the fourth that has supported a Liberal
administration. The last House of Commons,
elected in November, 1904, contained 214 members;
the next House will contain 221, the increase re-
presenting the growth of population in the West-
ern Provinces.
A NUMBER of important appointments were
made shortly after the dissolution of Parlia-
ment. Thomas Greenway, once Premier of Mani-
toba and recently member of the House of Com-
mons for I/isgar, Man.; Professor S. J. McLean of
Toronto University and D'Arcy Scott, barrister, of
Ottawa, were appointed members of the Board of
Railway Commissioners, Mr. Scott being also made
Assistant Chief Commissioner. Mr. W. L. Mac-
kenzie King, Deputy Minister of Labor, resigned
in order to be a parliamentary candidate in North
Waterloo, Out. It was also announced that the
Hon. R. W. Scott, Secretary of State since 1896,
was about to resign, and would be succeeded by
Mr. Charles Murphy, K.C., of Ottawa.
TWO Provinces received new Lieutenant-Gov-
ernors. In Ontario Sir William Mortimer
Clark, appointed on April 2ist, 1903, retired, and
was replaced by the Hon. J. M. Gibson. For many
years Mr. Gibson was a member of the Legislature
and a member of the Mowat, the Hardy and the
Ross governments. In Quebec Sir Louis A. Jett£,
Lieutenant-Governor since February 2nd, 1898, re-
tired, being re-appointed to the Bench, and was
succeeded by Sir C. A. P. Pelletier, who from 1896
to 1900 was Speaker of the Senate of Canada.
•p EPORTS from the West continue to bear out
-*^- in a most gratifying manner the earlier esti-
mates of the size of the wheat crop. All admit
that it will exceed a hundred million bushels, and
one hundred and ten million is a reasonable esti-
mate. " With respect to quality," writes a Western
correspondent, " the crop is one of the most satis-
factory ever harvested. Wheat shows grades far
better than the calculators supposed to be possible
this year. In the movement to market the grain is
ahead of the average. The harvesting and thresh-
ing come about a month earlier this year than they
did in 1907 and this is a distinct advantage. There
is a better supply of cars than ever before and
farmers are using every effort to rush the grain for-
ward. It is expected that one dollar a bushel will
be the prevailing price. The oat and barley crops
are also turning out well. The weather for the
harvesting and threshing operations has been
bright and very warm and excellent progress has
been made. The West's dream for this year is be-
ing fulfilled."
/^vNE hundred and sixty-six miles of the track of
^ the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, extending
westward from Winnipeg to Wainwright, Alberta,
were opened to passenger traffic on September 2 1st.
" The territory served," says Mr. G. T. Bell, Gen-
eral Passenger Agent of the Company, "is rich in
farming possibilities and most picturesque in places,
as, for example, the valleys of the Qu'Appelle and
Assiniboine rivers near the western boundary of
Manitoba, about two hundred miles from Winni-
peg, and through the Touchwood Hills in Saskat-
chewan, about three hundred and fifty miles from
Winnipeg. In fact the scenic features of the line
will justly entitle it to be known as the most pictu-
resque route through the wheat fields of Canada."
There will be 97 stations between Winnipeg and
Wainwright. Necessarily the business at some of
these stations for some time to come will be very
limited, and to provide, therefore, satisfactory
facilities at points where no regular agents for the
time being are situated, there will be a travelling
agent who will handle all transactions between
passengers and the railway when the train is in
motion.
'npHE Right Rev. James Carmichael, D.D., Bishop
•*- of the Anglican Diocese of Montreal, died on
Monday, September 2ist, after a brief illness. On
the preceding day he had preached in his Cathe-
dral, his subject being the Pan-Anglican Congress
and the Lambeth Conference, from which he had
just returned. Shortly after the conclusion of the
service he was attacked with heart weakness, which
resulted in death in the early hours of the follow-
ing morning, when he passed peacefully away. Dr.
Carmichael was born in Dublin, Ireland, on July
24th, 1835, so that he was 73 years of age. He was
the son of James Carmichael, Clerk of the Crown
for the County of Tipperary, and was partly edu-
cated in that city. He was ordained after he canie
to Canada, in 1X59, by Bishop Cronyn of Huron.
He was one of a trio of young men who came to
Canada from Ireland late in the middle decade of
the nineteenth century, each of whom entered the
The Visitors of the Month— The Scottish Agricultural Commissioners photographed at
Macdonald College, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que.
8
Canadian Life and Resources
Church of England, and each of whom, singularly
enough, was elevated to the Canadian Bench of
Bishops. The two others were Bishops Sullivan
and DuMoulin. The former became the Bishop of
Algoma and the latter the Bishop of Niagara. He
had been rector of Clinton, Out., and of the Church
valley that the navigation of the river was inter-
fered with.
A N important announcement respecting the con~
•**• struction and operating of the proposed rail-
way to Hudson Bay was made by Sir Wilfrid Lau"
rier during the course of his campaign speech, de-
livered at Niagara Falls on September isth. Re-
specting this important project the Premier said :
"The Government will build the railway. The
Government or a company will be entrusted with
the operating ; but, whatever we do, all of the ter-
minals and the elevators shall be built by the Gov-
ernment and retained under all and every circum-
stance by the Government ; so as to insure the
largest measure of benefit possible to the Canadian
people in the North-West Provinces."
DURING the latter part of the month His Excel-
lency Earl Grey was in Western Canada,
where he visited a number of the important centres
and met thousands of Canadians living in the Prai-
rie Provinces. From Moose Jaw, Sask., which
was reached on September 2Otb, His Excellency
and party, with an escort of Royal North-West
Mounted Police, proceeded to Buffalo Lake on a
shooting trip.
TT was announced that the output of gold in the
•*• Klondike this year will amount in value to
$5, 000,000, being an increase of $2,000,000 over the
output of last year. It is stated that the output
will be greatly increased next year and the Klon-
dike soon will be yielding as much as in its palmiest
days.
The late Rt. Rev. James Carmichael,
Bishop of Montreal.
of the Ascension in Hamilton, but during the
greater part of his life he was rector of St. George's
Church, Montreal. In 1902 he was appointed
Bishop-coadjutor of Montreal, succeeding to the
see upon the death of Archbishop Bond on Octo-
ber gth, 1906. He was a polished, kind-hearted
gentleman, a ripe scholar and one of the most elo-
quent preachers of the Anglican Church in Canada.
In writing of Bishop Carmichael the Montreal Wit-
ness said : " He won the respect and friendship of
multitudes, and he may be said to have died in
armor, a knight falling with his face to the foe.
That, we may be sure, is how he would have wished
to pass a way."
The Hon. Mr. Justice Bo.'se' of the Court of
King's Bench, Quebec, died on September 7th,
aged 72 years. He represented Quebec Centre in
the fifth Parliament of Canada and was appointed
to the bench in 1888.
AMONG the visitors of the month were the Rt.
Hon. Viscount Milner, formerly High Com-
missioner for South Africa. His visit to Canada is
wholly one of pleasure, and he will spend six weeks
in the Dominion, travelling to the Pacific Coast
and back. Every Province of the Dominion was
also visited by the members of the Scottish Agri-
cultural Commission, who are here as the guests of
the Federal Government for the purpose of study-
ing agricultural conditions and seeing for them-
selves the resources of the country.
T was announced in Edmonton that news had
reached there that the Canadian Pacific Rail-
way Company have had all summer two large par-
ties of engineers locating a line from Edmonton
through the Pine Pass, with a branch north to
Dunvegan on the Peace River. If the line is built
it will be an important step towards bringing the
hinteiland of Alberta into touch with the trans-
portation system of the Dominion.
THE Canadian Northern Railway finally ap-
proved of plans for its proposed terminals at
Vancouver, which are to be at once constructed.
THROUGHOUT the month and in various parts
of Canada forest fires caused great loss,
large areas of timber land being burned over. The
month was remarkable for the lightnt ssof its rain,
fall, and this condition, prevailing at the close of
an unusually dry summer, seriously affected agri-
culture. The smoke from forest fires was on sev-
eral occasions so dense along the St. Lawrence
I
writes a London correspondent, " there are difficul-
ties to be overcome. There is a race question, there
is a debt question, and there is a trade question.
Australia had the two last, Canada the first and
last ; South Africa has all three. The difficulties
are great, but the whole people of South Africa,
Dutch and English, demand a unification rather
than a loose federation."
OPEAKING in Dublin on September gth before
^ the British Association, Sir James Grant, M.D.
of Ottawa, declared that Canada was the brightest
jewel in the coronet of the Empire, and he gave a
glowing account of its prosperity and progress. In
conclusion, he outlined the preparations to be made
for the reception of the Association in the Dominion
in 1909. President Francis Darwin then declared
the meeting adjourned to meet next in Winnipeg,
Man.
T T was announced in London early in the month
••• that the government of the Crown colony of
Jamaica, W. I. I., had refused to enter into a
reciprocity trade treaty with Canada.
'-pHE Canadian and United States teachers were
entertained at a conversazione by the London
Teachers' Association on September 22nd. A warm
welcome was extended the visitors by Mr. Cyril
Jackson, chairman of the London Education Com-
mittee, and others. Mr. J. L. Hughes, of Toronto,
replied that they were overwhelmed with the kind-
ness of the teachers of the Mother Land. The
National Union of Teachers entertained the visitors
on the following day.
>"pHE Earl of Crewe, Colonial Secretary, sent
-*- Premier Deakin of Australia a despatch which
has pleased the Australian Government, as the
British Admiralty promises to retain certain cruis-
ers in Australian waters, besides actively assisting
in the creation of the Commonwealth's navy. In this
important matter of coast defence Australia is set-
ting Canada a wotthy example.
T T was announced in London that the Pacific
*• cable receipts last year were ,£109,637, a decrease
of/2,852. The expenditure was ,£172,522. The
deficiencies are recoverable as follows : Great
Britain, ^17,322 ; Canada, ^17,322 ; Australia, £20,
786 ; New Zealand, .£6,929.
A DVICKS received at Victoria, B.C., from Tokio
•"• state that the Japanese Foreign Office will
shortly open negotiations with Great Britain, the
United States and Russia, whereby Japan will join
the sealing convention for the regulation of pelagic
Hon. J. M. Gibson, Lieutenant-Governor of
Ontario.
>TpHE championship series of the National La-
•^ crosse Union closed on September igth with
the Tecumseh team of Toronto champions, having
won eight matches out of the twelve played. The
Cornwall team was second and the Capital team of
Ottawa third.
ABROAD.
TN South Africa the matter of immigration from
•^ India is much larger and more pressing than it
has yet become in British Columbia. Canadians
will watch with interest the efforts made to solve it
in the Transvaal. During the month a mass meet-
ing of East Indians was held in Johannesburg, at
which it was decided to ask for the intervention of
the Imperial Government to protect the Indians
from the Asiatic exclusion law. It was claimed
that provision should be made for the free entry
into the colony of highly educated East Indians.
THE Interparliamentary Union, which was in
session in Berlin, Germany, accepted the invi-
tation extended from Canada to meet in Quebec
City in 1909.
TOURING the month it was announced that the
••"' four colonies constituting British South Africa
would on October I2th hold a conference at which
an attempt would be made toframe a plan of union
similar to that carried to a successful issue forty-one
years ago by the British North American Provinces
and adopted more recently by the States of Australia.
"But before the union can be accomplished,"
Sir Charles A. P. Pelletier, Lieutenant-Governor
of Quebec.
sealing in Bebring Sea and the North Pacific Ocean.
Japan is cow the only nation which permits its
pelagic sealers to hunt at will without considera-
tion of close seasons, as arranged by Great Britain,
the United States and Russia. The proposed nego-
tiations meet with considerable opposition in Japan.
Canadian Life and Resources
OUR POINT OF VIEW
F
*' "• M NANCE is the science of organizing and using capital
to the greatest advantage. Let us finance Imperially.
Let each one organize his domestic finance for the
greatest good of the Empire, for the greatest good of the Im-
perial community at large, and he will surely find that he has
acted for his own greatest good. Let each one seek to travel, or
to enable his children to travel, in the Empire, or at least to
educate his sons in Imperial matters. Let each one give a pre-
ference to Imperially made goods over foreign made goods. Let
those of us who are fortunate enough to have savings to invest,
carefully consider whether they cannot find as sound and as re-
munerative investments in one or other of the States of Greater
Britain as they can in a foreign country."
THIS inspiring passage we quote from an article recently
contributed to a London paper by Mr. R. M. Horne-
Payne, the London Director of the Canadian Northern
Railway. The Imperial idea is rapidly spreading in Great
Britain and the financial aspect of it, which the writer here brings
out, is just as important as the political and military aspects.
WHAT we want to see is every part of the Empire work-
ing for the whole Empire as far as is compatible with
the special interest of each. The stronger and the
richer we can make the whole, the more secure will be each part.
We have advocated steadily in these columns a Canadian prefer-
ence for British immigrants. We get a better citizen and the
Empire keeps a subject, with every Britisher who comes to
Canada instead of going to the United States or the Argentine.
Similarly in finance. Canada is the richer for every pound ster-
ling invested here by the British capitalist and the Empire keeps
a golden sovereign to develop its own resources instead of those
of a rival power. As Mr. Home- Payne well says to the British
reader he is addressing : " There are millions of feet of lumber
awaiting the mill ; millions of acres of land awaiting the plough;
millions of tons of coal and other minerals, and millions ot bar-
rels of petroleum awaiting to be recovered ; hundreds of cities
and towns to be built and industries to be founded. Capital
alone is wanted. Shall we not devote our savings to founding
these cities and industries, and to supplying the needed means
of transport, in preference to lending them to equip some foreign
railway or build some foreign navy ? It is the people of Eng-
land, Scotland, Ireland and Wales who must finance the Empire."
