Canadian machinery and metalworking

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Why five years i

Because within the past five years there has been an
unprecedented development in Canadian railroads. The
steel rails have been laid north, south, east and west.
The building of the G. T. P., the expansion of the C. P.
K., the miles of lines of the C. N. R. under construction
and the inroads of other railroads have made a demand
far larger and better tools.

Because motor drive is being used more in railroad
and manufacturing shops ; and because (and this is pro-
bably the chief reason) there has been the introduction
of new high speed steel necessitating greater driving
power, wider belts and a more substantial machine.

Canadian companies have shown themselves very pro-
gressive and have improved all their standard lines as
well as increasing the number of machine tools manufac-
tured. Others have devoted their time and attention to
one line, improving it to give a maximum production.
Besides carrying on experiments themselves, they have
watched those being made by machine tool manufactur-
ers of other countries. The result has been great im-
provements in Canadian-made machine tools.

Five years ago with carbon steel a very slow machine
speed was satisfactory. The fact that machines have
been developed to work at a speed from 2 to "> times
that speed according to the work, tells the story of how
machine tools have been redesigned and more heavily

i! rue tod.

Planers have required a great deal of attention to
make them stand up to their work. A few years ago,
it was recognized that finishing cuts could be taken at a
higher speed than roughing" cuts, but now this, is re-
versed. The introduction of high speed steel has brought
about the reversal of conditions.

McGregor, Gourlay Shaper.
Rack driven shapers are subject to these conditions
mentioned for the planer. Now a slotted arm is recog-
nized as best because the speed is reduced at the be-
ginning and end of stroke. Fig. 1 illustrates a Mc-
Gregor, Gourlay Co. 16x20 inch shaper. It gives 8
changes of speed where 1 were formerly used. It is now
considered essential to have automatic down feed of tool
where formerly it was a luxury.

The machine illustrated in Fig. 1 is of modern de-
sign and stands up well when using high speed steel.
The ram has square slides and is worked by an improved
adjustable crank and slotted lever, the length of stroke
being instantly set by a dial and pointer on the opera-
tor's side of the machine, the longitudinal adjustment
is made quickly and positively by means of a double
thread screw. The tool block slide has automatic feed
up or down at any angle. The screw of this has a
micrometer index graduated in thousandths of an inch.

The cross feed screw is also provided with micrometer
index, and the feed stops automatically at either end of
the slide, preventing breakages through carelessness.

McGregor, Gourlay Co. Lathe.

The 20-inch lathe illustrated in Fig. 2 is built for
modern steel requirements with increased belt power
and variety of feeds. In increasing the width and speed
of belt, difficulties have arisen in shifting. To overcome
this the McGregor), Gourlay Co. designed the permanent
belt shifter shown in Fig. 2. This works easily and
quickly. .Another point is the feeds. A few years ago 3
changes were thought to be enough, but now 50 changes
of feed are instantly available. '

In the 20-inch lathe shown in Fig. 2 the cone is made
with three steps, large in diameter, and takes an extra
wide belt, which is changed by the shifter mentioned.
There are two sets of back gears which with two fric-
tion pulleys on the countershaft give 18 changes of speed
in geometrical progression, instantly available. For high
speed work this is an entirely satisfactory arrangement,
as it gives six changes of speed for finishing and small
diameters at much greater pow.er than has been furnish-
ed, direct on the spindle from the r«alt. Six changes
through a back gear of low ratio for roughing at a high
speed, and six changes through a comparatively high
ratio, back gear for large diameter.

The feeds and screw cutting changes are instantly
obtainable by the movement of a lever to the different
positions given on the index plate. All the gears con-
nected with this mechanism are made of steel, and when-
ever running on studs are bronze bushed. It is impossi-
ble to engage either automatic cross or longitudinal feeds

27

Vl

CANADIAN M A C H 1 N E R Y

when the machine is cutting screws or vice-versa. The
thread of the screw is used only for screw cutting. It is
not necessary to reverse or stop the spindle when cutting
screws as a dial on the saddle shows when to engage
the nut. The feeds are instantly reversed in the apron
by a movement of a lever. The saddle may be instantly
clamped when cross feeding l«y a movement of a lever.

Fig.

-McGregor, Gourlay. Gait. Redesigned 16" Shaper.

Lathe cuts the following threads :
2, 2} 2f, 24, 2}, 3, Si, 34, 3|. 4. **, 43, 5, 5J, 5f, 6,
6i, 7, 7i, 8, 9, 94, 10, 11, 1H, 12, 13, 11, 15., 16, 18,
19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 36, 38, 40, 44, 46,
48. 52, 56, 60, 61.

R. McDougall Co., Lathes.

The K. McDougall Co., Gait, is giving special atten-
tion to lathes and in the past two years have redesigned
them so that they now have a greater rigidity so that
they are more suitable for high speed steels. The head
has been redesigned to give a more even progression of
speed. The cone diameter has been enlarged giving
greater belt contact. The lathes now do from 2 to 4
times as much as previously in ten hours.

The headstock is well ribbed, closely fitted, and so
clamped as to insure its non-chattering. The bearings
are made self-oiling, having deep chambers for this pur-

Fig. 2. — McGregor. Gourlay. Gait. Redesigned 20" Lathe.

pose and oil is fed to the spindles through a felt strainer
which acts as a filter in clearing the oil. This filter should
be renewed at least once a year and this will insure well
lubricated bearings. Provision is made for return of oil

Fig. 4. — Bertram Interchangable Lathe Fitted for Motor Drive.

to chamber, thus making oiling of spindles automatic.
This is one of the new features.

The carriage and apron have been redesigned with
special reference to giving the maximum resistance to
the springing and straining of these important parts of
a lathe. The carriage has full bearings on V's its entire

Fig. 3.— R. McDougall. Gait. Redesigned Gap Lathe.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

length, has wide cross V reinforced with an extra amount
of metal in cro'ss bridge. The construction of the car-
riage'and apron and their connection with rod and
screw are so closely fitted as to prevent all tendencies
to'unevenness of motion or springing when under, load.

The carriage brace is a special feature. This is a
strong brace which is connected to the apron and slides
upon a scraped and fitted way on the bed. The upper

ed, it can be arranged for motor or belt drive as desired,
or for square or parallel drivq, l«y bolting on the proper
attachments. A description of this new Bertram planer
appeared in the September issue of Canadian Machinery.
The lathe shown in the heading is a belt driven
lathe. Fig. 4 shows the motor driven lathe. The lathes
are made convertible, belt drive or motor being at-
tached after the body of the lathe is completed, accord-

Fig. 5.— Bertram Locomotive Wheel Tire Lathe of Five Years Ago.

end is shouldered and this makes carriage very solid when
working on gap diameters.

Double back gears are now used on their gap lathes
and engine lathes when ordered. This feature is a very
important one, especially on a gap lathe where a large
range of diameters require to be treated. With two
speed countershaft, as provided, 18 distinct spindle
speeds are available, the ratio of advance being equal in
each case so that no two speeds overlap. Through the
first or low ratio gear a high spindle speed with a high
belt velocity makes the lathe particularly efficient on
rough and heavy cuts on small diameters, while the
second or high' ratio gear gives ample power for heavy

Fig. 7.— Modern Coach Wheel Lathe.

ing to specifications. In Fig. 4 the mechanism known
as the "back gearing." is on the front of the lathe.
Power is applied near the cut, taking the strain off the
bearings. Massiveness is one of the features in the re-
design of the lathe so that it stands well the strain of
high speed steels.

Locomotive Wheel Tire Lathe.
Great advances have been made in railroad tools.
In the Bertram locomotive wheel tire lathe several im-
provements have been made. Fig. 5 shows the old type

Fig. 6.— Redesigned Locomotive Wheel Tire Lathe

cuts' on the largest diameters which can be swung in
the lathe.

The lathes are .all carefully tested, a test sheet re-
cord, being kept and a copy is sent to the purchaser.
The .parts are made to accurate templets, and the lead
screw 'is- -guaranteed being made to an exact standard
master .•aerew..

-. ; . John Bertram & .Sons Co., Dundas.

All lines built by John Bertram & Sons Co. ; have
undergoes, redesigning. The -drive on all- tools, including
lathes,- ..planer's, drills, -etc'./ have been reconstructed.
Planers arefnow built so that with : the body of the
planer can be placed in stock. When an order is receiv

Fig. 8.— Redesigned Punch and Shears.

tool holder and method of holding wheel in place, whilo.
Fig. 6 shows the redesigned machine. In the first type
the wheels were turned with an ordinary driver, now
patent sure grip drivers are used, the wheel being chucked
firmly to faceplate by the arms. Th5s method is the in-
vention of an expert of the Niles, Bement, Pond Co-, and
was patented in Canada by the John Bertram & Sons
Co.

The tool holder used to require eight bolts and nuts
but the new single screw tool holder shown- in Fig. 6
reduces time. Production has now been more than

29

CANADIAN MACHINERY

trtbled. the output being increased from 3 pair to f) aud
12 pair per day.

Bertram Coach Wheel Lathe.

The coach wheels used to be driven in the coach
wheel lathe from the face by boltheads, but now the amc
method as for tires is used. A single tool holder has
also Icon adopted on this machine and the output has
been increased from "> or 6 to 15 pair per day.

Fig. 9.— Improved Punch and Shears.

Fig. 7 shows a modern coach wheel lathe with single
; il holder and modern clinch grips. This heavy tool has
boen developed to turn the high C. and Mg. steels. They
must have great power, for on account of the climate
and heavy grades, our railroads are more severe on
rolling stocks than southern roads. The tires get tem-
pered and the tools must remove these parts by cutting
under the hardened parts, when truing up coach wheels.

Bertram Punches and Shears.

Punches and shears have been recently redesigned
making them convertible for structural steel work. The

H ■■ f n 1

f*T vr.r 4MHT

- i

_J

Pig. 10.— Motor Drives Plate Kolls.

one shown in Fig. 8 has a 40-inch face of ram for mul-
tiple punching. With it 12 to 15 holes may be punched
at once. Formerly S.,000 holes per day used to be a good
day's work, now 90,000 holes per day is considered a
reasonable day's work.

Fig. 9 shows one of the latest shearing machines.

Formerly the beams were worked by cams. This method

defective and when different thicknesses of plate

were used, they were not clamped equally. When it
clamped thin work it would not clamp thick plate.

The shears shown in Fig 9 are equipped with clamps
operated by air cylinders, which give an equal pressure
on all thicknesses of plate. Another late development,
or perhaps it is an old method again adopted, is to use
belt drive from the motor to the shears, as the jarring
of the machine gave trouble with gears.

Angle shears cut 8"s8"x%" angles where 6"x6"x%"
used to bo thought large. This development is due to
the increased size of structures and the demand for
larger structural steel shapes.

Bending rolls have been impro\ed and with modern
rolls as shown in Fig. 10. With these H" plate can
be rolled where five years ago rolls would bend up to
I inch only.

Hydraulic Press.

With the development in Canadian railroads there
has also been a development in the hydraulic press. The.
machine five years ago had a single plunger pump with
c;i>t iron cylinders for wheel work. Now steel resistance,
e, pper lined cylinders and triple plunger pumps are part*
of the improved hydraulic press.

Three sizes of plungers are attached, one or all may
be used, -i/rs :; inch, 11 inch <«• 1 ',' inch being available.

Fig. 11. — ?0th Century Rotary Planer.

From 150 and 200 tons was formerly considered a big
machine ; now 300 tons for carwhccls and 600 tons for
locomotive tires is used.

Rotary Planer.

The rotary planer is a development caused by the re-
cent advances in structural steel work. The motor is
mounted on the turntable as shown in Fig. 11. The first
Canadian machine had a capacity of 21 inches. The
company who installed the 21-inch machine is now in-
stalling a rotary planer of the same make, 67 inches
in diameter. Planers arc made up to 10 ft. diameter
cutting head capacity.

Universal Radial Drill.

Fig. 12 shows a Bertram Universal Radial Drill, the
latest product of the Bertram works), and is a new de-
sign. This machine is driven by means of a single pulley
through speed box, and back gears. There are 16 changes
of spindlo speeds. The spindles are counterbalanced and
provided with quick return- There are three changes of
positive feed controlled by a pull pin conveniently locat-
ed on the head.

The drill head is of the full-swing type, being mount-
ed on a swiveling base and can be readily turned from a
vertical to a horizontal position. It has lateral adjust-

30

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ment along the arm by means of rack and pinion through
a band wheel convenient to the operator.

The arm is of particularly rigid construction with
vertical adjustment by power and is arranged to swivel.
The inner column is rigidly bolted to the base plate and
supports the outer column which rests on roller bearings,
permitting easy swinging of the drill arm.

A conveniently arranged reverse lever in front of the
drill head is used for tapping. The position of this lever

Fig. 12.— New Bertram Universal Radial Dt ill.

up or down indicates the direction of the spindle traverse
while the drill spindle may be instantly stopped by lift-
ing lever to central position. These machines may be
readily changed from belt to motor drive at any time.

Bertram Boring Mills and Slctters.

Boring mills have been redesigned and increased from
42 to 100 inches. The Niles boring mill is built up to
20 ft.

Slotters are now made with motor drive and are con-
vertible. Fig. 13 shows a 12-inch slotter with link
slotting attachment. The worm of circular motion is
disconnected and the bar is set to the circle required.

Steam hammers have also been redesigned to keep
up with the demand made by the railroads for heavier
locomotives and therefore heavier locomotive frames.
New Machines of Stevens Co., G-alt.

About three years ago the Stevens Co. started to maa:--
facture in Canada the Jones & Lamson or Hartness typ
of flat turret- lathe. Although this lathe was previousi\
manufactured in United States it is the first of its class
to be manufactured in Canada.

A new manufacturing lathe of simple design. was re-
cently placed on the market. It has powerful drive, being
made for use with high speed steel.

Bawden 20-inch Drill.

The Bawden Machine & Tool Co., 22 Orillia Street,
Toronto, manufacture a 20 in. drill which was placed on
the market about two years ago. It is a pewerful drill,
furnished with back gear, power feed, automatic stop and
quick return.

London Machine Tool Co., Hamilton.

Another company which has made great strides in
the redesign of machine tools is the London Machine
Tool Co. Practically their whole line of slotters, drills,
shapers, boring mills, planers, lathes and railroad ma-
chinery has been redesigned to keep pace with the de-
mand for heavier machine tools for use in railroad shops.

Pig. 14 shows a large Blotter built in 1909 by the
London Machine Tool Co. In designing this slotter ad-
vantage has been taken of the largest Often of slotters.
The essential features in the design are the movable bead
and the quick power adjustments to head and to nil
motions of .the table. Coupled with these arc other im-
provements of extra quick return of ram, stroke indicator,
automatic throw-out to feed, etc.

This slotter allows work being done requiring great
reach. The quick power feature, on certain work, mi m -
an increase of 200 p?r cent, in output. Generally i;
.~»0 per cent, more than the original designed machine. The
machine illustrated' will cut to the centre of a circle 7 I,.
<i ins. in diameter, and will cut to flic outside of eirele
0 ft. 2 ins. in diameter.

Heavy Wheel Lathe.

Fig. 15 illustrates a massive wheel lathe built by the
London Machine Tool Co.. Hamilton. All parts are desij

Fig. 13.— 12" Slotter With Link Slotting Attachment.

for exceptionally heavy strains. It has been estimated
that the cutting pressure on the two tools reaches as high
as 300,000 lbs. It can therefore be imagined that the
design of present day railroad shop machine tools must
be in excess of everything heretofore produced to take
care of wbee's used in present day practice, and tc stand
such enormous pressures.

3*

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The face plates are !M inches diameter, allowing wheels
to be turned 86 inches diameter on the tread. The bear-
ings are 16 ins. by 22 ins.| long. The feeds vary from
16-100 of an inch per rev., to 48-100 of an inch per rev.,
having eight impulses per revolution. By means of
clutches and change gears, working speeds are provided
for all wheels from S6 ins. to 34 ins. in diameter, so that
coach wheels may be turned in the same machine. The
weight of the machine complete is about 102,000 lbs.

Motor-Driven Boring Mill.

The motor driven boring mill shown in Fig. 16 is a
104 in. manufactured by the London Machine Tool Co.,

Fig. 14.— Improved Slotter Made by London Machine Tool Co..
Hamilton.

Hamilton. This is operated by two D.C. motors. One
is connected by gearing to the driving mechanism, a,nd the
one for raising the crossrail is located on the top of the
frame.

Besides those illustrated the London Machine Tool
Co., Hamilton, have redesigned their lathes, making
several improvements in the attachments as well. A new
radial drill, designed for using high speed steel and for
heavy work has also been added to their line.

Their heavy double axle lathe is worthy of mention.
It is designed to turning car, coach and locomotive axles,

to have entered the machine tool trade and convertible
machines is one result. Immediately after the introduc-
tion of high speed steel, there was an introduction of
geared feeds. It will be seen by a .perusal of this article,
however, tliat Canadian builders of machine tools as well
as other companies have returned to belt drive, though the
convertible machine permits the attaching of heads for
either belt, motor or gear drive as desired. The latest
machines as described, have belt-driven feeds.

Some of the best results removing metal have been
obtained from belt driven machines so that this is not
merely a whim of the manufacturers in adopting belt-
driven feeds, of good width and with wide pulleys. Old
patterns have been laid aside and all the machine tools
have been built on new plans. A machine of five years
ago is entirely out-of-date. Improvements have followed
each other, new features being rapidly added. What will
be developed in the next five years is hard to prophesy.
The demand for machine tools is increasing and when the
transcontinental railroads start . equipping shops which
will inevitably follow, still greater improvements must be
made and new lines added to keep up with the demands
for tools for railroad work.

STANDARDIZATION OF CATALOGUES.

An Engineers' Standardized Publications Association
was recently formed in England, having its headquarters
at Craven House, Kingsway. London, W.C. Its object is
to persuade manufacturers to conform to mutually agreed
standards in the size and arrangement of price lists and
catalogues, and facilitate reference to these publications
by scientific classification, of their contents.

While the shape and size of catalogues may seem a
small matter, yet anyone who has attempted the classifica-
tion and arrangement of the catalogues issued by Can-
adian and United States, British and'othi r manufacturers,
•will appreciate the great difficulty of making an orderly
collection, of them. The result frequently is 'that the
catalogues are not carefully ''preserved as tliey should be.
and therefore fail to carry oul the full purpose of their
mission. When one considers the outlay un these publica-
tions, which are often handsomely and' expeiipively gotten

Fig.lo. — Heavy Wheel Lathe.

using high speed steels. A few of the prominent features
of the machine are large bearing surfaces, powerful feed
through splined rod, positive locking tool post, automatic
stops to carriage feed, etc.

A Review of Improvements.
During the past few years many improvements have
been made in all lines of machine tools. Fashions seem

Fig. 16.— 10f Boring Mill.

up. and the heavy expense of postage, the advisability of
taking all possible steps to insure not merely a monetary-
welcome and appreciation, but a permanent place in a,
reference collection is self-evident; This is the age of
filing cabinets, which are more 'or less. of uniform size and
all manufacturers might with profit consider the matter
of standardizing their price lists. :and catalogues.

32

The Work of Overhauling Electric Railway Rolling Stock

Paper Read before the Canadian Street Railway Association, Dealing
with the Various Operations in the Shops, to Keep Cars in Commission

By W. R. McCREA ■

In presenting these remarks concern-
ing the periodical overhauling of rolling
stock, it is my intention to endeavor to
convince those interested in the main-
tenance of electric railway rolling stock
that periodical overhauling is absolutely
necessary to obtain the maximum of
efficiency and also that when this work
is completed, the term, general over-
haul will be amply justified.

Prior to three years ago very few of
the cars on the Toronto system were
overhauled with any degree of regular-
ity. This neglect was responsible for
some of the following results : Average
daily cripple cars amounted to about
17 p.c. of all motor-operated rolling
stock, failures in service were very
common, line blockades interrupted
schedules, cars out of service when re-
quired to fill schedules, inconvenience to
passengers, lost mileage and revenue.
This condition of affairs necessitated the
introduction of a method of repairs
whereby the average daily number of
cripples would be reduced to a mini-
mum. Instructions were issued by the
management that all cars were to be
put in first-class condition at once.
This was done, but not without a very
large expenditure of money ; the results
obtained, however, were such as to
prove without the shadow of a doubt
the wisdom of permitting the above-
mentioned expenditure. To-day in To-
ronto there are comparatively speaking
no motor breakdowns in service, and as
a comparison I may say, that instead
of 17 p.c. of the cars being crippled as
before stated every 24 hours, the daily
average is now 3.7 p.c; and it must be
borne in mind that every car that is re-
paired, whether large or small repairs,
is classed in the totals from which this
percentage is struck. Those not includ-
ed are those cars repaired by the night
and day inspectors and repair men, af-
ter the cars are housed and have com-
pleted their day's run ; or, in other
words, cars which have not caused any
interruption to service or schedules.
This is a considerable reduction you
will admit, but we are endeavoring to
lower this record, and those in charge
of the rolling stock are of opinion that
this can be done. The vastly superior
service which we are now enabled to
give has secured to the company a very
valuable asset in the citizens' good-will.

• Master Mechanic of Toronto Railway Co.

Encourage New Ideas Among Workmen.
It is very necessary that the good
work of overhauling rolling stock should
be done in a most thorough and syste-
matic way. The work should be laid
out so that there will be no confusion
of material, men or ideas. All the work
should be done in a pre-determined
manner. Gauges, measurements and
tools should be supplied for the proper
carrying out of the same. When a sys-
tem of overhaul is finally decided upon
as being the best suited to local condi-
tions, it should become a law in the
shop, and any employe departing from
the standard of practice should be dealt
with accordingly. The introduction of
new methods or stunts or experiments
should not be permitted until they are
carefully considered by the proper offi-
cials. I strongly recommend that em-
ployes be encouraged to promote new
ideas, and if on the presentation of
them to the proper officials, they are
found to possess even some small merit,
every encouragement should be given
the originator to perfect the same, and
on the adoption of his proposal in
practice he should, so far as the shop is
concerned, receive all the credit due
him.

Use Jigs, Patterns, etc.

In preparing the repair material in
the Toronto Ry. shops, carefully kept
jigs, patterns and gauges are always
used in production. By this means ab-
solute accuracy is assured, and the parts
are interchangeable. The fact that the
pit men or fitters have no work other
than to bolt together and put to place,
is a strong argument in favor of the
repair material beiDg properly produc-
ed in the company's shops or by outside
manufacturers.

Toronto Railway Co.'s Methods.

1 will endeavor to explain some of
the methods in use in the Toronto Ry.
Co.'s central shops. This system no
doubt, would be more readily understood
by a visit to our works, which we will
at all times welcome. The cars are
overhauled on a mileage basis ; 50,000
to 55,000 miles being the limit of dis-
tance a car travels before being brought
to the shops and thoroughly overhauled.
Owing to the fact that our roadbed is
now in a very much better condition
than it formerly was, and the cars
standing up so much better, the matter
of permitting cars to run 70,000 to 75,-

33

000 miles before overhauling is now un-
der serious consideration.

Overhauling a Car.

I will now trace the course of over-
hauling a car. Owing to the fact that
overhauling was first started by rota-
tion of car numbers, it is quite easy for
us in the shops to know just about the
car or cars due to come in, and as ac-
curate mileage is kept on all cars, a
glance at the mileage statements is
sufficient to procure the proper car for
overhauling. This done, the central car
dispatcher is instructed to have that
car delivered to the shops ready for the
following morning. The car is then
placed in a section set aside for the
purpose, brake and cable connections
unfastened, car body raised and placed
on trestles, trucks are then pulled out
from under the body and shunted to
truck overhaul section ; here the motors
are removed and sent to motor over-
hauling section.

The truck is completely stripped down,
except side and end frame, wheel centres
marked, aud trammil points used to
test for truck frame being true. Journal
boxes are stripped of brassed wedges
and waste, and thoroughly cleansed.
.Wheels and journals are now replaced if
necessary. The stripped material has
been placed on one side of the truck,
the floor on the other side is swept
clean, the truck inspector inspects the
old material and o.k's. that which is to
be used again. This o.k. material is
now moved to the clean space on the
other side of the truck, the balance is
taken to the shop storekeeper, who
gives in return a new or repair part for
every one sent in"; this is then delivered
to the truck fitters, and is placed with
the balance of the o.k. material. The
trucks are now built up, the journals
being packed with clean, oil-soaked
waste ; the trucks having been thor-
oughly scraped and blown off with com-
pressed air, are now given a coat of
mineral quick drying black paint, and
ready for the motors.

Repairing Motors.

The motors are first stripped of ar-
matures and field coils ; these with the
lirushholders are sent to the armature
and machine departments respectively.
The motor frame is next scraped inside
and. out, grease boxes cleaned out, bot-
tom oiled, wells cleaned and washed
with kerosene. The inside of motor
frames are next painted with black in-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

sulating compound, oiled canvass liners
are placed around permanent pole
pieces, frames are now ready for as-
sembling. Field coils are next put to
place and magnet plates bolted home,
finished steel bolts and hexagon nuts
with spring lockwashers being used ex-
clusively for motor and truck work.
The motor frames are now bolted to-
gether and a gauge inserted between the
pole pieces to prove proper distances.
The proper distance between magnets
having been secured, the armature is
next put to place and armature boxes
bolted on. Equal clearance between ar-
matures and magnets is next secured by
use of a special gauge.

New spring felt feeder wicks are
placed in bottom oil pocket of both ar-
mature and motor axle bearings, and
oil receptacles filled with clean oil. Next
a piece of felt is inserted in the grease
hole at bottom of grease box touching
the shaft, a square oil-soaked pad, half-
inch in thickness, is then neatly fitted
to the bottom of the box, the balance
of space is then filled with hand-picked
pure wool waste, the waste having pre-
viously soaked iu oil 24 hours and
dripped for 12 hours. Brush-holder
yokes, and brushholders completely as-
sembled, are now bolted to place. These
parts do not require any alteration for
the reason that they have been built up
in a special jig, their coreect position
and alignment on the commutator be-
ing both electrically and mechanically
coreect.

The overhauled motor is now subject-
ed to a running test on the floor for
three hours with 40 amperes of curreYit
for the purpose of proving the condition
of the bearings. While the motor is
under test it is painted with a quick
drying mineral black paint. The gears,
pinions and gear case having been thor-
oughly cleaned of grease, the motor is
now swung to place on the trucks and
gears and pinions given an application
of special compound, the two or four
motors all having come through at the
same time the overhaul truck and motor
equipment is now ready for service.

Just as soon as car body is placed on
trestles, the controller, rheostats,
trolley stand and brake cylinder are re-
moved and sent to their respective
repair departments ; they are at once
replaced with new or overhauled mater-
ial. Cable ducts on car body are open-
ed, cleaned and repainted, renewals be-
ing made where necessary. Car :body,
wood and iron work repaired and paint-
ed. Overhauled trucks and motors are
now run under, and body put to place,
brake and calJe connections made,
brakes adjusted and car given a severe
tryout under service conditions before
being passed as o.k. by the inspector.

Armatures are first inspected for bear-
ings and renewals made where necessary,

cast steel sleeves lined with babbit be-
ing used for bearings. Next, the entire
armature is carefully cleaned, commu-
tator turned and polished, string band
carefully inspected or renewed, and sent
to the testing department. Here the
millovolt drop test from bar to bar is
used and finally the armature is sub-
jected to a six hundred volt ground
test, armature body then shellaced and
placed in the o.k. rack. Field coils are
then placed in section of motor frame
without magnet, and a millovolt read-
ing taken, next a magnet attached to
an air cylinder is lowered on field coil
and another reading taken while the
coil is under pressure, if the coil reads
up to the standard and shows no varia-
tion under pressure the outside tape is
repaired and the coil dipped in air dry-
ing compound.

A great reduction in motor lead
trouble has been secured by boring the
motor frames on the axle side and bring-
ing the leads out as near the king bolt
as possible ; this, of course, refers to
outside hung motors. This practically
covers the entire performance of over-
hauling a car.

10 Safety appliances on ma-

chinery 445

11 Library, reading rooms, lec-

ture rooms and bicycle sheds 6,206

WELFARE OF EMPLOYES.

The following is the investment and
maintenance in the works of Ya,le &
Towne Mfg. Co., Stamford, Conn.:

Investment.

1 Heating and ventilating ...$74,200

2 Sanitation, drainage and wa-

ter supply 49.400

3 Lighting, electric and gas . . 18,000
-1 General cleanliness 0

5 Drinking water, filtration, re-

frigeration and distribution 6.2O0

6 Lavatories (included .in item

2) 0

7 Locker rooms and lockers . . . 57,200
S Emergency room and equip-
ment 1,200

9 Apparatus for removal of

dust and fumes 8,000

10 Safety appliances on ma-

chinery 4,000

11 Library, reading rooms, lec-

ture rooms and bicycle sheds 7,000

Total $225,200

Annual Operating Expenses.

1 Heating and ventilating ....$14,620

2 Sanitation, drainage and wa-

ter supply 6,324

3 Lighting, electric and gas . . . 3,129

4 General cleanliness 4,811

5 Drinking water 932

6 Lavatories (included in item

2) 0

7 Locker rooms and lockers . . 6 467

8 Emergency room , 1.303

9 Apparatus for removal of

dust and fumes 1,200

34

Total $45,437

In round figures, says Henry R. Towne,
the foregoing statements imply an in-
vestment for the above purposes of about
$100 per employe and an annual expen-
diture of about $20 per employe. While
admitting frankly that this expenditure,
both fixed and current, is "good busi-
ness," because tending to increase the
efficiency of labor and the contentment
of employes, it can with equal fairness
be stated that, if limited strictly to busi-
ness requirements, these outlays, both
fixed and current, would largely be re-
duced, probably one-half, and that the
excess over what is necessary represents,
on the one hand, a volutary contribution
by the employer to the welfare, comfort
and health of the employe, and, on the
other hand, a substitute or equivalent to
the employe of a direct contribution to
an insurance or pension fund, because
serving indirectly a similar purpose by
increasing the earning power, by pro-
longing the activity and thus by aug-
menting the potential savings of the em-
ploye.

MACHINE TOOL PRICES.

The following prices supplied to the
17. S. Consul by Daimler, of Austrian
Daimler Works, Wiener-Neustadt, Aus-
tria, are of interest. These tools are of
good design and the shop is one of the
best in Europe.

The prices paid by Daim'er for vari-
ous machine tools in use were as fol-
lows:

John L. Bogert, machine for turning
down crank pins. No. 22 $2,080. Pren-
tice Bros. Co., lathe, 255 by 1,600 by
3,050 mm., $860; vertical drills, w.p. Id,
$] 1 1. Hendey Machine Co.. lathe, 250 by
760 by 1,830 mm., $688. Gisliolt Ma-
chine Co., turret lathe, No. II. $2,647;
vertical turret lathes. No. 0. $1,631.
Landis Tool Co., grinders, No. iy2-
$926. Worner & Swasey Co., hexagonal
turret lathes. No. II. $1,700: hollow h:xa-
gon revolver lathe, $1,535. Potter &
.1 hnston Machine Co.. automate turret
lathes, No. II, $2,619. Cleveland Auto-
matic Machine Co., 51 mm. automatics.
3-spindle, $1,203; No. V/4 automatics. ■">
spindle, $2,660. Gleason Works, g ar
planers, No. 1. $2,033. Becker-Brainard
Mi;iin<r Machine Co.. vertical milling
machines, No. IV, C, $935. Cincinnati
Milling Machine Co., universal milling
machine, No. IT. $805. Lucas Machine-
Too1 Co., press for 30 atms., $545. C.
C. Bradley & Son, hammers, A No. IV.,
$1,133. Yahley, pneumatic hammer, II,
lh. IV, $1,789.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

CHORD INFORMATION.

By H. J. McCaslin.

The accompanying table of chords and
angles is used by an electrical concern
for spacing rator spiders, etc, I find
it very handy in my shop work, and it
may be found useful by some readers of
Canadian Machinery.

For tool work, chord=sine X D. Angle
is half of angle subtended by side at
centre.

No.

Sides.

Angle.

Sine.

3

60°

866KM

4

45°

. 70"10G7

5

36°

.5877852

6

30°

.5

7

25°

42'

51.42"

.4338837

8

22°

30'

.3826834

9

20°

.3420201

10

18°

.3090170

11

16°

21'

49.09"

.2817325

12

15°

.2588190

13

13°

50'

46.15"

.2393157

14

12°

51'

25.71"

.2225208

15

12°

.2079116

16

11°

15'

.1950903

17

10°

35'

17.64"

.1837495

18

10°

.1736481

19

9°

28'

25.26"

.1645945

20

9°

.1564344

21

8°

34'

17.14"

.1490422

22

8°

10'

54.54"

.1423148

23

7°

49'

33.91"

.1361666

24

7°

30'

.1305262

25

7°

12'

.1253332

26

6°

55'

23.07"

.1205366

27

6°

40'

.1160929

28

6°

25'

42.85"

.1119644

29

6°

12'

24.82"

.1081189

30

6°

.1045284

31

5°

48'

23.22"

.1011683

32

5°

37'

30"

.0980171

33

5°

27'

16.36"

.0950560

34

5°

17'

38.82"

.0922683

35

5°

8'

34.28"

.0896392

36

5°

.0871557

37

4°

51'

53.51"

.0848058

38

4°

44'

12.63"

.0825793

39

4°

36'

55.38"

.0804665

40

4°

30'

.0784591

41

4°

23'

24.87"

.0765492

42

4°

17'

8.57"

.0747301

43

4°

11'

9.76"

.0729952

44

4°

5'

27.27"

.0713391

45

4°

.0697565

46

3°

54'

46.95"

.0682423

47

3°

49'

47.23"

.0667926

48

3°

45'

.0654031

49

3°

40'

24.49"

.0640702

50

3°

36'

.0627905

51

3°

31'

45.88"

.0615609

52

3°

27'

41.53"

.0603784

53

3°

23'

46.41"

.0592405

54

.3°

20'

.0581448

55

3°

16'

21.81"

.0570887

56

3°

12'

51.42"

.0560704

57

3°

9'

28.42"

.0550877

58

3°

6'

12.41"

.0541388

59

3°

3'

3.05"

.0532221

60

3°

.0523360

61

2°

57'

2.95"

.0514787

62

2°

54'

11.61"

.0506491

63

2°

51'

25.71"

.0498458

64

2°

48'

45"

.0490676

65

2°

46'

9.23"

.0483133

66

2°

43'

38.18"

.0475819

67

2°

41'

11.64"

.0468722

68

2°

38'

49.41"

.0461834

69

2°

36'

31.30"

.0455145

70

2°

34'

17.14"

.0448648

71

2°

32'

6.76"

.0442333

72

2°

30'

.0436194

73

2°

27'

56.71"

.0430222

74

2°

25'

56.75"

.0424411

75

2°

24'

.0418757

76

2°

22'

6.31"

.0413249

77

2°

20'

15.58"

.0407885

78

2°

18'

27.69"

.0402659

79

2°

16'

42.53"

.0397575

80

2°

15'

.0392598

81

2°

13'

20"

.0387753

82

2°

11'

42.45"

.0383027

83

2°

10'

7.22"

.0378414

84

2°

8'

34.28"

.0373911

85

2°

7'

3.54"

.0369515

86

2°

5'

34.88"

.0365220

87

2°

4'

8.27"

.0361023

88

2°

4'

43.63"

.0356923

89

2°

1'

20.89"

.0352914

90

2°

.0348995

91

1°

58'

40.87"

.0345160

92

1°

57'

23.47"

0341410

93

1°

56'

7.74"

.0337741

94

1°

54'

53.61"

.0334149

95

1°

53'

41.05"

.0330633

96

1°

52'

30"

.0327190

97

1°

51'

20.41"

.0323818

98

1°

50'

12.24"

.0320515

No.

Sides.
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215

An

gle.

1°

49'

5.45"

1°

48'

1°

46'

55.84"

1°

45'

52.94"

1°

44'

51.26"

1°

43'

50.76"

1°

42'

51.42"

1°

41'

53.20"

1°

40'

56.07"

1°

40'

1°

39'

4.95"

1°

38'

10.90"

1°

37'

17.83"

1°

36'

25.71"

1°

35'

34.51"

1°

34'

44.21"

1°

33'

54.78"

1°

33'

6.20"

1°

32'

18.46"

1°

31'

31.52"

1°

30'

45.38"

1°

30'

1°

29'

15.37"

1°

28'

31.47"

1°

27'

48.29"

1°

27'

5.80"

1°

26'

24"

1°

25'

42.85"

1°

25'

2.36"

1°

24'

22.50"

1°

23'

43.25"

1°

23'

4.61"

1°

22

26.56'

1°

21'

49.09"

1°

21'

12.18"

1°

20'

35.82"

1°

20'

1°

19'

24.70"

1°

18'

49.92"

1°

18'

15.65"

1°

17'

41.87"

1°

17'

8.57"

1°

16'

35.74"

1°

16'

3.38"

1°

15'

31.46"

1°

15'

1°

14'

28.96"

1°

13'

58.35"

1°

13'

28.16"

1°

12'

58.37"

1°

12

28.99"

1°

12'

1°

11'

31.39"

1°

11'

3.15"

1°

10'

35.29"

1°

10'

7.79"

1°

9'

40.64"

1°

9'

13.84"

1°

8'

47.38"

1°

8

21.26"

1°

7

55.47"

1°

7

30" .

1°

7

4.84"

1°

6

40"

1°

6'

15.46"

1°

5'

51.21"

1°

5'

27.27"

1°

5

3.61"

1°

4

40.23"

1°

4'

17.14"

1°

3'

54.31"

1°

3

31.76"

1°

3'

9.47"

1°

2'

47.44"

1°

2'

25.66"

1°

2'

4.13"

1°

1'

42.85"

1°

1'

21.81"

1°

1'

1.01"

1°

40.44"

1°

20.11"

1°

59

' 40.11"

59'

20.43"

59'

0.98"

58'

41.73"

58'

22.70"

58'

3.87"

57'

45.24"

57

' 26.30"

57'

8.57"

56'

50.62"

56'

32.67"

56'

15"

55'

57.51"

55'

40.20"

55'

23.07"

55'

6.12"

54'

49.34"

54'

32.82"

54'

16.28"

54'

53'

43.88"

53'

27.92"

53'

12.12"

52'

56.47"

52'

40.97"

52'

25.63"

52'

10.44"

51'

55.38"

51'

40.48"

51'

25.71"

51'

11.09"

50'

56.60"

50'

42.25"

50'

28.04"

50'

13.96"

Sine.

.0317279
.0314107
.0310998
.0307950
.0304961
.0302029
.0299154
.0296332
.0293564
.0290847
.0288179
.0285560
.0282488
.0280462
.0277981
.0275543
.0273147
.0270793
.0268479
.0266204
.0263968
.0261769
.0259606
.0257478
.0256386
.0253326
.0251300
.0249306
.0247344
.0245412
.024.3509
.0241637
.0239793
.0237976
.0236188
.0234425
.0232689
.0230978
.0229292
.0227631
.0225994
.0224380
.0222789
.0221220
.0219673
.0218148
.0216644
.0215160
.0213697
.0212253
.0210829
.0209424
.0208037
.0206668
.0205318
.0203985
.0202669
.0201370
.0200087
.0198821
.0197571
.0196336
.0195117
.0193913
.0192723
.0191548
.0190387
.0189241
.0188107
.0186988
.0185881
.0184788
.0183708
.0182640
.0181584
.0180541
.0179509
.0178489
.0177481
.0176484
.0175498
.0174524
.0173559
.0172605
.0171663
.0170730
.0169807
.0168894
.0167991
.0167097
.0166214
.0165339
.0164473
.0163617
.0162769
.0161930
.0161100
.0)60278
.0159464
.0158659
.0157862
.0157073
.0156294
.0155518
.0154752
.0153993
.0153242
.0152498
.0151764
.0151033
.0150310
.0149595
.0148886
.0148183
.0147487
.0146798
.0146115

No.

Hides.

Ancle.

Sine.

216

50'

.0145439

217

49'

46.17"

0144769

218

49-

32.48"

.0144104

219

49'

18.91"

.0143446

220

49'

5.46"

.0142794

221

48'

52.13'

.0142148

222

48'

38.92"

.0141508

223

48'

25.83"

.0140874

224

48'

12.86"

.0140245

225

48'

.0139622

226

47'

47.26"

.0139004

227

47'

34.63"

.0138392

228

47'

22.11"

.0137785

229

47'

9.69"

.0137183

230

46'

57.39"

.0136587

231

46'

45.19"

.0135995

232

46'

33.10"

.0135409

233

46'

21.11"

.0134288

234

46'

9.23"

.0134252

235

45'

57.45"

.0133681

236

45'

45.76"

.0133115

237

45'

34.18"

.0132553

238

45'

22.69"

.01319%

239

45'

11.29"

.0131444

240

45'

.0130896

241

44'

48.80"

.0)30353

242

44'

37.68"

.0129814

243

44'

26.67"

.0129280

244

44'

15.74"

0128750

245

44'

4.90"

.0128225

246

43'

54.15"

.0127704

247

43'

43.48"

.0127187

248

43'

32.90"

.0126674

249

43'

22.41"

.0126165

250

43'

12"

.0125661

251

43'

1.67"

.0125160

252

42'

51.43"

.0124663

253

42'

41.26"

.0124171

254

42'

31.18"

.0123682

255

42'

21.18"

.0123197

256

42'

11.25"

.0122715

257

42'

1.40"

.0122238

258

41'

51.63

.0121764

259

41'

41.93"

.0121294

260

41'

32.31'

.0120827

261

41'

22.76"

.0120364

262

41'

13.28"

.0119905

263

41'

3.88"

.0119449

264

40'

54.54"

.0118997

265

40'

45.28"

.0118548

266

40'

36.09

.0118102

267

40'

26.%"

.0117660

268

40'

1Z.91"
8.93"

.0117221

269

40'

.0116786

270

40'

.0116353

271

39'

51.14"

.0115923

272

39'

42.35"

.0115497

273

39'

33.63"

.0115074

274

39'

24.96"

.0114654

275

39'

16.36"

.0114237

276

39'

7.83"

.0113823

277

38'

59.35"

.0113412

278

38'

50.94"

.0113004

279

38'

42.58"

.0112599

280

38'

34.28"

.0112197

281

38'

26.05"

.0111798

282

38'

17.87"

.0111401

283

38'

9.75"

.0111008

284

38'

1.69"

.0110617

285

37'

53.68"

.01102*')

286

37'

45.73"

.0109844

287

37'

37.84"

.0109461

288

37'

30"

.0109081

289

37'

22.21'

.0108704

290

37'

14.48'

.0108329

291

37'

6.80'

.0107957

292

36'

59.18*

.0107587

293

36'

51.60*

.0107220

294

36'

44.08"

.0106855

295

36'

36.61'

.0106493

296

36'

29.19"

.0106133

297

'36'

21.82"

.0105776

298

36' ,

14.50"

.0105421

299

36'

7.22"

.0105068

300

36'

.0104718

301

35'

52.82"

.0104370

302

35'

45.69"

. .0104024

303

35'

38.61"

.0103681

304

35'

31.58"

.0103340

305

35'

24.59"

.0103001

306

35'

17.65"

.0102665

307

35'

10.75"

.0102330

308

35'

3.90"

.0101998

309

34'

57.09"

.0101668

310

34'

50.32"

.0101340

311

34'

43.60"

.0101014

312

34'

36.92"

.0100690

313

34'

30.29"

.0100368

314

34'

23.69'

.0100049

315

34'

17.14'

.0099731

316

34'

10.63"

.0099415

317

34'

4.16"

.0099102

318

33'

57.74"

.0098791

319

33'

.51.35'

.0098482

320

33'

45'

.0098174

321

33'

38.69"

.0097868

322

33'

32.42"

.0097564

323

33'

26.19"

.0097261

324

33'

20"

.0096961

325

33'

13.85'

.0096663

326

33'

7.73"

.0096367

327

33'

1.65'

.0096072

328

32'

55.61'

.0095779

329

32'

49.60"

.0095488

330

32'

43.64'

.0095198

331

32'

37.70" ■

.0094911

332

32'

31.81'

.0094625

35

CANADIAN MACHINERY

No.

Sides.

343

334

435

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

34/

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

381

382

383

384

385

386

387

388

389

390

391

392

393

394

395

396

397

398

399

400

401

402

403

404

405

406

407

408

409

410

411

412

413

414

415

416

417

418

419

420

421

422

423

424

425

426

427

428

429

430

431

432

433

434

435

436

437

438

439

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

448

449

450

Angle.

32'

25.95"

32'

20.12"

32'

14.33'

32'

8.57"

32'

2.85*

31'

57.16'

31'

51.50'

31'

45.88*

31'

40.29"

31'

34.74*

31'

29.21*

31'

23.72*

31'

18.26*

31'

12.83*

31'

7.44*

31'

2.07*

30'

56.73*

30

51.43'

30'

46.15'

30'

40.91'

30'

35.69"

30"

30.51'

30'

25.35"

30'

20.22"

30'

15.12"

30'

10.05"

30'

5.01'

30'

29<

55.01"

29-

50.05"

29'

45.12"

29'

40.22"

29'

35.34"

29'

30.49"

29'

25.67"

29'

20.87"

29*

16.10"

29'

11.35"

29'

6.63"

29'

1.94"

28'

57.27"

28'

52.62"

28'

48"

28'

43.40"

28'

38.83"

28'

34.28"

28'

29.76"

28'

25.26"

28'

20.78"

28'

16.33"

28'

11.91"

28'

7.50"

28'

3.12"

27'

58.76"

27'

54.42"

27'

50.10"

27'

45.81"

27'

41.54"

27'

37.29"

27'

33.06"

27'

28.85"

27'

24.67"

27'

20.51"

27'

16.36"

27'

12.24"

27'

8.14"

27'

4.06"

27'

26'

55.96"

26'

51.94"

26'

47.94"

26'

43.96"

26'

40"

26'

36.06"

26'

32.14"

26'

28.23"

26'

24.35"

26'

20.49"

26'

16.64"

26'

12.82"

26'

9.01"

26'

5.22"

26'

1.45"

25'

57.70"

25'

53.96"

25'

50.24"

25'

46.54"

25'

42.86"

25'

39.19"

25'

35.54"

25'

31.91"

25'

28.30"

25'

24.70"

25'

21.12"

25'

17.56"

25'

14.02"

25'

10.49"

25'

6.98"

25'

3.48"

25'

24'

56.54*

24'

53.09"

24'

49.66*

24'

46.24"

24'

42.84"

24'

39.45"

24'

36.08"

24'

32.73"

24'

29.39"

24'

26.06"

24'

22.75"

24'

19.46"

24'

16.18*

24'

12.91*

24'

9.66"

24'

6.43"

24'

3.21*

24'

Sine.
.0094341
,0094059
.0093778

.0093499
.0093221
.0092945
.0092671
. 0092398
.0092127
.0091868
.0091590
.0091324
.0091059
.0090796
.0090534
.0090274
.0090016
.0089758
.0089502
.0089248
.0088996
.0088744
.0088494
.0088245
.0087998
.0087753
.0087508
.0087265
.0087023
.0086783
.0086544
.0086306
.0086070
.0085835
.0085601
.0085368
.0085137
.0084907
.0084678
.0084451
.0084224
.0083999
.0083775
.0083552
.0083331
.0083110
.0082891
.0082673
.0082456
.0082240
.0082025
.0081812
.0081599
.0081387
.0081177
.0080968
.0080760
.0080553
.0080347
.0080142
.0079938
.0079735
.0079533
.0079322
.0079132
.0078934
.0078736
.0078534
.0078343
.0078148
.0077954
.0077761
.0077569
.0077378
.0077188
.0076999
.0076811
.0076623
.0076437
.0076251
.0076067
.0075883
.0075700
.0075518
.0075337
.0075157
.0074977
.0074799
.0074621
.0074444
.0074268
.0074093
.0073919
.0073745
.0073573
.0073401
.0073230
.0073059
.0072890
.0072721
.0072553
.0072385
.0072220
.C072054
.0071889
.0071725
.007156'.
.0071399
.0071237
.0071076
.007C916
.0070756
.0070597
.0070439
.0070281
.0070124
.0069968
.0069813

Angle.

Sine.

23'

56.81"

.0069658

23'

53.63"

.0069504

23'

50.46"

.0069351

23'

47.31'

.0069198

23'

44.17"

.0069046

23'

41.05"

.0068894

23'

37.94"

.0068744

23'

34.84"

.0068594

23'

31.76"

.0068444

23'

28.69"

.0068295

23'

25.64

.0068147

23'

22.60"

.0067999

23'

19.57"

.0067852

23'

16.55"

.0067706

23'

13.55"

.0067561

23'

10.56"

.0067416

23'

7.58"

.0067272

23'

4.61"

.0067128

23'

1.66"

.0066985

22'

58.72"

.0066842

22'

55.79"

.0066700

22'

52.88"

.0066559

22'

49.98"

.0066418

22'

47.09"

.0066278

22'

44.21"

.0066138

22"

41.34"

.0065999

22'

38.49"

.0065861

22'

35.65"

.0065723

22'

32.82"

.0065685

22'

30"

.0065449

22'

27.20"

.0065313

22'

24.40"

.0065178

22'

21.61"

.0065043

22'

18.84"

.0064909

22'

16.08"

.0064775

22'

13.33"

.0064641

22'

10.59"

.0064509

22'

7.87"

.0064377

22'

5.16"

.0064245

22'

2.45"

.0064114

21'

59.75"

.0063983

21'

57.07"

.0063853

21'

54.40"

.0C 63723

21'

51.74"

.0063594

21'

49.09"

.0063466

21'

46.45"

.00633J8

21'

43.82"

.0063211

21'

41.20"

.0063084

21'

38.59"

.0062957

21'

36"

.0062831

No.

Sides.
451

452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500

BOOK REVIEWS.

METAL SPINNING— By Fred. D. Crawshaw, M.
E., Assistant Dean. College of Engineering.
University of Illinois, Popular Mechanics Co.,
Chicago, 111. Cloth, 5x7 ins. ; 74 pages, illus-
trations. Price 25 cents.

This is the only book on the subject, Metal
Spinning, a very old art handed down from
generation to generation without the medium of
the printed page. It is a working manual of
explicit instructions whicii is concise, yet com-
plete and r.dapted to the use of man/ual train-
ing and industrial schools, as well as those who
desire to spin metal as an art recreation or to
follow this work as a trade.
EFFICIENCY AS A BASIS FOR OPERATION
AND WAGES— By Harrington Emerson. Pub-
lished by the Eogineering Magazine, New York.
Ill pages, cloth bound, 5 x 7J ins. Price $2.
The book is a result of a series of articles by
Mr. Emerson published in the Engineering Ma-
gazine. These are now issued in book form. In
the early chapters he points out typical ineffi-
ciencies in production and discusses the strength
and weakness of existing systems of organiza-
tion. Five general chapters covering the above
ground are followed by a chapter on "The Re-
alization of Standards in Practice." Some de-
tails are given of the method employed in
standardizing as to time and cost, the tasks in
a shop employing 2,000 men, each doing an
average of four different jobs each day, a diagram
is made illustrating graphically the effect on
costs and profits of an increased output due to
staff stimulus and bonus to the line. In chap-
ter VII on "The Modern Theory of Cost Ac-
counting" the author differentiates cost ac-
counting from the work of the efficiency en-
gineer, which is to establish standards, ascer-
tain current efficiency and provide remedies
which will bring low efficiency up to 100 per
cent. Emphasis iB put on the co-operation of
the comptroller and the efficiency engineer. In
chapter VIII "The Location and Elimination of
Wastes " are discussed, and some examples are
given of wide variations in costs in different es-
tablishments engaged in the same line of work.
An efficiency system in operation is described

In chapter IX and then in order "Standard
Times and Bonuses" and "What the Efficiency
System May Accomplish."

A STUDY OF THE OPEN HEARTH— Published
by the Harbison-Walker Refractories Company.
Pittsburgh, Pa. 91 pages, 5x8 ins. Flexible
leather binding. For sale by R. S. Davis &
Co., Pittsburgh, Price $1.
This book is a result of a study of the open
hearth steel furnaces for the use of the operat-
ing department and is unique as no author's
name is given nor does the name of the com-
pany appear except on the cover. Neither are
there any advertisements. The reason for the
book appearing in its present form was because
of the interest shown in the data gathered to-
gether by a number of open hearth superinten-
dents. The book presents in a concise form the
principles involved in the manufacture of open
hearth steel, and it should be of interest to
iron and steel men generally. Detailed descrip-
tions of the construction and operation of these
furnaces are given in simple language t at can
be readily understood by one familiar with no
more than the most elementary principles of
chemistry and metallurgy.

Practical instructions are given for building
the hearths and bottoms, front and back walls,
bulk heads, ports, regenerators, etc., while the
various materials for the bottoms {acid, neutral
and basic), are discussed at length. One chap-
ter is devoted to fuels, including natural, arti-
ficial and producer gas and oil. Simple meth-
ods of estimating charges for both basic and
acid open-hearth furnaces are given, and these
should prove of the utmost value to both shop
superintendents and rnelters. Tne elimination of
impurities during and after melting is explained
in detail, and also recarburization, melting,
method of charging, removal of slag, etc. The
special processes such as the Talbot, Monell.
Bertrand-Thiel and the duplex are briefly de-
scribed.

MECHANICAL WORLD POCKET BOOK— Pub-
lished by Emmott & Co.. 65 King St.. Man-
chester, Eng. 390 pages, 4x6 ins., illustrated.
Price 6d or 12 cents. Postpaid 16 cents.
In this, the twenty-third annual issue, numer-
ous improvements have been effected and a con-
siderable amount of new matter introduced. The
section on Gas Engines has been thoroughly re-
vised by W. A. Tookey, and the same author
has supplied an entirely new section, on Oil En-
gines, including notes on Crude Oil Engines.
Some condensed notes on the Design of Centri-
fugal Pumps have been contributed by B. M.
Woodhouse, and a new section on Ball Bearings
has been included. Among other additions are
the following : — Dimensions of Marine Boilers :
Tapers and Angles : Change Wheels for Cutting
Metric Pitches : Hobs for Cutting Involute
Gears : Dimensions of Ring-oiled Bearings ; Notes
on Double Helical Gears, Bevel, Spiral, and
Worm Gears ; Emery Wheel Speeds ; etc. Va-
rious other tables and data have been introduc-
ed and the work revised generally. The publish-
ers are to be commended upon their continued
enterprise.

BRITISH TRADE IN CANADA— By Herbert J.
Rodger, published by "Canada," Newspaper
Co., 34 Norfolk St., Strand. London. Eng. 72
pages. 4£ x 6 ins., illustrated. Price, one shil-
ling.

The book is a result of a business trip through
Canada in 1908, by Mr. Rodger and is a reprint
of thirteen articles contributed to Canada. His
report covers every line of British goods and
manufactures for which there is a market in
Canada. Among the subjects treated are Alu-
minium Goods. Machinery, Electrical Goods,
Metals and Manufactures of Metals, Metals in
Raw State. Bolts and Nuts. Packing, etc. The
subjects include also railway and shipping facil-
ities, catalogues, cost of traveling, advertising,
etc. The work should be of great practical va-
lue to the British manufacturer looking to the
Canadian market to extend the sale of his out-
put.

36

Some Pertinent Paragraphs Selected From Our Exchanges

Many Useful Ideas Given in a Paragraph — Abstracts of Im-
portant Subjects Being Treated in the Technical Publications.

System in the Twentieth Century.

The old way for a workman to get
the big traveling crane, by going out in
the runway, waving his arms like a
windmill and yelling until he was hoarse
at the sleepy crane operator two or
three hundred feet away, has all been
done away with, and now the workman
presses one of the buttons set at con-
venient distances along the shop run-
way, a red light is flashed in plain view
of the crane man and, unless already
employed, he at once runs his crane to
where it is needed. Then, too, there is
a messenger system in use that obviates
the necessity of a machinist leaving his
work to get a new jig or tool, as he
has only to press a button close to his
machine and an annunciator near the
tool room indicates to a waiting mes-
senger boy where he is wanted, as all
machines are numbered; he then goes at
once and finds out what is wanted, gets
it for the man and returns to his place
ready for another call. — Machinery.
Making a Skilled Mechanic.

The best way to obtain skilled labor
is to make. it.

This is the conclusion that the C.P.R.
has reached after trying various me-
thods and watching how the corpora-
tions get their supply. It has further-
more determined that the making of it
shall be thorough.

It is said that although some rail-
ways and industrial firms which have
entered upon elaborate schemes for the
training of apprentices, the educational
schemes, with one or two exceptions,
lack continuity. They leave off where
they practically should commence, and
the apprentice or employe 'is turned out
after a partial training and left to his
own resources.

The question of the "Making of a
Skilled Mechanic" is discussed in an
article in Canadian Machinery, by Mr.
F. C. D. Wilkes, B.Sc.who takes as
his object lesson the scheme of the
('. P. R. for obtaining skilled labor-
Montreal Herald.

The Boss's Shadow.

A business demands the entire time
ami attention of the proprietor or man-
ager. A word, a friendly nod goes a
long way. An old mechanic once said,

The boss's shadow is worth $5 every
time it falls across the job.— Men's
Wear.

Tool Rooms and the Care of Tools.

The fact has grown upon us that
those shops where a thorough card sys-

tem is in vogue in regard to tools and
their uses seem to get the work done
with less friction and less loss of time
than is the case in those shops where
no card system exists. The card sys-
tem that we refer to implies a syste-
matic method of numbering the pieces
of work that may pass through the
hands of the workmen. The number of
operations in their order, the number
of tools required and their specific
markings, are set down, to which in a
general way the average time taken in
the operations may be added. The
mere matter of storing the tools must
necessarily remain an open question
which will readily be solved by the in-
telligent foreman and superintendent to
suit the requirements of the situation-
Railway and Locomotive Engineering.

To Furnish Apprentices.

"Canadian Machinery" devotes two
pages to Hamilton Technical School
with one page of illustrations. It re-
gards the school as likely to furnish ap-
prentices for many of Hamilton's great
manufacturing industries. — Hamilton
Times.

The Designer and Shop Costs.

Inefficiency in the operation of ma-
chines, while not always readily dis-
cernible, can be detected by experiment-
ing with different methods, without
adding much to the cost of production,
even temporarily. Losses arising from
badly arranged buildings and machines
can be detected by close observation of
daily operations, and the cost of pro-
viding better facilities, as well as the
saving to be expected by their use, can
be ascertained within narrow limits. —
Southern Machinery.

Get Next and Keep Near Your Em-
ployes.

Are you an employer of men ? Get
near them — keep next. No man who
cannot get next and then keep next can
control men successfully to the end of
eternal welfare and the permanent suc-
cess of an industry.

"I keep my employes in their place
during the work day. After hours they
are my friends," said a wise old fellow
who always had an open mind for a new
or better idea. It keeps up a mutual
interest that makes for harmony and
the absence of friction. We may be
wrong, but it is our idea that "the ab-
sence of friction is a b'ig factor in a
profitable business.

37

Get next and don't lose your grip. —
American Shoemaking.

Watch the Iron Prices.
The foundryman who has an absolute
control over his mixtures, following up
each detail and studying the market
carefully, is able to work in a consid-
erable tonnage of off grades of iron,
including malleable, Bessemer and var-
ious other grades which at times can
be picked up at a special price. As the
price of foundry iron has a tendency to
increase, the tonnage of this class of
iron utilized by foundrymen generally
increases. This in turn serves to pre-
vent the price of foundry iron from
soaring unduly high. — Castings.

The Devil of Debt.

The devil of debt seems to be on the
heels of almost everybody. The clerk,
he's in debt. The bookkeeper's in debt.
Ditto the typewriter. Same wHth the
porter and drayman. As to the superin-
tendent, he can't remember when he
wasn't. The office boy would be in debt
if anybody would trust him. And all
of them complaining and acknowledg-
ing the miserableness of their condi-
tion.

Debt is a mortgage on your salary.

Debt is a monument to a young
man's weakness, a grown man's folly
and an old man's failure in the univer-
sity of life.

Debt is discounting to-morrow's lib-
erty for to-day's good time.

Debt is a quitclaim to your wife's
confidence, your children's ambitions
and your own self respect.

Debt is a guaranteed insurance policy
against happiness.

"Then what are we going to do ?"
say a chorus of yoiing fellows and busi-
ness men and aspiring women and lab-
orers and clerks and managers and
street car conductors and hundreds
more.

Do without !

It will take some backbone. It will
take some genuine courage.

But you'll be able to hold your head
up — and that's more than you can do
now, and you know it. You won't
have palpitation of the heart when the
postman blows his . whistle, and you
won't tremble every time the boss asks
you to come into the front office.
Neither will you be ashamed to have
your stenographer open your mail.

Because you'll be working to-day for
to-morrow's satisfaction, and not to
make good on account of yesterday's
extravagance. — Pittsburg Press.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

MILLING ON A PLANER.
By K. Campbell.

Mr. Stevens of the Stevens Co., Gait,
Ont., has in use in the machine depart-
ment a milling machine which he con-
structed under his supervision. Since
then several have been made for other
companies, the original one being shown
in the illustrations herewith.

Fig. 1 shows the machine at work
and Fig. 2 shows the driving mechan-
ism. A piece of work is on the planer,
and in the illustrations the miller is
shown at work, a large casting being
on the planer. The belt shown in Fig.
2 connects with an overhead, and power

the superintendent, of the machine de-
partment. The holder A is made of
machinery steel with the end slotted

am

An End Mill.

for the cutter B, which is clamped with

an ordinary f-inch cap screw C. The

cutters are made from high speed steel

By M. E. D.

By K. Campbell.

A simple arrangement for holding
drills has resulted in a saving in drill
accounts in the shops of the Stevens
Co., Gait. An iron plate about 1-inch
thick is used, it being drilled to hold
various size drills. Formerly long drills
used to be taken and used for all work
but with the arrangement illustrated a
workman finds it just as handy to take
short drills and use them for work
where short ones can t«e used.

The drill plate contains two holes for
each of the larger size drills and four
holes for the smaller sizes. The holes

Fig. 1.— Milling Machine Milling on a Planer.

Fig.

-Driving Mechanism ot Milling Machine and Planer.

is taken to the miller by the belt
shown in Fig. 1. The machine is fast-
ened to the planer head and is under
full control of the planer operator. It
has been found that -with the miller,
work can be accomplished in a short
time that formerly took hours to do.

blades of cutting-off tools, the top or
widest part D being used as the back
when in the holder. These are used on
steel and brass with a cutting face up
to 2J inches.

are drilled the exact size of the drill
and when the machine hand is finished

AN END MILL.

By K. Campbell.

The accompanying cut is an end mill
used in the works of Smart-Turner
Co., Hamilton, manufacturers of
pumps, cranes, etc., and designed by

JIG TO HOLD MITRE GEARS.

Under this heading it was stated that
F. A. Rodgers devised the device shown
on page 43 of the December issue of
Canadian Machinery by means of which
he turned out "25 in nine minutes."
This should have read "25 in nine hours,"
which meant a great saving over the old
method.

38

§g go 0^0,0
o o o o O O Vk

§§0000 O

Plate for Drills— Plate May be Drilled to Suit
Drills Used.

with a drill he returns it to the plate.
The plate is handily situated on a
small stand beside the drill.

AUTOMATIC RELIEVING FRICTION
CLUTCH.

By C. J. Fensom.*

The friction clutch shown in the il-
lustration was designed to drive a piece
of heavy, slow running machinery which
was liable to become "jammed" at any
moment. The arrangement of the ma-
chine would not permit of the use of a
belt ; and it was feared that the ordin-
ary form of clutch, 'if made powerful
enough to drive when the friction sur-
faces were smooth and oily and when
the adjustment was slack, would be of
little use as a relieving coupling at
times when the adjustment was slack
and the surfaces rough through disuse.

The design of the clutch shown is
such that it can only transmit power
up to a definite pre-arranged maximum

CANADIAN MACHINERY

pull. Should the torque transmitted
tend to exceed the capacity of the
springs, the springs will yield, thus al-
lowing the end friction plate "E" to
turn slightly in relation to the driving
casing "F." This motion allows the
end friction plate (B) to screw back
until the pressure between the friction
surfaces of clutch is reduced to such an
amount as to just allow a driving force
to be exerted corresponding to the
strength of the driving springs.

This clutch can be made "reversible."
It could be used, without hand operat-
ing mechanism, as a relieving coupling
in cases where the ordinary form of
clutch would Taccome in-operative
through periods of disuse and conse-
quent "freezing together" of friction
surfaces.

paint as the application of relatively
hard coats over relatively soft coats.
This is an observation which should be
kept in mind not only in the painting
of metals, but in all painting. That the
priming coat should have the power to
adhere tenaciously to the surface is self-
evident.

The pigment constituents of a protec-
tive paint should be inhibitive of cor-
rosion. This means that it should tend
to give passivity to the particles of the
iron itself— should by its nature tend to
prevent that activity of molecules which
we have described as galvanic and
which causes corrosion.

A protective paint should be a non-
conductor of electricity. The corrosion
of iron and steel being the result of a
galvanic action, it is necessary not only

■^WYiSNV.-

Automatic Relieving Friction^ Clutch.

torque, regardless of the condition of
the friction surfaces. This means that
the driving motor, or the machinery
driven, cannot be subjected to an un-
due strain when the machinery is start-
ed against a heavy inertia load, or
should a "jam" occur.

The clutch is operated l«y hand in the
ordinary way. A motion of the sleeve
"A" causes the four compressing bolts
"B" to act on the end friction disc
"C," thus relieving or pressing to-
gether the four pairs of friction sur-
faces.

The principle of the special regulating
feature of the clutch is as follows :
When the clutch is in action the torque
b transmitted through the medium of
the heavy driving springs "D," which
are set to yield at a certain definite

• Consuming Engineer, Toronto.

PAINT FOR METAL SURFACES.
By O. C. Ham.

Regarding preservative coatings for
iron and steel, we find it necessary to
point out that a paint which may be a
good paint for the under coats may
prove to be an undesirable paint for
the outer or finishing coats, and vice
versa. We will call the paint which is
to go next to the metal the "protec-
tive paint," and the paint which comes
outside the "finishing paint." The fin-
ishing paint should be, in reality, a
"protective paint" also, but, for clear-
ness in discussion, it is necessary *we
should make a distinction.

The protective paint should measure
up to the following :

It should form a hard, adherent found-
ation for subsequent coats. There is
nothing else which tends so much to the
cracking, checking and alligatoring of

39

to put on a paint which will be inhibi-
tive— that is, keep out those influences
which will set up the galvanic action in
the iron itself — but it is supremely ne-
cessary also to bar the way to stray
electric currents from the outside. In
these days, when electrically charged
wires run everywhere, under the streets,
overhead and through all buildings, the
leakage of electric currents is an every
day problem. • The real solution of the
problem would seem to be to confine
these electric currents where they belong
instead of allowing them to run riot
among neighboring property. Motives
of economy itself will doubtless some
day lead the owners .of the runaway
electricity to correct this evil them-
selves, but until that day arrives we
must do our best to protect our pro-
perty against currents which are runn-
ing amuck.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

DEVICE FOR DRAWING OVOIDS.

By J. O. Brouillet.

The instrument illustrated herewith
can readily be made by any handy man,
and will enable him to draw ellipses of
various sizes and ovo'ids as well. It
consists of a sheet-metal piece A, in

Device for Drawing Ovoids.

which two slots are cut crossing each
other at right angles. A lever B is pro-
vided with two blocks C and D, adapt-
ed respectively to slide in the slots. A
lever F, which is fulcrumed at the
centre of the plate A, is connected by
means of a lever G with the end of the
lever B. A pencil may be fitted through
a hole in the lever B, and as this is re-
volved around the plate A, it will trace
an oval or elliptical line. At the same
time a pencil in the lever G will trace
an ovoid, as indicated in the drawing. —
Scientific American.

TOOL POST PLATE.
By Robt. Buchanan.
The accompanying sketch shows a
tool-post plate to be used when boring

A

>s.i

0

Tool Post Plate.

jn the lathe to prevent the tool from
swinging round. It may be made to
use the wedge or will give better ser-

vice if made flat and of the right height
to carry tools or tool holder.

The cleats on the bottom are shaper-
ed to fit the rest, while the set screw
on the lug at the back is adjusted to
the tool after it is set.

AN ADJUSTABLE INSIDE FACILG
TOOL FOR THE DRILL PRESS

By Charles Eisler.

The cut shows in section a facing tool
for inside work on the drill press. The
operation on this work was always
made in a lathe where it required a

An Inside Facing Tool.

skilled man. A man with very little
skill can do the same job with greater
output now.

A is the body of the tool holder (a
round piece of tool steel) in which a
slot was made for the facing tool B.
C is the pivot pin. D is an adjusting
screw. After the tool B is ground it
can be adjusted to the required size. F
is also adjustable to prevent the tool
going too Ar.oy. f: is a sliding stop
- 40

collar on A (screws not shown) . H is
the spring which holds the tool B with-
in the holder body A and strips the
collar G down, after the work is done.
When the faces I I I I are together the
work is done.

The tool B was also fitted to bear on
K to prevent the quick wearing on the
pin C. It will be noticed that the tool
holder on the lower end is not cut
through so as to make it more solid.
The tool was used on brass, but there
is no reason why it should not work or,
other materials.— American Machinist.

SHOP DOOR CLOSING DEVICE.

The heating of factories, machine-
shops, roundhouses and other buildings
having large doors is seriously retarded
by the leakage of volumes of cold air in
over the doors at the top. The ordinary
large sliding or swinging door almost
invariably bulges at the top, making a
a crack of considerable width through
which the cold air blows in greater 01
less volume according to the exposure
and the velocity of the gale.

Dining the past few years the heat-
ing of large shops and roundhouses has

KOOO JO 3*11 401

Mr-

Shop Door Closing Device.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

received a great deal of attention, and
no modern structure is considered com-
plete without adequate means of heat-
ing. The old idea that the men should
keep warm by hustling has been general-
ly discarded, and now every up-to-date
factory manager realizes the importance
of providing as nearly as possible a
uniform, comfortable temperature in all
workrooms. The cost of heating large
buildings in northern latitudes is a heavy
item, and practical means that will shut
out the cold air where it should not
enter, merit attention.

Realizing the serious loss that results
from bulging doors in railway shops as
well as in other works having large
doors, through the lack of close fit at
the top, J. C. Hassett, technical instruc-
tor of apprentices of the Erie Railroad,
Meadville, Pa., has devised the shop-
door closing davice, illustrated herewith,
in which the 'action of the device and
the details of the component parts are
shown.

The arrangement provides means by
which the door is clamped and forced
solidly against the jamb at the top by
means of the curved piece A, which is
worked by a connection and lever con-
veniently located on the door. The con-
necting rod may be of any length re-
quired to suit the door height. — Machin-
ery.

HANDY BENCH TOOL.
By F. B. Kennedy.

The accompanying sketch shows a
very handy tool suited for all mechanics
who find it necessary to snip small
pieces of cottars, rivets, etc. It will
cut with a clean fracture up to 5-16 or
il inch soft steel or brass wire.

The plunger should be made a good
fit for the barrel and cupped out as
shown, but not too sharp an edge. The

\7

Figs. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate a cutting-off
tool for rapidly cutting to the same
length rods and pins. The tool A is
reciprocated by the lever B working on
the fulcrum C. D is a stop for the lever
B in the back position. The stock is in-

DRAWING OF V-THREADS.
By Joseph Weaner.
I found the drawing of V-threads to be
very trying until I thought of the fol-
lowing scheme which makes this work
much easier. The idea is as follows : File

0

i

Fin.

Fio. 2

o

Fio. «.

3>

Corrwc-orr Tool..— Fio. 3.

Fw. 8.

serted through a loose bushing E, which
may be changed for different sizes. The
adjustable gauge F fixes the length. We
used the tool in a small single gear hol-
low mandrel lathe, and the shank G was
held in the toolpost provided for the
hand rest. The wire was drawn forward
each time against the stop F, after re-
leasing the chueh. The chuck was then
tightened and the parting off rapidly
done by means of the tool and lever des-
cribed.

Fig. 4 shows a simple centreing tool
used hi conjunction with the above. It
was made to drill exactly central, and
all to the same depth, some thousands
of small steel dies. The stock was held
in the chuck of the lathe, and the tool
was held by the shank S in a lathe car-

a number of 60-degree notches in the
inner edge of the triangle, as shown in
the illustration, for different thread
pitches. Make the top width x equal to
1 divided by the number of threads per

VZZEZZWZ2

-©-

w

-$

Handy Bench Tool.

Drawing V Threads.

inch, and leave a small point A to stop
the pencil. To use the triangle, place
the pencil against the left side of the
notch and run it down that side and up
the other to the stop; then move the
triangle to the . right until the pencil
is again against the left side. By re-
peating this operation as many times
as is required, a uniform thread can be
rapidly drawn. Another sugestion for
draftsmen is to have a 12-inch scale
fastened to the T-square as shown at B.
This is also a time-saver, as the scale is
in a position where it is always ready
for use. — Machinery.

holes may be bored' of course, to suit
the convenience of the worker and good
steel should be used for the whole tool.

A CUTTING-OFF TOOL.

By A. Strong.

The accomnaying sketches illustrate

a couple of tools we have found to be

very handy. Perhaps they are not new,

but I have not seen them before.

rier, and was brought up by means of
the back centre. The aperture T, of
course, exactly fitted it he stock. After
drilling they were parted off with the
tool described above.

Figs. 5 and 6 show the articles we had
to produce in some thousands, and in
the rapid production of which- thesie
tools assisted not a little. — Mechanical
World.

41

According to a writer in the Scientific
American, a very handy tool can be
made from an old pair of scissors or
shears by cutting one blade with a set
of saw teeth inclined toward the handle.
These teeth hold the material fast,
and prevent it slipping toward the
point of the shears. Rubber sheeting,
strips, and all kinds of soft packing can
be easily cut with square or inclined
ends.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

SHELDON'S IMPROVED RE VERS- powdered coal into rotary kilns or other shown in Tig. 1. Fig. 2 shows the
IBLE EXHAUSTER. furnaces, ventilating toilet rooms in spindle -which, through the reverse turn-
Herewith are illustrated Sheldon's public buildings, etc. They are prac- bier, drives the stud gear shaft M. On
new reversible type medium blowers tically noiseless], even at very high this is bevel gear A that meshes with

and exhausters. These fans are reversi- speeds.

pinion B driving shaft R and worm C.

Kig. 1.— Medium Exhauster (Reversible Type.)

Fig. 2.— Reversible Exhauster, Bolted to Wall or Post. Discharging Downward.

ble and interchangeable and can be
bolted to the floor, wall, post or ceil-
ing. The bolt holes around the side
openings are drilled to a template equal
distances apart and are alike on both
sides, therefore the arm and circular
plate supporting the bearings can be
removed and attached to the opposite
side of the fan, the inlet side plate be-
ing interchangeable, thus reversing the
hand of the fan.

The circular side plates referred to
are larger in diameter than the fan
wheel so that the wheel can be removed
without taking the whole fan to pieces.
The bearings on these fans are self-
oiling and self-adjusting and are of the
ring oiling type, capable of continued
operation without undue attention.

Every wheel is carefully and accurate-
ly balanced before mounting and all
fans are tested before leaving the works.
The sizes of the wheels on these fans
are practically the same as on our
standard type medium exhausters and
the fans are specially adapted for
handling gritty dust, such as comes
from emery wheels, tumbling barrels,
rattlers, etc., which quickly cuts into
and destroys sheet steel.

They are specially adapted for the
removal of smoke from forge fires,
steam from cooking vats or kettles in
dye works, breweries, packing houses or
other factories, blowing coal dust or

These exhausters are manufactured by
Sheldons, Gait, Ont.

CINCINNATI 16-INCH LATHE.

The Cincinnati lathe is furnished with
an all geared device having an unlimit-
ed range in addition to the quick-
change gear lathe for cutting screws

These are supported by swinging bracket
G pivoted about shaft M. To shaft S,
in the gear box, is splined a triple-worm
wheel D E P, that pass constantly
through oil held in a resevoir. Any one
of these wheels may be shifted into
position under worm C by fork T, oper-
ated on outside of box. The rate of

Fig. 3.— A Reversible Exhauster. Bolted to the Ceiling and Discharging Horizontally!.
42

CANADIAN MACHINERY

speed is changed at once by pulling out
bolt P then raising arm G and shifting
to the worm wheel giving the desired
feed. When engaging sliding gear H I

ing the use of the change gears also
furnished.

Twenty-two additional changes rang-
ing from 5 to 64 per inch may be ob-

Fig. 1.— Cincinnati Lnthc With Three-Step Cone.

taincd to suit special cases by sliding
gear W on lead screw m mesh with gear
J, on feed rod, which is driven direct
from spindle. Lead screw is operated
only when required for actual thread-
ing. Lock bolt U and arm G are so
placed that the former prevents gear W
being thrown into mesh with J until G
is raised when it is impossible to en-
gage worm wheels.

Both Figs. 1 and 3 are furnished
with apron of box type construction,
chasing dial, automatic stop, plain or
compound rest, centre rest, follow rest,
large and small face plates, necessary
wrenches, self-oiling friction counter-
shaft, etc., either five step or extra
wide three step cone with double back
gears, and the metric system if desired.
Taper attachment may be added to
equipment when wanted. Drawn-in at-
tachment, oil pan, turret on carriage,
pail be furnished, and a lathe with six

with either J or K, on feed rod, permits
six changes instantly varying from 16 to
100 turns per inch, a range of

Fig. 2.— Diagram of Positive Feed.

feeds enough on any 16-inch lathe for
general manufacturing, without requir-

Improved 16" Steptoe Shaper.

Fig 3 -Cincinnati Lathe With Instantaneous Change Gear.

43

positive geared feeds by merely shifting
a lever using the regular or any special
change gears for screw cutting.

These lathes are manulactured by the
Cincinnati Lathe & Tool Co., Cin-
cinnati.

JOHN STEPTOE 16-INCH SHAPER.

The principal feature connected with

the drive is in the fact that the motor

- stand is set on the baise of the machine,

thus avoiding any vibration when the

motor is running, and at the same time

it is as close to the. column of the

machine as it is possible to get it. It

takes up no more room than is actually

required for the return stroke of the ram.

This was necessary on aceb'unt of the

CANADIAN MACHINER Y

fact that the machine was built for the
I . S. Battleship, "Deleware," and as
the space was limited, it became neces-
sary to take only as small a space as
possible. The controller was placed on
the top of the motor so that the oper-
ator would not be compelled to leave
his position to change the speed of the
machine. The motor was manufactured
by the General Electric Co., and has a
speed variation of 2:1.

The new feature on this machine is
the self-adjusting feed rod. The table
can be either raised or lowered by the
operator, and the feed rod will adjust
itself. The device is a very simple one,
as it consists of a friction box through
which passes the feed rod of flat cold
rolled. The hooks on the end of the
friction box will pull out the rod or
shorten it as the table is raised or low-
ered by the operator. By means of this
device, the breakages are prevented
which are usually due to the table feed-
ing to the end of the cross-rail, and the
nut on the back of the apron striking
the end of the cross-rail.

The shaper is manufactured by the
.John Steptoe Shaper Co., Cincinnati,
Ohio.

i inch down, or as a drill press up to
1£ inch.

The illustration shows the machine
arranged as a grinder. It is manufac-
tured by the Lancashire Dynamo &
Motor Co., 152-4 Bay St., Toronto.

NEW BEVEL PROTRACTOR.

This tool is of the same general de-
sign as the Starrett No. 12 protractor,
with the additional feature of having the
head extend both sides of the blade. This
greatly improves the usefulness of the
tool, as the same angles may be trans-

IRON FIRMS CONSOLIDATE.

Following the recent consolidations of
of various iron and steel industries under
the head of the Canada Iron Corpora-
tion, and the merger of twelve cement
companies, comes the announcement of
the consolidation of four large iron
working companies operating six mills
in various parts of Ontario, these being
the Toronto Bolt & Forging Co., Toronto,
having bolt mills at Swansea (Toronto)
and Gananoque, and rolling mills at Sun-
nyside (Toronto), the Brantford Screw
Co.. Brantford, the Belleville Iron &

ot ' €

?! :,>.!,. 1.4-

New Bevel Protractor.

PORTABLE DRILL REAMER, ETC.

The portable machine, illustrated here-
with, is made with various attachments

ferred from either side of the frame
without re-setting. Another improve-
ment is that the turret is graduated to
read both ways from 0 to 180 degrees.
Mechanics will clearly appreciate this
point, as direct readings may be had
from the turret, indicating the supple-
ment of the angle, as well as the angle
required. The fact that there is but one
zero line on the frame eliminates all pos-
sible chance of confusion as to whether
acute or obtuse angles are obtained.

The head of this protractor is 7 inches
long and is supplied with an accurate
level attached to one side as shown by
cut. The blades are hardened and gra-
duated with heavy figures reading both

Horseshoe Co., Belleville, and the Gan-
anoque Bolt Co., Gananoque.

These four concerns have been con-
solidated under the name of the Canada
Bolt & Nut Co., Ltd., with headquart-
ers at Toronto, and having a capital-
ization of $2,500,000. Lloyd Harris, M.
P., of the Brantford Screw Co., is to be
president of the new company and T. H.
Watson, who recently resigned as man-
ager of the Toronto Bolt & Forging Co.,
in order to give his attention to bringing
about the present consolidation, is to be
vice-president and general manager.
George Glilies, president of the Toronto
Bolt & Forging Co., has disposed of his
interests and is retiring.

Further details of the consolidation
are not yet completed, but announce-
ment will be made as to the composition
of the board of directors after the next
meeting. The question of enlarging the
Swansea plant is also being considered.
but the main changes likely to be made
are the concentration of certain lines
of work in the different plants, there
being at present some duplication in this
respect.

Portable Drill, Reamer, Grinder, etc.

so that it can be used for numerous
operations such as grinding, drilling,
reaming or as a tube expander or cut-
ter. It - is made as a breast drill from

ways. The heads are made with fine
smooth finish.

These protractors are manufactured by
L. S. Starrett Co., Athol, Mass.

44

When the shop surveyor proceeds to
remove a chip or spark from a sufferer's
eye, he generally employs a knife blade.
If he would have the blade thoroughly
magnetized before beginning the opera-
tion it would often draw out the souroj
of. pain without touching the eye.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

A 10,500 H.P. IMPULSE WATER
WHEEL.

The illustration shows a 10,500 H.P.
Impulse Water Wheel, which was built
in the shops of The John McDougali,
Caledonian Iron Works Co., Ltd., Mono-
real. It is designed to deliver 10,500
brake horse power at 200 revs, per min.
under a head of 380 feet of water. It
was built for the British Columbia Elec-
tric Railway Co., to be used at Lake
Buntzen, driving an alternating current
generator 5,000 K.V.A., 22,000 volt, 3
phase, GO cycles.

There are four sets of buckets, all on
the same shaft, two on each side of the

area of the orifice and the amount of
water discharged. The needles do not
make a hollow stream, both are so shap-
ed as to draw the water down to .i
solid stream before it leaves them. The
springs on the needle spindles approxi-
mately balance the force of the wain-
on the needles, thus taking the load from
the governor. Underneath the wheels, at
D, are the needle relief nozzles. Thes?
are so connected to the governor that
should the main nozz'es become sudden-
ly closed the relief nozzles will open
and allow the surplus water to run in-
to the discharge pipe preventing shock
in the inlet pipes. The needles of these

A 10.500 h.p. Impulse Water Wheel.

generator. These buckets are of the
ellipsoidal type, and are made of close
grained cast steel ground to a smoot.i
finish. Each set consists of 16 buckets,
24 inches wide, forming a wheel 6 feet
10 inches in diameter.

The water enters the casing at A and
B and is directed onto the buckets
tli rough two needle nozzles. These
needles are connected with the Lombard
governor through the levers, and lay
shaft] as shown in the. illustration, and
move in a longitudinal direction within
the nozzle, thus changing the annul.tr

nozzles are handled by dash pots so that
after being wide open they will gradually
close, thus preventing shock.

The main shaft is 43 ft. 6 ins. long, 20
inches in diameter at the centre, tap-
ering to 12 inches diameter at each end.
It is made of nickel steel, hydraulic
forged, oil tempered and runs in fo-ir
water-cooled bearings. The four cast
iron inlet pipes are 36 inches in diam-
eter, and will be bolted to a cast steel
yoke pipe, 51 inches diameter. The hous-
ings are of cast iron with machined bot-
tom flanges.

45 .17

HANDLING OILS AND TURPENTINE.

A convenient and practical means of
handling oils and turpentine has been
adopted by Lockwood & Palmer, Stam-
ford, Conn. Three floors are used in
the system. On the second floor are five
oil tanks holding from 30 to 50 gal-
lons each. These are used respectively
for turpentine, boiled oil, raw oil, ma-
chine oil and kerosene. An iron pipe
runs from each of these tanks down the
elevator shaft and then through the
wall partition on the first floor, where
each end in a brass cock. The oil is
drawn off here. The tanks are filled
from the equipment on the third floor.
An inclined plane, fi feet long and '1 '.
feet high at the raised end, leads to a
sink directly above the tanks. Each
tank has attached a length of corru-
gated conductor pipe set at the right
angle to receive the adjustable pipe
which comes from the sink.

When it is desired to fill a tank tin-
pipes are adjusted, a barrel of oil is
brought from the cellar on the elevator,
rolled up the incline and poured into
the sink.

CANADIAN CHROME IRON ORES.

The annual report of the Department
of Mines, Ottawa, for the calendar years
1907 and 1008, gives some interesting
statistics regarding the output of ehrom-
ite in O.nada. Chrome iron ore is used
chiefly for the manufacture of terra
chrome alloys and salts for pigments, as
well as for linings in Bteel and copper
furnaces.

Ferro-chrome is produced at Bucking-
ham, Que., by the Electric Reduction Co..
and shipments of the ores have been
made to the Sydney and 8oo Steel plants,
but their chief Markets is in the Tinted
States. The ore ranges in value from
$17 to $20 a ton, for 50 per cent. ore.
Chromite Is mined in the Eastern Town-
ships of Quebec. In 1907, 7.196 tons
were mined, valued at $72,000. In 1908
a little more was mined.

The world 's production of chromite
in 1907 was about 90.000 metric tons.

George C. Wells, assistant general
passenger agent of the C.P.R. is giving
a series of lectures this term to the stu-
dents in the Railway Department of Mc-
Oill University, Montreal, on "The Con-
duct of Passenger Business."

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

FOUNDRYMEN' S CONVENTION.

The annual foundrymen's convention
will be held in Detroit, June 6 to 10,
1910, instead of during the week of May
30, as previously announced. The change
in date was made in view of the fact
that May 30 is Decoration Day, and it
is doubtful if many foundrymen would
have been present at that time. Ar-
rangements are already being made for
the exhibit which will be conducted un-
der the auspices of the Foundry and
Manufacturers' Supply Association, and
during this week the annual meetings of
the American Foundrymen's Association,
the American Brass Founders' Associa-
tion and Associated Foundry Foremen
will be held.

The furnace is provided with a swing-
ing cover, which is moved aside by de-
pressing the lever shown in an upright

CRUCIBLE MELTING FURNACE.

To meet the demands for a melting
furnace having a removable crucible,
the Monarch Engineering & Mfg. Co.,
Baltimore, has designed the type shown
in Figs. 1 and 2, which is equipped
with a crane for setting the pot into
the furnace and for removing the same
after the metal has been melted. This

Fig. 1 .—Stationary Melting Furnace With Crane
in Position to Lift Crucible.

furnace is especially adapted for use in
shops where the pot is lifted out and is
used for pouring the metal. In Fig. 1,
the furnace is shown with the crane in
position for lifting the crucible into the
furnace, and in Fig. 2, the pot has been
raised, the crane swung over, in posi-
tion to deposit the crucible with its
charge into the furnace. The crucible is
lifted by a chain attached to the tongs,
the chain being wound up on a small
drum on the spindle of the hand wheel.

American Foundrymen's

Association.

American Brass Founders'

Association.

ANNOUNCEMENT.

On behalf of our association we
beg to announce that the invita-
tion so kindly issued by the Foun-
drymen of Detroit to our respec-
tive bodies, to hold the next con-
vention in that city, has been
officially accepted by our Executive
Boards. The date has been set
for June 7th, 8th and 9th, 1910.

The hotel headquarters are to
be at the Pontchartrain. Notice of
details later on.

With this announcement there
are sent the Proceedings of the
Associations, and an apology is
due for the lateness with which
they reach you. The manuscript
copy was ready early in August,
buit at that time the printing
office at which our work is done
was undergoing a complete trans-
formation, and the monotype ma-
chines and new presses have taken
until now to get into the running
order necessary to turn out our
work properly. As our members
have all had such experiences in
their own shops, we trust the
apology may be acceptable

Detroit promises to be one of
the big conventions, as from all
accounts the very energetic com-
mittee, headed by Dr. Stephenson,
of Cincinnati Convention fame, is
busily engaged even at this early
date. The exhibition to be held
during the week of June 6th, also
promises to eclipse everything
heretofore shown, and hence visit-
ing Foundrymen will be amply re-
paid, and should make their pre-
parations early.

In the expectation of a very
useful and enjoyable gathering, we
remain. Respectfully,

RICHARD MOLDENKE,

Sec. Amer. Foundrymen's Ass'n.
W. M. CORSE,
Sec. American Brass Founders'

Association.
December 10th, 1909.

position in Fig. 1. The opening in the
furnace cover permits the products of
combustion to escape, and in addition
can be used for introducing metal into
the crucible, or for inspecting the con-
dition of the metal as it melts. These
furnaces can be arranged for installa-
tion in pits or above the floor level as

3 ^H I _B&

Fig. 2. — Crucible Raised and in Position to be
Lowered Into Pot.

desired, and are furnished with or with-
out the lifting crane. Gas or oil can be
used for fuel.

FOUNDRY MOTOR.

The motor illustrated herewith is for
use in the foundry or in dirty places.
It is a pipe ventilated motor, the cut
showing the intake pipe at the back.
This pipe is connected with the outside
of the building ; the other end blows
the air into the shop if wished, a fan
drawing the air in and forcing it out.

This motor is made for direct or al-
ternating current, in all sizes. It is
dust proof, being completely covered by
a case. One of the features is that it
is run with ball bearings and requires
lubrication once m two years. Grease
is the lubricant and is inserted by re-
moving the small cap at the end of the

46

bearing. A chimney cooled motor for
outside work is built along similar
lines.

These motors are being placed on the
Canadian market by the Lancashire

Enclosed Foundry Motor.

Dynamo & Motor Co., 152-4 Bay St.,
Toronto. G. E. Mason is manager of
the Canadian branch of this company.

CONTINUOUS MELTING.*

By S. D. Sleeth.**

When the Westinghouse Air Brake
Co. found it necessary to enlarge their
plant, on account of increased business,
it was decided to move to Wilmerding,
Pa., and install in the foundry flask and
sand conveyors. This meant that the
foundry would have to run so that iron
could be poured all day, instead of two
or three hours in the afternoon. "We
knew of no plant where this was being
done, so it was up to our foundry to
work it out. As it required about two
and one-half hours to run the heat off
at that time, we decided to see how
much longer we could hold the metal in
the cupola and still keep it hot. The
first day we put the blast on one-half
hour earlier and melted the iron with
the same blast pressure, but would shut
the blast off for five or ten minutes and
then start to blow again. This we found
to work satisfactorily for that day. The
second day we put the blast on one hour
earlier, but this did not work so well,
we, therefore, added more coke, which
kept the metal hot but the melting was
slower.

When we started work in the new
foundry at Wilmerding we ran two cu-
polas, one in the morning, and one dn
the afternoon. We were afraid to hold
over dinner hour. After running for
some time in this way we decided to run
one cupola all day; at 11 o'clock, or a
little later, we added 200 lbs. of coke
for two or three charges so that we

• Paper read before the American Foundrymen's
Association. In the February issue will be given
a discussion on this subject by Geo. K. Hooper,
M.E.. New York City.

•• Address : Wilmerding. Pa.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

would have an extra amount of coke
to hold over the dinner hour. Our great
trouble at this time was with the cupola
man, as he insisted that the iron would
freeze at the tapping hole, but we final-
ly persuaded him that he would not be
held responsible should this occur. We
drained all the iron out at 12 o'clock and
closing the slag hole wifjh sand, stop-
ping the tapping hole, and shutting all
other openings tight, so there would be
no draught. About ten minutes before
starting time we tapped out all that was
in the cupola and pigged it, then put the
blast on full, so as to be ready when
the starting whistle blew. Sometimes
we have to pig two or three hundred
pounds on account of the metal not being
hot enough.

We had two sizes of cupola — 48 in.
and 60 in. inside the lining. When the
heats were heavy we would run the 60 in.
We had to enlarge the plant again so we
took out the 48-in. cupola and installed
two new cupolas, the shells 'being 90
in., so that we could line them up to 78
in. if required. We have them lined at
the present time to 70 in. When run-
ning full, i.e., night and day, we melt
280 tons, running each cupola about ten
hours. We have operated one cupola
from Friday night at 6 o'clock until
Saturday noon of the following day, clos-
ing down at 11 p.m. for one-half hour
for lunch, and again at 6.30 in the
morning for three-quarters of an hour
for breakfast. This is rather hard on
the lining so we do not make a practice
of it.

We have tried a great many experi-
ments with cupolas, but as yet have been
unable to find any that will give better
results than the double row of tuyeres
— the upper row about 10 in. above the
lower. It is not necessary to keep the
upper ones open all the time. Our 'blast
pressure is about 11 ounces in the cupola
bustle. We use a fan for blast. When
running full we melt ten to eleven lbs.
of iron to one pound of coke.

In charging the cupola we are very
careful to have the charge level. We
charge the pig by hand and the scrap is
dumped in from a buggy through a door
above the regular charging door. All
the charges are the same from beginning
to the end of the heat. As the iron
must come very soft and uniform we
do not charge more than 4,000 lbs, at
one time. For a smaller cupola the
charge would naturally be less.

To sum up our experiences. I would
advise: See that the coke bed is burn-
ing even all around, then charge just as
you would for an ordinary run, allow-
ing an extra amount of coke for the
dinner hour. After running about one
hour, open the slag hole and keep it
open, except during the dinner hour.

47

Use about 40 to 50 lbs. of limestone to
one ton of molten metal — better to use
too much than too little. Have the
cupola shell large enough, as it is easy
to put in an extra lining for smaller
heats.

TRADE LITERATURE AS ENGLISH
TEXT-BOOKS.

The following unique scheme of teach-
ing English in the Cuban public schools
of Habana Province, instituted by the
supervisor of English, Miss Abbie
Phillips, is reported from Habana :

Miss Phillips has asked all the repre-
sentatives of English and American
manufacturers in Habana to supply her
with their catalogs, and especially those
which are profusely illustrated. These
catalogs are distributed among the
schools and students, and a large part
of the time devoted to English instruc-
tion is used in explaining the names
and uses of the articles illustrated.

This seems to offer a rare opportun-
ity for a great deal of free advertising
for those manufacturers who are will-
ing to send their illustrated catalogs
and pamphlets to the supervisor. The
great value of this method of teaching
is that the rising generation of Cuban
youth will learn the names and uses of
the articles illustrated at the most im-
pressionable age, which in the near fu-
ture will reflect to the advantage of
those manufacturers. Miss Phillips
states that any kind of catalog is wel-
come, whether dealing with office sup-
plies or machinery.

It is suggested that interested manu-
facturers and exporters send a half
dozen sets or more of their illustrated
literature to Miss Abbie Phillips, Su-
pervisor of English, Obrapia, 57, Ha-
bana, Cuba.

PROTECTING POLISHED STEEL
WORK FROM RUST.

Polished steel work may easily be pro-
tected from rust by 'the application of
the following compound :

Lard 6 parts

Rosin 1 part

The two ingredients are melted to-
gether and stirred until cold. The rosin
prevents the mass from becoming rancid
and also acts as an air-tight film. If
rubbed upon a polished steel surface,
even very thinly, it effectually preserves
and protects the polish. It is easily
removed by gasoline or kerosene— Brass
World.

W. G. Lotte, instructor in forge prac-
tice at the college of engineering, Un-
iversity of Wisconsin, for 17 years, has
been granted one year's leave of absence.
He will spend the time as special inspec-
tor of steel for the International Harves-
ter Co., visiting its various plants in the
United States and Canada.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Steel Foundry of Vancouver Engineering Works

This New Steel Foundry is the Only One in Canada West of the Great
Lakes — Equipment Includes Up-to-Date Cupola, Converter, Cranes, Etc.

The demand for steel castings in the
western part of Canada has increased
with the rapid development of that sec-
tion. Machinery used in the lumber
and mining industries must be con-
structed to withstand very heavy work.

portion of the Dominion, early in 1909,
the directors of the Vancouver Engin-
eering Works decided to add a steel
foundry to their plant at Vancouver.
The side blown converter for making
steel was adopted.

»WAO)IO r*rt«VT

Fig. 1.— Layout of Steel Plant. Vancouver Engineering Works.

Steel castings, which enter largely into
the manufacture of this class of ma-
chinery, had to be shipped from the
eastern part of Canada, or imported
from the United States, or England.
This was expensive because of high
freight rates and long deliveries.
Realizing the growing need in that

Tn May, 1909, the Whiting Foundry
Equipment Co., Harvey, 111., was com-
missioned to design and equip the steel
foundry according to the most up-to-
date practice. Erection of the plant
was commenced in June, and the equip-
ment installed during the following
September. The first blow of steel was

successfully made October 12th, under
the supervision of the Whiting Foundry
Equipment Company's Steel Foundry-
Engineer.

The plant has a present capacity of
eight tons per day, and is so designed
that extensions for handling double
that capacity can be made as required,
without interrupting the operation of
the present foundry. It is of steel con-
struction throughout, having a main
bay 120 feet long, and 50 feet wide,
with a side bay 120 feet long, and SO
feet wide, — as shown on the ground
plan — Fig. 1. The side bay 4s designed
to provide the most compact grouping
of the melting and converting depart-
ment, tiie core room, sand mill, and
cleaning department, without in any
way interfering with the economical
operation of each. In the design, every
effort was made to secure a continuous
system, in order that the raw material
might be converted into finished cast-
ings without any reverse movements.
The steel foundry is so arranged in the
plot of the general plant, that the
movement of all departments is in the
direction of the castings store house.

The Cupola.

The cupola is the standard Whiting
No. 4, and the height from floor level to
top of the stack is 35 feet. In order
to properly charge the converter, the
melting capacity is about seven tons
per hour. The cupola charging floor is
22 feet long, and 20 feet wide, and is
served by a 2-ton electric elevator, hav-
ing a lift of 16 feet. In order to facili-
tate the handling of melting stock, an
industrial track of 24 inch gauge con-
nects the elevator with the stock yard.

Iron is tapped from the cupola into a
b',000 pound ladle, carried by a pneu-
matic jib crane of 4 tons capacity, as
shown in Fig. 2. Two taps are made
to obtain a full charge for the conver-
ter. This is done to avoid holding the
molten iron in the hearth of the cupola,

Fig. 2.— Jib Crane of 4 Tons Capacity.

Fig. 4.— Ladle Lowered to Ueceivc Finished Steel.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

where it is exposed to the incandescent
coke from which it will absorb sulphur,
especially if the manganese content is
low. After the ladle is filled, the jib
crane hoists it to the pouring position,
shown in Fig. 3, and the iron is trans-
fered to the converter, to be blown
into steel.

Since no phosphorus or sulphur can
be removed, owing to the acid lining of
the converter, it is necessary to melt
an iron running low in these elements,
the maximum limit being 0.04 per cent,
for each. The manganese content
ranges from 0.60 per cent, to 1.50 per
cent. The cupola charge is so propor-
tioned as to give about 1.00 per cent,
of manganese, this limit being set be-
cause it counteracts the affinity of the
iron for the sulphur in the coke, and
also minimizes the wear upon the con-
verter lining. As the percentage of sili-

A large hood is suspended aoo>e the
converter, to carry the fumes outside
the building. The height of the con-
verter is 10 feet, when in blowing posi-
tion. It is lined with a composition of
ganister, sand and fire clay, rammed
around a wood form. This lining, if re-
paired when necessary, will give at
least 180 or 200 blows.

Iron from the cupola is poured into
the converter, which is then turned to
an upright position for blowing. The
air pressure ranges from 3 to 5 pounds
a square inch, it being regulated by a
valve at the operator's platform. The
Mowing operation requires from 15 to
20 minutes, varying with the percentage
of metalloids in the iron. It is neces-
sary that the time be as brief as pos-
sible), as upon the rapidity of the blow
depends the temperature of the bath.
Fig. 5 shows the converter during the

pipe connects the cupola with the
blower. Regulation of the blast for the
cupola is accomplished by means of a
standard blast gate.

Core Room.

The core room, core oven and mold
drying oven are in the side bay, ad-
joining the cupola room, and cover an
area 40 feet long, and 30 feet wide. The
mold drying oven, which holds two
cars, is 18 feet long and 10 feet wide,
and is fitted with a Kinnear roller cur-
tain door. The core oven is 10 feet
by 10 feet, equipped with side shelves
for cores, and has a swinging steel plate
door. Coal is used for fuel.

Adjoining the core room, is the sand
mill room, with a 72 inch mill, built
by the Vancouver Engineering Works,
Ltd. This mill is of the undergeared
type, and is belt driven by a 25 h.p.
A.-C.-B. alternating current motor. A

^-- —

k

i

■!

.*■■

- : '--

^ M^S"'^

. —

Fig. 3.— Pouring Position Transferring Iro

con in the cupola charge should be from
1.80 per cent, to 2.00 per cent, in the
iron it ranges from 1.20 per cent, to
3.50 per cent. The extensive manufac-
ture of boilers, tanks, etc., gives this
company a heavy stock of punching*
and clippings to draw upon for the
cupola charge. In order to produce
steel castings of high grade, careful at-
tention is given the sulphur and phos-
phorus limitations.

The Converter.
The converter, having a capacity of
2 tons, is of the standard Whiting
type. It occupies a floor space 20 feet
by 12 feet, and is separated from the
remainder of the side bay by a steel cur-
tain wall. It is carried on cast steel trun
nions, which revolve in heavy cast iron
standards, and spans a concrete pit into
which the ladle is lowered to receive
the finished steel, as shown in F*ig. 4.

n to^ Converter.

progress of the blow. Reduction in the
weight of metal is about 18 per cent.
The steel comes from the converter at
1,700 degrees, centigrade,— a tempera-
ture insuring sufficient fluidity to yield
sharp, sound castings of light section.

Hack of the converteri, and on a level
with the foundry floor, is the blower
room, which is equipped with a positive
pressure blower for the converter, and
a steel pressure blower for the cupola.
The positive pressure blower built by
the P. H. & F. M. Roots Co., is a No.
5. It is belt connected to a 75 h.p.
Allis-Chalmers-Bullock alternating cur-
rent motor. The steel pressure blower,
built by the B. F. Sturtevant Co., is a
No. 6, belted to a 10 h.p. A.-C.-B. al-
ternating current motor.

The blast main to the converter is in
a straight line to insure the minimum
loss due to friction. A 14-inch blast

Fig. 5. — Converter During Progress of "the Blow.

pneumatic sand shaker, built by the
Hanna Engineering Co. is between the
sand mill and core room.

The cleaning room adjoins the blower-
room, and opens into the main bay.
The equipment -consists of a cold saw
of the 2-B type, aud two power hand
saws, built by the Quincy, Manchester
Sargent Co. Two type C Diamond
emery grinders, built by Diamond Ma-
chine Co., provide ample facility for
grinding the present out-put of the
foundry. Provision has been made for
the future installation of an annealing
furnace.

The Vancouver Engineering Works,
Ltd., manufacture an extensive line of
logging and saw-mill machinery, all
types of boilers, burners for sa-w-mills,
and mining machinery. F. L. Leighton
is general manager and instalations were
made under his supervision.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

LOST HIS SUIT CASE.

L. L. Anthes, of the Toronto Foundry j
Co., has returned from a trip to Cal-
gary and Edmonton, during which he
was a member of two hunting parties.
While in Winnipeg he, along with Alex.
and Garnet Irvine, of the Standard
Plumbing Co., and Sam Tait, manager
of the plumbing department of the J.
H. Ashdown Co., made up a duck
shooting party, which visited Findlay,
Man., Bob Green, master plumber, of
Winnipeg, also being along. He later
on went after big game south of Port
Arthur, getting a deer, and Alex Cam-
eron, Fort William, a moose. H. An-
derson, Port Arthur, also got a shot
at a moose, but failed to bring him
down. The best Ed. Higginbotham, of
Fort William, could get was a snap-
shot.

While at Calgary "Lawrie" was in-
itiated into the society, which has re-
cently gained many members in the
west, "The Native Sons," the password
to whose meetings is the "Indian Sign."
Several members of the society came
down to the depot to see "Lawrie" off
on his trip east, and while waiting for

passed, "Why didn't you make the first
^casting like this ?" The answer will of
course depend on many circumstances,
but taking a case in point— that of a
valve seating shown in Fig. 1, having
three machined faces, L, K, and M, —
the answer is that, not knowing the
parts to be machined were as shown
on the sketch, no precautions were
taken to ensure these parts coming out
clean. It is only when viewing the re-
turned casting that the molder knows
anything about these machined faces,
as the pattern supplied (Fig. 2) gives
no information in this respect. It would
be a great help to the foundry if en-
gineers who get their castings made
out were particular in having their pat-
terns marked plainly where they are
machined, either by printing, say, the
word "Bright," or painting all machin-
ed parts a different color, attention be-
ing drawn to this point on the order
accompanying the patterns.

The remedy in this instance is to
cast the piece on its side, so that all
bright faces are vertical. Fig. 3 is a
sectional view of Fig. 4, which latter
is a cross-section of the mold complete.

equipment, in issuing a catalogue have
included in it useful information for
foundrymen. While the "Steel-Harvey"
Crucible Tilting Furnace, the Monarch
Portable Tilting Furnace, Monarch Non-
lilting Furnace, blowers, etc., are used
as illustrations, and the catalogue is an
advertisement for these special lines, yet
there is a lot of useful information
which should be perused by those inter-
ested. An article on "The 'Use' and
'Abuse' of Crucibles," contains sugges-
tions worth perusing. The footnote of
the opening page, "All goods manufac-
tured and shipped by us are guaranteed
as represented, otherwise subject to re-
turn at our expense," gives a reader of
the catalogue, an impression of genuine-
ness in the contents of the catalogue,
and in the goods described.

MAKING PREPARATIONS AT PITTS-
BURG FOR FOUNDRYMEN'S
CONVENTION IN 1911.

The chairmen of the different com-
mittees, which will be in charge of the
various arrangements for the annual
convention of the American Foundry-

Fig, l.

nr\

nr\ $»

rvw.'y,-.'>

4

i>w^v?K

^y;:-y^;:-v-.^^yy^-:-.:i

TET

Fig. 2.— Molding a Valve Seating, Fig. 3.

Fig. 4

the train, some one suggested that they
have a cigar, so the party went across
the road. On the return trip, however,
Anthes and his suit case got separated,
but he took the train on condition that
his friends would send the baggage
along on the next train.

"The best laid plans" oft go astray,
however, and though "Lawrie" tele-
graphed from Winnipeg, and went on his
hunting trip at Port Arthur, that suit
case hasn't arrived yet, and as it con-
tained his camera his friends have to
take his word for it that he got "all
the law allows" on his shooting expedi-
tion.

MOLDINGA VALVE SEATING.

By G. Buchanan.
It sometimes happens that the mold-
er turns out some piece of work for
which he is really not responsible, al-
though, when the casting is returned to
the foundry and another piece is made
whicli turns out good, the remark is

A is a dry-sand core ; B, B are plates
which are bedded on to the bottom and
top parts of the flask when the mold
is being rammed up. These plates are
clamped as shown in Fig. 4. Two holes
are cut in the flask at the joint, H for
a riser and L for the runner. N, N, N,
N are dummy risers which take any
dirt out of the top flange.

The mold is made in the same way
as before when the casting was re-
turned, the same tackle being used. The
alterations needed were the holes cut
in the flask joint and the two plates
bedded as shown to enable the mold to
withstand the side pressure when being
poured. These pieces weigh 300 lbs., and
are made in batches of twelve at a
time. — Mechanical World.

MELTING FURNACES.

The Monarch Engineering Co., Balt-
imore, Md., engineers and specialists in
general oil and gas fuel for plant furnace

men's Association at Pittsburg in 1911,
were announced as follows at the regu-
lar monthly meeting of the Pittsburg
Foundrymen's Association, Monday
evening, Dec. 6 — General committee,
Jos. T. Speer, of the Pittsburg Valve,
Foundry & Construction Co.; reception,
E. A. Kebler, M. A. Hanna & Co.;
smoker and get-together, E. D. Froh-
man, S. Obermayer Co.; finance, J. S.
Seaman, Seaman, Sleeth Co.; plant vis-
itation, W. A. Bole, Westinghouse Ma-
chine Co.; convention, H. E. F*ield,
Mackintosh, Hemphill &) Co.; ladies'
entertainment, O. W. Mason, Midland
Steel Co.; boat ride, F. H. Zimmers,
Union Foundry & Machine Co.; press,
W. B. Robinson, The Iron Trade Re-
view.

Louis Lavoie, formerly on the per-
sonal staff of the general manager of
the I. C. R., has been appointed gen-
eral purchasing agent of the road with
headquarters at Ottawa, Ont., Canada.

5°

CANADIAN MACHINERY

GnadianMachinery

^Manufacturing News»>

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
tricity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H V. TYRRELL, Toronto - - Business Manager

G C KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto - Managing Editor
F. C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal - Associate Editor

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tinually arriving and great improvements have been made
to the rolling stock. The Grand Trunk Pacific has com-
pleted ils line between Fort William and Winnipeg, the
line being now complete from Lake Superior to Edmonton.

Nor is the Canadian Northern lesa progressive. That
road increased its equipment by 25 locomotives, 1,950
box cars, 5(H) flat, cars, L2G stock cars, 40 cabooses. 16
baggage and mail cars and 15 passenger cars, every one of
which was built in Canada. The Ontario division of the
road will build during this winter a line to Ottawa, giving
thereby a through line between Toronto and Quebec; and
the bridging of the gap between Sudbury and Port Arthur
(now under construction) will connect the eastern and
western divisions, and give the Canadian Northern en-
trance to the larger centres of the country. West from
Edmonton the same line is surveying a route that will
take it to New Westminster, so that it is but a matter
of months until the third transcontinental railway will
connect the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific.

There cannot be much doubt as to the confidence of
the railroads in the future business conditions of the
country. The most sceptical can take heart when the
shrewd business men controlling these interests make
preparations for a greater strain on their rolling stock,
for there is this evident fact that unless the country is
prosperous, traffic cannot be.

Vol. VI.

January, 1910

No. 1

RAILROAD BUYING A BAROMETER.

No better indication of the prosperity of a country
can be found than in the equipment buying of its rail-
roads. When the corporations are launching out into
fresh rolling stock, and are providing for increased traffic
then there can be no doubt that the trade barometer is
favorable. But if the buying is shut down, as was the
case last year, then there is no doubt as to the conditions
being unfavorable. If railroad economizing tends further
to depress trade, railroad liberality has the opposite effect.
Not only does it mean that money will be circulating more
freely, but that others are encouraged by the action of
men who are recognized as leading guides of trade pros-
pects.

For some time now our railroads have been buying
heavily, confident in the prosperity wave that has arrived
and anxious to be prepared for further improvement. The
rolling stock has been greatly added to during the summer
and the winter is to be no exception. The C.P.R. are
making extensive preparations at their Angus shops,
Montreal) to prepare for next year's traffic. They have
commenced by placing an order for 15 freight engines and
three passenger engines of the Pacific type. Upwards of
150 passenger cars are also to be renovated, and eight new
sleepers constructed. A record winter of work is antici-
pated at tin Angus shops, and it is evident that apart
from the benefit of this money circulating we have the
satisfaction of knowing that much heavier traffic is ex-
pected next year.

The Grand Trunk and Grand Trunk Pacific are also
making st tenuous arrangements as to equipment. During
I he past four months they have added to their rolling
slock at f;he rate of about $1,000,000 a month, while
orders foil new engines and cars have now been given,
which wilAensure an even greater rate of progress during
the balancd of the year. Locomotives and cars are con-

-5-

" GRAFT AND GOOD ROADS SEEM STRANGE
BEDFELLOWS."

There appeared in a recent issue of the Toronto Globe
what appeared to be an authentic account of an. investi-
gation of certain charges of graft in connection with the
administration of the Oxford county roads system. The
article was published under the somewhat startling cap-
tion, "Graft and Good Roads Seem Strange Bedfellows."
In the course of the evidence reported it was stated that
one Jas. A. Vance, "agent of the Hamilton Bridge Works
Co.," had sworn that he paid Reeve Sutherland, of East
Zorra, $50 to secure his signature to a contract for a
bridge.

The Hamilton Bridge Works Co. affirm that this man
Vance was not an agent, is not an agent, and will never
be an agent, of the Hamilton Bridge Works Co., and while
the Globe is to be congratulated on any steps it takes to
expose graft, it would seem that steps should be taken to
verify statements made. ■

It seems that Jas. A. Vance for a number of years was
a broker or contractor, going out and taking contracts on
his own hook and then buying the steel where he chose.
During the past few years the steel for a number of
bridges was purchased from the Hamilton Bridge Works.
This company on a few occasions gave him contracts to
erect some small bridges when he happened to have work
in the neighborhood and when it was inconvenient for the
company to send its own gangs.

A letter received by the Hamilton Bridge Works Co.
from Judge Finkle, chairman of the investigating com-
mittee, says that t'here.was no evidence whatever brought
out to show that this man was connected with the Hamil-
ton Bridge Works Co. It was therefore unfair, to say
the least, for the Globe to publish such an article before
endeavoring to find' out the full facts. It is a great in-
justice to the company mentioned to connect them even
indirectly with shady dealings. This company has a repu-
tation for fair dealings, not having to resort to any mean
or petty acts to secure contracts.

5i

CANADIAN MACHINERY

FACTS ABOUT OURSELVES.

Canadian Machinery lias entered the sixth year of
publication, having-, we believe, the confidence of the me-
chanical men of Canada. From the first, when Canadian
Machinery was launched into a distinctly new field, the
paper has been a success. From a sixty-four page paper,
it has grown to a ninety-six page paper. It is recognized
thai the support a paper receives from its advertisers is
positive proof of its value. In December, 1905, there were
thirty-four pages of advertising, while four years later, in
December, 1909, there were fifty-eight pages.

When Canadian Machinery was started in January,
1905, there was no machine tool paper in Canada. It is
still the only paper in Canada catering exclusively to the
machine tool and foundry trades. The quick and ready
response with which Canadian Machinery was received
by the mechanical men of the Dominion showed that its
future was assured. That their interest has not flagged
is shown by the fact, that not only have practically all
the original readers renewed their subscriptions, but the
list has grown until now Canadian Machinery reaches over
90 per cent, of the machine shops and foundries of Canada.

The industrial life of Canada has awakened and fac-
tories have been erected by the score during the past year,
while a great number more
have been planned for 1910.
More than twenty salaried
subscription men are covering
Canada simultaneously, from
coast to coast, every city,
town and village being visited
each year. These men must
show results or we want to
know the reason why. Be-
sides these men we have a
great number of shop agents,
and every industrial con-
cern, superintendent, foreman,
purchasing agent and master
mechanic has the paper
brought regularly before his
attention. The directors of
embryo concerns are also ap-
proached, so that we are
maintaining a list of paid-up subscribers in Canada, which
includes the men who can influence the buying of machine
shop and foundry equipment and supplies.

With the growth of the paper and its increase in popu-
larity among Canadian mechanical men generally, the edi-
torial staff has been increased and greater efforts are being
put forward to increase the value of the paper. Results
speak for themselves and comparisons of issues as they
appear, with previous ones, show a growth in the class of
editorial matter published. This has been accomplished
by the most diligent effurts on the part of the publishers
and by the suggestions received from time to time from
friends of the paper. We are always on the outlook for
these suggestions whereby the paper may be made of
greater interest, and we value the criticisms of our readers.

Among our eontributers during (he past year we have
numbered some of the best known mechanical men of
Canada and numerous excellent articles will appear dur-
ing 1910. We spare no expense to get the mechanical
public what they want and we are ever looking for good,
live, reliable articles. In every issue is a good fund of

information and ideas for manufacturers, superintend-
ents, foremen ami mechanics. As a result, subscriptions
continue to Bome in from all over Canada and our repre-
sentatives in the various provinces are meeting with ex-
cellent results.

Discriminating advertisers who know where to get
results are placing their business with us and each year
has shown a growth over the one previous, showing the
confidence our patrons have in the advertising power of
Canadian Machinery.

While the main function of our advertising pages is
to provide a place wherein the advertiser may print his
message, we realize that many advertisers, lacking time
or inclination to produce good "copy," fail frequently to
make the most of the opportunity which Canadian Ma-
chinery provides. For that reason we maintain an Art
and Advertising Department whose business it is to co-
operate with such of our advertisers who desire it, in pre-
paring good advertising copy.

Perhaps the most striking illustration of the efficiency
of this department is contained in the factthat many of our
advertisers are using the copy prepared for them by the

Art and Ad. Department, in
other publications besides Can-
adian Machinery.

sand foteyuA^J^^favLS

■&*></.

A few kind expressions of
opinion received at our office
during the past few days, en-
tirely unsolicited, are illustra-
tive of the position held by
Canadian Machinery among
mechanical men.

W. Dalgheish, Sidney, Man.,
writes: "I look forward to its
monthly visits with a good
deal of pleasure, and enclose
$1 to place to my credit.
Wishing you continued suc-
cess."

The following letters were
received recently from British Columbia subscribers, at
our Vancouver office, 11 Haitney Chambers by H. Hodg-
son: "Canadian Machinery is a credit to Canada. It is
one of the best machinery papers I have seen. It is of
interest to every mechanical man whether he be employee
or employer."

"Yes, I got the paper all right and like it fine. If
every issue is like the October number you can count on
me as a permanent subscriber. Moreover, I will get others'
for you. When you were talking to me I must confess
I had no confidence in the paper, but it is ahead of Eng-
lish and United States papers for Canadian mechanical
men."

David Williams, one of our eastern representatives,
after a tour of New Brunswick, Prince Ec'ward Island
and Nova Scotia writes: "There are very f«w managers
or foremen who are not on our list. All of them speak
well of Canadian Machinery, especially late'y. I have
told a number of them that we propose enlarging the de-
partment of "Machine Shop Methods and Devices," and
they all approve of it. That department has been good
lately. The article on the Moncton shops was very much
appreciated down here." Mr. Williams is no#r making a
complete tour of the British West Indies for us.

52

New Interesting Type of Boring and Turning Mills

The Colburn Machine Tool Co., Franklin, Pa., Have Just Brought Out An En-
tirely New Line of Vertical Boring and Turning Mills, the " New Model."

The "New Model" vertical boring and
turning mills recently placed on the mar-
ket include many new features in their
design. There are five sizes in the entire
line, 42, 48, 54, 60 and 72-inch swing.
With the exception of the method of driv-
ing the table, the same features are in-
corporated' in all sizes and a description
of any one size practically describes all
the others. All sizes arc built with two
swivel heads,' and the three smallest
sizes with turret heads as desired.

Referring to Fig. 1, the table spindle
has a massive angular thrust bearing
which makes it self-centring, and, to-
gether with the large, straight, upright
bearings, effectually resists vertical, an-
gular and horizontal strains. All bear-

att'd with one hand, the belt c;ui he
changed from one step of the cone pul-
ley to another with great rapidity and
without any injury to the belt. In ac-
tual operation the entire range of speeds
obtained with the cone pulleys, from the
slowest to the fastest and back again,
stopping momentarily on each step, has
been made in eight seconds. By chang-
ing the back gear lever Z, which is in
close proximity to the handle which
operates the belt shifter, another run of
five additional speeds is obtained. A
speed index plate, located on the hous-
ing directly above the back gear lever
Z, indicates t*he right step on euna pul-
ley for belt and position of clutches in-
side of speed box to give the correct

hand wheel one revolution, five changes
of feed are obtained. A movement of
the multiplying lever changes the com-
bination of gears, and another revolution
of the hand wheel gives five more
changes, making ten in all. The vertical
feed shaft extending upward from each
feed case engages with mechanism on
each end of rail, which conveys motion
to the horizontal rods and screws in
cross rail, which operate the heads ver-
tically and horizontally. Quick-adjust-
ing positive clutches are used, as shown
by D in Fig. 3, which enable the operator
to instantly change feed from vertical
to horizontal and vice versa. Either feed
can be reversed instantly by the feed
reverse lever, shown at each end of rail.

rRtCTtC SAAnt

Fig. 1.— Detail of Table Spindle Bearing and Internal Drive) as Used on RO
and 72 Inch New Model Mills.

ing surfaces of the spindle are lubricated
from one sight, feed oil cup.
Driving Mechanism.

The drive is by means of five-step
cone pulleys of large dimensions, thence
through the speed box, which contains
the back gears and positive clutches,
which are constantly immersed in a bath
of oil. The back gears are engaged and
disengaged by means of positive clutches
inside of speed box and operated by lever
Z, conveniently located at sides of ma-
ehine, shown in Fig. 2. Five speeds are
obtained with the back gears out, and
five more with the ba*k gears in, mak-
ing ten speeds in all in geometrical pro-
gression.

A belt shifter (Fig. 2) is furnished
on these mills, by means of which, oper-

speed of table in revolutions per min-
ute.

Fig. 3 shows some of the details of the
new model boring and turning mills. A
is the right-hand ram and tool holders,
B is the friction cone used on foot brake.
This has three hard maple ishoes or
wedges, which are specially prepared by
being treated in paraffin. C is a fric-
tion cone with cork inserts used on pow-
er rapid traverse. These frictions are
on the upper end of the vertical feed
shafts. D is a quick-adjusting feed
clutch, used on the ends of both feed
rods and screws on the ends of both
rods and screws in cross rail.

The feeding mechanism for each 'head
is contained in a separate case, one on
each side of the mill. By turning the
S3

Fig. 2. — Rear View* New Model Mills, Colburn
Machine Tool Co.

Rapid traverse of the tools, horizontal-
ly, vertically, and in angular directions,
is obtained from the same vertical shafts
as the feed, the manipulation being by
a vertical lever attached to tJhe front of
the feed case, marked "Rapid Traverse
Lever" on Fig. 2. This lever has two
operating positions: forward and back.
The gear feed is always engaged when
the lever is in the back position, and
-the tool will feed in the direction de-
termined by the position of the feed re-
verse lever at the end of cross rail.

The rapid traverse is'always engaged
when the lever is in the forward posi-
tion, and t'he tool will travel rapidly in
the opposite direction from the.gear feed.
It is impossible for the operator to throw
the rapid traverse in the wrong way, and

CANADIAN MACHINERY

there is no chance for an accident to oc-
cur.

The motion for the rapid traverse is
obtained from the horizontal shaft at
the top through friction cones having
cork inserts, (see C, Fig. 2). The rapid
traverse in connection with the final ad-
justing collars does away with the neces-
sity of hand cranking, although the ends
of the rods and screws in cross rail are
squared so that a crank can be used in
an emergency or when preferred.

Final Adjusting Collars.

Although the rapid traverse is an in-
dispensable feature, enabling the opera-
tor to quickly move the tools in any di-
rection, it does not allow a fine adjust-
ment to be made. In the Colburn mill
both feed screws and rods in the cross
rail are splined and each has a capstan
collar slidably fitted thereto with keys,
which fit the spline so that by turning
the capstan collars with a small lever
furnished for this purpose, the rods and
screws are turned also, (see detail, Fig.
4).

A safety shear pin device, Fig. 5,
placed on the rear of each end of the
cross rail prevents injury to feed me-
chanism in case the heads are acci-
dentally run together.

Figure 6 shows a new model mill equip-
ped with constant speed motor, mounted
on bracket and belted to friction clutch
pulley on jack shaft. Friction clutch al-

lows mill to be stopped-pnnd started with-
out stopping motor.

Fig. 4.

-Rear View of Saddle lor Swivel Head
on New Model Mill.

WESTERN CANADA RY CLUB.

The regular November meeting of the
Western Canada Railway Club was held
in the Royal Alexandra Hotel, Winni-
peg, Nov. 8. H. H. Vaughn, assistant
to vice-president, C.P.R., Montreal, read
a papei on "Fuel Economy on Testing
Plants and Railroads." Grant Hal!,
superintendent motive power, C.P.R.,
Winnipeg, occupied' the chair. On Dec.
13, H. B. Lake, chemist, C.P.R., Winni-
peg, presented a paper on "Water Sup-
ply."

The next regular monthly meeting of
the club will be held in the Royal Alex-
andra Hotel, Winnipeg, on January 10th,
at 8 o'clock. A paper will be read by
A. E. Cox, storekeeper, Canadian North-
ern Railway, on "The Stores Depart-
ment and its Relation to the Other De-
partments." There will also be the con-
tinued discussion on "Water Supply,"
and "Copper versus Steel Fireboxes."

Fig. 6. — View of Safety Shear Pin Device.

John Stewart, heretofore locomotive
engineer on the I. C. R., has been ap-
pointed acting master mechanic of the
Eastern Division with offices at Monc-
ton, N.B., vice Mr. N. L. Rand, master
mechanic, placed on the pension list.

Do your work well to-day and you
•won't have to do it over again to-
morrow.

Fig. 3.— Details of New Model Boring and Turning Mills, Colburr Fig. 5.— Constant Speed Motor Drive as Applied to 54. 60 and 72 inch

Machine Tool Co. Now Model Mills.

54

INDUSTRIAL % CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

The telephone machine factory at Waterford
has begun operations.

The Wabi Iron Works. Temiskaming, plan
t-xtenslons for this year.

The C.P.R. will probably; build a new round-
house at London, in the spring.

The Parkin Elevator Co., Gait, have decided
to open a branch office in Winnipeg.

It is officially announced that the C(.P.R. will
enlarge their Montreal roundhouse next spring.

The Stewart Machinery Co. has applied for a
permit to erect a ?30,000 warehouse at Winnipeg.

Extensive Improvements have been made to
the office floor of the Thos. Davidson Mfg. Co.,
Montreal.

The Ontario Engine & Pump Co. have decided
to locate at Calgary and will buy a big block
ne.vt spring.

The Regina Machine & Iron Works will have a
solid brick or reinforced concrete building put up
next spring.

John Dennis, one of Lindsay's pump manufac-
turers, has moved into his new premises, a mo-
dern building.

Work has been commenced on a 13 -foot ad.
dition to the Provincial Steel Company's plant
at Cobourg.

The Page-Hersey Steel Tube Works. Welland.
are expected to start work next month with
two hundred men.

The Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. has struck
a 30-foot seam of iron ore on their Wabana pro-
perty in Newfoundland.

Bonuses aggregating $300,000, have been offer-
ed to any shipbuilding company erecting a
plant on Halifax harbor.

The Western Stove Mfg. Co., with headquarters
in Portland, Ore., is likely to build a plant at
Calgary, for their Western Canadian trade.

The Ontario Iron & Steel Co.'s plant at Wel-
land, which formerly imported its steel billets
from the States, are now making their own.

The 1000 Island Boat & Engine Co.. Morris-
town, has $10,791.27 worth of orders for spring
■ l.-liviry. They have now a force of over fifty.

The National Iron Works have secured a permit
for their first building on the Ashbridge Bay
site. Toronto. It is a brick foundry estimated to
cost $20,000.

The first range manufactured by the new stove
firm, The Stanford Steel Range Co.. Brantford.
waB recently on exhibition in Howie .& Teely's
window there.

The Dominion Iron & Steel Co. will have built
for next season two 10, 000-ton steamers for
carrying ore from their iron deposits at Wabana,
Nffd.. to Sydney.

The Gurney Foundry Co. has been granted a
permit to erect a three-storey warehouse to
cost $36,000 on Adelaide Street close to their
Toronto works.

The Canada Furnace and Iron Co. burned out
a week ago at Three Rivers, are anxious to lo-
cate at Farnham, Que. From 300 to 500 men
would be employed.

The warerooms of the R. Watt Machine- Works,
at Ridgetown, Ont., were destroyed by fire on
Dee. 10., at a loss. >f about $30,000. The jnachinc
shops were also damaged.

The Dominion Nail & Tack Co., Gait, have
moved into their new factory. Wire nails and
drawn market wire will likely be made by the
company in the near future.

Mr. Moorehead. U.S. Consul at St. John, is
making inquiries at that city lor a Wisconsin
saw-making concern, which proposes locating a
branch factory in Canada.

The Goold. Shapilcy & Muir Co., Brantford, has
decided to erect a large new machine shop on
Wellington Street, will enlarge the capacity of
the plant for traction engines.

The Union Iron Works Co. is a new concern
which proposes to locate at Parry Sound. John
Youngson of the Huntsville Engine Works Co.,
is interested in the uew concern.

The Doty Engine Works. Goderich. started its
private electric light plant for the first time re-
cently. There are at present about seventy-live
incandescent lamps on the system.

McFarlane & Douglas have purchased the pro-
perty in the rear of their present sheet metal
factory, at Ottawa, and plans arc in preparation
for an extension to the building.

Hudson, Howell, Ormond & Marlett. of. Winni-
peg, have applied to Regina :or a building site
on behalf of a client who proposes to erect a
large foundry to employ 700 men.

The Canadian Iron Corporation and Mackenzie
& Mann intend spending during the coming year
$120,000 on the Big Pier at Port Wade, N.S.. 1or
the loading and export of iron ore.

The Ontario Brass Rolling Mills, New Toronto,
are again in operation, the plant having been
thoroughly overhauled by the new proprietors.
Brass rods and sheets will be produced.

The Vulcan Iron Works. Vancouver, have let
the contract for the erection of their new plant
on the city water lots to W. R. Gilley. It is the
intention of the firm to increase their staff.

A by-law to partially exemp from taxation
the property of the Burrell Rock Drill Co.,
manufacturers of rock drills and other mining
machinery, will be voted on by Thurlow, Ont.,
ratepayers on Jan. 4.

The railway Board has dismissed the applica-
tion of the Grand Trunk Railway for an order,
authorizing a connection between the tracks of
the G.T.P. and of the Canada Iron & Foundry
Co., at Fort William.

T. McAvity & Sons, who have been in the
foundry business in St. John, N.B., for a century,
associated with the McLean, Holt Co., manufac-
turers, of the same city, intend to establish a
foundry in Fort William.

The sheet steel works at Morrisburg have re-
sumed operations, having been partially shut
down owing to making repairs at the power
house. Two new rolls have been installed as
well as two new furnaces.

D. D. Mann states that the C.N.R. will erect
repair shops and a roundhouse in Toronto next
summer Should they be given the right of en-
try, Ashbridge's marsh will probably be the site
on which they will be built.

The Widespread Implement Co., Buffalo, has
been negotiating with the municipality of Port
Dover, regarding the establishment of extensive
works there, consisting of a planing * mill,
foundry and machine shop.

A report is current that debentures are being
floated to the extent of $2,000,000 in England for

55

extensive shipbuilding yards and a floating dock
at Esquimau. The B. C. Marine Railway Cd. is
said to be interested hi the venture.

A communication received from Mr. Tennant,
financial man for the syndicate which proposes to
establish large wire nail and rolling mill plants
at Fort William, indicates that the plants are to
be established in *he immediate future.

McDonald Bros.. 0/ Grand Forks, the successful
tenderers for supplying the steel piping to be
used in conveying the water from Coquitlam
Lake to New Westminster, have commenced work
on their new factory at the latter place.

J. H. Glover, manager of the Aylmer Pump
& Scale Co.. was In Toronto recently purchas-
ing a lot of now machinery for the manufac-
ture of scales, which will be placed in the old
pork factory building recently purchased.

The Thomas Davidson Co., Montr*;-.!, ) r."e
purchased a block of property adjacent to the
works and will extend their plant. The land is
at present occupied by dwelling houses, and the
price paid was in the neighborhood of $15,000.

The Ontario Iron & Steel Co., Welland. have
let a contract to the Hamilton Bridge Co.. to
baild an extension 170 by 50 feet ; also a wing
which must be completed by Feb. 1. The com-
pany wi|l increase its present pay roll 25 per
cent.

Barnett & McQueen will build a large machine
shop and warehouse next spring at Fort William.
The machine shop will be of reinforced concrete.
50 feet by 135 feet, and two storeys in height.
Work on a temporary structure will be started
at once.

The Canadian Northern is said to be behind
the large purchase of property on the south bank
of the Fraser. and a semi-official intimation has
been made that immense car shops will be es-
tablished on the 200 acres held by a subsidiary
company.

T. F. Black, Winnipeg, is in Vancouver look-
ing for a site for a wire factory. He may find
a location on the Fraser river. Should the pro-
position go through, it will be financed by a
company composed principally of British Colum-
bia men.

George A. Clare, M.P., head of the firm of
Clare Bros., stove manufacturers, Preston, Ont..
was In Winnipeg lately, and acting in conjunc-
tion with his local agents, Clare & Brockest,
they secured a site for n large warehouse to be
erected shortly.

Four firemen were injured at a fire which
broke out at the works of the Canadian Iron
& Foundry Co., on Dec. 23. The building was
badly damaged, and the loss will be about $40,-
000 to the Canadian Iron & Foundry Co.. which
is covered by insurance.

The Berry, Transformer Co.. of Helspy. Eng-
land, one of the largest concerns of the kind
in England, is lookingf or a location in Can-
ada, perhaps Id London. Thjs firm will employ
500 men. Sherbrooke. Toronto. Hamilton, Gait
and other cities are after this concern.

At a recent meeting of the Medicine Hat Water
Commissioners it was decided .to equip a machine
shop at the power house with a lathe, drill, 7
h.p. gas engine and small tools. It was further
decided to accept the offer of the A. R. Wil-
liams Machinery Co., Winnipeg, for above.

At a cost of $1,000,000, the Montreal Street
Ry. Co. is about to commence the erection of

CANADIAN MACHINERY

a plant, consisting of car-building shops, ma-
chine shops, electrical and winding shops, black-
smith and paint shops, and a large building
for the stores and material of the company.

The Jordan-Wells Railway Supply Co. propos-
es to establish a plant either in North Van-
couver or New Westminster, with an expenditure
of 150.000, the plant to employ 30 skilled men.
Sites are now being looked over. A proposition
has been made to the North Vancouver council.

The Morrisburg Tack & Mfg. Co. is now a
fully organized concern, with Wm. Eager, pres-
ident ; Irwin Hilliard. secretary, George N.
Hickey, treasurer, and C. B. Russell, manager.
These officers wero chosen at a rr.e'jtlng held
last month. The company is capitalized tt $40,-
000.

The Hayes Mfg. Co., of Erie, Pa., has secur-
ed an option on a large piece of land at
Montreal on which they will construct a Can-
adian branch for the manufacture of waterworks
supplies, thus escaping the 3b per cent. duty. A
S50.000 plant is to be erected on this land next
year.

The Western Drydock & Shipbuilding Co. have
filed plans and specifications of the proposed
buildings to be erected on their site at Bare
Point. Port Arthur. The buildings include a
warehouse, blacksmith shop, foundry, pattern,
shop and storage, office, power house, machino
shop, boiler shop and joiner shop.

The Cockshutt Plow Co. is commencing exten-
sions on their plant at Brantford, which, it is
said, may result in an outlay of $100,000, next
spring. It is also stated Frost & Wood concern
may go to Brantford, owing to recent selling ar-
rangements entered into with the firm by the
CockBhutt Co., which may result in a merger.

The Bedford Stove Co. are making extensive
improvements to their buildings and manufactur-
ing works at Bedford, Que. They have moved
their offices and store rooms into their recently
acquired property across the street, which have
been fitted up for the purpose, and are re-
modelling the former offices into a tinshop and
show rooms.

It was rumored at Iiondon that the Canadian
British Insulating Co.. of Montreal, (would estab-
lish' a plant there. The company asks for free site.
free taxes and free water, for a period of 15
years. In return, they would employ 500 men
and use 500 horsepower. They have a capital-
ization of $5,000,000. and are looking for a suit-
able site in Ontario.

R. E. Cushman, representing the Canadian
Lead Mining and Smelting Co.. has asked the
Kingston city couucil for the lowest cash price
the city will make for a smelter site. If the
price is satisfactory: and exemption from taxes
for ten years is given, the company will gvar-
antee to erect on the site, a smelter, iin<» have
it in operation in eighteen i.'onths utvv the
property is purchased.

The construction work of the new steel-casting
plant at the Londonderry, N.S.. Iron Works is
Hearing completion. The open-hearth furnace is
practically completed, also the coke ovens. Af-
ter the instalation of a sand-mixer, a traveling
crane, a metal saw, and some other machinery,
the work of casting will commence. The plant
will use oil in place t5 coal for fuel.

W. E. Redway. Toronto, submitted a propo-
sition looking to the establishment of a ship-
building industry at Belleville. He wants a free
site, $10,000 worth of dredging done by the city,
a loan of $25,000 without interest, to be repaid
at the rate of $1,000 a year, and exemption from
taxes other than school taxes. In return he pro-
poses to build a plant valued at $30,000.

The Canadian Bond Hanger & Coupling Co., a
Canadian branch of the Bond Co.. operating in
Manhefm, Pa., and capitalized at $75,000. will
start operations in February at Alexandria. The
directors are : President, Charles Bond, Phila-

delphia ; vice-president, John Mcintosh. Alexaij-
dria : directors. Hugh Munro, Alexandria : Mar-
tin O. Hess, and M. T. Williams, of Manheim.
Pa.

Dr. Becktel, of Cleveland, representing manu-
facturers in the wire business in that city, says
the Standard Chain Works, of Sarnia, the Can-
adian branch of the American Standard Chain
Co., is to be bought by the company which he
represents. Tho present building is to 1,0 imme-
diately enlarged, and a staff of *orty or fifty
first-class chainmakers will be employed from
the outset.

The Waterous Engine Works Co., Brantford..
has purchased the Seagrave Fire Apparatus
Works at Walkerville. and will remove them to
Brantford. where they will be merged with the
Waterous works, which will be extended. The
conipany has already secured additional space,
including the plant of the Waterous Wire Nail
Works which will locate elsewhere. About fifty
additional hands will be employed.

At the annual meeting nf t'e Siiljktr Car
Co., held at Halifax recently ihe fminelal state-
ment showed a net profit of St, GOO on tVe year's
operations, which!, with a balance of $14,000
from last year, made approximately $18,0CO of
net profits carried forward. The report of the
directors recommended the increasing of the
capital stock from $500,000 to $750,000. This it
proposed to do by authorizing the issue of
$250,000 in 5 per cent, cumulative preferred stock.
Of this amount it is proposed at this time to
Issue $125,000.

Arrangements have just been completed at
London. Eng., for the erection of a dry dock
at Levis. The interests involved are the Can-
adian Pacific, the Allans. Harland and Wolff.
Sir Charles MacLaren. representing the John
Burn Co., of Sheffield ; Mr. Davie, of Levis,
who conducted the present salvage and dry
dock business there, and the McArthur Perks Co..
of Canada. The same interests have made a
definite proposal to the Canadian government
which they expect will be accepted for a dry
dock at St. John.

The Canadian branch of the Crocker-Wheeler
Mfg. Co.. of Ampere. N.J., will be located at
St. Catharines. The firm has one contract on
hand now for the City of Winnipeg in connec-
tion with the big power works. This contract
alone amounts to $250,000. The machinery will
be made in St. Catharines, and It will be ne-
cessary to greatly enlarge the factory building
the company have purchased from the city.
While they agree to start with a hundred first-
class mechanics, the company say that within
a few years they will be employing perhaps a
thousand.

The Newfoundland Smelting Co.. with a capi-
tal of $100,000, has Just been registered at St.
John's. The intention of the company is to
erect a smelter at York Harbor, Bay of Islands,
with a capacity of about one hundred tons a
day. The company wil(l get their supply of ore
from the York Harbor property, having already
one year's supply ahead of them. They also
hope to get a quantity of ore from outside
concerns, and anticipate that with it will give
a boom tqj the copper mining industries in
Vewfoundland. The company will export the
copper to Swansea and New York.

At a meeting of the directors of the Nova
Scotia Steel & Coal Co. held in Montreal, re-
cently, it was decided that as the profit and
loss account on Dec. 31, 1908. showed a .bal-
ance of $1,219,221 of accumulated profits, a
stock bonus or dividend of 20 p.c. to common
shareholders be recommended. Each shareholder
will receive one share of common stock for
every five shares now held by him. It was also
resolved to pay a cash dividend of 1 per cent.
on the common stock of the company. It was
stated that business for 1909 has been fairly-
good, and notwithstanding the depression which

has existed, the profits wiH exceed those of last
year by at least $100,000.

Work is rapidly progressing on the hew sewer-
pipe plant of the Alberta Clay Products Co.,
Medicine Hat, Canada. All concrete work in con-
nection with the dry-press, brick-machinery room
is completed and the machinery for making brick
has been set. The plant will be placed in oper-
ation as soon as possible so that the remainder
of the brick construction work can be done with
brick made on the job. As planned, the build-
ings to be constructed will be as follows : boiler
room, 48 x 48 ft. ; engine room, 30 n 48 ft. ; clay
storage house. 140 x 45 ft. ; machine room, 50 x
60 ft., and dry-press room 40 x 40 ft. The main
building will bo four stories high and will mea-
sure 80 x 256 ft. in dimensions. The power plant
will develop 450 h.p. The drier will use the
steam exhaust from the engines during the day
and labor steam at night.

Chatham's, Ont., new stove company was
formally organized last month. The concern will
be known as the Modern Malleable Range Co.,
and is capitalized at $40,000. The officers are :
President, W. R. Landon. Chatham ; vice-pres-
ident and general manager. Fred Reissner, Lea-
mington ; secretary-treasurer, R. Ross. Leaming-
ton : factory the Reissner Bros.' stove works at
Leamington ; directors. Robert Gray, Manson,
Campbell and John G. Kerr, Chatham. The
company takes over the business of the Reissner
Bros., stove works at Leamington, having
bought that concern's machinery, and will
manufacture the "Modern" steel ran^c hitherto
manufactured by the Reissner concern. The fac-
tory will be situated on St. George Street, im-
mediately opposite the Gananoque Spring &
Axle Co.'s plant. The management will remain
largely in the hands of Louis aud Fred Reissner.
They hope to be turning out stoves from the
Chatham factory in the course of a couple of
months.

Structural Steel.

Three bridges are to be built at Melfort,
Saek., by the Government.

Plans have been outlined for a bridge
across the Elbow River at Calgary.

The Hull council awarded the contracts for
the bridge over Brewery Creek to the Trust
Concrete & Steel Co. at $1,115.

Saskatoon citizens have voted to issue $18.-
009 of bonds for the erection of a footbridge
on Twentieth Street.

The B.C. Provincial Government is abont to
construct a suspension bridge at Chilliwack
to replace the one washed away.

The contract for the ornamental iron work
on the Chateau Laurier, Ottawa, has been
awarded to the Canada Foundry Co.

Sherbrooke ratepayers are petitioning the
city council for a new bridge across the St.
Francis River to replace the old Aylmer
bridge.

The contract for the structural steel in con-
nection with the addition to the Montreal
Arena skating rink has been awarded to the
Dominion Bridge Co.

The Canadian Bridge Co., Walkerville, has
been awarded the contract for the super-
structure of the Cambie Street bridge at
Vancouver at 8439,210.

H. C. Stone, Montreal, has awarded the con-
tract for the steel work on the extension of
the Beardmore building to the Dominion
Bridge Co., of Lachine.

The contract for the extension to stores at
1133 St. Catherine street west, for the David
Ouimet Estate, have been awarded. The steel
work goes to the Phoenix Bridge Co.

The Montreal City Council will ask the
C.P.R. Co. to construct a bridge from La-
croix to Montcalm streets, in order to main-
tain the traffic on Notre Dame street.

Work has begun on the pile driving in pre-
paration for an iron bridge to be placed
over the Dudgeon Creek, on the Salisbury
and Alfcert Railway at Hopewell Hill, N.B.
The bridge is to be a 50-foot span.

56

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The tender from the Jenks-Dreaser Co., of
Sarnia. for $1,000, for the supply, erection
and completion of steel floor beams and
posts for the new engine room at the main
pumping station at Toronto was accepted.

It is understood that the O.P.E. has made
Guelph a most important proposition to pro-
tect the Eramosa road and Heffernan street
crossings by the erection of overhead bridges
if the city will undertake the responsibility
of protecting Allan's crossing.

The Ontario Railway and Municipal Board
ordered the City of Guelph and the Guelph
Radial Railway Co. to forthwith construct a
new four-span steel bridge over the Speed
River on the Dundas road, in accordance
with the report of P. L. Somerville, C.E.

P. H. Barnes, C.E., has made an examina-
tion of the proposed bridge sites at Victoria
for the Trinity Valley road, finding the sug
gested locations suitable and estimating the
cost of the bridge at §5.000. It is believed
that the bridge will be built by the Govern-
ment this season.

The Western Iron Works Co. are complet-
ing the ornamental work on the new Canada
Permanent building at Winnipeg, and have
commenced the erection of elaborate orna-
mental work on the new McArthur building.
They are also filling many important con-
tracts in Calgary and Edmonton.

Tenders for the substructure of the new
Quebec bridge, of which the estimated cost is
to be $10,000,000, and which is to be completed
in four years, were delivered to the Depart-
ment of Railways and Canals in Ottawa,
November 30. The weight of the superstruc-
ture to be carried will be 130,000,000 lbs.,
whereas the weight of the superstructure of
the bridge that collapsed was to be but 70,-
000,000 lbs. The cost of the steel in the new
bridge is to be about $7,500,000. Nickel-steel
is to be largely used. It is expected that
tenders for the steel work will be called for
about May 1.

Planing Mill News.

The Bruce Mines Sawmills Co. have just
completed a new plant.

Russell & Son are erecting a heavy port-
able sawmill at Thornloe, Ont.

Hewson-Campbell & Dail have started a
shingle mill at Aldergrove, B.C.

A permit has been granted Elliott 4 Son,
for a furniture factory at Toronto.

Keenan Brothers, Owen Sound, are build-
ing a sawmill at Miller Lake, Ont.

The Golden Lake Lumber Co., Eganville,
Ont.. are making additions to their mill.

A new planing mill and sash and door fac-
tory is to be erected shortly at Vancouver.

A. and F. Fraser are about to construct a
sawmill at the head of Hazley's Bay, near
Pembroke.

An up-to-date shingle mill is being added
t > the Harriston Lake, B.C., plant of the Rat
1'ortage Lumber Co.

The Globe Furniture Co., of Walkerville,
Ont.. have sold their plant and are planning
to continue elsewhere.

The Brooks-Scanlon Lumber Co. are plan-
ning to erect a large sawmill on the Fraser
Kivir at New Westminster.

The Saginaw Salt & Lumber Co. are to
expend about $15,000 in improvements on
their sawmill at Thessalon.

Hugh Baird & Son, Markdale, Ont., intend
to erect a sawmill at Thornbury, with a
capacity of 50,000 feet daily.

U.S. capitalists have about completed ar-
rangements for the erection of a large basket
and box works at New Westminster, B.C.

Donald Fra3er & Sons will erect another
mill at Fredericton, to take the place of tbe
Aberdeen mill which was destroyed some
years ago by fire.

The Canadian Pacific Lumber Co.'s saw and
shingle mill at Port Moody, B.C., which has
been closed down for some months, will re-
mine cutting early in January.

The Hunting Lumber Co. whose sawmill
was recently destroyed by fire, will build a
new mill on a site recently secured on Bur
rard Inlet, between Barnet and Port Moody,

lie.

Mount Forest ratepayers will, on January
3, vote on a by-law to aid the enlargement
of Leslie Brothers' planing mill and factory,
in that town, by granting them free water
for the use of the factory, and a limited
assessment and taxes.

Negotiations have been in progress for
some time with Senator Thompson for secur-
ing the Estey mill site near Fredericton,
for the erection of the new mill which a
company that is being organized intend to
erect there next spring.

The Royal City Shingle Mills, New West-
ii iuster, B.C., have been temporarily closed
down while the machinery is receiving its
annual overhauling. Now boilers and smoke-
stacks are being installed.

The dry kiln and heading mill at the Wal-
laceburg Cooperage Co.'s plant, Wallaceburg,
Ont., have been destroyed by fire. The ad-
joining mills were saved through the efforts
of the fire department. The heading mill is
a complete loss, but will be rebuilt.

Irwin & Sons, of Homings Mills, have pur-
chased the building formerly occupied by S.
Hill as a sash and door factory at Markdale.
and will fit up the building with modern
machinery for the manufacture of skewers,
fork handles, etc. They will employ 20
hands or upwards.

The Canada Woodenware Co., whose plant
at Ossekeag, N.B., was burned in June, 1907,
is being reorganized, and sufficient capital is
being secured to build an up-to-date plant
at South Bay. N.B. George C. Weldon, presi-
dent of the S. Hayward Co., is president of
the company, and William Brown, of Hamp-
ton, will be in charge oi the business.

Statistics of the lumber industry in British
Columbia show that the total number of
sawmills is 204; capacity, approximate aver-
age, 8,080,000 feet a day; shingle mills, 45,
with a capacity of 2,250,000 yearly, logging
comps, 265; donkey engines and logging
locomotives, 267; horses employed, 1,500;
men employed, 17,000; number of mills
closed, 17.

John Bell, of A. G. Lambert & Co., Nelson,
B.C., and Thomas B. White, of Johnson.
White & Co., manufacturers of hardwood
lumber, staves and hoops, . Kolapore, Ont.,
have acauired from the Boundary Develop-
ment & Exploration Co., of Greenwood, B.C.,
a ten-acre mill site near Midway, in the
Boundary district, and will erect a good-
sized sawmill before spring.

The North Pacific Lumber Co., of Barnet,
B.C., who were burned out recently, are re-
building their plant and are expected to use
electric drive. They have placed their order
with the Vancouver office of the Allis-Ohal-
mers-Bullock, Limited, for one 600 k.w., 3-
pl.ase, 60-cycle, 2,200-volt standard engine
type alternating current generator, one en-
gine type direct current exciter generator,
and a three-panel switchboard for the con-
trol of generator, esciter and power circuits.

Upon the re-opening of traffic in the North
Arm, which is now blocked by the construc-
tion of the new bridge, the Westminster
shingle mill on Lulu Island, B.C., will com-
mence operations. The mill will have a
daily capacity of 150.000 shingles. Six shingle
machines are included in the plant. It is
the intention of the company to erect a
large lumber mill shortly, to which the
shingle mill will be an auxiliary. Construc-
tion will probably be started in the spring.

The B.C. Gazette gives notice of the in-
corporation of the following companies :
Christie .& Co., capital $40,000, incorporated
to construct, build and operate sawmills,
shingle mills, sash, door and box factories
and operate the same; J. A. Dewar Co.,
capital $250,000, incorporated to carry on the
business of timber merchants, sawmill pro- .
prietors. shingle mill proprietors, lumber-
men, manufacturers of woodenware in all or
any of its branches, pulp or paper manufac-
turers, etc.; Sechelt Logging Co., capital
$5,000.

Another large deal in Newfoundland lum-
ber has been closed by American capitalists,
Canadians are also interested. The National
Vt lcanization Corporation, of the United
Stutcs. and the Lumber Securities Corpora-
tion, are associated with the purchasing In-
terests, and pulp and saw mills and vulcan-

57 . . .

izing plants will be put into operation as
soon as possible. Some of the principals of
these companies were in Toronto recently to
consider the establishing of Canadian plants
controlled by a Canadian company, which is
now in process of formation. The Newfound-
land operations would have in view only the
market of the Atlantic seaboard. Other
plantB may be erected in Ontario and British
Columbia. The Newfoundland undertaking is
capitalized at $5,000,900, and the Canadian
company, with head offices in Toronto, at
$1,000,000.

General Manufacturing News. . .

The Manitoba Pump & Windmill Co., Bran-
don, is extending its premises.

The J. B. Snowball Co. will erect a grist
mill at Chatham, Ont., next fall.

The construction of the Wetland glass
works will be commenced next spring.

The Tudhope Carriage Co.'s works at
Orillia started operations last month.

The San Francisco Stone Co., is considering
a proposition of starting a plant at Calgary.

The manufacturers of the Chamberlain
weather strip propose locating a branch fac-
tory at St. John.

J. Scott, of Port Huron, Mich., proposes
establishing a refrigerator manufacturing
plant at Camrose, Alta.

Joseph Little, of Blairmore, B.C., contem-
plates establishing one of the largest lime
burning industries in Canada, at Frank,
Alta.

The pulp works at Swanson Bay (Prince
Rupert) of the Canadian Pacific Sulphite
Pulp Co., are now working to their fullest
capacity.

A Vancouver syndicate, Auld, Gwynn &
McLarty, representing the Northern Oil Co..
are looking for a site for an oil refinery near
Esquimalt.

Aid. Martin, Cobalt, will erect a $50,000
hotel before next spring, the building to be
six storeys in height, of fireproof construc-
tion throughout.

Prescott ratepayers will on January 3 vote
on the question of granting aid to the
Ogdensburg Soda Pulp Co. to establish a
branch factory there.

The Collins Mfg. Co., Toronto, have moved
into their new factory on Symington Avenue,
adjoining the C.P.R. tracks, in the north-
western part of the city.

Mr. Sterett; of the Independent Asphalt
Co., Seattle, is looking into the possibilities
for locating a branch plant at Vancouver,
to cost in the neighborhood of $40,000.

M. Townsley & Son, Minneapolis, manufac-
turers of cable lightning arrestors, are look-
ing over the ground at Brandon with a view
to finding a location for a branch.

The Winnipeg Oil Co. have made applica-
tion for a site at Moose Jaw, where they will
erect a plant, with storage, cooperage, bar-
reling and also a tank, capacity, 12,000
gallons.

The new plant of the Sydney Slag Brick
Co., at Sydney. C.B.. which has been under
construction the past several months, is now
completed and the manufacture of brick has
been commenced.

The Brandon Shoe Co., whose factory was
destroyed at Aylmer by a boiler explosion,
will go to Brantford, backed by local capi-
tal. A site has been secured and a new
factory will be "erected as soon as possible.

The D'Israeli Asbestos Co., Que., have placed
a contract for locomotives and cars in New
York, necessary for their railroad. The equip,
ment is expected in February, when every-
thing will be ready for starting operations.

The People's Ice Co., financed by well-
known business men of Toronto, with the
assistance of practical 'ice manufacturers,
have decided to erect a plant at that place
to produce "Absopure" ice, under rigid sani-
tary conditions.

A creosoting plant will be erected on Bur-
rard Inlet. B.C., at a cost of several hundred
thousand dollars. In association with several
Vancouver capitalists, H. R. Rood, head of

CANADIAN MACHINERY

the Pacific Creosoting Co., of Seattle, will be
in charge of the undertaking.

Among the British concerns which intend
to locate branches in Canada are Doulton &
Co.. makers of the famous Doulton ware;
Haw A Co., one of the largest makers of
fancy tiles, and Hope 4 Co., of Birmingham,
manufacturers of locks and ornamental iron
work.

The new fuel testing plant of the Depart,
ment of Mines at Ottawa has been completed,
and it only remains to instal the machinery.
The first use which will be made of the build-
ing will be to demonstrate that peat is an
ideal fuel for the production of power gas.
Already 70 tons of peat have been delivered
at the building.

Two new industries will commence opera-
tions in Berlin during the next few weeks.
The Berlin Fuel Savers Co. have leased part
of the old market building and will make
the new fuel saver and heat generator, which
has been patented; and Wm. J. and Fred.
Witte have returned from Newark, N.J., and
have leased a flat, where they will manufac-
ture high-grade buttons.

The West Canadian Co., which operates coal
mines at Lille and Bellevue, and is opening
a new mine at Blairmore, has under way
the construction of an entire new operating
plant at its Bellevue collieries, which, when
completed, will constitute probably the finest
mining equipment yet installed in The Pass.
The plant will include the most modern ap-
pliances for the expeditious and economical
handling of coal, and when ready for opera-
tions will enable the company to put on
the cars 2,000 tons of coal on an eight-hour
shift. The improvements complete will en-
tail an expenditure of approximately
$250,000.

Port Arthur's industrial committee has
closed an agreement with the Canadian Linen
A Paper Co., represented by E. P. Bender,
Winnipeg; Dr. Phar, Winnipeg; H. F. Forest,
Winnipeg, and Prof. Meygret, France, to
locate a manufactory there for the making
of linen and paper from flax. The company
gets 50 acres site free, but no bonus, except
tax elimination. It will start May 1, 1910,
on the erection of a $50,000 plant, and will
spend $250,000 in five years and employ at
least 150 men. The company will use an en-
tirely new and secret process, making linen
at a greatly reduced cost. One of the prin-
cipal reasons in coming here is to get water
and air free from alkali.

Trade Notes.

The Canadian Inspection Co., have removed
their Toronto offices from 37 Melinda St., to
Stair Bldg., cor. of Adelaide and Bay Streets.

Smith. Kerry & Chace, consulting engineers,
Toronto, have opened up an office in the Winch
Bldg., Vancouver, which will be the head office
for Western Canada.

J. L. Goodhue ft Co., Danville, P.O.., makers
o.f the brands "Extra," "Standard" and "Acme
Waterproof" of leather belting, have been in-
corporated under the name J. L. Goodhue &
Co.. Limited, with capital of $190,000. There
will be no change in the management.

G% E. Mason, representing the Lancashire
Dynamo ft Motor Co., has opened up offices at
152-4 Bay St., Toronto and will manage tho
Canadian business of this company. They spe-
cialize in motors and dynamos ; motors being
constructed for machine tools, foundries, etc.

The Soledad Mining ft Milling Co., Mexico,
have Installed complete mills for amalgamation
and cyanidation. the machinery consisting of
four Nissen Stamps, machinery complete tor re-
grinding, steam power plant, electrical equip-
ment, the complete order being placed with
Fairbanks-Morse ft Co.

The Standard Engineering Co.. 47 Wellington
St.. Toronto, have installed in tho works of the
Montreal Mills Co.. 1— No. 6. type R stoker
horseshoe furnace ; 1— No. 6. type R stoker bolt
furnace ; 1 — No. 6. type R stoker nut furnace,
making the fifth order from this work. In ad-

dition the Standard Engineering Co. have made
a number of large instalations of stoker fired
steel heating furnaces in the United States.

The Mumford Molding Mch. Co.. has been or-
ganized and will sell the foundry molding ma-
chines heretofore sold by the E. H. Mumford
Co.. Philadelphia. The machines will be manu-
factured by the Q.M.S. Co.. at Plainfield, N.J..
and the Mumford Molding Mch. Co., will have
its sales office at 30 Church St., N.Y. W. D.
Sargent is president, and E. H. Mumford, is
vice-president and general manager of the new
company.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co.. announce that
Ihey have been appointed the exclusive sales
agents for Canada for Dicks' Balata Belting
and have purchased the business of J. S.
Young. All orders in the future should be sent
direct to their nearest branch house. Large
stocks are carried at the present time at Mont-
treal and Vancouver, and stocks are on the
way to the branches at St. John, N.B.. To-
ronto and Winnipeg.

New Companies.

Jones Hardware Co., Uxbridge ; share capital
511.000.

Cassiar Coal Co.. Toronto : capital. $2,000,-
C00 ; to develop coal and mineral properties.
Incorporators, A. Dods, R. McKay and G.
Grant, Toronto.

Colonial Transportation Co., Ltd., Toronto ;
share capital, $100,000 ; provisional directors, A.
M. Boyd. M. P. Arnold. M. McPhee, R. B. Hen-
derson, and W. W. Sloan.

Canada Pipe and Steel Co., Toronto ; share
capital, $100,000 ; provisional directors, J. L.
Ross, A. W. Holmsted, O. R. Bickerstaff, W. L.
Carr, and E. M. Carruthers.

The Universal Electric Economy Co., Mont-
real : capital, $20,000 ; to manufacture electrical
appliances. Incorporators, E. F. Surveyer, G.
V. Cousins and C. A. Hale, Montreal.

The Thetford Asbestos Syndicate, Montreal ;
capital, $100,000 ; to develop asbestos properties
Irj Quebec province. Incorporators, G. V. Cou-
sins, C. A. Hale and P. F. Brown. Montreal.

The F. and L. Co.. Toronto, capital. $75,000 ;
to manufacture and deal in products of iron
and wood. Incorpotators, Jas. Fowler, Toronto,
and Jas. Wilson and W. B. Campbell, Detroit.

The Electro-Steel Co., of Canada, Toronto ;
capital, $100,000 ; to treat, smelt and refine
mineral ores by electric process. Incorporators.
J. S. Lovell. W. Bain and R. Gowans, Toronto.

The Stratford Carriage ft Motor Co.. Strat-
ford : capital, $100,000 ; to manufacture car-
riages and automobiles. Incorporators, M. L.
Evely, F. J. Walker, and Alex. Faill. Strat-
ford.

Morrisburg Tack Mfg. Co., Morrisburg ; capital
$40,000, to manufacture and deal in tacks,
brads and small nails. Incorporators. Wm.
Eager. G. N. Hickey and Andrew Broder, Mor-
risburg.

The Automatic Gas Co.. Montreal ; capital.
$100,000 ; to manufacture and deal in gas en-
gines, etc. Incorporators. W. Farwell, Sher-
brooke ; and F. Paul and W. G. McConnell.
Montreal.

The Shawinigan Cotton Co., Montreal ; capi-
tal. $1,000,000 ; to construct and operate cotton
and woollen factories. Incorporators, A. C.
Calder, T. E. Gadbois, and Oscar Gagnon. all
of Montreal.

Canadian Bond Hanger and Coupling Co., Ot-
tawa : capital, $4n,0O0 ; to carry on business of
founders, machinists, millwrights, etc. Incor-
porators, W. C. Perkins, M. C. Edey, and A.
W. Fraser. Ottawa.

Calgary Power Co.. Montreal : capital, $3.-
000.000 ; to build and operate an electric light.
heat and power company throughout Canada.

Incorporators. E. F. Surveyer, G. V. Cousins
and C. A. Hale, Montreal.

Lcthbridge Collieries. Ltd., Montreal ; capital.
$3,000,000 : to take over the Lethbridge Collieries
Co., and operate coal, oil and mineral proper-
ties. Incorporators, E. F. Surveyer, G. V.
Cousins and C. A. Hale, Montreal.

The British Columbia Gazette contains notice
of the incorporation of W. J. Pendray Co.,
with a capital of $500,000 to take over the busi-
ness carried on by W. J. Pendray under the
trade name of the B.C. Soap Works and the
British American Paint Co.

McKinnon, Holmes & Co.

McKinnon, Holmes & Co. have formed a
limited company under the above title with
J. W. Bowman, President; G. D. McKinnon,
E.A.Sc, Vice-President and General Man-
ager; and A. R. Holmes, O.E., Secretary and
Treasurer. Their offices and works are
located at Sherbrooke, their specialty being
steel plate and structural work, including
construction of bridges, water tanks, water
wheels, boilers, elevators, etc. Steel shapes
will be carried in stock for immediate ship-
ment.

An Industrious City.

"Turn Wellandward," is one of the neatest
recent booklets issued by any industrial
centre. In Welland, at least a dozen branches
of United States industries have been estab-
lished during the three past years. Its
population has increased over 300 per cent.
in the past five years. Among the industries
illustrated are M. Beatty & Sons, Ontario
Iron & Steel Co.; Robertson Machinery Co.;
Canada Forge (Jo.; Canadian Billings &
Spencer; Plymouth Cordage Co.; Supreme
Heating Co., etc. Welland is in the electric
zone and is one of Canada's growing cities.
The interesting booklet, full of information,
is issued by J. D. Payne, Secretary Board of
Trade, and B. J. McCormick, Industrial Com-
missioner, Welland.

New Wire and Nail Plant.

Negotiations are in progress for the erec-
tion of a wire and nail plant at Fort Wil-
liam. Prominent Montreal capitalists, in-
cluding H. S. Holt, president of the Montreal
Light, Heat & Power Co., and F. W. Thomp-
son, second vice-president and managing
director of the Ogilvie Milling Co.. are in-
terested. Interviewed on the project, Mr.
Holt said that they were progressing as
rapidly as possible, but it was impossible to
say how soon they would commence the erec-
tion of the plant. Mr. Holt further said.
"The advantages of a plant at Fort William
are threefold. There is cheap fuel, and cheap
raw material, for the Soo Corporation will
soon erect a steel rod mill at their plant,
which will give us raw material practically
at our doors. We will also have cheap water
power. No definite plans have yet been
drawn up, but we are progressing as fast as
possible with negotiations."

New Coke Ovens at Soo.

The Lake Superior Corporation has placed
a contract for the instalation of a system of
by-product coke ovens, at the Soo plant.
The apparatus will consist of a series of 110
ovens, arranged in two batteries, each of 55
ovens. The type of oven will be the same as
is being erected at Gary, Ind. The cost of
the plant will be about 81.500.000. The charge,
of coal for each oven will be about 13 tons,
making a total charge for the 110 ovens of
over 1,400 tons of coal. The yield of coke
per oven will be about 10% tons, or nearly
1,200 tons per day. For the generation of
industrial power nearly 10.000.000 cubic foot
of surplus gas will be available. Indicated
by heat units, the quality of this gas repre-
sents a heat value of about 200 tons of good
coking coal. The distinguishing feature of
this system is the extraction of ammonia
direct from the gas in the form of sulphate
of ammonia, without the employment of a

58

CANADIAN MACHINERY

water scrubbing process. An improvement
in the coke quenching arrangement will also
be instituted, so that instead of having a
coke bench the coke will be pushed into a
coke quenching car. It is expected that the
plant will be in operation by January, 1911.

Tallman Brass & Metal Co.

Tallman Brass & Metal Co., which occu-
pied quarters tn Wellington street north
for 13 years, have opened up their large new
factory and foundry on Wilson street, east
of Sanford avenue, Hamilton, and are quick-
ly getting down to hard work to execute the
many orders they have on hand for the
winter trade. Tallman Brass & Metal Co.
manufacture Arctic metal, and in their new
establishment have more than doubled
every branch of their business. The Arctic
metal department has been increased to four
times its previous capacity. The metals used
by this enterprising firm are imported direct,
and the company does a fine jobbing busi-
ness in tin, lead, copper and aluminum
ingots and antimony. Brass castings are a
specialty and the instalment of new and up-
to-date machinery and equipment enables the
company to turn out orders in quick time in
the best of style.

The very latest machinery, including an
ore crusher, which effects a great saving in
metal, has been installed, and the brass
furnaces are of the latest pattern. All gases
and fumes are carried putside of the building
by special blowers.

Type metals, all grades of solder and ingot
metals are manufactured in the new plant.
A fireproof pattern storage vault has been
built and the whole place is practically
fireproof and equipped with fire and burglar
alarms.

Another Canadian Industry.

The Northern Aluminum Co., which recently
established offices in the Traders Bank build-
ing. Toronto, and which has secured large
orders for aluminum wire for the Hydro-
Electric power system, intends to inaugurate
an active campaign to introduce their cook-
ing utensils to the retail hardware trade in
Canada. For the present the stock will be
imported but a site has, it is understood,
been selected for a Canadian factory at
either Niaeara Falls or Brockville, near their
existine plants at Niagara Falls and Mas-
sena. New York. The company already has
furnaces and a wire plant at Shawinigan
Falls, Quebec. The Northern Aluminum Co.
has already introduced its kitchenware in
Toronto, and other cities.

The Northern Aluminum Co. is a branch
of the Aluminum Company of America,
whose headouarters are at Pittsburg, and
which recently declared a stock dividend of
500 per cent, and gave notice that it would
increase its capital from $3,200,000 to $25,000.-
000. The company is now paying the equi-
valent of 24 per cent, per annum on its com-
mon stock, which sold some months ago as
high as $350 per share and in 1907 at $500
per share. The declaration of a stock divi-
dend has been expected lor the last three
years, but was delayed by the 1907 panic and
is part of the general plans of the company
to enlarge the scope of its operations. The
stock dividend entails the issuance of $16,000.-
000 additional stock, brineine the outstand-
ing common up to $19,200,000. In 1904 the
company had but $1,600,000 common out-
standing, but declared a 100 per cent, stock
dividend in that year.

The company, through one of its subsidi-
aries, recently applied to the Canadian Gov-
ernment for the privilege of damming the
St Lawrence River below Brockville, so as
to create 80,000 horse-power to be used at
Massena, where the company has a $5,000,000
investment.

In spite of the expiration in February last
of the patents under which aluminum has
been made in the United States, the Alum-
inum Company has not as yet met with any
new competition.

The present capacity of the Aluminum
Ccmnany is understood to be about 20,000,-
000 lbs. per annum, which is nearly 40 per

cent, of the world's total production of
aluminum. Last year, however, the company
did not output more than 8,000,000 lbs. and
at the present time is not operating 'more
than half its capacity. Through reductions
in price the company expects to popularize
the use of aluminum and greatly increase its
output.

CATALOGUES.

DROP FORGE OPEN TURNBUCKLES-Price
list with sizes ol turnbuckles from Canadian
Billings & Spencer, Welland.

UNDERWRITER STEAM PUMPS-Bulletin 35
from Canada Foundry Co.. Toronto, describes
the Underwriter Steam Pumps from 500 to 1.500
gal. per min. capacity.

BRIDGES & STRUCTURAL STEEL-Circular
from the Hamilton Bridge Works showing a
bird's-eys-view of their works, including the new
buildings recently constructed.

HYATT STANDARD BUSHINGS-Bulletin MOM
describing the high duty type of Hyatt stand-
ard bushings, has been issued by the Hyatt Rol-
ler Bearing Co.. Newark, N. J.

BEAM AND COLUMN DATA-This book of
data is sent with the compliments of Ernest
McCullough, C.E., chief engineer Northwestern
Expanded Metal Co.. 930 Old Colony Bldg.,
Chicago, 111.

PUNCHING AND SHEARING MACHINES-
Catalogue on bond paper, describes punches and
shearing machines, universal boilermakers- tools,
rolls, etc., manufactured by the Covington Ma-
chine Co., Covington-, Va.

HORIZONTAL MILLING MACHINES-A folder
from the Fosdick Machine Tool Co., Cincinnati.
Ohio, gives the features of No. and 2 Horizontal
Boring. Drilling and Milling Machines recently
described in Canadian Machinery.

FIRE CLAY. BRICKS— James Dougall & Sons.
Bonnyside Fire Clay Works. Bonnyside, Scot-
land, represented in Canada by S. Galbraith, 73
Dupont St., Toronto. The catalogue contains
134 illustrations of firebrick shapes, etc.

ELECTRIC FURNACES— A catalogue issned
by the American Electric Furnace Co., 45 Wall
St., New York, and Niagara Falls, Ont., de-
scribes and illustrates in large half tones the
Kjellin, Colby and Rochling-Rodenhauser sys-
tems.

RECORDING INSTRUMENTS— Bulletin 103 is-
sued by the Bristol Co.. Waterbury, Conn., deals
with recording instruments for blast furnace,
plants for steam and blast pressures. Record
charts are illustrated, besides a number of other
recording instruments.

PORTABLE TOOLS— S. Obermayer Co., 641
Evans St., Cincinnati, Ohio, have issued a
catalogue of their Peerless A.C. and D.C. elec-
tric tools. These include illustrated descrip-
tions of chipping hammers, hand drills, breast
drills, reamers, grinders, etc.

MOLDING MACHINES-Catalogue 23 from the
Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, 111., describes the
modern molding machine. The catalogue is an
interesting article on the molding machine il-
lustrated throughout with the Arcade machine.
The jolting machine is also described.

STANDARD GAUGES— Accuracy is the keynote
of the catalogue describing the "Johansson"
combination standard gauges manufactured by
Gronkvist Drill Chuck Co., 18 Morris St..
Jersey City, N.J. Different gauges are described.

and illustrated with their applications.
EMERY WHEELS— No. 20, from Prescott

Emery Wheel Co.. Prescott, Ont. The catalogue

deals with emery wheels, grinders and polishers

of all kinds and various attachments for grind.

ers. Prices are given for the different machines.

This is a good reforence catalogue which should

be kept on file.
STEEL DRILL RODS AND SPRING WIRES—

W. N. Bruntorj & Son, steel wire manufacturers,

59

Musselburgh. Scotland, have issued a catalogue
of cast steel drill rods and silver steel rods for
drills, taps. etc. Sizes, prices and directions for
hardening are given. Steel wire In any size Is
made by this company, the many shapes being
illustrated in their catalogue.

REFRIGERATION MACHINERY-Catalogue A
from the Vilter Mfg. Co.. Milwaukee, Wis., de-
scribes refrigeration and ice making machinery.
The catalogue is well illustrated showing the
progress of work through their shops and com-
pleted machinery for varioUB systems. Systems
are also given. Tho catalogue is full of inform-
ation in regard to ice machinery.

CHUCKS— The Skinner Chuck Co.. New Brit-
ain. Conn., 1909 Price List, 4 x 7i. 48 pages.
Lathe, drill and planer chucks, face plate Jaws,
reamer and assembling stands, and drill press
vises. Each different style of chuck is illustrat-
ed by half-tone cuts. The company also makes
special chucks for holding automobile gears and
parts, in addition to those shown in Mdt.

FUEL OIL AND GAS BURNING APPLIANCES
—The W. S. Rockwell Co., 50 Church Street.
New York City, is sending a pamphlet to the
foundry trade, which illustrates a few of the
latest types of Rockwell furnaces, fuel oil and
gas burning appliances. A number of views of
fuel oil and gas burners, as well as Rockwell
fuel oil pumping system are also included.

NEW TOOLS-The L. S. Starrett Co., Athol.
Mass.. have issued a booklet describing the new
tools for machinists and engineers recently plac-
ed on the market. These include protractors.
gauges, verniers, micrometer, calipers, dividers,
etc. Descriptions of a number of these appear-
ed in recent issues of Canadian Machinery.
Copies of this booklet will be sent on request.
MILLING MACHINES— Catalogue 17 from
Kearney & Trecker. Milwaukee, Wis., is a hand-
some volume, 80 pages. 6x9 Ins., printed on
bond paper. The catalogue is very complete,
showing the growth of the Kearney & Trecker
milling machine. Following this is a descrip-
tion in detail of their millers, each part being
illustrated. Instructions are given for their
operation.

ANNEALING AND HARDENING FURNACES—
W. S. Rockwell. Hudson Terminal Building, 50
Church St., New York, have issued a pamphlet
dealing with furnaces suitable for annealing.
hardening, tempering or case-hardening of tools.
taps. dies, punches, machine parts, etc. The
furnaces can be operated with either gas or oil
as fuel. Full information as to size, gas or oil
consumption, etc., is given.

TOOL HOLDERS— Armstrong Bros.. Tool Co..
339 N. Francisco Ave., Chicago, have issued a
new catalogue No. 18. flisting. with prices, tool
holders for turning, planing, boring, slotting,
threading. cutting off and drilling metals.
Among the new goods listed in this catalogue
are automatic drill drifts, pages 68 and 69. plain
drill drift, page 67 and standard reversible
ratchet drills, pages 60 and 61.

GEAR CUTTING MA CHINES-1909 catalogue
No. 1. of machines designed and manufactured
by Newark Gear Cutting Machine Co., 66 Union
St., Newark. This company was formerly Eber-
hardt Bros. The catalogue contains illustrated
descriptions of automatic spur, bevel, skew and
face gear cutting machines, hobbing machines,
etc. Tables and rules of gearing are included,
making a very complete reference catalogue.

CONVEYING MACHINERY-Catalogue No. 81
General Chain Catalogue from the Jeffrey Mfg.
Co., Columbus, Ohio. Contains full description
and price lists of their various types of chains
and conveying machinery, trucks, hoists and
other accessories contingent on the rapid hand-
ling and transmission of raw and finished pro-
ducts. The book contains 368 pages and is pro-
fusely illustrated. They have also issued bulle-
tin No. 13 descriptive of the Jeffrey electric and
air power coal cutters. This illustrates the cut-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ters in actual service and describes fully the
method of operation. Copies on request, if this
paper is mentioned.

GRINDING MACHINERY— Diamond Machine
Co.. Providence. R. I., catalogue of grinding
and polishing machinery, comprises floor grind-
ing machines, motor driven grinders, wet tool
grinders, automatic face grinders, locomotive
guide bar grinders, roll grinders, surface grind-
ers, gun barrel machinery, internal grinders,
latho grinder attachments, drill grinders, polish-
ing and buffing machines, polishing wheels,
emery wheels, strapping machines, disc grinders,
etc.

FOUNDRY BETTERMENT — Knoeppel &

Knoeppel. Foundry Specialists, Erie, Pa., have
issued an interesting booklet. "Foundry Effi-
ciency Through Betterments in the Engineering
and Accounting Branches." As stated on the
front of the booklet. "Chemistry of results is
just as important to the success of the foundry
as a business, as chemistry of iron is to the
success of the melting operations." The book-
let deals with the betterment of foundry ser-
vice and may be had by mentioning Canadian
Machinery.

MACHINERY— The Waterbury Farrel Foundry
& Machine Co.. Waterbury. Conn., have issued
a general catalogue of 205 pages. 6x9 ins.,
hard covers, printed on bond paper and well il-
lustrated. It forms a general reference book,
briefly reviewing their most prominent types.
These are divided into several classifications
from A to U. Separate catalogues have been

issued giving detailed information, these cata-
logues being indicated by a letter. Section A
deals with automatic cold press nut. bolt and
rivet machinery, B machinery for manufacturing
hinges and butts irom 6hect steel and brass, 0
cartridge machinery for making metallic cases,
etc., D drop presses, F foot presses and 6crew
presses, G chain draw benches for tubing and
rods, H hydraulic draw benches, K knuckle
joint embossing presses, L lathes for burnish-
ing, knurling, etc., M single acting open back
power presses, N single acting blanking and
drawing presses, P double acting power presses,
R rolling mills. S shear presses and alligator
shears, T finishing machinery. Ij muffles, cast-
ing shops and furnaces.

BOOK REVIEWS.

THE PREVENTION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCI-
DENTS. By Frank E. Law. M.E., and Wil-
liam Newell, A.B.. M.E. Published by the
Fidelity and Casualty Co., New York. Price
25 cents.

This is a paper covered book of 190 pages and
contains 72 illustrations. It contains a large
amount of useful information in regard to the
prevention of accidents in various kinds ol
manufacturing and includes boilers, engines, ele-
vators, together with wood-working and metal-
working machinery. Every manufacturer, his
superintendents and his foremen should read this
book for the information and suggestions that
it contains.

Canadian Machine Tool Markets

THE METAL SITUATION.

Despite the usual dullness of trade in De-
cember, very fair buying has characterized
the metal markets. Stocks being low, except
in the case of the larger interests, metal is
being wanted all the time, and thus trading
keeps busy. From inquiries received it is
evident that all classes of consumers are
keeping a very close watch on the markets.
A very strong tone has developed in all
metals, and it looks as if 1910 will show
higher prices all the way round.

The home pig iron and steel situation has
continued firm through the month. Al-
though there has naturally been some falling
off in new business, orders on the books are
so heavy that this is not regretted. Delivery
is behind hand, and furnaces and mills are
contracted away ahead. Imported business
is on the quiet side as the larger users filled
"ap their stocks before the close of naviga-
tion, but it is evident that before long they
must come into the markets again, and pay
the enhanced prices. Steel billets are hard
to procure. The home plants are out of the
open market, and in consequence Continental
billets are finding ready sale. The billet
situation promises to be a serious one in
1910.

Tin has been fairly active, and the rising
prices towards the end of December brought
in some extra business. The primary markets
were marked by a strong jump in London,
caused by some heavy buying on the part,
it is said, of a syndicate. This buying is
probably to anticipate a good consumption
demand later on.

Copper li;i- been rather quiet, but steady
business has been done. Prices were ad-
vanced under the rumor of the great billion-
dollar merger, and although the merger re-
port seems to have lost ground somewhat,
prices have not. Producers have not abated
their output, and heavy stocks are over-
hanging the market. Spelter has remained
under very strong control both in London
and St. Louis, and the firm prices in these
markets have been reflected in Canada. The
domestic galvanizing interests have bought
heavily, and are expected to be in the mar-
ket again before long, owing to the good

trade in the finished articles. Lead has been
fluctuating, and is the least satisfactory of
all the metals. The demand has been fair,
but prices, although advancing, have not
done so in a confident way. Imported and
Trail lead are now commanding the same
price.

MONTREAL.