HE makes a point which is familiar to every reader of this
magazine when he urges the development ef the Em-
pire as necessary to its safety. ' ' Only by the fullest
development of Imperial wealth and resources can we continue
to support the Navy at the two- Power standard, in competition
with the greater populations of Germany and the United States
— populations better equipped by technical education and a spirit
of national devotion. One cannot travel in Germany without
feeling that, from the Emperor downwards, every man is for
Germany and bent on German prosperity ; or in the United
States without feeling that every citizen is a United States citi-
zen first and a private individual afterwards ; that his efforts are
to make the United States, and his particular State thereof, the
richest and most prosperous bit of country in the world, realising
full well that in the prosperity of his country he himself must
prosper." Let us bring it about that every man in the British
Empire, whether he lives under the Union Jack in the Southern
Ocean or within the Arctic Circle, whether he sings " God Save
the King ' ' in the splendid salon of a London hotel or round a
camp fire on the lonely veldt, is moved by the same feeling, to
make his King more powerful and his Empire more potent for
good and his fellow-empiremen more prosperous, in the know-
ledge that the cause of one is the cause of all.
WE Canadians have our part to take in the Imperial
movement. Individually we shall never cease our
advocacy of a Canadian fleet for home defence. But
there are other ways we can assist. Canada must see to it that
when Great Britain sends us her capital we treat it honestly.
The " wild-cat " promoter flourishes here as elsewhere — witness
some of the Cobalt flotations. He must be brought within the
boundary of the law. Then the people must vote down any
action by municipality or publicly-elected body which causes un-
fair competition with corporations which have been granted
specific powers. A recent instance of this in Eastern Ontario is
cited as having dealt a heavy blow to Canada's reputation in
London for good faith. " Now," says the writer, " we hear the
Council of a prosperous Oversea city, with no more than one
hundred thousand inhabitants, and having already a large debt,
embarking on a series of loans aggregating probably 2)4 millions
sterling, amongst other things to construct an electrical plant in
direct competition with an existing electrical company's plant,
built largely with English capital, and that although the elec-
trical company still has considerable surplus power unused. Here
our Oversea brethren are at fault. The English investors will
not submit to such treatment. Other parts of the Empire have
for the last ten years or so been absolutely unable to get capital
of any sort for any enterprise, however attractive, on account of
losses caused by similar methods. Let every individual of Greater
Britain make it his business to see that British capital is fairly
treated and permitted to secure a good return."
WE realize more and more clearly every year that the
future of the British Empire will be a strenuous one.
We have tremendous enemies — enemies who want
what we have and can only get what they want from us. All
this talk about Germany's menace of Great Britain is not imagi-
nation. It has this insurmountable foundation in fact that we
have the finest specimens of what Germany wants above and be-
fore everything else — colonies. She has an immense population
of sixty millions of people and no first-class colony to which to
send her surplus people. She has seen ten million Germans lost
to Germany by emigration to the United States. She is barred
out of what would have seemed her natural colonizing ground —
South America — by the Monroe Doctrine. The best parts of
Africa have been taken up. Where can she find colonies ? Who
has the finest colonies ? Who but Great Britain ? There is the
position — clear, unmistakable. It is to get colonies that Ger-
many is building a navy.
WHAT are we in Canada doing to prepare for the inevit-
able conflict between Germany and the British Em-
pire ? What we want to see is 100,000 rifles with
one thousand rounds of ammunition for each, stored tight and
dry in our country — 50,000 efficient militiamen, to be the
nucleus of a citizen army of 100,000 men, with batteries of
modern guns to arm them, and last and most important, a fleet
of Canadian coast defence ships. We should start at once to
build one ship a year. When are we going to do it ? When war
has been declared ?
10
;
Canadian Life and Resources
A view from the top of the slope at Moose Mountain, District of Nlplssing, showing the mining location and the Canadian
Northern Ontario Railway in the background.
MOOSE MOUNTAIN IRON RANGE
ANOTHER VALUABLE DEPOSIT OF ORE IN NORTHERN ONTARIO WHOSE DEVELOPMENT
WILL TEND GREATLY TO INCREASE THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN CANADA
THE largest deposit of iron ore in Canada, according to
Professor Miller of the Ontario Department of Mines,
is that in the Township of Hutton, thirty miles north
of Sudbury, and known as the Moose Mountain iron range. It
extends northwest from Lake Wahnapitae, in the District of
Nipissing, to Lake Onaping, in the District of Algoma, a dis-
tance of forty miles. Its existence has been known for some
years, prospectors for gold on the Vermilion River having made
portages across the ridge at a point known as the Iron Dam,
where the wearing away of the moss by the feet of the portagers
exposed the rock, but steps were not taken for its development
till the Canadian Northern Railway undertook the construction
of a branch line, which was completed in 1907, when active
mining operations were commenced. This line, thirty-five miles
in length, connects with the Canadian Pacific Railway near Sud-
bury, and will form part of the main line of the Canadian North-
ern between Toronto and Winnipeg. A branch of six miles will
connect with the Keys, an excellent harbor with twenty-four
feet of water beside the dock, on the Georgian Bay. The dis-
tance from Moose Mountain to the Keys is only eighty miles, a
shorter distance than the Minnesota ores have to be hauled to
reach Lake Superior.
The Moose Mountain iron deposits occur in rocks of Kee-
watin age, which is the oldest series known in that part of North
America. The ore is a magnetite, and analysis shows it to be
of very superior character. An assay given by Professor Cole-
man in the report of the Ontario Bureau of Mines for 1904 is as
follows :
Iron 62.64
Phosphorus o.oi I
Sulphur , 0.056
Titanium . . None
The ore contains more metallic iron than the Lake Superior
ores.
Mining operations have been carried on at Moose Mountain
for about a year, and a considerable quantity of ore is ready for
shipment. It is expected that a train-load a day will be sent
out this season.
The surface of the ore body is one hundred and forty feet
above the railway track, at what is known as No. i deposit.
The ore is extracted by overhand stoping from an open face
sixty feet to seventy feet high. It is trammed to a chute, dis-
charging thirty feet below the bottom of the present slope into a
No. 8 Austin gyratory crusher, which reduces it to a maximum
size of five or six inches diameter. It then passes through a re-
volving screen with quarter inch perforations. The rejections
go to the foot of an elevator pit, the balance to a No. 5 Austin
gyratory crusher, discharging into the buckets of a 52-foot cen-
tre-belt elevator, which elevates it into loading bins, whence it
is discharged through hoppers into the cars. The crushing plant
is driven by a 1 6-inch by 42-inch Jenckes Corliss engine. Steam
is supplied from two 150 horse- power return, tubular boilers.
Extensive preparations are being made at the Keys for the
shipment of the ore. A trestle a mile long has been built, on
which the ore-trains will run up. The ore will be dumped into
pockets and transferred to a rubber belt-conveyor running through
a tunnel cut in the rock, then elevated on another belt to a
trestle sixty feet above the water, where it will be held ready to
be shot into vessels. The capacity of the dock plant is 8,000
tons per day of ten hours. It has been constructed under the
superintendence of Mr. R. M. Pratt, who built the elevator and
coal docks at Port Arthur on Lake Superior.
The ore will, in the meantime, be shipped to Cleveland and
other United States ports, but it is in contemplation to establish
a smelter at the east end of Toronto. Mr. D. D. Mann, on be-
half of Moose Mountain, Limited, applied some months ago to
the City Council for 350 acres of the marsh at Ashbridge's Bay,
Canadian Life and Resources
ii
The ore pile, Moose Mountain Mines, showing the ore ready for
the smelter.
which will be filled in and used as a site. The financial strin-
gency of last fall prevented the project from being carried out
at once, but when the money market becomes easier it will be
proceeded with. It is intended to erect a smelter with a capacity
for treating 1,400 tons of ore daily, and ultimately to establish a
steel plant, rolling mills, steel plate works, steel car works and
kindred industries, which, it is expected, will give employment
to a force of 15,000 men and make Toronto the Pittsburg of
Canada.
Moose Mountain was visited last year by the American In-
The power and crushing plant, open pit and ore stock pile, Moose
Mountain Mines.
stitute of Mining Engineers, on the occasion of their annual
meeting at Toronto. Many of the members expressed themselves
in no measured terms as to their appreciation of the valuable
character of the deposit. Recently a party of prominent United
States capitalists, interested in the iron and steel industry, visit-
ed the mine, in company with Mr. D. D. Mann of the Canadian
Northern Railway. The party included John W. Gates and J.
F. Harris of New York, C. H. McCullough, President of the
Lackawanna Iron and Steel Co.; John Lambert, President of the
American Steel and Wire Co., and a number of others.
A LOSS TO CANADIAN ART
C
ANADIAN
art, and es-
pecially that
branch which devotes
itself to telling by
means of pencil, etch-
ing and daily news-
paper the story
of national life, lost
its ablest, most ver-
satile and most indus-
trious exponent when
on September igth,
Henri Julien of Mont-
real passed suddenly
away. Although still
in the prime of life,
he was the first artist,
not only in Canada
but on this continent,
to make a success of
illustrating a daily
newspaper. He had
many imitators but
no superiors and at
the most only a few equals. His talent as an artist was great,
his technique correct ; but besides these high qualities the rapid-
ity with which he worked was truly marvellous. From the busy
life of a newspaper artist he had snatched enough time to com-
plete a few pictures in oil, which are not only the delight of all
who have seen them, but indicate what he might have accom-
plished had hedevoted himself wholly to this field. Perhaps his
best known painting, and which now adorns the walls of the
National Gallery at Ottawa, is " L,a Cbasse-Galerie," a photo-
The late Henri Julien.
(Photos by l,apres ft I,avergne.)
graph of which is here reproduced. Its subject is an old French-
Canadian legend which tells of a party of hunters borne in their
canoe through the clouds on Christmas eve by the Spirit of the
Air to their distant home.
The folk-lore and the simple but picturesque life of the
French- Canadians appealed strongly to their gifted compatriot,
and perhaps it is not claiming too much to say that Henri Julien
was the greatest artist they have yet produced. But he was
more than the artist of a section of our people. His work had
taken him into practically every part of Canada and his sympa-
thies were as broad as the country itself. Wherever he was
known he had friends, and wherever his pictures were seen he
had admirers.
1 La Ohasse-Oalerle, y the late Henri Julien.
12
Canadian Life and Resources
A view of one of many of the charming little harbors along the beautiful southeastern coast of Nova Scotia where the
yachtsman can lead in summer an ideal life.
TWO GIRLS IN A BOAT
A TWO WEEKS' CRUISE ALONG THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF NOVA SCOTIA
WHERE FISHING FOLKS ARE VISITED AND PIRATE YARNS ARE SPUN AGAIN
FIFTY weeks in the treadmill of work and so-called pleas-
ure in the city — two short weeks of vacation. This is
the condition which confronts many a woman to-day.
How best to employ the brief play-time at her disposal is the
all-important problem. Let me describe the delightful solution
we arrived at during the past summer.
Having but a short two weeks' outing we planned to spend
every possible moment out-of-doors in the real, unspoiled coun-
try, and in as novel and unconventional a manner as possible.
As we both love the sea and can manage a boat fairly well, we
decided to make a little voyage along shore, keeping a watchful
eye on the weather probs and stopping here and there as fancy
might dictate.
Leaving the Halifax and Southwestern Railway at Hub-
bards, we stopped over for one day to complete arrangements for
our trip as well as to explore the pretty little village, gay with
American tourists. Hubbards is a very pleasing place and de-
cidedly picturesque. The houses are clustered along encircling
hills which enclose a pretty, crescent-shaped cove ; to the north
and west are great tracts of forest country where moose and many
sorts of smaller game are plentiful, while in the numerous lakes
and streams the angler finds a sure reward. Just back of the
village is Lake Saulier, a lovely little sheet of water nestled amid
a natural park heavily wooded with pines. Cool paths, carpeted
thick with the soft, brown pine-needles, wind among the trees
and lead to quaint log-cabins on the lake- shore, which are let to
tourists for the season.
Then, down by the sea-shore, are the rough wharves and
fish-stages, nets with their buoys and floats, lobster- traps and
queer-shaped eel-pots, woven of rods. There was a good sand-
beach, too, with a full tide, so we made haste to don our bathing-
suits and fling ourselves into the embraces of Old Ocean. The
temperature of the water was delightful and Peggy quoted rap-
turously, if inelegantly,
" Golly ! but dis am delicious !
'Taint no wonder dat de fishes
Crimp der noses at de people on de shore ! "
(Written for CANADIAN I,IFE AND RESOURCES by Josephine Fredea.)
Later, we stroll along the shore and make the acquaintance
of three ancient fishermen who are basking in the sunshine on
an up-turned dory, enjoying certain extremely odorous clay
pipes. We begin to ask what we consider very "intelligent"
questions, but ere long we realise that we are making some ter-
rible errors and brightening up the lives of the aged trio by our
frantic efforts to express ourselves in proper nautical terms.
We are up early next morning, and after a "dip" and a
hearty breakfast, we prepare to embark on our trip. Our suit-
cases, oil-clothes and provisions are already on board. Early as
it is, there are half-a-dozen fishermen about the wharves, look-
ing horribly wise and critical as they watch us get under way.
Our mainsail is hoisted and secured in proper style, the jib is run
up, the centre-board lowered ; I grasp the tiller and flatter myself
that the operation has been performed with great eclat, though
with considerable inward trepidation. A furtive glance shore-
ward in search of marks of appreciation of my nautical ability,
reveals those Sons of Neptune fairly crowing with delight, while
one among them flings his arms about with elaborate directions.
In a moment I make the humiliating discovery that we have
neglected to cast off our mooring! "Pink as a peony," I
remedy the mistake and we are off at last on the trip southerly
along the shore.
The day is simply perfect. There is a light but steady breeze
under whose influence we leave behind us the dimpling cove
with its girdling hills and harbor beacon and are soon slipping
easily past Fox Point and Mill Cove. Easterly for hundreds of
miles rolls the great sweep of the Atlantic ; westerly, the lift of
the Aspotogan peninsula along whose side the road runs in and
out following the curves of the shore, with the cottages of the
fishermen strung like scattered beads along its course. Some of
these dwellings are very trim and neat, pictures of contented in-
dustry ; while others are of a most primitive description, guilt-
less of paint or whitewash. Perched on the rocky shore they
look like big grey gulls, brooding over their nests. The land
grows gradually more elevated and the scenery is picturesque in
Canadian Life and Resources
the extreme. Northwest Cove is a lovely little bay bisected and
enclosed by bold headlands.