With the advent of the holidays the gen-
eral machinery trade in this district has dis-
played a tendency to simmer down. This
fact, however, must not be taken to indicate
that deliveries will be hastened. The fac-
tories hereabouts and those supplying the
dealers here have plenty of orders that will
keep them busy for a long time to come
without any new business at all.

For a great many machine tool makers and
dealers this is inventory time, and the time
of the year when most travelers are in from
"the road." Many buyers defer plating of
business until after stocktaking time, and
this, too, has a quieting effect on the trade.
Records and inventories show that the past
year has been a very good one, particularly
the last six months. Regarding the prospects
for next year, even the most conservative
men in the trade are sanguine that 1910 will
be a record-breaker in machinery lines.

Power equipment has felt the same influ-
ence as machinery, although a good volume
of business was signed this month, par-
ticularly in small units. Inquiries are num-
erous, but the actual orders resulting from
these will probably be held over into the
new year. Steam specialties are enjoying
marked activity, in fact, the last two
months' business has i;een exceptionally
good, and 1910 is expected to continue in the
same satisfactory manner.

Prices in both machinery and power sup-
plies show a tendency to ease a little, this
being due to the fact that the large volume
of work, such as is on hand, lowers the cost
of production proportionately and salesmen
are able to quote better discounts.

Increased business is leading to increased
facilities for handling the same. One of the

60

larger of the extensions contemplated is that
of the Montreal Steel Works. They have
secured a splendid tract of land of about 36
acres in Longue Pointe, East Montreal. The
land is bounded in front by the St. Lawrence
River. The tracks of the Montreal Terminal
Railway, and the Canadian Northern cross at
the north giving first-class shipping facili-
ties. It is expected that ground will be
broken as soon as the frost allows.

TORONTO.

While business is a little dull around the
holiday season, yet the year closed with a
good volume of business. The Government
trade returns show large increases of each
month in 1909 over the corresponding month
in 1908. It is expected that the opening of
the year will see a great increase in the
buying.

Canadian railroads will soon be on the
market, placing some large orders. The
C.N.R. and G.T.P. are arranging terminal
facilities and repair shops, and some good
orders for heavy machinery will no doubt
be the result. It is expected that the first
of the C.N.R. shops will be located in To-
ronto. This road has been rapidly extend-
ing its lines, and has yet no repair shops.
Attention must soon be given therefore to
repair shops for rolling stock.

In the United States the leading manufac-
turers of lathes recently announced an ad-
vance in prices. The reason given is that
many improvements have been made in
lathes. Sensitive drills have also been in-
creased. There is no question about the re-
cent improvements made in lathes, the one
of to-day having more than double the
rapacity for work over the one of two or
three years ago.

Industries generally in Ontario are busy
and there is a good demand for foundry sup-
plies and equipments. The jobbing foun-
dries are busy supplying castings, and ma-
chine shops are busier than they have been
for two years.

The municipalities in the Hydro-Electric
zone in Western Ontario are working to-
gether and as soon as the transmission line
is ready for delivery, large orders will be
placed for electrical equipment. Several
British companies have opened up offices in
Toronto and are getting a share of the
orders for electrical machinery and equip-
ment now being placed.

METAL NOTES.

The Northern Electric Co., of Regina,
has been awarded the contract for the
wiring of the public building at $1,098.

Ingersoll ratepayers will vote on a
by-law for a civic power distribution
plant in January. It is estimated that
the plant will cost $26,000.

Avlmer, Out., town council has decided
to rebuild the water and light plant de-
stroyed in the explosion some weeks ago.
and will insta! steam driven machinery
as before.

Ottawa electors will on January '■'<
vote on a by-law to grant the Metro-
politan Electrical Co. the right to con-
struct and operate an electric heat and
power distribution system.

On March 1, 1910, the Ontario Power
Co. must begin the delivery of current
in t lie Hydro-Electric Commission, which
has contracted with the company for
30,000 h.p.. at $10 a horsepower. The
company is now generating 72,000 horse-
power. The second tube will just double
the output of the plant. The charter of
the Ontario Power Company permits it
to develop 200,000 horse-power.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

It was agreed by the Hamilton board
of works to instal 52 street lamps in the
frown Point and Kenliworth districts.
The lamps will be taken under the eon-
tract with the Cataract Power Co. at the
contract price of $47.50 a lamp a year.

At a special meeting of the Bridge-
burg Board of Trade which considered
the proposed franchise to be given the
Canadian-Niagara Power Co., allowing
them to transmit electricity through the
village, the submission of a by-law to
the people was favored.

The Canadian Niagara Power has ap-
plied to the Council of Bridgeburg for
the privilege of using the streets, high-
ways and public places for the purpose
of supplying electricity for light, heat
and power. The electors will vote on
this question on January 3.

Prince Rupert will shortly have elec-
tric light again if negotiations now pro-
ceeding between the people of the nor-
thern town and the Prince Rupert Sash
& Door Co. reach a successful issue. Re-
cently the mill of the B.C. Tie & Timber
Co. at Prince Rupert was burned and
the electric light plant, which was in
the mill, was a total loss.

The Canadian General Electric Co.
was awarded the contract for supplying
the civic power house at Woodstock,
Ont., with a complete five panel switch-
board with instruments and regulators;
3 300-kw. transformers; two 1,500-
gallon per minute turbine pumps, each
driven with one 175-horse-power motor
and one 500-horse-power motor to drive
the present generator for the sum of
$20,000.

Contracts for supplies were recently
awarded at London. The Northern Elec-
tric Co. was awarded the contracts for
5-16-inch guy wire for $122.50; J-inch
wire strand at $76.50; light strain in-
sulators, in three sizes, at $105, $120 and
$107.50, a total of $332.50, and the Can-
adian General Electric were awarded the
solid guv wire, No. 9, at $26.30; anchors,
medium* at $58.41; heavy anchors at
$26.93, and guy wire clamps at $20.80.

The Dominion Government have under
construction at Chambly Canton, Que..
a new power house to take the place of
the present one. The capacity will be
about 150 horse power generated by a
turbine water wheel. The power will be
used in the Chambly canal workshops at
Chambly Basin and for lighting the canal
and government property. The super-
intendent in charge is Mr. E. Duches-
neau. At the time of writing (Dec. 20)
no appropriation has been made by the
government for the equipment but it will
probably go through this session.

The St. Johns, Que., Electric Light
Co. have placed a proposition before the
town council anent the better lighting
of the streets. The company offers to
change all the 32 c.p. lamps for 60 c.p.
To do this the town would be required
to purchase new brackets and lamps,
which would amount to $600 or $700.
The company would supply the wiring

and defray the cost of erecting them, the
lamps then to become the property of
tlie company. Under this arrangement
it would cost the town $13 per 60 c.p.
lamp per year, instead of $12 per 32
c.p., as now paid.

The East View Council has given the
first reading to the by-law for an agree-
ment with the Ottawa Electric Com-
pany. There will be practically two
contracts. One is for ten years, for
lighting houses and stores, etc., in East
View. The company is to have an ex-
clusive franchise for five years and the
rates charged are to be the same as
those paid by Ottawans for lighting of
Stores, dwellings, etc.. here. There is
also an agreement for lighting the streets
of East View with 100 watt Tungsten
lamps at $13 each a year. It is claimed
that Ottawa now pays $15 annually for
a 6-watt light, so it is asserted that the
new contract is a fairly good one for
East View. The property owners will
vote on this on January 3.

The work that the Ontario Power Co.
is doing in the Park at Niagara Falls
is almost as big as the original venture.
Superintendent H. H. Wilson now has
350 men on the job and in the course
of a month will have many more in his
force. Work will be continued through
the winter and Mr. Wilson expects to
have it completed some time in July of
1910. In round figures the work means
an outlay of $1,500,000. The second
tube in which the company is working
represents an engineering feat that is
unique. The first tube was of steel
eighteen feet in diameter, 6.500 feet in
length. The second tube will be of re-
inforced concrete and of the same di-
mensions of the first tube. So far as is
known no concrete tube of that diameter
has ever been built.

is described in detail, with the following
general conclusions. The saving due to
changing ten 2 7-16-inch plain ring-oiling
babbitted bearings running at 214 revolu-
tions per minute to ball bearings in-
creases with increasing belt tension from
14 to 36 per cent. With the usual belt
tensions of good practice ranging from
44 to 57 pounds per inch of width of
single belt the saving amounts to 36 per
cent, and 35 per cent.

The paper concludes with a comparison
between the use of ring-oiling and ball
bearings on a dollars and cents basis.
Here it is shown that taking electric
current at a cost of 3 cent* per kilowatt-
hour for 3,000 hours, the ball bearing re-
turns a saving of 37 per cent, on the ex-
cess of their cost over the ring-oiling
type.

A. S. M. E. ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers was
held in New York, Dec. 7 to 10. A list
of the papers presented appeared if
the December issue of Canadian Ma-
chinery. The officers for 1910 are: Geo.
W. Westinghouse, president; G. W.
Baker, E. D. Meier, W. F. M. Goss, vice-
presidents; J. S. Bancroft. J. Hartness,
H. G. Reist, managers; W. H. Wiley,
treasurer.

Among the papers presented was one
by Henry Hess, on "Line-shaft Ef-
ficiency, Mechanical and Economic,"
which states that the co-efficient of fric-
tion of plain babbitted or cast iron shaft
bearings ranges from % of 1 per cent."
to 8 per cent., and that a plant having
a coefficient of 3 per cent, is one to be
proud of. The remedy for this excessive
friction is stated to lie in using ball-
bearing hangings on line shafting.

A test conducted by Dodge & Day on
a line of 2 7-16-inch shaft 72 feet long
6i

CENTRAL RAILWAY CLUB.

The regular monthly meeting of the
Central Railway and Engineering Club
was held at the Prince George I'otel,
Toronto, Dec. 21. The business of the
evening consisted of an address on "The
Manufacture of Commercial Gas," by C.
J. Herring, and the election of officers
for the ensuing year. C. Jefferis, the re-
tiring President, occupied the chair.

The following were elected officers for
1910 : President, J. Duguid, general
foreman G. T. R. ; first vice-pres., G.
Baldwin, general yardmaster Canada
Foundry Co. ; second vice-pres., J. Ban-
non, chief engineer, city hall, Toronto.

Executive Committee— Messrs C. A.
Jefferis, W. R. McRae, O. A. Cole, A.
M. Wickens, A. E. Till and A. Taylor,
Toronto, and Mr. Patterson, Stratford.

PLAYING WITH FIRE.

A can of gasolene can be handled as
safely as a can of oil, for liquid gaso-
lene does not explode. It is the gaso-
lene vapor that is highly explosive when
properly mixed with air. The Scientific
American recently published three illus-
trations showing the safety with which
burning gasolene may be handled. One
showed a man pouring burning gasolene
from one can into another. In a second
he was blowing into the spout of a can
of gasolene to which a match had been
applied. The little blue flame that or-
dinarily plays around the mouth of the
can was transformed into a burning
torch. The third showed a pool of burn-
ing gasolene on the floor, and two gaso-
lene cans aflame, but there was no ex-
plosion.

There is all the difference in the world
between an attempt to study by mere
reading and a real study through the
actual doing of work.— Prof. John Perry.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

MISCELLANEOUS.

MISCELLANEOUS.

MISCELLANEOUS.

DOES YOUR FIRE INSURANCE POLICY pro-
tectyou? There are points in connection with
fire insurance policies that need expert handling
to secure proper protection. We are fire insurance
experts. We can safeguard your Interests and procure
the lowest rates. Mitchell & Ryerson, Confederation
Life Building, Toronto. (tf)

ERRORS AVOIDED-LABOR SAYED-Using the
Shouperlor Autographic Register. Three copies
issued at one writing. 1st, Invoice; 2nd, delivery
ticket; 3rd, charge sheet, perforated for filing. No
handling of carbons. High grade printing and neat
Invoice'*. Make full inquiry. Autographic Register
Co., 191-193*195 Dorchester St. East, Montreal.

FOR SALE.— The right to manufacture and sell on
royalty in the Province of Ontario, and also in
the Western Provinces, a fire escape which has been
proven to be the best and only complete fire escape in
the world. The right man can make a fortune out of
tbls proposition. For all information address, The
Universal Fire Escape Co., No. 234 Dufferin St.,
Montreal, P.Q.

FIREPROOF Windows and Doors made strictly to
the Fire Underwriters' requirements reduce your
Insurance Rates and protect your building. We are
experts in this line, and guarantee you really fireproof
goods, and the maximum Insurance allowance. Let
us give you our figure. A. B Ormsby. Limited, Sheet
Metal Workers. Factories, Toronto, Wnnipeg.

PROBABLY the most talked about machine in
Canada Is the Hainer Book-keeping Machine. It
combines in one machine the cash and credit register,
time recorder and account register. Representatives
wanted everywhere. Write for our proposition.
Book-keeping Machines, Ltd., 424 Spadlna Ave.,
Toronto.

YOU DON'T BUY a National Cash Register-it
pays for itself. Saves money. Prevents mis-
takes. We can prove it. National Cash Register
Co , 285 Yonge St., Toronto.

C'—- buys the best duplicating machine on the mar
vP7n ket. ACME will print anything a job-printer
' ' can do. Complete outfit; Acme Duplicating
Machine; one tubulir stand fitted with type cases;
compartments plainly lettered and arranged like
universal keyboard of the standard make of type-
writers; one drawer for accessories and forms ; 201b.
font of typewriter type; one chase: one Acme ribbon
any color with typewriter ribbon to match ; one pair
tweezers; two quoins; one key; one oilcan ; and one
set of reglets. Sold with a guarantee. Acme Dupli-
cator Co., Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.

INSURE health by Installing Pullman System of
natural ventilation. Simple, inexpensive. Fresh
air introduced under window sash, is gradually
diffused throughout room. All foul air in room
expelled through special outlets. Use in store, office
and home. Send for free booklet. Win. Stewart &
Co., Saturday Night Bldg., Toronto; Board of Trade
Bldg., Montreal

KEEPACCOUNTS WITHOUT BOOK-KEEPING.
A century ago accounting meant keeping books;
today you can keep accounts cheaper, better, quicker
and more accurately by throwing away all books and
installing a McCaikey Account Register. Don't be
skeptical—investigation crsts nothing. Write us to-
day. Dominion Register Company, Ltd., 100 Spadina
Ave., Toronto.

BRASS CASTINGS

OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS

LUMEN BEARING COMPANY

BUFFALO TORONTO

The Art of Welding Metals

The use of the Oxy-acotyleno blow-pipe in welding has greatly ex-
tended the field in this class of work.

Simple or complicated fractures and breaks in all kinds of machinery may
be repaired and made almost equal to new in strength and appearance ; the
broken edges of iron, steel, aluminum and other metals are melted together
with the addition of more metal under a temperature of 6,000 to 7,000 degrees
Fahrenheit.

This plan is much superior to brazing or riveting and may be used for an
infinite variety of new and repair work hitherto done by less efficient methods.

We have installed a plant for the purpose of welding by this process, and
shall be glad to send particulars and quote prices.

Enquiries and correspondence solicited.

CHAS. POTTER,
85 YONGE ST., TORONTO

M':

"Emergency" Cupola

is a most excellent little
melter, and has been exten-
sively adopted both at home
and abroad, including several
Government departments.

Full

Particulars

on

Application

For
Melt-
ing
from
1 to 10
cwts. of
iron
per
hour.

We are also
makers of

The Rapid

"Economic"

Cupola

and complete

Foundry

Melting

Equipments.

FEED-WATER
HEATERS,

FILTERS, 4c.

GEORGE GREEN & CO.

FOUNDRY ENCINEER8

L

KEIGHLEY,

ENGLAND

Cable Address: "CUPOLA," Keighley.

Special Subscription Offer With

The Financial Post

The pre-eminent financial and investment
paper of Canada.

The Investor's Library:

The Investor's Primer . . $1.00

The Art of Wall Street Investing 1.00

Mining Investments and How to

Judge Them . . . 1.00

Pitfalls of Speculation . . 1.00

Cycles of Speculation . . 1.50

All with The Financial Post, one year 5.00

Any two with The Financial Post,

one year .... 3.50

This offer applies to new subscribers or to
old subscribers who send a new subscriber's
name and the corresponding remittance.

FOR SAMPLE COPY ADDRESS

The Financial Post - Toronto

62

CANADIAN MACHINERY

WE MANUFACTURE IN

CANADA

A Complete Line of

Cotton Buffs

For all uses
In all sizes
Of all grades

AT LOWEST
PRICES

F. L. & J. C. Codman

84 Sandwich St. West, - Windsor, Ont.

BOSTON,

MASS.

DETROIT,
MICH.

Power and Steam Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps, Paper Mill Pumps,
Rotary Pumps, Travelling Cranes, Etc.

The Smart=Turner Machine Co., Limited

HAMILTON, ONTARIO.

" CONQUEROR "

HIGH SPEED STEEL AND DRILLS

Made by

J. BEARDSHAW <§>> SON, LTD., SHEFFIELD

ARE UNEQUALLED FOR DURABILITY AND UNIFORMITY.

OUR IMPROVED

HIGH SPEED DRILL is much imitated, but not equalled either in quality or price.

SELLING AGENT : -

Alexander Gibb, 13 St. John St., Montreal

63

t \MADIAN MACHINERY

««

MORSE" CUTTERS

We, ourselves, are large users of Cutters of all kinds, so it
stands to reason we make them of the best material and in the best
manner known. We want the best that can be made and so do you.
You run no risk in buying "MORSE" CUTTERS.

Our goods are handled by Rice Lewis ct Son, Limited, Toronto, Aikenhead Hardware, Limited,
Toronto. Frothinjham & Workman, Montreal, Mechanics Supply Co., Quebec.

MORSE TWIST DRILL & MACHINE CO.,

NEW BEDFORD, MASS., U.S.A.

Geo.Anderson & Co., Ltd

157 Craig St. West,
MONTREAL

and CARNOUSTIE, SCOTLAND.

Makers all sizes of

Travelling Cranes
Electric Derricks
Steam Derricks
Locomotive Cranes

Send for Catalogue and Price

Photo of 5-toniMotor Travelling Crane, 60-foot span

BROWN & SHARPE MFG. CO., Providence, R.I., U.S.A.

They Successfully Withstand SEVERE SERVICE
That is why Shop Foremen Recommend

B.&S. CUTTERS

to the manufacturer, and, in turn, the reason why manu-
facturers specify them in their orders. The foreman's
detailed knowledge of the uses and comparative merits of
cutters is especially valuable and his recommendation of
these cutters is conclusive proof of their worth.

Our cutter list, containing- illustrations, dimensions
and prices of the entire line, will be mailed to you free
upon request.

37 Styles
3600 Sizes

One
Quality

64

CANADIAN MACHINERY

CANADIAN MACHINERY BUYERS' DIRECTORY

To Our Readers— Use this directory when seeking to buy any machinery or power equipment.

You will often get information that will save you money.
To Our Advertisers— Send in your name for insertion under the heading of the lines you make or sell.
To Non-Advertisers — A nominal rate of $1 per line a year is charged non-advertisers.

Abrasive Materials.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd., Toronto
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal.
Canadian Hart Wheels Ltd.. Hamiltou.
Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, N.Y.
Stevet-B, F. B., Detroit, Mich.

Air Receivers.

Canadian Rand Co., Montreal.

Alloys.

Hermann Boker * Co . Montreal
Franca Hyde & Co. , Montreal.

Aluminum.

Parke & Leith, Toronto

Anvils, Bench.

Aikentead Hardwa e. Ltd., Toronto
oeneral Supply Co. of Canada, Ottawa,

Arbors.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Cleveland Twist Drill Co., C.eveland
Mors- Twist Drill and Machine Co., New

Bedford .

Ja«. Smart Mfg. Co.. Brockville, Ont.

Arbor Presses.

Niles-Bement-PondCo., New York.

Automatic Machinery.

Gardner. Robt. & Son, Montreal
K i Hogg k Ho , Toronto
MuaBeiH Limited, Montreal.

Axle Cutters.

Butterfleld 4 Co., Rock Island, Que.
A. B. Jardine & Co., Hespeler, Ont.

Babbit Metal.

Aikenhead Hardware, L'd., Toronto
Canada Metal Co.. Toronto.
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
General Supply Co. of Canada
Lumen Bearirg Co.. Toronto.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamilton

Balls, Steel.

Hermann Boker & Co., Mont'eal

Barrels, Steel Shop.

Cleveland Wire Spring Co., Cleveland.

Barrels, Tumbling.

Calumet Engineering Works, Harvey,

Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Montreal
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.
Fiancis Hy le k Co., Montreal.
Northern Engineering Works, Detroit.
Sbeld ns Limited Gait
The Smart-Turner Mach. Co.. Hamilton.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Har-
vey, 111.

Bars, Boring.

Hall Engineering Works, Montreal.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.

Belting, Chain.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Montr, al
Jones k G asseo, Montreal
Waterous Engine Works Co., Brentford.

Belting, Cotton.

Dominion Belting Co., Hamilton.

Belting, Leather.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal-
General Suiply Co. of Canada, Ottawa
McLaren, J. 0., Montreal.
Sadler k Haworth. Montreal

Bending Machinery.

John Bertram k Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
Bliss, E W., Co , Brooklyn, N.Y.
Kellogg k Co., loronto
Jardine, A B. » Co.. Hasp ler. Ont.
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton, Ont.
National Machinery Co., Tiffin, Ohio.
Nllee-Benient-Pond Co., New York.

Blowers.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Dominion Foundry rj iiplyOo.. Toronto
General 8u ply Co. of Canada. Ottawa.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton and

Montreal. ,

Francis Hyde k Co., Montreal.

Monarch Eog. k Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md
W. S. Rockwell Co., New York
Sheldon's Limited, Gait.

Blast Gauges — Cupola.

Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Toronto
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.
Francis Hyde ft Co., Montreal.
Shelduns, Limited, Gait

Boilers.

Canadian General k Shoe Machinery

Co., Levis, Que.
General Supply Co. of Canada, Ottawa
Goldie 4 McCulloch Co., Gait.
Ma-sens Limited, Mont-eal.
Owen Sound Iron Works Co., Owen

Sound.
Robb Engineering Co., Amherst, N.S.
The Smart-Turner Mach. Co., Hamilton.
Standard Engineering. Co., Tort nto.
Waterous Engine Works Co., Brant ford.

Boiler Compounds.

Aikenhead Hardware. Ltd., Toronto
Nichols Chenvcal Co., Montreal
Hall Engineering Works, Montreal.

Boiler Feed Regulators.

Standard Engineering Co., Toronto.

Boiler Makers' Supplies.

Allen, John F. New York

Boiler Mountings.

Standard Engineering Co., Toronto.

Boiler Settings.

Harbison- Walker Refractories Co., Pitts-
burg

Bolts and Nuts.

Harris Forge Co., New Glasgow, N.8.

Bolt and Nut Machinery.

John Bertram k Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
Gardner Robt. k Son, Mo treal
t- eneral Sunply C ». of Canada. Ottawa.
Kellogg * Co., T —onto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
Mussens I imited, Montreal.
National Machinery Co.. Tiffin, Ohio.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co. New York.
Waterbury Farrell Foundry It Machine
Co., Waterbury, Conn.

Bolt Cutters.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd , Toronto
Kellogg k Co , Tnr nto
Muwens Limited, Montreal.

Boring Machines, Upright.

John Bertram & Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
Kellogg » Co. Tort nto
London Mach Tool Co., Hamilton.
Mus.ens Limited, Montreal.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.

Boring Machines, Wood.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co.,

i htcago. III.
Kellogg a Co., Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
Massen Limited, Montreal.
Ja». Smart Mf<. C ■., brockville, Ont.

Boring and Turning Mills.

John Bertram & Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
Kell .gift Co., Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
Mussens - imited Montreal.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co . Hamilton.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.
H. W. Petrie. Toronto.

Box Puller.

A B. Jardine * Co., Hespeler, Ont.

Boxes, Steel Shop.

Cleveland Wire Spring Co., Cleveland.
Franoit Hyde It Co., Montreal.

Boxes, Tote.

Cleveland Wire Spring Co., Cleveland.
F ancis Hyde k Co., Montreal.

Brake Shoes

Montreal Steel Works, Montreal

Brass Melting Furnace*.

Hamilton Faolng Millfo., Hamilton.
Francis Hytek Co.. Montrea'.
Mon.rchEnt kMfg.Oo. "altimore
W H. Rockwell Co., New York
Whi ing Fouud y Equipm,e-t Co., Har-
vey 111.

Brass Working Machinery.

Gardoer.Robt. k »on, Montreal

Mubs etutLimiwd Montreal.

Warner k Swasey Co.,01eveland, Ohio.

Brushes, Foundry and Core.

Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Toronto
Hamilton Facing Mill Co Hamilton.
Francis Hvde k Co., Montreal.
Steveoa, F. B.. Detroit. Mich.

Buckets, Clam Shell.

Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Montreal
Whiting Foundry Equipm'nt Company,
Harvey, 111.

Buckets, Crab.

Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Moo* real

Buffing and Polishing Wheels

l'\ !,. & J. C. Codman, Windsor, Ont.

Bulldozers.

John Bertram k Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
General Supply Co t f Canada, tttawa.
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton, Ont
National Machinery Co., Tiffin, Ohio.
Niles-Bement-Pona Co., New York.

Burners, Core Oven.

Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.
Francis Hyde & Co. . Montreal.
Monarch Enir. k \tfg Co. Baltimore, Md
W. S. Rockwell Co., New York

Burners, Fuel Oil.

Fra' cis Hyde A Co., Montreal.
Mon ilub Eng. & Mfg. Co.. Baltimore, Md
W. S. Rockwell Co., New York
Whiting tfcundry Equipment Co., Har-
vey 111.

Burners, Natural Gas.

Monarch Eng. & Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md
Francis Hyde * Co., Montreal.
W. S. Rockwell Co., New York

Burrs, Iron and Copper.

Parmenter & Bul'ock Co , Gananoque

Cables, Aerial and Under
ground.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd., Toron'o
Phillip', Eugene F., Electrical Woiks,

Montreal
Waterous Engine Works Co., Brantford.

Canners' Machinery.

Bliss, E. W., Co., Brooklyn, N.Y
Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Montreal

Car Replacers

Montreal Steel Works, Montreal

Car Wheels, Mine

Montreal Steel Works, Montreal

Cars, Core Oven.

Calumet Engin ering Works, Harvey,
111

Francis Hyde k Co., Montreal.

Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Har-
vey, 111.

Cars, Factory & Warehouse

Franois Hyde k Co , Montreal.
Hheldcns Limited, Gait
Whiting Foundry Equirment Co., Har-
vty, 111.

Cars, Foundry.

Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Montreal
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.
Francii Hyde & Co , Montreal.
Monarch E •• g. a Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md.
Sheldona Limited, Gait
Whiting Foandiy Equipment Co., Har-
vey, IU.

Cars. Industrial.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Francis Hide k to, Moi tieal
Mussens Limited Montreal.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Har-
vey, 111.

Castings, Aluminum.

Lumen Bearing Co., Toronto
Tallman Brass k Metal Co., Hamilton

Castings, Brass.

Wm Coulter k Sons, Toronto

Hall Engineering Works, Montreal.

Lumen Bearing Co., Toronto

Owen Sound Iron Works Co., Owen

Sound.
Tallman Brass & Metal Co., Hamilton
Waterous Engine Works Co., Brantford

Castings, Orey Iron.

(Jar tn;r, Robt. k Son, Montreal
Hall Engineering Works, Montreal.
Katie Foundry Co., Gait, Ont.
Owen Sound Iron Work* Co., Owen

Sound.
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton.
Jaa. Hm.rt Mf». Co , Brockville Ont.
Waterous Engine Work! Co., Brautfor

Castings, Manganese Steel

Montreal Steel Works, Montreal

Castings, Phosphor Bronze.

Lumen Bearing Co., Toronto

Castings, Semi-Steel.

Montreal Steel Works, Montreal

Castings, Sewer.

J as. Smart Mfg. Co., Brockville. Ont.

Cement Machinery.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Gardner, Robt. & Son, M ntreal
Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Montreal
Owen Sound Iron Worka Co., Owen

Sound
Waterous Engine Worka Co., Brantford.

Centreing Machines.

John Bertram A Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
Gardner Robt. k 8 id, Montreal
Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Mon' real
London Mach Tool Co., Hamilton, Ont.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co, New York.
Pratt A Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn.

Centrifugal Pumps.

Pratt k Whitney Oo , Hartfard, Conn.
Wateraus Engine Worka Co , Brantfoid.

Chain Blocks.

Aike head hardware. Ltd , Toronto
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
General supply Co. of C nada, Ottawa.
Musaens Limited, Montreal.

Charcoal.

Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Toronto
Hamilton Facing Mill o., Hamilton,
rrancis Hyde k Co., Montreal.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit. Mich.

Chemicals.

Nichols Chemical Co., Montreal

Chucks, Brass Finishers.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd., Toronto
Skinner Chuck Co., New Britain, Conn

Chucks, Combination.

Aikenhead Harlwart, Ltd. Toronto
Skinner Chuck Co., New Britain, Conn

Chucks, Outting-off.

Skinner Chuck Co., New Br tain. Conn

Chucks, Drill and Lathe.

Aikenhead Hardware, L-d. Toronto
John Bertram k Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
Cleveland Twist Drill to., Cleveland
Cuahman > huck Co., Hartf rd, onn
Gardner, Robt. k Son, Montreal
Gene al -npply t o. of Canada. Ottawa

£er & Goodwin, Brantford.
mdon Mach. Tool Co.. Hamilton.
Mors* Twist Drill and Maehlna Co., New

Bedford
Musseno l.imi ed, Montreal.
Nilee-Bement-Pond Co., New York.
Ru sell Anti- riction Drill Chuck Co

Elmira, N.Y
Skinner Ohuok Co., New Britain. Conn
Standard Tool Co.. Cleveland.

Chucks, Grinding Machine.

E Horton & Son Co., Windaor Looki,

Conn
Skinner Chuck Co., New Britain, Conn

Chucks, Independent Jaw.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd.. Toronto
Skinner Chuok Co.,Naw Britain, Conn

65

Canadian machinery

Chucks (Planer or Milling.)

Gardner, Bobt. A Son, Montreal
Skinner Chuck Co, New Britain, Oon

Ch ticks, Screw Machine,

Ski iner Chuck Co New Britain, Ccnn

Chucking Machines.

NUee-Bement-Pond Co., New York.
Warner A Swaaey Oo . Cleveland, Ohio

Chucks, Universal

Aike-headH rd ware. Ltd.. Toronto
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Skinner Chuoa Oo. New Britain, Conn

Circuit Breakers.

Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamilton.

Clamps.

J as. 8m .rt Mfg. Co., Brockrille, Ont.

Clocks, Electric,

G. 0 Br din, London, Ont.

Clocks, Portable,

G. C. Bredin Loudon. Ont.

Core Cutting-off and Coning
Machine.

Hamilton Pacing Mill Co.. Hamilton.
Francs Hyde A Co.. Montreal.

Core Compounds.

Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Toronto
Hamilton Facing Mill Co.. Hamilton.
Francis Hyde & Co., Mon real.
Stevens, F. B., Detroit, Mioh.

Core-Making Machines.

Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.
Francis Hyde & Co.. Montreal,
r torens, F. B , Detroit, Mioh.

Core Ovens.

Ca'umet Eng. Works, Harrey, 111,
Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Montreal
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton and

Montreal
Franc s Hyde & Co., Montreal.
Sheldons Limited. Gait
Standard Engineering ' o.. Tcronto
Stevens, r B , D< troit, Mich.
Whit ng Foundry Equipment Co., Har-
rey, 11L

Core Prints Standard.

Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.

Franois Hyde A Co., Montreal.
Northern Engineering Works, Detroit
Sheldon's Limited. Gait

Cupola Linings.

Clocks and Dials, Watch- Counterbores,
men's,

G. C. Bredin London, Ont.

Cloth and Wool Dryers

B. Greening Wire Co., Hamilton.
Sheldons Limited, Gait

Coal Boring Machines.

Cumming, J. W., New Glasgow, N.8.

Coal Handling Machinery.

Jeffrey Mfg. Co., MoLtreal
S'.andard Kngineerin* Co., Toronto.
Waterous Engine Works Co., Brauiford

Coal Miners' Tools.

A kenhead Hardware, Ltd.. ToroDto
Cumming J. W., New Glasgow, W. S.

Collectors, Pneumatic.

Sheldons Limited, Gait

Combination Pliers.

Reed Mfg. Co.. Erie, Pa,

Compressors, Air.

Canadian Rand Co., Montreal.
Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamilton.
Da ling Bros., Lid., Montreal
General supply < o. of Canada. Ottawa
Hall Engineering Wcks, Montreal, Que.
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi-
cago-
Monarch Eng A Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md.
Mu*s hi Limi ed, > ontreal.
NUee-Bement-Pond Co.. New York.
The Smart-Turner Mach. Co., Hamilton.

Concentrating Plant.

Gardner, Robt. it Son, Montreal

Concrete Mixers.

The Canadian Fai.banks Co., Montreal
Jeffrey M g. Co., Montreal

Condensers.

Gold'e A McCulloch Co., Gelt,
Hall E'kineerii g Works. Montresl.
Smart-Turner Machine Co . Hamilton.
Waterous Engine Co., Brentford.

Consulting Engineers.

Bain A Mitchell. Montreal

Death A Watson Toronto

Fenaom, O. J., Toronto

Hall Engineering Worts. Montreal.

Robertson J. M.. Ltd. Montreal

T Pringle & Son, Montreal.

Standa d En.lneering Co.. Toronto.

Controllers and Starters
Electric Motor.

Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamilton.
T A H. Electric Co.. Hamilton.

Conveyor Machinery.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
l.okll- k M.Culloch Co., Gait
Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Montreal
Muse -s Limit"-!, Mo treal.
SmanvTumer Machine Co., Hamilton.
Waterous Engine Works Co., Brentford.

Coping Machines.

John Bertram A Sons Co., Dundaa, Ont.
London Mach Tool Co.. Hamilton.
Siles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.

Corundum and Corundum
Wheels.

Aike ihead He-dware. Ltd . Toronto
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Canadian Hart Wheels Ltd., Hsmllton
G> ner.l Supply Co. of Canada, Ottawa.

Core Box Machines.

Fox Machine Co . Grand Rapid*.
Francis Hyde it Co., Montreal

Clev land Twist Drill Oo . Cleveland
Morse Twist Drill and Machine Co., New
Bedford

Countersinks.

Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Cleveland

Couplings.

Gardner Robt. A Son, Montreal
Owen Sound Iron Works Co, Owen
Sound

Couplings, Air.

Canadian Rand Co., Montresl.
Independent Pneumatio Tool Co.,
Chicago

Cranes, Electric and
Hand Power.

Advanc} Machine Works. Walkerville,
Calumet Eng. Works Harvey, III.
Canadian Rand Co., Montreal.
Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Montreal
Gardner, Robt Son Montreal
Hamilton Facing Mill Oo., Hamilton.
Fiancis Hyde Co. Montreal.
Mus*ens Limited Mo treal.
Nile*- Bement- Pond Co., New York.
Northern Engineering Works. Detroit
Owen Sound Iron Works Co , Owen

Sound
Smart-Turner-Machine Co., Hamilton,
Whitin Foundry Equipment Co. , Har-
vey, 111.

Cranes, Hydraulic.

Calumet Eng. Works Harvey . 111.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Har-
rey, IU.

Crank Pin Turning Machine.

London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co.. New York.

Crankshafts.

Harris Forge Co., New Glasgow, N.S.

Crossings, Diamond Bail

Montreal Steel Worts, Montreal

Crucibles.

B*rt ey, Jonathan, Cruiible Co., Tren-
ton, N J.
Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Montreal
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.
F ii< -is Hyde A v ,0 , Montreal.
Siedel. R. B., Inc. Philade phia
S. evens. F. B,, Detroit, Mich.

Crushers, Bock or Ore.

Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Montreal

Waterous Engine Works Cj., Brantfurd

Cupolas.

Adrance Machine Works, Walkerrille
Calumet Eng. Works Harvey III.
Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Montreal
George Green & Co., Keighley, Eng.
Hamilton Facing Mill Co,, Hamilton.
Frano a Hide & Co. M- ntrt-al.
Northern Engineering Works, Detroit
Sheldons Limited, Gait.
Wh ting Foundry Equipment Co., Har
rey, 111

Cupola Blast Gauges.

Dominion Foundry Sunply Co., Montreal
Hamilton Facing Mil) Co., Hamilton.
Fra cis Hyde A Co., Montreal.
Sheldons Limited, ualt

Cupola Blocks.

Dominion Foundry SuM>ly Oo.. Toronto
Hamilton Fa ing Mil' Co.. Hamilton
Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., Pitts-
burg
Franci- Hyde & Co., Montreal.
No- them Engineering Works Detroit
Ontario Lime Association, Toronto

Ou.ola Blowers.

Dominion Foundry Supply Co., Toronto
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Hamilton.

Hamilton Facing Mill Co , Hamilton.
Harbison-Walker Refractories Co., Pitts-
burg
Francis Hyde A Oo., Montreal.
S evens, F. B. Detroit, Mich.

Oupalo Twyers.

Francis Hyde A Co., Montreal.
Knoeppel Co.,Bulfa'o, N.Y.

•*rs, Flue.

Independent Pneumatio Tool Co.,
Chicago 111.

Cutters, Gear.

Aikenhead Ha dware, I td , Toronto

Cutters, Pipe.

Aikenhead Hardware, ltd., Toronto
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
General Supp'y Oo. of Canada, Ottawa.
A B. Jardine A Co , Hes' eler, Ont.
R ed Mfg. Co , Eri«, I a
Trim nt Mfg Co., R xbury, Mass.

Cutter Grinder Attachment

Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., Cin-
cinnati

Cutter Grinders.

Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., Cin-
cinnati

Cutters, Milling.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Cleveland Twist Drill Co., leveland
Hamllt n Tool Co., Hamilton. " nt.
Morse Twis- Drill and Machine Co., New

Bedford
Mussens Ltmi'ed, Montreal.
Pratt A Whitney Co.. Hartford, Conn.
Standard Tool Co.. Cleveland.

Cutting-off Machines.

A mstrong Bros. Tool Co., Chicago

John Bertram A Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.

London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.

Mussens Limited Montreal.

A. W. Petrie, Toronto.

Pratt A Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn.

Cutting-off Tools.

Armstrong Bros. Tool Co., Chicago.
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
H. W. Petrie, Toronto.
Pratt A Whitney, Hart ford. Conn.
L. S. Starred Co.. Athol, Mass.

Damper Regulators.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
Darling Bros., Ltd., Montreal
Staudard Engineering Co., Toronto.

Dies.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd., Toronto

Arm-trong Bros., Toronto

Banfleld, W. H. A 8on, To onto

Bliss, E. W„ Co., Brooklyn, N.Y.

Kisher, A. D., Co., Toronto

Gardner, Robt. A "on, Montreal

Morse Twist Drill and Machine Co., New

Bedford
Reed Mfg. Co.. Erie. Pa.
Soott, Ernest, Montreal.

Die Stocks.

Aiken ead Hardware Ltd , Toronto
Curtis A Curtis Co Bridgeport, Conn.
Jardine, A. B., A Oo , Hespeler, Ont.

Dies, Self-opening.

(.eometrio • ool Co., New Haven, Conn.
Wortman & Ward Co., London.

Dies, Opening.

W. H. Banfleld A Sons. Toronto
Jardine. A. B. A Co , Hespeler, Ont.
Pratt A Whitney Co., Hartford Conn.

Dies, Threading.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd., Toronto
General Su.ply C . of 'ana, la, Ittawa.
Jardine, A. B., A Co., Hespeler, Ont.

Draft, Mechanical.

W. H. Banfleld A Sons, Toronto.
Hut tern. Id A Co., Rock Island, Que.
A B. Jardine A Co.. Hespeler
Pratt A Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn.
Sheldon s Limited, Gait.

Drilling Machines, Horizon-
tal

John Bertram A Sons Oo.,Du ndas.On
Kell gg • Co.. Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
J J MoOa e, New York City, N.Y.
Mu-sens Limited Mo treal
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.

Drilling Machines,
Locomotive.

John Bertram A Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
K ell g A o , Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton, Ont.
The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal.
A. B. Jardine A Co., Hespeler, Ont.
Mussens Limited. Montreal.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., Now York.
H. W. Petrie, Toronto.

Drilling Machines,

Multiple Spindle.

John Bertram A Sons Co., Dundas, Ont.
Kellogg • Co , Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton, Ont
Musse <s Limited. Montreal.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.
H. W. Petrie, Toronto.

Drilling Machines, Radial.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal
K ellogg A Co., Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
Mussens Limite I Montreal.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.

Drilling Machines, Turret.

John Bertram A Sons Co. Dundas Ont
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.

Drilling Machines, Upright.

Bawden Machine A Tool Co., Toronto.
John Bertram A Sons Co., Dundas, Ont
Fui Machine Co , Grand Rap do
A. B. Jardine A Co., Hesp ler, Ont.
Kell gg& o.. To onto
London Mach. Tool Co., Hamilton.
J.J Mcoabe. .New York City N.Y.
Mussens Limited, Montreal.
R. McDougall Co., Gait

Drills, Bench.

Gene al Sue ply Co. of Canada, Ottawa
Ke logg A Co.. Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co.. Hamilton.
Pratt A Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn.

Drills, Bit Stock.

Cleveland Twist Dri 1 Co., Cleveland
Mors., Twist Dril and Machine Co., Ntw
Bedford

Drills, Blacksmith.

Aikenhead Hard are, ltd., Toronto
Ce eland wi-t Lnll Co , Cle eland
A. B. Jardine A Co., Hespeler, Ont.
Kellogg A Co., Toronto
London Mach. Tool Co.. Hamilton.
Morse Twist Drill and Machine Co., New

Be ford
Jas. Sma>t Mfg. Co., Brockville. ont.
Standard Tool Co., Cleveland.

Drills, Centre.

Ai'enbead Hardware. L'd . Toronto
Cleveland Tw st Drill Co., Cleveland
Morse Twist Drill and Machine Co., New

Bedford
Pratt A Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn.
Standard Tool Co., Cleveland, O.
L. S. Starrett Co., Athol, Mass.

Drills, Coal and Plaster.

Cumming, J. W., New Glasgow, N.S.

Drills, Electric.

Cincinnati Elect io Tool Co., C'ncin

nati
Mussens Limited, Montreal.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co.. New York.

Drills, High Speed.

Aikenhead Hardware, Ltd , To-onto

Hermann Bok r A Co., v, ntreal

The Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal

Oleveiand Twist Drill Co , Cleveland

Al. zander Gibb Mom. teal

J.J. McCahe, New York City, N.Y.

Mo-se Twist Drill and Machine Co.. N. w

B- dford
Mussens united. Montreal.
Pratt A Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn.
Standard Tool Co., Oleveiand, O.

Drills, Hand.

A. B. Jardine A Co., Hespeler, Ont.

Drills, Oil Tube.

Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Cleveland
Mors- Twi-t Drill andMachine Co., New
Bedford

Drills, Pneumatic.

Allen, John F.. New Y( rk
Canadian Rand Co , Montreal
Independent Pneumatic Tool Co., Chi-
cago, New York
Mussens Limited, Montreal.
Niles-Bement-Pond Co., New York.

Drills, Portable Electric.

Cincinnati Electrical Tool Co., Cincinnati
United States Electrical Tool Co., Cin-
cinnati.

Drills, Ratchet.

Aikenhead Hardwa e. Ltd, Toronto
Armstrong Bros. Tool Co . Chicago.
The Canadian Fairbanks Co. Montrt'ii'.
Cleveland Twist Drill Co.. Cleveland
Genera' S ipply Co. of I* nada, Ottawa.
A. B. Jardine A Co., Hespeb r
Morse Twist Dril and Machine Co., New

Be I ford
Pratt A Whitney Co.. Hartford, Conn.
Standard Tool Co., Cleveland.

Drills, Rock.

Canadian Rand Drill Co., Montreal.
Jeffrey Mtg. Co., Montrea

66

First Aid to Injured on a Great Canadian Railroad

The System Used in the Angus Shops, Montreal, Giving Full Information
as to the Carrying Out of the Scheme on the C.P.R., with Illustrations.

By S. A. G1DLOW

One of the most popular movements on
the Canadian Pacific Railway, of recent
organization, is that of First Aid to the
Injured, as carried on under the auspices
of the St. John Ambulance Association.

First of all, in order that the reader
may understand the importance and va-
lue of first aid both to employer and
employe it may be well to give a brief
outline showing what "First Aid" really
is ; what its objects are and the results
of proper and improper first aid treat-
ment, and I think the question, "What is
first aid ?" is best answered by stating
what its objects are.

1st. To teach all people, outside of
the medical profession, to render assist
ance to any person suffering accident or
sudden illness until the arrival of the
doctor.

2nd. To teach people what not to do
in case of accident, so that there shall
be no likelihood of a sympathetic but
ignorant public causing unnecessary pain
and suffering through improper treat
ment.

3. That in case of emergency, that is,
bleeding, poisoning, choking or drowning,
a life may not be sacrificed for the want
of a little elementary knowledge on the
part of the bystander.

The following particulars of an acci-
dent which occurred some little time ago
show what terrible harm can be done
by improper first aid treatment :

"A man was knocked down by a

street car causing a simple fracture

of the left thigh bone, that is to

say, the bone only was broken and

none of the parts adjacent thereto,

such as the tissues or artery, wen-
injured or cut. The onlookers, with
the idea of getting the poor fellow
out of the way of passing traffic,
lifted the man to a perpendicular
position with the weight of his body
on the broken leg, thereby caus'ng

Fig. 1. — S. A. Gidlow. General Secretary.

the broken bones to become further
displaced and to pierce the femoral
or main artery of the thigh. As a
result of this well meant action on
the part of the public the man died
from loss of blood in a few minutes.

He was killed by a well meaning but
Ignorant public. Had the driver or
conductor in charge of the street car
in question been instructed in the
elementary principles of first aid,
and made use of such knowledge, the
man would no doubt have been alive
to-day, and the street car company
saved heavy claims for damages.
Compare the above with an accident
which occurred in a machine shop re-
cently, and where proper first aid was
rendered as below :

"A man was caught by machinery
and had his arm so lacerated that
all the muscles were torn off and the
brachial (arm) artery severed. He
would have died of hemorrhage in
a few minutes had it not been for
t he valuable aid afforded by a mem-
ber of a First Aid Corps, who
caught up the artery and controlled
the bleeding by digital pressure until
a tourniquet was procured, which
he placed in position. The man was
then removed to the hospital, where
the arm had to be amputated at the
shoulder. The assistance rendered by
the first aid man was highly spoken
of -by the medical officer of the hos-
pital, as there was no doubt it sav-
ed the other man's life."
'1 hese are only two of hundreds of
cases where life has been lost, or, on the
other hand, saved, depending on the
ability of the bystander to render
proper or improper treatment just
when the accident occurred.

One can readily see from the instances
given above what incalculable benefit

KM

d *

.VdH31

1 '

t

i

•*

•

. ••*■•■* *• t.

3 ■?■

***

Fig. 2— A First Aid Class at the Angus Shops.

29

CANADIAN MACHINERY

first aid is to the railroad employe and
the public generally.

The Need of Instruction.

The success of present day surgery is,
in a great measure, due to the atten-
tion given to simple details in the pre-
paration of the case prior to operation.
Now, if preliminary care means success-
ful operation, why should it not have

have, for some time past, realized the
value of this movement to their em-
ployes and to themselves, as is seen
from the fact that they have a large
and complete organization at their
works in Montreal, both in the car and
locomotive departments, and now every
shop has its quota of ambulance men,
so that no matter in what part of the
works an accident may happen theie you

"T*$

* | •

Fig. 3. — A First Aid Class Composed of Lady Clerks at Angus, the General Secretary, Secre-
tary lor Montreal District C.P-R- and a Boy Patient.

every consideration in the treatment of
accidents constantly happening in all our
works and on the streets t

If an ambulance man, by reason of his
ability to render immediate attention,
can sustain life until such time as med-
ical assistance can be obtained, surely
he is rendering great service, not only
to the medical profession but to the per-
son who suffers accident, also to the
firm for whom he may be working and
whose employe he is aiding. The need-
less suffering caused by the ignorance of
unskilled persons is as undoubted as it
is deplorable. By rough handling, or for
want of the slight knowledge necessary
to enable one to support an injured limb,
very serious consequences may ensue. To
arrest bleeding from an artery is quite
easy, yet thousands of lives have been
lost in the presence of helpless spec-
tators who had not been taught that
little knowledge necessary to enable
them to give intelligent first aid to the
sufferer.

Accidents are of daily occurrence in
all large works, yet, how many of their
employes are capable of rendering first
aid pending the arrival of the doctor.

All the great railroads in the Colonies
(outside of the Dominion) have had many
thousands of their employes instructed
in First Aid to the Injured, which goes
to show that it pays, aside from the
humanitarian standpoint, to have men
around our works who can give imme-
diate assistance in case of accident or
sudden illness.

The Canadian Pacific Railway Centre
of the St. John Ambulance Association,

will find an ambulance man, ready and
willing to give immediate help.

The cost of instruction, and the books
and first aid material necessary, are fur-
nished by the management free of charge.
A lecturer is provided who gives one
lecture per week to the men until the
full course of five lectures has been giv-
en.

The syllabus of instruction is as fol-
lows :

First Lecture.

A. Preliminary remarks, objects of in-
struction, etc.

B. A brief description of the human

skeleton, bones, joints, and the muscular
system.

0, Signs, symptoms and treatment of
fractures, dislocations sprains and
strains.

D. The triangular bandage and its ap-
plication.

Second Lecture.

A. The heart and blood vessels. The
circulation of the blood.

B. The general direction of the main
arteries indicating the points where the
circulation may be arrested by digital
presssure or by the application of the
tourniquet, or by other means.

C. The difference between arterial,
venous and capillary bleeding, and the
various extemporary means of arresting
it.

D. The triangular bandage and its ap-
plication.

The Third Lecture.

A. A brief description of the nervous
system.

B. First aid to persons suffering from
shock or collapse after injury, injury to
the brain, collapse from drink, epilepsy,
fainting, hysteria, sunstroke, electric
shock, effects of lightning, and convul-
sions in children.

C. First aid in cases of frost bite,
burns or scalds, injury by vitriol throw-
ing, wounds, bites of animals, stings of
insects.

D. What to do when the dress catches
fire.

E. The triangular bandage and its
application.

Fourth Lecture.

A. A brief description of the organs
and mechanism of respiration.

B. The immediate treatment of the
apparently drowned, or otherwise suf-
focated. Artificial respiration, treat-
ment for choking.

Fig. «.-Ambulance Instructors Back Row (Left to Righ>)-T. Pattison. Instructor ; T. Pemberton.

Instructor. Front Row (Left to Right)- W. Reid, District Secretary ; S. A. Gidlow,

General Secretary; J. H. Britton, Instructor.

30

CANADIAN MACHINERY

C. First aid to those poisoned.

D. The immediate first aid treatment
of injuries to the internal organs, and
to those suffering from internal hemor-
rhage.

E. Foreign bodies in the eye, ear and
nose.

Fifth Lecture (for Males Only).
A. Improvised methods of lifting and
carrying the sick or injured.

carrying the injured on stretchers, etc.
The reader may not think the placing of
a man on a stretcher of much import-
ance, but it is really a very important
part of the work, as a great deal of
damage may be done in placing a man
on a stretcher.

Before the instructor allows his cla,ss
to go up for final examination they are
expected to answer a series of test ques-

Fig. 5.— Treating a Broken Leg.

B. Methods of lifting and carrying the
sick or injured on stretchers.

C. The conveyance of such by rail or
in country carts.

As soon as ever the lectures are fin-
ished the men are then taken in hand by
one of the company's ambulance instruc-
tors. No man is allowed to give in-
struction in the practical work before
he is himself fully qualified, and before
any such man is fully qualified to act as
instructor he must hold the certificate,
voucher and medallion of the St. John
Ambulance Association, and these hon-
ors can only be obtained after three
years, at least, constant application to
first aid work, during which time he
must attend three courses of lectures
and undergo three examinatios in first
aid, each examination more exacting and
more difficult to pass than the previous
one before he obtains the coveted me-
dallion or full qualifying badge of the
Association, and one year must elapse
between each first aid examination, so
that it is impossible to obtain the me-
dallion under three years.

The class then, as I said before, is
taken in hand by one of the Company's
instructors, whose duty it is to teach
the practical work, such as the proper
application of bandages and splints to
various parts of the body and lifting and

tions and to do the practical work in
connection with them.

Below are a few of the questions tak-
en from each test paper as given prior
to the last examination at the Angus
Works in Mantreal :

First Test.

1. What is first aid to the injured?

2. What are signs and symptoms?

3. What is the history of a case?

4. What is a fracture?

5. How many kinds of fracture are
there 1

(i. Name the different fractures.

7. What color is arterial blood f

8. What color is venous blood?

9. Where is the brachial artery, etc.?

10. Where are the carpus bones, etc.?

Second Test.

1. What are the signs and symptoms
of fracture?

2. How would you treat simple frac-
ture ?

3. What is the first thing to do in
treating complicated fracture?

4. How would you distinguish frac-
ture of the lower jaw?

5. What are the signs of dislocation?

0. How would you treat a dislocation?

7. What are the signs and treatment
of fracture of the ribs?

8. What are varicose veins and how
would you treat them ?

9. What are the signs and treatment
for internal hemorrhage ?

10. What are the general rules for
treatment of insensibility, etc.?

Third Test (Practical).

1. Treat this man for compound frac-
ture of the left humerus.

2. Treat this man for hemorrhage
from the left palmar arch.

3. Man is found lying on left side
with knees and hips bent. There is free
spurting bleeding from wound in right
palm; besides the above injuries (here
are evidences of a ruptured spinal cord
due to a fall of heavy rubbish on the
patient's back. Place on stretcher,
march home and put to bed.

4. This man is suffering from electric
shock and wound on forehead. Place on

Fig. 6. -First Aid Work.

3 '

CANADIAN MACHINERY

stretcher, march to a given point and
unload.

5. A man repairing an electric cable
receives a shock which causes him to lose
his hold and fall from the top of the
pole to the ground. He receives a com-
pound fracture of the right leg with se-
vere hemmorhag-e, fractured ribs and

Work of First Aid.

One thing- strictly impressed on all
ambulance men is. the exact relative
position first aid has to the medi-
cal profession. The ambulance man
is given to clearly understand that
he is not expected, or in a position,
to supplant the doctor, or to treat any

Fig. 7.— Practical Work in First Aid at Angus Shops.

collar bone on left side. Treat him,
place on stretcher, carry home and put
to bed.

6.. This man has broken his right thigh,
you have only one splint. How would
you treat 'him, etc. 7

As soon as the instructor considers
the class ready for examination he makes
his report to the proper quarter and a
medical officer of the Canadian centre of
the St. John Ambulance Association is
appointed to examine the class as, for
obvious reasons, no lecturer is allowed
to examine his own class. After the ex-
amination the men are given one hour
per week in which to meet together for
practice, and are by this means kept up
to a proper state of efficiency, also, al
stated intervals the men are inspected by
a medical officer appointed by the man-
agement so that the company can find
out for themselves if their men ire np
to the mark and able to do the work re-
quired of them.

Ambulance man's report in Connection with ac-
cident at the Angus Locomotive Shops.

Name of person injured

Description of injury

accident to its final solution, for the
simple reason, the work of the ambulance
man ends where the doctor's commences,
that is to say, the duty of the ambulance
man is to prevent personal injury being
made worse by the ignorant but sym-
pathetic attention of his colleagues or
fellow workmen. He would, if neces-
sary, apply splints and bandages, ad-
minister simple remedies, place the suf-
ferer in the most safe and comfortable
position, and await the arrival of the
doctor. In a less serious case he would
give such treatment as was necessary
and convey or send his patient to the
doctor, and there his responsibility ends.
Every accident attended by an am-
bulance man is reported on a form spe-
cially provided for the purpose so that
the management can see for themselves,
by the manner in which the form is

made out, that proper and efficient first
aid is rendered, as it is also a check mi
the material used.

A record is kept showing the value of
each ''First Aider's'7 services to the
company after he has qualified for the
certificate of the association.

As an incentive to employees to ob-
tain the certificate, the management
grant certain privileges. For instance,
other things being equal, the man hold-
ing a first aid certificate has preference
of employment, preference for promotion
ami also granted an extra pass over and
above the usual annual pass and on the
same conditions.

Value of the Classes.

Of course, however much to be de-
sired, it is scarcely to be expected that
everyone should have the time or the
inclination to join such organized bodies
of "First Aiders" as the St. John Am-
bulance Association or the St. John
Ambulance Brigade, but certainly every
person should devote the time to attend
at least one course of lectures, because,

St. 3obn Ambulance Hssociation,

Tlbls la to certlfftfctt a

rrt-tiftratrC pupil, leas iRc«craininco tor tin first tutu
on ./nut lib in tbt month of _ 190 ,

at anD satisBrb tbt iCramuirr.

Xm/ !iV» Stc-n*^

Fig. 10. — Voucher Given to Men Passing Second
Examination.

from the poorest laborer to the presi-
dent, we are all liable to accident and
all are dependent on the same first aid
principles, so that it is easy to realize
the risk we run, one and all, every day
of our lives by reason of the general
ignorance which prevails of the men.-;

How accident was treated

Material used

Signature

Ambulance man.

Supt. Loco Shops.
Note :— The above is to be filled in by the am-
bulance man who renders "First Aid" and sent
to the Office of the Supt. of Angus Loco Shops
as soon as possible after the accident.

Pig. 8. — Form to be Sent In by Ambulance Man
After Attending Personal Injury.

£t. Jfllm ^mtottoncfi Association,

Ubc ©rant* priori? of tbe ©r&er at tbe twspltal of St. 3obn of Jerusalem (n Eiifllano.

patron:
BIB MOST GSACIOOS MAJESTY KINO EDWARD VII, KG

iBovtnigs Hud md Pltroo •( tta Otiul

F rt 9lo«ni I
HIS ROYAL HIQBHESS THE PRINCE OP WALES. KG.

Quad Prist of U» Oriwl.
Diiwlat *f the Ai
lMtlta.lt Dlrvctor mil DcpatT Cbiirai

■ JOHN Pl'lLKT. C H iL.fr

Hjhla ts to certify that

bus attcnutft a ronrsc of Instruction at tbt Centre

of tbr St. 3obn Hmbulance Hssociation, ano is qnalifito to rtn&er " Jirst
Aio to tbe Injnrtd."

ftwlftMV*6MM

St. Jons'i 0»TB, Cxt»«n,w«u^
Luhdoh, E.C

Ueai Urn Steman,

Fig. 9.— First Aid Certificate Issued by Head
32

Office to Men Who Pass the Examinations.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

rudiments of first aid treatment. As
siated previously, every person should
attend, at least, one course of first aid
lectures, and then we should remove for
ever those old time notions which are so
hard to kill:

1st. Children after sustaining a severe
b!ow on the head through a fall, being
kept awake by their mothers for fear
they should die if allowed to sleep.

2nd. Kind peop'e forcing neat brandy
down the throat of an unconscious per-
son.

Fig. 11.— Medallion Given to Those Who, After
Three Years' Work, Pass the Third Exam-
ination.

3rd. Kind people rushing about madly,
and then carrying an unfortunate suffer-
er to the nearest doctor or hospital or
else putting the patient hurriedly into a
hack without any regard to the nature
of the injuries sustained.

4th. Kind people picking up a person
who has had his leg run over by a pass-
ing vehicle, and trying to see if he can
walk, or else dragging or lifting him out
of the road to the pavement apparently
with the idea of making the sufferer feel
more comfortable, by placing him out of
the way of the vehicular traffic.

5th. Kind people standing helpless by
a friend or one of their own family see-
ing the life blood ebbing away.

Every medical man could, from his
own experience give instances where the
want of a little knowledge has led to
increased suffering and subsequent harm
to the injured person, and even to un-
necessary loss of life. Now if there as
one fact more recognized than another
by medical .men, it is this, viz., that the

Fig. 12.— C.P.R. Ambulance Badge Worn by Men
Qualified to Render First Aid.

immediate treatment adopted in the case
of any severely injured person has a
positive influence, and a most -important

bearing upon the progress of the case.
The first aid treatment is given an that
interval which intervenes between the
occurrence of the accident and the ar-
rival of the medical man; that anxious
and trying moment (which most of us
know so well) before the patient can be
taken to the doctor or the doctor brought
to the patient, when we feel that some-
thing should be done, and when that
something is the right thing done, by one
not only qualified, but who is acting un-
der the teaching of the medical man who
will subsequently attend the case, it not
only aids the speedly recovery of the
unfortunati person, but brings a great
sense of rehef to those looking on.

Officers of Angus Shops Association.

Patrons— The Right Hon. Lord' Strath-
cona and Mount Royal, K.C.M.G.; Sir
Thomas Shaughnessy, K.C.V.O.; R. B.
Angus, Esq.

President— D. McNicoll, Esq.

Vice-Presidents— J. W. Leonard, Esq. ;
H. H. Vaughan, Esq.; G. P. Girdwood,
Esq.. M.D., M.R.C.S.. Eng.

Chairman— Major Lacey R. Johnson.
C.A.

General Secretary— S. A. Gidlow, Esq.

COACH WHEEL LATHE TEST.

A large party of railway and machin-
ery men visited the London Machine
Tool Co., Hamilton, to witness a test
on a 42 inch coach wheel lathe, on
Jan. 24. This machine is driven by a
40 h.p. motor, two 6 h.p. motors driv-
ing the tailstocks. During the rough-
ing operation a speed of 22 ft. per
minute was maintained.

The party visited the Berlin Machine
Works, manufacturers of wood-working
machinery. They were then entertai.iad
at luncheon at the Hamilton Club. In
the afternoon the party visited the
Canadian Wcstinghouse and the Hamil-
ton Steel & Iron plants.

Among the visitors were R, Patter-
son, G.T.R., Stratford ; Thos. Trele-
ven, J. H. Phillips, G.T.R., London ;
Wm. Pitts, G.T.R., W. Petersen, C.P.
R., H. Marengo, C.P.R., Montreal ;
W. Flynn, M.C.R., St. Thomas ; C. M.
Murray of Chapman Double Ball Bear-
ing Co., M. R. Ferguson of Crucible
Steel Co. (expert dept.), A. E. Juhler,
G. C. Keith, editor Canadian Machin-
ery, Toronto ; W. J. Press of Mussens,
C. M. Rudel of Rudel-Yeates Co., A.
E. Tyler, Crucible Steel Co., Montreal ;
Mr. Usher, Mr. Adams and J. Christo-
pher of T. H. & B., W. K. Pearce of
Dominion Bank, W. Currie of Hamilton
Steel & Iron ; G. W. Robinson and D.
Ryan of Berlin Machine Works ; -C. H.
Pook and B. Elshoff of Canadian West-
inghouse, Hamilton.

33

INTERNATIONAL STEEL CO.

A company has been incorporated un-
der the Ontario Companies Act to man-
ufacture high-grade steel, such as is
used in making edge tools, for planes,
lathes, drills, cutlery, etc., and for
dental and surgical instruments, which
require a very fine high-grade material.
The company is known as the Interna-
tional Tool Steel Co., capitalized at
$750,000, with its head office in the
Traders Bank Bldg., Toronto. The
directors of the company are John J.
Main, who is vice-president and general
manager of the Poison Iron Works ; J.
E. Murphy, lumberman ; A. F. Mac-
Laren, ex-M.P., who is also director of
the Trusts and Guarantee Co., Manson
Campbell, Chatham, president of the
Chatham Waggon Co., and the Manson
Campbell Co., and W. J. Chapman,
Toronto.

The company has secured 351 acres
of magnetic iron oxide sands in Quebec.
It is intended to locate this plant in
Welland, the ores being transported by-
boat.

The furnace to be used is of special
design used in batteries of ten, each
furnace being capable of producing 400
lbs. in ten hours. The furnace includes
a combined reduction and crucible fur-
nace with an 8-inch melting zone. It
is intended that these furnaces should
furnish power for forge hammers, rolls,
etc.

SOCIETY NEWS.

The regular monthly meeting of the
Central Railway and Engineering Club,
Toronto, was held on Jan. 18, with J.
Duguid in the chair. J. Bannon, chief
engineer, Toronto City Hall, read a paper
<m Tlicinostats and Mechanical Regula-
tions of Heat. A feature of the evening
was the presentation of a past-presi-
dent's jewel to C. A- Jeffries. Friday,
February 25 will be a social evening.

On January 19, the S.P.S. Engineering
Society, Toronto, entertained members
of the Canadian Manufacturers' Associa-
tion at their twenty-first annual banquet.
About 1,000 were in attendance, Louis
Simpson, Ottawa, referring to electric
smelting, reviewed the work of produc-
ing iron from ores and pointed out the
value to Canada of this method of reduc-
tion.

Robert W. Angus, Professor of Me-
chanical Engineering, gave a lecture on
Turbine Pumps, before, the Engineers'
Club, Toronto, on January 20. The lec-
ture, which was given in the New Uni-
versity Hydraulic Laboratory, was il-
lustrated by numerous lantern slides.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

A Neglected Factor in Canada's Industrial Life

The Giving of Fellowships by Manufacturers to Stimulate Re-
search Work will Assist Investigations of Principles Underlying
Specific Industries in the Interests of which they are Working.

In ;\n address delivered to the mem-
bers of the Canadian Manufacturers '
Association on April 25th, 1901, by Pro-
fessor YV. R. Lang, of the University of
Toronto, on the subject of chemistry and
its relation to the arts and manufactures
of the country, he said:

"In discussing a subject such as you have ask-
ed me to bring before you to-night, it is only
possible for me to take up the matter in a gen-
eral way, more with reference to the industries
of Canada, and, at the same time, to consider
how best these industries may be benefited and
developed by the application to them of sound,
general and scientific training. Chemistry may
be defined as the science which deals with the
composition of matter, and, as all industries of
whatever nature involve chemical processes ol
one kind or another, it may salely be said that
no industry can succeed without chemistry."

In closing, the lecturer added :

If the various companies were to combine to
establish a research laboratory, they would have
to place themselves and the problems entirely
in the hands of the chemist whom they appoint-
ed chief, and who might or might not be capa-
ble of bringing their research to a practical is-
sue. Is this not a case in which it is better to
invite chemists at large to take up the re-
search ? Are the chances of finding the right
man for the work not enormously greater in
this way than they would be in any other sys-
tem of selection ?

In order to carry out this idea, then, let me
suggest that when difficulties occur recourse be
had to those whose special training and circum-
stances permit of careful investigation of the
subject. Where no secrecy is required and the
services of the professional man consequently not
called for. why not offer a prize for the satis-
factory solution of the problem ? At our uni-
versities there is always a sprinkling of gra-
duates carrying on original research and who
would be glad of the additional financial incen-
tive to exercise their ingenuity and skill in
clearing up the difficulty. At the same time
they would be benefiting the manufacturer and in-
directly the country while improving their own
qualifications for an appointment in a sphere of
future usefulness.

Daring the nine years that has elap-
sed since the above suggestion was
thrown out practically no response has
come from the manufacturers of Can-
ada; but our neighbors to the south have
acted on similar advice given by another
University of Toronto man. Professor R.
Kennedy Duncan of the University of
Kansas, ami two years ago various (inns
instituted fellowships in the chemical
department of that University, varying
in value from $500 to $1,500 per annum.

The successful candidates for these Eel.
lowships, who are all university grad-
uates that have specialized in chemistry,
hold their appointment for two years
and devote themselves entirelv to the

study and investigation of the principles
underlying the specific industry in the
interests of which they are working.

Subjects Treated.
Some idea of the nature of these in-
dustries may be gathered from the fol-
lowing list of subjects, whose import-
ance in the manufacturing world has
prompted liberal subscriptions for the
elucidation of the many problems met
with in the factory : — Cements, casein,
bread, laundry work, enamels, diatase, the
preservation of wood, borax, boracic
acid, glass — the relation between its
physical properties and it chemical com-
position.

Each fellow must, of course, familiar-
ize himself with the present conditions
of his particular industry. He is in-
formed as to the direction in which pos-
sible improvements may lie, and must
make himself master of the rationale of
each process. Then he tackles the real
problems, with the knowledge of meth-
ods of investigation that his college
training has given him, aided by such
advice as the head of the laboratory can
give him, and anything he may discover,
improve on or invent he conveys to the
firm whose fellowship he holds.

Professor Duncai. has seen, also, that
the interests of the investigation are not
neglected, and the receipt of a percent-
age of the profits from any invention or
improvement encourages the fellow to
further efforts.

So far, the scheme has been highly
successful, and it is safe to say that the
chemist who devotes two years of his
time to investigation of some industry,
with the facilities that a university lab-
oratory gives, must become a valuable
asset to the firm paying the scholarship,
and is more than likely to be given a
responsible position in the firm's works.

To the writer's knowledge, one firm
already has benefited largely from the
work done by its fellow, and an almost
new class of scientific manufacturers
bids fair to result from the institution
of these industrial fellowships.

Would it not be well for some of
our Canadian manufacturers to seriously
consider a similar line of action — work-
ed out with the assistance of the heads
of the chemistry department of our own
universities?

34

SILICON AND MAGNETIC PROP-
SRITIES.

In the Rundschau for Technologic
Kolben states that pure silicon has a
very high electrical resistance in com-
parison with metals, and approximates
in this respect closely to carbon. A
further point of similarity is found in
the effect of warmth on the resist;; nee.
both temperature co-efficients being neg-
ative, whilst those of all metals are posi-
tive. The thermoelectric force between
pure silicon and antimony is more than
thrice as great as that between bismuth
and antimony. The electrical resistance
of iron is heightened by an addition of
silicon, the maximum increase being at-
tained in presence of 4 per cent, of sili-
con. At the same time, this alloy ex-
hibits the valuable property that the
resistance is practically independent on
temperature, so that the alloy is ex-
cellently adapted for the construction of
resistances. As regards the question of
magnetic losses, so important in the con-
struction of transformers, iron with
about 3.5 per cent, of silicon gives about
the same loss by hysteresis as slightly
silicised iron; but the losses by vortical
currents are far smaller, owing to the
high electrical resistance.

LECTURES ON GRINDING.
Those interested in the subject
of grinding, and living in Mont-
real and Toronto, will be given
an opportunity of hearing two
experts on this subject at the fol-
lowing places: —

Technical High School,
Montreal, February 8th; En-
gineering Building, McGill
University, Montreal, on Feb.
9th and 10th; at University
of Toronto on Feb. 11th.
The lecturers will be C. H. Nor-
ton, of the Norton Grinding Co.,
and E. W. Dodge, of the Norton
Co., both of Worcester, Mass.

Mr. Norton will talk on ' ' Cylin-
drical Grinding," and as there is
probably no man on this contin-
ent better posted on this subject,
this will undoubtedly be a most
interesting talk.

Mr. Norton will explain the
manufacture and uses of grinding
wheels; the origin and process of
manufacture of the abrasive ma-
terials and various styles of ma-
chines.

These talks will be illustrated
by upwards of one hundred lan-
tern slides and cover the subject
thoroughly.

The Design of Bevel Gears with Shafts at Right Angles

The Design and Manufacture of Gears, whether Spur, Bevel or Spiral,
Giving Information and Tables of Great Use to Mechanical Men.

In this article and the one to follow,
it is the intention to introduce a method
for the calculation of all bevel gears,
mitre gears, bevel gears with shafts at
right angles, and bevel gears with shafts
at acute and obtuse angles. In
part I. I shall deal with shafts
at right angles, and will introduce first
a table of tooth formulae, the careful

Kig. 1. — 90 Degree Bevel Gear.

consideration of which enters largely
into the successful design of all gears
whether spur, bevel, or spiral.

. Table of "Tooth FormulA4

N -. number of
P" diametral pilch

P-JX

N-BP
P-*f*

D-ptrch a\omcfr. D- H.s B-U B-p.N.3,,,

a — riAiAw - 7 rvorAmy oepih of loath. o-^

c — cJearonte al bottom of hootfi. c-^ c- ^p

/ -full depth of fooih. f-(to)t c f-^M

I — m'M of loom on pitch rre'e. f- "f for cor near.

t-Mv «-«

These formulae have been compiled
from standard authorities and represent
the relative proportions which exist be-
tween the diametral pitch, number of
teeth, pitch diameter, circular pitch, ad-
dendum, etc., the diametral pitch being
the number of teeth to each inch of pitch
diameter. The pitch diameter is the
diameter of the pitch circle, which is al-
ways described through the centre of
the working depth of teeth. In bevel
gears, it will be found on the edge line
or upper slant of teeth, and on it is
measured the circular pitch, or distance
from the centre of one tooth, to the
centre of the tooth adjoining. The ad-
dendum is equal to the addenda; and is
always one-half the working depth of
tooth. The diameter of blank is readily
found in spur gears, by adding the work-
ink depth of tooth or twice the adden-
dum, to the pitch diameter, but in bevel
gears il must be calculated as the fol-
lowing diagram, Pig 2, indicates, since
the calculated dimensions of teeth are
on the edge line.

By G. D. MILLS.

In the right hand corner of Fig. 2 will
be found a small right triangle, which
has for its hypothenuse the addendum
and its corner angle is equal to the
centre angle, or angle of edge. The base
of this triangle is the distance which
must be added to the pitch diameter on
each side of the gear, in order to deter-
mine the diameter of blank, and from
which is derived the formulae 0, and 03.

Fig 2 contains all the angles and di-
mensions which are necessary to proper-
ly prepare the blanks, and cut the teeth
of bevel gears. If a pair of bevel gears
are both of the same size they are said
to be mitre gears; and the calculations of
one serve for both, since the speed of
the shaft is neither increased nor de-
creased, but simply transmitted at right
angles. If, however, it is necessary to
increase or decrease the speed in one
of the wheels, it is evident the gears
will have unequal dimensions and both
wheels must be calculated. Before going
into the actual operation of calculating,
I shall enter into a brief explanation
of the angles, etc., in Fig. 2 and the pur-
pose they serve.

The angle included between the centre
line of shaft, and a line drawn through
the centre of the working depth of tooth,
is the centre angle, and being first in
importance its tangent may be readily
determined by dividing the half pitch
diameter of one gear, by the half pitch
diameter of its mate, when shafts are
at right angles. In the formulae which
follow, however, I have substituted the
number of teeth since they bear equal
proportions to the pitch diameters, thus
securing round numbers in calculating.

J— L

Kig. 2. — Illustrating Tooth Formulae.

The angle of edge is equal to the cent re
WJgle, since the edge line or upper slant
of teeth is at right angles with centre
line of teeth. The angle of small tri-
angle in right hand corner is also equal

35

to the angle of edge, all three being
found with one operation.

The angle increment or angle of the
addendum is next to be determined. Its
tangent could be found by dividing the
addendum by length of centre line of
teeth, which length is first found by di-
viding the half pitch diameter of wheel
by sine of centre angle. However, a
shorter method is to be had in the form-
sine C

ula tangent A= which gives the

i N2
same result. These two angles, the
centre angle and the angle increment are
the onlv angles which require calcula-
tion in bevel gears with shafts at right
angles, as all the other angles are readily
determined from them.

The cutting angle of gear is found by
deducting the angle increment from the
centre angle of gear, and the cutting
angle of gear is the angle of blank of
pinion, while the cutting angle of pinion
is the angle of blank gear.

In the manufacture of bevel gears it
is first necessary to determine the diam-
eter and angles of blanks that they may
be turned correctly, after which we are
ready. to cut the teeth and unless the cut-
ting angle is correct and the machine set
true we shall have half a tooth at the last
cut, which is a loss of time and material.
It is also important to select correct
cutters, and in the list of formulae fol-
lowing will.be found two which are pre-
pared for this purpose.

Selection of Tooth.
In the selection of a tooth form the
involute or single curve tooth is now al-
most universally used for bevel gears,
in place of the cycloidal or double curve
tooth and it may be well to also state
that the number of teeth and diametral
pitch or the pitch diameters, must be
selected in the design of a pair of bevel
geais, which selection is largely influ-
enced by the existing conditions. In
ordinary machine 'design the available
space is a large factor from which we
may determine the pitch diameters. The
numher of teeth in each wheel is deter-
mined by the speed ratio required. If
the wheel driven is to have :t revolu-
tions to one of the driver," the number
of teeth could be 30 and 10. 36 and 12,
24 and 8, etc. Following, are three form-
'ae from table of tooth formulae- which

CANADIAN MACHINERY

aiil materially in determining the num-
ber of teeth and diametral pitch :

N N

N=DP P=— Dfc=— .

D P

Let us design a pair of bevel gears

from which we shall proceed to calculate
the balance of tooth dimensions.

The circular pitch

:U416 3.1416

= = =.7854". The adden-

P 4

dam is readily found by the formula

1 1

s=— -=— =.25 ". The width of tooth is

P 4
found by the formula

p .7854
t= — = =.3927". Clearance is

2 2

t .3927"
(.=_^ =.039" and the full depth

10 10
of tooth=(2.s)+c=(2x.25)-|-.039=.539
in. The foregoing: will be found noted on

t

Fig. 3.— Pair of Bevel Gears, Shafts at Right
Angles.

with shafts at right angles. Fig. 3 is a
gear and pinion, and following are a
list of formulae necessary for their cal-
culation, the angles and dimensions are
lettered for convenience.

Example.

Table of Formulas for so' Shafts.

G—cenlee onole of aeor — o.^le of eJoe of aeor H, tonG^X G-Slf-C

c- . . . r'.,i»- . . . f,;,„,„H€ *n.c.& c-ifs

A— untie increment ton A ~ (J$L\ tonA-^jf

£— evt/mf oriole of oeoe — anale el elan* of oimoei E-G-A
£/- # ... jniuen — • . aeor tf 1>A

8— (melt of blonK of aeor — coH.no onele of p.n.en 8-Sv'-(GfA)

B- . . ... ,,,„,.,.- . . . „,„ q-mr-fc+A)

Q—tionteter ef Ion' Ot aeor q-(£ S eon G)t Dt

Q- . .-• p-'f." . . G-{eo ee> C)t Df

thephm o- 're'l. le teteet C.-.V. for Geo. - 7^

■ «»"-^f

W — n-mktf of trrth ,n arc . . . .•*<■ >j*/. of *<tofh fori'iirl-ir.

D— mrlcA Jrantttn el -/tar. ...... i . . . .

4- • - • r—

In the design of a machine, we have
an available space of 10 inches, and have
decided to use 8 inches as the pitch
diameter of gear, and as the speed ratio
is to be 2 to 1 we shall select 32 and 16
teeth.

The diametral pitch may at once be
determined by the tooth formula

N 32

P= — or P= — =4 and our pitch di-

D 8

ameter of pinion found by the formula

N 16

D= — or D= — =4 inches our gears will

P 4

therefore be 32 and 16th teeth, 4 pitch

* V| ,,.. . . ...J

Fig. 4. — Bevel Gears, Finding the Diameters.

Fig. 3. and we shall proceed to calculate
the angles.

The tangent of centre angle of gear
N, 32
or tangent G.= — = — =2.

N, 16
and its angle is 63°— 26\=H, the centre
angle of pinion or C=90 — G=90°— 63"
— 26 =26°— 34=H2. The tangent of the
angle increment is found by the form-
sine c .4472

ula tangent A= = =.0559

I N2 8

and its angle is 3°— 12'. The cutting
angle of gear which is the angle of
blank of pinion is found by deducting
the angle increment from centre angle
of gear or E,=G— A=63°— 26'— 3°— 12*
=60°— 14=B2. The cutting angle of
pinion which is the ang'e of blank of
gear is found in the same way or E,=C
— A=26 — 341— 3°— 12 =23° — 221 = B,.
These angles will be found noted in their
proper place on Fig. 3.

We have yet to determine the diam-
eter of blanks and size cutters to use.
as these formulae are calculated with
cosine ft and cosine C. We have been
obliged to leave them until the angles
were calculated. The diameter of blank
of gear will be found by the formula 0,
=(2.s cos G)+D,=(2X.25"X-4472) +
8"=8.224 in., and the diameter of blank
of pinion 0,=(2.s. cos C) +D2= (2X
.25X-8944") + 4 "=4.447 inches. With
respect to the cutters, the number of
teeth to select cutter for gear
N, 32

= = =18 teeth or an

Cos, G .4472
volute 4-pitch bevel gear cutter, which
will cut 72 teeth, and the number of
36

teeth to seleel cutter tor pinion

N2 16

= = =18 teeth or on

Cos, C .8944
involute 4 pitch bevel gear cutter which
will cut 18 teeth. It is evident that two
cutters will be required to cut these
wheels, as gear cutters are usually ar-
ranged in sizes, and each size has a
certain range of teeth to cover. The
calculated numbers of teeth, are the
numbers of teeth of an equivalent spur
gear and pinion having the same profile.
One cutter will often do for both wheels,
but the formulae readily determine this.
These quantities have been noted on Fig.
3. which practically completes the cal-
culations. The size of hub will, of
course, be goverened by the diameter of
shaft it is to be fastened to, and the
length of teeth is largely influenced by
the power on shaft and particular pur-
pose of the gears.

Machining Blanks.

If we are to have correct, smooth, and
easy running gears, we must provide cor-
rectly turned blanks. A method to fa-
cilitate the turning of blanks, may be
briefly described as follows. After the
disc is turned to conform to the diameter
of blank, we are ready to turn the lower
slant or face of teeth. In order to de-
termine how much metal to remove, we
must define the end of teeth on bottom
of disc by a circle, which can be scribed
by the compasses, and its diameter found
as in the following diagram Fig. 4.

The diameter of circle should be cal-
culated to insure greater accuracy, also
the height; if we decide to make length
of teeth li inches, the diameter of scrib-
ed eircle=0— (2. J" cos B1)=8.224"
— (2Xli"X-918)=5-929 inches and
our height=U" sin B,=lJ"X-3966
=.496 inches. This distance should
be laid off on the side of disc
from bottom and a line scribed all
around the blank to define it, and after
the circle is scribed on the bottom we
have two lines to turn to. This opera-
tion completed we are ready to try the
angle with a protractor, which is il-
lustrated in Fig. 5.

Fig. 5.— Trying Angle With Protractor.

If the slant conforms tc angle B, we
may proceed to cut the edge line or top
slant of teeth, and shall have a similar
diagram to the one before (Fig. 4) ex-
cept it is reversed. The angle of top
slant is the angle of edge H„ or centre

CANADIAN MACHINERY

angle, and the length of edge line is tin*
full depth of tooth .539 inches plus suffi-
cient margin to insure proper strength
to the wheel. We shall call the full
length of edge line, one inch in this case,
ami calculate diameter of top circle to
turn to, which equals 0t — (2X1XCCS H,)
=8.224"— (2X1X-4472) = 7.33 inches,
and our height is ! "Xsin H1=1"X
.894=.894 inch. After the operation of
turning the edge line is completed, we
are ready to try the angle with a pro-
tractor, which is illustrated in Fig. 6.

This slant should conform to the angle
of edge or angle H„ after which we are
ready to cut the teeth. This operation
may be performed with an automatic
gear cutter, or a milling machine. The

cut ting angles as calculated are correct
for both machines. We have, however,
neglected to properly proportion our
disc, which is the starting point of our

Fig. 6.— Trying Angle With Protractor.

turning operations. These preceding
calculations are necessary to determine
its thickness, which is the sum of the
two heights, as calculated, .496 "4-.894 "

=1.99 inches for the gear, providing the
wheel is to have no hub. If a hub is
required, we must add its height to 1.39
inches. The diameter of disc is the di-
ameter of blank 8.224 inches. These
turning operations may be reversed, and
the top slant turned first, if such a
course seems desirable, also the included
angle of the finished blank is readily
found by adding together angles II and
B.

In article 2. which is to follow, will
be described a method for the calcula-
tion of all bevel gears other than those
with shafts at right angles, or bevel
gears with shafts of acute and obtnse
angles.

A Great Saving Effected by the Use of the Disc Grinder

Figures Given Herewith by the Gardner Machine Co., Beloit, Wis.,
Show Great Savings in the Auto, Marine and Stationary Motor Industry

The Disc Grinder has found an in- parts being finished on a No. C Gardner
creased usefulness in the auto, marine Grinder.

Fig. 1.— Grinding Jacket Plates, Showing Special Jig.

and stationary motor industry, whereby Fig. 1 shows a jacket plate being

the time of accomplishing certain work ground. Each piece was finished in 2J

has been considerably reduced. In most minutes. A special jig was used to
work (he grinder is used in conjunction

Fig. 3.— Grinding Exhaust Connections

with a planer, shaper or lathe, but the
time given for the parts mentioned in
thil article is for grinding alone, the

hold the jacket-plate during the opera-
tion. Fig. 1 gives an idea of the belt
power and the heavy type grinder, equip-
ped with 23-inch disc wheels and lever
feed table.

Fig 2 shows the arrangement for
grinding cylinder covers, which required
only 11 minutes each. Fig, 3 shows the

pig, 4.— Grinding Intake Manifolds.

37

Fig. 2. — Grinding Cylinder Covers.

guilder equipped for exhauM connec-
tions, which were ground at the rale of
IS minutes cffeh.

Fig 4 shows the grinding of intake
manifolds at the rale of ■'(.] minutes each.
This time includes grinding the large area
and the single flange at a given angle,
Completing it in the lime mentioned.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The grinding of pump-cases is shown
in Fig. 5. The time required is 2 min-
utes each, which includes grinding large
are:; and the bracket area parallel.

The pieces shown in Fig. 6 are univer-
sal joints. The grinding operation takes

Fig. 5. — Grinding i'ump Cases.

1 1 minutes each. These pieces are malle-
able iron castings, about (i inches in di-
ameter.

In addition to the operations mention-
ed there are a great many more in the
engine factory lo which a modern disc
grinder is adapted, flange seats, push
i ods. cams, piston rings, thrust collars,
(rank cases, gear cases, manifolds, coup-
lings, etc. The adoption of the grinder
has assisted in producing a greater out-
put with an equal or superior finish.

F. W. Cowic is giving a course of
lectures at McCiill University on Har-

l)i)i Engineering. The course includes
instruction in the building of docks
and wharves, the preparation of ap-
proaches, and all the general features
of port development .

Electric Lifting Magnet Now in Use in Canada

Magnets are Now Used in the Canadian Locomotive Works, Kingston, and in
the Angus Shops, Montreal — Used for Lifting Plates, Pig, Iron, Scrap, etc.

The magnet that boys of yesterday
used for a toy to-day as men they are
employing as a useful instrument in
their workshops. Within the last few
years particularly, it is being adapted

to six at a time, one under the other,
the number depending upon their thick-
ness. These may be dropped by the
magnet one at a time at the desire of

the operator provided he is clever in

Fig. 1. — Front View.

to handle main shapes of metal, all
forms of iron and steel, from iron dust
to scraps, or small junk to weights of
20,000 pounds. In fact, the world's
largest magnet will lift as much as 50,-
000 pounds.

The magnet is employed to break u|>
imperfect castings, to hold sheets of
metal in position while they are being
riveted in the building of ships, to lift
a "sou and pis>;s" at the furnaces, also

Pig.

adjusting the switch at precisely the
right intervals.

Canadian Lccomoti;e Works.

Probably the first instalation made in
Canada was that at the Canadian
Locomotive Works, Kingston, where a
maget was delivered by the Browning
Engineering Co.. Cleveland, on March.
13, 1908.

This instalation includes a standard
No. 8, Browning Locomotive Crane.
which i- designed to carrj a 7j or in

Magnet Handling Ifacninc Scrap.

as a gigantic broom to sweep both the
large and small pieces of iron, and in
numerous other ways.

The flat style of magnet is available
lot picking up metal sheets, from two

3«

h.p. steam generating set to operate
our lift magnets. For this purpose it
is equipped with extra large boiler, M
in. diamter and 8 foot 6 inches high.
with corresponding increase in water

CANADIAN MACHINERY

and coal capacity. Coalbunker holds 1
ton of coal. Watertank holds 300 gal-
lons, and engines have 8 by 10 inch
cylinders.

Fig. 1 shows a front view of the
magnet beside a new C. N. R. locomo-
tive which is being tested. Fig. 2
shows a side view of the crane. When
used on a locomotive crane the current
for operating the magnet may be
brought from an outside source, using
flexible cable or other convenient means
to connect to the magnet controller, so
as to allow the crane to perform all
its functions freely, or it may be gen-
erated on the crane itself by a steam
driven generator set.

Angus Shops Instalation.

An instalation of an electro-magnet
and crane was made at the Angus
Shops, Montreal, early in 1909, many-
uses being there found for it, loading
scrap, unloading pig iron, etc. It also
was made by the Browning Engineer-
ing Co., Cleveland. It is found to do
the work cheaply and efficiently. Fig.
:? shows the electro-magnet handling

scrap. •

Description of Magnet.

The frame of the magnet is of open
health steel of special analysis and
treatment suitable for electric magnet
use. The top of the frame is deeply
corrugated to provide radiating surface.
The outer ring and inner pole are made
of the same special steel as the frame,
and are so designed as to be easily and
cheaply replaced when worn. The inner
faces of the magnet frame and ring are
machined to exact dimensions so that
the t-oils fit closely, and the heat, gen-
erated in the coil is quickly transmitted
to the metal on every side.

The coils are wound with copper wire
which is covered with special fire-proof
non-absorbent insulating material The
coil is a homogeneous cushion having
the requisite number of turns of wire
imbedded in it at uniform spaces from
each other. The coils are made of such
size as to completely fill the space in
the frame and when the several parts
of the magnet are bolted together are
tightly clamped in place.

Two coils are used in standard mag-
nets which are connected in series for
220 volt circuit, but which may be con-
nected in parallel and used on circuits

f 111) volts. For 500 or 550 volts
special coils are furnished.

HOW BILLY CENTRED SHAFTS.

.Mr. William Collis, affectionately
known amongst the boys as "Billy,"
was the foreman of the turning shop
some twenty years or so ago. He was
a working foreman too — not one of the
kind who was afraid to dirty his hands
—and to fill in his time between Mon-
day morning and Saturday noon, when
he was not giving out work or looking

after his men he ran the shafting lathe
— or rather the shafting lathe ran itself
even when he was looking after the men,
or when he was dozing on the top of
his tool-chest, for in that shop there
was no tool-room and each man kept
his own special fancies in the way of

fM

Fig. 1. — "Now Billy's Method of Centering
Shafts was Primitive."

tools, etc., under lock and key- High-
speed steel was in the dim and distant
future, and a cut over a shaft lasted a
long time.

Now Billy's method of centreing was
as primitive as could be, the usual
tools consisting of a centre punch and
hammer only. A square centre was
used sometimes, but this gave trouble
in changing centres, putting something
in the tool-post to press the shaft, and
other little worries which could be
avoided ; therefore, by placing the centre
punch where he guessed the centre of
the shaft should be, and hitting it sev-
eral good smart blows the thing was
done — except, of course, when he had
miscalculated as to the exact position
of the centre. It was then necessary to
try the shaft in the lathe, and if too
much eccentricity was found he would
mark the "high side" with chalk, re-
move the shaft and "draw" the centre
by means of the punch, the shaft being
swung in and out of the lathe by means
of pulley blocks.

Fig. 2.— '"Our Ilegret is that we Don't Know the
Tool-Smith who Forged that Centre-Punch and
tne Concern that Made the Hammer."

His assistant on the operation was
generally one of the newer lads knock-
ing around, and for the particular shaft
in the story the services of Harry had
been secured. Now Harry's sense of
humor (?) was strongly developed, and
he hated this particular job just as
much as he was afraid of Billy, hut his
love of a joke overcame his fears one

39

day, and here is the story as told in
Machinery :

Billy had made a particularly bad
guess as to the position of the centre of
the shaft and had followed his usual
practice up to the point of swinging the
shaft out of the lathe, when he was
called away to attend to some other
duty. As Harry lolled around waiting
for the work to proceed again, the little
chalk mark persistently stared him in
the face in such a manner that finally
an idea struck him, that it would be
funny if he rubbed it out and placed
another on the opposite side. Of course,
as in most things of importance, the
main tiling was to have the idea, the
rest was easy and was soon accomplish-
ed. It was too good a joke to be en-
joyed alone and several others soon
knew what had been done, amongst
them loing one of Billy's own particular
cronies. Billy returned soon afterwards,
and resuming operations, drew the
centre towards the mark. His surprise
.was very pronounced when he saw the
result of his latest efforts and the re
marks he made about shafts in general
and this one in particular are unprint-
able, but he fairly lost his temper when
caught sight of someone smiling, ap-
parently at him.

Boor Harry wanted to laugh, too,
but dared not, so offered what consola-
tion he thought would meet the case,
suggesting that Billy had perhaps made
a mistake, and should have drawn the
centre away from the mark, but Billy
said he might do that when he started
his second appreticeship and knew no
better. From his manner towards his
assistant the next day it was clear he
had learned over night what had oc-
curred, but he was not vindictive, and
afterward enjoyed the joke as much as
anyone.

How Billy Didn't Centre Shafts.
This startling sketch, Fig. 2, illus-
trates an amateur artist's weird con
ception of a shafting lathe and a ma-
chinist's way of handling centreing
tools. He was asked to make a draw-
ing for "How Billy Centred Shafts" and
the result exceeded our wildest expecta-
tions. We are impressed particularly
with the lathe legs. How well they
don't harmonize with modern ideas of
machine design ; they appear to us to
belong to the !• lldog type of architec-
ture ! Note tne "patent" head-stock
and the "unpatent" foot-stock, and the
doleful expression of the cub, who can't
-for his life see how to swing an eight-
foot shaft between five-foot centres.
The carriage is a gem — but why proceed
further 1 The makers are unknown and
we don't care. Our regret is that we
don't know the toolsmith who forged
that centre-punch and the concern that
made the hammer.

An Effecting of Savings by Studying Steel Heating Costs

A Review of the Most Economical Methods (or Heating Steel in
the Manufacturer's Plant, Giving Tables of Costs of Various Systems

By W. ALMON HARE, B. A. Sc.

Producer Gas.

Producer gas from soft coal finds its
>peeial field in regenerative furnaces for
re-heating billets and slabs for the finish-
ing mills and for the soaking pits of the
blooming mill.

Although some installations have been

made in which a number of different
sizes of small furnaces have to be heat-
ed, the system has many drawbacks and
in such instances has no advantages over
direct fired coal, either on the ground
• if economy or output.

To those who consider the matter im-
partially, this conclusion is at once seen
to be correct. In the first place with the
bituminous coal producer, the same fuel
is burned as is required when the fur-
naces are fired direct by mechanical
stokers. It is evident that whatever
losses occur in the producer are entirely
lost by the system and that the gases
arriving at the furnaces are poorer by
this amount. In the case of direct fir-
ing by mechanical means the heat units
in the coal are all liberated in the fire
box of the furnace.

From a theoretical standpoint the
losses in the furnace itself arising from
radiation, stack gases, chemical re-
actions, etc, represent an enormous pro-
portion of the heat units delivered in
the coal, but these losses do not differ
very much if at all with the different
methods of heating, and within certain
limitations, cannot be very much re-
duced. The losses which occur in the
producer are very much greater than
those occurring in the fire box — and in
this way the ultimate economy will be
higher with direct fired coal than with
<ras producers.

Prof. J. W. Richards, of Lehigh Uni-
versity, has made a very extended in-
vestigation into the bituminous coal gas
producer, and in a paper written by him
on the subject gives the following as the
losses which take place.

In the Nov. 1909 issue-, Mr. Hiiro gave tables
of the various systems and fuels. Tables of costs
were also given comparing the cost of heating
steel by stoker fired coal furnaces and natural
-;as furnaces.

In an early issue Mr. Jacobs of the Krancis
Hyde Co.. Montreal, will give an article with
tests on steel heating and will discuss costs of
operating.

B.t.u. P.C.

Lost by carbon in ash 284.05 2.17

Lost by Radiation and Conduction 659.81 5.07
Lost by Sensible Heat in Hot Gas-
es and Steam 1.866.73 14.35

Total Heat Lost in Producer 2.810.59 21.59

Calorific Value of Gas Produced.. .10,189.41 78.41

Calorific Value of one tb. of Coal 13,000.00 100.00

By tlie above it will be seen thai there
is a direct loss of 21.6 per cent, in t ho
producer itself, and this loss cannot
by any present means he prevented,
hence the coal consumption per ton of
steel will be 27.5 per cent, higher than
with direct mechanical firing.

In large plants this loss is partly over-
come by the use of regenerative cham-
bers for heating the air and by the
greater distribution of the flame, but
in moderate sized furnaces these feat-
ures offer nothing to offset the loss of
heat in the producer itself, and as a re-
sult much better economy can be seemed
by firing the coal direct, and especially
if automatic stokers are used.

Tn large plants, where one or two pro-
ducers are supplying gas to a number of
furnaces, fairly good results can be ob-
tained with all furnaces in operation,
but in times of depression when sonic of
the furnaces are out of commission, the
coal consumption per ton of steel heated
on the remaining furnaces is much in-
creased, and when the amount of gas
reqired is very much below the capacity
of the producers, the coal consumption
is prohibitive. It will be noticed that
this increase in coal consumption takes
place at times when the management are
most desirous of reducing operating
costs, and therefore this system is very
disadvantageous on that account.

Anthracite Coal.

This fuel possesses one advantage in
that it is smokeless and also in the fact
that the design of the furnaces does not
involve anything very difficult, but apart
from these points there is nothing to
Commend it, for at the prices now being
paid for hard coal, the cost of operation
is very high. Usually I lie type of fur-
nace adopted for this fuel would eon.
sist of a flat grate with a closed ash pit,
bricked up at the sides, and with a roof
sprung across. The steel bars to be
heated are laid on the lire and are heal-
ed in this way. The coal burned per
ton of steel varies very much in differ-
40

ent plants, principally due to the nature
of the work in hand and the output of
the furnace. It is not unusual to find a
coal consumption of 600 to 800 lbs. per
Ion of steel which with coal costing $.">
per Ion, means a fuel cost per ton of
steel of from $1.50 to $2.

With furnaces burning soft slack coal
and mechanically fired, very much lower
cosls are obtained, as will be seen from
I he figures given below.

Tests of a track bolt furnace burning
bituminous slack coal, and fired auto-
matically by an American mechanical
stoker.

No. 1 No. 2 So
Total weight of steel heated.

lbs 7.500 8.000 10.200

Total weight of coal burned,

lbs 1.445 1.590 1,875

Pounds of coal per ton ol steel

heated, lbs 386 398 370

Cost of slack coal per ton ?3.60 3.60 3.60

Fuel cost per ton of steel $0.69 0.72 0.67

Average of three days run $0.69

The hard coal furnaces operating in
the above plant will not average better
than 700 lbs. of coal per ton of steel.
and witli hard coal at $5 per ton, fuel
cost per ton of steel would be $1.75.
The saving due to the change is, there-
fore, $1.06 per ton of steel or 60 per
cent. In addition to the reduction of
cost, the output has been very much in-
creased as the operator does not have
to wait for the steel to heat up, and with
the stoker the fire can be forced if de-
sired.

Crude or Fuel Oil.

Much has been said or written regard-
ing the advantages of liquid fuel, but
after all the final test is cost of heating
a ton of steei and while it is quite true
that fuel oil will show a considerable
reduction in cost over other fuels in
some instances, it cannot be said that
this is to he taken as being true for all
classes of heating.

It is not to he denied that for certain
operations in railroad or other shops
where il is necessary to carry the heat
to (he work, that the portable oil fur-
naces is by a long way the most desir-
able, hul in these eases, the actual cost
of the fuel is completely overshadowed
by olher practical considerations. For
such work as tool tempering, especially
in very small furnaces, no fuel, unless
il be gas, can be used with the Same

cleanliness and complete control as fuel
oil. hut where a large oiifpur is required

CANADIAN MACHINERY

aggregating over 1,000 lbs. uf stee' per
day, a properly designed slack coal
furnace mechanically fired will show
much lower costs of operation.

The reason for this is due entirely
In the high cost of the oil, for in the dis-
tribution of the heat units in the furnace

Une dollar's worth of oil at 4 cents per
Imperial gallon, will generate 3,950,000
B.t.u., taking the sp. gr. at .79, and the
calorific value at 20,000 B.t.u. per lb. The
ratio, therefore, of coal to oil in ln.it
units for t he same cost is as 2.42 to 1.
In the test given below i< will be not-

Carriage Axle Furnace

ami the efficiency of (he furnace itself
apart from the source of beat, oil or gas
will operate the furnace more econ-
omically than by any solid fuel. By
this is meant that, owing to the less
volume of air passing through the fur-
nace and consequently the nearer ap-
proach to exact theoretical requirements,
the higher the furnace temperature will
be for the same number of British ther-
mal units liberated, and as a further
result, less waste will be passing up the
slack. Notwithstanding this advantage.
the final result of a trial between oil
and soft slack coal, stoker fired, is very
much in favor of the coal. Taken on a
basis of B.t.u. purchasable for #1, the
difference is considerable. Soft slack
coal having the following analysis can
be purchased for $3 a ton (2,000 lbs.)
and is known as Pittsburg gas slack:

Carbon

Volatile Matter
Ash

. 62.64 p.c.
31.09 p.c.
6.41 p.c.

100.14 p.c.

Sulphur 1.00 p.c.

Calorific value 14.468 B.t.u.

One dollar's worth of this coal will
when burned, generate 9,650,156 B.t.u.

iced that the coal furnace burning slack
at $3 per ton. heated 1,274 lbs. of steel
for one. dollar, while the oil furnace
burning oil at 4Jc per Imperial gallon,
heated 579 lbs. for the same cost, or in
the ratio of 2.2 to 1.

In both tests the economy was very
poor, but they are both from the same
furnace, being taken before and after
a change of fuels.

Test of a nut furnace fired by oil and
afterwards changed to stoker firing,
burning soft slack coal:
•Jut Furnace Coal Oil

Output per day of nuts, lbs 2.460 2,316

Output per day of nuts, tons... 1.23 1.156
Inc. of coal tnce over oil, rbs — 144
Inc. of coal fnce over oil, p.c. 6.3
Cost of fuel per ton or per gal. $3.00 10.045
Quantity of fuel burned per day

lbs. and gals 1.333 90

Cost of fuel per day $2.00 $4.05

Fuel burned per ton of steel

heated, lbs. or gallons 1.093 77.8

Cost of fuel burned per ton of

steel heated $1.57 $3.49

Labor for handling coal and
ashes, one man for 4 furnaces
at $1.40 per day, cost per day

per furnace $0.35

Total cost labor and fuel per

day $2.35 4.05

41

Additional fixed charges on
stoker furnace In Interest
and depreciation per day.... 0.18

Total coBt of fuel, labor and

fixed charges per day $2.53 $4.05

Total ditto per ton of output... $2.05 $3.50

Relative cost of coal and oil... 58 p.c. 100 p.c.

Saving per annum of 300 days

in favor of the stoker fnce. $456.00

Weight of steel heated for one

dollar, fuel only. lbs 1,274 579

Ratio of coal and oil In out-
put at same cost 220 100

In a recent test, conducted in one of
the largest plants in Pennsylvania, a
coal furnace fitted with a No. 5 stoker,
averaged during 3 days a daily output
of 11,400 lbs. of steel with a coal con-
sumption of 288 lbs. of slack coal per
ton of steel. This coal would cost in
that location about $1.50 per ton. With
fuel oil at 3J cents per gallon, an oil
furnace would have to heat one ton of
steel with a consumption of 6.1 gallons,
in order to show the same fuel cost per
inn as with coal, i.e. 21.6 cents.

In Ontario, where the coal will cost
$2.75 per ton, and the oil 4J cents a
gallon, the. oil consumption per ton of
steel would have to be as low as 8.8
gallons in order to equal the fuel cost
with coal, or 39.6 cents per ton of steel

Taking everything into consideration,
the oil system has a number of advan-
tages over coal, such as the ability to
get up the heat without extra labor, no
handling of coal and ashes, etc., but
when this is all considered, and every-
thing accounted for, the cost of heat-
ing large quantities of steel will be
higher than with a properly proportion-
ed coal furnace, fired automatically by
a mechanical stoker.

Bituminous Stoker Furnaces.

The reverberatory furnace fired by
hand with lump coal ds perhaps one of
the most popular type of furnace in
use to-day, especially in the larger units,
such as are used for billets, axles,
slabs, etc. It possesses the advantage
of being self-contained and not depen-
dent on the operation of any other part
of the plant, with the exception of the
forced blast blower, and unlike the gas
fired furnaces the economy is not in-
fluenced by the number of furnaces in
operation.

By hand firing, however, the best re-
sult is not obtained from the coal,
though it was only within the last few
years that furnaces of this type could
be automatically fired by mechan-
ical stokers, as it required a great deal
of experimenting to determine the best
proportions of the furnace when stokers
were installed. Previous to ascertain-
ing the correct data for building stoker
fired furnaces, many failures, resulted,

C A N A D I A N MACHINERY

due to inability to distribute the heat
where required. Happily a considerable
advance has been made recently, and a
great deal of accurate data secured,
which places the problem within the
field of easy solution.

The results obtained by the applica-
tion of stokers to furnaces of this type
are summed up under the following
heads:
Steady uniform heat, resulting from

continuous firing.
Increased output, as less time is lost
between heats, and as the furnace
can be forced.
Lower grades of fuel possible, as slack
coal is burned instead of lump, and
at a proportionately lower cost per
ton.
Smokeless combustion and clear flame,
thus reducing the proportion of car-
bon monoxide escaping up the stack.
A reduction of labor where a number
of furnaces can be attended to by
one fireman, as the stokers are oper-
ated automatically.
Easy regulation of the characer of the
flame, owing to independent con-
trol over both coal and air supply.
Reduction in amount of slag or scale,
due to non-oxidizing nature of the
flame.
In a test of a furnace fitted with me-
chanical stokers in comparison with one
of practically the same general dimen-
sions, and fired by hand, resulting in
the following figures :

Hand Stoker

Date of test Sept. 29. '08 Sept. 29. '08

Duration of test, hours 23.75 23.00

Furnace number 2 1

Method of Firing Hand Stoker

Make of stoker "American"

Mechanical

Size of stoker No. 9 Type M

Total weight of coal used. lbs. 9.880 9.720
Total weight of steel heated, lbs. 50.010 58.140
Steel heated per pound of coal... 5.065 5.93

Pounds of coal per ton of steel

heated 394.8 337.2

<••> I per ton of steel

heated. lbs 57.8

Saving of coal per ton of steel

heated, p.c 14.33

Total weight of scale, lbs 1.447 1,436

I'ounds of scale per ton of steel.

lbs 58 49.5

Reduction in scale in favor of

stoker, p.c 14.7

Total ash, p.c 2.277 815

Per cent, ash 23 8.38

Total tons of steel per year 5,800 7,000

Total tons of coal per year 1,147.5 1.170

Inc. outuut of stoker fnce. p.c. 20.7

Increased economy of stoker fnce.

P-c 14.33

Cost per ton of steel on basis of

$3.00 coal $0.59 $0.50

In the above instalation the applica-
tion of the stokers resulted in an in-
crease of output of 20.7 per cent., and a
reduction of fuel cost per ton of output
of 14.33 per cent. In addition to these
savings, the stoker furnace was paying
less for its coal, which resulted in B

still greater financial return than the
above figures indicate.

If the above test had been conducted
in Canada, where in some parts, prin-
cipally in Ontario, a difference between
the cost of lump coal and slack amounts
to nearly $1 per ton, the saving from
the use of the stoker would have been
very considerable, amounting to about
$5 per day, or $1,500 per year, thus re-
turning the entire investment in a few
months operation.

The following test was made on a
Guide mill furnace, after fitting same
with two mechanical stokers:

Data
Type of furnace — Guide mill, rever-

beratory,

Length of hearth ft. 16'— 0"

Width of hearth ft. 6'— 2"

Grade of "coal"— West Virginia Nut

Number of stokers 2

Type and make of stokers — "Amer-
ican" Mechanical No. 9, Type M

Time of run 5 turns of 11 hrs each,

hrs 55

Total weight of steel charged per

heat. lbs. 8,200

Total weight of finished steel ...lbs. 206,298

Total weight of coal burned lbs. 29,272

Coal burned per ton of Bteel healed,

lbs 284

Fuel cost per ton of steel heated @

$3.00 per ton $ 0.426

small walertube boilers, which will ex-
tinct fully 60 per cent, to 70 per cent.
of the heat units remaining in the stack
gases, and it is shown by the results of
many instalations of this kind, that the
st i am so generated will be sufficient to
supply all the necessary power for the
operation of the forging machinery, and
perhaps in some larger instalations, leave
a margin for other purposes.

In this way, in a properly designed
plant, where furnaces, boilers, engines,
etc., have been carefully laid out as a
whole, it is possible to operate the plant
with no further expenditure for fuel or
other power than the soft slack coal
necessary for the furnaces alone.

It must not be assumed that this hap-
py result can be arrived at by purchas-
ing equipment at random, for there are
(Tertain conditions that must be met,
which can only be successfully sur-
mounted by proportioning the different
units to one another.

Several I . S. railways are experi-
menting With mechanical stokers Eoi

locomotives. In very few cases have ac-
curate tests been taken, and those that
have show results unfavorable to the

Axle Furnace, with Stoker.

The economy shown in this test is
very much better than that obtained
era, and at which time the furnace was
hand fired.

Saving Waste Heat.
In connection with the coal Bred steel
beating furnaces there can be installed
42

stoker. Where the firing is well within
the capacity oi one man without mech-
anical aid there does not appear to be
much reason for installing mechanical
stokers, although in America it is
hoped that they will help to abate the
black smoke nuisance.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

MAKING SHOP BRIGHTER.

In one of the machine shops of the
Canadian Locomotive Works, Kingston,
experiments have been made in the

Brighter.

painting of the machines which esulted
in a considerable brightening of this
shop. Fig. 1 shows a planer and Fig. 2
a slotter. These give an idea of the ap-
pearance of the machines when tinted
white.
Ordinary paint cannot be used ,.s the

■i

*•«

■ t

11 iV--'\

4x1

^p -iJl

fc^^i

^jjk

Fig. 2.— Making

Shop Brighter.

oil used to lubricate the machine, Mil
in time dissolve the paint so that, the
machine would soon be left in the same

condition as before without producing
any increased light in the shop. The
machines shown and the others in the
shop are enamelled. It is an expensive
operation but it gives excellent results.
Besides, the workmen can easily clean
their machines without fear of removing
the paint. In Fig. 2 the contrast be-
tween the white and dark machines mav
be seen, the one at the left not being
enamelled.

TO PUT ON DRIVE BELT.

By Frank E. Booth.

As is well known, a large belt is
usually put in its place by tieing it to
the drive wheel rim and turning engine
over.

The objection to this method is thai
the belt gets twisted and crumpled very
often, which might shorten its life of
service.

While instaling an engine in an elec-
tric power house up the country, the
writer saw the engineer work a lirsi-
class scheme for putting on a large drive
belt, which is illustrated by the accom-
panying sketch.

A piece of wrought iron pipe was plac-
ed across the face of the wheel, as
shown, being tied with a piece of rope
to the wheel arm C, at one end, while
a longer rope was run to the arm, A,

MACHINING LARGE GEARS.

The William Hamilton Co., I'eterboro,
had to machine two large gear wheels of
large size. The pitch diameter was fob')
inches and each gear was 1 1 inch face
with 52 teeth of I inch pitch These

Machining Two Large Gears.

were for driving pump for the Petcrboro
water supply.

In order that they should be exactly
the same they were fastened together in
the manner shown. The gears were then
treated as one gear with a 22 inch face
and the machining was proceeded with
in the regular way.

To t'ut on Drive

from the other end. The belt had ap-_
proximately the location, as shown Ly
heavy line B, when the engine was turn-
ed over ; the long rope being underneath
belt. The belt will slide on quite smooth-
ly when the wheel is moved in- the di-
rection shown by arrow.
43

WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL.

A writer in the Brass World gives the
following formula for a solution for
making an acid test to distinguish
wrought iron from steel: water, 9 parts;
sulphuric acid, 3 parts; muriatic acid, 1
part. These acids arc poured into the

CANADIAN MACHINERY

irate? and allowed to cool in a glass or
porcelain dish. The test is made by
immersing the samples in the solution
for 15 or 20 minutes. After being rinsed
and dried, the specimens, if iron, will
show a series of fibres, with the slag in-
terspersed between the fibres. Soft steel
dissolves uniformly and without the
fibrous structure found in wrought iron.
Commenting on this kind of a test,
T. N. Thomson, principal of the School
of Sanitary Engineering at the Inter-
national Correspondence Schools, Scran-
ton, Pa., says this shows that the cor-
rosion of steel is different from the cor-
rosion of wrought iron, the steel being
uniform and smooth as compared with
the jagged, fibrous character of the
wrought iron corrosion. It also shows
the reason why a piece of steel pipe
should last longer than a piece of
wrought iron pipe. The difference, how-
ever, in favor of the steel — as far as
corrosion by that process was concerned
— was so slight t'hat good steel pipe can
be considered to be at least equal to
modern wrought-iron pipe in durability.

BORING BAR HOLDER.
By P. A. Rodgers.

I have a boring bar holder that will
perhaps be of good service to some ore.
Herewith is a sketch illustrating it. The
length A should be the length of top of
compound rest. The bottom should be
planed and lug B fitted to T-slot on top
of compound resl ; C is a T-headed bolt
which fastens same. I) is hole for bar
and should be carefully laid out as the
centre of the bar must be in line with
the lathe centres, 1 15-16 is what I use.
E is a cap screw which clamps the bar.

For boring small holes bars can be
turned down to any size desired or bush-
ings may be . used. This holder grips

End View, Boring Bar Holder.

very fast and gives the bar a solid sup
port. There is only one nut to tighten
and no clamps or packing blocks are re-
quired.

VALVE GRINDING MACHINE.
In grinding valves and valve seats,
great care must be taken to have the
two parts fit closely together thus com-
pletely eliminating any chance of steam
leakage. By a simple contrivance at the

Canadian Locomotive Works, Kingston,
this is accomplished, a jig to hold the
valve port being constructed, and driven
by an ordinary compsessed air motor.
Both parts fit perfectly after the valve
and seats are thus ground to lit.

The jig consists of three arms attach-
ed by bolts to a centre pin. The shape

Valve Grinding Machine Parts.

of the arm is shown at A in the illus-
tration. These three arms grip the seat.
Underneath the arms is a triangular
plate, B, having three slots in which the
three arms rest. A nut on the centre
pin squeezes the triangular plate up,
thus holding the valve part tight while
the grinding operation is removed.

FACTORY MESSANGER SERVICE.
By D. A. McLean *

Considerable annoyance and delay has
been experienced by manufacturing con-
cerns in transmitting messages from one
department to another, and as these are

of an important nature care must be
taken that they do not become lost or
buried on some busy desk where they do
not belong. The envelope system is pro-
bably the best in use to-day, a copy of
which is shown on this page and the in-
structions at the top show for what it is
intended.

The envelope may he of any :i/e de-
sired, but about 6" x 8" is a convenient
size. The paper should lie of - ioil qual-
ity and the best suited for erasing.

In each department where messages are
delivered and received boxes or baskets
are placed marked "inward" and "out-
ward." The messenger arranges a time
table which is posted in each department
showing the time he will call at thai
station.

In directing your envelope, simply

place a pencil mark thus opposite

the name of the department or party
you wish it delivered to and place it in
the "outward" box where the messenger
receives it, leaving the mark on until he
reaches the station it is to be delivered
to where he erases the mark and drops
it in their "Inward" box.

This system will be found very eun-
venient to every manufacturer and espe-
cially where there is a cost system in
use, there being numerous time tickets,
requisitions, etc., sent from the factory
to the office.

• Chief Cost Clerk, Waterous Engine Works.
Rrantford.

Waterous, Brantford, Canada.

THIS ENVELOPE FDR FACTORY M ESSENCE!; SF.KVKK DMA.
'Io direct envelope place a check mark with a had pencil, not indelible, oppo-
site the Department name in the blank.

no not Write other names on this envelope.

All envelopes arc to be sent to the departments, the memos they contain being
plainly marked for the parties for whom they are intended in the departments.

FACTORY DEPTS.

OFFICE-

Andrews, W. (Accounting Dept.)

Campbell,- I). (Customs, etc.)

Cost Office

Engineering Dept.

Fux, J. A., (Chief Engineer)

Large, D. S., (Sales Dept.)

Mair, Walter T., (Treasurer)

Order- Dept.

Photographer

Specification Dept.

Waterous, C. II., (Pies. A- (ien. Mgr.

Waterous, D. .1. (Vice-Pies. & Secy.)

Waterous, C. A.

Waterous, L. M.

Bearings

Blacksmith

Boiler

Brass

Engine

Fire Engine

Foundry

Governor

Machine

Millwright

Main Stock Room

Paint

Pattern

Portable

Receiver

Saw Mill

Shipper

Stock Shed

Stores

Sup't

Tool Room

44

CANADIAN MACHINERY

AN INCLINED HYDRAULIC

SYSTEM.

By Frank C. Perkins.

A novel lift system utilizing an in-
cline plane is shown in the accompany-
ing illustrations Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 1
shows the inlined plane elevator car
loaded with a heavy engine casting,
while Fig. 2, shows the car platform of
the lift in its lowest position.

Very heavy engine castings had to be
transferred between the two floors of
two workshops, where there was a con-
siderable difference of level. This form
of elevator was constructed as the
most practical and economical on ac-
count of the castings in many cases
being very long and producing unequal
weights on the car.

It will be noted that the car provid-
ed is very long, moving on an incline
plane of concrete with rails on the
platform and a track below with a
hydraulic cylinder placed on the in-
cline between the rail.

By this construction there was no
trouble encountered in loading very
long pieces or placing the same on one
side as the difference in weight on the
various portions of the car had no in-
fluence on the proper working of the
machine. The hydraulic cylinder on
the incline in the centre of the track
communicates with a vertical tank
placed near the wall in the background
and supplying the necessary power for
raising the car. There is a valve pro-
vided in the piping connecting the cylin-

Fig. 1.— Incline Plane Elevator Car.

der with the tank, which is shut off in
order that the car remains stationary
wherever it is stopped. By closing this
valve when the loaded car has reached
the top of the incline, there is no pos-
sible way for the platform to slide
down the incline. The vertical tank
near the wall is connected with the

compressed air piping of the factory
and the working of the elevator is ex-
tremely simple.

In order to lower the car when the
platform is at the top of incline the
compressed air is allowed to escape
and the valve between the inclined

Fig. 2.— Car Platform in Lowest Position.

cylinder and vertical tank is opened by
lifting a counterweight on the level of
the cock. The car and platform
reaches the bottom of the incline in
about 30 seconds when the operation
drops the counterweight and the valve
is closed. If desired the air cock is
then opened in order to be ready for
immediate hoisting when desired, at the
proper moment it only being necessary
to again raise the counter-weight.

HOW TO WIND AN OPEN SPRING.

An easy way to wind a spring of the
compression type will be found in the
accompanying illustration. The mandrel
on which the spring is wound is select-
ed according to size of spring wanted.
In this case the mandrel and the end of

HSw to Wind an Open Spricg.

the wire were fastened in the chuck of
a carpenter's brace. The piece A is a
narrow strip of metal, the thickness of
which regulates the spacing of the coils.

45

If a closed tension spring is wanted,
the piece A is left out entirely. The
wooden tension blocks are clamped with
the proper tension in a vise. If no vise
can be procured, an ordinary clamp
will answer the purpose.— Scientific,
American.

VANADIUM STEELS.

Vanadium steels, their classification
and heat treatment with directions for
application of vanadium to iron and
steel is the subject of an 84 page book-
let by J. Kent Smith and issued by
the American Vanadium Co., Frick
Bldg., Pittsburg. Its toughening effect
on steel is pointed out. Tables are
given with regard to composition and
heat treatment, the results given being
deduced from experience with chrome-
vanadium steels.

The use of vanadium steel for rail-
road work is dealt with, tables being
given showing the application of vana-
dium steel with the type of metal and
heat treatment. It is claimed that lo-
comotive axles, springs, etc., may be
made much lighter than now in com-
mon use and yet possess better tenacity
and longer life. These steels are also
applied to bridge work.

SCHOOL FOR RAILWAY MEN.

A School of Locomotive Instruction
was recently started in Truro, N.S., in
connection with the I.R.C. mechanical
department. A large room in the Rest
House at the Round House is used. The
room is provided with railway appli-
ances, regular classes are held and the
men take a great interest in the dis-
cussions. Among the classes are those
in mathematics, repair, care and des-
patch of locomotives, best methods, etc.
Among those interested in the organi-
zation are : Charles McCarthy, a brake
instructor, and James D. Turner, chief
car inspector, and Superintendent of
wrecking appliances of Moncton, and
M. M. McLaren, chief train despatcher
of Truro.

BUSINESS ENGINEERING.
The faculty of science at McGill Uni-
versity have arranged for a course of
lectures with a view to giving engineer-
ing students some knowledge of busi-
ness. R. A. .Ross, M.P., secretary of
Ross & Holgate, has been secured to
give a course of 25 lectures on business
engineering or engineering economics,
to third year students. For all depart-
ments but electrical engineering this
course will be obligatory. Some of the
subjects included in the course will be :
Property currency, documents, securi-
ties, bonds, the Bank Act, the Com-
panies Act, company financing and
trust companies.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

LOCOMOTIVE TYPE MARINE
BOILER.

By A. W. Spotton.*

The Goldie & McCulloch Co., Limited,
Gait. Out., have recently supplied some
marine boilers for use in British Col-
umbia. These boilers were built for a
working pressure of 200 pounds. The
accompanying cut shows the boiler in
course of erection and as will be noted
the wagon top is of larger radius than
the barrel and joined to it by a taper
course. The fire box is exceptionally
deep and provided with two lire doors.
the upper one used when burning wood
and the lower one when burning coal.
The ash pit and smoke box are detach-
able and are bolted to the body of the
boiler. The smoke box is provided with
a spark hopper and spark arrester. The
barrel of the boiler is 00 inches diameter
and the wagon top 67 inches diameter.
The fire box is ofi inches wide bv 7 feet

• Mechanical Engineer. Ooldie &
Co.. Calt. Ont.

McCulloch

long and the boiler contains 156 tubes
two indies diameter by 14 feet long.

The longitudinal seams are double butt
strapped and double riveted, while the
circumferential seams are lap and double
riveted.

Dimensions.

The following table gives the principal
dimensions.

Diameter of barrel GO in.

Diameter of wagon top 07 in.

Width of fire box •">(> in.

Length of fire box 7 ft.

Number of tubes 156

Diameter of tubes 2 in.

Length of tubes 14 ft.

Length of smoke box 4 ft.

Overall length of boiler.... 2") ft. 5 in.
Thickness of barrel shell .... 21-32 in.
Thickness of wagon top ,... .'52-32 in.

Thickness of tube sheet 9-16 in.

Thipkness of crown sheet.... 7-lfl in.

Heating surface 1,300 sq. ft.

Grate surface 32.5 sq. ft.

Ratio of beating to "rate surface 40
Working pressure. . . . 200 lbs. persq. in.

DODGE TRANSMISSION MACHIN-
ERY.

The Dodge All',;;. Cb., Toronto, are fill-
ing some large contracts at the present
time, including a complete machinery
equipment for the C.P.R. million bushel
grain elevator at Victoria Harbor. The
contract covers over 400 tons of iron
work. Several carloads of this have
been delivered and the rest is Hearing
completion in the shops.

Reproduced on the page opposite are
three views of a lar<re pulley recently
completed in the Dodge shops, for a
continuous rope drive, in one of the
mines in British Columbia. Fig. 1 shows
i he 20-ft. wheel on the boring mill. The
man on the centre will give an idea of
the size of the wheel. An extension arm
is used in boring large pulleys, and was
used in this case.

Pig. 2 shows half of the same pulley
with a number of men from the works.
This gives a good idea of the size of the
pulley. Pig. 3 shows the 20' rope wheel
on the balancing ways.

ik':iv\ Locomotive Type Marine Boiler, Goldie & McCulloch Co., Gait,

46

CANADIAN MACHINERY

11/* "3llvfffV^/\

Fig. 1.— Machining 20' Rope Wheel.

Si

; 7

|J%" * v : /

|!'- - -' ': W

1

Fig. 2.— View Giving an Idea of i.he Size of the Pulle

Fig. 3.— 20' Rope Wheel.

47

CANADIAN MACHINERY

(JnadianMachinery

^MANUFACTURING NEWS»>

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing- interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
r icity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H.V. TYRRELL, Toronto - - Business Manager

G.C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc., Toronto Managing Editor

F. C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal Associate Editor

OFFICES :

CANADA

Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern

Townships Bank Bldg

Toronto - 10 Front Street East

Pbone Main 9701

Winnipio, 511 Union Bank Building

Phone 3726

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H. Hodgson.

Room 21. Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London . 88 Fleet Street, E.C.

Phone Central 12960

J. Meredith McKim

Cable
Macpubco, Toronto.

UNITED STATES
Niw Y«rk - - R. B. Huestis
1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-
ance and Trust Building
Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE
Paris John F. Jones X Co..

31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,
Paris, France

SWITZERLAND

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Orell Fussli Si Co

Address:

Atabek, London, Eng.

SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
Canada, United States, $1.00. Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4a. 6d., per year; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor on us by letting; us know. We should be notified
at once of any change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

February, 1910

No. 2

A CHAT WITH THE EDITOR.

We, the editors of Canadian Machinery, would veiy
much like to have a ten-minute chat with each and every
one of our readers at least twice a year. We want to do
this because we want you to get confidential and tell us
how you like the paper, what you would criticize about
it, etc. It is in this way, and, we believe, only in this
way, that we can make Canadian Machinery of greatest
use to you.

The trouble is that if each of you were to pass
through our office, stopping only for ten minutes, it
would take over four months to go from A to Z, and in
the meantime where would Canadian Machinery be 1 So
what we want you to do is to sit down some evening
when you have ten or fifteen minutes to spare and write
us a letter containing your views, criticisms, etc. Call
us down, if you think we reed it. It will probably do
us both good — you, to get it out of your system, and
us, to have our weak spots shov-n up. Sometimes, you
know, editors like us are apt to get the idea that our
paper is just about perfect, when in reality there is loads
of room for improvement. We will admit that we do
think Canadian Machinery IS a pretty good paper for
its field, but it can be made much better and we want
your help.

If you don't want your letter published, .-a\ BO, and
that settles THAT question. If you have any ideas about
machine shop and foundry management, labor-saving
dodges, jigs, systems, etc., tell us about them, because
we pay real money for those sort of letters.

Another thing : If you are interested in any line of
machinery, write to Canadian Machinery advertisers and
get their catalogues. They will be glad to send them if
you mention Canadian Machinery, and a good library
of up-to-date catalogues is a mighty good thing to have.
They g-enerally contain a fund of useful information that

every man connected with a machine shop should have.
It's cheap information, too — only a two-cent stamp and
a few minutes' time per catalogue.

But, whatever you do, we want you to write to us
about Canadian Machinery. We are making a frank con-
fession to you, that we are aware of the room
for improvement, and we reiterate : we want your
co-operation. After all, it is the readers' co-operation
that makes or breaks a paper. You pay for the publish-
ing indirectly, because you make it pay the advertisers
to use our columns, and therein is the paper's revenue.
So, you see, we are anxious to "get in right" with you,
and the only way for us to know when we have reached
this stage is to have you tell us (without gloves on)
when and how we are in wrong. Won't you f

48

AN ANTI-COMBINE BILL.

Headers will be interested in the bill introduced in
Parliament this week by Hon. Mackenzie King with the
object of preventing the formation and continuance of
organizations controlling the market on any commodity
in a monopolistic manner.

It is proposed that any six persons who believe that
a combine exists may send a request for an investiga-
tion. The judge then orders a hearing, and if he finds
that there is a prima facie case, he may direct an in-
vestigation to be made through the machinery provided
by the Act. The Board of Investigation will consist of
three members, one to be appointed on the recommenda-
tion of the complainants, another on the recommenda-
tion of the defendants, and the third by these two. If it
is found that an unfair combination exists, the duty
upon the article concerned may be removed or decreased,
or a fine of a thousand dollars a day may be imposed.

Provision is also made that in case the owner or
holder of a patent makes use of the exclusive rights he
controls so as to unduly limit the manufacture or supply
of such article in a manner to injure trade or commerce
such patents shall be liable to be revoked.

Weakness of Bill.

Every fair-minded man, every business man and every
student of economics recognizes that one of the conditions
of modern business methods is the development of mergers
and combinations ; in other words of agreements between
various classes of mercantile enterprises.

Some combinations are no doubt based on illegitimate
grounds. Their sole aim is to bleed the public. But they
are not all of this type. On the contrary we believe the
majority of these mergers or agreements are not only
based on sound business principles, but on sound moral
principles as well. They are merely created with a view-
to rectifying evils or curtailing cost of doing business.

Hut as the law now stands the legitimate merger,
combination, agreement, or whatever we may choose to
call it, is subject to irritating, costly and unjust legal
proceedings. This ought not to be, and could easily be
obviated if the Government would provide proper safe-
guards which would at the same time protect the public
as well as the members of the combinations which were
legally and morally sound.

It appears to us that the most simple way of doing
this would be for the Government to create a permanent
board similar to that of the Railway Commission, which
is doing such good work in the interests of the shippers
and traveling public of the country. This board could
make a tentative examination of any charges made, and
ii a prima facie case was made out take such steps as

CANADIAN MaCHINErV

would lead to a thorough investigation and the punish-
ment of the parties if found guilty.

No one denies to-day the right of labor to combine
for legitimate purposes. No one would probably deny
that in theory business men enjoy the same right.
Hut in practice they do not enjoy the same right. Wher-
ever and whenever business men combine, merge, or or-
ganize in any way the fact is heralded by the daily press
as a menace to the public welfare, and the authorities are
forced to prosecute and the members of the combination
to protect themselves in a costly, and usually long-pend-
tng suit, whether they are innocent or guilty

A permanent board such as suggested would protect
the public, and at the same time prevent pernicious and
unjust prosecutions of business men, whose organizations
are founded upon equity and justice.

The weakness of the bill now before the House of Com-
mons, is that it does not provide for this much needed
machinery

ILLEGITIMATE SALESMANSHIP.

In spit) of i lit- rigorous provisions of the Secret Com-

- Ac i prohibits the giving of secret rebates

Bnd a 11 some salesmen who in their

desire to get business are resorting to practices which are

forbidden by the A;.

Our attention is frequently drawn to flagrant breaches
of the Act and one of the most common practices in this
regard appears to be the passing from the pocket of the
nan to the palm of the customer a sum of money
sufficient to induce the latter to place an order for goods
on wiieli there is a fixed selling price.

Aside altogether from the moral aspect of such prac-

they are proofs of poor rather than good salesma-n-

-aiji. When a salesman resorts to secret rebates and other

dishonest practices in order to secure business it is an

acknowledgement of his own inefficiency to sell goods in

rdinary way.

The true salesman is he who relies upon the merits of

>ods, plus his own personality, to effect sales; not

he who is so unwise as to run the risk of incurring

severe legal penalties in order to accomplish that which

he cannot do by legitimate means.

One thing that perhaps can be said in favor of the
salesman who is ready to break the law in order to effect
a sale is that he is at least courageous in view of the fact
that he is running the risk of a maximum penalty of a
$2,500 fine or two years' imprisonment.

Those Who have to substitute crookedness for efficiency
should either learn the secret of true salesmanship or
embark in some vocation in which dishonesty rules all
actions.

Some day somebody will be caught, when there will
tiling and gnashing of teeth.

the "old man" glowering around to see where he can
find fanlt, there is the utmost harmony between me-
chanics, foremen, superintendent and proprietor.

The system that leads to this harmonious end should
be encouraged. Trusting the men will go a long way
towards harmonious relationships. The benefit societies
installed in many shops, the rest and recreation rooms,
the educational systems, first aid to injured, etc., are
developments in factory system and management which
cannot help but draw out the best in every conscientious
workmen.

The forman or superintendent of a few years ago.
who ruled by fear would look in wonder at the machine
shop of to-day where the superintendent, foremen and
workmen are all friends. The eare ot the workmen is an
important feature in machine shop management which,
with the educational features, has united the managers
and workmen better than any forcible means could ever
accomplish. In this issue is described the system of
First Aid in the Angus Shops, Montreal. This system
can be applied to any shop where the management and
workmen co-operate.

One thing that the machine shop management, except
in a few cases, have neglected is the protection of ma-
chinery. Canadian Machinery has, in almost every
issue, brought to the notice of managers, superinten-
dents, foremen and other readers, the necessity of pro-
tecting machinery. We are rewarded by many methods
being adopted— cages arc used to protect belting, floor
countershafts arc being boarded over and other means
are being used. There is still a large field for improve-
ment along this line.

Other things, if adopted, will also increase the effi-
ciency of the shop. Toilet rooms, tool rooms and store
rooms are often arranged at great distances. To concen-
trate these, toilet rooms should be arranged so that the
men will not lose time by walking unnecessary distances.
Tool rooms and store rooms have been concentrated in
some shops by using boys to deliver tools, etc., thus
saving the time of expensive men. In this case a private
telephone exchange is necessary. It can be computed in
dollars and cents, the loss of time caused by the average
man to walk one hundred yards and return. The man-
agement should not keep their view concentrated on
direct expenses, but the indirect expenses should receive
attention. A close following up of these items will
greatly increase the efficiency of the workmen and largely
increase the output of the shops, even more than at the
present time.

MACHINE SHOP MANAGEMENT.
Those who have watched the development of the ma-
chine shop cannot fail to be struck with the great im-
provement in the present day shops over those of only
a few years ago. Improvements in mechanism have kept
Srith improvements in systems, factories arc better
designed, they are more fireproof, cost systems have been
ni-.talled, work i> handled with greater facility by means

of crane-, tracks, etc., and perhaps better than all these
is the fact that the near' sighted policies of dealing with
men arc being eliminated and forgotten, and mechanics
are being taught to stand on their own feet. Instead of

49

NOTES OF THE MONTH.

The French Treaty has been ratified by both the
French and Canadian governments and will shortly be-
come operative.

* * *

The people of Toronto recognize the value to Canada
of the Canadian National Exhibition, and have voted
$320,000 to provide new buildings, and other improve-
ments at the Fair. These will be completed during the
next three years and will include : Live Stock Arena,
1110,000; Machinery Hall. (75,000; Women's Building,
$80,000 ; Poultry Building, $30,000 ; Dotr Building, $25,-
000; Lavatory accommodation, $20,000; Women's rest
building, $7,000; Band Stand, $350. It is sincerely
hoped that the new Machinery Hall, which will be one
of the most, educative features of the Exhibiyion, will be
started at once.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

UNIVERSAL DIVIDING HEAD.
The Universal Dividing Head is per-
haps the most delicate and important
mechanism connected with the milling
machine. It is subjected to frequent
and varied use, and the work done by
it must, as a rule, be thoroughly ac-
curate. The ideal dividing head there-
fore must be essentially accurate ; must
be of such construction as best to pre-
serve that accuracy, both by its rigid-

ism. Large diameter worm wheel is
essential to the best work. On this
dividing head the worm wheel is
mounted centrally inside the head block,
between the front and rear spindle
bearings. It is keyed and pressed to
spindle, insuring positive movement to
spindle when engaged by worm. The
worm is located at an angle, the worm
shaft being at an angle of 36 degrees
from the horizontal. This brings the

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Fig. 1. — Kempsmith New Style Universal Dividing Bead.

ity and by its method of adjustment ;
must be compact and convenient, and
universal in its scope. In their new
and improved Universal Dividing Head,
the Kempsmith Mfg. Co., Milwaukee,
Wis., have embodied these considera-
tions in a marked degree. Its substan-
tial and compact construction is well
indicated by Fig. 1.

The most important feature of the
dividing head is the dividing mechan-

point of mesh of worm with worm
wheel correspondingly around to an
angle from the vertical. This makes it
possible to utilize a great deal of extra
space for the worm wheel, otherwise
occupied necessarily by the worm, when
located directly over or under the
worm wheel. The result is that the
worm wheel can be made extremely
large in proportion to the size of the
head — 5J inches diameter on the 101

inch swing head, and 6J inch diameter
on the 13j inch swing head.

The worm is in one piece with the
worm shaft which runs in a long and
liberal bearing. This bearing extends
up to the shoulder formed by the worm
proper, and consequently affords strong
bearing support close to the point of
mesh. The worm runs constantly in
oil. The wear between the worm and
worm wheel is very easily taken up
through outside adjusting screw shown.
This adjustment is in a straight line,
perpendicular to the axis of the worm
wheel, and thus preserves the align-
ment and accuracy in repeated adjust-
ments. The worm is easily disengaged
from the worm wheel for quick index
through worm wheel direct. This is
through means entirely independent of
its adjustment, which therefore is not
disturbed. Another advantage is that,
in the common necessity of tightening
the nut on arbors which have been put
in the spindle, the strain is relieved
from the worm wheel teeth.

Tin- index plunger is mounted on the
worm shaft, therefore indexing directly
to the worm wheel, leaving no chance
for error or inaccurancy. The fact that
the worm shaft is set at an angle as
already described, likewise locates the
index plate at. an angle from the verti-
cal. This makes it easy for the opera-
tor to read in indexing, because it is
directly in his line of vision in his
natural operating position. Two index
plates are regularly furnished, providing
all division changes up to 60, all even
numbers and multiples of 5, up to 120,
and a very liberal number of division
changes between 120 and 400. Three
special high number index plates can be
furnished, which provide 122 additional
division changes between 61 and 400,

f — ^ ^A *

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HP- =#

^^> "' n

r

4

Fig. 2— Head Showing Work Paused Through Spindle.

Fig. 3. — Head Arranged for Cutting Ordinary Spiral.

50

CANADIAN MACHINERY

including all divisions up to 200, not
obtained through the standard index
plates. This fact of the index plate be-
ing at an angle will also permit of still
larger plates being mounted in extreme-
ly special individual instances without
requiring increase in the swing of the
dividing head.

Direct indexing is easily accomplished
with worm and worm wheel disengaged.
The plunger engages the circle of holes
in the front of the worm wheel. The
spindle is graduated to correspond, on
the front shoulder.

The spindle is large with liberal taper
bearings, and has a simple and power-
ful locking device, and is furnished with
the same size taper hole and threaded
nose as on the main spindle of the
universal millers on which the head is
regularly furnished, making all tools
interchangeable, has a large hole runn-

the worm is driven direct from the
change gear shaft. Fig. 3 shows the
dividing head set up with a train of
change gears in the usual manner for
cutting an ordinary spiral, the job
shown being a standard spiral milling
cutter 3 inch diameter, 18 teeth, with
48-inch lead of the spiral. On this
dividing head a very interesting depar-
ture is provided for short leads, by
which the gear train is led direct from
lead-screw to the dividing head spindle,
an extension stud being provided on the
spindle as already described. This is
shown in Fig. 4, and this also shows
the use of the Universal Milling Attach-
ment where the angle between cutter
and work is greater than can be ob-
tained through the swivel table. In the
charts which accompany this dividing
head, data is given for leads from .120
to 1J inches through gearing direct, and

top. This allows the use of large dia-
meter shank or end milling cutters in
squaring shafts, and similar work, as
shown in Fig. 2. The centre is firmly
fixed in the tailstock and has rapid and
easy adjustment. It oan be elevated by
rack and pinion for milling tapers, and
can be tilted and chimped into align-
ment with the work. This Universal
Dividing Head is furnished in two sizes,
to swing 10J and 13J inches.

CAMSHAFT GRINDER.

The camshaft of an automobile or
marine engine is an all essential factor.
Its cams, differing in angle one from
another, must be exact of form and
exact, of angle. The desirability of hav-
ing them made in one piece with their
shaft is evident. For grinding the cam
forms on a camshaft The Norton Grind-
ing Co., Worcester, Mass., has develop-

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Fig. 4. — Short Lead ; the Gear Train is Led Direct from Lead Screw.

ig. 5.— Testing Accuracy of Worm Teeth.

ing through, an idea of which can be
gathered from Fig. 2, which shows the
work passed through the spindle. The
rear end of the spindle is arranged to
receive an extension stud for use in
gearing direct from the lead-screw to
the spindle for cutting fine leads as de-
scribed later. The rotating block
carrying the spindle swings through an
arc of 150 degrees, from 10 degrees be-
low the horizontal to 50 degrees beyond
the perpendicular. Tt is powerfully
clamped in a horizontal or vertical or
angular position by two bolts. These
bolts clamp the whole surface of flanges
around the periphery at both front and
rear sides of the head.

This dividing head is furnished with
a series of 12 change gears for spiral
milling. The change gear bracket is
very easily attached or removed. The
mitre gear on this meshes with the
mitre gear attached to the index plate ;

for leads from 1.550 to 100 inches for
gearing through the worm.

Fig. 5 shows a method employed in
testing the accuracy of the worm wheel
in every tooth. The master plate is
mounted in the spindle and has 40 per-
fect divisions. It is therefore possible
to test the relative and cumulative
error for the teeth individually. The
maximum relative error allowed is
.0005 on the master plate, and the
maximum cumulative error at any point
is .002 on the master plate. The aver-
age is less than half of this. The mas-
ter plate is 11 inch diameter, and worm
wheel 5£ inch diameter, consequently
errors on the master plate are corres- .
pondingly reduced on the worm wheel
proper.

The tailstock is of the side centre
type. The centre is set into the tail-
stock at an angle, bringing the . centre
within J-inch of inner side of the tail-

ed an attachment to be used on its
standard type of machine.

The fixture, as may be seen in Fig. 1,
is fastened on the machine in the same
manner as the head and tailstock and
is arranged to have a rocking motion,
that the line of the cam form may be
followed in the grinding. The work is
mounted on centres and is held by a
special dogging device, the dog being
held tight between two pins on a face
plate. The end of the work is splined
and keyed into the dog, so that exact
alignment is maintained, until the last
operation, the grinding of the last cam
completed. Upon the shaft of the at-
tachment, in which is the head centre,
is mounted a group of master cams,
corresponding in number and form and
angle to the cams to be ground. This
shaft is driven by gears from the main
(hiving plate of the machine. Fastened
to the table, like a back rest, is a

CANADIAN MACHINERY

bracket which carries a rod upon which
slides a roll carrier. The rod is drilled
to receive a pin in the roll carrier,
there being a pin position to bring the
roll opposite each of the master cams.
The cam is held against the roll by
spring pressure. This is accomplished

wheel mounted in a fixture. This wheel
takes the place of the roll and is in the
same relative position that the roll
occupies to the master cams during the
grinding of camshafts, and in the final
operation is sized to micrometer to the
ex-act size that the roll will be. Con-

the regular type is that it is equipped
with an adjustable collar provided with
integral keys, which slide in longitudinal
keyways in the arbor. The arbor is also
threaded for a short distance to receive
an adjusting nut, which bears on the

Fig. 1. — Cam Grinding Attachment.

Fig- 2.— Grinder Arranged for Grinding Master Cams.

by a spring plunger, consisting of a
heavy casing with a plunger backed by
a powerful spring, which is always act-
ing to keep the master cam in full con-
tact with the roller. As the roller is
fixed in position the camshaft is con-
strained to oscillate as it rotates in
definite relation to the form of the
master cam. In doing the work the

sequently the conditions attending the
grinding of the master cams are iden-
tical with those which exist when these
cams are employed in commercial work,
and a corresponding degree of reliance
may be placed upon the accuracy of
the product. Fig. 3 shows a typical
solid camshaft ground with this attach-
ment.

Fig. 3.— A Solid Crankshaft Ground in the Cam Shaft Grinder

roll is pinned in position against the
first master cam, and the grinding con-
tinues until the first cam of the work
has been finished. The roller then
passes to its second position and the
second cam to the grinding wheel, and
so on until the shaft is completed.

The master cams themselves are pro-
duced in much the same manner, a
model cam being used to give the re-
quired form. The group of blanks is
mounted in the attachment, as shown
in Fig. 2. A stationary steel arc of the
same radius as the grinding wheel takes
its place and is maintained in contact
with the model cam which for the time
being is the master. Spring pressure is
applied to accomplish this function, bu:
the plunger is arranged to act in the
reverse direction. The grinding of the
master cam blanks is done by a small

RELEASING ARBOR.
The Cleveland Twist Drill Co., Clare-
land, has secured the patents and is about
In place on the market :i new arbor tor

eollar. The collar engages the shell
reamers in the usual way.

Perhaps the chief advantage of the
new arbor is the quickness and ease with
which it releases the shell tool, no mat-
ter how tightly it may have become jam-
med on the arbor; a turn or two of the
adjusting nut does the trick, with no
necessity for removing the arbor from
the spindle, and no excuse for the vise
and hammer methods which often cause
considerable damage.

Another decided advantage is the fact
that the collar can always be set so as
to allow the shell tool to fit snugly on
the arbor, and yet fully engage with its
slots the collar keys.

A. S. Herbert, manager of Canadian
branch of Siemens Bros., Dynamo Works,

Patent K<l<asing Arbor of Cleveland Twist Drill Co.

sheii toois. As is indicated in the ac-
companying illustration, the essential
difference between -this patent arbor and

52

Stafford, England, sailed for England on
Jan-. 6, and will spend about two months
in the Old Country.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

LARGE DOUBLE-DOUBLE-CRANK
PRESS.

The E. W. Bliss Co., 20 Adams Street,
Brooklyn, N.Y., have recently designed
and built a large double-double-crank
press, shown in the accompanying- illus-
tration. The large machine is of the
double-crank type, of a special design.
being in reality a double-double-crank
press. The machine is especially adapted
for the operation of very long and nar-
row dies, for punching, forming, piercing,
bending and similar operations which re-
quire great pressure. It embodies cert a in
improvements in detail which adapt il to
the special work it has to do. The ma-
chine, which is double-geared, is driver-
by [lower friction clutch located on the
driving shaft, which clutch is engaged
and disengaged by means of the treadle
running along the entire front of the
press: the treadle being connected by
treadle levers with a treadle shaft lo-
cated at the rear of the press, to which
is attached the counter weights and con-

and weight is the adjustment of the
slide. In the press shown, this is taken
off in a very effective and simple way
by a chain drive — the chains running
from the shafts carrying the adjusting
bevel pinions back to a small driving

quickly doing what would otherwise be
slow and laborious work, insures the per-
fest alignment of the side in relation to
the bed. By shifting the lever to the
right, the slide is raised, and by shift-
ing to the left it is lowered.

Lang'si New Tool Holder.

shaft, which runs the entire width of
the press. This shaft which derives its
power by means of a belt from the main
driving shaft, is fitted with two friction
dutches. In order to raise or lower the
slide, it is only necessary for the operator
to shift the lever located above the slide

LANG'S NEW TOOL HOLDER.

1 lie principal feature of advantage
claimed for Lang's new tool holder is
that it will take a much heavier cut
than is possible with the ordinary tool
holder. The cutter is of triangular sec-
tion, and is held rigid in the "V" slot,
which insures a perfect (it between the
cutter and holder. It is also backed up
clear to the cutting end with a support
which prevents the cutter from spring-
ing down or back away from the work.

The tools are made in right and left
hand and are intended to be used exactly
as the solid forged tool. One of the
great disadvantages heretofore in using
an inserted cutter of this kind has been
the tendency of the cutter to slip back
in the holder. This is especially notice-
able on heavy, long cuts. This fault has
been overcome in this holder by the in-

Lang's New Tool Holder.
f

Sertion of an ordinary steel ball at the
rear of the cutter. These balls are ad-
vanced from pocket to pocket as the end
of the cutter is worn away and moved
forward. The pockets are connected to-
gether by a slot as shown, and when the
cutter is loosened, the balls are easily
changed from one pocket to the other
but after the cutter is back in position,
it is impossible for the ball to drop out,
as the cutter hits it above the Center,
forcing it against the bottom of the
" pocket where the entire thrust is taken.
This positive stop is not intended to be
used on ordinary work, as the clamping
nections which operate directly upon the between the two cranks at the left-hand bolt holds the cutter- sufficiently tight
clutch. side of the press, which engages the for all ordinary purposes for which tool

In the construction of large presses of clutch which operates the chain' drive, holders are usually used. These holders
the double-crank type, au important This, in turn, operates the four adjust- are manufactured by G. R. Lang Co.,
consideration on account of alignment ing screws in unison, and in addition to Meadville, Pa.

53

Bliss Large Double-Double Crank Puss.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

DETROIT CONVENTION.

The convention in Detroit, June 6-10,
promises to be a greater success than
ever. The American Foundrymen's As-
sociation, the American Brass Associa-
tion and the Foundry and Manufactur-
ers' Supply Association have well or-
ganized local committees for making;
the convention a success.

From present indications the Supply
Men will use twice the space used at
the previous events to house the ex-
hibits, and it is urged that all who in-
tend to exhibit complete their plans at
an early date and at the same time in-
form Secretary C. E. Hoyt as to the
amount of space they desire, etc. The
permanent buildings will have concrete
floors on the ground level, and exhibits
requiring foundations and pits
will have to be placed in the
temporary buildings. The main

building spat:e "will not be laid out or
temporary building plans made until
information is received concerning mem-
bers' requirements. The cost of space
will be 50 cents per square foot. The
Cadillac hotel has been chosen as head-
quarters for the Foundry and Manufac-
turers' Supply Associations.

The following are the secretaries : Dr.
Richard Moldenke, Watching, N.J..
American Foundrymen's Association ;
W. M. Corse, Detroit, American Brass
Founders' Association ; C. E. Hoyt,
Chicago, American Foundry Foremen.
and Foundry and Manufacturers' Supply
Association.

HANDY OFFICE RULE.

The Dominion Foundry Supply Co.,
Montreal and Toronto, are remembering
their friends with a handy and useful
souvenir in the shape of a fifteen inch
office rule. On the front in addition to
the name are the words, "Everything
you need in the Foundry." On the re-
verse side is a list of the wide range of
equipment earned by the Dominion
Foundry Supply Co.

HANDSOME CALENDAR.

The Hamilton Facing Mill Co., foun-
dcv^outfitters, Hamilton, remembered
their cusi^«i£rs on Christmas with one of
the handsomest u?4ejidars yet issued for
advertising purposes/"^?* >k a reproduc-
tion of that beautiful home scene of Al-
bert Herter, "Just a Song at) Twilight."
The effect of the light from /the fireplace
is very marked, it greatly increasing the
romantic, twilight sentim/nt of the

scene. The lady is at the piano, her
face veiled in Shadow, while the medi-
tative features of the father and the
face of the sleeping child are illumined
by the firelight, the whole effect being
one of soft peacef illness and solemn joy.
Tlie managers of the Hamilton Facing
Mill Co. are to be congratulated on their
aesthetic taste.

TABER SHOCKLESS JARRING- MA-
CHINE.

• lairing machines have been steadily
growing in favor for the last five or
six years, prior to which, this method
of ramming sand, although not new by

Fig.l. — Tabor Shocklcss Jarring Machine.

any means, was not recognized or ap-
preciated beyond a very limited field.
Like many other good things which
have not been pushed commercially or
advertised extensively, the jarring ma-
chine has had a long period of respose
since its original conception by Hains-
worth in 1869. Improvements were
made from time to time by various in-
ventors, notably by Jarvis Adams in
1878, but the machines were not ex-
ploited and were confined in their use
chiefly to the foundries controlled or
operated by their inventors.

In the last decade, however, the pub-
lic has gradually awakened to the ad-
vantages possessed by this method of

54

ramming sand, and the development of
the jarring machine has been corres-
pondingly rapid, until to-day it is re-
cognized as a most practicable method
of ramming large bodies of sand by
power. It is probably safe to say that
ten years ago no one would have
thought of a jarring machine for molds
any larger than those used on a power
squeezer which one or two men could
handle, but it has since been found
that large molds can be rammed as
readily as small ones and to-day it is
not uncommon to hear of jarring ma-
chines capable of ramming molds weigh-
ing ten to twenty tons. But with this
increase in capacity has come the very
serious complaint of damage due to
foundation shocks when such heavy
masses fall upon their anvil. These
shocks are destructive to molds set up
in the neighborhood of the machine and
the ground waves sometimes travel far
enough to cause serious annoyance in
other departments of a manufacturing
plant. Chemists complain that they
can not use their sensitive balances
while the jarring machine is running
and the efficiency of offices and drawing
rooms is impaired by the distracting
and disturbing influence of the jarring
machine near by.

The present machine has therefore
been designed to eliminate these objec-
tionable foundation shocks and to put
upon the market a jarring machine
which can be used in any position and
under any conditions where an ordinary
power squeezer would be practicable.
Even in brass foundries on the upper
floors of high buildings it is practical
to instal a Tabor Shockless Jarring
Machine if the building is strong enough
to carry its weight.

To demonstrate this fact a small ma-
chine with 8 inch jarring cylinder has
been built by The Tabor Mfg. Co. and
the illustrations herewith are made
from photographs of this machine, ex-
cept the sectional view which has been
taken from the design for a twenty-five
ton machine on order.

Fig. 1 shows the machine as it ap-
pears ready to instal. Fig. 2 shows
the same machine set up in a pit made
to receive it with linkage connecting
the operating valve on the machine to
the operating levers as conveniently ar-
ranged near the jarring table.

Fig. 3 shows in section the jarring
table the anvil cylinder and a simpler
arrangement of connections to the op-
erating valve than it was possible to

CANADIAN MACHINERY

improvise for the photograph from
which Pig. 2 was made.

Fig. 1 shows the bell cranks con-
trolling the variable stroke of the jarr-
ing table and the automatic cut-off of
the piston valve. This valve is of the
differential pressure type operated by
constant and intermittent pressure
through the pilot valve, shown connect-
ed by link to bell crank in front of
photo. The position of stop which
controls length of stroke is designated
by an arrow, and is shown in its mini-
mum position, when the latch lever on
the operating stand is in the lowest
notch. See Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 shows the stop which controls
the variable stroke in its maximum
position. This machine consists of a

the supporting springs beneath the
anvil carry the entire load of anvil,
table and mold, and they do this under-
static conditions and also while the
table is rising, but when the table
reaches the upward limit of its travel,
and when the air is exhausted to let it
drop, the anvil is suddenly relieved of
the air pressure, which supported the
table, and as a natural result the
springs beneath the anvil expand and
accelerate its upward movement, while
the table is falling. As a result, the
momentum of the falling table and load
is substantially ecpaal to the momentum
of the rising anvil at the instant of
impact. These momentums neutralize
each other, and the table is brought to
rest without shock or jar upon any

anvil cylinder while the table is falling.
When the operating valve is again
shifted to lift the table, the valve is
opened to exhaust and the anvil is,
therefore, free to drop.
Use of Air.
In this machine attention has been
given to the economical use of air and
the operating valve is designed to use
it expansively in the jarring cylinder as
well as to expand it again in the anvil
OJ Under, thus obtaining the benefit of
two expansions. Of course, it is not
possible to use the air expansively in
the jarring cylinder when the load car-
ried on the table approaches the maxi-
mum capacity of the machine, but when
the machine is used on lighter loads,
full air pressure can be admitted for a

tf. Air '"pflt.f ralvr
*e. O/M-ratiay lerrr

3. I.eterfore/nttigiiif I,,,.,!/, ofati „*,-

4. Le> irr /or attjuatiag eu/t^if
• >. Coaaeetion/ae air sii/yj/y

6. I tli.ui.'t

3". ffighprrMiire air inlet fa Jarring ryliaetrr oaa outlet

5. I.otefireMure air inlet to aaitl cy/ittJer amtoot/et
9. Blow ea/reemmieetion.

Fig.

-Jarring Machine Installed in Pit With Linkage to Operate Levers. Fig. 3. — Se

jarring table made in one piece with
the cylinder and mounted upon a cylin-
drical anvil, which in turn is guided by
a cylindrical base and rests upon sup-
porting springs calculated to give the
anvil a substantial upward velocity
while the table is falling.

Foundation Shock Eliminated.

The evil effects of foundation shocks
in jarring machines have been recogniz-
ed and deplored, and various attempts
have been made to reduce the amount
of shock transmitted to the founda-
tion, but hitherto nothing has been done
to effect its complete extinction, which
is now accomplished by this machine.

It will be seen from the drawing that

surrounding objects, as completely as
if it had dropped upon an anvil of in-
finite weight. In order to do this the
springs beneath the anvil have a very
long compression, so that their loss in
supporting power, as the anvil rises,
will not materially affect its velocity.

Ordinarily, the springs are sufficient
to give the desired momentum to the
anvil, but in large machines, where the
consumption of air is an important
item, it is advantageous to utilize the
air discharged from the jarring cylin-
der in augmenting the momentum of
the anvil. This is done by making an
additional port in the operating valve,
which connects the jarring cylinder and

55

arring Table. Anvil Cylinder and Connections.

short distance and then , cut off abso-
lutely and expanded in the cylinder.

When the table reaches its maximum
travel, the operating valve is automa-
tically shifted to exhaust, and the air
from it may pass directly into the at-
mosphere, or into the anvil cylinder, if
the machine is large enough to make a.
second expansion worth while.
■ The cut-off is operated directly
through the bell-crank lever acting as
an adjustable stop upon an arm at-
tached to the valve stem. The valve is
reversed through the action of a pilot
valve actuated by a similar bell-crank
lever. There are, therefore, two adjust-
able stops on the table of the machine,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

the positions of which are controlled r.y
latch levers on an operating stand.

The cut-off can be adjusted to suit the
load carried on the table, and the oper-
ating valve can be reversed by the pilot
valve when the maximum uplift desired
has been reached. It is possible, of
course, to substitute compressed air
for the supporting springs under the
anvil in the simpler type of machine,
where no attempt is made to use air
expansively from the jarring cylinder
to the anvil cylinder.

The use of compressed air to sup-
port the anvil necessitates some provi-
sion for keeping pressure adjusted to
the total load carried, without causing
undue variation in the height of the
jarring table, as it is more or less
loaded, and as air may leak in or out.

The use of long compression springs

Kig. 4.— Stroke Control and Automatic Cut-oil.

somewhat simplifies the construction,
and has the further advantage of mak-
ing it possible to utilize the complete
expansion of the air.

The effect of impact between the table
and anvil in jar ramming is measured
by the change in velocity of the table,
and the square of this change in veloc-
ity is proportional to the work done
upon the sand for any assumed condi-
tion of the sand. Of course, the maxi-
mum work is done in the first few
blows when the sand is loose, and as
the operation is continued, the sand be-
comes more and more firmly compacted
together, until finally it acts as one
solid mass, and no further work can be
done upon it until the severity of the
blow has been increased. A short
stroke indefinitely repeated will com-
pact sand up to a certain lensitv, a
long stroke will compact it to a greater
degree of density, and very hard

ramming such as is frequently required
in steel foundries, can only be effected
by a considerable length of stroke. A
variation in the length of stroke from
1 inch to 4 inches is, therefore, pro-
vided, depending upon the conditions
to be met, and if any case should re-
quire more than 4 inches drop, it could
easily be provided for in the valve con-
trolling mechanism.

Attention is called to the simplicity
of the construction, the enormous
b1 rength and stiffness of the cast steel
table, ribbed around a central cylinder
and acting as a beam of great depth to
distribute the central force of impact
applied to it equally in all directions.

The anvil is solid, and the blow de-
livered in this way by impact between
two masses having approximately the
same momentums, is far more efficient
than can be obtained from a table
dropping freely upon a stationary anvil.
Parts exposed to wear are protected
by sand guards and provision is made
for the renewal of such bearings as may
in time become more or less worn.
The accumulation of sand in the pit
cannot affect the operation of the ma-
chine until it has attained great depth.
At the same time, very little sand can
find its way into the pit during the
normal operation of the machine, and
it will not be necessary to dig out the
accumulation of sand very often.

The small machine of this type,
weighing about three tons, which has
been built and tested, demonstrates
that no shock whatever on the founda-
tion is at all perceptible. This machine
was mounted upon two 8-inch channel
beams in a pit about ten feet wide, the
beams icsting upon the sides of the
pit and the machine resting in the niii'-
die of the beams. A man standing or
these floor beams, while the machine
was running, could not detect any vi
brat ion whatever, and although there
was necessarily a slight change of load
as the table rose and fell, the effect on
the floor beams was no greater than it
would be for an ordinary power squeez-
er operating in the usual way.

Ordinarily supporting springs under
about 8 inch compression are used to
carry the full load and with 4 inch
stroke on the table the anvil movement
would probably not exceed 2 inches,
and ordinarily it would be very much
less. The maximum variation in floor
load would, therefore, not exceed 25 per
cent, of the total load resting on the
supporting springs, and this variation
is so gradual that it does not partake
of the nature of a shock at all. At
the moment of impact the supporting
springs simply cease to expand and
therefore, cease to reduce the load on
the foundation. Following this they
again compress and gradually increase
the load on the foundation by a com-

56 . ,

paratively small percentage of the total
load carried.

Ordinarily the shock of impact in the
common type of jarring machines,
which 1 est upon a solid foundation,
with or without the interposition of
cushioning material, is followed by an
enormous increase in the foundation
load. In one type of machine, the table
drops upon an anvil of comparatively
little weight, resting upon a wooden
crib, which rests in turn upon a con-
crete block. The momentum of the
anvil and table is arrested in a very
short distance by the compression of
the wooden cribbing, and the founda-
tion load is immediately multiplied
many times, perhaps a hundred time*
the weight of the loaded table.

Fig. 5.— Stop of Variable Stroke in Maximum
Position.

The Tabor Shockless Jarring ma-
ehine is manufactured by the Tabor
Mfg. Co., Philadelphia.

CONTINUOUS MELTING.*
By Ceo. K. Hooper, M.K.. New York

1 am very glad to be able to discuss
the subject of Continuous Melting, as it-
is one in which I am deeply interested
and one with which in my experience of
the Inst ten years in designing and
building foundries, I have been intimate-
ly connected. My first piece of work, in
fact, as an engineer was the develop-
ment of a very complete continuous
foundry system, and I have since de-
signed several others and been eonnect-

* A discussion on Mr. Sleeth's paper presented
at Cincinnati Poundrymen'a Convention and re-
nroduced in the January issue of Canadian Ma'
chinery.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ed with other foundries containing sys-
tems more or less continuous and am at
present building for a well known in-
terest a very large malleable foundry,
embodying quite a complete system of
mechanical handling, it being impossible
in this case, of course, to carry on con-
tinuous pouring although the melting
proper goes mi practically all day.

Out of this experience I am enabled to
enlarge somewhat upon the answers to
questions asked Mr. Sleeth, for in-
stance, that of, "on how small a ton-
nage can continuous melting be made to
pay." He answered that this depends
upon the work in any particular found-
ry upon which I would enlarge by say-
ing that the tonnage has less influence
mi the economies to be gained by oper-
ating continuously than the number of
molds to be handled, as it is at once ap-
parent that a few molds may contain a
la rue tonnage to which continuous meth-
ods would be entirely unsuited, while a
less tonnage frequently is distributed
in a a very large number of flasks, the
handling of which, with the sand, cast-
ings, cores, etc.. would undoubtedly
yield lare economies if carried on
mechanically and continuously. The
mold, therefore, is the unit which must
be used when considering whether the
continuous method can be applied to any
particular production, but it is not nec-
essary to feel that if many sizes of molds
are used, the system is inapplicable
since, as the sand is handled mechanical-
ly, it may be a considerable saving to
standardize flasks to a few sizes and
adapt the patterns to these standardized
flasks, thus enabling a larger range of
work to be handled with a minimum of
difference in equipment in flasks, ma-
chines, etc.

Hot Sand.

Again Mr. Sleeth was asked if the hot
sand has any effect in causing loss of
castings, his answer very truly being that
generally it has no such effect if the
pattern plate be suitably warmed. He
spoke of a twenty-minute period as the
time in which his sand is in circuit. I
am able to enlarge upon this by saying
that by means of lar«;e cooling and mix-
ing riddles it is possible to considerably
shorten this time and consequently the
amount of sand handled and I am fam-
iliar with systems where the sand is
actually in use again in a much shorter
time than this, the first system with
which I had to do, having the sand in
transit less than three minutes from the
time when it was dumped out hot, rid-
dled, cooled, tempered, mixed and again
deposited in the hoppers over the ma-
chines for reuse, going again into the

mold undoubtedly within another three
minutes.

Since the proof of the pudding lies
in the eating, I am able to say that the
foundry loss in this system was much
less than when the molds were made
on the floor, and this is, I find, the gen-
eral experience of all who have these
continuous systems, viz.: that they oper-
ate with less foundry loss than the
same work when made on the floor even
though a lower rate is paid for labor in
operating such system than is custom-
arily paid in floor work.

It is proper at this point to speak of
methods of handling molding sand by
means of conveyors, and I will say of
this that in my experience, belts are
the most suitable for this purpose. Can-
vas belts can be efficiently used where
the sand is dry as in shaking out or
dumping conveyors, but with tempered
sand a rubber belt is preferable, as the
sand will more freely discharge from it,
and the moisture of the sand will have
less effect on the belt's surface. Flat
belts are superior to troughed belts for
this service, and wide belts moving
slowly than narrow fast-running belts.

A drag or scraper conveyor may be
used in distributing sand to hoppers ovei
molding machines, and is in fact, the
best device for this service, and it also
should be large and slow moving, both
to avoid wear and to preserve the con-
dition of the sand since the tempered
molding sand has a tendency to "ball,"
and once in that condition must be
crushed or dried to again render it suit-
able for use. The drag eonveyor is
preferably made with a wooden trough
and wood conveyor flights.

Netting on riddles and sieves is pre-
ferably made of phospha bronze wire.
Tap bolts and nuts on apparatus requir-
ing renewals should also be of bronz .

One and Two Storey Foundry.

A type of "continuous foundry" has
attracted considerable attention the past
few years in which the moulding and
pouring is done on one floor, the shaken
out sand falling through gratings into
a basement, where it is suitably prepared
and sent again by elevators to the floor
above for reuse. I have failed to dis-
cover any advantage in a foundry con-
structed in this way and it possesses, in
fact the very serious disadvantages of
high cost of instalation and operation,_
since a two-storey building costs at least
three times as much as a one-storey
building — probably the difference is
greater than this, where a floor is filled
with gratings and supports for .machin-
ery, a large expense is involved in dup-
lication of equipment for screening and

57

retempering sand, and more labor than
is necessary is employed in this latter
work.

It is entirely possible to handle all of
the sand required by productions up to
100 tons of castings per day and over
with two men although as much as KM)
tons of sand per hour may be passing
through the systems.

The users of a very successful system
handling a large tonnage have informed
me that they use no men at all on their
sand-handling system, but it is difficult
for me to believe thai it is not given some
attention during the day. 1 believe though
that two inexpensive men can handle the
largest sand conveying system.

Such two-storey foundries are there-
fore in my opinion and experience much
more expensive to build and operate than
modern practice makes necessary.

Mold Conveyor.

'Mr. Sleeth was further asked if any
damage is noted to molds from the move-
ment of the mold conveyor to which
In suitably responded that none is not-
iced. This would, in fact, be predicated
by the fact that the foundry loss in
these systems is generally less than in
floor work, but I can go a step farther
than this and say that molds may be
subjected to what would be considered
very rough treatment and yet suffer no
damage, as I have repeatedly loosened
up all connections on a mold conveyor
and shaken the ear conveying a mold
with all my strength while it was being
poured, banging the carriage against its
supports hard enough to slop the iron
out of the sprue and found no apparent
defect by sufficient commercial test in
the casting.

The casting made in these molds was
a hollow casting of varying lengths and
thin section poured from one end, the
core held by a pivot at one end only,
resting upon wire chaplets bearing
against tin "spots'1' in the core for the
remainder of its length.

I am familiar with mold conveyors in
which the carriage is suspended from an
overhead track and allowed to swing
free except at the point where the pour-
ing is done and no trouble is experienc-
ed by damage to the molds. A gain is
in fact made by building a mold con-
veyor in this way as less power is re-
quired for driving it, less wear is entail-
ed, and the supporting frame work is
cheapened.

I have learned of a continuous foun-
dry in which the molds when made are
carried to the cupola upon trucks pro-
vided with springs, poured and then car-
ried on to a cooling and dumping point
and I am advised that the'losg in this

CANADIAN MACHINERY

foundry is less than it was when the
same molds were poured upon the floor
l>y bringing the iron to them.

Cupola Operation.

The operation of the cupola was also
touched upon. My experience goes to
show that this is perhaps the most easily
managed function of the whole system
since, if the blower — and I think the
positive blast blower is best for the pur-
pose— be driven by a direct connected
engine with its valve easily accessible
from the pouring platform, great var-
iations in melting speed may be obtain-
ed with little detriment to the quality of
the iron, and by thus handling the blow-
er and having means of communicating
at the same time with the charging floor,
the cupola may be easily held for con-
siderable periods, such as for changing
patterns, etc., etc., and operation start-
ed immediately when desired. I have
spoken of stopping for changing pat-
terns on purpose, as there is little need
for extended stops on any other account,
as a suitably designed system will oper-
ate on less than 2 per cent, loss of run-
ning time from accidents.

The cupola is preferably run with an
eye to the production of castings rather
than the saving of coke, but this, of
course, settles itself and a ratio devel-
ops itself which may easily be as high
as the best cupola practice affords. Mr.
Sheth has told you. in fact, that his is
between 10 and 11 to one. It is much
better, though to produce castings than
try to save coke.

I am a little surprised to And among
foundrymen, otherwise so well informed,
an impression that this continuous meth-
od is in an experimental stage. Nothing
could be farther from the fact, as the
method is so aged that the "Mother"
patents upon it have expired, and the
■former owner of them, who is here, has
just told me that his original system
has been running for eighteen years, and
is still in use. I had the privilege of
building quite a complete plant some six
years ago for his company, in which
three systems were installed, one en-
tirely continuous and two intermittent,
that is. in one the molds are carried,
and in the others, only the sand is handl-
ed by conveyors, the molds being pour-
ed on the floor from iron brought on
overhead tracks, and these systems have
been in continuous operation. His com-
pany is now building a foundry con-
taining four continuous systems. My
own experience with this method began
ten years ago with a system which was
put into successful operation.

Mr. Rleeth's has been running for un-
doubtedly fifteen years, perhaps longer.

I am familiar with it for about twelve
years, and there are a sufficient number
of others in successful and every day
operation to put the scheme entirely out
of the class of experiment.

There have, of course, been some at-
tempts which have been notable failures,
several systems having been devised and
installed by builders of conveying ma-
chinery, who have attempted to handle
molding sand as they would other and
very different materials, and who have not
had a sufficiently adequate comprehen-
sion of the comparative relations of the
foundry operations involved, and on the
other hand, many capable foundry men
have designed systems which they have
tried to make too automatic. I can re-
call one generally on the lines of Mr.
Custer's design, but which failed through
not having his permanent mold.

He has put the continuous method
very far forward and is entitled to great
credit for his success.

Elasticity is very essential in every
function in the continuous method with
the sand mold and plenty of "elbow
room" where the different operations
are brought together.

Finally then it appears to be demon-
strated by the considerable number of
successful systems in use that by means
of mechanical handling systems in the
foundry the efficiency of the workman
is increased from 10 to 50 per cent, (this
increase having been duly charged, with
what additional non-productive labor is
necessary), the average wage can often
be reduced somewhat, the foundry loss
is decreased, the floor space reduced
sometimes by as much as one-half, this
also taking account of necessary addi-
tional power plant, etc., and by mechan-
ical handling only, can the full capacity
of molding machinery be realized.

The increase in capacity available
from molding machinery is considerable,
even though sand handling machinery
only be employed, as in some classes of
work, sand handling machinery only is
possible, malleable work for instance,
in which the melting is done in the air
furnace, while investment charges are
not seriously increased when the saving
in equipment due to increased efficiency
is considered.

DIFFERENTIATION OF STEELS.

Bermann (Zeitschrift des Vereins
Deutscher Ingenieure) finds that the
sparks emitted by the different kinds of
steel when ground on an emery wheel
afford a means of diffeientiation. For
instance, the sparks from carbon steel
take the shape of spiny tufts, the num-
ber of spines increasing with the car-

58

bon content. In manganese steel the
individual rays of the tuft exhibit ter-
minal branchings, whilst in tungsten
steel the individual rays are difficult to
detect, except that the ends show decid-
ed nodes. The sparks themselves consist
of particles of metal abraded by the
emery granules, which have become heat-
ed to whiteness or even above the melt-
ing-point partly by the oxidation of the
iron, carbon, and silicon, but chiefly by
recalescence through the conversion of
the contained carbon into different modi-
fications.

ORDERS AND EXPECTATIONS.

The machine-shop foreman rushed into
the foundry just as the iron began to
come down. His words were few for
time was scant.

"I want a casting in an awful hurry
and I want it bad. I've had a break-
down. Put someone at it who knows
how to get a move on."

He got what he asked for. The cast-
ing was had enough to please anybody
who wanted that kind. For all that, he
was not satisfied. Some people don't al-
ways say what they mean.

NON-SHRINKING ALLOY.

A non-shrinking alloy, according to
The Metal Industry^ is composed of the
following : Tin, 50 lb.; zinc, 50 lb. This
gives a tough, hard metal that runs
well if a good grade of zinc is used. The
addition of 2 pounds of bismuth will
render it even more fluid and enable it
to be poured at a lower temperature.
By using heavy sprues and pouring eoM
the shrinkage, which is slight, may be
to a very large extent overcome.

LARGEST LOCOMOTIVE IN CANADA

The largest locomotive ever manufac-
tured in Canada has gone west over the
C. P. R. to work on the company's
grades in Brit'ish Columbia. This engine
was constructed in the Angus shops at
Montreal, and was especially designed
as a type for a series of large engines
particularly adapted for heavy grades.
This engine can pull an ordinary freight
train of 1,140 tons over a 1 3-5 pet
cent, grade with ease, while any engine
now in use would have to take a simi-
lar train over this grade in two sections
or else use two engines.

It has been estimated that a square
foot of uncovered pipe, filled with steam
at 100 pounds pressure, will radiate and
dissipate in a year the heat obtained by
the economic combustion of 398 pounds
of coal. Ten square feet of bare pipe
corresponds aproximately to two tons
of coal per annum.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Growth of the Canadian Iron and Steel Industry

Eight Years' Progress, Showing the Output of Iron and Steel, En-
largement of Plants, the Increased Market, and the Future Outlook.

By T.J. DRUMMOND*

The early part of 1909 was naturally
lean, but as the months went by and
people began to realize that they were
more frightened than hurt, confidence
grew, and buyers began to come into
the market. Construction projects that
had been held back were taken up again
and from the second half of the year,
confidence has grown day by da,y, and,
notwithstanding the early slackness, I
believe that the production of pig iron —
the base of all iron and steel "work — has
reached its high-water mark in Canada
at the close of 1909, with an output of
about 800,000 tons.

It is best to commence with pig iron.
While a total annual production of 800,-
000 tons of pig iron may seem insigni-
ficant, still from a Canadian point of
view it is satisfactory as an evidence
of growth in the face of the many ini-
tial difficulties, and as a promise of the
fin ure.

Prior to 1900 Canada's necessities in
111- iron and steel had been to a very
large extent cared for by import from
the United States, Grea.t Britain, Ger-
many and Belgium. Honest attempts
had been made by private efforts and
Government encouragement to establish
tjhe industry, starting (as it should, to
be successful) from the ore up, anil while
in the base industry very little progress
was apparent, it was the pioneer work
of the late years of the 19th century
that has made possible the success of
the first decade of the 20th.

Canadian Pig Iron Record.

In no single year up to and including
1900 had Canadian blast furnaces pro-
duced as much as 100,000 tons of pig
iron, and the steel production had been
less. In 1895 only 37.825 tons of pig
iron were produced in Canada, and the
year 1900 showed only 86,090 tons, an
advance, it is true, but a very slow
one. With the growth of confidence in
Government encouragement, advance-
ment became more apparent, old works
were enlarged, and new plants installed,
notably at Sydney, Sault Ste. Marie,
Hamilton and Midland. 1901 showed a
production of 244,976 tons of pig iron,
and 1902, 319,557. Since then the
growth has been steady, and we find
1907 showing 651,962 tons, 1908 (an off
year), 630,835, and, as already stated,

•President of the Lake Superior Corporation.

it is expected that the 800,000-ton mark
will be reached when the figures of 1909
are totaled.

Plants Being Enlarged.

With confidence in the future of our
country, we of the iron industry are con-
tinuing to develop and extend our opera-
tions. Important additions are now be-
ing made to the blast furnace plants of
the Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Sydney,
the Lake Superior Corporation, Sault
Ste. Marie, and the Canadian Iron Cor-
poration at Midland, 'Which will bring
the capacity of the Canadian furnaces
up to about 1,250,000 tons of pig iron
per annum before the close of 1910, and
in 1911, with these new plants in opera-
tion, we should have a production of at
least that quantity.

That there is warrant for these addi-
tions is evidenced by the fact that, not-
withstanding the increase in Canada's
production, pig iron continued to be
purchased abroad in large quantities,
1908 showing 207,053 tons as having
been imported.

While pig iron is naturally the baro-
meter by which a country's position in
the iron and steel industry is judged,
still, it is interesting to note what is
happening in some of the more finished
products, of iron and steel.

The Steel Production.

Previous to 19O0 Canada produced less
than 100,000 tons of steel per annum,
and the first considerable advance came
with the opening up of the Sault Ste.
Marie rail mill in 1904, quickly follow-
ed by that of the Dominion Iron & Steel
Company's mill at Sydney. Prior to
1904 steel rails for steam railway pur-
poses were on the free list. The Govern-
ment bad, however, in 1903 taken power
to direct, by order in Council, that a
duty should be imposed on rails when
the Governor-in-Council was satisfied
that rails of the best quality were be-
ing made in Canada in sufficient quan-
tity to meet the ordinary requirements
of the market. In 1904 the Algoma
Steel Company demonstrated at the Soo
that these requirements were being met,
the duty went into force, and Canada
made its first great stride in the in-
crease of steel production. In 1902 we
had imported 179,591 tons of rails, and
in 1903, 203,751 tons. Since 1904,
however, the two Canadian mills have

59

cared for all rail requirements, which at
present mean about 350,000 tons per an-
num.

Ingots, blooms and billets still are im-
ported in moderate quantities, but the
Canadian steel industry is gradually
overhauling the demand. In the face of
the increasing market, in wire rods the
imports have decreased from $792,078 in
MW6 to $295,122 in 1908, and when the
new rod mill as installed at the Soo
Canada will be able to care for its full
requirements in this important article.
On the whole the growth of steel pro-
duction in Canada is as marked as in
pig iron. With less than 100,000 tons
before 1900 we produced 706,782 tons in
1907, and in the poor year of 1908, 588,-
763, and will probably reach the 800,-
000-ton mark before the close of 1909.

In comparing tbe total production of
steel with that of pig iron it may be
well to point out that in the manufac-
ture of steel varying quantities of steel
and iron scrap are used in conjunction
with pig iron, so that, while the produc-
tion of pig iron and steel is to-day prac-
tically equal in tonnage, a considerable
portion of pig iron produced goes into
the foundry trade, which has made al-
most as great pi-ogress as the steel in-
dustry.

Growth of the Market.

To capture the growing trade new and
larger mills must be erected to care for
the heavy structural and oilier sections,
plates, etc. The extension of the tariff
so as to give equal protection on the
heavier sections to that now afforded the
lighter ones will 'help towards an increase
in home steel production, and it seems
safe to assume that this will be done
either by extending the clauses now, or
by the Government following the same
procedure as in the case of steel rails,
i.e., by providing for the extension of
clauses when the heavier sections are be-
ing made in Canada. With this in view
the Lake Superior Corporation is erect-
ing at Sault Ste. Marie two mills, which
should be in operation by 1910, and
which, under favorable conditions, should
add materially to Canada's output of
steel.

Future of the Industry.

In the future of the industry I have
every confidence. With increasing con-
fidence, the demand for our products
will increase. Natural conditions are
daily improving through the discovery
and opening up of iron- and steel de-
posits, and we are also being greatly
aided by the influx of new capital, es-
pecially from Great Britain, and the
growth of the knowledge not only in
Canada, but abroad, that the iron and
steel industry of Canada is making
good.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

The Toronto Wire Nail & Tack Co. will erect
a {4.500 factory.

The National Wire Co. has purchased a factory
site at Toronto.

Jack & Hay. machinists. Dauphin, Man., are
succeeded by J. H. Johnston.

The Reddington Rock Prill Co.. St. Cath-
arines, has obtained a charter.

The Munro Steel & Iron Works, at Winnipeg,
were damaged by fire recently.

The Kingston Shipbuilding Co. is planning to
erect a repair shop, costing $150,000.

The Dominion Corrugated Steel Pipe Co.. St.
Johns. Que., has been incorporated.

Chas. A. Colville. machinist. Hamilton, has
sold his business to Rothwell & Hall.

Quality Beds Ltd.. Wetland, will enlarge this
year, greatly increasing their capacity.

The R. Watt Machine Works, recently burned
at Ridgetown. will rebuild at Chatham. Out.

The Verity Plow Co., llrantlord. will erect an
addition of 100 feet to the foundry department.

A big company is being formed at Sussex.
N.B.. to manufacture the Acme steel ladder on a
large scale.

The Canadian Safe Co.. recently incorporated,
for the manufacture of office safes, is looking to
locate at Windsor. Ont.

The Dain Manufacturing Co.. of Welland, are
perfecting plans for the addition of an automo-
bile factory to their plant.

The Michigan Central Railway has in contem-
plation the early erection of new shops and
roundhouse at St. Thomas.

The six-st»rcy factory of the Munro Steel &
Wire Works, at Winnipeg, wns badly gutted by
fire on January 12, loss $60,000.

1'ort Dover has voted unanimously to give as-
sistance to the Widespread Implement Co., the
vote being 198 to 0 in its favor.

Plans are being prepared for an annex to the
pipe shop of the Canadian Iron Corporation at
Fort William, to cost approximately $50,000.

The Disston Saw Works at Toronto have mov-
ed their factory and office from Adelaide Street
to their new premises on Fraser Avenue.

Fire which broke out in the cupola of a fur-
nace of the Canadian Iron & Foundry Co.,
Montreal, did damage to the extent of some
$40,000 early in January.

The Canada Iron Corporation have definitely
decided to rebuild their iron pipe foundry, which
was completely destroyed by fire about two
months ago at Three Rivers.

Samuel Trees & Sons are rapidly pushing
along the repairs to the Fraser Foundry at
Whitby, preparatory to reopening the industry.

The Armbrust Canadian Brake Shoe Co. have
purchased some land at Toronto. They purpose
building a factory, and operations will start at
once.

The Cossitt Co., makers of harvesting ma-
chinery at Brockville, sustained some loss
through fire at their premises about the middle
of January.

The new C.N.R. roundhouse at Ottawa, will
be finished shortly when a complete mechanical
equipment capable of handling twelve engines,
will be installed.

Chas. Pickard, Chas. W. Fawcctt. (both stove
manufacturers of Sackville, N.B..) and others
have formed an electric machinery and develop-
ment company at Sackville.

Welland has granted a fixed rate of taxation
of $10,000 to the Electro Steel Co. This plant
is now under construction and will be as an ex-
perimental plant before erecting a larger one.

H. H. Smalley. Hartland, N.B.. has taken over
the farm machinery business of Hagerman &
Baird, together with a lease of their large hall,
and will conduct a general machinery agency.

It is understood that the Dominion Iron and
Steel Co. will add a plate mill to their estab-
lishment at Sydney. the product to enter into
the construction of war vessels to be built at
Montreal and Halifax.

A company capitalized at $150,000 has bean
formed in Vancouver to manufacture the auto-
matic car fender, crude oil burner, automatic
dump ear release and other inventions of Henry
Clay Jordan, of Vancouver.

A building permit has been granted to the
Canada General Klectric Co. for the election of
a large brick warehouse at Vancouver. The
structure will cost over $:M),000. Murray & Mc-
Millan are the contractors.

The Lee Mfg. Co.. Pembroke, manufacturers of
'ncubators, refrigerators, kitchen cabinets, etc.,
have purchased a foundry and will take up the
manufacture of stoves and ranges. Patterns are
now being prepared for next fall's trade.

According to the terms of a contract just
closed Windsor will add a third automobile fac-
tory to its list of industries with the next two
months. All tne companies are branches of De-
troit concerns.

The Grand Trunk Pacific Dock Co., with a
capital stock of $150,000, has been organized in
British Columbia to undertake the construction
of the new docks at Seattle, Victoria, and ad-
ditional docks at Prince Rupert.

Partridge & Son. of the Crescent Wire Works,
Kingston, are to establish a plating department
doing all kinds of silver, nickel and gold plat-
ing. The new plant is being installed, and will
be in operation within a couple of weeks.

The B.C. Marine Railway Co. arc making ar-
rangements to greatly enlarge their shipbuilding
plant at Victoria. Capital has been subscribed
by English financiers and the enlargement of
the works is considered practically assured.

A charter has been granted the International
Dredge & Dock Co., Toronto, capitalized at
$50,000. to manufacture and deal in machinery
and supplies. W. A. Lydon. W. Cahill, and H.
C. Wild, ail of Chicago, are provisional direc-
tors.

Swan & Hunter, the great English shipbuilders
are said to have purchased a site at Dartmouth,
N.S., and that they will spend a million dollars
on a plant there. In one year's time they ex-
pect to be able to construct first-class cruisers
as well as merchant ships.

The Canadian Car & Foundry Co.. Montreal,
elected the following directors recently : N. Cur-
ry, president, James Redmond, chairman of the
executive : H. S. Holt, Geo. E. Drummond. I.
H. Benn. T. J. Drummond, executive : W. W.
Butler, first vice-president ; N. S. Rcder, second
vice-president, and W. M. Aitken, executive.

The boiler and machinery have been installed
by the Schaake Machine Works of New West-
minster, in the new steamer which is to run on

6o

Lake Harrison for the Brooks-Scanlon Lumber
Co. The machinery for the Paystreak, made by
the same company, is now ready and it will be
Installed as soon as the boat is brought to the
works.

Citizens of Sydney voted almost unanimously
in favor of the establishment of rolling mills
there. Construction of the buildings will, it is
expected, start early in April, and the amount
to be expended by the company will not be less
thaa $550,000, while the amount to be expended
during the construction in wages will be in the
vicinity of $150,000. The plant will employ about
500 men.

The municipality of North Vancouver has
agreed to guarantee the interest on $200,000 of
debentures of the Imperial Power Shipbuilding
and Dock Corporatian. for a period of ten years,
and will exempt the company from taxcation for
a like period. The company agree to spend the
sum of $300,000 on construction and plant alone.
The manufacture of railroad cars will be under-
taken.

Justice Clute made an order at Toronto a
fortnight ago staying the winding-up proceedings
ordered on September 8 last in the matter of
the Atikokan Iron Co.. and discharging the
liquidation. The stay was asked by Mackenzie
& Mann, who are large shareholders, and say
they have secured sufficient to pay off all the
debts.

George T. Rosselle. of Cincinnati, acting on
behalf of Geo. H. Paine, a Cincinnati capitalist,
has completed the purchase of the stock and ma-
chinery for the manufacturing of the Sunlight
gasoline light from the Sylvester Mfg. Co.. Lind-
say. A company for the manufacturing of gas-
o'ine lighting and heating devices exclusively will
be organized and an industry started in Canada.

The machinery for the Modern Malleable Bangs
Co.'s stove and range factory, which will short
ly start operations at Chatham. Ont., is being
shipped in from Leamington and will be instal-
led in the premises formerly occupied by the
Chatham Motor Car Co. These buildings will
be used till the completion of the proposed large
factory, the contracts for which are now in the
hands of John Piggott & Sons.

George McCrae. superintendent of the Goold,
Shapley & Muir factory. Brantford. was in
Dunnville recently, endeavoring to form a stock
company for the manufacture of gas. gasolene
engines and mining machinery there. The town
is being asked for a loan of $30,000. and the
citizens of Dunnville are being asked to sub-
scribe $25,000. The company will employ 50
hands to start, and eventually 100 hands.

The Blair Engineering Co.. which is opening a
branch at Montreal and which has a capital of
$1110.000, is handling an invention which is being
installed in open-hearth furnaces in several steel
companies in the States, and is being inspected
by Canadian concerns. The directors are William
Johnson. Alfred La Rocque. Michel Benot. Thom-
as G. Blair, jr.. J. S. Andrews and Roswell F.
Munday, of Chicago. The American company
has shown large profits.

Charles McDonald, manager of the St. John
Iron Works J Stanley E. Elkin. of the Maritime
Rail Works, and James Pender, of James Pend
er & Co., wire nail manufacturers, visited Ot-
tawa recently to meet the railway commission.
They protested against an increase in the C.P.R.
freight rates on iron, steel and wire nail, ship-
ped from St. John to points in Central Quebec.

Canadian machinery

It was claimed that the Increase wa unwar-
ranted. The commission after hearing the dele-
Ration announced their decision to have the old
rate restored.

The annual meeting of the shareholders of the
Goold, Shapley & Muir Co.. manufacturers of
gas engines, windmills, etc., was held recently.
when the officers elected were : E. L. Goold.
president ; W. H. Shapley, vice-president ; John
Muir. manager ; W. H. Whitaker, secretary, and
Henry Yeigh. treasurer. In order that they may
cope with the demand for the new gas traction
engines, plans have been drawn up, and tenders
asked for up-to-date engine and machine shops.
ISO x 50. 180 x 50. 32 x 50 respectively, which will
be modern in every respect.

The Vulcan Iron Works. New Westminster, have
arranged with the Willamette Iron Works Co..
of Portland. Ore., whereby the former company
will make all the boilers for locomotives built
by the American firm for use in Canada. The
Willamette Co. has found it impossible to manu-
facture at its plant in Portland boilers to meet
the requirements of the B.C. Boiler Inspection
Aet and make any profit after paying duty into
British Columbia. This means a big business, as
all the large lumbering and logging concerns use
locomotives and many that are now ordered will
have their boilers built at New Westminster.

The by-law authorizing an agreement between
Fort William and the Superior Rolling Mills Co.
was carried by the ratepayers at the municipal
elections early in January. This means the es-
tablishment at Port William of what is believ-
ed will develop into one of the largest plants in
Canada. According to the agreement, the com-
pany is to erect a thoroughly up-to-date wire
and nail factory, employing at least one hundred
men for 250 days in the year at ten hours each
day. The names of those to the agreement are :
F. W. Thompson, managing director of the Ogil-
vie Co. ; H. S. Holt, president of the Montreal
Light, Heat & Power Co., Montreal ; T. Drum-
mond. vice-president of the Dominion Steel Cor-
poration : W. T. Phippen, general counsel of the
Canadian Northern Railway ; W. A. Black. Win-
nipeg, western manager of the Ogilvies.

Municipal Enterprises.

Montreal council has been asked to vote $1,-
000.000 for a filtration plant.

Nanaimo ratepayers will vote on a by-law to
raise $100,000 for a sewerage system.

The Works Committee of the Regina city coun-
cil recommend the spending of $363,000 on a
trunk sewer.

At a recent meeting of the Hull city council the
tender of the Will ain-Hamilton Co., Peterboro,
was accepted for the pumps and water-wheel, for
which tenders were sent in at the last meeting
of the council. The price to be paid for the
pump is $14,850 and $2,065 for the water-wheel.

Contracts for the annual supplies required by
lets at 30 cents each : James Robertson Co..
granted to the Dominion Sewer Pipe Co.. for
sewer pipe ; N. L. Piper Ry. Supply Co.. metal
house numbers ; McClary Mfg. Co., street tab-
lets at 38 cents each ; James Robertson Co..
lead pipe, at $5.29 per hundred pounds ; Canada
Metal Co.. brass and bronze castings : Canada
Foundry Co.. cast iron pipe (12-inch), at $16.75
per length ; hydrants and stop valves. Gutta
IVn-ha Rubber Mfg. Co.. and Dunlop Tire &
Rubber Goods Co.. rubber valves ; Keith & Fitz-
.-.imons Co.. Somerville. Ltd.. and Dean Bros..
bran work for house services ; Keid & Brown.
iron valve and stop cock boxes, and special cast-
ings at $2 per hundred : Portland cement. Na-
tional Portland Cement Co.. $1.57 per 350 lbs.
net.

Structural Steel.

A bridge will be built over the Lottridge inlet,
at Hamilton, at an estimated cost of $2,000.
The Ontario Iron & Steel Co.. of Welland. has

given a contract to the Hamilton Bridge Works
Co.. to build an extension to its plant, 170 bv
50 feet.

There will be about 25 bridges erected along
the proposed 200-mile extension of the Algoma
Central Ry. One of these bridges will cost in
the neighborhood of $25,000.

D. E. Easson, of Peterborough. one of the
staff of civil engineers on the Trent Canal, took
final measurements for the steel superstructure of
the contemplated Wellington Street bridge at
Lindsay.

At a meeting of the Vancouver bridge com-
mittee it was decided to tender Waddell &
Harrington, of Kansas City. $28,000. to cover all
engineering expenses in connection with the Cam-
bic Street bridge. This will cover inspection of
plans, field work, direction of work. etc.

The contract for clearing the debris of the
Quebec Bridge from the south shore has been
awarded to Captain Charles Koenig and Co.
The contract specifies that the clearing of the
debris must be finished by May 1 next, when R.
and J. G. Davis will begin the reconstruction
of the piers.

F. W. Holt, C.E.. in his report on the harbor
bridge project at St. John, figures the cost of
a satisfactory bridge at $749,577. Mr. Holt says,
as designed, the bridge is intended to have a 32
foot highway and an 8 foot sidewalk 25 feet
above railway track and two street railway
tracks on the same level. The three tracks are
side by side inside of the trusses to simplify
the counter-balancing of draw.

Two engineers of the Cleveland Bridge and En-
gineering Co.. of Darlington, Eng.. J. H.
Walker and J. R. Dixon, are in Quebec looking
over the site of the big bridge, with the inten-
tion of putting in a tender for the work on be-
half of the company they represent. The Cleve-
land Bridge Co. is one of the foremost concerns
in England and has carried out a large number
of big engineering works in England, India,
Africa and other parts of the world.

The substructure of the C.P.R. bridge at Ed-
monton will cost $500,000. Plans have been pre-
pared for the bridge which will connect Strath-
cona with Edmonton, and a deputation has gone
to Ottawa to solicit the aid of the Dominion
Government in bearing the expense. The struc-
ture will cost about a million and a half, of
which sum the C.P.R. will pay nearly a million
but the balance has to be raised by the city of
Edmonton and the Governments. The bridge
will be 2,687 feet long and 166 feet high.

The Dominion Bridge Co. has commenced ac-
tive work on the erecting of the four new steel
spans which will complete the Fredericton-St.
Marys Highway Bridge. The first shipments of
steel have arrived from Montreal and the travel-
ers to be used in the work of erection have also
arrived. The largest travelers are over 50 feet
high, being somewhat higher than those used on
the bridge heretofore. Superintendent McMahon
has a crew of men coming here from a job near
Bathurst and will have about fifty men employed
on the work. The contract calls for the four
spans to be ready for traffic by April 1st and
it is the biggest contract of the entire super-
structure.

Electrical Notes.

The office' of the Dufferin Light and Power Co..
at Orangeville. was burned on Jan. 9.

New tenders for electrical equipment for the
London power station will be called for.

The Lethbridge city power plant was totally
destroyed by fire on Jan. 2, rendering the city
without light or water.

In Paris, the by-law for taking the first steps
with a view to securing Hydro-Electric power,
carried by a large majorityf

The Northwest Battery Co., Winnipeg, will in-
stal the lighting plant at Moose Jaw. G. K.
Watson will superintend the Installation.

6i

The International Contract Co. Is now engaged
in installing a motor at the new Lulu Island
bridge at New Westminster for the purpose of
operating the swing span by electric power.

The new centre for Hydro-Electric power that
will be created as a result of the favorable votes
in Brampton and elsewhere, may mean a con-
siderable reduction in the price of power to To-
ronto itself.

It is almost certain that the Calgary civic
power and light plant will be moved during the
year. The increasing business necessitates the
extension of the plant and a change of site
must be made.

The addition the city of Kamloops is making
to its lighting plant will give that city the larg-
est and most complete lighting system in the in-
terior of British Columbia with one exception,
that of Nelson. B.C.

The Canadian Niagara Power Co. intends
erecting a power plant at Bridgeburg ; the value
of the plant to be $60,000 ; well equipped with
transformers, switches and distributing circuits,
to be erected in the early spring.

J. N. Winslow. who was appointed by the New
Brunswick Government to look into the value of
the power of Grand Falls, has placed the same
at $300,000. It is stated that an American syn-
dicate is seeking to acquire the power.

The work of preparing the ground in the rear
of the Westminster Avenue car barns, at Van-
couver, for the erection of a steam auxiliary
plant for the B.C. Electric Railway Company,
is being hurried forward as rapidly as possible.
City Engineer Ker, of Ottawa, at the recent
meeting of the waterworks committeo made the
proposition that the city should generate its
own electricity for the booster it is proposed to
instal to raise the water pressure for fire pur-
poses.

Two carloads of machinery for the new unit
at the city's power plant at Upper Bonnington
Falls have arrived at Nelson. Another car was
reported at Cranbrook. A. C. Read and Mr.
Johnson, of Montreal, machinery experts, are
there to inspect the installation.

0. H. Colgrove. M.E.. hydraulic expert, has
decided on a point on the Saskatchewan river
about 110 miles from Edmonton as the source of
power for that city. Minimum power is estim-
ated at 20.000 horse power. The proposition is
now being investigated by a group of hydraulic
engineers.

Another 10,000 horsepower unit will be install-
ed at the Canadian plant of the Canadian Niagara
Power Co., at St. Catharines, making the sixth
of that type. The generator has been ordered
from the Canadian Westinghouse Co.. at Hamil-
ton, and will be delivered so that it may be as-
sembled in the spring, fhe turbine will be de-
livered by the Bethlehem Steel Co.

A special committee of the Sherbrooke City
Council has made a recommendation that the
city buy the drop-off power on the Magog river
and also the dam at the outlet of Little Lake
Magog from the British American Land Co.
They set the price at $8,000. This property is re-
quired or will be required shortly by the city
for more power for the electric light plant.

The B.C. executive council has granted the re-
quest of Prince Rupert citizens for an advance
from the provincial treasury of a sum of $50,000
for the acquirement of the pole line of the
Prince Rupert Power & Light Co.. and for the
construction and installation, of proper buildings
and plant for the supply of electric light and
power to Prince Rupert users of these modern
essentials.

An interesting feature in connection with the
operation of the lumber mills of the Kraser River
Lumber Co. in New Westminster is that they
have found that too much power is lost bt
friction, and it is the intention to instal separ-
ate motors to be operated by electricity, wher-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ever possible in connection with shingle ma-
chines, etc. Many of these motors have already
arrived and will be installed immediately.

There is some talk in Levis. Que., of the pos-
sibility of the municipality purchasing the Dor-
chester Electric Co., which is capable of develop-
ing 1,000 horse-power. The Dorchester Electric
Co. recently obtained the right to enter Levis,
and in some circles the idea of purchasing has
been developed with a view to opposing the Can-
adian Electric Co.. which has just passed over
to the Quebec Light and Power merger.

As a result of the remodelling and rebuilding
of power house No. 2, better known as the "Old
Standard," on Amelia Island, at the Chaudierc.
the Ottawa Electric Co. will be able to double
the amount of power hitherto generated there.
New machinery throughout is being installed and
the water level in the flumes is being raised
from 22 feet to 33 feet. Formerly only 2.000
horse power was being developed at this point.

The total earnings of the Nelson light and
power department, in 1909, were $52,237.20, and
the expenditures $16,651.97, leaving a balance of
$35,585.23. from which have to be deducted inter-
est on debentures and sinking fund. During the
year 100 new connections were made, and the city
council is now supplying 80 per cent, of the busi-
ness houses, 95 per cent, of the residences, and
practically all the manufacturing establishments
in Nelson.

Citizens of Melville, Sask-, voted on an elec-
tric light by-law on Jan. 4, the result of the
poll being 60 for the by-law and 8 against. This
by-law gives Gushing & Weir a franchise, but not
an exclusive one, to erect an electric light and
power plant in Melville for a period of ten years,
when it may be purchased by the town. Work
will be commenced at as early a date as pos-
sible, and the plant has to be in operation by
July 1. Its cost will be in the neighborhood of
$30,000.

Three gentlemen representing the Shuswap
Falls Light & Power Co. are negotiating with
the Armstrong. B.C.. council for the purchase of
the town's electric light plant. The company re-
present their plant as being capable of supplying
light for the whole valley from Penticton to
Sicamous. The company will sell light at 10
cents per k.w.. whereas the people are now pay-
ing 10 cents. Another proposition by the com-
pany is to connect Enderby. Armstrong and Ver-
non with Grande Prairie and Salmon River by
means of a tramline.

The appointment of J. E. Aldred, president of
the Shawinigan Water & Power Co.. as director
of the Montreal Light, Heat and Power Co..
follow s on the purchase of 3,000 shares of Power
stock, a short time ago, by Shawinigan. The
election of J. E. Aldred recalls rumors of a
merger between Shawinigan and Power, but no
significance is placed in the choice. There is no
doubt, however, that Mr. Aldred's appointment
will lead to closer relations between the two con-
cerns, with possible ultimate merging of inter-
ests.

The application of the Burrard Power Co. for
the right to erect a dam at the lower end of
Lillooet Lake, B.C., in the railway belt, for the
purpose of raising the water in the lake and
by diverting the water to a power house
to be erected about four miles down the Lil-
looet River from the lower end of the lake for
the purpose of generating electric power, this to
involve the right to use 25.000 miner's inches of
water in the lakes, has been approved by the
executive council at Ottawa. The minimum
amount of expenditure to be made in connection
with the works annually during the five-year
agreement is $25,000. and the water power to be
developed 3.000 horsepower.

For inside wiring at the Montreal electric
power house the order went to O'Leary & Co..
who secured the contract at $205. the same firm
were also awarded the contract for electric pip-
ing for generation purposes and for exciter leads

at $145. For the supply of two circulating
pumps, it was decided to award the contract to
Laurie & Lamb, at $2,300, it being represented
that the pumps on offer by that firm were more
economical in steam consumption, and that the
saving in fuel in one year would almost com-
pensate for the difference in price. Garth & Co.
will provide the necessary pipe and fittings at a
cost of $1,029. For a boiler supply the recom-
mendation was for a 250 horse power water tube
and the order was awarded to Poison's Iron
Works at $4,615.

The new auxiliary steam plant recently in-
stalled at Victoria by the B.C. Electric Co.. on
the foreshore at Rock Bay opposite the old plant
which has been yearly put in operation to meet
the demand for power has been given its first
practical test. By the installation of the new
plant the B.C. Electric Co. has increased its
ability to deliver electricity for power, light
and heat by 1,000 horse power at an expenditure
for building and plant of about $62,000. The
machinery was formerly in use in Vancouver and
was installed to give the added power needed
consequent of the probable failure of the water
power at Coldstream which in past years has
overtaxed the old steam plant. For this year
the new plant will be used solely as an aux-
iliary in case of necessity. Until the Jordan
river plant is running the new plant will be
practically kept constantly in use after this
year. The company now has a total horse power
of 4,400. of which 3,400 can be secured from
Coldstream and the old steam plant and 1000
from the new plant, the largest amount of
power in the history of the company here.

Planing Mill News.

J. W. Molson is building a large sawmill at
Shawbridge. Que.

D. E. Wallace, of Thamesville, Ont.. is mak-
ing further additions to his sawmill.

A new sawmill is being built a short distance
in the rear of the Markdale. Ont.., furniture tee-
tory.

The Beaver Mfg. Co.. Buffalo, makers of wood
fibre material, contemplate establishing a branch
factory at Ottawa.

It is expected that the Northern Oil Co. will
establish works at Victoria, and will also build
large wharves and a cooperage and box factory.

The C. C. Manuel & Sons Co.. of Richford,
Vt. is building a plant in Sutton. Que., for the
manufacture of butter dishes, clothes pins and
veneers.

Hugh Baird & Sons. formerly of Markdale.
Ont., now at Thornbury, Ont.. are again enter-
ing the lumber business in the spring and ex-
pect to put up a new band saw mill of the best
fireproof construction.

The Watts Manufacturing Co.. of Wattsburg
and Proctor, in the Kootenay district of Brit-
ish Columbia, are installing a wire-wound wood-
en pipe plant in connection with the Proctor
mill. The plant is nearly ready for operation.

Statistics of the lumber industry in British Co-
lumbia show that the total number of saw mills
is 204 : capacity, approximate average, 8.080,000
feet a day ; shingle mills, 45, with a capacity of
2.250,000,000 yearly ; logging camps. 265 : donkey
engines and logging locomotives. 267 ; horses em-
ployed, 1,500 ; men employed, 17,000.

Seaman, Kent & Co., hardwood finishers, will
erect a plant at Fort William, which will cm-
ploy 100 men and will ship to the west the first
year 500 carloads of finished material and 800
carloads a year afterward, provided the city will
exempt them from all but a nominal tax. The
proposition will be submitted to a vote of the
citizens.

Negotiations for the sale of the Canadian Pa-
cific Lumber Co.'s mill at Port Moody, reputed
to be the most scientifically constructed lumber
manufacturing plant in British Columbia from
the point of view of low cost of operation, are

62

now proceeding between the owners and Mere-
dith and Irwin, who are largely interested in the
Anglo-American Lumber Company, of Vancouver.
J. R. Booth. Ottawa : the E. B. Eddy Co..
Hull, and the James Maclaren Co.. of Bucking-
ham, are taking out enough pulpwood to keep
their mills running to the fullest capacity in
preparation for what promises to be a good sea-
son. Mr. Booth is increasing the capacity of his
pulp producing plant by 60 per cent, and ex-
pects to use all its output in the manufactur-
ing of paper.

Railway Construction.

The Calgary Street Railway will build an ex-
tension of about 12 miles during 1910.

A $2,000,000 electric railway will be built in
the Okanagan valley of British Columbia.

The C.N.R. line will be extended to Athabasca
Landing, thirty-six miles from Morinville, Alta..
the present terminus.

Surveying between Port Colborne and Fort
Erie along the lake shore for that branch of
the N. St. C. & T. Ry., is now going on.

Three hundred and fifteen thousand dollars will
be expended on the New Westminster branch of
the British Columbia Electric railway during
1910.

Tenders are now being called for the construc-
tion of Lie V.. V. & E. line between Abbotsford
and Hope, B.C., a distance of 78 miles, and be-
tween Princeton and Tulameen.

A party of G.T.P. surveyors will locate the
line from Yorkton, Sask., to the Pass, at which
point the G.T.P. will make connection with the
Government road to either Churchill or Nelson.

There is a project on foot at Vernon, B.C.. to
build a tram line through the Okanagan valley
from Enderby to Penticton and Summerland to
handle the rapidly developing fruit and produce
business of the district.

A spur line running west from the C.V.R.
branch of the Dominion Atlantic Railroad, at
Kentville, N.S., will be built. The Provincial
Government will give a subsidy of $3,200 per
mile and the Federal the same.

It is proposed to build a six-track subway
from the eastern end of Montreal to the western,
taking in all the railway stations, etc. English
capital is behind the move, which will take in
the street railway and power companies, and ne-
cessitate an investment of a hundred million dol-
lars.

A new electric railway running northward
from Toronto to Barrie, with branches to Oril-
lia and Owen Sound via Meaford. is being or-
ganized by Toronto capitalists, and application
will be made for a charter at the next sitting
of the legislature by W. H. Price, acting for the
promoters.

A report from the Soo says that in February
the Algoma Central Railway Company will call
for tenders for an extension of their railroad
200 miles. It was also stated that the sum of
$3,000,000 was being allowed in the estimates for
this purpose. In the extension 64 bridges will be
constructed.

The charter granted to the Northern Empire
Railway Co. and the Manitoba and British I 'u
lumbia Railway Co. has been transferred to ■
new company headed by Henry Roy. a million-
aire. Capitalization. $4,500,000. Among the pro-
jects is a line through Peace River Crossing into
DaWBOn ail0 another east from McMurray to
Fort Churchill on the Hudson Bay.

To meet demands of the various parts of its
extensive system, the B.C. Electric Railway will
need over 100 freight cars and more than that
number of passenger cars. Half a million dol-
lars has been appropriated for this particular,
and orders will be placed with manufacturers in
the east. Not only that, but the shops at New
Westminster of the company will be operated to

CANADIAN MACHINERY

capacity, and every effort made to attend to
business offering.

Officials of the Canadian Pacific Railway, in
Winnipeg, have made an appropriation, provid-
ing for the construction of fifty miles of the
Kootenay Central Railway this year. It is pro-
posed to start work early in March at or near
Wardner station on the Crow's. Nest Pass Rail-
way. Tenders will likely be called for early Feb-
ruary. The new line will open up some fertile
and agricultural fruit-growing districts in the in-
terior, including the famed Windermere Valley.
The route extends north through the Kootenay
Valley and thence via the Columbia Valley to
Golden, a distance of 160 miles.

The weather in the west has been so excep-
tionally fine that good progress is reported as
being made by the builders of the Grand Trunk
Pacific. Freberg & Stone, sub-contractors under
Foley. Welsh & Stewart, are drilling a tunnel
nearly 400 feet long near Omineca on the upper
Skeena river. Construction work on the east end
of the Grand Trunk Pacific, also owing to the
unusually favorable winter, is still going on.
Down in New Brunswick the rails have been laid
from Cains river westward as far as Nappadog-
gan Lake, where in the heart of the great Mira-
michi forest a divisional point has to be estab-
lished.

New Companies.

Caledonia Gypsum Co., Hamilton ; capital,
$150,000 ; to develop and work mineral lands.
Incorporators. Henry Lewis. E. Rubenstein and
E. J. Hunterf

Acme Vacuum Cleaner Co.. Montreal, capital.
$20,000 ; to manufacture vacuum, cleaners. Incor-
porators, W. T. Cumming. A. J. Brown and F.
li. Hush, Montreal.

John Miller & Son, of Winnipeg ; capital, $25,-
000 ; to deal in and manufacture hardware, etc.
Incorporators, T. W. Neelands. G. N. Broatch
and F. W. Louthood.

Montreal Asbestos Co.. Montreal ; capital.
$500,000 ; to mine, smelt and work asbestos. In-
corporators. H. C. Organ. Q. E. Baxter and L.
\Tormandin. Montreal.

The Franco-Canadian Mfg. Co.. Montreal ; capi-
tal, $20,000 ; to manufacture glass bottles and
sdassware. Incorporators H. Hubert. T. Lafleur,
and L. Mercier, Montreal.

Canadian Safe Co., Windsor ; capital. $100,000:
to make safes and vault doors. Incorporators,
•I. E. Blackmore, Detroit : N. A. Bartlett and
A. R. Bartlett, Windsor.

Alex. Bremner, Ltd.. Montreal ; capital. $200,-
000 ; to manufacture bricks, cement, tiles, drain
pipes, etc. Incorporators, Alex. Bremner, A. W.
Hremner and Geo. Benoit, Montreal.

The News Pulp & Paper Co.. Montreal, has
been incorporated with a capital of $1,000,000.
The incorporators are : G. Of Foster, J. T.
Hackett, T. F. Coonan. all of Montreal.

The N'ational -Engineering Co., Montreal ; capi-
tal, $20,000 ; to manufacture electrical and me-
chanical devices, etc. Incorporators. R. T. Hen-
eker. A. H. Duff and W. S. Johnson. Montreal.
The Torrey Asbestos Machinery Co., Montreal:
capital, $50,000 : to make mining, milling and
general machinery. Incorporators, C. G. Green-
shields, A. ('. ('aider and R. E. Allan. Mont-
real.

Canada Bolt and Nut Co.. Toronto ; capital.
$2,500,000 ; to smelt ores, metals and minerals,
and manufacture their products. Incorporators.
B. G. McMillan, J. E. Riley and (1. B. Strathy
Toronto.

Canadian Mercliandi.se. Ltd.. Toronto ; capital.
55.000 ; to deal in novelties, household utensils.'
hardware and other merchandise. Incorporators!
li- M. Kellam. R. Westwood and C. A. Bailey.'
Toronto.

The Courtright Stove Co., Courtright, Ont.,
capital $40,000, to manufacture stoves, furnaces!
gas ranges and electric fixtures. Provisional
directors. F. C. Watson. M. Sanders and H. W.
I'nsworth, Sarnia.

Rogers Supply. Ltd.. Toronto ; capital, $100,-
000: to take over the Rogers Supply Co. and
make Portland cement and artificial stone. In-
corporators. Alt. Rogers. J. W. Rogers and A.
E. Stovel. Toronto.

The International Tool Steel Co.. Toronto-
capital. $750,000 j to mine and treat metals, car-
ry on a foundry and machine shop, and make
tools. Incorporators, S. J. Kelly. Jas. Ross,
('has. Lehmann. Toronto.

The B.C. Gazette gives notice of the incorpor-
ation of the following companies : Powell River
Paper Co., capital. $1,000,000 ; New Columbia
River Co., capital $5,000,000 ; the Crown Shingle
Mill Co.. capital $25,000.

Universal Engineering and Mfg. Co., Montreal;
capital, $95,000 : to manufacture, import and ex-
port electrical and mechanical appliances and
machinery. Incorporators. J. J. Campbell. J. D.
Lachapelle and J. CV Dudley. Montreal.

Canada Pipe & Steel Co.. Toronto ; capital
$100,000 : to manufacture iron, steel and metals.
and make tools, machines and repair and con-
struct structural work. Incorporators, J. L.
Ross. A. R. Bickerstaff and A. W. Holmstead.
Toronto.

The Laf ranee Improved Pipe Joints Co., Mont-
real : capital, $50,000 : to manufacture and deal
in saws, barbed wire, lead pipe, shot, locks,
tools, white lead and paints, etc. Incorporators.
J. Lafrance, A. Chagnon and L. D. Latour,
Montreal.

Cartwright Automatic Press Co., Montreal :
capital, $500,000 ; to engage as iron "founders,
mechanical engineers and to make printing
presses and machinery and tools. Incorporators.
J. W. Blair, F. J. Laverty and L. A. David,
Montreal.

Baillot's Gas and Steel Machine Co., Mont-
real : capital. $45,000 ; to construct and operate
steel plants and gas generators and engage in
general foundry and machine work. Incorpor-
ators, L. J. Beitpie, A. Baillot. and A. Menager.
Montreal.

POCKET DIARY FOR 1910.

The "Pocket Diary and Year Book for 1910,"
published by the Mechanical World. Manchester.
Kng.. contains considerable new matter, includ-
ing an entirely new section on oil engines with
notes on crude oil engines by W. A. Tookey.
who haB also revised the Bcctlon on gas engines.
Condensed notes on the design of centrifugal
pumps have been contributed by B. M. Wood-
house, and a new section on ball bearings has
been included. Among other additions are the
following : Dimensions of marine boilers ; tapers
and angles : change wheels for cutting metric
pitches : hobs for cutting involute gears ; dimen-
sions of ring-oiled bearings ; emery wheel speeds,
etc.

Canadian Locomotive Works.

The Canadian Locomotive Works recently com-
pleted an up-to-date power house and a new
boiler shop. Plans have been drawn up for a
new erecting and tender shop and a new foundry.
These new departments will be equipped with
modern machinery greatly increasing the effi-
ciency and capacity of the plant.

International Harvester Co.

The International Harvester Co.. Hamilton,
have decided to spend $100,000 on enlarging their
plant. A large addition will be made to the
woodworking department. This will be followed
by another building to be used for a machine
and erecting shop.

Bolt and Nut Merger.

As announced in January Canadian Machinery.
Lloyd Harris. M.P.. Brantford. has been chosen
president and T. H. Watson. Toronto, vice-
president and general manager of the Canada
Bolt & Nut Co.. Toronto, the capitalization of
which is made up as follows : Bonds. 6 per
cent.. 20 years. $1,000,000: preferred. 7 per cent..
$1,250,000: common stock. $1,250,000- total $3 -
500,000.

The companies included are the Toronto Bolt
& Forging Co. : Brantford Screw Co.. Ganano-
que Bolt Co.. Belleville Iron & Horseshoe Co.
The remaining directors are G.-P. Grant, W. T.
Sampson and James Bicknell. Shareholders are
offered cumulative preferred shares, and in addi-
tion 25 per cent, bonus on the common stock.

1910 CALENDAR.

F. Reddaway. 50 St. Francois Xavier. Mont-
real, manufacturers of Camel Brand oak tanned
leather belting distributed a large office calendar
printed in two colors. An, instalation of a belt
outside is illustrated on the calendar.

Swansea Smelting and Refining Co., Toronto :
capital. $100,000 : to mine and treat, ores and
make articles of metals. Incorporators, A. E.
Knox. ('. F. Ritchie and J. H. Oldham. To-
ronto.

I'll'- Union Iron Works. Toronto : capital. $200.-
000 : to manufacture all kinds of machinery and
Implements, hardware, etc. Incorporators, J. T.
White, c. w. Wlddifield, and J. II. Cavell, To-
ronto.

The Eastern Electric and Development Co..
Sackville, N.B. ; capital, $250,000 ; to establish
electric works and manufacture electric ma-
chinery, appliances, devices, etc., and to generate
electric power for sale. Incorporators, Chas.
I'ickard. C. W. Fawcett. Sackville. and M. G.
Siddall. Pt. Elgin, N.B.

The Blair Engineering Co.. of Canada. Mont-
real ; capital. $100,000 : to take over the Blair
Engineering Co.. New York, and to make the
Blair indestructible port and bulk head for open-
hearth furnaces, as well as deal in machinery of
all kinds. Incorporators. Wm. Johnson. A. La
Rocque and M. Benoit, Montreal.

Martin Freres & Cle., Montreal, Que., have
been incorporated with a capital of $100,000. to
carry on business as manufacturers and dealers
in timber, lumber, logs, sashes, blinds, boxes and
woodwork generally : to own and operate timber
limits, sawmills, ^ash and door factories and
planing mills. Incorporators : T. B. Martin. F.
Martin and others, all of Montreal.

C>3

Big .Aluminum Wire Order.

The Aluminum Co.. of America, has just been
given a contract for 1,500. 000 pounds of alumi-
num wire from the Hydro-Electric Commissi.. a
of Ontario. The wire is for the first of a groat
series of electric installations which will place
that province in the front rank as a section for
the distribution of cheap power. The wire is
for power lines supplied from Niagara Foils,
and will cost about $400,000. It will be one-
half iiu-h in diameter and will be about half
the weight of topper. The lines will supply To-
ronto. Windsor. St. Catharines and Welle
Port Dalhousie and many other municipal;
with power to be used either for traction pur-
poses, electric lighting or .for manufacturing
purpose*. It is the plan to supply power by
this method throughout the entire province of
Ontario. The aluminum wire will be made and
drawn at the Niagara Falls and Massena. Que,,
plants of the Aluminum Co.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Canadian Machine Tool and Metal Markets

WINNIPEG.

Indications are that Winnipeg is to make vast
industrial strides within the next two years at
least. Every plant and machine shop in the city
is working at its full capacity this winter and
the business in all directions seems to be parti-
cularly bright for this season of the year. Al-
though there is only a small demand for new
machinery just now. the fact that trade from the
manufacturers' standpoint is good, the machine
tool trade has an excellent future. Steel work-
ing tools as yet have a weak market in this
centre and only specialties are in demand. This
is more particularly true of the smaller types.

The woodworking tool market has been and
continues to be better. The saw-milling indus-
tries of the west are becoming more and more
important and last fall many mills were equip-
ped, and orders are in for some large planing
machines and lathes. Construction machinery
which always forms a large part of the trade
in Western Canada is. of course, not called for
now, but next season the demand for all types
of hoisting engines, cranes and building ma-
chines will be very heavy.

The Stuart Machinery Co., are preparing to
take care of a large amount of the machinery
trade during the coming years. They will be in
their new premises within the next few weeks.

The Board of Control again took up the question
of appointing an inspector for machinery for the
city power plant, and decided to appoint the in-
spector selected by the power engineers provided
the cost would not exceed 1J per cent, of the
total cost of the machinery.

TORONTO.

Business continues to improve and some of
the machine tool manufacturers will not guar-
antee deliveries for five months. Among the
best selling lines during the past few weeks are
heavy railroad machinery, radial drills and
shapers. The prices of machine tools remain
steady, prices being kept up by the increasing
demand.

All the United States machinery centres re-
port the same state of trade. They report a
good volume of inquiries and a large percentage
of these are turned into orders and the ma-
chinery dealers are anticipating a good season.

In power lines Canadian manufacturers are
also busy. One manufacturer stated to Can-
adian Machinery that business during three
weeks of January 1910 equalled the business of
Jan. and Feb. 1909.

In the boiler trade, business is excellent and
all manufactdrers of power lines are very busy.
In electrical lines the demand for power equip-
ment is keeping the plants at Hamilton, To-
ronto and Peterboro very busy. Orders in this
line are increasing, a number of them being
placed In United States, England and Sweden.

MONTREAL.

An improvement is noted in trade although
it has not yet amounted to anything very sig-
nificant. The mid-winter dullness is hard to
sh..ke off, and users who buy at all ahead have
not yet started to figure out very seriously
what they may require for future needs. The
tone of the markets is very good. It was ex-
1 that tin and lead would be advanced,
but the primary markets fell away, and thus
iocal prices remain unaltered. All the way
round, however, prices are firm.

The pig iron and steel situation look very
promising. It is true that new business con-
tinues quiet, but the trade are glad of this as
It enables the plants to catch up with back or-
ders. Delivery is better, and the industry is
getting into good shape for the great business

that is anticipated later on. The situation in
the United States and the Old Country con-
tinues unchanged. There has been a stimulation
in iron buying in the States, with the finished
steel trade quiet. The elections in the Old
Country have disturbed the market there, but
trade had kept up well, and when the turmoil
is over plenty of business should break in.

Prices show a decided stability and a good de-
mand exists. Quotations are as follows : Sum-
merlee ranges from $23 to $24 ; Middlesboro No.
3 and Cleveland, $22 ; Glengarnock, $23.50 ; Jar-
row and No. 1 Clarence. $21.75 ; and Canadian
foundry iron. $22.

Speaking of the outlook H. J. Fuller, pres-
ident of Canadian Fairbanks Co.. Montreal,
says :

"We know, that many plants are projected to
be built during 1910. We ourselves, are, at the
present time, building a large addition to our
factory at Toronto, and a new factory in Mont-
real for the manufacture of a line not heretofore
made in Canada by us. We believe that during
the year 1910 we shall see higher prices and a
demand which will be difficult to meet, even
with all factories working to their utmost capa-
city. From one end of the country to the other,
nothing but the utmost optimism seems to pre-
vail, and unless the spring should be unusually
late and cold, and promise doubtful crops, we
pee no reason why 1910 should not be the great-
est and best year that Canada has ever seen."

W. S. Leslie, president of A. C Leslie & Co..
Montreal, says : — "We look upon the prospects
for the iron, steel and metal business as very
favorable on the whole. Already nearly all the
large buyers have shown their confidence by pur-
chasing good quantities for delivery as far into
the new year as producers would contract for :
prices generally are stiffening and the advance
seems to be fully justified by improvement in
general trade conditions, and there is very little,
if any, appearance of an attempt unnaturally
to boom prices. We look for a further improve-
ment as soon as the election in Great Britain
is over."

Wm. McMaster, vice-president and general
manager of the Montreal Rolling Mills, says :—
"I look forward to a larger business in iron
and steel products this year in comparison with
1909. The improvement in business in the Unit-
ed States, with the advances in prices, and the
better feeling as to values in Great Britain and
the Continent, all influence the opinion that
1910 will be a prosperous one for Canada.

CATALOGUES.

FLOATING REAMER HOLDER.— The Colborne
Machine Tool Co., Franklin. Pa., have issued
bulletin No. 40 which describes floating reamer
holders made in two sizes for vertical boring
mills with turret heads. They hold any make
or style of reamer with Morse taper shank. A
full description with prices is included in the
bulletin.

AMERICAN STATESMEN.— The Carborundum
Co., Niagara Falls, N.Y., have issued Vol. VII.,
of American Statesmen series which contains the
life history of Benjamin Franklin.

ELECTRIC WELDING.— The Toledo Electric
Welding Co.. 141 Tenth St.. Toledo, in a neat
booklet describes the process of electric welding
and the various machines. Prices are given
showing the cost of electric welding.

CONVEYORS.— Booklets 34 and 34 have been
recently issued by the Jeffrey Mfg. Co.. Colum-
bus. Ohio. The former deals with wire cable
conveyors for various purposes. The latter con-
tains descriptions of many styles of elevator
bucketB.

POLISHING LATHES.-A pamphlet from
Charles Taylor, machine tool maker, Bartholo-

mew St., Birmingham, fing., describes, giving
prices, patent ball bearing polishing lathes.

CRANES.— A catalogue dealing with railroad,
shop and yard cranes has recently been issued
by the Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., of Har-
vey, 111., a copy of which may be had on direct
application. This publication gives a general
outline of the purpose for which cranes are used
in railroad yards and shops. The illustrations
are reproduced from photographs of actual in-
stallations, and cover the entire railroad field.
From the handling of complete locomotives and
parti thereof to the transfer of freight, very
heavy loads .ire encountered and this company
have originated many special designs, including
gantry cranes for wheeling locomotives, travel-
ing cranes running on "circular track in round-
houses and service cranes.

SAND BLAST APPARATUS.— A pamphlet from
C. Drucklieb, 178 Washington St.. New York,
gives directions for connecting and operating the
injector sand blast.

CUTTING METALS.-Cutting and welding
metals by means of oxygen and hydrogen is the
subject of an illustrated booklet issued by the
American Oxhydrlo Co.. Milwaukee. Wis. The
process is fully explained.

INDUCTION MOTORS— Bulletin 301 from Allis-
Chalmers-Bullock, Montreal. deals with poly-
phase Induction Motors. These are described in
detail, instalations are shown and in addition
controllers, vertical motors are described. The
advantages of the induction motor are given in
the bulletin.

CUPOLAS.— Foundry Melting Equipment is the
subject of a catalogue from George Green & Co..
Keighley, Eng., describing cupolas, oil or gas
furnaces, blowers, etc. One of the most inter-
esting features is the "Emergency" cupola, in-
stalations of which, have been made in almost
every country on the globe, including the Brit-
ish Colonies.

CONTROLLING APPARATUS.— Adams Mfg.
Co., 106 New Bond St., London, have issued a
series of leaflets, now compiled in book form de-
scribing "Igranic" electric motor and dynamo
controlling apparatus for direct and alternating
current. All apparatus is fully described and il-
lustrated, the volume containing a great deal of
information making it a most useful one.

STEAM HAMMERS.— Catalogue 911 from the
Buffalo Foundry & Machine Co., East Ferry St.,
Buffalo, describes fully with illustrations the va-
rious types of Bell Steam Hammers.

MOLDING SAND MACHINES.— Catalogue 5
from the Standard Sand and Machine Co-
Cleveland, describes their mixers of various
type*, pulverizers, conveyors, etc.

JET CONDENSER.— A jet condenser giving a
vacuum of 28.75 inches of mercury which is so
designed that a thorough mixture of exhaust
steam and cooling water takes place and at
the same time the air present is prevented from
pocketing and is delivered to the air pump at
a minimum temperature, involves numerous in-
teresting departures in condenser design. These
features are brought out. and the general theory
of jet condenser construction discussed in a re-
print of the article, "A Radical Improvement
in Jet Condensers." This booklet is being dis-
tributed by the Wheeler Condenser & Engineer-
ing Co., ol Carteret. N. J.

UNIFORM TORQUE.— A pamphlet entitled.
"Arrangement of Engine Cylinders to Produce
Uniform Torque" has just been issued by the
American Engine Co.. of Bound Brook. N. J.
This pamphlet contains typical indicator cards
taken from the American Ball Angle Compound
Engine, and also a derived crank effort diagram.
This diagram shows that this type of engine
produces a torque which is nearly as uniform
as that given by steam turbines, while the
steam consumption is considerably less than
that of turbines. The booklet also contains a
discussion of the crank effort diagram and will
be sent free upon application.

64

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BROWNING

LOCOMOTIVE CRANES s
AUTOMATIC BUCKETS

Can be used with profit wherever material is handled

The photograph shows one of the many uses for which our cranes are available. With equipment of this kind,
coal, crushed stone or any loose material, can be handled, at the lowest possible labor cost. We also equip
these machines with a Lifting Magnet, current for it being generated on the crane by a separate engine. This
device has reduced the handling of steel and iron to one-fourth of what it formerly cost by the old method.
Considerable data bearing upon material handling problems of different kinds has accumulated in our hands and we
invite those interested to consult us. Our Bulletin 35-Y contains many useful hints and is sent free. Write to-day.

The Browning Engineering Company

CLEVELAND :: OHIO

New York Philadelphia Pittsburg Chicago Birmingham Kansas City San Francisco

65

CAtiAblAN Machinery

CALENDAR.— the Detroit Supply Co.. dealers
in facing, firebrick, foundry supplies and equip-
ment, Windsor, ha\e issued a 1910 calendar, print-
ed in large letters, making it very useful for of-
fice use.

CALENDAR.— F. H. Hopkins & Co., Montreal,
dealers in railway, contractors' and mining sup-
plies remembered their friends with their usual
calendar. It is printed in large type, making it
a useful article.

NOTEBOOK.— The Garvin Machine Co., Spring
and Varick Sts., New York, have issued their
annual notebook containing calendars of 1910-11.
It contains a great number of blank pages and
very few advertising pages, making a very handy
vest pocket notebook.

MACHINERY.— The Garvin Machine Co-
Spring and Varick Sts., New York City, have
issued an illustrated catalogue of 92 pages, edi-
tion G., January 1910. Besides descriptive mat-
ter of lathes, grinders, milling machine tools,
pulleys, etc.. it contains much valuable inform-
ation in regard to milling, gearing, belting, etc.,
giving tables of speeds, weights and strengths of
materials.

VERTICAL SURFACE GRINDER— Pratt &
Whitney Co., Hartford, Conn., pamphlet, refer-
ring to a new type of surface grinder recently
brought out by this company. This machine is
claimed to grind from 12 to 20 times faster than
any other surface grinder, due in part to the
cup shape of the grinding wheel, which covers
the entire width of the work' and insures flat-
ness, together with rapid reduction. The illustra-
tions show the method of fitting pieces to be
ground in the machine and also different kinds
of work that has been done on this grinder.

PUMPS.— Catalogue No. 6, issued by the
Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, .contains
illustrated descriptions of the various types of
Smart-Turner steam and power pumps includ-
ing piston, plunger pumps with pot valves, au-
tomatic feed pumps and receivers, compound

duplex pumps, triplex power pumps, centrifugal
pumps, etc. The accompanying tables give full
information in regard to the various sizes of
each type.

SMALL D. C. MOTORS— Small direct c irrcnt
motors have proved their value in every mo-
dern industry and are used for a tremendous
variety of applications, from running lathes to
operating organ blowers. The application of
these motors to laundry apparatus, printing
presses and other machinery with similar re-
quirements, has brought about changes and im-
provements in the rerpective industries which
are having an important effect on their devel-
opment. For this reason a bulletin just issued
by the Crocker-Wheeler Company, of Ampere,
N. J., describing apparatus of this type, has a
vital interest for every up-to-date manufacturer.
This pamphlet is well illustrated with half-tone
engravings, showing applications of Crocker-
Wheeler motors to various types of machinery.
It also contains a lot of very interesting and
valuable engineering information. A copy will
be gladly sent on request. In writing ask for
Bulletin No. 118.

BOOK REVIEWS.

ELEMENTS OF MACHINE DESIGN— By Dexter
S. Kimball, A.B., professor of machine design
at Cornell University, and John H. Barr,
M.S., M.M.E., manager Smith Premier Works.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, New York,
444 pages, 5J x 8£ ins., illustrated. Price $3.00
net.

The book is the outgrowth of the authors' ex-
perience in teaching machine design to the stu-
dents of engineering at Cornell University. It is
not a hand-book, nor is it a manual for the
drafting room but a discussion of the fund-
amental principles of design gathered together
and explained in such away and by the aid of
illustrative numerical examples as to be of use

ANNOUNCEMENT

BRUCE PEEBLES

O. COMPANY, LIMITED
EDINBURGH - SCOTLAND

are now represented in

CANADA

VANDELEUR & NICHOLS

DINEEN BLDG., TORONTO
SPECIALTIES :

DIRECT and ALTERNATING CURRENT

DYNAMOS and MOTORS for all

Conditions of Service

PEEBLES-LACOUR MOTOR CONVERTERS

STEAM TURBO ALTERNATORS

TRACTION MOTORS

as suggesting proper treatment of practical pro-
blems occuring daily in the manufacturing world.
The book is prepared with the end in view of
developing rational analytical treatment with
due regard to practical limitations, and of re-
ducing the analysis to such forms that definite
numerical results can be obtained in concrete
problems.

ELECTRICAL POCKET BOOK— Published by
Emmett & Co., 65 King St., Manchester,
Eng., 270 pages, 4x6 ins., illustrated. Price
1<5 cents, postpaid.
The 1910 issue of the Mechanical World Elec-
trical Pocket Book has been revised, large ad-
ditions having been made on electric lamps and
lighting. The following new sections have been
introduced : motor converters, cables, wiring,
meters, switciies, etc. The book has been print-
ed on thin tough paper reducing the bulk and
incidentally reducing postage.

FUEL TESTS WITH ILLINOIS COAL.^Issued
as Circular No. 3 of the Engineering Exper-
iment Station of the University of Illinois, pre-
sents the results of an elaborate series of tests
conducted at the fuel testing plant of the Unit-
ed States Geological Survey. The circular is
compiled by L. P. Breckenridge and Paul Diser-
ens. It deals only with coals taken from mines
within the State of Illinois. The investigations
described include steaming tests under boilers,
gas producer tests, washing tests, coking tests,
briquetting tests, and tests to determine com-
position and heating value. From the results
stated it appears (1) that the average calorific
value of Illinois coal (ash and moisture free)
is 14319 B.t.u. ; (2) that its evaporating effi-
ciency is but slightly affected by the moisture
it contains ; (3) that its evaporative efficiency
decreases as the ash and sulphur content in-
creases, and that when burned in a hand-fired
furnace its evaporative efficiency decreases as the
amount of fine coal contained in it increases
(4) the performance of Illinois coal in a gas
producer compares favorably with that of any
other bitumiuous coai tested at the U.S.G.S.
laboratory ; (5) one-fourth of all the samples
tested may bo used for the manufacture of coke;
(6) briquetting improves the evaporative effi-
ciency of Illinois coals only when the raw coal
is in the form of slack or screenings.

Copies of Circular No. 3 may be obtained
gratis upon application to W. F. M. Goss. Di-
rector of the Engineering Experiment Station
University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.

Trade Notes.

Crosier, Stephens & Co.. Newcastle-on-Tyne,
remembered their customers at New Years with
an aluminum envelope opener. Crosier, Stephens
& Co., are specialists in aluminum manufacture.

The Skaleoff Co.. Montreal, have been ap-
pointed Canadian agents for Beldam's Pilot
Packing. This packing is one that is especially
adapted to the use of superheated steam, being
. a combination of white metal and asbestos. It
is made with a special ploth when for use with
ammonia or on pumps.

BECKER STEEL AGENCY.

A neat catalogue on bond paper show-
ing colored labels has been issued by
the Becker Steel Co., Philadelphia. This
catalogue was sent out by William Ab-
bot, 334 St. James St., Montreal, who
has been appointed sole agent for Becker
steels in Canada. The line includes high
grade tool steels, nickel and tungsten al-
loy steels and tool steel tubing. Prices
are given f.o.b. Montreal, and tables of
weights, rules for forging, hardening,
grinding, annealing, etc., making a very
useful catologue.

66

Some Notes on the Cost of Operating Machine Tool

A Full Knowledge of Costs is Essential in Manufacturing — This Article Re-
printed from the Electric Journal gives the Cost of Operating Machine Tools.

By \. G. POPCKE.

In addition to the wages of the ma-
chinist, there are other hourly operat-
ing expenses which must be charged
against each tool in a machine shop.
These will be referred to in this article
as machine-hour rates. They include a
proportional share of the general
charges and also specific charges relat-
ing to each specific tool. The conditions
are somewhat similar to those encoun-
tered in central stations. Before com-
petition was very great, it was consid-
ered sufficient to figure the cost of gen-
erating power from the amount of coal
and water consumed, and the wages of
the power house attendants. Many in-
dustrial plants of considerable size
that generate their own power still use
this method. Most central station man-
agers, however, have found it necessary,
as the demand for power increased and
the business became more complicated,
to figure more closely and to analyze
more thoroughly, all their expenses,
among which are interest and deprecia-
tion on the cost of all buildings and
equipment, salaries of officials, engineer-
ing staff, clerk, miscellaneous office ex-
penses and advertising charges.

General Charges.

In a machine shop these charges may
be considered under three general heads
— fixed charges, variable charges and
salaries. They can be determined for a
given shop at intervals of a month 01
more and then divided among the sever-
al machines. The best method of mak-
ing this division depends on so many
local conditions that no general rules
can be given. If all the tools are do-
ing work of the same general class and
are in use approximately the same pro-
portion of the total time, a part of the
total general charge can be set off
against each tool in proportion to the
floor space occupied by both the tool
and the material on which it works.
The general charge against each tool
continues whether the tool is operating
or idle, and the method of dividing the
general charges must always take this
fact into consideration.

Fixed charges include interest, insur-
ance, and taxes on the investment in
buildings and auxiliary equipment, such
as heating and ventilating systems, fire
appliances, benches, cranes, etc. If a
shop is rented, the rental must include

the foregoing charges and an additional
sum for profit to the owner.

Variable charges include repairs on
buildings and equipment to maintain
the efficiency, losses due to breakage,
defective material, defective design,
workmanship, etc.

Salaries include cost of management,
superintendence, engineering and de-
signing, clerical work, care of plant,
miscellaneous labor, etc.

Specific Charges.

In addition to the foregoing general
charges, the cost of operating a tool is
affected by the following specific charges
which can be determined for each tool :

Interest on the cost of the tool and
its auxiliaries.

Depreciation of the tool and its aux-
iliaries.

Cost of power consumed by the tool.

The interest on the cost of the tool

is fairly taken at six per cent. A reas-

9

1

«

E |

.■

■

fvx

ARsI 11V

ft*

i

T T i 7 1

Fig. 1. — Depreciation at 10 | er cent. Reducing
Balance.

onable method of making allowance for
depreciation, in most cases, is to allow
ten per cent, of a reducing balance ;
that is, ten per cent, of the first cost
is charged off the first year, then ten
per cent, of the remaining cost the sec-
ond year, and ten per cent, of that re-
mainder the third year, etc. This me-
thod is based on the fact that the ap-
paratus actually decreases in value year
by year. Allowance for depreciation in
any given year can be made by the aid
of Fig. 1. This curve gives the per.
cent, of the first cost corresponding
each year to ten per cent, on the re-
duced balance. For example, the curve
shows that the depreciation on a tool
that has been in service five years will
be 6.6 per cent, of the original cost. If
this cost was $3,800 the allowance for
depreciation during the sixth year, ac-

cording to the ten per cent, reducing
balance method, is $3,800 multiplied by
0.066 equals $250.80. Since this amount
is ten per cent, of the reduced cost the
value of the tool at the end of the fifth
year is $2,508.

Costs of Power.

Tools for special work which will be
discontinued after a comparatively lim-
ited period depreciate in value much
more rapidly than is indicated by the
foregoing method ; a special allowance,
generally known as utility depreciation,
should be made for such tools.

The cost of power for each tool can
be obtained by ascertaining the power
demand in kilowatts per hour and mul-
tiplying this number of power units by
the cost per unit and the number of
working hours. If power is generated
under the shop management, its cost
must be determined from the station
records ; if purchased, the contract
price must be used. If the machines
are equipped with individual motors re-
cords for each class of work may) easily
be obtained by the use of graphic re-
cording meters. These records will
show what the standard conditions
should be and what they actually are.
Check records may be taken frequently
to see that all machines are working at
the desired efficiency.

Each machine may be considered as a
manufacturing centre and the general
charge against it as rental. Each centre
receives its material from another, per-
forms some work on it and passes it on
with an added value to the next centre.
This added value, less the general and
specific charges, is the profit accruing
to each centre. Since the general
charge is continuous, it is evident that
each centre must do more than enough
work to meet this charge, otherwise it
will show a loss ; also it is evident that
the more work there is done in each
centre, the greater the profit.

By determining the costs outlined in
Table I and classifying them as in
Table II, improvements in operating
conditions will suggest themselves and
if put into effect, the operating costs
can usually be reduced. The data in
Table II was obtained by the aid of
graphic recording meters in connection
with motor-driven machine tools. The
data in this table is typical of condi-
tions in many large machine shops. The

£p»

*>

CANADIAN MACHINERY

figures given indicate the following di-
vision of total operating charges :

Variable charges from 50 to 55 per cent.
Salaries from 25 to 30 per cent.
Interest on cost of machine tools from

5 to 10 per cent.
Depreciation on cost of machine tools

from 5 to 10 per cent.
Fixed charges 3 per cent.
Powder 1 per cent.

Table II shows no machine-hour rates
less than 48 cents an hour. Usually the
machine-hour rates are at least 50 per

erating expenses, the increased earnings
by motor operation will be 0.20 multi-
plied by $2,470, or $494 per year.

If both interest at six per cent, and
depreciation at ten per cent, be consid-
ered, $494 represents a capitalization of
$3,087 ; that is, to effect an increase
of 20 per cent, in production, this
amount could be added to the invest-
ment without change of net profit. This
mill can be operated by a 7.5 horse-
power motor, and the cost of such a
motor, including a controller and the

machine tool operation are continually
being developed, and should be taken
advantage of when any such changes in
equipment are being made.

TABLE I.

-LIST OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC
MACHINE TOOLS.

CHARGES AGAINST

General Charges Against Total Shop.

depreciation on buildings

Fixed Charges:
Interest and
and accessories

Variable Charges :

Repairs and renewals.
General operating expenses.

Salaries :

Supervision.
Engineering.
Clerical.

Charges Against Each Machine Tool.
■Proportional share of total fixed charge.

Proportional share of total variable charge

Proportional share of total salaries.

cent, greater than the operator's pay.
It is perfectly evident from this that
consideration of the operator's pay
alone gives results far from correct,
when the total cost of operation is un-
der consideration.

In some cases it has been found that
the introduction of individual motor
drive has resulted in an increase of 20
per cent, on production as well as mak-
ing it possible to obtain accurate data
by means of graphic recording watt-
meters. To obtain such results, how-
ever, the motors must be properly ap-
plied and the method of control must
be suitable for the service. Machine
tool builders are generally prepared to
equip old line-shaft driven tools with
additional parts to fit them for motor
drive ; with few exceptions the advan-
tages of motor drive for such machines,
if in good condition, are nearly as great
as for new machines. Heavier cuts are
possible with motors than with line
shaft drive, but the old tools are not
usually strong enough to permit taking
full advantage of this possibility.

The saving to be made by installing
an indivihual motor may be illustrated
by assuming that the 60-in. boring mill
cited in Table II was shaft driven. The
machine-hour rate is $0.53, and if the
workman receives $0.35 per hour, the
total operating cost is $0.88 per hour,
or $2,470 per year of 2,808 hours (54
hours per week). This machine if pro-
perly equipped for motor drive will
give at least 20 per cent, increased out-
put with practically no increased oper-
ating cost. Assuming that the machine's
earnings are only enough to cover op-

Interest on cost of tool.
Depreciation on cost of tool.
Cost of power for tool.

necessary changes in the machine, would
amount to possibly $500 or about one-
sixth the warranted investment. From
the other point of view, the interest
and depreciation on $500 at 16 per cent,
is $80, which deducted from the total
saving, $494, effected by the motor
drive, leaves $414 per year net gain.

In some cases the conditions will war-
rant the installation of a complete new

THIS MAY NOT MEAN YOU, BUT—

If you work for a man, in heaven's
name, work for him. If he pays wages
that supply you your bread and butter,
work for him, speak well of him, think
well of him, stand by him, and stand
by the institution he represents. I
would not work for him part of his
time, but all of his time. I would give
an undivided service or none.

If put to the pinch, an ounce of loy-
alty is worth a pound of cleverness.

If you must vilify, condemn and eter-
nally disparage, why resign your posi-
tion, and when you are outside damn
to your heart's content. But, I pray
you, so long as you are a part of an
institution, do not condemn it. Not
that you will injure the institution —
not that— but when you disparage the
concern of which you are a part, you
disparage yourself.

And don't forget, "I forgot" won't
do in business. — Elbert Hubbard.

A very ingenious method of overcom-
ing the friction of intermeshing gears
has recently been devised. The gear-
teeth are electro-magnetically held in en-
gagement, without actually contacting.
The teeth of the driving-gear are mag-

TABLE II.— MACHINE HOUR RATES-EXPRESSED IN DOLLARS.

^— Charges per hour in dollars. \

Total, or

Vari- In- "Deprecia- Mach-Hr.

Type of Machine. Fixed. able. Salaries, terest. tion. Power. Rate.

Vertical Boring Mills —

40 inches to 60 inches 0.02 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.53

72 inches to 100 inches : 0.04 0.45 0.25 0.08 0.08 0.01 0.91

la feet to 14 feet 0.05 0.80 0.40 0.15 0.15 0.02 1.57

16 feet to 24 feet Ext 0.08 2.00 1.00 0.30 0.30 0.03 3.71

Av. percent of total 3 52 28 8 8 1 100

Radial Drills— 5 feet : 0.02 0.30 0.20 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.59

Radial Drills— 10 feet 0.04 0.60 0.35 0.09 0.09 0.01 1.18

Av. percent of total 3 51 31 7 7 1 100

Engine Lathes— 30 inches to 40 inches 0.02 0.25 0.12 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.48

Engine Lathes— 40 inches to 60 inches 0.03 0.50 0.25 0.10 0.10 0.01 0.99

Av. percent of total 3 51 25 10 10 1 100

Planers— 36 inches to 56 inches 0.04 0.55 0.30 O.05 0.05 0.01 1.00

Planers-*- 7 feet to 10 feet 0.06 1.10 0.60 0.15 0.15 0.02 2.08

Planers— 12 feet to 14 feet 0.15 2.60 1.40 0.25 0.25 0.03 4.68

Av. per cent of total 3 55 30 5.5 5.5 1 100

•It is assumed that machines have been installed six years, so that the depreciation is six
per cent on basis of ten per cent reducing balance. See Fig. 1.

equipment instead of equipping the old
tool with a motor. The new tool will
require increased investment, but will
make possible more rapid work by tak-
ing heavier cuts, thereby warranting
the investment. Whether to equip an
old machine with a motor or to install
a new motor-driven tool is a question
calling for careful consideration in order
to" obtain the best results, as im-
proved methods of applying motors to

30

net iseil by means of suitable coils, while
the teeth of the driven gear serve in
pairs as armatures for the magnetised
teeth. Of course, such an arrangement
would hardly be suitable for slow, heavy
work, because the cost of current would
be greater than that of lubricating-oil
and the loss due to friction, but for
light, high-speed work the electro-mag-
nectie engagement would undoubtedly
prove very advantageous.

1

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Grinding Wheels — Their Manufacture and U

Modern Grinding Wheel Practice : Mounting Wheels : Why a Grinding
Wheel Cuts. From an Illustrated Talk at McGill University, Feb. 9, 1910

By E. W. DODGE

ses

Alundum, the grit or cutting- material
used in the manufacture of Norton grind-
ing wheels, is made from bauxite, a hy-
drate of alumina. The electric furnace
purifies it and the analysis of alundura
will run nearly as high as the ruby in
crystalline aluminum oxide, and the high-

Correct Meth *d of Mounting a Wheel, showing
Flanges One-half the Diameter and
Properly Relieved.

er the crystalline aluminum oxide, the
greater ils cutting efficiency as an abras-
ive.

The base of the abrasive qualities of
emery and corundum is crystalline alum-
inum oxide. Emery contains from 35 to
40 per cent impurity in the form of iron,
silica and lime. Corundum is practically
a pure aluminum oxide, but is never ob-
tained in its pure state, on account of
the matrix in which it is found.

The efficiency of an abrasive does not
always depend on its hardness. The re-
sistance of its grain to fracture is its
most important property. This should
be proportionate to the pressure at which
it is to be used. In internal grinding,
where the wheel is small and mounted on
the end of a slim spindle, we not only-
use a weak bond, but also an abrasive
that will fracture easily. If the grain
itself did not break so as to leave new
cutting surfaces, it would be impossible
to do good and fast work on account of
glazing and. heat.

On heavy work, such as steel castings
where large wheels are used and pieces
weighing from 45 to 100 pounds are
thrown against them, we must have a
tough abrasive that will not break down
until we have reached the glazing point.

This range of toughness of grain is
known by us as "temper," and an abras-
ive which cannot be made in different
degrees of temper is not adapted to all
classes of grinding.

In the making of alundum, manipula-
tion of furnace and the mixtures which
are used in, it give us all the tempers re-
quired.

The mineral bauxite is a hydrate of
alumina containing one-third water of

combination. The water is expelled by
the means of a rotary calciner, the
cylinder of the calciner shown here be-
ing 60 feet in length and is heated by
two gas producers, and the material be-
ing fed in from the end farthest from
the fire. The material is discharged, free
from water, at the producer end. The
machine is continuous and will calcine
40 tons of bauxite daily.

After calcining, the ore is ready for
the electric furnace. These furnaces are
conical-shaped pots, which stand on a
car and heated by two vertical electrodes,
which are gradually raised as the molten
bauxite fills the furnace. 2200 electric
horse-power is used in the furnace room.
When the fusion is complete, the furnace
is pushed out under an electric crane,
the product lifted off and placed on the
cooling tloor until eold enough to handle.
The fusions contain about three tons of
abrasive material.

In the scheme of reduction to pre-
pare aluiulum for manufacture into
wheels, it is passed through a series of
crushers, rolls, roasters, washers, dryers
and grading sieves. It must be crushed
and graded to a great many sizes, which
are designated by numbers ranging all
the way from 10 to 200. Finer ma-
terials than No. 200 grain are called
flours. . The flours are used largely in
rubbing and sharpening stones, razor
hones, etc. The grains are numbered ac-
Bording to the meshes per linear inch
through which they have passed in grad-
ing. By No. 30 grain is meant the size

Testing Wheels.

Norton alundum wheels are tested im-
mediately before shipment at approxi-
mately 10,000 surface feet per minute.
The testing is done mi motor-driven ma-
chines equipped with variable speed mo-
tors, the revolutions per minute being
indicated by tachometers. The banting
limits of all grinding wine's vary in
proportion to their grade of hardness.
Breakages do not occur in grinding
wheels made by standard makers from
any inherent weakness I hey may con-
tain, but ratter from insufficient care
taken in their use and mounting.

The most common causes of accidents
are: Catching of work between wheel
and rest; mounting them between flanges
that bear unevenly when nut is tight-
ened; not using any flanges and simply
screwing a nut against the wheel; allow-
ing the arbors to become loose in the
boxes from wear; allowing wheels to
get out of truth.

All wheels are tested against standard
wheels to establish their grade of hard-
ness, special machines being used for
i his purpose. Every wheel is thorough-
ly inspected before shipment by an in-
spection department, and no wheel can
lie shipped without having passed this
department and without the signature of
I lie inspector on the order check.
Grits and Grades.

Grinding wheels are made in many
combinations of grain and grade to meet
the variety of conditions under which
they are used. The shipping tag of each
wheel bears a number and grade letter.
For example, 30-M; thirty designates
that No. 30 grain was used in the manu-
facture of that wheel. The letter of the
alphabet designates the grade of- hard-
ness, which grade is determined by skill-
ed graders, with the aid of grading ma-
chines. When the retentive properties of

Three Types of Protection Flanges.

that will pass through a grading sieve
having 30 meshes to the linear inch; No.
20 grain, 20 meshes, etc.

Truing is done by means of cutters of
stamped steel or chilled iron, and on
fine wheels or where sharp corners are
desired diamonds are used.

the bond are great, the wheel is called
"hard"; when the grains are easily bro-
ken out "it is called "soft." A wheel is
of the proper grade when its cutting
grains are automatically replaced when
dull. Wheels that are too hard glaze.
Dressing re-sharpens them, the points of

CANADIAN MACHINERY

the dresser breaking out and breaking
off the cutting grains by percussion.

Soft wheels are used on hard ma-
terials, like hardened steel. Here the
cutting particles are quickly dulled and
must be renewed. On softer materials,
like mild steel and wrought iron, harder
grades can be used, the grains not dull-
ing so quickly.

The area of surface to be ground in
contact with the wheel is of the utmost
importance in determining grade. If
it is a point contact, like grinding a
ball, or an extremely narrow fin is to
be removed, we must use a very strongly
bonded wheel, on account of the leverage
exerted on its grain, this tending to tear
out the cutting particles before they
have done their work. If we have a
broad contact, like grinding a hole or
where the work brings a large part of
the wheel into operation, the softer
grades must be used, because the depth
of cut is so infinitely small that the cut-
ting points in work become dulled quick-
ly and must be renewed, or the wheel
glazes and loses its efficiency.

Protection Hood.

Vibrations in grinding machines cause
percussion on the cutting grains, neces-
sitating harder wheels. Wheels mounted
on rigid machines can be softer in grade
and are much more efficient.

Running speed in practice are from
4,000 to 6,000 surface feet, depending on
work, condition of machine, and mount-
ing. Generally speaking, grinding of
tools, cutters and surface grinding, is
done at about 4,000 to 5,000 feet. Snag-
ging and rough forms of hand-grinding
are done at 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Cylin-
drical grinding, or where the work is
rigidly held and the wheel feed is under
control, is done at from 5,500 to 6,500
feet, and in some instances as high as
7,500 feet. These speeds apply to vitri-
fied, silicate and elastic wheels.

Mountings.
Users of grinding wheels are begin-
ning to realize the importance of mount-
ing them in a safe and proper manner.
Fig. 1 shows flanges one-half the dia-
meter of the wheel properly relieved bo
as to bring the bearing of the flange as
far out on the diameter of the wheel as

possible. The rubber washers tend to
take up any imperfections in the wheel
or flange.

The three types of protection flanges
shown are good if properly designed. The
criticism of all protection flanges is that
they do not prevent that part of the
wheel outside of the flange from flying
in ease of accident. Probably the best
protection for a grinding wheel is the
protection hood shown. This device pre-
vents pieces of wheel from flying all
over the shop and protects the vital
parts of the operator's anatomy.

Before starting up the machine after
a new wheel has been mounted, care
should always be taken that the belt
has been shifted to the proper pulley.
As a grinding wheel decreases in dia-
meter, in order to maintain the same
surface speed the belt should be shifted
to a smaller pulley. The belt should
never be left on the smaller pulley, how-
ever, when mounting a new wheel of
larger diameter. In places where many
wheels are used, instead of shifting the
belt two or three sizes of machines are
used and when the wheel is worn down
to a certain diameter, it is changed to
a machine with higher speed.

It is well to remember that the ef-
ficiency of any grinding wheel is pro-
portionate to its periphery speed. The
following notice is used in many places
with good results, it being posted direct-
ly on front of the machine:

Machine Number

Spindle Revolutions

Diameter of Grinding Wheel not over

inches.

Take off Wheel at inches.

Notify Foreman when Wheel needs

Dressing.
In connection with this, it is good
practice to have one man mount, change
belts and dress all wheels.

Machines should also be equipped with
dust systems. There are many grinding
rooms in our older shops where the ma-
chines are placed in rooms without ven-
tilation or light. Grinding raorus should
necessarily be well ventilated on account
(if the dust. The dust system prevents
wear and tear on the shafting, machin-
ery and belts. It makes the grinders
feel better and the man is just as ef-
ficient as he feels. Machines on foun-
dations are much less liable to vibration
and lack of vibration means wheel econ-
omy.

Why a Grinding Wheel Cuts.
Some idea of the reason why a grind-
ing wheel can cut work to size in less
time than the same work can be sized
by the turning tool may be had when it
is known that a 24x4-ft. wheel, when used
on a modern machine, will remove ap-
proximately one billion, eighty-six mil-
lion, one hundred and seventy-one thous-
and (1,086,171.000) chips per minute. Tt

3*

has been figured out that there are ap-
proximately one million, eighty-six thous-
and, one hundred and seventy-one (1.-
086.171) cutting points on the wheel
face each cutting off a chip one thousand
times per minute.

There seems to be considerable mis-
understanding in the mechanical world
as to what is going on when a grinding
wheel is removing stock. One very often
hears the expression, "This wheel cuts;
it does not grind," the intention being
to impress the hearer with the thought
that that particular wheel has in it some
virtue of cutting which other grinding
wheels have not.

It is, of course, true that many wheels
cut poorly, due to improper grain and
grade. So do many tools which have not
been correctly tempered. Because some
of the cutting particles of grinding
wheels are blunt or even round does not
prevent their cutting.

We can all remember when we could
not conceive of a lathe-tool as capable
of cutting unless it had a sharp and
raking edge. But modern high-speed
steels have shown us that tools without
sharp edges or sharp points cut off the
greatest quantity of chips in the short-
est time. The material of these steels
and their proper heat treatment for cur-
ting high speeds is the secret of their
success.

So with grinding wheels. The material
■removed by a good grinding w-heel is re-
moved in the same manner as by the
turning tool. It is cut just the same.
With the grinding wheel, the chips are
so very small that we do not recognize
them as such without the aid of the
microscope. The microscope clear!}
shows them to be shavings identical with
the cuttings from steel tools, except that
they are of many different shapes and
angles of clearance. Some have a rak-
ing cut, some a dragging cut. In dry
grinding, the chips are generally dis-
colored from the heat. If the wheel is
too hard, we find the grinding* full of
globules and molten metal.

Wet grinding gives us better-shaped
chips and of about their natural color,
indicating that the water has served to
lubricate and to keep the cutting edges
of the grain sharp and the work cool.

Examination will show a difference
in chips of the same grade of steel
ground dry from those produced by wet
grinding. The chips from dry grinding
usually show globules of molten steel.
while those produced by wet grinding
are more regular, and about the natural
color of the metal.

Manganese steel is a hard and tough
material which cannot be touched with
any kind of a turning tool and unless
an abundance of water is used, when
grinding, we get burned chips.

The Design of Bevel Gears ; Shafts Acute and Obt

use

Part II. on the Design and Manufacture of the Varions Types of Gears,
Giving Information and Tables of Great use to Mechanical Men.

By G. D. MILLS

This article introduces a method for
the calculation of all bevel gears other
than those with shafts at right angles,
■which, has been described in Part I. The
method with 'which the centre angles are
calculated, and from which the formulas
are derived, can be better understood
by referring to Fig. 2. The diagram
contains the two half-pitch diameters
drawn at an angle which is always 180
degrees minus the angle of shafts, and
the two shaft-centre lines form the bal-
ance of the quadrilateral figure, the
corners of this figure have been con-
nected by two straight lines, one of

Fig. 1— Pair of Gears. Shafts Acute.

which is the diameter of the enclosing
circle, divides the angle of shafts, and
runs through the centre of working depth
of teeth, as they mesh.

A careful inspection of Fig. 2 reveals
the fact, that in order to determine
either centre angle G or C, we
have but to calculate angle b or angle a,
and since the included angle m is al-
ways 180 degrees minus the angle of
shafts L, we have the included angle and
(wo sides, viz: the two half-pitch diam-
eters, with which we may proceed with
the operation of calculating angle a. In
the right hand corner of Fig. 2, the
half-pitch diameter of gear has been ex-
tended to n and a perpendicular erected

'to 1, thus making a right triangle pnl
tangent a or tangent c, is therefore the
distance nl divided by the distance np,
while the lengths nl and nk may be
readily found by multiplying the half-
pitch diameter of pinion by the sine and
cosine of angle e. which is equal to the

angle of shafts L, and from which is
derived the formula for shafts acute.

N, sin L

Tangent C=

(N3 cos L")-fN2
(I have substituted the number of teeth
in place of pitch diameters, as in pari

L = An<jlt cf Shafts

G m Center Angle of Gear =» drtcjle h

C = „ - Pinion ^- „ " cl"

m. - included angle of Pitch Pianrcters = /SO°— L-

e = supplement cf oniric ' rn " - angle of shafts "L"

Fig. 2.— Calculating Angles.

Fig. 3.— fair of Bevel Gears, Shalts Acute.

33

CANADIAN MACHINERY

I.). Angle Q is found by deducting angle
C from angle of shafts L.

When shafts are at an obtuse angle,
however, the included angle m is obliged
to be acute and another formula re-
quired to calculate angle C, this is ex-
plained later on, there being but two
formulas necessary to calculate the
centre angles of shafts acute and ob-
tuse, and from these angles all other
angles may be readily found. Fig. 2
is aiianged with shafts acute. A dia-
gram of shafts obtuse presents a some-
what different quadrilateral figure, and
the figure is still more complicated in
broad obtuse shafts. The method, how-
ever, is correct for all three, it is proved
in the 6th Book of Euclid, proposition

"T"

^ pitch d.amittr of Grar - 4

Fig. 4. — Calculating Gears, Shafts Acute.
33-c, also 3rd Book of Euclid proposi-
tion 21. I have deemed it expedient to
prove the method, that the formulas may
be followed with confidence.

Only a few years ago many gear
manufacturers obtained their angles by
measuring the drawing with a protrac-
tor, which method has, however, proved
unreliable, and the necessity of calculat-
ing the angles, apparent.

In the three examples which follow,
are arranged a pair of gears with acute
shafts, and two pairs with obtuse shafts;
together with a mode of procedure,
which can be relied upon, to give ab-
solutely correct results in every case.

Fig. 3 contains a pair of bevel gears
with shafts at an acute angle, and fol-
lowing are a list of formulas necessary

for their calculation. We shall proceed
as in Part I. Shafts at right angles, and
the same tooth formulas may be used,
The diameter of blank, angle increment

A

_1_

Fig. 6. — Calculating Angles, Shafts Obtuse.

cutting angle, angle of edge, and number
of teeth to select cutter from are as in
90 degree shafts. The angle of blank,
however, must be found separately for
each wheel, by deducting from 90 degrees
the sum of the centre angle and angle in-
crement, and the centre angles calculated
first by the formulas for acute shafts.

Taslc or Formulas raR

A c

oXE: Shafts

L -.„„,/•

of shaft*

B-tmm

aiujlc at ijtar — Olifh of

„/„,-,.-„,„

H .

B-L-C

. ..-.„„.„- . .

■ ' P'n

ai rtc

'u,,i>*|\™L] + /,

A —ml.

mrrrir>?nt- . . t*n A

im

ImA-fff

E^rvtftnq anijle of qear .

E,-G-A

£- .

■ ■ P'"""1 ■

.E-C-A

B =unqtt

of blonH of qear .

B,-SCT-(6+A)

3- .

. . . pinion.

B,-B0-IC*A)

q mdim*

ft of ileinU of qear

0-lt.,.„.s)t-D.

Q =

' - P'n.'on.

.q-f«.«.<».cjfii

Number of tetth to

Kltct Cu'fe

hr Ge
.Pin,

•'.-§*

N-nemtr

r of tttth in qtar. . .

•M *ob/r Of tool)

A™/,.

Nf=

' ' r"n'on ■ ■

-

D^e.teh

Jfrmrtr of qtor

. .

■

-

Our angle of shafts is to be 60 degrees,
and we shall select, as in Part I., 32 and
16 teeth 4-pitch and our tooth dimen-
sions may be calculated as before, they
will be found noted on Fig. 3. Before
calculating the centre angles, let us
briefly review Fig. 2. It has been proved
that angle a is equal to angle C, and that
the included angle m is always 180 de-

Fig. 5.— Bevel Gears, Shafts Obtuse.

grees minus the angle of shafts L, conse-
quently our formula only deals with the
upper portion of Fig 2, which will be
found in Fig. 8. Therefore tangent a
or tangent C=
X. sin. L 16X-866

= =.3464

(N, cos L)+N, (16X-5)+32
and its angle is 19 degrees — 6' — 22"
=11,. Angle Gf is obtained by deduct-
ing angle C from angle of shafts L
or 60 degrees minus 111 degrees — 6' —
22 "=40 degrees— 53'— 38"=!^. Angle
increment is found as in 90-degree
sin C .3273

shafts, tangent A= "-= =

JN, 8

.0409. and its angle is 2 degrees — 20' —
4.'!". From these angles the others are
readily found.

Cutting Angles.

The cutting angle of gear E,=G — A
or 40 degrees — 53'— 38" minus 2 degrees
—20'— 43 "=38 degrees— 33'. The cut-
ting angle of pinion E„=C — A or 19
degrees — 6' — 22" minus 2 degrees — 20'
—43 "=16 degrees— 45 j '. Angle of
of blank of gear B=90 degrees— (G+
A ) or 90 degrees minus (40 degrees —
53'— 38" plus 2 degrees— 20'— 43") =
46 degrees — 45J '. Angle of blank of
pinion B=90 degrees — (C -f A) or 90
degrees minus (19 degrees — 6' — 22" plus
2 degrees— 20'— 43")= 68 degrees— 33'.
It will be noticed that the centre angles
and angle increment have been calculat-
ed to seconds, in order to determine the
other angles in degrees and minutes, as
correct as possible. The above angles
have also been noted on Fig. 3, in their
proper place, and we may proceed to
calculate the diameter of blanks and
size cutters to select. As in Part I. 90-
degree shafts, we have 'been obliged to
wait until the angles were calculated.
The diameter of blank of gear 0,=(2, s,
cos G)+D,= (2 X .25"X-7559)+8"=
8.378 inches, and the diameter of blank
of pinion 02=(2.s. cos C)+T) =(2.X-25
X-9449)+4"=4.472 inches. The num-
ber of teeth to select cutter for gear=
N, 32

= =42, or a 4 pitch involute

cos G .7559

bevel gear cutter, which will cut 42
teeth. The number of teeth to select
N2 16

cutter for pinion= = =17

Cos. C .9449
or a 4-pitch involute bevel gear cutter,
which will cut 17 teeth.

Shafts Obtuse.

We may proceed with the calculations
of shafts obtuse. In the diagram. Fig. 5.
are arranged a gear and pinion with
shafts at an angle of 120 degrees. We
shall select a speed ratio of 1J to 1 or
24 and 16 teeth 4-pitch from which the

34

CANADIAN MACHINERY

tooth dimensions may be calculated as
before, t hey are noted on Fig. 5.

In calculating the centre angles of ob-
tuse shafts, we shall require another
formula. The upper portion of a dia-
gram of obtuse shafts similar to Fig.
2, would appear as in Fig. 6.

As before, we have two sides, and the
included angle m, which is acute, when
shafts are at an obtuse angle. Tangent
a. or tangent C may be readily deter-
mined by dividing the distance In, by the
distance np and the lengths In and nk
found by multiplying the half pitch di-
ameter of pinion by the sine and cosine
of angle of shafts L, which is the sine
and consine of its supplement, or sine
and cosine of angle m. From this is
derived the formula for obtuse shafts.
N2 sine L 16X-866

Tangent C= = =

N — (N.eosL) 24— (16X-">)
=.866, and its angle is 40 deg.— 53 J '=
H. Centre angle G=L— C or 120 de-

2(i'. These angles have been noted in
their proper place on Fig. 5, and we may
conclude our calculations for obtuse
shafts, by determining the diameter of
blanks and size cutters to select.

The diameter of blank of gear 0,=(2.
s. cos G)+DI=(2X-25"X.1889)+6"=
6.095 inches. The diameter of blank of
pinion 0=(2. s. cos C)-|-D=(2X.25
.7559) +4 "=4.378 inches. The number
of teeth to select cutter for gear —

N, 24

=sa =127, or a 4-pitch involute

cos G .1889

bevel gear cutter, which will cut 127
teeth. The number of teeth to select
N2 16

cutter for pinion= = =21

cos C .7559
or a 4-pitch involute bevel gear cutter,
which will cut 21 teeth. These have been
noted on the diagram, Fig. 5, which com-
pletes the calculations.

In bevel gears with shafts at an obtuse

F =4

/■• =

s =

c =

/ -

i =

7B54
2.S
.03 9
.539
.393
Cutter for Gear 65 teeth involute^
. Pinion So .

Fig. 7.— Interior Gear.

great minus 40 degrees — 53* '=79 de-
grees— 64 =11,. The other angles may
bo calculated as in shafts acute, and the
same formulas used. Tangent of angle
sine C .6546

increment A= = =.0818

4 N2 8

and its angle is 4 degrees — 404'. The
cutting angle of gear E,=G — A= 79
degrees — 64' minus four degrees — 40J'
74 degrees — 26'.

Cutting angle of pinion E— C — A=
40 degrees — 534' minus 4 degrees — 404"
=36 degrees— 13'. The angle of blank
of gear B= 90 degrees— (G+A)= 90
degrees minus (79 degrees — 64' plus 4
degrees — 404 ')=6 degrees — 13'. Angle
of blank pinion B„ = 90 degrees —
(C-fA)=90 degrees minus (40 degrees —
53i' plus 4 degrees — 404')=44 degrees —

angle, there is another condition, which
frequently arises when shafts are broad-
ly apart, viz. : — the gear becomes what is
known as an interior gear. In the dia-
gram, Fig. 7, we have this peculiarity.

The angle of shafts L, Fig. 7, is 150
degrees, and we shall select 16 and 24
teeth 4-pitch, as before; from which
we obtain the same tooth dimensions,
and they are noted on Fig. 7. Our centre
angle is calculated as before, with the
formula for obtuse shafts. Tangent C=

N, sine L 16X-5

= =.7886

N— (N2 cos L) 24— (16X-866
and its angle is 38 degrees — 15j '=H,.
centre angle G=L — C= 150 degrees
minus 38 degrees — 15£=111 degrees —
44J '=H,. The tangent of angle incre-
ment A

sineC .6192
=• = =.0774 and its angle is

J N, 8

4 degrees — 25J'. The cutting angle of
the interior gear K,=G — A=lll de-
grees— 444' minus 4 degrees — 254 =107
degrees— 19'. This ingle, however, can-
not be used to set our gear cutter or
milling machine, as our graduations only
extend to 90 degrees. The angle to set
is, therefore, its supplement, or 180 de-
grees minus 107 degrees — 19 '=72 de-
grees— 41'. Cutting angle of pinion E,
=C — A=38 degrees — 15 j' minus 4 de-
gi^ees— 254 '=33 degrees — 15 ' '. The angle
of hlank of gear B,, we are obliged to
make the included angle between the
edge line and face of teeth in a wheel
of this description, that it may readily
serve its purpose in trying the blank
with a protractor B„ therefore equals 90
degrees — A=90 degrees minus 4 degrees
— -25 J '=85 degrees— 344 '.

Angle of blank of pinion B2 is as be-
fore, 90 degrees — (C+A)= 90 degrees
minus (38 degrees — 154' plus 4 degrees
—25J) =47 degrees— 19'. Those angles
will be found noted in their proper place
on Fig. 7, and we may conclude our cal-
culations for this pair of gears by de-
termining the diameter of blanks, and
number of teeth to select cutters from.
In the case of the interior gear, the dis-
tance across the bottom of blank or di-
ameter of point of tooth circle, is found
to be within the space necessary to con-
struct the blank; while it has formerly
served as the outer diameter. This dis-
tance is equal to D, — (2. s. G = 6"
minus (2X.251"X-3704)=5.815 inches.
The edge line may be turned from this
circle outward at an angle of 111 de-
gree— 444', or (centre angle G) with
respect to the horizontal or bottom of
blank.

We must, however, first find the di-
ameter of blank, and may proceed, as in
former oases, 0=(2. s. cos G)4-D1==(2
X-25X-3704) -|-6 "=6.185 inches. This
diameter will be found to be inadequate
to properly extend the edge line, and
round the corners in this style of a
wheel, and we shall have to add as much
more to the pitch diameter, or (.185X2)
-4-6 "=6.37 inches, which will be our di-
ameter 0,. The diameter of blank of
pinion is as before 0=(2. s. cos C)-\-
T)=(2X.25X-7S52) +"4 = 4.393 inches.
The number of teeth to select cutter for
N, 24

. gear= = =65 teeth and the

cos G .3704
number of teeth to select cutter for pin-
N, 16

ion= = =20 teeth, and thevhave

cos C .7852
been noted in their proper place on Fig.
7.

Continued in April Issue.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

TOOL REST FIXTURE.
By Frank E. Booth.

Some time ago the writer had occasion
to bore three small cylinders, on the
face plate of lathe. The job was such
that it was necessary to have a long

tool holder slot, which acts like a V
block. By loosing off clamps the tool
can be turned to suit operator, and
when tightened down, gives a good solid
hold. This is a handy fixture for shops
where a variety of jobs are being done,

Fig. 1. — Arrangement of Tool.

rigid boring tool in order to machine
certain parts properly. The lathe be-
ing equipped with an ordinary tool
holder as represented in Fig. 2, allowed
the use of only a moderately sized tool.
The difficulty was overcome in the

u

JTQ

nn

L_>

Fig. 2.— Tool Post.

manner shown in Fig. 1. In the sketch,
the part marked R represents the solid
tool rest which takes the place of the
compound rest on the lathe.

Four holes were drilled and tapped in
the top face of this casting, and studs
were inserted, as shown in sketch. A
tool as large as required could then be
clamped as shown in Fig. 1, lying in

Fig. 3. — Clamping Cylindrical Work.

block, and are much quicker to handle
than the ordinary V blocks. They hold
the work parallel to the traverse of table
requiring no adjusting in that direction,
while setting up the job.

ANGLE PLATE.

A convenient angle plate has been de-
vised by Robt. McKechnie, superintend-
ent of the Smart-Turner Machine Co.,
Hamilton, which is giving good service.
The dimensions of the one principally
used by them are given in Fig. 1.

The two plates are locked together in
any desired position by tightening the nut
36

on tlie end of the pin, thus drawing the
pin D against the inside lug of the
plate A. The plates may easily be set
parallel, at right angles or at any spec-

such as job work, and it takes but a
short time to rig it up.

Fig. 3 shows a good way to clamp
cylindrical work to the machine table,
when V blocks are not to be had. Two
pieces of round, straight stock A and B
as long or longer than the job, are laid
in the slots of table and work placed, as
shown in the sketch and clamped down.

The two pieces A and B act as a V

Fig. 1— Angle Plate.

ial angle for work to be done by using
index pins.

Figs. 1 and 2 show the plates in use
on a planer, the shaded portions being

Fig. 2.— Angle Plate in Use.

machined. The plates are used to se-
cure the right angle, and the work is
blocked in Fig. 2, by the insertion of a
small block D. After maching one side,

Fig. 3.— Angle Plate in Use.

the erosshead is then turned half way

around without changing the angle plate.

In Fig. 3, the sides to be machined are

parallel. The plates are set at 90 de-

grees, and when one side is planed one
plate is swung in the direction of the
arrow, and the other side is machined.
The work is blocked up at D. This con-
venient angle plate has a variety of uses,
the one illustrated being only an ex-
ample.

TOOL FOR PLANER.

By Wm. Silk.

The tool illustrated in Fig. 1 is used
to plane underneath saw carriages. An
idea may be obtained of the work ob-

/"-

\

(".

/6

=>

"n

A

i_

Flj. l.-Tool for Planer.

tained by a reference to Fig. 2 which
shows a sectional view of a saw car-
riage. I designed this simple jig some
time ago, making it from sheet iron
and it has given good service ever
since.

The tool rests on A and planes under-
neath. Then it catches on the end of
the work and rides on top until it
comes to the other end when it reverses,
letting the tool fall down.

The part A swings on the 2-inch bolt,
the top arm being held in the tool-

rp-*/<'

#

CANADIAN MACHINERY

HIGH SPEED PIPE TAPS

By F. E. Lauer.
The following article and sketch shows
a favorite form of sectional pipe tap in
detail and its efficiency as found by the
writer. On account of the small diam-
eter of the holder, only three blades are

; v

a"-

Fig. 2.— Section of Work Planed.

holder of the planer. Right and left
nose tools are used for the work to
machine underneath the left and right
sides of the saw carriage.

High Speed Pipe Tap.

used and this will be found much better
than four or more. It gives more
strength and produces a rounder hole.

The body A is made from cast steel,
as a machine steel cannot hold its rigid-
ity in small section as this size tap with
the heavy work that high speed steel
puts it too. B shows the inserted blade
made from i" x f" high speed steel 2i"
long. C shows the clamping or locating
collar which is made from cast steel or
case hardened machine steel. D shows
the chuck which is used for chasing the
blades, and the lay out so as to get a
clearance on the blades. E shows the
collar for clamping blades while they are
being machined.

Four sets of blades are done at a time
and when finished thev have .010" ap-
I i ! |,J J k! . EJ

J?

Jk

P

High-Speed Pipe Tap.

proximate clearance which produces a
fine clear cutting tap for cast iron,
while no dount the same clearance
would work efficient on steel. The
tapping diameter of an 1" pipe tap is
1 3-16" approximate which give us a
periphery of 3.75".

This tap is designed to run at 45 feet
per minute which means that it travels
11 1 revolutions per minute. A fairly
heavy lubricant is used on this work and

37

a tap can stand a ten hour run on cast
iron fittings. A tap at this speed going
into a fitting eight threads can make the
complete cycle in six seconds, which
shows the possibilities of high speed
steel.

The machine that drives these taps is
geared so as to feed the spindle the same
pitch as the lap. It will be noticed that
the cutting edge of the blades is placed

High-Speed Pipe Tap.

1-16" ahead of the centre line. This was
(lone so as to give the tap holder a
stronger section and also to reduce the
clearance on the blades. If in this tap a
blade breaks or gets worn, it is easily
changed, the collar C is slackened off
and the blade removed, the new one be-
ing immediately located by the threaded
collar C, and if the end is in advance of
the other blades it is ground off to suit.
If it is back of the others the collar is
again slackened and the blade brought
forward sufficiently so as to allow itself
to be ground in proper relation to the
other blades.

If this tap is properly made it will be
found a valuable addition to any first
class shop. I would recommend the fol-
lowing number of blades for sectional
pipe taps from 1" to 2".
1" pipe tap— 3 blades— 144 revolutions.
1}" pipe tap— 1 blades— 115 revolutions
H" pipe tap— 5 blades— 100 revolutions
2" pipe tap— 6 blades— 72 revolutions.
This article is not a write up from
theory, but is in every day use.

PIPE SHELF.

The shell' illustrated herewith is used
lo slore things that accumulate in a
small shop. The additions at the bot-
tom are for bar iron or pipe. The shelf
itself is suspended from the ceiling with
•'-in. gaa pipe, which is secured to the
ceiling with floor flanges. The lower
ends of the pipe extend through the
hoard and the braces at the ends, which

Shelf Suspended from Ceiling for Bar Iron, etc.

are secured with nuts. The shelf is 8
ft. long and 3 ft. wide.

The extensions on the under- side of
Hie shelf are made of J-in. gas pipe, se-

C A X A D 1 A X M AC11INERY

cured to the shelf with floor flanges. L's
are used to form the unions. The ex-
tensions arc 4 ft. apart and are used to
support small sizes of gas pipe and bar
iron. The shelf is about 8 ft. from the
floor and the extensions a foot lower.

WELDING CRANKSHAFTS.

In connection with oxy-acetylene weld-
ing at Charles Potter's, 85 Yonge St.,
Toronto, they use a jig for welding
crankshafts which may be used to ad-
vantage in many machine departments.

The jig consists of a long base A on
which are four top pieces B. These

Jig for Holding Crankshaft.

may be arranged in any position on A
suiting the length of the shaft. The
shaft is securely fastened in the V-top.
The block at the top is fastened by
two screws. The crankshaft parts can
then be easily set for welding the parts
together. This jig has many other ap-
plications, for it may be used on a
planer for crankshaft and other work.

ESCAPING THE ELEVATOR.

Perhaps the cheapest and most con-
venient device used for forewarning the
lowering of an elevator is shown in the

1

TT

J

Escaping the Elevator.

engraving. A number of small chains,
about two feet long, are hung from the
bottom of the cage. If the elevator is
coming down, and an attempt is made
by the user to look up from the gate,
when the elevator is within a short dis-
tanhe from his head, he will have time
to avoid a serious, or perhaps fatal, ac-

cident, because of the warning given by
the lowering chain. Of course, it will
be understood that the height of the gate
is often limited by the distance between
the floors. This device is in daily use, in
at least one factory, and doubtless if
it were installed in uany more, a large
number of elevator accidents could be
prevented. — Machinery.

BOLSTER PLATE.

By L. Bailey.

In constructing blanking and drawing
dies it appears to be customary to use
very heavy cast iron bolster plates, and
in this way using a large quantity of
iron and also a lot of room for storage
of such dies. For this reason the
writer has made a bolster that has
proved a very satisfactory remedy for
these evils.

The sketch herewith shows a bolster
and also a blank-holder plate. This
bolster holds dies 8-inch diam. and
smaller, therefore it can be seen at
once, that the cost of making dies will
be greatly reduced by using a bolster
that will dispense with a separate bols-
ter for each die. The sketch is about
quarter full size.

in the various shops. The accompany-
ing illustration shows the method of
carrying out the attendance graph.

The vertical line represents the num-
ber of employes and the horizontal line
the days, each day being represented by

Attendance Graph.

two spaces. This may be varied, how-
ever, as desired taking one or more
divisions for each day.

Section line paper, 10 to the inch is
used at the Canadian Locomotive
Works and is found convenient for use
in plotting. The graph is applied to

^

^

• Bolster Plate

No. 3 is the base plate with a 10
pitch thread as shown. No. 4 is a
ring to screw on No. 3. Smaller dies
are held in place by the use of ;t reduc-
ing ring No. 5 and a reducing plate No.
2 as shown.

A drawing die with wide margin as
shown at No. 6, it is held in place by a
section ring No. 7 as shown at No. 8.
When using a large die No. 6, lay die
down, place No. 4 on top of die, put
section ring No. 7 in as shown, then
screw in base plate and the die is ready
for use.

ATTENDANCE GRAPH.

At the Canadian Locomotive Works,
Kingston, a graph is used to show the
daily, weekly and monthly attendance

each shop, but may be enlarged to in-
clude the whole works. After the lines
are plotted for each day, an average for
the week may be plotted or for the
month.

HANDLING LUMBER.

The accompanying illustration shows
an economical method of handling large
quantities of lumber. The Muskoka
Wood Mfg. Co., Huntsville, Ont., have a
switch of the G.T.R. running into their
lumber yard, and are thus in a position
to handle their lumber quickly, and in
large quantities on trucks. In the view
arc shown quantities of lumber piled
for drying. The advantages of inter-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

factory communication including tracks
through the yards, are clearly demon-
strated in the quickness with which
the company disposes of the products of

Handling Lumber.

its sawmill, and again brings the lumber
to the factory to be made into wooden-
ware.

MEASURING WITH CALIPERS.

The manner of calipering a casting
with the aid of a scale is shown in the
accompanying illustration shown in one
of the publications of the Industrial
Book Co., New York. In the case shown,
calipers alone will not do the work, and

Measuring With Calipers.

a scale must be used in addition. Here
the thickness of the bowl is less than
the flange, and the calipers will not pass
the flange after calipering the bowl.

CUSHMAN CHUCKS.
Chucks are made to suit the class of
work to be done and in listing the lines
manufactured by the Cushman Chuck
Co., Hartford, they have prepared tables
giving various dimensions of them. They
are issued in catalogue form making a
very handy volume of reference. The
many types are illustrated, the lines
manufactured including independent 4-
;aw chucks, reversible face-plate jaws,
geared scroll chucks, drill chucks and
chucks for special machines.

DAILY BALANCE OR PRODUCTION
SHEET.

A daily balance is often found neces-
sary in a large works. Such a balance
must be complete. The details must be
clear, so that if the work gets behind
or there is a delay from any causo
whatever, it can be at once detected.

For instance if the capacity of the

drills is not sufficient to keep up the
work it would be easily detected from

a production card like Fig. 1,

and if the work is not carried

on fast enough to finish the

contract within the stipulated time,

superintendent can see at a glance how
much work has been finished in each
department. This production should be
kept by the foreman and a clerk can
take off a copy for the superintendent.
An illustration will give the best idea
of this card.

PRODUCT/ O/V SHEET. CONTRACT..t<Ljtj^.

i°ART..3-ju<umU,. NUMBER WANTED..ft£ .

OPEPAT/OiV

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NUMBER r/H/S'D.

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Fig. 1.— Production Sheet.

either working overtime must be re-
sorted to or a new drill must be added
to the equipment.

This production sheet may be easily
arranged to suit an Agricultural Im-
plement Works as in Fig. 2. A column
along the side gives the list of machin-
ery, etc., thus, mowers erected, cutter

This card would have to be made suit-
able for the information wanted. In
the machine shop or carpenter shop,
different lists would probably be re-
quired for the important parts of differ-
ent'- machines. This production sheet is
hardly suitable for a foundry where all
separate castings must be kept track

MOWERS.

MACHINE SHOP

rtn*#. i

Ag

TO

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Fig. 2.— Daily Balance Sheet Applied to Mowers.

bars assembled complete, rake axles
fitted complete, etc. A sheet is neces-
sary for each department. For in-
stance the blacksmith shop requires a
sheet with a list of the work completed
in that shop. The dates should be ar-
ranged along the top and should be for
two weeks or for as long as the man-
agement find convenient. The totals
are carried forward from sheet to sheet
so that at any time the foreman or

39

of, good and bad, in order to see when
the factory order for each particular-
casting is complete. In the foundry a
production card should be made out for
each casting and filed according to the
number of the pattern under each ma-
chine. A. very simple card showing the
number of castings on order, a column
of good castings completed each day,
and a column of totals is all that is
necessary for a foundry production card.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Interesting Machine Work at John Bertram & Sons

Turning' a Large Worm on a Lathe; Machining a Large Gear on a Slotter;
Home-made Grinder and its Work ; and Cutting Racks on a Shaper.

Some interesting methods are used in
the works of John Bertram & Sons,
Dundas, Ont., in connection with the
manufacture of machine tools.

Fig. 1 shows a large worm heing cut
on a lathe. Holes are bored at the he-
ginning and end of gear to allow the tool

Fig. 1— Roughing Out Large Worm.

to start and for clearance at the end of
the operation. Fig. I shows the worm
before finishing and Fig. 2. shows
the finished gear. In the foreground is
shown the tool used, the nose being forg-
ed the angle of the finished worm.

Fig. 3 shows a large Bertram slotter
on which is being cut a large gear. The
roughing and finishing tools are shown

It shows the operator the position of
the feed at a distance.

Next to wheel A is a pinion which
meshes into the gear B. B has an annu-
lar T-slot as shown carrying the stud C.
When this is set properly, it strikes the
arm D which controls the shield E and
automatically moves E to cover the
notches in the feed wheel F, all further
movement of the feed screw being thus
prevented.

The arrangement of the tool blocks in
the ram is shown in Fig. 4. This en-
sures its being held rigidly in position
during the cutting stroke. Tool block A
is pivoted at P and at the upper end has
an extension surrounding the cam I).
Fixed on the side of ram support is the
rack B, and in this, the gear C, mounted
on a stud in the ram itself, gives motion
to a gear which drives the cam shaft I)
by friction washers, so that it can slip,
after the cam D has been forced into
place.

When the ram starts downward, gear
C revolves in the direction of the arrow
and drives the gear on D in the opposite
direction, throwing the point of the cam
against the hardened incline block E,
which forces the upper end of the tool

Fig. 2.— Finished Worm and Lathe Tool.

on the slide of the machine. The former
tool has stepped edges while the latter
has been given a better cutting edge by
heing hollow ground on top.

In the lower right hand of Fig. 3 is
shown the feed mechanism which moves
the work forward toward the tool.
There is a device which automatically
prevents the tooth being cut too deep.
The wheel A is a visible indicator and
is convenient for setting the machine.

thus relieving the tool on the return
stroke. The desired clamping effect is
secured by adjusting with a screw the
block E.

Figs. f> and 6 show a home made
grinder in use in the Bertram shops. It
is very serviceable, the board at the

TLSU

Fig. 4. — Tool Lifting Apron of Slotter.

back giving an idea of the wide range of
work that may be accomplished on it
Fig. 5 shows the machine at work on a
rack-cutting tool. A rack-cutting tool is
shown also at the left of the grinding

Fig. 3. — Cutting Large Gear on Slotter, John Bertram & Sons.

block solidly against the ram and en-
sures the cutting tool being held in pro-
per position during the cutting oper-
ation. When the ram starts on the re-
turn stroke, the cam D is thrown up,
allowing the upper end of the tool block
to be forced out by a powerful stroke
40

wheel and gives an idea of how it is
ground. Fig. 6 shows it grinding a
small cutter . The machine is convenient-
ly operated, has lever feed and easily ad-
justable stops.

Fig. 7 shows a method of cutting racks
on a shaper with a traversing head. A

CANADIAN MACHINERY

second table is utilized for holding the
racks to be cut, and a large index wheel
placed on the traversing screw ensures
accurate spacing.

The tool holder and tool are interest-
ing. The tool holder replaces the or-
dinary clapper back and swings from the
same point, being lifted out of the work
and held during the return stroke by the

r~ r£*Tm

Jri

m t

■^•^» - A

*

~

Fig. 5. — Home-made Grinder Grinding Rack Cut'er.

spring at the top. The tool is held
rigid during the cut by using the cam A,
operated by the arm B through the lever
C, which is controlled by the two col-
lars striking the stationary support at
the end of stroke. Thus the cam is au-
tomatically forced against the upper end
of the tool holder, supporting it rigidly
during the cut and is automatically
withdrawn just before the return stroke.
The tool is fed down to a positive stop.
Figs. 7 and 8 show the tool which is
of multiple design. Each tooth is re-
lieved, each tooth taking a chip similar
to the broching machine. A rake is
ground on the cutting-edge of each tooth

jobs in large shops at good wages, but
they do not know what is going on out-
side of their own little sphere. There
are technical journals pertaining to al-
most every trade, and if these me-
chanics would take them and study
them they would keep abreast of the
times and get out of the rut they are
liable to be in all their lives. Some of
them turn out good work, considering
the material they have to work with,
but it is always the same old style, and
if they were put in a first-class shop
with every labor-saving device at hand
they would not know where they were
at.

I know of one young printer who was
working in small shops for nine and ten
dollars a week, but who was wide-
awake and studied every journal relat-
ing to his trade he could get his hands
on, and is now holding a permanent
position at twenty-five dollars a week.

There is more to be learned from a
trade journal than one thinks, until
they begin to take an interest in it and
then they would not be without it.

I once heard a grocer say he would
feci like a preacher without a Bible if
he did not get his trade journal, so it
is quite evident a man in any line of
work can profit by taking some journal
devoted to his trade.

the truss formation of the lathing, it
may be stapled or nailed directly along
the studs, joists or sheathing without

NEW PATENT WIRE LATHING.

The B. Greening Wire Co., Hamilton,
have just secured a patent on a new
trussed hard steel wire lathing, in which
are contained the best features of the
general products of this class. It is

Fig. 6.— Grinding Small Cutter and Other Cutters
Machined on Grinder.

any furring — a feature of great import-
ance— and the absence of the lapping,
lacing and the furring largely ensures
the lowest possible cost in erecting. It
. has been successfully applied to 16-inch
centres, and the saving thus effected is
an important factor in the cost of build-

'LhiMhih

Fig. 7. — Cutting Racks on a Shaper. John Bertram & Sons.

Fig. 8.— Rack Cutting Device of Shaper.

and this is alternated to equalize the
side thrust when these are in the cut and
the result is a good cutting action.

A STEPPING STONE TO SUCCESS.

By Tom L. Johnston.

There are plenty of good mechanics

who are plugging away in small shops

for low wages, who could hold good

supplied in continuous lengths up to
100 yards, with a selvage on each side
and in widths to suit the spacing of the
studs or joists. There are many special
points of interest in connection with this
lathing. The selvages are stapled or
nailed along the studs or joists, con-
sequently there is no lacing, Owing to

41

ing, but even 18-inch or 20-inch centres
could be used by substituting a heavier
grade at a slight advance in price.

H. P. Hoag for the past two years
superintendent of Fairbanks-Morse Mfg.
Co., Toronto, has accepted a similar
position with the Goo!/], Shapley #
Muir Co., Brantford,

Several Jigs and Tools Used in Railroad Shop Work

In Repairing Locomotives Quickness and Accuracy are Assisted by De-
signing Jigs and Tools to Facilitate Work — Several are here Illustrated.

By GORDON C. KEITH

On several occasions reference has
been made to the G.T.R. shops at Strat-
ford. They contain many interesting
methods, machines and systems which
are above the ordinary. In locomotive
work it is the aim of the companies to

works in the socket, the general design
being shown in the illustration. No
sizes are here given as dimensions can
be made to suit the work to be done.

The steel pins are hardened steel. The
drill takes a standard Morse taper drill.

iron block and the wedge is then driven
in place.

The tool is here 3-16" wide but any
width tool may be used depending on
the work to be done. The tool is 13£"
long with a standard taper top.
Chuck Extension.

On a boring mill it is often desired to
bore work which cannot be chucked on

n , H ID a L D_

■ /3;-j

^

-hj 1^-,-t.1

Fig. 3.— Multiple Tool.

I

4%

Fig. 1. — Arrangement of Hub Liner Drilling Machine.

keep the locomotives on the road and in
the repair shop as little as possible.
With this in view many jigs, tools and
devices have been evolved to facilitate
the work and hurry the repairs with a
speed consistent with good workmanship
so that the locomotive will not have to
again enter the shop for repairs for
some time.

Jigs and tools made specially for the
work are therefore as indispensable a
factor in doing the work economically as
in manufacturing establishments. Some
of the jigs, at least, described in this
article are original, being designed in
the Stratford shops.

Hub Liner Drill.

Fig. 1 shows the arrangement of a
hub liner drilling machine. This drills
the liner and axle box without remov-
ing the box from the shaft . Provision
is made for clamping the machine over
the axle, the two parts being fastened in
position by two bolts on either side of
the drilling machine.

Adjustment is made by eight screws A
shown in the illustration. The power is
delivered from an overhead shaft by a
belt, to pulley B. The drill is fed by
the ratchet C. A small screw D holds
the drill in place, the drill being easily
replaced by a reamer for finishing if ne-
cessary. There are two of these ma-
chines so that the liners on both boxes
may be drilled at the same time.
Ball Joint Floating Reamer.

A toggle joint for reaming holes on a
drill is shown in Fig. 2. A 2J inch ball

One side is flattened to hold reamer and
keep it from turning.

Multiple Tool.
A multiple tool is shown in Fig. 3. A
is the distance between tools, which
may be varied by a movable block. In

1 ..
5'Ja

■

\

-/5i-

1 '

Fig. 4. — Chuck Extension.

SOCKET
THUS -STEEL-
HARDENED

;

l°

i

s

I

I

I P u

***

m

0 W
j UO

i

i

i

E3^

IPIM- STEEL- hardened

BODY
ITHUS" STEEL

SCREW

Fig. 2. — Ball Joint Floating Reamer.

the illustration they are -J-" apart but
by inserting inch blocks the tools are
then kept one inch apart.

The tools are held in place by the
tapered wedge B. Aflcr the last tool is
put in place, the distance between the
tool and hole is made up by inserting an

the face plate of the boring mill. This
can be done by using four castings sim-
ilar to Fig. 4. These slip over the jaws
on the boring mill and the larger work
can then be easily gripped for boring.

Fig. 5 shows the body casting and
gears of an angle drill and Fig. 6 shows

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BODY CASTING "BRASS

Fig. 5.— Right Angle Drilling Attachment.

the details of the angle drill. For right
angle drilling, the feed is from the top
of the drill, the drill spindle moving
freely independent of the drive.

The large gear has a pitch circle diam-
eter of 4.3125", number of teeth 27,
diametral pitch .1597 and depth 11-32"
full. The pinion has a pitch circle diam-
eter of 2.875", number of teeth 18,
diametral pitch .1597 and depth of teeth
11-32" full.

Turning Axle Box Brasses.

In the jig shown in Dig. 7 for turning
axle box brasses, the brasses are placed

■'/■■''''■:■:

''■///''■'''■
'■',;>///.;

SECTION A A

Pig. 7. — Jig for Turning Brasses.

against the metal post B which is 12£"
high x 7" diam. The distance between
the brass and cap A is filled in with
blocks and the cap A is screwed down
and fastened by three bolts. The cap is
lOi" diam. The jig is fastened to the
face plate of the boring mill on which
the work is done, by the clamps C.

A lathe tool shown in Fig. 8 is used
to turn the brass. As may be seen from
the illustration the tool holder may be
used on other work, it being clamped in
place by two screws. The tool may be

Pig. 8. — Tool for Turning Brasses.

DRIVING 3HAFT- I THUS -STEEL

HOLES
FEED WHEEL -STEEL

CME STAMP. THHEAO fl PE? WCW A

I KEY- 51 EEL

SPINDLE- STEEL

CZZD □

I KEY-STEEL

I KEY- OTEEL

clamped in any position to suit the
work to be done.
'I he outside of the brass is finished on
feed'screw nut -steel this jig. The inside is bored after the
brass is pressed into the axle box.

4 TWOS-TOOL STEEt " I««T-STE1L

TO K H/UfOCMtO I I

tZZb Dezi-o

t Her- STEEL. 3Pm«-ffTCC(,

Fig:. 6.— Details of Angle Drilling Machine.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

NEW SAFTY CUTTER HE\r?.

Any improvement in a machine which
will increase the safety of the operator
is surely of value, providing, of course,
that the efficiency of the machine is
not lessened by the change. In a wood-
working shop, the hand planer is pro-
bably the most dangerous of any ma-
chine tool, and the statement has been
made that more fingers have been lost
in hand planers than by any other sin-
gle type of tool.

A new cutter head for hand planers
and joiners, which assures maximum
safety to the operator by reason of its
permitting the tables to be set very
close together, has lately been intro-
duced in the woodworking machine

shaped head and thus permit tho tables
to be set very close to the cutter.

The illustration herewith shows this
new circular cutter-head in the manu-
facturer's No. 61 C hand planer and
joiner with the tables drawn back, giv-
ing the reader an idea of its construc-
tion.

BRYANT CHUCKING GRINDER.

Recently, there was placed on the mar-
ket a grinder which accomplishes all the
operations on work by grinding wheels
instead of cutting tools. To this new
type have been applied the principle un-
derlying the design of the turret lathe
with its semi-automatic features. Work
is finished from the rough or from sur-

Fay & Egan's New Safety Circular Cutter-Head.

tools manufactured by the J. A. Fay
& Egan Co., 362-382 W. Front St.,
Cincinnati, Ohio. In the old style cut-
ter head with the square block and
knives bolted to its sides ; the square
shape of the block would neither per-
mit the tables to be set close together
nor did the head itself fill the opening
between the tables. Thus with the
slightest slip on the part of the opera-
tor his fingers might be drawn in be-
tween the tables and badly mutilated if
not lost.

The new safety circular cutter head
closely fills the opening between the
tables so that the most severe accident
that could possibly happen would be the
scraping of a finger or thumb. The de-
sign is such that the cutting edges of
the knives protrude but slightly from
the circumference of the cylindrical-

faces previously obtained in turret
lathes and afterwards hardened. The
machine shown in Fig. 1 will grind either
outside or inside diameters, together
with the faces of both internal and ex-
ternal shoulders. Its scope includes
cylindrical and conical shapes and it has
a capacity of 12-in.d.xl2-in. long.

There are three grinding spindles. The
standard equipment comprises 10-in.
wheels on the front spindle for outside
work; 6-in. wheels on the rear spindle
for either outside or inside work or face
grinding, and 2y2-in. wheels on the mid-
dle spindle for internal grinding. These
sizes may be varied to meet requirements,
but the design regularly furnished gives
to each spindle the speed required for
the diameters of the wheel as stated. An
auxiliary fourth spindle, not shown, is
furnished as a fixture to carry still small-

er wheels for internal work, being de-
signed to enter a %-in. hole if desired.
It may also be employed for buffing and
for outside grinding. A rigid fixture,
clamped to the back of the machine, holds
the wheel in front of the central spindle.
The wheel is swung into and out of
working position without interfering with
the use of other wheels.

The three grinding spindles are car-
ried in the head carriage. The turret
feature is absent. The spindles are ad-
justable lengthwise in heavy sleeves, for
position, and are locked rigidly while
operating. The wheel feed is with the
carriage slide only; that is to say, longi-
tudinal. The cross feed is in the head,
carrying the work, which is held either
in a chuck or spring arbor, on a massive
spindle. In other words, the stroke is
in the wheel carriage, the feed in the
work carrier. A variable speed mechan-
ism actuates the traverse movement of
the wheel carriage. The feeding mechan-
ism of the work carriage permits of a
wide range of feeds; automatically re-
leases the feed at the desired point, and
also provides for automatically reducing
the amount of feed as the work ap-
proaches completion, the point of release
and the degree of reduction being de-
termined by cam forms. A gear box-
gives nine changes of speed for the work
spindle. Both traverse of the wheel
spindle head and feed of the work car-
riage are arranged to reverse.

The machine is driven from one con-
stant speed pulley, which greatly sim-
plifies the overhead works. This drive is
transmitted to the wheel spindles by two
belts only, and the arrangement is such
that only one spindle is revolving at a
time, or all are idle. The wheels are so
grouped with reference to the work that
each holds a natural position for the
operation it is intended to perforin,
which reduces to a minimum the amount
of adjusting in changing from one opera-
tion to another.

The operation of each grinding wheel
is independent of the others, not only
in that it revolves alone, but in its in-
dividual lever for adjustment to the
work and in its knock off and reversing
dog in the carriage. In the work car-
riage there is a cam and stop pin to
govern the feed for each spindle. In
fact, the control is equal to that of mod-
ern turret lathe practice, in securing fa-
cility and accuracy in the manufacture of
duplicate parts. An auxiliary or length

44

ifcJUJ

CANADIAN MACHINERY

slide for the work carriage assists in
the convenience of manipulation.

The whole machine is a complete new
design, but probably the reader1 will be
more interested in the work the machine
will accomplish. Fig. 2 shows a cast
iron gear with a conical clutch surface.
This has to be ground, as shown, in the
bore, the clutch surface, and on one face
and outside diameter. In the first opera-
tion the work is held by tooth-shaped
jaws which hold it concentric with the

position (which finishes this piece) the
work is held by its finished clutch sur-
face on a taper arbor mounted in the
work spindle. This arbor may be ground
in place to insure absolute accuracy.

Pig. 3 shows the grinding of a tem-
pered collet, which is done at one opera-
tion, although four grinding-wheel posi-
tions are necessary. The first of these
shows the collar held on a taper draw
chuck and the internal-grinding wheel at
work sizing out the nose. In the second

around the substantial vertical shafi at
the end of the body proper, so that the
rigidity of the machine is in nowise af-
fected.

A rather complicated piece of grind-
ing is shown in Fig. 4, in the shaipe of
a special hardened gear with a taper
bearing. This is chucked in special
tooth-shaped jaws, and the first wheel
position shows the back spindle at work.
In the second position the small internal
wheel is doing external grinding on the

Fig. 1. — Section Bryant Chucking Grinder.

^ Taper ArbarQnaa

* \vA ~~~rr^\\>

M ■"'

nf |8ff~ "^3j|

S* T.we

BpUt Bullae

.

let Wheel Petition.
Grind laeide.

J

2nd Wheel Petitloi
Grind Front Face.
Burt Front Face.

Fig. 3. — Grinding a Tempered Collet.

OuiilJ. tea

Far* Urladla(

TTbhI.

Fig. 2. — Grinding Cast Iron Gear.

pitch line. Here the bore is ground with
a supplementary internal attachment, as
shown, provided for work having small
holes. (This supplementary spindle may
also be used for buffing and polishing
with rouge and a soft wheel.) In the
second wheel position the work spindle
and the bracket on which it is mounted
are swiveled to the angle of the conical
surface 15 degrees, as shown, which is
finished with the regular internal wheel.
For the second operation and third wheel

position the front face is being ground
by the large outside wheel and also be-
ing buffed by the wheel on the rear spin,
die.

In the third position, the large wheei
is grinding the outside and the back
face, while in the fourth position the
work spindle has been swung to the ne-
cessary angle, 15 degrees, and the out-
side wheel is grinding the tapered front
seat. It will be noticed that the whole
work head is swung for angular work

45

Fig 4. — Grinding Hardened Gear.

small diameter, while in the third posi-
tion the work has been swung so that
the wheel on the front spindle is finish-
ing the taper portion. It is then neces-
sary to reverse the piece and a small
cut wheel on the internal spindle is at
work inside the gear.

The machine is the design of W. L.
Bryant, and is being placed on the mar-
ket by the Bryant Chucking Grinder Co.,
Springfield, Vt.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BENN CLUTCH.

The Benn clutch which is being; placed
on the Canadian market contains several
interesting features. The driving; piece
N keyed to the shaft is provided with
arms and driving: pins (not shown in
illustration) which carry the friction
rings R R round, while allowing them
longitudinal movement parallel to the
shaft. The toggles E E move the fric-
tion rings into or out of contact with the
shell GD, and are themselves brought in-
to their most advantageous position
(nearly straight) for transmitting pres-
sure by the forward movement of sleeve
H with its levers A A and links B B.

The requisite friction for driving is
obtained by the tension of the spiral
springs joining the long ends of levers

(he clutch shell. If it lias to be out of
gfeacr for long periods the pulley and
clutch shell should he carried on a sleeve
clear of the shaft, and supported by in-
dependent bearings, so that friction and
wear on the shaft is avoided.

These clutches are manufactured by
the Unbreakable Pulley & Mill Gearing
Co., London, and are being placed on the
Canadian market by Vandeleur &
Nichols. Dineen Building, Toronto.

ONE ROAD TO THE TOP.

It is one of the paradoxes of life that
the fellow who does his work faithfully
without being watched by the boss,
comes to be the very person whom the
boss most watches.

The Benn Clutch, Shown Out ot Gear.

A A, which springs open slightly as the
links B approach the vertical, and when
they pass the vertical, lock them and the
toggles and friction rings in gear. Ad-
justment for toggle position and for
wear of parts is obtained by screw ring
D, the exact position of the toggles and
internal rings being ascertainable at any
time from the outside by the clearance
between shaft and pointers T T.

As shown in the illustration, a good
bearing must be provided close up on
each side, and the two shafts must be
lineable. If these two conditions are
sriven, the clutch is guaranteed.

When used to carry rope or belt pul-
ley, the clutch is arranged as in Fig. 2
shown at the left of the large illustra-
tion. The pulley, which is bushed with
gun-metal and provided with spring
lubricator for solid oil, is bolted on to

But this sort of worker is watched not
to make sure of his fealty but to de-
termine the extreme of his capabilities
so that the institution of which he is a
part may take advantage of unusual
fidelity by putting its exponent into the
place where that faithfulness may be~of
greatest value.

The man or woman, the boy or girl,
who will work without being watched, is
so unusual that the appearance of one in
any business institution is almost start-
ling.

At the start, the reports of his im-
mediate superior testifying to so amaz-
ing a phenomenon are received by those
higher up with unconcealed incredulity.

"It will wear off," they say, for in
their experience it nearly always has
worn off.

"He's a new man and uncertain of his
job," say others, "but pretty soon he

46

will fall into the rut and do as all the
others do."

But if he doesn't ; if on the other
hand he works on just the same when
the boss is elsewhere as when he is
watching, the conviction slowly steals
over those in authority that they have
accidentally picked a winner.

From then on the worker is watched.
He is tested. His faithfulness being a
certainty, the question of his intelligence
and capacity must be determined.

Around him are doubtless others more
quick-witted, more brilliant. Judged by
their capabilities these others may be
one hundred per cent, men, though only
fifty per cent, men in performance.

But the men who are wise enough to
be in charge of the larger affairs of
business know that a faithful man who
is always on the job achieves more and
is of more value than the apparent one
hundred per cent, man whose person or
whose brain is away at the baseball
game.

Thus little by little more important
tasks are assigned to the faithful em-
ploye. Though he may be the latest
comer he is the soonest promoted.

And the others — well, they sit back
and berate the boss. They always knew
that the faithful one had a pull or that
the boss has it in for them.

They cannot see and they cannot un-
derstand the simple reason why the man
who works when the boss isn't looking,
gets ahead. If they could see or under-
stand some of them would follow the
faithful one's example.

And some of the others will tell the
faithful one that he is "trying to get a
stand in" with the boss. To their in-
fantile minds it seems the highest
stretch of foolishness to try and stand
in with the men who determine your
wages and your tenure.

But the faithful one if he has sense as
well as honesty will not swerve. As
long as he sticks to the fundamental
honesty of giving a full day's service for
a full day's pay even if there be a
chance to soldier and renage, he travels
the road that leads to the top and no
man can stop him. — Silent Partner.

The standardization of parts reduces
the number of jigs and tackle used in
manufacture, and increases the produc-
tion by expertness due to frequency of
handling. Thus the cost per piece is
lessened, and the possibilities of quicker
deliveries give a more rapid turnover
of capital. Not the least point in the
favor of standardization is the influence
of such activity on the men in the shop.
During slack periods standard parts
may with advantage be built for stock,
and thus help to meet the call of urgent
orders. — Mechanical World.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Oxy - Acetylene Welding Makes the Scrap Pile Less

Some Castings That can be Ecomically Repaired, Thus Saving
them from the Scrap Pile. — A Description of the Linde System.

A Linde Oxy-Acetylene instalation has
been made at Charles Potter's, 85 Yonge
St., Toronto, where repairs are being
made to gas engines, patterns, etc ,
showing the great saving that may be
made by using Oxy-Acetylene system of
welding. The instalation was made by
the Linde Air Products Co., Buffalo,
N.Y. The Canadian company is in
Montreal.

Complete systems are designed and in-
stalled, the one at Charles Potter's in-
cluding a full range of pipes, from No.
1 to No. 15. A portable attachment al-
lows the torches to be used on any wc rk
that cannot be brought into :he shop.
As an illustration of what may b"j dore,
the frame of a Ford car was bro.«n,
the welding apparatus was taken to the

Fig. 1.— Linde Oxy-Acetylene Welding Outfit.

car and the frame repaired without dis-
mantling the car.

The Oxy-Acetylene blowpipe (Fouche's
patent), is a low pressure blowpipe,
constructed on the injector principle and
is designed and proportioned to meet all
the special conditions with which an
Oxy-Acetylene blowpipe must comply. It
is so constructed that the flame cannot
strike back. The gases are well mixed
in the injector chamber before they issue
from the nozzle of the blowpipe and the
nozzle itself is so constructed that Ww
possibility of carbonaceous deposit in
the orifice is practically obviated. It is
made in ten sizes.

Fig. 1 represents diagramatically a
complete Linde Oxy-Acetylene blowpipe
installation with the exception of the
acetylene generator and holder which

may be placed in any suitable position
and at any convenient distance from the
blowpipe apparatus.

In the Fig. 1, B is a cock connecting
the inlet nipple of the hydraulic back-
pressure valve with the acetylene supply
pipe from the acetylene holder. The
blowpipe is connected at A by means of
an ordinary stout rubber tube with the
outlet cock C of the hydraulic back-

Broken Tax'i-Cnb Cylinder.

pressure valve which forms the acetylene
supply pipe of the blowpipe.

The blowpipe is connected at O by
means of a stout rubber tube with the
outlet cock T of the oxygen pressure re-
gulator, which is attached, as shown, to
the valve on the oxygen cylinder. Til's
pipe conveys the oxygen supply to 1he
blowpipe, and should be securely attach-
ed, as" it is subject to pressures vi.rying
from 10 pounds to 30 pounds per square
inch.

Repairing Castings.

Fig 2 shows a broken cylinder o. a 1-
cylinder Toronto taxi-cab which was re-
paired at Charles Potter's. The repaired

Fig. 3.— Repaired Cylinder.

cylinders are shown in Fig. 3. The wa-
ter jacket was broken out, the broken -
pieces resting on the top of Fig. 2. The
cylinder was pre-heated so that no
strains would be set up afterwards.

Tool holders, patterns, etc., from $3
up can usually be repaired economically.
Other things that can be repaired are
printing presses, crankshafts, automo-
bile parts, pulleys, gears, valves, etc.
The repair is made at a much less cost

47

than making a new part. The repair
seldom costs over one-third of the first
cost of the casting and usually much
less. On small castings the percentage
is much larger than on larger ones. On
small repairs to large cylinders, auto-
mobile frames, etc, the percentage is
very low.

UNIQUE CAR BARN HEATING SYS-
TEM.

The new system of heating installed
in the car barn of the Toronto and
York Radial Railway, at St. Clair Ave.,
Toronto, Canada, is unique. In place
of a steam boiler, which in ordinary
car barns provides steam for heating, but
seldom for power, there will be a heater
for transferring the heat in the coal
direct to the air, and a fan will force
(his heated air through the distribut-
ing system. The heater, which re-
sembles a sectional water-tube boiler, is
called an "air-tube" heater. It is
the unique feature of this system which
is being installed by the Harrison En-
gineering Co., of New York City. This
new method of heating will be watched
with interest, for there are no steam
pipes or coils to be drained, no boiler
to burst, and no accessories to be empt-
ied or blown down in order to prevent
freezing, should it be necessary to shut
down the plant during the winter.

CENTRAL RAILWAY CLUB.

The regular meeting of the Central
Railway and Engineering Club was held
in the Prince George Hotel, Toronto, on
Feb. 15 when a paper was read on "The
Principle of Melting Iron in the Cupola,"
by E. B. Gilmour, superintendent of the
molding department at the Canada
Foundry, Toronto. This paper is repro-
duced in the Foundry Department of
Canadian Machinery. M. J. Duguid,
president, occupied the chair. Many
members took part in the discussion of
the paper.

A social evening was tendered to mem-
bers and prospective members at the St.
Charles Hotel on Feb. 25.

A. F. Well, B.A.Sc, and J. V. Gray,
formerly of th'e Bishop Construction Co.,
are carrying on a general engineering
and contracting business under the name
"Wells & Gray, Ltd.,1' at 315 Confeder-
ation Life Building, Toronto.

George Y. Chown, B.A., has resigned
his position as Registrar of Queen's Uni-
versity and secretary of the School of
Mining to devote his time to managing
the affairs of the Wormwith Piano
Works, of which he is now ' sole owner.
Mr. Chown will retain the position of
treasurer of Queen's.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Equipping Each Machine With Its Own Power Plant

How Manufacturers have Applied Electric Motors to Drive Ma-
chinery— Some Interesting Instalations of Individual Motor Drive

Illustrated herewith are a number of
machines equipped with motor drive.
Fig. 1 shows a Toledo open-hack, inclin-
able, plain press for making handles,

Fig. 1. — Motor Driven Press.

lock parts and sheet metal work made
by the Toledo Machine Co., Toledo,
Ohio. It has its own power plant. In
other words it is motor driven. The
motor is 2J h.p., 250 volt Westinghousc,
type "S" direct current shunt motor
which runs 1025 r.p.m. Line switch and
starting rheostat are shown mounted
directly on the machine frame. The
large spur-gear reduction, meshing with

Fig. 3.— Motor Connected to Vertical Shalt.

the motor pinion, transmits directly to
the crank shaft which carries the pit-
man connecting to the cross-head punch
motion.

Advantages.
One of the advantages of motor drive
is in getting power around corners.

When certain machines are in use, it is
not necessary to run the whole line
shafting. That is a second advantage.
Any machine that is idle a great part
of the day should be driven by indivi-
dual motor. When a number of ma-
chines are to run practically all the
time it is often economical to run them
all by one motor.

Another advantage in motor drive is
the placing of the motors. It may be
located on the floor, on the ceiling or
on the machine depending on the work
to be done.

Fig. 2 shows a motor mounted on a
platform suspended from the ceiling
direct connected to a blower. The mo-
tor is a Westinghouse 30 h.p. squirrel
cage 60 cycle, three phase, 220 volts.

WESTINGHOUSE 1910 DIARY.
The Westinghouse Diary for 1910 has
some additions- over those issued during
the past six years. It contains much
condensed material of instructive type
and pertaining mainly to electrical ques-
tions. Not the least interesting of the
contents is the brief but impressive pres-
entation of Westinghouse plants. Among
the reminders of an especially ingenious
character are the wrinkles introduced
with the wire table. A wire which is
three sizes larger is shown to be twice
the weight, twice the area, but only half
the resistance. Of course, this ratio ap-
plies to tlie other sizes. One thousand
feet of No. 5 wire weighs 100 pounds
and No. 10 wire is almost eactly 0.10
inch diameter. These and many other
pointers of more or less consequence to
those using or contemplating the pur-
chase of electrical apparatus are given
space in this neat leather-covered hand-
In ok of information.

Fig. 2. Motor Arranged to Drive Blower.

The blower is a 30 inch, collecting the
shavings from the other machinery and
forcing it across a roadway.

Fig. 3 shows a Westinghouse motor
connected to a vertical shaft driving a
post sander. The motor is a 2 h.p. 220
volts, started from a three pole, double
throw switch, wired without fuses for
starting but with fuses on the running
side.

On the starting box in Fig. 2 is print-
ed the words "Stop Motor." This is a
constant suggestion to the operator that
the realization of the advantage of in-
termittent operation are up to him ,

48

OIL FOR WINTER USE.

It is often dillienlt to keep machinery
properly oiled in cold weather, as the
oil freezes in the oil holes and the cups,
and the oil upon the ways of the lathe
and planer 'becomes stiff, causing the
machines to work hard. A good oil for
winter use is made by mixing graphite
with cylinder oil until in a thick or
pasty consistency, and I hen adding kero-
sene until it flows freely. This oil will
not hecome stiff at 14 degrees below
zero, and is valuable to those operating
machinery outside or in eold shops.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Correspondence

One of the suggestions given in reply
to our editorial in the February issue
asking for comments, was that a ques-
tion and answer department be estab-
lished. This will appear under the
heading of correspondence and will be
entirely separate from the "Methods
and Devices Department." Anyone desir-
ing names of firms and addresses will be
answered through this department.
Comments on answers and previous ar-
ticles containing good ideas will be paid
for.— Editor.

British Trade.

A writer from London wishes to be
put in communication with a large Can-
adian firm wishing to open stores in
London, England. The writer has been
selling United States machinery for
twelve years. His address will be given
by writing Canadian Machinery.

Draftsmen.

1 have passed the examinations of the
I. C. S. in mathematics, mechanics,
strength of materials, steam engine de-
sign, geometrical and mechanical draw-
ing. (1) Do you think I could hold a
position of draftsman. (2) What pay
does a draftsman get ?

We think you should, if you have been
observant in your present position, be
able to take up the work of drafting,
but of course, you would have to work
at small pay until you had proved
yourself able to take care of more re-
sponsible work. There is practically no
limit to the possibilities of a good
draftsman, though in starting the
salary will probably be from about
$2 per day up.

Tempering Gears.

We would like a safe, simple method
for hardening the teeth of steel cut
gears after they have been dressed so
that warping will be eliminated.

We would suggest that two large
washers be used, bolting the gear firmly
between them when hardening. This
will keep the centre of the gear soft
and assist in preventing warping. We
would also suggest that the gears be
re-tempered just before finishing.

Heat the gears in a muffle, if possi-
ble, thus preventing the gears coming
in contact with the fire. Heat the
gears from 1,500 to 1,550 degs., but not
higher. In hardening, the gear may be
put on an arbor, letting the arbor rest
on the side of the box. The gear can
then be turned around in the solution,
having only enough solution in the box
to wet the teeth. Small wheels are

usually case-hardoned by cyanide of
potassium. Readers having had exper-
ience in case-hardening gears are re-
quested to send in the results of their
experience.

Factories Act.

Will you permit me to use some of
the valuable space in your paper to
make a protest in reference to an
amendment that is being made in the
Factories Act that any employe in-
jured can start a suit for dam-
ages in six months.

While quite in favor of any amend-
ments that make for the safety of
employes, yet here is the danger in
this amendment, the easier it is for
employes to get damages the more
careless they become, especially when
there are a lot of lawyers who are
looking for every little excuse to work
up a case for damages. Most em-
ployers know that nine times out of
ten that injury is caused by careless-
ness ; this should not be encouraged.

A good strong protest on the part of
manufacturers would mean that the
law would be fixed so that the respon-
sibility would be placed on the right
parties, not a case of hold up.

MANUFACTURER.

RE-LIGHTING CUPOLA FIRE.

It isn't often that a cupola fire goes
out, but accidents will happen. It was
probably the first time in the history of
the Canada Foundry Co., Toronto, when
their cupola fire went out recently. It
certainly was the first in the long experi-
ence of E. B. Gihnour, superintendent
of the molding department.

It may be interesting to know how
the fire was re-lighted. The cupola was
filled to the charging door with tons of
coke and iron, and a look through the
tuyeres showed that every bit of wood
had been consumed and the cupola
could not be dumped, as there was a
large floor of molds ready for the charge
to melt.

A steel bar was procured, and the
breastwork was knocked out. A gener-
ous piece of waste was soaked in oil and
pushed underneath the charge. Then
with a gas' torch and compressed air a
flame was kept playing on the waste
and coke bed until the fire was started,
when the blast was turned on and the
melt proceeded with in the regular way.

The fire bricks and ground fire clay of
this company are well known in Canada,
and under the control of Mr. Gibb a
vigorous selling campaign is to be in-
stituted. The success of the Glenboig
products is due to the quality of the
clay found at Glenboig, Lanarkshire,
and the advanced methods, combining
care and knowledge, employed in the
manufacture. The products of the com-
pany have been successfully shown at
all the principal exhibitions, and in every
case have secured the highest awards,
the medals and diplomas numbering 48.
About a thousand hands are engaged in
mining the fire-clay and in the processes
of converting the raw material into all
kinds of fire-clay goods, showing the ex-
tensiveness of the operations of the com-
pany and the demand for their goods
from all quarters of the globe.

PERSONAL

F. Horace Disston, lately of Philadel-
phia, has been appointed superintendent
of Henry Disston & Sons' new saw
works at Toronto.

J. Hossack, Toronto, sales manager
of the Lufkin Rule Co., is visiting the
Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland,
on a business trip.

F. B. Cowan, manager of the Ganan-
oque Bolt Works, which has been taken
into the Canada Bolt Co. merger, will
be manager of the two Gananoque
branches of the merged company.

W. F. Beardshaw, of J. Beardshaw &
Sons, Baltic Steel Works, Sheffield,
Eng., is in Montreal, on a visit to
Alex. Gibb, the sole Canadian agent of
this firm. Mr. Beardshaw will visit
several other Canadian cities while in
Canada.

Fred Harding, who has been secretary-
treasurer of the London Machine Tool
Co., Hamilton, since it started was
presented with a valuable gold watch
by his fellow director's. Mr. Harding
is leaving the company to go to To-
ronto, where he has accepted a posi-
tion with the Chapman Double Ball
Bearing Co.

H. C. Hunt, who has been managing
director of Brass & Steel Goods, Ltd.,
Belleville, since its organization has
transferred his interests to W. C.
Springer, who will take the full man-
agement and direction of the company.
It is stated that the Corbin Lock Co.
is. to take over the Brass' & Steel Goods
Company's business and the plant is to
be enlarged considerably.

FIRE-CLAY AGENCY.
Alex. Gibb, 13 St. John St., Montreal
has been appointed sole agent for Can-
ada of the Glenboig Union Fire-Clay
Co., whose head office is at West Regent
Street, Glasgow.

49

According to the Geological Survey,
the United States leads all other coun-
tries in the conversion of raw asbestos
into manufactured products, although
much less than 1 per cent, of the ma-
terial used is mined in that country.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

GnadianMachinery

^Manufacturing News^

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power devetoped from steam, gas, elec-
ricity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President

H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto

G. C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto

F.C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal

W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

Business Manager
Managing Editor
Associate Editor

OFFICES :

CANADA _

Montreal Rooms 701-703 Eastern

Townships Bank Bldg

Toronto - 10 Front Street East

Phone Main 9701

Winnipeg, 511 Union Bank Building

Phone 3726

F. R. Munro

British Columbia - Vancouver

H. Hodgson,

Room 21. Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street. E.C.

Phone Central 121160

J. Meredith McKim

UNITED STATES
New York - - R. B. Huestis
1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-
ance and Trust Building-
Phone. 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE . „

Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,
Paris. France

SWITZERLAND

Zurich

Louis Wol
Orell Fussli & Co

Cable Address:
Macpubco, Toronto. Atabek, London, Eng.

SUBSCRIPTION RATE.

Canada, United States. $1.00, Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4». 6d., per year; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.

Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified
at once of any change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

March, 1910

No. 3

hands of a business man who understood what it was in-
tended to do. We never would have had the last clause
which makes the party knowingly privy to any offence of
the act liable to the same penalties as the giver of the
secret rebate.

The boards of trade which represent the manufactur-
ing and all business interests of a community should
therefore be in touch with the government and should be
made acquainted with what is going on in parliament.

A copy of each bill respecting business should be sent
to the president or secretary of each board of trade just
as soon as it is in type in order to give the business men
an opportunity of studying it and offering their opinions.

LET THE BUSINESS MEN KNOW.

There are bills which come up from time to time in
the Dominion Parliament and in the various provincial
parliaments which meed the expert attention of the busi-
ness men of the country. Yet these men never see or hear
of these bills until they come before the house and then
only through meagre newspaper reports.

How simple it would be for the governments to have a
list of the boards of trade in Canada and in the respective
provinces on file and each time a hill is drawn up to send
a copy to each.

Boards of trade are composed of the best business
men in the country; they are therefore the most competent
men to judge whether a bill is in the best interests of
trade or not; they are in a position to suggest changes,
omissions, or additions which often make a bill really
effective.

A good example of this is to be found in the Secret
Commissions Act. If that bill had not fallen into the

50

BE PROGRESSIVE.

The man who "never did things like that" is gradu-
ally weeding himself from the list of successful men in
their business and profession. When confronted with the
problems of the present and having suggested to him
certain courses to pursue, he puts up the plea that he
has never done things that way, has heretofore been suc-
cessful and sees no reason why he should modify, change,
or add to that which has made him where he is. He keeps
on for a while in the way he is going, and although he
insists that he is doing good work, he knows that some-
thing is wrong, somewhere, but he still sees no reason
for adopting newfangled ideas.

If we can't make up our minds to do the things of
to-day as the necessities of the day demands and shape
our methods according to the particular requirements of
the present, we'll sooner or later And that he who has a
way of his own of doing things, and persists in doing
things that way under any conditions, will get left fax
behind in life's race.

A man goes to bed with a clear conscience that he has
Used his business properly for the problems he has con-
tended with during the day, but he wakes up to his busi-
ness the next morning with some new series or sets of
trouble confronting him that demand other treatments.

Ignoring or passing over won't rid his business of the
annoyances, and because he didn't have them to contend
with 10 or 20 years ago, he fools himself expensively if
he attempts to let them go unnoticed and unconquered.

It doesn't make an difference how we did things some
other day; the problems of to-day are the ones that de-
mand our attention to-day, and if we don't know how to
handle them, it is up to us to iiiul out immediately.

MODERNIZING OLD SHOPS.

The advent of high-speed steels has made many ma-
chines in the shop out-of-date. Some foremen, superin-
tendent- ■ 1 1 1 « 1 manufacturers have found it inconvenient

CANADIAN MACHINERY

to make use of the new steel on account of the machines
not being able to stand up to their work. Some superin-
tendents have found it advisable to replace the less mod-
ern machinery by those of heavier design, and in some
eases by motor-driven machines, the older machines being
then consigned to the scrap pile. When the efficiency
of the shop can be increased to an amount to pay at least
the interest on the investment, this is a paying proposi-
tion.

In other shops the first cost has been a difficulty in
the way and the old machines have been worked to their
capacity, which in some cases is very low compared with
1910 practice. Others again by the adoption of several
schemes have brought the machinery up-to-date.

Where lathes have four-step cones, they were ma,de in-
to two. the first and third steps being raised to the level
of the second and fourth. A belt of twice the width is
then used, giving power sufficient to greatly increase the
output of the lathe and to obtain the benefit derivable
from using high-speed steel. Other machines, including
shapers, etc., have been similarly treated.

Increased outputs are obtained with planers by using
individual motor drive, connecting them to the planer-
driving gear by chain drive or increasing the width of the
belt so that high-speed steel may be used.

With the increased speed of the machinery in bringing
it up to modern requirements, attention has been given
to lubrication. The drilled hole in the bearing is replaced
by an oil cup, which keeps the fast-running parts well
lubricated.

It has been found in modernizing the machine shop by
introducing modern tools and bringing older ones up-to-
date, that the capacity of a given number of tools is
greatly increased and costs of output have decreased. The
modern machine tool, coupled with good management, is
a great factor in present-day competition, and the shop
thai is up-to-date, is the one that produces at a minimum
cost.

CANADA'S FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS.

The surtax of one-third maximum duty on imports
from Germany has been abolished, the new agreement
taking effect. March 1. We have pointed out on several
occasions that various German organizations were inter-
est imI in promoting better trade relations between Ger-
many and Canada, and the present arrangement between
ili b two governments is the result.

The French Treaty is now in force, as intimated in the
February issue of Canadian Machinery, Among the
French goods provided for in the treaty are:

316. Electric light carbons and points, 38J per cent.

339. Mfgs. of lead, 271 per cent.

352. Brass and copper nails, tacks, rivets and burrs
or washers; bells and gongs, n.o.p. ; and manufactures of
brass or BOppoer, n.o.p.. 27J per cent.

5i

354. Manufacturers of aluminum, n.o.p., 224 per cent.

418. Wire cloth, or woven wire of brass or copper 221
per cent.

438. Locomotives and motor cars, for railways and
tramways; and automobiles and motor vehicles of all
kinds, 30 per cent.

Ex 453. Telephone and telegraph instruments, electric
and galvanic batteries, electric motors, dynamos, generat-
ors, suckets, insulators of all kinds; electric apparatus,
n.o.p.; and iron and steel castings, and iron and steel
integral parts of all machinery above specified, 25 per cent.

454. Manufactures, articles of wares of iron or steel
or of which iron and steel (or either) are the component
materials of chief value, n.o.p., 271 per cent.

The following Canadian products are included among
those provided for in the treaty: —

205. Cast iron.

206. Wrought iron crude, in blooms, prisms or bars.

207. Iron, drawn in bars, angle and T iron, axles and
tires, in the rough.

210. Sheet and plate iron.

212. Iron or steel wire, whether tinned, coppered,

zincked, galvanized or not.

212. Rails of iron or steel.

213. Steel in bars.

214. Axles and tires rough, in steel.
216. Steel.

221. Copper.

222. Lead.
225. Nickel.
227. Antimony.

488. Transmission belts, etc., of leather.

522. Agricultural machinery.

554. Iron castings.

567. Tubes of iron or steel, not welded.

620. Manufacturers of India-rubber and gutta-percha.

In the seven months ending January 31, 1910, United
States imported into Canada, goods valued at $116,130.-
775. It is to be hoped that the Tariff Commission of the
United States will make satisfactory arrangements for
the continuance of the growing exchange of products be-
tween the United States and Canada.

Canadian trade in January amounted to .$51,500,102-,
of which total the increase is $12,322,627. • Imports and
exports are in the proportion of about three to two. which
is a gain of thirty per cent, over the first month of
1909, when the commercial recovery had Barely begun.
One of the most encouraging features of the ten months'
statement is an increase of two millions in manufactured
articles exported. For the ten months imports have
totalled $302,050,207, an increase of $60,978,445.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

PRINCIPLES OF MELTING IRON.
By E. B. Gilmour *

The subject which I have chosen is
•'The Principles of Melting Iron in the
Cupola." The name and style of this
furnace is derived from a cupola or
dome leading to the chimney, which is
now frequently omitted.

Cupolas are made in sizes ranging
from 18" to an unlimited size in diam-
eter, to suit the requirements of the
foundryman, and in nearly every foundry
there are two or more cupolas, a small
one for every day use, and a large one
for specially large heats. The shape and
style of cupolas have become more or
less standardized with very little differ-
ence as regards results, unless when
some one in authority is putting in a
new plant, and wants one of his own
design, and at the same time, if he was
put upon his own resources he could not
melt iron even in his own cupola. All
founders possess more or less knowledge
of cupola practice, and mixing of irons.
When I say founders I do not mean
molders, as plenty of molders do not
know know anything about the cupola.

1 he cupola furnace for melting iron has
a great advantage over all kinds of fur-
naces, as it melts iron cheaply and
quickly, from a small quantity to an
unlimited amount, with very little fuel.
The cupola does not improve the quality
of the iron melted, but in this age of
keen competition, every one is trying to
get the best results as regards quality
and quantity in their product. The im-
provements that have been worked on
the cupola have been very little, com-
paratively, with the other improvements
that have been added to the foundry. I
remember the old style of cupola with
the single tuyere on each side, blowing
direct into the furnace which gave good
results. Now they are built in multiple
rows of tuyeres, which is a great im-
provement.

Cupola Practice.

In good cupola practice there is a
loss of heat units to the extent of
about 25 per cent., and in order to have
perfect combustion, you must supply a
sufficient amount of oxygen to the
amount of carbon in your cupola,
as when a substance containing
carbon burns in an insufficient
supply of air, oxidation of the car-
bon is not complete and the product, in-

• Sunerintendent Holding Department. Canada
Foundry To., Toronto.

stead of being carbon-dioxide, is carbon-
monoxide, consequently there will be a
great loss of fuel, in not using all the
heat units capable of being produced, ac-
cording to the amount of fuel supplied,
but if you add at different stages in
your cupola more oxygen, it will com-
bine with the carbon-monoxide and pro-
duce carbon-dioxide, and in this stage
you have as near perfect combus-
tion as it is practical to get, from a
cupola.

Too much blast is attended with an
increased consumption of fuel per ton of
iron melted, which also chills the fur-
nace and causes it to scaffold. On the
other hand, too little blast is attended
with a loss of heat.

It is not my object, to advertise any
particular kind of cupola or condemn
any one that is on the market for sale,
but to try and outline some of the prin-
ciples involved in melting iron in the
cupola.

After a very careful study, extending
over a number of years, both from a
chemical and practical standpoint, I de-
signed a cupola with upper tuyeres. I
never had the opportunity to erect a
cupola as desired, but some years later
I was employed with the E. P. Ellis
Co., Milwaukee, Wis., who had a cupola
of practically the same design which was
giving most remarkable records ; this
was a Whiting cupola of nine tons capa-
city per hour. Previous to the changes
having been put upon it which after-
wards gave fifteen tons pjr hour and
giving very hot iron for the finest of ma-
chinery castings, with a consumption of
fuel of ten to one, this ratio could be
easily increased, but in order to get
good hot and clean iron you must use
fuel, and this is a very exceptional re-
sult. We often see in trades journals re-
cords of far more phenomenal results
than this, but I am sorry to say that
they are only upon paper, or if they are
in the foundry, you have a proportional
large scrap heap caused by dull iron.

Getting Iron Hot.

One great secret in foundry practice is
to get the iron hot, which means clean
iron. The fact of trying to save a little
coke in the cupola is all a fallacy be-
cause the price of coke is not of so
much consideration, when in ordinary
practice you get eight pounds of iron
melted for one pound of coke. The prin-
cipal thing is to get quick melting so
that you can get more hours molding.
As a rule when iron begins to flow the

52 . . .

molder gets ready to pour, so conse-
quently the longer your heats, the less
production.

Description.

For the benefit of those who are not
familiar with the cupola I will begin at
the foundation and explain how iron is
melted. The cupola is practically a cy-
linder made of boiler plate with holes at
regular intervals divided around the shell
averaging about two feet from the bot-
tom. This shell is set up on four legs
attached to a cast iron frame with two
half circled doors with hinges. These
doors are held up with a rod or pin
from the ground. The inside of this
shell is lined with fire brick all the way
up to the top in order to preserve the
shell. These holes around the shell are
called tuyeres, which are connected to
each other by a continuous belt around
the outside, and it is this tuyere ar-
rangement that gives effective or non-ef-
fective melting, as the case may be. On
top of the bottom doors there is about
four inches of sand gradually tapered to-
wards the tap hole. A fire of wood is
started on top of this sand and filled up
with coke, up to tvjenty-four inches
above the top of the tuyeres. Between
this point and the. tuyeres is called the
melting zone ; this is where all the melt-
ing is done. On top of this coke bed an
amount of iron is put on, to about 3£
pounds to one of coke in the bed, there-
after another layer of coke and iron al-
ternately, of one to ten, and this is con-
tinued until all is charged that is re-
quired for that day. On top of each
charge of iron is placed about 30 to 40
pounds of lime stone, this makes the
slag from the iron and coke very fluid,
so that in large heats it is run off, so
as to keep the cupola clean.

About two years ago, when the foun-
drymen were in convention in Toronto,
there was a new cupola put upon the
market with •phenomenal records of
melting. It embodied the same principle
as I was working in my cupola, but with
this difference, that he drew all the
gases from the cupola as they escaped
over the top of the highest charge with
another row of tuyeres at this level. As
a consequence he draws the carbon-
dioxide gas which is, roughly speaking,
the ash of the gases, generated in con-
sumption. Mow this is a gas that you
want to get rid of. His system is to
get the oyygen from the charging door,
also the carbon-monoxide from the
cupola, which would be hot, and get rid
of the clogging of the tuyeres This

CANADIAN MACHINERY

system has not proved so good as the
designer anticipated, as I watched the
records and demonstrations (or three
days, and noticed a very heavy burning
out of the upper tuyeres, and the iron
was not hot enough for the usual run of
light castings. I believed that the sav-
ing of fuel was at the expense of the
iron.

Melting Irregularities.

In general cupola practice there are a
number of irregularities in melting which
caused Mr. Hart to make an inquiry as
to the cause. This is also in the blast
furnace ; he says :— "He describes some
of the irregularities to differences in at-
mospheric pressure ; thus the range of
the barometer in Great Britain being
about three inches, or rather more than
one tenth of the mean pressure, this
change of density would produce a dif-
ference of one-tenth in the bulk of the
air. And, therefore, between a severe
frost with the thermometer at 20 deg.
and sultry weather at 70 degrees, the
difference would be 50 degrees, and as
atmospheric air dilates or contracts one
four hundred and eighty-fifth part of
every degree, this difference in temper-
ature would produce a variation of ra-
ther more than one-tenth in the mass
or bulk of the air. So that, if during
severe frost the barometer stood at
thirty-one inches, while during sultry
weather it stood at twenty-eight inches,
the combined effects of the differences in
temperature and the pressure would
amount to a total variation of one-fifth
in the hulk of the blast, which would be
nearly equivalent to a careless furnace
man putting into his furnace ninety
pounds of coal instead of one hundred.
During a whole casting, indeed, the dif-
ference from temperature and pressure
amounts to something like an irregular
charging of the furnace with ninety
pounds indiscriminately, instead of one
hundred pounds regularly "

These observations of Mr. Hart are
certainly worthy of attention. The im-
pression of the effect of moisture in the
air is still as firmly held as ever. Tak-
ing the average of five years, selected at
intervals of the same period, for twenty-
two years working, the following quan-
tities of coal were consumed for every
ton of crude iron produced : —

a

e

Foundry iron furnace. 49.7 52.2 53.1 55.4
Forge iron furnace... 43.6 44.2 44.6 45.8
Blast furnace iron... 13 .2 14.1 50.1 49.5

In the first, or foundry iron furnace,
the excess of autumn over winter months
is eleven per cent. ; in forge furnace
equal to five per cent., and in blast fur-
nace fifteen per cent.

Statistics of Canada's Iron and Steel Production

Returns Gathered by Canadian Machinery for 1 909 show

Material Advances over the Totals for the Previous Year.

Although Canada's iron and steel pro- land, Ont., which will go into operation

ductions for 1909 may not show such in about three months,

tremendous increases as reported to The Algoma Steel Co., in addition to

have happened in the United States, yet the new furnace and mills now in course

the authentic figures— now first publish- of construction, are also adding coke

ed— indicate a marked improvement over ovens to be built this year.

those of the previous year. In every The Deseronto plant of the Standard

line there has been a significant ad- Chemical Co. will be improved by an

vance, and the gratifying totals which ore trestle, and the instalation of an

we anticpated at the publishing of our electric motor in the ore dock. Cana-

half yearly statement have been more dian Machinery has already published

than realised. Taking iron and steel as details of the additions now in course of

the best trade barometer that a country construction at the Dominion Iron &

can possess, it is evident that Canada Steel and the Hamilton Iron & Steel,
had a good year, and starts in the best

of shape for making 1910 the best of all. The Year's Figures.

20 to 30 Per Cent. Gain. Year enA™s Year endin*

Dee. 31 Dec. 31

A glance at the appended figures 1908. 1909

shows that the total pig iron produc- 'Total iron production.. 566,515 679,161

tion for last year was 112,648 tons bet- Total ingot steel pro-

ter than for 1908, or nearly 20 percent., duction 511,569 675 929

while the ingot production was 164,- D . ,,

360 tons, or over 30 per cent. Consid- ,t t

.. . ,, . ... I ig Iron—

enng that the improvements taking r) .

place in the various plants were, in but ^ 345'494 362>947

few cases, sufficiently advanced to be of JHT?? U6'23° 16M°2

any great help, it can be understood %?**?** "•" 3 29,500

that the pressure of all this increased Jf™** 81'932 107.041

j .. , , , Charcoal l 566 15 671

production must have been very great. Q,f i_ *».»«

In fact, for several months the furnaces T

wore not looking for orders, and deliv- £f°ts 3l1'569 G75.929

ery was hard to obtain. The conges- &" 370'563 472-12(i

tion in steel was likewise severe, es- "'"I** °?'473 139>335

peciallv as two of the great producers " "" .' 2°7>377 337,346

■'. ... , . , . ,, Wire rods 41420 73 002

were out of the open market, having all „ , . , «■,■»» lo,™'

. ,, , . , . -._ .. . Bar steel, iron- and
thev could do to look after their own

wants structural material.. 81,984 121,058

Detailed Figures. Castings 9,350 13,960

,-., ,,-,.., , c t ., Plate, axles, spikes and

Ot the detailed figures of the iron pro- , .

, ,. ., .,, , ,. . ., \... sundries 3,1 10 6,521

duction it will be noticed that while '

they all show advances, Bessemer, with ~

an increase of 47,772 tons, or over 40 The Osborn Mfg. Co., 5401 East
per cent., and foundry with an increase Hamilton Ave., Cleveland, have issued
of 25,109 tons, or over 30 per cent., are catalogue No. 124 describing their ad-
most prominent, that is so far as com- justable flask stripping molding ma-
parisons with the previous year are chine. The machine is made in three
concerned. sizes and each -size can be adjusted to
The steel figures show great and signi- fonr standard widths of flasks and anv
ficant increases. Wire rods for instance, i,,no|i, ils may ))e requiml
show an increase of 31,582 tons, or 76 Patterns ere mounted on a metal or
per cent.; bar steel, iron and struc- wood patten late. The cast iron flask

Uual material, 39,074 tons; rails, 69, . . ... . ,

ocn . .. , , , supports on either side of the machine

969 tons, while plate, axles and sun- „., „■,. , ,, . , ,,

, . , , ., . are adjustable sideways, these adiust-

dnes, etc., show the greatest compara- , Z • ■> ■ , ', , ■ ,

c i.u 4. c o sol 1 meats being graduated to .! inch spaces,

tive increase of anv, that of 3,381 tons,- , . ,,.;. - ' If"*" ■

or over 100 per cent. Castings also :U,<1 '*' f^n, the surface plates on

are very prominent, with an increase top °f tllese flasfc ^pports are also ad-

of 4,610 tons or nearly 50 per cent. It •'"stable ^'leways to .accommodate the

is evident from this that all classes of maohkie to any (rifling irregularities in

consumers have been active buyers. nasks ot standard sizes.

Twelve furnaces were in blast com- A fu'l description with illustrations

pared with eleven for the previous year. '9 given in the catalogue. Several other

The Canada Iron Corporation are molding machines are also described,

building an additional furnace at Mid- The catalogue will be sent on request.

53

CANADIAN MACHINERY

SUGGESTED CHANGE IN CUPOLA
PRACTICE.*

By Dr. R. Moldenke, Watchung, N.J.

In the last few years considerable has
been written on the subject of imper-
fect castings, and many and varied have
been the reasons advanced to account for
I he existence of pin. gas and slag holes,
interior shrinkages, draws, cracks, and
the like. The supposition that these un-
desirable manifestations are solely due
to molding troubles, bad sand, air in
the molds which can not escape fast
enough, bad design, or an improper mix-
ture of metal, does not always convince
the experienced foundryman. He has.
however, no other recourse than to cor-
rect what he can in his practice as lie
sees it, and trust that he will soon run
out of his bad run of luck. Usually by
the time things begin to get irritating,
the castings have all been made, and the
trouble is forgotten for the time being.

For a number of years it has been
my feeling that aside from causes easily
seen and remedied, the fundamental
difficulty in nearly all cases of imperfect
castings lies deeper and may be found
directly in the manner in which the
stock is melted down. In other words,
that there is something about every melt-
ing process, whether cupola, air furnace
or open hearth, that must be taken into
account, otherwise a greater or less num-
ber of the castings made will show
spongy spots, pinholes, etc., when ma-
chined.

It is the purpose of this paper to go
into the subject a little, to try to give
I he probable cause, and suggest a remedy
for much of the above mentioned trouble.

Foundrymen will remember that sever-
al years ago a very elaborate series of
enpola melting tests were made at the
(iovernment testing plant in connectio.11
with the St. Louis exposition, and the
year thereafter I was in charge of this
work, and present at nearly every indi-
vidual test, and hence could observe the
peculiar behavior of the several cokes
tested out. A large number of cokes
made on the premises from coals gather-
ed all over the country, and selected
specially for their probable usefulness
for foundry purposes, were run through
two small cupolas under standard con-
ditions, and results noted. The series
of tables subsequently published, while
giving the coal producer information of
direct value to him for his special use.
also demonstrated a number of things
for the foundry which would have been
impossible to get in ordinary practice,
as m» one individual could afford to

* Head before American Koundrymen's Asso-
ciation.

burn up a lot of valuable iron in order
to derive information therefrom.

As these tests really form the basis
for what is to follow, a few words in
further explanation may not be amiss.
The Technological Branch of the U.S.
Geological Survey coked a great num-
ber of coals sent in by producers all
over the country. Wherever these cokes
showed a composition anywhere near
foundry requirements, some were set
aside for melting tests. In all some
one hundred and ninety tests were made.
Three thousand pounds of metal were
melted in each test. In order to have
uniform conditions for the coke bed, and
still suit the average coke made, four-
teen inches above the lower tuyeres was
selected, and this height kept for every
test. The upper tuyeres were kept
closed. A melting ration of 7 to 1 was
adopted. The coke used for the bed
was weighed as put in to the proper
mark. In this manner, measuring the
height of the bed by a wire and weigh!
dropped in. the exact amount of coke
used could It,- noted. This weight varied
from 180 to 230 pounds, showing quite a
range in specific gravity. Four times
this weight was charged in metal for the
tirst charge, and the successive charges
of coke and metal remaining to hold the
ratio at 7 to 1 divided up into four
parts, coke varying from 50 to 62
pounds, and the metal correspondingly.

Blast was put on — about 7 ounces — and
the time noted when iron began to show
at the spout. Iron came in 5 to 15 min-
utes. This is interesting as indicating
the rate at which coke was consumed,
and the iron brought into the melting
zone. With the best results the iron
came in 7 to 10 minutes.

Necessarily for the extremely light
and the unduly heavy cokes this melting
practice would spell disaster, and

it, did so. the melting loss show-
ing this up very markedly. Pos-
sibly this may convince many foun-
drymen who think it impossible to burn
iron in the cupola. The results show
this melting loss to he from 3.2 all the
way up to 52.5 per cent, of the metal
charged. The cupolas were constantly
Blagged off. but in the worst case above
mentioned, so much g!ag was made that
it flooded the tuyeres, and effectually
stopped operations. When bottom was
dropped, there was no metal remaining.
Tt was quite evident that with the light-
er varieties of coke, they burned away
so fast that the metal came to the lower
portion of the melting zone much earlier
than it should. Hence metal was burn-
ed directly by the blast. The first heavy
charge, in melting, lowered (his coke
bed to a point which not only ruined the
metal melted, but also prevented the

54

subsequent charges of coke from restor-
ing the bed to its proper level again.
The burning therefore continued, and a
very bad heat resulted.

Heavy Cokes.

Now taking the very heavy cokes.
Here it was necessaiy to wait quite a
while before the bed had burned low
enough to begin melting. Necessarily
to keep the ratio of one to four for
the first charge, a very heavy one re-
sulted. Here again the coke bed was
lowered unduly in melting this first ex-
tra heavy charge, again bringing the
metal too close to the blast. Result —
burnt metal. The trouble in such cases,
however, was aggravated by the fact
that the subsequent coke charges were
eery small — too much having gone info
the bed and being burned away without
effect, remembering that the ratio of 7
lo 1 was maintained in the heat. Hence
again difficulty, and bottom dropped
with a lot of unmelted pig iron remain-
ing. The fuel became insufficient to
even support the Bessemerizing influence
of the blast.

So it will be seen that where the melt-
ing process with a given coke and con-
ditions normal gives good iron, it does
not necessarily follow that any other
coke will act the same, and hence many
are the mistakes made in using new
varieties of coke in a foundry without
studying the conditions that should ob-
tain to get results from them.

Burning Iron.

A word about burning iron in the
cupola. Those who have watched the
making of the iron silicates can realize
how very little silica can carry great
quantities of iron to make a thin black
slag. In the heating shop where steel
or wrought iron billets are gotten ready
for the hammers, this process can be
watched very nicely. The regenerative
system of heating the modern furnace
keeps things intensely hot in them, and
as the billets become red and then white
hot the metal oxidizes and wastes awav
rapidly, uniting with the sand bottom
to a rich silicate, which flows out of the
back of the hearth in a steady thin
stream. This material is prized by the
furnace as a wash and is easily 60 per
cent, and over in iron content. Tn the
bottom of the open hearth furnace, after
a malleable heat, oftentimes pook of
iron remain which rapidly oxidize, burn-
ing with a display of fine sparks, to dis-
appear after uniting with the sand bot-
tom as a dark spot mi a fiery surface.
Of the Bessemer process nothing need
he said here, as the burning of the metal
is a self-evident proposition, though
theoretically the iron goes last. In the
blast furnace one has only to note that

CANADIAN MACHINERY.

iln: same sized furnace which produces
250 tons a day under one set of con-
ditions, and makes good honest iron for
the foundryman is made to yield double
the amount in another place, with a cor-
responding diminution in value to the
foundry. Some of the metal made gets
oxidized before arriving in the crucible.
In the cupola it is a simple thing to
watch the scintillations from the drops
of iron falling through the coke bed.
Every little shot is thus coated with a
skin of oxide as it passes the fresh blast
and goes into the bath below. Just how
much this oxidation amounts to depends
upon the position of the stock with re-
ference to the melting zone, as the ma-
terial runs off molten.

Whether the blast attacks the lining
and this eats up the oxidized metal, or
the oxidized metal unites with the ash
of the coke, needing so little silica, mat-
ters very little. The slag formed eventu-
ally gets blown upward and to the sides,
the rich iron oxides greedily eat the
lining, and great quantities of slag re-
sult. In the case above cited where the
melting loss was over half the metal
charged, the slag contained 43.50 per
cent. iron.

A study of the St. Louis results leads
one to look into the melting process a
little. Melting in the crucible has al-
ways given the best results, and simply
because the oxidizing influences are at
a minimum. In the air furnace, proper
attention to the melting, and doing
away with the thin edge of molten metal
on the sand bottom, by making this ap-
proach the open hearth shape more,
does away with much of the oxidation
resulting in weak metal. In the open
hearth as well as the air furnace, the
reduction of the time in melting does
more than anything else to keep the
quality of the metal up. To reduce this
melting time means a first-class knowl-
edge of the process.

In the ease of the cupola things are
more complex. It is necessary to see
what functions each part of the opera-
tion serves. Take the coke bed; this
may be divided into three parts. The
first is that portion below the tuyeres
which serves as a filling. It occupies the
space intended to hold the molten iron,
and holds up the balance of the charges.
The second portion of the bed i9 that
just above the tuyeres and up to the
zone of melting. In this space the blast
has its oxygen more or less converted
to carbonic acid and carbonic oxide.
The third portion is incandescent coke
at which the actual melting takes place.
The second and third portions of the
coke, of course, shade into each other,
the temperature of the coke rising from
the comparatively dull heat of the bot-

tom tilling, to the hottest part at the
melting line. As the metal melts, this
line — if it may be so called — naturally
drops downward, and when all of the
first charge is gone, the first intermediate
coke charge gets on the bod, bringing it
upward again. The second charge of
iron is melted, the bed dropped in so
doing, and again the next intermediate
coke charge brings it up again. And so
on. On the nicety of the charges de-
pends the rate of melting1, melting1 loss,
and a number of other things.

That practically only the portion of
the coke above the tuyeres does any
melting is proven by the fact that in
many foundries where it is not desired
to hold any metal in the cupola at all,
the tuyeres are placed a few inches from
the bottom. Again, that the lower por-
tion of the coke above the tuyeres is
also not effective for good is shown by
the damage done when the iron gets too
low. Hence the upper part only of the
coke charge should be counted as effec-
tive, and study be given it to see how
it can be made most so.

Coke Bed.

The first question that presents itself
to the thinking mind is why — if only the
upper part of the coke bed does the
melting, and this part being used up in
so doing, is replaced by the small coke
charge above — why is the first charge in
cupolas made heavier than the rest? It
seems unreasonable, in fact absolutely
incorrect to do so. Think a moment —
iron does not begin to melt until the
coke has burned down to the proper
point. It takes more coke burned away
after melting starts, to care for a big
first charge, than for a little one, such
as the ones subsequently nsed. There-
fore with the big charge, the coke bed
has been lowered so much that the sub-
sequent coke charge does not restore the
bed to its original height — in fact far
from it. The second iron charge there-
fore does not begin to melt where the
first one did, but much below it. Re-
sult— burnt iron in both eases. This
goes right on for every succeeding
charge, the latter end of each being too
low and near the blast which at this
low point contains a lot of unconsumed
oxygen. Usually we find that the in-
termediate coke charges are just a little
large, and gradually the line of meltinir
a brought back to where it should 'be,
and hence the burning trouble is confined
to the first part of the heat. One often
hears that toward the end of a heat the
iron comes slow, and by cutting the coke
in the last charges a little, quicker re-
sults are obtained. This is simply due
to the extra large coke charges bringing
the bed above the melting line, and

55

hence coke must be burned away to get
the iron into the proper place again for
melting.

The conclusion that • one must come
to — if the reasoning is correct — is that
the first charge shall be no larger than
the others succeeding.

Charges.

The second thought that comes from
this is the natural result of the first,
ami that is — if the unreasonable fluctu-
ation of the melting zone produced by
an excessively large first charge does
damage to the metal, then why not make
all the charges not only alike, but as
small as it is possible to make them, in
order to hold the melting line as con-
stant as possible.

Herein lies the change I suggest in
cupola practice as it is carried on to-day.
I have tried this method repeatedly in
the last year with remarkable results,
nearly all the imperfections mentioned
in the beginning of this paper being
wiped out wherever the charges were
made very small, the bed started off at
the right height, and that the inter-
mediate coke charges proportioned in
such a way that uniform melting re-
sulted throughout the heat, and of
course the chemical composition correct,
and charging and melting accomplished
with care.

The bed may be accepted as of proper
height when iron comes at the spout in
seven to ten minutes, the latter time
being preferable. The charges are made
so small that the proportionate amount
of coke between just covers them and
no more, say from two to four inches in
depth. The ratio of iron and coke is
kept just the same as previously in
starting off this way, except that after
deducting the coke for the bed from the
sum total of coke charged, all the iron
and all the coke left; is divided up into
equal and small charges. After running
a while it will invariably be found that
the coke can be reduced somewhat as
the small charge system keeps the melt-
ing so uniform that the fuel formerly
used in making slag and keeping it hot.
is applied for melting iron.

It may be of interest to say that with
cupolas of about 54 in. inside diameter,
the metal charges have been made as
low as 750 pounds each, and with ad-
mirable results. In general however, it
is well to be guided by the coke between
the metal charges, keeping this down to
the smallest convenient amount, and
making the metal charges proportionate
to hold up the melting ratio. In this
way there is a quick succession of coke
layers to keep the bed right up to the
proper level. Tn no case is the metal

CANADIAN MACHINERY

charge so large that the melting line is
lowered very materially, and hence a
minimum of iron is burned. The con-
sequence of this is the practical wiping
out of pin holes, the removal of draws,
gas pockets, lessening of strains which
mean cracks, and the closing up or
rather prevention of spongy metal. All
this, of course, not in its entirety, but in
so great a measure that the discount is
lowered to a highly gratifying extent.
I could name case after case, where upon
being called in to assist over much diffi-
culties, this simple and logical — I think
it — charging method, has accomplished
everything that could be desired. I take
pleasure, therefore, in giving it to the
foundry public, for their criticism and
trial if they choose to do so. It may
help someone who has castings to make
which are machined and put under pres-
sure tests.

I need not call attention to the greater
uniformity in the mixture attained by
this small charge method. This alone
would commend it to the smaller jobber,
who oftentimes has either no bull-ladle,
or a very small one, holding say half of
a charge only.

My own suggestion for charging a
cupola, especially for big heats, would be
somewhat on the following line: — Have
the cupola cut off, say six in. above the
platform, and arrange a hood further
up to draw off the gases. (This I be-
lieve is done in England in some places).
Have a large cylinder slightly smaller
than the inside diameter of the cupola,
and provided with a drop bottom. Place
the charges for the cupola inside this
cylinder, or several of them, laying tin
metal, scrap and coke evenly and care-
fully. Do this in your metal yard. Then
transport to the cupola, run directly
over it by some overhead method, and
drop the charges squarely into the
cupola. This will reduce the platform
labor to next to nothing, allow the
charges to be weighed by crane scale
overhead, and laid right, and mean only
one handling in the yard. It would be
mechanical charging in its best sense.
and rather more effective than the pres-
ent blast furnace hoist. Moreover, charg-
ing could not well be made any cheaper.

Modem Practice in the Pattern Shop and Foundry «

Old Methods Have Passed Away and New Ideas have Revolu-
tionized Patternmaking, Making Possible Great Savings in the Foundry.

By JOS. LEON GOBEILLE "

COMMON SENSE.

This question was asked upon an ex-
amination paper: "What steps would
you take in determining the height of a
building, using an aneroid barometer?"

The answer was: "I would lower tie
barometer by a string and measure the
string. ' '

This is a transition period in pattern-
making as it is in the foundry business.
The most curious thing about us hu-
mans is our indifference and unalertness
to change. The telephone came and al-
tered all accepted precedent ; nobody
noticed it. The automobile crop is
right now of more value in dollars than
that of cotton or gold. The flying ma-
chine will be common when next we
meet. So with the venerated and ven-
erable pattern-shop. The molding ma-
chine is also coming, mighty fast, too.

Passing of Pioneer Practice.

The old folly is passing of setting a
mechanic in wood to make a rigid model
of some intricate casting which will be,
not fabricated at all, but poured in
liquid. This foolishness is about to de-
part along with "How to temper cop-
per" and "Who was Cain's wife?" The
pattern-shop of our boyhood had its
traditions, but it has come to pass that
the man most learned and expert in
those ways is really the least import
tant thing in the pattern-shop of to-
day. Why, there is almost no gearing
used in this century— everything goes
by belts, ropes, friction or is "direct-
connected." Gears of precision are cut
anyway and a lot are not metal at all,
only rawhide. So the pattern-shop need
not keep an expert gear-maker. Cast-
tooth gears from patterns are no longer
called for. If they were wanted, we
have a fine gear-cutter more accurate
than any mere man, doing nothing most
of the time.

Concrete Patterns.

After fooling away a lot of time I de-
cided to add a separate department and
make some patterns out of concrete. In
an Italian image-maker's shop on
Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, I found
my man. He was "a artist" and was
very much surprised and grieved when
I started him on a housing to weigh
about 16,000 pounds instead of on a
group of figures, Cupids, Psyches, etc.
My man was just a little different from
the common or garden variety of pat-
ternmaker. He did not know it all and
he was a fine, honest worker. He fur-
nished his own reinforcing. I learned
since that in an old steel mattress,
which he picked up on the dump and

* Address before Pittsburg Foundrymen's Asso-
ciation.

•• Address, care oi Gobeille Pattern Co., Nia-
gara Falls, N. Y.

hauled to the shop himself, and a few
feet of barbed wire appropriated from a
chicken fence in the suburbs, he had pro-
cured the best kind of reinforcing and
bothered nobody.

Now for the part that will interest
you. A housing priced at a wage cost
of $432, my Florentine friend got out
for $71.60 and we made a good casting
from it. I was paying him $9 a week,
so much to his surptise, I raised him
to $2 a day. He is now not afraid to
tackle a water-jacketed automobile
cylinder or a cast-together tandem-
compound, core-boxes and all. To get
his water-course and steam-port section
superficies, he pours the core-box with
plaster, saws one-inch sections from the
east and weighs these sections against
1-inch cubes of the same plaster used
as weights on a common candy balance.
It is obvious that the number of cubes
necessary to balance any slice repre-
sents the number of square inches of
superficial area in that part no matter
how crooked or intricate the out-line
may be. So we built a dog-house to
our pattern-shop and put into it this
man with two helpers, who will them-
selves be experts in a year or two, on
$6 and $7 per week respectively !