Keeping close inshore, we pass Southwest Cove, Owl's Head
and White Point, where we alter our course northwest to Aspo-
togan Harbor. It is four o'clock when we land here in a sort of
a gash that looks like an accidental slip of the great knife that
carved out the bold shore.
Aspotogan is a little fishing hamlet cuddled in under the
foot of the mountain that gives it its name, and so far as appear-
ances go, it might be a thousand miles from civilization. But
it is a great place for lobsters and for the various kinds of sea-
fowl. From August till late December a host of migratory birds
may be seen flying southward, and through these months the
shooting is at its best. With the first easterly storms of August
come the plover, snipe and curlew ; then follow the coots, whist-
lers, shell-ducks, sea-ducks, wild geese and scores of others.
These birds fly chiefly in the early morning and in times of
storm. Then there is grand sport along the projecting headlands
and among the scattered ledges and islands.
We slept that night at the home of one of the fishermen.
The sons of the house were evidently ardent sportsmen, and we
listened with much interest as they discussed the morrow's shoot-
ing or related experiences of other seasons, their hands all the
while busy filling shells, polishing and oiling guns, etc.
Early to bed is the rule in this part of the world. And such
a bed ! A great billowy mountain that seemed to require the
assistance of a step-ladder, two ticks filled with the softest feathers
for than were we two wanderers in a sail-boat, and we certainly
had " the time of our lives." We went " hand-pottin' " with
" Uncle William," as we christened him, for he was every bit
as dear and lovable as the uncle of Jeannette Lee's creation.
A fishing fleet at anchor in Lunenburg harbor on a calm summer morning.
The cove along whose shores is built the little Village of Blandford.
" Hand-pottin' " is a most fascinating occupation ; the more so,
as at this season of the year, it has the same attraction that the
apple had for Mother Eve. A hand- pot is a slender iron hoop
about three feet in diameter, from which hangs a big pocket or
dip-net of coarse twine. A bit of ancient fish is tied in the mid-
dle of the net for bait. The handpots are attached to long lines
buoyed with a bit of brush, a cork float or any object to catch
the eye of the fisherman. They are then thrown overboard from
the boat, sinking by their own weight, at fre-
quent intervals in some favorable locality.
Twelve or fifteen handpots having been thus
placed, we row back through the shimmering
moonlight to the beginning of the line. By this
time the smell of the bait has done its work.
When Uncle William hauls up the pot, three
great, green lobsters snap venomously as he
drops them into a big basket amidships. Back
and forth along the line we row, with varying
success, till at last we have " got- a-plenty for
this time. ' ' Thirty delicious crustaceans are the
reward of our illicit adventure ; but, praise be !
the inspector is many miles away and I am tell-
ing this quite confidentially.
A born story-teller was our Uncle William
and many a thrilling tale of the early settlers
did he relate for us. There were stories of cruel
Indian massacres, of hairbreadth escapes by land
of the sea-fowl, into whose downy depths one sank deliciously
in heavy, dreamless sleep.
Long before dawn the gunners are up and away, each in his
little shooting-shell, riding at ease in his chosen position, await-
ing the daylight and the flying birds. When we emerge into
the sparkling morning air, the bang of their guns, sounding
above the dull roar of the surf, tells of their frequent success,
and at about nine o'clock their boats return bringing full three-
score birds, among them three very fine black ducks, red-legged
and yellow-billed.
The clear, green water is dancing in the freshening breeze
as we slip out of the harbor and follow along the shore around
New Harbor Point to the entrance of Chester Bay, noting as we
pass the fine sand-beaches near Bayswater. It is said that in
days gone by a ship was wrecked near this locality and that the
cowardly sailors made haste to save themselves, leaving women
and children on the wreck to perish. Since that time, in every
screaming gale, you hear the women shriek for mercy to the
dastardly crew who long ago abandoned them to their fate.
However, as in many places, the sea has worn great holes in the
cliffs, one might hear almost any gruesome sound of a stormy
night.
Such generous, free-hearted hospitality as one meets along
this shore is truly a joy to encounter. At Blandford we stopped
for several days, lodging with the dearest, quaintest, old couple
imaginable. No queens could have been more solicitously cared
and sea, of pirates and buried treasure and ghostly guardians of
the same. In the cool evenings we clustered round the big open
fire-place, Uncle William in the oaken settle, his wife, with her
old-fashioned spinning-wheel just opposite, and we girls sharing
the hooked rug with the cat. One dark, cloudy night, when a
heavy stillness covered the water like a pall, " 'Tis a good night
to seethe Teazer light," said Uncle William, pressing the to-
bacco into the bowl of his pipe with the reminiscent air which
A house at Mill Cove in which lived three generations of fishing folk
Canadian Life and Resources
always presaged a story. Presently he went on : "It was in the
war of 1812. There was a goodish bit of privateering done on
both sides. Folks along shore had tried their hand at it in the
time of the Revolutionary War, and a good many made tidy
fortunes out of the business. Perhaps they relished a bit of a
fight, too ; anyway, they was mighty keen to take up the trade
again as soon as they got the chance.
" The ' Teazer' was an American privateer about seventy-
foot keel, and had her bulwarks filled in with cork clean up to
the rails. She was painted black with a big carved alligator for
a figurehead. She carried some big guns on deck and was a
pretty fast sailer, too ; so folks along shore and coasters running
between shore ports
stood in fear of her
and kept an eye peel-
ed most of the time in
case she'd heave in
sight. She picked up
so many fat prizes, in
fact, that two frigates
and a brig-of-war
were sent after her
by the Government.
Liverpool always had
a fine appetite for re-
prisals, so she, too,
sent out a privateer
to capture the Ameri-
can and add another
trophy to the number
already set down to
her credit.
" Between these
the ' Teazer ' soon
found herself in pretty
hot water, so to speak. She was none too well acquainted with
the coast and the fog was drifting round in banks when she first
spied the men-of-war on her tack. She ran in towards L,unen-
burg and the people there thought for sure the Yankees were
going to take the town, so they began to pack up their valuables
and cart them out of town to safe hiding-places. But when they
saw the warships on her track they calmed down a bit.
" When the captain of the ' Teazer ' realised that he was
getting into a corner, he tacked ship and ran out between Cross
Island and the main into Chester Bay, and stood away up inside
of Big Tancook. Close behind her followed the British ships ;
the fog was closing in and the ' Teazer's ' men failed to see the
eastern entrance to the Bay — they thought they were completely
landlocked and in desperate straits. A British deserter was act-
ing as one of the officers of the ' Teazer,' and when he saw that
escape was cut off, knowing well his punishment if he were
taken by the British, he set fire to the powder magazine.
" The noise of the explosion was terrific ; it was heard for
miles away and the sight of the burning ship was a thing never
to be forgotten. Out of her crew of nigh on forty men only
eight escaped alive. The wreck was towed ashore on Naus's
Island, near Chester, and lots of people have little nick-nacks
made out of her frame. This stick of mine was a bit of her keel
— best live oak it is, and good for many a year to come.
" They say a basket floated ashore, too, among other things,
and in it were found a baby's little garments, a needle case and
such like little stuff, and a small book called ' The Care Killer.'
I often think about the woman that owned that basket.
"Somebody of the old ship's crew can't rest easy in a
The little hamlet of Aspotogan cuddled In under the foot of the mountain.
watery grave, for many a one will tell you how they saw, on
nights like this, the phantom ship run up the bay till all her
sails and rigging are ablaze, and once more in a wild burst of
flame, she disappears."
For the last day of our vacation we planned a visit to Deep
Cove. On the previous evening we bade farewell to the dear
old couple who had given us one of the happiest weeks we ever
spent, and, shaking out our sails to the gentle breeze, we slipped
along the shore to the famous ancient resort of the pirates. This
lovely arm of the sea is about a mile long and never more than
three hundred yards wide, while the water is so deep that excur-
sion steamers run their gang planks from their decks right on to
the main highway.
. Round about it rise
the rugged cliffs of
Aspotogan Mountain,
with the road to
Blandford c 1 i n ging
along its foot. We
planned to pass the
night in the Cove, for
we had been told that
sunrise from the
mountain-top was a
spectacle whose
beauty could never be
forgotten.
Dropping anchor
well up the cove, we
lowered our jib and
let down our mainsail
to form a shield from
the evening dews.
Then we cuddled
comfortably into our
warm rugs and thus settled for the night. The beetling moun-
tain and the dark water became almost equally invisible ; the
silence was unbroken save by an occasional hoot of an owl from
the dark forest, the splash of a fish from the water or the distant
wild laugh of a loon. Before we finally fell asleep the moon
climbed over the brow of the mountain, veiling its rugged slopes
in misty glory.
To fully appreciate this beautiful spot one must see it either
in the early morning or evening. About four o'clock next morn-
ing we pushed our boat alongside an old wharf and effected a
landing. The ascent of the mountain was by no means easy ;
there were rough boulders, great trees and tangled bushes ; but
we finally reached a small tableland overlooking the bay, from
whose western edge the precipice dropped hundreds of feet to the
cove below. Instantly all fatigue is forgotten. Spread out be-
fore us in a magnificent panorama is the whole beautiful bay
with its hundreds of islands. Not the faintest breath ruffles its
surface, heavenly blue and just beginning to blush rosily at the
approach of the sun. Each lovely islet hangs entranced over its
own image in the depths below. To the left lie the Tancooks
and Ironbound, the home of a fine, hardy race of fishermen.
Far away on Western Shore a trail of white smoke marks the
approach of the iron horse, whose track we must follow away
from the corner of Paradise. Right at our feet Deep Cove lies
still in faint shadow, yet each tree and branch on the mountain-
side is faithfully reproduced below ; the Blandford road looks
like a bit of white cord dropped carelessly on the shore, and our
trusty little boat, which has helped us enjoy two delightful
weeks, seems but the veriest toy.
Give me the hills and wide water,
Give me the heights and the sea ;
And take all else, 'tis living
And heaven enough for me.
For my fathers of old they were hillsmen,
My sires they were sons of the sea.
THE HILLS AND THE SEA
Give me the uplands of purple,
The sweep of the vast world's rim,
Where the sun dips down, or the dawnings
Over the earth's edge swim ;
With the days that are dead, and the old earth-tales,
Human, and haunting, and grim.
Give me where the great surfs landward
Break on the iron-rimmed shore,
Where Winter and Spring are eternal,
And the miles of sea-sand their floor ;
Where Wind and Vastness, forever,
Walk by the red dawn's door. — W. Campbell.
Canadian Life and Resources
HOMES OF CANADIAN PUBLIC MEN
CANNING, N.S., probably knows Sir Frederick Borden
best as a physician, for it was there forty years ago that
he began the practice of his profession. In Ottawa
where, during the past fifteen years at least, the greater part of
his time has been spent, he is known as Minister of Militia and
Defence. Since taking office he has been obliged to live at the
Capital, and his home, situated in the southern part of the city
and within fifteen minutes' walk of Parliament Hill, is one of
the most beautiful residences there. Sir Frederick was first re-
turned to the House of Commons in 1874, and with the excep-
tion of one Parliament he has had a seat there ever since, repre-
senting Kings, N.S., which only once since Confederation has
elected a Conservative. He saw the Mackenzie government
come into office and go out ; he sat through the long years of
Liberal opposition, and when his party returned to power in
1896 he took office as Minister of Militia and Defence, and has
held that portfolio ever since. The spacious grounds surround-
ing Sir Frederick's home and the abundance of trees and shrub-
bery are an instance of that feature of the residential quarters of
Ottawa which contributes so much to the beauty of the Capital.
Ottawa is a city of homes, each with its lawn and garden, and
the streets are wide and well-kept.
The residence of the Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Interior.
THE Ottawa residence of Mr. R. L. Borden is situated
about a mile east of Parliament Hill, near the Rideau
River. It is surrounded by spacious grounds contain-
ing an abundance of trees, flowers and shrubbery, which in
almost every residential part of Ottawa delight the eye and so
largely add to the beauty of the homes of its citizens. This
residence was built a few years ago, and when the Rt. Hon. Sir
Charles Fitzpatrick was a member of the Government he lived
here. Two years ago it was purchased by Mr. Borden, and since
then it has been the Ottawa home of the leader of the Opposition
and one of the centres of the brilliant social life of the Capital.
All Canada knows of Mr. Borden as a public man and a lawyer,
but few know that like so many other men who have achieved
distinction, Mr. Borden was once a teacher. After completing
his classical education he was for a time one of the professors in
Glenwood Institute, New Jersey. Returning to Halifax he
studied law, was called to the bar and soon rose to the head of
the profession. Mr. Borden was born at Grand Pre in " the
land of Evangeline." He has another beautiful home in Halifax,
where he resided until his arduous duties as a party leader com-
pelled him to make his home in the federal capital. He became
leader of the Opposition in February, 1901.
The residence of Sir Frederick Borden, Minister of Militia and Defence
IT was in the winter of 1905 that the Hon. Frank Oliver,
member of the House of Commons for Edmonton, Alberta,
became Minister of the Interior. Hitherto, as soon as the
session of Parliament came to a close, he had been free to return
to his home and his newspaper office in Edmonton, but upon
taking charge of one of the departments of the Government he
was obliged to reside in Ottawa, and so he purchased the pretty
residence which is now his eastern home. Mr. Oliver is one of
the many sons of Ontario who have gone West and succeeded.
He was born in Peel County, and when little more than a youth
cast in his lot with the people of the prairies. When Edmonton
was only a frontier post he established a newspaper there. The
railway was far distant and supplies had to be hauled in by ox-
train. Paper was expensive and often the pages of his journal
were small and few ; but he filled them with the very matter the
people of the district wished to read and the paper lived and
flourished. Mr. Oliver had been a member of the Legislative
Assembly of the North- West Territories before he entered the
House of Commons in 1896. At the general election of 1904 he
won the distinctian of receiving the largest m^joiily recorded
during the campaign, namely, 2,009. When he sought re-
election as a Minister he was returned by acclamation. Mr.
Oliver's constituency is a large one, for it extends to the north-
ern boundary of Alberta and, therefore, includes a large portion
of the valleys of the Athabasca and the Peace rivers.