Now when so many molding machines
are in use it is desirable to short-cir-
cuit, working not from the blue-print
to the pattern but directly to the plate
itself. Instead of all the expensive iron
and brass patterns with two shrinks to
allow and the thousand chances for in-
accuracy, we must arrive by carving or
modeling the piece wanted in one shrink
and working directly onto the plate.
This in practice necessitates another
dog-house for a first-class white-metal
molder. It should adjoin the concrete
man's room.

1 may confide in you to this extent :
my plaster man was from sunny Italy,
my molder from the land o' cakes.
What a Scot will say out loud about a
Dago, and what a Florentine thinks
about a Glasgow man, is not suitable
to put into words before this respecta-
ble company. What to do, well I
didn't know. Finally, I worked most
of my plates with a Hungarian green-
horn in charge. He molded lovely
plates but was slow.

Jolt Rammer Introduced.

One wonderful thing about present-
day pattern-shop practice is due to the

5*

CANADIAN MACHINERY

rise of the jolt-rammer. It is possible
to handle boards 36 by 48 inches in at
least one of the new machines and make
anything at all, large or small. After
two years' pretty close connection with
the jarring type 1 am convinced of its
entire practicability for small and light
work and for stove plate, as well as
for heavy castings. The man in charge
must know how to run it just as in
every tiling else, the automobile for ex-
ample.

The trouble with the jolt machine is
that it needs common sense to get re-
sults and common sense is scarce.
Think a moment. That bump-bump-
bump, 19 times, bumps something else
besides the sand, flasks, bars, patterns.
All catch it and must be made with a
degree of strength and accuracy not de-
manded elsewhere. Make your flasks of
solid iron, no joints at corners. Make
them absolutely interchangeable, tool
steel pins ground to 1,000th of an inch
and fitting a 1,000th of an inch tapered
reamed hole. Have them so accurately
made that any cope will fit any drag.

Man and Molding Machines.

Don't gel it into your cosmos that
the man running the machine needs any
special mental endowment. I tried a
mechanical engineer, graduate of a good
technical school. No go ! lie couldn't
even shake out cores in the old jolt-
rammer. So I hired a Russian who
combined the trade of button-hole mak-
er with a physique which stamped him
a veritable Vulean. Tic was a green-
horn and spoke no language but Rus-
sian except a few Hebrew swear-words.
All the conversation I ever had with
him was this, bump-bump-bump-bump-
bump-bump-bump. He understood and
could even increase the number of jolts,
if his air was down 20 or 30 pounds,
without any profanity on my part. That
wa i one qualification. The second was,
he was so big and strong, so bearded
and so fierce-looking, the molders were
afraid to rough-house his machine or
him. Once when he lost a mold because
some molder had buried a sponge in his
sand he wrecked three of the foundry
windows and broke two shovels with his
hands. That was enough, Strosky never
was called upon to jar-ram any more
sponges. I pacified him, but dreamed
of buttonholes and wrecked foundries
at intervals for weeks afterwards.

Advantages of Jolt Rammer.

Another advantage of the jar-rammer
in combination with the concrete man
might be illustrated in this way. We
wanted a shell-like casting for a gear-
ease. We modeled this in clay and took
an impression in plaster of the male
side which was to be our drag. We
then made a reverse, by processing, and

poured a female from which we made
our cope. These were poured in har-
dened concrete in an iron flask, allowed
to dry, rammed up separately, put to-
gether and poured from hand ladles. We
never had a pattern, but got a fine per-
fect easting. Size was about 18 by 38
by 13 inches deep, 22 indentations,
bosses and oil courses, irregular in
shape, J inch thick, weight 22S pounds,
cost of patternmaker's time $9.20, and
all from a blue-print one-quarter size.

Another photograph from life ! A
certain 60-ineh pipe bend, T-valve
end connection, cost $628, and was de-
stroyed by tire. The insurance compan-
ies settled. We replaced the patterns
(from castings) in concrete for $52. The
adjuster came around and saw the fin-
ished job. Here is what he said, "Does
this stone work cost much more than
cherry 1" "No." "Not half as much
again does it?" "No." "Well, it's
worth it, makes a harder pattern and
can't burn," said the adjuster. In that
one item the poor unfortunate foundry-
man who had the fire sold out to the
insurance company so as to make a
clear profit of $576 on an investment of
$52.

If your flasks are right you can get a
hundred castings from an ordinary con-
crete pattern and then make a new one
for less than you could patch up, var-
nish and store a wood pattern. Gen-
tlemen, believe me, the reinforced con-
crete pattern is a wonder. I have no
monopoly of it. Buy a barrel of cement
collect an Italian and try it out for
yourself.

The way to keep things even or to
change work on the big jolt-rammer is
almost too simple for words, only it
seems that nobody gets onto it. Make
a standard plate for all small work, 12
by 16 inches. That will be nine for
each big board, 30 by 48 inches. These
multiples are interchangeable and bolt-
ed in place, so when one easting runs
ahead, take out its multiple and replace
with something else, or if it runs short
make an extra plate, substitute for
something not pressing and double the
output. Very simple, and this is now-
being worked out in practice.

Non-shrink Alloys.

One word about alloys. There is now
on sale a metal that is practically non-
shrink, but what the new era pattern-
shop wants awfully bad is a white alloy
that will take solder and expand in
cooling i inch instead of contracting
that fraction. Think what that would
do for you. A casting from a broken
casting would make an absolutely ac-
curate working pattern.

I have made in vain a hundred mix-
tures seeking this Philosopher's Stone.
When it is discovered the stove founder

57

will go into deep mourning, [or patterns
for repairs that will fit any given stove
could be made from the casting itself
or a new pattern stove duplicated in its
entirety exactly right in size.

Water expands thus on cooling ; a
cubic foot of water makes a nice plus in
volume when it cools to ice. What else
does >. Especially what other material
which combines with copper and alum-
inum ?

Cutting Expenses.

Finally, gentlemen, if you do not be-
lieve in radical changes, 1 can suggest
three things which will cut down your
pattern expense very materially :

First comes the rearrangement of
your tools. To-day in most pattcrn-
. shops the tools are put in helter-skelter
—a skilled workman will put in more
time walking and carrying his lumber
than in the actual operations involved.
Change the disposition of your tools
so that the natural operations may be
sequential. Nearest the lumber racks
the cut-off saw ; then the big jointer,
the surfacer or pony planer, next, your
combination cross-cut and rip-saw,
band-saw, jig-saw, segment-cutter and
your big trimmer, in the order named,
and have one of the new toy jointers
conveniently near the bench of every
man. They are twice as helpful as any
trimmer.

Specialists in Pattern Shops.

The second source of saving is in hav-
ing' a good foreman. A bright, ambi-
tious, young man just put of his time,
who has taken a course in mechanical
drawing, makes a splendid man for
foreman. Do not select one who knows
too much about patternmaking, or de-
pend on him for carrying out intricate
valves or cored work. He can hire men
for 40 cents per hour who know all
about such details. A young man right
out of a good technical school makes a
splendid foreman, one who will get out
work and keep accurate cost accounts.

My third suggestion is a careful di-
vision of labor ; if you run more than
25 men you will be able to save more
than 25 per cent, right at the start.

Get a good turner and allow him to
do nothing else. A good man on beds
and housings, give him a gang of five
men to help him and keep him at that
and similar work all the time. The
.same with cylinders, small valves,
parts, fittings, etc. Each man at what
he can do best with cheap help will cut
your average wage rate 15 cents per
hour.

Many of your men run big shops.
Have in them nothing but the group or
gang system with a mill gang, dimen-
sion gang, assembling gang, finishing
gang, and a varnishing gang.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

The Central Foundry will build an addition to
their foundry at Tort Hope.

Mackenzie & Mann will operate a smelter and
Iron works at Victoria, B.C.

The Northern Foundry & Machine Co. will
■erect a pipe foundry at Winnipeg.

The Western Sheet Metal Works. Vancouver,
■will build a $2,000 additions to their plant.

The St. Lawrence Car Works, Quebec, will erect
a plant in that city with a capacity of 600 cars
yearly.

The C T. Reineck Co. will build a $100,000
plant in East Calgary to manufacture stoves
and kitchen ranges.

The Lidgerwood Mfg. Co., New York, will erect
a plant for the manufacture of logging machin-
ery, at Lachine, P. Q.

The C.P.R. will remove their machine shops
from Wellington, B.C., to Vancouver island, as
soon as a location is secured.

The present premises of the Steel Wire Works
at Guelph are too small for their increasing
business, so they will extend.

Plans for the John Deere Plow Company's
building at Saskatoon are nearly completed.
Construction will begin March 1.

Brownell, Lindley & Co., Manchester, Eng..
manufacturers of engines, will establish a
branch of their business at Montreal.

The Canadian American Gas and Gasoline En-
gine Co., will erect a foundry and machine shop
at Dunnville, Ont., to cost $45,000.

The C.P.R. has purchased four hundred acres
adjoining Souris. Man., presumably for a shop
site to serve the southwestern lines.

Owing to increased business the International
Harvester Co. has decided to spend $100,000 in
making improvements to its plant at Hamilton.

Joseph E. Gamache and Victor Langelier have
been registered as machinists at St. Hya-
cinthe. Que., under the title of Gamache & Lan-
gelier.

A movement is on foot to move the West

Lome foundry at Glencoe. Ont.. to Rodney and

run it under a joint stock company capitalized
at $10,000.

The Goold, Shapley & Muir Co., Brantford,
have let the contract for their new machine
shop and erecting room which will be 180 x 132
leet.

Work is being commenced on the new C.P.R.

car repair shop being built to replace the one

destroyed by fire at Nelson, B.C. Estimated
cost, $3,500.

The Vulcan Iron Works, Winnipeg, has pur-
chased 20 acres adjoining the Dominion Bridge
Co.'s works for $60,000, in order to provide for
future extensions.

Additions will be built to the plants of the
Otis-Fcnsom Co., the London Machine & Tool
Co., and the Canadian Drawn Steel Co., all
located at Hamilton.

The Charlottetown Foundry & Machine Co.,
Oharlottetown. P.E.I., have sold their business
to Bruce Stewart & Co., and the latter com-
pany has been incorporated.

The Corbet Foundry & Machine Co., Owen
Sound, manufacturers of factory trucks, dry kiln

trucks, municipal steel bridges, intend enlarging
their plant this year by the erection of a new
machine shop.

Following a recent visit of the officers of the
Gananoque Spring & Axle Co. to their Chatham
plant, formerly the Dowsley Spring & Axle
Works, it is announced that a new office will be
erected and much new machinery installed, the
outlay amounting to probably $15,000.

An extension of the ornamental iron depart-
ment of the Canada Foundry, Toronto, is in
course of construction, which will cost about
$50,000 and increase the capacity of the depart-
ment by 25 to 30 per cent. It will be completed
in April when the present force of 225 men will
be increased to about 300.

The Kingston Shipbuilding Co.. which takes
over the Government dry dock, on April 15, is
making preparations to erect a large building for
shops. The structure will be 120 feet long, and
two storeys high, it is understood. All the
most modern machinery is being purchased, and
will he shipped there shortly.

John Millen & Son, Limited, Montreal, have
been appointed sole Canadian agents for the
Chisholm & Moore Manufacturing Company's line
of chain hoists and trolleys. The chief of these
is the "Cyclone" high speed hoist with self-
lubricating bearings. The other hoists include
both the screw and differential types.

Official announcement is made that a syndicate,
composed of E. R. Wood, Toronto. Clarence J.
McCuaig, Montreal, and R. Harmer, Toronto, have
concluded arrangements by which they secure
control in the Sawyer-Massey concern of Ha-
milton, one of the largest manufacturers of
threshing machines and .engines in Canada.

The first annual meeting of the shareholders
of the Brantford Steel Range Co. was held early
in February, when a careful survey of the year's
work was was made and everything found in a
satisfactory condition. It was decided to in-
crease the capital stock of the company and A.
L. McPherson was appointed secretary and gen-
eral manager. Mr. Stamford is being retained
as superintendent. The old board of directors
was re-elected as follow'S : President. John
Muir ; vice-president, L. W. Ryerson : treasurer
Geo. H. Wilks : Jos. H. Ham and W. R. K.
Stamford. -

The annual meeting of the James Pender Co.,
wire nail manufactuturers, was held on Feb. 2,
when the following officers and directors were
elected :— G. S. Fisher, president : II. R. Stur-
dee, secretary-treasurer. James Pender, manag-
ing director ; Joseph Findley, J. Fraser Gre-
gory and J. B. Purdy, additional directors. An
offer was made to the stockholders by Montreal
capitalists interested in the new Lake Superior
Milling Co.. at Fort William, to purchase the
stock of the company at $215 per share. The
par value of the shares is $100 and big divid-
ends have always been paid. An offer has also
been made to Mr. Pender to assume the man-
agement of the new company at Fort William
and the decision of the stockholders to sell their
holdings will depend largely on whether or not
Mr. Pender goes to Fort William, though even
in that case he would still be the real manager
of the St. John company, which would be the
maritime province branch of the other. Although
the stockholders are reticent about the offer, it
is understood that those who desire to buy are
offering 75 per cent, in bonds and 25 per cent, in
stock of the new company.

Municipal Undertakings.

Another reservoir has been recommended to be
built at Kamploops, B.C.

Edmunston. N.B., has agreed with the O.T.P.
to put in a waterworks system.

The New Westminster council will advertise for
new tenders for the city incinerator.

The civic officials of Fort Erie, Ont., favor the
construction of a waterworks, system.

The Hoard of Control at Hamilton awarded to
the London Brass Co. the contract for the brass
work for water mains at $3,000.

City Engineer Rust, of Toronto, in his estim-
ates for 1910 asks for $225,151 for new fire and
water mains.

Vancouver will this year add from 14 to 25
miles to its waterworks system. Mains will be
constructed on 40 streets.

J. Gait, consulting engineer, has reported ia
favor of a project to instal a gravity system
water supply at Edmonton.

For the repair of the Third Avenue sewer at
Vancouver $2,100 was set apart ; and $1,000 will
be expended in continuing' the sewer on York
Street.

City Engineer Ker, of Ottawa, has laid before
the Board of Control a drainage scheme, which
will take three years to complete, and will cost
$350,000.

Tenders are being called for by J. W. Trues-
dals, city clerk, of Saskatoon, Sask., for ma-
terials required for house sewer and writer
works service connections, etc.

Calgary water commissioners recommend that
a by-law for $242,000 be introduced and submit-
ted for a vote of the ratepayers for the con-
struction and extension of water mains in that
city during 1910.

The Hamilton Works Committee passed estim-
ates amounting to $356,000. Among other items
were : sewers, $11,150 ; waterworks expenses, $65.-
250 ; sewage disposal, $19,154 ; waterworks con-
struction. $94,000.

Structural Steel.

Strickland Bros, got the contract to erect a
foot bridge attachement to the C.N.R. bridge
at Saskatoon.

The Laurentian Construction & Engineering Co.
were awarded the contract for a bridge at
Ailanisville, Que.

The sub-structure for the Wolf Creek bridge at
Edmonton, will be ready for the steel early in
the spring. Chas May is the contractor.

The Dominion Bridge Co., Lachine, have been
awarded a contract for structural steel for power
racks and tail race bridge by the Canadian
Light & Power Co., of Montreal.

The Great Northern Railway have given orders
to their engineers to prepare plans for permanent
steel bridges over the railway cuts across Park
and Victoria drives at Vancouver.

City Engineer Rust, of Toronto, recommends a
Dew bridge at Turner's baths, Toronto Island,
to cost $9,268 : Dundas street bridge widening
$19,000 : Park Drive bridge. $5,000 ; and Weston
road bridge. $30,828.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Electrical Notes.

The St. George Electric Co., Sherbrooke. will
"build a new concrete dam and electric plant on
the Chaudiere river.

It is reported that the provincial government
will spend about $20,000 on the telephone plant
at Prince Albert.

Kenora will pay out $80,000 for a municipal
power site. The Hudson's Bay Co. receives $45.-
000 and the Keewatin Power Co., $35,000.

The Toronto Board of Control decided that
tin' City Engineer should build the electric pump
building at the high-level pumping station by
div labor.

A by-law to raise $77,000 for the erection and
development of a municipal power plant at Ren-
frew will be submitted to the ratepayers in the
near future.

The Revelstoke. B.C.. council have decided to
enter into a five-year contract to supply the C.
P.R. with power. A new power plant is being
installed by the municipality.

General manager Nichols, of the Canadian Gen-
eral Electric Co., states that between $250,000
and $750,000 will be spent on new buildings and
equipment at Toronto or Peterboro.

F. Barber & Son. of Meaford, are instating a
second set of water wheels at Croton for the
Delhi Light & Power Co. A new Canadian Gen-
eral Electric Generator is also being installed.

Contracts involving an expenditure of $53,000
have been awarded by the B.C. Electric Co. for
their first unit at Jordan River. The John Mc-
Dougall Caledonian Iron Works Co., Montreal,
have the contract.

An important extension to the N., St. C. &
T. Railway will be built this spring, when a
line will be constructed from Port Colborne to
Fort Erie and Bridgeburg. connecting Niagara-
on-the-Lake with Crystal Beach.

Railway Construction.

The Canadian Northern contemplate spending
$5,000,000 on terminals at Montreal.

The C.P.R. intend double-tracking their road
between Winnipeg and Portage la Prairie, a dis-
tance of 56 miles, this year. This will even-
tually be extended to Moose Jaw, a distance of
400 miles.

Wm. O'Brien and a syndicate of eastern pro-
moters will, this summer, construct a line of
railway which will open up the coal fields of
the Yallow Head Pass Coal and Coke Co.. west
of Edmonton.

The I.C.R. is calling for tenders for the con-
struction of a line of railway between Nelson
and Chatham,- N.B.. eight miles. Tenders are
also being called for the construction of a new
branch railway between Georges River and Syd-
ney Mines. C.B., a distance of nine miles.

A new company is being formed to control the
Moncton and Buctouche Railway, and the names
has been changed to the Buctouche Transport-
ation Co. This company has already . applied
for a Dominion charter to extend the road to
RichlbUCtO and to carry on a service between the
mainland and Prince Edward Island.

Now that the contract between the British
Columbia government and the Canadian North-
ern has been completed, ready for presentation
to the legislature, the announcement is made
that grading will commence very shortly. It is
the intention to rush work on this line so as
to have it completed to Vancouver in the least
possible time, and it will mean considerable
business for all lines. With the construction of
O.T.P, in the north and work proceeding on
the coast sections of the V.V. & E.. there is

much activity in railway building in British
Columbia.

The promoters of a new radial railway to run
between Toronto and Orillia are applying to the
Ontario Legislature for incorporation. The name
of the concern is the Monarch Company. The
proposed line parallels the Metropolitan as far
as Aurora, where it turns, passing through Hol-
land Landing, Bradford, Deerhurst, Churchill,
Stroud and Allandale. A number of branches
are proposed, one to western shore of Lake Sim-
coe in the summer, and another to Markham.
The capital is placed at $1,000,000 with bonds to
the amount of $2,500,000. The incorporators are :
W. II. Price, Chas. M. Garbey, .las. F. Coughlin,
N. R. Lindsay and Steffan F. Adalia. the latter
representing French capital.

Planing Mill News.

McDiarmid & Clark will erect a large sash and
door factory at Brandon.

A. Beaumont's sawmill, near Augustin. Que.,
was destroyed by fire recently.

The planing mill at Huntsville. Ont., which
was damaged by fire will be rebuilt at once.

The St. Anthony Lumber Co., Whitney. Ont.,
will erect a large furniture factory at that
place.

The Bay Chaleur Lumber Co.. Campbellton.
N.B.. will erect a new mill at Mission Point,
to replace the structure burned last season.

General Manufacturing News.

The Acme Brick Co., established last year at
Edmonton, finds its output increasing so rapidly
that extensions are now under way in prepar-
ation for the coming building season.

The Great West Saddlery Co.. Winnipeg, is
running almost night and day' in order to keep
up with western Canadian demands. E. F.
Hutchings, president of the company, stated that
as soon as the spring opens up his firm would
erect an additional factory across the street
from its present location. The structure will
cost in the neighborhood of $75,000. The com-
pany will also build a horse collar factory at
Calgary. Alta., which will cost about $5,000.
and will as well make additions to its whole-
sale warehouse at Calgary. Mr. Hutchings says
that the whole of the Winnipeg plant will be
run night and day during the coming year.

Building Operations.

The armory at Regina will be erected at a
cost of $100,000.

A $,76,000 station will be built by the C.P.R.
at 'Woodstock. N.B.

The Dominion Chair Co., will rebuild their
factory at Bass River, N.B.

Horn Bros., Lindsay, will erect a large ad-
dition to their woolen mills.

Barker and Johnson, of Edmonton, will erect
a new flour mill at Lloydminster. Sask.

Townsley & Son, Minneapolis, have seoured a
site at Brandon for a factory building.

The Northern Foundry and Machine Co., Win-
nipeg, will erect a $10,000 pipe foundry.

Work will be commenced at once on the en-
largement of the C.P.R. hotel at Vancouver.

The Toronto Bedding Co. will build a three-
storey addition to their factory at Toronto to
cost $21,000.

T. Pringle & Sons, Montreal, have awarded the
general contract for the erection of a plant for
the Shawinigan Cotton Co., to C. E. Deakin,
Montreal,

5^

The Canadian Asbestos Mfg. Co.. a large
American concern, is building a factory at La-
chine for the purpose of manufacturing fireproof
asbestos materials.

Superintendent Bishop, of Toronto's Board of
Education, has been asked to prepare plans for
the new Technical school there, of which the es-
timated cost is $500,000.

The Peter Whalcu property at Ottawa, has
been purchased by the Hugh ('arson. Ltd.,
as a site for the company's new factory, which
it is stated will be six storeys in height. Work

will be started at once.

As a result of a visit recently paid to East
Kootcnay. B.C., by Eduardo Rioudel, an emi-
nent financier of France, who is president of the
Canadian Metal Co.. which operates the Blue
Bell mine at Riondel. B.C.. an establishment for
the reduction of zinc ores into zinc oxide, a pro-
perty similar to white lead, used in the manu-
facture of paint may be built at Riondel.

New Companies.

Port Arthur Wagon Co., Port Arthur ; capital.
$750,000 : to manufacture conveyances, machines
and implements. Incorporators. J. R. L. Starr.
J. H. Spence and M. C. Cameron, Toronto.

The Fletcher Pulp & Lumber Co.. Sherbrooke ;
capital. $300,000 : to make lumber, wood pro-
ducts and pulp and paper. Incorporators, C. H.
Fletcher, R. A. Ewing and R. H. Fletcher, Sher-
brooke.

The Charles A. Marsh Co., Montreal ; capital.
$100,000 ; to operate cotton, woollen and textile
fabrics of every kind. Incorporators, R. O. Mc-
Murtry, F. G. Bush and H. W. Jackson, Mont-
real.

The Metal-Bound Box Co., Montreal ; capital.
$700,000 ; to manufacture and deal in all kinds
of boxes and furniture, etc. Incorporators, R.
C. McMichael. R. O. McMurtry, W. R. Shanks,
Montreal.

Sawyer-Massey Co.. Hamilton ; capital $7,000.-
000 ; to make steam, gasolene and oil engines,
locomotives, agricultural machinery, wagons, etc.
Incorporators. J. S. Lovell, Wm. Bain and Robt.
Gowans. Toronto.

The Wrought Iron Range Co.. Toronto : capi-
tal, $100,000 ; to manufacture and deal in all
kinds of wrought iron stoves and ranges. In-
corporators, J.. C. Holtby, A. W. Caldwell and
Thos. Reid, Toronto.

Rice, Green & Co.. Toronto ; capital. $40,000 ;
to manufacture and deal in electrical supplies,
fittings and machinery for the supply of light,
heat and power. Incorporators, A. R. Rice, G.
W. Close, and P. Soliague, Toronto.

The Regal Motor Car Co.. Walkerville : capital
$50,000 : to manufacture and deal in automobiles,
cycles, bicycles, motors, and carriages and con-
veyances of all ' kinds. Incorporators. J. E.
Lambert. F. Haines, C. R. Lambert. Detroit.

The B.C. Gazette gives notice of the incorpor-
ation of the following companies : B.C. Orna-
mental Iron & Fence Co.. capital $10,000 ; Frascr
River Brick & Tile Company, capital $50,000 :
and Vancouver Gypsum Co,, capital SdOO.OOO.

The Central Canada Power Co.. Montreal ;
Capital. $5,000,000 : to construct electric machin-
ery, appliances, devices, etc., and to operate
telegraph and telephone lines. Incorporators. J.
C. Hickson, S. B. Hammond. V. M. Drury,
Montreal.'

The Canadian Dart Co., Montreal., have been
incorporated with capital of $50,000 to build,
construct and equip public and private works,
sawmills, stone quarries, etc. The incorporators
are : W. Dart, F. II. Jefferson, and W. H. Brun-
ning. Montreal.

OPAL GLASS TILING

FOR WALLS OP

MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES

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In.tructions until competent, and placed In poaltlon
free. Also complete high jrade drawing outfit witli Bar.
man Silver set of Inatrumonta worth SI 3. 85 free tnla
month. Don't answer this unless you are ambit*ously
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Addreaa CHIEF DRAFTSMAN, Dlv. 2t
ENCINEERS EQUIPMENT CO. (INC.) CHICAGO, ILL.

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G. C. BREDIN, Sales Aden.

252 Dundas St.

London, Canada

Record Dials famished lor all machines.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Prince Rupert Coal Fields, Ltd., Montreal :
capital.. $5,000,000. to carry on colliery trade ;
to mine coal, and smelt and treat iron, steel,
tin and other metals : and to refine oil and
make powder, etc. Incorporators, M. Alexander,
D. B. Smith and T. D. Fillan, Montreal.

Hillerest Collieries. Ltd.. Montreal : capital.
%1, 000.000 : to mine coal, coke, supply natural
gas and oil, and to manufacture machinery, im-
plements, etc., used in connection with mining,
timber or lumber operations. Incorporators, J.
M. Mackie, A. H. B. MacKenzie, C. Meredith,
Montreal.

Superior Rolling Mills Co., Fort William ;
capital, $500,000 ; to mine, mill, smelt and re-
fine, gold, silver, copper, coal, iron and other
minerals, to make wire nails, steel rails, iron
bars, and refine oil. supply natural gas, etc.
Incorporators. G. H. .A. Montgomery, R. 0. Mc-
Murtry and F. G. Bush, Montreal.

Dominion Corrugated Steel Pipe Co., St.
Johns, Que. : capital, $20,000 : to make steel
pipes, culverts, metal sidings, agricultural ma-
chinery and to carry on a foundry business and
operate rolling mills. Incorporators, C. H.
Richardson, St. Johns ; H. Proctor. Wm. Wake-
field and A. C. Seller, Sandusky, Mich. : and
Geo. Donaldson, Topeka, Kan.

A bill to incorporate the Ottawa and Mont-
real Power Transmission Co., will be presented
to the House of Commons. Authority will be
sought to transmit power in the counties of
Wright and Pontiac, etc., and to Montreal.
Capitalization, $500,000. Incorporators, Cameron
Edwards, J. B. Fraser, R. G. Edwards and R.
Blackburn, all of Ottawa.

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Dies and Stampings.

Special Manufacturing

Contract Work.

If you want to get
an interesting little
magazine free, ask
for "THE SIL-
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THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.

899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.

Canadian Agent :

H. W. PETR1E, Front St. W., Toronto, Canada

YOUNG machinist or technical
graduate wanted to travel. Must
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No previous traveling experience
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BOX 101

Canadian Machinery

Toronto

Trade Notes.

The Canadian Inspection Co.. have removed
their Toronto offices from 31 Melinda St., to
the Stair Bldg./ cor. Adelaide and Bay Sts.

The Johns-Mannville Co., manufacturers of as-
bestos packing and other mill supplies, have
opened an agency in Vancouver, their represent-
ative being Mr. Tackabe.ry.

Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, have
supplied pumps recently to H. W. Ansley. Port
Dover ; C. A. Larken Lumber Co., Toronto ; S.
F. Bowser Co., Toronto ; Canadian Paper Co.,
Windsor Mills ; J. C. Mundell Co., Elora ; Shea's
Theatre, Toronto ; Kinleith Paper Co., St. Cath-
arines ; Zimmerman Mfg. Co., Hamilton ; To-
ronto Ferry Co., Toronto : Harris Abattoir
Co., Toronto; Page Herscy Co., Toronto; W.
Harris Co.. Toronto ; Delora Mining & Reduc-
tion Co., Delora ; Allan Shcemaker, Berlin ;
Hamilton Steel & Iron Co., Hamilton, and Mc-
Quay Tanning Co., Owen Sound. They have al-
so received an order for a 5-ton traveling crane
from the Manitoba Wind Mill & Pump Co.,
Brandon.

$40,000,000. The following were elected officers of
the association : T. F. Manville. president ; R-
V. Mattison, Jr.. vice-president ; R. P. Doucct,
secretary.

It is announced that the purposes of the asso-
ciation are the general exploitation of the uses-
of asbestos, particularly in the field of fireproof
construction, co-operation between consumer and
producer, cultivation of new markets, and de-
velopment of processes whereby the wastes in the
industry may be rendered commercially valuable.
The association will establish a bureau that will
be devoted to the aforementioned purposes.

One of the important factors in the associa-
tion is the so-called Canadian "Asbestos Trust"
—the Amalgamated Asbestos Corporation. — a.
combination of several of the most important
Quebec asbestos properties located at Black Lake
and Thetford, and which controls 80 per cent.
of the output of these districts. The greater
part of the world's supply of asbestos comes
from the Black Lake and Thetford districts.
Among the directors of the corporation arc Hugh
A. Allan, of the Allan Line Steamship Co., ex-
assistant Attorney-general James M. Beck, Har-
ry A. Berwind, of the Berwind-White Coal Min-
ing Co., Geo. D. Crabbs, of the Philip Carey
Mfg. Co., E. B. Greenshields, of Montreal, Rob-
ert Mackay, of the Canadian Pacific Railway,
H. H. Melville, of the Canadian-Northern-Quebec
Railway, R. V. Mattison, president of the Keas-
bey & Mattison Co., and H. E. Mitchell, of the
Philadelphia banking firm of Cramp, Mitchell &
Shober.

Asbestos is produced in Canada, Russia, the
United States, Cape Colony, and the island of
Cyprus. It is stated that the Canadian as!
supply is practically inexhaustible and that it is
the chief factor in the control of the asbestos
industry ol the United States and. in a marked
degree, of the world.

Thompson Bros., Liverpool, N.S.

Thompson Bros., machinist, Liverpool, N.S.,
have erected large additions to their plant.
Their new buildings are situated on the water-
front at Liverpool with both water and rail
shipping facilities. The machine shop consists of
a two-storey reinforced concrete structure, 61
feet long by 50 feet wide. The equipment con-
sists of a ten ton planer and one of smaller
capacity, five lathes, one shaper. one drill, one •
milling machine and one grinder. All these are
new and of latest design to use high speed
■totals.

The output consists of sawmill machinery and
pulp machinery, a large contract for pulp ma-
chinery for Clyde River being under construction.
Ship work is a specialty such as steering gear,
pumps, windlasses, capstans and steam winches.

The firm consists of W. J. Thompson and H.
Thompson. They began in a small way in 1891
and have succeeded in building up a fairly good
business. — D.W.

International Asbestos Association.

The International Asbestos Association was re-
cently organized at a meeting held in New York.
Its membership is composed of representatives
ol American and Canadian mine owners and
manufacturers. The interests at the meeting re-
presented between 80 per cent, and 90 per cent,
of the asbestos business in the United States
and Canada. Included in the association are
the largest producers and users of asbestos in
the United States and Canada, among them the
Amalgamated Asbestos Corporation. Limited,
KeaBbey & Mattison Co., Philip Carey Mfg. Co..
Asbestos Protected Metal Co.. Franklin Mfg.
Co.. H. W. Johns-Manville Co., Sail Mt. Asbes-
tos Mfg. Co., Ling Asbestos Co.. and the United
States Asbestos Co. The aggregate capitalization
of the concerns who are s^ far represented is over

Co

Disston Company Expanding.

Henry_ Disston & Sons. Philadelphia, Pa., have
recently opened branch houses in Seattle, Port-
land, and Vancouver, to better facilitate the
filling of orders and take care of the constantly
increasing trade. These branches will devote
their attention exclusively to the mill goods
business, such as inserted and solid tooth cir-
cular saws, handsaws, crosscut saws, cylinder
saws, mill saws, stave saws, saw tools.
machine knives, files, steel, etc. The Disston fac-
tory at Toronto, established only two or three
years ago, having become too small a new site
was secured on Frazer Avenue and the Grand
Trunk Railway, Toronto, upon which two new
buildings have been erected : one of two stories.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

250 x 60 ft., the other being one story, 170 x 55
teat) into which they recently removed. These
buildings have been equipped with the latest im-
proved machinery for the manufacturing of mill
goods such as circular saws, band, gang and
crosscut saws. In the new plant the machinery
will be motor driven in groups, the buildings
heated with an improved hot air apparatus,
driven by a fan and so arranged that the rooms
can be kept cool in summer as well as heated
in winter.

1910 Calendar.

F. Keddaway, 56 St. Francois Xavier, Mont-
real, manufacturers of Camel Brand cotton belt-
ing distributed a large office calendar printed in
two colors. An instalation of a belt outside is
a feature of the calendar.

Vancouver.

Large power propositions are being proceeded
with in the vicinity of Vancouver and Victoria.
The B.C. Electric Railway Co., which only late-
ly put into operation its most recently installed
unit at its Lake Runtzen plant on the mainland,
is now developing the power on the Jordan
River, to give more electrical energy for indus-
trial and lighting purposes in Victoria. The
Vancouver Island Tower Co. is a subsidiary or-
ganization and on Jan. 29th it let the contract
for a 10,000 h.p. Doble impulse waterwheel, direct-
ly connected to a 4.000 k.w. Allis-Chalmers-Bul-
Jock generator, running at 4,000 revolutions per
minute, to the John McDougall Caledonian Iron
Works Co. The contract also includes an excit-
ing generator directly connected to a water
wheel. The installation is to be completed by
October 1st. 1910. The plant at Jordan river
will be located on salt water, a pipe line 9,000
feet long being necessary.

Two-thirds of the electrical portion of the ma-
chinery for this plant is to be supplied by the
Canadian General Electric Co. It includes step
up and step down transformers, switchboards,
lighning arresters, etc.

On the mainland, the Western Canada Power
Co. is vigorously pushing development on Stave
river, 35 miles east of Vancouver, just north of
the main line of the C.P.R. After Montreal
capitalists sold out the Mexican Light and
Power Co. in Mexico to English capitalists, they
took up this proposition, which was formerly
handled under the name of the Stave Lake
Power Co. R. F. Hayward, who was with
the Mexican company, is the engineer in charge.
The plant to be installed immediately on Stave
river will have a capacity equal to that of the
B.C. Eki-tricity Railway Co. at Lake Buntzen,
the one beginning where the other is leaving off.
The Canadian General Electric Co., of Toronto,
will supply two generators of 16,000 k.w. normal
capacity and a 36,000 k.w. transformer, which
when in operation will produce about 30,000 h.p.
The waterwheels will be supplied by the Escher-
Wyss Co., of Switzerland, and the high tension
insulators by the Thomas Insulator Co. Other
contracts are yet to be let for the steel toweFS
and poles, switchboards, etc.

This company is making no bid for business
as yet, but it anticipates little trouble in securing
a market for its power once it is available. The
present supply of power in New Westminster,
Vancouver and surrounding districts is not any
more than the demand, so there should be room
for another company.

In addition to these projects, the Powell River
Paper Co. has started operations for the de-
velopment of 25,000 h.p. on Powell river. It is
proposed to manufacture both paper and pulp
there, and it will take two years to put in the
requisite machinery. Powell river is located
about 100 miles north of .Vancouver on the main-
land of British Columbia.

I NFORMATION

about every conceivable subject finds its way into the newspapers. The function of
THE CANADIAN PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU is to collect ALL the items of
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61

CANADIAN MACHINERY

"GUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Our 1910 Catalogue of Lathe
and Drill Chucks is now ready
for distribution. The book gives
full description, prices, etc , of
the many styles and sizes we
manufacture.

We are pleased to send it free to
anyone interested.

The Gushman Ghuck Co.

Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.

Established 1862

We have confidence

—such unbounded confidence in our

IMPERIAL CHUCK

and are so satisfied that no test is
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30 days' Free Trial

Test it a.iy way you can think of,
use it every day, and if it does not
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KER ®. GOODWIN

BRANTFORD, - - CANADA

CATALOGUES.

HYDRAULIC VALVES AND FITTINGS-is the
title of a 120 page illustrated catalogue just is-
sued by the Watson-Stillman Co.. 50 Church St..
Now York. Its pages list a great many types
and combinations of hydraulic valves and fit-
tings. Almost every page contains some hint or
advice as to the best piping arrangements, what
types or combinations of valves are best suited
to certain work, how the valves arrangement
may operate a number of cylinders or machines
automatically, etc. Any engineer will find this
book handy when figuring on new hydraulic in-
stallations or making changes on old ones. This
book will be sent free to any one requesting
catalogue No. 78.

SAFETY CUTTER HEAD— J. A. Fay & Egan
Co.. 362-382 w. Front St.. Cincinnati. Ohio, have
issued a new catalogue No. 31 which fully de-
scribes and illustrates their new Safety Circular
Cutter-Head. This machine is described in this
issue. Copies of the catalogue may be obtained
by writing the J. A. Fay & Egan Co.

VERTICAL BORING MILLS.— Gisholt Machine
Company, Madison, Wis., Bulletin. Describes the
friction headstock and the lever control of the
Gisholt vertical boring mills. The special fea-
ture of this device is that the driving mechanism
of the table is entirely self-contained in a separ-
ate casing, which enables the whole drive to be
removed in a short space of time if necessary.

TURBINES.— Kerr Turbine Co., Wellsville,
N. Y., have just issued two new bulletins. No.
9, "Turbo-Blower Units," and No. 10. "Steam
Turbine Generators, Steam Turbine Centrifugal
Pumps." The first bulletin illustrates practical
outfits for forced and induced draft, gas works
service and for furnishing blast for cupolas. The
other bulletin includes generating sets for elec-
tric power and lighting, and pumping units for
boiler feeding, fire service, water supply, circu-
lating condenser water, draining pumps, and for
other service where water must be delivered at
moderate or high pressure or against consider-
able head. Both of these bulletins contain in-
teresting descriptive matter about the construc-
tion and operation of Kerr Steam Turbines. The
comparisons between turbine and reciprocating
engines can profitably be read by all who are in
charge of or operate steam power plants. Bulle-
tins will be mailed upon request.

D. C. MOTORS -Phoenix Dynamo Mfg. Co..
Bradford, Eng., have issued a bulletin of 40
pages on coated paper giving illustrated de-
scriptions of constant and variable speed mo-
tors. These are protected, enclosed, ventilated or
rainproof type. Full information in regard to
size, price, etc., is included in the catalogue.
Catalogue

ELEVATOR CONTROLLERS— In a 128 page
booklet just issued by the Cutler-Hammer Mfg.
Co., of Milwaukee, the subject of the control of
electrically operated elevators is very fully cov-
ered. The first section of the booklet contains
illustrated descriptions of full magnet and s< mi-
magnet direct current controllers for ilLrh speed,
moderate speed and slow speed passenger and
freight elevators, together with descriptions of
sidewalk lift controllers, reversible and non-re-
versible controllers for belt driven freight ele-
vators, and mechanically operated controllers
for use where current conditions are extremely
variable. Illustrations and descriptions are al-
so given of such necessary elevator accessories
as brake magnets, car switches, limit switches,
etc. The second section of the booklet is devot-
ed to similar controllers for use on alternating
current circuits and the concluding pages con-
tain tables of useful information, including sug-
gestions regarding the proper type of motor to
use in each case.

FURNACES— A neatly printed booklet issued
"by the Murphy Iron Works, Detroit, Mich., il-

62

lustrates a large number of instalations and ap-
plications of the Murphy furnace. This is issued
as a supplement to their complete descriptive
catalogue.

BOOK REVIEWS.

ADVERTISING AND ITS SERVICE— In a
pamphlet entitled "Advertising and Its Ser-
vice," the Geo. H. Gibson Co., has reprinted
from the New York Evening Post, an article
discussing the economic theory of advertising,
especially as regardB the engineering and me-
chanical industries. It is shown that, contrary
to current academic opinion, properly directed
advertising reduces the cost of distribution of
goods by providing the salesmen with a greater
number of Belling opportunities in a given ter-
ritory and in a given time. It performs the pre-
liminary, but necessary work of informing and
educating the prospective user as to the nature,
possibilities and profitableness of improved ma-
chinery, thereby hastening its adoption. Greater
sales, brought about through advertising, usually
make possible cheaper production, thereby bene-
fiting the community as a whole, while compe-
titive advertising, which seems to be the espe-
cial bugaboo of socialistic writers, is also a
benefit insomuch as it stimulates to improve-
ments in the design of apparatus, and adver-
tising is necessary in order that such improve-
ments may meet with a prompt and adequate
reward. A secondary benefit is derived from the
fact that a consistent policy of advertising les-
sens the capital risk when new enterprises are
undertaken and insures permanency to a busi-
ness. In other words, advertising does not be-
come an added burden on the consumer. Copies
of this pamphlet may be had from the Geo. H.
• Gibson Co.. Advertising Engineers, Tribune
Building, New York City.

METAL STATISTICS— The American Metal
Market Co., New York, have published a little
hook, 1910 Metal Statistics, which is a mine of
information regarding metals, their prices, pro-
duction, etc., during the past decade. The pre-
sent edition embraces a number of new features
and the old ones have been more or less im-
proved. The iron and steel section has been en-
larged, and improvement is noted in the tables
devoted to iron ore, pig iron and iron and steel
products generally. The other metals are dealt
with very fully, but in a concise form. The book
of statistics is worthy a prominent place in the
reference file.

GAS. GASOLINE AND OIL ENGINES.— By
Gardner D. Hiscox. M.E. Size. 6 x 94 in. ;
pages, 484 : illustrations, 410. Bound in
cloth. Price, $2.50 net. Published by the
Norman W. Henley Publishing Company. 132
Nassau Street, New York City.

The eighteenth edition of this practical work
treats of the entire field of the explosive mo-
tor and its applications. This new edition has
been revised and enlarged to bring it up to
date by adding material that represents the lat-
est standards of construction and operation of
this type of motor and the production and uses
of producer, suction blast furnace and coke oven
gases. These gases are now coming to the front
as sources of the economical development ol
power on a large scale and are being used more
and more extensively each succeeding year.

Crude petroleum, which has an increasing
sphere of usefulness as the cheapest power fuel
where the erection of gas plants is not conve-
nient, comes in for a share of attention and the
methods of converting it into power fuel are il-
lustrated and described.

The rules of the National Board of Fire Un-
derwritesr regarding the installation and man-
agement of gasoline motors and the location and
management of producer gas plants, with the

CANADIAN MACHINERY

special rules of the New York Board for gas-
oline engines installed in that city are given in
full.

In the application of gas and gasoline engines
to marine use a number of changes have been
made during the last two years and are includ-
ed in the book. Some of these have been in the
nature of improved patterns of existing types,
while others were entirely new designs. For
farm and suburban use the internal combustion
engine has almost entirely superseded the wind-
mill, and it is being employed very extensively
to drive portable machinery in place of the elec-
tric motor.

A list of patents issued by the United States
Patent Office covering gas, gasoline and oil en-
gines and their accessories from 1875 to October.
1909. is also included in the book.

FUEL TESTS WITH HOUSE-HEATING
BOILERS— By J. M. Snodgrass, is issued by
the Engineering Experiment Station of the Uni-
versity of Illinois as Bulletin No. 31. It reports
130 tests of anthracite, Pocahontas coal, coke
and Illinois coal made in connection with two
types of house-heating boilers. Copies may be
obtained gratis upon application to W. F. M.
(Joss. Director of the Engineering Experiment
Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.

THE OCCLUDED GASES IN COAL.— By S.
W. Parr and Perry Barker, issued as Bulletin 32
of the Engineering Experiment Station of the
University of Illinois, is essentially a study of
the behavior of coal towards the atmosphere.
The avidity of coal for oxygen is made evident,
and the results of the entire work bear directly
upon the matter of weathering and of sponta-
neous combustion. Copies of bulletin No. 32
may be obtained gratis upon application to W.
F. M. Goss, Director of the Engineering Exper-
iment Station, University of Illinois, Urbana,
Illinois.

TESTS OF TUNGSTEN LAMPS.— By T. H-
Amrine and A. Guell, issued as Bulletin No. 33
of the Engineering Experiment Station of the
University of Illinois. It reports a series of
tests upon tungsten lamps of the 25-watt size,
with filaments made by the paste, colloid and
deposition processes. Copies of Bulletin No. 33
may be obtained gratis upon application to W.
F. M. Goss. Director of the Engineering Exper-
iment Station. University of Illinois, Urbana,
Illinois.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL

Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

Subscribers will confer a favor on us by
notifying us in case they are not receiving
their paper regularly, or if the\ find they
have missed one or mora issues. We send
out thousands of copies each month, and
it is only natural to suppose that a few
copies will go astray in the mails, even
though every precaution is taken by us to
avoid this.

We should also be notified at once of
any changn of address, giving both old and
new addresses.

The Skinner Chuck Co.. New Britain. Conn.,
gave a dinner to their employes on Dec. 28. The
menu cards were very artistic and contained a
litho ot D. N. Camp, president. Sec'y E. J.

The Art of Welding Metals

The use of the Oxy-acetylcno blow-pipe in welding has greatly ex-
tended the field in this class of work.

Simple or complicated fractures and breaks in all kinds of machinery may
be repaired and made almost equal to new in strength and appearance ; the
broken edges of iron, steel, aluminum and other metals are melted together
with the addition of more metal under a temperature of 6,000 to 7,000 degrees"
Fahrenheit.

This plan is much superior to brazing or riveting and may be used for an
infinite variety of new and repair work hitherto done by less efficient methods.

We have installed a plant for the purpose of welding by this process, and
shall be glad to send particulars and quote prices.

Enquiries and correspondence solicited.

CHAS. POTTER,
85 YONGB ST., TORONTO

THIS SENSITIVE BENCH DRILL

WILL PROVE A MONEY-SAVER IN YOUR SHOP

It is the handiest bench drill on the market for rapid
drilling up to 5-16 of an inch. The spindle has two
speeds and is driven by a one-inch flat belt. It is en-
tirely relieved of belt strain; is counterbalanced by a
weight inside of the frame, and is provided with the
means for taking up wear.

This machine will last a long time and stand a lot of
wear, as only the highest grade material is used in its
construction.

A Postal will bring Prices and Circular.

0, MCKENZIE, 19 Nottingham Street, 6UELPH, Ont.

KELLOGG & CO.

MACHINERY MERCHANTS

196 KING STREET WEST, TORONTO

CANADIAN AGENIS:

The G. A. Gray Co. Planers.

Schumacher & Boye. Lathes.

The Cincinnati Lathe & Tool Co. 16" Lathes.

The King Machine Tool Co. Boring Mills.

The Oesterlein Milling Machine Co. Milling Machines and Cutter

Grinders.
The Western Machine Tool Works. Radial Drills.
The Barnes Drill Co. 20" Drills, 12"-22" Gap Lathes.
The Cook Motor Co. Stationary Gas and Gasoline Engines.
Francis Reed & Co. Sensitive Drills.

Inquiries for new or special machinery will receive our prompt attention.

63

CANADIAN MACHINERY

PACKING FOR VALVES.

Frothingham & Workman, Montreal,
have been appointed agents for the
Federal Metallic Packing Company,
Boston, who manufacture a number of
packing lines. The Pactite brand, made
from the finest alloy of Antifriction
metal, is the most serviceable, and is
used for packing of all kinds of sta-
tionary joints, valves, etc. It is flexi-
ble, compressible and lubricated, stands
any degree of temperature or pressure
and does not injure a rod of any kind.
The method of fibering metal to be
woven into a packing was originated by
the Federal Metallic Packing Company.
The construction of the various pack-
ings of the company gives the impres-
sion that all are alike, and yet this is
only true in appearance as there are
many different cores and inside binders
which are always effective in the stuff-
ing boxes for which they are intended.

M

MACHINISTS, ATTENTION!

ACHINIST'S TOOL-CASE FREE to one man in
every shop. Address, with stamp, O. BURCH,
Grand Ripids. Mich. 13)

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.

A PARTY holding a large interest in a well-estab-
lished prosperous machinery manufacturing com-
pany on the Pacific coast, wi hes to dispose of
part of his holdings to meet personal obligations. Can
arrange if necessary for purchaser wi'h proper quali-
fications to take an active part in the management.
This is a splendid opportunity and investment for any-
one wishing to get a start in a good, steady, legitimate,
profitable business, in a young, growing country. Ap-
plicants who mean business, must haveat I east $20,000,
are invited to investigate. Write Box 102, CANA-
DIAN MACHINERY, Toronto. (4)

STEAM PLANTS IN SILVER MINES.

The extent of mining development go-
ing on in the new silver camps of north-
ern Ontario is set forth in a table just
published, showing the new steam plants
in operation, their locality and capacity.
The list as published is as follows: —

Compressor

Capacity

Cubic feet

Boilers free air

H.P. per min.

Elk Lake District.

Hibble Property 95 410

Diahase Mining Co 30 —

Gavin Hamilton 8(T~ 410

Bix Six 100 410

Cummings 100 330

Kile Lake Discovery 110 585

Moose Horn 120 330

Elk Lake Cobalt 100 585

Toledo Silver 60 330

Otisse 160 825

North American 30

Silver Lake 20

Otisse Currie 90 825

Big Six 80 823

Blackburn 120 660

Bonsail 100 330

Bartlett 160 1160

Boyd Gordon 100 585

While the list is the most complete yet
published, it does not include steam
plants on the Reeve-Dobie and Mann at
Gowganda, and the Silver Tunnel at Sil-
ver Lake. At Maple Mountain the White
Syndicate have a plant in operation. In
the Anima-Nipissing belt, west of Latch-
ford, a Buffalo syndicate has a steam
plant at work. Several mines in South
Lorain, including the Keeley and Wet-
lauffer, have steam plants and compres-
sors.

The impressive fact is that hundreds
of thousands of dollars are being invest-
ed in mining development, that thou-
sands of men are finding steady work at
good wages, and that men who are spend-
ing their time and money have found that
their industry will be rewarded.

BRASS CASTINGS

OF ALL SIZES AND KINDS

LUMEN BEARING COMPANY

BUFFALO TORONTO

—/(/FKtN

MACHINE DIVIDED STEEL RULES with Readable Graduations

Every 64th numbered. Easy and sure in reading. Best of material. Finest of workmanship. Accuracy guaranteed.
Send for catalogue.
Sold by all prominent hardware and supply dealers

THE LUFKTN RULE CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.

WINDSOR, ONT.

64
O6 24 32 40 48 56

1 ! LAJFK1N RU1

-*■ . EajBawMk*

Tempered

• 8 16 24 32 40 48 56

8 IS 24 32 40 48!

8 16 2432404656

The Modern Machinist

By J. T. Usher

A comprehensive treatise written in a practical, up-to-
date manner describing the most approved methods of
modern machine shop practice, including processes and
aDpliances used for cutting, shaping, fitting, erecting and
finishing metal work on the different machines. It con-
tains information of Great Value to all Machinists, Appren-
tice*, Etc.

257 New Engravings. 322 Pages.

Price $2.50 Postpaid.

MacLean Publishing Company,

Technical Book Dept.

1 0 Front Street East, Toronto

Telegraphic Address
"HALLTYNE"

WORKS

Phone Main 256

THE HALL ENGINEERING WORKS

14 TO 16 JURORS STREET, MONTREAL

ENGINEERS, BOILERMAKERS, BRASS & IRON FOUNDERS,
COPPER SMITHS & BLACKSMITHS, SHIP REPAIRS A SPECIALTY

Agents for J. & E. Hall's Refrigerating Machinery.

Atlas Preservative Co. & United Asbestos Co.

W. H. Allen, Son & Co., Ltd.

ENGLAND

THOMAS HALL

Phone Wesi 1737

Late Sapt. Enzineer Messrs. Elder
Dempster & Co. 6* Can. Pac. Rly. Co.t London

64

A Speed Variation of 1 8 to 1 on Motor Driven Planer

The Lancashire Dynamo and Motor Co. Have Recently Introduced an Elec-
trical Drive, giving Remarkable Speed Variation of 1 8 to 1 — The Accuracy
Obtainable in Reversal by this System is fully Described and Illustrated.

The electrical driving of planing ma-
chines is a matter that has had a good
deal of attention in an endeavor to
eliminate the defects of mechanical re-
versing gear.

The objects to be obtained are : (1)
Simplicity and reliability ; (2) Some
method of recovering the energy im-
parted to the table, particularly during
the return stroke ; (3) A large range
of speed ; (4) A method applicable to
both direct and alternating systems.

A Unique Method.

In the following system known as the
"Lancashire" system, these results are
obtained in a very high degree, and the
system provides an extremely flexible
drive for this class of machine. The
shaft that operates either the screw or
the rack of the planer is connected
direct to a motor, the motor itself re-
versing at the end of each stroke. This
motor has its direction of rotation con-
troled by a small high-speed motor gen-
erator set the motor of which is
driven off the mains, by either alternat-
ing or direct current.

The armature circuit of the planer
motor is not broken at all, the rever-
sals being effected by reversing the pol-
arity of the generator of the motor
generator set, which, is done by revers-
ing the field connections. This means
that the reversing switch instead of
dealing with the full current required
to drive the planer only deals with a
few amperes, and the switch therefor
can be made very light and yet strong.
The whole of the mechanism for revers-
ing i= merely a two pole two-way
switch actuated by the stops on the
table. The makers claim that this
method of reversal eliminates the rath-
er expensive controller renewals gen-
erally required with systems in which
the armature current is reversed. A
separate small switch is provided tc
stop and start the planer, or in the
case of large tools, two are provided
one on each side of the machine.
18 to 1 Speed Variation.

The range of speed is really only
limited by the maximum speed at
which a table can be returned. As this
is usually about 180 or 200 feet per
min., the usual range of speed supplied
is 18-1, that is, with a planer that re-
turns at 180 feet per minute, there are
provided about 30 steps on the cutting
stroke the lowest being ten ft. per min.
and the highest 180. These very low

speeds are very useful in setting large
jobs and in taking rough cuts off cast-
ings with scale on them.

The motor works at rather less effi-
ciency at the lower speeds, but as the
control is not by armature resistance
the loss is not material. Two of the
cuts show a 18 ft. x 6 ft. x 6 ft. planer
which, with a total load of eleven tons,
is provided with a cutting speed of
from 5-180 feet per minute and a return
speed of 180 feet.

Conservation of Energy.

One of the great features of the sys-
tem is that the energy imparted to th

of the motor generator set, to be used
again to accelerate the table quickly
without drawing an excess of current
from the line.

The power curve of a planer equipped
with the system is shown herewith,
Pig. 3, and this shows clearly the cur-
rent returned to the line, and the ab-
sence of a large peak, during the accel-
erating period, notwithstanding the
high speed that the planer was run at.
Planing to a Line.

This method of storing the energy has

also the advantage that it causes the

e table to stop at exactly the same spot

laning Machine Equipped With {..nncashire Electric DrWe.

table during acceleration is not lost in
heating belts, clutches or resistances,
but is partly returned to the mains,
(the motor acting as a generator) and
is partly stored up by raising the speed
2J

every time, owing to the fact that the
braking effort is always constant, and
is not dependent on any mechanical
contrivance that may vary in strength
through damp or heating. A photo-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

graph of the cuts made in a block by
two planers is here shown. Fig. 4
shows the cuts made by a modern belt
driven planer, cutting at 54 feet per
minute and returning at 150 feet. Fig.
5 shows the cuts made by a larger
planer converted to the electrical drive
when cutting at 60 feet and returning
at 180 feet. In the latter case the
planer table comes true to the same
mark at the end of every stroke.

Adaptability.

The system is very easy to adapt to
existing planers, and the smoothness of
the reversal enables the speeds to be

pull up in about eight inches, even when
running at 180 feet per minute, and
with a table load of ten tons.

The originators and makers of this
gear are the Lancashire Dynamo and
Motor Co., Ltd., 152-154 Bay Street,
Toronto. They do not make planing
machines, but supply all the electrical
gear for the drive.

DRY VERSUS WET TOOL GRIND-
ING.

Users of tool grinders are leaning to-
ward dry grinding for the general pur-
poses of the machine shop, not because

Fig. 2 — The " Lancashire'* Drive, showing Table Control.

materially increased, and with the large
speed variation given one can always
have the machine cutting just as fast
as each job will stand, as of course to
alter the speed is only a matter of
turning the speed regulator to the speed
required. As the motion of the revers-
ing switch is a simple to and fro mo-
tion, and the speed of the movement is
immaterial, it is adaptable to any ex-
isting belt shifter.

Foolproof.

The makers state that, provided the
table has stops on it, it is absolutely
impossible to cause the table to rur.
off, under any circumstances, short of ;
breakage. If the supply of current fails.
the planer runs until the energy in the
moving parts is expended, but if the
supply fails when the motor is just on
the point of reversal, the motor still
reverses. This is a very important
point, as with some drives, if the power
fails, the motor will not reverse, but
allows the table to run off. If any of
the contacts in the reversing switch
failed to make contact the table will

the results are better, but because with
the wet process the average workman
places altogether too much reliance
upon the cooling influence of the water.

necessarily be taken. Of courst, in
works where much of the tool snarpen-
ing is done by the toolroom, experts
are employed, and the wet grinding is
often preferred, for obvious reasons.

Fig. 4.— Block Planed on Planer Before Equipped
With Lancashire Drive.

A series of tests made in the course
of research into the characteristics of
the high-speed steels developed the fact
that the failure of tools made of such
a steel to accomplish a good finish on

Fik- 5. — Block Planed With Lancashire Drive.

work is due to unskilful grinding. Even
under a copious stream of cold water
the tool becomes red at the surface. So
great a degree of heat cannot be diffus-
ed rapidly enough, and inner stresses
occur. The fineness of the cutting edge
quickly breaks down under use. The
tool loses nothing in its capacity for
roughing, but it lacks the edge requisite
for a finishing chip. A remedy is to

Cutting Speed " 80 tt. per m'n.
Return Speed = 160 tt. per m n.

2 - i' x A cut*
(mild steel)

Fig. 3. — Power Curve of Electric Drive on the Lancashire System.

He presumes that the cooling agent is
able to carry away the heat generated
by the contact of the steel and wheel,
no matter how severe that contact may
be, and the ruin of the tool may result.
With dry grinding greater care must
•0

grind the tool hot. In the tests alluded
to an extreme fineness of work was pro-
cured by this process, and equally good
results were obtained when sufficient
care was taken in grinding cold. — Iron
Age.

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A Group of Grand Trunk Railway Apprentice! In the Montreal Shops.

How the G.T.R. has Solved the Apprenticeship Question

Canadian Railroads are in Need of Trained Mechanics ; to Supply the
Demand they have Successfully Devised and Carried out a System for
Training Good Mechanics — This Article deals with the G.T.R. System.

With the idea of training intelligent
mechanics, the Grand Trunk Railway
several years ago started a class for its
apprentice boys, who were eager to
learn ; commenced to teach subjects
which at once aroused interest among
the boys, bearing as it did on the
every-day needs of mechanics. In a sur-
prisingly short time, the desire for
knowledge being whetted, it was found
necessary to increase the scope of the
teaching, as the apprentice boy of the
day saw within his grasp the very high-
est position of responsibility in the
management and operation of the road.
He realized that here was an opportun-
ity to obtain an education little short
of a college course, with a minimum
exertion on his part and at the same
time be independent and self-supporting.

From the commencement on a small
scale, the system has grown until at
the present time these technical schools
are spread at all Important centres
throughout the entire Grand Trunk Sys-
tem and hundreds of scholars are en-
rolled, whilst every large railway sys-
tem of this continent boasts several
graduates af the G. T. training schools
as their chief mechanical engineers, and
more than one of our largest industrial

concerns have graduates as their chiel
draughtsmen.

The subjects taught are graded to
suit the student's ability and in dozens
of cases boys who left school when in
the second book can now do problems
which would tax the powers oE a High
School graduate to the utmost.

The subjects taught comprise every-
thing from simple arithmetic to higher
mathematics, mechanics, machine de-
sign and mechanical drawing, and so
well has the course been graded that
numerous requests from mechanics' in-
stitutes and even our largest technical
colleges have been received for com-
plete sets of instruction books.

The entire cost of education at these
training schools is borne by the Grand
Trunk System, who furnish all the
equipments and engage the instructors,
who must themselves have had a thor-
ough technical and practical training,
so as to enable them to anticipate the
needs of the apprentices.

The appreciation of individual promo-
tions forms one of the strongest fea-
tures in the system and serves to keep
alive the keenest interest in the classes,
as the boys realize that as soon as they
arrive at a certain standard of excel-

3i

lence, increased pay is their reward, and
many of our foremost students of poli-
tical economy, see in this system, as it
is being carried out, the future supply
of skilled mechanics, master mechanics,
superintendents, etc., being carefully
husbanded, and an effective solution to
labor problem, namely, the prompt re-
cognition of individual merit.
Night Classes in Drawing and Mechanics.

For two evenings per week during the
fall and winter months he must attend
mechanical drawing classes, study of
practical mechanics and elementary
electricity, the most competent instruc-
tors procurable being provided. On the
staff are two graduates of American
and Canadian engineering colleges, Pur-
due and McGili. The work in the draw-
ing class is outlined in a special text
book written by the company's Chief
- Draughtsman at Montreal, who is also
the author of the book used on practi-
cal mechanics.

During the term frequent examina-
tions are held, and the points gained
by each boy are posted so that they
may all keep advised as to just what
progress they are making, and thereby
be able to brush up the weak spots
that the examinations have disclosed.

C A N A D I A N MACHINERY

The master mechanic is constantly in
touch with each boy's progress anil
standing, and if necessary he frequently
calls a boy up, and in a kindly manner
points out to him the necessity of ap-
plying himself more consistently to
bring his rating up to the required
standard.

Prizes for Best Work.

The annual competitive examination
is always conducted by the company's

been adopted by the Grand Trunk Rail-
way System has been in successful op-
eration for a number of years and has
been the means of supplying that com-
pany with skilled mechanics in the most
satisfactory manner. All apprentices are
indentured to machinist's trade for
five years, and to blacksmith's, boiler-
maker's, or other trades for four years.
Five cents per. day is deducted from
the wages of each apprentice, and the

chief draughtsman from Montreal, andtotal amount is returned to him at the

G. T. R. Apprentices at Work on a Rebuilt Locomotive in Stratford Shops.

has just been completed at all the large
shops along the system. Prizes are
awarded to the apprentices obtaining the
highest average in their respective
years. These prizes amount to $40.00
for each shop, and are distributed over
the different years of apprenticeship,
thus : the apprentice obtaining the high-
est average for his first year in mechan-
ical drawing gets $4.00, and the one
-obtaining the highest in practical me-
chanics gets $4 also. Therefore, it is
quite possible for one apprentice to ob-
tain both prizes. A keen interest is
taken in this examination, which takes
the form of a contest between the var-
ious shops.

In addition to the prizes as stated
above there is a capital prize offered of
$25 for each subject. This is competed
for by the apprentices obtaining the
highest averages in drawing and prac-
tical mechanics at their respective sta-
tions. These apprentices are given a
trip to some point on the system where
the final examinations are held, and the
one receiving the highest number of
points in each subject receives the
amount stated. This, in addition to
what he has already received at his
station, will make a tatal of $29, $33
or $58, if he has been successful in all
subjects.

The form of apprenticeship which has

expiration of his apprenticeship with
an addition of $25 as a bonus if ser-
vices have been entirely satisfactory.
The first requisite in employing an

to the master mechanic or the general
foreman, and to be not under 15 or over
18 years of age. He is required to un-
dergo a medical examination so as to
assure the head of the department that
he is healthy and likely to be able to
follow up the trade after he has com-
pleted the term of apprenticeship.
Making Apprentices Think.

Each year the apprentice must pass
examinations, his whole training being
with the object of making him think.
His course through the various shops
last five years. He is provided with in-
struction books and must pass his ex-
amination on these before entering the
machine shop. The questions asked
deal with drill speeds for various work,
jigs, belts, etc.

An apprentice is required to seve five
years at the following rates : 8c, 10c,
12c, 15c and 17c per hour. Before he is
granted each years' advance he is re-
quired to pass a written examination
on shop work, also make a drawing of
some detail part of a locomotive, as
specified in the apprenticeship book,
which examination and drawing must
have the approval of the master mech-
anic, and the supterintendent of motive
power before his advance is allowed.
All Round Competency Secured.

The above system insures thorough
education in all details of the trade,
and while some of the work may be
specialized it is not done by the appren-
tice until he becomes a journeyman.
For instance, the apprentice comes from
the boiler shop to the machine shop,
from the machine shop to motion bench,
to the side rod bench, to the axlebox

G. T. R. Apprentices at Work in the Montreal Shops.

apprentice is to know that he is moral-
ly, physically and mentally capable of
filling the requirements of a mechanic.
To ascertain this the apprentice is re-
quired to make his application direct

gang, to the steam pipe gang, to the
valve gang, and finally to the erecting
gang, so that after an apprentice is out
of his time he is a specialist in any one
of these branch ei.

Efficient Methods Followed in Shops to, Reduce Costs

These Tried Out Plans are Reproduced from Factory, and'Give Practical
Ideas for Saving the Time of Valuable Workmen, Reducing* Labor, etc.
Qyestion of Spoiled Work as Solved in Certain Factories is also Given.

The methods here given are not com-
plicated systems of red tape. They
are schemes that have been devised and
tried out with great success. In pre-
sent day competition schemes and
short cuts assist a great deal in pro-
ducing more for a dollar expended than
would otherwise be possible. For any
manager who is trying to get more
out of his factory these examples of
what other men have accomplished in
the machine shop should be of special

interest.

* * *

Locating the Foreman.
By R. M. Graham.

When the head of a department leaves
his desk at the Browne & Sharpe Com-
pany's factory, he sets the indicator,
Fig. 1, so that if he is wanted he can
be quickly located by telephone.

The construction of this little indi-
cator is clearly shown. The metal
markers at the sides of the frame slide
vertically on a thin metal strip so
that they can be quickly set. The
building numbers are printed in large
figures and the telephone numbers for
each department make it convenient to

call the man.

* * *

Saving Babbitt Metal.
By H. S. Mitchell.

A gasoline engine factory used a high
grade babbitt metal on the crank shaft
bearings of its product. This babbitt
was purchased in two pound cakes, and
the form was such that it fit the aver
age man's hand to perfection.

During the last money stringency the
plant shut down for a few days for an
inventory. While checking the machining
and assembling departments the mana-
ger found that these cakes of babbitt
were in use all over the shop, as ham-
mers. No check had been kept on the
babbitters, so every one had been free
to help himself. As no one bothered
about returning the battered chunks,
most of the machines had several cakes
lying on their tool stands.

The manager gathered up all the bab-
bitt and returned it to the stores de-
partment. He had the tailings render-
ed from the babbitt fires and mixed in
some lead. The firm purchased a bab-
bitt hammer die and the cost clerk
found some waste ends of tubing in the
rough stores warehouse, that were just
right for handles.

A babbiter was put at work mold-
ing hammers, and these were given out

on tool-checks, when the factory re-
sumed operations. The money involved
in the extra babbitt was not saved, be-
cause the material was available if de-
sired, but the money was released, at a
time when needed.

* * *

Economy From Using Right Machine.

By C. M. Muruhy.

In a western shop, all the sheet metal
from 1-32 inch up to 3-4 inch was for-
merly punched on one ponderous ma-
chine. A punch of smaller dimensions
had been suggested, but was thought
too expensive for a time of retrench-
ment.

One morning the foreman went to his
supplier with a slip of paper. Upon
this paper were figures on the current

Fig. 1. — When the head of a department leaves
his headquarters at Brown & Sharp's, his
whereabouts are indicated by the simple little
indicator here shown.

waste of time, labor and power inci-
dent to handling one class of thin sheet-
ing on the large punch. Below was a
requisition for a tiny, inexpensive air
punch, and a note showing that in a
few weeks the current loss would neu-
tralize the purchase price of this ma-
chine.

The buyer had thought a much larger
machine necessary. The foreman's low
bid accordingly went through, and the
instantaneous air punch, set down in"
the midst of the light work, soon paid
for itself.

Making Errand Boys Responsible.
By H. M. Wood.*
At our plant messenger boys are call-
ed to different departments by a special

annunciator and push button system.
The annunciator is located opposite the
tool room window and is connected
with fifty push button stations con-
veniently located throughout the plant.
The annunciator location is head-
quarters for the boys who respond to
the bell.

In establishing a basis for paying
these boys it was first ascertained that
on the average the boys made about
fifty calls per day. This figure was
taken as a standard, therefore, and each
boy was allowed a premium of one-half
cent for every call made above fifty a
day. If he does not make more than
fifty calls, he receives his regular day's
pay and no premium.

The number of calls which each boy
makes is recorded in the tool room
just across the aisle from the annun-
ciator and bench. The boys are num-
bered from one to twelve, and in the
tool room one hundred brass checks
about the size of a quarter of a dollar
are kept for each boy. When the annun-
ciator indicates a call, the boy next in
line reports at the tool room window
to run the errand, and at that time one
check corresponding to the boy's num-
ber is placed in the rack. When the
rack is full the boy is credited with a
hundred calls and the checks are re-
moved from his rack to be used over
again.

The advantages of this system are
obvious ; each boy is interested to get
in as many calls as possible a day, and
consequently the- boys respond promptly
every time the bell' rings.

Moreover the plan makes the boys
more responsible and their job appeals
to them in a business way. This is not
an errand boy's ordinary point of view
on his work. Each boy is uniformed
in khaki and each wears a numbered
shield. On the wall behind the bench is
a blue print layout of the factory.

. # * *

Saving Spoiled Work.
By A. R. Kipp.*

Piece work and the bonus system are,
in my opinion, the only methods of
wage payment correct in principle. My
preference is for the piece-work system.
In this the words "For value received"
apply as they do in so many financial
transactions, and under this system if

* Ot the Lodge & Shipley Co.

* Mechanical Superintendent, The Minneapolis,
St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Ry.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

the ■ workman spoils his work he pays
for it, unless, of course, he does other
damage to co-related parts beyond his
control. Nevertheless, the premium is
time-saving and g^od workmanship.

In paying a flat rate per hour, the
only recourse an employer has is dis-
missal, which is at times when skilled
labor is scarce very unsatisfactory, so
that in my opinion the only solution of
the problem of placing spoiled work
where it belongs lies in a system of
using the piecework principle.

Another question suggests itself as
going hand in hand with this one, which
is, "What system will present the bill
for spoiled work to the proper party 1"
I believe the answer to this is worthy
of consideration when the first one is
solved.

Spoiled Work in Brass Foundry. if
By Frederick C. Shafer.**

In our brass shop all piece workers
pay us for the work they spoil. Of
course, the total loss for the spoiled
work is not covered in this repayment
for spoiled pieces ; but, to my mind,
this method serves as a check upon
carelessness.

Our day workers are not charged for
spoiled work. But all the scraps from
jobs are collected daily and separated
into lots identified as defective in cast-
ing or in molding. This enables us to
keep a check on day workers also, for

Factory Supt. of Penberthy Injector Co.

they spoil a great deal of work it
comes automatically to the attention
of the inspector, who reports the facts
to the foreman and to me. The men
knowing that this is done, are more
careful than they would be otherwise.

In the foundry we have a method for
handling spoiled work which has proved
very effective. The molders are paid
altogether on a piecework basis, and
when they spoil work, they are eharged
back with it. Of course, in charging
back, we are very careful that the spoil-
ed work is wholly the molder's fault.
A sheet is made out weekly and is
placed in the man's pay envelope so
that he has definite information as ta
just the amount of work he has com-
pleted.

Concise Cost System for Small and Medium Sized Sho ps

The Division of Expenses, Pointing out what Should be Considered Pro-
ductive and what Non-productive Labor, Overhead Expense, Etc.

By GORDON C. KEITH

In a cost system for a small shop the
details cannot be gone into with the
same elaborateness as in larger shops
some of whose systems have been de-
scribed in these columns. The system
for the smaller shops should be concise,
taking into consideration that the pro-
prietor must oversee both the office and
manufacturing end, and often with the
aid of a clerk perhaps, serves as book-
keeper, time clerk and superintendent.

In all shops, large and small there
are a number of items that must be
taken into consideration in figuring
costs. These are rent or its> equivalent,
taxes, insurance, depreciation of plant,
interest and discount, salaries of non-
producers, traveling expenses, advertis-
ing, printing and stationery, postage,
telegrams, freight, cartage, supplies
(oil, waste, emery cloth, files, belts,
belt lacing, drills, dies, reamers, man-
drels, lathe tools, milling cutters, etc.),
gas and coal, donations, doctors' bills,
spoiled work and bad accounts.

The following classification has been
given by a writer in the Iron Trade
Review. Of course a number of them
will not appear in the small shop used
as an example in this article. In keep-
ing track of the various items of ex-
pense these can be eliminated. For in-
stance there may be no stable expenses
pO be dealt with and therefore this item
may be dropped from the list. Those
that do enter in must be provided for
in the cost system :

Classification of Accounts.

1. Real Estate.

Interest on the cost of land.
Interest on the cost of buildings.
Insurance on buildings and equipment.
Maintenance of land and buildings.

2. Floor Rate.

The sum of the real estate expenses divided
by the area in square feet of the entire
floor surface, giver the overhead burden
on this account per square foot.

3. Power.

Interest on cost of equipment for the gen-
eration and transmission of power, and
its installation.

Depreciation of equipment.

Maintenance of equipment.

Floor rate for space occupied.

Cost of fuel.

Sundry supplies.

Wages of engineers and firemen.

4. Light.

Interest on equipment.

Depreciation of equipment.

Maintenance of equipment.

Power necessary to run dynamos.

Sundry supplies.

Wages of electrician, etc.

5. Heat.

Interest on equipment.

Depreciation of equipment.

Maintenance of equipment.

Power, or equivalent horsepower in steam.

6. Shop Transportation.
Interest on equipment.
Depreciation of equipment.
Maintenance of equipment.

Power to run elevators, cranes, etc.
Wages of elevator men. shop car men. crane
men, etc.

7. Machine Rate.

Interest on cost of each machine and in-
stallation.

Depreciation in value of machine.

Maintenance of machine.

Floor rate, including necessary space around
machine.

Power to operate the machine.

34

8. Man Rate.

Floor rate portion not covered by machine

rates.
Consumable tools and supplies.
Liability insurance.

9. Productive Labor.

Wages of all men working on hand or ma-
chine operations on actual product.
Man rate, of surcharge or burden per hour.

10. Non-Productive Labor.

Wages of superintendents and assistants,
foremen and assistants, gang bosses, time
keepers, time study men, speed bosses, er-
rand boys, clerks, stenographers, tool
keepers, watchmen, sweepers, carpenters,
inspectors, laborers, and others when on
work not chargeable to production orders.

11. Material.

Castings, iron, malleable iron, steel, brass,

bronze, etc.
Forgings, wrought iron, machine steel, cast

steel, etc.
Bar Stock : iron, machine steel, cast steel.

tool steel, high speed steel, copper, brass,

bronze, etc.
Sheet Stock : iron, steel, copper, brass,

fiber, etc.
Miscellaneous : all other kinds in use.

12. Tools and Fixtures.

Tools, jigs, gages and fixtures specially
made for the purpose of machining, gag-
ing and inspecting the product.

13. General Office.
Real estate charges.
Interest on equipment.
Insurance on equipment.
Maintenance of equipment.

Salaries of all officials, book-keepers, stock

keepers, clerks, stenographers, office boys.

and all others employed herein.
Light, proportion according to number of

lights.
Heat, proportion according to cubic feet of

space to be heated.
Supplies of all kinds for use in the office.
.Legal expenses, traveling expenses.
Telephone, telegraph and postage expenses.
Express and freight charges.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

14. Sales Department.

Real estate charges.

Interest on equipment.

Insurance on equipment.

Maintenance of equipment.

Light, proportion according to number of
lights.

Heat, proportion according to cubic feet of
space to be heated.

Advertising, catalogs, circulars, etc.

Allowances, collections interest.
Legal expenses, traveling expenses.

Supplies of all kinds for use in the office.

Salaries and commissions.

Engineer's expenses, preliminary drawings

and estimates.
Telephone and telegraph expenses.
Mailing expenses.
Express and freight charges.
15. Stable.

Real estate charges.

Interest on equipment.

Insurance on equipment.

Maintenance of equipment.

Supplies, hay. grain, etc.

Wages of stable men, truck men, etc.

In order to illustrate the distribution
of costs under the various heads, take
for example a small shop employing
about fifteen hands. There are a great
many of such shops in Canada, grow-
ing concerns that should have a cost
system.

Shops located in power buildings pay
to the landlord a fixed sum per year
for space, power, heat, elevator service
and watchman. The charge is about
25 cts. per sq. ft. and the shop pays
so much for the space occupied by the
building and not for the net available
space.

Shops occupying their own ground
and buildings are obliged themselves to
pay for the above mentioned power,
heat, elevator service and watchman,
and in addition, they must pay inter-
est on the value of the grounds and
buildings, real estate taxes, insurance
on buildings, repairs on buildings,
power and heating plant. Except in the
case of very large plants, the cost is
greater than renting, but the cost
would be at least 25 cents per square
foot.

In figuring the amount of space re-
quired for running a certain number of
men on medium sized work, without
crowding, it is customary to allow 150
square feet for each man employed. This
would require a shop of 2,250 square
feet. This would cost $562.50.

The real estate and water tax is
included under the head of "Rent or
Equivalent."

Insurance.
The rate of insurance varies a great
deal and depends on the quality and
arrangement of buildings, and contents,
fire protection, watch service, and its
location. In what is known as a mill
constructed building, fitted with auto-
■matie sprinklers and good watch ser-
vice, the rate is much less than other
construction. Fifty dollars per year will
be a small estimate, but will serve to
illustrate the distribution of costs.

Depreciation of Plant.

Everything in a machine shop wears
out after a time. The length of time
required to wear out a machine varies
greatly under different conditions, but
no matter what these conditions are,
the machine becomes worth less and less
until it is finally not worth shop room,
and has to be replaced by a new tool.
The plant cannot be figured at its full
cost value each year, and then finally
ivhen the machines are worn out, re-
place them with others, charging the
cost to the expense of that particul, i
year in which the change is made.

What is done is this. The average
life of a machine is found out and the
cost is divided up into as many parts
as there are years of its life, and each
year one of these parts is taken from
the value of the plant, considering the
part thus lost in the expense of oper-
ating. When thus divided up one of
these parts is called a depreciation.
Machines wear out in from ten to
twenty years. In the first case one-
tenth of the cost of the plant must be
added to the running expenses each
year and in the latter case, one-
twentieth. In a shop such as has been
suggested the machinery equipment
would have a value of probably $6,800
which includes tools, jigs, patterns, etc.
If the depreciation was one-twentieth,
then $340 must be added to the runn-
ing expenses each year.

Interest and Discount.
In a general way both these words
mean the same thing. Interest is the
price paid for money. It might be
called rent. Few concerns are able to
carry on business without borrowing
more or less money, and while borrow-
ing is the word used the money must
be paid on a certain day and an addi-
tional sum is charged for its use.

Productive labor is understood to
mean the wages of those men who work
on actual production. Non-productive
labor includes all labor that cannot be
directly charged to productive labor.

Material covers all stock that enters
into the product. This does not in-
clude tools which are included in gen-
eral expense. Insurance on material is
added to the cost of the material.
There is also labor on the material re-
ceived, but this is included in the gen-
eral expenses and added as a per cent-
age over the product.

The total therefore consists of three
items : material, productive labor and
overhead burden. The overhead burden
includes non-productive labor, general
office expense, tools, depreciation,, etc.

The overhead expense is figured as a
per centage of the productive labor and
when the cost of material and produc-
tive labor is obtained by a time-keeping
system, by adding a per centage of the

35

-
productive labor to these two items the
total cost is obtained.

In some systems it is the practice to
figure the percentage of overhead charge
yearly, others half-yearly and still
others monthly. The general expense
accounts for a small shop may easily
be made up monthly and for estimating
that percentage, may be used for the
succeeding month. The percentage var-
ies little from month to month as a
rule and the manufacturer, whether
large or small can thus keep in close
touch with the manufacturing costs.

CANADA'S TRADE RELATIONS.

In the March issue of Canadian Ma-
chinery reference was made to French
and German tariff arrangements. A list
was also given of French and Canadian
goods affected by the treaty.

Attention was also drawn to the fact
that a trade arrangement had been made
with Germany, whereby the surtax of
33 1-3 per cent, has been abolished and
German goods will now be taxed at the
general tariff rates. Among the articles
which Germany has chiefly exported to
Canada, the duty on which is now re-
moved are: Clocks, glue, glass, springs
and axles; rolled iron or steel bars, angles
and other shapes; agate, granite or en-
amelled iron or steel ware; scientific in-
struments; chemicals; dry red lead, etc.

The following goods are among those
which may be entered into Germany at
the conventional tariff rate: Grain,
fruits, timber, greases, alcohol, leather
for manufacture of driving belts, pulp-
wood, etc.

Canada's preference to Great Britain
was the cause of the German tariff war,
which is now over. Canada has main-
tained that foreign nations should not
coerce her in tariff law-making. Hap-
pily a tariff war between the United
States and Canada has been averted by
the tact of a number of far-seeing offi-
cials and Canada will enjoy the United
States minimum tariff. Had no agree-
ment been arrived at, Canada would have
retaliated with a" 33 1-3 per cent surtax.
Canada conceded lower duties on thir-
teen articles ■ mostly foodstuffs and
foraey goods, and President Taft has
accordingly issued a proclamation giv-
ing Canada the benefit of the United
Stales minimum tariff.

Canada's brightest year has dawned
and with a great number of industries and
gigantic undertakings under way, it is
essential that Canada should be at com-
mercial peace with the many nations
with which she can exchange ' products.
Arrangements are being made for a full
discussion of the trade relations between
United States and Canada, when it is
expected that reciprocity adjustments
will be made.

Efficient Handling of Raw Material1 at Minimum Cost

A Convenient System for Handling Material Installed in the " Chiclet " Factory,
Toronto, by W. D. Beath & Son, Toronto — It is a Modern Labor-saving Device.

The accompanying illustrations show
effective methods used in the factory of
Prank H. Fleer & Co., Sterling Road,
Toronto, for the handling of raw ma-
terial. In this case it is chicle, im-
ported in bags from Mexico for the
manufacture of Chiclet chewing gum.
The system is applicable, however, to a
great number of enterprises, and a large
number of instalations have been made
resulting in a great saving of labor.

A railway siding runs into the yard
and the chicle is loaded on to the car-
rier. From the point of unloading a
covered trolley system extends to the
warehouse and runs along the front of
the warehouse, past several doors, as
shown in Fig. 1.

When loading, one end of the carrier
rests on the platform to facilitate load-
ing. The end is then raised to the level
of the other by means of the block and
pulley, which may be easily seen in Fig.
2. i

After loading, the carrier is moved
along the trolley to the scales, where a
section of the trolley is disengaged. The
weight is then read direct. This com-
pleted, the trolley connection is again
made, and the material is moved along
until opposite the door of the ware-
house where the material is to be stored.
Then by simply pulling a lever the ear-
ner is switched to the siding running
into the warehouse. Fig. 3 shows the
carrier being" switched from the main

trolley to the branch one, running into
the warehouse.

There are thus only two handlings of
the chicle, unloading the material from
the car to the carrier, and again from
the carrier at the warehouse.

When the chicle is required for manu-
facture, the trolley and carrier are again
used. The chicle is taken by means of
the trolley to the elevator, by which it
is taken to the grinding room. In re-
turning the finished product to the ware-
house the trolley and carrier are used
in a similar manner. They are also
used in shipping the prepared raw ma-
terial to the United States factory, the
scales being used in a similar manner
as that described above, in re-shipping.

One point in connection with this sys-
tem of trolley is illustrated in Fig. 3.
Very little space is required in turning
into the warehouse. It is a single rail
system, and can switch and turn on a
radius of four feet. The system was
installed by W. D. Beath & Son, 193
Terauley St., Toronto.

RUMORED MACHINE TOOL
MERGER.

There has been a rumor to the effect
that a big manufacturing merger is in
process of formation with Gait as its
headquarters. Five large plants were
mentioned, covering machine tool and
wood working lines. Such a merger
would require a capital of about $2,000,-
000, and while there has been talk of it,
and several Canadian companies have
been approached, Canadian Machinery
has advice from some of the larger com-
panies said to be interested, that they
arc not likely to seriously consider the
present propositions presented to them.

It was also reported that wealthy
I'nited States manufacturers were he-
hind the venture, but investigation has
been unable to show anyone with capital
behind the scheme outside of the Canad-
ian companies themselves. Unless some
other conditions arise, the Canadian com-
panies are not likely to hazard their
interests in a new venture.

Fie- 3. — Carrier Being Switched to Warehouse.

R. S. Shoemaker, for some time con-
nected with the Pittsburg/ Steel Com-
pany at Monessen, Pa., as electrical
engineer, has become assistant con-
sulting engineer of the Algoma Steel
Company, Ltd., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Fig. 1. — Moving Carrier Along .Track, "Chiclet" Co., Toronto.

Fig. 8, Raw Material being Weighed, **Chiclet" Co., Toronto.

37

The Design of Bevel Gears ; Shafts Acute and Obtuse

Part II. on the Design and Manufacture of the Varions Types of Gears,
Giving Information and Tables of Great use to Mechanical Men.

(Continued from March issue).

The interior gear can 'be cut with an
automatic gear cutter by slightly alter-
ing the slide, or it may be cut on a
milling machine.

In order to provide correct profiles of
the teeth of bevel gears, it is first neces-
sary to determine the pitch diameters of
equivalent spur gears and on their pitch
circles construct the profiles, which are
the profiles of the teeth of the bevels on
the edge line. The radius of the pitch
circle of either spur gear is readily ob-
tained graphically, by extending the
edge line where the wheels mesh, in
either direction, until it intersects the
centre lines of both shafts. Its length
is the distance from this point of inter-
section to the centre line of teeth as
they mesh, and the angle at this point
of intersection, is the compliment of the
centre angle. The radius may be cal-
culated by dividing the half pitch
diameter of the bevel gear by the sine
of angle at point of intersection, or
cosine of centre angle. The pitch diame-
ter of an equivalent spur gear is
therefore the pitch diameter of the
bevel gear, divided by the cosine
of its centre angle, and since the
numbers of teeth bear equal proportions

Fig. 8.— Gears With Shafts Acute.

to the pitch diameters, our formula,
"number of teeth to select cutter for"
is therefore the number of teeth in the
bevel gear, divided by the cosine of its
centre angle. Correct profiles of the
large and small ends of teeth should
be provided during the operation of
cutting the teeth; that the blapj? may be

By G. D. MILLS

tried direct or with a gauge, and any
defects remedied by filing.

In Figures 8 and 9 which follow, will
be found another method for obtaining
the centre angles of acute and obtuse
shafts, which presents many attractive
features. In Fig. 8 are arranged a gear
and pinion with shafts at an acute
angle. In the above we have the angle
of shafts L also the two pitch diameters.
Tangent C is found by dividing the half

Fig. 9.— Gears With Shafts Obtuse.

pitch diameter of pinion or length be by
length cd which length however must be
calculated. It will be noticed that the
pitch diameter of pinion has been ex-
tended until it intersects the centre line
of gear shaft at the point a, and that in
the right triangle acd, the angle L is one
of its angles. The angle at a is there-
fore the compliment of angle L. In the
upper portion of Fig. 8 is a certain other
right triangle acb. If we divide the
half pitch diameter of gear or length eb
by the sine of angle at a or cosine L,
we shall have the length ab which is
added to be and our length dc is then
ac multiplied by the tangent at a or
cotangent L from which is derived this
formula for acute shafts. Tangent C=
N3

• Ni X

I + N2 I

VCos. L J

Co + L

Angle G=L minus C.

Shafts Obtuse.

In Fig. 9 will be found a diagram of
two gears with shafts at an obtuse
angle.

As before the pitch diameter of
pinion has been extended until it inter-
Beets the centre line of gear shaft at a,

38

the triangle being reversed in this case,
and we have the angle of shafts L also
the two pitch diameters. Tangent C is
therefore the half piteh diameter of pin-
ion divided by the length be which
length may be calculated in the
right triangle abe. The angle at b is
the supplement of angle L and its com-
pliment is the angle at a. The enclosing
right triangle acd has for one of its sides
the half pitch diameter of gear or length
cd which divided by sine a or cosine L
gives us the length ad from which is de-
ducted the half pitch diameter of pinion
or length de. Our distance b e is there-
fore length as multiplied by the tangent
Hi a or cotangent L and from which is
derived this formula for obtuse shafts,
tangent C=

N,

(- N2 )

VCos. L /

Co. +L

Angle G as before equals L minus C.
Figures 8 and 9 still further verify the
method as set forth in Fig. 2, since the
results obtained are the same by either
method. While the graphics of these
last two figures are more brief than that
of Fig. 2, the formulas obtained by the
first method are to be preferred. It
has been the writer's aim to fully set
forth and prove the methods from
which the centre angle formulas are de-
rived and to provide practical examples
for their application. I am sure the
necessity for each operation will be ap-
parent to every one who has practical
designing of this kind to do. Bevel
gears when new should mesh as close as
possible without actually binding since
the wear on the teeth will in time make
tli cm loose, and for this reason spiral
gears are often preferred as the screw
like motion of spirals take up the wear
on the teeth so that it is almost imper-
ceptible. They, therefore, wear longer
and may be set at any angle, or made to
mesh with a spur gear, the array of
formulas and graphics connected with
spiral calculations, however, is greater
than for bevel gears.

G. Y. Chown, B.A., Registrar and
Treasurer of Queen's University, has
reconsidered his decision and will retain
his connection with the University iq

the above capacity.

Machinery Equipment for N. T. R. Shops, Winnipeg

Machinery and Tools, Motors, Furnaces and Forges, Cranes, Air Compressors, Grey Iron Foundry
Equipment, Brass Foundry Equipment, Belting, Shafting, Hangers, Industrial Track, Lockers, Etc.

The building and equipping of the
National Transcontinental shops at Win-
nipeg is one of the largest undertak-
ings of its kind that has been undertaken
in Canada. When one considers the
size of these shops it will be under-
stood that the equipment will cover a
large and varied line.

The shops consist of fourteen units,
as follows: —

1. Round house to accommodate 25
locomotives.

2. Locomotive shop, 823' x 174' with
20 engine pits.

3. Store house, 62' 6" x 262'.

4. Forge shop, 104' 9" x 264' 9".

5. Oil house, 30' x 40'.

6. Power house, 154' 9" x 110'.

7. Carpenter shopt 104' 9" x 74' 9".

8. Watertank of 100,000 gals, capac-
ity.

9. Chinmney 200' high.

10. Grey iron and brass foundries,
204' 9" 134' 9", with cleaning room 64'
9" x 82' 4i".

11. Crude oil storage, 25' x 62'. '

12. Frog shop, 64' 9" x 104' 9".

13. Storage platform, 56' x 180' and
superstructure, 58' x 151'.

14. Iron storage, 30' x 60'; coal, 30
x 30'; coke, 30' x 20', and scrap, 30' x
100'.

The shops are located at Springfield,
east of Winnipeg, and the work on the
pumping plant and reservoir must be
finished and the machinery ready for
operation by August 1, 1910. The build-
ings are nearing completion, and it is
expected that the works will be in opera-
tin:! by Jan., 1911.

Power Plant.

The current to be used is 3-phase, 60-
cycle 550 volts, alternating current.

The air compressor will be of the
horizontal type with two-stage air
cylinders designed for motor drive. It
will have a capacity of 660 cubic feet
of air and speed of 150 r.p.m. Air will
be used at from 80 to 120 lbs. per sq.
in. The air valve inlet gear will be of
the Corliss type. The outlet valves will
be of the high speed type.

Machine Tools.

The machine tool equipment makes a
long list of machines of well-known
types. These include lathes, drills, shap-
ers, planers, grinders, boring machines,
etc., necessary for efficient work in the

construction and repairing of locomo-
tives.

The shops have been divided into de-
partments and the tools will be arrang-
ed in groups. There are two general
groups in the locomotive shop. No. 3 and
4 are the piston, motion and crossheads;
5, tool, 6, 7 and 8, are bolt depart-
ments; 9, rod; 10, brass; 11, 12 and 13,
boiler and tank shop, and 14, flue and
pipe shop.

A number of the tools will be equip-
ped with individual motor drive in-
cluding bending rolls, 200-ton hydraulic
press shears, 42" car wheel lathe, etc.
There wil be a number of hydraulic ma-
chines including punches, riveters, 560-
ton hydraulic forging press, 4-column
type, etc.

The forge shop will have machine
tools for cutting, centreing, forging, etc.
The hammers will be two of 200, one
1,250, 1,500, 3,000. 3,300, 3,500 and 5,000
lbs. There will also be hydraulic bull-
dozer, squeezer, etc.

The scheme of grouping is being car-
ried out in all the shops, so that work
will pass through the shops with the
least number of handlings.

Cranes.

The locomotive erecting shop will have
one 120 and one 10-ton electric crane;
machine shop, two 10-ton; boiler shop,
one 30 and one 10; riveting tower, one
20; tank shop, one 20 and one 5; grey
iron foundry, one 15jton with a 5-ton
auxiliary hoist for light work; cleaning
room, one 5-ton ; forge and tank shop,
one 10; and yard midway, one 10-ton.
These are all electric. There are also
the following hand hoists: power house,
one 10-ton; stores, one 10; and grey iron
foundry, three 1-ton. Jib and bracket
cranes are also arranged throughout to
facilitate the handling of work when the
large cranes are in use.

Foundry Equipment.

One cupola will be 50' in height, shell
84" diameter; wind box 104", with 12
tuyeres. The second will be 50' in
height, with shell 72" diameter, wind
box 92", shell of cupola to have 12
tuyeres.

A 40 h.p. motor will drive the blowers.
The cupolas will be equipped with pneu-
matic charging machines and the charg-
ing floor will be served with a 4,000 lb.
pneumatic elevator. Tumblers, grinders,
core oven, pneumatio sand sifters, ladles,

39

brake shoe, molding maehine etc., will
form part of the equipment.

In the brass foundry will be four 26"
diameter brass furnaces, and one 32"
diameter, core oven, metal cutting band
saw, sprue cutter, tumblers, axle brass
molding machine, etc.

Thousands of feet of belting will be
required for the various shops. In each
shop there will be a number of tools
specially designed for the work in the
new shops of the National Transcontin-
ental at Winnipeg. When completed the
shops will be among the most modern
and best equipped on the continent.

PERSONAL NOTES.

W. R. Sweaney has been appointed
business manager of the Toronto Elec-
trical department.

D. MaeDougall has been appointed
assistant general manager of the Do-
minion Iron & Steel Co., Sydney, N.S.

Mrs. Main, wife of J. J. Main, man-
ager of the Poison Iron Works, To-
ronto, died in March after a few hours'
illness at her home in Toronto.

Mr. Mitchell, superintendent of the
Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Sydney,
has been visiting the steel centres of
the United States investigating the
latest practice and ideas for the new
mills to be installed this summer at
Sydney.

J. J. Foote, manager of the McClary
Mfg. Co.'s Winnipeg warehouse, spent
a day in Toronto last month, on his
way back home from a visit to the
London head office. He reports bumper
business in the west and expects this
fall to outdo the record established last
year. •

J. C. MacLeay, superintendent of
blast furnaces, Dominion Iron & Steel
Co., Sydney, was severely unjured on
March 19. One of the workmen acci-
dently poured cold water into a hot
slag pit causing an explosion in which
Mr. MacLeay and five workmen were in-
jured.

Those who, perused the "First aid to
the Injured" article in Canadian Ma-
chinery for February will be further in-
terested to note that the writer of the
article, S. A. Gidlow, lias had the dis-
tinction conferred upon him of Hon. As-
sociate of the Order of St. John of Jer-
usalem in England. This honor was con-
ferred upon Mr. Gidlow by King Ed-
ward upon recommendation by the
Prince of Wales, who, js tbe_ Crr&nd

Prior pf the Order,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

SYSTEM AT BALDWIN LOCOMO-
TIVE WORKS.

There is surely a reason for the pro-
gress of large manufacturing establish-
ments. Take for instance, the Baldwin
Locomotive Works, there is a firm of
world-wide reputation. In these works
are built locomotives, not only for
American railroads, but for roads in al-
most all countries in the world, thus
competing successfully with the loco-
motive manufacturers in all these dif-
ferent countries. There must be a rea-
son why locomotives can be built at Phil-
adelphia, shipped to any country in
Europe and placed on the roads there
for the same cost or less than they can
be built in shops in that country. Giving
all due credit to the national advan-
tages this works has, because of its
geographical position, the greater part
of the credit must be due to the man-
agement of the works, a review of the
chief points in the management policy
of this establishment would probably
throw some light on the reason for their
success.

In these works are employed in the
neighborhood of 15,500 men, distributed
among 20 departments. The executive
consists of one superintendent, four as-
sistant superintendents and twenty fore-
men, one for each of the departments.
The foreman in each department has as-
sistant foremen and underforemen ac-
cording to the size and importance of
the department. Each under-foreman is
a specialist in his line of work. Each
department is a factory in itself, turn-
ing out special parts of the locomotive.
Each department is operated on contract
or piece work system. Now there is con-
siderable diversity of opinion regarding
the best methods of paying labor, but
the success or non-success of any system
of payment does not depend on the sys-
tem alone, but also on the way the sys-
tem is managed. It is the claim of the
Baldwin Locomotive Works that under
careful management they get more work
per man out of their piece workers than
any other similar concern in the world,
and that their men are allowed to make
higher wages. Dissatisfaction is rare
at Baldwin's, and they have no strikes.

No attention is paid to unions at
Baldwin's. A man is hired on his own
merits, and after he enters the works he
is expected to abide by the regulations
of the shops.

Their system of apprenticeship is
worthy of notice. They find their ap-
prentices of great value, simply because
they have been brought up in the work
and therefore are much better able to
fill positions in the works than any me-

chanic unaquainted with the system. The
apprentice system is as follows: —

The apprentices are divided into three
classes, i.e., first, those with an ordinary
public school or grammar school educa-
tion; second, those with a high school
education; and third, those who are
graduates of a technical school. A first-
class apprentice must be 17 years of
age. He serves 4 years; and during that
time he is moved from one department
to another until he has been through the
whole works. He attends night school
two nights in the week to take up mathe-
matics and mechanical drawing. His pay-
ranges from $3 to $6.60 per week during
his apprenticeship, and on completion of
his time receives a certificate and $250.
A second-class apprentice serves 3 years
instead of four and gets from $4.20 to
$6.60 per week, and upon completion of
time receives a certificate and $200. He
also attends night school. The third-
class apprentice serves 2 years, and does
not attend night school. He gets from
$9 to $12 per week and a certificate upon
completion of time.

There is another feature of the man-
agement that goes towards making the
firm what it is. The foremen of the dif-
ferent departments are encouraged to
improve existing conditions, and they
are sent by the firm all over the country
to see and appropriate new ideas. If a
foreman can prove that by the instala-
tion of some new machine, work can be
handled in a more economical manner,
he is furnished with the machine with-
out any question, and in this manner
the works are kept up-to-date in every
particular. Because they are up-to-date
in every particular is a very subst ntiai
n :.?on why they can ?ompete with manu-
facturing plants so far away from home.
Many of the shops in England, Sweden
and Russia are 2o years behind in equip-
ment.

Thus the secret of success in manufac-
turing is to keep up with the times.

IRON BOUNTIES TO CEASE.

The Dominion Government has an-
nounced that it would not renew the
iron and steel bounties at the end of
the coming fiscal year. The bounties
have been in force fourteen years and
the Government believes the industries
are now established on a sufficiently
(inn basis to stand alone. These boun-
ties were fixed on a sliding scale for
different iron and steel manufacturers,
decreasing year by year, and varying
from $2.10 per ton for pig iron pro-
duced from Canadian ores in the calen-
dar year 1907 to 40 cents per ton for
pig iron from foreign ore produced this
year. The extent to which these indus-
tries have grown is shown by the fol-
40

lowing schedule of bounties paid dur-
ing the year ending March 31, 1909 :

Pig iron $693,423

Steel 838,100

Mfrs. of steel 383,091

Total $1,914,614

Since 1896 a total of over $14,000,000
has been paid in iron and steel boun-
ties, the abolition of which will not
affect the protection of $1.50 per ton
upwards imposed on imports of iron
and steel.

BROWNING ENGINEERING CO.
The Browning Engineering Co., Stop
118, Shore Line, Cleveland, Ohio, have
been instating a number of locomotive
cranes in Canada. They have had a
number of requests for operators for
their locomotive cranes and are anxious
to have the names and addresses of
available men on file for positions as
liny open up. Two important instala-
ticms were described in a recent issue
of Canadian Machinery. These were at
the Canadian Locomotive Works, Kings-
ton, and Angus Shops, Montreal.

BOB'S BALKY PUMP.

By C. Tuells.

Bob was a good-natured, curly-headed
apprentice boy in the best and largest
machine shop in town. He had passed
the days when the men used to send
him to the blacksmith shop to get the
teeth of a file drawn out a little longer,
or to the stock room for a half-inch
counterbore with a five-eighths pilot.
As he was in his second year, he got
fairly good work — compared with turn-
ins pulleys and snagging castings, or
running errands and "chasing: the
broom."

He was now at that stage of the
trade where he was commencing to earn
a little money for the company, for he
could make a simple machine or a plain
jig as well as most of the journeymen,
and there was quite a difference be-
tween his thirteen cents an hour and
the journeyman's thirty, which went on
the right side of the books.

One day the boss brought around the
blue-prints and castings for a rotary
pump and pave Bob instructions how
to make it. It was his first pump, so
with all the vigor of ambitious youth
he "waded into his job." He bored
out his casting for the pump casing.
turned up his gear blanks, and made his
union as good and as quickly as the
best of the men could do. True, he
slipped up cutting one of the gears, but
he hustled out a new blank, and this
time his gears were cut the right num-
ber of teeth and the proper pitch.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

After three or four days of interest-
ing work his pump was completed and
ready to be tested before being sent out
of the shop. In "trying out" a rotary
pump, it was customary to set it up
on the ways of an old lathe, with the
pump spindle in the chuck and the in-
let and outlet pipes reaching to the
floor into buckets ; in this way, by
starting the lathe, a bucketful of water
was pumped from one bucket to the
other, when everything went right.

Well, Bob got his pump set up all
right, and it pumped, and pumped good,
too. After pumping a few bucketfuls he
shut off the power and went to get the
boss to inspect the pump and see it
work — his mind in that harmonious
state that always accompanies a suc-
cessful job.

In the meantime, two of Bob's
brother apprentices conceived the bril-
liant idea of inserting a large cork
stopper in the end of the inlet pipe and
pushing it up out of sight.

Bob soon came back with the boss,
who, after looking it all over, ordered
him to start the pump. The pump
started all right, but, strange to say,
there was "nothing doing" at the out-
let end, much to Bob's astonishment,
and all attempts to make it pump were
in vain.

The boss looked dubious and Bob look-
ed worse, but the sly glances his fellow
apprentices cast in his direction were
lull of fiendish glee. After telling Bob
to "pull her to pieces and see what's
the matter," the boss left Bob to work

rJHSHkf

"There was nothing doing at the outlet end.
and all attempts to make it pump were in
vain."

out his own salvation. Although he
took the pump apart and examined
every inch of it thoroughly, he could
find nothing wrong, until he tried to
look through the inlet pipe — he couldn't
see light. Then Bob knew what the

trouble was, and another leaf was add-
ed to his book of experience.

Back together went that pump in
double-quick order, and this time it
worked fine and to the satisfaction of
the boss. Bob's detective abilities
traced the stopper to the empty bottle
in his shop-mates's dinner box, and it
wasn't long before he was paid back in
his own coin — but that's another story.
— Machinery.

When comparing competitive bids on
direct current electric motors one man-
ager always keeps in mind the fact that
the cost of the machines increase with
the horsepower, but decreases with the
speed.

For emergency work about the boiler
shop, the foreman of a locomotive fac-
tory constructed six small hand trucks,
heavy and low wheeled. On three of
these he rigged anvils : on the others,
forges. When a bit of smithy work is
needed on some massive part, such as
a boiler or firebox, one of these forges
is dragged in and connected with the air
main. The anvil follows ; and the work
is done, independent of other smithing,
in quicker time than work could be
taken to the blacksmith department,
run through the routine and returned.

At a luncheon given by President W.
J. Gage to members of the Board of
Trade, Toronto, recently the following
resolution was unanimously passed : —

"Whereas the Board of Trade of the
city of Toronto consider the control of
the waterfront in and contiguous to To-
ronto is essential to the commercial de-
velopment of the city ;

"And whereas no satisfactory plan of
development can be devised and carried
out without permanent concentration of
authority ;

"And whereas the proper development
of the waterfront will enrich the city
many millions by enhancing the actual
value of its property in Ashbridge's Bay
and elsewhere ;

41

"Be it therefore resolved that this
meeting most strongly urges placing the
management of our waterfront in the
hands of a commission, , and that the
Secretary be instructed to forward a
copy of this resolution to the Mayor,
Board of Control, and Council of the
city of Toronto, wit,h a request for im-
mediate action."

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

SAWMILL DEVICES.

By Stavcley.

For the purpose of lifting round logs

on to rack benches or timber frames, a

suitable device is necessary for carrying

out this operation quickly. If the logs

: -
i

Fig. 1.— Logging Hoo

Fig. 2.— Gripping a Log.

come into the mill, drawn up by an end-
less chain, they rest on the floor, and
there is no way of passing a sling chain
under, or if there were this would take
a longer time, than the hooks shown in
Fig. 1. These are made from a good
class of lV'xl^" iron, and a §" chain
goesi through the eye of each and through
the jring which is attached to the travel-
ing fcrane hook overhead. Fig. 2 shows
the hooks gripping the log, which slide

Fig. 2— Pulley Lagged With Timber.

or adjust themselves on the f chain, as
in the sketch- The hook points are sharp
and hardened, so that they dig them-
selves into the jog. when the slack is
hauled up,

Fig. 3 shows how a W.I. pulley in
halves can be lagged with timber, either
for a belt or rope drive. In the figure,
it has has been shown for a rope drive.
The segments are cut from well seasoned
hardwood, the grain running radially.
The segments are well bedded to the
rim and fixed by tee-headed bolts let in-
to the wood, so as to clear the ropes.
By removing the segments over the lap
plates, the pulley can be removed in
halves in the usual way.

ABOUT CATALOGUES.
By K. Campbell.
There are other troubles for the re-
cipients of catalogues besides the filing
of the heterogenous collection of cata-
logues that are necessary in a well man-
aged manufacturing plant. We success-
fully disposed of the filing difficulty by
using vertical files and following the

$10 For An Idea

For the "Machine Shop Methods
and Devices" department of Can-
adian Machinery.

We want ideas for this depart-
ment— ideas of practical, labor-
saving-, cost-reducing value. We
will pay at regular rates for each
idea accepted, and in addition will
pay $10 for the best idea sub-
mitted during the next six months
—that is, until Sept. 30, 1910.

Address all communications to
the Editor of Canadian Machinery,
10 Front Street East, Toronto,
Ont.

same manner as in letter filing. In this
connection, we used a double card in-
dex in which the names of the com-
panies were tabulated alphabetically
with a list of the lines manufactured
given on the card of each company. On
the second index the various articles in
which we are interested were listed al-
phababetically and on each card the
names and addresses oi the companies
manufacturing these lines were given

The point I wished to bring to the at-
tention of those issuing catalogues is to
be sure to have the name and address
of the company on the catalogue. In
fact it is a good idea to have it on
every page. A page is often torn out
and sent to the superintendent or fore-
man. It is returned only to find that
there is no name on the page to tell
from which catalogue it was taken,

43

The one in care of the index must trust
his memory and if there is a page from
one catalogue sent to the foundry fore-
man, another to the carpenter shop, the
pattern and a few other departments, it
is practically impossible to trace some
of the pages. It would be an easy mat-
ter to have the name and address of the
company on every page .

The technical, trade and daily press
are careful to have the name and ad-
dress on every page and the manufac-
turer who issues catalogues would do
well to follow this example. Orders are
sometimes lost through this neglect.

Perhaps it would be hard to believe,
but it is a fact, that catalogues are re-
ceived in our office containing no name
or address to designate the company is-
suing them. British manufacturers are
the chief offenders in this regard as far
as I can learn. We have received cata-
logues on which there was absolutely no
name or address and consequently, if we
had not been interested in the lines the
catalogue would have been relegated to
the waste basket instead of following up
the trade-mark and thus locating the
name and address after a great deal of
inconvenience. It is an easy matter to
carry out the suggestion of having the
name on each page and is worthy of
consideration.

FRICTION CLUTCH REQUISITION
FORM.

The two illustrations shown are used
in connection with ordering friction
clutches by Vandeleur & Nichols, Elec-
irical, Mechanical and Constructional
Engineers, Dineen Bldg., Toronto, but
they may be applied to requisitions in
the factory and in ordering various ar-
ticles and equipment

Standardizing will allow the use of
this method of making drawings. In
connection with the clutches the various
measurements are indicated only. The
sizes are filled in to suit the conditions
under which the clutch will be operated.

Tn ordering a clutch a customer is
asked to give the following information :

1 . Maximum horse power in ordinary
work.

2. Maximum horse power at starting
(which is generally greater than 1.)

3. Revolutions per minute.

4. How often in the 24 hours will the
clutch be put in and out ?

5. Are there any heavy masses, fly-
wheels, large belt, or rope pulleys,
heavy machines, etc., to be put in mo*

tion ? If so, give particulars,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

6. What kind of machine or machines In the columns A, B, C, etc., are enter- One of these forms is filled out for

is clutch to drive ?

7. What kind of motor drives clutch
—steam, gas, oil, electric, turbine, etc. ?

8. If clutch couples shafts, give their
diams. and fill in dimensions in sketch
below.

ed the check numbers of those who are each working day so that the general

absent.

In the column at the right are entered
the total number present, the number on
the roll and the corresponding figures
for the year previous.

manager can tell at a glance each day,
the number on the roll, those absent,
any new men starting and those leaving
the employ. If any department is be-
hind on the work the foreman of that

SHAFT C

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THUS FOR COUPLING

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DOES SHAFT
C OR D DRIVE _.

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fHUS FOR PULLEY

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SKETCH A

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THUS FOR COUPLING

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. _ DIA.

V

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DOES SHAFT
C OR D DRIVE. .

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! FLOOR LINE

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THUS FOR PULLEY

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1

SKETCH B

Sketch A. — Clutch Requisition.

Sketch B.— Clutch Requisition.

If the clutch is to carry belt or rope
pulley, gear wheel, etc., state, in addi-
tion to the above :

9. Diam. and width of pulley, width
and thickness of belt, or particulars of
gear wheel.

10. Diam. of rope pulley ; number of
grooves ; size of ropes.

11. Does pulley drive shaft, or shaft
pulley ?

12. Average length of time per 24
hours during which clutch would be out
of gear with either part running.

13. Give shaft diams. and fill in di-
mensions on sketch below.

If striking gear is required :

14. If the shaft is carried as eithei
sketch A or B, fill in dimensions on that
sketch. If neither meets your case, give
rough sketch in space below (or on back
of form), showing how shaft is carried,
whether in slings, hangers, brackets,
pedestals, etc., and giving dimensions
corresponding to those in sketches A
and B.

Where a number of articles are manu-
factured with variations in certain mea-
surements these could be left as in the
accompanying illustrations and filled in
on the blue print.

Another method, and one that is used
a great deal, is to designate the dis-
tances by letters. Then when an article
is required a table may be prepared giv-
ing the measurements for the various
letters.

TIME KEEPER'S DAILY REPORT.

The accompanying illustration shows
the form submitted by the time keeper
to the general manager every morning,
at Frost & Woods, Smith's Falls, man-
ufacturers, of agricultural implements,

At the foot of the sheet is given the
check number and name of each new em-
ploye and workman leaving the employ
of the company. In the case of those
leaving the employ, the reason is also
stated.

department, the superintendent, and gen-
eral manager can co-operate in obtain-
ing sufficient men to keep up the work.
The form keeps the general manager in
close touch with the conditions in the
shops.

TIME KEEPER'S DAILY REPORT.

190

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TOTAL OH POLL

STARTED WORK

STOPPED WORK

Tim. Keeper*' Pally Report Stat.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BURNING A WIRE CABLE IN TWO.

The quickest and best way to cut a
cable, is to place it in the forge fire and
burn the strands in two. Almost any
size or kind of hoisting cable may be
easily separated by this method.

First mark the place to be cut and
hold the cable in the fire until there is
a shower of sparks thrown off. Begin
pulling on both parts of the cable at
this time and when it is heated to a
welding heat give the parts a good hard
twist in the direction of the strands.
This will pull the cable apart where it is
heated, leaving the wires at each end
j all welded together and tapering down
to a smooth point. Such an end does
not need any wrapping to keep the wires
that form the cable from coming apart.

ELEVATOR TROUBLES.
By J. H. Shales.

As a rule troubles arise from lack of
attention to the machines, by those in
charge. As long as a machine will re-
spond to power, it is let run regardless
of its physical conditions. It may have
hadly worn cables, or rust eaten
piston rods, or burnt out contacts, no
oil in worm gear, worn out bearings,
safety out of order and a host of other
infirmities. But as long as it will go
up and down, people will use it, jeop-
ardizing their lives and limbs, month
in and month out. I have been called
in to examine elevators in this city
that had been in use for months with-
out having a drop of oil put on the
running parts or overhead sheaves. I
have seen overhead sheaves bearing cut
down through the babbitt and i-inch
into the metal and the shaft scored so
that we had to put in new ones. This
happens in scores of buildings.

I have one in mind that came under
my notice two years ago in a leading
hotel within a block of where we are
assembled. The manager and engineer's
attention had been called to the worn
out condition of the machinery, but
they thought it could run a little while
longer, and so it went on until the
armature gave out through over work,
and they had to shut down for four
days and make repairs, costing them
four times the amount that it would
have done if they had given it proper
care. It is surprising how careless the
owners of buildings are about their ele-
vators. And when their attention is
called to the need of repair, they will
say it should run without looking after,
forgetting that iron and steel want
looking after as -well as the human
body.

This brings to mind a case I had
some years ago of an electric elevator
1 had installed in one of our large hos-
pitals, It ' had" been in some months

and was giving trouble occasionally
through not having a steady operator.
On this occasion, as I was leaving the
building, 1 was met by the medical
superintendent and was asked if the ma-
chine was all right now. I said :
"Yes." "Well, how long will it stay
that way?" My reply was the Irishman's
answer, by asking him : "Doctor are
you well now f " Of course he said
"Yes." "Well how long will you re-
main that way T" Needless to say, I
was not asked that question again, al-
though I have done the repair on that
machine for seventeen years. This is
but one of hundreds of thoughtless
questions we have to answer in our
business.

Fifteen years ago we had great trou-
ble in getting architects to give us
room to put in elevators. They thought
any old place was good enough for the
elevator, forgetting that those ma-
chines would need repairs. And through
this short-sighted policy it has cost
owners hundreds of dollars for repairs
which would have been saved if the
machine had been placed where they
could have been looked after.

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

Subscribers will confer a favor on us by
notifying us in case they are not receiving
their paper regularly, or if the\ find they
have missed one or more issues. We send
out thousands of copies each month, and
it is only natural to suppose that a few
copies will go astray in the mails, even
though every precaution is taken by us to
avoid this.

We should also be notified at once of
any change of address, giving both old and
new addresses.

In one of our large office buildings we
were installing a first class hydraulic
plant, and when we came to set up our
valves and control machinery, we could
not get them in place on account of hav-
ing a small lavatory in the way. This
room is 5x6 on the ground floor with
a large lavatory within 20 feet on the
same floor. After a great deal of coax-
ing, the architect gave orders to move
the terra cotta wall 18 inches. This
just gave us room to get our machines
in position. But for the last 18 years,
every tinio there are repairs made the
architect is cursed for his folly, as the
small room is not used and is of no
value to the building for revenue. I
have met with instances like this in my
25 years' experience in elevator work.

My advice to all persons in charge of
elevators, is to give them the same at-
tention you would give a steam engine,
as they are only hydraulic electric en-
gines in the true sense and produce
power to operate the cages.

If your plant is an electric one, be

44

sure that all contacts are clean and
have good faces. Also that all connec-
tions are firm and tight. Those parts
should be gone over and tested every
day. Also keep an eye on all ropes,
overhead sheaves and bearings. Also
keep your girder well oiled and car
properly adjusted as well as cables
tuned up. When this is done on either
electric or hydraulic machines, you will
be all right.

LOCOMOTIVE SHOP REPAIR JIGS

Repairing locomotives is a very differ-
ent proposition from almost any other
work I know of, and requires different
treatment, says a writer in the American
Machinist. Micrometers are an unknown

Fig. 1.— Boring Driving Boxes.

quantity in most of the work, yet the
results are probably as good as can be
expected, when the service is considered.
Side rods must have play on the pins,
both as to diameter and end movement,
varying from 1-64 to 1-32 inch, because
the different crank pins are almost never
in line on account of frogs, switches and
high and low spots in the track. Rut
the main rod has to be as close as it
will run cool, on account, of pounding
out the brass, to say nothing of the
noise.

Rebolting a Frame.

When an engine comes in for general
repairs and the frame bolts have to be
driven out, it's a case of new bolts when
the engine is put together again. These
bolts have a taper body and drive into
the reamed taper holes of the frame. The
taper is usually 1-16 inch to the front.

This is usuallv a case of fitting: each

'rosshead Babbitting Jig.

boll to its place, as the holes are .just
cleaned up with the reamer in the air
drill. This fitting has to be well done,
as it is very important that they should
not work loose.

To do this rapidly, the foreman in
charge of this work at the East Buffalo

CANADIAN MACHINERY

shops of the Delaware, Lackawanna &
Western road has a portable outfit which
he sets down near the track the engine is
on. This outfit consists of a lathe, a
centreing machine and a grinding wheel
for sharpening tools, all tied together on
on base and driven by an independent
motor.

A bright boy completes the outfit and
the combination gives star performances
when it comes to fitting up a locomotive
frame with new bolts. The bolts are
centered and the ends all threaded to
standard size before the frame has been
reamed, and as soon as a few holes are
ready the boy gets busy.

He sets a pair of inside calipers to
both ends of the first hole to be sure and
get the right taper set in the lathe, then
he starts in, only measuring one end of
the rest of the holes, and turns each bolt
to fit its hole. There is no micrometer
about it; he just sets his outside calipers
by the inside calipers set to the hole,
measures by "feel" in the old-fashioned
way, and does a good job in a lathe that
had seen hard service long before it
joined the bolt-turning outfit.
Detecting Cracks in Frames, Rods and
Axles.
Every railroad shop has its hair-
raising story of axles that have dropped
in two on the turntable after a hard
run and other cases, all depriving the
yellow journals from a prominent dis-
play of scare headlines about another
wreck, and the best or worst of it is
they are true. In no place is the effect
of constant vibration better shown than
in railroad service, the most prominent
defects occuring in frames, rods and
axles, all of which are hard to detect
unless they are very pronounced. The
hammer test helps in many cases where
the man is trained for the work, but
even this is not infallable.

The master mechanic at these shops,
B. H. Hawkins, has introduced a method
that is at once simple and efficient
whether it is original or not. When an
engine comes in for repairs and is strip-
ped, the frames, axles and rods are
given a coat of a white water paint. This
dries "in about an hour and does not rub
off readily.

Then, as the wheels are turned up in
the lathe, or the frames and rods work-
ed on in any way, or even without it,
the oil and dirt that are in any crack in
these parts work through this paint and
show a dark streak so plainly that it
cannot be mistaken. At the time of my
visit a driving axle had just been dis-
carded, owing to a slight crack just start-
insr from the round corner of a keyway
for the eccentric, and which would never
have been discovered in any other way.

The same thing holds good in the
other parts, and cracks are constantly
discovered that might cause accidents
later had they not been found. So a
little white paint is probably a life
saver when applied in this way.

Boring and Facing Driving Boxes.

Two Bullard vertical lathes or boring
mills with a side tool carriage or head,
are in use here doing all sorts of face-
plate work. The way in whicli driving
boxes are bored is interesting as show-
ing the use to which the side head is
put as well as the method of holding
and boring.

The lower plate or fixture is bolted to
the face-plate, and the driving boxes fit
in this and are easily centred and set.

There are several sets of these jigs of
different widths at C to allow for guides
being planed down on the sides to true
them up at different times. These cost
very little to make and have been hand-
ling all the babbitting done here for
some time.

GRINDING CIRCULAR CUTTERS.

By J. H. R., Hamilton.

The accompanying sketch shows an
attachment placed on an ordinary emery
jack tor grinding circular cutters. The
shaded portion of the sketch shows the
attachment in position.

The piece P is secured to the two
brackets BB. On one end of piece P is
the compound rest R, the top table of

i . i

UJ

TU

Grinding Circular Cutters.

A mole in the centre of this plate forms
a guide for the pilot on the boring bar,
as shown in Fig. 1, holding it steady in
its work and insuring a straight cut as
well as making high speed possible.

At the same time the side head comes
in and faces off the hub lining so that
no extra time is required for this work.
It makes a neat way of handling work
of this kind.

Babbitting Crossheads.

They have the simplest form of bab-
bitting jigs, as shown in Fig. 2, I have
seen and they do the work in good shape.
They depend on the faces XX of the
crossheads C, being planed alike in all
cases so far as the distance from one
guide to the other is concerned, as well
as being the same width on the outside.
This allows the fixtures or jigs to be
held on the crossheads by the simple
clamps, shown at the side, and the bab-
bit fills the opening between the two,
being retained at the bottom by an as-
bestos sheet or pad on which it' rests.
The crossheads are tinned beforehand,
being heated by an oil torch for this
purpose.

45

which carries the two centre heads I and
J. The arbor A carries the cutter K
and is supported between the centres as
shown ,

A worm wheel W is secured to the
centre in head I and by turning the
wheel by the handle and worm the ar-
bor and cutter are revolved on the cen-
tres. By removing collar C and putting
on a grooved pulley the arbor can be re-
volved from a shaft overhead.

By the use of jigs in place of the cen-
tre head, different small jobs of grinding
can be done.

OVERHEAD RUNWAY.

By J. S. Staveley.

For quickly transporting goods pat-
terns, castings, etc., the accompanying
sketches show a convenient method of
building an overhead runway. Fig. 1
shows the arrangement of the posts,
which are "halved" at „ the point where
they cross each other and a plate coach-
screwed on the top to take an ' 1^" bolt
which supports the carrying beam.

In order that the C.I. wheels of the
"runner" can traverse freely, a 2"x|"
flat is screwed to the top of the beam,

»d

CANADIAN MACHINERY

the heads being countersunk. Where it
is necessary to join the beams, the type
of joggle joint suitable is also shown.

In Fig. 2 is seen the runner complete,
with swivel ring bolt at the bottom.

plicates. Attached to the double-armed
leader C is a stud upon which is mount-
ed a loose sleeve which travels in, and
fits the slot of the templet. As the
head is driven along the rail the tool is

right in London, with employes of the
Dennis Wire & Iron Works Go., Ltd., as
pupils. If the true "German Peril" be,
as claimed, in the struggle for industrial
supremacy, this firm is doing its part to

This is convenient for attaching the pul- automatically raised or lowered accord- avert it.

I

Fig. 1. — Arrangement ol Posts.

ley block, and adjusts itself to the direc-
tion of pull. It is well to rivet over
slightly, the nut ends of the wheel spin-
dle, to prevent them slacking off.

PLANING CURVED SURFACES.

An attachment for planing work of a
convex or concave shape is shown in the
accompanying engraving. The attach-
ment consists of four parts all of which
are of cast iron. These castings com-
prise the two side pieces or brackets A,
the templet B, and the double-armed
"leader" C, which is attached to the
tool slide. Of course, different templets
have to be used for different jobs, the
shape of each being governed by the spe-
cial requirements of the work in hand.
The side brackets must be cast with bos-
ses to allow the templet to clear the
planer head, so that the latter can move
along the rail. As shown, the brackets
fit over the top guide on the rail and
any slack is taken up by the set-screw
shown in the end view. Separate pieces
are fitted to the bottom of each bracket
which are put in place after the fixture
is put on the rail. These brackets are
at all times stationary. The templet is
worked out on a profiler or slotter, and
it is attached to the brackets A by
bolts. It should be machined carefully
to the required shape, for, obviously,
when it is made it will produce any
number of pieces which will be exact du-

ing to the formation of the guiding slot
in the templet. Of course, when this at-
tachment is in use, the screw of the
slide is removed . The fixture is entirely
automatic, and when it is in use the
cross-feed may be put on, and the planer
will take care of the work. This fix-
ture is not new, but there are doubtless
many who are not familiar with it. —
Machinery.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN LON-
DON.

By W. E. Elliott.
While slow-moving Governments and
college faculties are talking of the need
for technical education, private enter-
prises has initiated a modest trade school

Fig. 2. — Runner Complete.

One hundred men are employed in the
Dennis works. Between 25 and 30 have
already enrolled in a night class for
training in the higher elements of the
work in their own factory, and the com-
pany has provided a room in the upper
part of the works for theoretical instruc-
tion.

Here are workmen who make first-
class material. Here, also, are a few
capable of acting as instructors. Ma-
chinery and other equipment is to hand
a.s no trade school has it, with regard
to the particular work in which Dennis
employes are interested, and the man-
agement figure out that the least they
can do is provide facilities for those
who are ready to be taught.

"The men get their manual training
in the day time," says Mr. Earnest R.
Dennis, managing director; "and now we
are prepared to give them the theoretical
part at night."

Planer Attachment Which Automatically Guides

46 ...

Tool in Planing Curved Surfaces.

Mr. Dennis' idea is to secure Inspec-
tor Peake and others from Toronto, as
well as local experts, to give lectures to
the men, from time to time — lectures of
Canadian Club quality and Dennis prac-
ticability.

"For some time my hobby has been
technical education," said Mr. Dennis.
"About two years ago I brought the
matter up in the Board of Trade, but
nothing was done.

' ' We get good men from England, and
also a few from Germany. Some people
speak disparagingly of the Englishman,
but I tell you they can deliver the goods,
thanks to trade schools.

"I have changed my mind about tech-
nical schools. I believe now that trade
schools are the thing. At Detroit they
have the best Y.M.C.A. in the United
States. You go in there and find a
great plumbing shop, with men making-
joints and all that sort of thing. They
have another big electrical room with
dynamos, meters, rheostats, etc. Then
they have drafting and carpentering
rooms. These things help a man make
his living.

"We have the equipment right here
for working in iron, and training will
make our men worth more to us, and
we will pay them more.

"We have a draughtsman whose fath-
er and grandfather before him were
architects, and he was brought up in a
technical institute himself. He is cap-
able of showing these fellows."

Iu 1876, Mr. Dennis points out, an
exposition was held in Philadelphia, and
the German Government, always watch-
ful, sent a commission over to see how
German students and maufacturers
stood, as compared with other nations,
as shown by the exhibits. They went
back and reported that England and the
United States were far in advance. Then
the Germans, being practical people, ap-
pointed another commission to find out
ways and means of remedying the situa-
tion. They said, "If you want to manu-
facture good stuff you have got to have
good men, and we need training
schools," and so arose the present sys-
tem of technical education in Germany.

"That was im the neighborhood of 30
years ago," remarked Mr. Dennis, "and
now Germany has the most highly organ-
ized industrial plants in the world. We
have a German manager in our Toronto
branch. He is an engineer. 'You talk
about militarism in Germany,' he will
tell you, 'but it is not militarism— it is
law and order, in the business and the
home. Everything is done with preci-
sion. '

CANADIAN MACHINERY

"We had a $10,000 contract for orn-
amental iron work for a technical school
m Quebec," added Mr. Dennis. "If
they need one down there, surely we need
on in London. A manufacturing con-
cern cannot run ten minutes without
labor, and intelligent labor is what we
want. We have good material here, if
we can only educate them a bit.

"It is awful, you know, when people
come in here and ask for a job. I say,
'What can you do?' and the answer is,
'O, almost anything.' When I ask,
'Blacksmithing? Machines? Ironwork?'
they can do none of these. In this coun-
try there is nothing along this line be-
tween the public school and the college."

This appliance can be clamped on the
table of a drill press or on the face,
plate of a lathe or grinding machine.—
American Machinist.

COMBINED ANGLE PLATE AND V-
BLOCK.

By G. A. Beaudry.
This device I designed and built for
use in my work of die making. The new-
feature about the tool is the arrange-
ment by whieh a short screw is used.
This short screw will clamp all the dif-

Combined Angle Plate and V Block.

ferent sizes which the tool can take in,
that is, from £-inch up to 4-inch, round
or square stock.

A is the body of the tool proper; B is
the clamping bar into which a V is cut
to correspond with F (the V in the
body) and it can be moved forward or
back according to requirements. D D are
side bars into which are cut a certain
number of teeth which catch the ends
of the binding bar C and when the
screw E is set up against the body A
and forces the bar C backward, bar B
is pulled back and clamps the work. To
move bar B forward take parts D D be-
tween the thumb and forefinger and
press them together ; this releases bind-
ing bar C and allows it to be pulled
backward and then bar B can be pulled
forward so as to admit the stock. G
is a coil spring and H is a pin set in
the body A on each side to force rods
D apart so that they catch on the ends
of binding bar C ; then a few turns of
screw E will clamp the work solidly.
47

A CO-OPERATIVE SYSTEM.

In the year 1825, Charles Allen, a na-
tive of Andover, Vermont, settled in
Waterloo, Que., and there worked as a
blacksmith. A few years later he form-
ed a partnership with Daniel Taylor, a
native of Newfane, Vermont, to carry
on the business of blacksmithing and
cloth dressing. That partnership contin-
ued until 1858, when Mr. Taylor died.
In 1861 a new partnership was formed,
and a sou of each of the former part-
ners was admitted into the company.
Charles Allen died in 1881, and his sec-
ond son became a member of the com-
pany.

This firm is still carrying on the busi-
ness of machinists and dealers in gen-
eral merchandise, their general store be-
ing started by them in 1839.

D. L. Allen commenced working as
clerk for Allen, Taylor & Co., in 1861,
and was admitted a partner in 1881. The'
general merchandise business has been
carried on in the same store for seventy
years.

Li I I

The Waterloo (Que.), Iron Works, the
manufacturing end of the company's in-
terests was started by Charles Allen as
stated above. The works have been in
continuous operation eighty years. The
works and the store are now being con-
ducted by the third generation with the
exception of D. L. Allen, who is of the
second generation.

Owning both works and store, it is an
easy matter for these two institutions to
work together. The employer and em-
ploye exchange work for merchandise,
the co-operative system followed being
very simple. It is not compulsory for a
workman to deal at the general store of
Allen, Taylor & Co., but it is made very
easy for him to do so.

If a workman- decides he will deal with
the company for whom he works, he is
furnished with a pass book in which is
-entered the purchases made at any time.
At the end of the week the pass books
are checked up. The amount of purchase
is treated as an advance payment, and
is deducted from the total wages due the
workman. The balance due him is plac-
ed in his envelope. The system is found
to work satisfactorily and is beneficial
to both workman and proprietors.

Canadian machinery

Correspondence

Readers are invited to send in replies
to answers asked under "Correspon-
dence," and these will be paid for at
regular editorial rates. Anyone desiring
the names of firms manufacturing cer-
tain lines will be answered under this
heading. Comments on previous articles
containing good ideas will be paid for. —
Editor.

Position of Belt Tightener.
Will a reader please inform me the
proper place to put tightener on a main
driving belt, as shown in the illustra-

Where Should the Tightener be Placed ?

tion. A is the driven pulley on line
shaft. B is the driving pulley on -the
engine. The arrow shows the direc-
tion in which the belt runs.

CENTRE PUNCH.

The dotted circle C shows the suggest-
ed position for the belt tightener. In
addition to tightening belt, it will give
a larger belt contact on the small pull-
ey if placed close to it. — Editor.

Boring Deep Holes.

I have some castings in which deep
holes must be bored, and I find it very
inconvenient. Are there not some meth-
ods for boring, without having to with-
draw the drill every few turns to remove
the cuttings?

SUBSCRIBER.

In the Feb., 1908, issue, Canadian Ma-
chinery, is an article on this subject
by John Edgar. Hollow drills may be
obtained from the manufacturers of
twist drills advertising in Canadian Ma-
chinery, and it is comparatively a simple
matter to use a hollow drill and lubri-
cate the work. One method is to at-
tach a hollow tube of less diameter than
the hole. Feed in the lubricant through
the centre and the chips will be carried
out along the flinted sides and out along
the outside of the hollow tube.

If the work to be bored is firmly
chucked and runs true in a rest, and the

boring bar is held rigid in the lathe
rest, great accuracy may be obtained.- —

Editor.

* * *

Rust on Metals.

We store away iron and steel, but
as the storehouse is a little damp the
bars rust. Will you recommend a pre-
ventative for rust— READER.

Answer— A coating of sperm or lard
oil will prevent rusting. Do not use lu-
bricating oil. A box of lime placed near
the steel will absorb dampness.— Editor.

* * *
Lignum Vitae.

Where is lignum vitae obtained.

B. C. SUBSCRIBER.

Guaiacum, Brazilwood, or lignum vitae
is obtained in the American tropics, and
is remarkable for the hardness and
heaviness of the wood. We would ap-
preciate receiving the address of a Can-
adian or United States company handling
lignum vitae. — Editor.

* * *

Vulcanizing Rubber Tires.
How can I vulcanize automobile rub-
ber tires so that after vulcanizing the
rubber will again be brought to its nor-
mal elasticity. I find that after I heat
the rubber to its melting point, it is com-
pletely spoiled, and the reason is prob-
ably because I am not using the right
process. Will a reader of Canadian Ma-
chinery give the correct method through
this paper.

MILDMAY.

* * *

Tempering Gears.
In the March iss ,e of Canadian Ma-
chinery a manufacturer asked for a saf-,
simple method for hardening the tseth
of steel cut gears to prevent warping.

be hardened one-sixteenth of an inch on
the surface. There is no furnace in
which the gears can be placed, except
a small brass furnace, which has a diam-
eter of about 15 or 16 inches. It is
necessary that these gears run perfect-
ly true, as they run at high speed.
* * *

British Locomotives.

Are there any locomotives of British
manufacture running on the railways of
Canada. I undestand there are some
Scotch locomotives in Lower Canada.
Will readers please send this informa-
tion.—C. E.

5th ANNUAL BANQUET OF G.T.R.
APPRENTICES.

An excellent toast list was provided
at the fifth annual banquet of the Grand
Trunk apprentices, Stratford, on March
15, and the addresses given were list-
ened to by nearly all the members of
the club and their friends.

The toast to the "G. T. R." was re-
sponded to by Master Mechanic, J. G.
Markey, Toronto; "The Local Shops,"
W. Seeley, and "The City," by Mayor
Dingham and W. Preston; "Appren-
tices," W. Margett, "Ex-apprentices,"
E. R. Dalley.

Prof. Angus, of Toronto University,
was on hand, and replied to the toast of
"Educational Facilities," as did Prin-
cipal Mayberry and W. Walton. "Our
Teachers," by E. Meldrum; "Visiting
Apprentices," L. Andsky, P. Drum-
mond and E. Thorpe, of Montreal; "Ath-
letics," H. Humber, and "The Ladies,"
H. Walton.

The Grand Trunk band discoursed

JH Twill l> O.ir. */i-in. rv.

Gears to be Tempered.

Herewith is given a sketch and sugges- several selections, and solos were render-

tion for hardening them will be apprec- ed by J. G. Sarvis, H. Genson, A. Kelso,

iated and paid for. The teeth are to W. Bryanston and A. Walton.

48

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

BELTING OF HALF COTTON AND
HALF LEATHER.

In a discussion of lineshaft efficiency
in the proceedings of the American So-
ciety of Mechanical Engineers, W. F.
Parish, Jr., points out that for com-
parative tests made under work-shop
conditions it is advisable to have the
belts made up half of cotton and half
of leather, thereby eliminating the effect
of humidity, which may cause varia-
tions of 12 per cent, in the power de-
livered.

An English firm five years ago pur-
chased a cotton belt to drive a dyna-
mo, but this belt was not equal to the
speed and power required of it, so a
leather belt was substituted. It was
decided to use the cotton belt on one
of the main mill drives, but it was
found to be much too short. So a
piece of leather belt was spliced in, the
whole being, when finished, half leather
and half cotton. A casing was built un-
der it, as it was low down and in a
dangerous position. The manager was
annoyed to find that this casing had
been built too close to the belt, no
allowance being made for sagging.

The dampness greatly affected the
leather belt, as the drive was in a low
part of the mill, but the casing under
the patched belt was never altered. The
length of the belt never varies whether
the weather is damp or dry, and it is
the best belt drive in the mill for
steady work. Moisture has an opposite
effect on leather and cotton, leather
lengthening and cotton contracting with
an increase of humidity, so that in the
half-cotton and half-leather belt the
weather effect is practically compensat-
ed for.

VACUUM CLEANERS IN INDUS-
TRIAL PLANTS.

The vacuum cleaner has been develop-
ed with much aggressiveness by its var-
ious builders, and has now become of
recognized utility in industrial as well as
i . sidental life. The modern shop and
factory are well ordered institutions,
and cleanliness is a prime requisite.

The vacuum cleaner is a most complete
remover of dust and dirt and finer debris
of all sorts. The vacuum system of
cleaning promises exceptional usefulness
in ridding works of those kinds of dust
which are injurious to the health of em-
ployes. The manufacturers believe that
they can b? of great service to factories

which do wet grinding, by collecting the
dried sediment of particles of abrasive
and metal.

Where an exhaust system is installed,
the apparatus is designed to be attach-
ed at conveniently spaced stations. The
self-contained unit, with an electric mo-
tor attached to the fan, can be employ-
ed in any works having electric wiring.
The blower and exhaust have a great
usefulness, extending over a wide field.
The vacuum cleaner is an addition to
the scope of effort, which will undoubted-
ly be adopted quite generally in the next
few years. — Iron Age.

HOME MADE ERECTING CRANE.

By Charles Collins.

Recently I happened to be where a
new light and power plant was being
installed. As the parts of the machines
were cumbersome and heavy to handle
the erecting crew were provided with a

but will increase its life in far greater
proportion than the increase in first
cost.

Double belts will transmit about IV2
times as much power as single belts.

This rule applies to belts running over
pulleys of equal diameter, or where the
arc of contact is 180 degrees. For small-
er arcs of contact, use the coefficients
found in the following table:

Deg. 90 100 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 200
Coef. 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.94 0.97 1.00 1.00

To increase the power transmitted,
either increase the speed of the belt by
using larger pulleys, or use a wider belt.

Example. A 3-inch, single belt is run-
ning over a 24-inch driving pulley, which
makes 200 revolutions per minute. How
many h.p. will it transmit?

The circumference of the pulley in
feet is 2X3.1416=6.2832 feet.

As the speed of 'the pulley is 200 revo-
lutions per minute, the speed of the

Handy Homemade Erecting Crane

light and handy portable traveling
crane of home-made construction, which
seemed to be the acme of convenience.

It consisted of a ten-foot length of
I-bean supported by two 6x6-inch tim-
bers, which telescoped into light, well
braced frames of angle iron, thus per-
mitting the beam to be raised to a
height suitable for the job. A traveler
and a chain tackle completed the out-
fit.— American Machinist.

POWER TRANSMITTED BY BELT.
By H. T). Chapman.

The power transmitted by a belt is
directly proportioned to its speed. A
safe rule is:

Allow one h.p. for a speed of 1,000
feet per minute, with a belt of single
thickness, 1 inch wide.

This is a more liberal allowance in
favor of the belt than is usually given,

49

belt will be 200X6.2832=1256.64 feet
per minute.

For every inch of width it will trans-
mit 1256.64^-1000=1.25664 h.p.

Then, a 3-inch belt will transmit
3X1-25664=3.76992 h.p.

If it is desired to increase 'the power
in the above example to five h.p., it
may be done- by using a wider belt in
the proportion of 3.75 to 5, or in reality
a 4-inch belt. The same thing could be
effected by increasing the size of the
pulley in the same proportion, or

3.75 : 5 :: 24 : 32.

It would thus require a 32-inch pulley.
A double belt of the same width would
transmit 1J times as much power or
1.5X3.75=5.63 h.p., which would be a
little more than the required five h.p. —
Power.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

(JnadianMachinery

^Manufacturing News^

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all users of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
ricity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto

G. C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto

F. C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal

Business Manager
Managing Editor
Associate Editor

OFFICES :

C Montreal Rooms 701-7Oi Eastern

Townships Bank Bldg

TORONTO - 10 Front Street East

Phone Main 7324

Winnipeg. 511 Union Bank Building

Phone 3726

F. R. Munro

British Columbia - Vancouver

H. Hodgson,

Room 21. Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street. E.C.

Phone Central 12960

J. Meredith McKim

UNITED STATES

New York - - R. B. Huestis

1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur

ance and Trust Building

Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE

Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

31bis. Faubourg Montmartre,

Paris, France

SWITZERLAND

Zurich

Louis Wol
Orell Fussli & Co

Cable Address:
Macpubco, Toronto. Atabek, London, Eng.

SUBSCRIPTION RATE.

Canada, United States. $1.00, Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4a. 6d., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.

Subscriber* who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified
at once of any change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

April, 1910

No. 4

TARIFF AGREEMENT.

Much to the satisfaction of the people of United States
and Canada, a tariff agreement has been amicably ar-
ranged. Canada has conceded lower duties on thirteen
items, and in return receives the benefit of the
I'nited States minimum tariff. The items cover food
stuffs such as dates, figs, nuts of all kinds, etc; soaps,
toilet preparations, window glass, watch actions, feathers,
etc. The reduction amounts from about 2i to 3 per cent.

In connection with the tariff arrangement, there is a
reciprocity offer, President Taft proposing negotiations
looking toward the establishment of closer relations be-
tween United States and Canada. Any movement in
the direction of broader and closer commercial relations
will receive the hearty support of the large majority
of the people of these two countries.

Canadian manufacturers are in hopes that when the
representatives of the two countries meet, the subject
of reducing the tariff on machinery not made in Canada
should be considered. At the present time there are a
great number of machine tools not manufactured in Can-

ada and Canadian plants are at a disadvantage on ac-
count of the high initial outlay necessary when certain
machines are required.

Take the automatic for example. The machine costs
probably $1,500, fo.b. place of manufacture. The duty
is 27J per cent., bringing the total cost up to $1,912.50.
This includes only one set of tools and many are required
which the user must make himself at great risk of in-
accuracies on account of all toolmakers not being famil-
iar with the automatic. Otherwise, he must pay heavy
duty on the necessary tools. We have not considered the
freight in the above figures.

It is manifestly unfair to place the Canadian manufac-
turer at such a decided disadvantage in regard to shop
equipment, when the machines cannot be obtained in
Canada. This applies not only to automatic machinery,
but to cylindrical grinders, gear cutting machinery and
numerous others. If the Canadian manufacturer is to be
the factor in the world's market that he should be, he
should receive all the assistance possible to compete with
other manufacturers placing similar lines on the market.

ONTARIO BOILER LAW.

For a number of years manufacturers and users have
been working towards the adoption of uniform boiler
regulation in the various provinces. At a meeting in
Regina in December, 1909, representatives of the various
provinces met and discussed1 regulations which would be
acceptable to the several provinces.

At the recent session of the Ontario Legislature a bill
was passed respecting steam boilers. As the bill states.
[lie regulations shall come into force at such a date as is
deemed advisable. The following are t'ae provisions of
i!ie Ontario Boiler Act :
• 1.' This Act may be cited as "The Steam Boiler Act."

2. In this Act "steam boiler" shall mean a boiler
used for generating steam for heating and power pnr-
l> -is. and every part thereof or thing connected there-
with, and apparatus and things attached to or used1 in
connection with any such boiler, but shall not include a
l):ii'er used for heating water for domestic purposes or a
railway locomotive or steamboat boiler.

3. Upon the recommendation of the Minister of Pub-
lic Works the Lieutena,ni-Governor-in-Coiincil may make
a n-'.i rules, regulations and specifications as may be deem-
ed proper respecting the construction of steam boilers, in-
cluding the materials to be used, the method of construc-
tion, the tests to be applied, the inspection of the boilei
during its construction and before it is permitted to leave
the place of construction, and generally such other mat-
ters as may secure a uniform standard of strength, safety
and efficiency.

4. The rules, regulations and specifications sha'l be
published in the Ontario Gazette and shall some into force
and take effect at a date to be named by proclamation.

5°

CANADIAN MACHINERY

MR. FOSS AND RECIPROCITY.

The election of Eugene N. Foss to the United States
Congress marks a long step towards securing fair trade
between United States and Canada. Reciprocity has
been a hobby of Mr. Foss' for years and his policy,, "Can-
adian Reciprocity and Tariff Reform," has won for him
a notable victory in a constituency which had always
voted Republican.

E. N. Foss is president of the R. F. Sturtevant Co.,
Boston, whose blowers and ventilating apparatus are
known the world over. Mr. Foss' creed is thus summed
up :

"Reciprocity with Canada is not a question of a
year or a day. It is> one for the statesmanship of the
future, and it is to the interest of both countries to
have this question settled intelligently and upon broad
lines, which will permit to both countries the highest
development of all their resources. Reciprocity accom-
plished, contemplates the extension of American condi-
tions to Canada. These have made the United States
the most prosperous country in the world, and they will
make a prosperous Canada."

Mr. Foss' victory should go far in bringing about
the realization of his creed.

CANADA'S GROWING TRADE.

The total trade of Canada for February, 1910, was
$46,291,201. an increase of .$8,202,374 over February of
last year.

For the eleven mont'hs of the fiscal year the total trade
has been $610,577,981, an increase of $104,113,307, or over
20 per cent., as compared with the corresponding eleven
months of the last fiscal year, and constituting a new
record for Canadian trade.

Imports for the month totaled $30,341,462, an increase
of $7,152,794. For the eleven months the imports totaled
$332,391,669, an increase of $68,131,239.

Exports of domestic products for the month totaled
$ 15, 337,043, an increase of a little over one million. Ex-
p iris of domestic products for the eleven mont'hs totaled
.-_'57.i)12,262, an increase of $32,805,650. Of this latter in-
crease, about seventeen millions was in agricultural ex-
ports, about seven and a half millions was in exports of
the forest, and about two millions in exports of manu-
factures.

Exports of foreign products for the eleven months
totaled $21,174,050. an increase of a little over three mil-
lions.

The total customs revenue for the eleven months was
$53,781,333, an increase of $11,389,085.

The monthly financial statement of the Dominion shows
an increase of $1,606,751, as compared with February,
1909, and an increase of $14,179,638 for the first eleven
months of the present fiscal year, as compared with the
corresponding period of last year. The total revenue for
the eleven months has been $89,684,460. When the books

are finally balanced for the year it is expected that the
tevenue will run very close to the hundred million mark,
and will exceed by a million or so Hon. Mr. Fielding's
conservative estimate in his budget speech of December

last.

The expenditure on account of consolidated fund' for
the eleven months has been ,$63,876,584, a decrease of $3,-
127,898. On capital account the expenditure has been
$29,989,535, >a decrease of $9,312,567.

The net public debt at the end of February was $328,-
658.879, a decrease during the month of $1,211,090.

GOOD TIMES AT CANADA FOUNDRY.

"I have been authorized to announce that, dating from
March 1, 1910, a general increase in wages of five per
cent, will be made to 'all the works' employes of the
Canada Foundry Co., Limited, who are on an hourly
basis.

"The management recognize the harmony that lias ex-
isted between themselves and the employes during the dull
times, and take the earliest opportunity 'afforded 'by im-
proved' prospects of showing their appreciation in a prac-
tical manner."

This is the notice which the 1,000 employes of the
Canada Foundry Co. saw posted in the works on March
1. The total amount of wages affected' upon which five
per cent, increase will accrue will be between $12,000
and $13,000 weekly. The increase means, therefore, $600
or $650 a week.

This action in 'asking the employes to share in the
prosperity t'he company, has enjoyed is an encouraging
sign of the times, indicating, as it does, the hopeful view
the directors of the company take in the future. It augurs
well for the cordial relationship between employer and
employes. Having a reputation for fair dealing with em-
ployes or customers is one of the greatest assets a com-
pany can possess.

CANADIAN MACHINERY IN THE WEST INDIES.

It will, no doubt, be of interest to our thousands of
• Canadian readers, that mechanical men in the West Indies
are also interested in the Canadian Machine Shop and
Foundry paper. David Williams, one of the best known
of our large staff of circulation representatives, has been
\lsiting the West Indies for the past three months, and
he writes that Canadian Machinery is taking well among
the reading class of mechanical men, and that all appear
anxious to keep in touch with Canadian practice.

Writing from British Guiana, Mr. Williams reports
securing fifteen subscribers to Canadian Machinery, as a
result of his first few days' work there. He will remain
some time yet in the West Indies and British South Amer-
ica in the interests "of the MacLean papers. What is
being done in the south is being done in Canada.

Three new salaried circulation men started work on the
MacLean papers on April 4, in addition to a number of
iocal shop agents. It is the intention of the MacLean
Publishing Co. to keep pace with Canada's industrial
growth, and this can only be done by increasing the
staff. As soon as capable men can be secured other addi-
tions will be made to the circulation staff.

5i

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

SLOTTING ATTACHMENT.

There are many times when a slott-
ing attachment can be used to advan-
tage on a milling machine. This is es-
pecially true of the tool room miller,
as much time can be saved on slotting
boring bars, dies, wrenches, internal
gears, keyseating, etc.

In the attachment illustrated here-
with, the adjustment of stroke is easily
effected. The ram is a rectangular
steel bar carrying at its lower end har-
dened V-jaws in which to clamp the
slotting tool.

The tool can be of any form or
shape, rough or finished. The form of
ram permits of a long bearing relative
to its width which ensures rigidity and
alignment.

The cutting stroke is one half the
speed of the return, greatly increasing
the output. The ram can be swiveled
through the entire 360 deg., making it
possible to hold work in the chuck on
the dividing head in a horizontal posi-
tion and cuts taken, using the head for
indexing on such work as a hex socket
wrench, internal gears or anything of
this character that cannot be done ac-
curately by other means.

The return is effected through the
driving shaft which has a T-slot cut
through its front end to receive the ad-
justment bolt. This bolt is adjusted

with a wrench, an opening being pro-
vided for this on the right hand side.
Adjustment of stroke is provided from
0 to 4 inches.

The driving shaft has a groove in
which is fitted a bronze block that is

Fig. 3. — Details of Slotting Attachment.

driven by a collar directly on the main
spindle of the machine. The centre line
of the driving shaft is above the centre
line of the spindle, a distance sufficient

to give a quick return of two to one
as before mentioned.

Milwaukee Milling Machines are all
constructed with the knee slide carried
upward to the over-arm, the primary
object being to securely hold attach-
ments such as this.

The attachment could be used in
connection with rotary table, as shown
by photographs for any work requiring
slotting and indexing as, for instance,
internal gears or anything of that na-
ture. It can also be swiveled to a hor-
izontal position and used in connection
with universal centres for similar work
where rotary table is not available.

The oil tubes for conveying lubricant
to the cutting edge are regularly sup-
plied on all of their milling machines,
none being made without them.

The details are shown in Fig. 3. The
ram A is- a rectangular steel bar, and
carries at its lower end V-blocks BBi
with a hardened piece C to back up the
tool. The tool D can be of any form
or shape, rough or finished. This form
of ram permits of a long bearing rela-
tive to its width, which insures stiff-
ness and better alinement.

The return of two to one is effected
through the driving shaft E, which has
a T-slot cut through its front end to
receive the adjustment bolt, F. This

Slotting Attachment on Kearney ft Treeker Milling Machine. Pig. 2,-Slotting Attachment on Kearney & Trockcr's Milling Machine.

52

CANADIAN MACHINERY

bolt is adjusted with a wrench, through
an opening on the right-hand side.

The driving shaft E has a groove GG,
carrying a bronze block H, that is
driven by the collar I directly on the
main spindle of the machine. The centre
line of the driving shaft E is above the
centre line of the spindle .1, a distance
sufficient to give the quick return.

These milling machines are made by
the Kearnpv & Trecker Co., Milwaukee,
Wis.

UNIVERSAL MILLING MACHINE.

The new style Universal Milling Ma-
chine illustrated herewith shows several
changes in design including the feed
box, the dividing head and changes in
the machine. The photos show the
large proportions of all the main parts
and an unusual design for simplicity
and rigidity.

The automatic feeds to the table are
transmitted from the spindle through a
roller chain to the sprocket wheel of
the feed box. On the sprocket shaft
rides a sliding gear on which are
mounted two other gears ; these gears
are shifted by means of the lower lever
on feed box, so as to engage other
gears which are secured to the inter-
mediate shaft. On this intermediate
shaft are also secured a cone of gears
into any one of which the intermediate
tumbler gear is engaged. From the
tumbler gear shaft the power is trans-
mitted through the universal joint to
the gears on the knee and there the
automatic longitudinal, cross or verti-

cal feed is engaged. The gears in feed
box run in oil, provisions are made so
as to readily drain the oil and put in
clean oil. A direct reading index plate
is attached to the feed box from which

Fig. 3.— Details of Dividing Head.

the exact amount of feed per revolution
of spindle is read.

The elevating screw is provided with
ball bearings which insure ease of oper-
ation. This screw does not extend be-
low base when at its lowest point.

The nose of the spindle is slotted to

Fig. 4. — Details of Dividing Head.

positively drive arbors and other tools.

The universal head is designed for

dividing work in any position from 10

degrees below the horizontal to 10 de-

grees beyond the perpendicular. It is
furnished with dividing mechanism for
spiral cutting and has several note-
worthy features.

This head can be securely clamped in
any position by two bolts with V-
blocks, turned to the same radius as
the V on body, which are such a dis-
tance apart as to make it very rigid.

The dividing crank is fitted on the
worm shaft, thus eliminating the gear-
ing when used for dividing. A half turn
of the engaging crank disengages worm
from wheel.

One of the features of this head is
the quick spacing device to divide work
in 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 divisions. The
spindle spacer consists of 24 holes
drilled in the worm wheel and the front
shoulder of spindle has 24 graduations
in plain view, which graduations are in
line with holes in worm wheel. The
spindle spacer pin is hardened and the
point is tapered, it is actuated by a
crank.

The worm shaft and worm are made
in one piece of tool steel, and the worm
wheel is made of bronze.

To compensate for any wear that
takes place between worm and worm
wheel, there is provided an eccentric
bush. This raises the engaging crank
and consequently the worm.

When using the universal head for
dividing work the sleeve and plate are
held stationary by locking the sleeve to
trunnion.

The spindle can be very efficiently
clasped by a wedge pin with a 60 de-
gree angle milled on one end to fit 60

Fig. 1. — Ocsterlein Milling Machine.

Fig. 2. — Oesterlein Milling Machine.

53

CANADIAN MACHINERY

degree groove turned in spindle. This
wedge pin is operated by the screw
shown in Fig. 3. The crucible steel
spindle has a taper bearing its entire
length and any wear is readily com-
pensated by means of a split nut on back
of spindle.

To rotate the work for spiral cutting
connection is made to the lead screw
by gearing shown in Fig. 3.

With this head goes a complete set
of change gears, three dividing plates,
a tailstock and centre rest. These 3
plates will index all divisions up to
100, all even and those divisible by 5
up to 200 and many others.

The plain head shown in Fig. 1 is
the standard head for plain milling
machines. It will do all work the
universal head will, except spiral cutt-
ing.

The tailstock is so arranged that it
can be swiveled to any angle necessary
for milling taper work. It has an effi-
cient clasping device for the centre.

This Universal Milling Machine is
made by the Oesterlein Machine Co.,
Cincinnati.

SELLS ROLLER BEARING.

The Sells roller bearing herewith il
lustrated and described is being sold by
the Royersford Foundry & Machine Co.,
Royersford, Pa. It is the design of
John I). Sells, for many years identified
with the "Standard" roller bearing,
and is therefore the product of a long
experience in this line of work. This
bearing is universally adaptable, can be
applied to any hanger or pillow-block

The construction is as follows : First
the split sleeve is put on the shaft.
This is formed in two parts, with the
split running diagonally, so that the
rolls may pass over the joint without
shock or irregularity of motion. Next
this sleeve is clamped in place onto the
shaft by two collars, which are pro-
vided with counterbores fitting the
edges of the sleeve so that they are
thus themselves truly located. Next
the two halves of the split cage are
placed around the sleeve between the
collars. Then, as shown in Fig. 2, the
box itself is put over the whole and
fastened. The application of the bearing
will thus be seen to be as simple as
the application of a split sleeve or
wood pulley.

The bushing is of hardened steel, and
absolutely protects the shaft from be-
ing cut or scored by the case-hardened
steel rollers. Injury from this cause is
of common occurrence in other designs.
These bushings are so constructed as
to vary in thickness, allowing the same
size of bearing to be fitted to different
diameters of shafts. Each roller cage
structure is adapted to three such
changes of bushings. This makes it un-
necessary for the dealer to carry a
large stock of these bearings, as odd-
sized bushings will take care of the in-
termediate sizes.

The rolls, as shown are contained
within a roller structure or cage. This
separates them from each other, and
eliminates the friction caused by the
rolls running in contact. Tt also holds
them parallel to each other so that it

and to give further assurance in this
matter a heavy felt wiper is used at
each end of the box, which at the same
time prevents the loss of oil. Drain
holes are also provided so that the case
can be flushed with kerosene or other
cleansing fluid when the oil gums. Holes
are tapped in the top of the box to
provide for oil cups. For head or jack-
shaft use, on shafts 3 11-16 inch diam.
or larger, this bearing is provided with
a double roller structure shown in Fig.
1. This gives a greater bearing area
for heavily loaded shafts. All parts
are made interchangeable. In case any
part of the bearing becomes mislaid or
broken by accident, it can be easily re-
placed, thus avoiding the expense of a
new complete bearing. For the present
the manufacturers intend selling these
bearings at fifty per cent. less than
that asked for any similar device on the
market.

OIL AS AN AUXILIARY FOR OPEN

HEARTH FUEL.

By Or. P. Blackiston.*

The ureal shortage of the natural gas
supply ou the one hand and the fre-
(|uent delays of coal deliveries on the
other, due to severe cold weather as ex-
perienced this year, has made some of
the slower thinking manufacturers real-
ize the great necessity of being provided
with some auxiliary method of heating.
This is especially true in the open hearth
practice, where a sudden shut off of fuel
would often mean not only a delay but a
total loss to both the furnace and its
charge — the furnace being out of com-
mission for many weeks at the least.

Fig. 1. — Sells Roller Bearing of Double Cage Type.

Fig. 2.— Sells Roller Bearing of Single Cage Type.

of corresponding size either for new in-
stalations or for substituting in a plant
previously equipped with the old style
of plain or oil bearings ; and it also
possesses the advantage of being appli-
cable without requiring to be pushed on
over the length of the shaft from one end
to the other.

is impossible for them to get cramped
diagonally in the boxes.

This bearing is of the full floating
type, so that none of the customary
trouble. from end-thrust friction in roller
bearings is met with. The two halves
of the case are fitted together with
milled joints to make them dust-proot.

54

This being the case, many of the larg-
est plants have been equipped with an
auxiliary heating system.

The problem has been, however, how
to secure an equipment that would give

• Formerly Superintendent of Open Hearth
Furnaces Howe-Brown Steel Co., Pittsburgh.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

satisfactory results without necessitat-
ing any changes in the operation or con-
struction of the furnaces — also one that
would not interfere with the floor space
and be capable of being installed in the
narrow spaces between the ends of the
furnaces.

After considerable experimenting :, de-
vice was designed and placed upon the

ing the temperature to facilitate atomiza-
tion and feeding it to the burner under
a uniform pressure.

Oil is fed to the burner by this means
under a pressure of from 35 to 50 lbs.
and a small quantity of compressed air
or steam for atomizing the oil is supplied
at a pressure from 5 to 10 lbs. less than
the oil pressure. Either steam or com-

The Kirkwood Oil Fuel System as Applied to Open Hearth Furnaces.

market by Tate, Jones & Co., Inc., Pitts-
burgh, Pa., that fulfilled all the severe
requirements. At either end of the furn-
ace a burner is installed, each being
properly mounted on a swinging stand
located on exterior of furnace to admit
of one burner being swung into place
(into the parts of furnace), and the other
swung out and turned off as the furnace
is reversed. The design of the burner
is such that the supply of oil and com-
pressed air or steam for atomizing is
regulated by one lever, the ratio between
the atomizing agent and the oil always
remaining at a constant point, which lias
been found to be the proper proportion
for complete atomization.

This adjustment is scientifically made
and fixed before the burner leaves the
factory, so that an efficient fire is al-
ways maintained.

Necessary valves are provided on the
burner stand for cutting off the oil and
atomizing agent, when it is necessary to
remove the burner from the stand. The
oil and atomizing agent are controlled
from the charging floor.

An oil pumping, heating and regulat-
ing system is also used for drawing the
oil from the storage tanks, straining the
foreign matter and lumps from it, mis-

pressed air may be used for atomizing,
;is determined by local conditions. The
oil lines from the pumping system and
the compressed air or steam lines are
run to the charging floor where special
controlling valves are provided, as in-
dicated above, and the additional reduc-
ing valves are introduced in the air or

Throwing in Kirkwood Oil System When (las
has Given Out.

steam line for cutting the compressor
or boiler pressure down as required.

The burners when not in use are
thrown back (out of the ports), from
the ends of the furnace. When the reg-
ular fuel supply gives out, one of the
burners is merely thrown forward, and
the valves on the regulating stand open-
ed with a continuation of the melting.

By this method all danger of a shut
down on account of shortage of fuel is

55

absolutely minimized. Several of the
largest plants in the Pittsburgh territory
were thus spared this winter on more
than one occasion.

COLLAPSIBLE STEEL HORSES.

S. M. Hildreth, 2 Rector St., New
York City, are placing on the market a
collapsible steel horse or trustle. They
are made from angle iron and are very
rigid. The legs fold up when the trestle
is not in use. They are useful for car-
penters, contractors, machine shops,
manufacturing plants, etc.

MOTOR DRIVEN MULTI-SPINDLE
DRILL.

A motor driven multi-spindle drill is
shown herewith, the placing of the
motor being of special interest. It is a
vertical type, variable speed, 550 volt
direct current motor, 12 h.p. 300 to
1,200 r.p.m. with ball bearings.

The drill is a six spindle drill for re-
petition work and is of substantial de-

Vertical Type Motor Driving Multi-Spindle I>rill.

sign and build, being one of ('raven
Bros., Manchester, manufacture.

The motor is manufactured by the
Lancashire Dynamo & Motor Co., Man-
chester, whose Canadian officers are at
152-4 Bay St., Toronto.

A large corporation finds it very
much to its advantage to have con-
stantly in its employ a lubricating en-
gineer who has direct charge and super-
vision of the machinery oiling in the
various plants. He selects the oils and
directs the handling of all lubricants.
He saves twice his salary each year. A
small manager who can't afford a spec-
ial man sends his oils and glue to a
consulting man for analysis.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

Convention of the Allied Foundry Associations

Programme for the Meeting in Detroit, June 6 to 10 — Some Excellent
Papers Have Been Arranged for— Canadian Foundrymen Should Attend.

The Detroit local committee will tender
a complimentary dinner to the officers
of the allied associations and to the
Technical Press, on Monday evening,
June 6, at the Pontchartrain Hotel.

The Ladies ' Committee will give a trip
around the city, and a theatre party, on
Tuesday, June 7.

A smoker will be given at the Light
Guard Armory, on Tuesday pveningl,
June 7. Chairman Woodison has some
original features to "pull off," and thos:'
who recall his previous efforts along
this line will realize that a treat is in
store for them. The ladies will be over
at their theatre party that night, and as
the theatre is located near the hotels, no
one need leave early to call for their
wives.

Officers are Busy.

Arthur T. Waterfall, president of the
American Foundrymen's Association,
will make an extended trip through the
east, the middle of March. During this
trip, he will meet the Philadelphia, New
York and Pittsburgh foundrymen, and
will hold a conference with Dr. Richard
Moldenke, secretary of the organization,
and perfect the plans for making this
the greatest convention of the organiza-
tion.

W. M. Corse, secretary of the Ameri-
can Brass Founders' Association, was
in Detroit on March 4 and 5. He re-
ports that the membership of his organ-
ization has increased over 50 per cent,
during the past year. Mr. Corse is now
with the Lumen Bearing Co., of Buffalo,
and the new address should be noted
when writing him.

Richard Moldenke, secretary of the
American Foundrymen's Association, re-
turned from Europe on March 1, and
from this time on his whole energies will
be devoted to furthering the coming con-
vention.

Joseph J. Wilson, has recently accept-
ed the position of generl superintendent
of the foundry departments of the Gen-
eral Motors Co. Mr. Wilson is chairman
of the Plant Visitation Committee of
the convention, and is already planning
to give the delegates every opportunity
to visit the new and very up-to-date
foundries, which have done so much to

make Detroit a centre of the foundry
industry, especially relative to the auto-
mobile industry. He is conceded to be
the greatest authority to-day on the pro-
duction of auto engine cylinders in this
country, and the work of his committee
will doubtless prove lo be one of the
best educational features of the con-
vention. It is not too early for those de-
siring to visit certain particular plants,
to get into communication with Mr. Wil-
son, that he may make suitable prepara-
tions.

Boat Ride on Detroit River.

The boat ride on Detroit River and
Lake St. Clair will surely be one of the
most enjoyable features of the social part
nf the convention. The probability will
be that we will use the Ste. Claire, the-
new steamer of the Detroit, Belle Isle
& Windsor Ferry Co. This steamer will
go into commission just before the con-
vention opens, and she is the very lat-
est word in pleasure steamer construc-
tion. She will handle fully 4,000 people,
and no one will be crowded. The trip
will, last from late in the afternoon till
midnight, and good music, and something
good to eat will be provided by the com-
mittee. Ladies along, of course. Oliver
Phelps, resident manager of the M. A.
Hanna Co., has charge of this.

Incidentally, speakng of Detroit as a
foundry centre, there are 10 foundries
under construction here at the present
time. Three of them will be the largest
of their kind on the continent.

The local committee has already ar-
ranged for Postal and Western Union
wires into the exhibit, and for tele-
phones with a central switchboard and
amp'e operators. The Detroit Policje
Dept. furnishes the needed uniformed
men, and the Fire Dept. will station a
company on the grounds- to give the need-
fire protection. Electric apparatus will
be provided, to anticipate the needs of
those who desire to illustrate technical
papers in a proper manner.

The chairman of the convention ses-
ions committee, W. P. Putnam, who is
spending a few weeks in Arizona at this
time, is perfecting the most perfect ar-
rangements to assist those who desire
special features in their papers. Write

56

him at 1111 Union Trust Building for
at -ything wanted in this line.

James S. Keightley, supt. of ta". Great.
Lakes Engineering Works, is chairman of
the reception committee. He is so well
known for his genial smile and glad
hand, that the right kind of welcome is
assured for delegates.

Hotel Headquarters.

The local committee has establish-
ed headquarters at the Pontchartrain
Hotel. President Waterfall and Chair-
man Stephenson will be found at Par-
lor H, when they are not at the conven-
tion meetings.

The F. & M. S. Association will have
its headquarters at the Cadillac Hotel.
The American Foundrymen, the Brass
Founders and the local committee will
have headquarters at the Hotel Pont-
chartrain. The Foundry Foremen will
use the Griswold House as headquarters.
AH these hotels are located near to-
gether, and ample room will thus be
made for all. The Hotel Tuller, the
Metropole, the Wayne, the Ste. Claire,
and the Normandie all within a few
blocks of each other, will doubtless re-
ceive their quota of visitors.

The date of the convention is purpose-
ly arranged with the Detroit Convention
and Tourist Bureau so as to occur at
the lime when no other convention is in
Detroit, thus offering the best possible
accommodations to our delegates. Re-
membering the experiences of former
conventions, it is well to reserve rooms
at once, and be assured of a good place.
The phenomenal growth in the associa-
t:nns reported by the secretaries, point
to the largest convention in the history
of the organization.

N". K. B. Patch. Toronto, is chairman
of the committee on papers for the meet-
ing of the American Brass Founders
Association. He reports some very good
ones are already promised.

On Thursday evening, February 17,
at the association rooms in the Stevens
Ruilding, Henry M. Lane, editor of
"Castings," C'eveland, O., presented to
the Detroit Foundrymen's Association a
splendid paper on "Modern Metallurgy
and the Electric Furnace."

The development of the electric furn-
ace in recent years has made possible the
manufacture of an extensive line of
ferro-alloys, refractory materials, abra-
sives, and other products which are used
extensively in foundry practice. The

CANADIAN MACHINERY

speaker traced the history and develop-
ment of the electric furnace, noted the
different types used, their relative ad-
vantages, the uses of the different pro-
ducts in the foundry, and the field the
electric furnace is destined to occupy
in modern metallurgy.

In this connection reference was made
to a duplex process in which [be electric
furnace is used to finish or refine metal
melted in some other furnace. The lec-

tcchnical session of the convention also
claims a large interest for those attend-
ing. The commercial consideration
makes a very strong appeal, and it is
true that any exhibit that can show the
proprietor or superintendent how he can
save money is a first-class attraction.
The excellent work done by the Ameri-
can Foundrymen's Association with the
accumulative influence it has exerted has
been the exciting cause. The associa-

the cost per 100 lbs. for net, clean cast-
ings, without extra clerical force or
cost, or causing undue work for foundry
foreman, assistant, or cleaning room
foreman. This system is not perfect and
could be improved. To do so in our
case, would require more clerical force,
which would increase the non-producer
cost per 100 lbs. net, clean castings.
For instance, in case of a pulley with a
cracked arm that was to be remelted ;

VXlVf FOUNDRY REPORT,
(ioldens' Foundrv and Machine Co., Columbus, (la. nat«.

HM|

IU1«

ftamotr

el

tlumbtr
Celling*

Mtlj

PATTER* DESCRIPTION

PuUtil

■MM

Hanger

Slack*

Coup-
ling!

Can*

Mint

LuinniHt

Factor)

Agricul-
tural

■licti-
lantout

MMM

L**l

WtlgM

MM

Fig. 1. — Daily Foundry Report.

ture was illustrated with about fifty lan-
tern slides, and the speaker, also, had
on exhibition a large collection of elec-
tric furnace products, including ferro-
alloys, abrasives, refractory material and
pure metal, together with the materials
from which these products are made.
. . The above talk was one of the series
at the monthly meetings of the Detroit
Foundrymen's Association in the inter-
est of advancing the froundry's art.
The meetings have been remarkably well
attended both by the foundry executives
of the many foundries in Detroit, but
also the foundrymen within easy distance
from Detroit. The enormous advance of
the automobile industries here has led
to an eager seeking after the very lat-
est and up-to-date methods of produc-
tion on the part of the foundry-
men engaged in the manufacture
of brass, aluminum, gray iron, mall-
eable or steel castings. The in-
creasingly high standard of excellence
demanded by the purchasers of these
products has greatly stimulated the in-
dustries to meet this demand, and De-
troit is making castings of the various
metals, now, that equal or surpass any
made in the trade.

Every Foundryman Should Attend.

The week of June 6, Detroit will be
honored by the meeting here in conven-
tion of the American Foundrymen's As-
sociation, American Brass Foundrymen 's
Association, Foundry & Manufacturers'
Supply Association, and the Association
of Foundry Foremen. The fact that
something like five thousand foundry ex-
ecutives are coming from all sections
of the United States and Canada to
gather together at Detroit convention is
significant enough in itself. Unquestion-
ably the exhibit of mechanical equipment
on which so large an outlay is made, ac-
counts for the great outpouring, but the

tion has marked the lines of advance and
mechanical invention has met the need.
Large Exhibits.

Canadian Machinery has a letter from
C. E. Hoyt, Lewis Institute, Chicago, 111.,
secretary of the Foundry & Manufactur-
ers' Supply Association. Applications
for space have been received for an
amount in excess of that called for at
any previous convention.

Dr. Frank T. F. Stephenson, Detroit
Saw & Brazing Works, 12-14 West At-
water St., is the energetic chairman of
the general convention committee. In-
formation will be promptly supplied by
application to this address.

SUCCESSFUL FOUNDRY COST SYS-
TEM.*

* Read before Cincinnati Convention A.F.A.

By J. P. Golden, Columbus, Ga.
A practical simple cost system, suit-
able for foundries doing a business of
125,000 to 150,000 lbs., net, clean, me-

without inquiry, I wished to know why
it was to be made over, and by whom
returned. The system referred to covers
this case, also by whom the pulley was
made, the time taken in making, weight
of pulley, to whom sold, cause of crack,
etc. These records are all accessible to
both superintendent and foundry fore-,
man under this system.

In the event of a molder asking for a
raise, the system shows either the su-
perintendent or foreman what class of
work the man has been working upon,
his record, his present pay, whether by
hour or piece, and the number of pieces
los.t, as well as the weight molded, also
the means of comparing the wages and
output of one man with another.

I also wished to have a method where-
by the foundry foreman could see ex-
actly what each department was do-
ing, to allow him to correct any bad
practice that he might control, so far
as rested with him.

I wished also to know at a glance

F AMPLE OF ENTRY.

Date
Returned

By Whom
Returned.

Description

Cause

Whose Fault

Weight.

Apr. 26, '09

Our Men. Shop

1 S. B. Pulley

36 X 8— 21TS

in. bore.

Bored

too large

Mch. Shop

240 pounds

Apr. 29, '09

Our Mch. Shop

1 Split Pulley

24 x6 2,3a

in. bore.

Broke

lug in
splitting

Mch. Shop

120 pounds

May 3. *<>9

Customer

1 2 Gear Cast- Cored too
ings P. 2. (large

Foundry.

14 pounds

May 5, '09

Foundry

1 D. B. Pulley Blow hole
36 x 8 — 2\%' in face

Foundry.

260 pounds

in. bore.

Fig. 2. — Defective Castings Record.

dium, and light grey iron castings per
week, with an approximate force of
75 to 100 men.

My object in devising the following
9ystem, was to enable me to have a
ready means of reference and compari-
son in the several foundry departments
at all times, and incidentally to lower

57

what the cost per hundred lbs. for clean
castings was for last week, or last
year, or the average for- a year. How
many pounds net clean castings were
made in any week, or the average for a
year, with the per cent, loss for bad
castings. As to wage cost alone for
100 lbs. for any week, or yearly avejr-

age. What the cost per hundred lbs.
was for either the non-producers, rumbl-
ing department, molding department,
core shop, day or night cleaning gangs.

I also wished to separate the different
kinds of castings into classes, with cur-
rent prices for these castings, for both
our shop and customer, so that having
the approximate cash value of castings,
and deducting therefrom the cost of
pig, scrap and coke, wages, and fixed
expense per 100 lbs. clean net castings,
f"wr>uld be able to find the approximate
cash profit per week.

After a satisfactory trial of the fol-
lowing system for nearly two years,
without extra clerical force or cost,
(the weekly report being made up in the
unoccupied time of a draftsman), it has
occurred to me that there might be
other members of the association to
whom my system might be of interest;
therefore, I have submitted this paper.
Daily Cupola Report.

The system consists of, first : a daily
cupola report, Fig. 1, the printed form
having column for charge, number
pounds coke and brand, pounds pig
iron and brand, and per cent, silicon
and sulphur, scrap, foreign and returns,
and total charge, also lines for weekly
totals for use in weekly report. Ratio
of coke to iron. Time started blast.
Time dropped bottom. Average blast
pressure. Per cent, sulphur in heat. Per

CANADIAN MACHINERY

cent, silicon in heat. Remarks. With
each sheet signed by foreman.
Daily Foundry Report.

Second : the Daily Foundry Report,
which is made up by the rumbling room
foreman. This report consists of a
sheet, with columns for name of molder,
hour or piece rate, number of molds,
number castings, time of helper, pat-
tern description, with columns for
weights of the various classes of work,
as pulleys, sheaves, hangers, hanger
boxes, pillow blocks, couplings, cane
mills, factories, miscellaneous, etc. Also
column for number of pieces lost, total
weight of each kind of piece lost, and
a cause column for same, showing if it
did not run, if was crushed, blowed, or
whatever cause of defect. There is a
line at bottom of sheet for weekly
totals, to be used in weekly report. The
daily foundry report furnishes a ready
means of comparison of each molder's
record, with his own, or with other
molders, as to quantity of good cast-
ings, castings lost, weight and cost of
same. This report also shows the
amount of good and bad eastings for
each day, in each class, with the weekly
total for each.

Defective Castings.

Third : there is a book for defective
and other castings returned from shop
and customers, Fig. 2, in which is the
following rule :

"All castings returned by machine
shop customers, before being made over,
must be entered in this book, giving
cause for making over. Castings re-
turned to foundry from shop or cus-
tomers, through no fault of foundry,
must not be deducted from net foundry
castings, and should be considered as
foreign scrap. If fault of foundry, they
are charged back to foundry and are
considered as foundry return scrap."

This book has columns for showing
date returned, by whom, description,
cause and weight. Without this book,
there could be returned defective cast
ings, which was the foundry's fault and
made over without the superintendent's
knowledge. With the "to be made
over" casting book, all castings return-
ed are specified therein. If the fault oE
the machine shop, it is so stated. If
returned from customers, this is noted,
with date, description, cause and
weight. No casting is made over with-
out being recorded in this book. This
book being always open to superinten-
dent and foreman, saves inquiries and
explanations. Possibly a few examples
here will make the value of this book
plainer. For example : the superinten-
dent upon examination of this book.
finds a record of a split pulley 36 inches
x 12 inches — 2| inch bore, lug broken
off in machine shop in splitting, or a
record of a pulley 24 inches x 8 inches

WEEKLY FOUNDRY REPORT.

GOLDENS' FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO.

COLUMBUS, GA

FOR Week ending Fmioay.

19

I'idleje

Sheave*

Ilang-
en

Hanger IMh-ar
Box** 1 Blocka

[

Coup-

1 in Hi

Cane

Mills

Urn-

niiia

Factory

Agricul-
tural

Miacet- | Trial
laneoui ' Weight

Hail imslinjts returned Irom foundry

To'nl |M>iindn pood callings made

IVbciive MUnf retutned/roiii >\vp anil LU-loimrs

Krtflnd<artlaa»for«c*k To**l «n«nHrt ( 1

Average per rent, of fast

IK. lont.

1

I

Total [■omul- pit' and foreign Krap charged in cupola

CUPOLA CHARGC.

N^t E""! ' a-lin«« for »wa

Kemaiude;

Pun mis diu iron f4

per hundred I

Pounds forcian acrap (■«

pounds net castiwrel t

Per cent, lean in ren-elt, cupola dropping, gangways, etc.

Total Wttfea I

Total melt

Tola!

1

Net g'>od ra»ffri|:e

Material com per hundred

1"

nils net cjwtino?* made a* r«*r sheet

f

lYr cent, bad caslinga, gates, etc.. of total - >elt

I nrluding foreign wrap, relurna and pig

Total cost per hundred pounda net castings made as per sheet

PROPORTIONATE WAGE COST PER HUNDRED POUNDS IN DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS

NO NON- PRODUCERS

WAGES

NO

MOLDING DEPARTMENT

WAGES

Foundry Foreman

1

Muhh-ts (While)

*

1 Warn cost per

Foondfv Assistant

Helpers (While)

( hundred pounda

'i

Pulley man

Helper. (RlacYl

* w.o-,.

Crane nan

Total $

W a ires rout per

CORE SHOP

| Wage* coet per |
j* hundred pounda j~ I
J net casting*.

hundred pounda i |

Oirtola tender

t upol> helper*

Cjrpcntew

NIGHT CLEANING GANG

Total |

1

Headman

|

Wan*"* cost per

Men

hundred round-

u

NO.

RUMBLING DEPARTMENT

WAGE!

Total I

ml ca>ii..Ke.

!

riMMMi

1

AmMim

\ hundred u-mids/

Mo

DAY CLEANING GANG

Mm

1 — t ...nTt. I

Wag re «*l per

T,»i*l 1

rhlfilird llcvllfll \

hundred aantHk

!

_ _ and ready l,tli\u. '

TV...I t

ntAOHtint

GRAND TOTAL WAGE COST PER HUNDRED POUNDS S

Fig. 3.— Weekly Foundry Report.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

— 2 inch bore, bored too large in ma-
chine shop. These cases would not be
through any fault of foundry and the
weights would not be deducted there-
from. The castings would be consider-
ed as foreign scrap. If the record show-
ed a pulley 12 inches x 4 inches — 1 7-16
inch, bore, with dirty face, or 12 gears
returned by a customer, from no fault,
except in excess of the order, or 25 J.
I. Castings returning by customer with
too large cores. These latter three
cases would be the fault of the foundry,
and the weights would be deducted from
clean net castings for the week in which
they were recorded, and considered as
return foundry scrap.

Weekly Foundry Report.
Fourth : the Weekly Foundry Report
Sheet. Fig. 3. This sheet is made up
from the daily foundry report, and cu-
pola sheets and the book (to be made
over castings). On this sheet, provi
sion is made for record of bad castings
returned from foundry, shop or cus-
tomer, by classes, as well as the good
castings made. The total of good cast-

divided by the net good castings, gives
the cost per 100 lbs. net castings, in-
cluding pig iron, scrap, coke, wages.
Non-producers.
The weekly report also has separate
divisions for non-producers, rumbling
department, molding department, core
shop, day and night cleaning gangs, in
which the wages of each class of men in
each division are given separately, by
total, and the wage cost per hundred
lbs. For instance : in our own shop,
the non-producer division includes the
foreman, assistant foreman, pulley man,
craneman, the clerk (who is also rumbl-
ing room foreman), cupola tender, cu-
pola helpers, and carpenter, the separ-
ate wages per week of each being given,
the total of all, and the wages cost per
100 lbs. net castings. The weekly re-
port also embodies the grand total
wages cost per 100 lbs. and this is the
most important item, for both foreman
and superintendent, for this item is one
which the foreman can control to the
greatest extent, and which speaks the
loudest in favor of the system.

eluding pig iron, scrap, coke, and wages,
the wage cost per 100 lbs. in the non-
producers, rumbling and molding de-
partments, also the core shop, day and
night cleaning gangs, with a column
for grand total wage cost per 100 lbs.

Both the superintendent and foreman
have access to the several reports, giv-
ing each the means of knowing the ac-
tual conditions in all departments on
the foundry at all times.

This system gives the foreman the
means of remedying a small or defective
output by the knowledge of the cause
producing it, and to place each molder
upon the class of work to which he is
best fitted to increase the general out-
put.

It is an encouragement for a good
foreman to know that every gain in his
record is brought to the attention of
the superintendent, and should he be a
little careless at times, he knows that
the report will show it, and he is more
apt to avoid a bad report. Moreover,
it sets a pace for him to keep up to so
if the production is a little light the

COMPARISON OP PER CENTS. WAGES COST PER HUNDRED POUNDS. <£c. IN DIFFERENT
DEPARTMENTS OP FOUNDRY. FROM WEEKLY FOUNDRY REPORTS.

WIDENS- KMj*ffl«Y
4 ItUCT* CO.

1.1 (*.4

asdOU Ur

Nr MIL

(tiiitft

ta Mil

hi ""'■
■11111(1

lillff

12|1 Mt

hr«tL t

llf . kM

Nr oil

tocsin*

tori

Ftr ctiL
•iiti>(>

Nr OBI.

Loan u>

< (1111(4

titlir j

Ptr oil

•f.iciilio.

Nt (lit.

tu oil.

at. mm,

tt .fUtoi

C nun

tail. Hi

i»(. is-

tH.Jll(

■n* »k>*

•oval tn

■..:■■■ I(

ciiff. 4

f.»«J to

itifctr j*

ptnntol.
»»r It*

C.r. ....

"Iff «£'

■»JM (Ml

•<r lit

MftJIIjl

• tl IV*

fill 1«

Crul UUl

—

Fig. 4. — Weekly Summary Giving Percentage Comparisons

ings minus defective castings gives net
good castings for week. The average
per cent, of all castings lost is given,
with the per cent, loss in each class,
with the total pounds pig and foreign
scrap charged in cupola, and the net
good castings deducted therefrom, we
find the per cent, lost in remelt, cupola
droppings, gang-ways, etc. This loss is
apt to deceive one, for where the foun-
dryman would estimate a loss of 3 to
5 per cent, on a certain class of work,
he might overlook the fact that he had
not taken into consideration the re-
melting loss of gates. For instance : if
upon exceedingly light work with 25 to
10 per cent, gates, the loss from con-
tinued remelting etc. might run as high
as 8 p.c. or 10 per cent. The weekly
foundry report also has a record of total
melt taken from daily cupola sheet,
which with net good castings deducted
gives per cent, bad castings, gates, etc.
of total melt, including foreign scrap,
returns and pig. In a division headed
cupola charge, is given the number oE
pounds pig iron, foreign scrap and coke,
with current price of each and total
cost per week. To these amounts are
added the total wages, giving a total
of material and wages for week, which

It may be of interest to the members
of the association to know that since
the adoption of this system, nearly two
years ago, each period of six months'
average records, have shown a decided
decrease in the wages cost per 100 lbs.,
amounting to nearly 20 per cent, since
adopting the system.

In connecting with the weekly report
is a detailed report of the pounds of
good castings, to whom sold or charg-
ed, and price for each lot, and from
this sheet -is prepared on the back of
the weekly report, a statement giving
the estimated profit or loss for week.

And lastly, there is a ready reference
sheet (headed Comparison of Per Cents.
Wages Cost per 100 lbs. in different de-
partments of foundry from weekly
foundry report) giving the comparison
by weeks and the average comparison
at the end of each year of the following
items after date. Net good castings for
week, castings killed in machine shop,
with columns for the per cent, loss of
each of the several classes of castings,
each class in a separate column, gives
a ready means of comparison in that
class for all of its weeks.

There are also columns for the cost
per week per 100 lbs. net castings, in-

59

first part of the week he can often turn
out a little more the last part to keep
up the production.

Also in the case of a change in fore-
man, not only does the superintendent
have his judgment to base the worth of
the new man upon, but the records
themselves show' the standing of the
new man in comparis6n with the old, in
the average wage cost per hundred lbs.
net clean castings under similar condi-
tions.

The system also furnishes a basis for
closer estimates than formerly, upon
work a little out of the usual run, by
knowing exactly what prices can be ac-
cepted for the regular work. The foun-
dry foreman ;n this case is allowed
nominal control of the foundry, hiring
and discharging his men, fixing their
wages, and increases in pay for his men
are by his recommendations, subject to
approval of superintendent.

As the system consists simply of a
set of forms which can be cheaply pro-
cured from any printer, which forms
are filled in each week, those of the
members who are interested, may get a
clearer idea of this system by referring
to the sample forms which I have at
your disposal.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

The G.T.R. will build new engine shops at
Brockville.

The Montreal Steel Works will erect a foundry
at Montreal.

The C.P.R. will erect a new machine shop at
Calgary to cost $20,000.

The Regina Machine and Iron Works Co. will
erect a foundry to cost $5,000.

The Don Iron Works. Toronto, including all
machinery, has been completely destroyed by
Bre.

The Down Draft Furnace Co.. Gait, is running
on double shifts, owing to the large number of
orders received.

The machine shop of tne Schofield-Holden Ma-
chine Co.. Toronto, was damaged by fire to the
extent of $1,000.

Work on the Port Arthur Steel & Wagon
Works plant will soon be started. It will have
a big foundry attached.

The Bergmann Electrical Works. of Berlin.
Germany, are considering the location of a
branch industry at Montreal.

The Parker Foundry Co.. Montreal, have been
authorized by the Dominion Government to in-
crease their capital from $25,000 to $100,000.

Fire did about $5,000 damage in the furnace
room af the premises of William Coulter &
Son's brass works, 155 George Street. Toronto,
recently.

The annual meeting of the Montreal Steel
Works was held at Montreal, about the middle
of March. The net earnings for the year 1909
show that the company had a most successful
year.

A disastrous Are broke out on March 18th
in the premises of Valentine ft Martin, Wa-
terloo, shoe manufacturers. The interior was
gutted. The loss will be about $30,000. which is
partially covered by insurance.

The St. Thomas city council has closed a deal
to loan C. Norsworthy ft Co.. foundrymen. $10.-
1)00 for fifteen years, without interest, to enable
the company to take over the manufacture of
the Howard furnaces, now made in Berlin. They
agree to employ fifty hands at the outset.

The McBrien Mfg. Co.'s nail and tack factory
at Toronto, was damaged by fire on March 7,
to the extent of $1,000. and the machinery, etc.,
to the extent of $5,500. The loss is only par-
tially covered by insurance. It will be some
time before the plant can be operated again.

Shurly ft Dietrich. Gait, the largest saw
manufacturers in Canada, have dissolved part-
nership, C. J. Shurly retiring. The business
will be carried on by J. C. Dietrich forming a
joint stock company, with increased capital.
Included in the transfer are the iron and brass
bedstead works and the R. H. Smith Saw
Works. St. Catharines.

Brent. Noxon ft Co.. Toronto are placing the
bonds of the Standard Drain Pipe Co.. of St.
•lohn. P. Q.. on the market. Among the tines
manufactured are chimney tops, fire bricks, lo-
comotive arch bricks, chimney fire proof linings,
and all kinds of vitrified clay and fire clay pro-
ducts. The output of the two factories at St.
John, P. Q.. and New Glasgow. N.S., amounts
to 2.000 carloads per annum.

Tenders addressed to the Commissioners of the
Transcontinental Railway. Ottawa, will be re-

ceived until April 12 for the following : Ma-
chines and tools ; leather belting ; shafting,
hangers, steel frame work, etc. : miscellaneous
equipment, industrial track and lockers ; mo-
tors ; furnaces and forges ; cranes ; air com-
pressors ; grey iron foundry equipment and brass
foundry equipment.

In a recent issue we referred to the Canadian
Crocker Wheeler Co.. Montreal, locating in St.
Catharines. They have purchased a site of 8
acres, on which are practically new buildings
having a floor space of about 30.000 sq. ft. The
company is installing in these buildings tools
and equipment for the manufacture of electrical
apparatus. It is understood that all the neces-
sary equipment has not yet been purchased.

A disastrous fire occurred near Campbellcroft.
in Hope township, on March 16th. when a
large frame barn, owned, it is said, by the To-
ronto Loan & Savings Co.. was destroyed. Mr.
Stewart Dean, who is going west, had just va-
cated the farm, and Mr. Thomas Worr was
moving in and had placed a couple of loads of
hay and other feed in the barn. He first notic-
ed flames bursting from the upper part of the
barn, and after considerable trouble managed to
get his horses out.

At the annual meeting of the shareholders of
T. McAvity & Sons, foundrymen. St. John. T.
McAvity, president of the board of directors re-
tired from that post and G. McAvity was elected
in his stead. J. A. McAvity was made vice-
president and J. W. McAvity succeeds his lather,
the late J. H. McAvity. as a member of the
board. C. Caster was elected secretary. One of
the matters discussed at the meeting was the
future of the company's iron foundry, which it
has been stated might be removed to the west.
An offer from Port Arthur has been under con-
sideration for some time, and another came
more recently from Montreal, while Toronto has
also been considered. No decision has yet been
reached in the matter, and the directors will
make a report at a later date.

Electrical Notes.

Summerside, P.E.I. , will instal a new street
lighting system.

The work of installing the new pump at Fen-
elon Falls has been completed.

The Sackville, N.B., Electric Light Company
inaugurated its system of electric power early
in March.

The Toronto Electric Light Co. has installed
a large steam turbine as an addition to its pre-
sent steam reserve.

The Canadian-British Insulated, of Montreal,
have been awarded the contract for the cable
for the electric power plant at Toronto.

The Railway Committee has passed the Mont
real Central Terminal bill with the elimination
of clauses authorizing the acquisition of light-
ing and power companies.

The necessity of enlarging the electrical plant
at Victoria to permit of increased service in
street lighting is being considered by the elec-
tric light committee of the council.

A year from now the Electrical Development
Co., Toronto, will increase the capacity of their
plant from 50.000 to 85,000 horse-power. Orders
for three machines were given some time ago.

The Canadian Westinghouse company's tender
for equipment for the power terminal station at
Winnipeg, was recommended by the board of

6o

control for acceptance. The price of the tender
is $116,500.

The following contracts for transformers were
awarded by the Toronto city council : Canadian
General Electric Co., $8,800 ; Canadian Westing-
house Co., $5,430 ; Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, $12.-
670.

The Dufferin Light & Power Co. has purchased
the Shelburne and Orangeville lighting plants
and a water power at Homing's Mills capable of
developing 1,000 h.p., which it intends develop-
ing the coming summer.

The following were the tenders received for the
full equipment for the installation of Niagara
power at St. Thomas : Canadian General Elec-
tric Co., $19,050 ; Lancashire Dynamo & Motor
Co., $18,447, and the Canadian Westinghouse Co.,
$18,170.

The Campbell Lumber Co. . Weymouth Bridge.
N.S., are contemplating the installation of an
electric plant at the Upper Site, known as Sis-
siboo Falls, to generate electricity for their
lower pulp mill, as well as lighting the neigh-
boring towns.

The following are included in the supplement-
ary estimates of the Ontario Provincial Trea-
surer : Electric plant, Hamilton Asylum, $12,-
000 ; electric plant, London Asylum. $25,000 :
electric plant, Ontario Agricultural College,
Guelph, $15,000.

The Erindale Power Co.. Erindale, Ont.. sus-
tained a loss of $1,200 by an unexpected flow of
ice which rushed down upon their new dam on
the Credit River at Erindale. The ice made a
gap in the centre of the dam about 75 feet in
length. The damage was repaired.

C. H. Mitchell, of Mitchell & Mitchell, consult-
ing engineers, Toronto, has reported favorably
on La Colle Falls, neat Prince Albert, Sask., aB
a site for power development. The proposed
plans call for a canal a mile long and a dam
across the river 750 feet in length.

A. W. E. Fawkes is inspecting two power sites
in the vicinity of Montreal, one where 40,000
horsepower can be developed at a cost of $200,-
000 and another where from 10,000 to 12.000
horsepower can be developed at a probable cost
of $150,000. for additional sources of power for
Montreal's lighting system.

The year 1910 promises to be one of rapid ex-
tensions for the Ontario Power Co., of Niagara
Falls. General Greene, vice-president of the
company, outlined the programme about the 1st
of March, which includes the immediate installa-
tion of a second 18-foot conduit tube, and the ex-
cavation of rock for the third and final tube.

Some of the recent contracts closed by the
Canadian General Electric Co., Toronto, are
witli the Electrical Development Co.. of Ontario.
who are duplicating their output at Niagara
Falls, this order calling for three enormous gen-
erators of 15.000 horsepower each, which estab-
lishes a world's record for size of individual
units. The Ontario Power Companies* order
called for three generators of 12.500 horsepower
each.

Municipal Enterprises.

Aldermere. B.C., will construct a waterworks
plant.

The council of Medicine Hat. Alta., will spend
over $60,000 in extending the sewerage system.

F- W. Murdoch, city engineer, of St. John.
has been instructed to prepare plans and estim-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ates of cost for the renewal of pipes in the
water distribution system. He will also prepare
a report on the matter of additional hydrants.

Ladner. B.C.. south of Vancouver, is securing
plans for a new water Bystem. to cost $125,000.

Winnipeg will call for tenders for 2.500 feet ol
water pipe, also for 150 valves and 50 hydrants.

City Engineer Childs, of Calgary, is preparing
plans for a trunk sewer and septic tanks to
cost $800,000.

The New Glasgow. N.S., city council is again
considering plans for increased water supply at
an estimated cost of $175,000.

The following by-laws will be voted on at Re-
gina, Sask. ; sewerage and waterworks exten-
sions, $10,000 : exhibition buildings. $25,000 ; mar-
ket house, $16,000.

The municipality of High River, Alta.. will
apply to the Provincial Government for power
to borrow $125,000, required for the construction
of waterworks and sewerage systems.

Tenders addressed to the chairman of the
Winnipeg-Board of Control will be received un-
til April 4. for supply of cast iron water pipe,
valves and hydrants for extension of the water-
works system.

City Engineer Ker, of Ottawa, has prepared
the following estimates : sewer main. $5,000 :
waterworks, old aqueduct, (renewing piers). $4,-
000 ; renewing old services, etc., $10,000 ; laying
new services, $15,000 j renewing and repairs to
hydrants. $3,500.

Tenders were accepted by the Water Commit-
tee at Vancouver, for brass and water pipe fit-
tings and upwards of 65.000 feet of galvanized
water pipe. The successful bidder in the former
was Crane & Co., at $3,356.50, while A. J. For-
syth secured the latter at $2,622.50.

The Toronto Board of Control awarded the
contract for the construction of the outfall
sewer, in connection with the sewage disposal
works to F. H. Dickenson, Hamilton, for $125,-
504. The Canada Foundry will supply the spe-
cial castings needed in connection with the
plant.

The contracts for the equipment of the pump-
house at London were awarded to the following :
turbine pumps, J. McDougall & Co., Montreal,
$5,640 ; motors, dynamos, etc.. Lancashire Dyna-
mo and Motor Co.. Manchester, England, $11.-
032 ; compressors and gas engines, G. H. & H.
J. Daniels, Stroud, England.

Sealed tenders will be received until noon on
Wednesday, April 6th. 1910, for the building of
concrete abutments and floor for a steel bridge
to be erected over the Sydenham River between
the Townships of Moore and Sombra. Plans and
specifications can be seen at the office of the un-
dersigned, and also at the office of Bell & Mc-
Cubbin, Civil Engineers, St. Thomas. T. H.
Holmes. Colinville, Ont.. Neil McGugan, Wilkes-
port, Ont.

Sealed tenders will be received by the Weston
Village clerk until 8 p.m. on Monday. April 18.
1910. for the following works :— Contract "B"—
Pump house ; contract "F" — Mechanical water
filters ; contract "G" — Electrically operated
pumping machinery. Plans and specifications
may be seen at the office of the Chief Engineer.
Mail Building. Toronto, or at the town hall.
Weston. J. H. Taylor. Esq., clerk, Weston, Ont.
Willis Chipman. Chief Engineer. 204 Mail Build-
ing. Toronto, Ont.

S.-.tk'd tenders will be received by the Secre-
tary-Treasurer of the town of North Battlcford
until 8 p.m. on Tuesday, April 19th, 1910. for
the following works : — Contract "A" — Pipelaying.
waterworks, and sewers : contract "D" — Cast
iron water pipes ; contract "E" — Fire hydrants,
vales, etc. ; contract "L" — Concrete reservoir :
contract "X" — Sewage disposal works. Plans
and specifications may be seen at the office of
the Chief Engineer. Winnipeg and Toronto and
at the town hall. North Battleford. S. Cook-

son, Secretary-Treasurer, North Battleford,
Sask., Willis Chipman, C.E., Chief Engineer.
Winnipeg and Toronto.

Sealed tenders will be received by the secre-
tary-treasurer of the town of Weyburn, until 8
p.m. on Wednesday, April 27th, 1910. for the fol-
lowing works : — Contract "A" — Pipelaying on the
sewerage system ; contract "Bl" — Water works
pump house ; contract "B2" — Power house ; con-
tract "F" — Mechanical water filters ; contract
"G" — Water works pumping machinery : contract
"S" — Sewer pipes ; contract "W" — Furnishing
wooden stave pipes ; contract "X" — Sewage dis-
posal works. Plans and specifications may be
seen at the office of the Chief Engineer. Toronto
and Winnipeg, and at the town hall. Weyburn.
Geo. Ross, Esq., secretary-treasurer, Weyburn.
Sask. Willis Chipman. C.E.. Chief Engineer,
Winnipeg and Toronto.

Sealed tenders will be received up to 12 o'clock
noon, on Wednesday. April 6th, for the follow-
ing : — (A) All works required in connection with
construction of abutments to bridge at M. P.
48.91. Tenders to be marked on the envelope,
"Tender for Abutments." (B) All the works re-
quired in connection with construction of sub-
structure of steel trestle for Wabis River, M.P.
119.13. Tenders to be marked on envelope,
"Tender for Substructure of Steel Trestle
Spans." Plans and specifications may be seen,
and forms of tender procured, at the office ol
the Secretary-Treasurer. 55 Toronto Street, To-
ronto, and at the office of the Chief Engineer,
North Bay. A. J. McGee, Secretary-Treasurer,
of Temiskaming & Northern Ontario Ry.. 25 To-
ronto Street, Toronto.

Structural Steel.

The Collingwood. Ont., council is considering
a $10,000 bridge by-law.

County Engineer Bell is preparing plans for
the construction of a steel and concrete bridge
at St. Thomas.

Work on the construction of the C.P.R. bridge
at Fort William is to start as. soon as the ne-
cessary order is secured from the Dominion
Railway Board.

The contract for the construction of a steel
viaduct over the North Wabie river has been
awarded - to the Hamilton Bridge Co. by the
Commission of the T. & N. 0. Railway.

The Bank of Montreal have awarded to the
Dominion Bridge Co.. Montreal and Winnipeg, the
contract for steel and iron work on their new
building at Winnipeg. Between 600 and 700 tons
will be used.

The contracts ior reinforcing steel and iron
stairways, etc., for the transformer station for
the Calgary Power & Transmission Co.. at Ex-
shaw, Alta., have been awarded to the Mani-
toba Bridge & Iron Works. Winnipeg.

The residents of Annacis Island, near New
Westminster, are anxious to secure a $40,000
bridge to connect their island with Lulu Island.

The*contract for the new superstructure for
Louise bridge, Winnipeg, has been awarded to
the Algoma Steel Bridge Co.. Winnipeg, at
$134,450.

The Canada Foundry Co., Toronto, is sending
a large amount of steel to British Columbia for
construction purposes. Eleven carloads are now
on the way, considerable of this to go into the
construction of the new eight-storey building to
be erected by the Canada Life Assurance Co..
at Vancouver. In addition, six carloads ol steel
are also to be sent here by the same company
to be used in the new transmission towers to be
erected by the B.C. Electric Railway Co., at
New Westminster.

The Manitoba Bridge and Iron Works, Win-
nipeg, have erected fire escapes on the Royal
Hotel. Fernie : Public School at Stony Mount-
ain, Man., and the St. Boniface Convent, St.
Boniface, Man. They also have contracts for the

6i

structural steel for the new Bank of Montreal.
Winnipeg : R. H. Williams* Departmental Store,
Regina : Winnipeg Veterinary Hospital, and tbe
new Union Station. Fort William, also for the
iron and steel for four combination span bridges
at Shellmouth and Russell. Man., and the new
bridge over the railway tracks at Saskatoon.

Planing Mill News.

P. A. Paulson is erecting a $100,000 sawmill at
Kitchener, B.C.

Construction has begun on the Joyce sawmill.
six miles from Quesnel, B.C.

McMaster Bros., of Kemptville, Ont.. are erect-
ing a $20,000 saw mill near Aylmer, Que.

The sawmill of J. H. Gignac & Co., at Quebec.
was damaged recently to the extent of about
$70,000.

The planing mill of Madden Bros. & Brown, at
Toronto, was damaged by fire to the extent of
$8,000 on March 14.

The planing mill and residence of Treffle Ber-
geron, at Murray Bay, Que., were destroyed by
fire recently. Total estimated loss. $70,000. Mill
and residence will be built at once.

The Guelph Patent Cask Co., Woking. England,
bought out the timber limits and other pro-
perty of the Great Northern Lumber Co., Scots-
town, P. Q. The deal involves several thousand
acres of lumber limits, besides several large
mills. The company will start operations soon.

The new woodworking factory at St. John,
which is to take the place of the one owned by
A. E. Hamilton and destroyed by fire a few
weeks ago is almost completed and Mr. Hamil-
ton is again working on the contracts which
were held up on account of the fire. The re-or-
ganized company has a capital of $50,000.

General Manufacturing News.

The Oblate Fathers will build a printing office
at Winnipeg.

A number of St. John men are seriously con-
sidering a project for establishing an automobile
factory at that place. Geo. Fleming, one of the
proprietors ol the Phoenix Foundry, is said to
be one of the most active promoters of the
scheme.

The contract for the construction of the WeBt-
ern Dry-dock and Shipbuilding Co.'s plant. Port
Arthur, Ont., has been awarded to the Canadian
Stewart Co., of that city. The cost of the
whole will be upwards of $1,000,000. The com-
pany has the assurance of two big steel freight-
ers to build when the plant is completed.

Building Operations.

A new high school -will be erected at Victoria.

A general hospital will be erected at Prince-
ton, B.C.

Methodists of Regina will establish a college to
cost $250,000.

A now general hospital will be erected at
Smith's Falls.

The Winnipeg school board will erect a school
to cost $80,000.

The Holland Varnish Co. will erect a new fac-
tory at Montreal.

An. isolation hospital will be erected near
Grand Forks, B.C.*

George Weston will erect a four-storey biscuit
bakery at Toronto.

- The Dominion Government will erect a drill
hall at Fernie, B.C.

J. H. Todd is to spend about $40,000 on a
building at Victoria.

The Great West Saddlery Co. will erect a fac-
tory at St. John, N.B.

The reconstruction of Manitoba's legislative
buildings will cost $400,000.

The Dowsley Spring & Axle Co.. Chatham, will
extend their plant this year.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Catholics of North Sydney, N.S.. will erect a
church to cost $18,397.

A new and up-to-date opera house will be
erected at Brockville. Ont.

The Presbyterians ol Vancouver will erect a
uew church on Pender Avenue.

Walker. Parker Co. will erect four-storey brick
addition to factory at Toronto.

An office building will be erected on the Bancr
block, Vancouver, to cost $225,000.

The Ottawa Vacuum Cleaner Co., contem
plate locating at Brockville, Ont.

The Urban Mutual Insurance Co. will erect an
office building at Portage la Prairie.

A new armory and post office will be erected
at Strathcona. Alta.. to cost $200,000.

Bonar Presbyterian congregation will erect a
new church at Toronto to cost $38,000.

An undenominational residential college will be
erected at Moose Jaw, to cost $300,000.

Toronto Showcase Co. will erect a two-storey
brick factory at Toronto to cost $32,000.

Lever Bros., Toronto, will build an addition
to their factory at that place, to cost Sd/1,000.

The contract for a new school at Stratford
has been awarded to Wilson & Wilson for $68.-
000.

C. P. Walker, of Winnipeg, will erect modern
theatres at Winnipeg, Fort William and Saska-
toon.

A mammoth department store is to be erected
by the Marshall Field Co.. of Chicago, at Win-
nipeg.

D. R. Smith, of Boston, is considering the
erection of a hotel at Kingston to cost not less
than $250,000.

The Parisian Laundry will build a three-storey
brick addition to their laundry at Toronto, to
cost $11,000.

Wilson & Wilson, of Regina, were awarded the
contract for the new public school at that place
to cost $68,750.

Tenders are being called for the new $100,000
twelve-roomed school to be erected by the Ed-
monton Public School Board.

A. C. Hope has prepared plans for R. M. Ed-
gar for a new six-storey apartment house at
Vancouver. Estimated cost $175,000.

The Victoria Department of Public Works has
awarded the contract for an eight-room school
house to A. J. Prudhomme at $26,000.

The Dominion Office and Store Fitting Co.
will erect an addition to its factory at the cor-
ner of Dundas and Patrick Streets, London.

G. H. Archibald & Co. have been awarded the
contract for the construction of the plant of the
Western Canada Flour Mills Co.. at St. Boni-
face, Man.

The Geo. White & Son Co. will spend $50,-
000 on their plant at London. Permits have
been issued for two buildings to cost $40,000 and
$10,000.

Mason & McLeod will erect an apartment house
at Vancouver to cost $80,000. Another apart-
ment house will be erected by G. King at that
place to cost $25,000.

The City of Winnipeg is making an applica-
tion to legislature for an amendment to the
charter, so that $500,000 may be raised lor hos-
pital and morgue purposes.

Among the recommendations made by the Uni-
versity Commission at Winnipeg is one for the
establishment of an engineering college and a
college of domestic science.

The ratenayers of Saskatoon will vote on the
following by-laws : $100,000, hospital ; $9,000, col-
legiate institute ; $21,000 for completing civic
hospital and buildings for fair purposes.

Chatham is to have two automobile factories
The Swift Motor Car Co. and the Aiibert Co.,

both of Detroit, have concluded arrangements for
the location of their factories at that place.

Work has commenced on what will be the larg-
est building in Victoria. This is the eight-
storey block to be erected by J. A. Say ward,
on Douglas Street. The building will cost
$200,000.

The new naval college in connection with the
Government's naval scheme will be built at Ha-
lifax, and will cost $150,000. A barracks for the
staff and possibly an admiralty dockyard may
also be erected at that place.

The following building estimates have- been pre-
pared by the Toronto Board of Education :
Technical School. $100,000 : Oakwood High
School. $90,000 ; Frankland School, $60,000 : ad-
ditional to Humberside Avenue High School,
$40,000 : additions to Public Schools. $300,000 :
Manning Avenue School, $90,000. Total, $740,000.

Railway News.

The New Brunswick Legislature outlined a plan
to run an electric line from St. John. N.B., to
Quebec City across the State of Maine.

The Great Northern line from Orville, Wash.,
to Penticton. B.C., has been located. Forty
miles of road may be built this year.

Early this summer the Grand Trunk Pacific
Railway will take over the 1,200 miles of com-
pleted road between Winnipeg and Edmonton.

The contract for the construction of the G.
T.P. wharf at Vancouver has been awarded to
C. J. Johnson & Co., Vancouver and Seattle.

The Niagara Falls, Welland & Dunnville Elec-
tric Railway has been incorporated to build a
railway from Niagara Falls to Welland and
Dunnville.

A survey party of the C.P.R. has passed
through Watrous on a newly-proposed road be-
tween Regina and Prince Albert. Watrous is
named as a C.P.R. Divisional point.

J. N. Stewart & Son are reported to have se-
cured contracts from the Vancouver. Victoria &
Eastern Railway Co. for construction of two
sections of its line aggregating 18 and 51 miles
of track.

Application will be made to the New Bruns-
wick Legislature for the incorporation of the
Gibson & Minto Railway Co.. with a capital of
$y8.000 and authority to connect the New Bruns-
wick railway with the I.C.R. near Gibson.

New freight car shops, six stall addition to
Ignace engine house and several standard sec-
tion houses and station buildings on the Cen-
tral Division, C.P.R. will be erected this year.
Frank Lee, Winnipeg, Divisional Engineer.

Bids are asked by J. S. Dennis, assistant to
the second vice-president, C.P.R., Calgary, Al-
berta, until noon. May 1, for all excavation re-
quired to complete the canal system in the east-
ern section of the C.P.R. Co.'s irrigation block,
Alberta, amounting to upward of 25,000,000 cu.
yds. of material. Plans, specifications and all
other information may be seen at the offfbe of
the assistant chief engineer. Calgary, Alberta.

Railway construction tenders will be received
up to 12 o'clock noon. April 15. 1910, for the
clearing, grading and bridge work on the 31-mile
(more or less) section of the Algoma Central &
Hudson Bay Railway, between Hawk Lake Junc-
tion, Algoma Central & Hudson Bay Railway,
and Hobon, Canadian Pacific Railway. For
plans, specifications and details apply to C. N.
Coburn, Chief Engineer. Algoma Central & Hud-
ton Bay Railway, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., to
whom all tenders should be addressed.

New Companies.

Toronto Structural Steel Co., Toronto ; ca-
pital, $250,000 ; to buy, sell and manufacture
steel and iron. Incorporators, G. Grant. A.
Dods and M. MacDonald, Toronto.

62

Bebmina Consolidated Asbestos Co.. Montreal :
capital, $2,600,000 ; to mine, manufacture and
deal in asbestos. Incorporators. W. L. Bond, J.
J. Meagher, J. E. Coulin. Montreal.

B. J. Coghlin Co., Montreal ; capital $200,000 ;
to manufacture and deal in iron, steel and rail-
way supplies, etc. Incorporators. B. W. Coghlin,
G. R. Coghlin and N. J. Dowes, Montreal.

The Glidden Varnish Co.. Toronto ; capital
$100,000 ; to manufacture and deal in varnishes,
stains and paints, etc. Incorporators, W. S. Ed-
wards. J. F. McCarthy and J. Parker. Toronto.
Dominion Explosives, Ltd.. Ottawa ; capital,
$99,000 : to manufacture and deal in explosives,
powder, and ammunition of all kinds. Iocorporr
ators, J. Tamsden, N. Ross. H. G. Nicoll, Ot-
tawa.

Dominion Safe & Vault Co., Montreal : ca-
pital $525,000 ; to manufacture and deal in safes,
vaults and metallic furniture, etc. Incorporators
H. J. Fuller, W. McMaster and A. W. Wheatley,
all of Montreal.

The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Toronto ;
capital, $250,000 ; to manufacture and deal in all
kinds of rubber goods, etc. Incorporators, D. B.
Simpson. W. F. Stearns and N. Wilson. Bow-
manville, Ont.

J. W. Kilgour & Bro., Beauharnois. Que. ;
capital, $300,000 ; to manufacture and deal in fur-
niture, housefurnishings, beds, carpets, glass, etc.
Incorporators, J. W. Kilgour, J. Wilson. R. W.
Kilgour. Beauharnois.

Eastern Canada Steel and Iron Works. Que-
bec ; capital, $200,000 ; to manufacture and deal
in engines, machinery, implements and boilers.
Incorporators, C. Donohue, E. Duverger. both of
Montreal. L. H. Gaudry, Quebec.

A. A. Fournier. Ottawa : capital, $100,-000 j to
manufacture, buy, sell and deal in stoves, grates,
gas ranges, brass, copper, tip and galvanized
iron. Incorporators A. A. Fournier, W. L.
Jayner, F. D. Crowe. Ottawa.

H. A. Drury Co., Montreal : capital. $200,000 ;
to manufacture and deal in steel, iron, metals,
machinery, and contractors' supplies. Incorpor-
ators, H. A. Drury. Westmount, Que., C. L.
Drury. Toronto. F. A. McDonald, Montreal.

Victor Steel and Wood Products Co.. Walker-
ville, Ont. : capital, $40,000 ; to manufacture and
deal in show-cases, gasolene engines, trucks,
cars, and automobiles, etc. Incorporators, J. H.
Flinn, N. G. Begle and F. T. Chapman, Detroit.
A company with twenty million dollars capital
haB been organized at Montreal, under the name
of the Montreal Elevated and Underground Rail-
way Co., to build elevated and underground rail-
ways in the city and Island of Montreal.

The Wabi Iron Works Co.. New Liskeard. Ont. ;
capital. $40,000 : to carry on a general foundry
and machine shop business and to manufacture
and deal in iron, steel and metal, etc. Incor-
porators. F. L. Hutchinson. A. W. Summers, S.
Greenwood. New Liskeard.

National Glass, Ltd., Montreal ; capital, $45.-
000 ; to manufacture, buy and sell all kinds of
glass, paints, varnishes, dyes and other similar
articles. Incorporators, J. A. Dubois, W. Le-
febvre, both of St. Chrysostome, and E. C.
Frappier, Montreal.

Dominion Cement Co.. Montreal ; capital, $5,-
000,000 ; to mine, manufacture and deal in ce-
ment, stone, sand, plaster and all minerals, me-
tals, earths, etc. Incorporators, E. C. Eckel.
Washington. U.S.A.. G. W. MacDougall. F. Mac-
farlane. 0. A. Page. Montreal.

F. Pierpon Shaw, St. John ; Truman Beck-
with. of Providence. R. I. : Charles Rosenthal, of
Boston : Wm. G. Latz. of New Haven, and
Theodore T. Hazlewood, New York, have applied
to the Provincial Government for incorporation
as the Big Six Coal Co.. with a capitalization
of $2,000,000. The company propose to develop
the soft coal areas near Chlpman, N.B.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The Modern Railway Device Mfg. Co., Mont-
real : capital, $1,500,000 ; to manufacture and deal
in machinery or mechanical devices constructed
under such patents, railway track material,
steam or electric railway cars, metal goods of all
kinds, tools, implements, engines and boilers.
Incorporators, E. A. Bleakney, Ottawa. W. E.
Hamilton. H. R. Emmerson. both of Montreal.

The Crossen far Co.. Cobourg. Ont.. capital
$1,000,000 ; to manufacture and deal in locomo-
tives, motor trucks. traction engines, motor
cars, and to carry on the business of iron found-
ers, mechanical engineers and manufacturers of
all kinds of machinery, brass founders, metal
workers, boiler-makers, and machinists. Incor-
porators. A. Falconer, VVestmount, Que., M. A.
Phelan and H. Stevens, Montreal.

Trade Notes.

Ekins & Norris, of Richford, Vt., were awarded
the contract for the Catholic Church to be built
at Bedford. Que.

The Prentiss Vise Co., vise manufacturers, who
have been at 44 Barclay St., New York, for the
past twenty years, have moved into large and
commodious offices in the Hardware BIdg.. 106-
110 Lafayette St., New York.

Percy Woodward, of London, formerly employ-
ed at McC'lary's. the London Foundry' Co., and
Wortman & Ward's. has obtained a" patent at
Washington on a rotary engine which he has
been working at for five years.

Northern Engineering Works. Crane Builders.
Detroit, have been placing orders for new tools
and machinery consisting largely of lathes, gear
cutters and milling machines, etc.. for several
months past and the machinery is now being
installed.

The Wm. Hamilton Co.. Peterboro. have been
awarded a large contract by the Simcoe Rail-
way and Power Co., which includes the supply-
ing of penstocks, standpipes and the installing
of waterwheels and other portions of the plants,
that the company is constructing on the Severn
river.

On April 1st. the Tallman Brass & Metal Co..
Hamilton, will start to manufacture brass
finished goods. They are installing the latest
machinery for this line. Since moving to their
new plant last November they have doubled
their output in brass castings, arctic metal and
colder.

James L. McAvity, proprietor of McLean. Holt
& Co.. St. John, manufacturers of stoves and
Huttings and retail stove merchants, has been
gazetted colonel of the 62nd Regiment, succeeding
Col. M. B. Edwards, who has been retired to
the reserve staff. Col. McAvity plans to put the
regiment on a voluntary basis and make it one
of the crack militia forces of the Dominion.

Smart-Turner Machine Co., 191 Barton St..
Hamilton, have recently supplied pumps of va-
rious designs to the following : David Morton &
Sons. Hamilton ; i.opp Bros.. Locust Hill ■ Port
Colborne. for waterworks pumping station ;
Hudson Bay Co.. Edmonton ; Normal School
Toronto ; W. J. Finlay & Co.. Strathcona ; Pe-
troha Wagon Co.. Petrolia ; Canadian Hart
Wheel, Ltd.. Hamilton ; Sam. Lacaille. Nomi-
n.ngue. P. 0.; Midland Navigation Co.. Mid-
land ; Slingsby Co.. Brantford : Thompson &
Norris, Niagara Falls : Keenan Woodenware Mfg
<o.. Owen Sound ; Fowler's Canadian Co., Ha-
milton, and Miller Bros. Co.. Glen Miller. They
have supplied tumbling barrels to Laidlaw Bale
I> Co.. Hamilton, and to Canada Screw Co.
Hamilton. They have also supplied the King-
ston Shipbuilding Co.. with an independent jet
condenser.

Lordon Machine Tool Co.'s Calendar.

The London Machine Tool Co.. Hamilton, are
mailing a calendar for 1910. Each page contains
an illustration of one of their machine tools
the calendar forming a useful reference catalogue
as well.

* * *

Coal in North Ontario.

Twenty miles of coal territory has been lo-
cated along the Mctagama River in Northern
Ontario. The fields are 60 miles north of the
O.T.P. and west of Cochrane. The T.N. & 0. Ry.
will probably be continued to them from Coch-
rane.

« * *

"First Engineers" Calendar.

Allis-Chalmcrs-Bullock. Montreal, manufac-
turers of hydro-electric plants, etc., have issued
a 1910 edition of their "First Engineers" calendar
which received so much favorable comment a
year ago. This calendar shows two beavers at
work, the picture being appropriately named
'The First Engineers."

* * *

Sumner Iron Works.

Work is to be started on the immense plant of
the Sumner Iron Works in Burnaby municipality,
about ten miles southeast of Vancouver, where
a site comprising twenty acres has been secured.
The present name of the station on the com-
pany's property is Ardley, but it is the inten-
tion of the company to rename it Sumnerton. in
honor of the founder of the Sumner Iron Works
at Everett, Wash.

♦ * »

Tenders for Electric Light Plant.

Sealed tenders in duplicate, for boilers, en-
gines, condensers, pumps and piping, together
with electrical apparatus, for Prince Rupert.
B.C.. will be received by Thos. Dunn, chairman
of electric light committee. Prince Rupert. B.C.,
up to the noon of the 3rd ol May. 1910.

Plans and specifications and full particulars of
delivery, etc., can be obtained from the chair-
man of the electric light committee at Prince
Rupert, or from James Milne, consulting en-
gineer, Loo Building, Vancouver. B.C.
* * *

Ship Building Plant for Winnipeg.

The Doty Engine Works Co.. of Goderich, Ont..
has organized a branch at Winnipeg and has ap-
plied for a Manitoba charter. The site for a
shipbuilding yard has been obtained at the foot
of Water Street, and offices have been estab-
lished in the Bank of Hamilton building. In
connection with the shipyard, the company will
operate a machine shop and boiler shop for the
construction of the machinery required for build-
ing the steam craft. Several contracts have been
received for building steel steamers of the twin-
screw type. It is expected that the plant will
be operating before next fall.

* * *

Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co.

Lethbridge, Alberta.

The twentieth annual report of the Lethbridge.
Ub«rt». Board of Trade has been issued in
which the maoy improvements made in the city
m 1J09 are pointed out. C. G. K. Nourse is
president.

The 9th annual statement of the Nova
Scotia Steel & Coal Co., has been issued
by Robert E. Harris. President. The profits for
1909 amounted to $907,949. as compared with
S734.701.53 in 1908. The volume of business tran-
sacted by the company during the year shows a
substantial increase being in excess of any pre-
vious year. During 1909 extensions were made
to the mills at New Glasgow and further addi-
tions improvements and additions will be made
during 1910 to increase the output of finished
steel.

M

MACHINISTS, ATTENTION!

ACHINIST'S TOOL-CASE FREE to one man in
every shop .Address, with stamp, O. BURCH
(jfind R«pid«, Mich. (3)

Notice to Contractors

Tenders for Maohinery, Belt-
ing, Shafting, Cranes, Air
Compressors, etc.

S^ed ™NDERS. addressed to the under-
?«? m ??d marked o° the envelope 'Tender
thar Be tin^e-tT So" W 'Tender ,0^

April' 19lS; for :° Cl°Ck noon of the 12th *V of

(1) Machines and tools •

(2) Leather belting ;
m! S^0",'."8, hanBe',s. steel frame work etc

' ^ndTo'cke'rsT """^ -^ track

(5) Motors ;

(6) Furnaces and forges •

(7) Cranes j

(8) Air compressors •

<9) fm,rnTvir°n • foundry e1uiPment and brass
foundry equipment ■ mass

other^hops of* t^FT^ °\ the '"""motive and
ni^£^^-S,t-^

orTaildeof Th" hBt reCei.ved and considered for any
o'er d1 fr0oV)%o1TLriCnarsivaebOVe "* »S

offi^of^e C^^neer^t^ «" I-.th.
ei'S at Ottawa Mr n„.j 5, the Commission-
office of "thT District ^J'Tt^C* *"*
sioners at St. BoniiJ™^* 1°^

&ta.ftiVto,?Tm^w,^

at St. Boniface "Man " D'StriCt E"Bineer

thEaPahrtSdeto mhUeStteb^naenddaw?t„Ses^and £
«eCre°dmPbaankdof "the^D aCC6"ted *^ » " =»"
to tne order of uT"}?? "'• Canada' payable
Transcontinental Railway ?oT a'Z™ °' . the
temper cent. (10 per oS, 0fVe SunTo,' thl

& tsrxs. atrthe^piunrrtf r

re u^rtaoCt-beSPes?g„Ceadti0anndannd °J" d°~

tenors"* " reSerVed t0 "*«* ™y or all
By order,

P- E. RYAN.

SeCrettnreynta?Ran°way,.i88i0ner8 °' "" T~
Ottawa. 2nd March, 1910.

63

BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.

AP|AJJTJ h°ldinK<' '"te interest in • well-ett.b
lished prosperous machinery msnuf.cturlno ™m
panyonthe Pacific coast, wiTheV 10 di.ni.. Ti

This ,. . spltndid ooportu^r; .U"nves,me"„n,"foerm.";-
one wishing to get a start in a good Mud? lJJtilJSL
profitable business. in a young6, grow in" /ounfry"" J "Dl
pllcants who nonbusiness, musthaveatlea" "$20 00ft
are Invited to investigate. Write Box in? Am?1
DIAN MACHINERY, Toronto °2, C$A-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

I NFORMATION

about every conceivable subject finds its way into the newspapers. The function of
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80 Bay, St., Toronto, Ontaiio
Chas. L. Bailey, Agent.

Reid-Ne wfoundland Company
St. John's, Newfoundland.

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.
Montreal, Quebec
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.,
St. John, New Brunswick

WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

We want your orders for

SPECIAL TAPS

Price, delivery, and quality
will please you.

A. B. Jar dine & Co., HeSPeier, ont

B. C. Steel Plant.

It is reported that a great steel plant, to cost
between half a million and a million dollars, is
to be established in the near future at a point
on the Coast — probably on Vancouver Island —
by James A. Moore, president of the Irondale
Smelting Co., Washington, in conjunction with
other prominent capitalists. Extensive coal de-
posits have been acquired on Graham Island,
one of the Queen Charlotte group, in addition to
enormous ore bodies on Quatsino Sound and At-
lin. in the interior, where a rich magnesite mine
was lately discovered. The steel plant, which is
expected to employ about 2,000 men, forms only
part of Mr. Moore's extensive scheme.
* * *

Gait Saw Works.

Shurly & Dietrich, proprietors of the Maple
Leaf Saw Works, have dissolved, J. C. Dietrich
purchasing the interest of C. J. Shurly. The inten-
tion of Mr. Dietrich is to form a joint stock
company with largely increased capital, to go
aggressively into foreign trade, and to take
care of the ever-widening field in Canada. In-
cluded in the transfer is the Iron and Brass
Bedstead Works, having been managed by his
son, Percy G-, for ten yearB. The R. H. Smith
Saw Works at St. Catharines forms another link
in the chain. The Maple Leaf Harvest Tool
Works is another, this factory having been sold
to the American Fork Trust in May, 1909.

Iron Works for B. C.

It is announced from Victoria. B.C., that
Mackenzie & Mann, Vancouver and Victoria,
backed by J. P. Morgan & Co., have purchased
the Vancouver island coal mines owned by the
Dunsmuir interests and known by the general
name of the Wellington collieries, for the sum of
$11,000,000 cash. The mines included in the deal
produce some of the best coal mined on the Pa.
cine coast, including high grade bituminous
steam, domestic and coking coals. It is an-
nounced that Mackenzie & Mann will spend $5,-
000,000 on improvements to the property, in-
cluding the erection of iron works, although no
details are yet available.

* * *

May Establish Canadian Plant.

During the past year many United States con-
cerns have established factories in Canada to
take care of their business in the Canadian ter-
ritory, and to have a share in the growth of
trade on this side of the line. In this connec-
tion, Mr. S. H. Reck, Secretary of the Rockford
Drilling Machine Co.. of Rockford. 111., was a
recent caller at the Toronto office of "Canadian
Machinery." He has been visiting Toronto, Ha-
milton and other points in Western Ontario,
with a view to establishing a plant in Canada
for the manufacture of drill presses and small

lathes.

* * •

The "Soo" Industries.

Plans for extensions and enlargements in%oiv-
ing an expenditure of over ten millions of dol-
lars are being worked out by those in c-ivirol
of the Lake Superior Steel Corporation. The tn-
largement of the works already partly under
way will call for an expenditure of a pi ro\im-
ately $6,000,000, while extensions of sue AV^ma
Central Railway, which is owned yy V e corpor-
ation, are being planned, to cost aeariy j*5,CO0.-
000. Two large industries, representing an in-
vestment of over a million dollars, na*e rccert-
ly located in the Soo. A :onitjany for the
manufacture of chemicals from the by-products of
the mills and representing $1,000,000 capital has
purchased the charcoal plant from the Steel
Corporation. The Dominion Tar Co., capitalized
at $100,000, haB purchased seven acres of land
from the Lake Superior Power Co . , and will
erect a plant for the manufacture of coal tar
from the by-products of the coke ovens.

64

CANADIAN MACHINERY

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfn. of SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patents Perfected

GEAR CUTTING, TOOL8, DIES, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL

Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PARMENTER BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.

Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs,
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Escitcheoa Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, UNITED

OWEN SOUND, ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kinds, Crey

Iron and Brass Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

IN

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Difficult Core Work a Specialty
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HAMILTON . ONT

F

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— i^.; — .,■',. ,'* r..±*m

Annual Meeting Canadian Westinghouse.

The annual meeting of the Canadian Westing-
house Co.. Hamilton, was held recently. The
annual report shows the following assets : — Cash.
$608,402.52 ; accounts and bills receivable, $853,-
233.51 ; property and plant. $2,766,488.97 ; ma-
terials and products on hand, $1,269,728. 44. Lia-
bilities— Accounts payable, $275,515.14 ; reserves
for depreciation and inventory adjustment, $320,-
000 ; undistributed profits, $536,103.87. The pro-
fits for the year ended December 31, V-09, were,
$498,379.94. Dividends paid for 1S09 at s:x per
cent., $261,540.33. The sales for the yf»X v-ere
the largest in the history of the ~omp'iny. and
were about double those for the year 190S.

Detroit Industrial Exposition.

Detroit is to hold an industrial exhibition un-
der the auspices ol the Board of Commerce, June
20 to July 6. The exposition grounds will on
the Detroit River, where a huge exposition build-
ing will be erected and used in conjunction with
the large Wayne Pavilion. Plans have been made
to accommodate between 250 and 300 exhibits.
Not only the products of Detroit's factories will
be shown, but also the processes. Running ma-
chinery will demonstrate the most modern meth-
ods of transforming raw materials into highly
finished articles. In one building the general de-
partments will be machinery, metal products,
paints, electricity, building supplies, rubber,
leather and paper products, drugs and chem-
icals, tobacco, food products, novelties and spe-
cialties, while in the other building wilt be auto-
mobiles and accessories, wagons and carriages,
furniture, textiles, boots and shoes, house fur-
nishings, jewelry and scientific instruments.

The World's Greatest Steel Plant.

"The Greatest Steel Plant in the World" is
the subject of a recent book issued by the Iron
Age, 14 Park Place, New York. It is a descrip-
tion of the Gary works of the Indiana Steel Co.,
subsidiary to the United States Steel Corpor-
ation. The book is a reprint of a series of ar-
ticles which appeared recently in Iron Age.

The plant is of unprecedented size and has
commanded the interest and attention of the en-
tire industrial world. The plant was projected
under conditions unhampered by limitations of
capital or site and the completed plant repre-
sents the acme of achievement in this branch of
the world's achievements.

Every particular was considered before de-
cisions were arrived at, so that the whole plant
is a model of economy. A tract of 9,000 acres is
utilized by the company. All the features are
fully described in the book mentioned. Profuse
illustrations serve to impress the reader with
the greatness of the plant, the various units
constituting the great steel plant being fully
dealt with.

* * *

Becker Steel Agency.

William Abbott, St. James St.. Montreal, has
been appointed sole Canadian agent for the
Becker Steel Works. Krefeld. Germany, maker of
high grade tool steels, high speed chrome nickel,
nickel and tungsten alloy steels, and high car-
bon steel tubing. The special features of this
company's products are the employment of the
Girod electric melting process which practically-
eliminates the phosphorus and sulphur in the
steel and of strong hydraulic pressure on the
liquid steel in the molds, producing a uniform
product that does not vary materially either in
analysis, tensile strength or elasticity.

Lack of uniformity in all classes of .high car-
bon tool steel results in difficulty in tempering
and hardening which is entirely eliminated by
the process used in making the Becker steel.

An artistically colored catalogue is being is-
sued by Mr. Abbott, containing particulars as

OPAL GLASS TILING

FOR WALLS OP

MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES

.lost approved material.
TORONTO PLATE CLA88 IMPORTING CO'Y

PLATE ADD WINDOW SUM

135 to 143 Victoria St.. - Toronto

Cniefflsrnan

ENGINEER

will personally — practically instruct a few ambitions,
deserving, bright men on practical, actual, up-to-date '
Drafting Room Work at home, prepare and qualify them <
as flrst-class experienced Draftsmen and Deafgnera for i
a saiary paying SI OO to $ 1 50 par month.

Instructions until competent, and placed In position (
free. Also complete high grade drawing outfit, with Oer- .
man Silver set of Instruments worth f 13.85 free this
month. Don't answer this unless ymi are ambit'ously '
seeking success and willing to work for results.

Address CHIEF DRAFTSMAN, Dlv. 23
ENGINEERS EQUIPMENT CO. (INC.) CHICAGO, ILL.

YOUNG machinist or technical
graduate wanted to travel. Must
be good talker and resourceful.
No previous traveling experience
necessary. Splendid opportunity
for ambitious man to work into
a good position. Apply

BOX 101

Canadian Machinery

Toronto

A Unique Offer!

We have not the slightest doubt
in our own minds as to the
superiority of the

IMPERIAL CHUCK

and to introduce it to your shop
we are prepared to send one— all
charges paid-rwhich you can
use for 30 days. If it does not
do all we claim for it, send it
back at our expense. But we
know no test is too severe for
the IMPERIAL CHUCK.

Made in Canada.
Send for Catalogue.

IULR Ol GOODWIN

BRANTFORD, - - CANADA

65

CANADIAN MACHINERY

THE BEYER WATCHMAN'S PORTABLE
CLOCK

IS TAMPER PROOF

and thoroughly reliable

Shall we send

Particulars ?

G. C. BREDIN, Sales Agent

252 Dundas St. London, Canada

Record Dials furnished [or all machines.

STAMPINGS

No matter how hard a stamping problem you
put up to us. the chances are we can satisfy
you. Many people use stampings in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.

The Silent Partner is an inter-
esting little magazine. We send
it free— when there's a reason

THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPIN6 CO,

899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Fcr general machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Our catalogue shows many
styles and sizes and is sent
free.

The Cushman Chuck Co.

Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.

Established 1862

to the products of the Becker Steel Works, and
tables of weights, rules lor forging, hardening
and grinding, annealing, etc., and prices f.t-b.
Montreal. This catalogue is of interest to all
merchants handling high grade steel, and to all
users of it.

* * *

New Pipe Mill.

The Page-Hersey Iron, Tube & Lead Co., To-
ronto, manufacturers of steel and galvanized
wrought merchant pipe, has completed and plac-
ed in operation a new tube mill at Welland,
Ont., its product being 2J-inch to 8-inch lap
weld pipe, as well as boiler tubes and well cas-
ing. The various buildings are all of "Ireproof
construction. The main or mill building
consists of steel underframe with cor-
rugated iron sides and roof, the finishing build-
ings being constructed of solid brick with cement
floors, the reinforced concrete roof bfllag tup-
ported by steel trusses. The dimensions of the
various buildings are as follows : Main luild-
intf. 80 x 200 feet ; finishing department, fu x 140
feet ; socket department, 35 x 120 feet ;
storage department, 50 x HO feet ; machine*
shop, 35 x 120 feet ; gas house, 30 x< (.6 fort : stock
crane runway, 50 x 380 feet ; coal trestle, 300
feet long.

The tube mill machinery rfas b".»t by tbe
UuiiuJ. iL-ufcuieering & Foundry Co., Pcisburg;
the furnaces by the American Furnace & Ma-
chine Co.. Pittsburg. The mills are olectr^ally
driven by individual alternating current motors
of General Electric construction, the power to
drive the works being furnished by the Ontario
Power Co., of Niagara Falls. The present out-
put of the plant is 75 tons of finished pipe per

W. D. Beath & Son to Enlarge.

W. D. Beath & Son, Toronto, were incorporat-
ed in Sept. 1909 with an authorized capital of
$100,000. This company proposes to purchase a
property on a railway siding and build suitable
buildings for for their products, the present pre-
mises being too small to accommodate
the workmen and machinery necessary for the
needs of their business. The estimated cost of
the new plant is about $10,000.

The products to be manufactured include
Beath's overhead tracks, carriers and hoists,
steel kegs, shipping packages, hardware special-
ties, sheet metal of all kinds. They will also
carry on a general business of iron and steel
masters and iron founders, builders' supplies,
etc.

The officers and directors are :

W. D. Beath, President ; L. B. Beath, vice-
president ; M. E. Gibson, accountant, secretary-
treasurer ; T. H. Mace, C.E., M.E., engineer ;
J. H. Milnes, president the Milnes Coal Co., To-
ronto.

Beath's overhead tracks is a carrying system
run on overhead tracks, and is used for the
economical handling of the products of manufac-
turing concerns in their factories and ware-
houses, in the various stages of manufacture. A
number of the Canadian manufacturing plants
successfully using the system are : The American
Chicle Co., F. H. Fleer & Co., Cosgrave Brew-
ery, all of Toronto ; J. Fleury's Sons, Aurora ;
The Metal Shingle" & Siding Co., Montreal ; The
Toronto and Belleville Rolling Mill, Belleville,
and The Empress Manufacturing Co., Vancouver,
B. C.

* * *

C.G.E. Annual Meeting.

At the annual meeting held in Toronto re-
cently, W. R. Brock, president, pointed out that
since the close of the year the marked improve-
ment in volume of orders received has been
maintained, and present trade conditions war-
rant the belief that this improvement will con-
tinue.

The company within the last two or three
months has secured some of the most important
contracts for electrical apparatus ever awarded
in any country, totalling nearly two hundred
thousand horse-power. These include three gen-
erators of 15,000 horse-power each, three gener-
ators of 12,500 horse-power each, and two of
11,000 horse-power each, and for size and im-
portance have no counterpart in the world to-
day, and it should be gratifying to the share-
holders that this company is in the foremost
rank as manufacturers of high-class machinery of
such magnitude.

The Canada Foundry Co. has just satisfac-
torily completed for the Canadian Government,
at St. Andrew's Rapids, near Winnipeg, a mov-
able dam of steel construction that is one of
the most important engineering propositions yet
undertaken in Canada, and have recently enter-
ed into a contract with the Dominion Iron and
Steel Co. for the construction of their new
blast furnace plant.

All departments of the Canada Foundry Co.
are now back to normal production, the struc-
tural steel department being overtaxed. As they
have had to forego much business for this de-
partment, because of insufficient capacity, the
directors decided to provide for a largely in-
creased output and negotiations are now pend-
ing for the acquirement of a suitable location
for the extension of this department.

During the year the bank account was reduced
below $300,000, at which time our accounts re-
ceivable amounted to nearly $2,000,000, but the
rapid influx of orders necessitated the purchase
of large quantities of raw materials, no less
than $400,000 of such materials, principally iron,
steel and copper, having been received during the
month of December, with the result of increased
borrowing to a moderate amount.

The great development of the Canadian North-
west made it increasingly difficult to handle the
business of that district from either the Van-
couver or Winnipeg branches, and the directors
arranged to open a new branch office in Calgary,
Alberta, which is now in operation.

C.P.R. Work in the West.

Three new buildings will be erected by the
C.P.R. in Calgary this year and large additions
will be made to two others. The passenger sta-
tion will be increased qy the erection of a new
wing, which will be almost 200 feet long and 35
feet wide. An addition to the freight car shop
will be built 100 feet long. This is a brick build-
ing and the addition will also be of brick. A
stores building of standard design will be built,
70 by 30 in size, and there will be a new engine
house of 18 stalls and a new machine shop.

In Regina there will be built a large brick
freight shed, 450 feet long. In Moose Jaw there
will be built an addition to the present frame
freight shed, 200 feet long. Weyburn will have a
new freight building 100 feet long, and similar
buildings will be erected at Granum and High
River.

Large new stations of special design will be
erected at Red Deer, and at two of the resort.3
in the mountains, namely Banff and Laggan. At
Lethbridge, the present station building will be
greatly enlarged, the addition praposed being 80
by 30 feet in size. At Coleridge and McLeod
there will be six stall additions to the engine
houses, and at Medicine Hat there will be new
brick machine shops, 72 by 82 in size. In addi-
tion to these buildings, for which special plans
are prepared, the C.P.R. will erect in the west-
ern division, new stations of standard design at
Morse, Rush Lake, Marquis, Keeler, Loreburn,
Strongfield, Glenside, St. Aldwyns, Tyvan, Ers*
kine, Strome, Brocket, Cowley, Lundbrek,
Welsh, Shepard, Hilcrest, Blairmore, McGillivray,
Natal. Between thirty and forty new section
houses will also be erected during the summer,
by the company in the division. Tenders for

66

CANADIAN MACHINERY

these various buildings are now being called for,
and the contracts will be awarded in April.

On the central division there is less work of
this class to be done, the only structure for
which tenders are now being called being the
new station at Minnedosa, Manitoba. This will
be a small building of exceptional design and of
a size corresponding to the business done in tht
town. In addition to the building required for
the actual business of the company, the C-P.R.
is at the present time asking for tenders for the
erection of the new railway Y.M.C.A. building at
Cranbrook. This structure is to cost $26,000, and
will be very similar in appearance and design to
the Y.M.C.A. building in Kenora. It will be of
frame, however, and will be a little less expen-
sive than the Kenora building.

CATALOGUES.

TURRET LATHES.— Gisholt Macnine Co..
Madison, Wis., Catalogue ; size 8 x 10 in. ; pages
64. This is the company's 1910 catalogue, de-
scribing and illustrating the Gisholt turret
lathe and its accessories. Six views showing the
increase in the size of these lathes from 1885,
when the first one was built, to the present
time, occupy two pages in the front part of the
catalogue. These are followed by illustrations
of the six regular sizes and the four big-bore
lathes. There are also a number of engravings
showing the different classes of work turned out
on this lathe and installations in machine shops
in various parts of the country.

THERMIT.— Goldschmidt-Thermit Co.. 90 West
Street, New York. Bulletin on repairing steel
and iron rolls by the them it process, illustrat-
ing the fractured rolls, the mold, the wax pat-
tern in position, the apparatus ready for making
the weld and the finished weld.

CHUCKS.— Cushman Chuck Co.. Hartford.
Conn. Condensed catalogue and price list for
1910 of Cushman chucks and face-plate jaws.
Cushman chucks are made in a large variety of
styles and sizes adapted to all classes of ma-
chine work and general manufacturing.

FORGE FURNACES.— Catalogue 8 from W. S.
Rockwell Co., Hudson Terminal Bldg.. 50
Church St., New York, contains data and de-
scription of Rockwell forge furnaces operated on
oil or gas.

POWER PUMPS.— Catalogue No. 7 from Smart-
Turner Machine Co., 191 Barton St. E., Hamil-
ton, illustrates and describes the many styles of
pumps manufactured by them to suit the pur-
poses for which they are intended. These pumps
use belt, motor, steam or gas engines as mo-
tive power as desired. A line of gas engines
built by them is also included in the catalogue.

FUEL AND GAS BURNING APPLIANCES.—
Catalogue 3 from W. S. Rockwell Co., Hudson
Terminal Bldg., 50 Church St., New York, con-
tains illustrations and descriptions of many of
the appliances included in their extensive lines.
Among them are high and low pressure oil bur-
ners, oil pumping systems, blowers, steam separ-
ators, pressure tanks, oil hose, etc. A number
of valuable tables on melting points, weights of
metals, S. G. of metals, etc., is also given.

RUBBER BELT CONVEYORS.— The Jeffrey
Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio, have just issued
booklet 35 which contains numerous illustrations
and explanations of Jeffrey instalations. Prices
are given for the various designs. Prices are al-
so given for rubber, leather, cotton and canvas
belting.

METAL MELTING FURNACES.— The Monarch

Engineering & Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md.. in a
32-page catalogue, describes its expensive line of
crucible tilting furnaces for melting ferrous and
non-ferrous metals, ladle heaters, core ovens,
mold dryers and portable heaters for lighting
cupolas. The crucible tilting furnaces are adapt-
ed for melting and refining foundry metals, both
ferrous and non-ferrous, including brass, bronze,

BRUCE PEEBLES

Contractor, to * CO, LIMITED

War Office, Admiralty, India Office, etc. Edinburgh, Scotland

Direct and Alternating Current Dynamos and Motors
for all conditions of Service.

Sole

Canadian Agents,

VANDELEUR & NICHOLS,

Dineen Building,
TORONTO

HERE IS A SPLENDID

Sensitive Column Drill

For drilling holes up to 5/16 of an inch it gives remarkable
satisfaction. The spindle has two speeds and is driven by a
I" flat belt. It is relieved of all belt strain, is counter-
balanced and provided with means for taking up wear. As
the column is graduated by a vertical line its full length, the
centre of the table may be set in line with the spindle at any
point of vertical adjustment. A cup centre is fnrnished with
each machine as a substitute for the table in centreing small
work. Write for Circular and Price.

D. McKENZIE

9 Nottingham Street - - GUELPH, ONT.

BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST

can be secured for any class of castings by arranging' your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult with

The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited

18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO

EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN, METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS. CORES, OILS. Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.

BABBITT METALS

FOR ALL PURPOSES

LUMEN BEARING COMPANY

BUFFALO TORONTO

CANADIAN MACHINERY

copper, nickel, aluminum, tin, lead, ferroalloys,
manganese, silicon, vanadium, iron, etc. Among
the furnaces shown is one of the pre-combustion
tilting type, which is arranged with a supple-
mentary rear chamber for receiving the fi&zoQ
from the burner, and which is deflected against
a baffle block. An article on the use and abuse
of crucibles contains pertinent information re-
garding the handling of pots, and should prove
of interest to every foundryman. In addition,
formulas of standard foundry mixtures are also
included. The catalogue will be sent on request.

WATER TUBE BOILER.— The "Suckling"
water tube boiler is the subject of a catalogue
issued, by Hawksley, Wild & Co., Sheffield, ma-
nufacturers of Lancashire, Cornish and multi-
tubular boilers, feed water heaters, etc. The
London, Eng., representative is T. F. Cowbrick.
49 Queen St., E-C. The "Suckling" boiler is
fully described, the treatise being illustrated,
making a very interesting publication.

PRESSURE GAUGES— Bulletin 114 from the
Bristol Co., Waterbury, Conn., deals with Bris-
tol's recording gauges for pressure and vacuum.
Full descriptions with prices, charts, etc., are
given.

CONCRETE BLOCKS.— The Dominion Concrete
Co., Kemptvillf, Ont., have issued an illustrated
catalogue, on coated paper dealing with concrete
blocks for construction purposes, also one on
concrete culverts.

MECHANICS' TOOLS.— The Keystone Mfg. Co..
Buffalo, have issued catalogue No. 18 describing
and illustrating ratchets, taper sleeves, drilling
posts, wrenches, etc., and giving price list.

LIGHTNING PROTECTIVE APPARATUS.—
Circular 1132, containing 60 pages from the Can.
adian Westinghouse Co., Hamilton, contains a
full description with illustrations, tables, line
drawings and explanations of lightning protec-
tive apparatus and accessories.

MACHINE TOOLS.— The Burke Machinery Co.,
Conneaut, Ohio, have issued a 1910 calendar and
price list of machine tools including milling ma-
chines, slotting attachments, saw grinders, sen-
sitive drill presses, tapping machines, shapers.
hydraulig pressure pumps, oil forges, etc.

BAR WORK.— Mussens. Ltd., Montreal, are
mailing a neat booklet on bar work issued by-
Alfred Herbert. It describes the Patent Roller
Steady Turner of the Alfred Herbert Hexagon
Turret Lathe. It is printed on coated paper,
and contains a great deal of information on tur-
ret lathe work. The cover is very attractive,
being an arm holding a finished piece of bar
work.

WEIGHT OR POWER.— Alfred Herbert. Coven-
try, England, have issued an exceedingly neat
catalogue under this heading suggesting that there
is a better factor than weight for determining the
right value of a machine tool. These booklets
are being mailed by their agents. Mussens, Ltd.,
Montreal. Milling machines of several designs
an: illustrated and described. The description is
a reprint from an article in "The Engineer" un-
der the heading "Purchasing Milling machines
by Power."

RUBBER BELT CONVEYORS.— Booklet 35, re-
cently issued by the Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Columbus,
Ohio, contains numerous illustrations of Jeffrey
installations and equipment. Prices are given
for various designs and also for rubber, cotton,
leather and canvas belting.

FANS.— Veritya Ltd., 31 Kingi St., Covent par-
den, London W.C., England, have issued booklet
608 dealing with fans of several types for summer
use. They are designed to run at standard volt-
ages, 110, 220, 480, 500, etc. Ventilators, desk
fans, regulators, etc., are also described in the
booklet.

COMPRESSORS.— A pamphlet from the Mesta
Machine Co., Pittsburg, Pa., illustrates and de-

scribes a standard Mesta Corliss driven air com-
pressor.

AMMETERS AND VOLTMETERS.— Bulletin
1181 from Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co.,
Pittsburg, Pa., describes portable D-C. and A.C.
ummeters and voltmeters operating on the D'Ar-
sonval principle with permanent magnet and
moving coil construction.

HYDRAULIC VALVES AND FITTINGS.— Is
the title of a 120 page illustrated catalogue just
issued by the Watson-Stillman Co., 50 Church
St.. New York. Its pages list a great many
types and combinations of hydraulic valves and
fittings. Almost every page contains some hint
or advice as to the best piping arrangements,
what types or combinations of valves are best
suited to certain work, how the valve arrange-
ment may operate a number of cylinders or ma-
chines automatically, etc. Any engineer will find
this book handy when figuring on new hydraulic
installations or making changes on old ones.
This book will be sent free to any one request-
ing catalogue No. 78.

STEAM TURBINE.— Circular 1094, 40 pages,
from Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamilton, is
a very complete description of the Westinghouse-
Parsons steam turbine, its origin and develop-
ment. It is a very interesting and instructive
treatise, fully illustrated.

BOOK REVIEWS.

"A Study of Base and Bearing Plates for
Columns and Beams," by N. Clifford Ricker.
Bulletin No. 35 of the Engineering Experiment
Station of the University of Illinois. This bul-
letin contains formulas and tables for use in de-
signing steel and iron plates of the usual forms.
Copies of Bulletin No. 35 may be obtained gra-
tis upon application to W. F. M. Goss, Director
of the Engineering Experiment Station, Univer-
sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.

CANADA'S LEADING TOOL HOUSE

Sizes 8 to 18
inches.

Flat and half
round.

The DREADNOUGHT MILLING TOOL (The tool that supersedes the file)

It cuts 3 to 5 times faster than an ordinary file and with less effort, and outlasts 5 to 1 0 common files— can be re-sharpened several
times without drawing the temper it will not choke on soft metals and will take hold of a greasy surface. For LAI HE work the
Dreadnought is without a peer; it will (inish the surface far superior to a bastard file and equal to the smoothest file. WRITE
for CIRCULAR and PRICES.

ARMSTRONG

"THE WORLD'S STANDARD LATHE AND PLANER TOOLS.'

KEYSTONE RATCHETS

Morse Taper and Square Sleeve Ratchets, also Short Boiler Ratchets.
We carry a complete stock of Morse and Cleveland Drills.

TOOL HOLDERS

ALL SIZES
Write for catalog and pricej.

Short
Boiler
Ratchet

3»

AlftENHEAD HARDWARE LIMITED
17-21 Temperance St., Toronto

68

Square
Sleeve
Ratchet

Making an Annual Saving of Thousands of Dollars

By Practicing Economy in the Locomotive Repair Shops, Thousands of Dollars are Saved — The
Stock Room and Various Shops are Large Fields Where Large Saving of Waste may be Made.

By W. R. Smith*

THE subject upon which I have endeavored to com-
pile this paper is a very broad one, in fact there
are very few railway problems upon which there
has been more comment and discussion than that
of economy in locomotive repair shops. Possibly,
on account of the Mechanical Department not
being directly a revenue bearing department, great-
er attention has been paid to it as regards the
organization in its various branches, than to any
other department, in connection with railroad work.
To bring this matter before you in detail would occupy a
very considerable length of time, therefore, I shall only
mention points which are of the greatest importance in
connection with shop practice.

Storing Materials.

The first of these which I wish to bring to your notice
is the storing of material, particularly heavy material,
such as tyres, boiler plate, tubes, bar iron, etc., etc., all
these should be located as near as possible to the shop
in which used, and stored in properly erected buildings or
racks, suitable for the purpose required, thus reducing de-
lay on the part of the shop staff to a minimum, and at
the same time placing such material under cover that
would otherwise be subjected to atmospheric conditions,
causing the material to depreciate in value, on account of
corroding and pitting, thus reducing the length of service
and thereby increasing the cost of the manufactured ar-
ticle. The buildings referred to should be thoroughly
equipped with small cranes or lifting devices, to eliminate
hard labor and facilitate rapid handling. The use of mag-
netic power on locomotive cranes now in use in the ma-
jority of modern plants, has proved very effective, and
has heen found to be a labor saving device. Tt would not
be an extensive plant that would not require at least
twenty men to perform duties of this nature, without
proper facilities, which could be handled by the use of a
crane of this type with about five men, effecting an ap-
proximate estimate in wage economy of about $8,000 per
annum.

You will, therefore, see that the saving would aggre-
gate a much higher figure than would be considered cre-
dible by those not conversant with' engine repairs.
There is one other point on the material question,
through which the mechanical department can be subject-
ed to numerous inconveniences and disadvantages, detri-
mental to the working progress which of necessity ter-
minates in increased expense ; I speak of the purchasing
and supplying of the proper quantity and quality of ma-
terial at the required time, it being a very essential fea-
ture in economy. In this particular line of railway busi-
ness, it appears to me, after personal experience of sever-
al years with four different railroad companies, that if
those in authority in such matters, acted as far as con-
sistent in supplying the make or quality of material spe-
cified by the head of the mechanical department, it would
assist materially in economy. It can be readily under-
stood that it is practically impossible for the latter to
obtain the best results, in frugal efficiency, without the
support of the purchasing department. The fact cannot
be denied, however, that cases do occur, through some

• General Foreman, Canadian Northern Shops, Winnipeg.

neglect or oversight on the part of the mechanical depart-
ment, in not advising the stores or purchasing officials of
the consumption of an unusual amount of a certain class
of material, or the necessity on the part of the latter to
place an order for a commodity which it has not pre-
viously been customary to carry in the ordinary stock,
thus placing that department in an unfair position
through not being allowed sufficient time to obtain de-
livery.

Tracing Orders.

One matter to which strict attention should be paid
is the tracing of orders for material after being placed.
I could relate instances where it would be impossible for
a mechanical department to correctly account for exces-
sive charges through failure on the part of a manufac-
turer to supply material within a reasonable time. As we
know the manufacturer's tendency is to grasp all the
business possible, with the result that it frequently takes
double the necessary time to get deliveries made. I have
known cases where six months has been taken where
thirty days under ordinary circumstances should be am-
ple time. This is an expensive proposition and one that
should not be tolerated by a railway company, as the ul-
timate cost is perhaps one hundred per cent, more than
the actual value. This and other questions of a similar
nature prompt me to state that the most improved busi-
ness methods possible to adopt, relative to these three de-
partments, are in the best interest of the company.

In referring to what is conceded by many to be the
principal cause of high figures in mechanical labor, being
that of the present standard rates of wages, we are all
aware that conditions in this particular have made a
wonderful advance in the past ten years.

Still expensive locomotive repairs must not always be
solely attributed to this fact, as there are comparisons
for consideration in what might be termed the ancient
and modern methods in applied mechanics found in shop
practice.

The rapid strides accomplished in. the mechanical
sphere of late years are more than equal tp those which
have taken place in any one particular in railroad re-
cords.

It is well said that time is money, and in this age of
comparison, rapidity should be- the point at issue in every
performance in locomotive repairs, in order to keep pace
with the records which are now being continually made,
in modern shop efficiency.

I do not purpose entering upon a discussion of the
numerous improved appliances, but by way of comparison
I remember only a few years ago, in 'what was at that
time one of the largest shops in Canada, where an em-
ploye welding boiler tubes after ten hours of strenuous
labor would have about 100 tubes welded

To-day it is possible by the use of certain machines,
without any more exertion on the part of the operator, to
weld 600 tubes in the same length of time.

Increase Efficiency of Machinery.

Take for instance the enormous ■ amount of manufac-
tured material produced by the use of the modern black-
smith shop machinery.

Then consider the modern moulding department as
compared with that of ten years ago, and we find an in-

30

CANADIAN MACHINERY

crease in the output ranging from 100 per cent, up, and »• Bush cylinders No 38. steam and exhaust pipes

not only a higher grade of casting, but more accurate, 10- Repairing cylinders No 39. Dry pipe and throttle rigging

. . . . , ,, . , . . , ,11. Firebox— new or repairing 40. Valve seats, bushes and chests

requiring less machine work, thereby reducing the cost of n New front flUf sh,.et „ pi8tons and crossneads

manufacturing in every particular, due to the use of 13. New back 42. (iuide bars and blocks

moulding machine. 14-' New inside sheets R. or L. 43. Spectacle plate

The same progress may be applied in speaking of the 15- Ncw °"tside sheets R. or L. 44. Repairing valve gear and mo-

. .. , _„ . ., 1 . . 16. New door sheet tion

boiler shop, as 7d per cent, of the operations winch were n New wagon ^ 45 Drivjng tiris wheeU orank

manual labor, a few years ago, are now minor details, 18. New ,ace plate plns aud axies

through the use of hydraulics and compressed air. 19. New throat sheet 46. Boiler mountings, injectors.

The tool and machine shops have, with high speed 20. New crown sheet pops and lubricators

sleel and high grade improved machinery, shown no small ' _01 e.r . ' ,agglng

" ° r ' ' 22. Smoke box — new or repairs 48. Jackets

display in the advanced superiority of shop efficiency, and 23 WaBhout piugs and ho)e8 49. Vj,)ing

in view of the existence of such conditions, the fact, be- 24. Tank repairs w. Engine bell

vond a doubt is clearly demonstrated, that the adopting 25. Remove flues 51. Headlight

of modern methods and such machinery, is of vital im- »• ■•■«* flue* «■ *moke stack ™* »<"><=

,.,._, ... 27. Replacing flues 53. Front end ring and door

portance to a mechanical staff who are expected to com- 2S Front end arran(fement aad 54. Expansion and running board

pete with the competitors of this decade, for never in the netting brackets

historv of railroading has there been such efficiency devel- 29. Ashpan and rigging 55. Springs and spring riggings

oped in railroad mechanics, as in that of the past ten 30- Air pu"»p. air signal and 56. wheeling and putting up bind.

, . , ., , „ « _ • steam heat ers

years, which goes to prove that all companies to-day oc- :,i. Driving brake and rigK,nK 57. Pilot, buffer beam bracket.

Clipying an important position in the handling Of freight 32. Driving boxes, hub liners and and front coupler

and passenger traffic, must of necessity keep their motive eccentric straps 58. Cab running boards and deck

power in first class condition, there being nothing that 33. Repairs to shoes, wedges and floor

... „ ,. ... . __ +u„„ „„ horn blocks 59. Sand box, dome casing and

will reflect discredit upon a company quicker than ne- M ^ ^^ hand ^

gleet ill this department. ;i5. t)fCk beam brackets and wind 60. Painting engine and tender

By this it is understood that shop equipment for loco- sheets 61. Tank frame repairs and draft

motive repairs is an essential question and should war- 36. Hanging motion and setting gear

rant due consideration, in order that economy is brought m D valvei 62- T,ruck8 and brake ri^ing

- ., 37. Repairs to engine trucks 63. Miscellaneous

to prevail, which necessitates close inspection of all de-
tails in daily shop practice, as the small matters count

. ., * , f. , , , , • , „ j Stripping an engine is account No. 1, repairing rods

in the question of time and labor, which is money, and ^ ft » r™ ~°

n „ . . . ,. . . account No. 2, and so on ; the highest number is bi, it

in the performance of such duties, system is required to n

, r , . ,. , . ,. , ,. .. „ being a miscellaneous account which covers all extra or
be observed in every particular governing the delivering

of material to the respective departments, also the dis- g

posing of scrap materials, and the various relations be- it is worked in this way :—

tween the foremen, in order that the work in each and ^ ., . k„;i„-

. ' , ,. , , . Presuming a machinist has worked all dav on boiler

every department, be advanced to the best interests ot ° - . J

/ v ' mountings (account 46). On his time slip he writes the

m. !_• «_ i date, engine number and 9 hours account No. 46, which

Checking Costs. ' ,.&. .

is all that is necessary.

Another important item in this connection, is the £ach morn ^ are coUected [rom ticket b()Xes

checking of the costs of work performed each day. ^ o g recorded ^ mechanical department, pre-

In order to have correct information with reference to ° * , . .

. . . vious to sending slips to the timekeeper,
the cost of locomotive repairs, it is necessary to obtain

a daily check, to prevent any mistake being made by the The form used for this purpose has the dates printed

employees on their time distribution slips, which are on the top line and the account numbers on the right

commonly used in time-keeping in locomotive repair side, so that all that is necessary, is to place the amount

slj0pS charged under the date and opposite the account number.

This places the foreman directly in charge of engine There is one form tor Pach engine in tne shop for each

erecting, or machine work, in a position to explain why I110nth.

certain repairs on any particular engine, should cost more ,..-.. „ ,

than the same repairs on another engine of the same By this you will understand that at a glance, the cost

of labor on every piece of work in the shop can be ob-
tained daily. Charges for material, of course, can only be

To obviate such difficulties- I am convinced that a sys- ^ ^ end of each m when accounts are closed

tern adopted about a year ago by A. Shields, Master Me- by the stores d tment_

chanic of the Canadian Northern Railway, which is known

as the "Engine repair account" and is only used in general It is understood of course, that due credit is received

repair shops, or what is generally termed "Back" shop, for scrap material.

is one of the most convenient methods to he found in Some companies „se the shop order system . In this>

checking cost of engine repairs, i.e. from a mechanical de- ewry piece of work has & djfTt,reut number| being confus.

partment's point of view. ing on account o( high flgUres, which would run into the

It must be admitted that it entails extra time in thousands every month.
Stores' Accountant's office.

It is a svstem of itemized charges against repairs bv vvi,h the account s>stem' a certain Pie<* »f '°'fc °"

the use of consecutive numbers, which are used to specify ™*y enKine is always the same number' w,th ,*"* the

every piece of work on an engine, and is as follows :- " employes become familiar and thus avoid mistakes on

their time slips.
Accounts — Repairs to Engines.

It may be possible to improve on this system, but 1

1. stripping 5. Put on frame R. or L. must j{ properly carried out, it is the best arrange-

2. Repair rods 6. Remove cylinders No *' ...... . , . ,.„, T

3. Take off frame r. or L. 7. Apply cylinders No rnent in the interest of the mechanical department that I

4. Repair frame R. or L. 8. Boring cylinders No have used.

Value of Trade Papers: How to Derive Benefit from Them

The Greatest Loser is the Reader who Carelessly Thumbs over the
Pages — Technical and Trade Papers Should be Handled Methodically.

By One Who Reads Them-

1 OFTEN wonder what subscribers and others who receive
various trade publications do with them. I know of
some who "get them," look them over carelessly
and throw them aside ; their disposition, mental and
other needs, possibly their capacity for acquirement of
features of value, not being sufficiently pronounced to
force them to a realization of the wonderful worth to-day
incorporated in these publications— and in this I do not
mean wholly to indicate the reading matter or editorial
columns, for, from my point of view, there is not a sin-
gle column in a trade paper of the present time that is
uninteresting.

It is astonishing when we consider the value given to
the assembled sheets of paper. How we must praise the
modern progress made in the art of printing and illus-
trating ! How few understand, when they subscribe for
the average trade paper and pay the price asked for the
regular sending of the publication, that their subscription,
instead of meaning a profit to the publisher, actually
means that the publisher is to lose money in supplying it,
for the service given by the leading trade papers now
costs more than the return as represented by the price of
the subscription. Thus the subscriber gets something, yes,
much, for nothing, but still the publisher willingly bears
his loss, as he needs readers to give value to the adver-
tising columns. In other words, circulation counts, and it
counts for a very great deal from the publisher's stand-
point, even though the advertisers should always reserve
the right, and persist in it, to criticise the quantity in a
demand for quality. (Quantity without quality will bring
disappointment. That, however, is another story.
The Careless Reader the Greatest Loser.

A subscriber who receives his paper, carelessly glances
over it as he applies thumb pressure to shoot the leaves
along, stopping only to casually and quickly read a par-
agraph, a note here and there, does not do himself or the
publisher justice He will be the greatest loser. The pub-
lisher will get just as much money from him, but he will
fail in acquiring the exceedingly valuable fund of inform-
ation the publication brings to him. And the more of
this information he gleans the higher and better will be
his appreciation of the publication. The faithful, ener-
getic editors work hard to have the pages up to date in
the data they carry. Type forms and illustrations are
carefully studied in order that the appearance may be of
the best, each thoughtful attention in this direction being
intended to hold interest on the part of the reader. Many
fields have been searched for the actual news and scien-
tific information placed before the subscriber by the
editors, who are very materially helped on the larger
number of pages by the men who write and plan the ad-
vertisements.

The subscriber who looks upon the advertising pages
of trade publications of to-day as tales of purchased
space makes a very serious mistake. These advertise-
ments are developed by able minds in every part of the
country, each one of which seeks to educate the subscrib-
ers of the trade publication to the latest and best prac-
tice in a particular line. Publishers of trade papers have
high morals ; they scan every bit of copy that comes to
their office determined that their readers shall be pro-
tected from advertisements that make false claims. Oc-
casionally a fake assertion that has a new feature may

creep in unknowingly, but as soon as the deceit is made
apparent the columns of honest papers are forever closed
to that business. And the average reader does not know
how many advertising men there are who are cautioned
not to call on this or that concern whose business by the
publisher is deemed undesirable.

Handling Trade Papers Methodically.
Let me advocate a higher appreciation of the trade
paper. Let me tell of one progressive company and its
realization of the importance of thoroughly reading what
thj editors and others have to say in these factors of this
modern industrial growth. The company to which I refer
receives a very large number of trade and technical pa-
pers, but it makes easy the reading, handling and dispo-
sition of them. They are all first handled and opened by
the one who distributes them to the department or em-
ploye most vitally interested in the various publications.
For instance, an engineering publication first goes to the
company engineer ; a paper that has to do with power is
sent to the mechanical department, as are also machinery
papers ; the electrical papers go to the electrical en-
gineers, except papers that carry patent references, which
first go to one who scans the patent report to see if any
of the late issues have to do with fields in which the
company operates, and if so, this department immediately
sends for these patents of interest ; papers that are asso-
ciated with the chemical, electrochemical, electrometal-
lurgical field all have their readers ; automobile publica-
tions go to various departments, as do those devoted to
military affairs, while the same may be said of marine,
paint, power boat and similar fields ; all the publications
go regularly to individual readers. It is well understood
among the employes of this company that they are, in a
certain sense, responsible for reading these publications
and getting from them everything of present or future in-
terest to the company's affairs. Articles of interest are
abstracted, and cards in the following form are made out
for filing in a well planned system :

Title

Publication

Date

Author

Remarks ....

File under

All such cards are sent to the stenographic depart-
ment and filed. Subjects having any relation to the field
in which the company sells its products, or to the use
and application of its products, are most carefully cover-
ed, so that, for instance, should the company at any time
desire information on any of the many subjects it would
only be necessary to call for the cards on file and direct
that the publications containing the articles -or references
listed be brought up from the basement for review. To
facilitate this review, it may be stated that all the trade
papers received in the English language as well as foreign
languages are most carefully preserved by means of a
filing system, to which a goodly space has been given in
a spacious basement, the plan being to bundle each year

32

CANADIAN MACHINERY

of the various publications by themselves. Clipping of
the publications is prohibited.

In order to have the publications distributed and pass
from department to department, so that all may see
them, discover new features or absorb the information of
articles marked, each publication is first stamped with the
initials of the several readers who are to see them in the
course of their transit through office and works, the stamp
used being something like this :

A list of publication?
received and the readers
assigned is in possession
of each department, so
that the course to be fol-
lowed in sending a pub-
lication forward is so well
known that it soon be-
comes a matter of form,
each reader checking on the dotted line following his ini-
tials. The sales department, the financial depart-
ment, the chemists,, the superintendent, the en-
gineer, the electrical engineers, the executive de-
partment and others are all alert to new things, and it
may be guessed that a fund of information is gathered.
Then, too, it makes possible the reading up on things in
which to-day a company seemingly has little interest, but
which is conceived to possess future features of possible
value.

Every Item Preserved.

By this system, every item printed in the publications
read is preserved, so that when the day comes when the
concern wants information on the subject it will only
have to turn to its filing system to review all that has
been printed. This is a factor of wonderful value, it is
believed, as it makes possible a general oversight aided
by the many bright minds that write for the publications.
It will thus give life to the writings of many editors
long after they may be dead.

If one will only consider the immense amount of
capital and human energy now devoted to preparing and
printing the trade papers which serve as guides in their
respective fields, I am very confident there will be a gen-
eral increase in appreciation of the service performed. It
is but fair to admit that the principal trade papers are
always ahead of their readers in information. They must
be so, for they are teachers ; they tell us of the newest
and best things, of the latest practice in many lines, and
it is indeed a dull reader who cannot profit by perusal of
them. If subscribers will thus cherish their trade papers
I am sure there will be an awakening as to their value
and of the good they do, of their great general worth and
assistance. When subscribers thus esteem their technical
and trade papers, they will deserve to have their names
enrolled on that monument of quality instead of being
considered quantity, which, as I have said, is another
story.— Iron Age.

Let us Look Technical Education Square in the Face

Co-operative Education Combining Practical Shop Training in the Shop
with the University Course is Suggested as a Solution — It Would
Greatly Increase the Value of the Apprentice to the Manufacturer.

By Robert Patterson *

Being much interested in the training of apprentices
for the mechanical trade, also in the education of the
younger mechanics, any papers, or discussions on the
subject, have always been of great interest to me, and
when asked to write a paper on some subject I selected
this one, not, perhaps, so much with the idea of impart-
ing much new information, as with a view of bringing be-
fore you, a subject that is of great importance, requiring
careful study and attention of the industrial community
of Canada, and those responsible for the proper education
of Canadians to-day.

I believe the most desirable for present day
needs of Canada is a combined practical and tech-
nical education This would meet the present
urgent demands, and would create a number of
'educated mechanics who now receive little or no
technical education.
Papers without number, and discussions without end,
have been dealt with, to try and settle the question, as
to whether the university educated man, or the prac-
tically educated man has been the most successful, in
giving the best results to their employers and the me-
chanical world at large. Although, there have been

• Mafster Mechanic G.T.R. Shops, Stratford.

numerous university graduates, who have shown great
brilliancy, and accomplished much, yet the practical man
has not by any means been outclassed ; as to-day, he is
probably holding more general positions of trust and re-
sponsibility, and quite as many high positions, as his
university graduate competitor. With the combined practi-
cal and technical education, we have men who are thorough-
ly conversant with shop practice, labor conditions, organ-
ization and the practical handling of men. This, the univer-
sity graduate does not learn at college or university and
in that respect, is much inferior to the -man who is tech-
nically and practically educated.

However, it is not this phase of the subject I wish

particularly to deal with, but technical education of the

average mechanic and system of education by which same

can be most successfully accomplished as to thoroughness

with economy of time.

In this young and growing country of ours, the rapid
development of steam and electric roads and the vast in-
crease in manufacturing industries have created a demand
for increased and rapid facilities for doing work, and also
for producing mechanics able to keep pace with such
development. From all appearances, the future will create
a still more urgent demand. To meet present and future

CANADIAN MACHINERY

requirements, a quick and thorough system of education
will be necessary to provide technically trained men.

Men at the head of our public educational system of
to-day, have already realized this, and as a result, the
boys in our public schools are taught manual training.
The system should be in force in every centre in the
country. It would greatly help parents and guardians by
enabling them to judge of the fitness of the boy for his
future profession, mechanical or otherwise. Without this
opportunity of judging a boy's qualifications, it is often
very difficult to determine what a boy's profession should
be. With manual training in his early days, however, it
gives additional opportunity to learn whether the boy
would be more fitted for engineering or some of the
other learned professions. It is a great assistance to the
boys who intend to enter the mechanical profession. It
teaches the necessity of carefulness and correctness with
application of thoroughness in their work that they may
attain their desired ends ; also it gives them self reliance
and leads them to appreciate honor and have an honest
pride in good work done by themselves. It also teaches
them to have a desire and respect for all honest manual
labor, an attitude of mind which will produce a beneficial
effect on the country at large.

At the present day in Canada, it too often happens
that from lack of opportunity and facilities, when a boy
leaves school, he is unable to continue his studies. This
unfortunately results in the education which he already
has becoming warped or lost on account of its not being
further developed. In a few years, with few exceptions,
he is thrown on the world as a journeyman mechanic
with less education than when he started to work and
practically no ambition to obtain it.

Training Men in the Shops.

To overcome this state of affairs, what step should be
taken to make mechanics better acquainted with the tech-
nical side of their professional education ? One method is
for employers to establish a system of technical educa-
tion in connection with their works or industries. It is
of the first importance to interest manufacturers in the
cause of such education. The manufacturer will be the
first to be directly benefited as in all branches of indus-
tries, we would have a corps of trained young men with
more intelligent interest in their work seeking all the
time to improve in practice and desiring to become elig-
ible for promotion.

A number of corporations in the United States and
Canada have already established technical schools in con-
nection with their shops. The Grand Trunk Railway Sys-
tem in Canada has been a pioneer in this respect and
now the C.P.R. also has a school where technical train-
ing is given its apprentices. In the case of the Grand
Trunk, it was found that to meet the ever increasing de-
mands for skilled and thoroughly trained mechanics, it
was absolutely necessary to establish a training school.
The boy who had to leave school with only the rudi-
ments of an education from force of circumstances and be-
gin work, had little to look forward to in the matter of
education after he once left school. With this system of
education, which has been adopted by the Grand Trunk
Railway, all apprentices are now fortunate enough to be
able to secure a good practical, as well as a technically
combined education.

G. T. R. System.

In explaining this system to begin with, an apprentice
has to be 15 years of age or over before he can enter the
service of the company as an apprentice. He has to re-
ceive a medical certificate from the company's doctor cer-
tifying that he is physically fit to do the work required
of him. He is then put through an examination in the of-

fice and practically had to pass an examination in differ-
ent subjects that would entitle him to enter the first form
of our collegiate institutes. He has also to pass an ex-
amination to see if his hearing and eyesight is sufficiently
good to follow the business.

If he is successful, he is then admitted as an appren-
tice to the works and is provided with a text book for
his instruction and guidance. This book contains exam-
inations for the apprentices for each promotion he takes
while serving his apprenticeship. For instance, if an ap-
prentice is being promoted, say from the boiler shop or
pipe shop to machine shop and is going to be placed on a
drilling machine, he is examined on how this machine
should be operated and he has to theoretically explain the
method of operation so that, with very little practical in-
struction, he is able at once to start in and do good
practical work but should he fail in these examinations,
he is sent back to the shop he came from and the next
boy in turn is promoted. He is given another chance, af-
ter his first failure, say in a month's time, and if he fails
again, he is dismissed from the service for the reason
that he is considered either not sufficiently intelligent or
too indifferent to make a good mechanic. This practice
is followed during his five years' course.

Advantage of Apprenticeship System.

One of the great advantages of this system is that it
gets the apprentice thinking and leads him to reading up
in line with his work. It is compulsory for all appren-
tices to attend evening classes two nights per week dur-
ing the term, at which practical mechanics, mechanical
drawing and machine design are taught. An examination
of the apprentices takes place over the entire system once
a year and examination papers are prepared in which all
first, second, third, fourth and fifth year apprentices com-
pete, that is, all the first year apprentices on the sys-
tem in one class, all the second in another, and so on.

Class prizes are given, also individual prizes, and the
keenest rivalry is exhibited, not only among the ap-
prentices individually, but among the different shops as
each shop is desirous of having the honor of obtaining the
highest average number of marks at the examination.
Remuneration.

At the expiration of apprenticeship before an appren-
tice becomes a journeyman, he has to undergo a thor-
ough examination to see that he is competent in all the
branches of the trade he has been learning. After success-
fully passing this examination, he is furnished with a
certificate of apprenticeship. During his five years' ap-
prenticeship, the sum. of 5c per day is' retained from his
wages. This is refunded to him and a bonus of $25.00
from the company is given him. That with his month's
wages entitles him to a snug little sum on the day he
completes his five years' apprenticeship. In addition to
these privileges, the company has arranged that two
scholarships be given each year for competition amongst
the apprentices so that the fortunate ones are entitled to
a four years' free course at McGill University in any of
the branches of engineering or transportation work.
A Co-operative Course Necessary.

But however, I would like to add to this and thereby
make the system of training more complete. I would
like to see a way opened up at our universities so that
young men who have "gone through their five years' train-
ing as apprentices and not fortunate enough to have won
a scholarship entitling them to the four years' free course
at McGill University in Engineering or Transportation,
might be able to obtain further technical education by a
short course, say of one year at our Universities at as
low a cost as possible to the student. In this course, he
should have the privilege of making experiments, tests,

34

CANADIAN MACHINERY

etc., and a young man who wishes to succeed and obtain
a more advanced education, could do so. If such a sys-
tem as we have on the Grand Trunk Railway were ap-
plied to every manufacturing and industrial establish-
ment, the apprentices' rebate and bonus at expiration of
his apprenticeship would partly enable him to carry
this out and would make him more diligent, attentive and
ambitious to become not only a good practical but tech-
nical mechanic.

Government Should Provide Schools.

Again, there are some factories or industries not pro-
vided with rooms or appliances for education of appren-
tices or from other causes, could not do so. In these
cases, where occurring in towns or cities, the government
or municipality should step in and provide night schools,
thereby giving them the chance to acquire better tech-
nical education to help them in their career through life.
As a rule, they have not been able to go very far in their
High Schools before going to work, but at least they
should have the same opportunities as that of their old
school mates destined for professional life but not called
upon to leave school at such an early age.

Our High Schools and Collegiate Institutes with all
their facilities for education are practically only used six
hours per day for five days per week. Why should not
these be opened to the young mechanic at night time so
that he might further pursue his studies and be educated
for his life work. In the majority of cases, good labor-
atories are used in connection with most of these schools
and should be at the service of those who wish to study
along that line.

The government should be prepared, and I think it
would be the quickest way to get at it. to assist the
manufacturers in having the use of these schools.* For
instance, any manufacturer giving free tuition that could
show an attendance of so many employes ought to receive
renumeration so as to bear part of the expense of teach-
ing, etc.

Scholarships assisted by government grants should
also be given for these shops, which would entitle the suc-
cessful student to a scholarship at the university for the
one year's short course which I have mentioned. In the
larger cities, the government ought to support the univer-
sities to such an extent that they would be so equipped
so as to take in all mechanical and engineering branches
and where sufficient number would make request and where
sufficient students would attend to make it successful, ail
other industries could be represented at the university.

I think a short course at the university as mentioned
by me would be of incalculable benefit, for in addition to
the actual information which a young man would get in
connection with his work which he would be able to take
in more rapidly on account of his five years' practical
and technical training, he would receive general improve-
ment on account of coming in contact with men of learn-
ing and culture for a year. This would not take him so
long from the practical work as the four years' course at
present, also after the four years' course, he would find
so many changes that he would require to go over a great
deal of the practical ground again.

To ask that the government should assist in the high-
er education of the mechanic is not more than right. The
government provides colleges for the agriculturist with
long and short courses for the farmers, Normal Schools
and Faculties of Education for education of teachers in
Agriculture and Domestic Science, grants to the univer-
sities for student courses in Arts, Divinity, Medicine,

• On the Grand Trunk, all tuition is tree for the apprentices, they
not being under any expense whatever for the education which they
get and are paid substantial wages during the time they are work-
lag in the shop.

Law, Engineering and Mining are also given. Why shoulo
a short course of one year be instituted tor finishing the
education of the working mechanic. We may for all we
know have amongst our young men, mechanics or en-
gineers whose genius might equal that of some of the
most celebrated of modern times if they only had a
chance that a little further education might give them.
Let us endeavor to give them that chance not only for
their own advantage but for our own as employers and
for the betterment of mankind in general. The young
mechanic deserves every opportunity of pushing his way
in the world as much as the literary man, the minister,
the lawyer, doctor, or any other professional men. The
educated mechanic is one of the main stays of our Domi-
nion, like the Village Blacksmith of Longfellow :—

"Each morning sees some task begun

Each evening sees its close ;

Something attempted, something done,

Has earned a night's repose."
In conclusion, I would say that if we combine
the practical and technical training of our boys
and young men, we would have the best average
mechanic who will meet all requirements of these
times of rapid progress and development and we
will I believe, solve labor problems to a great
extent.

WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN FACTORIES.

A bill is before the Quebec House of Assembly en-
titled "An act respecting the working hours of women
and children in certain factories." Factory inspectors
have brought to the attention of the powers that be, thej
fact that women and children are working eleven hours a
day in many places. These hours are too long. There is
no need to mince matters— the fact remains, and the only
excuse for these long hours seems to be the fact that they
are necessitated if sixty hours a week are to be put in
and the Saturday half holiday stand.

But why sixty-five hours ? Are not fifty-five or even
fifty hours plenty ? It would not increase the cost of
production by any appreciable amount if the hours were
shortened and more hands employed. There are still lots
of willing— and efficient— workers ready to work if em-
ployment can only he had, and in view of this we feel
that (Quebec has in mind a progressive step in the ques-
tion of labor legislature.

Large employers of such labor in the Province of Que-
bec are opposed to the act on the grounds that it would
place them at a disadvantage when compared with the
manufacturers of other provinces whom the act will not
involve. This is a grod point and worthy of consider-
ation and brings us to the statement that we believe the
act should be made general by emanating from Ottawa.
Whatever is wrong about existing conditions in Quebec is
wrong about similar conditions in Ontario or any other
province and it is up to the Dominion government to in-
vestigate and right matters.

We won't go into details regarding the detrimental
features of women and children working in factories— they
are fairly well known to most of us. The unfortunate
thing is that they are compelled to work to live and, as
we said before, ii is us to our general parliament to see
that conditions under which they do work are made as
comfortable and as Favorable aa possible.

It may be that the matter will have been brought to
a head— in Quebec at least — by the time this appears off
the press. If so we trust that our hopes will be realized
and our women and children will not be forced to work
eleven hours a day in order to "hold their jobs."

Production Greatly Increased by High Speed Steel

The Proper Treatment of High Speed Tool Steel will Help in Ob-
taining the Full Efficiency— Forging, Hardening and Sharpening.

By Samuel K. Patteson.

While practically every machine shop
owner, foreman, or operator is familiar
with the fact that great strides have
been made in the production of steel for
cutting tools, they are totally ignorant
of the means and methods of such pro-
duction, a knowledge of which would
perhaps result in more intelligent use
of the tools.

Crucible steel, or the fusion of iron
and charcoal in crucibles, has been
known from the earliest times, in fact

planer of a chip 4 inches broad from
an armor plate, at a speed of 12 feet
per minute, and turning mild steel bars
at a speed of 150 feet per minute, with
a cut 3-16 in. deep and the feed 5 inches
per minute. In this latter case the tool
worked from 7 to 8 hours without grind-
ing. Instances have also been cited of
cutting speeds up to 500 feet, and grey
iron drilled at 25 inches per minute.
Comparing these results with the speeds
of 25 to 50 feet per minute of the old

Fig. 1. — Arrangement of Iron Tank for Heating Tools Electrically.

it is a matter of record that the Chin-
ese made steel in this way prior to the
Christian era. So far back into anti-
quity does the beginning of the process
go that it is impossible to accurately
trace it, but it is hardly conceivable
that the ancient races used anything
but tool-steel in the execution of the
carvings on the hard stones which re-
cord their history. It would seem there-
fore wonderful to the ordinary mind
that while the process of making cruci-
ble steel was known so long ago, rhe
method and process of manufacture is
practically now on the same lines as it
was in the old times.

The most important discovery in this
line was made by Robert Mushet some
forty years ago, who produced a steel
containing a percentage of tungsten,
and called Mushet steel, which marked
a very considerable advance in the man-
ufacture of tool-steel, and for a long
time held the first place in its class.
Since then practical and scientific men
have given their time and thought to
experiment and research, with the re-
sult that remarkable advancement has
been made. Not only has the field of
improvement in tool-steel been advanc-
ed, but as a result of better grades
being produced, experiment has shown
that machinery for metal-cutting can
be speeded up to almost unheard of
velocity, with a consequent increase of
work and great economic saving. There
are records of work done by modem
high speed tools that are almost incre-
dible, as for instance the removal by a

tools, shows what startling progress
has been made.

With these results before them, it is
hardly to be wondered at that the ma-
jority of operators have embraced the
opportunity presented for utilizing such
an economic development, and the
growth in the use of high speed tool-
steel has been almost in a ratio with
the increased speed possible as a result
of their use. This can be more readily
understood when it is recalled that for
many years prior to its introduction,
there had been but little progress in the
manufacture of tool steel or improve-
ment made in its cutting qualities. To
those practical minds that were given
to thought, must have occurred the

and in combination with these two are
variously used molybdenum, tungsten
and chromium, either singly, in pairs
or all three in conjunction, and for the
benefit of those not entirely familiar
with the subject, it might be well to
give briefly the various influences of the
different metals.

The toughening effect of carbon is
well known, as is also the fact that too
high a percentage of it will make the
steel brittle. Percentages ranging from
0.35 to 0.9 or 1.0 give a very tough
steel, and the highest cutting efficiency.
Over this percentage the tools are
found to be unsatisfactory and are liable
to break when the cutting is not con-
tinuous, as in planing.

With chromium at percentages of
from 1.0 to 6.0, varying results have
been obtained. Thus, a low percentage
tends to toughen the steel, and tools
made from it give excellent results on
mild steel and gray iron, but their effi-
ciency was lowered on harder steel. As
with carbon an increased percentage of
chromium gives a harder steel, but for
best results, there must be a decrease
in carbon for a corresponding increase
in chromium.

Vanadium as a substitute for chrom-
ium is not satisfactory, owing to the
fact that, while the cutting qualities on
medium steel are about equal, the in-
creased cost renders it inadvisable.

Tungsten in High-speed Steel.
Nearly all of the high speed tool-
steels now on the market contain tung-
sten in varying proportions. In one
series of experiments on record, the
percentages varied from 9 to 27, and it
was found that when from 9 to 16 p.c.

JHIVIBTOA

]lnsm.«ToH

Fig. 2.— Second Method, Utilizing the Electric Arc.

hope that eventually a steel of greater
cutting possibilities would be produced,
and as a result more work, with a cor-
responding decrease in cost, would be
obtained. The developments of recent
years have, in a measure, realized these
desires, and the wide awake operator of
to-day is availing himself of the oppor-
tunity.

Iron and carbon arc the principal com-
ponents of modern high speed tool-steel.

was present, the cutting efficiency was
very high, but the steel was brittle,
- and no better results were obtained by
increasing the tungsten over 16 p.c,
which seemed to be the limit for best
efficiency. Between 18 and 27 p,c. they
became softer and tougher, the tools
cutting cleanly, but liable to break-
down easily.

Tt has been found that where a large
percentage of tungsten is necessary to

36

T|

CANADIAN MACHINERY

give a high speed steel, a much smaller
percentage of molybdenum will give
equally as satisfactory results, and in
addition steel containing the latter
does not require as high a temperature
for hardening, to obtain the greatest
efficiency, about 1,000 deg. C. being
sufficient, the tools losing in efficiency
and life at higher temperature. Molyb-
denum is, however, comparatively cost-
ly, and while slightly greater efficiency
is obtained in tungsten steel by the ad-
dition of from 0.5 to 3.0 per cent of
this metal, the results obtained are not
proportionate to the cost.

Silicon has been used in percentages
up to 4.0, and up to about 3.0 per
cent, perceptibly hardens the steel and
increases the efficiency on hard mater-
ials. Above that point, howver, there
is a rapid fall in efficiency.

Stands High Temperature.

Now the prime requisite of a high
speed steel is that it shall be capable
of withstanding the high temperatures
generated by friction between the tool
and the work as a result of rapid cut-
ting. Ordinary steel may be made in-
tensely hard by heating and tempering,
but as the frictional temperature in-
creases and reaches approximately
500 deg. F., the hardness rapidly de-
parts. Thus it is necessary, in order
to prolong the life of the tool to run
at a limited cutting speed, and thus
reduce the friction and consequent heat-
ing. On the other hand high speed tools
are efficient at greatly higher tempera-
tures, even to 1,200 deg. F., and, as
the hardening temperature is carried
above the critical point, and rapidly
cooled, so will the frictional tempera-
ture the tool can stand be correspond-
ingly increased. At a temperature of
about 700 deg. C. steel undergoes a
transformation, and it is with the ob-
ject of retarding this that such ele-
ments as those mentioned above are
used. Ordinary carbon steel, or the old
self-hardening steels, required great care
in heating, as, if either were heated
above about 1,600 deg. F. there was
great danger of burning and resulting
impaired efficiency. In the high speed
steel, however, temperatures may be
carried much higher, approximating the
melting point, it being almost impossi-
ble to reduce efficiency by burning. The
heating and tempering of high speed
steel is, however, an important phase
of the subject, and a more than super-
ficial knowledge of it should be sought
by those who handle tools of this
character.

After the steel has been worked into
bars, annealing is probably one of the
most important processes through
which it goes, and thorough and accur-
ate annealing is an important factor in
the production of satisfactory high

speed tools. It not only insures a uni-
form molecular construction, by reliev-
ing internal strains due to casting or
tilting, but leaves the steel soft enough
to be easily machined into any form.
The three principal stages of forging,
hardening and sharpening high speed
tool-steel for use vary in practice and
with regard to the type of steel used,
but for general use may be summarized
somewhat as follows :

Forging.

It is an absolute essential that the
bar be heated thoroughly and evenly,
to the centre of the bar, before cutting
off. If this is not done and it be cut
when cold, end cracks are liable to ap-
pear which may gradually extend and
produce considerable trouble and loss.
After cutting, reheat as before and be
sure it is heated throughout, otherwise,
if the centre be cold, the steel will not
draw or spread out equally, with crack-
ing as a probable result. The steel
may be raised to a yellow heat or
about 1,800 deg. F., when it becomes
soft and is easily forged. When it cools
to a good red, or about 1,500 deg. F.,
forging should be discontinued and the
piece reheated. After the required
shape is obtained, lay aside to cool.

Hardening temperatures vary in ac-
cordance with the class of tool to be
dealt with. Thus for planing, turning
or slotting tools to be hardened, the
point or nose only is heated gradually
to a white heat, just short of melting
while for gear-cutters, twist-drills, taps
and reamers a temperature of about
2,200 deg. F. is required. If the point
of the turning or planing tool should
become slightly fused, it does
not matter, for after cooling
in an air-blast, it only requires grind-
ing to restore it to usefulness. Another
method of treating these latter tools,
is to grind to shape on a dry stone, or
emery wheel, after forging, and when
cold, after which it is heated just short
of melting and cooled as before. In-
stead of the air blast for cooling the
oil bath may be used. In this process
the steel is raised to the white heat,
without melting, and cooled in an air
blast to about 1,700 deg. F., and then
immediately immersed in a bath of
rape or whale oil. The rough grinding
to shape of the tool before heating is
advantageous in this latter process, es-
pecially where tools with a sharp edge
are desired for turret or automatic
lathes, brass workers or finishing tools,
etc.

Electrical Heating.

In this connection the electrical heat-
ing of tools has become an important
factor and either one of the folio-wing
two arrangements may be used for
turning or planing tools with satisfac-

tory results. An arrangement of an
iron tank containing a strong solution
of carbonate of potassium, a dynamo,
rheostat, switches properly fused, etc.,
is shown in Fig. 1.

In this method the current is turned
full on and the tool lowered into the
liquid until the part to be tempered is
immersed. On contact with the solu-
tion of K2 Co3 the electric current is
completed, and intense heat is gener-
ated, and when the tool is sufficiently
heated, the current is shut off, the bath
serving to chill' the steel, thus obviating
the use of an air blast.

The other method is by utilizing the
electric arc, somewhat as in Fig. 2. In
this case the current is derived from a
direct current, shunt wound motor of
220 volts, coupled to a direct current,
shunt wound dynamo of from 50 to 150
volts, and with this combination arcs
up to 1,000 amperes are easily produced
and handled by means of the rhtostat.
The tool to be tempered is fastened on
the positive electrode, and the negative
so arranged that the arc will heat the
point of the tool without approaching
the edge too closely. The current is then
turned on and by means of the rheostat
gradually increased until the proper
heat is obtained, care being exercised
not to raise it enough to burn or fuse
the tool.

The hardening of milling or gear cut-
ters, drills, screw-dies, taps, etc., is a
different proposition and should be
done in an oven or muffle-furnace. For
this purpose a special design is used,
consisting of two chambers, one above
the other, both lined with fire brick,
and the lower heated by a series of
Bunsen burners beneath it. Control of
these burners should be had so that the
temperature in the lower chamber may
be maintained at about 2,200 deg. F.,
while, of course, the upper chamber is
at a much lower heat. After thorough-
ly warming the tool to be hardened, on
the top of the furnace, it is placed in
the upper chamber, and heated to about
1,500 deg. F., then placed in the lower
one and allowed to reach the tempera-
ture of the chamber, or about 2,200
deg. F., at which time the cutting edges
present a greasy appearance, and are a
bright yellow color. They should then
be removed and cooled in an air blast
until they may be handled, then plung-
ed into a bath of melted tallow at
about 200 deg. F., and the heat of the
bath then raised to about 500 deg. F.
At this point the tool should be taken
out and plunged in cold oil.

A knowledge of these points, there-
fore, should be sought after by those
using these steels, and a better under-
standing of them will enable an opera-
tor to work more advantageously and
economically.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

37

When Does it Pay to Instal a Complete New Machine?

In a Paper on " Economical Features of Motor Applications," Read before
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Charles Robbins deals
with the Conditions when Equipping Old Machines with Motor Drive-

new tool. It is evident, therefore, that
although a somewhat greater capital is
required for the new instalation, it is
by far the better investment.

When changing over from lineshaft
drive to individual motor drive the ques-
tion arises whether to equip the old
lineshaft-driven machines with motors
or to install new motor-driven machine
tools. The old machines are not as
strong in construction as new tools de-
signed for motor drive, nor are they
equipped with the latest devices by
means of which the time required to
make adjustments can be greatly re-
duced. Owing to weaker construction
old machines cannot be made to remove
metal as rapidly as machines built with
this point in view. <

The case taken for consideration in-
volves the modification or exchange of a
72-in. vertical belt-driven boring mill,
so as to obtain a greater output at lower
cost per unit of product. This mill, the
original cost of which was $3,200, has
been in use five years. The hourly over-
head operating charge has been deter-
mined at 91 cents. The machinist re-
ceives 35 cents an hour for 54 hours per
week (2,808 hr. per year). The total
earnings for the year from this machine
amount to $4,200. The operating ex-
penses for the year are as follows : —
Overhead 0.91X2,808= $2,555.28

Wages 0.35X2,808= 982.80

Total $3,538.06

Net profit $4,200— $3,538= $662.00

The depreciated value of this tool on
a basis of 10 per cent, reduced balance
is 66 per cent, of its first cost. If a
motor is installed the investment ap-
pears as follows:

Value of tool $0.66X3,200= $2,112.00
Cost of motor, gears, controller,

wiring, etc= 550.00

Total investment $2,662.00

The hourly overhead charge of 91
cents includes interest and depreciation
at 16 cents an hour; the overhead charge
exclusive of interest and depreciation
will therefore be 75 cents an hour. The
depreciation on the new investment for
the remaining five years' life of the tool
will be 20 per cent, per year, making
the charge for interest and depreciation
26 per cent. The operating cost of the
old tool with motor drive is therefore :
Overhead (exclusive of interest
and depreciation) $0.75X2,-
808= $2,106.00

Interest and depreciation, 26

per cent of $2,662= 692.12

Wages, $0.35X2,808 982.12

Assuming 10 per cent, increased earn-
ings, due to adoption of individual motor
drives, makes the total earnings:
$4,2004-$420= $4,620.00

The net profit is then

$4,020— $3,780.92= 839.08

or 31.5 per cerit. interest on the invest-
ment of $2,662.

The corresponding figures based on the
instalation of a new machine tool with
individual motor drive are approximate-
ly as follows. —

Cost of new tool= $3,400.00

Cost of motor, etc.= 270.00

$3,670.00

A MODERN MACHINE TOOL WARE-
HOUSE.

Staff Correspondence.

The A. R. Williams Machinery Co.,
Winnipeg, recently moved into their
new premises on Logan Avenue, and at
the present time are arranging the dis-
play of machine tools on the spacious
main floor of the building. The struc-
ture is one of the finest warehouses in
Canada, being 60 x 130 feet, and four
stories high. It is of solid reinforced
concrete and absolutely fire proof.

The feature of the interior design is
the track facility for loading and un-
loading machines. Trucks may be

The Modern Machine Tool Warehouse of the A. R. Williams Co.. Winnipeg.

Scrap value of old tool at 5% 160.00

Investment $3,510.00

Overhead operating charge —
$0.75X2,808= $2,106.00

Wages as above 982.80

Interest and depreciation for
10 years (depreciation 10%
interest 6%) 16%X3,510= 561.60

Total $3,650.10

Assuming 25% increased output for
the year, the total earnings become:
125% X $4,200= $5^50.00

Net profit is then $5,250— $3,-

650.40= 1,599.60

or 45.3% interest on the investment.
Conclusion.

The rbove figures show that for (he
'i.nditions given, approximately 14 j <?:■
cent, greater return on the investment
is gained by instalation of a complete

driven alongside the large electric ele-
vator on which machines may be loaded
and raised to any floor desired. Runn-
ing from the elevator door on each
floor is a heavy steel track made of a
single bar of steel about 5" x 1". This
track curves around from the elevator
and runs the full length of the building
making it possible to place machines
conveniently at any desired location on
the floor.

The first floor is utilized for steel
drills and large front windows make
a fine display of these from the out-
side. A small but well equipped office
is also on the first floor, immediately
at the right of the -entrance, which is
at the side as seen by the accompany-
ing cut. The second floor displays the
lathes and other heavy tools, and the
third floor stores the bar' iron, shaft-
ing and accessories. The fourth floor
is leased to a stove firm.

Management

IMITATION A SPUR TO EFFICI-
ENCY*

By Walter Dill Scott.

For the sake of clearness in studying
acta of imitation we separate them into
two classes — voluntary imitation (also
called conscious imitation) and instinc-
tive imitation (also known as suggestive
imitation).

A peculiar signature may strike my
fancy so that I unconsciously and de-
liberately may try to imitate it. This
is a clear case of voluntary imitation.
In writing letters or advertisements or
magazine articles. J analyze the work of
other men and consciously imitate what
seems best. Or I observe a fellow labor-
er working faster than I and forthwith
try to catch and hold his pace.

For precisely similar reasons, a
'"loafer" or careless or inefficient work-
man will lower the efficiency or slow

up the production of the men about him.
no matter how earnest or industrious
their natural habits. Night work by
clerks, also, is taken by some office man-
agers to indicate a slump in industry
during the day. To correct this the in-
dividual drags on the organization are
discovered and either revitalized or dis-
charged.

I have seen more than one
machine shop where production
could have been materially
raised by the simple expedient
of weeding out the workmen
who were satisfied with a mere
living wage earned by piece
work, thereby setting a dilatory
example to the rest; and replac-
ing them with fresh men am-

* This article is abstracted from "Psychology
ot Business." a series of articles in "System,"
contributed by Waltor Dill Scott, Director ot
the Psychology Laboratory of Northwestern Uni-
versity. This article deals with human efficiency
and Is based on the experience of executives
whose instincts and intuitions are very keen, and
give them the understanding of employes' mo-
tives and capacities, and suggest methods by
which their full powers may be stimulated and
used. The article is an important one on the
science and art of managing men. For the em-
ploye, it blazes the trail to a plane of wider
usefulness and greater material rewards. For
the employer, superintendent and manager, it
points the way to the knowledge and under-
standing which evokes organization, efficiency
and individual power. — Editor.

'bilious to earn all they could,
who would' have been imitated
by the others.

In these instances it is assumed .that
the imitation is not voluntary but that
we unconsciously imitate whatever ac-
tions happen to catch our attention. For
the negative action, the "slowing down"
process, we have the greater affinity
simply because labor or exertion is natur-

BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.

In this department articles
on costs and saving- of waste
will appear. The leaks and

losses in your factory and my
office, are right at our elbows,
pulling at our cash drawers,
threatening our business to-
day. We must be interested,
7'itally, in possible economics
that will stop our losses, in-
crease our .profits and
strengthen our business.

These articles are to arouse
\ ( >u to inspect your business
now — to get you interested in
stopping them — to arouse
thought, then interest, then
action.

In the June issue will ap-
pear in this department an ar-
ticle showing a successful,
practical cost system in a
manufacturing concern. If
Canadian manufacturers are
to compete in the world's mar-
kets they must know their
costs and eliminate waste.
Knowing the cost will stir
your interest in looking for
waste and the elimination of
waste will reduce your cost.

Let Economy be a watch-
word and remember: Doing
is the only thing that gets re-
sults.

ally distasteful. One such influence or
example, therefore, may sway us more
than a dozen positive impulses towards
industry.

To profit from the instinctive
imitation of my men, I must
control their environment in

shop or office and make sure
that examples of energy and
efficiency are numerous enough
to catch their attention and
establish, as it were, an atmos-
phere of industry in the place.

Conditions may limit or forbid the
use of pacemakers. In construction work
and in some of the industries where there
are" minute sub-division: of operations
and continuity of processes this method
of increasing efficiency is very commonly
applied. In many factories, however,
such an effort to "speed up" produc-
tion might stir resentment even among
the piece workers and have an effect ex-
actly opposite to that desired. The al-
ternative, of course, is for the employer
to secure unconscious pacemakers by pro-
viding incentives for the naturally am-
bitions men in the way of a premium or
bonus s.vstem or other reward for un-
usual efficiency.

To take advantage of their conscious
or voluntary imitation, workpeop'e musi
be provided with examples which appeal
to them as admirable and inspire the
wish to emulate them. The oldest, sim-
plest application of this principle is
seen in the choice of department heads,
foremen and other bosses. Invariably
they win promotion by industry, skill
and efficiency greater than that displayed
by their fellows, or by all-round mastery
of their trades which enable them to
show their less efficient mates how any
and all operations should be conducted.
Judged by the results of the
investigation the most common
use of imitation is in the train-
or ','|breaking-in " of new em-
ployes. 'The accepted plan is
to pick out the most expert and
intelligent workman available
and put the new man in his
charge.

'By observing the veteran and imitating
his actions, working gradually from the
simpler operations to the more complex.
the beginner is able to master technic
and method's in the shortest possible
time. The psychological moment for
such instruction, of course, is the first
day or the first week. New men learn
much more readily than those who have
become habituated to certain methods or
tasks; not having had time or oppor-
tunity to experiment and learn wrong

CANADIAN MACHINERY

39

methods, they have nothing to unleaiM
in acquiring the right. They fall into
line at once and adopt the stride and
tlic manner of work approved by the
house.

This is the specific process by which
the most advanced industrial organiza-
tions develop machine hands and initiate
skilled mechanics into house methods
and requirements. It has been largely
used by public service corporations —
street car motormen and conductors, for
instance, learning their duties almost en-
tirely by observation of experienced men
either in formal schools or on cars in
actual operation. "Many large commer-
cial houses give new employes regular
courses in company methods before en-
trusting work to them; the instructor is
some highly efficient specialist, who shows
the beginner how to get output and
quality with the least expenditure of
time and energy. The same method has
been adapted by leading manufacturers
i'f machines, who Ball their mechanics i r
assenftTers together at intervals and have
the mosl expert among them show how
they conduct operations in which they
have attained special skill.

Educational trips to other
factories were employed by sev-
eral firms to stimulate mental
alertness and the instinct of imi-
tation in their men. These trips
usually supplemented some sort
of suggestion system for encour-
aging employes to submit to the
management ideas for impiuv-
ing methods, machines or pro-
ducts.

( 'ash payments were made for each
suggestion adopted, quarterly prizes of
ten to fifty dollars were awarded for
the most valuable suggestions; and
finally a dozen or a score of the men
submitting the best ideas were sent on
a week's tour of observation of other
industrial centres and notable plants. In
some instances the expense incurred was
considerable, but the companies consider-
ed the money well spent. Not only were
the men making helpful suggestions the
very ones who would observe most wise-
ly and profit mnsl extensively from such
educational trips; they brought back to
their everyday tasks a new perspective.
saw them from a new angle, and fre-
quently offered new suggestions which
mure than saved or earned the vacation
cost.

Business managers, it was made plain,
are coming more and more to depend
upon imitation as one of the great forces
in securing a maximum of efficiency
without risking the rupture or rebellion
which might follow if the same efficiency
were Bought by force or by any method
of conscious compulsion. Tactfully sug-
gested) the examples for imitation will

lead men where no amount of argument
or reasonable compensation will drive
them. I am, therefore, led to suggest
the following uses of imitation for in-
creasing the efficiency of the working
force :

In breaking in new recruits they should
be set to imitate expert workmen in all
the details possible.

Gang foremen and superintendents
should always be capable of "showing
how" for the sake of the men under
them.

The better workmen should, where
possible, be located so they would be
observed by the other employes.

Inefficient help should be avoided lest
the examples of the less efficient should
become the model for the larger group.

Educational trips or tours of inspection
should be regularly encouraged for both
woikmen and superintendents.

$10 For An Idea

Km- the "Business Management"
department of Canadian Machin-
ery.

We want ideas for this depart
ment — ideas of practical, labor-
savins, cost-reducing value. We
will pay at regular rates for each
idea accepted, and in addition will
pay $10 for the best idea sub-
mitted during the next five months
—that is, until Sept. 30, 1910.

Address all communications to
the Editor of Canadian Machinery,
10 Front Street East, Toronto,
Ont.

The deeds of successful houses should
be brought to the attention of employes.

Where conditions admit, pacemakers
should be retained in various groups to
key up the other men.

Favorable conditions should be provid-
ed for conscious and instinctive imita-
tion for all the members of the plant.

INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY.

The Siinonds Mfg. Co.. Fitcbburg. Chi-
cago and Montreal, believe that efficiency
in their plants is greatly increased by
<•, .-operation with their men. Carrying
mil the Simonds policy in connection with
their new saw factory at Lockport, they
will build at once fifty houses for the-
company's employes, on the best lines
that can be found for dwellings of the
type desired, and the settlements will
be brought up-to-date in point of per-
feetness ef equipment and completeness
and every provision made for the health
and pleasure of their employe-tenants.

At the Fitchburg plant the company
maintains a club room, recreation room,

baths, gymnasium and medical service
for its many hundred employes. The
company has also established a complete
pension system for its employes in its
several plants, office force and operatives.

Speaking of all these matters in a
more intimate and personal way, a re-
presentative of the Simonds Mfg. Co.
said:

"Progress along manufacturing lines
is to-day based on quality and service.
As good as our service was, it was prov-
ing inadequate. To win, therefore, that
fullest measure of success which we be-
lieve we merited demands attention
equally to the goods we manufacture,
the conditions under which they are
produced and the way we treat our cus-
tomers. 'The public demand to-day is
for the very best of anything that can
be produced. The best, it is needless to
say, can .be made only under proper, i.e.,
the best conditions. Part of these con-
ditions means affording workmen the
greatest advantages in return for increas-
ingly faithful service. It means regu-
lating the physical or purely mechanical
features of the establishment in a way
that will promote the greatest harmony."

STOCK WISE— LABOR FOOLISH.
By James F. Hobart.

A workman who should know better,
and a foreman who is paid for looking
after things in general are sometimes
guilty of time waste, which is ridicu-
lous when one comes to consider the
matter. For instance in the shipping
department of a machine shop, I re-
cently saw the head of that department
trimming up a stencil, with a scissors,
which the machine had not cut clean
owing to the extreme thinness of the
paper. Ordinary thin wrapping paper
had been used instead of the strong
thick paper provided for the purpose of
stencil-cutting.

Upon being aske<l why he spent so
much time on that work, instead of
using the regular paper, the workman
replied, that he only wanted a very
small stencil and used the wrapping
paper to save the regular paper. As
the man was working 60 hours a week
for $16.50, or 458-1000 cent per minute,
two minutes were spent trimming the
stencil, at a cost of 916-1000 of a cent.
The paper 4 inches wide and 10 inches
long weighed 3-16 ounce and at 10 cents
a pound cost about 1-10 a cent as
nearly as you can figure it. Trying to
economize in that way will never prove
profitable.

Another instance occurred in a large
eastern railroad. The master mechanic
wanted a lot of new ratchet drills at a
cost of $3.48 apiece, that being the
price for which he could purchase 100
new ones. The directors would not lis-
ten to the request, but ordered the

40

CANADIAN MACHINERY

master mechanic to rebuild the old
ratchets in the shop. This was done,
and the cost totaled about $9.80 apiece
for the 100 odd rebuilt ratchets.

Instances of this kind can be multi-
plied indefinitely. They indicate that

someone connected with the mechanical
industry should make it his business. to
watch each operation performed by each
and every man, from general manager
down to water boy, and determine if
there is not some other way of making
those moves which will save one-half
the time, or cost a little less for energy
expended in moving. Truly, this is the
day of small ecomomies ; they must be
looked after closely or many little
losses will creep in. — American Machin-
ist.

STOPPING SHIPPING LEAKS AND
SHORTAGES.

Sealed boxes prevent shipment short-
ages in one factory, says a writer in
"Factory." At first sight they appear
too frail to stand the wear and tear of
the heavier boxes, as the boards are
much thinner. However to offset this,
the boxes are provided with four or five
strong wires with staples securely
driven and firmly clinched by machinery.
The ends of these wires project at the
same edge so that when the box has
been packed they are then sealed with
a leaden seal.

The box can then only be broken into
by breaking the seals or the wires. A
glance will then detect this if the box
has been tampered with and in this way
there is a complete check on the con-
tents while en route.

One company began their use by try-
ing out a sample lot. When the boxes
were first used a letter was sent to
trace the condition of the box at its
destination and it was found that the
consignee was pleased with the box.
The box weighs abQut one-half to one-
third that of the unwired box and in
case of a long haul when it is consider-
ed that the average per cent, of the
weight of packing c£ses is with much
merchandise shipped to the merchants
about 25 p.c. A wire-bound box ship-
ment was a case for Louisville, Ky.
The box and contents weighed 165
pounds and the box weighed only 21
pounds or a little less than 13 per cent.

CUTTING DRAYAGE EXPENSE.
By Rube Borough.

During the first years in which I was
employed in a carriage factory I was
at times a sort of "emergency man."
I trimmed shafts, and, whenever the
supply of finished shafts piled up in ex-
cess of the demand, I was transferred

to other departments of the factory
work. I wiped out odds and ends of
jobs in the "paint shop," in the "black-
smith shop," and I helped out in the
crating room.

The company by which I was employ-
ed owned its horse and dray and did its
own draying. The man who had charge
of this work handed in his time at the
end of the week to the foreman of the
crating room. When not busy with the
dray, he helped to crate the finished
work.

One week during the summer, while
this man was away from the factory,
I was given his job. My duty, as I
sized it up, was to be two-fold : I was
to deliver the crated buggies at the
freight depot and was to bring back
from the freight depot to the factory
the small "sorting up," summer ship-
ments of tires, wheels, seats, bodies,
and so on.

My first day on the job was planless.
I blundered ahead, drawing to the
freight depot in the morning a dozen
crated buggies and wasting time at the
freight depot doors which were almost
constantly besieged during the rush
morning hours by dozens of the town's
draymen. Also I was delayed several
times at side-track crossings.

Late in the morning an incoming
train unloaded the first freight of the
the day, leaving for the buggy com-
pany, a half dozen dray loads of seats,
bodies, tires, wheels, etc. In the after-
noon I drew this stuff to the factory.
T was not delayed — the railroad side-
tracks were clear and there were not
many draymen at the freight depot
doors.

That first day — toward the end of the
afternoon — I worked, for not quite two
hours, in the crating room.

Now, for results of the first day's
work :

First, I must cut in two the number
of trips with the dray to the freight
depot. T must never have an empty
dray behind that horse — it must be
loaded with outgoing freight, always,
on the way over to the freight depot,
and loaded with incoming freight, al-
ways, on the way back to the factory.

Second, I must visit the freight depot
at a time of the day when switching
freight trains and that odd dozen of
other draymen should be out of my
way.

The second day and the rest of the
week, I carried through to a successful
finish a program of «work as follows :
Tn the morning, work in the crating
room. Tn the afternoon, work with the
dray.

By this plan I had three hours more
work in the crating room.— Factory,

TIME LIMIT SYSTEM SATISFAC-
TORY.

By W. R. Smith.

I thoroughly believe that the time
limit is the correct idea. It is the pro-
per system, but it is governed entirely
by conditions. A department cannot
give proper results on a time limin un-
less other departments produce the re-
quired efficiency. Before stating a
standard time for doing a certain
amount of work, you have to check
previous records as to what can be ac-
complished and to find the time requir-
ed to do that work according to other
existing conditions.

The foremen who are in charge of the
men in the different departments look-
over the time slips each morning before
being sent to the General Foreman's
Office, where they are checked over, and
if it is found that a certain piece of
work, we will say for instance putting
on a cylinder, taking down a frame,
sotting guides, piston and crosshead
work, or whatever the case may be, has
cost more than usual or does not com-
pare with previous records, it is imme-
diately investigated as to the reason.
so that we are thoroughly convinced
that our time records are correct before
our time slips go to the time office or
audit department.

INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF MEN

By M. E. D.

It is being recognized almost every
where to-day that the education of the
men is necessary to increase the effi-
ciency of the shops. The railroads in
both United States and Canada have
been leaders and set an example which
might well be followed by Canadian
manufacturing concerns. Examples of
apprenticeship systems on the C.P.R.
and G.T.R. have been given in Cana-
dian Machinery. The following is an-
other example of railroad progressive-
ness and goes to show the value placed
by railroads on education of the men.

To increase the efficiency of the men
operating its trains, the Pennsylvania
Railroad has determined to adopt the
use of signal instruction cars on all of
its divisions. The divisions on the
main line between Philadelphia and
Pittsburg have just been equipped.

The company realizes that safety of
operation depends upon its employes
having a thorough knowledge of all sig-
nals, and it has been decided that ex-
plicit personal instructions shall be
given frequently to enginemen, firemen,
conductors and trainmen. The instruc-
tions to be given in this signal car will
include not only block and interlocking
signals, but all other signals used in
the movement of trains.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

41

Practical Ways of Obtaining Economy in the Factor)

Co-operation Between Men and Foremen, and Managers has Resulted
in Large Annual Saving at Canadian Works of National Cash Register Co.

THE superintendent of the Cana-
dian branch of the National Cash
Register Co. believes in getting
in close personal touch with the work
in the different departments. He works
on the principle that the shop foremen
ought to develop labor saving, cost
reducing schemes. The foreman knows
his department intimately and with a
little incentive, takes pains to think
out better ways of doing the work un-
der his supervision.

The superintendent endeavors to de-
velop the workmen and with this in
view a rest and reading room has been
fitted up where the men may spend a
quiet quarter hour at the noon hour
perusing such mechanical and educative
papers as Canadian Machinery.

Boxes are placed at the stairway
leading to the different floors and here
the workmen are requested to deposit
suggestions which will tend to increase
efficiency and economy, increasing the

cussed and the suggestions of the men
dealt with. Here by the result of
planning schemes have been devised
which have cut $11,400 from the oper-
ating expenses of the factory without
impairing in any way the quality of the
output.

Saving of Waste.

In almost every factory there is an
accumulation of various pieces of fac-
tory equipment, stray bolts, shafting
hangers, belting, etc. At the National
Cash Register Company's works, a
room has been set apart for accumula-
tive stock. If there is a pulley, bolt
or any other piece of factory equipment
not in use it is returned to this room
where it is ticketed and listed. Now
the purchasing agent buys nothing until
the stock keeper is consulted.

Making the Men Punctual.

A simple check system is in use. A
box is located in each department and
the men drop their chocks into the box

1

"k
":

m

^

iS^^S

1 ' ■'-'''

I

a ■• ■

aaa

W'

^,5

*^.

**A -SI

k B

9 !

i

The Stock Koom of National Cash Register Co-. Toronto. A is the Card giving Name and
Number of Part. B is card made in Quadruplicate'. One Copy being Sent to Stock Depart-
ment showing Quantity of Stock Ordered. When it Comes to Hand, it is Checked by Stock
Men. C is Signal Bell. D Shows Small Bo xes Used for the Easy Handling of Parts.

output or reducing the expenses. Per-
haps some impractical ideas are sub-
mitted sometimes but by explaining to
the men why they will not work, other
practical ideas are suggested. At any
rate, it keeps the men thinking and use-
ful ideas are developed.

Banner Department.
To stimulate the practice of economy,
and habits of cleanliness and punctual-
ity, a banner containing the words
"Banner Department" is hung in a
prominent place in the department in
which the best record is made. At the
present time it is in possession of the
Foundry Department.

Fortnightly Conference.
Another scheme Hint lias resulted in
the saving <ii' thousands of dollars each
year is the result of fortnightly con-
ferences held in the reading room.
Means of improving the plant are dis-

in their particular deuartment. Bells in
the different departments are controlled
by the engineer. Automatically, as he
rings the bells at seven and one o'clock,
a simple electrical device closes the
opening in the check box and the late
comer must report to the foremen.

This means a saving as men are
trained to be punctual. Supposing ten
men in the factory, earning $2.00 per
day, were five minutes late each work-
ing day, it would mean a loss to the
company of $50 per year. If there were
20 men it would mean $100 per year ;
if the 20 men lost 10 minutes, the loss
would be $200 ; if the men received $3
a day, it would be $267. Therefore in
teaching the men to be prompt', savings
have been effected in this way.
Indexing the Stock.

In order that the reader may appre-
ciate the saving that may be made by

a well-ordered stookroom is here shown.
It was customary to have one or two
men familiar with all the parts and
depend on them for the delivery of
stock to the various departments. As
there are 13,000 parts kept in stock,
the stores department was crippled if
one of the workmen was ill or away
for a day. It also hindered prompt
deliveries on account of men not fami-
liar with the work, having to handle
the supplies.

A saving of 50 per cent, of the cost
of maintenance has been effected in 'this
way : A card bearing the number of the
part and its name, is fastened to the
front of each pocket in the bins. Then
each row of pockets, and each bin is
numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. The parts
are all listed alphabetically in a book
for the purpose similar to the follow-
ing :

1071 screw for cash drawer 3.16 in. x f in. bin
2. row 2.

It is therefore seen that an unitiated
workman can easily locate stock and
there are therefore no delays in obtain-
ing material.

Piece Work in Erecting Shop.

Satisfactory results have been ob-
tained by introducing the piece work
system in the erecting shop and it is
intended to introduce it into some of
the other departments. When a job is
given to a workman a job card is issued
and this card must be presented to the
foreman to show that the job is com-
pleted before he can obtain a new one.
. In this way the men are prevented from
holding back work and entering it on
the piece work card for the following
day.

Dumb-waiter.

A dumb-waiter has been installed,
which carries the work from the stock
room on the second floor to the ma-
chine shop on the third floor and to
the assembling room on the top floor.
The time of a man is thus saved, for
those employed in the stock room can
send the boxes of small parts to the
departments mentioned.

Obtaining the Men's Enthusiasm.

Mention has been made of the rest
room. In addition their is a coat and
wash room- with rows of lockers, where
the men keep their coats, towels, etc.
The lockers were made by the company
at a cost of about 90cts each. Wire
screening is used for the front of the
lockers.

Two towels and two aprons are sup-
plied each workman per week. Every
week, each is allowed to take a bath
in the company's time, sprinkler baths
being kept up by the company. The
men are thus encouraged to be neat.
Each man and foreman is made as re-
sponsible as is possible for the work
under his charge. It makes them more
enthusiastic and useful ant, they obtain
higher wages.

42

CANADIAN MACHINERY

GnadianMachinery

^Manufacturing News*>

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all users of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
ricity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto

G. C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto

F. C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal

Business Manager
Managing Editor
Associate Editor

OFFICES :

CANADA

Montrbal Rooms 701-703 Eastern

Townships Bank Bldg

Toronto - 10 Front Street East

Phone Main 7324

Winnipeg, 511 Union Bank Building

Phone 372d

F. R. Munro

British Columbia - Vancouver

H. Hodgson,

Room 21, Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street, E.C.

Phone Central 12960

J. Meredith McKim

UNITED STATES

New York - - R. B. Huestis
1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-
ance and Trust Building
Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE

Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,

Paris, France

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Louis Wot

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Cable Address :
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SUBSCRIPTION RATE.

Canada, United States, $1.00, Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4s. 6d., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.

Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified
at once of any change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

Miy, 1910

No. 5

CANADA'S GROWING TRADE.

Canada's total trade for the fiscal year ending last
month reached the record figure of $677,142,189. This is
an increase of no less than $117,506,238, or over twenty
per cent., as compared with the preceding twelve months.
It is an increase of over twenty-six millions as com-
pared with the previous high record of 1907-8. At pre-
sent the regular monthly increases over the correspond-
ing months of last year are running over ten millions
per month, and indications point to a total trade in the
neighborhood of eight hundred millions for the current
fiscal year.

The total imports for the year were $375,783,660,
an increase of $77,659,868 over 1908-9. Exports of
domestic products totalled $279,211,537, an increase of
$36,607,951.

Exports of foreign products totalled $22,146,992, an
increase of $3,238,419. The chief items of export for the
year, with comparative figures are as follows : —

1908-9. 1909-10.

Agriculture $71,997,207 $90,433,747

Forest 39,667,387 47,517,033

Animals and their produce. 51,349,646 53,926,515

Mines 37,257,699 10,087,017

Manufactures 28,957,050 31,494,916

Fisheries 13,319,664 15,627J48

The total duty collected for the year amounted to
$61,010,489, an increase of $12,269,475.

The total trade for March last was $66,564,208, an
increase of $13,250,000. Imports for the month totalled
$43,391,991, an increase of about $10,500,000. Exports
of domestic products totalled $22,199,275, as compared
with $18,397,974 in March of last year.

CO-OPERATIVE TECHNICAL EDUCATION.

In this issue of Canadian Machinery we publish a
paper written by Robert Patterson, in which he advocates
technical education for apprentices. He suggests that i!
be made possible for an apprentice, on completion of his
term of practical training, to attend the university for a
year, and combine theory and practice.

It is a poor rule that does not work both ways, and
if the combination of theory and practice is good' for an
apprentice, it is also good for a student at the university.
At some of our Canadian universities there axe mechanical
laboratories, where the students learn to run a lathe, use
a drill, planer, etc., but it is the seven o'clock whistle, and
the clink of the time check that makes a student know
what his education is worth.

A young man in attendance at one of our universities
spent his summers in one of the large locomotive simps.
At the close of his second summer he went into the office
to bid the master mechanic good-bye. It was a thoughtful
time for him, and he thus addressed the head of the
shops:

"I have speut Iwo Bummers in the shops and any of
the apprentices can take hold of a job and do it 'better
than I can. Next spring I hope to get my degree; what
am I then fitted for?"

That master mechanic had a great respect for that
young man on account of his coming to the point of un-
derstanding. He realized, as all should, that when a man
receives a salary or wages, the company makes an invest-
ment to the amount of the salary" and wages, and the man
must be in a position to give returns for that investment,
which will justify the expenditure.

The student was recommended to spend another year
or two in the shop and then, with both the theoretical
and the practical knowledge combined, he would be
prepared to take a more responsible position than he
otherwise would.

Frederick W. Taylor, who presented that notable paper
before the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, a
short time ago, on "The Art of Cutting Metals," has
taken an active interest in technical education, and he
says :

"At college a very large amount of time is given up
to the study of materials. Practically his whole chemical
course is the study of materials. A very considerable part
of his course in physics lias to do with materials. The
greater pari of his work in a mechanical laboratory) is
a study of materials. Do you realize that the great raw
material with which more than One-half of the successful
graduates of our technical schools have to deal, receives
mil a, single hour of study at our colleges and universities,
not one hour? That the great raw material with which
the managers, superintendents, presidents, every man of
our large companies is dealing, is men? And these one-
half of the students, who are finally called upon to man-
age workmen, learn nothing whatever about that at col-
lege. At twenty-two years of age on the average they
land outside of college without the slightest knowledge of
the great raw material with which more than one-half
of them will have to work throughout their lives."

A joint committee appointed by seven of the English
engineering societies, with three of the professors from
universities, unanimously voted that it was desirable to

CANADIAN MACHINERY

4:!

have two years' apprenticeship before students graduated
as engineers. This is a very remarkable recommendation.
It would, however, give the student a chance to under-
stand shop conditions, and will show him that each one
in an organization must become one in a train of gears.
The combination of practical and theoretical will ensure
success.

RAILROADS AS A TRADE BAROMETER.

For years the baying of the railroads has 'been looked
upon as a trade barometer. At the present time large
orders for freight equipment are being placed by the
railroad corporations. Recently the C.P.K. placed an
order for 1,000 steel freight cars, and within the past two
weeks a second million-dollar order for 1,000 cars, all of
which will be ready for the 1910 harvest. In addition to
these orders, which have been pieced with an outside com-
pany, aiid which are being turned out at the rate of
fifteen cars per day, the C.P.R. are building twenty-four
ears per day, making a total output of nearly forty cars
per day.

The G.T.'R. is calling for tenders for well over $3,-
000,000 of freight equipment, much of which is being or-
dered in anticipation of the wheat business from the wesi
next year. The prospective order includes two thousand
five hundred steel-frame box cars nf HW),O0() pounds ca-
pacity, especially designed for wheat carrying, and of a
type which is a radical departure for the road. Twenty
of these cars in a train will carry a thousand tons of wheal.
and they will be utilized next fall when the western har-
vest starts.

In addition, the (i.T.K. is now advertising for lenders
for 500 special automobile cars. These are steel-frame.!
box-cars, with doors taking up almost their whole end, an
that big touring cars can easily be run in or out. The
Grand Trunk touches Detroit and other big auto manufac-
turing cities, and has found special equipment necessary
for this trade.

It is preparations like this that convey confidence to
those who want more than general opinion before they are
satisfied as to a country's prospects. "When men who have
their pulse so truly on the situation, like those constituting
the management of our great railroads, start such equip-
ment provision there can tie little room for doubt.

+■

AIMS TO CURB COMBINES.

Hon. Mackenzie King, Minister of Labor, has introduc-
ed a bill in the Dominion Parliament, which aims to pro-
vide machinery for investigating charges that prices of
commodities have been unduly enhanced by combines.

The bill, in brief, provides that where six or more per-
sons are of opinion that a combine exists, and that prices
have been enhanced or competition restricted by reason of
such combines, to the detriment of consumers, they may
make an application in writing to a High Court judge for
an order directing an investigation into such alleged com-
bine. If upon such hearing the judge is satisfied that
there is reasonable ground for believing that a combine
exists which is injurious to trade, or which has operated
to the detriment of consumers, and that it is in the pub-
He interest that an investigation should be held, the judge
shall direct an investigation. The Minister of Labor then
chooses a board of three members to investigate the al-
leged combine, which if found guilty, is liable to a fine of
$1,000 a day and costs for each day it offends after the
expiration of ten days from the date of the publication of
the board's report in the Canada Gazette.

The bill has been introduced late in the session and as
it is an important measure, it is likely to be held over
until next parliament before final adoption. Mr. King
will have the sympathy of a large body of Canadian
citizens in his endeavor to restrict the harmful influences
of trusts and combines, while leaving trade associations
free to continue their regulation of the minor details af-
fecting their various industries.

The chief defect of the bill proposed seems to be the
ease with which a handful of individuals could cause busi-
ness enterprises a lot of trouble by compelling them to
present books and other documents in court to disprove
charges which may or may not have been laid by respon-
sible persons. A discussion of the features of the bill is
desirable and wise action would be taken in referring it
to a committee of the House or allowing it to stand over
until the next session of Parliament.

IRON MILLS TO MERGE.

The latest rumor in connection with the proposed mer-
ger of various iron and steel mills is that the Dominion
Iron and Steel Co. are interested in the offer to purchase
the Montreal Rolling Mills. This is incorrect, however.

The Dominion Iron and Steel Co. were mentioned in
this connection some time ago but more recently the un-
derstanding has been that the merger would include the
Hamilton Steel and Iron Co., the Canada Screw Co , the
Canada Bolt and Nut Co. (with mills at Brantford, To-
ronto, Belleville and Gananoque), and the Montreal Rol-
ling Mills. There has been trouble in securing the approv-
al of the Hamilton Steel and Iron Co.'s shareholders,
however, they holding out for .$9,000,000 in stock in the
new company, whereas they have only been offered $7;-
500,000 in merger stock for their $3,000,000 of Hamilton
Steel and Iron stock. This seems to have upset arrange-
ments as it is now said that the merger will be gone on
with without any steel company being included, it being
purely an iron mill consolidation.

That the proposition is progressing is evident from
the fact that the directors of the Montreal Rolling Mills
issued on Thursday of this week a circular to sharehold-
ers advising them to accept the private offer made of $300
per share for stock which has been quoted at $250. Re-
plies are requested by June.

A considerable step forward was made when the Can-
ada Bolt and Nut Co. consolidated half a dozen mills un-
der one head, and if the Hamilton and- Montreal mills join
interests with the Canada Company, having headquarters
in Toronto, the finished iron products industry will be in
a strong position and capable of competing successfully
with the large United States corporations.

If no steel mill is included in the iron merger, it is
probable that the merger of Canadian steel industries,
suggested some months ago, will be gone on with and the
leading Canadian iron and steel industries consolidated
tinder two heads working in alliance with each other.

ELIMINATION OF WASTE.

A question that is receiving the attention of manufac-
turers at the present time, probably more than ever be-
fore, is the saving of waste. In factories similar con-
ditions exist as in locomotive repair shops,. and in both
these, as Mr. Smith points out in 'the article "Making an
Annual Saving of Thousands of Dollars," great savings
can often be made by eliminating the expensive handling
of material. In the case in point, $8,000 was saved an-
nually by the installation of a crane. The store room is
often the source of a great deal of waste which may be

44

CANADIAN MACHINERY

greatly reduced by storing material in bins, protecting it
from atmospheric conditions, etc.

In this connection also a great responsibility rests on
the purchasing agent. This is also pointed out by Mr.
Smith. Proper materials should be on hand when required
and purchased when they are cheapest. The using of more
expensive material than is required, because it is on
hand and the specified material is not in the store de-
partment, is a source of waste which should be avoided.

A buyer for a manufacturing works often tries to have
as little stock on hand as he possibly can. It costs
money to carry stock, he says, and money brings in a
large interest. It must also be remembered, however,
that it costs money to wait for stock ;' it costs many
times what the stock is worth to wait for it. In many
cases it will be found that it pays to carry a large
stock, especially of standard articles.

One way in which a saving can be made is to get the
full efficiency from the machines at all times. The intro-
duction of high speed steel has assisted us in doing this to
a certain extent. The design of machine tools has had
to advance to keep pace with the use of high speed steel
and a great economy has been effected in largely increased
production.

Another thing that works for economy is to have a
well-balanced shop, that is, that production in the various
departments must be balanced in such a manner, that
the erecting shop has always a supply of material. This
applies to all classes of factories. In the locomotive
shop, the boiler, foundry and machine shops must work
together to get the highest efficiency out of the shops.
If the erecting shop cannot get cylinders from the found-
ries, or if they cannot get work from the machine shop,
the department at fault should be strengthened to bring
it up to the producing strength of the other shops.

The railroad shops of to-day are among the most pro-
gressive in securing economies and the manufacturers,
generally, who look after the small items are placed in a
better position to compete in the world's markets.

One reason for this is that the railroad official is
ever ready to investigate anything which will result in
further economies in the shops. A railroad repair shop
is, as a rule, a model of economy. The machinery equip-
ment is suited to the purpose for which it is intended and
by the systems in use, stock is carefully accounted for,
tools are taken care of and departments are in close
touch with the master mechanic.

In the twentieth century development, however, new
schemes are being devised which make it necessary for
every manufacturer, master mechanic, superintendent and
foreman to be on the alert. The reason for the growth
and success of many industries is that the waste is taken
care of and economies are introduced which has enabled
them to make considerable profits. Some hard study is
necessary to reduce the costs of manufacturing but the
achievements of those who are eliminating waste, show
that it is worth the investigation and work connected
with it.

SECRET COMMISSIONS ACT.

His Lordship, Justice Magee says it is illegal for a
purchaser to accept a secret rebate. The Secret Com-
missions Act makes no distinction between receiving and
giving a secret commission.

Justice Magee says : "If you sent your servant to
market to buy a horse and there he meets with a man
who offers him a horse at $150 and says, 'If you will
buy this hovse at $150 I will give you $10 of it to your-
self ; and you need not have any compunction about it,
because I would not let your master have it for less
than $150,' And your servant gets it for $150 and puts

the $10 in his pocket, you can recover that $10 from
your servant. It is your money, not his, because it was
made out of the transaction which he was carrying on
with some person else for you ; now, that is clear law.
So, a commercial traveler sent out by a house here in
Canada to buy goods for that house in the States, and
he may be offered a commission by a person in respect
to the goods he buys. When he comes back to Canada,
if the transaction ever becomes known, he is liable to
pay over that rn.jney to his employers. He has no right
to be paid at both ends, unless it is known. This ques-
tion of double commissions has for a long time past been
quite too common, and has been permeating to a large
extent the commercial life of the country. So much is
that the case that last year the Dominion Government
passed an act making it a criminal offence to take a
double commission."

Let us see whether the other half of the act is not
just as binding on the giver of the secret rebate as it
is on the receiver. Clause (b) reads as follows : "Being
an agent, corruptly gives or agrees to. give or offers any
gift or consideration to any agent as an inducement or
reward or consideration to such agent for doing or for-
bearing to do, or for having after the passing of this
Act done or forborne to do, any act relating to his
principal's affairs or business, or for showing or for-
bearing to show favor or disfavor to any person with
relation to his principal's affairs or business."

It must be evident from the above that the object
of the law is to prevent the seller from giving a secret
commission. So that the traveler who gives a secret
rebate or other consideration is clearly violating the
act.

So far as the liability of the person who accepts the
secret rebate is concerned, clause (d) covers that. It
reads : "Every person who is a party or knowingly
privy to any offence under this act shall be guilty of
such offence and shall be liable upon conviction to pun-
ishment hereinbefore provided for by this section."

So that an engineer or any other person who accepts
a secret commission or consideration is guilty under the
provisions of the act and liable to the penalties it im-
poses.

Canadian Machinery is pleased to know that its posi-
tion has been so fully endorsed by such an eminent au-
thority as Justice Magee. We are especially pleased be-
cause it tends toward honesty in business and it should,
therefore, be hailed with pleasure by every honest person
in Canada.

TO HELP CANADIAN ZINC INDUSTRY.

A bill introdoced by Hon. Wm. Templeman is now be-
fore the House of Commons at Ottawa authorizing the
expenditure of $50,000 for investigating processes used in
the production of zinc and for making experiments for the
the promotion of the production and manufacture in Can-
ada of zinc and zinc products from Canadian ores.

The bill has already been read a second time and been
considered in committee, and it will likely be passed.

Some $2,500,000 was voted several years ago for a
bounty on lead production, and of this $1,000,000 remains
in the treasury. The present bill proposes to expend $50,-
000 of this balance on zinc experiments.

There are no zinc smelters, in Canada at present. One
was started at Frank, Alta., some years ago, but the pro-
position was not a success. Lead and zinc are closely al-
lied in the ores of British Columbia and to save the sine,
which at present j;oes to waste, the Government has con-
sented to conduct experiments in Canada, the United
States and in Europe.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

TURNING SEMI-CIRCULAR
GROOVES.

By J. H. R., Hamilton.

The accompanying cut shows a device
for turning semi-circular grooves in
small wheels as shown.

The device is practically a compound-
rest with the addition of a worm and
worm wheel for revolving the tool.

The piece P is bolted to the com-
pound rest R by the bolt B, the tongue
t fitting the slot in the rest R.

The worm wheel is secured to the ex-
tension on piece A which passes through
piece P and held in position by the
washer W and cap screw C.

On the side of the piece P are two

brass parts. As they come from the
foundry they are sorted into bins ; as
the stock is required the pieces are
taken to the machine shop. Here they
are handled again by the driller, the

Box for Handling Duplicate Parts.

lathe hand or the assembling man or
all three.

For the handling of small part eco-
nomically, the accompanying' sketch
shows one that has met with the ap-

Turning Semi-Circular Grooves.

lugs L L, which carry the shaft S on
which is secured the worm O. The top
slide T is for setting the tool when the
centre of motion x y is in the desired
position.

HANDLING SMALL PARTS ECO-
NOMICALLY.

By K. Campbell.

In a great number of shops, such as
tn agricultural works, there are a great
number of small parts to be handled.
there are malleable, grey iron and

proval of a number of factory mana-
gers. The size can be varied, but it is
not advisable to make them too large.
As a driller completes the operation on
a piece, he can drop them into a second
box. Then they can be passed along to-
the assembling room without the labor
of picking them up off the floor before
and after each machining operation.

WEIGHT OF SHEET ZINC.

By J. Sfraveley.

The accompanying table gives some

useful information on the weights of

sheet zinc. In the first column is "Zinc
< lunge"; in the second, "Birmingham
Wire Gauge"; third, weight per square
foot in lbs. The last two columns give
the weights of standard sheets 7 ft. x
3 ft. and 8 ft. x 3 ft., for various gauges.

Weight of Sheet Zinc.

■s „

.2 *

p

§ 2

.5 «
No. 6

6
is
ti
30

he S a

•S M

0.418

Sol"

aj «a CC

-Esfi t-
8.778

3 o „ *•

S= £ tr. Jo
10.032

No.

7

29

0.484

10.164

11.016

Xo.

8

28

0.555

11.655

13.320

No.

9

27

0.644

13.524

15.456

No.

10

25

0.714

14.994

17.136

No.

11

24

0.832

17.472

19.968

No.

12

23

0.945

19.845

22.680

No.

13

22

1.063

22.320

25.512

No.

14

21

1.172

23.612

28.128

No.

15

20

1.360

28.560

32.640

No.

16

19

1.546

32.466

37.104

No.

17

18

1.730

36.330

41.520

FACTORY OR FOUNDRY SKYLIGHT

The skylight shown in the accom-
panying sketches has been designed to
meet the demand for a cheap but abso-
lutely strong and weather tight light
and can be made advantageously in
sizes up to 3x3 feet. It is of simple
construction, and can be made com-
plete in three hours by a competent
mechanic. If it is necessary to use
these lights in various sizes, sheet
metal stub patterns should be made as
shown in the drawings. The length of
the bars is computed by the usual
methods, except that as they do not
come down on the glass rest of the
curb; the common bars are cut %-in.,
and the hip bars f-in. less than meas-
urements.

The vent neck is made in one piece,
as shown in the isometric drawing. In
bending this sheet it should be creased
along the lines G H before beins: form-

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS

Subscribers will confer a favor on us by
notifying us in case they are not receiving
their paper regularly, or if the\ find they
have missed one or more issues. We send
out thousands of copies each month, and
tt is only natural to suppose that a few
copies witl go astray in the mails, even
though every precaution is taken by us to
avoid this.

We should also be notified at once of
any change of address, giving both old and
new addresses.

46

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ed into the required shape. The corners to the vent at T set them mi the eurh
should then be cut out at M, M, M, and and tack at R, Next put in the hip
the sides of the neck pulled around until bars and tack at H and S. The sky-

\

y; MAKE MEM. X" LEE*

I* HMtAB. POINTS »

Pattern of Hood

A PuttyloM Skylight.

Factory or Foundry I'uttyless Skylight.

the corner A B meets the solder lap
at C.

To ensemble, the four sides of the
curb should be soldered together and the
ventilator completed. After the four
common bars have have been soldered

light should now be turned over and the
bars soldered at U and the hips at T.
It is then ready to be turned back and
the glass laid on. Now put on the bar
caps and solder to vent at S, thus
completing the skylight.

Screw Cutting on Engine Lathe Clearly Explained

Methods of Obtaining Different Trains of Gears Necessary to Cut
the Various Threads are Given, Formulae being Illustrated with Examples-

By J. H. R-, Hamilton.

Modern methods have to a great ex- considerable value to a great number
tent revolutionized this branch of the of the readers of this paper,
machine industry, and while this article ** "P^[ov on a lathe of modern

.„ , , , make, with instantaneous change gears,

will not appeal to the advanced class , , , . , . -

Simply lias to read an index plate, move

of machine operators, there will prob- ,,,,,. ,',,. „„„.,. |(.vt.rs atuj ,|)(1 |atne ja
ably be some points which wi'l prove of ready to cut the thread.

Bul if an odd thread is to 'be cut
which the modern lathe will not handle
(or in a small jobbing shop), it must
be cut in the engine lathe with the in-
dividual change gears.

The object of this article is to make
clear the method of determining the dif-
ferent trains of gears necessary to cut
the various threads. Fig. 1 shows a sim-
p'e train of gears, while Fig. 2 shows a
compound train. When cutting a cer-
tain number of threads per inch the
ratio of speeds between the work and
the load screw must be determined.

If a lathe lead screw has a pitch of
t-6-inch, or six threads to the inch, ami
it is required to cut a thread of the same
pitch, it is clear that the ratio will be
l>:0 or 1:1; that is, the lead screw must
make one revolution while the work is
making one revolution.

Bui if the thread to be cut is 1-8-inch
pitch, or 8 threads to [he inch, the lead
sorew must only make six revolutions
while the work makes eight revolutions.

Always remember that the number of
revolutions of the work multiplied by
the number of teeth in the driving gear
must equal the revolutions of the lead
screw multiplied by the number of teeth
in the driven gear.

This applies also to the compound
train. To find the gears necessary to
cut the above 'by simple train.

Threads per inch on the work=8,

Threads per inch on lead screw=G.

It' we have gears with (> and 8 teeth
we have to put the 6 on the work spin-
dle, and the 8 on the lead screw; but
as years are seldom, if ever, made with
less than 20 teeth for interchangeable
gear on engine lathes we must find a
pair of gears that will give us the de-
sired ratio.

Select one of the smaller gears, say
24, and divide it by the threads per inch
on the lead screw (6), which gives us
4, and then multiply by the number of
threads to be cut (8), which gives us 32
for the gear on the lead screw, or mul-
tiply both numbers 6 and 8 by any num-
ber for the gears required, as:

6X5 30 gear on spindle.

8X'r> 40 gear on lead screw.
OX" 30 gear on spindle,

SXfi 48 gear on lead screw.
(>X7 42 gear on spindle.

8X7 86 gear on lead screw.
By General Formula.

wxs

WXS=LXD or D=

L

where

W=threads per inch to be ci'.i.
S=number of teeth in gear on spind'e,
L=t breads per inch on lead screw,

CANADIAN' MACHINERY

47

D— number of teeth in gear mi lead

screw.

Using iii the above question
8X24

I)= =32 teeth.

6

Suppose we have to cut a screw TS'o
thread per inch on the above lathe. An
easy way is to figure on a 2 incil basis
instead of one inch, thus removing the
fraction, this will give 7 threads on the
work and 12 mi the lead screw.

By formula
'\VXS 7X48

D= = — =28 teeth.

L 12

Select a gear for S that will be divisible
by 12.

To cut a screw of %-inch pitch (that
is. 8 threads in 3 inches) on a 4-thrcad
lead screw.

Threads in 3 inches on \vork=S.

Threads in 3 inches on lead screw=
4X3=12.

Bv formula
WXS 8X48

D= = =32 teeth.

L 12

To prove whether your gears will cut
the thread.

wxs

WXS=L,XD or =0.

LXD

WX« 8X48
=0= =0.

LXD

12X32

To find gears to cut a screw of 5-32-
int-h pitch with a 5-thread lead screw.

Threads in 5 inches on work=32.

Threads in 5 inches on lead serew=
5X5=2").

Bv formula, D=

wxs

Select a gear for S that is divisible by
25, thus—

32X60

n^= =64 teeth.

25
Proof—
WXS 32X50
= =0.

DXL 25X64

Suppose we have 24 threads to cut on
a 0-thread lead screw. Smallest gear on
lathe has 24 teeth. Largest, gear on
lathe has 80 teeth. Ratio of speeds=
24:6=4:1.

Bv formula

WXS 24X24

D= = =96 gear required

L 0

for simple train.

As we have no 96 gear we must use a
compound train.

Divide 96 by 2=4S for gear on lead
screw. For the intermediate gears A
and B. Fig. 2. use any pair with a ratio

of 2:1, as 80 and 40. 72 and :i(i, etc. Run
the 24 into 80 and 40 into 48.

Proof of Correct Gearing.
Threads on workX'lriving gears

Threads mi lead screwXdriven gears=

24X24X40

0

6X80X48
In the above problem the 96 could have
been divided (by any number, but what-
ever number is used as a divisor the
ratio of the intermediate gears must, cor-
respond. Dividing by 3 the ratio of in-
termediate srears must be 3:1. Dividing

To Determine a Train of Gear to Chase
the Spiral.

Threads mi work in 9% inchcs=0.
Threads on lead screw in 9% inches=
9%X4=39. Ratio=6 :39=1 :6y2.

Converting the 6y2 into three factors
(mie single and two double factors) as

5
2(1X2) (1X1— ) which equals GV.,.
8

Select a gear for the lead screw, say
40, and solve for the rest.

Take the first factor (2) and multiply
byi 40, which gives 80 for gear on the
spindle.

/<>. J.

fiyZ.

J— &

Fio. -/. U

fir. 3 .

Screw Cutting in Engine Lathe.

by 4 the ratio is 4:1. Dividing by 2V2
the ratio is 2y2 :1.

To «ut a thread of 1-28-inch pitch on
a 5-tbread lead screw.
Ratio— 2S :5.
By formula —
28X20

D=-

=112 gear on lead screw,

for simple train.
Using 2 1-3 as a divisor,
112 3
112-^-21-3=— X-^=48 gear for lead

1 7
screw.

Intermediate gear ratio=2 1-3:1=70:
30

Proof of correct gearing —
28X20X30

=0.

5X70X48
Sometimes a job will come along where
one pair of intermediate gears will not
solve the trouble, and another pair is
necessary, as shown in Fig. 3. .An in-
stance in mind is several brass spirals
which had a pitch of 1.625 inches, or 6
revolutions in 9% inches (to be cut on
a lathe with a 4-thread lead screw).

Ratio of first pair of intermediate
gears, as shown by the second factor.
(1X2) is: 1:2=45 :90.

Ratio of second pair, as shown by
third factor (1X1%), is: 1:1%=40X65.

Train of gears— 80 into 45. 90 into 40.
65 into 40.

Proof of correct gearing, Fig. 3.

WXSXBXF 6X8OX90X65

= =0

LXDXAXE 39X40X45X40
Grinding Cutting Tool.

In cutting threads, especially those of
coarse pitch, .care should 'be taken to
have the tool ground to the proper angle.

To find the desired angle proceed as
follows: On a piece of tin draw an in-
definite straight line, ab. Fig. 4; from C
drop a perpendicular, CD, making CD
equal to the circumference of the work
measured at the root of the. thread. On
ab lay off ce, equal to the pitch of the
screw; connect ed. then aed is the angle
of inclination. Give the forward side
I' of the tool a little more clearance than
this angle. •

48

CANADIAN MACHINERY

When cutting square threads of single
or multiple, a narrow-nosed tool is usual-
ly used for roughing, and finish with one
the exact size.

Fig. 5 shows a handy faoe-plate when
cutting double, triple or quadruple
threads, the slots 'being placed equal dis-
tance around the face.

When cutting V-threads a good way is
to swing the compound rest, making
an angle of 28 or 29 degrees, as shown in
Fig. 6, with the cross-feed and using
the compound rest feed for making the
cut, as the cutting is done with one side
of the tool, the other side just scraping.
This in many cases will prevent tearing
the thread.

Correspondence

'Readers are invited to send in replies
to answers asked under "Correspon-
dence," and these will be paid for at
regular editorial rates. Anyone desiring
the names of firms manufacturing cer-
tain lines will be answered under this
heading. 'Comments on previous articles
containing good ideas will be paid for. —
Editor.

Wire Springs.

I would like the address of a company
who can supply me with a machine for
turning continuous wire springs. — N. S.
Subscriber.

Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal, are
agents for companies manufacturing
automatic spring coilers. If any other
dealers handle such a machine we will
forward their literature to the inquirer
at their request. — Editor.

• • • •
Oxy-Acetylene Welding.

I would like the addresses of firms in
Canada handling oxy-acetylene appara-
tus.— Manitoba.

The Expanded' Metal & Fireproofiug
Co., Toronto, handle the Davis-Bournon-
ville apparatus and the Linde British
Co., Montreal, handle the Linde appara-
tus.— Editor.

• • • •

Hardening Steel Gears.

In the current issue of "Canadian
Machinery" a manufacturer asks for a
practical method of hardening steel cut
gears, but the information given is a lit-
tle vague to be of value in determining
the method that should be employed.

Steel is a very general term. A few
years ago, the Cutlers Co., Sheffield,
took proceedings against a firm of manu-
facturers who were turning out table
blades made from common iron, to which
a small quantity of mild steel punchings
had been added, and stamping them
"Sheffield Steel."

In hardening steel, it is absolutely ne-
cessary to know the analysis of the ma-
terial and just as necessary to have good
practical appliances for uniformly heat-
ing and cooling the articles. The sketch
given shows, I should judge, an article
sufficiently expensive to justify a still
further expenditure on a small hardening
plant which would ensure a successful
treatnemt. — F. W.

• • • •

Power of Belts.

Do you know a good shop method for
quickly calculating the power transmitted
by belts? I would appreciate receiving
same. — 'Tweed.

The following formulae give the horse-
power which may 'be safely transmitted
by belts:

wXt

H.P. of single=

H.P. of double=

600
wXt

400
where w=width of the belt in inches,
and t=number of feet 'belt travels per
minute. Thus a single belt 3 inches wide
running 300 feet per minute, will trans-
mit 3X3O0-H6O0=iy2 horse-power. A
double belt 8 inches wide running 800
feet per minute will transmit 8X800-=-
400=16 horse-power. — Editor.

• • • •

Cubic Inches in Gallon.

How many cu. ft. in a U. S. gallon,
how many in an Imperial gallon? What
are their weights? — Ontario Subscriber.

A U.S. gallon contains 231 cu. in., or
.1337 cu. ft., and weighs 8,356 lbs. An
Imperial gallon contains .1607 cu. ft.,
and weighs 10.042. It is generally stat-
ed that a gallon of pure water weighs
10 lbs.— Editor.

• * • •

Vulcanizing Rubber Tires.
In reply to "Mildmay," we would ad-
vise him to read "India Rubber and Its
Manufacture," by Herbert L. Terry. This
book may be secured at the following
address: '"Technical Books, 10 Front
St. East, Toronto." Chapter IV. is de-
voted wholly to vulcanization and the
various methods. They are also treated
under the various products. In chapter
XVII. India rubber tires are d«alt with,
thirteen pages being devoted to tires.' —
Editor.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION COMMIS-
SION FOR TORONTO.

The following commission appointed
as a result of a conference of the Y.M.
C.A., and other bodies interested in the
industrial needs of Toronto, will in-
vestigate the requirements of commercial
and technical education in Toronto:

Wm. Pakenham, B.A., Dean of the
Faculty of Education in the University

of Toronto, chairman; R. H. Verity,
general superintendent of the Massey-
Harris Co., representing the Young
Men's Christian Associations of Toron-
to; Frank Bancroft, a member of the
educational committee of the Toronto
District Labor Council; J. D. Allen, vice-
president of the A. A. Allan Co., repre-
senting the Board of Trade; and Geo. A.
Howell, of the Standard Paper Co., re-
presenting the Toronto Branch of the
Canadian Manufacturers' Association.

The work of the Commission is as fol-
lows:

' ' The commission shall report upon
the conditions and requirements of com-
mercial and technical education, partic-
ularly of boys and young men, in the
City of Toronto, and upon how those
needs may be met. The commission shall
also indicte how the Young Men's
Christian Association may co-operate in
providing for such educational needs.
As the Toronto Y.M.C. Association are
planning three new buildings, they have
combined forces with other organizations
in obtaining information to assist them
in their educational courses, which will
be carried on in their new buildings.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION COMMIS-
SION.

Hon. W. L. McKenzie King has an-
nounced recently that a commission on
technical education, consisting of prob-
ably five men, to have the widest powers
of investigation, will be appointed by
the Dominion Government. The commis-
sion will have authority to go to the-
United States, Britain, Germany and oth-
er European countries in search of infor-
mation. They will then submit a worthy
plan of technical education that may be
taken up by the province. The Domin-
ion will co-operate with the provinces as
far as it can under the constitution.

BOUNTY ON WIRE RODS.

Hon. Mr. Fielding' has given notice
of the .following' resolution : "Resolved,
that it is expedient to provide that no
bounties snail be payable in respect to
rolled round wire rods after June 3'>,
1S)11, under the provisions of the Ast of
1907, respecting bounties on iron and
steel, except on such rods as may have
been otherwise entitled to the pay men I
of bounties, and which were on or be-
I'nie the saidi date sold to wire manufac-
turers for use or used in making wire
by the makers of such rods in their own
factories in Canada."

D. J'. Tayilor, Kegina, has been appoint-
ed manager of the Winnipeg branch of
the Gould, Shapley & Muir Co., of Brant-
ford, Ont.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

CARE OF BELTS.
By J. H., Hamilton.

Leather belts being one of the great-
est mediums for the transmission of
power, the care and service of the belt
and accessories should be one of the
chief duties of the engineer, or man in
charge.

Leather belts should always be run
with the hair or grain-side next the
pulley, as the strongest part of the
belt is near the flesh side ; the hair
side being more brittle than the flesh
side, the compression will come upon
the inside of the belt when passing over
the pulley. Wherever possible the driv-
ing portion of the belt should come upon
the lower side, as the slack of the belt,
caused by the extra tension of the drive
will come on the upper portion of the
belt, thereby giving more surface con-
tact on the pulleys.

Where flanges are used to guide a
belt, or in the case of cone pulleys, the
face of the flange or cone should be
undercut as shown at (a) Fig. 3, and
kept elean. If dirt and grease are al-

rough. If a guide is necessary a roller
should be placed in position instead
of the stick, but a better way would be
to remedy the cause of the trouble,
which would likely prove to be a de-
fective pulley, poor belt lacing or the
shafting out of alignment.

Where belts run at a very high speed,
care should be taken to have the pulleys
run as true as possible. If the pulleys
are not running true, the centre or
crown is continually changing its posi-
tion, and as the belt cannot follow this
change fast enough, the belt will oscil-
late from side to side, especially if the
belt is slack.

Belts may be fastened in several ways :
By splicing and cementing making an
endless belt; by lacing with leather lace
and by the use of metal fasteners in
many forms; leather lacing is the form
most universally used, as it is fllexible
and runs smoothly over the pulleys.

Fig 1 shows a good way to lace a small
belt, where one row of holes are used.
First see that the belt is squarely cut
so that both edges of the belt will be
the same length. Punch the holes so

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w

/^AA/ty

iWvvWV

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'.&

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Fit. 3.

Fig. 4.

Care of Belts. Showing How to Lace them. etc.

lowed to gather on the face, the belt
will be inclined to climb the flange, and
if it succeeds in climbing it usually
means a broken belt.

I have noticed on several occasions
where a stick was secured to the ceil-
ing to keep a belt from coming off.
This is a bad 'practice, as in time the
edge of the belt hecomes worn and

that they are directly opposite each
other.

Pass the lace through 1 from the un-
der side then through 2, 3, 2, 3, 4 and
5, make a cut half way through the
lace just clear of the hole 5, then about
J" out cut off the lace. Proceed in the
same manner for the other half.

For large belts a double row of holei

are used as shown in Fig. 3; the width
of belt will determine the number of
holes. The order of lacing is through
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,7,4,5, 2,3, x, y;
secure at Y.

The two halves should be laced to-
gether as it helps to keep the belt in
position.

Where it is necessary to enlarge the
holes for the laces, one hole should be
punched directly behind the other, not
side by side, as the belt will nearly al-
ways break accross the lace holes, and
as small a punch as possible should be
used. Always have the straight part
of the lacing on the hair or smooth side
of the belt, so that they will come in con-
tact with the pulley surface.

Where a belt has to be shifted from
one pulley to another (especially on
cone pulleys), metal fasteners should not
be used, as it may prove dangerous to
the hands of the operator.

When a belt is placed on a pair of
pulleys it should be put on as shown in
Fig. 4, so that when the splice comes in
contact with the pulleys it will help to
keep the splice together.

In the majority of cases where slip-
ping takes place it will nearly always
be on the smaller pulley (where pulleys
are of the same material), and it will
be seen that by running the belt as in
Fig 4 it will help to preserve the splice.

By covering the pulleys with leather
or some material which will give a great-
er friction, more power can be derived,
but the covering should be glued or ce-
mented on.

While repairing a belt some time ago,
I noticed that it was nearly cut in two
the full length, one of the pulleys had
been covered with leather, and secured
with tacks and nails; a few of the nails
had worked out, and the slipping caused
by the irregular strains ou the belt had
nearly ruined it.

As the pulley was on the main shaft
I suppose the man responsible thought
the pulley could do its own "driving."

. COUNTERSHAFTS AND BELT
DRESSINGS.
By L. Bailey.

Countershafts cut quite a figure in
transmitting power to various machines
and there is any number of clutch
counters that are supposed to be far
superior to the old tight and loose pulley
class, and no doubt they are for slow

50

CANADIAN MACHINERY

running machines, but for high speed
such as is required for brass working
tools there seems to be a want that has
not been supplied up to date.

The writer has had considerable ex-
perience with countershafts with clutch
pulleys on, of several different manu-
facturers, and I must say that I have
not seen one that has been quite satis-
factory. The difficulty seems to be that
the lubricant throws off with the high
speed and the counter being reversed
quickly, cuts or grinds away the grip
and the adjustment having to be made
so often soon becomes exhausted.

There is also another defect, namely,
the hub of the pulleys are too short on
the side next to the clutch and the bore
of the pulley soon wears taper and the
belt will run on one side of the pulley
so that when the clutch is thrown in, off
goes the belt. Of course, a fellow don't
mind that especially if the ladder is not
handy, or Tom, Dick or Harry got the
belt stick and forgot to bring it back.
Well, perhaps some of my fellow me-
chanics have had better success than I,
so I would like to hear from some of
them on the subject.

A Belt Dressing.

It seems to me that thi9 is something
like patent medicines. We think that
they are O.K. for a while, then some-
thing else comes along and so we keep
trying new dressings. I have come to
the conclusion that the castor oil treat-
ment is best for the reason that when
the so-called belt dressing is applied it
is good for a while but soon wears off
and another dose is needed.

When castor oil is applied, it goes right
through the leather and makes it very
pliable and also prevents the belt from
slipping on the pulley.

When putting on a new belt it is
often difficult to keep it on because of
the slick surface and the stiff leather.
To get over this difficulty when your
belt is cut to length lay it down and
give it a coat of castor oil and when
you have put it on the pulleys it will
stay.

POWER LOSS OF A SLIPPING BELT.

One often sees discussed the question
whether or not a slipping belt is less eco-
nomical of power than one which does
not slip. If we consider that when a
•belt slips friction occurs between the pul-
ley and belt, thus creating heat, it is at
once seen that part of the driving power
is "lost," as the radiation of this heat
attains no useful end. Writing to the
American Machinist, A. L. Campbell
writes that the approximate amount of
this loss may be obtained as follows:

A motor delivers ten horse-power to a
line shaft by means of a six-inch double
leather belt running 2.000 ft. per minute.
The accompanying sketch shows the belt
tension T to be 300 pounds on the tight
side, while the tension T. on the slack

T..= 218Lbs.

T.. = 218Lbs.