The Ottawa home of Mr. R. L. Borden, Leader of the Opposition.
16
Canadian Life and Resources
IfJf;
Athabasca Landing, the jumping-off place for the Par North.
Making the over-land journey to Peace River Landing.
NORTHWARD HO !
TRAVELLING ON THE PEACE RIVER TRAIL AND FLOATING
DOWN THE GREAT RIVER ON A RAFT TO FORT VERMILION
THE development of the past ten years has robbed western
travel of its element of adventure and even of its pioneer
conditions of difficulty and hardship. The Red River
cart, once the right arm of transportation service on the prairies,
has been shorn of its glory, and its journeyings now seldom ex-
tend beyond the immediate locality in which its owner lives.
The pack-horse and the "prairie schooner" are disappearing
before the on-coming of the iron-horse, and the people of the
West travel as do the people of the East, by means of well-
equipped railway trains running over well constructed and well
maintained tracks of steel. The " Wild West " of Indians and
buffaloes and prairie trails has given place to three well ordered
and rapidly developing Provinces over .
the greater extent of which prevail the
conditions of modern civilization.
It is now in the North that one
must look for the wilderness. Here
roads are for the most part but tracks
through the forests and across the plains,
rivers are unbridged and the canoe and
the dog- train are still the principal means
of transportation. To some of the rivers
the steamboat has come, but the railway
has not yet reached this great hinterland
of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and he
who would travel through it must have
time on his side and be prepared to rough
it in true frontier fashion.
The manner in which journeys are
made and goods carried into this Far
North is simply and yet very graphic-
ally described in an account, somewhat
in the form of a diary, of a trip made in
the early spring of 1907 by Mr. Fred-
erick S. Lawrence from Edmonton to
Fort Vermilion on the Lower Peace
River, where for almost twenty-five
years Mr. Lawrence made his home, co-
operating with the other members of his
family in cultivating a farm which has
the distinction of being the most northern tract, of any consider-
able size, under crops on this continent.
This diary, never before published, cannot, owing to its
length, be reproduced here in whole, but sufficient can be ex-
tracted from it to give the reader a pretty clear idea of what
' ' Northward Ho ! " means to the traveller who wishes to pene-
A piece of especially bad road.
trate the southern portion of the Mackenzie Basin. The
supplies Mr. Lawrence was moving northward were for
the Experimental Station, which the Federal Department of
Agriculture, largely owing to the representations of Mr. Law-
rence, established at Fort Vermilion. Spring was coming on
and it was essential to the success of the season's work at the
station that the supplies be delivered as early as possible. " For
baggage," writes the northern traveller, "we carried a change
of clothes, a copy of the ' Sky Pilot ' and a kodak."
The journey commenced at Edmonton on May ist and five
days later Athabasca Landing was passed and the team of horses
hauling the heavily loaded wagon, were headed for the
Lesser Slave Lake. The road was very
heavy and for long distances it led
through a bush country "wit hits almost
interminable muskeg, bush and fallen
timber, with here and there a lynx
snare." The first halting place was the
settlement at the west end of the Lake
where there are busy trading posts, two
saw-mills, a grist-mill, several threshing
outfits and two large, well-built churches.
The next stage of the journey was
from Lesser Slave Lake to Peace River
Landing. " This road," writes our
traveller, " has the reputation of being
the worst in North America." There
was mud everywhere ; here and there
deep holes and stumps all along the way.
A bridge had been burned and Hart
River had to be forded. It was found that
the water would reach to the top of
the waggon-box. "The load was thrown
off and a floor made of poles was laid
across the top of the box, part of the
load piled on, and as the waggon did not
happen to capsize the opposite shore was
reached in safety. During the next trip
the waggon stuck in the mud and we
had to get into the water and mud to
pry out the wheels before the team could haul the waggon
across. . . A considerable portion of the road led through land
that showed evidence of great fertility, and upon cultivation it
will produce crops equal to those of any part of the North West".
Peace River Landing, four hundred miles from Edmonton,
was reached on the evening of May jyth. Here is a flourishing
Canadian Life and Resources
$*>:&
if > yfr; «l
^_ — - .•.^•11
Ready for supper at the end of a hard day's journey.
settlement containing trading posts, churches and mission schools,
and the homes of a number of successful farmers.
The remainder of the journey was made by means of a raft
upon which the supplies and baggage were loaded. Steered by
the travellers it was borne by the current down the Peace River
to Fort Vermilion, three hundred miles northward. This part
of the journey was performed in fifty-three and a half hours,
"without stopping once, landing or going ashore."
" Merrily we glided along," writes the northern traveller ;
"at the rate of 5^ miles an hour down the great Peace River now
swollen by the recent thaws in the Rocky Mountains. The
quickly changing scene was full of interest — great sandstone
cliffs, banks eight hundred feet high down whose face noisy riv-
ulets poured into the river, with here and there heavily wooded
islands thrusting themselves into the channel. . . On one corner
of the raft a fire-place had been made of clay and there our meals
were cooked. During the afternoon of the first day we passed
the mouth of a creek where seams of coal could be seen.
The sloping hill-sides were covered with grass, and on a small
The raft and its crew floating down the Peace River.
knoll about half way up a huge black bear was feeding. A little
farther on two more bears were seen, and then we passed Tar
Island so called because of the spring of mineral tar or asphalt,
um found on the gravel bar. There is also a flow of natural gas
here.
At ten o'clock day-light faded into the shadowy night of the
North. On watch to keep our raft in the proper channel we
were silently and steadily carried on our way through the vast,
lone wilderness. Shortly after one o'clock the eastern sky began
to brighten and a few minutes after four the sun showed above
the horizon."
That morning the mouth of the Battle River was passed. It
was here that the Beaver Indians, desperate at being driven from
their southern hunting grounds by the Crees years ago, made a
desperate stand and compelled their enemies to sign a treaty of
peace. From these events the two rivers have taken their names.
Further on the river grew wider and the banks were not more than
two hundred feet high. Sounds of a terrific combat reach the
raftsmen. " Presently a large moose, with sides and flanks torn
and streaming with blood, plunged over the brow of the hill,
followed by four or five gaunt timber wolves. Down the steep
hillside they came, through dense underbrush, over fallen tim-
ber, straight for the river. With the wolves almost upon it the
maddened moose leaped from the last ridge of land into the icy
water and swam swiftly towards the opposite bank. Seeing
that their prey had escaped, the wolves set up a howl of rage
and disappointment and slowly returned to the forest."
" The sun is now going down in this lone northern land,
while our raft is being borne by the mighty Peace River silently
yet swiftly to its destination. Past long, dark wooded islands
we aie swept onward, and through those fertile valleys whose
woith as an agricultural country the Experimental Station, to
which we are carrying supplies, will, we hope, demonstrate to
the people of Canada."
During the brief hours of the May night — the last of the
journey — the travellers did not dare give themselves up to sleep
Where heavily-wooded Islands thrust themselves Into the channel.
fearing that while they slumbered their raft would be carried
past their desired destination at Fort Vermilion. Watch was
kept and the travellers were ever ready to run out their long
oars and pull for the shore as soon as the landing-place at the
Fort came within sight.
The sun rose clear and bright and on they glided, but soon
their eyes recognized the familiar and welcome banks on which
stood their homes. The raft was then rowed out of the swift
current, and at five o'clock in the morning of May 2ist it was
brought safely to its moorings at Fort Vermilion. The whole
journey from Edmonton, a distance of seven hundred miles, had
been made in exactly twenty days. The voyage of three hun-
dred miles on the raft from Peace River Landing to Fort Ver-
milion was made in two days and a-quarter, the remainder of
the time being occupied with the tedious journey across country
from Edmonton to the Landing.
The purpose of the trip was accomplished. The supplies
were delivered in time and the Experimental Station in the Far
North was established.
Citizens of the Far N irih •who welcomed the travellers home.
18
Canadian Life and Resources
OUR HISTORY IN STATUES AND
MONUMENTS ^" * '!
XXII.
BORDER countries, as a rule, are the scenes of events which
make history. The fact that owing to their geogra-
phical position they mark the limits of the national do-
main, tends to accentuate in those localities the national idea and
to bestow upon them something of the character of perpetual re-
minders of national allegiance.
And in days of strife when appeal is made to the cruel and
equally unreasonable arbitrament of war — days long since past
so far as our happy land is concerned and which all hope may
never return — it is the border country that first hears the clash
of arms, furnishes for the most part the battlefields and bears
longest the scars of the conflict.
Much of the history of Eastern Canada was made along the
southern frontier of the Province of Quebec. That history began
almost three hundred years ago when Champlain passed up the
lake that bears his name and attacked the Iroquois in the Adir-
ondack forests. Through the century of conflict between the
rival colonies that watercourse was the great highway of war.
Along this frontier were fought, during the war cf 1812-14, the
battles of Chateauguay and L,acolle Mill, and in the uprising of
1837-38 it was the scene of
several conflicts.
The last occasion on
which the peace of that
frontier was disturbed was
on May 25th, 1870, when
an attempted Fenian inva-
sion was frustrated by the
victory gained by a hand-
ful of farmers at Eccles'
Hill.
In the spring of 1866
a Fenian force of consider-
able strength invaded the
parish of St. Armand East
which forms the southeast-
ern border of the County
of Missisquoi, Quebec, and
owing largely to the neg-
lect of the Government of
the day in not protecting
the Missisquoi frontier, the
invaders were able to pil-
lage the homes and farms
of the locality.
" Directly after the raid of 1866 the sturdy farmers and
leading men of Dunham and St. Armand resolved to take meas-
ures to protect themselves in case of another invasion, and pro-
ceeded to organize themselves into a company known as the
Home Guards, under the lead of Capt. Asa Westover. This
company procured the best breech-loading rifles and an ample
supply of ammunition. Some of the very best shots in the county
joined the ranks. At the first intimation of a second raid in
1870, Capt. Westover's men were on the alert. Scouts were sent
across the lines to watch the movements of the Fenians, and
guards were posted at various points along the roads crossing the
boundary, in order to insure against surprise and to check the
advance of the enemy. They gathered much information re-
garding the movements of the Fenians and on the morning of
May 25th they were found at Eccles' Hill, ready to meet the
invaders."
At this point the international boundary runs through a
valley down which flows a small stream. From each side rise
hills whose tops are clothed with maple trees. The ridge to the
north of the line, known as Eccles' Hill, is covered with ledges
and huge boulders, which afforded excellent shelter to a defend-
ing force, and it was from behind these defences that the little
band of Canadians repulsed the invaders of thirty-eight years
ago.
The following account of the battle is taken from the report
of the Missisquoi Historical Society :
" On the morning of May 25th, 1870, Eccles' Hill presented
a lively scene. Reports gathered by the Canadian scouts during
the night were to the effect that a body of Fenians, estimated at
four hundred, were at Hubbard's Corner, in Franklin, Vt., only
a mile away, and were evidently preparing to advance across the
line into Canada. As a natural consequence, great excitement
prevailed, crowds of citizens were hurrying in all directions.
Captain Westover's men, wearing red scarfs, were posted at
points about the hill quietly watching the movements across the
line, where the Fenian pickets could be plainly seen in the dis-
tance. Colonel Brown Chamberlain had arrived with a few men
of the 6oth Rifles, Imperial,
less than thirty in all, and
was making preparations
to meet the enemy. Cap-
tain Bockus, with the vol-
unteers, occupied the left
of the line, up to the crest
of the hill. The Home
Guards were posted to the
right, from the crest of the
hill along a line of rocks
extending down towards
the creek at the foot of the
hill. Directly the Fenians
came into view, marching
down the road two com-
panies being in advance of
the main body with fixed
bayonets, kept steadily on
until within a few yards
of the iron post, when they
broke into the^double and
in a minute were upon
Canadian soil. Along the
Canadian line for a few mi-
nutes previous to this there had been utter silence, not a person
moved, not a word was spoken. All were intently watching
the enemy. Then from down the right of the line where were
posted the Home Guards, there came a single shot, instantly
followed by a volley from the whole line. The silence was brok-
en, the engagement had begun, and so rapid was the firing that
one continuous volley rolled from Eccles' Hill and echoed over the
surrounding country. At the first fire a Fenian fell dead, and
several more were wounded. For a moment there was utter
confusion in their ranks. They halted as the storm of lead struck
them with such force. They returned the fire for a few minutes
then staggered, wheeled and fled in all directions for shelter be-
hind the buildings and fences. The main body turned to the left
and made for a wooded hill opposite the Canadians' position
where they opened fire, but with little or no effect. For a time
a fire was kept up by both sides, and finally ceased, with only
occasional shots. A little later on the Canadians, having been
The monument marking the battlefield at Eccles' Hill, erected In 1902 by the
Dominion Government under the supervision of the
Missisquoi Historical Society.
Canadian Life and Resources
reinforced by cavalry, the Victoria Rifles of Montreal and the
52nd Battalion of Brome, formed a skirmish line, and advanced
down the boundary line, and drove out the Fenian invaders, who
fled far out of reach of the Canadian bullets. The battle was
over the day was won, and the Canadian force returned and
camped on the hill, ready for action at a moment's notice, if re-
quired."
The monument marking the Eccles' Hill battlefield, erected
by the Federal Government under the supervision of the Missis-
quoi Historical Society, was unveiled on Dominion Day, 1902.
Col. Asa Westover who commanded the Home Guards on that
eventful 25th of May, 1870, was present to take part in the cere-
mony. But few of his comrades were then alive and he, too,
has since passed away. The Federal Government was represent-
ed at the unveiling by the Hon. Sidney Fisher, Minister of
Agriculture.
The monument is solid and enduring. " It stands upon a
high plateau and can be seen from a long distance. When the
grounds are finally graded, and trees planted it will be a very
attractive spot, an ornament to the locality and an honor to the
Government as well as the Missisquoi Historical Society under
whose inspiration and supervision it was erected."
NOTES OF THE EMPIRE
" Canada and the Empire is our politics."
AUSTRALIA is a very long way from Canada and our
people have not very much knowledge of, or interest in,
the great island continent in the Southern seas. Yet
the affairs of the Commonwealth ought to be followed with
attention by Canadians. .Although many political conditions
there are very different from those with us, Australia and Canada
have many problems in common to solve.