Tensions on Belt.

side is 135 pounds. The average belt
tension T2 will then be about the half
sum of the other two, or 218 pounds.

The tension in the walls of a thin
cylinder due to a uniform pressure is
equal to the product of the unit pres-
sure multiplied by the radius of the
cylinder. Conversely, since the average

BELT TROUBLES.

When I took charge of a small light-
ing plant last June, says G. B. Kamps
in Power, I found a 60-kilowatt, 2200-
volt alternator driven by a 9-inch belt.
The belt was cut, apparently, from an
18-inch belt and consequently the centre
of the old belt came at one edge of the
new belt. My predecessor evidently had
had trouble with the belt because he
used a guide made of pipe fittings as
shown in Fig. 1. The belt ran very
close to the housing of the machine and
would rub very hard at times ; the
guide only made matters worse and
opened the belt on one side as shown.

The belt was running with the laps.
I turned it inside out and ran it for a
while until the belt was straight. I
then glued and pegged the edge of the
belt and put it on as it was before but
could not keep it on. I ran it with the

Fig. 1.— The Belt Guide.

laps, against the laps, right side out
and inside out, but to no avail. As
soon as the load would lighten, off came
the belt. One night I was especially
anxious to have the lights remain on
when the load dropped off and knowing
that powdered rosin or belt dressing
was of no avail, I dug up an old mill
file. When the belt started to "act up"
I held the file down on the belt until
the flying dirt and leather burned me.
The belt stayed on with an occasional
coaxing with the file.

I finally got over the trouble by clean-
ing the belt thoroughly and shifting the
centre line of the alternator as shown
in Pig. 2. The amount of shift must
be very slight because the belt tends to
crowd to the high side and work off if
the angle is too great. I scraped the
belt about once a week and applied a
little neatsfoot oil after each scraping.

My pulleys are on 25-foot centres, the
driving pulley is 5 feet 10 inches in
diameter and the driven pulley is 14
inches in diameter, the belt speed 4,900
feet per minute.

My experience has been that the clean-
er the belt is the less it will slip, and
that powdered rosin and belt dressings
should be avoided. A little neatsfoot
oil applied occasionally will keep the
leather soft and pliable and will work
the dirt out of the leather.

I use the following approximate for-
mula : A single belt under a working
strain of 60 pounds per inch of width,
running 550 feet per minute, will trans-
mit one horsepower for every inch of

Fig. 2. — Centre Line of Alternator Shitted.

width. The pull, in pounds per inch of
width, equals,

H.P. X 33,000 X width of belt

Belt speed in ft. per min.
For dynamo work, the pull or load
per inch of width in single belts should
not exceed 40 pounds under a speed of
4,000 feet per minute nor 32 pounds
under speeds from 4,000 to 6,000 feet.

DON'T IGNORE SMALL THINGS.

Real economy is as important in small
things as in great, but it is more likely
to be neglected. People who are obliged
to use a large amount of rope are com-
pelled to study the rope market, and
soon learn that it pays to buy the
best and let the cheap stuff alone. This
is likely to be overlooked by the small
user because the amount involved is
comparatively small, but it is a mistake
to ignore the question. The reasons
why a good rope is really cheaper than
a poor one are just as true for the
farmer who buys a piece of rope for
his hay carrier as for the ship owner who
bins it bv the ton.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission De

REVERSIBLE CHAIN DRIVES.

One of the disadvantages, if it may
be termed as such, of chain driving
happens when it is sometimes necessary
to run the chain crossed, so as to give
the driven an opposite rotation to the
driver. Until recently this has been an
impossibility, and the Coventry Chain
Co., Coventry, England, have just put
on the market a noiseless chain which
can be crossed at centres over seven
feet.

As shown by the detail cut the chain
is perfectly symmetrical and it matters
not which side is in contact with the
toothed wheel. It will also be noticed
that the chain has been lightened con-
siderably by cutting out pieces of every
link. This feature of lightness, combined
with durability, will no doubt be in-
teresting to the designer of flying ma-
chines as also will the fact that it can

erful hydraulic bending machines, which
should prove of interest to all who
have large pipe, structural sections,
automobile parts, metal bars and sim-
ilar sections to bend.

The frames and cylinders of these ma-
chines are cast iron and the cylinders
are copper lined. The rams and bend-
ing pins are machinery steel. A posi-
tive stop is provided in both instances
to prevent the ram from passing out
beyond a safe limit.

The smaller machine shown in Fig. 1,
is capable of exerting a power of 25
tons under a hydraulic operating pres-
sure of 2,200 lbs. per square inch. The
table is two feet long by 3 feet 4
inches wide and is provided with 18
round holes staggered in rows which
are symmetrically placed with respect
to the ram. Round pins each 3£ inches
in diameter can be placed in any of the

Reversible Chain Drive. John Milne & Son, Montreal.

be crossed and do its work at the high
speed of 2,500 revolutions.

This is a new chain on the Canadian
market and is being distributed by John

holes and the work may further be held
to place by bolts set in any of the key
slots on the top and sides of the table.
Modifications of this table top are made

Construction of Chain for Power Transmission, John Milne & Son, Montreal.

Millen & Son, Limited, Montreal, along
with their other lines of Coventry
chains.

POWERFUL BENDING- MACHINES.

The Watson-Stillman Co., of New
York, has just introduced two new pow-

where necessary to conform to some
special use.

The ram has a travel of 8 inches and
is brought back to the beginning of the
stroke by a counterweight. The centre
line of the cylinder is 2J- inches above
the table, but this machine can be made

devices.

with the bending block higher above the
table or by making the ram travel in
guides, the centre line may be below the
table. The cylinder head is removable

Big. 1.— Hydraulic Bending Machine. Watson-
Stillman Co.

and provided with air passages for re-
moving entrained air or draining if de-
sired in cold weather.

Operation of the ram is controlled by
a stop and release valve at the side of
the cylinder.

The second bender, Fig. 2, is consid-
erably larger and capable of exerting 30
tons pressure. In this instance the
table is i feet wide by 6 feet long and
has two opposed 7-inch cylinders of 12
inch stroke arranged to operate in
either direction, the double headed ram
extending between them.

The table as shown has 21 holes on
each side of the ram and staggered in
six rows. The movable pins are inter-
changeable and 4i inches in diameter.
The larger or bending pin shown in the
centre is attached to a saddle on the
ram. The ram works in machined
guides and is covered to prevent scale
or dirt from reaching the contact sur-
faces. These surfaces are further pro-
tected from dirt by plugging the oil
holes in the cover with screw plugs.

As in the smaller press the cylinder
heads are removable and provided with
air passages which also permit drain-
age. The valves are placed in one body
and may be operated by any of the four
levers at the corners of the press. The
arrangement is automatic so that open-
ing of pressure or release valves for
one cylinder opens the opposite valve
of the other cylinder, the movement be-
ing stopped by removing the hand from
the lever.

52

CANADIAN MACHINERY

A pair of bending blocks faced with a
hard steel may be substituted for the
bending pin. The cylinders are cast
higher up for uses where it is desirable
to obtain greater power. In this in-
stance the rams are usually made inde-

owing to lack of room, and is therefore
coming into quite general use in ship-
building, bridge construction, machine
shops, etc.

The novel construction of this jack is
clearly shown in the illustration. Forg-

Fig. 2.— Large Hydraulic Bending Machine. Watson-Stillman Co.

pendent and single acting and are re-
turned by counterweights similar to
that shown on the small machine.

DUFF-BETHLEHEM HYDRAULIC
JACK.

Something new in hydraulic lifting
jacks is to be found in a design recent-
ly put upon the market by The Duff
Manufacturing Co., Pittsburg, Pa. This
jack is a powerful tool with lifting
capacities ranging from 100 to 500
tons and a raise of from 6 to 12 inches.
It is intended for use wherever it is
inconvenient to operate an ordinary jack

ed steel is used throughout and the de-
sign is simple and compact. It con-
sists of two main parts, the water re-
servoir with its pump chambers and the
ram or lifting mechanism. These two
parts are separate and distinct except
for the flexible copper tubing which con-
nects them. This arrangement allows
the ram to be placed in any spot where
there is sufficient room for it to rest
securely, while the pump can be placed
anywhere or at any distance permitted
by the length of the tube, where it can
be conveniently operated. Since the
jack can be placed at any angle it is

of great service in boiler work. With
small modifications in the frame con-
struction this tool can be put to many
uses for which an hydraulic press is
employed.

The details of the construction of this
jack present many valuable and inter-
esting mechanical features. On the left
in the illustration is the pump and re-
servoir cross sectioned, in part, to show
the valve construction. The pump is
double acting with a working or pump-
ing stroke on both upward and down-
ward motion of the piston. There are
two pump ehambers the upper having
about five times the capacity of the
lower. The valves in the pump cham-
bers are so arranged that on light loads
the larger volume of water in the upper
chamber is forced under the bottom of
the same, causing it to rise through
larger units of space than on heavy
loads or overloads, when the smaller
volume of water in the lower chamber
is utilized. This speed adjustment is se-
cured by means of an automatic by-
pass valve in the diaphragm between
the upper and lower reservoirs which
acts against a spring, which can be
adjusted so as to allow the water in
the upper pump chamber to escape at
predetermined loads. This setting is
generally at 25 p.c. of total capacity of
jack, which corresponds to the lifting
power which can be exerted by one man
on large pump chamber.

To trip the load the operating lever
is reversed so that the lug on the side
projects upward allowing the lever to
be pressed further down, causing the
trip sleeve and pump piston to bear
directly on the suction and discharge
valves respectively, thus allowing the

DuS-Bethlehem Hydraulic Jack.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

53

liquid to pass back from the ram cylin-
der to the reservoir. The load may be
lowered as slowly as desired or stopped
at will by varying the pressure or lift-
ing- up on the lever.

Since the weight lifted by the jack is
inversely proportional to the speed of
ram travel the arrangement just de-
scribed automatically adjusts the speed
to the varying conditions of usage. The
valve action is positive and there are
no refinements of construction to cause
trouble in a tool that is sure to re-
ceive rough usage.

The tube which loads from the pump
to the ram cylinder is, as already stat-
ed, made of flexible copper and is guar-
anteed by the manufacturers to with-
stand a pressure of 10,000 lbs. per
square inch. This tube is about eight
feet long.

In the construction of the cylinder
there are several features whioh make
for efficiency and economy of mainten-
ance. This cylinder is a solid steel forg-
ing there being no joint at its base

as in other makes. This design gives
greater stiffness and strength with min-
imum weight and, what is more impor-
tant, obviates the necessity of having
a packed joint at the body of the cylin-
der. This joint is a fruitful source oE
leakage and is the hardest joint to
make water-tight since it is the one
subjected to the greatest pressure. This
pressure varies, of course, directly with
the load and with the distance through
which the load is lifted, being greatest
when the load is at rest at the extreme
limit of travel of the ram. The only
packed joint in this type of jack is be-
tween the ram and cylinder walls,
where packing is easy and leakage less
likely to occur owing to pressure being
less direct and decreasing as the ram
rises, being considerable when the load
is at rest at the end of the lift. The
valve and cylinder construction in the
independent pump jack is not, however,
peculiar to it but is characteristic of
all the hydraulic jacks made by The
Duff Manufacturing Co.

Developments in Grinding Equipment and Machines

The Landis Tool Co., Waynesboro, Pa., have recently Placed
on the Market New Cam Grinding Attachments and a New
Self-contained Grinding Machine, designed on Original Lines.

The Landis Tool Co. have brought
out recently some new grinding attach-
ments of interesting design. Figs. 1
and 2 show a cam grinding attachment
for detachable earns which has been de-
signed for use on the company's regular
universal and plain grinders. The ap-
plication to the machine is made by
simply clamping the attachment to the
table and connecting the driving arm
on the end of the spindle with the regu-
far driver on the face plate of the
grinder, as is clearly illustrated by both
views. It is constructed so as to swing,
the spindle head being suspended from
a hinge bearing directly above ; the
work and master cam are mounted on
the game spindle.

An important feature of this attach-
ment is that it grinds its own masters,
which are copied from actual size model
cams of the work to be ground. In
making the master cam it is mounted
on" the working end of the spindle, while
the model cam serves as a master on
the other end ; this operation is exactly
the same as illustrated for grinding the
work. This method insures the making
of an exact copy of the form of the
model cam, consequently a perfect du-
plicate of the work is obtained. The
master is enlarged and the cylindrical
portion is never less than 3 in. in diam-
eter ; this, in the majority of cases,
makes the size more than double that
of- the work. The swinging or oscillat-

ing motion of the spindle is produced
by the master working in engagement
with a stationary guide, or shoe plate,
with which it is held in contact by a
spring. With the wheel and work in the
corresponding relative positions at the
other end of the spindle, it is evident
that an exact reproduction of the model
cam will result.

The slight change in the cam form
caused by the reduction of the wheel
by wear is compensated for by a set of
change master cam shoe plates, which
form part of the regular equipment fur-
nished with the attachment. The con-
tact or working surfaces of these is
made of a regular curve form, with a
consecutive difference of 1 in. in radius,
which corresponds with the size of the
grinding wheel at the different diameters
as it is reduced by wear. The number
of plates in a set is determined by the
size of the machine on which the at-
tachment is to be used— that is, by the
diameter of the grinding wheel at full
size and the smallest diameter to which
it can be used. There is provided a
change of plate for each inch of wheel
reduction. In grinding the master cam
a shoe plate and wheel of equal radius
are used, which it will be seen must
produce an exact copy of the model
cam form ; then placing the master in
its proper position on the other end of
the spindle, replacing the model cam
and using the same grinding wheel and
shoe plate or any other size of wheel
and plate of equal radius, it will be
seen again that an exact reproduction
of the model or work will result.

As the wheel wears down the tendency
is for the cams to become slightly full,
wdiich is practically imperceptible foi-
l-in. wheel reduction. The master shoe
plates are so arranged as to distribute
or evenly divide this variation. In this
connection it must be noted that in
making the master cam by using a
wheel and shoe, plate of equal radius
the work will be reproduced precisely.
For example, beginning with a full size
wheel of, say, 14 in. diameter or 7 in.
radius ; with this a shoe plate on a

2^ s ^

I

ft|, I.— WorkiiiK jSlde of a I.andis Grindff WitliWn Cam fjrlRdittC

Attachment,

K'K. i'.-K'-n- \ uu showing Master {'nxn and Shoe Pl»te.

54

C A X A D I A N .MACHINERY

6j-in. radius would be used ; wearing
the wheel down to 13 in. in diameter or
64 in. radius makes it I in. less than
the shoe plate, and this difference being:
equal to the amount that the wheel
was larger than the shoe plate in the
beginning, it will be clear that the
slight variations of the cam will be
divided equally by a true line of the
cam form. When the grinding wheel
has been worn to 13 in. in diameter,
the shoe plate is changed for one made

cam grinding fixture applied. A master
or former cam is placed at the rear of
the machine and is rigidly supported by
bearings bolted to the back of the main
column or bed, and is driven in unison
with the work by gearing from the
headstock.

In this machine, instead of swinging
the work from or toward the wheel to
produce the cam form, the grinding
wheel head is moved by a cross recipro-
cating motion actuated by the master

CB'NDmc WHE1L PftO WHIll

WCMK 'N POtuiorilOU GfliMOlNG

Fig. 3.— Special Landis Cylindrical Grinder Arra nged for Grinding Cams Integral With tne Shaft

on a 6^-in. radius ; at 1 1 in. in diame-
ter, 5^-in. plate, etc., and these changes
continued until the wheel is reduced to
its minimum diameter.

Cam Grinding Machine.

Fig. 3 shows the principal view of the
Landis cam grinding machine which has
been designed especially for grinding
cams made integral with their shaft,
but will handle detachable cams with
equal facility. In arranging it for the
loose cam work in the majority of cases
the master cam is so made that a full
set of either the inlet or exhaust cams
can be placed on an arbor and ground
at one setting.

This machine is substantially the re-
gular 10 x 30 in. plain grinder with the

cam and the work is carried by the re-
gular stationary centres of the machine.
A separate master must be made tor
each style of cam shaft, -which is copied
from a model of the work by the ma-
chine itself. In the operation of pro-
ducing the master the model shaft takes
the place intended for the master on
the machine and is supported rigidly
between the cams its entire length, to
avoid any possibility of its yielding
or springing during the grinding opera-
tion of the master. The master cam-;
are ground with their shaft between
centres in exactly the same manner as
the work itself is held. It will be evi-
dent that by using a perfect model of
the work to copy from exact duplicates

Fig. 4.— Front View Landis Grinder.

of the cam forms are obtained on the
master. The body of the master is
large in diameter, and for most work
the cams are more than double the size
to be ground. A portion of the body of
the master remains between the cams
in the form of a collar. When the
grinding wheel is traversed along the
work in passing from one cam to the
next the roller on the rear of the slide
mounts these collars and while in en-
gagement grinding wheel is withdrawn
clear of the work and no cross motion
is given to the slider. When the wheel
has been moved to the next cam to be
ground the roller passes beyond the
collar ol the master and engages the
corresponding master cam.

The reciprocating cross motion of the
grinding wheel only takes place when
it is moved to the cam to be ground.
It will be seen that the grinding wheel
can be traversed along the work auto-
matically just the same as in grinding
a plain piece.

The cam grinding fixture in no way
interferes with plain straight grinding,
and the machine can be used for grind-
ing the line bearings of the cam shafts
to the same advantage as if this part
of the work were done on a regular
plain grinder.

Self-Contained Grinding Machine.
The last four illustrations show an-
other new grinding machine designed on
original lines and built by the Landis
Tool Co., Waynesboro, Pa. This is a
16x72 heavy duty self-contained grind-
ing machine.

Throughout the entire machine it is
of the high power and heavy duty con-
struction and while intended for finish-
ing all classes of work within its range
it is especially adapted for grinding
chilled rolls. The regular practice in
grinding this work for grinding the
body, is to support the roll by its jour-
nals on bearings mounted on the table
of the machine. Previous to this oper-
ation the journals or necks are them-
selves ground, which is done with the
roll carried on centres in the same man-
ner a9 for regular plain grinding. The
grinding wheel is 24 inches in diameter
and the guard is made to take these
with faces up to 4 inches wide. The
wheel can be used at full size in diame-
ter for grinding 16-inch rolls, which oc-
cupies the full swing of the machine.
To compensate for any slight error in
the alignment of the headstock and roll
axes and to avoid any tendency of the
drivo to influence the roll from its true
axial position, with the bearings, an
equalizing fixture is attached to the
face of the headstock which drives the
roll with equal force from opposite
points across the centre. In roll work
it is well known the importance of the
roll face being true and concentric with
the journals ; to be assured of this

CANADIAN MACHINERY

55

when finishing on the grinder the above
described method has been found to be
the only practical and reliable one.
Another feature contributing greatly to
the making of accurate work is, the
stationary work table which is sup-
ported its entire length by the main
column of the machine.

The bearings for supporting the rolls
when grinding the bodies and the equal-
izing driving fixtures are not shown by
any of the illustrations, but become re-
gular parts of the equipment when the
grinder is furnished for roll work.
Useful for Railroad Work.
This machine is also adapted for
railroad shop work for grinding loco-
motive pistons, piston valves, valve
stems, crank, link and knuckle pins,
axles, etc. It is provided with a gap,
as shown by Fig. 6, so that pistons can
be ground with their heads in place and
also for the swing of valve yokes when
grinding the stems. The gap can be
located along the table to suit the work
when the machine is built. The ma-
chine is of the self-contained type and
is designed to be driven either by a
motor or from the line shaft.

Fig. 7 shows the arrangement of the
electric drive as well as showing an
end view of the machine when provided
with a gap for locomotive work.

With either form of drive the power
is applied to the main shaft at the
rear of the machine from which it is
ili-tributed and transmitted to all of
the different working parts. The grind-
ing w-heel is driven from the large pul-
ley seen in the rear view, Fig. 5, locat-
ed at about the centre of the machine,
which is mounted in a carriage rolling
on the track shown extending from the
base of the machine and travels with
the wheel carriage as it is traversed.

This pulley is driven by step grooves
on the main shaft engaging rollers in
its sleeve or hub which makes practi-
cally a frictionless drive as it is trav-
ersed or slides over the shaft.

The grinding wheel belt is 6 inehes
wide and passes over intermediate
pulleys so arranged to automatically
take up any change in its length and at
the same time keep it under a uniform
tension.

This belt is almost 200 degrees con-
tact on both the driving and driven
pulleys and its length can change about
ft inches by stretching before necessary
to remove a section and shorten.

The grinding wheel head is massive
and rigid which is a feature so essential
to rapid and perfect grinding. The
spindle is of very large dimensions and
is made of hardened steel ; the bear-
ings are of phosphor bronze, are self-
aligning, are adjusted in tapers for
taking up wear and have self-oilers. A
very important feature of this wheel
head is that the bearings are protected

Fig. 5. — Hear View Landis Grinder.

by special covers and are positively
dirt proof. The grinding wheel has pro-
vision for balancing, this being done
by two weights mounted to be adjusted
in a circular or annular groove in the
side of the wheel collar or centre.

The headstock is very powerfully
geared and has ample power for driving
the largest piece of work or roll that

the changes can be made quickly and
with ease. All parts of the clutch me-
chanism are made of hardened tool steel
and all gears are finished by planing.

The work revolving and traversing
mechanism are driven from the gear
box at the end to which power is de-
livered by the belt from the main shaft
as is also shown by Fig. 7.

Fig. 6.— Landis Grinding Machine With Gap, Front View.

can be placed in the machine. It is ar-
ranged to give five changes of speed to
the work, these being made mechanically
by the movement of a single lever, and
by shifting a back gear in the gear box
at the end of the machine seen in view
Fig. 7, anothor range of five speeds is
obtained, making a total of ten work
speeds. These speeds are indicated on
a dial as will be seen by Fig. 4 and

The work and traverse drives of the
wheel are started and stopped together
by a clutch in the pulley on the end of
the gear box which is operated by a
lever at the front of the machine. These
drives' can also be operated separately
and their speeds are varied entirely in-
dependent of each other. The pump is
driven from the end of the main shaft
as will be seen in views Fig. 4 and 5.

Fig. 1.— End View Landis Grinder, Motor Drive.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

A. F. A. CONVENTION AT DETROIT.

The Detroit Convention, June 6 to 10,
promises to eclipse all previous conven-
tions. At a meeting; of the Detroit
Foundrymen 's Association, held April
21, a general review of arrangements
were given by the heads of the commit-
tee. Discussing the general preparations
Dr. Stephenson said:

"In a general way I would say that,
without any undue egotism on the part
of our local organization, we can say
that never in the history of the Ameri-
can Foundrymen's Association has the
convention detail been so well covered
as it is at the present time ; this is the
opinion of all those who are in touch
with the situation, as it has developed,
in the previous conventions. I find that
statement reiterated in the letters which
come to me, and in my associations with
men identified with the foundry inter-
ests throughout the country.

"The badge matter will be handled
to the satisfaction of the local commit-
tee. The State Far ground matter has
been pretty well taken care of. All
present booths will be taken out of the
Administration Building. Mr. Hoyt tells
me that the demands for space are far
greater than has ever before been made,
and he is figuring on the advisability, the
last time I saw him, of using a tent.

"We have about decided to have the
General Registration Headquarters and
the reading of the papers to take place
in the Michigan Building. The tempor-
ary building is not fully decided upon,
but if the fair organization pulls out the
present administration quarters in the
main building, that will probably give
Mr. Hoyt room to erect a smaller tem-
porary building."

Plant Visitation.

It has been arranged that every plant
will take care of every delegation which
visits the various plants and show them
around. The idea is to have the head-
quarters of the Visitation Committee at
the Fair Ground and also at the Pont-
chartrain Hotel. Anyone who wishes to
visit any of the plants in the city or any
group will simply go to the Plant Visita-
tion Committee, to whoever is in charge
and so state, that they wish to visit such
and such a plant. A card will be issued
to them or to the leader stating that Mr.
Blank with a dozen or lo others will
visit the plant and be shown through.
Information for Members.

Toe information that will be given to

every member will be something like
this: A folder in the middle of which
will bo a map of the City of Detroit, a
complete map showing the car lines, the
location of the plants to be visited. It
will show the hotels, parks, theatres,
railroad stations, and other points of
interest to the visiting members. Over
on the side will be a list of every plant
which has signified its willingness to be
visited, for instance — Russel Wheel &
Foundry Co., will state where it is and
an arrow will point directly to R. W. &
F. on the map, and also the general di-
rection, what car to take,, when to get
off, etc., etc. When the little group ar-
rive at the plant, they present the card
and are shown through by soine repro-
setative of the firm, who will be pro-
vided for that purpose. This folder is
in the printers' hands at the present
time. It will give a man or one or two
dozen men an opportunity at any time he
has during the convention which he
might select, to visit those plants.

There will be, however, 1 or 2 of the
largest companies in Detroit who will
b-! visited in a body. The Solvay Pro-
cess Co. have invited the Foundrymen
to visit the coke plant, and the Detroit
Iron & Steel Co. have also signified their
willingness to have members visit their
blast furnaces, and will endeavor at that
time to have a cast, if possible. These
are the only two plants which will be
visited jn a body.

The boat-ride committee has chartered
the Steamer Columbia, with a capacity
of 3,400 people, which will take care of
the crowd. Details of that ride are not
yet settled, but the idea is to take the
ride and show the visitors the City of
Detroit, up around the island, giving
I hem the view of the east side of the
cilv, returning down, making a stop at
the dock of the Detroit Iron & Steel Co..
anil Solvay Process Co., those wishing
to go ashore at these places may go,
(hose not wishing to do so may slay
aboard, going down to the Livingston
channel, which is rather an interesting
piece of work. Then going back and
picking up the visitors at the Coke ovens,
coming back in time for dinner..
Entertainment.
Some excellent papers have luin ar-
ranged for and the general discussion
will add greatly to the educative fea-
tures. The smoker will be the "best
ever," a feature being the gift of a stein
to each attendant.

The idea is to start after luncheon at
noon and bring them back for dinger at
0 o'clock. There will also be a b >at for
the evening, which will leave the dock at
7.30 or 8 and return between 11 and 12.
There will be music on the boat, both
afternoon and evening, and dancing if
desired.

On Monday night, the first night of
the convention, it is planned to give a
dinner at the Pontchartrain for the offi-
cers of the allied associations, that is to
the American Foundrymen's Association,
the Brass Founders' Association, the
Foreman's Association, and a few re-
presentative members of the Technical
Press, which will probably (including the
Officers of the Detroit Foundrymen's .\>
sociation and the chairmen of the Gen-
eral Committees) number about 65 or
70 people, possibly 90.

MAGNETIC METAL SEPARATOR.

The magnetic metal separator shown
in Fig. 1, is manufactured by J. W.
Paxson Co., pier 45 north Delaware
Ave., Philadelphia. It is a simple ma-
chine, valuable for the separation of
iron turnings, filings, etc., from brass,
composition iron from emery, granular
rubber, ores and other materials, and
it is doubtless capable of various other
applications.

Kig. 1.— Magnetic Metal Separator. J. W. Pax-
son Co.. Philadelphia.

The magnetic wheel shown in Fig. 2
and over which the mixed metals fall
contains 300 magnets, to which the iron
adheres ; the iron is then carried to the
brush cylinder (Fig, 8) and there re*

CANADIAN MACHINERY

57

moved, while the brass and other ma-
terials fall into the box shown in Fig.
1.

The capacity of No. 1 machine is
from 1,500 to 2,000 lbs. in 10 hours, ac-
cording to stock ; No. 2 machine 3,000
to 4,000 lbs.; No. 3, 6,000 to 8,000 lbs.

Fig. 2.— Magnetic Wheel. J. W. Paxson Co..
Philadelphia.

In starting the driving shaft should
be run 90 to 100 turns per minute. Size
of pulley, 12 inches in diameter ; width
of face, 2 inches ; a belt 1J inches in
width will be sufficient to drive the
machine. .

Two important points must necessar-
ily be observed in the use of the ma-
chine : (1) Remove the iron bands and
replace them whenever the machine is
not running ; raise also the brush.
When it is running, do not drop brush
too low, as it will wear out the brush
and brass too quickly.

Fig. 3.— Brush Cylinder, J. W. Paxson Co.,
Philadelphia.

(2) The tray under the hopper should
strike equally on each side, so as to
distribute the stock evenly on the wheel.
If you wish it to feed faster, draw the
hopper forward. Place the boxes as
shown in Fig. 1. The material in the
middle box should be run through the
second time.

TRYING IT OUT.

Many managers of shops and foun-
dries are afraid to try novelties and it
is certain that there is danger of a man
going to the extreme in forever chasing
new bobbies. Advancement, however,
comes to those who study and try to
keep abreast of the times.

Recently in visiting a plant where
they were using a number of new things
it was remarked that they had many
handy kinks. The manager replied.
"Some people may call us easy but the
reason we have so many time-saving de-
vices js because we always give pur

time to listen to anyone who comes
here and claims that he can improve
oar practice. If the device shows any
merit, we buy it ; we follow this rule
even with the man who comes around
with the "secret process" and the
"special method." We often pay a fel-
low five or ten dollars and find that we
have not received much. Occasionally
we find snme one who skives sufficient in-
formation to more than compensate us
for the trouble and expense we have had
with the others. Not long ago a man
came in and told us that he could show
us a kink that would make a material
saving in one of our presses. We asked
him how much he wanted for instruct-
ing us. He replied "Ten dollars." His
device saved us at the least calculation
$250 in the next three months."

That is an illustration of what a
careful man may pick up from those
who come to the plant. There is a
class, however, which is to be avoided
as their claims are preposterous and
incapable of either proof or support.

Another cases which has come under
our attention was that of a foundry
foreman who had been with the plant
since the early days when it had to

SOLVING SPOILED WORK PROBLEM

In an agricultural works there is a
great deal of small foundry work. It
is often a problem to look after the
spoiled work and secure the total num-
ber of good castings. In the Frost &
Wood Company's foundry at Smith's
Falls, this has been provided for in a
satisfactory manner.

The molders work piece work and the
adjustments are easily made. There is
a daily run, after which the castings
are taken to the grinding room. Here
the bad ones are culled out from the
good. The timekeeper makes a list of
the pieces giving the pattern number
and number of pieces. The broken cast-
ings are then taken to the charging
floor of the cupola.

The time-keeper makes out a list such
as that shown herewith giving a list
of the spoiled parts and the check num-
ber of the molder. The broken castings
are deducted from the number sent in
on the molder's piece-work slip. In
order that a molder may know exactly
how he stands, the sheet of "spoiled
parts" is hung, each day, beside the
check box.

With this system of looking after

SPOILED PARTS.

Dept.

Date

19

OBEC1 No

PATTERN

pacts

CHECK No

PATTERN

1-ltCBS

CCUi

d™.*™

OMI

Dn-ooc**

Sheet 7" x 10" lor Listing Spoiled Parts.

struggle for its existence. He has de-
vised a number of methods including
some special machines which in those
days had saved the company a good
deal of money. Later on certain patent
devices were brought out and the pros-
perity of the firm was made sure. With
the development of the manufacturing
operations the foundry grew to be a
large proposition and it became neces-
sary to introduce molding machines and
other latest labor-saving appliances.
The foreman, confident of his past suc-
cess, was not any too receptive to take
instruction in these new ideas. Neither
did he see the advantage of visiting
other plants. Naturally he felt that he
was an A-l foundryman and was frankly
of the opinion that "he was just as
bright as the next man you'll find."

A visitor in walking through the plant
could not but notice that in some re-
spects the practice was the latest and
best while in others it was antiquated.
The only men who are able to hold a
reputation for stability without con-
tinued effort in their respective posi-
tions are those who res^ in the grave-
yard.— Castings,

spoiled parts it is a simple matter to
keep track of the total number made.
When a requisition comes to the foun-
dry for a certain number of castings,
the number is written on a standard
sized card and filed according to pat-
tern number. • When the spoiled parts
are listed the number of the culls is
deducted from the number sent in by
the molder, and the number now left
is listed on the total card. At any
time, therefore, the foreman can tell
how the work stands in his shop and
how many good castings of any parti-
cular pattern have been made.

W. Norris, formerly of the London
Street Railway, has accepted a position
as manager of the Chatham, Wallace-
burg & Lake Erie Electric Railway with
headquarters at Chatham.

Owing to the illness of David Bain,
superintendent of tie Gananoque Axle
'Co. 's works, Gananoque, Thos. Scott,
who for several years lias been in charge
of the company's warehouse, has been
promoted to the position,' pf Assistant
(superintendent,

58

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Three New Machines to be Exhibited at Detroit

The Adams Company, Dubuque, Iowa, will show Some Interesting Foun-
dry Equipment at the Foundrymen's Convention at Detroit, June 6 to 10.

Three interesting machines thai will
be shown at the Detroit Foundrymen 's
Convention are the new Farwell Pneu-
matic Roll-Over Molding Machine, the
new Farwell Squeezer designed for use
with Keep Hinged Match Plates, the
new 24 in. Stationary Farwell Squeezer
with improved type of table and the
new 34 in. Portable Heavy Duty Farwell
Squeezer or Plow Point 'Machine.

Fig. 1 shows the Farwell Pneumatic
Roll-Over Molding Machine without pat-
tern. This machine jolts the mold as
well as turning it over and drawing pat-
tern. The combination of these feat-
ures in a portable machine is new. You
will note from the illustration that solid
cast iron wheels are used, since they
serve as an anvil on which mold is jolt-
ed. The wheels run on a track imbedded
into the floor, thus affording an ample
foundation at small expense, and with-
out necessitating a permanent location
of machine at one place.

The angle iron arm or table resting
on the Wheels carries the pattern and
each side is provided with a heavy steel
block. A, which receives the shock when
mold is jolted. The holes in this angle
iron are for the purpose of attaching
the pattern which is clearly shown in
Fig. 8.

Fig. 2 shows the flask in place, filled,
ready to jolt.

Fig. 3 shows the operation of jolting
which is accomplished by admitting air
to the cylinder and exhausting, both of
which operations are performed with the
same valve, enabling the molder to con-
trol the machine entirely with one hand.
After jolting and striking off, the bot-
tom board is placed in position and se-
cured by means of the adjustable clamps
which are attached to the match board.

Fig. 4 shows the next operation. The
molder opens the air valve again, ad-
mitting air to the cylinder and raising
the mold to dead centre. After passing
this point, the mold is lowered on to the
cross pieces, B, by allowing air to es-
cape. This can be -done as quickly or
as slowly as is desired.

Fig. 5 shows the mold as it has reach-
ed this position. The four plungers, C,
are provided with springs which auto-
matically equalize or adjust themselves
to the irregularities of the bottom board
on all four points, and as soon as mold
rests upon the cross pieces, B, these
plungers are locked in position by a
single movement of the lever, D, which

is connected by links to all four plung-
ers. This lever, D, may be kicked into
locking position with foot. The molder
now releases the clamps and is ready to
draw pattern.

Drawing the Pattern.

Fig. 6 shows the operation of drawing
the pattern. The molder operates thd
air valve which admits air to the cylin-
der with his right hand, and with his
left hand opens a pet cock, admitting air
to the Adams Pneumatic Rapper which
is mounted on the frame work carrying
the pattern. The pattern is drawn per-
fectly straight to any desired height be-
fore starting to roll over, and this com-
bined with the pneumatic rapper and the
steady air control insures a good clean
lift. It will be seen that as cylinder, E,
is raised by the air pressure within, the
pattern will be drawn straight until the
yok«, F, strikes the pin, G, when the
yoke must stop, making a fulcrum of the
pin, H.

Fig 7 shows how the machine oper-
ates from the point on, the pattern de-
scribing an arc.

Fig. 8 shows the pattern as it has
just passed dead centre, rolling back to
its original position, ready to receive
new flask and start on another mold.

The special features of the Farwell
Pneumatic Roll-Over Molding Machine,
are its great simplicity, the method of
instantly clamping the plungers, so that
the mold rests evenly thereon, the elim-
ination of expensive concrete founda-
tions, portability, the binged clamps,
easy control and the use of the Pneu-
matic Rapper in drawing the pattern.

Farwell Squeezer.

Fig. 9 shows the new type of Farwell
Squeezer that has been developed for
use in connection with the Hinged Match
Plate system invented by W. J. Keep,
superintendent of the Michigan Stove
Co., Detroit.

This machine will be placed on the
market for the benefit of those who adopt
the Keep system and the Adams Co. will
supply the squeezers as well as special
equipment required to all foundries who
are licensed to use Mr. Keep's invention.

The Keep system employs hinged snap
flasks and a match plate provided with
lugs which fit into the hinges of the flask,
thus making it possible to roll up the
«• pe and the pattern. In order to allow
for this, the squeezer top is arranged so

that it will swing farther back and the
table is provided with a special flask
supporting device not shown in the
photograph. The flask supporting de-
vice operates two pins which support the
back side of the drag when the cope is
rolled up. This is necessary in order to
prevent the drag from being tilted by
the weight of the cope.

Stationary Squeezer.

Fig. 10 illustrates the new 24in. Sta-
tionary Farwell Squeezer which is very
similar in construction to other Farwell
Squeezers except that the table is raised
higher above the rocker shaft, and it is
not necessary for the top to swing
through so great an arc in clearing the
table. This makes it easier to bring the
the top forward into squeezing position,
while the new form of table brings the
mold up above the links which connect
the rocker shaft with the side arms,
thereby making it possible to use a
larger flask in proportion to the width
of the machine, and removing fhe
danger of molder striking his knuckles
against these links when riddling sand.
This machine, which measures 24 in. be-
tween side rods, will take a flask 18 in.
long or within 6 in. of the width of the
machine, whereas on the ordinary 30 in.
squeezer which measures 30 in. between
side rods, flasks longer Than 22 in. are
not handled conveniently.

Plow Point Machine.

Fig. 11 illustrates the new 34 in. Port-
able Low Down Heavy Duty Farwell
Squeezer or Plow Point 'Machine. This
type of machine has in the past been
built in 30 in. and 38 in. sizes only, and
the 34 in. machine is a new addition to
the line, possessing some special features
not found on the other machines. The
principal improvement on this 34 in. ma-
chine is the new style of counterbalanc-
ing spring which is adjustable to any
tension. This spring can be set so that
the squeezer top comes forward of it-
self, but, of course, it is ordinarily ad-
justed so that the top stays back out of
the way until the mold is ready to be
squeezed, when it is brought forward by
a very slight pull. The leverage of the
spring is so arranged that practically no
effort is required either in pushing the
top back or pulling it forward.

GLUTERIN MANUFACTURED IN
CANADA.

The Robeson Process Co., Au Sable
Forks, N.Y., recently began the manu-
facture of Gluterin, a sand binder, at
Grand Mere, P.Q. Francis Hyde & Co.,
31 Wellington St., Montreal, are sell-
ing agents for Canada.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

59

THREE NEW FARWELL MOLDING MACHINES. DUBUQUE. IOWA. -

KlK. 1.— Farwell Pneumatic Roll-Over. Molding Fig. 5.— Mold at Dead Centre. Farwell Molding Fig. 8.— Pattern Rolling Into Original Position.

Machine. Machine. Farwell Molding Machine.

Fig. 2.— Flask in Place. Farwell Molding Machine „ '_ „ " wi„ q_w„ra,„n q„11(y,»nr

Fig. 3.-0peration of Jolting. Farwell Molding F'%- 6.-Drawing the Pattern. Farwell Molding FH- 9. Farwell Squeezer.

Machine Machine. Fig. 10. — 24 Stationary Farwell Squeezer.

Fig. 4.— Raising Mold to Dead Centre. Farwell Fig- 7— Describing Arc. Farwell Molding Ma- Fig. 11.— Plow Point, Heavy Duty, Farwell

Molding Machine. ohine. Squeezer.

60

CANADIAN MACHINERY

PIG IRON ANALYSIS.

In small foundries, it is customary
to take the analysis of the company
from whom the iron is purchased. A
chemist cannot be engaged on account
of the cost. For some work the analy-
sis made at the furnace is sufficient.
Care should be taken, when this is
done, to prevent goods being mixed.

A good idea is to divide the store-
house into sections and when a car of
iron is received with a certain analysis,

No £*(.

GRADE ...M.QstmAJL&ZXX.

SILICON A.r..?f.&

SULPHUR '.Q.2,

phosp r.Jt£

MANG 9..B.Q.

OARS. GRAPH 'TT^.-.Z

CARB. COMB ^-^""7!

DATE ±/M//°.

CAR No. ,/l/,f ?■ JJLgjg.

Pig Iron Analysis Card.

put the iron in one of the spaces and
tack up a card in a prominent place to
show the analysis. A convenient card
is shown herewith.

Under "No." is given the space where
the iron is placed. The per centages
of the various ingredients is also given.
It would be advisable to have the sec-
tions numbered, the figures being paint-
ed in a prominent place to designato
the section. Then if, by any means, the
card was knocked from its place, any-
one could tell where it belonged. Such
an arrangement as described would
greatly assist the foundry foreman in
making up his iron.

NATIONAL IRON WORKS.

The National Iron Works, Cherry St.,
Toronto, which secured the site on Ash-
bridge's Bay from the city, held their
first "pouring" on Monday, April 4th,
at 1.30 p.m., when Cawthra Mulock
"poured" the first pipe.

The building is among the best ven-
tilated foundry buildings on the conti-
nent. At either end of the building are
three immense windows, measuring 25
feet in height and 8 feet in width. It
is therefore a well lighted place.

One of the men employed in pouring
travels up in mid air on an iron box,
which projects out from the side of the
"ladle," which carries the molten iron.
The big ladle is carried by an immense
electric crane up at the top of the
building.

The building is made of cement, steel
and brick, and. is absolutely fireproof.
It has an asbestos, roof. In the finish-
in'-'-room, Hip pipes, are taken after ^hey

are removed from the molds to be bath-
ed in tar. The railway sidings to the
plant are all completed, the G.T.R.
having placed three sidings.

The company already has a large num-
ber of contracts on hand, including a
large order for 16-inch pipe for Toronto
to be used in the Rosedale waterworks,
and also a big order from the Con-
sumers' Gas Company. The Toronto
Board of Control has also awarded the
National Iron Works the contract for
Toronto's 1910 requirements of 3, 4 and
6 inch cast iron pipe. It is estimated
that twenty miles of 6-in. pipe will be
required.

The contracts already booked by the
National Iron Works have made it ne-
cessary for it to complete arrangements
to double up the present capacity of
the works. The contracts for the addi-
tional construction have already been
let.

NEW MILLING CUTTER.

Radical departures from the old styles
of face milling cutters are made in the
new B. & S. Inserted Tooth Face Mill-
ing Cutter just brought out by the
Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., of Provi-
dence, R. I. Means of quick release
from the spindle and for interchange-
ability of the cutters are provided, fea-
tures never before incorporated in cut-
ters of this design.

These advantages will be readily ap-
preciated by owners of shops as it will
do away with the necessity of keeping
a large assortment of cutters of various
sizes on hand. It will also do away
with the time now required to release
cutters from the spindle after they
have taken heavy cuts.

The cutter, which is keyed to a tap-
ered split sleeve of steel when in posi-
tion, is made with a taper hole suffi-
cient to cause ready release and that
will fit the sleeve which is screwed to
the spindle. The cutter is drawn on by

a clamping plate and drawing-bolt
which holds it in close proximity to the
spindle and allows a maximum amount
of working space. By loosening the
drawing-in bolt when the work is done
tho cutter can be easily removed.

in order that a cutter may be used
interchangeably on more than one ma-
chine special sleeves are provided. These
sleeves are made with the outside dia-
meter the same size as the bore of the
cutter while the inside of the sleeve will
vary to fit the nose of the spindle.

PERSONAL NOTES.

Eugene Stuart Bristol, president of
the New Haven Mfg. Co., New Haven,
Conn., died on April 2.

H. J. Fuller, president of the Cana-
dian Fairbanks Co., Montreal, is on a
trip to the Old Country.

Lawrence L. Anthes. of the Anthes
Foundry Co., Toronto, is visiting Wes-
tern Canada with a view of extending
the connections of the company.

Geo. S. Seeber, of the Percival Plow
& Stove Co., Merrickville, has resigned
his position with that company, and will
join his brother, Harry Seeber, in the
Canadian Mercantile Agency, Ottawa.

H. H. Hurd, who has been secretary-
treasurer of the Ontario Wind 'Engine
and Pump Co., Toronto, for the past
nine years, is removing to Winnipeg,
wliere he will have charge of the fin-
ancial interests of the company in the
west. This change of residence has been
found necessary owing to the rapid in-
crease of the company's business in the
western provinces. At a luncheon ten-
dered him on leaving, Mr. Hurd was pre-
sented with a handsome walking stick
as a token of esteem in which he was
held by his co-directors. The presenta-
tion was made by S. H. Chapman, presi-
dent of the company.

C utter

Clamping PI a**

■" ■■'■■ * '■ ■" ■

Omvving ,n Bolt

Inserted Face Tooth Milling Cutter, Prown & Sharpe,

INDUSTRIAL

CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

The C.P.K. will build a machine shop at Kam-
loops.

The C.P.R. will erect a machine shop at York-
ton, Sask.

The Scott Machine Co., London, will erect a
new plant at London.

The Hamilton City Corporation will build a
workshop to cost $8,500.

Reiner Bros' brass foundry, St. Catharines,
has been destroyed by fire.

Geo. White & Sons, London, will build a plant
in East London to cost $50,000.

The Malleable Iron Works Co. will build an ex-
tension to their works at Oshawa.

Reid & Brown's foundry, Toronto, was dam-
aged by fire about the middle of April.

The Dominion Government Mines Branch will
cstafrliBh an ore concentrator at Ottawa.

Gleeson Bros., carriage and wagon manufac-
turers, will enlarge their works at London.

The Albion Iron Works Co.. Vancouver,
foundrymen, have advertised their business for
sale.

Surgeon Bros.' machine works, Qu'Appelle,
Sask., were destroyed by fire last month. Loss
$20,000.

Work was started last month on the 160 x 50
factory of the Modern Malleable Range Co..
Chatham.

The machine works and garage of Russell
Bros., St. Catharines, were destroyed by fire,
loss $2,000.

The William Buck Stove Co.. Brantford. have
been authorized to increase its capital from
$150,000 to $1,000,000.

The Atikokan Iron Company's blast furnace at
Port Arthur will be placed in eommission again
as soon as navigation opens.

The Russell Harvester Co.. formerly of Wood-
stock, will in the future be known as the Can-
ada Grain Shocker Co.. Hamilton.

The Dominion Radiator Co.. Toronto, are plan-
ning important extensions of their plant, tho de-
tails of which have not yet been fully decided.
The Corbett Foundry and Machine Co. will en-
large their present plant at Owen Sound by
erecting an up-to-date foundry and machine shop.
The business conducted by the late Andrew
Young, at 11 Busby Lane, Montreal, has been
purchased and taken over by the Scotia En-
gineering Works.

A foundry for the manufacture of machinery
was granted a loan of $15,000 by the city of St.
Thomas for ten years to enlarge their plant and
manufacture furnaces.

Among the extensions to the C. G. E. at
Peterboro is an additional machine shop. Pro-
perty close to the present one has been secured
for the purpose.

The National Iron Works. Toronto, who se-
cured the site on Ashbridgc's Bay from that city
titld their first "pouring" on April 4, when Mr.
Cawthra Mulock "poured" the first pipe.

The annual convention of the Gurney Foundry
Co.'s Ontario traveling salesmen held at the
company's King Street offices, Toronto, laBt
month, was attended by about 30 salesmen.

The Canada Bolt & Nut Co., Toronto, have
anuointed two new agents, for Montreal, Bacon
Bros., of Montreal, and for Quebec Province and
Ontario east of Belleville, R. B. Coulson, of
Montreal.

The contract for the new McCrae gasolene en-
gine factory at Dunnville, has been awarded to
Albert E. Faulkner, of Brantford. It consists of
two buildings. 50 x 196. and 60 x 116. The con-
tract price it $13,000.

L. H. Warner, of the Perrin Plow & Stove Co..
Smith's Falls, has opened up an automobile and
motor boat repair shop in Smith's Falls. He is
installing a shop equipment of lathes, planer,
shaper, drill, etc., for the work.

G. S. Seeber, manager of the Percival Plow
and Stove Co., Merrickvillc. has resigned his po-
sition and will leave for Ottawa on June 1,
where he will go into partnership with his bro-
ther, in the Canadian Mercantile Agency, Ot-
tawa.

Canadian Gas-Power & Launches, Ltd., To-
ronto, manufacturers of stationary and marine
engines and launches, are negotiating to increase
their capital with the object of engaging in the
manufacture ol gasoline traction engines for the
western market.

The contract for the erection of the buildings
for the Canadian-American Gas and Gasolene En-
gine Co.'s plant, otherwise, the McCrea foundry,
at St. Catharines, has been given to Mr. A. E.
Faulknor, Brantford. The amount of the con-
tract is about $12,000.

The Canada Foundry Co., Toronto, recently
accomplished a remarkable feat in the way of
rapid construction. The eight-story structural
steel frame work for the Standard Bank build-
ing, Toronto, requiring 475 tons of steel, was
erected in 14 days.

The Labatt Manufacturing Company's plant at
London, has been taken over by a company of
London capitalists. The building, land, and ap-
pliances have be*_n purchased for the sum of $35.-
000, and the manufacture of all kinds of brass
goods will bo undertaken.

T. J. Drummond. of Drummond. McCall & Co.,
Montreal, president of the Lake Superior Corpor-
ation, said at a recent meeting of the directors,
that the corporation had recently booked an or-
der from the C.P.R. for steel rails aggregating
100,000 tons, with a valuation close to $3,000,000.
T. Hilliard, sales manager of the Canada
Foundry Co.. Toronto, has returned from a
lengthy trip through the Canadian West with
very hopeful views of the outlook, owing to the
continued rush of immigration and the great
activity in railroad building and public works
construction.

The Anhut Motor Car Co.. of Detroit has de
cided to locate at Chatham. The capital of thi
American concern has been increased from $150,-
000 to $300,000. the stock and premises of the
Chatham Motor Car Co. have been purchased,
and the concern is in a position to start oper-
ations here at once.

The International Harvester Co., Hamilton,
have secured a three-year lease of building and
equipment subject to ratification of the Paris
Plow Ca. directors. It is practically a certainty
that the directors will give their consent
with such a strong company at the head of af-
fairs.

It nas been settled that a branch of McLean.
Holt & Co.'s foundry business at St. John will be
started at Fort William. It has been stated that
the company would amalgamate with T. McAvity
& Sons, but James L. McAvity. proprietor of the
former concern and a director of the latter, will
neither confirm nor deny the report.

W. ('. Hunter, of T. McAvity & Sons', St.
John, employ has received a notice from Ottawa
that the Hunter & Hatch car heating equipment
of which he is the inventor, has been granted a
patent for Canada. The equipment was given a
test on C.P.R. and I.C.R. trains during the past
winter and proved very satisfactory. The heat-
ing is done by means of exhausr steam from the
engine.

The Scot Engineering Works, Montreal, have
recently been acquired by Mr. Thomas O. Sin-
clair, late of the Hall Engineering Works, and
of R. C. White, of the Clyde Iron Works, in suc-
cession to the late Andrew Young, at 11 Busby
lane. Mr. Sinclair is well-known in the city,
having had long experience in the shipping busi-
ness of Montreal.

Manager Boyd of the International Harvester
Co., Hamilton, states that its factory capacity
will have to be increased to enable it to keep
pace with the demand. Thei plant is behind in
several lines including traction plows and en-
gines, and gasoline traction engines for binding
and harvesting operations. Reports from the
company's seven distributing houses in the
west show large increase in business and in-
dicate that this will be a record year.

Henry Schaake, of the Schaake Machine Works,
New Westminster, B.C., has found it necessary
to meet the demands of business to incorporate
the Schaake Machine Works, of Seattle, with the
Western Gas Engine Co.. also of Seattle. This
will have no effect on the works at New West-
minster which have proved a success. Besides
Mr. Schaake, the incorporators of the new com-
pany are J. C. Johnson, who will be vice-pres-
ident, and Carl Smith, the secretary-treasurer.

The Belleville Brass Goods Co., Belleville, are
changing their name to the Springer Lock Mfg.
Co., the reorganized company to be under the
managing directorship of W. C. Springer,
formerly managing director of the Belleville
Hardware Co. A new foundry, 60 x 90
feet and one storey high, is being added to the
plant in preparation for taking up the manufac-
turing of other lines of builders' hardware.
About 60 men are now employed, and the num-
ber will be added to when the additions are com-
pleted.

It is said that the $30,000,000 merger planned
by the Hamilton Steel and Iron Company, and
which is planned to include the Canada Bolt and
Nut Works with factories in Toronto, Brantford
and Gananoque. and the Canada Screw Works,
Hamilton, will fall through. It is understood
that the charter of one of these companies
makes it possible for any stockholder with a
hundred shares to block a merger, and this is
given as the reason why the Hamilton com-
pany is taking such pains to please the minor-
ity shareholders.

Plans are being worked out to make the. Nel-
son Iron Works. Ltd., which absorbs the Nelson
Iron Works and the Rossland Iron Works, the
largest iron industry between Winnipeg and Van-
couver. The new company which has been or-
ganized has for its officers : President, B. A.
Isaacs ; vice-president, Leslie Crawford ; direc-
tors, S. S. Fowler, W. M. Cunliffe, R. W. Hin-
tou. The field of the company will be e.vtensive.
including the Boundary. Kootenay and Similka-
meen districts of British Columbia, the Crow's
Nest Pass coal mining district and Western Al- '
bflortft. Mr. Cunliffe. formerly of the Rossland
Lron Works, will be the manager of the . com-
pany, and Mr. Hinton will continue to be super-
intendent.

The plans the C.P.R. have in view for improv-
ing the local yard at Kamloops, B.C., provide
for an expenditure of $175,000. It is proposed to
move the new station back 100 feet lrom its
present position and straighten out the main
track. This will enable the company to lay sev-
eral additional tracks, and thus provide more
accommodation for cars. It is expected that
this improvement will give space for at least

bi;

Canadian Machinery

■rvwi hundred ears, about double the present
capacity. A machine shop will be built on the
site now occupied by the old coal bunkers,
which will be torn down. The shops will be
commodious and equipped with modern machin-
ery and give employment to a large stall of ma-
chinists. Six of the stalls, constituting the
northwest wing of the roundhouse, will be torn
down and replaced with larger stalls.

W. M. Cunliffe has sold out his interest in the
Kossland Engineering Works, and it is the inten-
tion to move the plant to Nelson where it will
be merged with that of the Nelson Iron Works.
When the amalgamation is completed, a new
name may be decided upon for the concern. The
Kossland Engineering Works has been in oper-
ation here for about eleven years and have em-
ployed from ten to twenty men. turning out or-
ders for as far away as the Yukon. It is not lack of
business that has prompted the disposal of inter-
ests by Mr. Cunliffe. but with the two companies
together the management can be more economical.
Mr. Cunliffe will take part in the management
of the amalgamated companies. The Kossland
plant has made a specialty of wrought iron
boiler work, and when the two plants are to-
gether the works will be as complete as any
that can be found east of the coast cities.

George McAvity, president of T. McAvity &
Sons, St. John, hnB recently returned from a
visit to a number of United States cities, where
in company with Mr. Barlow, superintendent of
the foundry business, he was looking over foun-
dries, with a view of getting ideas for the build,
ing of an enlarged plant. Mr. Barlow is still
away, and is continuing his inspection of plants
in various cities with an expert engineer. Before
returning to St. John they will probably visit
Port Arthur and look over the site that has been
offered there. Mr. McAvity states that they must
have a site that is accessible by rail and water
and the plant which is to be built will employ
at the start not lesB than 500 men and within
two years would require from 800 to 1,000 men.
A large amount of new machinery has already
been ordered and Mr. McAvity says it will be
necessary for them to decide very soon where
they will locate, as the machinery will be ready
for delivery in a short time, and they must know
where to have it shipped.

Electrical Notes.

The town of Fergus will have Hydro-Electric
power.

The electric light by-law at Waterford, Ont.,
was carried.

The town of Hanley, Sask., want6 an electric
lighting system.

Pemberton & Sons will instal a private power
plant in the new Pemberton block Victoria.

The by-law at Wetaskawin, Alta., to raise $5,-
000 for extension of power plant has been car-
ried.

The by-law to borrow $122,000 for the purpose
of improving the light plant, at Coutlcook. Que.,
was carried.

A permit has been issued at Winnipeg for the
city power terminal station to be erected at a
cost of $87,000.

The G.T.P. swing bridge at West Fort, ovir
the Kaministiquia river will in the future be
operated by electricity.

A new 150 h.p. boiler will be installed in the
electric light plant in Fergus, Ont., replacing the
smaller boiler now there.

John Houtwig's new $175,000 sawmill on the
south side of False Creek, near Vancouver, will
be operated by electricity.

Golden & Lansing contractors. Troy, N. Y.,
are laying conduits on east Adelaide St., To-
ronto, to the amount of $50,000.

The contract for the construction of an addi-
tion to the Hull power house was awarded to
E. B. Bisson, of Hull, at $13,386.40.

The Continental Light and Heat Co., Montreal,
are making large extensions and improvements
to their system in the district of Thetford
Mines, Que.

In order to raise money for the development
of the water powers at Renfrew a by-law will be
submitted to the ratepayers for $77,000.

The sum of $25,000 has been placed in the es-
timates of the Legislature to equip the London
Hospital of the Insane with electrical fixtures.

The Brandon Electric Light Co. have applied
to the city council for power to instal in the
cirt of Brandon a system to supply heat for pub-
lie use.

Kingston penitentiary has made an offer to the
village of Portsmouth to supply electricity for
street lighting, if the latter will erect and main-
tain poles, wires, lamps, etc.

Tenders for boilers, engines, condenser pumps
and piping together with electrical apparatus are
called for by Thomas Dunn chairman of electric
light committee Prince Rupert up till May 3.

The New Liskeard Light, Heat and Power Co.
have issued a writ for $40,000 damages against
the High Falls Mining Co. The plaintiffs claim
exclusive right to supply electricity to Hailey-
bury.

The city of Kamloops agrees to take power
from the Shuswap Power Co. in accordance with
Engineer Dutcher's recommendation. When the
matter is finally settled, the company will spend
it is estimated, about a million dollars.

The Calgary Power Co. are spending $1,500,000
in the construction of a dam and plant, which
will have a reserve force of water about two
miles and between sixty and seventy feet in
height and 350 feet broad. The dam is located
40 miles west on the Bow river.

The Crown Electrical Co.. St. Charles, 111.,
will establish a branch concern at Brantford, to
employ 75 hands at the commencement. A build-
ing will be erected immediately. The company
manufactures electrical and gas fixtures, and
have already a good business established in Can-
ada.

The announcement of the incorporation of the
International Electric Co., Nelson, capitalized at
$1,000,000, with $400,000 fully paid up. to develop
power from the Pend D'Oreille river from its
junction with the Salmon river, is causing much
interest. The company proposes to use 4,000
cubic feet per second.

Canadian shareholders of Northern Ohio Trac-
tion & Light will be interested in the plans of
the company to spend $1,500,000 on a new power-
house, near Akron, Ohio. It will take the place
of smaller power-houses at Bedford, Cuyahoga
Falls, Akron. Canton and Midvale.

City Engineer Speakinan, of Brandon, has
prepared plans for the establishment of a steam
generating plant, capable of furnishing sufficient
power to operate a street railway, the pumping
station and street lighting, and have about 300
horse power in reserve. A public steam heating
system would also be served. Estimated cjst
$125,000.

The West Coast Power Co.. Victoria, are mak-
ing application for a water record of 3.500 feet
per second on Gordon river, Vancouver Island,
just below the Big Canyon. It is calculated
that 110,000 horse power can be developed with
this amount of flow and with a 300. foot head.
It is stated the works will occupy an area of
100 acres.

The Canadian General Electric Co. will extend
its plant at Peterboro and expend $250,000 in the
undertaking. The company will erect a power
house at the new waterworks dam. to generate
power for their own purposes, and will pay to
the city $2,000 per year. At the end of twenty
years the company will hand the plant over to
the city without charge.

The Edmonton citizens voted on April 21 on a
by-law to issue $30,000 debentures for the pur-
pose of extending and improving the municipal
electric system ; also on the same date on a
by-law to issue $50,000 debentures for the purpose
of erecting, etc., car barns for the municipal
street railway system : also on the same date a
by-law to issue $260,500 debentures to extend and
further equip the municipal street railway sys-
tem.

McCuaig Bros. & Co.. Montreal, have purcha6'
ed the Sherbrooke Street Railway ; also water
powers in the vicinity. It is the intention to ex-
tend the road considerably. A large amount of
money will also be expended in developing the
power plants.

Municipal Enterprises.

Hamilton's trunk sewer will cost $476,275.

The proposed sewer at Kingston will cost
$19,000.

A sand filtration plant has been recommended
for Brockville, Ont.

The Nassaweya, Ont., ratepayers will vote on
a $10,000 drainage by-law.

Engineers are engaged in preparing plans for
the Regina sewerage scheme to cost $350,000.

G. H. Bryson, acting engineer, of Victoria, in
his report on the reservoir states that repairs
will cost about $30,000.

Tenders will shortly be invited for approxim-
ately eighty tons of castings required by the
waterworks at Vancouver.

Tenders are being called by North Battleford.
Sask-, for pipes, hydrants, etc., in connection
with the waterworks system.

The by-law to raise $40,000 to complete the
waterworks and sewer installation at Wetaskiwin,
Alta., has been carried.

The Quebec council is calling for tenders for
the annual supply of iron castings, brass cast-
ings, lead pipe, pig lead, and drain pipes.

L. H. Buck will submit to the Chilliwack,
B.C., council a scheme for a drainage and sewer-
age system.

The following by-laws were carried at Regina,
Sask. : waterworks extensions, $10,000 ; sewerage
extensions, $10,000.

The London city council awarded a contract
for 2,000 feet of rubber hose to the Mechanical
Rubber Co., of Cleveland.

The Township of Etobicoke have awarded the
contract for sewers to I. M. Scott, Lambton
Mills. Ont., at $4,727.93.

Tenders have been called for the supply of
137.000 pounds of lead pipe for the Winnipeg
waterworks department.

The estimates made by the London Water Com-
missioners include : Service extension, $6,000 ;
main extension, $10,000 ; meters and hydrants,
$7,500.

The Ontario Railway Board has given Toronto
permission to issue $45,000 debentures to cover
the cost of laying trunk sewers in the east and
annex.

The by-law to issue debentures to the amount
of $100,000 for extending and improving the
waterworks at Hamilton has been passed by the
council.

The Winniptg Board of Control recommends
that the contract for supplying water pipe be
awarded to tho Stanton Iron Works, Montreal,
at $18,131.

The by-law to authorize the issue of debentures
to the amount of 550,000 for the purpose of con-
structing a system of waterworks at Fort Erie,
Out., was carried.

Prescott, Ont., will shortly invite tenders for
the extension of their sewerage system, including
one septic tank. A by-law to raise $22,000 for
. this purpose has been carried.

The Toronto Board of Control awarded the
contract for one 42-inch hydraulically operated
stop valve for the main pumping station to Can-
adian Fairbanks Co., Toronto, at $1,180.

City Engineer Ker, Ottawa, submitted plans. for
the west end drainage system with a septic tank
in Mechanicsville. The plans will now be for-
warded to the provincial board of health for
approval.

The St. Thomas power committee awarded the
contract for general supplies to Ingram & Davey
at $1,561.44, and The Gartshore Foundry Co.,
Hamilton, will furnish 30,000 tons of cast iron
pipe at $34 per ton.

Five large water mains will be laid on Trolley,
Britannia, Kensington, Cannon and Prospect

CANADIAN MACHINERY

63

Streets, Hamilton, and the services installed as
quickly as the people apply for them. The con-
struction of these mains will cost about $19,000.

The Aylmer, Ont., Water Commissioners have
purchased land for a reservoir and work will be
commenced at once on a pipe line. It is estimat-
ed that this will give the town from three to
five hundred thousand gallons more water a day,
at an initial cost of $12,000.

The contract for the manufacture of reinforced
concrete tile for storm sewers on Brant Avenue,
Waterloo Street, and Albion Street, Brantford,
has been awarded to the Lock Joint Pipe Co.,
NYw York, on the condition that the pipe be
manufactured here, and local labor employed.

The Winnipeg city engineer reports that the
estimated cost of a sewer in Godfrey Avenue,
from Cambridge Street to the city limits, was
$23,563 ; that of a main sewer in Ash Street,
from Assiniboine river to Godfrey Street, is $38,-
225 ; and a main sewer in Crescent Road, from
Ash to Renfrew, will cost $49,772. The cost of
the sewer in Renfrew, from Crescent Road to
Godfrey, is placed at $10,263, making a total of
$121,823.

The Kingston Waterworks Committee recom-
mend that tenders for supplies be awarded as
follows : Selby & Youlden, hydrants, etc. ;
Francis Tracy, steel drills, picks, etc. ; Chadwick
Bros., service cocks ; Canada Foundry Co., valve,
etc. ; Gartshore, Thompson Pipe & Foundry Co.,
cast iron piping ; Queen City Oil Co., oil ; Sim-
mons Bros., block tin. waste, etc. ; W. B. Dalton
& Sons, Are clay, shovels, etc. ; McKelvey &
Birch, lead piping, galvanized piping, fittings,
etc.

The following tenders for water works supplies
for 1910 were recommended for acceptance by the
Calgary council : Canadian Brass Co., Gait,
brass work for house services, $2,357. J. Robert-
son Co., Winnipeg, pipe lead, $5.50 per 100 lbs.,
pig lead, $4.62 per 100 lbs. Gurney Standard
Metal Co., oakum. $3.75 per 100 lbs. Crane &
Ordway, Calgary, galvanized iron pipe, $3,175.
Calgary Ironworks, Calgary, valve boxes, $4 per
100 lbs., and hydrants, $50 all sizes without
crane attachment. Canadian Foundry Co., To-
ronto, crane posts, $54.10 : specials, $3.20 per 100
tfts. Bissett & Loucks, Winnipeg, valves, $2,-
989.30. Union Iron Works, Calgary, hydrants, 8
it., $49.50 ; 8 ft. 6 in.. $30 ; 9 ft.. $51.50 without
crane attachment, with crane attachment $5 ex-
tra. Evans. Coleman, Evans, Vancouver, cast
iron pipe.

Structural Steel.

The highway bridge at Fredericton is complet-
ed. The total cost was about $285,000.

The Brantford city engineer will ask for tend-
ers for a new concrete, Bteel reinforced bridge
over Market Street, approximate cost, $50,000.

Tho Hamilton Bridge Works have been award,
ed the contract for the structural steel work on
the Sawyer-Massey Company's new building, at
Hamilton.

The corporation of St. Johns have bought a
steel vehicular bridge from the city of Pitts-
burg. Pa. The bridge will Bpan the river be-
tween St. Johns and Iberville. The bridge was
bought at one and one-tenth cents per lb. The
total cost delivered in St. Johns will be about
$8,500.

The presentation of plans for the proposed new
bridges over the Great Northern Railway cut at
Victoria and Park drives, Vancouver, are under
consideration and call for 30 and 42 foot width
respectively, with 26 foot walks on each. Both
bridges will be of steel of the deck design and
will cost approximately $18,000 to $20,000.

Planing Mill News.

O. H. Moxley is building a new mill at New
Liskeard. Ont.

Dickenson & Scott are erecting a sash and door
factory at North Vancouver.

Culliton Bros, are erecting a new sawmill at
Loon Lake, near Albernie, B.C.

The Chicoutimi Pulp Company's new mills at
Chicoutimi, Que., are completed.

The Cleveland-Sarnia Saw ills Co.. Sarnia,
will build a planing mill to their plant at that
place.

J. Kaufman, Berlin, Ont., will erect an addi-
tion to his planing mill. Estimated cost about
$14,000.

John Hanbury, of Brandon, will erect a lumber
mill on the south side of Falls Creek, B.C. to
cost $175,000.

The Toplin Timber Co., of Toronto, are erect-
ing a saw-mill on the shore of Lake Sasaquiaga.
near Cobalt.

Jas. McDiarmid & Co. have been awarded the
contract to construct the planing mill at the
C.P.R. shops at Winnipeg.

Leslie Bros*, planing mill at Mount Forest,
was completely gutted by fire. The mill was
partly covered by insurance.

Galbraith & Airth. Chatsworth, Ont., will
move their sawmill and sash and door factory
to Owen Sound in the near future.

The Watt Milling & Feed Co., of Toronto and
Shelburne have now a complete planing mill and
sash and door factory in Shelburne. The build-
ing was overhauled and enlarged last fall and a
number of new up-to-date machines installed.

Engines, Generators and Boilers

FOR SALE IN 0OOD ORDER AND CONDITION.
Boilers.
1 Robb-Muraford boiler rated at 150 h.p. ;
working pressure 125 lbs. per square inch ;
heating surface 1220 sq. ft. ; grate surface
24£ sq. ft. ; built 1898. Some tubes require
renewal.

1 Cornish boiler, built by the John McDougall

Co. : working pressure 80 lbs. per square
inch ; heating surface 224 sq. ft. ; grate sur-
face 8} sq. ft.

Engines and Generators.

2 75 kilowatt direct connected engines and gen-

erators. Each engine has a cylinder 12* '
diameter x 14" stroke, suitable for 120 lbs.
working pressure.

Each generator is of 600 amperes capacity at
115 to 150 volts direct current, and runs at '
270 revolutions per minute.
Unit No. 1 consists of a Robb engine con-
nected to a Crocker-Wheeler generator.
Set No. 2 consists of an Ideal engine con-
nected to a Canadian General Electric Gen-
erator.

These sets are both 9 years old. They can be
Been running at any time by appointment-
The machinery is offered for sale as it stands
in the Macdonald Engineering Building, McGill
University, Montreal, and purchaser must under-
take removal.

W. VAUGHAN,
Bursar, McGill University.

Editor Wanted

High-grade Editorial Man wanted
for this journal. Must be graduate
in mechanical engineering and with
some experience in shop manage-
ment.

Applications will be treated in
strictest confidence.

Canadian Machinery

10 FRONT STREET EAST

TORONTO

Canadian

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442 Barton St. East, Hamilton

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64

CANADIAN MACHINERY

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Write for Price*.

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MACHINISTS, DIE AND TOOL MAKERS

120 Adelaide Street Wert
TORONTO - CANADA

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Send for catalogue.

Ker & Goodwin

Brantford, Canada

The property of the Fraser Kiver Lumber Co..
New Westminster. B.C., has been acquired by the
Canadian Western Lumber Co. The Fraser River
Co. is said to be the largest in the world. The
amount involved in the sale is almost $20,000,000.

Atkins & Hardy are the movers in a new in-
dustrial concern, which will be established at
Owen Sound. They were in Toronto last week.
and purchased machinery for the manufacture of
wood fibre. And have let the contracts for the
erection of a concrete building, 40 x 60 feet.

John Pierson's heading box and planing mill
factory at Stevensville, Ont., was destroyed by
fire, with the contents, machinery and manufac-
tured lumber and the lumber pil?d nearby. A
lot of new machinery was lately put in. Loss
about nine thousand dollars, without any insur-
ance.

General Manufacturing News.

Hon. Adam Beck will build a box factory at
Winnipeg.

The Canada Cement Co. will erect a cement
mill at Winnipeg.

The N. C. Poison Co. will erect a factory and
warehouse at Kingston.

The Knechtel Furniture Co. will erect a new
factory at Hanover, Ont.

F. C. Durant will erect a sugar refinery at St.
John to cost about $2,000,000.

The Canada Loose Leaf Co. will erect an ad-
dition to their factory at Montreal.

The Brantford Cordage Co. will make exten-
sions to their factory at Brantford.

The Coleman Baking Co., Toronto, will build a
bakery at Winnipeg, to cost $50,000.

The Cockshutt Plow Co. will make large ex-
tensions to their plant at Brantford.

The Plymouth Cordage Co.. Welland, will erect
a 300 foot addition to their storage and ware-
house facilities.

Work has been commenced on the new building
for the Kingston Shipbuilding Co.. Kingston. It
will be 125 x 62 feet, two storeys high.

The Shurly & Dietrich Co.. Gait, will erect an
addition 100 x 45 feet, of reinforced concrete
with fire-proof roof, for storage purposes.

W. C. Cuthbert Ward, of the firm of J. H.
Andrew & Co., Toledo Steel Works. Sheffield.
Kng., is in Canada in the interests of his firm.

The Stone, Limited, have been granted a per-
mit to erect an addition to their factory at 461
King Street West, Toronto, at a cost of $35,000.

The Allan Hills Edge Tool Co., Gait, is now
employing 40 hands, after four months' oper-
ation. The demand for their products is stead-
ily increasing.

The Canadian Slate Products Co.. capitalized
at $2,500,000. will commence the erection and in-
stalation of their plant at Vermilion. Alta. in
the near future. Estimated cost about $1,000,-
000.

The Empire Refining Co.. Wallaceburg. an-
nounce that building operations will be started
at once on a $26,000 addition to the refinery
which will be utilized for the manufacture of
candles and wax in all its forms.

The St. Catharines ratepayers voted on by-
laws to grant exemption to the Canadian
Crocker-Wheeler Co., Monarch Knitting Co. and
the St. Catharines Woollen Mills Co.. on April
22 all three being carried by large majorities.

A new industry is about to be established in
the city of Quebec, when the Crown Rubber Shoe
Company will start operations in the new ward
of Limoilou. The factory will employ 200 people
and will produce an average of 2.000 pairs of
rubbers daily.

The St. Thomas, Ont., by-law to loan $10,000
to the C. Norsworthy Co. for ten years without
interest to enable them to go into the manufac-
ture of furnaces, stoves, etc., has been carried.
The by-law to loan $15,000 to the Nursery Shoe
Co.. Toronto, for ten years, with three years*
interest was also carried.

Fire broke out in "B" elevator of the Cal-
irary Milling Co.. Calgary. The cause was spon-
taneous combustion. One hundred thousand

bushels of grain were burned. The total loss in
grain and building was $300,000. The Insurance
is light. The elevator had a capacity of 250,000
bushels, and was erected in 1905.

The Onward Manufgcturing Co., Berlin, an-
nounce that they intend erecting an addition to
their factory, as the present building is inade-
quate for the manufacture of their sliding fur-
niture shoes. Their vacuum cleaner business is
also growing rapidly, as hardware dealers have
found their sale a profitable side line.

It is announced that a deal has been effected
whereby Chatham Bent Goods Co., Chatham,
which has been idle since last fall, will resume
operations. The plant and premises have been
acquired by Merritt & Co. There is also talk of
a new bent goods factory being started by some
of the men formerly connected with the old con-
cern.

The agreement between the city of St. John
and the David Craig Co., Boston, whereby the
Craig concern secures a lease of property at Green
Head, for establishing a plant for the manufac-
ture of concrete blocks for building purposes,
was signed last week and the work of getting
the buildings and machinery in place will com-
mence on May 1.

The Hanbury Mfg. Co.. whose head office is at
Winnipeg, announce that they will at once
double the capacity of their whole establishment,
factories, mills, warehouses and offices, which
will result in hundreds of extra hands being em-
ployed and thousands of dollars worth of m m
machinery being installed. The company exdects
to have theBe improvements completed by June 1.

The B. F. Nelson Co., manufacturers of roofing ,
and building material. Minneapolis, are about to
open several branch offices in the west where
complete stocks are to be stored. In the near
future a plant is to be erected somewhere in the
west for the manufacture of their materials. The
Canadian business of the company is to be in
charge of F. P. Barker, formerly of the Amer-
ican Roofing Co., Kansas City.

Building Operations.

Calgary Odd Fellows will erect a $100,000 tem-
ple.

The Grey Nuns will a new building at Regina.
Sask.

A $12,000 school house will be erected at Elbow.
Sask.

Douglas & Co. will erect a warehouse at Win-
nipeg.

A new Anglican church will be erected at Mer-
ritt, B.C.

The new Orpheum theatre at Winnipeg will
cost $150,000.

The new Y.M.C.A. building at Winnipeg will
cost $300,000.

L. Christie will erect a $10,000 block at Fort
Frances, Ont.

Finch & Finch will erect a three-storey block at
Victoria, B.C.

J. Vaio will build a business block at Victoria
to cost $10,000.

A new isolation hospital will be erected at
Vancouver, B.C.

W. Holden is erecting a $250,000 building at
Vancouver, B.C.

The new building for the Y.M.C.A. at Halitax.
will cost $150,000.

The McClary Mfg. Co. will erect a torn ware
house at Calgary.

Willis & Co.. Montreal, will erect a new build-
ing at that place.

R. Howson & Co. will erect a business block at
Revelstoke. B.C.

The Tourist Hotel Co. will erect a new build-
ing at Kenora, Ont.

An apartment block will he erected at Winni-
peg to cost $350,000.

The Union Bank will erect a $150,000 office
building at Toronto.

The Canada Veiling Co. are erecting a $76,000
building at Toronto.

Mr. Moriarty, of Spokane, will build a busi-
ness block at Calgary.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Amos Sliulk will erect j. $20.UOfl apartment
liuiisr .it Toronto.

An Anglican church will he erected at Leth-
l.iulge to cost $100,000.

S. Hinaccal will erect a cold storage plant at
Winnipeg, to cost $80,000.

The First Methodist congregation will erect a
new church at Hamilton.

A new municipal building will be erected at
Sudbury to cost $25,000.

An annex will be erected to the Montreal City
Hall at a coit of $175,000.

H. A. Sinnot. Calgary, will huild n large busi-
ness block at Lethbridge.

An annex will be built to the Brunswick hotel.
Winnipeg, to cost $22,000.

J. A. Seabold will build a business block at
Vancouver to cost $78,000.

An English syndicate will build a warehouse at
Winnipeg to cost $100,000.

•Sweeney & McOonnell will erect a building at
Victoria to cost $15,000.

A. B. Kent will erect an apartment house at
Winnipeg to cost $50,000.

The Bank of Montreal will erect a building at
Winnipeg to cost $950,000.

A new school house is being erected at West-
boro, Ont., to cost $15,000.

The O.T.P. will erect a 10.000.000 bushel ele-
vator at Port Arthur, Ont.

Stanftelds. Ltd., will erect a large building at
Truro. N.S., to cost $50,000.

MacMillan & Vollans will build an $80,000
apartment house at Winnipeg.

The Royal Canadian Flour Mills Co. will erect
a large plant at Kenora, Ont.

An armory will be built next year at Prince
Albert, Sask., to cost $10,000.

Senator Lougheed will erect a skyscraper, at
Calgary, at a cost of $300,000.

Cowans Kent Western, Ltd., will erect a 6-
storey warehouse at Winnipeg.

C. F. Madden will erect a $35,000 apartment
house on St. Albans St.. Toronto.

A new Catholic church will be erected at Ver-
dun, Que., to cost over $100,000.

F. Lindsay will erect a store and apartment
block at Winnipeg to cost $90,000.

The Bank of Toronto will erect a branch at
Vonge and Charles Streets. Toronto.

The Rogers Fruit Co. will build a distribution
warehouse at Portage la Prairie. Man.

The B.C. Government will erect a new hospital
at New Westminster to cost $75,000.

The new Metallurgy building for the School of
Mining at Kingston, will cost $40,000.

The Bell Telephone Co. will erect a new office
building at Stratford to cost $50,000.

The Prince of Wales Fusiliers, Montreal, will
have a new armory erected for them.

The Henderson Mfg. Co., Winnipeg, will erect
a large block at that place to cost $35,000.

A rink of steel structure will be erected at
Carleton Place, Ont.. to cost about $15,000.

C. H. Stephenson, Saskatoon, will erect a
business block at that place to cost $20,000.

Central Congrtational Church, Winnipeg, will
build an edifice to accommodate 4,000 people.

The congregation of St. Stephen's Church, To-
ronto, will erect a new edifice to cost $60,000.

Tho Fort Rouge Methodist congregation, Win-
nipeg, will erect a new edifice to cost $45,000.

The Young Methodist Church congregation will
erect a new edifice at Winnipeg to coBt $72,000.

H. A. Hart has been granted a permit to build
an apartment house at Toronto, to cost $25,000.

A large building is being erected on Donald
Street, Winnipeg, for the Canada Cycle & Motor
Co.

The Hobbs Hardware Co. are erecting a large
building at London north of their present fac-
tory.

(arson, Falkner & Ladell will erect a block of
stores and apartments at Winnipeg to cost $25,-
000.

The High Park Methodist Church, Toronto,
will build a Sunday school building to cost
$20,000.

....'... J' \. I - .' .», ,., t.H >. 1 .'H11'1 AJ ,»■!., f'.'.'.l. ,U ■."l,?l-'l..V-'.'..-'-lJJI,".»l.Wl.l.',J.,lfJ'«U'.lJ

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66

CANADIAN MACHINERY

THE BEYER WATCHMAN'S PORTABLE
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G. C. BREDIN, Sales Agent

252 Dundas St. London, Canada

Record Dials famished for all machines.

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Dies and Stampings.

Special Manufacturing
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If you want to get
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for "THE SIL-
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THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.

898 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.

Canadian Agent :
H. W. PETRIE, Front St. W., Toronto, Canada

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Fir general machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Our catalogue shows many
styles and sizes and is sent
free. :

The Gushman Chuck Go.

Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.

Established 1862

conservatory will be
Vancouver, as an Op-

The Port Arthur Independent Order of For-
esters are planning to erect a business block at
that place.

Judge Travis, Beveridge Bros, and Geo. Bryan
will erect a five storey block at Calgarv, to cost
$25,000.

The congregation of the First Baptist Church.
Vancouver, B.C., will erect a new edifice to cost
$100,000.

The Home Investment Co.. Vancouver, were
granted a permit to build a five storey block to
cost $75,000.

The C.P.R. will double the capacity of its hard
coal storage warehouse. Fort William, at a cost
of $200,000.

The Canada Life Assurance Co. will erect a
large eight-storey office building at Vancouver,
costing $20,000.

Burns & Walker, have purchased property at
North Vancouver, B.C., on which a tourist hotel
will be erected.

The Eldrans-Brandon Pressed Brick Co. will
make extensive additions to their plant at El-
drans. Man.

A new palm house and
erected in Stanley Park,
penheimer memorial.

The Dominion Stock & Bond Corporation of
Vancouver, will erect a 12-storey building at that
place to cost $600,000.

A chain of Carlton-Ritz hotels will be erected
in Canada. The first will be built at Montreal
to cost about $3,000,000.

Swift & Co., Stratford, have awarded the con-
tract for the construction of their storage plant
to John li. Youngs.

W. Bruce, Winnipeg, is preparing plans for an
apartment house to be erected by the Minne-
waska Syndicate at Winnipeg.

The Thistle Curling Club and the members of
the Builders' Exchange have decided to build a
large curling plant at Winnipeg.

Plans are under preparation for a church for
the congregation of the First Church of Christ.
Scientist, Winnipeg, to cost $75,000.

The contract for the Canada Permanent com-
pany's new $65,000 office building at Edmonton
has been awarded to Pheasey & Batson.

Improvements and extensions to cost $15,000
will be made to the Rosedale stand and club
house by the Toronto Lacrosse & Athletic As-
sociation.

Two now collegiate institutes will be erected
at Winnipeg, one in the north and the other in
the south. Each building will cost in the neigh-
borhood of $225,000.

William Bruce. Winnipeg, is preparing plans for
an apartment house to be erected there this
spring, to cost $50,000, and also for a $50,000 re
sidence for R. J McKenzie.

Winnipeg proposes to spend on the extention
of General hospital. $300,000 ; auxiliary hospital
to General $100,000 : isolation hosnital, $100,000 ;
tubercular hospital, $75,000 ; and morgue, $25,000.
The Metropolitan Building Co., Wm. Holden
George J. Bauer, are erecting ten-storey steel-
concrete buildings at Vancouver, and George-
Bower is also erecting an eight-storey building
of the same type in that city.

The following buildings will be erected at Win-
nipeg : Warehouse and additions to Western
Flour Mills, $260,000 ; warehouse for Berna Tax-
icab Co., $40,000 : business block for R. R. Pat-
tinson, $70,000 : pavilion and garage for auto-
mobile club at Stonewall. $25,000 : store and
apartment block for A. ('. Gardiner. $58,000.

New Companies.

The Rodney Woodenware Co.. Rodney, have ob-
tained a charter.

The Brown-Jarvis Roofing Co.. Brantford, have
obtained a charter.

A charter has been granted to the United
Counties Oil & Cas Co.. Pendleton.

The Robinson Glue So., Montreal ; capital.
$75,000, to manufacture, import and sell glues.
etc. Incorporators, J. G. deLorlmier. G. W.
Dow and A. H. Brittain. Montreal.

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfrs. of SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patents Perfected

GEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL

Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PARMENTER BULLOCH CO., Ltd.

GANANOQUE, ONT.

Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs,
Bifurcated aod Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Escutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED

OWEN SOUND, ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kinds, Crey

Iron and Brass Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

^ALL KINDS^

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258 CATHERINE STREET NORTH

HAMILTON . ONT

CANADIAN MACHINERY

67

Monmouth Granite Quarries, Toronto ; capital,
(50,000 ; to quarry, manufacture and sell granite
and stone of all kinds. Incorporators. E. Ber-
ridge. J. P. Berridge, H. K. Sharpe, Toronto.

Kirvan-Doig, Montreal ; capital, $50,000 ; to
manufacture and deal in boots, shoes, rubbers,
blacking and varnish. Incorporators, K. Lan-
gucdoc, E. S. Parkins and 0. Cagnon, Montreal.

Scythes & Co., Toronto : capital, $75,000 ; to
manufacture and deal in threads, twine, hemp,
cotton, flax, rubber clothing and belting of rub-
ber. Incorporators, J. A. Scythes, G. N. Dale,
J. G. Taylor, Toronto.

Frank Lime Co.. Toronto ; capital, $50,000 ; to
manufacture and deal in cement, limestone, cal-
cined and other plasters, artificial stone and
sewer pipe. Incorporators, 0. M. Moore, J. Mc-
Bain. J. Faust, Toronto.

Edwards, Reesor Co., Toronto, capital $40,000 :
to manufacture. instal and deal in furnaces,
boilers, sheet metal work, machine work, tools,
plumbing, etc. Incorporators are A. B. Reesor,
G. E. Edwards, F. W. Hidcr, of Toronto.

The Colombia Oil and Gas Co., Ottawa :
capital, $4,000,000, to prospect, manufacture and
refine oil wells and products. Incorporators, J.
H. Spence. M. C. Cameron and D. D. McLeod,
Toronto.

Knight Bros. & M'Kinnon, Cobalt ; capital,
$50,000 ; to manufacture, buy and heal in shin-
gles, hardware and mining supplies. Incorporat-
ors, H. Knight, W. Sharpe. H. L. Barber. Burk's
Falls, Ont.

The Canadian Glass Co., Hamilton ; capital.
$100,000 ; to manufacture and carry on a business
in glass in every description. Incorporators. M.
J. O'Reilly. G. H. Levy and W. W. Osborne. Ha-
milton.

Anchor Packing Co., of Canada, Walkerville,
Ont. ; capital, $40,000 ; to manufacture and deal
in rubber goods and goods of rubber compounds.
Incorporators, E. C. Adams, O. M. Flynn, F. A.
Kohi, Detroit, Mich.

W. G. Colville Co., Fort William ; capital.
$40,000 ; to manufacture, buy and deal in hard,
ware, metals, paints and sporting, and house-
hold supplies. Incorporators, W. G. Colville, J.
A. Fife. A. H. Dowler. Fort William.

Canadian Mahogany Co., Ottawa : capital.
$200,000 ; to manufacture and deal in timber,
wood and woodenware of all kinds. Incorpor-
ators. Hon. \V. C. Edwards and G. C. Edward,
both of Ottawa, \V. A. Hall, New York.

The Ozone Purified Water, Montreal ; capital,
$100,000 ; to manufacture bottles and stoppers,
to instal plants, machineries, apparatus or any-
other requirements for the purification or water
Incorporators, R. Duckett. J. P. Lamarche and
G. Allard, Montreal.

Dominion Dry Dock Co., Quebec ; capital $1.-
000,000 ; to carry on the business of shipbuilding
and ship repairing, to design, construct or take
down dry docks, wet docks, harbors, slips, piers
and wharves, work shops, buildings, machinery
and warehouses. Incorporators. Sir Thomas
Shaughnessy, H. A. Allen, Montreal. G. D.
Davie. Quebec.

Trade Notes.

The Philip Carey Mfg. Co., manufacturers of
insulating materials have moved their Toronto
offices from 112 Bay St. to 77 Front St. East.

The General Supply Co., Ottawa, have removed
their office and warerooma to 356-358 and 360
Sparks St., where they will have more commo-
dious quarters.

The Sclater Asbestos Co.. Montreal, will move
about May 1st from their old offices, 102 Na-
zareth St., to new quarters at the corner of
Brennan and Dalhousie Streets.

The Cleveland Twist Drill Co. will move their
Chicago branch to 9 North Jefferson St. In
their new location greatly improved facilities for
the prompt handling of their steadily increasing
business are afforded.

The Magnolia Metal Co., 113-115 Bank St..
New York, are erecting new offices and factory
at 223 St. Ambroise St., Montreal. The lactory
has been specially designed for their require-

ments and they expect to occupy it by May
1st.

The Canadian Laboratories, of which W. K.
McNeill, B.Sc, is manager, have removed their
offices from 37 Melinda St., to 24 Adelaide St.,
West, Toronto. Ores, fuels, alloys, cements, pig
iron, steel and other commercial products are
tested and analyzed by this company.

The following tenders for supplies of cast-iron
pipe have been accepted by the Toronto Board
ol Control : National Iron Works, 3-inch pipe,
$4.35 per length ; 4-inch pipe, $4.88 per length ;
6-inch pipe, $6.97 per length. Canada Foundry
Co., 8-inch pipe. $10.50 per length ; 10-inch pipe.
$14.80 per length ; 12-inch pipe. $19.85 per length.

R. A. Brown, for the past sixteen years asso-
ciated with the Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., at
Jersey City, known throughout the world as the
"Oriental Man," has severed his connection with
that house, and is now associated with the
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., of Trenton, New
Jersey. At the present time, Mr. Brown is on
his way to South Africa, and will make an ex-
tended trip covering all parts of the globe.

Smart-Turner Machine Co., 191 Barton St. E..
Hamilton, report the following recent orders for
pumps : Doolittle & Wilcox, Dundas ; Millers
Tanning & Extract Co., Millerton, N.B. ; Con-
tracts, Ltd., Bracebridge ; Algoma Lumber &
Chemical Co.. Parry Sound ; Edwin Crabtree &
Sons, Crabtree Mills, P.Q. ; I.C.R., Moncton,
N.B., Kent School, Toronto ; Blangas Co-
Montreal ; Slingsby Mfg. Co.. Brantford ; Great
Lakes Dredging Co.. Port Arthur ; Keenan
Woodenware Mfg. Co., Owen Sound ; and Waines
& Root Gas Co., Dunnville. Ont.

The Canada Forge Co.. Welland, are remodel-
ling their steel heating plant and have placed a
contract with the Standard Engineering Co-
Toronto, for the new furnaces, which will be
ixiuipped with type M American mechanical
stokers burning slack coal. Another contract re-
cently placed with the Standard Engineering Co.,
is a steel heating furnace for the Superior Steel
Co., Toronto. This latter is equipped with a
No. 5 type R American mechanical stoker. The
furnace will be used in connection with the new
process of making steel direct from iron.

The Simonds Mfg. Co.. of Fitchburg. Chicago
and Montreal, make announcement of the com-
pletion of plans for the erection of a new steel
mill at Lockport. N.Y., that will at once double
the capacity of their Chicago mill and before
long increase the first Lockport output. The
contracts call for completion of the building and
installation of machinery so that production will
begin by October 1. The initial investment will
be fully a quarter of a million dollars. In ad-
dition to the three plants and the new steel mill,
the Simonds Mfg. Co. has branch houBes at New
York, Portland, Ore., Seattle, Wash., New Or-
leans, San Francisco, Vancouver, B.C., St. John.
N.B., and London, England.

The Welland Canal.

The Toronto branch of the Canadian Manufac-
turers' Association and the Council of the Board
of Trade passed resolutions on April 14 urging
the deepening and improvement of the Welland
Canal. Copies of the resolutions will be forward-
ed to Sir Wilfrid Laurier and members of the
Ottawa Government.

C. N. R. Shops for Toronto.

D. D. Mann, vice-pres. C.N.R., says that the
C.N.R. shops will be built in Toronto. A re-
quest has been sent to the Toronto city council
for a fourteen foot right-of-way on the east bank
of the Don River, but no definite action has been
taken by the council.

Two Thousand Steel Box Cars.

The C.P.R. has just placed with the Dominion
Car and Foundry Company the second million-
dollar order this year for a thousand steel frame
80,000-tb. box cars. The cars covered by the or-
der placed at the beginning of the year are be-
ing turned out at the rate of 15 per day, repre-
senting a cost of about a thousand dollars apiece.

Side Head of the Verti-
cal Turret Lathe

A Big Factor in Reducing the Cost of

Production of Many Kinds of

Face Plate Work.

Pint Setting. Fint OpcrftU

Perhaps the greatest productive differ-
ence between modern and pre-modern
machine tools is the doubling up or
"tripling" up of cutting tools. One cut
at a time is no longer sufficient to get
competition-meeting results, and it was
the realization of this fact that led to
the designing of the Bullard Vertical
Turret Lathe.

Besides the main turret head this ma-
chine has a side head which enables the
operator to take simultaneous cuts on
various surfaces. It does not interfere
in any way with the operation of the
main head.

The illustration herewith shows a job
on which the Vertical Turret Lathe
made a new record of 90 min.

The piece is a 27^ in. piston on which
simultaneous cuts with the Side Head
cut 30 minutes from the best previous
time.

The Vertical Turret Lathe has two
heads — a turret head and a side head—
which allow two or more tools to be
used at the same> time.

All the tools needed for a whole series
of operations are held in instant readi-
ness.

In a word the Vertical Turret Lathe
is a unique combination of the good
points, the advantages of the vertical
boring mill and the horizontal turret
lathe.

Its vertical construction allows many
a piece to be finished before it could be
chucked ready for work on a horizontal
turret lathe. For modern work — espec-
ially for duplicate pieces — the Bullard
Vertical Turret Lathe is an innovation.
It is a tool you must know about.

The entire sequence of operations on
the piece shown here and other pieces
is graphically illustrated in our new
catalog, which is free for the asking.
Send for catalog C-15.

The Bullard Machine Tool Co.

Bridgeport, Conn., U.S.A.

m

CANADIAN MACHINERY

60 Days'

An accident may liappeii
any day in your shop, but
often enough the damage
done may be minimised '
by the prompt application f
of suitable remedies. \

i

Free Trial!

Alike from the humane and
the' economic standpoint,
the employer of labor
serves his own interests
best if he keeps handy a
stock of remedies for any
emergency.

The Factory Emergency Cabinet

is designed to meet every requirement in rendering first aid, and to introduce it
into every shop in Canada we will send it on 60 days' free trial. If at the end of
that time you find you can do without it — send it back at our cost. If not, send
the price, $9.50, f.o.b. Toronto, duty paid. Write us to-day.

The

Accident
Cabinet Go.

Kalamazoo,
Mich., U.S.A.

*"?'*"■■

1

i

of

- 0

9

■."■■' c

■
' \ „''A 1

s

OfEN VIEW
Size, 23 1 18x35

OPEN VIEW— Showing ready reference chart
tells instantly what to use and how to use it.

JUST LOOK AT THIS

Improved Power Hack Saw

It is better made than any tool of a similar
nature you ever saw before. Only the best of
material is used in its construction, and your
particular attention is directed to the im-
proved arm and saw guide which keeps the
saw perfectly in line. This saw cuts either
round or square bars 6x6 in., and requires
no attention after the work is in the vise.

T 8TOP8 AUTOMATICALLY WHEN THE PIECE 18 CUT OFF
Send for Circular and Price

6UELPH, ONT.

D. MCKENZIE,

9 NOTTINGHAM
STREET

Hoth order* have to be completed- so that nil the
cars will be a\ailnb,<- for this year's harvest.

G.T.F. Shops, Winnipeg.

The extensive shops of the Grand Trunk Pacific
at Winnipeg are rapidly taking the form ol fin-
ished buildings. The roundhouse is already roof-
ed in and more than one half of the five thou-
sand tons of steel used in the construction oi
the shops has been riveted in place. There will
be thirteen separate buildings, eight departments,
eight buildings of steel construction and five
buildings of reinforced concrete. The shops and
grounds will cover 300 acres and there will be
seventeen acres of floor space in the thirteen
buildings. The main building alone will be 130
fc.t wide. 880 feet long and 47 feet high. These
shops will employ about 2,500 men to begin with,
which force will be increased to 5,000 as business
justifies. The work is expected to be completed
by the end of this year.

Edgar Allen Manganese Steel Co.

To meet the constantly increasing demand in
America for their Stag brand manganese steel
products and particularly for railroad frogs and
crossings, Edgar Allen & Co.. Ltd., of imperial
Steel Works, Sheffield, England, are at present
engaged in the erection and equipment of an up-
to-date and very extensive plant at Chicago, 111.,
lor the manufacture of their specialties. This
branch of their organization has just been incor-
porated at Springfield, 111., under the name of
Kdgar Allen Manganese Steel Co., with a capital
stock of $300,000. Edgar Allen & Co., Ltd..
maintain a sales office and warerooms at 330 St.
James St.. Montreal.

C.P.R. Fort William Shops to be En-
larged.

The C.P.R. machine shop, at Fort William, is
to be doubled in capacity. An addition of 128
feet by 70 feet is to be built to the present shop,
which when completed will make the machine
shops in Fort William the next largest on the
main line to those at Montreal. Winnipeg and
Vancouver. Tenders for this structure are now
being called for, and the award is expected to
be made next week. With the enlarging of the
machine shops it has been made known that
Fort William is to be the headquarters of the
mechanical department between Winnipeg and
Chal^ river. This will mean that all repair
work to the locomotives between Chalk River
and Winnipeg will be made at the Fort. William
shops. Already, it is said that $70,000 worth of
machinery has been ordered for the new shops
and that it will be shipped when the building is
completed. In ordtr to carry on the work In the
new shops it will be necessary to increase the
staff.

Wealth of Canada's Mines.

The mineral output of Canada last year was
$90,000,000, an increase of 50 per cent, over that
of five years ago, and five times that of fifteen
years ago.

The value of the mineral output of the Pro-
vince of Ontario at present is about $40,000,000.
or one-third of that of the whole Dominion.
This is four times what it was ten years ago.

WE MANUFACTURE

Power and Steam Pumps,
Condensers, Travelling
Cranes,
Etc.

Write for
new catalog

The SMART-TURNER
MACHINE COMPANY, Limited

HAMILTON, - ONT.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

GO

The railway development of Canada has in the
past made known vast areas of mineral wealth,
and will no doubt lead to the discovery of still
greater deposits, especially in the region around
Hudson's Bay.

Canada has sixteen hundred miles of Rocky
Mountains, and the same range in Mexico and
the United States produces about three million
dollars' worth of precious metals to the mile-.

Quebec's Progress.

With the many vast enterprises that are to be
MMeved in Quebec within the next five years,
this city is about to enter on an era of progress
that will considerably change the face of things
and turn the ancient Capital into one of the
most progressive and busy cities in the Do-
minion.

A brief estimate of the work to be done shows
that no less than thirty-six millions and a half
will be spent in Quebec during the- next five
years, and a detailed examination shows the cost
of the various works as follows :

Quebec bridge and approaches,$10,000.000.

Dry dock and ship-building yards, ?5.000,000.

Grand Trunk Pacific terminals. J3.000.000.

Quebec and Sagucnay Ry., $2,000,000.

Q.R.L. and P. Co.'s improvements. $1,500,000.

Customs house and other Government public
buildings. $1,000,000.

Harbor improvements. including extension
Louise Dock, etc., $2,000,000.

Canadian Pacific Hotel and station extension,
j.1,500.000.

Four thousand new houses at an average cost
of $2,000 each, $8,000,000.

Civic improvements in Limoileu, etc., including
two bridges over the St. Charles River, $500,000.

Battlefields Commission, $1,000,000.

'Orillia, Ont., Prosperous.

The E. Long Co. are constructing a $50,000
machine plant.

Tho Dominion Government will construct an
.rmory this summer on the Agricultural grounds.

T. A. Main will construct a large now block
containing three store on the main street, cost-
ing $20,000.

Mayor Goffatt has been informed by Mr. An-
drew Carnegie that a grant of $13,500 has been
made for the purpose of constructing a free pub-
lic library for Orillia. Tenders for this work
will be asked for.

The Roman Catholic congregation will com-
mence building next week a new $50,000 church.
The Methodist and Presbyterian congregations
are also commencing next week to build Sunday
Schools costing about $30,000 each.

The Tudhope Carriage Co. are constructing a
large automobile factory. They will manufacture
the American Everett machine ; every part will
be manufactured under one roof. This will
mean a big opening for high class mechanics.

The town is installing, through Engineer Willis
Chipman, of Toronto, a modern sewerage plant,
and will commence this summer to reconstruct
the waterworks system. It will mean about
$150,000 expended on this work.

J. B. Tudhope, president of the Carriage Fac-
tories. Ltd., has made a request for about 75
houses to be constructed during the summer, to
take care of the large number of mechanics that
they will have to bring in to work in their new
automobile plant. This work will be taken care
of by a number of builders of the town.

The contract for the construction of the Orillia
to Coldwater section of the C.P.R. will be let
shortly. The C.N.R. will use these tracks into
Orillia from Atherley, entering the Union Sta-
tion with the C.P.R. at the foot of Mississaga
street, in the heart of the business section of
the town. The building of the bridges over the
Narrows at Atherley, and construction through-
out the town, including yards and station, will
amount to about $500,000, all which is to be
completed by November.

CATALOGUES.

NOTES ON HIGH SPEED STEEL, SAWS.
DRILLS, ETC.— Is the title of a compact little
booklet being distributed by Alex. Glbb, Mont-
real. While particularly referring to Beardshaws
"Conqueror" brand steels it carries several in-
teresting pages on "The Treatment of Ordinary
Crucible Steels." Hints and suggestions are
given pertaining to forging and heating for or-
dinary tool steel ; hardening of ordinary carbon
steels : tempering steels. Those who aro already
using "Conqueror" steel will find this a handy
little booklet and those using other brands will
be materially helped by having one available. A
copy will be sent for the asking.

BAILEY FURNACE.— A neat catalogue issued
by Geo. J. Hogan. 401 Peoples Bank Bldg..
Pittsburg, Pa., describes the Bailey combination
sheet and pair furnace. Illustrations show the
furnace equipped with American automatic Un-
derfeed Stokers and the Stoker Attachment is
fully described.

TAPS. DIES AND REAMERS.— Butterfield &
Co.. Rock Island. P. Q., manufacturers of taps,
stocks, dies, screw plates, reamers, etc., have is-
sueh a 1910 catalogue of 90 pages, 6" x 9", on
coated paper, illustrating and describing their
lines. The different standard threads are shown
including the U.S.. International and French,
sharp V. Whitworth and Acme, Recce's and Derby
Screw Plates in all sizes, for all classes of
work including automobile repair work are
shown. Machinists, blacksmiths' hand taps, etc.,
are described and pipe cutters, vises and special
reamers are also included in the catalogue.
Tables of prices are given, the catalogue being a
useful and handy book of reference.

VERTICAL TURRET LATHE.— Pamphlet V-16
describes the vertical turret lathe manufactured
by the Bullard Machine Tool Co.. Bridgeport,
Conn., for machining automobile and gas engine
parts.

Special Subscription Offer With

The Financial Post

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paper of Canada.

The Investor's Library:

The Investor's Primer . . $1.00

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FOR SAMPLE COPY ADDRESS

The Financial Post ■ Toronto

Watch this Space

YOU will be interested
to know what we shall
have to tell you about
good FORGINGS and
their uses.

Canada Forge Co.

Welland - - Ontario

7o

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Machinery Wanted and For Sale

RATES

One insertion— 25c. tor 20 words ; lc. a word for each
additional word.

Yearly rate -$2.50 for twenty words or less, 10c.
word for each additional word.

The above does not apply to notices under the head
of "Machinery Wanted." These notices are inserted free
for subscribers.

BELTING. PACKING, ETC.

BELTING, RUBBER, CANVAS AND LEATHER,
Hose Packing, Blacksmith's and Mill Supplies at
lowest price. N. Smith, 138 York Street,
Toronto. (2tf)

MANUFACTURING CENTRES.

MISCELLANEOUS.

MISCELLANEOUS.

FREE FACTORY SITES — Seven railroads, deep
water, Niagara power, natural gas, low taxation,
abundant labor. Welland, Ontario. B. J. Mc-
Cormick. <12y)

RUBBER STAMPS. ETC.

B CAIRNS, MANUFACTURER OF RUBBER
. stamps, stencils, steel stamps, burning brands.
77-79 Queen Street East, Toronto, Ont. (tf)

MACHINERY FOR SALE.

BARGAINS— One 34-in. Plain Oesterlein Milling
Machine, new, One I4-in. x 6-ft. Porter Lathe
with chuck and complete attachments, first-class
order; One H.P. Gas Gas Engine with complete
attachments, first-class order. Kellogg & Co., 196
King St. West, Toronto,

MARINE GASOLINE MOTORS of unexcelled
quality ; iunp apark type; two to eighteen horse-
power; pleased to show our motors; send for
new catalogue. Midland Engine Works Company,
Midland, Ont. (1-11)

3 j / H. P. Gas Engine, complete with accessories,
/2 in first-class order. Kellogg & Co., 196 King
St. West, Toronto.

FOR SALE— 1 Gurney Scale Co. Foundryman's
Testing Machine, with deflection indicator. Good
as new. Standard Ideal Co., Port Hope.

FOR SALE— A complete set of patterns and equip-
ment for the manufacture of an improved line of
iron tovs, such as trains, hose carts, hook and
ladders, engines, pistols, banks, stoves, etc. An es-
tablished demand for this particular line of toys.
Everything necessary for the successful manufacturing
of same. Very fine proposition for anyone Interested.
Reason for discontinuing manufacture lack of factory
room on account of heavy lines of other materials.
Address Box 107, CANADIAN MACHINERY, To-
ronto.

0

MACHINERY WANTED.

NE PRESS, foot power preferred. Alao H or 'A
h.p. alt. current motor, 104 volt, 60 cycle. E. D.
Smith, Magog, Que.

SHOP AGENT WANTED.

WE want an agent in every machine shop in Canada
where fifteen or more men are employed, to take
subscriptions to this Journal. Subscriptions are
easily obtained and thi* work can be carried on by giving*
a few minutes to it in the noon hour. Liberal commis-
sions allowed both for new subscriptions and for renew-
als. Write for terms. Agents' Dept. CANADIAN
MACHINERY. 10 Front St. East. Toronto.

FIRE PROOF SAFES, VAULTS, ETC.

YOU need the best possible protection from fire! If
your valuab'es are In one of our safes you can
rest at ease; no f!r; is too hot for our safes and
vaults to withstand. We m tnufacture vaults and safes
to m:et every nosslble requirement. Write for cats
logut "S." The Goldle & McCulloch Co., Ltd.,
G»lt, Om. (tf)

COPELAND-CHATTERSON SYSTEMS — Short,
simple. Adapted to all classes of business.
Copeland-Chatterson-Crain, Ltd., Toronto and
Ottawa. <tfi

DOUBLE YOUR FLOOR SPACE. An Otis-Fensom
hand-power elevator will double your floor space,
enable you to use that upper floor either as stock
room or as extra selling space, at the same time in-
creasing space on your ground floor. Costs only $70.
Write for catalogue M B." The Otis-Fensom Elevator
Co., Traders Bank Building, Toronto. (tf)

ELIMINATE fire risk, save insurance, reduce main-
tenance costs and save money on your actual build-
ing work by using the Kahn System of Fireproof
Construction. Used in many of the largest business
premises on this continent. Write for catalogue.
Trussed Concrete Steel Companyof Canada, Limited,
Walker Rd., Walkerville, Ont. (tf)

ELLIOTT-FISHER STANDARD WRITING-ADD-
ING MACHINES make toil eisler. Elliot-
Fisher, Limited, Room 314, Stair Building,
Toronto.

ERRORS AVOIDED-LABOR SAVED-Using the
Shouperlor Autographic Register. Three copies
issued at one writing. 1st, Invoice; 2nd, delivery
ticket; 3rd. charge sheet, perforated for filing. No
handling of carbons. High grade printing and neat
Invoices. Make full inquiry. Autographic Register
Co., 191-193-195 Dorchester St- East, Montreal.

FASHION DECREES. Holland Linen correspon-
dence stationery correct in style. Its beautiful
writing service most attractive. Envelopes to
match. Fashionable sizes and colors. Visitingcards,
Invitation and At- Home cabinets and writing tablets.
Ask your stationer. W. J. Gage & Co. Ltd., Toronto.

FIRE INSURANCE. INSURE IN THE HART-
FORD. Agencies everywhere in Canada, (tf)

FREE TEST. Prove our claim that "Klear Copy"
Carbon gives the btst, clearest,unsmudged opies
of all typed matter at our expense. Send for
sample package "K" free. Peerless Carbon & Ribbon
Mfg. Co. of Canada, Limited, 180 Richmond West,
Toronto.

GET THE 'BUSINESS. Increase your sales. Use
Multigraph Typewritten letters. The Multigraph
does absolutely every form of printing. Saves you
25 p.c. to 75 p.c. of your printing bill. Multigraph
your office forms, letterheads, circular letters. Write
us. American Multigraph Sales Co., Ltd., 129 Bay
St., Toronto.

MODERN FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION-Our
system of reinforced concrete work, as success-
fully used in many of Canada's largest build-
ings, gives better results at lower cost. "A strong
statement," you will say. Write us and let us prove
our claims. That's fair. Leach Concrete Co., Ltd.,
100 King St. West, Toronto. (tf)

MR BUSINESS MAN, are you progressive? It's
up to you to test "Consolidated," our new pro-
cess carbon paper. Because it costs less. Soft
finish, without smutting, and clear, permanent copies.
Write for sample sheets and prices. "Consolidated,"
Stratford, Ont.

SAVE 50% OF THE COST OF HANDLING mer.
ohandise by installing a Beath System of Overhead
Carriers. Saves valuable floor space beoause the
trackage is on the ceiling. Systems for all kinds of
businesses, large or small. Write us for illustrated
catalog. W. D. Beath & Son, 193 Terauley Street,
Toronto. (tf)

SCOTCH PLAID STATIONERY is the latest cre-
ation for business and society correspondence.
Paper and envelopes present a finished linen
surface, most agreeable to the pen touch. Leading
sattloners have it. Write for samples. The Conp,
Clark Company, Ltd., Toronto. (tf)

SYSTEMS" stand for all that is best in loose-leaf
binders and supplies, letter-heads, statements
and in fact your office stationery of every des-
crmtion. Send us samples of what you are using — we
will send vou prices that will Interest you. Business
Systems, Limited, Manufacturing Stationers, Toronto.

(tf)

"THE "Kalamazoo" Loose Leaf Binder is the only
1 binder that will hold lust as many sheets as vou
actually require and no more. The back is flex-
ible, writing surface flat, alignment perfect. No
exposed metal parts or complicated mechanism. Write
for booklet. Warwick Bros. & Rutter, Ltd., King and
Spadlna, Toronto-

THE METAL REQUIRED in a Modern Concrete
Building. Our special facilities enable us to
produce at minimum cost Concrete Reinforce-
ments, Fenestra Steel Sash, Automatic Fire Shutters
and Steelcrete Metal Lath. Complete stock, quick
delivery. Before deciding write us for catalogue and
prices. Expanded Metal and FireprooMng Co., Ltd.,
Fraser Ave., Toronto. (tf)

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WAREHOUSE AND FACTORY HEATI>G SYS-
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Supplied by the trade throughout Canada, (if)
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Carried in stock by all up-to-date furniture
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VOu CAN DISPLAY YOUR GOODS TO BETTER
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BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY.

A PARTY holding a large interest in a well-estab-
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This Is a splendid opportunity and investment for any-
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CANADIAN MACHINERY, Toronto. (4)

MACHINISTS, ATTENTION!

M

ACHINIST'S TOOL-CASE FREE to one man In
every shop. Address, with stamp, O. BURCH,
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POSITIONS WANTED.

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FACTORY SALESMAN and business solicitor, tire-
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Address, Factory Salesman, Box 105, CANADIAN
MACHINERY, Toronto. (4)

PRACTICAL MACHINIST desires position as
* general foreman or superintendent- Good sys-
tematize^ with executive ahllitv. Can handle all
grades of labor. Box 106, CANADIAN MACHIN-
ERY.TToronto. (6)

The Details of a Modern Shop Management System

This System, used in Actual Practice, was Described before the National Metal
Trades Association, by Frederick A. Waldron, Consulting Engineer, New York.

By Frederick A. Waldron.

RODUCING consists of manufactur-

Ping and delivering a complete ar-
ticle of maximum quality in a pro-
fitable quantity with reasonable profit
at lowest cost and selling price.

The ideal organization for the manu-
facturer is to carry it all in his head-
money received in the left-hand pocket,
money to be paid out in the right-hand
pocket, pay in cash, then what is left
is the profit, plus or minus the mental
estimate of gain or loss from work in
process or stock. This method elim-
inates non-producers, clerks, selling
force, cost department, draftsmen, pro-
motion charges, high finance, etc. For-
tunately for the employed, a man's
capacity is limited and where his busi-
ness exceeds a certain amount it is
necessary for him to unload and organ-
ize to handle large problems. How can
this be done with maximum profit ?

The answer in part is the subject of
this paper.

I wish to discuss the phases and de-
tails of this problem, not as a mentor
to those assembled but to suggest what
can be done with many plants that are
running on the principle of 1885 or 1886
with a few fashionable so-called system
frills on the outside.

Principal Point in Shop Management

Having been asked by many of what
the principal point in shop management
consists, I was at a loss at first to find
an answer. After analyzing in detail
and by a process of elimination it boils
down to "knowing where you are at."
The organization and methods hereafter
described will tell you this with reas-
onable accuracy and expense and econ-
omic results :

The symbol method localizes expenditures.

The stock cards, stores or worked materials.

The time tickets, the efficiency of men and the
cost of labor and machine hours.

The payroll, the expense and classification of
labor.

The operation cards, sequence of work.

The instruction cards, how to do work and
what to do it with.

The route cards, location of work in shop and
a means of valuation of work in process.

Time study and operation analysis establish
basic conditions.

Functionalizing of duties, an increase of ma-
chine output.

Bonus for superintendent and foremen gives
co-operation.

Study rtf weakness in shop organiza-
tion and methods develops an astonish-
ing lack of basic detail and truth, with
a desire to play to the galleries, local
and shop politics, on the part of many

who desire to hold their jobs, combined
with the following :

A. Incapacity for those in charge to give
clear and explicit orders and instruct those un-
der them.

B. Corresponding lack in those receiving or-
ders to carry them out, spending more energy
and time in thinking of some other way to do
the work than doing it.

0. Too many minds for the orders to filter
through before reaching the man behind the
lathe.

D. Disregard of promises of completion of
work in shop and the shipment of the same.

E. Lack of conception of the meaning of the
words "thorough" and "complete."

F. Trying on of new ideas without knowing
how to make them fit.

G. Patent medicine ideas of new systems,
such as high prices, cost systems, Doolittle time
system, P.T's. premium system, etc.

H. Expecting too much from managers, super-
intendents, and foremen and getting too little.

1. Humanity on the part of managers, super-
intendents and foremen in holding on to the job
and protecting themselves. "Self-preservation is
the first law of nature."

J. Lack of specific knowledge of capacity of
speeds and feeds of machines by men and fore-
men.

SHOP MANAGEMENT SYS-
TEM.

The article by Mr. Waldrcn
gives a clear statement of
what a modern shop system
should and should not be. The
value of machine hours is
pointed out and illustrations
are given.

The importance of routing
the work through the shops
is shown in a way that must
impress the reader. Routing
the work is more remunera-
tive than a hap-hazard way of
getting the work through the
shops.

K. Lack of detail, instructions and systematic
methods of seeing them carried out.

L. No system of routing work through shop.

M. Extravagant and injudicious advertising.

N. Jealousy.

0. Lack of team work.

P. Too much brain work in proportion to
hand work.

Q. Too much unused and useless information.

R. Overcultivation of the inventive mind in
proportion to capital invested.

S. No method for the training of the work-
men.

From observation and experience cov-
ering a number of years has been evolv-
ed a method of organization for indus-
trial work which, while it is not per-
fect, has shown such improvement in
results over the regulation methods
that I believe its description would be

of interest to you. There is nothing
new in it, except the results, other than
the co-ordinating of the best obtainable
into an elastic organization which ob-
tains the most direct results with the
minimum number of forms and red
tape. Thus is increased the efficiency
not only of the hands, but the brains
of an organization by making the brain
work more complete and thorough and
compelling the machines to work harder
and more constantly, thereby cutting
down the time elapsing between the re-
ceiving of an order and shipping of the
goods, which will necessarily reduce the
value of the work in process and in-
crease the volume of output. The time
which work is operated upon is often-
times less than one-half the time that
the work lies round the shop.

Data Needed for Shaping a Policy.

To gauge the management of a fac-
tory intelligently the following informa-
tion is necessary :

X. Capital invested.

2. Productive and betterment labor.

3. Productive and betterment materials.

4. Expense, aU kinds.

5. Average annual business, past.

6. Average annual business, estimates for
future.

These facts are necessary as a guide
for the most efficient policy to follow
in shop management. The successful
manager must know them to guide him
in his work. The factory should then
have the divisions as called for later
and and each should have apportioned
to it, as nearly as possible, the expense
burden it has to carry ; next an esti-
mate or record of the amount of pro-
ductive labor and materials used in
these groups or sections of the divi-
sions. We now have data on which
to shape the policy for the first year
and will proceed to apply the following:

1. Functionalizing duties.

2. Forming an Advisory Committee.
?.. Control of expenditures.

4. Time study for piece rates.

5. Distribution of information.

G. Determination of premium or bonus.

7. Machine hours.

8. Routing.

a. Operation lists, stores and worked
material cards.

b. Production orders.

c. Standing orders.

d. Instruction card and drawings.

e. Requisition on stores.

f. Time card, clocks, and production de-
partment.

g. Inspection ticket,
h. Move orders.

i. Route card or schedule of work.

9. Payroll.

M

CANADIAN MACHINERY

10. Analysis sheet.

11. Accounting.

a. Symbol sheet.

b. Proper use ol symbol sheet with anal-
ysis sheet, time tickets and requisitions.

12. Costs.

13. Tiokler.

14. Bonus system for superintendents and fore-

men.

15. Decision as to whether goods are to be

made on special order or from stock.

Nos. 1, 4, 6, 7 and 10 are the vital
points of this type of organization, and
concentration on these will develop the
necessity of the others and show gain
even if carried out in a somewhat crude
and amateur manner. Time will per-
mit me to talk on these points only.

The essential difference in this type
of organization from the ordinary type
is the arrangement of duties and the
dividing of the technical and mechani-
cal work from the business or hustling
end of the factory more definitely than
is usually done.

All designing of product and tools,
issuing of lists of machines on which
the work is to be done, etc., are the
function of the engineering division,
while the chief of the producing division
pushes it along the different lines by
means of the routing system, and looks
ahead, anticipating where the work is
to be done and that all is ready to do
with at the proper time. This insures
greater rapidity in the work passing
through the shop.

Importance of a Routing System.

My observations in this have shown
that a well arranged method for rout-
ing work through the factory with
duties properly functionalized increases
its productive efficiency more than any
premium, piece rate or bonus system,
and, given the choice of only one, I
should take a logical and consistent
routing system to any of the others.

Take two factories exactly alike with
an oversold product — one with a good
piece rate or bonus system and a
happy-go-lucky routing system, the
other with a day work system and a
first-class routing system— there is no
question in my mind as to the latter
showing a greater profit than the for-
mer, while a combination of the two
will show results far beyond the most
sanguine expectations. A good routing
system automatically results in the
following :

1. Gives basic cost information.

2. Locates a fall-down in output at once.

3. Locates all work and its conditions.

4. Relieves chiefs of divisions of "still hunts."

5. Compels chief and assistants to "watch

out."

6. Records machine hours.

7. Insures accurate time charges.

8. Insures accurate account charges.

9. Shows up delays and their causes at once.

10. Shows work ahead for each machine and

allows for rearrangement and redistri-
bution.

11. Allows of most minute cost analysis if

required ; and if not, no unnecessary ex-
pense is insured for useless information.

12. Compels closer attention to details all

along the line.

13. Reduces amount of wasted energy and

materials.

In conjunction with the above a
tickler system is most important, and
a shop can be run on this system alone
better than on no system at all.

The tickler form is a 4 x 6 in. slip of
paper or card, provided with a blank
space for the name of the party to
whom it is to be delivered, with thb
subject and remarks. Below is a ruled
space for dates on which the card is to
be returned to the party whose name is
on it. These cards are collected at
night from a receptacle provided at
desks and distributed in a filing cabinet
by date ; early the next morning all
cards in folios of that date are taken
out and distributed by a boy to those
whose names appear on the card. This
system is flexible and memoranda can
be sent up and down the line. When
once used, it becomes an indispensable
adjunct to the factory.

Machine Hours.

The value of an accurate record of
machine hours for computing co9ts ap-
proaches more accurately the ideal than

ESTIMATE * DATA SHEET

U Toul Bales >i

! Labor MUs i Ex. i Prof, i

Method to Determine
Bonus and Premiums.

Fio.l

M JTotAl Sales-lna W£

' Labor=l Mtls-1 J Ex. i E1

^l«bor-2-^J-".l{V^Ex,.

k-Labor-l Mtl =

Labor =1
-Mils =5"

To increase Front Mf
Labor can be Increased

I 33J4H

or expense W*\

To Increase ProfU.M*'
Labor can be Increased

or expense 80*.

iTo Increase Profit 60?

Labor can only be

Increased Is*"

or expense GO?.

To Increase Profit 50*
Labor can be Increased
100*.

any other method, and is of far more
importance to the factory than is gen-
erally admitted or recognized. A ma-
chine, bench or vise should carry with
it its exact proportion of the overhead
expenses, and it is much more impor-
tant that these overhead charges should
be distributed by the machine hours
than charged as an aggregate per cent,
to the item of labor. This is especially
true where a factory operates a large
variety ctf machines of extremely low
and high valuations.

Illustration : A machine costing $10,-
000 would have an annual overhead
charge against it for depreciation,
rental, power, etc., of $1,500, based on
3,000 hours a year, or 50 cents per
hour. This would be as much if not
more than the hourly rate paid the man

who runs it. If the machine was run
1,500 machine hours, the hourly charge
would be $1.04, or double the man's
time.

The universal practice of adding a
certain percentage to flat labor costs
for overhead charges handicaps the ac-
tual cost of the work on smaller ma-
chines and at times causes the manu-
facturer to discontinue making an arti-
cle which shows no profit on account of
its having to carry the burden of the
work done on a heavier machine. The
machine hour, therefore, is a very logical
method for distributing the overhead
factory charges.

Another advantage c£ the record of
machine hours is the check on foremen
or superintendents applying for addi-
tional machinery when it is really ad-
ditional tools that are needed or a
reasonable method of maintaining the
tools and machinery which he already
has.

The machine hours are a better crit-
erion of the efficiency of production than
any records of the man's time. It is
the machine through which the work
must pass and the more constantly
this machine is operated in turning out
work the greater the volume of output
becomes. It is therefore important that
in the selection of the machines they
should be selected with a regard to the
interchangeability of tools and fixtures.
It is much better to spend a few dol-
lars for tools and repairs than a larger
amount for machinery.

There are many level-minded business
men who will spend any amount of
time and money for correct methods of
bookkeeping involving a bank balance
of a few thousand, and yet will abso-
lutely refuse to allow a factory to use
sufficient clerical help whereby the
means and methods of handling invest-
ments amounting to many thousand
dollars can be increased in earning
power. I cannot blame them, however,
as the method of obtaining, recording
and compiling manufacturing data is an
expensive luxury, especially when such
data is very old or cold when it reaches
the eyes it was intended for. I have
some rolls of paper collecting dust that
have never been looked at that must
have cost hundreds, yes, thousands, of
dollars to compile. What is required is
information on the spot that costs lit-
tle to obtain and can be readily filed
and compiled when required.

If basic conditions as to work in the
shop are right and information as to
fall-down in production is caught first
hand and corrected at once, the bank
balance will take care of itself.

Determination of Bonus for Workmen.

The amount of premium or bonus to
be paid a workman depends on the
following :

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Ratio of labor to material, expenses,
selling price.

After assuming the amount of annual
increase in business that is warranted
by the condition of the market and
comparing this with the producing ca-
pacity of the plant, it can then be de-
termined from the relation of these two
or to the advisability of offering addi-
tional reward to labor for increased
effort. If the plant is oversold there is
no question, and the amount it
is oversold will form a guide for
the initial calculation. Of course
additional business turned out in a
given time at the same price for labor
and material will give you an increased
profit, and from this increased profit it
is to be decided what proportion can
be divided between the expense and the
additional rewarding of labor. Time
study will then determine the basic con-
dition in your factory and the above
will serve as a guide as to how far you
can afford to go. These data will also
show what proportion you can afford
to give to your superintendents and
foremen as an additional reward for
closer co-operation.

The accomkanying diagram shows
graphically the application of the above,
which can be modified to suit different
conditions.

Divisions and Their Chiefs.
Manufacturing can be grouped into the
following general divisions, all of these
functions entering into the manufacture
of even the simplest article :

1 . Engineering.

2. Producing.

3. Inspecting.

4. Accounting.

5. Maintenance.

Full authority should centre on a
works manager, who should be an offi-
cial of the company. Competent chiefs
should be selected for each division in
cases where they will have plenty to
do. If the shop is small and the pro-
duct simple there can be a combination
of any number or all divisions under
one man. It is a very small business,
however, that can afford to do too
much loading up of division chiefs. The
specific duties of each should then be
clear and detailed.

The organization and duties being
outlined, letters of instructions, are is-
sued and forwarded to those interested,
so that each division may be kept in
touch as to what is required of them
and also that which is taking place in
other divisions.

Where new products, fixtures, plant
expenses or other special expenditures
are required a letter of authorization is
issued by the works manager to the
chiefs of the divisions giving the infor-
mation required.

An advisory committee composed of
division chiefs should be organized and

33

should meet at the option of the works
manager to discuss matters relating to
shop operation.

Engineering Division.
An engineering division in this type
of organization is of paramount impor-
tance, and should have at its head an
able and practical engineer of excellent
executive ability and broad mechanical
experience. Upon the competency of
this man depends the methods of manu-
facturing and arranging of machinery,
for the following reasons :

With a thoroughly organized engineer-
ing department, manufacturing can be
carried on by grouping of machine tools
of a similar character. On the other
hand, if there is no engineering depart-
ment, or the engineer is incompetent
manufacturing must be done by group
methods by a variable class of machine
tools, wh.ch involves a large original
investment and duplicate of machinery
in a plant and a man above the average
ability and experience in charge of each
group. Such men as will attain to the
highest efficiency are hard to find and
the volume and quality of output can-
not be obtained by this method that
can be obtained by the grouping of
similar tools with proper inspection
It will thus be seen that the entire
economical problem of manufacture is
primarily dependent on the chief of the
engineering division.

Producing Division.
In this type of organization the chief
of the producing division is not called
upon to exercise any great ingenuity or
skill on mechanical matters or detail
methods of operation. These are sup-
plied in the form of specific information
by the engineering division.

The manufacturing or producing of an
article commercially should not call for
change of methods and operations every
fifteen minutes. It should be the econ-
omical effort to turn the work out un-
der constant pressure, a certain value
for each day for every day in the year.

The instructions from the engineering
department as to the routing of work
the tools to be used, the limits or tol-
eration which are to be worked and the
drawings for the work should be placed
at the disposal of the chief of the pro-
ducing division, his duty being to see
that all hands and machines are work-
ing at the highest efficiency and every
machine that is possible is l;e>t runn-
ing the maximum number of hours pro-
ducing work. He should also see that
there is as little delay as possible be-"
tween one set of operations and the
next.

The chief of the producing division,
therefore, comes next in importance to
the chief of the engineering division. On
the latter depends the accuracy of the
instructions to the chief of the produc-
ing division, or the path the

work has to follow, and to the
former the speed with which these
instructions are carried out. In
other words, the chief of the producing
division should be a hustler rather than
a fine mechanic or engineer.

Inspection Division.
The most sensitive and delicate divi-
sion in this type of organization is the
inspection division, and its chief should
be a diplomat and at the same time a
man with sufficient firmness in his
make-up to stand back of decisions
which are made under his jurisdiction.
He should be able to say "No" in such
a way that it will not antagonize the
entire organization.

Instructions as to inspection, gauge*
and fixtures for testing work are given
to this division by the chief of the en-
gineering divsion, and the chief of the
inspection division has to see that they
are lived up to. All troubles occurring
in the making or assembling of the
work are referred to the chief of the in-
spection division, who decides as to the
quality of the work, and in case of ser-
ious trouble takes the matter up with
the engineering division, where it is rec-
tified, not only in itself, but also where
it may relate to the other parts of the
mechanism.

This division has entire jurisdiction
over the inspection of all raw mater-
ials, work in process, finished stock or
materials, and tools, jigs and fixtures.

Where machine operations are many
and particular, as to limits and finish
traveling inspectors should be placed in
the factory, who pass on these opera-
tions before the machine foremen are
allowed to proceed with the machining
of any number of parts on any opera-
tion ; also checks speeds and feeds of
machines. These inspectors save from
three to five times their salaries in a
year by bringing up the standard of
work, saving of material costs, to-
gether with accumulative profits from
increased output of acceptable parts.

They are of great assistance to the
chief of the producing division and to
the forema-n, as well as increasing the
volume of output by preventing extend-
ed operations on bad work.

On this division depends largely the
smoothness with which the work passes
through the shop and its cost, together
with the grouping of work in assembl-
ing room ready for quick and accurate
assembling. You will note that the
operation of this division is dependent
upon the judgment of the chief of the
engineering division for the accuracy
with which tolerations are determined
and instructions given as to the quality
and finish of work.

Maintenance Division.
The chief of the maintenance division,
where the factory is large, should be a

I \ \ \ P ! \ \ MACHINERY

>o iiioehaino, Willi i I'' i
onahle amount of leoluti.al i'.Iu. .ilioil
Manx ol I In1 laiver oomviit* oiitpl.
|„s|, this

division, which furnishes plans Mid

Uoat loi now buildings Mid c>|iiip
mom and handles the work ol M»* «»
siiuctiou M well as maintenance Manx

inm* oonaidoi tin- ooonomicol Tin

KOi. howexoi. I* >>( tlio opinion llx.it
tho piaitioc adopted b\ llio textile M
A* ol tins count r\ in few
| ,4" thou construction and oniric-

vxolk dollO b\ Olllsldo p.ltllOs. loa\

t ho totitino woik ol tM muintoit

to DM ol I.Hi evoontixo ability . i-

much MOM nooftomionj l* tin lone sin

than 10 have plans and tponilbaatloiM

lot buildings and Unit ooiupntont pW

pared >>\ IMmootot

Whole (ho orgOMSOUon i> it -I Uug«
,M t|,o duties el tlto olitol ol I ho maul
(HUM division MO m»t siillix-toil to
koop him hilly occupied this division i«

eentbiMd with tM orodiwlN dfrMon or

the em; i novum; division, pietoiahly (ho

latter.

Accounting Division.

Tito chief ol the account in* division

should to ■ bmi woll named in Mm

ptutotptos v>( bookkOOpitlg, ;> »n»x>l
analyst ;>»<! with enough tanuliatiiy
with NAB methods to pi event '
tooled entirely, by I'ttnio- rt« should bo
■od disciplinarian,
and insist upon h» subordinates main

tonus toooiii (>v >' '

With these methods a latye part Ol
the maintaining ol iveord* is autxxm.-i
l to. ami a general snpoi a total v>< the
v ol (ho figures »t\d thou prompt
posting by his subordinates MX parti
eular xiualtlioattons In addition to the
t%, ho should WOkOh tho \aluo ol

>k on hand, notifying (ho piopor
pan oammmm) * or*

approached ami sec th.it QCtOtO a:.-

toroi oi QMMnkd a>- ooadftkM t^uitw

Tho (MlnMllH ftUt H (»o BUM ol

(va«<»«tt(t»\j: to tho ohtot v>( tho OIoAm
iwjt »lt\tMv>« ami ht» fv>»v»«on Jotails

Atwl I\M
•to., 1)0 b* «"»l , n^\>Is and (Mil
mikdtiB«» and otint ttfttaMftlsM whioh
wicht b« twtti«o«\t to th<> MWMMkn>l
and MMUMto fcltjdWuUoi v>< (ho \witi..

: ton
and MNtwww Wdnt ol OfM%tiM) »^n

i)m> dannat m»i itooM W kt

roAK>sl ^>> vi-.at n ou to nnkttd t* a

I tn oha«>iv o( tho o»\«»t\»v«S«K di\i
>ti oh.a»**» at\> and« in tho
o«^ o( o|>oi*lio«< thovo oatxl* atv
takon ont and ftlMtd t« ttntt
tlor '.(ilXK Its

(iwo a ohaw«v in ntad*v

\ v on hand in

m ioawM V* taVon and (
(o«^*ii to oat\l>
TVr* »n««M h<> mpotfcU «ild{| lur
t>« Mid wvi Ited ntatonaU. By «tot«s

;t:o nn\tnl all Unishod ■•: t.iw nt.ttoi i.iU
ko|>l in stook on whuh no wotk ha>

toon inrturtued bj Un htototy, \itoi
tho i>i< ■> o-. fin tho ttofM li.n<v boon is
siiod aitvl work il«Mto upon thorn in (ho
tootot) tin) aio lotumoil to llio ttOtO
loom as "worM nialoials ami LlttWd
t(i tho assomhlini; roOtt tot lMBbW|
into Itnal UMdttOl R«Q.ui«ltiOM RH
WOtkod ntatoiials aio not OfttOtOd on
analysis slnvt whon tssnoil lot sanio

sxinhoi oumbon oadoc naiok taoj Mfo

mannta> tin oil,

Routine.
I oan i'osu.\o!> itoto Ul»l tho loca-
tion ol o\or> mooo ot w>»ik oovoriag

\,-l\W o|iota( tons m a>n\o oitonlation in
a i.i. a bo .loloitninoii without

liiuuinir aioiunl iho shof This is p
ttoall.x (ho hlook signal tyntOBI of tho

shoi>. in wluoh tho workman or work n

tho train ami tho olotk in tho i>t.»lin
tion ilo|>ar(iuon( is (ho tigtlk) ■

rito man's »>a\ is maiio tin on his
litno ootd, ami no mi
tiokot on a job until his own (imo t
is rotonnd MM) stamm\l. (ho now tiokot
botes stant|-oil \>u( at tho (imo tho old
is siampo.l in b] ;i Mook tVv'istotinjr
hours ami tontlts ol to

Tho time (tokot has tho lot t.
ami "N K.' OTOVidod on U. If a jol> is
not linislnsl at (ho end of the day, (ho
"K. orl ort and a now tiokot

mailo out for tho man, wbiob is >rtvon
to him tho MXl mominjr with (ho samo
ohatito s\m»>x>l unon •.: D
tho "\. K.' ed off. tnatoatiuir

(ha( (ho job n finish^), tho man in
tlbmt of tho \Mwluotion oonattmont
fetoOM b i- ;> blOt, MM) Wtoro

it jtiios to tho timo olot^, it is mi
off on tho mule eatil ami an onioi to
mo\o work to noM tnaohine is issued
lor l ho uo\t iM'ot-.itton.

M. not issm\l for or-

lions that run in sennenoe on ilirtiMvut
maoh-,m\s of tho samo prvur., I
atv isswwi. h>-" *. wner« >vork
B0ft«es f»\N»« DM «v\wi|> to anothov or to

tho moootoioa ami rtororoomo Im
of novo \M>lot^s will roiooi the oomtor

of mot ttsed for tfnotitVK in tho |M
M i>or eont,

Tho OM <x>nuisit«> for oftVciewt manairo
nxont is a simixlo and oxxmiiretonsixe M
OOOMmi -» i(s infor-

mation and ineviiensu*. to maintenance.
Kor this i»u»-<hvsi« all t ransaot ions oan
to captioned a* follows

-rxsai a«t low.
A. peawMWiK

A lkll^MUI.1.

^ HHinnMii.

There can he suKlix

dctaileii infonnation a* rovjuestod
cither l>\ s\\mWls or ohaivc numV
or K»tk.

Toe analysis sheet as used in this me
thod <* a combination ol a Uhvsc leaf
shoi> lcd««r and eost cani. TVom can

to lakon out toi an\ OM ol tho charyo
suuhols. aul hoi i/al ion nunihois QJ
othoi s|>ooial oiiloi uunihiis, |ho tlot.uls
BOntod tlioioou >liio>il\ tn>ni uyimsition.
ton ol |>a\toll. Thoso shoots .no
Una olosod in tho hnal )>i o.luot iv o
oounta.

Tho produotioo OOOOiml sheeta am
tod with salos. uuio.is,- m mvoii
lory and oU>so»l to moiit ami loss ahoat.

Tho hettorment aooount shoots are
oloaeil in to aTftOmi wcounts ami o.ipi
tal I ninod i a: aal

objotot.

law Efficiency of U»e Avorogo Machine
Shop.
Tho average oottun mill prodttooa fiom
.-nt. of its thootoi
•Boioooy, while the avoi.uo in.iohino
,shoi> seldom Ml pot ew

|iiv>i>or troiaing ami muoiomoti this

oan to broltCbl tt| s s oi eont.,

vol when I'l. 1'ierl \\ l.ivloi. dOOB ol
industrial on^inoM in>; . s.i\s that the
o.itput of Um to

doubled, tho satisfied oWMr Or managor
iois why tb« other fel not

take adVMlUCO ot it. never KtoOOiOg to
think (hat he mnsls it as muoh i( not
motv. This is not impossible. It is
possible ami probable , ami s.iuo of tho
illustrations will show that with exon
an ultitv oney ot 60 to 7* pvt

oeiit. tho outmit ol many nlants can be
doalbnd ovor what thoy oro wow i>iv>
iluoiug.

I do not think that the solo reason
for the ittcreose in tho out put i
the inttvduction ol the forms illust
ed. toe*'. '( a b«

wtth forms and not obtain the desireii
to. It roviuinvs intelligence U)
.so roo«irwa a persistent, un
tirins eoerRy and firmness on tho i
of tho management tv> too) an or*ani»a-
tion working together with them at tto
start.

Miiiti diplomacy and iiationcc hax>
to used in leaching thoso ot the
than the rank and ftlo to ado
eaonei and ayalomatic shv>p method*.
In no ease, havo wages toon redoeod, and
in e\wy ea*e the earning capacity
the men »>er day has toon iooroasod and
the total cost ol the product reduced.

The fundamental lyriucip
atv summarited in tho training of the
superintendent, foremen and workmen
iatic hatuts and oi»n\»nc*ng the
otnwais ot a company that a constant
and systematic endeawr to olassity and
funotionalite duties and route woik -
move renmnerativo than the continual
harassing of the overonrdenoi and otua-
times undorpoid shop manager or so-
l>iMintendent.

•.wi the ratio ot ootmroduv
helji to product i v» and gauge tho o»-
ciency «4 a factory by tto >raiu» ol i>«t-
pot pwr dollar ot total payroll.

The Power Required by Machine Tools to Remove Metal

Cutting Tools are Divided into three Classes Lathe Tool Type. Drills
*nd Milling Cutters, Calculators for these Classes ol Tool

Tin- power required to remove ii ct ,'

depends opoo Mm iki t in r o) Lha ottttiug

tool iimi the amouiii oi metal relieved

per minute Cutting tools may bd i]tv]d

c,l into three <_r«Mi.-t:i 1 rliisscs: (a> lalho
tool typo ; (10 drills , (c) milling tut

tCIS

Latho-Tool Typo.
The lathe tool is used on lathes, bt'l-
iiiH mills, planers, shapris and slo;lcr.v

Testa show tii.it the powi'i required b) a

tool oi tins kind when ramOVt'rig UIOUl
depends upon the Cutting angle of tlir
tool and tin' ntimhcr ol CUblO inches ,.i
metal removed per minute From oli
scrvalion and data ohtaiiied b) niraus oi

the graphic recording meter, and the use
oi tools haying a cutting angle ol ahoul
75 to bO degree*, tin- curve shown in
Pig, i was obtained Phe result! wave
Independent oi the cutting speed, teed

ami d*Bth of rut, and show that a di'i

mite relation exists between the horn

povvel required to renio\e metal and the

number of ouhic Inches removed pei

minute The eulne iiiehes oi metal re
moved per minute were found to lie as
follows :

(a> area ol eiit (square inchesl \ cut-

iOg speed (feel per minule) \ 12

(111 area ol' eut (square incho-l

= depth of eut (inehes) X

teed I inehes per revol
lllion.)

The It. p. required to remove metal

With the tools ordinarily employed ean

h ■ expressed by:

h p. a eonstanl \ enbie inehes re-
moved per minute.
Th.' conslnut varies with |h,. Kind ol'

meial removed!.

I" order lo estimate the amount of
power required lo remove a given amount
ol' metal per minute the graphic method
shown in churl 1 lias been designed.
Thi- diagram is a multiplication (able;
those familiar with analytical geometry
will recognise tb* equilateral hyperbola
Whose equation, referred to lis a-vtnp
loi'-. i- \ ] constant.

To determine the ontting speed (ha

ii-ual procedure is as follow-

Cutting speed (ft. per miii.)=a.
nX<!"i'iieler\t\p.in.

■ ■ s= eonstanl X

is

diameter \ r.pjn.
In the diagram each hyperbola eorm

ponds tO a given cut tin;,' speed. The I

ordinatea of all diameters and spindle
!- produeing the same -peed Inter

• -•' ,,;;-;-;.! -t American Swlrty ol 11^
sect ,.n th,, same hyperbola. The cut-

ting speed corresponding to any diam-
eter, rotation at any number of ravolu

(ions per minute, is found indicated on
the hyperbola passing through the in-
(ersecliou of the eo ordinate- correspond
Ulg lo the given values of diameter ami
revolutions per miiiule.

In a similar manner an area corres
ponding lo any depth of cut in ins. ami
Iced in inches is obtained, and also the
.•ubie inches of inelal removed per mill
ute can be determined from (he area ol'
eut and I lie cutting speed. The direc-
tions for osing the diagram are given in
connection with it.

With the Cutting tools ordinarily em
ployed the following values have been
found by tests to exist for the h.p.
required lo remove 1 eubie ineh of the
following melals. per minute:
Toa— and similar alloys.... 0.2 to 0.9

Cast iron o.:; to it.;,

Mild steel (0.:i()'(-0.tO'i car-
bon 1 0.(5

vYrOttghl iron

Hard Sieel (0..">0''( earbon) . . 1.00 to 1.2.')
Very hard lire sleel I ,0

It iniisi ii,. remembered thai these eon-
slants represent genera] average eondl

lions; considerable variation may occur
where special cutting tools are used ami
special grades of metal are encountered.

Lathes.

The following examples will explain
the application of chart I lo lathe work:

• imple: Diameter ^( work ;>.;. in.;

spindle speed l,"> revolutions )>er niin-

ule; depth of em 0.46 in.; feed per

revolution ■ 0.00 in.

Kind the intersection of |he horizontal
line through ,"..,". inches diameter of work,
ami the vertical line through ■!■"> revolu
tions per minute spindle speed. The
onrves passing' nearest this intersection

correspond to a cutting speed of OS and

tiS feci per minute, indicating by inter-
polation a Cutting speed in this ease of
68 feet per minute. The area of eut.
with depth of cut 0.48 ineh and feed
O.OO inch in 0.027 square inch. Th,'
CUbifl inches of inelal removed per miii-
ule. corresponding to an area of cut
0.027 square inch and a Witting speed of .
60 feel per minute, is determined by tiud-
Ihe intersection of (he horizontal line
passing through 0.027 square inch area
of eut and ti."> feel per minute. This in
I resection is hetween the curves corres
ponding lo 10.2 and 21.0 cubic inches,
Showing that about 20 cubic inches of
metal are removed per minute. If (he
metal removed is wrought iron, the I,

ools.

p. required is 0.(i\20 12 h.p. If 0.80

per cent, earbon sleel is turned, l\20

=20 h.p., is required. Urass would re-
quire 0.2.">\20 6 h.p.

Boring Mill. i

Example: Diameter of work = 45

inches; speed of table 4.f> revolutions

pec minute; depth of eut 0.28 im-li ;

f.ed -- 0.10 inch per revolution.

The diameter of work goes only to

10 inehes in the vcrlical column of the

diagram, These may be multiplied by

10. and if used with the spindle speeds
a- I lit y -land, the results in (hi ohlique
Column of cutting s|«>cds mUSi be in u 1 1 1

plied by 10. In ease of large diameters
the spindle , r table speeds are usually
low. The simplest way to use the dia

gram in these cases is io Interchange
diameter of work and spindle speed, i.e.,

assume thai the diameter of the work is
and the table speed under I, 2, 8, eie .
in the vertical Column. En the problem
under consideral ion Ihe cullinj* speed is
as follows:

H

■

/

I

K

l

•

G

1
.1.'.

In.l

1
....

1

1

n •

*

*

M »

Kl|{. 1.— Koliitlcm Botvvivn HUM POWM niul iu.
Ilia, nicliil n-movril ; Mikl Stwl, tUo per
oent. Otirbon.

The intersection of the horizontal line

through 4.5 ami thCfVertical line through

10 correspond to a CUtting speed of
feel per minule. The area of eut is
0.02.") square ineh. The intersection of
the horizontal line through 0.02o square
ineh area of eut and the vertical line
through 68 feet per minule cutting speed

lies between curves representing M.i and
16.8 cubic iuclis, indicating that 18 cubic

inches are removed per minute. If ca-l
iron of a soft quality is removed Ihe
power required for OUtting will he l.'.\
0.3 lo h.p. If Ihe ea-l iron is ot' hard

quality, o.f>xi.rfc=7.f> h.p., will be re

quired.

Shaper or Planer.
Example: Depth of cut ■. 0.78 inch;
t\'ct\ per stroke 11(1 inch; cutting

Speed 46 feel per minute (from char-
acteristic of planer or shaper).

Area of cut 0.78 \ 1-lti = 0.046
square inch.

36

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The cubic inches of metal removed per
minute, corresponding to an area of cut
of 0.046 square inch, and a cutting speed
of 45 feet per minute, is 24. The power
required for cutting in the machine a
hard grade of cast iron will under these
conditions be 24 X 0.5 = 12 h.p.

In a planer the power required for
reversing is usually considerably more
than that required to cut metal, de-
pending upon the design of the reversing
mechanism, the flywheel effect, and the
speed characteristic of the motor. In a
shaper the power required to reverse is
not very great, and is usually less than
the power required for cutting.
Blotter.
In most cases the cutting tool is fed
inwardly on this type of machine; the
following example shows how the dia-
gram is used to determine the rate of re-
moving metal. With other methods of
feeding the tool the diagram is used in
the same way as in the case of a planer
or a shaper:

Example —

Width of tool and cut 0. 5

Feed per stroke 0.06

Cutting speed 35 f.p.m.

Area of cut 0.5 x 0.06 0.03 sq. in.

Drills.

The power required in drilling opera-
tions can also be expro*£cd as a f.on-
stant times the cubic inches of metal re-
moved per minute. The conditions are,
however, more complicated than in the
lathe tool, since the friction of the drill
r.nd the chips on the sides of the kole

increase the power requirement as the
drill enters the metal. This is especial-
ly true when cast iron is drilled, as
chips have a jamming action. The vari-
able cutting speed at the cutting edge of
the drill, from zero at the centre to the
peripheral speed of the drill, also causes
a jamming action and tends to increase
the power per cubic inch per minute
over that required to remove the same
amount of metal by means of the lathe
tool type. With drills generally em-
ployed, the value per h.p. per cubic inch
of metal removed per minute, is about
double that required by ordinary lathe
tools.

Plate 2 is a diagram with full instruc-
tions for determining the cubic inches of
metal removed with drills. The con-
stants for determining the power re-
quired are about double those for lathe
tools:

Example —

Size of drill 2 in.

Feed per minute 2.5 in.

Speed of drill 150 r.p.m.

Metal drilled: cast iron.

The peripheral or maximum cutting
speed of the drill is found as follows.
(Rule a, Plate 2) : The horizontal line
corresponding to a diameter of 2 in.
intersects the vertical line correspond-
ing to 150 r.p.m. on the curve correspon-
ing to a cutting speed of 77.5 ft. per
min. The area of the 2 in. drill (rule c)
is 3 sq. in. This area at a feed of 2.5 in.
per min. corresponds to removing 7 cu.
in. per min. (rule d). For cast iron the

f
&

h.p. per eu. in. per min. is about 0.8,
twice that for lathe tools, hence the
power required to drive the drill in this
case is 0.8 X 7. . . . 5.6 h.p., which
agrees closely with an actual test. For
mild steel the power required is 1.2 X 7
. . 8.4 h.p. In drilling a hole of this
size the friction of the chips does not in-
crease the power materially as the depth
of the hole increases, since there is suffi-
cient space for the drill to free itself of
chips.

Milling Cutters.

Plate 3 is a diagram with full instruc-
tions for determining the amount of
metal removed per minute by a milling
machine.

Example :

Width of cut 8 in.

Depth of cut 0.2 in.

Advance of table per min. . . 5 in.
Area of cut is 8 X 0.2 0.16 sq. in.

To find the cubic inches of metal re-
moved per minute, find on the diagram
the intersection of the horizontal line
through 0.16 sq. in., and a vertical line
corresponding to a table advance of 5
in. per min. The curve passing through
this intersection corresponds to a rate
of cutting of 16 cu. in. of metal per min.
For machinery steel or mild steel, the
power required by a horizontal milling
machine of this type is about 1.6 per
cu. in. per min., making the total re-
quirement 1.6 X 16 • • • 25.6 h.p. A

DIRECTIONS FOR USING PLATE 1.

a. To find cutting speed : From intersection
of horizontal line corresponding to diameter
and vertical line corresponding to spindle speed,
follow nearest curve and use value found in
oblique line of figures marked cutting speed.

b. To find area of cut : From intersection of
horizontal line corresponding to depth of cut
and vertical line corresponding to teed, follow
nearest curve and use value found in
oblique line of figures marked area of cut.

c. To find cubic inches of metal removed per
minute : From intersection of horizontal line
corresponding to cutting speed follow nearest
curve and use value found in oblique line" of
figures marked cubic inches of metal removed
per minute.

To use curve, knowing diameter of work,
spindle speed, depth of cut and feed, find cut-
ting speed from (a) area of cut from (b) and
cubic inches of metal removed der minute from
(o)).

0.4 0.5 0.0 0.7

Feed in Inches per Revolution.

40 60 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Cutting Speed in Feet per Minute or Spindle Speed In r.p.m.

Plate 1 Machine Tool Calculator for Lathes, Planers, Shafers, Slotters and Boring Mills

CANADIAN MACHINERY

37

vertical miller requires about 1 h.p. per
cu. in. per min., or 16 h.p. under the fore-
going conditions.

The power required by milling cutters
varies according to their construction,
and care should be employed to deter-
mine the proper constant for each class
of cutters. By means of tests made with

the graphic meter on motor-driven tools
the proper constant can easily be de-
termined in any given case.

DIRECTIONS FOR USING PLATE 2.

a. To find cutting speed : From intersection
of horizontal line corresponding to spindle speed
follow nearest curve and use value found in
oblique line of figures marked cutting speed.

b. To find in inches per minute from feed per
revolution and spindle speed : From intersec-
tion of horizontal line corresponding to feed in
inches per revolution and vertical line corre-
sponding to spindle follow nearest curve and
use value found in oblique line of figures mark-
ed feed in inches per minute.

c. To find area of drill from diameter of drill
use curve on left side of figure : Find intersec-
tion of vertical line corresponding to diameter
of drill with the curve ; follow the horizontal
line passing through this intersection and ob-
tain area under area of drill in vertical column.

d. To find cubic inches of metal removed per
minute : From intersection of horizontal line
corresponding to area af drill and vertical line
corresponding to feed per minute follow nearest
curve and use value found in oblique line of
figures marked cubic inches of metal removed
per minute.

Knowing diameter of drill, spindle speed and
feed per revolution, find cutting speed from (a)
and cu. in. metal removed per minute from (b),
(c) and (d).

0 H 1 \* 2 2^3 3«

0

so

100

ISO

200

290

Diameter of Drill

2

4

6

8

10

300 350 400 450 500

Spindle Speed in r.p.m.
12 14 16 18 20

Feed in Inches per Minute

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

33

Plate 2 Machine Tool Calculator for Drills

IjO 10

18 0.9 »

II Oj 1

J?

DIRECTIONS FOR USING PLATE 3.

■ a. To find cutting speed : From intersection
of horizontal line corresponding to diameter and
vertical line corresponding to spindle speed of
cutter, follow nearest curve and use value found
in oblique line of figures marked cutting speed.

b. To find area of cut : From intersection
of horizontal line corresponding to depth of cut
and vertical line corresponding to width of cut.
follow nearest curve and use value found in
ohlique line of figures marked area of cut.

c. To find cubic inches of metal removed per
minute : From intersection of horizontal line
corresponding to area of cut and vertical line
corresponding to advance of table per minute
follow nearest curve and use value found in
oblique line of figures marked cubic inches of
metal removed per minute.

To use curve, knowing the diameter of cutter,
spindle speed, depth of cut, width of cut, and
advance of table per minute, find cutting speed
from (a) area of cut from (b), cubic inches me-
tal removed per minute from (c).

160 180 200

Speed of Cuuer In r.p.m.
7 8 9 10 11

Width of Cui or Advance of Table per Minute

Plate 3 Machine Tool Calculator for Milling Machines

SPEAKING TUBE ECONOMY.
By M. E. D.

Our stock room is on the ground floor
while the cost department is on the
second floor. In connection -with our
cost keeping system it was often ne-
cessary to make trips from the cost
department to the stores department to
look up prices. This consumed a great
deal of time of the cost clerk, who de-
sired the information and one of the
stores clerks.

It was decided, after considering the
question, to instal a speaking tube be-
tween the two departments, with a
whistle on either end so that a clerk in
the stores department could call a clerk
in the cost department or vice versa
without having to walk up stairs.

This arrangement also saved consider-
able time. Formerly a cost clerk had
to walk downstairs and wait while the
stores clerk hunted up the desired in-
formation. Now the cost clerk can call
up the stores department, ask the ques-
tion ami receive the answer through
the speaking tube, without losing the
time walking up or down stairs or in
waiting in the stores department, while
the stores clerk was looking up the in-
formation desired.

The tube, installed, cost about $15.
During the day about ten trips were
made on the average by clerks up and
down stairs. Estimating the time lost
by one person on each trip, the total
loss per day would be 100 min. per day
or 300,000 min. per year equals 500 hrs.
If the average wage is 20 cents per
hour the total loss is $100 ner year,
which is practically wholly eliminated
by an expenditure of only $15.

FIGURING OVERHEAD CHARGES.
By K. Campbell.

In shops it is a difficult matter to
fix the overhead charges. Take a job-
bing shop for instance with a machine
and plating department. A manager of
one of these wondered why he always
"fell down" in obtaining contract for
the p^ting department, his price being
invariably higher than his competitors.
He began to do some thinking. Tie figur-
ed it out and by his new way of figur-
ing he was able to keep the plating plant
bnay.

TTc had bciii accustomed to figure the
overhead charges for the whole plant,
and this came, with profits, to about 80

per cent., so that if an article cost $1
for productive labor, the charge to the
customer would be $1.80. As a result
of his thinking, he investigated and
found the overhead charges in the plat-
ing department were not as high as thai
of the machine department, and the per-
centage added was reduced to about 60
per cent., which fact allowed him to
compete satisfactorily with other com-
panies in the same line.

In figuring overhead charges or "De-
partment Diffused Expense," Mr. Daly,
of the National Cash Register Co., To-
ronto, has found it satisfactory to figure
the per centage on the preceding twelve
months. Thus for April, 1910, the per-
centage is taken from the twelve months
i receding. As soon as May 1 comes the
month of April, 1909, will be dropped
and the percentage will be figured on the
twtlve months, May, 1909, to April, 1910..
inclusive.

In some plants it is customary to take
a fixed percentage u' the overhead
charge, but this does not appear to be
the best practice though several argu-
ments have been given in its favor, that
of making the factory attain the mini-
mum overhead charge. When a plant

is not busy the charge increases, while
if the shops are busy, the machinery is
in continuous operation, and the men
crowded with work are kept busy, the
percentage is lower. The system of us-
ing the figures of the previous twelve
months for calculating overhead charges,
therefore, appears to me to be a good
system.

DEPRECIATION IN VALUE OF
MACHINE TOOLS.
A method frequently used in calculat-
ing the depreciation in value of a ma-
chine tool is to allow 10 p.c. of a re-
ducing balance ; that is, 10 p.c. of the
first cost if charged off the first year,
10 p.c. of the remaining cost, the sec-
ond year, and 10 p.c. of the second re-
mainder the third year, etc. This
method is based upon the fact that
the apparatus actually decreases in
value year by year. Allowance for de-
preciation in any given year can be
made easily by the aid of the curve in
Fig. 2. This curve gives the percentage
of the first cost corresponding each year
to 10 p.c. on the reduced balance. For
example, the curve shows that the de-
preciation on a tool that has been in
service five years will be 6.6 p.c. of the

Charges per Hodr

a
2

s

I

■

Power

A

■J

si

Type of Machine

Fixed

Variable

Salaries

Interest

Vertical Boring Mills.
40-In. -60 in

$0 02
0.04
0.05
008

3%

$0 02
0 04

3%

$0 02
0 03

$0 04
006
0 15

3%

$0.25
0 45
0 80
2.00

52%

$0.30
0 60

51%

$0 25
0 50

61%

$0 55
1.10
2 60

55%

$0.15
0.25
0.40
1.00

28%

$0.20
0.35

31%

$0 12
0.25

25%

$0.30
0.60
1 40

30%

$0.05
0.08
0.15
0 30

8%

$0 03
0.09

7%

$0.04
0.10

10%

$0.05
0.15
0 25

5.5%

$0.05
0.08
0.15
0.30

8%

$0 03
0.09

$0.04
0.10

10%

$0.05
0.15
0.25

5.5%

$0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03

1%

$0 01
0.01

1%

$0.01
0.01

1%

$0.01
0.02
0.03

1%

$0.53

72 In.-lOO In

0.91

10ft.-14 ft

1.57

16 ft.-24 ft. Eirt....

3.71

Average per cent of total

Radial drills. 5 ft

100%
$0 59

Radial drills. 10 ft

1.18

Average Per Cent of Total . .

Engine Lathes'.

30ln.-40ln

40 ln.-60 In

100%

$0.48
0.99

Average Per Cent of Total

Planers:

36 In. -56 In

7 ft--10 ft

100%

$1.09
2.08

12 ft .-14 ft

A verage Per Cent of Total . .

4 ej

100%

Fig. 1.— Table ot Machine— Hour Rates.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

39

original cost. If this cost was $4,500,
the allowance for depreciation during
the sixth year according to the 1Q p.c.
reducing balance method is $4,500 X
.066 equals $297. Since this is 10 p.c.
of the reduced cost, the value of the
tool at the end of the fifth year is $2,-
970.

Tools designed for special work will
be discontinued after a comparatively
limited period, and therefore, depreciate

V

1 i • t i • 5 ti u a ii u i* 17

Yeatv [aMAUcd

Vig. 2.— Depreciation at 10 p.c. Reducing Balance

in value much more rapidly than is in-
dicated by the foregoing method : a
special allowance frequently made for
such tools is generally known as utility
depreciation.

Fig. 1 contains a summary of machine
hour rates obtained by this method. It
is assumed that machines have been
installed six years, so that the depre-
ciation is 6 p.c. on a basis of 10 p.c.
reducing balance.

NEW OFFICES OF MUSSENS LIMI-
TED.

Mussens Limited, Montreal have just
moved from their old offices on the cor-
ner of Victoria Square to a large five
storey building on the opposite side of
St. James St. at 318 St. James St.

Increases to the staff caused by the
expansion of business had rendered the
old offices too congested, and the show
space for machinery and supplies was
entirely inadequate. By the new move
they have been enabled not only to lay
out more commodious offices but reserve
two floors for exhibition purposes. The
new offices and show-rooms and also their
warehouses which were purchased sever-
al years ago and which are excellently
equipped for handling heavy machinery
are shown here. The warehouses have a
capacity of about 100 carloads of stock,
and have a wide driveway running clear
through the building from end to end
opening on two streets. They are ex-
celently located near the railroads and
navigation companies.

Mussens Limited now have branch of-
fices and warehouses in Cobalt, Winnipeg
and Vancouver and also offices alone in
Toronto and Calgary. From a small be-
ginning this firm has become one of the
largest of its kind in the Dominion of
Canada. Their principal lines are ma-
chinery iind supplies for railways, mines,
contractors, municipalities and machine

shops. They have a well equipped en-
gineering department which looks after
the designing, supplying and erecting of
complete plants for various purposes
such as quarrying, mining, etc.

Their latest move is another indication
of the rapid and steady growth of this
firm, which has since its inception at-
tained a reputation for reliable and effi-
cient business methods.

OVERHEAD CHARGES AND MA-
CHINE-HOUR RATES.*

The following analysis outlines a me-
thod of determining the hourly over-
head charges per machine tool, which
will be called the machine-hour rates.
Over-head charges can be grouped in
three main classes :
A Charges against the entire factory.
a Fixed charges : these include inter-
est and depreciation, taxes and in-
surance on buildings, grounds' and
accessories.
b Variable charges : these include re-
pairs and renewals on buildings and
accessories, omitting all charges
which can be set off directly to a
particular section of the" factory ;

charges against the store room and
the tool room ; defective design,
material or workmanship ; printing
and stationery ; lubricants and gen-
eral manufacturing supplies.
c Salaries (not chargoable to a defin-
ite section) : these include cost of
superintendence (manager, superin-
tendent, foreman) ; engineering and
drawing ; clerical force, including
office boys and general laborers.
B Charges against each section of the
factory.

a Fixed charges : including an equit-
able portion of the total factory
fixed charge and interest, and de-
preciation on auxiliary apparatus
located in the section (except ma-
chine tools).

b Variable charges : these include a
portion of the variable charges as
well as similar charges belonging to
the section, such as repairs and re-
newals, storeroom and tool room
charges, defective design, material

* From a paper on Electric Motor Applications
read before American Society of Mechanical En-
gineers by Charles Robbins.

Warehouses of Mussens Limited Montreal.

40

CANADIAN MACHINERY

and workmanship, lubricants and
manufacturing supplies.

c Salaries : including a portion of the
total salaries as well as those be-
longing exclusively to the section,
that is, foremen, clerks, errand
boys, laborers, cranemen, etc.
C Charges against each machine tool.

a Portion of fixed charge.

b Portion of variable charge.

c Portion of salaries charge.

d Interest on cost of tool, fairly taken
at 6 p.c.

e Depreciation of value of tool (see
explanation below).

f Cost of power to operate tool, in-
cluding also lighting and crane ser-
vice.

How a Machinist Made 3000 p.c. in Twenty Days

How Walter E. Flanders, Machinist, now President and General Mana-
ger of the E-M-F Co., a Branch of which is being Established in Walker-
ville, Ont., turned $195,000 into $6,000,000 in Twenty Days.

Walter E. Flanders, left school at fif-
teen years of age and became a machin-
ist. Later, he dropped the lathe to sell
machinery. The risk he ran was noth-
ing compared with the benefits that
might accrue if he succeeded. Failure
did not figure in his plans. He combined
personality with business, and to those
to whom he sold his machines, he im-
parted knowledge of their uses. And
Flanders succeeded— HIS HEART WAS
IN HIS WORK.

It soon dawned upon the machinist,
that if he could sell other men's tools he
could sell those of his own manufacture.
He discerned an increasing demand for
certain special machines and machine
tools and became a producer. He felt
that the great problem in manufacturing
was to minimize the cost of production
through mechanical means without de-
tracting from the quality of the output,
and this was one step towards success.

He then became interested in the auto-
mobile business. He mastered the de-
tails of construction, the business of di-
rection and the art of organization. As,
when in his machinist's days he had se-
lected steel so now he selected men with
an eye to quality, strength, temper and
durability. In perfecting his organiza-
tion, HE PICKED THE RIGHT MEN.

Flanders has in the E-M-F plant at
Detroit, thousands of men at the drills,
forges and in the management of the
business. All are contented and are
helping in the success of the business.
He has succeeded in enthusing them in
the work and he gives this as a solution
"I LET HIM SHARE RESULTS."

What Efficiency Will do.
A good example of what enthusiasm
on the part of the men and consequent
high efficiency on their part will do, is
shown in the Detroit, No. 1 plant of
E-M-F Co. That particular factory
has a capacity of thirty cars a day. A
visitor, one quite familiar with the auto-
mobile business, discovered in looking

over the institution that sixty-five ears a
day were being turned out.

"How do you do this?" he asked
somewhat bewildered. "Your equip-
calls for thirty cars a day. Yet you turn
out more than twice that number."

"I share results with my men. I
make it worth while to them in dollars
and cents. Every car that leaves this
plant for shipment represent a premium
to every employe here. It is true that
the plant calls for thirty cars per day,
but I AM FORTUNATE IN HAVING A
SIXTY-FIVE CAR CREW."

This was the condition when a change
of salesmanship was made, which result-
ed in an investment of $195,000 being
turned over for $6,000,000. The plan of
distribution and sale was found to be
inadequate and after due deliberations,
a change of the selling plan was made
by which motor-cars were sold direct
from the factory to agents. The follow-
ing contributed by Flanders formed part
of an advertisement inserted in half-page
space in the leading city dailies, which
brought results from every quarter: —
"A splendid opportunity for
hustling young men of good
standing, having experience in
selling large quantities of auto-
mobiles, and with sufficient
backing to finance this proposi-
tion to form a sales company.
The E-M-F Co. will co-operate
with you in establishing a per-
manent business corporation."
Within ten days 1,200 cars were sold,
400 more were ordered and $1,000,000
had poured into the coffers of the com-
pany added to which were $19,000,000
additional in future orders.

It does not require a mathematician
to figure out just what Flander's plunge
meant to the E-M-F Co. Let us cal-
culate the value of those forty-six words
that he contributed to the advertise-
ment, based on the $20,000,000 results.
In actual money, it figures out $434,-
782.60 per word.

This woke up Wall Street. It was
business and salesmanship, but it woke
up the money market, which two years
ago would not advance a dollar on an
automobile proposition. Bankers, who
previously held aloof, now made prop-
ositions to the machinist. He presented
his case briefly. His total investment
in twenty months amounted to $195,-
000; his pay-roll numbered about 12,500,
and it was agreeable to him that the
probable purchaser instal an expert ac-
countant to go over his books. He was of
the opinion that about $6,000,000 would
be sufficient to close the deal and turn
over the E-M-F Co. to whoever wished
to secure possession of the property, to-
gether with what it meant to the future
of automobile manufacturing.

The banker, with that foresight which
has marked his course in similar large
industrial enterprises, considered the
Flander's proposition a fair one, and
the transaction was closed upon those
terms. Thus, the E-M-F Co.'s original
investment was turned over in twenty
months multiplied thirty-two times.
Secret of Management.

Walter E. Flanders still continues the
management of the E-M-F Co. When
the deal was put through his assistants
received compensation at the rate of
eight to one for their stock holdings. He
attributes his secret of successful man-
agement to "whacking up" with the
other fellow, to — ORGANIZATION
PLUS COMPENSATION.

Geo. Wedlake, of the Cockshutt Plow
Co., Brantford, is on a trip to Cuba to
further the interests of that company.

A. S. Herbert, manager for Canada of
the Siemens Dynamo Works, has return-
ed to Toronto, from the Old Country,
after an absence of four months.

'3. J. Brooks, Jr., general sales man-
ager of the Harbison-Walker Refrac-
tories Co., Pittsburg, has been elected to
its directorate.

$10 For An Idea

For the "Business Management"
department of Canadian Machin-
ery.

We want ideas for this depart-
ment— ideas of practical, labor-
saving, cost-reducing value. We
will pay at regular rates for each
idea accepted, and in addition will
pay $10 for the best idea sub-
mitted during the next five months
—that is, until Sept. 30, 1910.

Address all communications to
the Editor of Canadian Machinery,
111-127 University Ave., Toronto,
Ont.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

ATTACHMENT FOR TURNING
OVALS.

By J. H. R., Hamilton.

The accompanying' sketch shows an
attachment, used on a lathe for turn-
ing and boring ovals and other shapes
as shown. The object of the device is
to cause a lateral motion to the tool,
while the lathe spindle revolves.

The eccentric E is keyed to shaft S,
supported and kept in position by

The lateral motion of the tool must
be equal to one-half of the difference
between the major and minor diame-
ters. If the major diameter is 3",
minor diameter 2^", the motion of the
cross slide must be £" .

FLYWHEEL DESIGN.

The accompanying illustrations show
a difficulty that was encountered recent-
ly in a machine shop and foundry when

casting a flywheel for a Stock Gate for
McLaughlin Bros., Arnprior. Fig. 1
shows the flywheel when first designed
and Fig. 2 shows the redesigned flywheel
when completed.

The flywheel is 6 ft. 3 in. in diameter;
A A are 2 in. x 2 in. pins, B is a 3 in. x
V-/i in. pin. When the piece was cast
the inspector found the casting was
broken at C and D, and cracked at E.
On account of the metal contracting

bracket H. Motion is transmitted to
the tool through the eccentric H, rod
R, bell crank L and rod I ; bracket A
being secured to the cross slide as
shown. The shaft S is revolved by a
tram of gears similar to the lead
screw.

For an oval, shaft S must revolve
twice while the spindle revolves once,
or a ratio of 2 : 1.

In Fig. 3 the skeleton sketch shows
the action of the device.

A represents a 2 : 1 ratio.

B represents a 3:1 ratio.

C represents a 4 : 1 ratio.

As the lateral motion of the tool is
the same as bracket A, Fig. 1, the
skeleton sketch shows the different posi-
tions of the tool as the work revolves.

Take the oval for illustration. When
the eccentric is in the position 1, the tool
is also at point 1 ; eccentric at 2, tool
at 2' ; eccentric at 3, tool at 3'.

The index figure as (4") denotes the
tool position for the (") second revolu-
tion of the eccentric E.

The cycles of operations in B and C
are similar to A, but with different
ratio, and should be clearlv understood
by the sketch. The arrow shows direc-
tion of motion of lathe spindle.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

when cooling this design could not ba
used and Fig. 2 was the second and suc-
cessful design. The centre arm was
eliminated and the pattern slit at F.
The two other arms were moved nearer
F. The casting was then made without
any further difficulty.

were made by John Inglis, Toronto, for
McLachlin Bros., Arnprior, and these
were equipped with these crank pin oil-
ers.

The oil is fed to the centre hole, a
packing nut being provided. The two
outer tubes are for the water supply, in-

Cycle and Motor Co. The piece is a
good example of multiple die work, the
piece itself and all the openings being
made at one stroke of the press.

It will be noted that there are eleven
openings made in addition to the rather
intricate outline of the piece itself. The
whole arrangement necessitated some
careful punch and die work.

In finishing the flywheel, the two parts
of the outer run were fastened together
as shown at G. The wheel is cast to al-
low the insertion of the steel forging
shown, on either side of the rim. The
steel rod is upset at both ends, heated,
put in position and allowed to cool. It
shrinks 1-16 inch, thus holding the two
parts of the rim closely together and
successfully completing a rather difficult
task in designing, pattern and foundry
work.

ward and outward flow. The water pro-
vides cool bearings at all times.

In the illustration 1 is a brass crank
arm, 2 is a brass collar, 3 a brass
sleeve, 4 a brass nut, 5 a brass nut, 6 a
brass ring, 7 wrought iron set screw, 8
wrought iron oil pipes and 9 tap bolts.

COLD PRESS WORK.

A fine piece of cold press work is
shown by the accompanying drawing.
This is made from steel 3-32 inch in
thickness at the works of the Canada

COMBINATION BORING MACHINE.

In the accompanying line cut is illus-
trated an interesting' machine made by
modifying a standard type so as to very
greatly increase its rapidity of opera-
tion for turning out one particular pro-
duct. This machine is used for boring
the guide barrel, facing the flange and
boring and facing the main bearings of
small engine beds.

As seen from the cut, the boring bar
C D, supported in the head carried on
the guides H and G at one end and by
the frame E at the other end, is boring
out the cylindrical crosshead guide,
while at the same time, the tool held
in the tool block F, is facing off the
flange B. While this is going on, the
boring bar K, driven by the worm and
wheel N M. and the pulley P,' on the
shaft O, is boring out the babbitted
main bearings A. Also, by means of
the facing arms L L, facing tools held
in tool boxes, one of which is shown at
V, are facing off the bearing ends.

CRANK PIN OILER.

By K. Campbell.
The accompanying illustrations show a
crank pin oiler with provision being made
for water cooling of crank. It is a sure
cure for hot cranks and has been tried
out successfully. Recently saw ■lu.ies

Crank IMn Oiler Cooled by Water Flowing Around the Crank.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

The facing tool in the block F, is
traversed radially by the star wheel
shown at the top of the rotating guide
and the facing tools in the blocks L L
are also traversed radially by star
wheels, one of which is shown at the
right. The blocks L L are split, and,
by taking out suitable bolts, may be
removed from the bar K, to which they
are keyed.

and Motor Co., Toronto. The bearing
ends, after being babbitted do not pre-
sent a perfectly smooth surface, and to
save re-machining this device is used,

proved a very useful tool for rapidly
finishing up these bearings, being much
superior to the breast drill which was
formerly used.

"£-€

ilil,l

Wr

1

#

I I

I !

~=~M

Facing Tool for Small Bearings.

|^

TWIN CYLINDER BORING JIG.

This is a handy jig made use of in the
shops of the Canada Cycle and 'Motor
Co., Toronto, for both boring and grind-
ing twin cylinders. The finished end of
the cylinder casting is bolted to the in-
side face of the plate A. The main part
of the jig is pinned to the lathe face-
plate by a pin B, and can be clamped in
any position by bolts at C C C. The
lathe spindle is hollow and has a rod
which fits perfectly at the face plate,
and which can be shoved through to fit
corresponding holes D or E when the jig
is swung into the proper position to en-
gage. By this means exact alignment is
readily obtained. To operate one cylin-
der is bored with pin engaging at D.
Then, the pin is removed, jig swung over
till it engages at E, and the other cylin-
der is in position. It provides a ready
means for quick production. It is ac-
curate to within one-thousandth of an
inch.

When boring by means of the bar K,
the horizontal traverse is given to this
bar by the screw R, which is held sta-
tionary in the head, at the right. The
bar K is threaded internally and, con-
sequently, as it rotates, it must travel
along the stationary screw R.

Uprights J J are angle blocks and
are adjustable horizintally in the guides
T T, the latter being bolted down to
the main bed of the machine. By means
of the blocks S S, the hight of the bar
K may be made to suit the work. With
these various adjustments, engine beds
of a very considerable range in size
may be finished with this same machine.

Of course, the near end of the shaft O
is supported by a separate bearing
which is not shown in the illustration.
This machine is in use at the plant of
the Newburgh Ice Machine and Engine
Co., at Newburgh, N.Y. — American
Machinist.

FACING TOOL FOR SMALL BEAR-
INGS.
This tool is made use of to smooth up
small babbitted bearings in automobile
frames in the works of the Canada Cycle

A Combination Boring Machine.

which proves perfectly accurate.

may be seen, the tool is double ended, one
end having a fillet to give the round

The electric operation of trains
through the Saint Clair tunnel is show-
ing the same economies, as compared
with steam operation, as have oeen ob-
tained in similar installations elsewhere.
According to the Electric Railway

Twin Cylinder Boring Jig.

edge- to the bearing to correspond to the
fillet in the crank shaft, while the other
end is left without, for places where no
such fillett occurs. Considering one end
only, AAA A form four cutting edges.
The shank B is clamped in the cap bear-
ing, just tight enough not to wobble. By
means of a nut or stud, the facing edge
is drawn up as desired. The washer D
has a key in it which engages with a
similar key seat in stud C, which pre-
vents the cutting edge from tightening
more than the desired amount. It has

Journal, the c"ost of coal for- one year
under electric operation was only
thirty-nine per cent, of that for the
- last year of steam operation. The total
service charges were but sixty per cent,
of those for steam, and the sum of ser-
vice and fixed charges was 84.5 per
cent, which represents the operat-
ing economy of the new over the old
service. The cost of maintenance and
repairs for the electric system is fifty-
five per cent, of that of steam during
the same period.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

New Jaw and Friction Clutch and "Ideal" Split Pulley

The Positive Clutch and Pulley Works, Limited, Toronto, Have Placed
Several Improved Transmission Appliances on the Canadian Market.

THE combined jaw and friction
clutch combines the advantage of
a friction clutch, to gradually
pick up the speed of a driven shaft or
pulley, etc., under load, with the po-
sitive drive of a jaw clutch. The fric-
tions are not obliged to carry the load,
but are used only for the purpose of
operating the jaws.

The engaging portions of the jaws nar-
row slightly to their outer ends and are
provided with suitable clearance to eli-
minate all contact and permit freedom
of movement during operation. The
springs prevent the frictions and jaws
from engaging and disengaging except by
movement of the operating lever, but as-
sist in each operation. The friction and
jaws operate independently by means of
the one lever.

All parts are interchangeable, enabling
a coupling or a pulley clutch to be con-
verted to the other, and each to be used
on other sizes of shaiting. Sleeves are
provided with graphite lubrication, and
are made to standard diameters to fit
the standard bores of pulleys.

The frictions are made of fibre, which
prevents them burning. The friction
capacity need be only sufficient to pick
up the speed of the unloaded shaft or
pulley as the jaws when engaged will
carry the load which is afterwards ap-
plied, up to their rated capacity.

Description of Clutch.
The power shaft is indicated at B, and
the load shaft at A. Mounted on the
shaft A is a hub C, formed with a flange
to which the disk D is bolted. Project-
ing through a central aperture in the
disk D is an annular jaw E. The disk
D at its periphery is formed with annu-

lar flange, which incases part of the
clutch mechanism. A ring F is fitted
within this flgnge and keyed to it, for
rotation, but free for longitudinal move-
ment. The ring has openings at suitable
points to receive fibre blocks G, which
protrude from the opposite faces of the
ring. Keyed to the shaft B is a mem-
ber H, on which is fitted a sleeve I
formed with a flange at its inner end A
series of bolts J are fitted between this
flange and a ring at the opposite end of
the sleeve. A ring K is mounted to
slide on the sleeve I, and the bolts J
pass there through, while coil springs
on the bolts J bear against the ring K,
tending to press the latter outward. The
flange of sleeve I and ring K have annu-
lar bearing surfaces adapted to engage
the blocks G at opposite sides. They
are pressed into engagement by means of
levers L fulcrumed to the ring at the
end of the sleeve I, and links M fitted
between the levers L and the ring K.
The levers L are connected by links to
a sliding collar N, operated by a lever
O fitted with a split collar in the usual
manner. The collar N slides on a sleeve
P, which at its inner end is provided
with jaws R. These jaws are adapted
to slide in recesses at opposite sides of
the member H and the jaw E.

In operation to engage the clutch (see
Fig. 1), by means of lever O, the collar
N is moved forward along the sleeve P
until it comes in contact with member
R. This serves to process the flange I
and ring K against the friction blocks
G, by the toggle action of the levers and
links connected to collar N, and to pick
up the speed of the load shaft. When
the load shaft is approximately brought

up to speed the springs on the bolts J
act through the levers and links to en-
gage the jaws R with the recesses in
member E and to disengage the fric-
tions. When it is desired to disengage
the clutch the reverse takes place. The
frictional surfaces are first thrown into
contact to relieve the jaws of the load
and the springs then act in like manner
to disengage the jaws and then the fric-
tions. The frictional engagement is only
momentary and the transfer of the load
is almost instantaneous.

Ideal Split Pulley.