Great Britain of her defence in war time, that is all that can be
expected of a people of little more than four millions. We agree
with her absolutely in preferring to spend any money she can
spare for naval defence upon a defence fleet of her own rather
than to send it to be spent in Whitehall. We have said often
enough in these pages that we believe our own best policy lies
in following the same course.
A
USTRALJA in the past has been an example of the na-
tional evils arising from a country being isolated. It is
not good for nations, any more than for individuals, to
live alone. Canada would not have
been the country she is, had it not
been for the proximity of that power-
ful neighbor, the United States. In
the presence of this great rival, inter-
nal differences were sunk in a spirit
of patriotism, Australia in her peace-
ful solitude developed fads and fan-
cies. She might have had a popula-
tion in excess of our own had she not
discouraged immigration even from
Great Britain, on the assumption that
nobody was quite good enough for
Australia but an Australian. But the
Japanese Russian war has changed
everything in the Pacific, and not
least of all, public opinion in Aus-
tralia.
I
THE Australians now feel Japan
to be very near to them — in-
deed they feel her presence
more than we do, although we are
much nearer. Take their attitude on
the question of national defence.
Whilst there were practically none
but British warships in the Pacific,
Australia took little more than an
academic interest in the meaning and
importance of naval power. She was
safe from attack because there was no
power anywhere near to attack her. Hence her rather languid
support of the British navy and her neglect of military training.
N the closing days of last session the Federal House of Re-
presentatives voted a sum for the establishment of cordite
and small arms factories. The former is to be located on
the Saltwater River, near Melbourne,
where an area of some 250 acres has
been selected. It is estimated that the
maximum capacity of the works will
be about 150 tons of cordite per an-
num, although the actual output is
likely to be very much less. The
traditional policy of employing Aus-
tralians will be followed as far as pos-
sible, but the Minister of Defence has
announced his intention of importing
a few skilled men for the more tech-
nical operations. The small arms fac-
tory is to be established in Lithgow,
near the works where Australian iron
is being produced. The machinery
is to be of the most modern type and
will be capable of producing 45,000
rifles a year. It is hoped that both
factories will be in operation about
eighteen months hence.
I
Lord Dudley, new Governor-General of the Common-
wealth of Australia.
BUT the rise of a great naval power in the Pacific swiftly
changed her feeling towards the question of national de-
fence. She has just committed herself to a great scheme
of universal military training which promises to give her in a
few years a manhood trained to arms and the problem of her
naval defence is exciting keen interest and debate all over Aus-
tralia. It seems to us that in commencing a scheme of providing
coast defence boats, she is on the right lines. If she can relieve
N various quarters the opinion is
expressed that the establishment
of these works has been delayed
quite long enough. It has been felt
that the entire dependence of the
Commonwealth upon external sources
for the means of defence was unde-
sirable, if not dangerous. The Sydney
Mail thus sums up the situation :
" When we have these factories, the patriotic Australian will
breathe a little easier. While we are dependent upon the out-
side world for guns and ammunition, our position is serious be-
yond all exaggeration. Even the half- barbarous Ameer of
Afghanistan has his small and big gun factories, with the sup-
plementary machinery for turning out the requisite ammunition
for both ; and the spectacle of a community so far advanced in
civilization as the Commonwealth, so self-assertive in its policy
towards powerful alien races, and so isolated from auxiliary
nations, without the appliances to make even the small arms and
cartridges required for its slender forces, was one of almost
20
Canadian Life and Resources
maniacal folly. That, with such tremendous preparations for
war apparent almost everywhere else, this Commonwealth should
have spent seven years wrangling over domestic problems and
hoity-toity politics, over ' hatters ' and ' potters,' instead of pro-
viding for itself the primary essentials of self-defence, illustrates
in a remarkable way the gambling spirit of the Australian people,
which thus lightly staked what was nothing less than national
existence against the chances of war."
Sydney harbor, there were eight other powerful armored cruisers
— battleships in all but name — about to start for Samoa, besides
two more battleships on their way to Europe. Thus the United
States had at the moment in the Pacific three squadrons of great
war-vessels, visiting waters where ships of their magnitude had
never swum before.
REGULATIONS creating an Australian Volunteer Auto-
mobile Corps have been approved by the Governor-
General in Council and have been issued to the officers
commanding in the various States. Steps will at once be taken
to bring into being this latest addition to the defensive forces of
the Commonwealth.
ONCE again we must say how necessary it seems to us
that Canada should at once commence some scheme of
naval defence. Great Britain was heavily burdened
enough by her expenditure for Imperial armament before she
decided to give old-age pensions to all deserving persons over
seventy years of age. This provision for her aged poor will cost
her at once at least six million pounds annually and before long,
without doubt, much more.
THE reception which Australia and New Zealand gave to
the United States fleet was something very like a de-
monstration against the British-Japanese alliance. It
was not to see a British fleet that 300,000 people covered the
hills round Sydney harbor. The ships belonged to those whom
at other times the Australians have regarded as somewhat dis-
tant kinsmen. They regarded the visit of the United States
fleet as an indication that the Americans are determined to secure
their position in the Pacific. They were showing what manner
of fleet they will keep in those waters when they have doubled
their naval strength, as they intend to do during the next few
years. The demonstration which they gave was extraordin-
arily complete. For, in addition to the sixteen battleships in
NEXT year, in addition to meeting this new expense, she
must reply to Germany's great shipbuilding programme.
If the British Empire is to remain mistress of the sea
the colonies must take up their share of the burden of Imperial
defence. And they ought to commence at once. Any minute
Germany may take the offensive. And you will be powerless to
help the Mother Country without ships. You can improvise an
army but not a navy. It is the duty of every reader of these
words, if he feels as we do, to let his representative at Ottawa
know his opinion upon the matter. Next time you meet him in
the street or in the hotel or wherever else, put this matter before
him. And don't be put off by an evasive answer. This matter
is of urgent national concern.
' ilHI 111
Types of homes in Regina, the capital of Saskatchewan, and one of the most important centres In Western Canada.
NOTES OF THE WEST
'T^ HE forestry branch of the Department of the
-*- Interior has had a party in the field this sum-
mer making the first investigation of its kind to be
conducted in the pine and spruce country of Saskat-
chewan. It has been generally believed, and has
indeed been stated by different government officials
and in the western press that our northern forests
are inexhaustible, that they extend unbroken for
three hundred or more miles north of the Saskache-
wan river, and that they will always supply the
world with timber, pulpwood, ties and fuel. But
already it has been found that even after the few
years of lumbering at Prince Albert ties and logs
are becoming harder to get, fires are yearly destro-
ying, and even fuel of a poor quality commands a
ready sale at fair prices.
If such is the case now, says the Manitoba Free
Press, it is only fair to suppose that after a few years
of logging, when settlers become more numerous,
and the demand for wood and timber greater,
conditions will be worse. Consequently, the fores-
try branch, which may be rightly held responsible
for the state of affairs, is endeavoring to secure
information that will be of value in the management
of timbered land. About one hundred and eighty
square miles of land, too sandy for agriculture,
known as " The Pines Forest Reserve," have been
selected as the area upon which to study the con-
ditions affecting the jackpine of the Prince Albert
country. The specific objects of this investigation
are to learn how long it will take cut-over and
burned-over jackpine land to regenerate itself and
grow to a large enough size to produce poles, ties
and building logs, also how large a quantity of such
material will be produced per acre at different ages.
As this timbergrows at a very regular rate, this
information can easily be obtained by measurements
of felled trees and of areas which have come again
after burns and clearings of known ages. It is also
desired to learn what systems or regulations for
cutting would best meet the requirements of the
logger and settler and yet improve the forest.
Another and probaly the most important result of
the investigation will be the devising of a system
of fire protection for forested lands in this country.
This much of the summer's work will apply in
general to the whole region orer which natural
conditions are the same ; but a great part of the
work will apply only to the reserve upon which
the party is situated. A very complete map is
being made, which will show the location of all
trails, streams and important physiographic features
such as muskegs, meadows or lakes. Further,
every body of small or large timber, open land or
seedlings, each species separately, if it covers an
area of ten acres or over, will be located on the
map, so that whoever has charge of the reserve
Canadian Life and Resources
21
will always know where to find any timber of
whatever size is desired, any dead stuff which should
be cut, any open area which is fit for grazing, tim-
ber or grass which is ready and should be used by
the people at once, or other tracts which require
special attention.
Enough work has not yet been done to enable
anyone to say much about the timber possibilities
of the north country so far as a second crop is con-
cerned, except that it is everywhere apparent in
the woods that fire protection is necessary and that
a greater economy in cutting should be practised.
A factor increasing the danger from and rendering
more destructive the fires, is the habit of leaving
slash. On many cut-over limits, some of them
within easy reach of a goodcordwood market, one-
half of the timber still lies on the ground. This is
more especially the case where ties are cut. Jack-
pine will frequently only make one or two ties to
the tree. These are hewn on the spot, the top,
probably fifty feet long, is left lying on the ground
creating a slash, which, together with the standing
trees too small to make ties, feeds a fire hot
enough to consume the soil with the timber.
The encouraging part of the outlook is that after
a fire or cutting the poorest of land is immediately
covered with a thick crop of young timber. Nature
has evidently developed the jackpine to meet the
conditions prevalent on the burned-over laud of
the north country. It will grow on the sandiest
land, makes a rapid juvenile growth and begins to
produce seeds when only ten or twelve years old
The cones hang on the trees for years without open-
ing, the seeds still retaining their fertility, but
should a fire destroy the timber, cones will be
opened by the heat without being destroyed, and
enough seeds will be spared from the flames to
start another crop. This tree is adapted only to
sandy lands, unfit for agriculture, but pre-eminen-
tly adapted for forest reserves. It is the policy of
the forestry branch to select this land as permanent
forest reserves, give it adequate fire protection and
good business management, so that when the
remainder of the country is settled there will still
remain a source of fuel and timber supply. Such
a policy will aid greatly in the full development
of the West and will only be possible with the full
cooperation of the people of the West.
Samuel Scott, factor of the Hudson Bay Company's
post at Fort Rat on the Mackenzie River. He has
been in the north for 28 years engaged in fur
trading, and goes east to visit his family at Winni-
peg. L. S. Straus of Chicago arrived with furs of
the Swiggert Fur Trading Company, and E. D.
Nagle arrived with Hislop & Nagle's fur. Another
arrival is W. Pearce, Calgary, who has been look-
ing over the Peace River and Lesser Slave district
for the C.P.R. James Campbell of Winnipeg who
was stationed at the Hudson Bay post at Arctic
for the past six years is in the city. He goes east
to his borne in Winnipeg. Joseph Keele of the
Dominion Government, who has been making a
survey of the Rocky Mountains between the Yukon
and Mackenzie districts during the past year, ar-
rived in the city. With him came two men. R. B.
Riddell and J. M. Christie, who went into the Yu-
kon in 1898 and are making their first trip out.
Several other northerners also came out, including
missionaries, traders and trappers.
provement as a result of the increased demand for
lumber from northwest points. As an instance of
how the market is improving, it was stated recent-
ly by a lumberman that within the" past ten days
one northwest yard has placed an order for 200
cars of fir lumber with the Coast mills, half the
order going to a New Westminster sawmill and the
remainder to a mill at Cbeniainus. While the de-
mand has been steadily growing better during the
past month, the prices secured are not of the best,
owing to the recent slashing of the list made by the
Coast mills as a consequence of the cancellation of
the price agreement between the Coast and Moun-
tain mills.
The Merchants Bank of Canada recently opened
a branch at Wainwright in the Province of
Alberta, the branch being in charge of Mr. H. G.
Morison.
Every Dominion lands office in the Canadian
West was besieged on the morning of September
ist when the new Lands Act of the Dominion came
into force. Thousands of men and women had
taken up positions on the night previous, had re-
mained up all night and were in the line-up when
the sun rose and the office doors were thrown open
for business.
Acting upon instructions that grew out of past
experience, the officers in charge had strong fences
arranged so that the applicants could only approach
in single file. Besides this, they had inaugurated
a system of numbering, by which the man in line
could leave if he wished and return and take up
his position. As a result of these precautions the
business was done with dispatch and the attending
crowds bided their time in patience and, except in
comparatively few cases, succeeded in getting the
land they were after. In many instances these
were very desirable farms, being as high in price
as $30 to $60 an acre.
To give an idea as to the number applying for
the new homesteads and pre-emptions, it may be
stated that at the end of the first three days after
the lands were thrown open, over 300 entries were
made and 500 ticketed in Winnipeg ; over 900 were
ticketed ai Moose Jaw and the entries were being
taken as fast as the staff could handle them ; at
Estevan over 300 were ticketed and 225 entries re-
ceived ; Calgary, lidmonton and Prince Albert had
a great many applications, and seven other land
offices sent in similar reports.
A party of editors from a number of cities and
towns of Minnesota recently made a tour of West-
ern Canada, and having returned to their homes
they are now telling in their respective newspapers
of what they saw on their Canadian trip. The West
St. Paul Times recalls the excursion of the Minne-
sota editors from Winnipeg to the Pacific Coast ten
years ago. Referring to what has happened in the
interval the writer says : " Thousands of miles of
new railway lines have been built, and the develop-
ment of the country has made marvellous strides.
Millions of acres, then lying in their wild and un-
touched state, have since been transferred into
grain fields. Towns have sprung up as if by the
wand of a magician, and their development is now
in full progress. It is a revelation, a record of con-
quest by settlement that is remarkable."
The Hutchinson Leader characterizes Western
Canada as " a great country undeveloped." The
summer outing, it says, extending over a period of
twelve days, and covering approximately 3,600
miles, " was declared by all who had ever been on
any previous excursions to have been the most en-
joyable and most profitable outing ever taken by
the association. It was an eye-opener to every
member of the party, even those who were on the
excursion through Western Canada ten years ago,
over considerable of the territory covered this year,
being amazed at the progress and advancement
made in that short space of time. The time will
come when Western Canada will be the bread-
basket of the world. It was a delightful outing
through a great country of wonderful possibilities
and resources, bounded on the north by aurora
borealis, on the south by the International bound-
ary, on the east by the rising sun and on the west
by the setting sun."
" A number of interesting people came into the
city recently from the north," writes a correspond-
ent in Edmonton, Alta., " among them being
Both the lumbering and logging industries of the
Pacific Coast are exhibiting signs of a healthy im.
Thirty-one cars of cattle in prime condition were
shipped to Montreal for export to Great Britain
from Yorkton, Sask., during one week recently.
They had all been bred in the Yorkton district.
A ranch at Cypress Hill ; nine hundred horses being driven Into the corral.
22
Canadian Life and Resources
ABOUT WOMEN
FROM Cape Breton to Vancouver
Island the all-absorbing event of
the month is the general federal
elections. Throughout the Dominion poli-
tics are not only to the front, but in almost
The Countess Grey, wife of the Governor-
General of Canada.
every home and in places where people
meet it is the dominant, and in many cases,
practically the only topic of conversation.
Nor is this interest in public affairs con-
fined to actual electors or to men. Although
Canadian women have not the parliament-
ary franchise, nor have they yet in large
numbers or in any very serious way asked
for it, still a very large minority of them,
representing perhaps the most intellectual
and best informed of their sex, have their
eyes upon the political field and hold strong
opinions respecting the merits of the issues
and the fitness of the men seeking offices of
public trust. To what extent their views
and their quiet but widely diffused influ-
ence contribute to the decision of the con-
test cannot be accurately or even approxi-
mately gauged, but unquestionably it is
large, perhaps much larger than even the
shrewdest politicians realize or would be
willing to admit. All the ballots are cast
by men, but thousands of electors, and
usually electors of the very best class — men
whose interest in politics begins and ends
with the desire for good government — have
been influenced in the decision they have
arrived at and to which they give practical
expression at the polls, by the opinions and
preferences of women with whom they are
associated in social or domestic life. Most
Canadian women — perhaps practically all
who deserve such power — are to some ex-
tent represented at the polls by their fathers
or husbands, their sons or their brothers.
When this phase of the political battle is
considered it is seen that even with a fran-
chise restricted to males a general election
is not an event that concerns men only. If
there is often a power behind the throne
there is also in thousands of cases a power
behind the man voter — a power that often
he does not care to admit, but which he
feels nevertheless and often obeys. The
owner of the hand that marks the cross on
the ballot thinks he rules the nation, but
there is often an unseen hand which, if it
does not exactly rule him, at least points
the way that he imagines he has unaided
selected for himself.
THREE women who, owing to the
high offices held by their husbands,
occupy what may be called quasi-
official positions in Canadian life, are the
three ladies whose portraits appear on this
page. The elections — the leading event of
the month — by making their husbands the
most prominent actors on the national
stage, have also somewhat increased the
prominence from which it is impossible for
them to escape.
The Countess Grey has now been a resi-
Lacly Laurler, wife of the Prime Minister
of Canada.
dent of Canada for four years. During those
four years she has travelled extensively
throughout the Dominion and there are
few Canadian women so well informed as
she respecting the greatness of the country,
its resources and its possibilities. And per-
haps what is of greater importance is her
sympathetic and practical interest in the
life of the Canadian people. No cause that
has for its object the relief of suffering and
distress or the improvement of industrial
and educational conditions, and particular-
ly those concerning women, has ever ap-
pealed to her in vain.
When Parliament is in session the Coun-
tess Grey may often be seen, on an after-
noon, occupying a seat on the front bench
in the Speaker's Gallery of the House of
Commons, attentively listening to the de-
bates. High as is her husband's position,
this is a privilege denied him, and it is de-
nied simply because of the highness of his
position. Centuries ago in England, when
the relations between the Crown and Par-
liament were not so amicable and so clearly
defined as they are to-day, the unwritten
rule grew up that the King must not attend
the sittings of the House. The rule still
stands, and His Excellency the Governor-
General of Canada observes it strictly.
UNQUESTIONABLY the two women
who are watching the progress of
the present political contest with
greatest interest and anxiety are the wives
of the two party leaders. The result means
so much to their husbands that they must
feel that they are taking a part in the
battle. This is the fifth period of stress
and anxiety resulting from a general elec-
tion through which Lady Laurier has pass-
ed since her husband became leader of his
party, and only once has the result been
disappointing. That was in 1891, the last
occasion on which he led the Liberal oppo-
sition to defeat. But her public life ex-
tends much farther back than that, for as
early as 1 874 her husband was a Minister
of the Crown in the Government of Alex-
ander Mackenzie. From that time she was
one of the leaders, and since 1896 the leader
of what may be called political society in
the Canadian capital. A leader of greater
charm of manner and more unaffected grace
that society never had.
Mrs. R. L. Borden was a society leader
in Halifax before the acceptance by her
husband of the leadership of the Conserva-
tive Parliamentary Party compelled the re-
moval of their home to Ottawa. During her
residence in Halifax Mrs. Borden took an
active part in what may be called the
" women's work " of the city. For several
years she was President of the Halifax
Mrs. B. L. Borden, wife of the leader of the
Conservative Party.
Canadian Life and Resources
Council of Women, resigning the office in
1901. She was also President of the Aber-
deen Association and Vice- President of the
Women's Work Exchange. From the time
of her marriage in September, 1889, until
her removal to Ottawa in 1901, when her
husband. was chosen leader of the Conser-
vative Party, Mrs. Borden's beautiful Hali-
fax home, " Pinehurst," was the scene of
many brilliant gatherings. Equally bril-
liant have been the gatherings in her pres-
ent home on the banks of the Rideau.
A well-known writer in speaking of Mrs.
Borden says : "An active- minded, amiable,
talented woman, she has contributed much
to her husband's success, both politically
and socially throughout the Dominion."
Floating
" Faintly is tolls the evening chime
Our voices keep tune and our oars keep time.
" Row ! brothers ! Row ! The stream runs fast !
The rapids are near, and the daylight spast."
Moore's Canadian Boat Song.
\7ES> Brothers ! Row ! Row each his boat !
* I row no more ; I only float.
The stream, which long has been my road,
On which I hurried as it flowed,
And where the busy oar I plied
Or shaped my course from side to side,
Still strongly bears my failing boat —
I row no more ; I only float.
I see the stream more swiftly run
Than when its course was first begun ;
The rapids' boding voice I hear
Still drawing nearer and more near ;
The noontide brilliance all is past —
Eastward the shadows long are cast —
But I no longer row my boat,
Or try to row — I only float ;
Yet still find round me, none the less,
Abundant cause for thankfulness.
O Lord ! Send Thou Thy peace to be
Still a companion unto me,
That I may have no shade of fear
Of unknown rapids drawing near ;
That I may hear the distant chime
Of bells beyond the walls of Time ;
That I may feel my failing boat
Still in Thy guidance as I float,
Till I shall reach the tideless sea,
The Ocean of Eternity !
Robert Dewey Hencdid in the National Magazine.
'THE PLEASURES
Of the tub are intensified by
using Baby's Own Soap.
Leaves the ilcin fresh and frag-
rant.
Best for Baby— Best for You.
ALBERT SOAFS
Ltd., Hfr*.
HON1IEAL
That fits perfectly !
This is the general comment heard when referring to garments selected from Scrog'g'ie's
Catalogue, and it's true, and what's more, they wear well and retain their original correct
shapeliness and good fit. Why do you continue to buy poorly made, ill-fitting garments
elsewhere when the same outlay or less will buy satisfying garments here. Get our
new Fall and Winter Catalogue to-day it's free. You run no
risk. We promise to satisfy you or refund your money. Can we do more ? Everything
for the home and person. A trial order proves what we say and makes you our regular
customer. See what we say about delivering goods free to your home. It means more
saving to you. Get our Catalogue before placing' your Fall order.
LADIES'
NEWEST
COAT
$6.75
A5O-ThisCoat is the best value for $6.75
we have ever been able to secure for our
mail order customers, having the style, fit
and workmanship equal to any high-priced
Coat. It's a genuine snap at the price and
highly recommended for the Fall and
Winter season of 1908-9.
This Coat is handsomely made of very
fine English Frieze Cloth, in black and
navy, and smartly trimmed 01 cuffs and
body with rich military silk braid ; it has
silk buttons and beautiful velvet collar.
Can be had either semi-fitted, as shown in
the illustration, or loose, double-breasted
style, yoke lined and cut 48 inches long.
Comes in bust sizes 32, 34, 36, 38, 40 and
42 inches.
Special Price, -
$6.75
Failings described below come in BlacH, White, Cream, Shy, PinK and Helio
A51— Smart Chiffon Frilling, as cut, I inch
wide. Yard, 14c., or neck length, - 5c.
A52 — Same Frilling, i^ inch wide. Yard
19c. , or neck length 8c.
A53 — Same Frilling, i}4 inch wide. Yard
29c., or neck length - lie.
— Double row Frilling, \yt inch wide.
Yard 35c. , or neck length - - 14c.
A55 — Fine double row Chiffon Frilling, as
cut, i'/i inch wide. Yard 23c., or neck
length - - - 9c.
A56— Single row, i inch wide. Yard 18c.,
or neck length .... 7c.
A57 — Beautiful Net Frillings, as cut, in white
and cream only. Yard 39c., or neck
length 15c.
A58 — Fine Chiffon Frilling, as cut. Yard
49c. , or neck length 19c.
MAIL
ORDER.
DEPT.
MONTREAL
QUE.
Canadian Life and Resources
THE TREND OF THE MARKETS
DURING SEPTEMBER
A DAILY RECORD OF THE FLUCTUATIONS DURING THE MONTH
Better times
at hand.
During the two earlier months of the summer the representative Cana-
dian stocks scored important gains. Conservative critics felt that if this
ground was held during September it would be cause for
congratulation. The records show that the gains have
been firmly held, while in some cases further important
advances were seen. What might be called the final estimates of the West-
ern wheat crop reduced the yield for the three Prairie Provinces to a little
over 100,000,000 bushels — one careful authority says 95,000,000. But it
will be one of the most profitable crops yet harvested — for the cars received
are grading one-Northern, and the price is in the neighborhood of a dollar
a bushel. It is exerting a powerful influence towards lifting the gloom of
the depression — in the East as well as in the'West.
In the first half of the month the Canadian Pacific Railway Company
issued its annual report for the fiscal year ended June 3oth, and the figures
submitted have received the usual world-wide notice.
Briefly the gross earnings were within a million dollars
of last year's results, but operating expenses were two
and a-half millions greater, making net earnings three and a-half millions
down. After meeting fixed charges, dividends on preference and ordinary
stock, a surplus was left of $5,579,715, as against $9,339,005 in 1907. Though
the current year has begun with important losses in gross, the Western har-
vest is expected to bring back the regular gross increases ; and it appears
The C. P. R.
balance sheet.
Compiled exclusively for CANADIAN I.IFB AND RESOURCES
that the stockholders are reasonably free from the anxiety as to dividend
reduction which has been troubling stockholders of a number of the leading
United States railways.
As everybody expected the strike appears to be beaten. It is to be
feared, as a leading Montrealer expressed it, that much distress will result
this winter, principally to the strikers and their families, because of their
having forced the company to bring in workers from abroad.
The milling companies' stocks — notably Lake of the Woods common —
have again been strong. Rumors were current that the newly organized
Western Canada Flour Mills Co. was to be amalgamated with the Lake of
the Woods. Also probably some stockholders have been building upon an
increase in the 6 per cent dividend on the common stock. Tt is understood
that the Canadian Northern Railway is heavily interested in the Western
Canada Company. It is scarcely likely that they would wish to be merged
right away at the outset of what looks like a promising career.
Holders of Dominion Steel securities have been encouraged by the con-
tinued activity of the company's plants. The company has been remark-
ably free from the effects of the depression. The money
borrowed by Canada from abroad has, of course, been
largely instrumental in bringing this to pass. Thanks to
that, the Government, the big railways and other corporations have been
able to place large orders with the big steel plant, in the execution of which
Steel and
BanK stocks.
Canadian Life and Resources
The Merchants' Bank
OF CANADA
ESTABLISHED 1864
CAPITA!, PAID-UP - - - 96,000,000
RESERVE FUND & UNDIVIDED
PROFITS 94.267,400
President, SIR H. MONTAGU AIXAN, Kt.
VIce-President, JONATHAN HODGSON, Esq.
E. P. HEBDEN, General Manager.
T. E. MERRETT, Supt. of Branches and Chief Inspector.
BRANCHES AND AGENCIES
ONTARIO
Acton
Alvinston
Athens
Belleville
Berlin
Bothwell
Brampton
Chatham
Chatsworth
Chesley
Creemore
Delta
Kzanville
Elora
Elgin
Finch
Fort William
Gait
Gananoque
Georgetown
Glencoe
Gore Bay
Gran ton
Hamilton
Hanover
Hespeler
Ingersoll
Kincardine
Kingston
Lancaster
Lansdowne
Leamington
Little Current
London
Lucan
Markdale
Meaford
Mildmay
Mitchell
Napanee
Oakville
Orillia
Ottawa
Owen Sound
Parkdale
Perth
Prescott
Preston
Renfrew
Stratford
St. George
St. Thomas
Tara
Thamesville
Tilbury
Toronto
Walkerton
Watford
West I/>rne
Westport
Wheatley
Williamstown
Windsor
Yarker
QUEBEC
Beauharnois
Lachine
Montreal
(Head Office)
1255 St Cath St E
320 St Cath St W
1330 St I«aw Boul
Town of St. I«ouis Arcola
Quebec' Carnduff
" St. Sauveur Gainsboro
Rigaud
Shawville
Sherbrooke
St. Jerome
St. Johns
St. Jovite
MANITOBA
Brandon
Carberry
Gladstone
Griswold
Macgregor
Morris
Napinka
Neepawa
Oak Lake
Portage la Prairie
Russell
Souris
Winnipeg
ALBERTA
Calgary
Camrose
Carstairs
Daysland
Edmonton
Ft. Saskatchewan
Lacombe
Leduc
Lethbridge
Medicine Hat
Olds
Red Deer
Sedgwick
Stettler
Tofield
Vegreville
WAR
Maple Creek
Melville
Oxbow
Whitewood
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
Vancouver
Victoria
UNITED STATES
New York
63 & 65 Wall St
Agents in Oreat Britain
ROTAL BANK OF SCOTLAND AND BRANCHES
Hea J Office, - MONTREAL
its full staff of officers and workmen have found
steady employment.