The split pulley manufactured by the
Positive Clutch & Pulley Works, Limit-

Fig. 1.— Section ol Clutch Showing Essential
Parts.

ed, 11-13 Jarvis St., Toronto, has a
wood rim, steel arms and malleable hub.
A test of "Ideal" combination arm pul-
ley 36" diam., 8" face was made in the
mechanical laboratory of the S.P.S., by
W. W. Gray. It transmitted 20 h.p. at
100 r.p.m., being the rated maximum
power of an 8" double leather belt, bas-
ed on a belt pull of 90 lbs. to the inch ,
The "Ideal" pulley consumed 1409 watts
with sides uncovered and 1405 with sides

Fig. 2.— As it Appears in Service
engaged.

When Dis-

Fig. 3.— Showing the Position of the Jaw Parts
and Friction.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

45

covered. The windage was 4 watts or
.005 h.p. ; the weight and balance was
27 watts or .03ti h.p. The test was per-
formed with shaft running at 400 r.p.m.
at which speed the watts consumed to
run shaft free of pulleys was 1378
watts.

Construction of Pulley.

The rim is made ol well-seasoned ma-
ple thoroughly kiln dried, each segment
being nailed and glued to the adjoining
segments. The arms are made of cold
drawn seamless steel tubing, pressed in-
to a ribbed form under enormous pres-
sure.

The hub is made of malleable iron with
a number of bosses ribbed together to
impart strength and reamed out to re-
ceive the arms. The bolt holes are cored
to fit the heads of the bolts, to prevent
the bolts from turning. The bushings
are made of cast iron and provided with
sufficient bearing to prevent them slip-
ping in the pulley or on the shaft. The
bushings are interchangeable.

The arms are connected to the rim by
means of saddle plates which are squeez-
ed over the flattened ends of the arms
and are fastened thereto, also to the

the arm before being forced into the
hub ; 4, the hub connection showing the
manner in which the arm is secured ;
and 5, the bushings showing the large
area of contact with the hub and the
shaft.

TEST OF STEAMER LEVIS.

The first production by the Canadian
General & Shoe Machiney Co., of Levis,
Que., in their new departure in engineer-
ing lines, is the steamer Levis, built for
the Levis Ferry Co., Ltd., tested April
27, 1910, at Quebec. This firm built the
machinery while the hull was construc-
ted by the firm of Davie & Sons, also of
Levis. The test of the steamer proved
quite satisfactory, the machinery run-
ning smoothly, with little vibration. The
stearing gear proved to be remarkably
sensitive, everything showing careful de-
sign.

A notable feature about the ship was
the great expediency of its construction,
for the contracts, for it and its sister

director, Ernest Caron, in 1901, for
the sole purpose of manufacturing shoe
machinery. That field not proving suffi-
ciently extensive, the works of Carrier,
Laine & Co., in Levis were leased from
the Federal Government for a term of
30 years, and the old plant moved
across the river to this newer place, where
a general engineering business is now
carried on. In their new premises, the
firm is well situated for the rapid and
efficient production of all kinds of ma-
chinery.

WESTERN CANADA RAILWAY
CLUB.

In his recent annual report, W. H.
Rosevear, the secretary of the Western
Canada Railway Club, Winnipeg, claim-
ed that no railway club on the American
continent had grown so quickly as had
the Winnipeg organization. The mem-
bership of the society increased from 35
to 450 in one year. Officers for this year
were elected as follows: Hon. president,

Fig. 4— "Ideal" Split Pulley.

rim, by means of stout pins driven
through the saddles and arms and into
the rim across the face of the pulley.
The ends of the saddles are fastened to
the interior of the rim.

The arms are connected to the hub un-
der enormous pressure. They are forced
inwardly on a taper, expanded outward-
ly at their inner ends and upset at the
extreme outer ends of the hub bosses,
thus making perfect connections without
the use of rivets or screw threads.

Fig. 5 shows the parts of the "Ideal"
combination split pulley, which is pat-
ented in all countries. In this figure, 1
illustrates the rim connection showing
saddle and pins ; 2, the saddle plate ; 3,

Fig. 5.— Parts

.■■ hip, I.auzon, which is ne.uh'g completion,
were only let November 25, last. These
two boats are for summer traffic; but the
contract for two winter boats las been
let to the same firms, on the recommen-
dation of the supervising naval architect,
A. Angstrom, of Toronto. These latter
boats are to be delivered next November.
The companies interested are worthy
of comment. The hull builders, Messrs.
Davie & Sons are an old established
firm, having been in business in Levis
some 25 years. The Canadian General
& Machinery Co., Ltd., who built the
engines and boilers and installed the
same, is a newer concern, having been
established in Quebec by its managing

"Ideal" Split Pulley.

Wm. White, (second vice-president of
the C.P.R.); lion, vice-presidents, E. J.
Chamberlain (vice-president and general
manager of the G.T.P.), G. J. Bury,
(general manager of the C.N.R.), and W.
Phillips, (gefleral manager of the Winni-
peg Electric Railway) ; president, A. E.
Cox, first vice-president, G. W. Caye,
second vice-president, R. R. Neild; secre-
tary, W. II. Rosevear; treasurer, E.
Humphries. The executive committee
was selected as follows: Grant Hall, J.
Hillis, S. J. Hungerford, J. G. le Grand,
F. H. Crane, W. S. Fallis, E. W. du Val
and L. 0. Genest. A. H. Mulcahey and
E. 0. Balleine were made to form the
audit committee.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Device*.

MICROMETER CALIPERS.

The Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., of
Providence, R. L, have recently added
to their line of Micrometer Calipers a
new series that will measure all classes
of work from one to 12 inches and
from 25 to 300 millemetres.

The micrometers embody the new style
of frame recently adopted and which is a
distinctive B. & S. feature. This is
made with an I section that tends to
strengthen the frame at the very points

Micrometer Calipers, Brown & Sharpe.

where strength is needed, to give rigid-
ity to the whole tool, and also to
lighten it so that it is convenient to
handle.

Although the frame is lightened it
does not interfere with the accuracy of
the tool, each of the micrometers being
rigidly inspected for accuracy before
they leave the shop. All of the parts
that are subject to wear are hardened
and means of adjustment are provided
to compensate for wear. A standard
gauge for testing the accuracy of the
micrometer is sent with each one.

Another feature that still further en-
hances the value of the tool is the fact
that the measuring points are left
square to aid in measuring small pro-
jections on a plane surface.

These micrometers are furnished
singly or in sets, the full line of eleven
micrometers in one set and six sizes in
the other.

RADIAL DRILL.

The illustration shows a new design
4 ft. and 4y2 ft. Radial Drills, brought
out by the Meuller Machine Tool Co.,
Cincinnati, to meet all the requirements
of modern drilling. Strength and mas-
siveness are exhibited in every part of
the machine. The column is of heavy

construction, insuring rigidity. It is
well ribbed internally and ground to size.
The arm is of hollow rectangular section
and has been increased considerably in
weight. It can be securely locked to the
column by the one tightener handle
shown. This is convenient for the
operator as he does not have to bother
with two handles. The arm can be
raised and lowered by a coarse pitch
screw, conveniently controlled. It can
be lowered at twice its elevating speed.

The head has been strengthened, and
is traversed on the arm by a rack and
pinion. It can be locked to the arm by
two small tightener handles. Our back
gears are located on the head and the
operating handle is located in front of
the operator, making it very convenient.
They are of simple construction and may
be engaged or disengaged without the
slightest shock while the machine is in
motion. The tapping mechanism will
take care of unusually heavy tapping-
operations without showing a strain. It
has a device to prevent breaking of taps,
and also permits taps to be backed out
at accelerated or even speed. The handle
for starting, stopping, and reversing the
spindle is located on the head in front of
the operator.

Spindle is equipped with a depth
gauge and automatic stop, and twenty-
four changes of speed are available. All
speeds are given on a brass plate attach-
ed to the arm of the machine. Spindle is

counterbalanced and has quick advance
.'Hid return. The machine is furnished
with a combination positive and friction
feed and arranged for eight changes to
each change of spindle speed, any one of
which is instantly available without
stopping the machine.

.__

in .

New Radial Drill, Mueller MLChine Tool
Co., Cincinnati.

The speed-box is of the geared friction
type and permits twelve changes of
speed. Changes are made by moving the

without the slightest shock.

NEW PLANING MACHINE DRIVE.

For some years engineers have been
trying to develop systems to improve
the driving of reciprocating machine
tools, such as planing machines. In
about 1902 Electro Magnetic Clutches
were tried and now a very large num-

rianer. C. E Lugard & Co., Chester.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

bex have been installed with groat suo-
B688. I 'laners from 2 ft. (i in. by 5
It. up to 9 ft. by 35 ft. are now runn-
ing and giving every satisfaction. C.
E. Lugard & Co., of Chester, have put
this system on the market under the
name of the S. M. Eleetro Magnetic
Drive.

shaft, but capable of sliding end ways,
fitted with a renewable cone of hard
fibre. As soon as the circuit is closed
the 2 parts of the armature rersucked
together by magnetic attraction, the
drive being partly magnetic and partly
(notional.
An air gap is always maintained be-

MULTI-SPEED PLANER.

A new multi-speed planer operated by
a four speed belt variator has been plac-
ed on the market by the American Tool
Works Co., Cincinnati.

The four speeds are obtained through a
pair of opposed four step cone pulleys
operated by an endless belt between

Many engineering shops have in their
works what is now considered an old
planing machine, built perhaps 10 or
oven 15 years ago, but strong and cap-
able of doing good work. Such a ma-
chine cutting at 25 ft. per minute rest-
ing for 3J seconds for the belt to come
over and returning at 35 ft. per min-
ute, which if fitted with a Magnetic
Drive can be speeded up without any
damage to the machine to give two
cutting speeds of say 28 ft. per minute
for cast iron and 50 ft. per minute for
steel or brass, with no appreciable
rest at the end of the stroke, and a re-
turn of 100 ft. per minute or more, thus
giving at least 2J times its former out-
put. The conversion is carried out by
replacing the shaft carrying the 3 belt
pulleys, the quick return sleeve and
pinion, by a shaft carrying a double
S.M. Electro Magnetic Clutch fitted
with pulleys. The old striking gear is
replaced by a two-way switch.

Fig. 1 sho-ws an S. M. Electro Mag-
netic Reversing Shaft, fitted for two
cutting speeds and a constant return
speed. The clutches each consist of a
stationary magnetic body containing a
coil, a divided armature, one part run-
ning loose on the shaft between two
collars, and carrying the pulley, the
other part secured by a feather on the

Sew Planer Machine Drive, C. E. Lugard & Co.,

tween the stationary magnetic body
and the revolving armatures, also the
two parts of the armature only engage
through the medium of a non-magnetic
body so that sticking from residual
magnetism is impossible.

The chief advantages claimed for this
system are : (1) No shifting belts ; (2)
Constant speed for any length of cut ;
(3) Accurate reversal ; (4) Simplicity
of apparatus and electrical gear. It
will be noticed that owing to the sta-
tionary magnet no slip rings or brush-
es are required, and the drive can be
installed as well from an existing line
shafting as a motor.

Three methods are put forward of uti-
lizing the drive, an open and cross belt
direct from the line shafting, the clutch
shaft being connected direct to the
planer, open and cross belts, the clutch
being mounted on a countershaft <uid
connected to the Delt pulley of the
planer by a short belt, and a gearina
drive through the ordinary 5 wheel
change connected direct to the planer
and motor. It must not be supposed
that the system is only applicable to
old machines, new planers have been
fitted with it at a low cost. Clutches
ol 1,200 and 1,400 h.p. at 200 r.p.m.
have been supplied for rolling mills, as
a protective device against overload.

Chester.

them, the whole being mounted upon a
substantial platform on top of the hous-
ings. The belt is shifted from step to
step and provides a range, of speeds cal-
culated to cover the most exacting re-
quirements. These, with the constant
high speed return of the platen, insure
the greatest working economy.

The drive has primarily two distinct
advantages, viz. : simplicity of design
and freedom from destructive vibration.

The shifting of 'the belt is novel and
very effective. A pair of belt forks are
moved alternately along guide rods by
means of a pair of cylindrical cams,
which revolve alternately through the
medium of a set of intermittent gears
operated by the hand wheel shown at
rear. One revolution of this wheel
shifts the belt from one step to another
and a shot , pin indicates the complete
revolution. The cam rolls have spiral
slots milled in their peripheries, each
belt fork being moved along the guide
rods through the medium of a roller
operating in the spiral slots. The rela-
tion between the cams and forks is such
as to shift the belt "off of the high step
of one cone before placing it on the high
step of the opposing cone.

The tension of the belt is controlled
by the vertical lever shown at the rear,
operating in a radial slot. This lever is

48

CANADIAN MACHINERY

of convenient height and operates a pair
of bell cranks through link connections.
The bell cranks serve as levers to slide
the "driven" cone towards the "driver"
thus slackening the belt. This feature,

lever is securely clamped by the binder
handle shown.

The driven cone being moved towards
the driver, which latter carries the
planer driving belts, is a distinct fea-

Planer of the American Tool Works Co., Cincinnati.

together with the mechanical belt shift-
ing device and the fact that the steps
of the pulleys are beveled on the edge,
so as to offer no resistance to the pas-
sage of the belt, permits of easily mak-

ture, inasmuch as the tension of the
vertical belts is not disturbed when
making speed changes, and the danger
of their flying off, from becoming loose,
is overcome.

JDlOL

mMiMM a

I '..?

Planer Drive, The American Tool Works Co,, Cincinnati.

ing rapid changes of speed, even though
the belt is very wide. After the belt is
located for the desired speed, it is
brought up tight by moving the hand
lever to the point where tension is suf-
ficient for the work, after which the

Speeds are changed without stopping.
This is a valuable feature of this drive.
With this drive it is far easier to make
the changes while in motion than other-
wise. Driving pulleys have fly-wheel
rims, the momentum of which reduces

to a minimum all shocks to the driving
mechaninism due to intermittent cutting
and at reversing, also insuring a steady
even pull at the cutting. They are per-
fectly balanced, running without the
least vibration even on the highest
speeds. This, coupled with the smooth-
ness of the drive, the scientific design
and accuracy of the planer itself, insures
a finished job which is free from imper-
fections, requiring the least, if any, at-
tention from the vise hands in fitting.

Cutting speeds can be arranged suit-
able to individual requirements, but are
regularly furnished to provide 20 ft., 30
ft., 40 ft. and 50 ft., with a constant
return speed of about 80 ft.

Beltdrive is regularly furnished with
this variator, the tight and loose pulleys
being applied to the rear cone shaft.
The drive can be obtained direct from a
line shaft provided same has a sufficient
speed, but slow shafts of about 150
r.p.m., require an intermediate or
"jack" shaft. With our construction it
is a- simple matter to convert the belt
drive into a motor drive at any time
after the machine is installed.
- A constant speed motor is required,
either of the direct or alternating cur-
rent type. The motor is direct connect-
ed to the variator through spur gearing.
A starting box is all the controlling
mechanism necessary Should the motor
at any time become disabled, the driving
gear on end of variator shaft may be re-
placed by a pulley, and the planer driv-
en by belt from a countershaft or an-
other motor conveniently placed.

MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS.

The eighth annual convention of the
National Machine Tool Builders' As-
sociation opened at Hotel Seneca, Ro-
chester, on May 24. Over one hundred
representatives of machine tool manu-
facturing concerns being in attendance.
Papers were read on Cancellation of
Orders, Cincinnati Continuation School,
Future of the Automobile Business with
Reforence to Machine Tools, Cone
Drive vs. Gear Drive, etc. Committees
reported on Aprrenticeship, Uniform
Costs, and Standardization of Motors.

It is announced that W. A.
Bowden, designing engineer of the De-
partment of Railways and Canals for
the last five years, has been appointed
chief engineer of the department. He is
a graduate of McGill, was appointed
by M. J. Butler some five years ago, and
has done good work. He designed the
new Intercolonial Railway shops at
Moncton, New Brunswick.

Stephen H. Chapman, president and
general manager of the Ontario Wind
Engine & Pump Co., Toronto, is trav-
eling through Western Canada in the
interests of the firm.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

49

GnadianMachinery

^MANUFACTURING NEWS->

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
ricity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN. President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto - - Business Manager

G.C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto Managing Editor

F.C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal Associate Editor

OFFICES :

CANADA

Montreal Rooms 701-703 Eastern

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Toronto - 111-127 University St.

Phone Muin7324

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Phone 3726

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H. Hodgson,

Room 21, Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street, E.C.

Phone Central 12960

J. Meredith McKim

UNITED STATES

New York - ■ R. B. Huestis

1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-

ance and Trust Building

Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE

Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,

Paris, France

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Orell Fussli & Co.

Cable Address:
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SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
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4a. 6d.t per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified
at once of any change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

June, 1910

No. 6

PROGRESS OF CANADIAN TRADE.

Since Confederation to date the statistics of Canadian
trade have indicated the curious fact that the crests of
each marked wave of trade expansion have followed each
other in cycles of almost ten years.

Commencing in 1873, all previous records were broken
with a total trade of a little over $131,000,000. In 1883
a new high record of over $230,000,000 was established;
and in 1893, the third marked expansion and new high
record of over $247,600,000 was attained. No halt in the
trade followed until the new high record of over $472,700,-
000 was reached in 1904. A temporary halt was experi-
enced in 1905 and again in 1909, but 1910, when the
figures for that fiscal year are announced will show it to
have been the greatest in the history of Canada..

Canada started off the first month of the present fiscal
year with a gain of nearly eleven million dollars, or 31
per cent., in her total trade, as compaxed with the total
trade for April of last year. Imports for the month total-
ed $30,682,438, an increase of $8,150,765, or about 36 per
cent., as compared with the corresponding month of last
year.

Exports of domestic products totaled $14,502,681, an
increase of $2,644,884, or about 22 per cent. Exports of
agricultural products for the month totaled $6,061,072, an
increase of a little over one and a quarter millions. Ex-
ports of manufactures totaled $2,380,011, an increase of
$632,011.

If the present rate of increase is maintained for the
rest of the year the total trade of the Dominion will con-
siderably pass the eight hundred million mark. The cus-
toms revenue for the month was $4,883,015, an increase of
$1 094,555.

PROTECT BELTING AND MACHINERY.

Caught on the belting of the machine at which he was
working, and carried along against the floor above where
his body lodged, while the shafting pounded him into in-
sensibility, W. A. Gon met a horrible death in the con-
centrating mill at Eustis. Gon was an employe of the
mill, and was busy at his work, when his clothes accident-
ally caught on the belting, which carried him off his feet.

After being whirled with lightning rapidity through a
sixtecn-ineh space between the belting and the ceiling over
some machinery in the mill at Greer's camp at (Mack's
Sidii.g until every particle of clothing was torn off him,
Daniel MeCulIouch now lies in St. Joseph's hospital with
iiis right leg broken and one shoulder badly shattered,
fortunate in having escaped with his life.

Canadian Machinery has pointed out on numerous oc-
casions the necessity of protecting belting and machin-
ery. Unless moving parts, belting, etc., are properly pro-
tected, by caging, fencing or in any convenient but effect-
ive manner, employes are in constant danger. We do not
know whether or not the accidents here described are due
to carelessness on the part of the men or the companies,
but we believe it is to the interests of companies generally,
to look after the physical well-being of the engineers and
employes. By protecting the workmen from possible ac-
cidents they are kept always at work and there is no dan-
ger of such reports being published as those here given.

NEW QUEBEC BRIDGE.

The new Quebec bridge will be of cantilever design and
tenders will be called for by public advertisement in the
leading engineering journals of Canada, U. S. and Great
Britain in the course of a few days. The Minister of Rail-
ways received a cable recently from Engineer Fitz-
maurice, who is now in England, stating that after con-
sultation with his colleagues, Modjeska and Vautelet, the
other members of the board of experts appointed by the
Government to supervise plans and construction of the
new bridge, they had agreed that the tests which have
been recently made, both in England and the United
States, as to the suitability of the cantilever design sub-
mitted last fall by the Board of Engineers show-
ed that it was the best possible. Tests have also
been made of the suspension design, but the engineers
have decided in favor of the cantilever. About three
months' time will be given for tenders to be submitted,
and all tenders must comply with the condition requiring
a sufficient guarantee that the bridge will be constructed
strictly according to specifications, and that in case of any
failure, the contractor will be liable for all loss.

THE MAN WHO DOES.

To-day the man who does is the only one
who is recognized.

What he has been or what- he has done —

What he expects to do in the future — all
these make a pretty story.

But we like the sound of the footsteps of
the man with red blood in his veins —

The man with fire in his eyes, energy in
his movements.

Not a man who expects to do — some day,

But the man who is doing things-— now.

—Obermayer.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

WADSWORTH CORE MACHINE.

For a number of years George II.
Wadsworth, of the Falls Rivet &i Ma-
chine Co., Cuyahoga Falls, has present-
ed the foundry public with a new type
of core machine each year, and at the
coming convention in Detroit he will
have on exhibition a new and interesting
type known as the Wadsworth Vertical
Jar-Ramming Core Forming Machine.

This is clearly illustrated in the ac-
i-companying views. The mechanism is
shown in Fig. 1. The machine consists
of a table supported upon suitable legs
between which the operating mechanism
is situated. The core is formed in a
vertical shell or core box, sand being
supplied from the swinging hopper above
the machine. As the sand is fed into
the core box or shell the crank at the
right is slowly rotated so that the
ratchets upon the shafts at each side of
the centre of the machine alternately
lift and drop the core box or core tube.
The stool which supports the entire me-
chanism for forming the core has pro-

Fig. 1. — Wadsworth Moulding Machine Showing
Mechanism.

GEO. H. WADSWORTH,
Falls Rivet and Machine Co., Cuyal.oga Falls.

jected from it wings in the form of
pawls. These wings rest on two rat-
chets, so that the mechanism is lifted
from both sides at the same time. The
ratchets are kept in proper position by
the gears seen at the back of the ma-
chine. The core tube A works in a
sleeve B, and is controlled by the ad-
justing screw C. This screw is first ad-
justed as to the proper length of core to
be made and then the tube forced
through the table of the machine by
lifting the adjusting screw and turning
it into the groove at one side of the
vertical slot as shown.

For making an ordinary straight core
the straight tube itself is all that is ne-
cessary. For irregular cores special dies
or core boxes are introduced on the in-
side of the tube A, and the jarring mo-
tion of the machine compacts the sand
into the box, causing it to feed out un-
der the shoulders of chamber cores. A
group of cores made in this machine is
shown in Fig. 2. At the rear are shown
straight cores and cores with tapered
prints on one or both ends.

The front row contains a number of
chambered cores. The core at the left
is not only chambered but provided with
tapered prints at both ends. The large
diameter is 2f, and the main body of
the core two inches. The difference in
diameter between the various parts of
the other cores is plainly shown. A
group of the machines which will be
shown at Detroit can be seen in Fig. 3.
In this illustration all of the dies have
been drawn down through the tables. In

the three machines at the left the vent
rods have been drawn and are lying on
the table, while in the three machines
at the right the vent rods are in place.
At the left of the central spindle of sev-
eral of the machines can be seen 1 lie
bushing which is placed in the top of the
die to form the upper tapered print. At
the right of the central spindle on three
of the machines can be seen the split
core box or special die which is intro-
duced into the machine for forming
chambered cores.

The lower end of these die-boxes is
tapered in such a way that when the
outer casting or tube is drawn down
through the table of the machine the
dies fall away automatically, leaving
the core standing upon the lower stool.

Fig. 4 shows the machine after the
cores have been formed. The two cores
at the left each have tapered prints top
and bottom, and in the illustration the
lower tapered print is standing in the
lower die. These cores are turned
over onto a former or drier which
is placed against the side of the
core, while it is still in a vertical po-
sition. After the core is turned over the
bushing forming the lower tapered print,
and which also acts as a stool, is with-
drawn from the sand. On the third ma-
chine from the left is shown a straight
or parallel core. The three machines at

Fig. 2. — Set of Cores.

the right all show chambered cores .
These also have to be turned on to spe-
cial driers or pans. Cores with tapered
prints can also be dried on end standing
in the stool which forms the lower part
of the die on the machine. These stools
are exceedingly simple in construction
and can be made in quantities on an an-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

51

tomatic screw machine so that they fur-
nish very convenient core pans.

The machines with all of the dies in
place ready for ramming cores are shown

general practice in his own foundry Mr.
Wadsworth is using a black core com-
pound as the principal binder. For wet-
ting down he is using glutrin, and he

Hg. S.— -Wadsworth Machii.es to be Shown at Detroit.

in Fig. 5, and it will be noted that the
vent rods project above each one of the
dies, thus insuring a clear vent through
the entire length of the core. The
vent rods are drawn up out of
the cores before the dies are stripped
down. In the case of the three machines
shown at the left the stripping of the
tube or die through the table of the
machines leaves the upper thimble for
forming the upper tapered print stand-
ing on the core. This is picked off by
hand and is shown at the left of the
machines in Fig. 4.

The mixtures for use on this machine
have to be somewhat different from
those employed in the screw type of core
machine. In general, these mixtures ap-
proach more nearly those used in mul-
tiple core boxes in turning out work by
hand. Any good grade of core oil can
be used as well as linseed oil, and a
considerable portion of old core sand
could be introduced into the mixture.
Mr . Wadsworth has found the best re-
sults are obtained when the batch is
made in one of the Wadsworth mixing
mills, as the grinding action of the rolls
improves the bond in the sand. In the

has experimented with several different
grades of linseed oil and core oil, all of
which have given very fair satisfaction.

UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN
FOUNDRIES.

A census of the foundry industry of
the United States and Canada made by

census in HRKi showed 0,108, so that the
net increase in four years is 480. In
compiling the figures each plant was re-
garded as a unit, though there might be
several departments. Counting each
foundry department as a unit — there be-
ing many cases where gray iron and brass
foundries are operated by one company,
sometimes with a connected malleable or
steel foundry — the total for the United
States and 'Canada is 9,158. The total
number of foundries producing gray
iron castings is 5,1'57, as compared with
5,101") in 1908 and 4,956 in 1906. The
plants melting non-ferrous metals ex-
clusively, including brass, bronze, alumi-
num, etc., number 1,240, against 1090 in
1908, an increase of 144. Brass foun-
dries operated as departments of worl?s
number 2,318, making the total number
of brass foundry operations 3,558. The
number of foundries making castings in-
to which aluminum enters is found to be
1,679. The increase in malleable and
steel foundries is noteworthy. The total
number of malleable castings plants is
now 178, of which 168 are in the United
States. The total for the United States
and Canada in 1908 was 153. The num-
ber of steel foundries is 265, against 211
two years ago.

Fig.

-Machines Ready for Ramming Cores.

The Foundry shows a total of 6,594
foundries on April 1, 1910, against 6,366
in 1908, a net increase of 228. A similar

CENTRAL RAILWAY CLUB.

The regular monthly meeting of the
Central Railway Engineering Club, To-
ronto, was held on May 17. J. Jay
Dunn, chief engineer of the Shelby Steel
Tube Co., Ellswood City, Pa., gave
an interesting paper on "Seamless Steel
Tubes." He described the manufactur-
ing processes and the properties of steel
tubes.

It was decided that the annual club
picnic will be held at Beavorton Beach
on June IX. A special C.N.R. train
will convey the club and friends to
Beaverton Beach. President Duguid oc-
cupied the chair.

Fig. 4.— Wadsworth Machines After Cores have 'wen Formed.

Lawrence L. Anthes, of the Anthes
Foundry Co., Toronto, is home from a
business trip through Western Canada.

Annual ^Convention of Foundrymen at Detroit, June 6 to 1 0

The 1910 Convention of Allied Foundry Associations at Detroit Promises
to Eclipse all Previous Conventions — Canadian Foundrymen Should Attend.

Preparations by the Detroit committee
for the coming' convention of the Amer-
ican Foundrymen are being made with
the view of having everyone who at-
tends this convention, leave "the city
where life is worth living" with the re-
mark "this convention is the best yet."

To further the plans and to assure
the proper entertainment of the ladies
accompanying the members, a dinner
will be given at the Fellowcraft Club on
Monday evening, May 16th, for the
committee, chairmen and members of all
local committees, together with their
wives, to discuss ways and means to
further the plans for this part of the
entertainment.

In the reception and entertainment
work for the convention the Detroit
ladies will occupy a prominent position,
particularly at the time of the theatre
party and the automobile ride around
the city which will be given for the vis-
iting ladies.

The programme which will be gotten
up will be full to overflowing of just
the proper information to aid the visi-
tors in getting around the city and en-
joying the sights to the very best of
advantage, and will in itself be a sou-
venir worthy of being taken home and
placed among the treasures of happy
days.

Some unique features and surprises
are promised by the chairman of the

JOSEPH T. SPEER, PITTSBURG.
Vice-President A.P.A.

ARTHUR M. WATERFALL. DETROIT,

President A.F.A., Detroit Foundrymen's Assoc,
and Local Convention Coram.

entertainment committee at the smoker
to be given on Tuesday evening of the
convention.

Every means is being used to create
the proper enthusiasm among the local
Foundrymen, and to this end a dinner
will be given on Thursday evening, May
19th, by the Detroit Foundrymen's As-
sociation, to which every Foundryman
in Detroit, together with all those iden-
tified with the foundry or supply inter-
ests in any way is bidden. It is hoped
at this dinner and meeting, which will
be followed by a lecture with lantern
slide pictures, that many ideas and sug-
gestions may be brought out which
will aid in the good work.

Chairman F. T. F. Stephenson deliv-
ers a lecture on Saturday evening, May
14th, before the Foundrymen's Asso-
ciation in Cincinnati.

Secretary C. E. Hoyt, of the Foundry
and Manufacturer's Supply Association
is in Detroit, and will remain there,
except at short intervals in Chicago,
until after the convention. He has al-
ready 30,000 square feet of space sold,
for the exhibits, and all indications
point to the banner convention of the
association.

Dr. Richard Moldenke, secretary of
the American Foundrymens' Associa-
tion, will be in the city on Monday,
May 16th. He will deliver a lecture
with lantern slide pictures before the
Pittsburgh Foundrymen's Association
on June 2nd or 3rd.

Vice-President Eugene W. Smith, of
the A.F.A., also President of the Foun-
dry Foremen of America, recently or-
ganized a Foundrymen's Association in
St. Louis, and we are advised that 40
of their members will arrive in Chicago
on Sunday, June 5th, and will come
from there on the special train with the
Chicago delegation.

The Commandant of the United
States Navy Yard of Brooklyn, has ex-
pressed a desire to send his Foundry-
men, together with an officer to the
Detroit Convention, and a cordial in-
vitation has been extentded to have
these people present.

The Sessions Committee are rapidly
getting their programme in shape, and
it is expected that the discussions fol-
lowing the reading of most of the pap-
ers will be most interesting, it being
thought that the programme is excep-
tionally good, and it has been the aim
of this committee to bring out stronger
than ever the educational feature of the
convention.

All delegates are requested to be sure
to have membership cards with them,
as this will facilitate registration at
headquarters.

The commissioner of the Central Pas-
senger Association has arranged to
have an agent stationed here at the re-
gistration headquarters at the State
Fair Grounds, so that all tickets may
be validated and taken care of, without
going to any other place, and causing
unnecessary inconvenience.

The Michigan State Building at the

DR. RICHARD MOLDENKES,
Secretary American Foundrymen's Association.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

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Plan View of the Exhibition Buildings, Detroit, and the location of Exhibits.

54

CA X A 1) I A X M AC IN \ K V. V

Fair Grounds, where the sessions of the
convention will be held is beautifully
located, with large verandas on both
floors, and will be an admirable place
for the ladies to congregate and visit,
if they do not care to attend the ses-
sions as closely as the gentlemen.

The Detroit committee is working
hard, we might say day and night, and
it is hoped that they will not be dis-

Only about 17,000 ft. were in use at the
Cincinnati convention, therefore the
idea that the Detroit convention is to
be the banner one of the organization,
appears to have a firm foundation.

The Detroit local committee has pro-
vided a set of lantern slides dealing
with convention matters, which will be
loaned to any Foundrymen's organiza-
tion in the country that sees fit to use

//

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3 t!

VIA.IN BuruDiiMQ

■
1

1

~1

Horticultural Building.

Plan View ol Exhibition Buildings.

Administration Building.

appointed in the attendance. The gates
are wide open, and the key thrown
away, so there is no danger of being
locked in or out, but we are satisfied
that no pleasanter spot in the United
States can be found for a week's so-
journ, and it will prove a happy vaca-
tion to those who attend the conven-
tion.

Temporary Building.

The Foundry and Manufacturers' Sup-
ply Association has decided to use a
tent for temporary building at the con-
vention and Secretary Hoyt has made
an arrangement for a tent 30 feet in
width and -whatever length may be
found necessary. The present tent is

them. Application for these slides,
which are all properly labelled and with
data to go therewith, should be made
to Frank T. F. Stephenson, chairman
of the local committee, at once, as sev-
eral Foundrymen's Associations have
already requested the use of those
slides.

The Exhibits.

The illustrations show the layout of
the buildings, and the names of the
various exhibitors who will attend the
convention. The Administration, Main
*md Horticultural buildings will houso
the exhibitors. The Michigan State
Fair Grounds offer every facility for
the convention. They are reached by

Plan View of Temporary Building, Showing Location of* Exhibits.

120 feet in length, and the ends can be
winged out to any desired extent. A
heavy timber partition will be put
down the centre of the tent, thus mak-
ing the back wall for each exhibit, and
the aisles will be laid on each side.

Over 30,000 ft. of floor space has al-
ready been asked for this conv'*"ti<m.

the Woodward Ave. cars, whieh run di-
rect to the fair grounds.

Dixon Crucible Co. at A. F. A.

The Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jec

sey City, N..T., will exhibit at tlirenm
ing convention of the American Foun-
dryuwt) to be held this year in Detroit

The exhibit will include a display of
crucibles, stoppers, nozzles, sleeves,
muffles, skimmers, stirrers, retorts,
graphite bricks, special crucibles for
patent furnaces, foundry facings and
motor brushes. Representatives from
the various branch offices will be in at-
tendance.

Foundry and Manufacturers ' Supply As-
sociation.
President, F. N.
Perkins, Freeport,
HI.; Secretary, C. B.
Hoyt, Lewis Insti-
tute, Chicago, 111.;
Treasurer, J. S. Mc-
Cormick, J. S. Mc-
Cormick Co., Pitts-
burg, Pa. The objects
of the Association are for the
commercial and technical education of
iron and metal industries by co-
operating with all foundry and man-
ufacturing interests in making an an-
nual exhibit of supplies and equipments
in conjunction with the meeting of the
American Foundrymen's Association.

American Brass Founders' Association.

President, Wm. K.'
Webster, Bridgeport,
Conn.; Secretary and
Treasurer ; W. M.
Corse, 1155 Sycamore
Street, Buffalo, NY.
The objects of the As-
sociation are for the
educational welfare of the metal in-
dustry.

TOOL STEEL FROM IRON ORE.

Tool steel at an initial 9 6-10 cents
per pound has been produced direct
from iron ore by J. W. Evans, Belle-
ville, in a small electric furnace of 150
lbs. capacity. The steel was tested at
Hamilton and McGill University, Mon-
treal, with excellent results. At Belle-
ville, where the furnace is installed,
electric energy costs $50 per horsepower
per year. The cost per pound men-
tioned above is based upon this rate for
power, and includes all charges, such a9
depreciation, briquetting, etc., etc.

Mr. Evans first produced tool steel
direct from titaniferous iron ores in the
electric furnace in 1906, and since then
lie has been following up the work per-
fecting the work to make it useful
commercially.

The value of Mr. Evans' work has
been recognized by the Canadian Mining
Institute. During its recent annual
meeting, the following resolution was
passed : "Resolved, that the Institute
desires tn express its appreciation of
the results achieved by J. W. Evans
in his electric furnace, and regrets that
illnoss prevents his attendance at this
meeting,''

CANADIAN MACHINERY

55

WILLIAM R. WEBSTER, BRIDGEPORT.
President A.B.F.A.

N. K. B. PATCH. TORONTO.
Chairman Papers Comm.. A.B.F.A.

C. E. HOYT. CHICAGO.
Secretary M. & M. S. Assoc.

R. R. MITCHELL. MONTREAL.
Vice-President. A.B.F.A.

F. M. PERKINS, FREEPORT.
President F. & M. S. Assoc.

EUGENE W. SMITH.
President Associated Foundry Foremen.

W. M. CORSE, BUFFALO,

• Secretary A.B-F.A.

II. S. BUCH. PITTSBURG,
Vice-President, F. & M. S. Assoc,

DR. FRANK T. F. STEPHENSON,
Chairman Local Comm. A.F.A.

56

CANADIAN MACHINERY

DE LA MOTTE HENRY.
'hnlrman Ladles' Committee.

JAMES S. KEIOHTLY.
Chairman Reception Committee.

FREDERIC B. STEVENS.
Trca«. Local Comm. Allied Foundrymen'B As-
sociation.

Hotel Pontchartrnin, Headquarters A.F.A.
A.B.F.A.

and

W. W. SLY MFG. AT DETROIT.

Among the exhibitors at the Detroit
Convention A.F.A. and allied associa-
tions, will be the W. W. Sly Mfg. Co.,
Cleveland. W. W. and W. C. Sly are
popularily known as the "cleaning mill"
men, their tumbling mills being a special-

w. w. SLY.

President W. W. Sly Mfg. Co.. Cleveland.
New Radial Drill. Mueller Mch. Tool Co.. Cin-
cinnati.

W. C. SLY.
Seoy. and Treas. W. W. Sly Mfg. Co.

ty with them. Mr. W. W. Sly is a dog

Juicier and the Sly dogs (thoroughbreds)
are well known among his friends.

EDWARD J. WOODISON. DETROIT.
Chairman Entertainment Comm.

Steamer

'Britannia". Excursion Boat for Con-
vention.

Opportunity is represented as hav-
ing long hair in front and being bald
behind. He may be grasped when he
oic-etf you, but not after he passes.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

57

POUNDRYMEN'S CONVENTION
PROGRAMME.

The following Is the program of the con-
vention of the American Foundrymen's As-
sociation and allied organizations:

Opening Session, Tuesday, June 7, 10 a.m.

Addresses of welcome.

Response.

Presidential address, Arthur T. Waterfall,
for the A. K. A.

Presidential address, Wm. II. Webster, for
the A. B. F. A.

Secretary and treasurer's report, W. M.
Corse, for the A. B. F. A.

Secretary and treasurer's report, Dr. Rich-
ard Moldenke, for the A. F. A.

"Acetyltne-Oxygen Repairs In the Foun-
dry," with an exhibition of the art as prac-
tlcally applied, by Steelman Stephenson, of

I H milt.

Second Session, 2 p. m.
American Brass Founders' Association.

"Analyses of Lead In Brass Alloys," by C.
P. Carr. New York City.

"Fluxes as Applied to the Brass Foundry,"
by Wm. R. Sperry, Bridgeport, Conn.

"Use of Magnesium in Deoxidizing Alum-
inum Alloys," by H. M. Lane, Cleveland.

3 p.m.

American Brass Founders' Association.

"Foundry Efficiency," by Benjamin D. Ful-
ler. Cleveland.

"The Personal Equation in Accidents," by
Thomas D. West, Cleveland.

"The Permanent Mold." by Edgar A. Cus-
ter. Philadelphia, llllustrated by lantern
slides.

Evening.

Backer, given by the Detroit Foundry-
men's assosoiatlon to members of the allied
associations at the Night Guard Armory.

Theatre party for the ladies at the Temple
i heatre.

Headquarters for visiting ladles at Parlor
H. of the Pontchartraln hotel, where mem-
bers of the ladles' committee of Detroit will
be present at all times to give the necessary
assistance and Information to the visiting
ladies.

Third Session, Wednesday, June 8, 10 a.m.
American Brass Founders' Association.

Address on "Brass Foundry Practice," by

I. Jones. Pittsburg, Pa.
"Electric Power Required to Melt Brass,
Bronze, BtO.," by Prof. J. W. Richards, South
Bethlehem, Pa.

'Kleei.ie Furnace* for Melting Non-Fer-
rous Alloys," by a. L. Marsh, Detroit, Mich.

11 a.m.
American Foundrymen's Association.

Report of Committee on Chemical Stand-
ards for Iron Castings, by Prof. J. J. Porter,
I 'ineinnatl.

Physics of Cast Iron," by H. M. Lane,
1 Ml eland.

Wednesday Afternoon, 2 p.m.

Pleasure boat ride on Detroit river, steam-
er Itrltluiiia, stopping at Semet-Solvay coke
ovens, and lietroit Iron & Steel Co.'s blast
furnaces, continuing down the river to see
the government work on Livingstone chan-
nel.

Fourth Session, Thursday, June 9, 10 a.m.

American Brass Founders' Association.

"The Value oi the Association to Its Mem-
bers." by Prank T. F. Stephenson, Detroit.

"Co-Operative Course of Metallurgy." by
Prof. J. J. Porter, Cincinnati.

I and Cost Systems Applied," by C. R.
Stevenson, New York City.

11 a.m.
American Foundrymen's Association.
"The Khoekless Jarring Machine," by Wil-
li -wis. Philadelphia.

"The Universal Principle of Efficiency and
Rational Organization Applied to Foundry

I'l'aetlee," |,V S. I >. Mmi'1'HOII anil \V. J.

Powers, New York City.

Thursday, 2 p. m.

Anlo, uobile sight seeing trip an. and points
of Interest for the ladies, starting from
Hotel Pontclnirlraln.

Fifth Session, Thursday, 2 p. m.
American Brass Founders' Association.
I'ntinlshed business.
Election of officers.
New business.

3 p. m.
American Foundrymen's Association.
Report of committees.
i "iinished business.
Election of officers.
New business.

"Overhead Tramrail Systems for the Foun-
dry." by A. W. Moyer, Philadelphia, Illus-
trated by lantern slides.

"The fflleetric Furnace," by H. M. Lane,
Cleveland, llllustrated by lantern slides.

Sixth Session, Friday, June 10, 10 a, m.
American Foundrymen's Association.

"Foundry Transportation Methods," by
David Gaeltr, Cleveland.

Report Committee on Industrial Education,
by I". Kreuzpolnter, Altoona, Pa.

"Specifications for Foundry Coke," by Dr.
Richard Mnldenke, Watchung, N.J.

Discussion of continuous conveying methods
and foundry mixer.

Adjournment.

HE GOT THE JOB.

"Norman MacLean, Foreman," print-
ed in large letters on the door of the
little office overlooking the machinery
department, looked as if he had gotten
along well in the world. He wasn 't in
the office when I called, but glancing
over the shop I saw him showing two

How He Got the Job.

young fellows how to attack a new job,
mid decided to wait until he was free.

I just got seated when an old
fellow, covered with grime, came in Ccom
the foundry with a message. I said
good-day to him and we talked of the
(Feather, etc. Then the talk drifted
to Norman MacLean, Foreman. The old
man was quite familiar with things
around the place and remembered when
"Norm" started to work.

I hadn't heard how Norm got his Brat
job, and was interested in hearing the
edd man tell 'he story. Norm couldn't
and wouldn't plow and left for town to
find a job, That much I knew. There

comes a time to most of us when we must
approach the "boss" for a job, and it is
usually a very timid applicant that meek-
ly asks the high and mighty man for a
job. There is a certain "art" about get-
ting a job, and Norm evidently meant to
secure one at the first place he called.

On reaching town he at once made his
way to the Harte Engineering Works,
where he approached the "boss." The
boss was not in a particularly quiet
frame of mind. His "What on earth
are you good for?" somewhat surprised
Norm, and his answer somewhat surpris-
the boss. "I want to be foreman here,
but since that position is filled, I'll be
content to be one of his assistants."

The boss looked him over and hesitat-
ed. There was some more talk ending
with the boss telling him, "If I call you
back before you reach the pavement, I'll
give you a job."

Norm was resourceful. He walked out
of the little office and started for the
door of the works. Then he hesitated.
He had an idea. On the floor, lying
close to the door was a new die stock
tli.it had just been delivered.

Norm looked back at the little office
saw the foreman was looking, picked
up the die stock on his shoulder and
ran for the works door. Of course, the
foreman was after him in a second,
shouting to bring the die stock back.

Norm walked back, took off his coat,
looked at the boss, and asked what ho
would do. The boss looked him over
for the second time and said "Youngster
I'll hire you," and that is how Norman
MacLea.i began his career in the shops in
which he is now foreman.

Factory expenses can vary tremen-
dously. Repairs is an especially elusive
item. By keeping repair accounts se-
parately, when old equipment, poor
piping, wiring and machinery art prov-
ing expensive, the accounts will show
at once that it is wise to roplace old
equipment with new.

Pure cement, one manager has found,
mixed neat with water shows a slight-
ly alkaline chemical reaction, and has
proved a .good preservative for steel
and iron when applied to such surfaces
with a paint brush. It is necessary
that the coating be continuous if this
method of rust-proofing is to prove
satisfactory.

One manager includes the item of
packing expense in shop cost instead of
grouping this item with the selling ex-
penses. While most concerns follow this
latter procedure, this manufacturer be-
lieves that since his warehouse is his
stockroom and nothing is packed except
orders and no crated stock appears on
the inventory, the packing expense can
logically be a part of shop cost.

58

CANADIAN MACHINERY

PATTERN MAKING KINKS.
By F. G. C.

There are many things in pattern mak-
ing which appear trifling, tut whieji
really are of the greatest importance
and chief of these is the fillet.

We all know how much the appear-
ance of a pattern or casting is improved
when nicely rounded instead of sharp
at the edges, and with all the corners
filletted. We also learn by experience
that the moulder has much less trouble
drawing such a pattern from the sand.
But the greatest reason for filletting all

ABC

Fig. 1. — Strength of Castings.

corners wherever possible is for max-
imum strength with minimum weight
whither iron, steel, brass, bronze or
any other cast metal be used.

This difference of strength is shown
clearly in Fig. 1. A represents a cast-
ing having sharp corners. When the
metal crystallizes after being cast the
crystals form into a kind of grain run-
ning at right angles to the face of the
casting; and, wherever a sharp corner
occurs these grains become broken, leav-
ing a bad spot as shown at b, thereby
making the casting weak across the line
c-d. But if a fillet is put in the pattern
as shown in the section B at the corner
c. then we will get a casting as shown
at C, without having any irregular crys-
talization as in section A.

A good illustration of the faulty re-
sults that may happen where sharp cor-
ners are allowed to exist is shown in
Fig. 2. The cylinder shown at A was

-d

C_i

mm \sM

Fig. 2.— Results of Sharp Corners.

cast with sharp corners and a square bot-
tom. When the pressure is applied to
the interior of the cylinder the head b
will be forced out, as shown in the illus-
tration, the break occuring along the
line c-d and e-f. If this cylinder had
been cast as shown in Fig. 2-B with a

round end, it would be proportionately
strong all over, and, in fact, the end
would be even stronger than the sides
which withstood the pressure in the cyl-
inder a.

The best fillet material is wood,
whether put on from a strip or worked
out of the wooden pattern. For irregu-
lar curves, the leather fillet is best,
fastened to the pattern with aihellac
rather than glue, as the glue often gives
away when the pattern is put in the
wet sand. Then for small, very irregu-
lar patterns, we can use beeswax, in its
pure state or in composition with tallow,
rosin, linseed oil and red ochre or whit-
ing, making a dark or light fillet or pat-
tern filler, as the case may be. The
formula for one of the compositions is:
1 quart linseed oil, 7 pounds beeswax, 7
pounds of whiting, and 1 pound of rosin,
the whole heated in a pot till thoroughly
mixed and applied when warm.

Wood, leather and metal fillets are on
sale in every city, so require no com-
ment, but the wax filletts are usually
made by the pattern maker. A very con-
venient way to make them is to take
a small piece of brass tube about 1J"
inside diameter and about 8" long, se-
curing a cover on one end with a round
hole or an opening, the shape of a leather
fillet, if so desired. Inside have a
plunger secured on the end of a threaded
rod, about |" diameter, which passes
through the cover on the other end,
which must be removable (a screwed on
cap is best to permit the warm wax so-
lution to be poured in and forced
through the small hole at the bottom.
The i" threaded rod which screws
through the cap is usually squared on
the projecting end, suitable for turning
with an ordinary hand brace.

The wax fillets when cold are pressed
into the corners of the pattern by means
of a warm iron, which is rounded to
make the proper size fillet from mater-
ial used.

CANADIAN RAILWAY CLUB.

A. A. Maver, Master Mechanic of the
Grand Trunk, was last night elected
president of the Canadian Railway
Club, Montreal, to succeed H. H.
Vaughan.

The election of officers went by ac-
clamation, the report of the nominat-
ing committee being unanimously ac-
cepted, and resulting as follows :

President — A. A. Maver, master me-
chanic, Grand Trunk.

Vice-president— A. A. Goodchild, au-
ditor of stores and mechanical accounts,
C.P.R.

Second Vice-president — James Colo-
man, superintendent of the car depart-
ment, Grand Trunk,

Secretary— James Powell, box 7, St.
Lambert near Montreal.

Treasurer— S. S. Underwood, chief
draftsman of the Grand Trunk.

Executive committee — Messrs. A. L.
Grayburn, 3rd vice-pres., C.N.R., To-
ronto ; R. W. Burnett, master car
builder, C.P.R. , Montreal ; H. C. But-
ler, C. Kyle, general master mechanic
eastern lines, C.P.R., Montreal ; Wil-
liam McNab and F. Ditchfield, Supt.
Dominion Car & Foundry Co., Montreal.

Auditors— Messrs. H. A. White, J. S.
Johnstone and G. I. Evans.

Some discussion arose as to the ad-
visability of putting this surplus, which
amounts to $2,905 this year, to some
practical use instead of leaving it to
draw interest in the banks. It was pro-
posed by A. A. Goodchild that this
fund should be utilized for the estab-
lishment of a reference railway library
in connection with the club.

This idea met with immediate approv-
al, and on motion of Mr. Goodchild, it
was decided to authorize the new presi-
dent to appoint a committee to look
into the matter and report at the next
general meeting.

As soon as this business was con-
cluded, S. King, of the Canada Car
Co., called H. H. Vaughan, the retiring
president, to the front and presented
him with an engraved gold past-presi-
dent's jewel, which was duly acknow-
ledged by Mr. Vaughan amidst applause.

A brief address by Grant Hall, presi-
dent of the Western Canadian Railway
Association, of Winnipeg, closed the
formal proceedings. These were follow-
ed by a smoking concert, at which
piano solos were given by N. Eiehorn ;
Scotch songs by Mr. Ferguson ; instru-
mental selections by Messrs. Wilson
and Smith ; songs by Messrs. Rice
Clark and Armstrong, and some inter-
esting card tricks by "Doc" Ware.

The Detroit Foundry Supply Co., De-
troit and Windsor, have closed several
agencies for foundry equipment for Can-
ada. One of these is for the Anthony
Co., New York, manufacturers of Nebu-
lyte Crucible Oil Furnaces. These will
be manufactured in Windsor. They use
a fine spray as atomizer, combustion is
excellent. The life of the crucible is pro-
longed 50 per cent, and it will melt brass
with % gallon to 1O0 lbs. It is a noise-
less furnace. Another agency is for ad-
justable eccentric clamp. A third is for
an aluminum snap flask.

J. Walter Keith, formerly treasurer
of the Frost & Wood Co., Smith's
Falls, Ont., has accepted a position in
Calgary, Alberta.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

INDUSTRIAL and CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargment of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
ts of Railways, Bncges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.

59

Foundry and Machine Shop News.

The John Deere Plow Co. are erecting
a 100,000 block at Saskatoon.

The C. P. R. will build a new roundhouse
and machine shop at London.

Bennett & Phelan, brass and bronze
founders, Montreal, have been registered.

M. H. Braden was awarded the contract
for a $2j,000 garage for the Northern Auto-
mobile Co., Fort William.

The Vancouver Exhibition Association have
decided to erect a new Machinery Hall to
cost $20,000.

M. H. Braden, of Fort William, has been
awarded the contract for the new C P R
shops at that place.

The machine shop of John Ballantyne &
Co., Preston, together with the pattern
rooms, was burned on May 26.

The Morrisburg Tack Mfg. Co., Morrisburg
Ont., after the erection of the tack factory
will erect one for the manufacture of nails
Heinbuch & Kischell. machinists, Strat-
ford, Ont., have dissolved, George Hein-
buch will continue alone under his own
name.

The Denis Wire & Iron Works Co. have
been authorized by the Dominion Govern-
ment to increase their capital from $51000
to $100,000.

The Canada Cycle & Motor Co., Toronto
is In its busiest season and reports a de-
cisive demand over hist year for bicycles
and automobiles.

The Eastern Canada Steel & Iron Works
wil erect a plant for the manufacture of
structural steel for buildings, bridges etc
at Quebec.

C. H. Macmillan, In charge of the Bethle-
hem Steeel Works is rejoining the staff of
the Dominion Iron and Steel Co., as assistant
general manager.

W. Minto, Jr., has taken over the bicycle
and machine shop business conducted for
some years by George J. Barrett at Frederic-
ton.

The Silliker Car Works, Halifax, have at
present six hundred hands on their pay roll
and the company are running a double shift
—day and night.

The Waterloo Mfg. Co., Wateiloo, manufac-
turers of steam engines and threshers, is go-
Ing into the manufacture of gasoline engines
extensively, for western trade.

W. G. Chater, manager of the Hespelor Ma-
chinery Co., Hespeler. Ont.. has returned
from an extended trip through the west In
the interests of the company.

The Corbet Foundry & Machine Co., Owen
Sound, is enlarging. To carry on the In-
creased work the company has been Incor-
porated with a capital of $40,000.

The Atikokan Iron Co. will build 100 more
ovens In connection with the blast furnace
plant at Port Arthur, and will increase the
capacity from 100 to 150 tons of pig iron per

The Maloney Mono-rail System Co have

been organized with a capital of $200,000

»„ Is s,tated that shops wi" be erected

iU^ner7i.';t. ^Vls' Toronto' ottawa *"<*

The Canadian locomotive Works King-
ston, have received an order for 25 locomo-
tives for the Grand Trunk Pacific, and 10
for the Grand Trunk. They are all of the
mogul pattern.

i T,h,e ?• J' Barker Co.. of Picton, Ont., will
build a large addition to their stove foundry
A new furnace for smelting iron, has been

hfn td VI* fif,y Per cent- more capacity
than the old one.

wlrif. TW *Pl1nt of the Mounted Steel
Works, is to be started Immediately at
Longue Pointe. Que., and it Is estimated
that nearly two million dollars will be spent
within two years.

One of the buildings of Hillls & Sons'
foundry Hartftur. on the Campbell road was
BUtted by Ore this morning and the firms
','ss '' Mtrmated al $7. mm ,„• tg.ooo beyond
'i'" •>" ii of Insurance.

The Umdon Concrete Machinery Co. Lon-
don, have acquired a large section of land

on Kitchener avenue, East London, where
they will erect new buildings, enlarge their
plant and employ forty more men.

The Kootenay Engineering Works Nel-
son, will remove their plant to Vancouver
in June. Manager B. C. Travis has decided
to engage in marine repair work, which he
followed for years In Portland before com-
ing to Canada.

J. & J. Taylor, safe manufacturers, Toron-
to, have been steadily Increasing their work-
ing force during the spring and now em-
ploy about 300 men. They have extensive
orders on hand and are completing the ex-
tension to their plant.

At a conference with the Council of the
Board of Trade, Quebec, May 18, the assur-
ance was given by Hon. S. N. Parent, Chair-
man of the National Transcontinental Rail-
way, that the workshops of the railwav
would be located at Quebec.

John McDonald, moulder of the foundry
department of the Dominion Iron & Steel
Co., Sydney, has resigned his position with
that concern to take the post of foreman In
charge of the foundry department of the Syd-
ney Foundry and Machine Works.

Canadian American Gas & Gasoiine Engine
Co., Dunnsville, capital $150 000, to manufac-
ture business of iron, steel and wood con-
struction; directors, F. R. Lalor, W J lik-
ens, G. R. Smith, R. A. Harrison, J Brad-
ford, G. McCrea, H. M. Burgar, B. S. De-
Potty.

The Perritt Iron & Roofing Co., Incorporat-
ed under the laws of New Jersey, have been
granted a license by the Ontario Govern-
ment to manufacture and deal in iron steel
machinery, Portland cement and hardware'
J. E. Swinburne, Fort William, is appointed
attorney for the company.

The Canadian Locomotive Works at King-
ston were awarded contracts by the Temls-
kaming & Northern Ontario Railway that
will reach $1(10.000. These include the build-
ing of four powerful locomotives of the Pa-
cific type for $90,000. twelve cinder cars for
$15,000 and fifty box cars with steel frames
for $55,000.

The London Bolt & Hinge Works was sold
by auction by J. W. Jones Monday after-
noon, -for $55,000, to George C. Gibbons
acting for T. S. Hobbs, one of the present
partners. The works now employ about 100
hands. The factory, which has been closed
60 days for stock-taking, will be opened im-
mediately, and will be enlarged to double
its present size.

At the annual meeting of the Provincial
Steel Co Cobourg, F. W. Coolbough, who
has acted as manager since the Industry
commenced operations, a year ago, resigned
He is succeeded by Mr. Reeding, a former
Government Inspector of rails. Mr. Cool-
bough has disposed of his interests to Robert
Heath, of England, who now holds the con-
troling Interest In the Industry.

The Gurney Foundry Co., Toronto, have
opened their new warehouse at Toronto It
will now be possible to systemize the work-
ing of the factory by running the cast Iron
stoves through their process of manufacture
to the left, on to the new warehouse while
the steel prodmucts will work their way In
the opposite direction. The company's plant
at Toronto Junction has also been enlarged
recently.

The Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. have
placed a large order for steam turbine plant
with an English firm. The plant is for use
at their steel works at New Glasgow and
consists of two 750 horse-power Rateau pa-
tent steam turbines direct, coupled to elec-
tric generators, also one Rateau patent heat
accumulator, two sets condensing plants
with electrically driven pumps, switchboard
etc.

A factory has been started in Port Ar-
thur under the name of the Port Arthur
Cham Works by practical men from Bir-
mingham, England, who. realizing the de-
mand for chain in this country and the
northwest selected Port Arthur as the most
advantageous point at which to manufacture.

A Constant-Speed Drive

A fundamental underlying
principle of a constant-speed
drive and the mechanically
obtained speed changes incident
thereto is convenience.

Any machine so designed
as to entail the absolute stop-
page of the driving pulley, as
well as the machine in order to
change speeds by the shifting
of a tumbler gear or engage-
ment of a positive clutch does
not in any way meet the require-
ments of the case.

Friction back gears are,
comparatively, an advantage,
but the quick change so obtain-
ed is too great. Quick speed
changes should have but a slight
increment from one to another,
in order that the surface speed
of the work may be readily and
properly accommodated to the
capacity of the cutting tool.

A perfect constant-speed
drive is one of the many features
incorporated in the VERTICAL
TURRET LATHE which tend
to make it such a remarkable
machine for rapid production of
absolutely perfect work.

This feature is only one of
the many incorporated in the

VERTICAL TURRET
LATHE which is-fully illustrat-
ed in catalog C-15, which is free
for the asking.

The Bullard Machine Tool Co.

Bridgeport, Conn., U.S.A.

60

CANADIAN MACHINERY

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analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult with

The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited

18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO

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BUFFALO TORONTO

I NFORMATION

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St JoHN;N,B ' • : . VAI*0OUVtR

They intend bringing out a number of prac-
tical chain men from Birmingham during
the year.

The New Way Motor Co. Is the latest ad-
dition to Welland's Industries. It Is capital-
ized at $50,000, and will manufacture gaso-
line engines. The directors are: W. H.
Newborough, president; B. W. Goodnow, L.
M. Gleason, H. E. Thomas, C. D. Woodbury,
all of Lansing, Mich. The factory will be
the Canadian branch of the Lansing factory.
Jas. Pender, of the J. Pender Co., St. John,
manufacturers of wire nails, was In Mon-
treal and Ottawa, last month, in connection
with the patenting of an Invention of his
own developing which has been put through
most of the preliminaries necessary for its
protection. It Is an improvement upon the
present process of manufacturing wire nails
which Mr. Pender believes will be of great
value to the art.

The Positive Clutch & Pulley Works have
equipped a shop at 11-13 Jarvis St., Toronto,
where they will manufacture the combined
jaw and friction clutches, "Ideal" wood rim
steel centre pulleys and improved power
transmission appliances. These appliances
are patented in Canada and foreign coun-
tries. Thos. Hook Is president of the com-
pany; Chas. S. Hook is vice-president and
manager, and Norman F. D. Beard Is sec-
retary-treasurer.

The Wind Engine & Pump Co., Toronto,
having recently increased Its capital from
$250,000 to $750,000, is planning the establish-
ment of a plant for the manufacture of gaso-
line engines. Negotiations are in progress
with the town of Dundas, Out., looking to
the location of the industry there. An addi-
tion is being made to the company's ware-
house in Winnipeg and a new warehouse Is
being opened in Calgary, where a distributing
branch was established In January. A dis-
tributing warehouse will also be built in Re-
glna.

The Canadian Pacific machine shops at
Fort William are to be doubled in capacity.
An addition of 128 feet by 70 wide is to be
added to the present building. This will
bring the Fort William shops next to those
at Montreal, Winnipeg and Vancouver in
point of size. Tenders for this construction
are now being called for. When these en-
largements are completed Fort William will
be the headquarters of the mechanical de-
partment betweeen Chalk River and Winni-
peg. Machinery to the value of $70,000 has
been already ordered and will be installed as
soon as the building is completed.

The Poison Iron Works, Toronto, has more
work on hand than at any time during the
last three years. It has since the beginning
of the year, increased its force by over 200
men and now employs about 500. Among the
contracts now on hand are a dredge for the
harbor commissioners of Montreal, carrying a
five cubic yard bucket; a suction dredge, 22-
inch pipe, for the Great Lakes Dredging Co.,
of Port Arthur; a steel passenger steamer for
the Canadian Pacific Railway, to be forward-
ed to British Columbia in knock-down condi-
tion and put together on the Kootenay lakes;
a large new ferry for the Toronto Ferry Co.,
and several smaller orders. They have also
several orders for boilers on hand.

The plant of Hillis & Sons, Halifax, suf-
fered from a fire on May 3. It destroyed
the pattern shop and storage room, together
with part of the stove patterns and all of
the wood patterns, the accumulation of thir-
ty-five years. The machinery and power
plant were saved, and the molding and ma-
chine shops are running as usual. A large
stock of stoves was on hand in another
building, which will be sufficient to take
care of the spring business. The lost pat-
terns will be replaced in time to continue
without serious Inconvenience to customers.
The burnt building is being rebuilt as rapid-
ly as possible, and improvements are being
made which will greatly facilitate the pro-
gress to the work.

General Manufacturing News.

The Eli Sand Co., Winnipeg, will erect
a factory to cost $50,000.

The B. F. Nelson Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
will erect a factory at Reglna.

The Maple Leaf Milling Co.. Winnipeg.
I l.i ...mni'is for the building of 17

CANADIAN MACHINERY

61

elevators In Saskatchewan to the W. A.
Harper Construction Co., at $102,000.

The Dominion Oil Cloth Co. will erect a
factory at Montreal, to cost $80,000.

The Western Canada Flour Mills Co. will
build a grain elevator at St. Boniface to
cost $275,000.

The Dougall Varnish Co., Montreal, have
specifications out for a $40,000 factory at
Point St. Charles.

David Elliott, of the Elliott Mfg. Co., To-
ronto, will establish a paper box Industry
in Ashbridge's marsh.

A. A. Barthelmes & Co., Toronto, have a
permit to erect a five-storey and basement
factory, to cost $46,000.

The Trussed Concrete Steel Co. will erect
a $75,000 flour mill at Saskatoon for the
Saskatchewan Milling Co.

The James Power Co., Toronto, are seek-
ing to locate a factory for the manufacture
of motor car requisites at Ottawa. Estimat-
ed expenditure on building, $10,000

The contract for the building for the Su-
preme Heating Co., Welland, was secured by
Contractor Patton. It is anticipated that
more additions will be necessary in the near
future.

The Dominion Iron & Steel Co., Sydney,
have just placed a big contract with the
Morgan Construction Co., of Worcester,
Mass., for the construction of a new rod and
bar mill.

The box business of Wm. Rutherford &
Sons Co., and the more recently formed
Montreal Wire Bound Box Co., have been
merged under the name of the Dominion Box
and Package Co.

Negotiations are on with the Kingston City
Council, to sell a part of the city smelter
site to the Canadian Lead Mining & Smelter
Co., which desires the land for the estab-
lishment of their smelting business.

At Wakefield, Quebec, the MacLaren
woollen mill, the MacLaren grist mill, and
four houses owned by the company, were
burned, Involving a destruction of property
to the value of $50,000, nearly all covered
by Insurance.

The Sykes woollen mills Georgetown, were
destroyed by fire May 17. Manufactured
goods valued at $12,000, which were stored
ready to ship, and a quantity of valuable
machinery used in the plant were burned.
The total loss is estimated at about $30,000,
largely covered by insurance.

The Bryan Mfg. Co., Collingwood, have
prepared plans for extensions which they
propose to make to their premises. A new
dry kiln will be erected at once. The con-
tract for the equipment of this building has
been given to the Sheldon Mfg. Co., Gait.
In the fall a second factory is to be con-
structed as well as a new office building.

The H. S. Peters Co., Dover, N.J., manu-
facturers of Brotherhood overalls and kin-
dred garments, will locate in Welland. The
site is on Alexander street and a three
storey brick factory building will be con-
structed. About twenty-five hands, mostly
girls, will be employed at the start, to be
increased to two hundred. The town will be
asked to fix the assessment at $1,000 for ten
years.

Municipal Enterprises.

A by-law was voted on at Regina to issue
$280,000 sewer debentures.

The Dauphin, Man., waterworks and sew-
erage by-law to raise $175,000 was passed.

A by-law to expend $55,000 on the Ingersoll,
Ont., water works was carried by the rate-
payers.

Windsor ratepayers approved of the expen-
diture of $20,000 to induce Industries to lo-
cate there.

Chipman & Powers, Toronto, have been
asked to outline plans for waterworks at
High River, Alta.

Fernie, B.C., has decided to raise $1,900
for water extensions, $2,700 for surface
drainage and $41,000 for sewers.

A by-law to raise $27,000 will be submit-
ted shortly for the Installation of a water-
works system at Chippewa, Ont.

Amherst, N.S., ratepayers have authorized
the Town Council to borrow $30,000 for the
purpose of extending the sewerage system.

The Private Bills Committee of the Que-
bec Legislature has authorized Montreal to

borrow $5,000,000 for the establishment of a
lill ration plant.

The Campbellton, N.B., Council let the con-
Iract for bar lead, lead pipe, wrought Iron
pipe and fltttings, and brass goods to the Jas.
Robertson Co., St. John.

The Strathcona City Council will engage
Engineer A. C. Potter, of New York, to look
over and make recommendations for the best
sewerage system for that city.

A new six-mllllon-gallon turbine pump,
costing $30,000, will be among the Items In
the $375,000 bill for water extensions at
Montreal.

J. D. Whitmore, formerly city engineer
of Moose Jaw, with T. A. Murray, Is plan-
ning a new waterworks and sewerage sys-
tem for Swift Current, Sask.

The Lethbridge Council have adopted the
following estimate of expenditure oh an-
ticipated works: Sewer main extensions,
$40,000; water main extension, $67,000; sew-
er outlet, $42,000.

The Winnipeg Board of Control will call
for tenders for the following sewers and
water mains in Elm wood: Sewers — Martin
Avenue, $4,251; Tweed Avenue, $4,983; Bass-
wood place, $2,411; Sherbourne Street and
Andrews Street.

Sealed tenders addressed to C. O. David-
son, City Clerk, Prince Albert. Sask., will
be received until June 11th, 1910, for two
Return Tubular Boilers, 72 inch x 18 feet, to
maintain a working pressure of 150 pounds
per square inch.

At a meeting of the St. Johns City Coun-
cil the city engineer was authorized to ex-
pend some $38,000 in the renewal of water
mains about the city. The city is calling
for tenders for permanent street pavement,
to cost about $90,000.

James Milne, Vancouver, consulting en-
gineer for Prince Rupert, B.C., sends the
following list of successsful tenders for the
$60,000 Prince Rupert power plant: Boilers,
induced draft apparatus and steam pipes,
Goldie & McCulloch, Gait; switchboard and
exciter, Canadian Westinghouse Co.; surface
condenser and pump, John Ingles Co., Toron-
to; alternator and arc light apparatus, Cana-
dian General Electric Co., and two cross com-
pound engines to Robb Engineering Co. Gol-
die & McCulloch's tenders were submitted by
Mather & Yuill, Vancouver. •

Sawmills.

Another sawmill will be built at Naksup,
B.C.

W. -Craig will build a sawmill a,t Stone-
ham, Que.

Desrosler's planing mill, Ottawa, was
burned on May 26.

Jno. McCrea has opened a sash and door
factory at Port Arthur.

U. Boucher & Co. will erect a sash and
door factory at Farnham, Que.

The Fort George Lumber & Navigation
Co., Vancouver, B.C., will shortly enlarge
their plant.

The sash and door factory of S. Hill &
Son, Saskatoon, was totally destroyed by
fire on May 26.

The planing mill owned by John Pierson,
Stevensville, Ont, was destroyed by fire. Es-
timated loss $10,000.

The sash and door factory of H. Fauteau,
Fauteau avenue, Montreal, was damaged to
the extent of about $9,000.

The saw mill and planing mill, owned by
J. S. Deschamps, Rossland, B.C., were de-
stroyed by fire. Estimated loss, $35,000.

The Taplln Timber Co., Toronto, have com-
menced the erection of a lirge sawmill on
the shore of Lake Sasaglnaga, near Cobalt.

Fire which broke out on May 4th In Robert
Balcom's lumber and planing mills at Vienna,
Ont., destroyed the entire plant. The loss-
is partly covered by Insurance.

The National Timber & Pulp Co., Toronto,
intend to erect a large pulp mill at the
junction of the Ste. Anne and St. Lawrence
rivers, in Quebec, as well as a new sawmill.

T. Harrison, of Kenora, states that his
mill will give employment to a large force
of men this year and will be In full operation
all summer as a good supply of logs is on
hand.

Atkins & Hardy, Owen Sound, have let
contracts for their new factory for the manu-

ONE MAN

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No. 60, cuts 2' :, 3. 3M. 4. 4H, 5. and 6 inch pipe.

NOTE— That with the three tools
shown above you can thread from
1-4 in. to 6 in. pipe. No loose parts.

No. 41,lcuts 2'A, 3, 3li and 4 in. pipe.

"WARREN" DIE STOCK

(Non-recedine dies— adjustable.)
Each stock cuts two sizes. Made in four sizes

Prices $5.00, $5.50, $6.00 and $7.00.

THEY SAVE TIME AND MONEY
Write for our Illustrated List

Borden-Canadian Co.

Richmond St. East, Toronto, Ont.

62

C A \T A D 1 A N M A C 1 1 I X E R Y

BENCH

POWER PRESS

ign

Particularly adapted for small, quick
work, to take place of foot presses.

Write for Prices.

W. H. Banfield & Sons

MACHINISTS, DIE AND TOOL MAKERS

1 20 Adelaide Street West
TORONTO - - - CANADA

DO YOU KNOW

the intrinsic worth of the

IMPERIAL CHUCI1?

To give you an opportunity of proving
our claim that it is the most satisfactory
chuck on the market, we will send you
one on

30 Days' FREE TRIAL

Use it freely, test it any way you can
think of, and if it doesn't answer every
call made on it, send it back at our
charge.

We have faith in the " Imperial" —
you'll swear by it too after you have
used it and proved it.

Write us to-day.

Ker & Goodwin

Brantford, Canada

faolure of wuml fibre. The building will be
of concrete and machinery of the latest
type will be installed.

Fire broke out May 18 In one of the dry-
ing kilns of the Rider & Kithener factory,
situated on George street, Lindsay. Ont. The
kiln was full of veneer at the time. The
extent of the damage will approximate $2,-
000, partly covered by insurance.

Dickenson & Scott, New Westminster. B.
C, have almost completed the erection of
a new sash and door factory at North Van-
couver. The factory is being equipped with
the latest types of machinery for the manu-
facture of interior house finishings.

The A. R. Rodgers Lumber Co., Enderby,
B.C., will operate their mill both night and
day during the present season. Extensive
improvements have been made to the mill,
two carloads of machinery having been in-
stalled during the last two months.

O'Neil's planing mill, shingle mill and
chopping mill, Kenilworth. Ont., were totally
destroyed by the explosion of a defective
boiler. The loss of the mill at this time
will be a serious one to the owner, as he has
several contracts for the coming season.

The Emerson Lumber Co., Port Moodie,
B.C., have sold to the National Finance Co.,
3.000 feet of Burrard Inlet water frontage,
near Port Moodie, for $600,000. The Emer-
son Lumber Co. will have the use of the
property for three years to give them time
to secure a new site.

A statement has recently been issued by
the Hastings Sawmill Co., Vancouver, B.C.,
showing an exportation of 34 million feet
of lumber to foreign points this year. The
largest consumer was Australia. Chili was
the next largest customer. The value of
the product exported was $472,200.

New Companies.

The Standard Brick Co., Toronto, capital
$25,000, has been incorporated. Incorporators
are Charles A. Miller, G. J. Steele, R. W.
Pike and L. Wright.

Crown Electric Mfg. Co., Brantford. capital
$200,000 to manufacture electrical appliances;
Incorporators: J. S. Dowling, J. H. Ham, J.
Ruddy, Brantford, and F. J. Mosedale, St.
Ch3rles, 111.

Dominion Pacific Lumber Co., Montreal;
capital, $3,500,000, to manufacture and deal
in timber and wood of all kinds. Incorpora-
tors, H. A. Lovett, G. V. Cousins and P. F.
Brown, Montreal.

The Atlantic Coal Co., Maccon, N.S., cap-
ital, $290,000. to explore, work and develop
coal mines, Incorporators, R. O'Leary, Rich-
ibucto; W. S. Montgomery, Dalhousie; T.
Nagle, St. John.

The Canadian Malleable Iron and Steel Co.,
Toronto; capital $500,00<l; to manufacture and
deal in iron, steel and other metals. Incor-
porators, J. A. Brown, J. H. Alexander and
E. S. George, Toronto.

The Granville Power Co., Ottawa; capital.
$1,500,000, to work, maintain and manage
gold, silver, copper, nickel, lead, coal and
Iron mines. Incorporators, F. H. Chrysler.
C. J. Bethune, M. G. Larmonth.

Atlantic Sugar Refining Co., Montreal;
capital, $4,500,000; to manufacture, refine,
buy, sell and deal in sugars, syrups, and mo-
lasses. Incorporators, A. Chase-Cosgraia,
J. W. Weldon, E. M. McDougall, Montreal.

The A. H. Coplan Co.. Ottawa; capital
$68,000; to manufacture and deal in new and
waste metals, rubber, paper stock, babbits
and all kinds of base metals. Incorporators.
A. H. Coplan, H. Pullan and M. P. Walters,
Ottawa.

The Laurentian Chemical Co.. Mont'eal;
capital, $590,000; to produce, manufacture.
buy and sell wood alcohol, alcohol, turpen-
tine, charcoal and tar. Incorporators, A. D.
Gall, F. E. Lovell and W. Galbraith, all of
Montreal.

The Westport Manufacturing and Plating
Co., Westport, Ont. ; to manufacture and deal
in gas lighters, electrical fixtures, electro-
plating work and electrical goods. Incorpora-
tors, F. F. Dies, W. C. Whitcher, S. A. Conk-
lln, Ottawa.

Seller's Anchor Bottom Tie Plate Co., Que-
bec; capital, $100,000. to manufacture and
deal in tie plates, railway supplies and iron

aiiud st«'< 1 spccialtii-K of all sorts. Iric rpora-
tors, R. J. Mercer, S. \V. Jacobs and A. R.
I lall, Montreal.

The Dominion Estate and Mining Invest-
ment Co., Cobalt; capital, $50,000; to mine,
smelt and amalgamate, asbestos, minerals,
ores or metallic substances. Incorporators,
C. G. D. Kelley, G. F. Greener, J. J. An-
derson, Cobalt.

The Tutshi Lake Mining Co., Dawson
City, Yukon Territory; capital. $1,600,000,
to refine and smelt gold and other minerals
produced from quartz mining. Incorporators.
W. O. Oppenhoff, M. Devig and N. Krings,
Dawson City.

Blaugas Company of Canada, Montreal;
capital. $3,500,000, to manufacture, buy and
dispose of all kinds of gas. electricity, lllumi-
uciits, or any source of light, heat or pow-

Iron Castings

Any size up to 10 Tons.

TOUGH, GREY IRON CAST-
INGS, STRONG AND EASILY
MACHINED.

Every Casting Guaranteed.

Win. Hamilton Co.. Ltd.

PETERBORO, ONT.

Canadian

Hart Wheels

442 Barton St. East, Hamilton

Corundum and Emery Wheels

Grinding Machines, Bearer

Oil Stones.

OPAL GLASS TILING

POR WALLS OP

MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES

.lost approved material.
TORONTO PLATE CLAS8 IMPORTING CO'Y

PLATS AMD WINDOW SLAM
135 to 143 Victoria St.. - Toronto

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ns

er. Incorporators, M. B. Davis, J. A.
Jacobs, R. Cooper, Montreal.

The Burroughs Falls Power Co., Ayer's
Cliff, Que.; capital, $50,000, to cany on the
business of an electric light, heat and power
company. Incorporators, W. Brault, Sher-
brooke; J. O. Brousseau, of North Hatley,
Que.; W. G. Libby. Coaticook, Que.

Swanson Bay Forests Wood, Pulp and
Lumber Mills, Ottawa; capital, $1,500.00; to
carry on business as pulp, paper, timber and
lumber merchants, sawmill proprietors and
timber gTowers. Incorporators, W. L. Scott,
C. H. MacLaren and A. G. Ross, Ottawa.

The Railway Asbestos Packing Co., Mon-
treal; capital, $100,000; to develop and work
asbestos mines, and to amalgamate and treat
explosives, ores, metals and minerals. In-
corporators, A. Warrell. St. John, N.B. ; D.
Rousseau and L. Turgeon, Sherbrooke, Que.

The Red Diamond Polish Co., Ottawa, cap-
ital, $40,000; to manufacture and deal In
metal polish, stove polish and all other
kinds of polish, paints, oils, varnishes,
cleansers and fillings. Incorporators, S. E.
Adams, F. W. Birkett and C. J. Rattray, Ot-
tawa.

The Cobalt Smelter, Montreal; capital, $2,-
000,000, to explore and search for mines and
ores of every kind, and to carry on the busi-
ness of a mining, milling and refining com-
pany in all its branches. Incorporators, G.
A. Mooney, D, J. Boileau and N. Brunet,
Montreal.

Electrical Notes.

An electric light by-law was carried at
Regina.

The electric light by-law at Fort Frances
was carried.

The power by-law for $85,000 has been
passed at Stratford.

A by-law to give the electric light com-
pany a new contract was carried.

An electric light system will be installed
at Torkton, Sask., to cost $24,000.

A by-law was carried at Ingersoll, Ont., to
buy the electric light plant for $39,800.

A power house is being erected at Port
Elgin by the Sackville Electric Light Co.

An electric lighting system will be installed
in the town of La Tuque, Que., to cost $50,-
000.

Goldie & McCulloch, of Gait, were awarded
the contract for a new boiler for the Mt.
Forest electric light plant.

Walter Mitchell, of Port Stanley, will sup-
ply 600 poles for the Hydro-Electric trans-
mission line at St. Thomas.

M. A. Maxwell, of Boston, has been asK-
ed to draw plans and specifications for an
electric plant at Camrose, Alta.

The by-law authorizing the expenditure
of $25,000 for a municipal electric light,
plant at Estevan, Sask., has been passed.

The Brockville ratepayers voted the light
tnd power department $50,000 for the pur-
P"s,- of improving and extending the town
lighting system.

The Western Canada Power Co. are plan-
ning to commence the manufacture of elec-
tric power at Its new power plant at Stave
River Falls, B.C.

The Fort Saskatchewan, Alta. ratepayers
Aill be asked to vote on the expenditure of
$10,000 for construction of electric light
plant on Sturgeon river.

At a meeting of the Merritt Electric Light
A Water Co., at Merritt, B.C., it was de-
cided to install a modern electric lighting
system costing over $15,000.

The Lloydmlnster, Sask. ratepayers rati-
fied a by-law passed by the Town Council
| ranting a franchise for eight years to W.
Johnson for the operation of an electric

iiirht plant.

The Moose Jaw, Sask. ratepayers voted
In favor of street railway franchise, which
goes to a company composed of Ottawa cap-
italists. An up-to-date system will be In^
stalled at once.

The work of constructing the Niagara
Power transmission station at Woodstock
city is progressing rapidly and It Is expect-
ed that the building will be completed In
the near future.

Plans have been prepared for the develop-
ment of a water power on the Coaticook
river about a mile below Watervllle, Que.
Of this, 250 horse power will be required to

•-•'.;*•••-

ALUMINIUM

You can

now get your Al-
uminium requirement*
promptly attended to by
The British Aluminium

INGOTS, BARS,
SHEETS, RODS,
ANGLES.ALLOYS,
NOTCHED BARS,
CORNICES, WIRE,
CHANNELS, ETC.

" The 20th Century Metal"

Lightest and most adaptable of the industria'

metals. Fills a hundred purposes where

the ordinary metals fail. Saves its

^ costoverandoveragainby

OUrclientS, ^^^^^^ its lightness and easy

Co., Limited, of
London, the largest pro-
ducers in the United Kingdom

working qualities

Sole Agents for Canada : Parke &
Leith, 205 Yonge Street (Bank of
Toronto Building) - - - Toronto.

To-day get Bul-
letin "D" on the
varied use* of
ALUMINIUM
(Parke & Leith)

JESSOP'S

BEST TOOL STEEL

"ARK" High-Speed Steel

THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STEEL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOP'S HIGH-GRADE FILES AND RASPS.

80 Bay, St., Toronto, Ontario

Chas. L. Bailey, Agent.

Reid-Ne wfoundland Company

St. John's, Newfoundland.

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd
Montreal, Quobec
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.,
St. John, New Brunswick

WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

You've got to use crucibles ; are you sure you are using the
best ? Do you know you could increase efficiency in your
foundry ?

DIXON'S CRUCIBLES

have been standard for over eighty years. Think a moment
what your fifteen or twenty-five years of experience means
to you— and we've had eighty years of crucible making.
Doesn't this justify at least a trial ?

WRITE OUR CRUCIBLE DEPARTMENT.

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

JERSEY CITY, N.J.

64

CANADIAN MACHINERY

THE BEYER WATCHMAN'S PORTABLE
CLOCK

IS TAMPER PROOF
and thoroughly reliable

Shall we send

Particulars?

G. C. BREDIN, Sales Aden.

252 Dundas St. London, Canada

tecoH Dials lurnishf i tor all machine!.

.STAMPINGS 5

No matter how hard a stamping problem you
put up to us, the chances are we can satisfy
you. Many people use stampings in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.

The Silent Partner is an inter-
esting little magazine. We send
It free— when there's a reason

THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.

899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland. 0.

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Fcr general machinists* use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Our catalogue shows many
styles and sizes and is sent
free. :

The Gushman Chuck Go,

Hartford, Conn,, U.S.A.

Established 1862

operate the factory of Geo. Gale & Sons, and
the company will also light Compton as will
as VVatervllle.

New Westminster, B.C., Is looking into the
question of power supply from a falls near
Harrison. The falls are capable of develop-
ing 25,000 horse power. Three miles of piping
will give a fall of 1,500 feet.

By-laws to raise 139,000 for the purchase
of power plant, etc., and another to pro-
vide a sum of $15,000 to augment equipment
and prepare for distribution of electricity
will be submitted to the ratepayers of In •
gersoll.

The Bergmann Electric Works, of Berlin,
Germany, have established a branch office in
Montreal. They are now feeling their way
towards opening a factory for making the
Tungsten lamp. Dr. C. Rossner is repre-
sentative.

The report that the C. P. R. will electri-
fy the Crow's Nest Pass line is revived by
the statement of an incorporation of a com-
pany capitalized at $1,000,000 to develop
power from the Pend D'Oreille river at its
junction with Salmon river.

Work has been started on the construc-
tion of a concrete dam seventy feet high
across the cascafles at St. Alban, Portneuf,
where three hydro-electric units will be in-
stalled with a capacity of 750 horse power
each. Power will be distributed to eight
villages situated between Ste Anne de la
Perade and Portneuf, Que.

The Dominion Power & Transmission Co..
Hamilton, intend making a number of
changes in the operation of its subsidiary
companies. The street railway system will
be centred at the new barns that are being
built on King street east, with Fred Griffiths
in charge. A big open-air switch is being
installed at Bartonville to control the power
lines from Decew Falls.

The Western Power Co. expects to gener-
ate 80,000 when their plant is completed. The
first power is now being generated at Stone
River Falls and will be used for work in
connection with their power plant and dam
construction and for the running of locomo-
tives between Stone River Falls and Ruskin.
It is expected that power will be delivered
to Vancouver early in 1911.

The city of Vancouver has adopted a sys-
tem of lighting of the principal thorough
fares by light standards, which will be or-
namental as well as useful, and which are
something on the same pattern as those of
other Pacific Coast cities. The business
men started the movement, and will pay
for the installation of the standards, which
will total $46,908, and after they are in
place, the city will pay the lighting bill.

The contract for pole line supplies for the
Toronto Hydro-Electric System was award-
ed to the Canadian H. W. Johns-Manvllle
Co., at $1,157. Wire required for the Hydro-
Electric System will be supplied by the
Northern Electric & Mfg. Co., at 16.5 cents
a pound. The Safety Insulated Wire &
Cable Co., of New York, were awarded the
contract for laying conduits under the cross-
ings in connection with the installation of
the Toronto Hydro-Electric System.

A company in which Vancouver capital will
be largely represented is now being formed
for the purpose of establishing a large elec-
tric lighting and power plant in the upper
Okanagan valley. It is slated that plans
have been so far matured that incorporation
of the company will be completed at an early
date. The principal business of the new
company will be the construction and opera-
tion of lines of electric railway which, accord-
ing to present plans, will radiate from the
town of Vernon, B.C.

Trade Notes.

Chapman & Walker, engineers and con-
tractors, 69 Victoria St., Toronto, have open-
ed offices at 429 Coristine Bldg., Montreal.

The Holden Co., general railway and con-
tractors' supplies, has removed its head of-
fice in Montreal from 302 St. James St., to
354 St. James St.

The Dominion Wire Rope Co., at Its an-
nual meeting in Montreal recently, re-elect-
ed the directors, the organization for the
current year being as follows: — President,
F. W. Fairman; Vice-President and Man-

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

18 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mtrs. of SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patents Perfected

GEAR CUTTING, TOOL8, DIE8, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL

Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PARMENTEB BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.

Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Escutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED

OWEN SOUND/ ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kinds, Crey

Iron and Braes Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

fjv70<

^ALL KINDS —

Difficult Core Work a Specially

High Grade • Right Prices • Prompl" Delivery

SAT/STACTORr WORK GUARANTEED

THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS

256 CATHERINE: STREET NORTH

HAMILTON . ONT

PATTERNS

Patterns and Models
of any design.

All work guaranteed.
Correspondence Solicited.

JAMES SIBLEY

Mechanical Draughtsman and Patternmaker.
156 DUKE STREET. TORONTO

Phone Main, 5747.

YOUNG machinist or technical
graduate wanted to travel. Must
be good talker and resourceful.
No previous traveling experience
necessary. Splendid opportunity
for ambitious man to work into
a good position. Apply

BOX 101

Canadian Machinery

Toronto

The Effect of the Automobile Industry on Machine Tools

This Topic was Discussed before the National Machine Tool Builders' Association
— The Automobile Industry has had a Marked Effect on Machine Design.

By Robert Pierpont.

Where we are making automobiles
there is a great saving in the use of
special machinery, even if used for but
one season. The large output of one
model helps this, as we could well af-
ford to spend thirty thousand dollars to
experiment and make the tools for a
rear axle if we were making twenty
thousand cars, as it would mean only
$1.50 per car, and would save several
times that, 'but on one thousand cars it
would be $30 per car.

In regard, to special machinery de-
signed for special purposes, it has usual-
ly been considered by a salesman a good
argument to say that the entire cost of
the machine can be saved in one sea-
son's business, in comparison with the
cost of doing the same operation on a
standard machine. I am strongly in
favor of special machines, which do pay
for themselves in this way, provided they
are simple and easy to operate and not
liable to get out of repair.

We have two extremes of opinion in
regard to special machinery. A friend
of mine, who formulates the policy of a
large automobile concern, keeps selling
his old machinery to buy new as fast as
something which he thinks is better
comes out; consequently, he does not be-
lieve in very much special machinery,
as he would not be able to sell it as
readily as he does the standard tools.
Others go to the other extreme and will
buy special tools for everything, as fast
as they come out, whether there is much
of a saving or not. I hardly think either
extreme is the better policy. It seems
to me there is a large field for standard
machines somewhat simplified, to be used
for special purposes, these to be sold at
a eheaper price in quantities, but so built
that the full complement of attachments
could be added at any time desired. This
brings up a point which I wish to em-
phasize, which is "Simplicity."

Simple Machines Needed.
In Michigan we do not have all high-
class mechanics, but are forced to bring
in farmers' boys, and even the farmers
themselves, during the winter months,
and try to make machine men out of
them. A great many of the machines
which we have are so complicated that
it takes a long time for such men to
learn to operate them. With the rapid
increase of manufacturing and the great
demand for machinists, it is almost im-
possible to get enough competent men
to run the machines properly. I think

we need simpler machines with fewer
feeds and speed changes, rather than
machines more complicated and com-
plete. In the ordinary use of machin-
ery it is not necessary to have quick
change of gears, as the majority of our
men run day after day on the same piece
or cut, and in getting out pieces in large
numbers it is more advantageous to keep
a man doing a certain piece of work, as
he is apt to do better and more pieces
the longer he is at it. The adjustments
of the bearings should be simple and
easy to understand and operate. Good
foremen are getting scarce and we need
machines which will require but little
attention.

■Referring again to the gearing of the
machines, both for dtiving and speed
changes, I notice that our machine shops
are continually getting more noisy, and
I think you will all agree that when we
want a man to do a really nice job, we
get him off in some quiet place to work.
The noise of the gears running and
shifting attracts the attention of the
men from their work, and it takes them
a long time to get used to it, especially
is this true of unskilled labor. This is
another reason why I would favor a
more simple machine, which would also
be more quiet in operation.

Still another reason why I am in favor
of the special machine for doing the
work faster and more accurately is in
taking care of repair parts. The time
is already here for some of the automo-
bile manufacturers, and will come to all
of the large producers, when they will
not be able to take care of the repair
parts for outstanding cars in the regu-
lar production machine shops, but will
have to make special departments, where
these repair parts can be produced. If
we have any special machinery used in
this year's produce, but not in next, we
can turn this machine over to that re-
pair department and continue to make
these pieces at a cheaper cost than could
be done on standard machines, which
will all go to help the upkeep for the
car owners.

■I think a wise plan is, instead of sell-
ing old machinery, to which all the spe-
cial tools and fixtures have been fitted,
to turn these over to the repair or parts
manufacturing department and buy-
more new a.nd special machinery for
equipment for the coming season's car*.
I am sure you gentlemen will all agree
with me in this, as the laying aside of
the old machines and buying of new

will be fine for the machine tool busi-
ness. This, as you can see, would not
be a hardship for the manufacturer of
ears, if he buys the special machines and
tools with the knowledge that he will
more than save their cost in the sea-
son's run.

Motor-driven Machine Tools.

I imagine the question of the direct
connected, or motor-driven machines, is
receiving considerable attention at your
factories. It has always seemed to me
that special machinery, or that adapted
to doing one thing, was the ideal tool
for a direct-connected one, as the load
will be fairly constant. It very often
happens that a special tool will do so
much work that it will be necessary to
run it only part of the time. If motor-
driven it could be shut down for the re-
maining part of the day without cost.

It does not seen practical to me to
equip all standard machines with motors,
as on a standard machine, the work
varies in style, quality, and power neces-
sary to accomplish the desired result, as
at one time we might be using only one
h.p. and at others 10 to 15, or what-
ever the capacity of the machine might
be. For example, if we took a room of
twenty milling machines and equipped
them all with 7% h.p. motors, the sum
would be 150 h.p., whereas very likely
the whole room could be run to better
advantage with one 50 h.p. motor, and
we would have the difference in invest-
ment between the twenty 7% h.p. mo-
tors as against one 50 h.p.

It is a well known fact, however, that
the friction of the' line shaft and belts
is greater than the power consumed by
the required number of small motors
running idle, or the amount of current
used to run the motors themselves in
excess of the load of the machine.

In the remodeling and moving around
which we have found necessary on ac-
count of the growth of our machine de-
partments, we have been compelled to
use motor-driven machines, as they could
be placed in alomst any position, and
a great many times the room was not
suitable for the hanging of shafting. I
use the word "compelled" because I do
not think anyone would lay out a ma-
chine shop for the special purpose of
making automobile parts with the idea
of using all motor-driven machines; or,
in other words, not have a piece of shaft-
ing in the building.

However, here is another example
where I would prefer a motor-driven

32

CAfcAblAK MACHINERY

machine: We will suppose, in order to
get out our output, we have to make
twenty-five pieces of a certain kind in
a daj-. Now, this operation of whatever
kind, uses a regular or standard ma-
chine, but the tooling is special; and al-
though it' takes but 2% hours to do the
operation on the 25 pieces, on account of
the difficulty in changing over the ma-
chine and the size of the piece, it is im-
practical to do more than that number
per day. Now, although this is a stan-
dard machine, I should wish it motor-
driven, as the power used to drive the
countershaft, etc., with the wear and
tear on belts for the remainder of the
day, would more than offset the cost of
the motor.

Character of Drive.

I may be mistaken, but I have always
thought that the single pulley drive came
as a natural result after the motor drive.
Not from necessity, but just because it
was very easy to put a pulley on where
the motor was connected.

There are a number of machine tools
built, which, under certain conditions,
can remove an enormous amount of stock,
but the jobs are very few on which we
can use a machine to the limit of its
power. On the great majority of pieces
that go to make up an automobile, if we
held the piece tight enough to remove
the material as fast as the machine will
cut it, we would spring the piece all out
of shape. If we do not spring it in hold-
ing, it will spring when we let it loose.
I have very seldom seen in actual use a
cone-driven machine whieh would not do
the work as fast as the piece or fixture
would allow it to be done. As the single
or greared machines must necessarily
cost more money and wear and tear on
the whole machine is greater, I am in-
clined to believe that in a few years we
will, most of us, be of the opinion that
the single belt geared drive was not the
success which we had expected.

It is not many years since the cutting
tool, or steel man, came around and told
us that his steel would stand more than
the machine was able to do, but I have
not heard that remark passed in the last
two or three years, which goes to show
that the machines themselves have been
perfected beyond the tooling point. It
is all very well for a manufacturer to say
that his machine will remove so many
cubic inches of stock a minute, but in
actual practice that does not interest us
as much as to have a machine run 365
days in a year, if need be, without re-
pair, and do one piece after another
with perfect accuracy. As you see, I
am not a very strong advocate of the
single pulley drive over the old cone
type.

Automobiles do not seem to be get-
ting much cheaper in price, but we are

giving more horse-power for the same
money. The tendency is toward larger
bore and longer stroke engines, which
mean larger and heavier motor parts
throughout. This, of necessity, is re-
flected through the whole car. The re-
quirements all along the line will be for
heavier machine tools to take care of
the increase in size and horse-power of
the cars. We used to think that an en-
gine with a 5-ineh bore was a large car
and mostly for racing purposes. In
1 looking over a list of some of the Am-
erican cars, I find there are forty-four
makers of cars using engines with 5-inch
bore or larger for the present, or 1910
season, in standard touring cars, and I
feel sure that there will be more next
year.

Milling Machines.

I think some fine milling machines are
being built. They are very powerful,
and have all kinds of feeds and quick-
change gears for feeds, speeds, etc. Now
these same machines are just like the
universal milling machine, except that
the table does not swing. As only a
small part of the work done on a uni-
versal miller requires the moving of the
swinging table, the machines are knee
type and to all intents and purposes uni-
versal. As a rule, we use universal ma-
chines chiefly for tool work. The ques-
tion I wish to raise is this: Do we need
all of these attachments and feeds in
the same machine? Why not make them
optional?

Lathes.

The same thing applies to lathes. We
buy lathes with all kinds of quick-change
appliances, feeds, stops, etc., but do we
really need them, or do we buy them be-
cause you force them on us against our
will? We do, however, like the wide,
heavy carriage, the large bearings and
rigid tail stock. A lathe used to be a
simple machine; it was one of the first,
if not the first, on which we started the
apprentice to work. Take a walk
through almost any automobile factory
and notice the character of the work the
men are now doing. Notice how often
they use the change gears, etc., in get-
ting out a large quantity of work. You
are getting lathes to a point where they
are almost universal in scope, I do not
think we want a shop full of universal
machines, the greater part of the at-
tachments on whieh will never be used.
As it is now, it is like buying a universal
grinder with all the attachments, extra
spindles, etc., and putting on it work
that should be done on the ordinary
plain grinder. This would be the height
of folly, for we would be getting no re-
turn whatever for our extra investment,
and I am forced to look at some of the
so-called standard machine tools which
are being built at the present time in'
this light.

It is rather hard for us to expect the
average man who cannot even read a
micrometer to turn out accurate work on
a complicated machine. We have been
tied down to the old-established preced-
ent that every lathe called for a large
and small face-plate, steady rest, etc.,
but I think if we had lathes built that
could be bought either with or without
plain rest, compound rest, quick-change
gears, or screw-cutting attachments, aud
still have these attachments so they could
be procured and put on at any time, it
would save us considerable money on
our investment.

There is very little work we finish on
a lathe now. No matter whether it is
straight or taper, inside or outside, we
invariably leave a little to grind, whe-
ther it is to be hardened or not. This
makes the lathe only a roughing machine
at the best, but it must be able to rough
accurately and true, in order to leave a
uniform amount to grind or finish.

The newer crank-shaft turning lathes
have proven very satisfactory. A num-
ber of us have tried grinding from the
rough, but have given it up one after
another. We may start off with drop-
forged cranks near enough to grind out
readily, but the dies wear, and we have
trouble, and eventually, come back and
rough turn them on the lathe. I think
it will be a fine thing when we can finish
them in a grinder from the rough in an
entirely satisfactory manner.

Grinders.

The manufacturers of plain grinders
are moving in the right direction by
making their machines heavier. 'High-
speed machinery must be heavy and
stand firmly on the floor or foundation
in order to be satisfactory. I do not
think it pays to be saving with your
iron in the designing of grinding ma-
chinery. The whole machine, bed, table,
wheel carriage, etc., must be very heavy,
enough so, at least, that it will not
synchronize with the vibration of the
spindle, or the result will be poor work.
We buy these machines and put them
to work and no doubt they do not get the
attention they should, but we expect
them to do good, accurate work, although
they may not be adjusted to a fine point
at all times. The same holds true in all
classes of grinders, internal, as well as
external, and with the large milling cut-
ters and tools we have to grind — I think
the tool and cutter grinders might be
made heavier without losing any of their
efficiency.

We are using water grinders in new
ways more and more and find they give
the cheapest finish, as well as the best
and most accurate. This applies to soft
parts as well as hard ones. They save
quite an item in float files and emery-
cloth. A large part of the different

CANADIAN MACHINERY

pieces that go to make up a first-class
automobile have operations on them in
.the grinding departments at some time
before they are finished and ready for
the stock room. We want in the future
to finish more and more from the rough
casting or forging without any previous
or roughing operation. This applies to
round as well as flat surfaces.

Drills.

In the way of drilling and vertical
boring machines, we have used, and shall
continue to use, still more multiple and
special tools. While we now drill ten,
fifteen or twenty holes on one side of a
piece, I see no reason why we should
not be drilling as many more on the
other side at the same time, just as we
mill or turn a piece on two or three sides
at the same time. These speeial and
multiple drills make a very, nice pro-
position for motor-drive, as the load is
very even. High-speed twist drills are
used by almost everyone, and all drill-
ing and boring machines should be ar-
ranged to take care of this.

We are using the gang drill press in
successive operations to good advantage,
and on large and long holes are getting
a very cheap production, as one man can
run a number of presses in one gang or
set. Strong and accurate interchange-
able tools and fixtures, that would be
almost, if not quite,, universal in scope, .
for holding the pieces to be machined
would be an added inducement for the
purchase of the drills if they could be
furnished in this way.

The engine cylinder has had more spe-
eial machinery built for it than any other
part of the car, but the crank case which
carries it seems to have been neglected,
except in the matter of multiple drills. I
think there is a market for some hori-
zontal boring and reaming machines with
two or three spindles, having movable
centres for boring out crank and trans-
mission cases. On a crank case for an
L motor we require two bars, and on a
T motor ease three bars for the crank
shaft and cam shaft holes. As it is
now, we buy a horizontal drill and have
to equip special driving heads to run
these bars and this also shortens the
space on the bed of the machine. If such
machines are made, I do not know of
them and will say we are in the market
for two or three right now.
Screw Machines.
On the automatic screw machine we
want greater production with accuracy.
We also want machines which require the
minimum of repairs. In the hand screw
machines we are looking for new and
original ideas for holding and tooling the
pieces for chuck work and second opera-
tion. Some of the large bar machines
are going to prove to us that they can
make gear blanks cheaper from the bar

than from the forging. The turret ma-
chine builders have the right idea in en-
abling us to buy the bare machine or
with as many outfits or tools as we re-
quire.

Gear Cutters.

Regarding gear cutters I do not think
of anything other than what I have said
in a general way. I do think, however,
that someone should get up a machine or
attachment for grinding rotary gear-cut-
ters and hobbs, after they are harden-
ed, so that they will be absolutely cor-
rect. It might make the cutter more ex-
pensive, but with the increased wear we
get from high-speed steel they would be
well worth the money.

Special Machinery.

As I have already told you, I am in
favor of special machinery for doing
one thing and that well and quickly^ I
will give you only two or three examples
which perhaps you will not think of. We
are all using square holes more or less
in our transmission gears. There should
be a good sale for a machine to bore out
a round hole into a square one, within
a reasonably close limit. This could be
done either -vertically or horizontally and
does not seem to me to be a very diffi-
cult operation. We would be willing to
run a sizing broach" through if it were
necessary, but when we have to broach
out a long sliding gear hub made from
high-grade alloy steels from the round
hole, it is a long and seemingly unneces-
sary operation.

There are an enormous number of cot-
ter-pin holes to be drilled in the ends
of bolts and studs. I do not see why
we should not put them into a hopper
and have them come out all drilled auto-
matically. The same is true of cast-
leated nuts. I do not see why these
should not be slotted by an automatic
machine, as well as threaded.

Then we have the square shafts that
fit in the same square holes. These should
be ground with a form or master doing
the flats and corners all in one operation,
and in the same manner in which we are
now grinding the cam shafts. After
machines of this character have been per-
fected, I do not see why they should not
be standardized and sold as such.

AUTO SECTION OF C. M. A.

The Canadian automobile manufactur-
ers have formed a branch of the Cana-
dian Manufacturers' Association, their
object being the promotion of the auto-
mobile industry in Canada. The follow-
ing executive committee was elected: T.
A. Russell, R. S. McLaughlin, R. B.
Hamilton, Fred Sager, Hugh T. Tudhope.

The executive will elect a chairman
and a vice-chairman.

The present members are: The Ford
Motor Car Co., Walkerville; Canada
Cycle & Motor Co., Toronto; the Mc-
Laughlin Motor Car Co., Oshawa; the
Reo Motor Car Co., St. Catharines;
the Tudhope Carriage Co., Orillia; the
E. M. F. Co., Walkerville; the Domin-
ion Motors, Ltd., Walkerville; the Regal
Motor Car Co., Walkerville; the Ken-
nedy Motor Car Co., Preston.

MONTREAL BRANCH, C. M. A.

Lieut.-Col. Robert Gardner, of the
manufacturing firm of Robert Gardner
& Son, Limited, president of the St. An-
drew's Society, has been elected to the
chairmanship of the Montreal branch of
the Canadian Manufacturers' Assn.,
for the ensuing year. Col. Gardner has
for several years taken a very active
part in the work of the association. He
was first elected to the exceutive commit-
tee in 1901, and has sat as a member of
that body continuously since 1904, tak-
ing a prominent part in its deliberations
and a keen interest in all that pertained
to the welfare of the Montreal branch,
and the association as a whole.

RAPIDS PRINCE LAUNCHED.

The John Inglis Co., Toronto, have
launched a new passenger steamer,
Prince George, for the Richelieu & On-
tario Navigation Co. The Rapids
Prince carries twin screw triple expan-
sion engines with cylinders 12£ inches,
20 inches, and two 22 inches diameter,
by 16 inches stroke. Steam is supplied
by on© Scotch boiler, 14 feet 8 inches
in diameter, 12 feet long, with the
Howden system of forced draught and
a working pressure of 170 pounds. There
are six feed pumps and a vertical jet
condenser. The boat is equipped with
steam and hand-steering apparatus. It
is lighted with electric light supplied
by a Westinghouse direct connected 22
kilowatt generator of 250 volts. -

CLUB FOR EMPLOYES.

The Massey-Harris Co., Toronto, in-
tend securing and operating a club-
house for their employes, where tea
and coffee could be served ; a place, it
is presumed, where the men could
smoke and take their ease, offering all
the inducements and companionship of
a hotel, with none of its drawqacks.

James D. Grant, formerly of the
order department, Frost & Wood Co.,
Smith's Falls, has accepted a position
with the P. Burns Co., Calgary. He
was presented with a gold watch by the
Frost & Wood office staff and foremen
before leaving for the west.

Interior Dominion Bridge Works, Toronto, Showing Facilities for Handling Material.

Solving Transportation of Material in Machine Shops

The Dominion Bridge Co. have Solved the Problem in their Toronto Works by
Installing Jib Cranes, Two Narrow Gauge Tracks and a Standard Gauge Track.

There are several ways in which mar
terials may be transported from depart-
ment and through a machine shop. In
the accompanying illustration is shown
a series of jib cranes and tracks success-
fully used at the works of the Domin-
ion Bridge Co., Toronto.

The shop is longitudinal in design and
the work passes progressively through
from the east to the west end where it
is ready to be shipped. When new
stock . arrives it is brought into the
shop on the standard gauge track and
deposited at the east end. On the left
in the view shown, are the Newton cold
cut-off saws where the larger shapes are
cut to lengths for the work for which
they are designed. The smaller shapes
are cut off on the Henry Pels machine.
This machine is very rapid in operation
and with the aid of a jib crane the
shapes are quickly cut off to length
and transferred to the next machines.

The shapes arc next marked, punched,
assembled, riveted and painted. In
passing the work along the traces and
cranes are used. On the north s:de it
is possible to pass the work along al-
most the whole length of t.iic shop.
Opposite the air riveting machinery
near the west end one crane has been
omitted, but could be easily installed
jf desired or if found necessary.

On the south side opposite this point
is the air riveting apparatus. An
overhead trolley equipped with an air
hoist is installed and by utilizing this
the work could be passed along from
east to west end of the shop without
depositing the work on the floor.

The narrow gauge tracks are used for
passing the work along, the cranes be-
ing utilized for the machinery, and
marking and assembling operations.
When the work is completed a car may
be shunted into the shop and the fin-
ished product loaded on the cars, the
jib cranes being found useful tools for
loading.

This arrangement is very efficient,
the cranes being at the service of the
operators at any time. The trucks,
which may be seen, in the foreground of
the illustration, are in sufficient num-
bers so that there is no delay waiting
for material.

PROBLEMS OF THE FUTURE FOR
THE ENGINEER.

In a paper on "The Apprenticeship
Course and the Engineering Graduate,"
published in the Electric Journal for
April, Chas. F. Scott, consulting engin-

eer of the Westinghouse Electric & Mfg.
Co., says in part : —

"Modern industrial life consists not
merely in machinery and factories, pro-
cesses and systems, but it includes the
human element and brings together in
a single organization and into a single
community, men of all grades and types.
To know these men, how they work and
how they think, to understand their point
of view, is an opportunity which the
young engineer should not miss. The
larger and more difficult industrial prob-
lems which will come up for solution
during the next generation are not those
of machinery, but of men. It is this
relation which underlies much of the in-
dustrial, social and political unrest of
the present. The coming engineer will
have more and more to do with the hand-
ling and direction of men, and further-
more, his education and training, his
natural relationship to industrial affairs,
supplemented by a first-hand knowledge
of conditions and of men, should make
the engineering profession a useful in-
strument in working out the problems of
modern life which are very largely the
outcome of the new conditions which en-
gineering itself has produced."

CANADIAN MACHINERY

35

Semi-Annual Mechanical Engineers' Convention

Atlantic City Meeting, May 31 to June 3, 1910— Many Important
Papers were Read and Discussed : " Comparison of Lathe Head-
stock Characteristics," "Improved Methods in Finishing Stay-
bolts and Straight Taper Bolts for Locomotives," Etc., Etc.

At the sixty-first semi-annual conven-
tion of the American Society of Mechani-
cal Engineers, at Atlantic City, several
important papers were read. These in-
cluded a paper on the stockless jarring
machine, described in the February is-
sue of Canadian Machinery. Prof. Wal-
ter Rautenstrauch, of Columbia Univer-
sity, gave a paper showing a comparison
of lathe headstock characteristics.

Lathe Headstock Characteristics.

Many machines on the market have
been redesigned to make the most effi-
cient use of high-speed steels. These
tools can be compared on many bases,
but the one which the author believes
the most satisfactory is that establish-
ed on the basis of those characteristics
of speed and torque which permit _ the
most economical removal of shavings
from a given class of material and a
comparison of the speed and torque ac-
tually obtained with the standard char-
acteristics will serve as a means for judg-
ing the efficiency of the headstock. In
any machine a definite relation must ex-
ist between spindle speeds and accom-
panying torques that the machine may
be adapted to efficient weight removal on
all diameters of any material. The torque
resulting from taking a cut varies direct-
ly as the diameter of the piece operated
on and to keep the standard surface
speed best adapted to the tools employ-
ed the spindle speed must be increased.
The spindle speed varies inversely as
the diameter of the work, and where it
is desired to remove a maximum weight
of shavings, the product of the speed
and the torque should be a constant and
the ideal speed-torque diagram is an
equalateral hyperbola. The diagram
may be used to determine the proper
relations which should exist between
spindle speeds and torque in a new de-
sign of lathe and also to determine the
extent to which the speeds and torques
of a lathe already designed conform to
this standard. A number of lathes of
different makers were selected and speed-
torque diagrams plotted for each. An
investigation of these diagrams showed
that increasing the number of speeds re-
gardless of the torque does not neces-
sarily increase the lathe's adaptability
to economical performance and that the
amount by which the efficiency can be in-
creased is not proportional to the addi-
tional speed changes provided.

In the discussion of this paper Carl
G. Barth spoke of the use of slide rules
in calculations regarding lathes. With
reference to gears he stated that the

pitch diameter d for a 60-toothed gear

60
can be made equal to S — by the Brown

62
& Sharpe formula, allowing the outside
diameter to be equal to the pitch dia-
meter of a gear of two more teeth : 7.7 S
is then the strength of the gear. Tools
of proper cross section should be one-
thirtieth the diameter of the swing.

A formula for the horse-power requir-
ed by a lathe is often wanted; a good
one he offered is one-third of the^swing.

A paper was read on "Improved
Methods in Finishing Staybolts and
Straight and Taper Bolts for Locomo-
tives," by C. K. Lassiter, of the Ameri-
can Locomotive Co., Richmond, Va.

Finishing Staybolts.

The staybolts in a boiler, more than
any other part, are subjected to destruc-
tive stresses. These bolts were formerly
cut to length, drilled for centres and
threaded in engine lathes, but as this
method was expensive, bolt cutters were
substituted. The introduction of the lead
screw in bolt cutters brought about a
considerable improvement in pitch. The
idea of concaving the bolts or reducing
them in the centre below the root of
the thread was conceived with the idea
of providing flexibility, and for many
years the diameter of the bolt was re-
duced in an engine lathe after it was
threaded in t'he bolt cutter. About ten
years ago an automatic machine was de-
signed for making side stays from the
bar automatically, including threading
and concaving. In the drilling of stay-
bolts, considerable trouble has been
experienced with drills breaking a,n.d an
automatic machine for drilling the holes
before the stay is placed in the boiler
has been devised, which has reduced the
cost of this very considerably. The
usual method of finishing straight and
tapered bolts required a number of op-
erations, but this has been changed by
the use of a special vertical multiple
spindle drill and a special cutter head.
The latter is the essential means of
producing these bolts cylindrically true
to the axis, the machine being simply the
means for driving and feeding the bolt.
In connection with this special cutter a
device has been perfected for performing
the threading operation at the same time
that the turning is done.

E. D. Meier, discussing this paper,
emphasized that in 'boiler parts too good
a material cannot be used.

Another paper of interest was one by
H. L. Gautt on the mechanical engineer's
relation to the textile industry.

Mechanical Engineer and Textile Indus-
try.
The textile industry has been brought
to a high state of perfection without the
aid of the mechanical engineer, and its
machinery was developed by the me-
chanic before the mechanical engineer be-
came a very important factor in the in-
dustrial world. The most important field
of this industry that the engineer has
entered is the power department. In
this industry a wider gap exists between
the financial interest which controls, and
the help that operate, than there is in
almost any other industry. The textile
schools at the present time are doing
much to fill this gap by supplying men
who can act as a link between the two
interests. The lack of such men in the
past is undoubtedly responsible for some
processes, such as handling cloth in a
bleachery, which could be easily stan-
dardized and done automatically, being
still performed expensively and ineffi-
ciently by hand. One of the specific
things which the author has in mind is
the forming of the pile where the cloth
is "soured." The piles are formed by
hand, and for subsequent processes por-
tions of two piles may he joined to form
one. The pieces of cloth thus become
mixed and must be untangled.

To do this work more efficiently and
less expensively the author has develop-
ed a machine consisting of an inclined
chute with upturned ends and a bottom
composed of a series of freely-revolving
independent rollers. The cloth is fed
into. the stack and is carried by its own
weight to the bottom. As the fabric
rises in the receiving stack, the forward
end of the pile is forced upward into
the other end of the machine and is
taken off at the rate at which it enters
the receiving stack. These machines pro-
duce a marked saving in time and also a
saving in the amount of floor space re-
quired.

Line Shaft Hangers and Bearing Im-
provement.

This paper by Henry Hess, president
of the Hess-Bright Mfg. Co., Philadel-
phia, has for its object the description
of a special hanger, and the results ob-
tained from tests made on it.

The Sellers type of hanger, while well
adapted for use with plain bearings, was
not found practicable with ball bearings,
'because the spherical sections outside the
box for it to rock on were too flat for
the large diameter of the box containing
the ball hearing. After laying out a
number of forms of hanger on paper, a
design was finally evolved, in which the
box is supported and pivoted horizontal-
ly. The body proper is of channel sec-
tion and is attached by a single bolt at
each end. The bearing box is a central
cast supporting ring bored to fit the
outer race of the ball bearing and pro-
vided with cover plates at the sides.

36

CANADIAN MACHINERY

This arrangement retains the lubricant
and also excludes foreign matter. The
ball bearings are free to move endwise
in the box, but are clamped fast to the
shaft so that the inner race cannot ro-
tate. Special alloy steel is employed for
the construction of the balls and the
races.

An interesting discussion followed, the
author explaining the various points
brought up. Concerning the effect due
to dust in concrete buildings he explain-
ed that dust will destroy ball bearings
if it gets in, but it is easy to keep it out.
Ball bearings are being run on dredges
where they are 40 feet under water, and
the water is kept out and the lubricant
in by the form of bearing used. The
Thompson Meter Co. has a concrete
building in which no trouble is reported
from dust. In a marble works ball bear-
ings are running without any trouble,
and in textile mills they are able to
operate without any trouble from lint.

The heating of ball bearings is due to
mechanical work imposed by misalign-
ment. Its effect is not -very evident in
ball bearings. There is but a very small
rise of temperature in a ball bearing
even with an exceedingly heavy over-
load. Ball bearings will reduce friction
60 to 90 per cent. Lubrication and drip
are partly taken care of by enclosing the
bearing. The space for lubricant is so
large and the amount required so small
in ball bearings that they will run from
three to five years without replenishing
of oil. It is not a question of the last-
ing of the lubricant, but its gumming,
and, all things considered, it is advisable
to look after such a bearing at least once
a year. Regarding the best method of
supporting bearings in concrete 'build-
ings, the author referred to practice in
a German plant, where they have placed
cast iron channels in the ceiling with T-
slots and about 3 feet apart, running
lengthwise of the building. Across these
other channels can be clamped, permit-
ting the locating of hangers anywhere.

CANADIAN STEEL COMPANIES.

•"The Steel Company of Canada" is
the name chosen for the large Canadian
steel merger, which includes the Hamil-
ton Iron & Steel Co. ; Canada Screw Co.,
Hamilton; Montreal Rolling Mills, Mon-
treal; Canada Bolt & Nut Co., with works
in Brantford, Toronto, Belleville and
Gananoque. The company is capitalized
at $25,000,000, with headquarters in
Hamilton. The provisional directors:
Robert Hobson and C. S. Wilcox, of the
Hamilton Steel & Iron Co.; Cyrus Birge,
Canada Screw Co.; Lloyd Harris, Can-

ada Bolt & Nut Co., and W. M. Aitken,
of the Royal Securities Co., Montreal,
who represents the new holders of the
stock of the Montreal Rolling Mills.

Improvements to the extent of $1,500,-
000 will be made. The officers of the
merger are : C. S. Wilcox, of the Hamil-
ton Steel & Iron Co., president; Cyrus
A. Birge, of the Canada Screw Co., and
H. S. Holt, representing the Montreal
Rolling Mills, are vice-presidents; and
Robert Hobson, of the Hamilton Steel
& Iron Co., is general manager.

The valuation at which various com-
panies included in the Hamilton merger
were taken over is given as follows: —
Hamilton Steel & Iron Co., $9,300,000;
Canada Screw Co., $4,000,000; Canada
Bolt & Nut Co., $2,100,000; Montreal
Rolling Mills Co., $7,650,000. The pres-
ent capitalization of the Steel & Iron
Co. is about $3,000,000, so that the hold-
ers of stock will get three shares in the
merger for every one they hold in the
company.

President Plummer, of the Dominion
Steel & Coal Co., confirms the report
that the Dominion Co. will not enter into
competition with the Hamilton merger
by erecting nail and screw mills. This
is in return for the concessions made by
the Hamilton merger in giving up the
name and probably deciding not to erect
a rod mill at Hamilton. The merger of
the Dominion Steel & Iron 'Co. and Do-
minion Coal Co. will be known as the
"Dominion Steel Corporation."

The statement that the (Dominion Wire
Mfg. Co., Montreal, is to be included in
the Hamilton merger is officially denied
by the president, W. H. Farrell. Nego-
tiations were on but no agreement could
be reached, so the company will not join
the merger. There has also been some
talk of the United States Steel Cor-
poration taking over the Dominion Wire
Mfg. Co., the two interests being very
friendly.

The work of the additions to the
works of the Lake Superior Corporation
is progressing favorably. It is expected
that those now under way will be com-
pleted by December, 1910.

St. Paul capitalists are about to estab-
lish a steel plant and smelter near Cow-
ley, Alberta. Winnipeg capitalists have
turned over immense coal and iron de-
posits near Cowley to the syndicate, and
the latter has taken an option on iron
deposits for $250,000. The ore is mag-
netite, adapted for manufacture of steel
The Western Steel Corporation, who
are to establish a plant on the outskirts
of Vancouver, plan to erect blast furn-
aces, rolling mills, bolt works and nail
a,nd screw mills. In connection with
the steel works the company will lay
out a townsite on ground situated close
to the plant. The projected town will

be patterned on general lines after the
famous creation of the United States
Steel Corporation at Gary, Ind.

RE-ROLLING OLD RAILS.

About four or five thousand tons of
steel rails have just been re-rolled by
the Provincial Steel Co., Cobourg,
Ont., for the I. C. R., and at the pre-
sent time from fifty to one hundred
tons of rails are being turned out daily.

These rails were purchased by the In-
tercolonial Railway from the old Ship
Railway between Fort Lawrence and
Baie Verte. They were then placed in
use on the I. C. R., and were after-
wards torn up and sent to Cobourg to
be re-rolled. The rails formerly were
of the one hundred and ten pound var-
iety, and have been reduced to eighty
pounds. They were laid on the road a
few years ago, and becoming somewhat
worn were taken up and sent to the
Provincial Steel Co., who have re-
rolled them. The Provincial Steel Co.
is one of the new industries in Canada,
and this is the first work they have
done for the Government road. The
process used is called the McKenna pro-
cess. Used rails are heated and then
put through the rolls, thus making the
rails practically new, but reduced in
weight and size.

CANADIAN BOUNTIES.

An official statement of the iron and
steel bounties paid by the Canadian
government during the fiscal year end-
ing March 31 last, shows total pay-
ments amounting to $1,808,533. The
total pig iron production was 740,244
tons. On 547,063 tons made from
Canadian ore $480,763 was paid, and
on 193,181 tons made from foreign ore
the bounty amounted to $93,205. The
production of steel was 740,390 tons
and the bounty $695,762. On wire
rods $538,812 was paid for an output
of 89,802 tons. The list of recipients
was headed by the Dominion Iron &
Steel Co.

OTTAWA MINT EQUIPMENT.

There have been several additions
made to the Government Mint, Ottawa,
by James Bonar, Deputy Master and
A. H. W. Cleave, M.E., mechanical su-
perintendent. The orders were placed
with Francis Hyde & Co., Montreal, for
equipment for use in the refinery de-
partment, and includes a battery of five
King fuel oil furnaces equipped with
safety valves, etc. ; two rotary oil
pumps fitted with special gearing, suc-
tion and discharge pipes, safety valves,
etc.; one l"-h.p. a.c. motor, one 100
gal. fuel oil tank, one Sturtevant mon-
ogram blower with motor, and four
burners and combustion chambers com-
plete with firebrick.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

37

The Patent Relation of Canada to the World

A Summary of the Articles of the International Convention for the Protection of
Industrial Properties— Some of the Advantages Accruing to the Contracting States.

■Realizing that a change in the con-
ditions then extant, regarding inter-
national patent conditions, was advis-
able, in 1883, an invitation was extended
by the Swiss Government to all the
countries of the world to attend a con-
vention at Berne, Switzerland, to dis-
cuss ways and means of making any
necessary changes. This meeting gave
rise to the International Convention for
the Protection of Industrial Properties,
the signatories of the articles then drawn,
up, giving themselves that name. The
contracting states were Belgium, Brazil,
France, Gautemala, Italy, Netherlands,
Portugal, Salvador, Servia, Spain, and
Switzerland, and since that time, other
countries have come in, so that from a
report in January, 1909, the following
additional states had bound themselves
to the articles of the convention: Aus-
tralia, Algeria, Austria, Ceylon, Cuba,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Germany,
G-eat Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan,
Malta, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway,
Servia, Sweden, Tunis, Tobago, Trinidad,
and the United States of America.

The Patent Act.

Substantially, the act is as follows:

1. The subjects of each of the states
of the union shall enjoy, in the the states
of the union, all the advantages that
their own laws grant them, as regards
patents, industrial designs or models,
trade-marks and trade names. This ap-
plies likewise to a foreigner from a non-
contracting state having interests in one
of the states of the union. He is treated
as a citizen of that state where those
interests are located.

2. Any person applying for a patent,
industrial design or model, or trade-
mark in any one of these states shall, in
all the other states of the Union, enjoy
a priority of registration, of twelve
months for patents, and four months for
industrial designs or models and trade
marks.

3. The introduction by the patentee in-
to the country where the patent has
been granted of articles manufactured
in any of the others states, shall not en-
tail forfeiture; but nevertheless, the
patentee shall remain bound to work his
patents in conformity with the laws of
that country into which he is introduc-
ing these manufactured articles, provid-
ed the period allowable before for-
feiture for non-working in that country
is not under three years, commencing
from the date of application in that
country.

4. All goods illegally bearing a trade
mark or trade name may be seized on
importation into any of the contracting
states, at the request of the interested
party or government. If seizure is con-
trary to law, the goods can be prevented
from importation.

5. Each of the states reserves the right
to make any independent contract or
special arrangement with any other state
whether that state is in the Union or
not, provided that the new arrangement
does not contravene the convention
agreement.

These foregoing five paragraphs, while
by no means giving the full particulars
of the articles of the convention men-
tioned, nor of the amendments agreed to
by the convention when it met again in
Brussels in 1900, they nevertheless give
the essential working parts, for the bal-
ance of the report deals with the de-
tails of carrying out the ideas embodied.

In view of the simplicity of the agree-
ment, does it not seem strange that Can-
ada, one of the coming countries of the
world, does not belong to this Conven-
tion when practically all the countries
of the world, both great and small have
identified themselves with the movement.

'Some time ago a committee of the
Canadian Manufacturers' Association
was appointed to investigate the matter
and they brought in a report unanimous-
ly in favor of Canada becoming a par-
ticipant, but apparently the matter has
been let drop with the result that no ac-
tion has been, taken in the matter.

There are many advantages that would
accrue to Canada from being a member
of that Union. If a citizen of one of the
contracting states desires a patent all
that is necessary for him to do is to file
an application with his own home gov-
ernment, and if it doesn't conflict, it is
granted and his patent is not only pro-
tected in his home country under the
patent laws of that country, but it is
also protected for the period of twelve
months in every other state of the union
under the same laws as his home pat-
ent.

It is a well-known fact that to protect
a patent in the principal countries of
the world is a very expensive undertak-
ing, costing in the neighborhood of $600,
depending on the number of countries
where protection is desired. Under the
laws of the union, the patentee can
manufacture and market his goods for
the space of twelve months and thereby
find if there is to be a sale for his pro-

duct, having, so to speak a "trying-out"
period. If his article does not find a
sufficient sale to warrant the expendi-
ture of protecting his patent in the other
countries at the end of the allotted peri-
od, he is saved the expense of having
done so originally. •

This allowance of twelve months' grace
permits of the patentee's product be-
coming so established in that foreign
country that in many instances a patent
would be unnecessary there.

Another value of the union lies in the
fact that a prospective patentee will go
where he can obtain the greatest protec-
tion at the least expense. This has a
tendency to take otherwise Canadian
patentees across the line where the pro-
tection of the union is afforded. This is
made possible by the first article cited.

These instances show that Canada
would derive a benefit if she will only
participate.

In 1900 Canada did apply for admis-
ion; but she was refused on the ground
that her patent laws would need revising.
All the principal countries of the world
had laws that would conform, or were
made to conform, besides the numerous
smaller countries, behind whom Canada
does not want to lag. Yet, while she
was refused on that ground, and while
the Canadian Manufacturers' Associa-
tion has reported in favor of it, no
movement has been instigated tending
to their revisal. It would be an inestim-
able boom to the manufacturer, and
would no doubt help to promote inter-
national trade.

MANUFACTURERS AT PT. ARTHUR

G. M. Murray, secretary of the Cana-
dian Manufacturers' Association, has
completed arrang-ements with the Port
Arthur authorities for the entertain-
ment of the association on Sept. 12.

They -will arrive in Port Arthur at
10.30 a. m. on two trains, and will be
taken to the top of the new Canadian
Northern Railway Hotel, from which a
panoramic view of the harbor and city
will be had. Afterwards they will se-
parate into two parties, those wishing
to go over the dry docks and the lum-
ber mills, which are to the north of the
city, and those wishing to visit the
blast furnace and the Canadian North-
ern elevator. Boarding separate trains
they will be conveyed . to these indus-
tries, and upon returning, at 12.30, they
will be tendered a luncheon on the hill
crest.

At 2.30 p.m. they will embark on the
yacht "Sigma" and be taken for a
trip around the harbor, after which they
will again enter their trains and pro-
ceed west to the annual meeting at
Vancouver at 8 o'clock.

38

CANADIAN MACHINERY

'Beaver" Quick Changing Chucks and Collet Sets

Some Interesting Tools Manufactured by the Hamilton Tool Co — The Collets
are Designed for Rapid Interchange of Drills, Reamers, Counterbores, etc.

The accompanying illustrations show a
chuck and set of collets designed for the
rapid interchange of drills, reamers,
counterbores, etc., with the result that
they have succeeded in practically con-
verting a single-spindle machine into a

when grasped between the forefinger and
thumb and pulled outward the catch is
instantly released, thus freeing the collet
and tool from the chuck, which still re-
mains firmly in the spindle. A spring
steel wire firmly seated in a groove

Fig. 1.— Drill Chuck and Collet, Hamilton Tool Co., Hamilton.

multiple spindle, as the collets and tools
can be changed instantly while the ma-
chine is running at high speed. There
is nothing to catch or shock the operator.
These tools are made of high-grade tool
steel throughout. , They are simple in
construction, positive in operation, and
have proven great time-savers.

A self-contained device releases the
collet and tool instantly, requiring nei-
ther hammer, wrench nor key to operate.

The chuck is fitted with a Morse taper
shank of the required taper to fit the
machine spindle and is bored so that
each collet of the set will fit snugly into
it.

The collets are bored to take tools hav-
ing either Morse taper or straight
shanks, as required. Lengthwise of the
collet shank is set in, a strip of steel,
which is kept in position by means of a
spring. On this steel strip is a catch,
which, when the collet is engaged, fits

around the collet prevents the knurled
ring from coming off when being pulled
outward to release the collet.

The sliding pin in the end of the collet
is a very simple and most effective method
of knocking out tools.

Fig. 3.— Drill Collets. Hamilton Tool Co.

To engage the collet grasp it by the
knurled collar and push into the chuck.

To disengage the collet grasp it by the
knurled collar and pull straight out from
the chuck.

These chucks and collets are manufac-
tured by the Hamilton Tool Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton, Ont.

Fig. 2— Drill Chuck, Hamilton Tool Co.

into a groove on the inner side of the
chuck, thus holding the collet and tool
firmly in position. The inner side of
the knurled ring is so constructed that

TECHNICAL EDUCATION COMMIS-
SION.

The following commission has been
appointed by the Dominion Govern-
ment : James W. Robertson, Montreal,
Que., chairman ; Hon. John N. Arm-
strong, North Sydney, N.S.; George
Bryce, Winnipeg, Man.; M. Gaspard De
Serres, Montreal, Que.; Gilbert M. Mur-
ray, Toronto, Ont.; David Forsyth,
Berlin, Ont.; James Simpson, Toronto,

Ont. Secretary and reporter to the
commission, . Thomas Bengough, C.S.R.

The purpose of the commission is to
be that of gathering information, the
information when obtained to be care-
fully compiled, and together with such
recommendations as it may seem expe-
dient to the commission to make, to be
published in a suitable report to be at
the disposal of the provinces and avail-
able for general distribution.

The commission is appointed under
the statute respecting enquiries con-
cerning public matters, and will report
the results of their investigations, to-
gether with their recommendations, to
the Minister of Labor.

The Commission will begin by mak-
ing a tour of the Dominion from the
Atlantic to the Pacific, visiting all im-
portant industrial centres and ascer-
taining by personal enquiry and investi-
gation, as well as by the hearing of
evidence, the needs of employers and
workingmen alike as respects industrial
training and technical education. Hav-
ing completed this part of its work the
commission will then visit the United
States, the United Kingdom, Germany,
France, and any other countries that
may seem necessary, with a view to
ascertaining the best methods by which
similar needs are being met, and the
work of technical education furthered in
other lands. It is expected that at
least a year will be required for this
work.

Manitoba has also appointed a com-
mission on technical education as fol-
lows : D. Mclntyre, of Winnipeg School
Board ; one representative each from
Brandon and Portage la Prairie school
boards, and from Dauphin ; one repre-
sentative of the Manufacturers' Asso-
ciation, one from the Agricultural Col-
lege, one representative each from the
Brandon and Portage la Prairie Trades
and Labor Councils, and about six from
the Winnipeg Trades and Labor Coun-
cil, and one from the Winnipeg Board
of Trade.

FOUNDRYMAN'S RULE.

The Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton, Ont., manufacturers of foun-
dry facings and supplies, are issuing to
their friends a two-foot folding steel
rule, in a nea,t leather case, making it
suitable for carrying in the vest pocket.
In addition to the ordinary uses, the
rule can be used for measuring the cir-
cumference of cones, patterns and cast-
ings. On release the rule at once re-
gains its original shape. Any foundry
foreman or superintendent may obtain
one of these useful rules by writing the
Hamilton Facing Mill Co., Ltd., on your
company's letterhead.

THE EASIEST PROFITS.

By James H. Collins.
FOUNDRY in Ohio had been so

A busy for two years that, despite
overtime work, it was constantly
behind orders from a month to six
weeks. Conservative advance estimates
of the business that was being done
placed the volume at. half a million dol-
lars, easily, and when the next annual
accounting was made the gross output
exceeded that amount. Yet it was learn-
ed that the profits for twelve months
had been less than twenty thousand dol-
lars. This discrepancy was so surprising
that the concern called in a firm of pro-
duction engineers to make a study of
the business and find out where the pro-
fits had gone. Investigation showed
that most of the loss came from conges-
tion in the moulding shop, where cast-
ings were turned out.

This foundry make a wide assortment
of machine parts for other manufactur-
ers. Its business was secured chiefly on
bids. The latter were based upon rough
estimates. With no accurate cost sys-
tem for following each order through the
plant it was necessary to use averages
calculated from last year's general cost
of labor, materials, and so forth. The
prices at which work was secured usual-
ly afforded a fair margin of profit. But
that margin was frittered away in the
processes, and for lack of a cost system
which would show actual expense on
each job it was impossible to locate the
leakage. As each job came in it was
numbered and sent through the plant in
the order of its number. Thus, a lot of
small castings would be followed by
some very heavy ones, and those in turn
by a dozen miscellaneous parts intended
for a certain machine, all handled to-
gether under the same job number. As
a result, the molders worked on a
hodge-podge of stuff, big and little being
cast side by side, and there was loss
through confusion.

The production engineers laid out a
system by which orders for several days
were classified according to size. That
made it possible to work the men on
about the same-sized castings each day,
giving the tacility that comes in hand-
ling uniform work, simplifying the hand-
ling of flasks, pouring molten metal, and
so forth. This immediately relieved the
congestion that had put the foundry be-

hind its orders. Overtime work became
unnecessary. Quality of output improv-
ed. Most important of all, it was pos-
sible to keep accurate cost records on
each job, giving a surer basis for bid-
ding.

For several weeks after this system
was installed the engineers supervised its
workings. The first definite information
it yielded sent them to the management
with suggestions about a certain kind of
castings.

"You are losing money on them ; raise
your prices."

"Oh, we wouldn't dare ask higher
prices for those," was the reply. "Our
competitors crowd us too closely. It
would put us out of business."

"Well, then, go out of business," said
the engineers. "This work will put you

THE EASIEST PROFITS.

James H. Collins, the well-
known writer of human effi-
ciency stories, has contribut-
ed to The Saturday Evening
Post a series of articles on
Business Economies. The ar-
ticle on "The Easiest Profits"
is abstracted from one of his
series, in which he illustrates
the work of the Production
Engineer.

Lack of knowledge of costs
resulted in a foundry in Ohio
losing money. A study of the
situation resulted in prompt
deliveries and a profit on the
work. The story impresses
this fact — manufacturers must
know their costs. What man-
agers, superintendents and
foremen must have is business
information if they are to
place the factory under their
charge in a position to com-
pete in this country's and
the world's markets. This in-
formation can be obtained by
studying and drawing up a
scheme of administration, by
which all the necessary data,
costs, etc., are brought to the
daily attention of the man-in-
charge.

into bankruptcy eventually, for you are
losing money on all you turn out."

Why There Were Flaws in the Castings.

Investigation in the sales department
demonstrated that contracts during the
past two or three years had been made
below actual cost of production, a con-
dition brought about by lack of know-
ledge of true costs, coupled with timid-
ity in the sales end. By sharp tactics
customers had scared salesmen into
meeting purely fictitious bids alleged to
have been received from competitors.
When prices on these castings were even-
tually raised little business was lost,
showing that the competition had been
largely imaginary, as a good deal of
competition always is. At the end of a
year this foundry was turning out three-
quarters of a million dollars' worth of
work. The plant had not been enlarged,
nor was overtime labor necessary. Yet
profits under the new system had been
brought up to more than a hundred
thousand dollars a year.

Some months after the system was
running smoothly the production en-
gineers were called in again. The foun-
dry's percentage of defective castings
had suddenly begun to assume alarming
proportions. In the finishing-rooms
many flaws were revealed despite most
careful inspection of work turned out in
the molding department, while some of
the costly machine parts sold to cus-
tomers under guarantees of quality were
coming back almost daily, showing fail-
ures. For two weeks the engineers
studied the establishment's whole rout-
ine, yet did not find anything that seem-
ed to be out of the ordinary. The char-
acter of work was just as good as ever
—better, in fact. Inspection of raw
castings was very thorough, every piece
that revealed the slightest defect being
set aside as soon as it left the flask.

The engineers were puzzled. Finally a
young chap on their staff, lately out of
college, was told to- stay at this foun-
dry until he ran the trouble down, and
he made it a point not only to work
with the men in various departments,
but to come down an hour or so before
the whistle blew in the morning. One
day he asked the superintendent a ques-
tion :

"Mr. Walker, why did that molder
over there take some castings from this

40

CANADIAN MACHINERY

pile belore be started work and place
them on that pile ?"

"Did he do that ?" asked the superin-
tendent, surprised.

"Yes— and other men did the same
thing."

The trouble was cleared up immediate-
ly. Several molders, coming in early,
had adopted the trick of lifting rejected
castings off piles set out to be weighed
and deducted from their day's work, re-
ducing the detective pieces charged
against their wages. Those detective
castings had gone into piles of work in-
spected and passed, and a number had
been shipped to customers. This is a
typical instance of the production en-
gineer's work in simplifying routine and
saving profits.

The business doctor has long been fam-
iliar to the general public as a man
called in when something is obviously
wrong in a factory or mercantile house.
Very often his service went no further
than clearing up some specific trouble.
Usually his chief interest was in account-
ing methods, and he departed after in-
stalling a card system of bookkeeping
But the production engineer takes the
whole business as his province. He tests
flue gases and coal, installs systems in
the boiler-room and saves cost. In the
engine-room he saves on lubricating oil.
In the factory he tests materials, syn-
chronizes processes, ferrets out costs,
trains employes to better methods. At
the executive end he takes routine work
oH the shoulders of the management,
and at the same time gives them more
facts about their business from day to
day. The old-fashioned business doctor
might be compared to the physician who
is called in a hurry once of twice a
year when some member of the family is
sick, whereas the production engineer i«
like the Herr Doctor, common in Ger-
many, who visits the family at least
once a month, spends part of the eve-
ning chatting with its various members,
and makes quiet studies that enable him
to keep the family in pretty good health.

One of the best-known production en-
gineers in this country began applying
card systems to business years ago,
when cards were hardly known outside
of libraries. At the outset he adapted
his cards chiefly to accounting. But
soon he became interested in extending
their usefulness. Making card-system
payrolls, for instance, led naturally to
recording miscellaneous data about labor
and Its costs on cards with different
contours. That led, in turn, to gather-
ing information about materials, proces-
ses, and so forth. By and by he woke
up to the realization that the thing
most needed in business is information-
facts about men and management, ma-
terials and methods. Ninety per cent, of
the concerns he investleated were oper-
ating on guess-work. So he began gath-
ering business facts for others, interpret-

ing them, carrying out improvements in-
dicated by them. To-day he has a large
organization.

In the Interior Department at Wash-
ington an inquiry or other bit of rout-
ine business was referred to so many
persons, with offices so arranged in a
large building, that before it was finally
disposed of it had traveled, perhaps, sev-
eral miles, crisscrossing back and forth
in a most confusing fashion. Production
engineers studied those operations exact-
ly as though they were factory processes;
platting the routes taken by business,
moving some departments nearer to-
gether and cutting others out of certain
routine. When they finished the detail
had been amazingly simplified and short-
ened. This same Government department
has one hundred and four district land
offices scattered over the United States.
The records of each office were kept in a
set of twenty-one different books, weigh-
ing upward of a hundred pounds. When
the production engineers finished with
that detail each office kept all its re-
cords in a single loose-leaf volume, so
that there were only a hundred and four
books as compared with nearly
twenty-two hundred. These ungticurs
are factory experts, and after mak-
ing a typical factory study of Hie
Interior Department, treating its busi-
ness largely as a product, they made
suggestions by which its operating ex-r
penses will eventually be cut down not
loss than half a million dollars yearly.

The Stock Room.

An old pottery, established more than
half a century, had hundreds of designs
in finished goods stored in its ware-
house. An order for one hundred dozen
pieces of a certain design was received
and the shipping clerks hunted it up in
the warehouse. Maybe they found only
half enough goods to fill the order, so it
had to wait while the plant turned out
the other half. At the same time, perhaps
five hundred dozen extra pieces cl this
particular design would be made up for
stock and stored in the warehouse in
readiness for future orders. After sev-
eral months, however, the shipping de-
partment, searching for that design again
would fail to find these extra goods, and
another order was delayed while the
plant made still more of them. This
situation was put up to production en-
gineers as a genuine puzzle, and they
solved it very simply by installing a
modern record of stock which facilitated
orders by making it possible to make up
goods before they ran short, and which
reduced the amount of stock on hand by
showing the frequency of orders for all
designs. One very important item of
saving was that effected by discarding
designs that had not been called for in
years.

In locating a disappearing margin of
profit in a large foundry it was found

that all castings turned out were figured
by weight, and bids made on that basis.
Weight is no guide to cost in such pro-
ducts, for two different castings contain-
ing just the same quantity of metal may
be of such unlike character that the la-
bor cost of one may have actually been
twice that of the other. This foundry
was operating under a cost system that
made it dangerous to raise the quality
of its products, for its high-grade cast-
ings were being turned out below cost,
and sufficient increase in the sort of pa-
tronage that should have been most de-
sirable would have sent it into bank-
ruptcy. The difficulty was met with a
simple cost system that kept time, wage
and material records on each job . In a
few months the old margin ot profit was
not only restored, but increased,
for the foundry secured more profit-
able contracts by being able to bid with
absolute knowledge of costs, and thus
had decided advantages over compe-
titors.

These are typical accomplishments ot
the production engineer. Yet they are
merely details. His study of a business
extends to every department and func-
tion, and his conclusions are embodied
in a complete report, usually a large,
typewritten book with blue prints,
forms and diagrams, each department
having its separate chapter, with sugges-
tions for economies. Such a report was
prepared for a Government bureau at
Washington. It contained so many sug-
gestions for saving time, work and ex-
pense that the bureau chief had to ask
Congress for a special appropriation to
put the more important suggestions in-
to operation. While he was waiting for
his appropriation, however, he saved two
hundred thousand dollars a year by car-
rying out some of the minor suggestions.

In another case the production en-
gineers went through a large mill, mak-
ing their report, and when it was sub-
mitted they called the president's atten-
tion to a little detail of accounting re-
form, the loss-and-gain account.

"Shortly you are going to be very
much interested in this account," said
they, and the president found it true.

Up to that time his plant had been
operated wholly on information derived
from an annual inventory, as is the case
with many other concerns. This mill
turns out several different kinds of goods.
Going in the dark from one year's end
to another, the president might be under
the impression that he was making more
money than last year, only to find that
he had made less. Even if he gained in
profits it was never definitely known
which kinds of goods had earned the ex-
tra money, while if a loss was shown ho
could not certainly put his finger on tho
item that caused it. Tho year is too
largo a unit upon • which to transact
business in these times— there are only
twenty or thirty of such units in the

CANADIAN MACHINERY

4i

average business man's life at most.
When the production engineers gave him
a loss-and-gain account he had definite
knowledge of each class of goods from
day to day. Reports came from every
quarter of the mill, were tabulated, and
he could compare a given day's output
with that of any other day, not merely
in quantity, but from the standpoint of
labor, raw materials, time consumed in
processes, and so forth. If he wanted it
this information could be presented to
him in such ways that he alone knew the
whole story.

At the outset this system was regard-
ed with suspicion by foremen. Those ex-
act reports, calling for detailed state-
ments of each minute of time, every
ounce of materials and every item of
completed work, seemed a sort ol spy
system. But when results began to come
in to the president and go back to the
foreman in the shape of orders and sug-
gestions the latter became as interested
in the loss-and-gain account as himself.

In the old days, after an annual in-
ventory, if there was a gain in profits
the president would, perhaps, increase
each foreman's salary, going largely
by the number of years Tom and
John and Bill had been with the
mill. If there was a loss he called
them all together and gave them a lec-
ture on the importance of economy, dili-
gence and other abstract virtues, and
sent them back to work to find the
cause of trouble and correct it. They
had had no means of finding it, naturally
—he couldn't And it himself.

But the loss-and-gain account changed
all that. It showed definitely that on
this batch of goods, made last week, the
cost of manufacture had been three cents
per hundred higher than the cost of
identically the same quantity and kind
a month before. The foreman respon-
sible for those goods could be called in
and given a chance to explain matters.

"Why, Mr. Smith, that low cost last
month was on account of the way our
enamel worked. We never had such a
fine lot of enamel. K very thing seemed
to run like a dollar clock. But this
month we're having trouble. The last
job didn't go through as smooth."

"Well, now, suppose you experiment a
little with your enamel. Send down to
Biggs' laboratories and get a chemical
analysis. If we can get that kind of ena-
meling right along it will mean a good
deal to us in the way of contracts."

This gave the foreman something de-
finite to work upon. Under the old in-
ventory system there were a thousand or
more ra tholes down which that thii'C
cents a hundred might have disappeared
and nobody have been able to locate it.
But the loss-and-gain account showed
precisely the rathole to be investigated,
and usually the foreman succeeded in
plugging it up and trapping the rat. If

ho set a standard of quality or economy
he was hold to it. But the president
knew how great an advance such new
standards meant, and know who was en-
titled to credit. Soon there was a dif-
ferent spirit in that plant, becauso the
men know thoy were now working on ac-
curate information and that credit for
good work or blame for bad would fall
exactly whore it belonged. The engineer!
had planned a loss-and-gain account, but
what developed when it was put into
operation was a broad human principle
that facilitated management from top to
bottom.

The capable production engineer Is far
more than a systematlzor.

Nine times in ten, after making his
study and drawing up a scheme of ad-
ministration, ho stays with the latter
until it is installed and running smooth-
ly. If the new-fangled routino were all
drawn up on paper and handed to Bill
Jones In the boiler-room, with tho state-
ment that by following that method tho
company could save three per cent, of
its fuel costs, Bill Jones might not think
the matter important. But when there
is somebody right on the job to insist
that about forty dollars a week Is be-
ing wasted up the chimney Bill Jones Is
interested.

Me may also be called upon to take
charge of business enterprises on behalf
of creditors or heirs, to lay out largo
plants where capital is creating them
from the ground up, to apportion differ-
ent kinds of manufacturing among a
number of plants following a large con-
solidation, to advise as to Increase of
capital, or find tho valuation of property
in disputes or settlements.

So he is more than an expert in ac-
counting, costs, Industrial chemistry,
systems, or any other restricted special-
ty. In the course of the year he employs
many such experts, and supplements
their work with broad administrative ex-
perience drawn from manufacturing,
trading, banking, Government business.
For in dealing with production no Is
dealing with pretty much all Industry.

SHOP SECRETS.

By John R. Oodf

The shop secret is a peculiar institution.
Sometime! it is based on the idea that
if Hie other frllnw knew how we made
nnr sausage staffer, he might be a more
vigorous competitor. The chances are, -
he is meeting our prices now, which in-
fo* that he must bo making tlicm
as cheaply as we arc, so that his methods
f be as (food as ours, even if differ
ent. And thore are nine chance* ml of
lhat wo wouldn't use his methods
if wo knew thorn, nor ho ours, if he
know all about them. And the chances

are that we all know all about tho other
fellow's way anyhow, and prefer our

(IWI1.

method of ours has cost us a lot
of money to develop. Meanwhile, tho
other fellow has been standing still and

we've I ii getting nil the biiHinoss. liul

'hnve wet

Isn't ho still in the ring, »
clothes as good as ours, and didn't 1*1
see him in his m 11 1 . > Insl Saturday :il the
ball frame T Then somebody must have
told him our way, because no one elso
could have thought of it.

Shop secrets are largely creatures of
the imagination unless in n business ho
small that one man can do all the work
ami use nil the secret methods.

Winn ■ workman leaves our shop, no
matter what tho reason, he carries in his
head some of our ideas and methods. He
can't help it. Some men carry more thnn

■ ■ 1 1 1 . ■ 1 . sumo o:iu imparl more ilun others,
but it doesn't do to fool yourself, as
some il", in tfi believing that the average
workman iroulda'l know an idea if he
met it face to face. Don't gel the idea
that all the brains of any establishment
are in the olllee, no matter who gays so.
If they were, there wouldn't bo nearly
si. many surer -I'iiI bmimtJIt 11s there
are to-day.

I was in n large shop recently and saw
a now material being used for a cortnin
pnrt of a well known machine. "Shi
not a word, wo aren't advertising th.il.
Tho other fellow will cateh on soon
enough."

■ Strangely enough, I saw the same thing
in I ho other fellow's shop the next day —
said they had been using it for some
1 iino. The other fellow had caught on,
but I wonder which one was first.

80 I've come to ibis conclusion. When
you get a new scheme, build a new ma-
ohiuo or do something worth while, dun 't
try to bo over modest. Talk about it;
let others talk about it- -and use it after
it's been talked about with your name
hitched on to it.

I can name several types of murium- :.
which are to-day known by tho names
of men who do not claim to be the in-
ronton, These men simply saw tho pos-
sibilities of .those . built Ihom,
talked about thom ami made other people
talk, and they boar their names at long
as they- are oied. And many users never
■ 1 of Ho- original makers. If the>
\ui not been so backward in proclaiming
1 heir wares, it would -hnve been a diff- 1
ent story. — American Machinist.

Wm. Surdam, foreman of the mil
ing department, Frost & Wood Co.,
Smith's Falls, has resigned to accept a
position In Auburn, N.Y. He was pre-
sented with a Masonic ring and travel-
ing bag when leaving.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers* Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

BALL RACE CALIPER.

The accompanying sketch represents a
very useful tool used in the shops of the
Canada Cycle and Motor Co., Toronto,
and is an idea developed by the super-
intendent.

The discs are ground circular with
bevelled edges, the exact diameter of

Ball Race Calipers.

the ball-races, and are formed of thin
steel. The bevelled edge insures line
contact, making observations easier.
The body is made up of four thin sheet
steel strips, riveted like ordinary
calipers at one end, and clamped to-
gether in any position desired by a
screw in a slot. Most of the ball race
calipers in use by the company are not
made as shown, but made fixed like
gauges, by riveting where the adjust-
ing screw is. The latter is a better
method for multiple production of the
parts. Quite a number of different
sizes are carried.

CENTRE FOR TURNING PATTERNS.

_ In the machining of circular patterns,
care is required, else the pattern will
not be split exactly in the centre.

This little device is one in use by the
Steven Co., Gait. It not only insures

-!

Centre for Turning Patterns.

the work being split exactly in the cen-
tre, but also facilitates the operation.

In general, it is almost exactly the
same as the usual centreing piece for

patterns, consisting of a flat disc, with a
tapered hole for the centre, and two
screw holes, securing the two halfs of
the pattern. The special feature is the
knife edge projection, A, which is in-
serted at the dividing line of the pat-
terns, making it impossible to have the
pattern unequally divided. This edge, of
necessity, must be very thin in order
that the patterns might be tight to-
gether. Paring the parting edge slightly
at the end insures this.

JIG FOR GEAR TEETH PATTERNS.

The method of forming patterns for
gear teeth by shaving down to marked
lines on the end of the block of wood is
a very slow process, and entails consid-
erable work to ensure any degree of
accuracy. This is especially true with
bevel gears.

The Stevens Co., of Gait, have de-
vised a very simple jig for the rapid
production of patterns, which is a great
improvement on the old method, both
in point of quality of work, and rapid-
ity of production.

The jig consists essentially of a block
of wood A, with tooth forms BB pro-
jecting at each end. These tooth forms
are made the size of the tooth de-

Jig for Gear Teeth Patterns.

sired, plus the thickness of a piece of
sand-paper, all over. The actual size
of the tooth is as shown by the dotted
lines an the end view. The block of
wood to be worked is placed between
these forms, and held in position by
the woodscrew below, and the two
brads at the ends. The tooth stock is
first reduced roughly in the usual man-
ner by chiselling, until it is approxi-
mately D size, and then it is sand-
papered on a revolving drum. The sand-
paper is just slightly wider than the
stock, so that the forms at the end
press against the revolving drum, while
the stock is reduced the thickness of
the sand-paper below the size of the
forms, making the desired size of tooth.
It has been found to be a very useful
jig, and is adapted to all forms, being
particularly useful for bevel gears. The

Stevens Co. carry a large stock of jigs
for the various sizes, finding it a very
economical process.

VALVE SEAT GRINDER.

1 his is a simple little device for
grinding small valves to proper seats in
a manner better than can be done by
the continuously rotating method in gen-
eral use. It is the method in use at S.
F. Bowser & Co., Toronto, and was de-
vised by their superintendent.

The basic principle is that a better

Valve Grinder.

seat may be obtained by an oscillating
motion than is possible by the continu-
ously rotating process before mentioned.
This device provides a means for so do-
ing, revolving the valve seat a little
more than a revolution in one direction,
and then reversing, making the process
continuous.

Rotative motion of a drum A is con-
verted into a short arc motion of the
gear B, which oscillates on pin C The
pinion D meshes with B, thereby giving
D a rotative motion. D is proportioned
so that the arc travel of the pitch line
of B is slightly greater than the cir-
cumference of D on its pitch line, which
gives the latter an oscillating motion
slightly in excess of a complete revolu-
tion each way.

The shaft containing pinion D is sup-
ported by two bearings, and on its other
end it carries a chuck for holding the
valve spindle of the job under operation.

Apparently the results are most satis-
factory.

SHOP BUCKET FOR INFLAM-
MABLES.

The accompanying sketch shows a
very useful tank for keeping inflamma,ble
substances, such as light oils, gasolene,
paints, etc., where they may be readily
gotten at.

It consists essentially of two light
sheet iron tanks, one within the other,
the outer having a cover hinged to it,
which drops over the inner one. The
inner vessel holds the inflammable sub-
stance, filled to any level, as desired,
while the outer one is kept full of wa-
ter to within a short distance of the
top at all times — full enough that the

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

downward projecting edge of the cover is
partially submerged. This forms a wa-
ter seal for the inner compartment, not
only protecting this latter vessel from
fire, but also preventing the evaporation
of the substance in a very simple man-
ner.

In the shops of S. F. Bowser & Co.,
Toronto, all the dipping tanks for paint

-f

wnrtu

Shop Bucket for Inflammables.

are arranged in this form, as well as
similar vessels for containing the gaso-
lene used for washing oily articles, as
they come from the turrets.

This firm finds it especially useful for
paints, as the dip tanks are located near
the enameling ovens, where fire might
readily occur. In event of the latter,
the simple operation of lowering the lid
would suppress the conflagration without
any attendant danger.

PUNCHING MALLEABLE RINGS.

The method of producing the rivet and
screw holes in malleable iron manhole
rings is somewhat different at S. F.
Bowser & Co., Toronto, than it is else-
where.

Fig. 1.— Manhole Ring.

One of their typical manhole rings for
oil tanks, is shown in Fig. 1. As it is
malleable iron, the usual procedure would
be to drill the holes, no doubt, using a
drilling jig for the purpose, the number
to be produced warranting the latter.

Not so in this plant, where the holes are
produced in a punch press, very satis-
factory results being obtained, judging
from the finished holes, which are as
smooth and free from burr as if drilled.

Fig. 2.— Manhole Ring Jig.

A unique punching jig, Fig. 2, enters
into the process, in conjunction with the
special form of die, Fig. 3, the combina-
tion making very rapid production pos-
sible.

The ring is laid on the jig (which
are of different sizes to suit the differ-
ent rings) and clamped there toy the
three projecting arms, A.A.A., which are
forced out by a tapered nut, B. on a
stud fastened to the body of the jig.
This nut fits into correspondingly-shaped
cuts in the arms. These three arms auto-
matically centre the work in the jig.
When the tapered nut is loosened, the
arms are drawn back rapidly by a coiled

Fig. 3.— Punch and Die.

spring, C, around pins in the three arms,
guided by pins in slots, D,D,D.

When punching, the jig is on the un-
der side, the holes in the jig being placed

in succession over the die, which is made
slightly tapering to receive them, there-
by centring each hole instantly for punch-
ing. This allows of very rapid produc-
tion.

The same principle of jig and die is
utilized in all punching work in these
shops, for most of their work is standard,
making the initial cost of such a jig a
profitable investment. Some of these
jigs run as large as five feet ia diameter,
the same die being used throughout, un-
less the size of the hole requires chang-

DRILL STAND.

At the John Inglis Co., Toronto, a
drill stand is used in connection with
an air drill and finds many varied uses.
By means of it, holes can be drilled or
reamed. A hand ratchet drill could
also be used.

This simple but useful tool consists
of a post firmly fixed in a flat piece of
iron in which is a slot, so that it may
be easily bolted in a convenient posi-
tion for the work to de done.

The top arm is a flat piece, tapered
at one end and double at the back, a

E2^

1 I 1 HI

Drill Stand.

second flat piece having been welded on
to the first. The two fit around the
upright post, the horizontal bar being
held in position by a bolt. A small
drilled hole at the outer end allows the
top of the drill to sit firmly in posi-
tion. The idea in having the cross bar
slide up and down the post is to adjust
the tool to the, work quickly. It can
therefore be used for work outside the
screw on the air drill or the hand
ratchet.

DRAFTSMAN'S POINT.
A draftsman often finds it necessary
to mark points on the paper by a pin
point. The accompanying illustration
shows a simple draftsman's needle point
for such work. A piece of stock is

Draftman's Point.

whittled to convenient size and a needle
pushed into it, the head of the needle
being pushed into the stick.

This instrument can also be used to
hold drawings on the drawing board
when it is not necessary to use the
T-square.

44

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BABBITTING BEARINGS.

In a Toronto machine shop the me-
thod shown in the accompanying illus-
tration for babbitting bearings has
been adopted. Two little screws are
used on which to rest the shaft. The

Babbitting Bearing.

holes are drilled at an angle of 90 de-
grees and very close to the outside of
the bearing. The shafts are aligned by
raising or lowering the screws. After
pouring the babbitt, the screws can be
removed.

DRILLING CONNECTING ROD ENDS.

A pair of special clamps for holding
and aligning gas engine connecting-

with conical oasehardened heads, which
may be set to different heights to tor-
respond with work of different thick-
nesses. On the top of each angle-plate
there is a boss in whicn is tapped a
small stud that is used in conjunction
with the clamps shown to hold the drill
jig D. This jig is used for drilling the
outer half of the bearing brass, as well
as the connecting-rod bolt holes. A
ohannel is planed in one side of the jig,
so that it is a snug fit over the end of
the rod, while on the other side it is
planned out at right angles to the first
side as shown. The projections thus
formed on either end, fit over the bear-
ing brass as shown at B. The jig is
further located for drilling the bolt
holes in the rod end, by a central hole
which fits the projection E on the rod.

After the connecting-rod is turned and
planed, and is ready to be drilled, it is
placed between the two plates which
are movable sideways. The work rests
on the lugs F and the plates are fas-
tened, as before stated, by tightening
nuts A. The rod is then clamped
against the faces G. The drill jig is
then placed on the end of the rod and
lightly clamped against it. The drilling

Special Clamps and Jig ior Drilling Connecting Rod Ends.

manufacture such an ejector. They will
be pleased to send catalogue if you write
them. — Editor.

CABLE TRANSMISSION.

T wish to transmit power 70 ft. to
a sawmill, will you give me the name
of the company who can instal a cable
system to transmit about twenty-five
horse power ? — Quebec Subscriber.

The Dodge Mfg. Co., Toronto and
Montreal, and Canadian Fairbanks,
Montreal and Toronto, will give you
full particulars and equipment. — Editor.

DESIGN OF BEVEL GEARS.

In the article on "The Design of
Bevel Gears," by G. D. Mills, on page
38 of the April issue of Canadian Ma-
chinery, the formulae should read Cot. L
(Cotangent L), instead of Co.-f-L, as
printed.

WAX PATTERNS.

Kindly give us a formula for wax mix-
ture in making wax patterns. — Ontario
Mfgr.

For making wax patterns some use
pure beeswax — 2 parts of wax to one of
rosin; others, ozokerite with a small
quantity of Venice turpentine or kero-
sene to prevent it from shrinking. The
two above mixed together also gives good
work.

rods while the bolt holes are being
drilled, and also the jig used for locat-
ing the drill are shown in the accom-
panying illustration. The end of the
finished rod is held between the two
clamps or special angle-plates. These
clamps each have a rib or tongue on
the back that fits a T-slot of the ma-
chine table. In this way they are set
parallel to each other and in line with
the drill spindle. By tightening the
nuts A, these plates are fastened to the
machine. The same bolts that hold the
plates to the table are also used for
tightening the clamps C. One end of
these clamps rests on adjustable screws

is then done by the usual method. When
drilling the holes in the outer half of
the crankpin brass, with the jig in the
position shown at B, the tool steel
drill is cutting on one side only,
through part of the hole.— Machinery.

Correspondence

EJECTOR MANUFACTURER.

Can you give me the name of the
maker of ejectors to draw water with
compressed airf — Ontario Subscriber.

The Penberthy Injector Co., Windsor,

NEWALL TOLERANCE STANDARD.

The Newall Engineering Co., Black-
horse Lane, Walthamstow, London E.,
England, have issued a chart for gratis
distribution, giving tables of allowances
for the various classes of fits in milli-
meters. The Newall System is based on
"hole basis" by which all holes are pro-
duced as near standard size as com-
mercially possible.

Class F is a force fit and will produce
shafts that will require hydraulic pres-
sure or heating to force them into holes.
Class D (driving fits) will produce shafts
that will require driving in; Class P
(push fits) shafts that can be pushed in
but are not free enough to rotate; Class
X, Y and Z are running fits. Class X is
suitable for engine and other work where
easy fits are required; Class Y is suitable
for high speeds and good average ma-
chine work; and Z is suitable for fine
tool work.

Classes A and B are tolerances in
standard holes. The tolerances in each
case is the difference between the high
and low limits, and represents the work-
levers shown and can be accomplished

CANADIAN MACHINERY

I

45

GnadianMachinery

> MANUFACTURING NEWS •>

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rioity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President
H.V.TYRRELL, Toronto
G. C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto
F.C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal

W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President
Business Manager
Managing Editor
Associate Editor

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Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern

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Toronto - 111-127 University St.

Phone Main 73)4

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Phone 3726

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H. Hodgson,

Room 21, Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street. E.C.

Phone Central 12960

E.J. Dodd

UNITED STATES

New York - - R. B. Huestis

1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-

ance and Trust Building;

Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

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Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,

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Orell Fuaali & Co.

Cable Address:
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SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
Canada, United States. $1.00, Great Britain, Auatralia and other celoniea
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Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will
confer a favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified
at once of any change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

July, 1910

No. 7

DEMONSTRATING MACHINE TOOLS.

Robert Pierpont, works manager of the Olds Motor
Works, said in the course of his paper before the National
Machine Tool Builders' Association at Rochester, N.Y.,
in which he argued for a simplification of machine tool
design:

A number of the tool builders, when they sell
a machine or a number of them, send out a dem-
onstrator or a man to instruct the manufacturer
how to use it properly to obtain the best
results. Some of you keep men on the road all
. the time, going from place to place to see that
your machines are used as they should be. The
point I wish to make is this: Are any of you
sending your designers around to see what they
can learn from the actual conditions existing in
the automobile factories? If not, why not? Let
them visit and talk with the heads of depart-
ments, the general foremen and superintendents
of a number of the automobile factories where
your machine tools are used. You will then find
whether your machine is the best for the work
that you can make it or not; also whether you
could not make it cheaper and have it answer the
purpose just as well. If you will do this you
will find out more about what is required than
you ever can by getting some one like myself
to tell you how little he knows about machine
tools.

The statement is full of suggestion. By demonstrating
the machine tool, the builder of same, interests the pur-
chaser in the machine and makes a satisfied customer. On

the other hand, the machinery builder gets many good
ideas from the demonstrators. Co-operation between the
builders and users of machine tools would be of mutual
benefit, therefore. Each would profit by the assistance of
the other. The "getting together" would no doubt great-
ly assist in the development of more efficient and economi-
cal manufacturing equipment.

WILL PRICES ADVANCE?

Many in the manufacturing trades are viewing with
anxiety the passing of the various iron and steel indust-
ries into one or two large corporations working together to
control the market. In the past there has been difficulty
in securing prompt delivery of goods ordered, and already
there are rumors of advances in wrought and bar iron,
bolts, nuts, etc.

The general understanding is that mergers aim to in-
crease profits by effecting savings in production and dis-
tribution rather than by price advancements, but when
companies which have not been paying dividends are turn-
ed over to corporations capitalized at several times the
capitalization of the various companies included, it is ap-
parent that some special effort will require to be made
if the shareholders in the larger corporations are to get
any return on their investment.

PROTECT THE MACHINERY.

The list of accidents continues to grow in spite of cam-
paigns to secure the protection of machinery. From
Deseronto, Collingwood, Vancouver, and other points
come reports of industrial accidents. The companies may
not always be responsible, but in any case, the number of
accidents could, no doubt, be greatly lessened by pro-
tecting the belts and machinery.

Another thing that would assist in the lessening of the
number of accidents would be to have one man trained to
look after belts, an engineer or mechanic who will exer-
cise care in the performance of his duties. In many in-
dustries it is the custom to allow Tom, Dick or Harry fix
the belts near his machine, and if he is not careful, or
does not understand his work there is a chance of an ac-
cident.

In the month of May, 1910, there were 133 deaths
through accidents among employes in Canadian industries.
In addition 243 individual work people suffered serious
injuries.

CANADA'S LARGE TRADE.

Final figures of revenue and expenditure for the last
fiscal year, ending March 31, made public by the Depart-
ment of Finance, show a record surplus of $22,092,185 in
revenue over all ordinary expenditure. This exceeds by
over two and one-half millions the previous high record
of 1907-08, and is five millions better than the estimate
given by the Finance Minister in his Budget speech of
December last. The total revenue was $101,501,034, an
increase of $16,500,000 over the preceding year. The total
expenditure on consolidated fund account was $79,409,849,
or $4,500,000 less than 1908-09. On capital account last
year there was spent $34,114,994, including $19,968,064 on
the construction of the National Transcontinental Rail-
way. Out of the revenue Canada paid last year every
item of ordinary and capital expenditure, exclusive of
the National Transcontinental, and had over $8,500,000
still left towards the construction of the railway. Prob-
ably no other country in the world can show anything like

46

CANADIAN MACHINERY

so satisfactory a financial statement for the year, and
with the revenue for the current year increasing at the
rate of $1,500,000 a month, indications point to an even
greater surplus for the twelve months.

The net debt of the Dominion at the end of the fiscal
year was $336,266,348, an increase during the year of
$12,336, due, as has been noted to three-fifths of the year 's
expenditure on the National Transeontenintal Railway.

In his Budget speech Hon. Mr. Fielding conservative-
ly estimated the total revenue at $97,500,000. The actual
revenue went $4,500,000 beyond his estimate. He estimat-
ed the total expenditure on consolidated fund account at
$81,000,000. It fell short of this by $500,000.

The principal items of revenue were as follows: — Cus-
toms, $60,156,133; excise, $15,253,352; post office, $7,958,-
547; public works, including railways, $10,114,990; mis-
cellaneous, $8,018,009.

The principal items of expenditure on capital account
were as follows: — Public works, railways, and canals,
$27,571,225; militia, $1,299,970; railway subsidies, $2,048,-
097; bounties, $2,411,095. .

The figures of Canadian trade for May show a record
advance over May last year. The total trade for the
month was $59,187,972, an increase of $14,276,236, or
over thirty per cent., as compared with May of last year.

Imports totalled $38,821,963, an increase of over ten
and one-half millions, and the largest increase on record
for any one month.

Exports of domestic products totalled $18,347,432, an
increase of $2,537,225. Exports of foreign products total-
ed $2,018,577, an increase of over one million.

For the first two months of the current fiscal year
(April and May), the total trade of Canada was $105,-
171,866, an increase of twenty-five and a quarter millions
as compared with the corresponding months of 1909.

At the present rate of increase Canada's total trade
will within two years reach the billion dollar mark. For
the current year indications point to a total trade of over
$800,000,000. ,

The customs revenue for May was $5,818,490, an in-
crease of $1,576,170, as compared with the corresponding
month of last year.

The statement of the Canadian chartered banks for
May reflects the continued expansion of business in the
Dominion. For the first time the liabilities of the banks
have passed the billion mark; the assets reached that
stage about 18 months ago.

The chief comparisons of the month as compared with
April, are as follows, the first figures being those for
April and the second for May: —

Notes in circulation $ 78,776,228 $ 77,194,344

Deposits on demand 246,746,180 256,651,635

Deposits after notice 521,427,172 524,680,979

Total liabilities 993,105,845 1,015,631,890

Call loans on stocks 59,621,328 58,159,050

Current loans in Canada .... 638,347,238 643,246,518

Total assets 1,182,850,969 1,205,001,218

♦

CANADA'S PATENT RELATION.

Elsewhere in this issue is an article dealing with the
patent relations of Canada to the rest of the world, in us
far as the International Convention for the protection
of industrial properties is concerned. As pointed out in
that article it does appear very strange that Canada should
be one of the very few powers who are not signatories of

that convention. Doubtless there must be many advan-
tages therein, or the nations interested would not be in-
creasing to such an extent as to be leaving Canada almost
isolated. From enquiries among paten j solicitors, Canada
does not appear to be taken very seriously as a patent
country, which is exemplified by the fact that Canada
never has any patents cited against her, while Great
Britain, Germany, France, the United States and other
principal powers have, indicating that Canadian patent
records are seldom, if ever, consulted by these foreign
patent offices when verifying the validity of an applica-
tion. It is to be hoped that this matter will be taken up
by manufacturers in general, and all interested parties so
that the subject may be thrashed out. Canadian Machin-
ery would appreciate receiving readers' views on this
subject.

FALL OF WATER TANKS.

The fall of the water tank on the Herald Building,
Montreal, recalls other similar accidents though fortunate-
ly not attended with such disastrous results. In the busi-
ness and manufacturing quarters of our cities and towns
are structures on which are perched tanks containing
great quantities of water. In some cases the tanks are on
separate steel supports, and in other cases they are erect-
ed above factories and business houses in which are hun-
dreds of employes.

Inspectors in Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto are now
looking carefully into the construction of tanks and sup-
ports. Their example should be followed by every city
and town where tanks have been installed. In Toronto
the supports must be of four times the strength really re-
quired. Sometime ago a tank fell in Toronto, but it was
erected without a permit. A tank of water weighs from
50 to 250 tons, and in it is an enormous possibility of
peril.

There are several things in connection with the erec-
tion and maintenance of a tank to lessen the possibility
of falling. When a separate tower is erected it should
be built on a concrete foundation over rock if possible, and
a six to ten-foot base on "hard pan " where this is not
possible.

Hoops on wooden tanks should receive special attention
and all rust should be removed before painting. Partic-
ular attention should be given to tanks placed on roofs and
covered with corrugated iron. The hoops corrode very
rapidly between the corrugated iron and the staves, and
the hoops may be found almost corroded through a few
years after erection.

If a tank is left empty, the sun and rain will cause
the staves to warp so that it cannot again be made water
tight.

Tanks cannot last forever and careful inspection
should be made each week. The life of a tank is from 12
to 30 years. They average about 15 years, but they must
be painted often and kept filled with water.

A large factor of safety should be allowed for sup-
ports. If erected on brick walls, great care should be
taken in this connection. A purchaser of a tank should
not cut down the designer and builder of a tank to the
last cent. It is very poor economy. When the tank has
been installed, it is the duty of the owner to have all
iron work, bolts, etc., carefully inspected at regular in-
tervals. In this way the number of failures of water
tanks and supports will be lessened.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

ECLIPSE BOLT-HEATING FORGE.

The Monarch Engineering & Mfg. Co.,
1200 American Bldg., Baltimore, Md.,
have pieced a new 'bolt-heating furnace
on the market, operated with oil or gas
and air. The forge is of use for bolt,
boiler, railroad, bridge, structural and
general shop work.

The heat can be regulated in this furn-
ace. There is also a new patented key-
ed fire brick. There is an arrangement
of special bricks within the lower chill
to prevent them from becoming disar-
ranged. The top of the arch is so de-
vised as to act as a retainer for the
brick, forming the arch over the heating
space, and at the same time acts as a
protector for the operator. This top is
also adjustable, making it possible to
obtain any desired length of heat up to
capacity of furnace. Being adjustable in
either direction it is possible to heat any
diameter iron desired, by simply raising
or lowering this top to height required
for entrance of blanks and adjusting pin
to keep same in required position. Also
that this top being water-chilled pro-
longs the life of brick used in same. The
makers claim that any length of heat de-
sired can be obtained and that blanks as
short as %-ineh in length can be heated
and withdrawn as rapidly as those of a
longer length ; this being made possible
by the leveled arrangement of this top.

By the device of grooves as per lower
chill, the blanks can be inserted and
kept apart, thus should operator through
some mishap neglect to withdraw the
blanks before they become overheated
they will not stick together.

MONARCH RIVET-HEATING FURN-
ACE.

The Monarch furnace illustrated here-
with is portable, and made in standard
sizes. It can readily be carried around
from place to place by two men. They
are especially recommended for ship,
bridge, boiler and general construction
work, and will produce excellent re-
sults.

Where quantities of rivets are requir-
ed, it is a rapid heater, bringing the
same to a white heat in three minutes,
under compressed air pressure of twenty
pounds or higher, with a volume of fif-
teen cubic feet per minute ; the higher
the pressure, quicker the results. It
can also be used in connection with the
Monarch high pressure blower, which is
furnished in various sizes according to
number of forges in use.

New Monarch Eclipse Bolt Heating Forge, Monarch Engineering & Mfg. Co., Baltimore Md.

New Monarch Bolt Heating Forge, Monarch Engineering & Mfg

Baltimore, Md.

48

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The furnace carries a high, soft, uni-
form heat, and is always under control
of operator. Rivets are always in plain
sight, and readily reached. It will heat
up to inch and one-half in diameter, an
average 500 per hour. Amount of oil
consumed is from one and one-half to
two gallons per hour, according to
quantity of rivets heated. It can also
be used for light forging, hardening,
tempering, annealing and welding.

The flame is directed into combustion
chamber "A" where the oil is thor-
oughly ignited, it then passes into the
heating chamber "B" the construction
of which gives the flame its rotary mo-
tion, distributing the heat uniformly
throughout the whole interior.

The waste heat eseapes through the
opening "C" and distributes itself into
the open chamber "D" where the rivets
may be placed prior to their being put
into heating chamber "B".

The top tile is supported on the 4
piers E. The furnace has two doors
F— G, front and back. The furnace is
supported on a steel cylindrical sheet,
which contains the fuel oil tank I and
the whole on a cast iron base. The fur-
nace top is made of steel securely weld-
ed together with angles riveted to bot-
tom of same so that the furnace top

of very low quantity, the burners of
"Monarch" type being regulated for
largest volume of air, consistent with
lowest consumption of oil.

Burner of Monarch Ilivet Furnace.

may be set on to sheet without being
permanently attached to it. The supply
for tank is fed through same pipe that
feeds burner. The fuel consumption is

Section Monarch Rivet Furnace.

The furnace is manufactured by the
Monarch Engineering & Mfg. Co., Bal-
timore, Md.

HEATING IRON AND STEEL FOR
FORGING.

The use of oil as a fuel was not given
very serious consideration until after
the discovery of the large deposits of
low-grade crude oil in the west and
southwest sections of this country. Coal

was expensive in Beaumont, Texas; be-
sides, there was not room to store any
great quantity of it convenient for use.
The derricks were so thick on Spindle
Top that there was no room there for
boilers, so these were arranged on the
edge of the field along each side of a
road, which became known as "Boiler
Avenue." Oil was burned under all
these boilers. The burner consisted sim-
ply of a perforated end of gas pipe with
a steam jet so arranged that the oil was
sprayed against a target of fire bricks
in the fire-box of the boiler. All the fire-
man had to do was to regulate the
amount of oil occasionally by, means of
the check valve. The heat of the oil
fire is very intense, and while this rough
and ready method did not secure a very
even heat distribution, yet it answered
the purpose and was in every way a
great improvement over the best results
obtainable by hand-stoking.

Great improvements have been made in
oil burners since those early days. Re-
cently tests were made on a Kirkwood
oil-burning furnace, which is made by
Tate, Jones & Co., engineers and manu-
facturers, of Pittsburg, Pa. A descrip-
tion of this furnace may be of interest
to the readers of Canadian Machinery.

The furnace described herein is used
in heating iron and steel for forging,
etc., in plants where oil is not regularly
used as fuel. This firm also manufac-
tures similar furnaces for annealing,
tempering and case hardening. The
burner is different from any of the other
oil burners on the market in that the oil
and compressed air for atomizing are
controlled by one lever, the proportions
being determined by tests at the factory
before the furnace is shipped. Once de-
termined, this burner is so adjusted that
this ratio of air to oil is fixed and is not
left to the judgment of the operator.
Since the proper atomization of the oil
is the vital point in the successful oil
burner this arrangement is of great value
and prevents any troubles.

The air for forcing the oil to the burn-

■II^HHI

Heating Iron or Steel for Forging.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

49

er under pressure and for atomizing and
oxydizing it, is supplied by a small ro-
tary blower, which is mounted on the
floor near the furnace, and may be driv-
en by an electric motor or other source
of power.

About GO cubic feet of air compressed
to 25 pounds is used for atomizing the
oil; the pressure at the burner being
about 20 pounds. The portion of ihe
air blast which furnishes the necessary
oxygen for proper combustion is so regu-
lated, by the lever just referred to, that
the pressure at the burner is from two
to four ounces. The regulation of this
pressure varies the fire from an oxydiz-
ing flame to a strong reducing heat. This
gives the operator the exact heat want-
ed at a moment's notice. The burner
can be cleaned without disconnecting it
from furnace and is nearly noiseless in
its operation.

A steam jet or the regular shop com-
pressed air supply can be used for atom-
izing the oil if desired. In the latter

case a reducing valve is necessary to cut
down the pressure to the proper amount
for atomizing. This valve is supplied
with the furnace if so desired.

The burner is set up under an inclined
arch of fire clay at the centre of the
furnace, the inclination being from the
burner downward, so that the products
of combustion travel down the arch,
completely encircling and filling the in-
side of the furnace and escaping through
two vents in the upper corners on the
same side as the burners. This gives
equal distribution of the heat through
every part of the furnace.

The furnace is lined throughout with
the best quality of fire brick, carefully
laid, and between the fire brick and out-
side metal wall a thick layer of asbestos
is placed. This heat insulation saves
fuel and prevents the air in the neigh-
borhood of the furnaces from becoming
unpleasantly warm.

The oil for this furnace is carried in
a tank attached to the side, the tank be-

ing filled from a barrel when necessary
by a small rotary hand pump. For
plants having an oil fuel supply the tank
is not necessary.

RADIAL DRILL.

Herewith is illustrated a new style
of radial drill, which has been placed
on the market by the London Machine
Tool Company, Limited, Hamilton.

The features of construction in this
machine are the bottom drive to the
spindle, the back gears and reversing
gears on the head, and square face to
column. As will be noticed from the
illustration, the spindle is driven on
its lower end. The power is therefore
applied at the nearest point to drill,
and the pressure on the driving key is
reduced to a minimum, making a feed
drive very easy.

The back gears are placed on the
head, and are of the positive automo-
bile type, back gear being thrown in
while the machine is in operation. The
frictions in the reversing gear are of
an extremely powerful band type, oper-
ating independently of any pressure
which may be put on the reversing
lever.

The feeds are four in number, of suit-
able range. The spindle has quick hand
power movement through hand wheel
and worm or power, as desired. The
head is racked across the arm by means

New Radial Drill, London Machine Tool Co.. Hamilton.

50

CANADIAN MACHINERY

of hand wheel conveniently located. All
handles are so located as to make all
operations most convenient for the op-
erator. Outer column is provided with
a square face, which insures accurate
alignment. The outer column revolves
in an inner column at its top and bot-
tom surfaces, and revolves on ball bear-
ings with suitable clamping mechanism.