The resumption of activity by the big Lake
Superior Corporation plants at the " Soo " has
proved another source of much encouragement to
the financial and business interests.
A stock that showed great strength was Montreal
Power. Under heavy buying it went above par a
half-do/.en points. Investment purchases by the
United Kingdom are said to have been largely re-
sponsible for the rise. Also, it is understood, the
effort of Mr. Leslie M. Shaw and his associates to
lease the properties has helped to bring about the
advance.
The Bank of British North America reported
profits for the six months ended June 3oth as
,£43,612 against ^"48 527 for the corresponding six
months in 1907. This is in line with the results
shown by other banks. The directors appropriated
same £T, 600 to write the bank's holdings of Domi-
nion Government bonds down to a lower level.
H. M. P. Eckardt.
PUBLIC
SERVICE BONDS
Combining a high income basis
with unquestionable security. Offer-
ings gladly submitted with full
particulars.
W. Graham Browne a Co.
Bond Dealers Montreal
The Canadian Bank
of Commerce
Paid-up Capital. $1O,OOO.OOO Rest, $5,OOO,OUO
HEAD OFFICE. TORONTO
Board of
B. E. WALKER, President. ROBERT KILGOUR, Esq., Vke-President
Hon. Geo. A. COT Joseph W. Flavelle, Esq. H. D. Warren, Esq.
Matthew Leggat, Esq. A. Kingman, Esq. Hon. W. C. Edwards
James Crathern, Esq. Hon. L. Melvin Jones Z. A. Lash, Esq., K.C.
John Hoskin, Esq., K.C., LL.D. Frederic Nicholls, Esq. E. R. Wood, Esq.
ALEX. LAIRD, Gen'l Mgr. A. H. IRELAND. Supt. of Branches
Branches throughout Canada and in the United States
and England
London, England, Office. 2 Lombard Street. E.C.
S. CAMERON ALEXANDER, Manager.
New YorK Agency, 16 Exchange Place
WM. GRAY and C. D. MACKINTOSH, Agents.
This Bank transacts every description of Banking Business, including the issue
of Letters of Credit and Drafts on Foreign Countries, and will negotiate or
receive for collection bills on any place where there is a bank or banker.
REMEMBER
QUEBEC !» eelebrtxtinef its
TER-CENTENARV ihls summer
RODGERS'
Cutlery & Plate
NONE GENUINE unless bearing the TRADE MARK;
26
Canadian Life and Resources
British Citizenship
To the Editor of CANADIAN L,IFE AND RE-
SOURCES :
SIRj — Who has not read the five orations
of Cicero directed against Verres for
his crimes while Governor of Sicily? There-
in he depicted the rights, the privileges and
the dignity of Roman citizenship. But if
in such a little world as that of two thou-
sand years ago, filled with the crimes and
corruptions of Rome itself, Cicero was able
to clothe his subject with so much majesty,
how eloquent a pen is required to describe
the greatness of British citizenship, found-
ed on British justice ; supported by, guard-
ed by British institutions, which in their
force and effect circle and almost dominate
the world. Secure in life and property,
both at home and abroad ; accustomed to
the protection of the flag, in every part of
the world, the citizens of the British Em-
pire are apt to take it all as a matter of
course — to overlook the majesty of British
justice — the work, the treasure and the
blood which have been expended in its de-
velopment.
If the Japanese can find cause to worship
at the graves of their ancestors, how much
more is it becoming in us to remember the
history and revere the memory of those
who lavished their treasures and their blood
of old ; who labored and suffered, and who
fought and perished, to establish on a last-
ing foundation the rights, the liberties and
tlie securities which we now enjoy. What-
ever part other nations have played in de-
veloping the arts and sciences, it was Great
Britain which, as the centuries rolled by,
taught them the principles of constitutional
government.
Examine the best of English authors,
poets, novelists, historians, essayists, with
the exception of Shakespeare alone, they
are not artists — at least not as the French
understand art. They are sermonizers,
advocates at the bar, judges analyzing cer-
tain facts. They are all moralists. They
describe characters, or parts of characters,
either to praise or to blame. Thus was
British justice begot. Thus has the nation
become conscience- bred, and thus well-fit-
ted for the work of colonization, for con-
trolling the markets of the world and afford-
ing security for her citizens in every part
of it.
I have already said we view too lightly
the value of our flag. The long period of
comparative immunity from war, revolu-
tion and political unrest has produced over-
confidence. But now more than one man,
high in authority and behind the scenes,
predict war in the near future. Everyone
knows that a conflict between Britain and
Germany would not be confined to those
two nations ; but wise would he be who
would foretell the end of such a struggle.
Humanity is much the same as when Car-
lyle wrote "Latter-day Pamphlets" and
" Sartor Resartus."
Were Britain's prestige on the seas seri-
ously reduced, Canadians might be the
first to feel its effect. Fresh subjects for
" diplomacy " would probably arise. Brit-
ish Columbia would have to alter her ideas
on immigration, or cast in her lot with her
neighbor to the South, and once more we
would have an annexation party in Canada.
Far better that the Colonies, of which Can-
ada is the principal, should pay their share
of protection on land and sea by contribut-
ing to the cost of the navy, an act at once
conformable to common- sense and justice.
J. S. MATHIESON.
Montreal, September 28th, 1908.
A GREAT OFFER
OF WELL-KNOWN
—COPYRIGHT—
NOVELS
m I By special arrangement with the publishers, we are enabled
jj to offer the readers of Canadian Life & Resources an excep-
tional opportunity. At all seasons of the year there comes the desire
for light reading, and when one can obtain a choice of standard
fiction from a lift such as we have enumerated below, the chance
should not be neglected.
Choice of 15 Popular Novels
C=~ ===5
Donovan Pasha Sir Gilbert Parker
The Right of Way .....
The Crisis Winston Churchill
Richard Yea and Nay Maurice Hewlett
The Benefactress . Author of "Elizabeth & Her German Garden"
Whosover Shall Offend F. Marion Crawford
The Heart of Rome " "
Dr. North *& His Friends ... Dr. S. Weir Mitchell
White Fire John Oxenham
The Cherry Ribband S. R. Crockett
Maid Margaret "
Double Harness Anthony Hope
Carette of Sark John Oxenham
Hope My Wife . L. G. Moberly
Kid McGhie . S. R. Crockett
Our vSpecial Offer
On receipt of $ 1 .50 we will mail to any address
in Canada Canadian Life & Resources for one
year and your choice of any of the volumes men-
tioned above. The book and magazine may be
sent to separate addresses. The majority of the
books are published at $1.50 and are beautifully
bound in cloth.
Canadian Life and Resources
Beaver Hall Hill
MONTREAL.
Canadian Life and Resources
About a Shell and the
Sea- Eagle
ON a ledge of rock by the sea-coast
lived a large shell-fish, whose shells
were as broad and deep as a wash-hand
basin, and so heavy that a man could hard-
ly have lifted them. This was a giant
clam-shell. Although it was such a mon-
ster, there could hardly be in all the world
a more peaceable and harmless creature,
living quietly on its rocks, opening and
shutting its two halves, and absorbing nour-
ishment from the little, almost invisible
creatures swimming in the water.
But twice daily, at low tide, the sea drew
back from it, and then the shell stood high
and dry, shut itself up, and waited patient-
ly till after six hours the water returned to
it.
But on that sea-coast there lived also a
sea-eagle, who had built his eyrie on a
rock. He would sit for hours motionless,
waiting for a fish or some other sea beast
to show itself, when he would pounce upon
it, seize it with his strong claws, tear it to
pieces with his beak, and eat it. He was a
fierce, greedy bird.
And so it happened that the sea-eagle sat
one day opposite the rock where the giant
shell-fish had opened itself out, like an in-
dustrious scholar opens his book. The tide
was going out, and the upper edges of its
shell were already above water, when just
as it was thinking it was time to close as
you close your book at the end of your les-
son, the hungry bird caught sight of the
shell- fish. He darted down upon it and
drove his long talons into the gaping shells,
to tear out the poor peaceful creature inside.
But this time the robber missed his mark,
for directly the shell-fish felt the touch of
its uncivil guest, it shut both heavy shells
together with a bang, jamming the bird's
claws between the edges, and holding him
in a vice. The shell was far too heavy for
the eagle to carry away to his eyrie, and
was so strong that he could not draw his
foot out of its hold. Screeching and strug-
gling were in vain, the shell kept tight
hold of the thief, till after six hours the
water began to rise again and the bird was
drowned. But not till he lay lifeless did
the shells let go their hold, when he drifted
away on the sea as a warning to others who
would reach too far and do harm to other
peaceful creatures. — Richatd Wagner in
The Educational Review.
Science and Invention.
IN nature there is no such thing as an
absolute vacuum
" Nothing could be absolutely empty,"
says Mr. Arthur Brisbane, the well known
writer and journalist of New York, when
discussing the plan and merits of one of the
most wonderful inventions of recent years
by means of which liquids can be kept warm
or cold as desired.
Around us there is a good enough vacuum
— that is to say, there is the mass of ether,
so-called, a substance so thin that we can
hardly conceive of it. Through this ether
our earth rolls, carry ing its atmosphere and
its heat along with it. And after millions
of years of rolling we have got almost as
much heat as we started out with. We
have lost only just enough of it to give a
crust to our earth and make our life possi-
ble.
This ether that surrounds us, and in
which our warm earth travels, is inconcei-
vably cold. If you could get to the top of
this atmosphere — it is not so many miles
high — and stick your head out into that
HIGH GRADE
With its topaz-like
clearness and aromatic fragrance — a cup
of Chase & Sanborn's Coffee holds
out a promise of deliciousness that
is more than fulfilled in the
drinking.
For unqualified perfection in
coffee, be sure to order Chase &
Sanborn's.
92
Kelsey
users say that the colder
the weather the warmer
the house.
The Kelsey is a fuel saver and also a heat
maker.
XHe Kelsey does not send gas or dust through
the house.
Th»e Kelsey burns everything to a fine ash ; no
sifting of ashes.
The Kelsey does not radiate heat in the cellar.
The name Kelsey stands for the
Best that can be had.
The Kelsey system has three times as much
heating surface as any other heater with same
grate surface. Send for Kelsey booklet.
The James Smart Mfg. Co., Limited
'Winnipeg, Man.
BrocKville, Ont.
WINNIPEG
THE INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL CENTRE OF WESTERN
CANADA OFFERS MANUFACTURERS AND CAPITALISTS
MANY PROFITABLE OPENINGS
Convincing facts showing progress and development of Winnipeg.
Winnipeg
Offers Capital greater combined ad-
vantages than any other city
in Canada.
Send for free 100 page illustrated
booklet showing facts, figures
and home life.
Address CHAS. F. ROLAND,
Commissioner,
Winnipeg, Canada
Population. Assessable property.
$ 26,405,77000
48,214,950 oo
80,511,725 oo
106,188,833.00
Year.
I901 44,778
1904 67,265
1906 i",7i7
1907 118,000
Bank clearings.
$106,956,720.00
294,601,437.00
504,585,914.00
599,667,576oo
Buildings erected.
Winnipeg ' 'has construct-
ed 145,233,55° in new
buildings in past five
years."
Winnipeg
Started eighteen new
manufacturing indus-
tries in the year
1907.
Winnipeg
Has increased her manu-
factured output from
$8,616,248 in 1901 to
$18,983,290 in 1906.
IN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS PLEASE MENTION
Canadian Life and Resources
28
Canadian Life and Resources
"Guess I'm Bilious"
Surely you know
how to get rid of
Biliousness. Your
old friend in time
of trouble will
help you —
Descent
25c and 60c a bottle.
MENNEN'S
BORATED TALCUM
TOILET POWDER
Baby
...id Mamma's greatest comfort. Mennen's relieves and
prevents Chafing, Sunburn, Prickly Heat and Chapping.
For your protection the genuine is put up in non-
refillable boxes— the "Box that Lox," with Mennen'.
face on top. Sold everywhere or by mail 25 cents
Sample free.
Try Mennen's Violet {Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder— It
has the scent of Fresh-cut Parma Violets. Sample Free.
GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J.
Mermen's Sen Yang Toilet Powder, Oriental Odor ( No
Mennen's Borated Skin Soap (blue wrapper) ( Samples
Specially prepared for the nursery.
The ENGRAVINGS
" Canadian Life and Resources "
since the first number, have been made by
us. " The best illustrated magazine "pub-
lished in Canada."
We make engravings for all purposes
and guarantee satisfaction.
The Standard Engraving Co.
Designers — Engravers — Electroty pets
Beaver Hall Hill MONTREAL
ether your head would be frozen solid in
about a hundredth part of a second. If
our atmosphere should vanish, and if the
cold ether should close down and come in
contact with our earth, all the oceans and
lakes would become solid lumps of ice, and
every living thing would instantly be frozen
stiff and frozen stiff forever, or until some
heat-creating cataclysm should occur.
Heat does not travel through a vacuum.
Heat can no more go from one side to ano-
ther of a chamber containing no air than
you could go from one side to another of a
room containing no floor. The mysterious
thing we call heat must move from one
atom of the air to the next, and so on. If
you take the air out of a space surrounding
a bottle the heat can neither go out nor
go in, and therefore the inside must stay
at the original temperature. There could
be only a slight loss or addition of heat at
the neck where the two are joined."
^ This is the secret of the Thermos Bottle
and it is the application of that principle
that makes it not only a real wonder but
one of the most useful articles ever produ-
ced.
"The bottle," explains Mr. Brisbane,
"consists of two glass bottles, one inside the
other and joined together at the neck.
There is an air space between the two bottles
or divisions, and from this all of the air has
been extracted, forming a vacuum, as near-
ly complete as possible. And that is all the
secret there is to it.
The bottle is constructed in such a way
as to prevent heat from coming out or from
going in. If you put hot stuff inside the
bottle the heat cannot come out. If you
put cold stuff inside the bottle the heat
cannot go in and spoil its coldness. And
this is because the bottle is built upon the
lines of the earth on which you live.
This Thermos bottle will keep liquids ice-
cold all day, or it will keep things boiling
hot for hours, as you prefer. Whatever
you put in the bottle at a certain tempera-
ture, high or low, remains at that tempera-
ture no matter what the weather may be.
For intance, a workman going off in the
the morning can fill the bottle with hot
coffee and find it hot at noon on a cold
winter day. A woman going out to the
park with a child can put cool milk in the
bottle and find it cool hours afterwards,
even though it may have lain upon the
grass in the hot sunlight."
The Character of Samuel
de Champlain
ABRIEI/ Hanotaux, writing in Les
Annales (Paris) reminds the people
of France and of the world that they ought
not ignore the glory of Samuel de Cham-
plain, founder of Canada, destined to be-
come a vast empire. Says M. Hanotaux :
"Samuel de Champlain, born in Brouage,
belongs to the times of Henry IV. and
Richelieu. By profession he was a sailor.
His treatise on the sea and the good sailor
is still known. In it he tells, in an engag-
ing manner, what the seaman ought to do
and to be. Champlain was taciturn and
had little to say for himself. But he was
active, brave and prudent, and so humane
that he endeared the name of France to the
savages with whom he passed the greater
part of his life. He entered upon his colo-
nial career under the patronage of Mme. de
Guercheville, a woman of little importance
at the present time, but who was then the
patroness of two men noted in French his-
tory, Richelieu and Champlain. This
woman had determined to spread the re-
nown of France and the glory of the church.
AN ABSOLUTE CURE FOR
RHEUMATISM
One thing causes Rheumatism — uric
acid in the blood. This poison which
attacks the gristle covering of joints
and muscles is formed when the kid-
neys, bowels or skin fail to remove
impurities from the body. These
impurities (urea) are changed in the
blood to uric acid.
The only way to cure Rheumatism
is to remove the uric acid from the
blood and prevent it from being formed
again.
" Fruit-a-tives " do this by keeping
kidneys, bowels and skin in perfect or-
der, thus insuring pure, rich blood.
If you suffer with Rheumatiim, cure yourself
with
or Fruit Liver Tablets
25c. and 5Oc. a box. At all dealers
rom
cation negatives
VELOX
Velox is madeespecially for use with
negatives that have been exposed un-
der the harsh conditions of light that
the amateur almost invariably encoun-
ters — no other paper therefore, so
well fits his particular requirements.
( We make other papers for the profes-
sional that are suited to his needs).
Velox is simple to handle, prints in any
light, requires no darkroom for deve-
lopment and permits the amateur to
utilize the evening hours for print
making.
There are grades and surfaces to suit
all negatives and all tastes— either black
and white or the sepia tone is at the
command of any amateur. If you do
your own printing, use the paper that
is made to meet your specific needs —
Velox. If you have your printing done
by another, insist on the use of the
paper that is made to suit your negati-
ves, the paper that is right — Velox.
" VelOT Booklet " free at any Kodak
Dealers or by mail.
Canadian Kodak Co.,
Limited.
Toronto,, - - Canada
Canadian Life and Resources
MATHEWSON'S
SONS
The Oldest Whole-
sale Grocery House
in Canada : : :
IMPORTERS OP
TEAS
COFFEES
AND
WHOLESALE
GROCERS
ESTABLISHED 1834
202 McGiLL STREET, MONTREAL I
J
Canadian
Express Co.
Operating over the line* of the
Grand TrunK System
Canadian Government Lines
and other Important
Rail and Water Route*
General Forwarders of
Merchandise, Valuables, Etc.
Special Rates and Facilities
on business bet-ween
GREAT BRITAIN and CANADA
Money Orders Issued
Payable at par everywhere.
General Offices, - - Montreal, Que.
JAS. BR.YCE,
Vice-President and Manager.
UPTON'S
Pure
Orange
Marmalade
Correct thing for
the breakfast table
" It's Pure
That's Sure."
Th. Chase-Casgraln, K.C
B. Fabre Survejrer
Joseph W. Weldon
Victor B. Mitchell
A. Chase-CasRraln
BrrolM. McDougall
Vf
cGibbon, Casgrain, Mitchell H Surveyer
Canada Life Building, Montreal
Advocates, B * r r i H t « r B , fee.
olicitor> for The Royal Bank of Canada, The Sovereign
• ik of Canada, The Rojal Tn»t Co., National Truit Co.
In 1610 she went among the courtiers and
collected money to provide for Canadian
missionaries and to found a trade there in
pelts and fish. The company which she
formed was the first to work seriously for
the colonization of Canada. Champlain,
who had already made several journeys to
Northern America, entered the service of
this company. On one of his exploring
trips he discovered a place where he thought
the company's efforts ought to be concen-
trated. Tadousac was then the centre of
the fur trade. Champlain passed Tadousac
and pressed on to Quebec, the point where
the river narrows. This was the modest
origin of the future capital of Canada."
With never more than one or two com-
panions, and often alone, Champlain went
straight forward into that new country
which so often reminded him of the land
of France — " the prairies, the groves, the
corn and barley fields, the tobacco fields,
and the bushy growths of billberry and
raspberry. ' '
" From north to south, from east to west,
he travelled. He ascended the St. Law-
rence, passed the rapids, and fixed the sites
of the great cities to be, Montreal and
Ottawa. He came to a lake that appeared
as a great inland sea, Lake Ontario ; then
to another, Huron ; then, turning toward
the south — ' toward Virginia ' — he found
still another lake and gave it his own
name."
"To our minds Champlain was some-
thing more than an explorer ; he was a
Statesman and the founder of an empire.
Turning his attention toward the south, he
guessed the future of the immense coun-
tries then seen but dimly. He cherished
the plan of uniting the inland country and
all the establishments founded by the
French at different points of North Ameri-
ca. He saw that the succession of great
lakes that he had discovered would be of
incalculable importance in making connec-
tions with the mighty rivers running south.
His aim was to join Canada to Louisiana
and Florida. Twenty times Champlain
made the voyage across the Atlantic, going
and coming on the little boats used by the
hardy mariners of those days. When in
France he stormed heaven and earth with
his projects. He interested Richelieu, but
the Cardinal was busy with national
troubles and with Rochelle. The establish-
ments in the new France were given over
to England and restored to France only
through the direct personal intervention of
Champlain. To him was due the credit of
delaying the error accomplished a century
later. The colony founded and defended
by Champlain flourished and developed.
Until 1635 his efforts were furthered by
Richelieu, and these two earnest men, work-
ing together, built up the colony beyond
the sea." _ _
Deer Lassoed in Cobalt Lake.
AS in other regions of Northern On-
tario, when settlers and prospectors
near Cobalt killed off their inveterate ene-
mies — the wolves — the deer began to mul-
tiply. A year or two ago deer were hardly
ever seen in the bush round the silver cen-
tre ; now they are fairly numerous. Not
two miles from Cobalt, on Cross Lake,
where several busy mines are located, a
doe was seen recently in the water by some
men working nearby. A Texan, expert
with the lasso, and a man to paddle him
out, pushed out in chase in a canoe. The
doe swam desperately but was overtaken
and lassoed round the forelegs. She was
so helpless that the rope was transferred to
the neck and the animal led ashore. The
doe was then set at liberty.
Quality in Printing
pays the manufacturer
or merchant, it
Brings Business
No business man can afford to
issue poorly printed advertising
matter ; it costs as much to dis-
tribute and goes to the waste-
paper basket.
We have always made a
specialy of
Result-bringing Printing
DESBARATS & CO.
Desbarats Building
23 Beaver Hall MONTREAL
'Stuff Beautiful Birds
I Learn by mall to stuff and mount
I all kinds of blrdx, animalw, n-h mil
J trame head? ; make r UK*, tan Bklns.
/Mount your own upeclmt-ntt and
7 make money preserving for others.
Intensely fascinating ; highly prof-
itable. Men, women and boyn learn
easily and quickly. 8ue?e»N runran-
I teed or no tuition. Write today for
>ur wonderful FHKK book "How to
. Learn to Mount Birds nncl Animals."
N.W. School of Taxidermy. f)OX I?o p Omaha. Nab.
I- INK
Used on this publication
was manufactured by the
Canada Printing InK Co., Ltd.
TORONTO, ONT.
The Grand Union
The Popular Hotel of Ottawa
JAMES K. PAISLEY. Prop.
We Want Agents in the West
<
4
TO SEI.I,
CANADIAN | IFE.
and
P^ ESOURCES
IF
f ,
<T We give a very high commission but
need the best references. Any bright man
or boy can make from two to three dollars
One of our agents took one thousand new
subscriptions and renewals last year . .
YOU CANNOT EARN MONEY EASIER
Canadian Life and Resources
KEEP POSTED
Publications
issued by
Intercolonial
Railway
describing tKe
Fishing
Boating
Bathing
Hunting'
of
QliebeCand the
Maritime Provinces
are now with the printers
Ton can have your name on
the list by writing to
MONTREAL TICKET OFFICE
141 St. James Street (St. Lawrence Hall)
Or General Passenger Department,
Moneton, New BrunswicK
Highlands of Ontario' for Big Game
Deer and Moose abound in all that
District known as ihe " Highlands of
Ontario" reached by
Open Season for Small Game in Province of Ontario
DUCKS — September ist to December 3151 inclusive.
GE.E.VIL — September 15th to April 30th inclusive.
PLOVER— September ist to December i^th inclusive.
QUAIL — November ist to December 1st inclusive.
SNIPE — September ist to December 15th inclusive.
WOODCOCK — September i.sih to December isth inclusive.
H A-R-KiS — October ist to December 3ist inclusive.
SQUIR.R1&LS — November ist to December ist inclusive.
OPEN SEASON
DEER— November ist to November
15th inclusive.
MOOSE— November ist to November
i5th inclusive. In some of the
northern districts of Ontario, includ-
ing Temagami the open season is from
October i6th to November isth inclu-
sive.
Write to the undersigned agents for
copy of " Haunts of Fish and Game "
containing maps, Game Laws and all
particulars: J. D. McDonald, D. P. A.,
Toronto, Ont. ; J. Quintan, D.P.A.,
Montreal, Que.
W. E. DAVIS
Passenger Traffic Manager,
G. T. BELL
General Passenger & Ticket Agent,
Montreal.
NEW TRAILS TO THE
Canadian Game Lands
Before the six railways of Canadian Northern System followed the old fur trails into the
Canadian game lands, only a hardy few dared to go in. But now, the back places of the woods
— wealthy in moose, caribou, deer and bear — may be quickly and easily reached. The Canadian
Northern system serves a wide range of undisturbed territories. Here are a few suggestions: —
The country between Parry Sound and Sudbury, traversed by the CANADIAN NORTHERN
ONTARIO RAILWAY, is a land of lonely muskeg and brul£, the native country of the white-
tailed deer. From Sudbury noith to Sellwood this same line goes in through a moose hunting
territory unequalled in Ontario.
THE CANADIAN; NORTHERN QUEBEC and QUEBEC AND LAKE ST. JOHN RAIL-
WAYS span the native country of the ouananiche, northern brook trout, and the spruce shored
lakes of the Roberval country where moose and caribou abound.
The eastern shore of Nova Scotia, from Yarmouth to Halifax, is served by the HALIFAX
and SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY. On the barrens, slightly inland from the railway, are
some of the best places for big moose in the east.
THE CANADIAN NORTHERN RAILWAY, from Port Arthur to Edmonton, with many
branches, griddles almost undisturbed haunts of moose, caribou, deer, wolves, bear and all
species of four-footed and feathered game.
For information— general and special — address the Information Bureau,
Canadian Northern Railway, Toronto.
BIG GAME HUNTING
MOOSE DEER BEAR
Mountain Goat and Mountain Sheep
The mosT: famous game resorts are best reached by
The Canadian Pacific Railway
Write for copy o f
Fishing and Shooting
ROBERT KERR
Passenger Traffic Manager, Montreal, Que
Canadian Life and Resources
Your Fall
Business Suit
The 4 button sac-
coat is a feature
this fall. It has very
graceful lines and
also a deep roll
from $ I 8. up.
to be correct must be tailored
with natural shoulder effect -
must not be too long — should
show the lines of the figure
slightly if you are normal, and be
loose if you are slender.
There are a number of other
details which we will look after
for you if you will allow us. We
give special attention to the indi-
vidual. That is why we are
the best tailoring service in
the country.
Shops all over Canada.
THE THERMOS BOTTLE
PAWTirXJTQ HOT 24 HOURS WITHOUT FIRE
Vxl/li 1 ILIi 1 v3 COLD 72 HOURS WITHOUT ICE
NEVER REQUIRES ANY PREPARATION
THE
0U>
THE %:
DANGEROUS
ALCOHOL STOVE
WONDERFUL
THERMOS ftOTTLE
DON'T LAUGH!
ITS SERIOUS !
This is the experience of past
generations.
You had it at least as an infant.
Poor Papa! Poor Baby!
Loss of sleep and prowling
around at nights.
Sure Route to Colds, Coughs,
Croup, and sometimes
Pneumonia.
Almost a DarK Age System.
Investigate
THermos Bottles are sold at all first-
class stores ; you can buy them every-
where, or we will ship direct, prepaid,
east of Winnipeg on receipt of price,
if your dealer won't supply you.
JUST THINK OF
THE JOY!
The wonderful Thermos Bottle
has brought into homes.
For Mama, Papa and Baby
Mama Sterilizes MilK.
Brings the temperature up to
202F.
It can then be placed in
Thermos Bottle and -will
remain hot and sweet
24 hours.
Thermos Now
Thermos Bottle is a necessity for every home,
traveller, sick room, hospital, hunter,
motorist, and out-door sport.
7OO.OOO Sold in 19O7
Always ready for use. Pints $3.5O tip, Quarts, $5.5O up.
Write to-day for free booklet telling about all the wonderful things the Thermos Dottle does.
CANADIAN THERMOS BOTTLE CO., LIMITED, MONTREAL, Canada
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