On the positive gear box shown in the
illustration, all gears are of steel, of
positive type, making it impossible to
get out of order. The machine is also
furnished with cone drive, if desired.

The machine is made with plain or
swivel table, swivel table being shown
in illustration. This latter table makes
the drill entirely universal in its opera-
tion. The success of this line of radials
has prompted the London Machine
Tool Co. to re-design their whole line
of radial drills, using the bottom drive.

IMPROVED BEVEL PROTRACTOR.

The Improved Bevel Protractor,
shown in the cut herewith, was recent-
ly put on the market by the Brown &
Sharpe Mfg. Co., of Providence, and is
an accurate and inexpensive tool for
laying out or establishing angles. Not
only is it useful to draftsmen, but it is
also of great service to mechanics.

In design the tool is very simple and
is very similar to the Improved Uni-

Brown & Sharpe Improved Bevel Protractor.

versal Bevel Protractor, made by the
same company. The main point of dif-
ference between the two tools is the
fact that there is no vernier on the
Bevel Protractor and " so the measure-
ments cannot be made to such a degTee
of fineness.

To facilitate use of the tool one side
of the protractor is flat and this allows
the tool to be laid flat on the paper or
work, a decided advantage that users
of the protractor will appreciate.

The dial is graduated in degrees and
these graduations extend over an arc of
180 deg., reading from zero to 90 deg.
from each extremity of the arc. Es-
pecial care is taken with these gradua-
tions to have them accurate.

The large central stud upon which
the dial of the protractor turns is hard-
ened in order to eliminate as much
wear as possible. When the protractor
is set and the nut tightened it clamps
the dial rigidly in position so that
there is no danger of slip.

The blade of the protractor is free
to move backward and forward for its
entire length independently of the dial
and this adapts it unusually well for
work where other protractors cannot
be used. It is clamped independently of
the dial and is rigidly held in place.

Great care has been taken in cutting
the grooves, etc., so that there is very
little chance for dust to accumulate and
cause inaccuracies in the measurements.

BARNES TAPPING MACHINE.

While the general desig'n of the
new Barnes all-geared automatic re-
versing tapping machine is the same as
the standard all-geared drill, a single
pulley is used for driving and for re-
versing. The friction clutch gears give
reverse speed of 1% to 1 and these gears
are on the driving end of the machine —

New Tapping Machine, Barnes Drill Co., Rock-
ford, 111.

not on the spindle — a strong point in
favor of this machine.

It has automatic reversing mechanism,
as shown, useful particularly for depth
tapping. It can be set so that the in-
stant tap reaches depth desired, spindle
will automatically reverse, backing out
at double speed. It can be set so as to
trip automatically (or by hand) stopping
the spindle instantly instead of revers-
ing same.

The small hand trip lever shown is al-
ways ready for instant use if desired to
reverse or stop spindle at any point in
the operation. It has four direct-guied

speeds and four back-geared speeds,
making eight changes of geared speeds
available on this machine. It is built ir.
20-inch and 24-inch sizes. The 20-inch
machine drives a 1%-ineh U. S. stan-
dard tap 125 r.p.m. in cast iron without
back gears^ When back geaxs are in, it
drives a I^-inch TJ. S. standard tap 50
r.p.m. in cast iron. The 24-inch all-
geared drill will handle up to 2-inch U.
S. standard tap.

With postive power feeds added to
these machines, they can be used advan-
tageously for both drilling and tapping.
They are manufactured by the Barnes
Drill Co., 602 South Main Street, Rock-
ford, 111.

FREE COLLEGE COURSE.

College educational work by the Can-
adian railways has hitherto to a large
extent concerned itself with training of
sons of employees, so as to fit them for
future positions in the service. In this
connection a circular has just been is-
sued by Charles M. Hays, president of
the Grand Trunk, announcing the terms
(f competition for three free scholar-
ships at McGill. These scholarships each
cover four years' tuition in the Faculty
of Applied Sciences of McGill Univer-
sity, and are offered, subject to competi-
tive examinations, to apprentices and
other employees of the company under
twenty-one years of age, and to minor
sons of employees.

The competitive examinations, which
will be the regular entrance matrieu'a-
tion examination provided for in the An-
nual Calendar of the University, were
held at the University, Montreal, and at
other centres, beginning June 13, 1910.
The three candidates making the highest
average and complying with the require-
ments of admission will be awarded the
scholarships and have the option of tak-
ing a course in any department of the
Faculty of Applied Science. Scholar-
ships will be renewed from year to year,
to cover a period not exceeding four
years, if at the c'oss of each session, the
holders thereof are entitled, under the
rules, to full standing in the next higher
year.

In consideration of the free scholar-
ships, students will be required to en-
ter the service of the company as stu-
dent apprentices, and serve during va-
cation period while in attendance at the
University, and at the option of the
company, for two years after completing
the college course. Successful candi-
dates will, before entering the Univer-
sity, be required to execute the com-
pany's regular form of student appren-
tice contract, copies of which can be ob-
tained upon application to R. S. Logan,
assistant to president, Montreal.

Large Successful Foundrymen's Convention at Detroit

Resume of Association Papers — Exhibits of Foundry Machinery Were
Large and Interesting — Pittsburg is the Convention City for 1911.

The Foundrymen's Convention at De-
troit marked another milestone in the
successful gatherings of the allied
foundry associations, — the American
Foundrymen's Association, the Ameri-
can Brass Founders' Association, the
Foundry & Manufacturers' Supply As-
sociation and the Associated Foundry
Foremen. The meetings for the reading
of papers and their discussion, and the
transaction of business, were held in
the Michigan State Building at the
State Fair Grounds. The exhibit of
foundry equipment and supplies filled
the Administration, Main and Horti-
cultural Buildings, while the overflow
was housed in a large tent.

A feature that occasioned many fav-
orable remarks was the fact that Can-
adians in larger numbers than ever
took the opportunity to visit the ex-
hibit, see machinery in operation and
obtain literature on the latest and best
equipment for foundries, whether brass,
grey iron or steel. A partial list of
the Canadians present is given. As a
large number did not register, however,
it was impossible to obtain a complete
list.

Monday, June 6.

The formal opening of the fifteenth
annual convention took place at Hotel
Pontchartrain, Monday night, the occa-
sion being marked by a banquet ten-
dered to the officers of the A.F.A., the
A.B.F.A., the F. & M.S. A., the A.F.F.
and representatives of the technical
press.

Dr. Frank T. F. Stevenson made an
address of welcome, followed by Ar-
thur S. Waterfall, the president of the
A.F.A. Mr. Waterfall is general super-
intendent of the Russel Wheel & Foun-
dry Co. Joseph T. Speer, Pittsburg,
spoke on the national organization. Dr.
Richard Moldenke spoke on the foundry-
men's questions.

The A.B.F.A. was represented by
their vice-president N. K. Patch, of the
Lumen Bearing Co., Toronto. Other
speakers were Eugene Smith, Chicago,
president of the A.F.F. ; J. J. Wilson,
vice-president of the Detroit foundry-
men's association ; L. L. Anthes, of
the Anthes Foundry, Toronto, and F.
B. Stevens, Detroit.

Tuesday, June 7.

The first business session opened at
ten o'clock in the Michigan State
Building, Arthur T. Waterfall occupy-
ing the chair. This was a joint session
of the four associations. The visitors
to Detroit were welcomed by Mayor
Bretmeyer and President Larned, of the
Board of Commerce.

JOSEPH T. SPEEK. PITTSBURG.
President A. F. A.

The welcome was followed by the pre-
sidential addresses of A. T. Waterfall,
of the A.F.A. and Wm. R. Webster, of
the A.B.F.A., W. M. Corse, secretary-
treasurer of the A.B.F.A. and Dr. R.
Moldenke, of the A.F.A. In his address
Mr. Waterfall gave the membership of
the" association as 753, but intimated
it would probably reach 850 before the
close of the convention.

Secretary Corse, of the A.B.F.A., hit
a popular chord when, in his report, he
recommended that miners, chemists and
foundrymen standardize their stock
terms, the present terminology for the
same article in the various trades caus-
ing great confusion.

MAJOR JOSEPH T. SPEER.

Mnjor Joseph T. Speer, the president of
the American Foundrymen's Association,
is the head of the Pittsburg Valve Foun-
dry and Construction Co. This company
is -an amalgamation in 1899 of Atwood
& McCaffery ; Shook. Anderson Mfg. Co. ;
Pittsburg Valve and Machine Co. ; pipe
fitting department of Wilson & Snyder,
and the foundry department of Alexander.
Speer & Sons. Major Speer served his
apprenticeship as a pattern maker with
his father, Alexander Speer. Afterwards
he devoted himself to the foundry end of
the business. He became manager of
Alexander Speer & Sons in 1897, and in
1901 succeeded to the presidency of the
Pittsburg Valve Foundry & Construction
Co., which position he now occupies.

The session closed with a talk by
Steelman Stevenson, Detroit, on acety-
lene-oxygen repairs in the foundry. In
connection with this he gave an exhibi-
tion of the art of cutting and welding,
etc., practically applied.

Fluxe3.

In the afternoon separate sessions
were held. The A.B.F.A. met at 2
o'clock, the session opening with a
paper on "Fluxes as applied to the
Brass Foundry," by Erwin S. Sperry,
Bridgeport, Conn. Fluxes, he said,
must be used with discretion, and dif-
ferent ones are suitable for different
metals and different alloys.

For aluminum, chloride of zinc has
proved a very efficient flux, This is due
to a reaction wherein a chloride of
aluminum is formed and free metallic
zinc alloys with the aluminum. The
dross becomes fine and granular and is
readily skimmed off.

For nickel, a flux consisting of three
parts of lime and one part of fluor spar
is used. Fluor spar alone becomes very
fluid when melted and rapidly attacks
a crucible. The lime used in connec-
tion with the fluor spar increases the
melting point of the flux so that the
crucible is not readily attacked.

For eopper practically every known
chemical has been tried as a flux. The
selection of the proper flux depends upon
the alloy to be made. Sound copper
castings may be made with a flux of
potassium ferro-cyanide, but the var-
ious dioxidizers, such as silicon copper,
magnesium, phosphorus, etc., produce
equally good and better results. Com-
mon salt is very efficient used as a flux
for melting copper for producing brass
or bronze. It reduces any copper oxide
that may be forfned during the melting.

As a flux for brass common salt is
very efficacious. It is the only flux
used for brass for rolling purposes.

For German silver, equally good re-
sults are obtained in the manufacture
of this alloy with or without the use
of a flux. Sodium nitrate with black
oxide of manganese constitutes a flux
used by one of the largest manufac-
turers of this product. The use of me-
tallic manganese alone has also shown
excellent results'. •

For washings, grindings, etc., a flux
must be used to reclaim the metallic
content. Plaster of Paris is very good
for use in melting brass, bronze, or
composition washings. It is cheap, has
no action on the crucible, it melts
readily and forms a thin slag.

A covering of charcoal should be used
in melting all metals enumerated above,

52

CANADIAN MACHINERY

as it supplies a reducing atmosphere
and prevents oxidation.

Charles R. Stevenson, of Miller,
Franklin & Stevenson, Business Econo-
mists, New York, followed with a
paper on "Brass Foundry Costs and
Statistics." He pointed out the advan-
tage of accurate scientific methods over
the "rule of thumb" way of doing busi-
ness. A cost system was outlined and
will appear in full in an early issue.

In the afternoon session of the A. F.
A., Benj. D. Fuller, Cleveland, read a
paper on "Foundry Efficiency." The
questions considered were excess of
weight on castings due to careless ram-
ming, weak 'flasks, weak boards, loss in
machinery through jigs not fitting the
larger castings, etc. Molders can be
kept tab upon by having a daily record
showing percentage of good castings by
weight. By a card giving this informa-
tion a foreman can tell a man's com-
parative value.

Personal Equation in Accidents.

The second paper was on "Personal
Equations in Accidents," by Thos. D.
West, Cleveland. In his paper Mr.
West states that from his experience as
an employe and employer and his inves-
tigations along the line of accidents,
their cause and remedies, he is certain
that any unbiased and thorough inves-
tigations will show that the great ma-
jority of accidents is the result of care-
lessness chargeable directly to the in-
dividual, his lack of obedience to in-

dents are concerned, is often applicable
to all others.

To advance a doctrine that the major-
ity of accidents in a trade are incident
to it, and neither the employe or em-
ployer is at fault, is a step likely to

DR. RICHAUD MOLDENKEu
Secretary American Foundrymen's Association.

structions, error in judgment and neg-
lect of duty. An authority on railroad
accidents, James O'Fagan, says that
85 p.c. of the fatalities that occur on
railroads can be directly traced to the
negligence of employes. What holds
good in one industry, so far as acoi-

N. K. B. PATCH. TORONTO.
President, A.B.F.A.

have serious results, for it takes away
the sense of personal responsibility
from the operative, and makes him
heedless regarding the effect of his ac-
tions upon the safety of others.

The employer should help to prevent
accidents by supplying safety devices.
Prevention of accidents by the removal
of the factors that tend to cause them
should be the watchword. An honest
effort by both employe and employer to
remedy individual faults, the doing of
which will cut down 80 p.c. of the acci-
dents in the shops.

Mr. West's paper was followed by an
illustrated talk on oxy-acetylene weld-
ing and cutting by Henry Cane, Spring-
field. Among the illustrations shown
was one where cylinders were welded
together making a six-cylinder for an
automobile.

Evening Smoker.

Tuesday evening a smoker was given
by the Detroit Foundrymen's Associa-
tion to the visiting members of the
allied associations in the Light Guard
Armory. A most enjoyable time was
spent, a feature of the evening being the
presentation to each visitor of a stein
suitably inscribed.

Wednesday, June 8.

An address was given before the A.
B. F. A. on Brass Foundry Practice, by
Jesse L. Jones, Pittsburg, which was
followed by a paper by J. W. Richards,
South Bethlehem, on "Electric Power
Required to Melt Brass, Bronze, etc."
Mr. Richards pointed out that in deal-

ing with metals of a low melting point
it was cheaper to use coke or oil, but
that in handling metals of a high melt-
ing point electricity could be used to
advantage as an adjunct to coke or
oil. In this connection he described the
process used at a furnace in South
Bethlehem for melting steel. He said
that coke was used until the mass was
partly melted and then electrodes were
lowered and the current applied to the
metal until the required degree of heat
was obtained.

A report of the committee on "Chem-
ical Standards for Iron Castings," was
given by Dr. J. J. Porter. A collec-
tion of analyses of iron castings was
presented in tabulated form. The in-
formation giving the composition of
iron for various castings. This was
followed by a paper on "Physics of
Cast Iron," by H. M. Lane, Cleveland.
Visiting Plants.

Much time was spent visiting De-
troit's industries. Every manufacturer
threw open the doors of his plant and
a visiting bureau furnished credentials
and guides so that as many plants as
possible might be visited.

Wednesday afternoon the visitors took
a trip down the river on the steamer
Columbia. On the down trip a number
of the excursionists stopped at the
Semet-Solvay Coke Oven Plant, and a
number at the Detroit Iron & Steel
Co. to inspect the blast furnace. The
remainder visited the Livingston Chan-

W. M. CORSE. BUFFALO,
Secretary A.B.F.A.

nel and inspected the government work.
In the evening there was a second ex-
cursion, this time on Lake St. Clair.

Thursday, June 9.

At the Thursday morning session of
the A.B.F.A., Dr. F. T. F. Stephenson

CANADIAN MACHINERY

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National Core Oil Co., Buffalo, N. Y.

Robeson Process Co., Au Sable Forks, N. Y.

Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chicago.
Buckeye Products Co., Cincinnati, O.

Henry E. Priduiore, Chicago, 111.

Northern Engineering Wks., Detroit, Mich.

S. Obermayer Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

54

CANADIAN MACHINERY

read an interesting article on the value
of the association to its' members in
which he pointed out that a member
does not perform his full duty by sim-
ply joining the association. "We have
fine examples of those who are doing
their duty," he said, "in the men who
have devoted their lives to the brass
industry and who take the time to
give us the benefit of their knowledge.
We owe them a debt and it can be best
paid by contributing the value of our
fnawledge and experience to the rest."

Dr. J. J. Porter, Cincinnati, gave a
talk on "Co-operative Courses in Metal-
lurgy."

At the morning session of the A. P.A.
Wilfred Lewis read a paper on "The
Shockless Jarring Machine," which
brought forth much discussion. A full
description of the shockless jarring ma-
chine was given in the iVoruary issie.
Other papers were "Rejected Castings
in Steel Foundries," by 3. D. I. Emm-
son, New York ; "Reward — Premium — or
Bonus," by W. J. Power, New York ;
"Report of Committee on Industrial
Education," by P. Kreuzpointer, Al-
toona, Pa.; "Foundry Transportation
Methods," by David Gaehr, and "Over-
head Transportation in Foundry," by
A. W. Moyer.

In his paper Mr. Emerson pointed
out that efficiency was becoming to
mean the elimination <?f waste. He
maintained that records sho.ild be kept

WILFRED LEWIS.

Tabor Mfg. Co.. Philadelphia, Vice-Prcs., F.
M. S. A.

and tabulated as to cause, location,
number of castings, as to each molder
or floor gang, with percentage of loss
for each working day, or shift and
statements made to these responsible
for the foundry work within a few
hours after the pour, if possible before

starting the next day's work. By get-
ting at the cause through a good sys-
tem it is possible to reduce the losses.
In the paper on "Reward— 'Premium —
or Bonus," Mr. Power stated that the
practical results of a co-operative ef-
fort between employer and employe, the

GEORGE RAYXOR,

Carborundum Co.. Niagara Falls. N. Y., Pres-
ident F. & M. S. Association.

former paving the road well for the
latter, should be at least a net gain in
cost to the former of 28 p.c, and an
increment in earnings of 20 p.c. to the
latter.

Thursday Afternocn.

"Modern Foundry Practice" was a
paper presented at the A.B.F.A. ses-
sion by Chas. T. Boogg, Mansfield. This
was an interesting article which brings
out the principles underlying all pro-
gress and calls attention to those
principles that are operating in the
brass foundry to-day, as a means to
better methods and hotter quality.

H. M. Lane, Cleveland gave some in-
teresting facts in connection with a
series of experiments to determine the
use of magnesium in deoxidizing alum-
inum alloys. Mr. Lane's paper on the
various types of electric furnace was
also well received.

Hugh MePhee then gave a paper on
a new method for mounting patterns of
uneven parting for use on molding ma-
chines in which the inventor claims
combination of small labor in pattern
making, and cheapness in using pat-
terns not adaptable to ordinary match
plate work. The method consists in
making master pattern, and from this
enough white metal patterns to fill
flask. This completes the work of the
pattern maker. Molds are then rammed
up, patterns drawn, and metal poured
into each impression separately flush

with the parting line, in both cope and
nowel. These patterns are then mount-
ed on iron frames which fit flasks by
means of a composition. This method
of mounting is also adaptable to bench
work.

C. P. Karr then read a paper on
"Analysis of Lead in Alloys." The ar-
ticle discusses the various methods that
have been successfully used in the assay
of lead in non-ferrous alloys. The sub-
ject is classified according to the var-
ious methods now in vogue. It refers
to the gravimetric method in which
lead is precipitated from its n'.trate
solutions by sulphuric acid and also by
treatment with a molybdate solution.
Comparisons are made of these two
methods.

A.B.F.A. Officers.

At this session was held the annual
election of officers which resulted as
follows :

President, N. K. B. Patch, Toronto ;
Secretary-treasurer, W. M. Corse, Buf-
falo ; Vice-Presidents, Thos. Evans,
Philadelphia ; J. C. Sharpe, Chatta-
nooga ; W. L. Abate, New York ; W. H.
Carpenter, Bristol ; Richard Augen-
braun, Standford ; L. M. Olson, Mans-
field ; John Wollf, Chicago ; J. N.
Gamble, Kewanee, 111.; and Richard R,
Mitchell, Montreal.

Foundry Foremen Officers.
The following officers were elected for
the coming year : President. Pobert B.

C. 10. HOYT, CHICAGO.
Secretary F. & M. S. Assoc.

Thomas, foreman of Buffalo Pitts Co.,
Buffalo.

Mr. Iluyt was elected secretary -
treasurer until a new executive board
shall select a secretary. There will be
a new method of control consisting of
an executive board appointed by the

CANADIAN MACHINERY

55

Browning Engineering Wks., Cleveland, 0.

The Adams Co., Dubuque, Iowa.

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Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.

Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 0.

Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit, Mich.

Calumet Engineering Wks., Harvey, 111.

56

CANADIAN MACHINERY

president, to perform the work of the
Foundry Foremen's Association. The
executive will act as vice-presidents this
year.

A.F.A. Thursday Afternoon.

A number of papers were read, Dr.
Richard Moldenke giving suggested
specifications for foundry coke. Dr.
Moldenke proposed that coke be bought
according to its property to melt iron
and specifications were given to govern
biding, reference being made to sam-
pling, base analysis, moisture, volatile
matter, fixed carbon, ash, sulphur, and
shatter test.

Thursday Evening Banquet.

A banquet was tendered to the officers
of the allied associations Thursday
evening, by the Founders' and Manufac-
turers' Supply Association, at Hotel
Cadilac. F. B. Stevens acted as toast
master and called upon several promi-
nent foundrymen for addresses.

The feature of the banquet was the
awarding of the prizes for the best ex-
hibits which were displayed at the
State Fair Grounds during the exhibi-
tion week. The prizes were presented
by "The Foundry," for the best still
exhibit and the best moving exhibit.

The committee making the awards
was composed of Major Joseph Speer,
Arthur T. Waterfall, H. A. Carpenter,
and Stanley B. Flag.

The Solway Process Co., Detroit, re-

Brown Co., Detroit Foundry Supply
Co., Mumford Molding Machine Co.,
Berkshire Mfg. Co., "Castings," Os-
borne Mfg. Co., and the Robeson Pro-
cess Co.

Friday, June 10.

The following nominating committee
brought in a report of new officers :

HARRY D. GATES.

Thos. W. Pangborn Co., New York, Vice-Pres.
F. & M. S. Association.

presenting the firm of Baird & West,
took the honors in the still exhibit
contest, while the Tabor Mfg. Co.,
Philadelphia, won the prize for the best
moving exhibit. Other companies ob-
taining honorable mention were :Arcade
Mfg. Co., Carborundum Co., Roger i

ROBERT B. THOMPSON,

Buflalo Pitts Co., Buffalo. President Associated
Foundry Foremen.

W. H. M. McFadden, Pittsburg ; J. J.
Wilson, Detroit ; Alfred E. Howell,
Nashville ; H. A. Carpenter, Pittsburg
and L. L. Anthes, Toronto.

The report which was adopted nomin-
ated the following officers for the com-
ing year :

President, Major Joseph T. Speer,
Pittsburg Valve, Foundry & Construc-
tion Co.

Vioe-Pres., No. 1 Dist., F. B. Farns-
worth, McLagon Foundry Co., New
Haven.

2nd— Walter Wood, R. D. Wood & Co.,
Camden, N.J.

3rd— W. A. Bole, Westinghouse Co.,
Pittsburg.

4 th — Wm. Gilbert, Buckeye Foundry
Co., Cincinnati.

5th— J. J. Wilson, General Motors
Co., Detroit.

6th— T. W. Sheriff, Sheriff Mfg. Co.,
Milwaukee.

ROBERT B. THOMSON.

Robert B. Thompson, the president
elect of Associated Foundry Foremen, is
a Canadian by birth, being a native of
Halifax, N. S. He has been connected
with several large concerns in the eastern
States. For several years he has been
connected with the- Buffalo Pitts Co..
Buffalo, which is his present address.

7th— Alfred E. Howell, Phillips &
Buttorf Mfg. Co., Nashville.

8th— A. N. W. Clare, Clare Stove
Co., Preston, Ont.

Seo.-Treas.— Dr. Richard Moldenke,
Watchung, N.J.

Founders' and Manufacturers' Asso
ciation.

The annual meeting of the Founders'
and Manufacturers' Association was
held in Hotel Cadillac, Friday evening.
A committee was elected to consider
the advisability of incorporating.

The following officers were elected :

President— Geo. R. Raynor, Carbor-
undum Co., Niagara Falls.

1st Vice-Pres.— Wilfred Lewis, Tabor
Mfg. Co., Philadelphia.

2nd Vice-Pres.— E. D. Froman, S.
Obermoyer Co., Pittsburg.

3rd Vice-Pres.— T. S. Hammond,
Whiting Foundry Equip. Co., Harvey.

4th Vice-Pres.— Harry D. Gates, Thos.
W. Pangborn Co., New York.

Trustees (for three years)— F. N. Per-
kins, H. M. Bougher, E. H. Stedman.

Secretary— C. E. Hoyt, Lewis Insti-
tute, Chicago.

Treasurer— H. S. McCormick, Pitts-
burg.

Trustees— F. N. Perkins, Arcade Mfg.
Co., Freeport, 111.; H. M. Bougher, J.

T. S. HAMMOND,

Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Vice-Pres. F.
& M. S. Association.

W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia ; E. H.
Steedman, Curtis Mfg. Co., St. Louis,
Mo.

The nominating committee's report
was presented by the chairman, E. A.
Pridmore, Chicago. The other members
of the committee were E. H. Mumford,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

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W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 0.

J. W. Paxson Co., Philadelphia. HI, .1*

T. J. Peterson Co., Chicago.

Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, 0.

Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, 111.

Cutler-Hammer Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis.

58

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Martin L. Heyl, W. C. Sly and John
C. Pangborn.

Canadians Present.

There were a great number of Cana-
dians present, but as all did not regis-
ter the following list is not complete :

M. Chapman, Ontario Wind Engine
and Pump Co., Toronto ; Geo. Childs,
James Stewart Mfg. Co.. Woodstock ;

J. H. Ainsborough, Toronto ; J. An-
derson, J. Pleury Sons, Aurora ; L. L.
Anthes, Anthes Foundry, Toronto ; J.
C. Armer, Toronto ; Hugh Lamont, To-
ronto Testing Laboratories, Toronto ;
F. E. Laner, Warden, King Ltd., Mon-
treal ; J. Linklater, International Har-
vester Co., Hamilton ; S. R. Logan,
Waterous Engine Works. Brantford ; J.
E. Ixing, McKinnon Dash & Metal Co.,

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Baird & West, Detroit, and Picands. Brown & Co., Winner of Foundry Loving Cup.

A. N. W. Clare, Clare Bros., Preston ;
A. E. Earsman, Earsman Bros., To-
ronto ; P. A. Drummond, American
Wheel Co. and Advance Thresher Co.,
Toronto ; Geo. A. Drysdale, Interna-
tional Harvester Co., Hamilton ; J. J.
Cunningham, Western Foundry Co.,
Wingham ; Thomas Davidson, Cockshutt
Plow Co.. Brantford ; G. G. Noble,
Dominion Radiator Co., Toronto ; A.
M. P. Irvine, Parker Foundry Co.,
Montreal ; Thos. Jenkins, Dodge Mfg.
Co., Toronto ; Wm. K. Kennedy, the
Wm. Kennedy Co., Owen Sound ; H. O.
Kerr and R, Kerr, Kerr Engine Co.,
WalkerviUe ; F. W. King, McClary Mfg.
Co., London ; A. Oliver, Sheldon's,
Gait ; F. Painter, Standard Sanitary
Mfg. Co., Toronto ; A. Park, Park
Bros., Chatham ; N. K. B. Patch, Lu-
men Bearing Co., Toronto ; J. H.
Phillips, Pease Foundry Co., Toronto ;
W. F. Ralph, Canadian Machinery, To-
ronto ; C. Rehder, Bowmanville Foun-
dry Co., Bowmanville ; W. G. Rogers
Erie Iron Works, St. Thomas ; J. M
Ryan, Montreal Steel Works, Montreal
R. Savill, Taylor-Forbes Co., Guelph
J. (',. Scully, Raymond Co., Guelph
Mr. Nunan, Raymond Mfg. Co., Guelph
H. Hertfelder, Dodge Mfg. Co., To-
ronto ; A. P. Hilton, Taylor-Forbes
Co., Guelph ; A. R. Hocken, Taylor
Forbes Co., Guelph ; R. J. Hopper,
Pratt, Litchworth Co., Brantford ;
Thos. Hopkins, Welch Stove Co.,
Guelph; Edward Hutchinson, Cockshutt
Plow Co., Brantford ; F. S. Campbell,
Taylor-Forbes Co., Brantford ; John
M. Carrol, Hamilton ; T. J. Best, War-
den King Ltd., Montreal ; F. Ben Ben-
nett, D. Maxwell & Sons, St. Marys ;

St. Catharines ; D. 0. McKinnon, To-
ronto ; Geo. Merckling, McKinnon Dash
Metal Co., St. Catharines ; L. A.
Mills, Western Foundry Co., Wingham ;
R. R. Mitchell, Robt. Mitchell Co.,
Montreal ; J. K. Moffat, Moffat Stove
Co., Weston ; J. Morin, M. Moody &
Sons Co., Terrebonne ; J. F. Nellis,
Chas. C. Kawin Co., Toronto ; A. E.
Smith, Montreal ; E. Stanley, Ontario
Wind Engine & Pump Co., Toronto ;

Toronto ; W. D. Varey, Western Foun-
dry Co., Wingham; M. J. Walsh, Cana-
dian Car & Foundry Co., Montreal ;
Fred Washburn, Taylor-Forbes Co.,
Guelph ; G. H. Weaver, Dominion Foun-
dry Supply Co., Montreal ; Frank White
and Arthur W. White, Geo. White &
Sons Co., London ; Robert Wilson,
Hamilton ; Joseph Wright, Dominion
Radiator Co., Toronto ; J. H. Fryer,
Gait Malleable Iron Co., Gait ; F. S.
Ferguson, Canada Iron & Furnace Co.,
Montreal ; Wm. Findlay, Findlay Bros.,
Carle-ton Place ; E. B. Fleury, Hamil-
ton Facing Mills Co., Hamilton ;
B. Geery, American Wheel Co. and
Advance Thresher Co., Toronto ; A.
W. Given, Taylor-Forbes Co., Guelph ;
H. L. Gulline, Warden King Ltd., Mon-
treal ; W. J. Harris, Canada Metal
Co., Toronto ; G. C. Keith, editor Can-
adian Machinery, Toronto ; G. Parry,
National Iron Works, Toronto ; Mr.
McDonald, Industrial Commissioner,
Guelph ; and A. Knight, of Canadian
Northern Ry., Winnipeg.

Entertainment for Ladies.
During the convention many ladies
attended the sessions of the A.F.A. and
A.B.F.A., listening to the papers and
discussion. The visitors to the exhibi-
tion included a large number of ladies
who showed their interest in the ma-
chinery and equipment on exhibition.
The ladies were not forgotten at any
time, and while the gentlemen were en-
joying the smoker Tuesday night, the
ladies were entertained at a theatre
party.

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Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia, Winner of Foundry Loving Cup.

T. C. Stewart, Jas. Stewart Mfg. Co.,
Woodstock ; A. G. Storie and F.
Storie, Ontario Malleable Iron Co.,
Oshawa ; A. H. Tollman, Talbnan
Brass & Metal Co., Hamilton ; J. M.
Taylor, jr., Taylor-Forbes Co., Guelph;
S. Terrell, Raymond Mfg. Co., Guelph ;

Parlor H at Hotel Pontchartrain was
reserved for ladies by the Detroit Com-
mittee. Members of the Ladies' Com-
mittee were in attendance at all times
to give information and assist the vis-
iting ladies.

On Wednesday afternoon the ladies

H. V. Tyrrell, Canadian Machinery, joined with the gentlemen in the exonr-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

59

Cleveland Wire Spring Co., Cleveland, 0.

Standard Sand Machine Co., Cleveland.

Mumford Molding Men. Co.. New York,
Q. M. S. Co., Plainfield.

Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Trenton, N. J.,
Central Foundry Supply Co., Columbus, 0.

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Carborundum Co.. Niagara Falls, N. Y,

Monarch Engineering & Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md.

6o

CANADIAN MACHINERY

sions on the Detroit River and Lake St.
Clair.

On Thursday afternoon the ladies saw
Detroit by automobile. After seeing
many places of interest they were ten-
dered a luncheon at the Yacht Club on
Belle Isle.

Convention Committees.

The Detroit committee who had
charge of arrangements were Dr.
Frank T. F. Stephenson, Detroit Saw
& Brazing Works, general chairman ;
A. Preston Henry, Standard Pattern
Works, secretary ; Frederic B. Stevens,
chairman finance committee ; J. J. Wil-
son, Cadillac Motor Car Co., plant
visitation ; J. B. Keightley, Great
Lakes Engineering Co., reception ; W.
P. Putman, Detroit Testing Labora-
tory, technical papers ; De La Motte
Henry, Buhl Malleable Co., ladies ; E.
J. Woodison, Detroit Foundry Supply
Co., entertainment ; and Oliver Phelps,
M. A. Hanna & Co., chairman boat
ride committee. The excellent arrange-
ments in connection with the conven-
tion meetings, exhibition and enter-
tainment were due to the plans made
and carried out by these gentlemen.
Representatives from the Pittsburg
Foundrymen's Association were on the
ground, both during the convention and
for months previous, observing the
methods used in Detroit. This fact is a
compliment to the excellent methods
adopted by the Detroit Foundrymen.

THE EXHIBITS.

ANTHONY CO., 45 WEST 34th ST., LEW
YORK. — Liquid fuel engineers, showed in oper-
ation oil burners lor high and low ,i-e3surc. i it
crucible furnaces and tilting furnaces. J. M.
Neill demonstrated the melting of b ass with
the Anthony furnace. N. W. Anthony • nd A- K.
Anthony were also on the ground. In t' c cil
furnace the flow of oil to the spindle is le/v'at-
ed by the oil valve as it passes through a very
small hole in the plug at the end of the spindle.
The oil is then caught up by a current of air
completely surrounding this plug and caused to
enter the furnace in a finely divided spray.
Pressure is 2J to 3 oz. and a temperature of
2650 deg F. is obtained. The furnace is lined
with } in. asbestos and firebrick.

ARCADE MFG. Co., FREEPORT— Had a large
exhibit in the main building. Edgar H. Mor-
gan, Chas. Morgan, F. N. Perkins, W. C. Nor-
cross, R. M. Burton, G. D. Wolfley, August
Christen and Reeve Burton were on hand. Sev-
eral machines were in operation including the
Arcade Automatic Molding Machine, Modern
Molding Machines, Arcade squeezers, Norcross
jolting machines,. Buck roll-over match plate
and sand conveyors. There was also a demon-
stration of pattern plates. A Northern crane
was used in connection with the exhibit.

AMERICAN BLOWER CO.. DETROIT.-The
special feature of the exhibit was a 24 inch ball,
kept in the air by 1 58 in. pressure blower
direct connected to a 40 h.p. motor, delivering
air at an angle of 45 deg. A small blower with
motor was also shown in the exhibit. In addi-
tion were Sirocco heating and ventilating sys-
tem, Sirocco ventilating propellors and isolated
power plant engine with dynamo direct connect-
ed to engine. R. T. Coe, M. L. Diver, B. E. La
Follette, A. N, Kelley, and W. A. Fletcher were
in attendance.

BOYER PATTERN PLATE & MFG. CO., CLE-
VELAND.—Represented by John T. Boyer, G.
Knock and Chas. W. Brown their combination
roll-over and squeezer molding machine. The
entire mold is made in one operation when work
of snap flask size is being produced.

BERKSHIRE MFG. CO., CLEVELAND.—
Showed power riddles, flasks, automatic molding
machines, etc. During the exhibition Berkshire
hand machines were operated. This machine is
intended for use where the output of different
castings is limited and can bo used on any
style of patterns.

BROWN SPECIALTY MACHINF.RY CO., CHI-
CAGO.— Showed their Hammer core machine
which makes round, oval, octagon, slab and ir-
regular cores up to three inches and square
cores up to two inches. E. A. Rich, Jr., was in
charge of the demonstration of the work that
can be done with this core machine.

JONATHAN BARTLEY CRUCIBLE CO.,
TRENTON.— Lewis H. Lawton and S. H.
Dougherty pointed out the merits of the cru-
cibles, retorts, stoppers and other graphite spe-
cials, that wore exhibited.

A. BUCH'S SONS CO., ELIZABETHTOWN,
PA.— Made molds on the two Buch's jar and
squeezer molding machines. They also showed
patented aluminum snap flasks, method of
mounting patterns for molding- machine use, spe-
cial cast iron flasks for gravity molding ma-
chine, etc. R. S. Buch and P. J. Potter had
charge of the exhibit.

BROWNING ENGINEERING CO., CLEVE-
LAND—A miniature magnet in operation
illustrating the work that may accomplished
with a Browning magnet. Literature on locomo-
tive crane3, automatic grab buckets and hoist-
ing and conveying material, was distributed.
Photographs illustrated these several machines.
H. E. Green was in charge of the booth.

BUCKEYE PRODUCTS CO., CINCINNATI.—
Showed samples of parting compounds, brass
flux, and foundry specialties. They were repre-
sented by Chas. J. Goehringer and E. H. IMA.

BURROUGHS' ADDING MACHINE CO., DE-
TROIT.—Adding and listing machines were
shown, their uses and operation being demon-
strated by F. H. Dodge and F. S. Wheeler.
Their usefulness in connection with cost sys-
tems was also demonstrated.

S. BIRKENSTEIN & SONS. CHICAGO.— Had
ingots of copper brass and babbit. They were
represented by E. E. Berliner, J, B. Neiman and
Harry Birkenstein.

CALUMET ENGINEERING WORKS, HARVEY
—Had on exhibit tumblers, ladles, trolley system
and a cupola model showing construction. H.
W. Schulze, J. T. Krieger and C. A. Dugan
were in attendance.

CHICAGO PNEUMATIC TOOL CO., CHICAGO
—Had an air compressor in operation furnishing
power. Also shown were pneumatic hammers,
sand rammers, drills, grinders, etc. They were
represented by J. F. Duntley. F. E. Lawson. R.
P. James, W. C. Walker and G. W. Parker.

CARBORUNDUM CO.. NIAGARA FALLS-Car-
borundum aloxite wheels, rubbing bricks, sharp-
ening stones, emery cloth and paper, were shown
as well as crystals of carborundum. Wheels were
operated on two grinding machines. G. R. Ray-
ner, C. D. Sargent, F. B. Jacobs, H. A. Eaton
and O. C. Dobson attended.

CENTRAL FOUOTRY SUPPLY CO., COLUM-
BUS—Offered to supply free 250 lbs. Bull Run
tale. Acme parting and Bull Run red facing are
two of their specialties.

CLEVELAND WIRE SPRING CO., CLEVE-
LAND, OHIO— Had on exhibit steel shop and
foundry barrels, sprue boxeB, steel tote boxes,
core trays, coiled wire springs and wire forms.
J. W. Campbell was in charge.

CASTINGS, CLEVELAND— Published by the
Cardner Printing Co. The booth was in charge
of H. M. Lane and R. I. Clegg, editors, and G.

H. Gardner, president, S. R. Lewis, S. G.
Krake and Chas. G. Kissinger. On exhibit was
a pig of Zug iron weighing 135 lbs. and also the
exact amount of limestone-, coke, ore, etc., to
make the pig. There was also shown the equi-
valent amount of S., FeS., pig., P., Si., C in
its composition and the amount of slag left
from making such a bar. On exhibit was a cast
iron tablet 3' x 5' with an address to President
Lincoln in raised letters. It was made by the
Molinc Scale Co. Moline and glutine was used
in making. Various other castings in grey iron
and brass were shown including grey iron (rub-
ber iron), fancy brass castings made by Yale &
Towne. Cleveland, and castings of National Cash
Register Co.'s cash register, sides with the ori-
ginal plaster of paris pattern.

CUTLER-HAMMER CLUTCH CO., MILWAU-
KEE—Mr. Ludwig demonstrated the Cutler-Ham-
mer magnet and its control by means of one
erected in the book and placed in commission
there.

CRECENT MACHINE CO.. LEETONIA,
OHIO — Manufacturers of woodworking machinery
showed the Crecent safety head for joiners. C.
G. Wilderson was in charge of booth.

CANADIAN MACHINERY, TORONTO— Repre-
sented by H. V. Tyrrell, W. F. Ralph and G. C.
Keith.

DETROIT FOUNDRY SUPPLY CO., DETROIT
—Were represented by Edward J. Woodison, W.
Bruce Howard, Wm. H. Chase, Wm. II. Fitz-
patrick. Wm. W. Murray, Jas. C. Dissette and
Chas. D. Yahne. Their exhibit included a core
oven, oil burners, plating dynamos, buffing
wheels, plates, chemicals, roll-over molding ma-
chine, shovels, crucibles, new eccentric adjustable
clamps, aluminum snap flasks, blow torches, etc.
A number of Wetmore patent glue heaters were
shown. The heater may be equipped with a
thermostatic valve which turns off the flow of
gas as soon as the glue reaches the desirtd tem-
perature and thereafter keeps the glue at the
proper temperature.

WM. DEMMLER & BROS.. KEWANEE. ILL.—
Demonstrations were made of the Hewlett core
machine which makes seven boxes per minute
with one or more cores in each box. The sand
is introduced into core box by compressed air
at 75 lbs. pressure for oil sand mixtures and 100
lbs. pressure for ordinary sand mixtures. The
Kewanee molding machine was also shown. H.
L. Demmler had charge of the exhibit.

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY
CITY— They had on exhibit crucibles for both
brass and steel melting, special shapes and for-
mulae for various purpoics, phosphorizors, stir-
rers, skimmers. Motor brushes and other gra-
phite products were shown. The booth was a
centre of interest, the crowd being entertained by
the "Wiggle-Wagglegraph." It contained a ma-
gic mirror which made it impossible to draw a
square with diagonals correctly. Dixon pencils
were also distributed as well as a recent pub-
lication "Crucibles, their care and use." The
purpose of the book is to uniform the ustr of
crucibles as to their nature and chatacteristics,
and give him suggestions as to their care and
handling, which, if followed, will add to their
efficiency and greatly prolong their period of use-
fulness. They were represented by Dudley A.
Johnson, W. B. Allen. F. R. Brandon, L. Honsis,
F. Krug, John A. Cordit, L. M. Chase, 0. D.
Mcintosh and Geo. Neighbor, John A. Cordit,
manager of the Buffalo office, has charge of the
Canadian territory.

DETROIT HOIST & MACHINE CO., DE-
TROIT— Had compressed air hoisting machinery
on exhibition. A model in operation showed the
principle of the hoist. J. C. Fleming, and F. B.
Fleming were the representatives.

DETROIT TESTING LABORATORY. DE-
TROIT—They carry on the business of consult-
ing foundrymen, metallurgists, chemists, etc.
Associated with them in Canada is the Toronto
Testing Laboratory, 18 Saturday Night Build-
ing. Representatives were W. P. Putman, J. D.
Stoddard and Hugh Lamont.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

61

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Castings, Cleveland ; Detroit Testing Laboratory. Detroit.

Falls Rivet & Mch. Co., Cuyahoga Falls.

62

CANADIAN MACHINERY

STANLEY DOGGETT. NEW YORK— Repre-
sentatives were W. S. Rupert, Wm. Busser and
Stanley Doggett. They distributed samples of
Doggett parting compound and literature on
the various foundry specialties such as man-
ganose dioxide, facings, etc.

FOUNDRY SPECIALTY CO., CINCINNATI—
Represented by F. W. Weissman demonstrated
the Graf roll-over match plate device, hingeless
snap flask and skeleton snap weight or clamp.
Their specialty is "Partive" and "Fluxine."

FEDERAL FOUNDRY SUPPLY CO.. CLEVE-
LAND—Showed samples of facings, core binder,
etc. They were represented by W. J. Adams.
Ralph Ditty and W. R. Beers.

FALLS RIVET AND MACHINE CO., CUYA-
HOGA FALLS, OHIO— The following Wads-
worth machines were on exhibit at this booth ;
three improved stock, No. 1. i to 3" improved
core machine ; No. 2 I to V improved hand
power core machine ; No. 3 improved power core
machine, improved sand mixing and compound-
ing machine : No. 1 and 2 core cutting off and
coning inarhine, improved core oven ; all steel
stock core racks : standard core prints in
cabinets, and a group of Wadsworth vertical jar-
ramming core-forming machines making standard
and chambered cores. This exhibit, which was in
charge of Geo. H. Wadsworth and Geo. White,
was shown under a structural iron frame mak-
ing the line shaft and countershaft all self-con-
tained, while the machinery was all running it
was entirely separated from the building and
was in operation every day during the conven-
tion.

FOUNDRY NEWS. NEW YORK— Albert Spies,
Chas. E. Cornell, Jr.

GUTHRIE & HOWE. CINCINNATI— Polar flam-
ing arc lamps made in Berlin. Germany, design-
ed for both direct and alternation current were
shown by P. H. Guthrie and C. G. Howe.

GOLDSCHMIDT THERMIT CO.. NEW YORK—
Have also a branch in Toronto. The method of
making repairs with thermit was illustrated.
Photographs showed many repairs made by this
process of welding, patterns, expensive castings
of all kinds, etc. They were represented by
Henry S. Mann and J. G. McCarty.

HERMAN PNEUMATIC MACHINE CO., PITTS-
BURG— Had on exhibit Herman jarring molding
machines, jarring molding machines with roll-
over and pattern drawing device, jarring ^and
stripping plate machine, combination jarring
and squeezer machine. Demonstrations of mobi-
ing were given. A Northern crane was erected
and used in connection with the molding. In at-
tendance were Martin L. Heyl, Chas. Herman, H.
T. Frauenheim and John J. Lawlor.

HOWLEY DOWN DRAFT FURNACE CO.. CHI-
CAGO—Showed ladle heaters. Schwartz metal
melting furnace for all metals in operation and
the Hawley oil crucible furnace also in oper-
ation. H. J. Stow was in charge of the ex-
hibit.

HANCK MFG. Co., NEW YORK— The three
sizes of portable oil burners were shown also
burners for lighting cupolas, ladle heaters, skin
drying burners, torches, forges for annealing,
brazing, pipe bending, heating rivets, etc. They
were represented by A. B. Link, A. H. Stein,
Willis C. Squire, and F. G. Squire. E. Stanley
of the Ontario Wind Engine ft Pump Co., To-
ronto, Canadian representative, was also in at-
tendance.

HANNA ENGINEERING WORKS, CHICAGO—
Had in oporation screen shakers, revolving
dumping riddles, mold dryers. riveters, and
Rathbone multiple molding machine. They were
represented by Wm. L. Laib and James T. Lee.

HILL ft GRIFFITH CO., CINCINNATI— Deal
in foundry facings, core and parting compounds,
patent tamping head molders' shovels, bellows,
brushes, etc. They were represented by John
Hill. J. M. Glass, and M. Z. Fox.

HICKMAN. WILLIAMS ft CO.— This company
had only an office. Their plants are at L,or.is-
ville, Chicago, Cincinnati, Pittsburg, St. I.ouis.
New York, Philadelphia, Boston and Birming-

ham. They manufacture pig iron, coke, steel,
ferro-manganese, ferro-phosphorus, ferro-

silican and silico-speigel. iThey were repre-
sented at the convention by H. E. Pierce, E. P.
Hettiger. H. Black, John U. Byrd. T. C. Ward.
F. S. Fears, J. B. Holloway, S. E. Frazee.
Richmond Nicholas. R. B. Miller, T. L. Powell,
T. A. Arthur. R. W. Kellow. W. L. Hoffman, B.
P. Williams, Day Williams, John Daker, jr.. L.
E. Paton, C. A. Reed, and L. H. Miller.

INGERSOLL-RAND CO.. NEW YORK— Exhibit-
ed compressed air appliances applicable to
foundry work consisting of motor-driven air
compressor, pneumatic sand rammers, pneumatic
chipping hammers, hoists, etc. W- H. Arm-
strong, W. A. Armstrong, Jas. Moran and
James L. Kelly were in attendance.

E. KILLING'S MOLDING MACHINE WKS.,
DAVENPORT, IOWA— Had on exhibit the Killing
foot-jarring roc-kover machinery, universal jar-
ring machine and a No. 1 Killing auto squeezer
duplex. The squeezer closes the mold automa-
tically and also sifts sand, squeezes cope and
drag, vibrates the pattern, clamps the flask, lifts
cope, drops drag and closes the finished mold
automatically.

T. P. KELLY & CO., NEW YORK— Had an
office in the main building. They deal in foun-
dry supplies.

KROESCHELL BROS. CO., CHICAGO— Had
on exhibit Kroeschell-Schwartz gyrating flame
crucible furnaces, tilting or stationary type, oil
or gas fuel. Mr. Schwartz represented the com-
pany.

J. S. McCORMICK, PITTSBURG— Had a mo-
del power ramming machine, Deane pneumatic
sand mixer. Blake wire streightener, 20th century
molding machine and a continuous sand mixer.
The two last were in operation. The sand mixer
has a capacity of ten to fifteen tons per hour.
The company was represented by J. S. McCor-
mick, T. E. Malone and S. R. Costley.

MICHIGAN SMELTING & REFINING CO.,
DETROIT— Showed gates of castings, and finish-
ed castings made by companies using M. S. &
R. Co. metal. Representatives were Joseph Still-
man, Albert J. Hall, T. R. McNamee. S. R.
Ginsburg and H. Levitt.

MONARCH ENGINEERING ft MFG. CO.,
BALTIMORE, MD— The Monarch rivet heater.
Steele-Harvey crucible tilting brass melting fur-
naces were shown. The crucible is not removed
from the furnace in pouring the metal. Monarch
"Acme" portable core oven was also shown and"
a Monarch "Eclipse" bolt heating forgo, water
jacketed, operated by oil, gas or air. In at-
tendance were David R. Steele. M. W. Woodiburn,
James H. Fowler H. D. Harvey and Jas. J. Al-
len. This exhibit was in the tent, the furnaces
being in operation each day during the week.

MUMFORD MOLDING MACHINE CO., NEW
YORK — Had in operation squeezer with vibrator
and match plate, high trunnion squeozer with
vibrator and match plate, power ramming plate
pattern, power ramming machine with starting
power pattern draft, plain jolt ramming ma-
chine operated in connection with hoist for rol-
ling molds and sand pattern guide for match
plates. Mr. Mumford was in attendance.

BENJ. MIDDLEDITCH. DETROIT— Showed a
powtT sprue cutter the wearing parts of which
are made of tool steel. Cutters are of tool
steel 1J" x I" and cut a piece equivalent to J"
square common yellow brass. A polishing ma-
chine was shown and a tilting tumbling barrel
for tumbling brass and bronze castings. In the
latter machine bushings are renewable, and outer
end of shaft carrying pulleys and gear is sup-
ported with a heavy bracket keeping small gear
in proper mesh with large gear. Brass found-
ers' bevel flasks completed the exhibit. The re-
presentatives were Benj. Middlehitch, P. De
Vines and S. Laffrey.

MILLERS' PRODUCTS CO., CHICAGO— Had
samples of Black Diamond Bore Compound and
several grades of foundry flour. C. B. Spauld.
ing was in charge.

METAL DROSS ECONOMY CO., BRISTOL.
CONN. — Metal dross extractor w'as shown. The
skimming tank consists of a cast iron box 20 x
22 ins., covered with a steel top. The dross
from the crucible is skimmed into this tank
which is kept full of water. The separator con-
sists of wire screens. Tests show that this ma-
chine has saved a grea^ amount of metal where
tried out. They were represented by A. L. Hoasis
and W. H. Carpenter.

METAL INDUSTRY, NEW YORK— Represented
by Palmer H. Langdon. L. J. Krom. T. A.
Trumbour. E. B. Fritz and F. J. Huntley.

NORTHERN ENGINEERING WORKS, DE-
TROIT— In the centre of the exhibit was a
cupola set on a turntable to show the ease of
operation of the turntable. On the top of the
turntable and beneath the cupola was a mirror
so that the interior of the cupola was easily
seen. Probably the most interesting feature of
the exhibit which included a great number of
foundry supplies and equipment was a model of
a crane trolley in operation. This was com-
plete with motor, the gears were enclosed and
all the features of the Northern crane were in-
cluded in the model. The representatives were
W. G. Chesebrough, Walter Robinson, W. S.
Reid, W. H. Standart and Geo. A. True.

NATIONAL CORE OIL CO., BUFFALO. N. Y.
— Deal in high grade core compounds and foundry
specialties. C. H. Cotton. P. L. Crandall.

OSBORN MFG. CO., CLEVELAND— Molding
machines, etc., were shown in operation includ-
ing rock-over drop-draft molding machine, ad-
justable flask stripping moulding machine and
rock-over jolt and plain jolt molding machines.
In the jolt machines the length of stroke and
hardness of blow to be struck are always in
control of the operator. Representatives were H.
R. Atwater. F. D. Jacobs. E. T. Doddridge, J.
H. Galloway and J. C. Boynton.

S. Obermayer Co., Chicago — Were in the booth
with the Whiting Foundry Equipment Co. They
were represented by S. T. Johnston, F. H.
Dodge, F. J. Brunner, 0. J. Peterson, J. E.
Evans, C. M. Barker, W. M. Fitzpatrick. E. D.
Frohman, H. F. Frohman and G. H. Kersting.

OLIVER MACHINERY CO.. GRAND RAPIDS—
Showed a great number of wood wonking ma-
chines such as pattern makers' planers, jointers,
band saws, circular saws, Sanders' wood trim-
mers, lathes, borers, grinders, etc. Of greatest
interest was the Wadkin milling machine in
which milling is applied to the making of pat-
terns. J. W. Oliver, A. N. Spencer, J. P.
Schmidt and W. Y. Mentzer represented the com-
pany.

J. W. PAXSON CO., PHILADELPHIA— Manu-
ture cupolas, ladles, etc. On exhibit in oper-
ation was a rock-over pattern-drawing molding
machine. This Barker type is for large and small
patterns and patterns on plates or match
boards may be used. The representatives wen-
H. M. Bougher, Geo. Moore, A. W. Moyer, I. F.
Kraner, W. Scott Thomas. W. T. Nicholson, and
W. Baetty.

T. J. PETERSON CO., CHICAGO— Showed
cores made by a number of engine manufacturers
for gas engine cylinders using their core oil.
They were represented by Jas. Kerr. H. S.
Teterson. J. Purvis. A. B. Elves.

HENRY E. PRIDMORE. CHICAGO— Exhibited
at the Foundry-men's Convention, Detroit, thir-
teen years ago, being the only exhibitor at that
time of molding machines. There were on ex-
hibit small square stand stripping plate ma-
chine and patterns, large square heavy double
shaft stripping plate machine and patterns, stove
plate rock-ovc'r machine and patterns, rock-over
drop machine fitted with automobile patterns,
power ramming rock-over drop machine and pat-
terns, machine were operated during the conven-
tion. Edward A. Pridmore. R. E. Turnbull, D.
F. Eagan and W. W. Miller were in charge.

THOMAS W. PANGBORN CO.. NEW YORK—
Had on exhibition their modern high pressure
sand blast systems. In addition they had sand
separators equipped for either belt or air drive.
Representatives wore John C. Pnngborn. Harry

CANADIAN MACHINERY

63

D. Gates, Jesse J. Bowen. Willis S. Doane, Al-
fred L. Holmes, Foster J. Hull and Raymond F.
Smith.

PENTON PUBLISHING CO.. CLEVELAND—
Publishers of Foundry and Iron Trade Review
had a booth furnished with easy chairs for visit-
ors and decorated with palms, etc. The two lov-
ing cups presented by them to the Exhibitors'
Association were on exhibit. These were pre-
sented to the companies having the best exhibits.
They were represented by John A. Penton, A. 0.
Backert. C. Vickers, W. A. Ten Winkel. R. E.
Donsmore, D. C. Warren, W. B. Robinson, J. C.
Eppens and F. J. Ryan.

PARKER BROS. CO.. DETROIT— They are
the selling agents for the Ohio Sand Co., Con-
neant. Oh:o. the Ayres Mineral Co.. Zanesville,
0., L. K. Brown, Zanesville, and the Interstate
Sand Co.. Zanesville, all miners and shippers of
all grades of molding sands. In attendance were

E. M. Ayres. L. K. Brown, U. E. Kanavel, E.
R. Wilson. F. E. Gordon, Arthur S. Barrows
and W. R. Thompson.

Q. M. S. CO., PLAINFIELD— Had on exhibit
cylindrical air hoists, hand power traveling
cranes. I beam trolley and I steel foundry saw.
R. H. Post and F. R. Phillips attended.

ROBINSON AUTOMATIC MACHINE CO., DE-
TROIT—Showed automatic machines for metal
polishing.

ROCKWELL FURNACE CO., NEW YORK—
Showed photographs and blue prints of oil, coal
and gas furnaces, and burning appliances. W.
S. Quigley and A. L. Stevens explained the fea-
tures of these appliances, etc.

ROGERS. BROWN & CO., CINCINNATI— Be-
sides Cincinnati there are offices at New York,
Chicago, Buffalo, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Boston.
St. Louis, Birmingham and Philadelphia. They
manufacture pig iron and coke. Their exhibit
showed several grades of pig iron with . numer-
ous unusual castings made from pig iron.
Henry B. B. Yergason was in charge of the ex-
hibit. In the background of the exhibit was a
large sign of colored lights, the lights represent-
ing the furnaces and coke districts in which the
company is interested and from which are ob-
tained the different grades.

ROBESON PROCESS CO., AU SABLE FORKS.
N. Y. — Both the head office and main works are
at Au Sable but there is also a plant at Coving-
ton, Va., manufacturing gluterin core binder.
Recently its manufacture was begun at Grand
Mere, P.Q., and Francis Hyde, Montreal, were
appointed Canadian agents. Small trees sur-
rounded their booth, illustrative of the Glutrin
trade mark.

SAND MIXING MACHINE CO.. NEW YORK—
Showed in operation a machine for cutting mold,
ing sand and for mixing core sands and facing
sands. V. E. Minich. John Bradley and B. F.
Doup were in charge.

J. D. SMITH FOUNDRY SUPPLY CO., CLE-
VELAND— Showed natural draft furnaces, alum-
inum melting furnace, rolling drawer coke
oven, sprue cutter, water tumbler, grinder, sand
blast installation and three different styles of
molding machines. Representing the company
were P. G. Smith, J. S. Smith, M. S. Finley,
Jos. Harrison and F. A. Coleman.

FREDERIC B. STEVENS. DETROIT— The ex-
hibit was of interest and attracted much -atten-
tion on account of the "Dummy" operating the
Stearns molding machine. There was also shown
a sand blast machine complete, a Noble's electro-
magnetic separator, Spanish felt wheels, cotton
buffs, etc., and a Noble magnetic separator.
Those in attendance at the booth were Frederic
B. Stevens. J. M. Movers, W. J. Cluff. A. T.
Wagner. J. Hughes, H. Kringner and Geo. B.
Bell. Mr. Bruce, of the Bruce Foundry Supply
Co., Toronto, the Canadian agent of Frederic
B. Stevens, was a visitor to the convention and
made this booth his headquarters. Among the
souvenirs given by F. B. Stevens were the ele
phant and the donkey "barometer."

STANDARD SAND & MACHINE CO., CLEVE-
LAND— Showed a Standard combined rolling and
blending machine in operation. All of the ma-
terial entering the drum receives eighteen uni-

form rollings in passing through the machine.
H. E. Boughton. J. A. Boughton and T. J. Mor-
gan are the representatives.

WM. SELLERS & CO., INC., PHILADEL-
PHIA— A centrifugal sand mixing machine was
in continuous operation during the convention.
A drill grinding machine was also shown. Ed-
ward L. Holljes was in charge demonstrating
the sand mixing machines, machines driven from
overhead pulley and with motor drive being
shown.

W. W. SLY MFG. CO., CLEVELAND. OHIO—
This exhibit attracted considerable attention on
account of the novel exhibit of cleaning mills cin-
der mills, etc. These were complete in evory detail
and showed to advantage the good features of
the cleaning mills. Photographs of other ma-
chines were also shown. W. W. Sly and W. C.
Sly, were at the convention and assisted by H.
R. Morse and D. A. Livensparger, took much
pleasure in demonstrating the salient features of
the equipment they had on exhibition.

STERLING WHEELBARROW CO.. MILWAU-
KEE—Had special rolled steel flasks on exhibi-
tion, these being demonstrated by I. R. Smith
and H. G. Mindrum.

SOLVAY PROCESS CO.. DETROIT— This coke
is made by the Solvay process at Detroit. Chi-
cago and Milwaukee. The selling agents are
Baird & West. Detroit and Picards, Brown & Co.,
Chicago and Milwaukee. They were represented
by G. A. T. Long, J. A. Goiligan, B. T. Bacon,
Edward R. Stoughton. The booth was artisti-
cally decorated with palms and flags with a
background wall of Solvay coke.

TABOR MFG. CO., PHILADELPHIA— Received
the cup for having, in the opinion of the com-
mittee the best exhibit in motion. Standard
squeezing machines both power and hand, were
shown in operation. The shockless jarring ma-

chines received a great deal of1 attention. These
were described in the February issue. It is es-
sentially a sand-packing machine capable of
ramming any mold in short time. John T.
Ramsden, C. W. Coleman, J. H. Coleman, C. H.
Ellis and Wilfred Lewis were in attendance.

UNITED STATES GRAnilTE CO.. SAGINAW.
MICH. — Made their room a rest room. Their spe-
cialties is plumbago foundry facings. In attend-
ance were H. C. Woodruff, Frank B. Godard, J.
G. Drought and R. A. Corrigan. These gentle-
men supplied the visiting ladies with carnations.

WHITEHEAD BROS. CO., NEW YORK— Had
an office in the main building, deal in foundry
supplies.

J. B. WISE. WATERTOWN— Showed in oper-
ation the "M.R.V." brass melting tilting cruci-
ble furnace, permanent crucible, using coke as
fuel.

WALTER McLEOD & CO.. CINCINNATI.
OHIO — Buckeye and blast machines both pres-
sure and suction types, compressed air sprayers,
babbitt and lead portable melting furnaces, oil
burners for cupola lighting, skin drying molds,
brazing, etc., were shown. They were represent-
ed by the Obermayer Co.

WHITING FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT CO., HAR-
VEY, ILL. — Had a large centre stand to which
were attached frames containing photographs of
the various foundry plants they have installed
and equipment they manufacture. These include
cupolas, tumblers, ladles, elevators, air hoists,
sand sifters, brass furnaces, turntables, trucks,
core ovens, electric traveling cranes, etc. They
were represented by C. A. Hardy, P. A. Dratz,
R. H. Bourne, F. A. Rundle, Crad Hughes, T.
S. Hammond and W. Mayor. The Dominion
Foundry Supply Co., Montreal and Toronto are
Canadian agents and Mr. Weaver, of this com-
pany was in attendance at the convention.

INDUSTRIAL and CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc. ; Con-
struction of Railways, Bridges, Etc. ; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.

ditions to the company's plant and a staff of
approximately 1,200 men will be employed, an
increase of between 400 and 500 on the present num-
ber. The following buildings will be built in Brant-
ford : — Warehouse, six storey building, 159" x
60' ; experimental dept., four storey building,
65' x 64' ; machine shop and erecting room, three
storey building. 106' x 60' ; casting storage and
paint shop, three storey building, 105' x 60" :

Foundry and Machine Shop.

BRA_NTFORD.— Tenders were called for the
purchase of the Burrill Foundry, Grey St., which
has been used for 2 years.

BRANTFORD.— Harry Cockshutt. general man-
ager of the Cockshutt Plow Co.. announces that
an expenditure of between three and four hun-
dred thousand dollars will be made on new ad-

[I

I The Utilization of Wood W,as(e
by Distillation

A general consideration of the NEW INDUSTRY, in-
cluding a full description of the distilling apparatus used
and the principle involved, also methods of chemical con-
trol and disposal of the products, first edition illustrated
by seventy-four engravings, 156 pages. This book is cloth
bound, it will be sent to any address post paid on re-
ceipt of $3.20.

MAKE SOLIDIFIED PURE MILK VACUUM
DISTILLLED SOLID TABLETS WITH

Industrial Alcohol Stills, 5 Gal. Tax-Free, $135.00, pays
for itself every Month. 75 to 500 Gal. Stills installed
under guarantee. Alcohol Solidified, 33 samples Solid
Alkaloid Cubes, 194 proof, post-paid for $1.00.

WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES COMPANY

Wheeling, W. Va., .... U.S.A.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST

can be secured for any class of castings by arranging your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult -with

The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited

18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO

EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS

TESTS OF METALS. FUELS, CORES, OILS. Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.

BABBITT METALS

FOR ALL PURPOSES

LUMEN BEARING COMPANY

BUFFALO TORONTO

INFORMATION

about every conceivable subject finds its way into the newspapers. The function of
THE CANADIAN PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU is to collect ALL the items of
information appearing in Canadian newspapers about any subject YOU are inter-
ested in. Our service is thorough. We don't miss an item. If you want ALL THE
CURRENT INFORMATION about a pet subject, we can supply it at the lowest cost.
By using our service you can KEEP POSTED on any subject.

WRITE FOR OUR FREE BOOKLET

THE CANADIAN PRESS CLIPPING BUREAU

232 McGill Street, Montreal 10 Front Street E., Toronto

HERE IS A SPLENDID

Sensitive Column Dri

For drilling holes up to 5/16 of an inch it gives remarkable
satisfaction. The spindle has two speeds and is driven by a
1" flat belt. It is relieved of all belt strain, is counter-
balanced and provided with means for taking up wear. As
the column is graduated by a vertical line its full length, the
centre of the table may be set in line with the spindle at any
point of vertical adjustment. A cup centre is furnished with
each machine as a substitute for the table in centreing small
work. Write for Circular and Price.

D. McKENZIE

9 Nottingham Street - - GUELPH, ONT

r

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OAK Y"w<.

:extra^»

kTANNC

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pattern storage, three storey building. 5ft' x 40' ;
foundry, 215' x 70' : engine gang structural shop,
192' x 50' ; blacksmith shop, 154' x 70' ; iron stor-
age building, 128' x 100' ; shear shop, 100' x 32' ;
transformer station, 14' x 12' ; cupola house, 52'
x 32'. Besides twelve new structures, either
separate buildings or additions, three large new
warehouses will be erected at Brandon, Saska-
toon and Calgary. The largo warehouse at Re-
gina will also be added to, making in all prac-
tically sixteen new buildings to be put up this
\ear by the Cockshutt concern.

BRIDGEBURG.— The Norcross Marble Co., and
Monitor Harrow Co., are looking for sights
here.

GUELPH— The Chapman Double Ball Bearing
Co., Toronto, were given an order from the
Taylor Forbes Co., for the fitting of their en-
tire plant with double ball bearings.

HESPELER, ONT.— The Chapman Double Ball
Bearing Co., Toronto, are equipping the balance
Of the K. Forbes Co. plant with double ball
bearings. About four years ago one department
was equipped and gave good service.

NELSON, B.C.— The Nelson Iron Works, has
taken over the business and stock of the Ross-
land Engineering Works, Rossland B.C., and will
succeed that company as British Columbia
agents for the Sullivan Machinery Co., Chi-
cago.

OSHAWA. — Fittings, Limited, have purchased
the adjoining property and will extend- Their an-
nual pay roll is now over one million dollars.

OSHAWA.— The McLaughlin Carriage Co., have
let the contract for a 300 ft. extension to their
automobile department. Geo. McLaughlin re-
ports that they require 2,500 h.p. at once and
in a short time more will be needed. They have
bought 43 acres near their present property.

PORT ARTHUR— Recognizing the increase in
shipping at the head of the Great Lakes, the
Western Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co. now have
under construction a $1,250,000 dry dock and
shipbuilding plant. This will be capable of
handling the largest boats at present on the
lakes, and the keels for two 600-foot freighters
are expected to be laid as soon as the plant is
far enough advanced for same.

This work will entail a large amount of ma-
chinery, as there will be a complete boiler shop,
rolling and punching shops, pattern shop and
foundry. It will employ at least 500 hands
when in complete operation. At the present
moment about 200 men are on the ground on
the construction work.

TORONTO.— It is announced that the head of-
fices of the Ontario Iron and Steel Co. and the
Fage-Hersey Tube Works will be moved from
here to Welland and will be located along with
the factories at that place. A fine brick office
is being erected.

WINDSOR.— The council has voted to sell the
Regal Motor Co., Detroit, sufficient ground now
owned by the municipality to enable a good-sized
factory to be erected, witli provision for future
growth.

WINDSOR.— The Paterson Automobile Co., of
Flint, Mich, has purchased ground in Windsor,
and will establish a Canadian branch. The
buildings now on the property will be remodeled
at once, and work started under the supervision
of T. G. Ferris.

Industrial Notes.

BRANTFORD — Austen Bros., who have been
carrying on a pattern-making business, are form-
ing the Austen Bros. Stove Co., to manufacture
a iii'W stove patented by them.

BBANTFORD.— The Brantford Emery Wheel Co..
aro extending their lines by taking up the manu-
facture of vitrified emery wheels as well as the
silicate wheel they have been manufacturing for
some time'.

CAMPBELLTON. N. B— Letters patent have
been granted to the McLennan Foundry & Ma-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Canadian

Hart Wheels

442 Barton St. East. Hamilton

Corundum and Emery Wheels

Grinding Machines, Bearer

Oil Stones.

JOHN J. GARTSHORE

83 Front St. W., Toronto

and SUPPLIES

New and Second-hand
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAY8, Etc.
Old Material Bought and 8old.

RAILS

STEELCRETE

EXPANDED METAL

REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and R00F8.

The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.

WRITE FOR HAND BOOK AND 8AMPLE8

Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.

Expanded Metal & Fireproofing Co., Limited

100 King Street West. TORONTO

Do You Want

a reliable chuck — one that will
answer every call you may make
upon it ? Then get the

IMPERIAL CHUCK.

It's just as good as care, skill and
good materials can make it, and
we want you to try it. May we
send you one on

30 Days' FREE TRIAL?

If it won't answer every test you
can apply, send it back at our
charge.

Write us to-day.

Ker & Goodwin

Brantford, Canada

chine Works here, with a capital stock ol $59,-
000. They will carry on a general engineering,
foundry and machine business.

AMHERST. N. S — Fire gutted the works o!
the Malleable Iron Co. The building is brick
and is 200 feet long by 60 feet wide. In the past
six months the works have been fully occupied,
employing one hundred men. making the malle-
able castings for the car works at Amherst and
in Montreal.

BRANTFORD.— Brantford Scale Co., Ltd., is
applying for a $40,000 charter to manufacture
scales. M. Herod, of Herod & Co., is the pro-
moter.

CHATHAM.— The Anhut Motor Car Co., De-
troit and Chatham, will in July commence the
manufacture at their branch here, of cars for
next year's Canadian trade.

GRIMSBY.— The Hall Zryd Foundry Co. will
build a new foundry, if the town grants them
the loan they ask for.

HAMILTON.— The National Fireproofing Co..
of Canada, will locate in Canada, with head-
quarters at this place, where 125 acres of land
have been secured, on which a plant will be
cp.cted to cost $1,000,000.

HAMILTON.— Tho International Harvester Co.
of America and the Oliver Chilled Plow Co. of
Canada, both Hamilton firms, have completed an
arrangement whereby the International will
handle the entire sale of the Oliver company.

HAMILTON.— The following local companies
will either build or make additions to thedr
plants and factories at that place : The Inter-
national Harvester Co., additions, $500,000 ; E.
T. Wright Co.. $11,000; Canadian Westinghouse Co.,
$35,000 ; Sawyer-Massey Co., $11,000 | Chipman-
Holton Co.. $8,000 j Princess Underwear Co., $3,-
000.

LONDON.— Wortman & Ward's had a $30,000
fire. The destroyed shops will be rebuilt at
once.

LONDON.— The Labatt Mfg. Co.. have taken
up brass molding, the organisation for which is
now progressing.

MONTREAL.— Plans have been filed at Ottawa,
by F. Orr Lewis, president of Lewis Bros.. Mont-
real, Canadian agents of Vickers, Sons & Maxim.
for a $2,500,000 shipbuilding and ship repairing
plant to be built by this English firm in Mont-
real. It will be located on the shore of the St.
Lawrence, near Longue Pointe, and will include
a floating dry dock, three large berths for the
repairing and building of steel vessels, machine
shops and plant capable of doing the heaviest
construction work.

MORRISBURG— The Morrisburg Tack Mfg. Co.
have now a new board of directors, composed of
Andrew Broder. H. H. Bradfield. W. H. McGan-
nou. William Eager and C. B. Russell. Those
retiring from the board were George N. Hickey.
J. H. Mullin and Irwin Hilliard. At a meeting
of the directors William Eager was elected pres-
ident. H. H. Bradfield, secretary, C. B. Russell,
managing director.

NEW GLASGOW.— Two new buildings costing
$100,000 will be erected at this place by the
Nova Sc-itia Steel Co.. in the near future. It is
expected that the company will install machin-
ery for the turning out of products other than
those now manufactured.

NEW WESTMINSTER.— It is stated that large
car building shops will be established on this
coast by the C.N.R. and that t'e site will likely
be opposite tho mills of the Frasrr River Lum-
ber Co.

NORTH SYDNEY, N. S.-The machine shops
and forge of R. Musgrave & Sons were destroy-
ed by fire. Loss, about $20,000.

OSHAWA.— The McLaughlin Carriage Co.. con-
template a large addition to their works- to cope
with the tremendous demands for the McLaugh-
lin-Buick automobiles. ,

PETERBORO.— A new machine shop will be
erected at the Canadian General Electric Works,
estimated cost about $100,000.

Grey

Iron

Castings

STRONG CASTINGS, PROP-
ERLY MADE TO MACHINE
EASILY.

Win. Hamilton Co., Ltd.

PETERBORO, ONT.

OPAL GLASS TILING

FOR WALLS OP

MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES

.lost approved material.
TORONTO PLATE CLA88 IMPORTING CO'Y

PLATB ahd window slam
135 to 143 Vlotorla St.. - Toronto

Oil Tempered

Steel

Springs

— for every purpose
and the best for each

—Special styles of
all kinds to order.

THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRING CO.

Cleveland, Ohio.

66

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BENCH

POWER PRESS

Design

Particularly adapted for small, quick
work, to take place of foot presses.

Write for Price*.

W. H. Banfield & Sons

MACHINISTS, DIE AND TOOL MAKERS

120 Adelaide Street Weit
TORONTO - - - CANADA

Special Taps

Special Dies

Special Reamers

Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.

Wehave the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.

A.B.JARDINE&CO.

HESPELER, ONT.

"GLOBE" TIME RECORDERS

are made in Canada by expert mechanics. They are accurate,
simple in construction, strong, and of good chaste appearance.
They will record with absolute accuracy the arrival and de-
parture of your employees (TO THE MINUTE), making you
pay for what you get and no more. All lates and short time
marked in red, regular time in green. The small cut at the
top illustrates the WEEKLY MODEL, an entirely automatic
recorder requiring no attention whatever during the week,
as all changes, etc., occur automatically (DONE BY CLOCK
WORK). The DAILY MODEL is shown in the cut at the
bottom. This recorder is being used mostly in large shops,
etc., where a large number of hands are employed. With the
"GLOBE" TIME RE-
CORDERS only one oper-
ation is required as
against Ave with most
others.

Inspection may be in ade
through the glass sides of
the case, but tampering
with records is impossible,
no danger of having
soiled, torn or lost records
when same are un'avor-
able, as is the case with all CARD CLOCKS. We are now
manufacturing over 224 DIFFERENT TIME RECORD-
ING CLOCKS, and are in a position to meet the require-
ments of any business. Write usabout your needs and let
us suggest what will best meet with your requirements.
WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRY.

W. A. WOOD, Manufacturer

Head Office and Factory : 40 St. George St., Montreal

Branch Office* :

65-67 Victoria St., Toronto

19 Bleurjr St., Montreal

REDCLIFFE. ALTA.— N. H. Bolton, ol Minnea-
polis, will build a foundry and machine shop
here.

SAULT STE. MARIE.— The entire plant of
the Northern Foundry and Machine Co., com-
prising the machine shop, foundry, and mould-
ing department, was destroyed by fire. It was
the largest of the independent industries in the
city, employing from 25 to 50 hands. The loss
is about $30,000, mostly covered by insurance.

SASKATOON.— The Saskatoon Machine and
Foundry Co., made their first blast early in
June- Everything in the line of cast iron will
be made. Brass molding will also be carried on
extensively.

PETERBORO.— The Peterboro Lock Co. are
making a large addition to their factory and
the equipment is also being added to by several
new presses. The offices have been remodelled
and many new designs of locks are being added
to the company's output.

ST. CATHARINES.— The Russell Machine Co..
which was burnt out by a recent fire, has re-
built. Since the fire their business has increased
considerably. They intend taking up the manu-
facture of special appliances in the near future.
ST. CATHARINES.— The St. Catharines Brass
Works which suffered a complete loss by fire re-
cently have rebuilt their plant.

ST. CATHARINES.— The John Deer Plow Co.
contemplate locating their Canadian branch at
this place.

STRATFORD.— The plant of the Ontario Brass
and Copper Co., which has beem doing business
at 491 King St. West, Toronto, has been pur-
chased by the Crown Electric Co., of this city,
and will be removed here as soon as the local
factory is ready.

VANCOUVER.— The machine shop owned by
Twohey & Turpin was totally destroyed by fire
on June 16.

WELLAND — The head offices of the Ontario
Iron and Steel Co., and the Page-Hersey Tube
Works, are to be moved from Toronto to Wel-
land, where the factories are now located, A
new brick office building is under erection for the
office staff of twenty who will go to Welland.

WELLAND.— The Electro-Steel Co., will build
a plant here.

WINNIPEG.— Permits were issued to the Can-
adian Pacific Railway Company for new oar
shops at ?65.0OO.

WINNIPEG.— The McClary Mfg. Co. have pur-
chased additional property to the extent of 100
feet to 150 feet at the rear of their warehouse
on which a temporary storage shed will be erect-
ed at once. The company intend building a
large warehouse in connection with the present
building in the course of a few years.

Municipal Enterprises.

LA TUQUE, QUE.— The council here will call
for tenders for the construction of a waterworks
system. Estimated cost, $300,000.

NEW WESTMINSTER.— Tenders will be receiv-
ed here for the laying of about 14 miles of 25-
inch riveted steel water mains and about 7,780
lent of 12-inch and 7,500 feet of 13-inch lap-weld-
ed pipe.

POINT GREY, B. C— The council are consider-
ing projects for an appropriation of $500,1)00 to
cover the cost of reservoir and site and the lay-
ing of mains. A by-law for $250,000 will also be
introduced for sewerage works.

TORONTO.— Chipman & Power, of this city,
have been engaged as designing and superintend-
ing engineers in connection with the proposed
waterworks and sewerage systems at Dauphin,
Man.

ST. JOHN. N. B.— City Engineer Murdoch, has
estimated the cost of a new incinerator plant
from $50,000 to $100,000.

WELLAND.— The Water Commissioners have re-
commended to council the submitting of a by-
law to raise for waterworks improvements $60,-
000.

6;

Electrical Notes.

BROCKVILLE.— In accordance with the by-law
recently passed by the ratepayers providing for
an expenditure of $50,000 for improvements und
extensions to the light and power plant, the
commissioners have awarded tenders for two new
steam engines and electrical equipment, Lawrie
& Lamb, Montreal, were awarded the contract
for the steam engines, and Kilmer, Pullen &
Burnham, Toronto, will supply the electric
equipment.

CALGARY. — Flans are being prepared for a
power plant to cost $80,000.

CALGARY.— The ratepayers carried the $10.-
000 electric light plant extension by-law.

CARGILL, ONT. — The power house was burned
early in June.

CALGARY. — Tenders will be received until July
12 for one 150 B.H.P. engine, 300 r.p.m., with
condensor : also one 600 k.w.d.c. 600 volt gener-
ator switchboard, etc. H. E. Gillis city clerk.

DAUPHIN. MAN.— The $11,000 by-law for elec-
tric light purposes was carried.

FARNHAM. — The ratepayers have approved of
a by-law to raise $100,000 for the erection of a
dam and for general power development work.

FORT FRANCES. ONT.— The Minnesota &
Ontario Power Co. have been granted a right by
the Dominion Government to export 3,500 horse-
power, or half of the total now developed.

MONTREAL.— The General Electric Co., of
Sweden, have been awarded the contract for elec-
trical equipment required for the Jacobs Build-
ing sub-station of the Dominion Light, Heat &
Power Co. One 150 h.p. motor generator set and
one 350 k.w. engine type generator will be in-
stalled.

MONTREAL— The Canadian Westinghouse Co.
have secured the contract from the Quebec Rail-
way, Light, Heat & Power Co. for this season's
transformer requirements. Also for 25.000 volt
lightning arresters, disconnecting switches and
choke coils.

INGERSOLL. — Two by-laws were carried, one
to raise $39,800 to acquire the plant of the In-
gersoll Power & Light Co. and the other to raise
$15,000 to make improvements and extensions to
plant.

MONCTON, N.B.— The agreement prepared by
the city council with the Street Railway Electric
& Gas Co. for the leasing of the city lighting
plant for thirty-nine years was endorsed by the
ratepayers.

PETERBORO— The Peterboro Light & Power
Co. will erect a power house at Auburn to cost
about $150,000.

POINT GREY. B.C.— The B.C.E.R. agrees to
supply this municipality with light for ten years.
Five hundred electric lights will be installed.

PORT ARTHUR.— The by-law for $10,000 for
extension of the electric lighting system was
carried.

SASKATOON— The Saskatchewan Power Co.
will build a generating plant 12 miles below thiB
city at an estimated cost of $1,000,000.

STAVE LAKE, B.C.— The Western Canada
Power Co. have a large gang of men employed
on the construction of the power plant and lines
leading to it.

TORONTO.— The Electric Light Co. have made
the following proposal to the city, in the utiliza-
tion by the city of Hydro-Electric power: The city
shall have the joint use of the company's poles
and conduits at a rental that will meet the in-
terest, maintenance and depreciation of the poles
and conduits. The city may take over the
lighting of the streets and civic property irre-
spective of any contract with thei company. The
city and company are to supply each other with
electric energy in case of emergency at a rate to
be agreed upon.

WINDSOR.— The citizens by a vote of 622 to
620 decided to allow the Electric Distributing
Co. franchise.

New Companies.

Taylor & Arnold. Montreal : capital. $50,000 ;
to manufacture and deal in iron, steel, metals,
rails, machinery, tools and locomotives. Incor-

MALLEABLE IRON
CASTINGS

PRATT & LETCHWORTH CO.

BRANTFORD ONTARIO

ALUMINIUM

You can

now get your Al-
uminium requirements
promptly attended to by
The British Aluminium

INGOTS, BARS,
SHEETS, RODS,
ANGLES.ALLOYS,
NOTCHED BARS,
CORNICES, WIRE,
CHANNELS, ETC.

The 20th Century Metal"

Lightest and most adaptable of the industrial

metals. Fills a hundred purposes where

the ordinary metal fail. Saves its

cost over and over again by

its lightness and easy

working qualities

our clients,
Co., Limited, of
London, the largest producers
in the United Kingdom.

Sole Agents for Canada : Parke &
Leith, 205 Yonge C'-eet (Bank of
Toronto Building) - - - Toronto.

To-day get Bul-
letin "D" on the
varied uae* of

ALUMINIUM
(Parke & Leith)

JESSOPS

BEST TOOL STEEL

"ARK" High-Speed Steel

THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STEEL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOPS HIGH-GRADE FILES AND RASPS.

80 Bay, St., Toronto, Ontario

Ghas. L. Bailey, Agent.

Reid-Newfoundland Company

St. John's, Newfoundland.

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd
Montreal, Quebec

r

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.,
St. John, New Brunswick

WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

You've got to use crucibles ; are you sure you are using the
best ? Do you know you could increase efficiency in your
foundry ?

DIXON'S CRUCIBLES

have been standard for over jeighty years. Think a moment
what your fifteen or twenty-five years of experience means
to you— and we've had eighty years of crucible making.
Doesn't this justify at least a trial ?

WRITE OUR- CRUCIB LE DEPARTMENT.

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

JERSEY CITY, N.J.

68

CANADIAN MACHINERY

THE BEYER WATCHMAN'S PORTABLE
^^ $ CL0CK

IS TAMPER PROOF

and thoroughly reliable

Shall we send

Particulars?

G.G. BREDIN, Sales Agent
23-' Dundas St. London, Canada

Record Dills tarnished lor all machines.

Do Your
Tumbling

in a Globe improved
Tilting Tumbler and
get finest results.
quickest and cheap-
est. It is made in six
sizes (or all purposes
for wet or dry work.

"GLOBE"

Dies and Stampings.

Special Manufacturing
Contract Work.

If you want to get
an interesting little
magazine free, ask
for "THE SIL-
ENT PARTNER."

THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.

809 Hamilton (treat, Cleveland, 0.

Canadian Agent:
H. W. PETRIE, Front St. W., Toronto, Canada

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

F r general machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Our catalogue shows many
styles and sizes and is sent
free. :

The Cusiiman Chuck Go.

Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.

Established 1862

porators. J. Taylor, T. Arnold, both of the City
of Westmount, and L. S. Rough, St. Lambert,
Que.

Modern Canner Co., Toronto ; capital, $40,000 ;
to manufacture and deal in canning machinery
and canning supplies of all kinds. Incorporators,
W. J. Taylor. B. Barber and W. J. Thomson,
Toronto.

Utilities, Ltd., Montreal ; capital, $60,000 ; to
carry on the business of contractors, engineers,
machinists and foundry men. Incorporators. J.
A. A. Williams. G. A. Gillies, M. A. Williams,
Montreal.

Waterproof Products, Montreal ; capital, ?250,-
000 : to carry on the business of miners, refiners,
iron founders, masters and engineers. Incorpor-
ators, J. J. Robson. J. H. Brittle, C. R. Hazen,
Montreal.

National Fire-proofing Co., of Canada, Toron-
to ; capital, $1,000,000 j to manufacture and deal
in building and fire-proofing materials. Incor-
porators, G. G. Paulin, F. G. Waters, F. Arm-
strong. Toronto.

The Canadian Hardwood Co., Toronto ; capi-
tal $490,000 : to manufacture and deal in wagons
and vehicles of all kinds, as well as hardware.
Incorporators, S. Johnston, R. H. Permenter, A.
J. Thomson, Toronto.

Western Canada Electric Co., Montreal ; capital
$1,500,000 ; to carry on the business of an elec-
tric light, heat and power company in all its
branches. Incorporators. G. V. Cousins, P. F.
Brown, W. R. Ford, Montreal.

Automatic Cashier Machine Co., Winnipeg : ca-
pital, $100,000 : to manufacture and deal in au-
tomatic cashier machines and money changing
devices. Incorporators, W. H. Brace, J. F- Mor-
rison. S. J. Rebstock, Buffalo. N. Y.

The Halton Telephone Co., Hornby. Ont. ;
capital, $10,000 ; to carry on the general business
of a telephone company. Incorporators, H. E.
Tuck, Township of Esquesing, G. A. Kennedy, A.
Porter, J. Featherson. Township of Trafalgar.

J. O. Gareau, Lts., Montreal ; capital. $200,000 ;
to manufacture and generate electricity and elec-
tric currents for lighting, heating and power to
generate steam and gas. Incorporators, J. 0.
Gareau, A. Lacoste and P. Durocher, Montreal.

Union Special Machine Co., incorporated under
the laws of the State of Illinois, U.S.A. have
been authorized by the Province of Ontario to
manufacture and deal in machinery, tools, goods
and merchandise. M. McNeil, Toronto, has been
appointed to be its attorney.

The National Brass Mfg. Co.. Montreal ; capi-
tal, $50,000 : to manufacture and deal in metal
goods in all their forms, to own and operate a
foundry or foundries for the heating, mixing
melting and casting of brass and other metals.
Incorporators, R. T. Heneker, A. H. Duff and
W. S. Johnson, Montreal.

G. B. Prowse Range Co.. Montreal ; capital,
$50,000 ; to purchase the business formerly car-
red on by the late G. B. Prowse, of Montreal ;
to manufacture and deal in furnaces, ranges, re-
frigerators, all kinds of hardware, machinery,
plumbers' and steamfitters' supplies, paints and
oils. Incorporators, C. C. Prowse, W. P. McVey
and A. Mallette, Montreal.

Planing Mill News.

COBOURG— Mr. Bull's sawmill at Skibberean
about 12 miles from here was totally destroyed
by fire on June 16.

CRANBROOK, B.C.— The Cranbrook (B.C.)
Sash & Door Co. are enlarging their plant, hav-
ing contracted for the entire output of two
mills.

LETHBRIDGE.— Cushing Bros. Co. will erect
a sash and door factory here.

REDCLIFFE, ALTA.— N. H. Bolton, of Minnea-
polis, will build a sash and door factory at this
place.

ST. JOHN.— H. Estabrooks, tea merchant ;
Alexander Wilson, lumber merchant : Stanley E.
Elkin, of the Maritime Nail Works, and W.

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patents Perfected

GEAR CUTTINQ, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PAEMENTEB BULLOCH CO., Ltd.

OANANOQOE, ONT.

Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Escutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED

OWEN SOUND, ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kinds, Grey

Iron and Brass Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

nWO

^ALL KINDS-^

Difficult" Core Work a Specially
High Grade • Right Prices - Prompt Delivery

SAT/STACTORY WORK GUARANT££D

THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS

256 CATHERINE STREET NORTH

HAMILTON . ONT

PATTERNS

Patterns and Models
of any design.

All work guaranteed.
Correspondence Solicited.

JAMES SIBLEY

MjjhaiicU D.-au jht sman and Patternmaker.
156 DUKE STREET, TORONTO

Phone Main, 5747.

YOUNG machinist or technical
graduate wanted to travel. Must
be good talker and resourceful.
No previous traveling experience
necessary. Splendid opportunity
for ambitious man to -work into
a good position. Apply

BOX 101

Canadian Machinery

Toronto

Canadian machinery

69

ONE MAN

can cut threads on 6-in. pipe with a

"BEAVER"

ADJUSTABLE DIE STOCK

No. 6, threading 1-4.3-8, 1-2. 3-4 in. complete.
No changing of Dies or Bushings.

No. 60. cuts 2'A, 3. VA, 4. i%, 5, and 6 inch pipe

NOTE— That with the three tools
shown above you can thread from
1-4 in. to 6 in. pipe. No loose parts.

"WARREN " DIE STOCK

(Non-receding dies - adjustable.)
Each stock cuts two sizes. Made in four sizes

Prices $5.00, $5.50, $6.00 and $7.00.

THEY SAVE TIME AND MONEY
Write for our Illustrated List

Borden-Canadian Go.

Richmond St. Eas>, Toronto, Ont.

I. Fenton, insurance manager, are applying ior
incorporation as the Wilson Box Co.. to carry
on the manufacture of wooden boxes, barrels,
etc., in Milford, St. John county. The capital
stock of the company is $50,000.

SOUTH MAITLAND. N.S.— The mills of the
Anthony Lumber Co. were destroyed by fire last
month. Total loss, $90,000.

TORONTO. — Scholey Bros., lumber and planing,
was gutted by fire early in June.

General Manufacturing News.

ALBERNI. B. C— The Barclay Sound Cedar Co.
will build a large timber mill at this place.

CHATHAM.— Win. Gray & Sons have purchas-
ed the property latterly occupied by the Modern
Malleable Range Co. The Gray company will
carry on the manufacture of automobile bodies
and tops in the new premises.

LONDON.— The London Concrete Machinery Co.
will enlarge their plant.

LONDON. — A factory to manufacture autoino
bile bodies and assemble the parts is under con-
sideration by Fred. Mitchell, who has a garage
here.

MONTREAL.— The Holland Varnish Co. are
erecting a factory here to cost (20,000.

MONTREAL.— The Kingsbury Footwear Co.
will erect a factory double the proportion of
their present plant.

MONTREAL.— The merger of five large rubber
companies is announced — the Walpole Rubber
Company, of Granby, Quebec, the Massachusetts
Chemical Co.. the Walpole Shoe Supply Wonks.
and the Walpole Varnish Works. Walpole. and
the Valveless Inner Tube Co., of New York.

NEW WESTMINSTER.— The National Paper
Mills, of Vancouver, purpose erecting a plant
near here for the manufacture of pulp and paper.

OWEN SOUND.— A syndicate of English capital-
ists will construct a million dollar shipbuilding
and repair plant and two dry docks at this
place.

OTTAWA.— The National Bag and Paper Co.
will build a factory here capable of turning out
1.000.000 paper bags daily. Work on the new fac-
tory will be started at once.

PARIS. ONT.— Tate Bros.. have secured the
contract for the big $50,000 extension to the Pen-
man mills at this place.

PORT COLBORNE.— David Dick & Sons, of
Welland, have the contract lor building the In-
ternational Cork Factory to be erected here.
Cost about $40,000.

VANCOUVER.— A permit has been issued (or
the erection of the plant for the Pacific Pressed
Brick Co.. at a cost of $70,000.

VICTORIA— The Warswick Asphalt Pavement
Co. will erect a plant at this place, to cost
$40,000.

VANCOUVER.— The Stegar Silica Brick Co.
will build a large plant here.

VANCOUVER.— Col. W. B. Dickey will build
a $70,000 brick plant here.

WELLAND.— The Canadian New Way Motor
Co. will locate here. This company is a branch
of the New Way Motor Co., of Lansing, Mich.
It will manufacture air-cooled gas and gasolene
engines, and will employ one hundred men.

Canadian Plant for Michigan Stamping
Company.

Articles of incorporation have been filed for
a new company to be known as the Dominion
Stamping Co., with an authorized capital of
$100,000 of which $60,000 has been paid in.

It is the intention of the company to purchase
a large tract in Walkerville, Ont., and erect a
substantial brick factory building in which they
intend to manufacture general automobile stamp-
ings, including hoods, tanks, fenders, etc., also
a large line of stove parts as well as cater to
general stamping and machine work.

The principal stock holders are : — Henry P.
Cope, John H. French, Geo. S. French, Fred.

A Constant-Speed Drive

A fundamental underlying
principle of a constant-speed
drive and the mechanically
obtained speed changes incident
thereto is convenience.

Any machine so designed
as to entail the absolute stop-
page of the driving pulley, as
well as the machine in order to
change speeds by the shifting
of a tumbler gear or engage-
ment of a positive clutch does
not in any way meet the require-
ments of the case.

Friction back gears are,
comparatively, an advantage,
but the quick change so obtain-
ed is too great. Quick speed
changes should have but a slight
increment from one to another,
in order that the surface speed
of the work may be readily and
properly accommodated to the
capacity of the cutting tool.

A perfect constant-speed
drive is one of the many features
incorporated in the VERTICAL
TURRET LATHE which tend
to make it such a remarkable
machine for rapid production of
absolutely perfect work.

This feature is only one of
the many incorporated in the

VERTICAL TURRET
LATHE which is fully illustrat-
ed in catalog C-15, which is free
for the asking.

The Milliard MachineTool Go.

Bridgeport, Conn., U.S.A.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

J. Armstrong. Peter B. Luyster. Milton T. Wat-
son, Robert Houghton and Walter F. Tant, all
of Detroit ; Ben]. W. Valet, of Ironwood. Mich. :
and Chas. J. Albert Montreuil, of Walkerville.

Reid Co., St. John's, Newfoundland.

The Reid Co., St. Johns, Newfoundland, are
planning to erect a commodious and up-to-date
foundry and machine shop in connection with
their dry docks and works. The new building
will be fitted with the most modern machine
tools and machine shop foundry equipment.

Up to the present the company have not been
making their own castings but they intend go-
ing extensively into that line and build engines
and cars for their railroad. The Reid drydock is
640 feet long and here the company's fleet is
kept in repair. Reid steamships ply along the
Labrador and Newfoundland coast and they
have also a line running to Sidney, N.S. — D.W.

G. T. R. Order Equipment.

In addition to the 1.000 steel frame box cars.
500 automobile cars and 10 passenger engines,
the G.T.R. has placed orders for $2,000,000 worth
of equipment. Included in the new order, are 15
Richmond freight engines. 25 mogul locomotives.
1.000 hopper bottom coal cars and 500 steel
frame freight cars. The order for cars, has been
placed with the Canada Car Co., Montreal,
Sillker Car Co.. Halifax, and G.T.R. shops.
Point St. Charles.

Machine Tools for C. N. R.

The Canadian Northern Railway, Winnipeg,
are in the market for a list of tools as follows :

One 6-foot radial drill.

Three 30-inch upright drill presses.

One 250-ton 42-inch car wheel hydraulic press.

One 24-inch by 12-foot double back geared en-
gine lathe.

One 30-incn by 14-foot double back geared en-
gine lathe-
One 30-inch turret head vertical boring mill.

Three 10-inch screw cutting bolt lathes.

One Rockover grate molding machine.

One power hack saw.

Three emery wheel stands.

One oil flanging furnace for handling boiler
plates.

One 14-inch upright slotting machine.

One 18-inch brass finishers' lathe.

One 42-inch car wheel boring machine.

One 36-inch by 36-inch by 10-foot double head
iron planer.

One punch and shears.

One 800 pound steam hammer.

One 1-inch to 4-inch pipe threading machine.

One set of plate rolls.

One 24-inch by 12-foot engine lathe.

One 24-inch upright iron shaper.

One 24-inch by 36-inch by 14-foot gas engine
lathe.

BROWNING

CRANES
BUCK ETS
MAGNETS
SHOVELS, Etc.

At a Urge manufacturing plant of any kind, one of these machines
can He used with profit for handling' coal and other loose material,
and or doing all necessary lifting and hauling in the yard.

T.et us send you Bulletin with full information.

The

Browning Engineering Co.

Cleveland, Ohio

MACHINERY SALESMAN
WANTED

Experienced machinery
salesman wanted for the
Province of Ontario. A
technical graduate or
man with thorough tech-
nical training preferred.
Good salary to right
man. State age, experi-
ence, etc. Applications
will be considered con-
fidential.

BOX 252,

CANADIAN MACHINERY
TORONTO

NORTHERN
CRANES!

All kinds of Cranes-
Hand and Electric
Foundry Equipment
The Newten Cupola.

Catalogue Free

Northern Engineering Works

16 Ctiene St., Detroit, Mich.

ffT^™

Advance Machine Works, Limited, Walkerville, Ont.,
Manufacturers for Canada.

High Grade Malleable Castings

of all sizes and kinds

Gait Malleable Iron Co., Limited - Gait, Ontari0

Oawfaiidl Ta^toikaill §>dln©<s>H

By Jo Ac W®&sft@!rB B.

IX the erection of the new Technical
High School, anil in the working out
of a co-related curriculum, technie
supplemented with the academic, Cleve-
land has set the pace so to speak, and
many of the other larger cities are mak-
ing haste and falling into line.

The Cleveland Technical High Sehool
is unlike any technical or manual train-
ing Bchool, institute, or college in the
country. The technical work is made
the more prominent feature and this is
Supplemented or co-related with the
academic in such a way that the latter
is made to strengthen and assist the
technical. Mechanical drawing and
mathematics are expressed in prac-
tical applications by constructing tools
and articles in the machine shop or pat-
tern-making department; freehand draw-
ing limls expression in its forms, de-
signs, and nut lines in the pottery, print-
ing, millinery or dressmaking depart-
ments; applied chemistry experiments
in food adulterations, etc., lends interest
and instruction in the departments of
Booking. Thus it will be seen how the
hand and head are educated, one in
sympathy and harmony with the other.

New York City has a boy's technical
school, the Stuyvesant. and means have
been appropriated for a girls' school, to
be known as the Washington Irving.
Newark, X.J.. is erecting two technical
schools, each costing $1)00,000. Chicago
is planning to build three or more; Buf-
falo, N.Y., has decided to spend $600,-
000 for a technical school, and Cincin-
nati has appropriated a like amount for

* Department ot Printing, Cleveland Technical
School.

similar purposes. Grand Rapids, Mich.,
will build a $250,000 technical school,
while St. Louis has just erected a $500,-
000 building, and St. Paul is soon to
have a fine new public edilice for this
line of education.

Scarcely a day passes that the board
of education, or Principal Jas. P. Barker
of the Cleveland Technical High School.
does not receive inquiries as to the
course of study or the educational re-
quirements of this new high school, and .
many national educators and commit-
tees from schools, colleges, and boards
of education have visited the school dur-
ing the past three months. At least
25,000 persons have passed through the
rooms and shops, and this number is
being rapidly increased daily.

The United Stales has been a little
tardy in accepting this natural means of
imparting knowledge. We find that
England, France and Germany, lead all
other nations in providing a technical
education for citizenship. For a score
or more years Germany has taught man-
ual training in her public schools, and
to-day Japan has over 1,000 schools, pub-
lic and private, which furnish a tech-
nical education to her citizens, although
she has to send to the United Stales for
nine;] of the machinery used in her
schools.

During the past quarter of a century
the public schools of the United States,
and, in fad. nearly all of the schools
and colleges of the country, have offered
instruction that was really helpful in a
practical sense to only about ten per
cent, of those who most needed it.

There are in the academio positions,
professors, teachers, lawyers, doctors,

ministers, etc., about ten per cent, of
the working population in our civiliza-
tion. This leaves ninety per cent, labor-
ers, who either had to go without a prac-
tical education or had to prepare them-
selves with the same kind of an educa-
tion offered the professions. Again we
find about four per cent, of our active
population employed in the professional
and official life, leaving ninety-six per
cent, employed in industry and com-
merce, yet the education of the past has
been conserved to the larger benefit of
the four per cent.

Broad Education.

In this practical age we have out-
grown the antiquated notion that eilu-
eation is only of the head, for the head,
and by the head, just as a few decades
ago it was discovered that something
more than the three r's was needed to
round out one's education. We have
been tardy in tearing that there must
be an end to this fatal lack of direc-
tion in education. In combining the
three h's, head, heart and hand, we are
going to discover the manly man in the
lad and the worthy woman in the lass.

There is- no greater tragedy than the
wilful or ignorant wasting of the youth.
With all our twentieth century educa-
tion, with bur pomp of material pro-
gress and intellectual refinement, -we
have only learned the first lesson of how
to save the child into usefulness, happi-
ness and refinement.

In a technical education all are taught
the rudiments of language, arithmetic,
geography, science, writing and history.
In connection with this academic train-
ing such boys and girls . who wish to
learn some special work into which in-

32

CANADIAN MACHINERY

clination and aptitude directs, or through
the direction of wise parents, are given
ample opportunty by competent instruc-
tors, with the use of the latest applied
machinery and instruments available.

Mind and hand are alternately called
into activity in a way that relieves much

1

(1 #

1

•

8
1

1

Running a Milling Machine, at Cleveland Tech-
nical School.

of the fatigue and strain of ordinary
school work, while at the same time the
work of each supplements and mutually
illustrates and strengthens the other.
What is learned in the recitation room
is applied in the shop or laboratory;
theories are put into practice, ideas are
wrought into tangible form, and labor
in turn, when shown in its relations to
human thought and history and art, be-
comes'transformed into a most noble
and fascinatiug thing.

This combination of the academic and
teehnic does not mean the gross ma-
terialism of education. It means rather
the union of the real with the ideal, and
that all the varied human likes and
loves shall have their natural expres-
sion. Professors and scholars will not
be exterminated because we educate and
train carpenters, nor philosophers be-
come extinct because we teach men to
(become skilled mechanics. With bet-
ter machinists, and more efficient car-
penters will dawn a new optimism to
philosophy and a truer basis to scholas-
ticism, and we will have learned and
acknowledged the fundamental truth of
civilization, that the first duty of a use-
ful citizen is to earn an honest living.

A glance at a few statistics taken in

Cleveland and throughout the State of

Ohio (and these statistics compared to

other states and large cities, will be

found conservative) show the lack of

our educational system during the past,
as well as illustrates the present needs
of a newer and larger curriculum.

At present there are 12S.01M children
of school age in Cleveland. Of these
90,673 are under sixteen years of age,
and 41,20(i not in any school. Most of
these are over sixteen years of age.

In 19O0 2,447 children dropped out of
school between the sixth anil eighth
grades. In 1908 3 144 dropped out. and
in 1907 2,925 dropped out. Thus 8,916
children dropped out of school at this
critical age in the last three years into
unskilled labor.

In round numbers there are 30,000
children in Cleveland between the ages
of sixteen and twenty-one who are earn-
ing their living without any special pre-
paration and there are at least 10.000
children between the ages of fourteen
and sixteen who are helping to earn a
living without an education of any spe-
cial preparation.

Out of the 460 factories written in
Ohio, but 61 have some sort of appren-
ticeship for its employes, and only one
turns out machinists to fill a great and
growing want. The wave of popular
thought that as spreading over the whole
nation shows that a change in our sys-
tem of education is demanded and that
our boards of education are meeting this
demand. Cleveland has been foremost,
and through her progressive board of
education and an able corps of instruc-
tors is fast working out a text of teeh-
nic and academic instruction that will
appeal to the needs of the day.

Cleveland Technical School.

The Cleveland Technical High School
owes its origin to the board of educa-
tion of 1906. In his inaugural address
at that time, the president, Mr. Samuel
Orth, said: "Industrial education as
carried out by the manual training de-
partment of the high schools was wholly
inadequate; that this manual training
was entirely secondary; and that though
it aimed at adapt ness. it was not of such
a nature as fitted for an occupation.''
An educational commission reported fav-
orably to the establishment of a manual
training high school in September, the
same year, and on March 5. 1906, the
board unanimously adopted a resolution
authorizing the issue of bonds for the
purpose of erecting such a school.

Active operation began on the build-
ing Angnsl 30, 1907, and the school was
opened for enrollment of pupils and the
organization of classes October (i. 1908,
and one week later, regular class work
began in all departments, with an at-
tendance of over seven hundred pupils,
Of this number only forty-seven came
from other high schools in the city, thus
verifying the prediction that the school
would create its own field in a high

school population whose want had hith-
erto been unmet.

The style of the building is English

(lot hie. It is a dark reddish brown su-
perstructure with terra eotta trimming,
and rests upon a heavy stone water talble
which gives an effect of strength and
massiveness well calculated to offset the
usual amount of wall space sacrificed to
ample lighting. Upon entering the
building from the main entrance there
is a large reception room at the right,
while at the left are the offices. Directly
opposite the entrance across the main
corridor, which connects the north and
south wings, is the spacious auditorium,
with a seating capacity of nearly four-
teen hundred. The lecture rooms and
laboratories for physics and chemistry
are at each end of the main building. In
the north wing the entire area is de-
.1 to a lunch room, with large kitchen
and serving rooms. The main dining
room for pupils seats about 30ft, and a
smaller room for teachers accommodates
about 25. where noon-day lunch is served
at nominal cost.

The entire south wing basement, as

well as the first fl '. is occupied by the

shops. The pottery department is well
equipped with putter's wheels, lathes
for turning models, a slip house and a
glass room set. kilns, cabinets, etc. Ad-
jacent to this is the forge shop, with
provisions for a blacksmith class of 36.
The forges have down draft and the

Hunning a Lathe at Cleveland Technical School.

entire equipment is thoroughly modern.

The next room is the machine shop with
heavy machines suitable for the very
best of trade ins! ruction. At the end
of the corridor is a foundry with -a
Cupola for the melting of iron, a brass
furnace, suitable core ovens, etc. At

CANADIAN MACHINERY

33

the extreme rear of the building the
beating and power plant is installed.
This furnishes heat, ventilation, electric
light and power and has a capacity of
over four hundred horse-power.

Ou the first floor of the main build-
ing: at the front corners are two large

women already engaged in a vocation to
better their condition by increasing their
technical knowledge and skill.

In most classes the nature of the
studies and the purposes in view are so
different as to demand a separation of
the boys and girls. There is, therefore,

Pattern Making, Cleveland Technical School.

rooms, with seating capacity of two
hundred and fifty reserved as study
halls, one for boys and one for girls.
In the wing above the shops are five
wood-working shops, including joinery,
turning, cabinet-making and pattern-
making shops and a room for re-sawing
and storing stock. In addition to the
usual hand tools in these rooms, suit-
able wood-working machinery has been
installed to meet the requirements of
modern methods of manufacture. Op-
posite the entrance to this corridor is a
drafting room for the preparation of
designs for school problems. There is
also a room for varnishing and finishing
woodwork.

The second floor is devoted to recita-
tion rooms, the school library and me-
chanical drawing rooms.

The third floor, north wing, is entirely
devoted to the girls' departments. Here
are located the kitchen for instruction
in cooking, the dining rooms for lessons
in table service, and the laundry. Rooms
fur instruction in plain sewing, dress-
making and millinery are situated in
the corner of the building. Additional
mechanical drawing and freehand draw-
ing', applied art and recitation rooms, a
clubroom for school organizations and
a rest room occupy the remaining floor
space.

The' fourth floor is occupied by addi-
tional rooms of the department of ap-
plied arts and by the printing depart-
ment.

Objects in View.

The Cleveland Technical High School
has two immediate ends in view: (1)
To prepare youths of both sexes for a
definite vocation and for efficient indus-
trial citizenship. (2) To help men and

organized within the one building a
boys' school and a girls' school.

The daily session consists of nine
periods of 45 minutes each, beginning
at 8.25 and ending at 3.25. Ordinarily
each student is expected to carry three
academic and two technical or labora-
tory subjects.

The school is in session the year
round. The year is divided into four
quarters of twelve weeks each, with one
vacation week between the quarters.

The subject of mechanical drawing is
taught as the language through which
the student learns to give graphic ex-
pression to ideas which he learns to'
work out later in material forms in shop
and work rooms. It is the one medium
through which craftsmen are able to re-
cord, clarify, and perfect such ideas as

As mechanical drawing is made the
medium of expression in the shop, so
is freehand drawing in the department
of applied arts. Nature forms are
studied and sketched in the flat, in de-
tail and in color. Then they apply in
constructive work, as in borders for gar-
ments, draperies, naperies, and in em-
broideries, in the decoration and mak-
ing of utensils and articles of house-
hold and personal use from various ma-
terials and fabrics.

The course of domestic art includes
plain sewing, the making of outfits for
life in the departments of domestic sci-
ence and domestic art, undergarments,
shirt waist suits, simple summer dresses
and millinery. Principles of handwork
i'. lite way of rolled edges, setting of
lace, handrun tucks and elementary em-
broiaery are introduced and applied to
underwear. Original designs made by
the pupils are used for this work, and
in tie decoration of the table linen fov
?he dining rooms of the domestic science
depai rment.

The purposes of the work in the do-
mestic science department is threefold:
(1) To teach all subjects pertaining to
the care and duties of the home. (2) To
teach all theory relating to the a'bove
subject as applied science, that girls may
acquire intellectual development as well
as practical skill. (3) To teach institu-
tional cooking and kitchen management
as trade subjects, that students may be
prepared for catering as a vocation. The
lunch room in connection with the school
affords excellent opportunity for girls
desiring to specialize in institutional
cooking. After having learned the funda-
mental principles the student may go
into the kitchen or the luneh room and
prepare foods in larger quantities.

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Machine Shop, Cleveland Technical School.

may come to them. The problems not
only bring into use the various instru-
ments in the student's equipment, but
also represent some definite object to be
made later in his course in joinery,
wood-turning, forging or pattern-mak-
ing.

Shop work is intended to 'be educative
and creative as well as technically con-
structive. From elements and principles
taught in the mechanical drawing and
shop classes each pupil makes his own
designs, which he executes from work-
ing drawings. Free scope is given to his

34

CANADIAN MACHINERY

inventive talent in the making of his
designs. When the design is decided
upon, he is held to strict accuracy and
workmanship in its execution.

Specialization.

If after a time a pupil shows peculiar
adaptability in any given direction, spe-
cialization along this line will be permit-
ted in order that on graduation a pupil
may be better fitted for his life work.
The choice of a vocation is forced upon
our youth at an early age, and if a pro-
per choice can then be made it is a
great advantage. After completing two
preliminary years in wood and iron
working and in mechanical drawing, he
may then devote a major part of his
last two years to the particular branch
along which his ambitions lie.

A course of practical printing is of-
fered as a fourth-year elective. This is
utilized in printing official blanks, school
catalogues, the school paper, and an-
nouncements of the school. Much of the
instruction in the various courses of
technical work is of so special a char-
acter that no suitable text book is yet
available. The printing office is there-
fore brought into frequent requisition
for supplying printed copies of the in-
structor's notes, diagrams and explana-
tory text to the students.

A periodical, edited and managed by-
students of the English department is
published as the official organ of the
school. This is illustrated 'by students
of the drawing departments.

One of the most important missions
which this school can fulfill is the better-
ment of people already engaged in some
vocation. ,

The abolishment of the apprentice-
ship system in the sub-division of manu-
facturing processes has made it prac-
tically impossible for mechanics to se-
cure any general training which will in-
crease their efficiency and hence their
earning power in their present position
or enable them to fit themselves for a
better position. This school offers trade
courses during the evening to men and
women who are already employes during
the day. The entire equipment used dur-
ing the day is available for the evening
classes.

Instruction is offered in carpentry,
cabinet-making, pattern-making, ioun-
dry practice, tool forging, sheet metal
work, machine shop practice, trade me-
chanics, applied mechanical, architec-
tural and machine drawing. Complete
courses in plain and hand sewing, ma-
chine sewing, spring and fall mil'inery,
cooking, freehand drawing, chare ial and
water color rendering, clay modeling,
bookbindery, printing, leather work and
'art metal work and designing as ap-
plied to the crafts.

MANUFACTURERS AND UNIVER-
SITIES.

The following suggests a plan whereby
Canadian manufacturers may receive a
great benefit from Universities.

Prof. Robert Kennedy Duncan, Pro-
fessor of Industrial Chemistry in the
University of Kansas, has announced
that three important discoveries have
been made by research students in his
department. Various manufacturing
concerns in the United States have en-
dowed fifteen scholarships, thus furnish-
ing the funds necessary for the experi-
menting. The companies which give the
scholarships have the privilege of indi-
cating the line in which they wish the
research work to be done, and are pro-
tected by patents for the exclusive right
of sale or manufacture of any products
or processes resulting from the experi-
ments. The fifteen scholarships have al-
ready resulted in three remarkable dis-
coveries, and Prof. Duncan states that a
number of other students now engaged
in experimental work will undoubtedly
accomplish important things.

The most important of the discov-
eries made probably is in the manufac-
ture of casein. E. L. Tague, a fellow
in industrial chemistry, has perfected a
process of manufacturing this product
from buttermilk, something chemists
have been unable to accomplish hereto-
fore.

Buttermilk has always been a waste
product. Millions of gallons thrown
away by creameries can now be turn-
ed into a practical benefit for use in the
manufacture of casein, which is exten-
sively used in the sizing of paper by
paper mills. It is also used in manufac-
turing brushes, combs, billiard balls, and
many other articles.

Archie Weith and Frank Brock are
two other students in the same depart-
ment who have made discoveries scarce-
ly less important. After working a year
and a half these young men have found a
way to make an enamel for steel-contain-
ing tanks that has the same coefficient of
expansion as the steel itself. By the
use of their process of manufacture an
enamel is obtained that will not crack
under conditions of extreme heat or cold.
The enamel is also resistant, will flow
over the steel properly in the enamelling
process, and is resistant to acids. It
can be used as a lining for steel tanks
and towers in various kinds of indus-
trial occupations.

Two years ago the National Bakers'
Association granted a fellowship pay-
ing $500 a year to Henry Krohman to
carry on experiments in search of some
means of making salt-rising bread uni-
form in quality.

The efforts of Mr. Krohman also have
proven entirely successful. He has dis-

covered a way to isolate the microbe
which causes the bread to rise. This
means that bakers will be enabled to
supply bread of a better quality and
lower in price to consumers all over (he-
country.

Prof. Duncan, head of the department
of industrial chemistry, is a Canadian,
a native of Brantford, and a graduate of
the University of Toronto. He is him-
self the discoverer of a number of in-
dustrial processes.

TECHNICAL EDUCATION COMMIS-
SION'S TOUR.

The itinerary of the Technical Edu-
cation Commission has been completed.
The first sittings were held at Halifax,
N.S., on July 18, 19 and 20, and others
in the Maritime Provinces will be held as
follows: Lunenburg, July 22; Liverpool
and Yarmouth, 23; Digby, 25; Middle-
ton, 26; Kentville and Wolfville, 27;
Windsor, 28; Truro, 29; Sydney and
district, August 1, 2 and 3; New Glas-
gow, 5; Pictou, 6; Chariot tetown, 7 and
8; Summerside, 10; Amherst, 12; Bhedi-
ac, 14; Moncton, 15 and 16; Sussex and
Hampton, 17; 'St. John, 18 and 19;
Frederieton, 22; Woodstock, 24.

The commission will then go to the
Toronto Exhibition.

The Quebec and Ontario dates are:
Quebec, Sept, 13 to 15; Three Rivers, 16;
Sorel, 17; St. Hyacinthe, 18; Sherbrouke.
20; Montreal and Valleyfield, 21 to 28;
Ottawa and Hull, Sept. 29 to Oct. 3;
Lachute, 4; Smith's Falls, 5; Cornwall,
6; Brockville. 7; Kingston, 11; Belleville,
12; Peterboro, 13 and 14; Toronto, 17
to 20; Barrie and Orillia, 21; Hamilton,
24 to 26; 'St. Catharines, 27; Niagara
Falls, 28; Brantford and Paris, Oct. 31
and Nov. 1; Gait, Nov. 2; Berlin and
Waterloo, 3 and 4; Guelph, 5 and 7;
Stratford, 8; Woodstock, 9; London, 10
and 11; St. Thomas, 14; Chatham, 15;
Windsor and Walkerville, 16.

The commission will then go west and.
stay there till the end of January. On
the way back St. Louis, Chicago and
Milwaukee will be visited. The commis-
sion early in February will go to the
eastern United States and then sail for
Europe.

In one factory a regular doitor spends
eight hours a day at the plant. He has
an office completely .equipped for im-
mediate relief in any kind of accident.

Invoices for miscellaneous supplies as
they come in, are checked with depart-
ment requisitions for those supplies, en-
tered under department headings in a
single loose-leaf book and paid by cheek
on the 26th of each month by the treas-
urer of a steel-casting company. He
saves clerical work and forms.

Tempering Carbon Steel Gears by " Local' Hardening

A Description of Equipment Necessary and the Various Operations in
the Process — This is Known in Sheffield as " Local " Hardening.

By FRANK WALKER.

In tempering gearing dt must be clear-
ly borne in mind that only the teeth re-
quire to be hardened, the other parts of
the wheel or rack must be kept normal,
or better still, be slightly annealed.

The hardness of the teeth must be ab-
solutely uniform and must be accom-
panied by the highest elastic limit ob-
tainable, while cracking or shelling must
be entirely avoided.

Perfection can only be attained by a
thoroughly efficient equipment, operated
by an equally efficient staff, and the
strictest attention to details. There
must be no "near enough" about it,
"absolute in everything" must be the
watchword. If it is found that a cer-
tain grade of steel gives the best results
when dipped at, say, 1,525 deg. Fah. the
greatest care must be taken to always at-
tain this heat — no more and no less.

The Equipment.

I propose first to describe the equip-
ment necessary and then proceed with a
description of the operation: — the sizes
of the various items being, of course, de-
pendent on those of the articles to be
treated; and they should be grouped as
closely as convenient on a level, unob-
tructed, standing.

The best furnace for the work in ques-
tion is, undoubtedly, the oil-heated oven
type, it is self-contained, cheaply oper-
ated, and capable of maintaining the
highest temperature required under per-
fect control. It should be provided with
a reliable pyrometer as the old method
of judging temperatures by color is not
to be depended upon. The furnace door
should open vertically and should have
in its centre a sight-hole fitted with a
fire-brick plug.

Experience in this class of work has
shown that/ the cooling medium which
gives the best results at one operation
is good animal oil — preferably whale —
at a temperature of not less than 39©
deg. Fah. It should be contained in a
wrought-iron tank having a water-jacket
extending all around and under the bot-
tom through which cold water must be
circulated and the temperature of the
oil should not be allowed to rise over
450 deg. Fah. The tank should be sunk
in fhe ground so that its top should pro-
ject not more than 18 inches above the
standing, and should be protected when
not in use by a removable cover.

For convenience in charging and draw-
ing expeditiously — and it must be re-

membered that careful haste must be
observed in every movement, "Festina
lente" is the motto for a tempering
plant — it is best to have a small crane
erected so as to command the furnace
and dipping tank, one of the simplest
will suffice, a swinging jib with a runner
carrying a set of quick motion chain
blocks.

Between the furnace and the dipping
tank, and in the crane-path, a substan-
tial platform must be provided, the same
height from the standing as the fore-
plate or sill of the furnace door, and
having underneath it a bin ro contain
good foundry loam sand.

By the side of the oil tank, placed out
of the way, but easily accessible have
another bin holding common road sand,
for use in case the oil should catch fire,
a small blaze always occurs when an
article is dipped, but this can be easily
checked by agitating the surface of the
oil with a rake or paddle, but if the
flame gets out of control smother at
once with sand.

Charging Lever.

An important tool which will be re-
quired is the charging lever, or "peel";
this should be practically the same in '
form as that used in charging ingots in-
to -a reheating furnace, but should be
suspended by an eye riveted through it
to avoid slipping or canting.

A set of charging plates must also
be provided of various diameters, these
can be made from old boiler plate y2 in.
or % in. thick, they will require renew-
ing occasionally as they crack and buckle
with the heat.

Have a good supply of lifting tackle,
eye-bolts and plates, single, double and
triple-legged "ring-and-hook" chains,
etc., and see that each one is as light
as compatible with the work it has to do.

Great orderliness must prevail, "a
place for everything and everything in
its place," for remember a red-hot wheel
will not hold its heat while operators are
stumbling about on a littered standing.

The whole plant should be enclosed
in a well-ventilated building with the
roof not too low.

Before proceding to describe the opera-
tion, it is necessary to state that no hard
and fast rule can be lad down for tem-
peratures, carbon steels vary to such an
extent that though an analysis may give
approximately the best heats for tem-
pering purposes, it is imperative to make

a series of careful experiments with test
pieces to determine exactly the requisite
temperature to give the best results and
also to determine the fusing point — this
is very important, and an exact record
should be kept of each experiment and
filed for reference.

Description of Process.

To insure success in the process of
hardening, every movement must be
carefully thought out and every emer-
gency provided for. Provision must first
be made for lifting the wheel when heat-
ed to convey it to the dipping tank, in
the case of small wheels and pinions this
may be done by means of an eye-bolt
through the hole in the hub, with a plate
underneath; with larger wheels it is bet-
ter to drill three holes in the web, and
use three eye-bolts and a "three-leg"
ring and hook chain, these holes can be
tapped and plugged after the wheel is
finished.

Gearing must always be dipped so that
the teeth enter the tank uniformly, that
is to say, a wheel must be dipped on its
flat and not on its edge : bevel wheels
must be heated apex upwards a,nd dipped
base upwards and provision must be
made for turning them over when heated,
this is best done with a pair of tongs
such as are used by forge-men for hand-
ling small billets.

Having fixed the eye-bolts securely in
their required positions, take a charg-
ing plate a few inches larger in diameter
than the wheel and place it on the plat-
form or "making-up table" letting it
lie .evenly on three or more low stands —
half brieks will do — so that the charging
peel can be slid underneath it. On this
plate place a layer of loam sand two or
three inches deep. In the case of a bevel
wheel the sand must be deep enough to
prevent the eye-bolts from touching the
charging plate. Take the wheel to be
hardened and press it down on the sand
bed, ramming underneath till the sand
is packed to the contour of the wheel
and well pressed down to the lower edge
of the teeth, using a small trowel for
this purpose. Bevel off the sand from
the lower edge of the teeth to the edge
of the charging-plate, then protect the
upper surface of the wheel in a similar
manner, bringing the sand well up to the
edges' of the teeth. It is best to use a
small firmer for this. It will be seen by
this method that only those parts of the

36

CANADIAN MACHINERY

wheel which require to 'be hardened}
namely, the teeth, are exposed to the
lieai.

The made up wheel or "Pie" is now
ready for charging into the heating fur-
nace, which should in the meanwhile,
have been raised to and maintained at
the exact heat required. The "pie"
must be charged by means of the peel
and crane, bringing it right up to the
fire-plate before raising the furnace
door in order to prevent as much as pos-
sible the loss of heat. It should be placed
in the furnace on stands — small cast iron
tripods do very well for this — so that
the teeth stand evenly in the heat-zone,
and also to aMow the peel to be with-
drawn and reinserted without disturb-
ance. If the furnace door is not a good
fit it is advisable to lute it with a little
fire-clay.

The pie must be heated as rapidly as
possible and by careful and accurate
readings of the pyrometer and frequent
inspections through the sight-hole it is
possible to determine the exact moment
when the requisite heat has been impart-
ed to the teeth, it must then, be drawn
quickly, placed on the making-up ta,ble,
the wheel stripped and cleaned of sand,
and plunged evenly and steadily into the
oil. The chains used for dipping should
be sufficiently long to allow the wheel to
'be suspended by a bar across the edges
of the tank and hang mid-way in the
depth of the oil.

Two important points must be ob-
served in furnaeing. Always draw the
pie on a rising heat and do not allow it
to "soak" as this is detrimental to suc-
cessful tempering.

The wheel should be allowed to re-
main in the oil until its temperature has
been reduced to that of the bath, then
withdrawn and hung over the surface to
drain and then allowed to cool down to
atmospheric temperature.

If proper care and attention have been
taken it will be found that the teeth will
be hard enough to resist a file and elas-
tic enough to stand hammering, while
the body of the wheel will have been
slightly annealled, the hardness of the
teeth graduating back into the softer
rim.

In large wheels a certain amount of
warping will take place, but they can be
brought back to shape by resetting un-
der a hydraulic press or drawing them
down, by plates and bolts on the plateau
of a planer, and it is advisable to leave
a finishing cut to be taken off the hub
faces, and bore after this is done.

Resetting is best done at a tempera-
ture of 225 deg. Fah. Racks may be
treated in the same way — they should be

heated teeth upwards and dipped teeth
downwards.

The burnt oil may be removed from
the faces of the hardened articles by
washing with gasoline.

MACHINERY MERGER.

The Canada Machinery Company,
Limited, was incorporated under the
Canada Companies Act on July 5, 1910,
and has acquired the business and un-
dertakings of the following companies :

1. MacGregor, Gourlay & Co., Ltd.,
Gait, Ont.

2. John Ballantine & Co., Limited,
Preston, Ont.

3. Hespeler Machinery Co., Limited,
Hespeler, Ont.

And the Woodworking Machfnery De-
partments of :

1. Goldie & McCulloch Co., Limited,
Gait, Ont.

2. Sussex Manufacturing Co., Limit-
ed, Sussex, N.B.

The companies controlled constitute
practically all the concerns in Canada
manufacturing the lighter grades of
woodworking machinery and tools. They
also constitute a large percentage of
the manufacturing capacity of iron
working tools in Canada.

The intention of the company is to
perfect the organization of the different
factories upon a uniform basis, thereby
eliminating the excessive duplication of
special machinery, etc., which has taken
place in the past.

The reproductive value of the plants,
as determined by the Canadian. Ameri-
can Appraisal Company is $1,027,973.33,
over two and a half times the present
bond issue of the company. The bonds
are being issued under a deed of trust
and mortgage by the company to the
Montreal Trust Company, of Montreal,
and are secured by a fixed and specific
first mortgage and charge upon all
present and future real and immovable
property of the company.

The total amount of bonds to be is-
sued is limited to $1,000,000, and can
only be issued up to 66 2-3 per cent, of
the appraised value of the affixed as-
sets. Of this sum $400,000 has been is-
sued and is now being issued. The re-
maining $600,000 can only be issued to
an amount equal to 66 2-3 per cent, of
expenditures on capital account subse-
quent to August 1st, 1910.

On or before the 1st of August, 1914,
and annually thereafter, a oash sinking
fund of 2 per cent, of all bonds out-
standing is to be paid to the Trustees,
and used to purchase and retire these
bonds at not exceeding 110 per cent,
and accrued interest, or to call bonds
at that price if not so purchasable. All
bonds so purchased shall be the pro-
perty of the trustee, and the coupons

shall be collected by the trustee and
carried at the credit of the sinking
fund.

It is estimated that the net earnings
of the company for the ensuing year,
based on present output, will be $120,-
000, showing the bond interest earned
five times over. These earnings will be
materially increased during the follow-
ing years. The auditors' reports of
the various factories have not as yet
been completed, but the audit of one of
the principal companies shows average
net earnings for the years 1900 to 1910
of far more than the amount required
to pay the interest on the entire issue
of $400,000 bonds. Mr. George D.
Forbes, the President of the company,
in a report, says the benefits to be ac-
crued from the consolidation may be
summarized as follows :

Increased efficiency, resulting in econ-
omy by specializing the output at the
different factories and by eliminating
the unnecessary duplication both in out-
put and patterns.

Savings to be effected in the purchase
of raw material and in administration.

Economies in selling, distributing,
manufacturing, and transportation
charges.

The consolidation is being effected
just at a time when the industry is
showing tremendous development, and
the new company, by placing the dif-
ferent factories on a uniform basis will
be in a position to take full advantage
of it.

The directors are as follows : Geo. D.
Forbes, Esq., president ; President, R.
Forbes Co., Ltd., Hespeler, and Taylor
Forbes Co., Ltd., Guelph. R. O. Mc-
Culloch, Esq., vice-president, Goldie &
McCulloch, Co., Ltd., Gait ; R. Mac-
Gregor, Sr., Esq., vice-president, pres-
ident MacGregor, Gourlay Co., Ltd.,
Gait, Ont ; S. H. White, Esq., vice-
president, president Sussex Mfg. Co.
Ltd., Sussex, N.B., and New Bruns-
wick Telephone Co., Ltd.; Thos. H.
Watson, Esq., Toronto, Ont., vice-pres.
and Gen. Mgr. Canada Bolt &l Nut Co.,
Ltd.; Alex. G. Gourlay, Esq., Gait,
Ont., MacGregor, Gourlay Co., Ltd.;
Garnet P. Grant, Esq., Montreal, Pres.
Dominion Canners, Ltd, vice-Pres. Can-
ada Bolt and Nut Co., Ltd.; Harry
Cockshutt, Esq., Man. Dir. Coekshutt
Plow Co., Ltd., Brantford, Ont.

The manager of a woodworking mill
on going over his cost sheets discovered
that increases in the cost of the item of
"blown fuses" matched the decreased
output from a certain group of elec-
trically-driven machinery. His cost sys-
tem suggested the addition of a special
protective device — an automatic circuit
breaker.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

37

Mechanical Features of the Cummer Asphalt Plant

A Machine which Exemplifies what Can be Done by the Designer where
Space is Limited ---General Description of the Arrangement of the Parts.

An unusual piece of machinery has
just been completed at the works of the
John Inglis Co., Toronto. It is an as-
phalt plant built from designs furnished
by the Cummer Co., Cleveland, for a
Winnipeg paving contractor.

'From a mechanical viewpoint, it pre-
sents many interesting features, notably
the compactness, and economical ultiza-
tion of all available space, at the same
time not neglecting utility and ease of
operation.

As shown from the cuts, the plant is
portable, operating from any convient
side-track, adjacent to the work. Two
24 in. — 100 No. 1 beams, 65 feet long,
each tied by a y/4-in. truss rod, form
the frame structure of the outfit. This
frame is carried on two trucks, of one
hundred tons capacity each, situated 51
feet centres, necessitating the heavy ties
just mentioned. It is necessary to place
the trucks this distance apart, for part
of the structure extends down through
the frame quite close to the rails. The
total weight of the machine above the
trucks is 140.000 pounds, nearly un-
distributed throughout the length of the
frame.

A bucket chain in the chutes AA
raises sand, and drops it through the
chute B into a slowly rotating drum
under the corrugated casing C. This
drum, which slopes slightly toward the
far end, to cause the sand to travel in

that direction, has a fire place built be-
neath it, which is fed through the fire-
doors D. Combustion is promoted, and
all moisture in the sand drawn off
through a pipe F, by the blower G on
top of the drum easing. The arrange-

cessary power for all purposes. Steam is
generated in a TO h.p. vertical, enclosed
fire-box boiler I.

That power might be transmitted at
right angles to rotate the drum without
the use of large bevel gears, a Hindley
worm gear at J is used. This- makes a
small compact arrangement, which is
completely encased in an oil box. This
secondary shaft carries a pinion, which
engages the gear on the large drum.
Power is also transmitted to the pulley

Cummer Portable Asphalt Plant.

ment is such that the hottest blast
strikes the driest sand. The drum re-
volves on the rollers E at the near end,
and in a special adjustable trunnion
at the far end.

A 50 h.p. engine, H, completely en-
cased to be grit proof, supplied the ne-

K on a central shaft whieh in turn drives
the blower by a oelt, and the mixer and
elevator, referred to later.

The sand after its passage through
the revolving drum, falls into the trans-
verse passage L, and thence into the bot-
tom of the vertical, elevator M, which

Cummer Portable Asphalt Plant

Cummer Portable Asphalt Plan\

38

CANADIAN MACHINERY

carries it by a bucket conveyor to the
storage tank N, where it can be released
as desired through a gate 0.

The asphalt end of the machine con-
sists of three tanks P, Q, R, with a
furnace under each.

Q and R are open to the atmosphere
by loose hinged doors in the top through
which they are fed, while the tank P
is air tight, and capable of withstanding
a slight pressure. It is the final tank
taking its supply in liquid form from
either Q or R. To fill P, a vacuum is
created therein, by the Westinghouse air
pump shown, which draws the liquid in-
to P. At the proper moment, the suc-
tion valve can be closed and pressure
created in P by the pump, forcing the
liquid out into the mixing chamber, the
amount of discharge being regulated by
a valve.

The mixing chamber S, is open and
consists of a cast iron shell in which are
two sets of intermeshing paddles. These
thoroughly mix the two substances — sand
and asphalt. The mixer is driven from
the previously mentioned central shaft
through the gears T and U. The elevator
is driven from the same source. A valve
beneath the mixing chamber discharges
the mixture into a wagon beneath.

All the outlying superstructure may
be readily removed for transportation
making the shipping dimensions 65 ft.
long, 10 ft. 2 in. wide, and 14 ft. 2 in.
high. All these removable parts are
made in small sections to facilitate field
erection. The small jib crane V, assists.

As a mechanical contrivance, it forms
a remarkably compact arrangement, and
shows what can be done by the designer
where space is limited.

METAL DRAWING IN CANADA.

By Geo. Koff.

The development of the art of draw-
ing and stamping metal has been ex-
ceedingly rapid of late. The press
builders have kept pace with the fast
increasing knowledge of the physical
properties of the various metals, espec-
ially as to their flow. New steel?, have
entered into the progress of art, not
only in the product itself, but also in
the tools used in its working. One after
another, obstacles have been overcome
which have hitherto been considered in-
surmountable. The press designers are
turning out machines to do work -which
had been supposed to be impossible for
accomplishment. Precision work, in-
volving the manufacturing of parts in
which the limit of variations is a small
fraction of a thousandth of an inch, is
now being carried on commercially
quite as a matter of course, with an
enormous saving of time and money as
compared with what had been practi-
cally hand work, and at the same time

with a greater uniformity of product.
In automatic press work, marvels of
manufacturing have been developed re-
cently. An instance of drawn metal is
the manufacture of very long slender
tubes of various metals, closed at one
end.

The field of pressed metal has been
enlarging ever since its beginning, which
has not many years ago, but lately the
growth seems to have been given a new
impetus, doubtless because the know-
ledge of the various elements that enter
into the art has been more nearly per-
fected. The efforts of research by many
experts have been brought to fulfill-
ment, furnishing more exact data as to
details of the properties of metal, -with
important results in the design of the
machines and tools with which it is
worked. Beneath all, is the basis of
the experience of many practical men.
The pressed metal people have always
held that their branch of industry was
only at the threshold of its usefulness,
and this would seem to be a better
grounded prophesy to-day than ever be-
fore, because its foundation in fact is
the more apparent.

The first drawn work was done to
supply a demand for seamless parts to
replace castings, which were too heavy
and cumbersome for convenience or ap-
pearance. Ferrules for various pur-
poses, stove knobs and a few other
specialties were produced and sold at a
great margin of profit, because at even
high prices as compared with their cost
the expense to the purchaser was little
if any more than under old methods,
and the drawn metal was greatly su-
perior for the purpose. From the small
beginning the business progressed rap-
idly. The possibilities of its applica-
tion were seen, and as time went on
many manufacturers entered the field.
Finally general manufacturing com-
panies established departments for the
manufacture of metal parts of their pro-
ducts, or the cans and metal boxes, in
which to pack them.

With competition came the spur to
better and cheaper methods of produc-
tion, and in this the press builders have
played the most important part. The
development has included greater power,
greater speed of production, greater pre-
cision, automatic feeds, combinations of
processes in one machine and special
machines of wonderful ingenuity, with
principles of design conforming to the
knowledge gained by the experience of
the pressed steel manufacturers and the
investigations of their experts, and by
the manufacturers of the metals which
are used as tools and as raw materials
for manufacture. The adaptation of
the products has been so broad as to
be revolutionary. There are few arti-
cles in which metal plays a part to
which the press does not contribute its

share, as a rule improving the quality
and lessening the cost. Other branches
of mechanics have entered into the
work, especially important being the
new welding processes, notably the elec-
tric and the oxy-acetylene, both of
which produce results previously im-
possible, and consequently adding their
important functions in developing the
field.

There are instances of manufacturers
or those who would be manufacturers
who have abandoned ideas because the
special machinery people in the past
have been unable to give them the
equipment with which to manufacture
cheaply by automatic processes. To-
day these machines could be furnished
in many eases. Manufacturing has been
simplified by the reductions of the num-
ber of operations necessary to accom-
plish a certain work, which constitutes
a very great development in pressed
metal working. The manufacturer who
is equipped with the most modern tools
can compete successfully at a satisfac-
tory profit, for what to him is a suffi-
cient price, would be below cost to a
competitor less well equipped. Figuring
is frequently very close indeed in this
line, and as in many other branches of
business, first-class machinery is neces-
sary if money is to be made. First-
class machinery is particularly noticable
in the manufactories in Canada.

WESTERN DRY DOCK CO.

A large order for machine tools has
just been put through at the King Ed-
ward Hotel, Toronto, for the Western
Dry Docks Co., of Port Arthur, through
their agents, Messrs. Fenn, Rankdne &
Wallace. The order was well distributed
among the different manufacturers, as
follows :

John Bertram & Sons, Dundas —
1 large plate shear.
1 bending roll.
1 angle shear.
1 lathe.

1 drill.

London Machine Tool Co., Hamilton —
5 80-in. punches.

2 48-in. shears.
1 large planer.
1 lathe.

Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamil-
ton—

Electrical equipment.

John Inglis Co., Toronto —
Pumping machinery^

Orders for electric cranes were1 placed
through Rudel, Yeates, representing
Pawling & Harnischjfeger, Milwaukee.

Other smaller contra*-;- were '
through different local firms.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

39

Notes on Some British Manufacturing Processes

Pneumatic Plant for Small Tools, Aeroplane Propeller Blades, and
the Goff Patent General Wheelwright are Here Fully Described.

By Herbert A. Carter.

Herewith are descriptions of a num-
ber of interesting British processes which
will, no doubt, be of interest to readers
of Canadian Machinery.

Pneumatic Plant for Small Tools.

The pressure of a gas may be raised
by simply heating it. The increase in
pressure enables the gas to do more work
by a given volume charge, hence the ad-
vantage of heating compressed air is at
once apparent. On compressing air in
practice its pressure at once rises, and
this by increasing the back pressure in-
creases the work that must be done to
effect a given compression. Were there
no temperature rise the work done dur-
ing compression would be less. In prac-
tice it is impossible to secure perfectly
isothermal compression, though this is
approached by repeatedly cooling the
air between the various compressor
stages. It is also impossible to retain
the compressed air that heat so acquir-
ed by compression. If the compressed
air be used straight from the cylinder
without re-heating, none of that part of
the work done in compressing it which
went to overcome what may be termed
"the temperature back pressure" can
be recovered. If, however, the air be re-
heated by passage through the fuel-heat-
ed stacks of metal tubes to, or above, the
temperature at which it was fed into the
storage cylinder, the source of inefficiency
is entirely removed, and owing to the
heat supplied being used about Ave times
as efficiently as if used in steam-raising
a surprising over-all efficiency of power
transmission may be realized. So great
is this cooling in many practical ways as
to result in the copious formation of
hoar frost, on and around the exhaust
pipes and ports. Compressed air on ex-
panding is cooled by the inverse action
of that by which it was heated in com-
pression. The formation of hoar frost
just referred to is advantageous in many
ill-ventilated mines and tunnels, but in
general it is convenient to avoid such an
excessively cold exhaust by re-heating
the air before use in the air motor. The
latter result, if re-heating, however, is a
minor one, the gain in thermic dynamic
efficiency being the argument in favor of
such treatment. Perfectly adiabatic, or
isothermal working being both unattain-
able in practice, it is unusual in modern
compressed air establishments, to ap-
proach isothermal compression as nearly
as possible by the use of multi-stage com-
pressors with inter-coolers to store the

compressed air in, storage cylinders of
suitable capacity and strength, fitted with
relief cocks and to re-heat the air just
before it passes into the compressed air
engine, and even during its utilization in
the latter, by the use of hot jackets, or
preferably, multi-stage engines with in-
ner-heaters, which are stacks of steam or
fuel-heated pipes.

Aeroplane Propeller Blades.

So far as the theory of the propeller
is concerned, one made from solid wood
would be equally as good as one built
up, but when made from solid wood the
blade is short-grained and consequently
very weak. Unless for a small model a
propeller should always be built up. Glue
is the substance generally used for stick-
ing the pieces together. When finished
the whole should 'be well varnished to
keep the damp out. The following is Sir
Hiram Maxim's method. He built them
up in the usual way, and when finished
they are varnished over on both sides
with hot glue. When dry, they are care-
fully sandpapered, then covered with
strong, smooth Irish linen, which is glued
on. When this is dry they receive an-
other coat of glue, are again smoothed
with sandpaper, and finally they are
painted with zinc white in the ordinary
way and varnished. The following
pitches are taken from practice, and will
be a guide. They vary in different ma-
chines of the same make :

Dia. Pitch
H.M. H.M.

Curtis 6.0 6.0

Voison 7.6 4.7

Wright 8.3 9.6

Pitch
The pitch ratio, which is varies

Dia.
from 0.4 to 1.2 in practice, between these
limits, the higher pitch ratio the greater
the efficiency,

The Goff Patent Wheelwright.
This is a new machine which is being
made by an Oldham, Lane, firm for hand,
foot or steam power, driving, and they
claim that it is the best wheelwright in
the world. Its price brings it within the
reach of even the smallest users. It is
the best and most satisfactory wheel-
wright ever invented, and for those wheel
makers, van, and wagon builders, and
wheelwrights, workshops in which there
is not sufficient work to warrant a costly
plant of separate machines proves itself
to be an ideal time and money-saver. It
must not be confused with light, inferior

wheelwrights, so many of which are of-
fered under the term "General Wheel-
wright," and which are far from being
a success. Both the hand-power and
steam-power machines are massively
built, and are of the very best class of
workmanship and material. The mair.
frame is of heavy section casting, all fit-
ting parts perfectly planned, and bedded.
The bed is cast on one piece, accurately
planned to carry the heavy head and tail
stocks. The steel spindle runs in long
phosphor-bronze bearings, the end thrust
being taken up by an adjustable case-
hardened steel rim. The various attach-
ments are easily and quickly set up for
performing their operations, the tools
and attachments named below can be
supplied in addition to that for mortising
hubs.

Apparatus for Turning Hubs.

A countershaft is necessary with No.
1 steam power machine. The same firm
makes an improved draw-spoke trim-
ming and mitreing machine, with or
without stand. In every cabinet-making
and other wood-working shop there is
ample use for one or more of these ma-
chines, and their adoption results in
great saving in men 's time. In mitreing,
jointing and trimming hard or soft
woods, at any angle, the work done is
perfectly smooth and most satisfactory,
making altogether unnecessary any fur-
ther work for a first-class glue joint.

The main frame carrying the slides
is heavily constructed, the table has a
mitreing scale, adjustable mitreing fence
and strong clamps for holding the tim-
ber in position. The knife slide is oper-
ated by means of a lever, rack and quad-
rant. The working of the machine is
simple. It can be supplied by bolting
it to a wooden bench or complete with
stand.

ITEMS FROM "FACTORY."

Illuminating gas and compressed ait-
are used to fire coke in one foundry
cupola, instead of a wood fire.

Men work in pairs in one foundry. One
more skilled gradually trains' the other
to the job until both can pair off as in-
structors.

Metal patterns made of an alloy, one-
half tin and one-haif zinc, have been
found easier to finish than iron. They
wear well and' sand doesn't stick to the
surfaces.

Each molder in one brass foundry has
a numbered furnace. Bins of the same
number hold the metal for each day
weighed out in a metal room. The weight
of the metal is charged against the bin
number. After the heat, the weight, of
the castings, gates and so on is balanced
against the original weight and the losses
so accounted for.

ROUTING SYSTEM.
By M. E. P.

A large Canadian plant, employing
several hundred men. and turning out
many machines every year, has made use
of the system hereunder described, for
keeping track and following up articles
from the time the order is placed until
the part reaches the store-room. From
the latter place the article is sent to the
erecting floor, and then shipped, an-
other following-up system being used.

'When the plans have gone through
the engineering department, a card like
No. 1 is sent to both the pattern shop
and the man who has charge of the
castings as they come from the foundry
preparatory to being machined, l'uis
pair of cards is made for one piece of
each lot, a separate pair of cards for
each part of the finished machine.

On the card, as dt leaves the office is
the following information: Symbol
(which is the serial number of the part;,
name of the part, number of pieces or-
dered in the lot, the lot number, date,
drawing number, and routing. The lat-
ter is given in the "Dept." column, the
office knowing what machinery opera-
tions will be necessary. In the example
given on the card, R is the roughing
department, or as the casting leaves the
foundry; P, the planer department, and
S, the stock room; the whole indicating
that in the planer department ail the
work will be done. In ease any latne
work is necessary an L is placed either
between R and P. or between P and S.
as deemed best, the part going from one
department to the other in the order
indicated.

The card that goes to the pattern shop
is kept until the pattern is made, and

then tacked to the pattern, and the whole
sent to the foundry, where the tag is
destroyed, no longer being necessary.
The other card is kept by the inter-
mediate man between foundry and ma-
chine shop, and should all the pieces in
one lot come through in a 'batch, the
line opposite R is filled in at "Pes. Del."
with the full number of the. order, with
the date. The attached coupon on the
right is filled in to correspond. How-
ever, it frequently so happens that the lot

SENT. AHEAD CARD

, I I I

■ tOM IIIHI

Fig. 3.— Routing System.

is broken when coming through, in which
case card No. 2, a "Sent-ahead" card,
is used.

Consider the example shown where
three pieces were ordered. In the first
batch only two came through. The
casting man fills out a "Sent-ahead,"
as shown, giving 2 as the pieces deliv-
ered, and sends it with the casting. In
all other respects the card corresponds
to the original. When the remaining
casting arrives, card No. 1 is filled in,
as shown, one being given as delivered,
while the two previously, sent are re-
corded in the "Sent-ahead" column.
This is sent with the casting to the ma-
chine shop, the two slips giving the

casting man his clearance. The O.K. 'd
stubb ends are sent by P to the office,
where the card originated, informing
them that the pieces have gone thus far,
giving the office a record of the progress
of the work.

After the machining, a similar process
is gone through when sending to the
stock-room, a "Sent-ahead" card being
used when all the parts are not finished
at one time. In both cases, line P is
filled and the store-keeper signs when
the card is returned to the office, giving
them the final record.

In case of anything oeeuring to a
casting along the route, such as break-
age, loss, etc., card No. 3 is used, which,
when properly filled in for the missing
part or parts, is sent to the office, where
an order like No. 1 for the necessary
parts, is sent over the route again.

SCALES THAT COUNT.

In the Canada Cycle & Motor Works,
Toronto, is a platform scales so adjusted
that a certain weight on the end of the
balance arm will balance a certain multi-
ple times its weight on the platform of
the scales. A number of pieces are put
on the platform and enough are put in
a pan on the end of the arm to make a
perfect balance. The number in the par;
is then counted. This number multiplied
by the multiple gives the count of the
pieces on the platform.

Iron shutters protect one oil house
from fire. All the shutters are connect-
ed by a special system of levers and
(•ranks so that they can be closed simul-
taneously by turning one crank inside
the oil house.

B.M.W ORDER FOR STOCK

.9.11 ..._Cp**-<12Wa— ■-fcV'»

•— •> /«? r...»...

Ot4arm* —3

Sym.

IkH

r- fc M. 1 »«. J 0*. fr*w

,.»«-. ., | *.., ,MW

,„., mi,,.

Pes.

a

/

rfci

z

/

e

Lot

j

/z.

Date

r/jtt

O.K.

"•■

««t

Fig. J.— Routing System.

Pormm. m »!•

SEWT.AHKAD CARD

a

I Sym.

*••** L?- ■••• */6 t...iH^

7* of a. f- g.//.

S-WC 1 ft*. O.L,

Bo** | 0« t»t.

»««Mh

■*« *■»■<

L.N gJJJJ i p^

«? 1 X.

$$.

z

e

—■

—

\ Lot

A

/A

' fee

•*••. *•«*« Is MM •*«

j O.K.

Fig. 2.— Routing System.

Economic Handling of the Factory Output, Shipping, Etc.

The Canadian Fairbanks have Erected a New Warehouse in Toronto
with Some Excellent Features for Taking Care of Factory Output.

There has just been completed on
Bloor Street West, Toronto, for the
use of The Fairbanks-Morse Canadian
Manufacturing' Co., a modern warehouse
for taking- care of the rapidly increas-
ing business this firm is handling-. The
business of this company has grown so
fast that a separate warehouse was
found absolutely necessary for storing
the goods so that orders might be
promptly filled from stock.

Five years ago the Fairbanks-Morse
Canadian Manufacturing Co. Ltd. was
established to manufacture the lines
made in the U. S. by Fairbanks-Morse
& Co., of Chicago. This consisted
mainly of industrial gas engines, and
gasoline engines for farm power, but
later on a large field for marine engines
developed in Canada and this line was
taken up also.

Other lines as steam, g-asoline and
power pumps, hand and motor railroad
cars, hangers, bearings, railroad stand-
pipes, Wissen stamps, etc., are now
manufactured. Approximately 300 men
are employed. Further enlargements in
the near future are contemplated which
will increase the output of the machine
shop 75 per cent, and double the foun-
dry capacity. In addition a brass
foundry is being installed.

These extensions are being added to
accommodate the manufacture of g-as
tractors for all the various kind of
fuels, which business offers a very prom-
ising future.

The power plant will be increased by
the addition of another 150 h.p. pro-
ducer Fairbanks-Morse gas outfit, two
of which are already in operation, bring-

ing the total horse-power developed up
to 450 h.p.

The Canadian Fairbanks Co. handle
exclusively the output of this factory
throug-h their offices at Montreal, To-
ronto, St. John, New Brunswick, Win-
nipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver.

Description of Warehouse.

The building in question is 80 ft. wide
by 135 ft. long, and it consists of four
storeys and a basement, and has been
especially designed for handling all
classes of machinery that this com-
pany build and, therefore, there are sev-
eral features in connection with same
which are somewhat out of the ordin-
ary.

The building is built in what is
known as "slow-burning" or "mill con-
struction." The walls are built of
brick and cement mortar with heavy
timber posts and timber and steel
beams with floors 6-inch thick ; the
ground floor being designed to carry a
load of 250 lbs. to the square foot and
the other floor 150 lbs. per square foot.
The basement has a concrete floor fin-
ished over waterproofing material.
The upper floors are finished with hard-
wood.

At the east side there is a shipping
platform about 70 ft. long and 12 ft.
wide, which is covered with a canopy
and this platform is elevated above the
level of the ground to the heig-ht of an
express waggon, and from this plat-
form local shipments of less than car
loads lots of the ligtiter goods will be
despatched. On the west side of the
building there is a car dock long enough

to take in two standard railway
freight cars, the track being depressed
so that the car floors are level with
the ground floor of the warehouse. On
the same side of the building as the
car dock, on the opposite end is a wag-
gon dock approximately 21 ft. deep by
14 ft. wide with a 10 ft. door opening
from same on to Bloor Street.

Over the railway dock and waggon
dock referred to is located a crane run-
way with a ten ton electric traveling
crane, Niles make, which is capable of
lifting material off the ground floor of
the warehouse and placing it on flat
cars or on to the floor of heavy express
waggons. This crane can also be used
for loading materials which have to be
shipped by rail on to flat cars. Ad-
joining the railway car dock is an in-
dustrial railway dock arranged so that
material may be brought from the works
where it is fabricated on a narrow
gauge railway and brought into the
warehouse ; the industrial railway
trucks being arranged so as to be level
with the ground floor of the warehouse.

There is also located at the south
end of the building an eleetric-driven
elevator of 6,000 lbs. capacity for tak-
ing material up and down between the
upper floors and the shipping floor of
the warehouse. This elevator is en-
closed in brick walls with skylight over-
head, and operates between the base-
ment and top floor ; and adjoining the
elevator shaft is a stairease which is
also enclosed in brick, walls in accor-
dance with the requirements of the un-
derwriters, and which would form in
case of fire a safe escape for anyone

Construction of Fairbanks-Morse New Warehouse.

Track, Crane, Raised Platform, arc Economical Features.

42

CANADIAN MACHINERY

who might happen to be on the upper
floor of the building at the time.

The front portion of the ground floor
of the building has been reserved for
the general offices of the works', and
has been laid out with a fireproof vault

plaster on the walls and over the ceil-
ings, which surface are tinted in soft
tones.

Timekeepers' Offices.

Adjoining the building on the east
side is a small one storey building

New Warehouse of Fairbanks-Morse, Toronto.

adjoining same together with lavator-
ies, private and general office, the in-
terior of the office is finished in chest-
nut stains, dark brown finish and the
walls, for a height of about 7 feet, are
panelled in this material above -which is

known as the "clock room," in which
are located the time-clocks for the
works ; and all employes are obliged
to pass through this room and punch
the clock on entering and leaving the
works. The floor of this "clock room"

is within 6 ft. of the general grade of
the ground around the building and it
is therefore a simple matter for work-
men arriving on bicycles to wheel same
through the room, pass the clocks and
out the door at the opposite end which
leads to the works. The office of the
timekeeper is located on the ground
floor of the warehouse, in the office por-
tion, and a small bay window has been
provided overlooking the "Clock
Room," from where the timekeeper can
observe what is going on in this room.
This warehouse has been designed
with a view to future extention to the
south, and when extended, the stair-
tower, over which is located at an ele-
vation of 20 ft. above the roof a 25,000
gallon underwriters' sprinkler tank
will be in the centre of the building.
The building is equipped with Standard
Automatic Sprinkler together with fire-
hose at each floor and at roof for
fighting small fires.

The floor of the upper storys of the
warehouse have been built with a crown
in the centre of the building and slope
towards the walls, through which there
are located on each side, in every alter-
nate bay, cast iron scuppers with open-
ings about 4 inches square and covered
with cast iron hinged caps on the out-
side so as to allow any water which
gets on the floor from the sprinWers to
escape outside the building where no
damage may be caused, such as might
happen if the water had to find its way
down from floor to floor and encounter
merchandise on the way which would be
more or less spoilt.

The cuts accompanying this article

r.fjta^^.' *QG3C c*

Ot**H HfG C *> ^-■'•J'

GROUND FLOQB,

Plan ot New Warehouse of Fairbanks-Morse Canadian Mfg. Co., Toronto.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

show the general appearance of the
Fairbanks-Morse Canadian Mfg. Co.'s
plant and new building, which was de-
signed by T. Pringle & Son, Limited,
engineers and architects, of Montreal,
who make a specialty of industrial
work, and was constructed by C. E.
Deakin, general contractor.

The whole work was carried out under
the supervision of the designers, the
work being started in November, 1909,
and completed a few days ago.

next day's Wednesday, there's half the
week gone andl no work done. Yew '11
have to git a hustle on if yer want ter
keep yer darned job.' "

Making Milling Cutters.

He gave a description of the manu-
facture of milling cutters by the Union
Twist Drill Co., Athol, in which English
steel is used.

In the making of milling cutters a
piece of steel must be removed to allow

Layout of the Fairbanks- Morse Toronto Plant.

WORKSHOP PRACTICE IN UNITED
STATES AND CANADA.

Recently, E. Theo. Crosier, of New-
castle-on-Tyne, Eng., made a tour of
a number of United States and Canadian
industries. His impressions were given
before the Newcastle Y.M.C.A.. He
pointed a number of comparisons be-
tween British and American methods:

1. Every workman washes himself and
changes his clothes before he leaves the
factory. I noticed navvies in the street
taking off overalls at buzzer time.

2. Time recorders are used almost
universally.

3. Employees are expected to attend
to as many machines as is possible.

4 A great deal of work is done from
jigs. All machines are higher speed.

•"). The employer dn walking through
the works does not hesitate to speak to
any workman, should be happen to be
known to him.

I went through a very large drop
forging factory with the vice-president
of the company, who exchanged greet-
ings with almost every other man he
saw. I have never seen this done in
this country (England).

6. The American loses no time. A
well-known story has been adapted to
illustrate this.

"A foreman entered the shop one
Monday morning amd found a workman
wasting time, 'Say young feller' he said,
'I guess this won't do. Here's Monday
morning, to-morrer's Tuesday and the

the cutter to be secured to mandril or
arbor. This steel is cut out instead of
being drilled out thus saving a piece of
steel which can 'be utilized for making
small cutters or saws. When a man gets
a tool from the tool room he leaves a
round check (1" x 1-32") bearing his
number, this is put in the storing place'
of that particular tool until it is re-
turned. By this means if a tool is miss-
ing one man, and one only, in the whole
works is responsible.

In the twist drill department I noticed
about half a dozen lads working 13
machines each. They took little looking
after it is true, being automatic, but it
is one big step towards cheap production.
One room in this factory was particular-
ly interesting, it contained the form
tools for the making of cutters. There
were stored here 11,000 of these tools,
the average value of which was $5. The
man in attendance showed me one tool
which cost $40 to make (exclusive of the
cost of steel), it was a screw cutting
tool 168 threads over a length of 4",
or 42 threads per inch.

CONICAL MILL.

The accompanying photo, Pig. 1, is
of a Hardinge Conical Mill, a recent
adaptation of the old stamp mill for
the crushing of the more valuable min-
eral ores.

It consists of a conical, boiler-steel
drum, which revolves about 30 r.p.m.

and in which east iron balls from 2 to
4 inches in diameter, tumble about pul-
verizing the ore, which when in its
final state passes out with a current of
circulating water.

From the mechanical standpoint the
end bearings of both mill and drive-shaft
and the ore-feeding device, are of in-
terest.

Fig. 1.— Hardinge Conical Mill.

As both sets of bearings are of the
same type only one is shown in Fig. 2.
The bearing and bearing stand form a
ball and socket joint, permitting a de-
viation of the mill from the horizontal
position which is necessary when oper-
ating, without interfering with the ver-
tical position of the bearing stands.

Fig. 2.— Bearing for Hardinge Conic 1 Mill.

The slight slope of the drum is requir-
ed to pass out the treated ore by
gravity after pulverizing.

The ore to be crushed is in the form
of small lumps. These are picked up
by the scoop shown in Fig. 3. This
dips into the ore box each revolution,
feeding the ore into the mill, through

Fig. 3.— Pick-up Scoop for Hardinge Conical Mill

the hollow trunnion shaft. The note-
worthy feature is the inner lip on the
scoop, which prevents the ore from
tumbling out when the revolution has
been nearly completed.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

POWER FEED FOR TAIL STOCK
DRILLING.

By J. H. R., Hamilton.

The accompanying sketch shows a
device attached to tail-stock of a lathe
where considerable drilling is required.
The bracket B is secured to the tail-
stock in the desired position. The small
bracket D being secured to B to carry
the worm W.

The shaft R is revolved from feed

a projecting pin in A, and on the up-
ward stroke, A is drawn up, releasing
the pin which engages one of the rivet
holes, allowing the operator to move the
article along.

About half way through the up-stroke,
a projection of B strikes the stationary
arm C, shoving B away, and allowing
A to drop into the next rivet hole, hold-
ing it in that position during the punch-
ing operation.

Power Feed for Tail Stock Drilling.

shaft F by the two gears H and I at
the end, of the lathe. On shaft R slides
the worm W which revolves the worm
wheel Y and shaft S. Motion is trans-
mitted to the tail-stock spindle screw
by an upward thrust of the knurled
clutch nut K.

The feed shaft F is geared in the usual
manner so as to transmit the desired
feed to the tail-stock spindle.

SPACER FOR PUNCH PRESS.

Geo. R. Ward,

The steel sole of the shoe made by the
Steel Shoe Co., Toronto, has an upward
projecting rim which is riveted by small
cleats to the vamp or upper. These
rivets are spaced about ^ in. apart, the
holes being punched.

Formerly, these holes, when being
punched, were spaced by eye, as no de-
gree of accuracy was essential; but this
process proved to be poor, as it was im-
possible to keep the spacing in any way
uniform.

The little device for the punch press
shown in the cut was devised to over-
come this difficulty. The arm A, which
has a small pin in the line of rivets to
engage with the rivet holes, is free to
swing about its inner end. The arm B,
which is freely attached to the punch
press plunger, has a vertical motion with
the latter. At the bottom of its stroke
the cut-out in the side of B engages with

Any spacing may be obtained by
changing A to make the desired distance
between the die and the rivet hole pin
in A.

The operation is extremely rapid, no
stop being required between punches.
This latter feature ds insured by the

arm A dropping about half way on the
up-stroke, giving the operator time to
adjust the article without shutting down.
This method ought to be applicable to
other kinds of uniform line punching
where extreme accuracy is not required.

HOLDING WORK WITH MAGNET.

At the Canada Cycle & Motor Co..
Toronto, a grinding machine with a
magnetic clutch is used to hold small
parts during the grinding operation. In
the manufacture of an automobile there
are many small pieces that cannot be
held conveniently in any other way. The
pieces are held on a flat surface and
hardened parts are accurately finished.
It is also well adapted for finishing
bright and true surfaces on small parts.

DRESSING GRINDING WHEELS.*

The difference between glazing and
loading of a grinding wheel is not al-
ways clearly understood.

A loaded wheel is one whose face has
particles of the metal being ground ad-
hering to it — one in which the openings
or pores of the wheel face have been
filled up with metal, leaving no room
for clearance. It is not necessary that
all of the pores or openings between the
cutting particles on the face of a wheel
be filled up or loaded to prevent the
wheel from cutting. The presence of a
number of these pieces of metal on the
face of a wheel prevents the wheel from
cutting into the work and the loaded
places will, of course, create heat.

A glazed wheel is one whose cutting
particles have become dull or worn
down even with the bond, the bond be-
ing so hard that it does not wear away
fast enough to allow spaces between the
cutting particles, or the cutting parti-
cles to escape when dulled. In a glazed
wheel, the cutting particles and the
bond at the extreme ■ surface of the
wheel are of the same radius.

It will be noted that in many places
the space between the cutting particles
is filled with bond and the correspond-
ing spaces in the wheel on the left are
open and will give room for clearance.
Continued work with a wheel that
glazes increases the smoothness of the
wheel face and decreases the cutting.

A wheel will not load unless the bond
is too hard or it is run at a speed very
much too slow. The factors that cause
loading are, therefore, hard bond and

Spacer for Punch Pressr

* Prepared by the Norton Co.. Worcester.
Mass.. manufacturers of alundum grinding
wheels.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

slow speed. Loading may indicate that
the wheel is too hard or that it is
running too slow, or both.

The factors that cause glazing are
hard bond and high speed. Glazing may
indicate that the. wheel is too hard for
' the work, or it may be running too
fast. A wheel of the right grain and
grade may glaze if run too fast, or a
wheel run at the right speed may glaze
if it is too hard for the work. In short,
a wheel loads when it is too hard or
when it runs too slow, and a wheel
glazes when it is too hard or runs too
fast.

One remedy for loading is to increase
the speed. A remedy for glazing is to
decrease the speed. If the speeds are
right, use a softer wheel in either case.

Loading and glazing make excessive
dressing necessary, and excessive dress-
ing wears wheels faster than grinding.
Were it possible to obtain an ideal
wheel for each kind of work, theoreti-
cally dressing would not be necessary
as the face of the wheel would automa-
tically sharpen itself.

Whenever the work is of such a nature
as to cause the wheel to run out of
true, frequent dressing will save the
wheel rather than waste it. For exam-
ple, a wheel that ran out 1-32 of an
inch after one hour's grinding ran out
i of an inch after two hours' grinding.
Had it been dressed after the first, hour
and again after the second hour, the
amount wasted by dressing would have
been 1-16 of an inch, whereas after the
wheel ran two hours it was necessary
to dress off i of an inch or twice as
much.

Wheels should be kept in perfect run-
ning condition in order to give good
results and a wheel should never be
used until the operator is sure the
wheel runs true.

We can never grind perfect work with
an imperfect wheel, and the more per-
fect and smooth the wheel is the more
perfect and smooth will the work be,
particularly when making the light fin-
ishing cuts.

Dressers should always be kept handy
for wheels for off-hand grinding but for
truing wheels on plain, cylindrical and
universal grinding machines, cutter and
reamer grinders, etc., a diamond is ne-
cessary for good results.

Dressing is not trueing, but sharpen-
ing the wheel, and a dresser should
never be used on wheels that grind
round work on centres. When trueing a
wheel for round grinding, the diamond
should be held in a rigid tool post on
the table of the machine. You cannot
do good work with a wheel that has
been trued "by hand." When a dresser
is used, it should be moved in a straight
line across the face of the wheel, with
the heel of the dresser resting firmly
against the edge of the work rest.

It may be well to state here that
dressing is sharpening the wheel, and

trueing means to perfect the wheel —
make a perfect cylinder of it, which is
absolutely necessary if it is intended to
grind a perfect cylinder with it.

PLANING A CONCAVE FACE CAST-
ING.

By J. E. Hailstone.
The accompanying sketches illustrate
a planing operation which, while per-
haps not new to many readers, will, I
have no doubt, prove interesting to some.

and returned to a central position again
without any bother. The stop was then
changed to the opposite side of the head
for the other small radius.

A special holder, Fig. 2, was made for
finishing. The finishing' tools for the
smaller radius was ground to slightly
larger radius than desired, to reduce the
cut without interfering with the true
form very much, and for the larger ra-
dius it was slightly smaller. The speed
of the platen was reduced, and we ob-

Eic. 1

Planer Rig and Tools for Planing Casting With Concave Face.

Fig. 2.

The casting to 'be planned may be seen
on the table, Fig. 1. There were about
two dozen of these castings, and they
were machined all over, and buffed to a
mirror-like polish on the curved surface.
All castings were faced on the base
first, on the large slab miller. A special
planer tool holder was made, having re-
cesses for five tools, as shown at A, the
arm projecting about 12 inches from the
body giving considerable leverage and
allowing the head to be kept fairly tight.
The clamping studs of 'head No. 1 were
replaced by stud b in the centre, giving
the maximum swing desired for the
finishing tool. A small hole was drilled
immediately opposite the centre pin of
the tool block (not the head) for locat-
ing the tool holders. The holder was
clamped by the four bolts. By using the
centre pin of the tool block it was possi-
ble to regulate the depfh of cut without
altering the radius.

Head No. 1, after being set central,
was clamped to the cross rail and a
small stop was placed at one end, the bar
B connecting the two heads. As head
No. 2 was moved, head No. 1 rotated
about the centre a on a radius equal to
that of the casting. The tools were
ground to the standard shape, and by-
using the locating pin a in the holder the"
points were touched on the emery wheel
to give the corect radius.

There being fine tools, it did not take
long to machine the large concave sur-
face. The smaller curves were roughed
by a single tool in the holder and finish-
ed with a broad-nosed tool. The stop be-
ing set on one side, the head could be
moved away to finish the smaller radius

tained a very smooth finish. The stop
was again used for finishing, with the
head always in central position. — Ameri-
can Machinist.

SIMPLE PIPE HANGER.

The hanger shown in the sketch con-
sists of two or more small hangers,
riveted together in such a manner as to
form hooks at the required distance from

Simple Pipe Hanger.

each other, says an exchange. The hang-
ers are made of wrought iron, about y%-
inch thick and 2 inches wide. The iron
can be heated first and bent around a
pipe of the same diameter as that which
is to be used. This will prevent the pipe
from- vibrating after it is hung. If the
pipes are to run in opposite directions,
or to the beams above them, the iron

46

CANADIAN MACHINERY

can be heated and twisted to the right
M)gie. The upper end is drilled to re-
ceive a 1L»-i»eh lag screw, by which the
hanger is fastened to the beam.

(1) Horse power of spur gears
FXT'XV

H.P. OF CAST IRON GEARS.

F=breadth, or face of tooth in inches
T=ihickness of tooth at ■pitch line,
inches.

V=velooity at pitch line in feet per
minute.

LX53
(2) Horse power of bevel gears=

FXT'XV

LX77
(3) Horse power of mitre gears=
FXT2XV

LX82

Diameter

of

Shaft

in Inches

2?*

i

3f\
3"

i

»

Horse Power of Head Shafts

R

H

D'iR

Diameter

of

Shaft

in Inches

Number of Revolutions Per Minute

25

50

100

200

300

400

500

600

1A

.85

1.7

3.4

6.8

10.2

13.6

17.

20.4

■1

1.35

2.7

5.4

10.8

16.2

21.6

27.

32.4

2.

4.

8.

16.

24.

32.

40.

48.

2A
2A

2.8

5.7

11.4

22.8

34.2

45.6

57.

68.4

3.9

7.8

15.6

31.2

46.8

62.4

78.

93.6

2H

5.2

10.5

21.

42.

63.

84.

1)5.

126.

2fi

6.7

13.5

27.

64.

81.

108.

135.

162.

3fV

8.5

17.

34.

68.

102.

136.

170.

204.

3A

10.7

21.6

43.

86.

129.

172.

215.

258.

3fS

16.

32.

64.

128.

192.

256.

320.

384.

i

22.7

45.5

91.

182.

273.

364.

455.

546.

31.2

62.5

125.

250.

375.

500.

625.

750.

41.5

83.1

166.3

332.6

499.

665.

831.

998.

m

54.

108.

216.

432.

648.

864.

1080.

1296.

6H

68.6

137.2

274.4

548.8

823.2

1097.6

1372.

1646.4

7

85.75

171.5

343.

686.

1029.

1372.

1715.

2058.

7H

105.4

210.8

421.6

843.2

1264.8

1686.2

2108.

2529.6

8

128.

256.

512.

1024.

1536.

2048.

2560.

3072.

9

182.35

364.5

729.

1458.

2187.

2916.

3645.

4374.

10

250.

500.

1000.

2000.

3000.

4000.

5000.

6000.

Horse Power of Line Shafts

R

JJ= D' x R

75

Number of Revolutions Per Minute

25

1.1

1.8

2.7

3.7

5.2

6.9

8.9

11.3

14.2

21.3

30.2

41.6

55.3

72.

50 100 200 300 400 500

2.2

3.6

5.4

7.4

10.4

13.8

17.8

22.6

28.4

42.6

60.4

83.2

110.6

144.

4.4

7.2

10.8

14.8

20.8

27.6

35.6

45.2

56.8

85.2

120.8

166.4

221.2

288.

8.8

14.4

21.6

29.6

41.6

55.2

71.2

90.4

113.6

170.4

241.6

332.8

442.4

576.

13.2

21.6

32.4

44.4

62.4

82.8

106.8

135.6

170.4

255.6

362.4

499.2

663.6

864.

17.6

28.8

43.2

59.2

83.2

110.4

142.4

180.8

227.2

340.8

483.2

665.6

884.8

1152.

22.

36.

54.

74.
104.
138.
178.
226.
284.
426.
604.
832.
1106.
1440.

H=Horsepower. D=Diameter of shaft. R=Revolutions per minute.

600

26.4

43.2

64.8

88.8

124.8

165.6

213.6

271.2

340.8

511.2

724.8

998.4

1327.2

1728.

L=length of tooth, from root to point,
in inches.

C=constant.

HP=horse power transmitted with a
safety of seven; ultimate tensile strength
25,000 lbs. per square inch.

In formulae 2 and 3 for bevel and
mitre gears the factors T and L express
the pitch at large end of tooth.

For bevel and mitre, thickness and
length of teeth have been computed at
centre of face. With a view, 'however, of
facilitating calculation, the proportions

of factors T and L in formulae (2) and
(3) have been taken at large end of
tooth, thus giving same dimensions as
for spur gears; hence the spur gear
formulae has been utilized, with the ex-
ception of the constant, which has been
determined by averaging the proportions
of the teeth of bevel and mitre gears
having the largest and smallest number
of teeth in general use. The resultant
horse power is consequently less than in
the ease of spur gears of like -pitch.

For mortise wheels and pinions use
thickness of pinion tooth. If different
factor of safety is desired, multiply
above result by 7 and divide by factor
of safety desired.

The Hill Clutch Co., Cleveland, recom-
mend the following speeds in feet per
minute as the maximum at which, under
favorable conditions, it is safe to run
toothed gears.

Ft. per Min.

Molded cast iron gears 1,500

Helical cast iron gears 2. Dim

Mortise cast iron gears 2,000

Molded cast steel gears 2,200

Helical east steel gears 2,500

Machine cut east iron gears 2,500

Machine cut cast steel gears 3,000

Although the above are conservative
limits for safety, it is generally neces-
sary to keep the speed much lower to
avoid excessive noise and wear.

The two accompanying tables giving
the horse power of head shafts and the
horse power of line shafts were also pre-
pared by the Hill Clutch Co.

UPSETTING AXLE COLLARS.

By John Treacy.
Enclosed is a blue print of die for
upsetting collars on axles as used at
the Dale street shops of the Great
Northern Railway. The die block A is
of cast iron and is keyed into the die
block of steam hammer ; the block B
is recessed to the size of the collar re-

Device for Upsetting Collars on Axlts.

quired, the backstop D also being re-
cessed to receive collar. The operation
is as follows :

The axles are first drawn a little
each side of centre to permit of wheel
fit being turned to required length ;
after this is done they are then taken
up, heated on end for 3 or 4 ins.,
swung in crane from fire to hammer,
and lowered into position, the block B
being put in place backed by the wedge
C. A few blows of the steam hammer

CANADIAN MACHINERY

47

driving the wedge to place completes
the operation.

Many hundreds of axles have been
scrapped yearly by the different rail-
roads after they have worn at the jour-
nal below the limit, when by upsetting
a new collar on them, and using them
for smaller capacity cars, their life is
doubled. It was no doubt considered
that the old method of upsetting col-
lars on worn axles by the ram was too
slow and laborious and did not pay,
hence their relegation to the scrap
heap. This die does the work quickly,
and eliminates the hard labor needed
for the ram, making it in every sense
an economical method, as it doubles
the length of service of axles so treat-
ed.

SPHERICAL BORING ATTACHMENT.
By G. R. Richards.
The design of spherical boring attach-
ment illustrated herewith, is in use in
one of the largest automobile concerns
in the country. This attachment is used
on the lathe in connection with a fixture
that is fastened to the carriage for hold-
ing the work. It is held between the
lathe centers and is driven by a dog.
The boring tool is clamped in a tool-
holder A that is attached to a pin B,
which is free to turn in the bar. The
upper end of the tool-holder is connected
with a slide C by two links. Through
this slide the feed-screw of the tool pas-
ses. As the bar revolves, the star-wheel
E is actuated by a dog which is clamped
to the tailstock spindle, thus giving the

after a nut is faced, it opens the spring
chuck, pushes the sleeve D against the
loose pulley E, revolving in the opposite
direction, causes a sudden reverse and
loosens the nut.

A contrary result is obtained by mov-
ing the carriage to the left, the sleeve D
coming in contact with the fingers F, pulls
back the sleeve G and closes the chuck
on to spindle H, carrying the nut to be
faced. I is a flat beam slotted to admit
the gear J, which is set in motion by the

Correspondence

Readers of Canadian Machinery are
invited to contribute to the Correspon-
dence Department with comments on
either general articles or those under de-
partmeat heads such as "Methods and
Devices," etc., also with replies to the
problems presented by readers. All ac-
ceptable material will be paid for. —
Editor.

Nut Facing Machine.

rack K passing through cone carrier and
attached to the carriage C. LLLLL
are rollers to avoid friction on the beam
I and rack K. 'M is a rack fastened to
the bottom of the tool post. It is oper-
ated by a gear N, not shown. 0 is a

^r\

Compact Design of Spherical Boring Attachment for Lathe.

tool a circular movement about the axis
of the pin B, as indicated by the dotted
line. This movement combined with the
regular rotary movement of the tool pro-
duces the spherical surface. — Machinery.

NUT FACING MACHINE.

The features about this machine are
the half-ball collar A, on which the nut
seats without, forcing the thread in the
nut out of parallel with the thread on
the arbor and the clutch B, operated by
the tool carriage without any extra lever.
As the carriage is moved to the right

gear meshing with another one which is
fastened to the shaft carrying gear N,
which moves tool post P back and forth.
— American Machinist.

Steam, water, gas, electric conduits
and other piping is distinguished in one
plant by a system of colors. High pres-
sure steam lines white, low pressure heat-
ing lines aluminum bronze, exhaust lines
grey, heating returns aluminum bronze,
house supplies maroon, water sup-
plies red, drains pink, drips black.

Mortising Teeth in Cast Iron Centre.

A number of readers of Canadian Ma-
chinery are no doubt familiar with the
old mortise-tooth gearing so much in
vogue in British mill work of the past
generation — hardwood teeth mortised
and dowelled into a tough cast iron
centre. Is it not possible to adopt this
method mechanically and commercially
to modern requirements? — to construct
a gear wheel having a low carbon mild or
alloy steel centre fitted in the same man-
ner with high carbon teeth, hardened,
fitted and ground with mathematical ac-
curacy.

Modern machine-shop tools and meth-
ods make this principle of construction
quite possible, and, though the cost of
production would' necessarily be high,
the advantages for high-class work would
be very great, for I think that by these
means a scientifically perfect gear could
be produced.

Comments from readers of Canadian
Machinery .would be appreciated. — 'Sub-
scriber.

Automobile Parts.

If you have a list of Canadian manu-
factures of automobile parts, will you
kindly let us have same as we will soon
be in the market to make purchases. —
Ontario Manufacturer.

If Canadian manufacturers of auto-
mobile parts will write us telling what
parts they make with particulars we
will forward the information to the
inquirer.— Editor.

<*°

*~n.I\S\UlS\l\ 1VI /\. L. n I IN E. K Y

Filing Papers.

Having read with some interest in
several articles in technical and trade
papers on the subject of "Ready Refer-
ence" to the different articles therein,
I would like to bring to your notice an
idea which would I think help to a
great extent the keeping in touch with
articles appearing in past issues of the
technical and trade papers.

If a loose sheet or page were inserted
in each copy of a paper, containing the
heading or title of each important ar-
ticle therin, the subscriber on receipt

FIRST AID TO INJURED.
Considerable attention is being paid
by the Canadian Pacific management to
the work of the St. John Ambulance
"First Aid" movement within the com-
pany, and it is the intention of the com-
pany to support this by giving every
facility and inducement to the men on
their passenger trains to learn what they
should do in ease of accident. The co-
operation of the company with the St.
John Ambulance people is a good deal
more than passive, and orders have been
issued, advising train employes that they

Subject Article Author Page

General The Eflect of the Automobile Industry

on Machine Tools R. Pierpont 31

Solving Transportation of Material in

Machine Shops Dom. Bridge Co 34

Semi-Annual Eng. Convention 35

The Patent Relation of Canada to

the World , Int. Commission 37

"Beaver" Quick Changing Chucks and

Collet SetB Cam. Tool Co 38

Technical Education Commission 38

Business Management

The Easiest Profits Ja». H. Collins 39

Shop Secrets Jno. R. Godfrey 41

Machine Shop Methods and Devices |

Ball Race Calipers - Can. Cyc. & Mot. Co 42

Centre for turning Patterns, Jig for , 1

Gear Teeth Stewart & Co., Gait 42

Valve Seat Grinder, Shop Bucket for
Inflammables, Punching Malleable

Rings S. F. Bowser Co 42

Drill Stands < Jno. Inglis Co 43

Draughtsman's Point , 43

Babbitting Bearings 44

Drilling Connecting Rod Ends Machinery 44

Correspondence

Ejector Manufacturer 1 44

Cable Transmission -■

Design of Bevel Gears

Wax Patterns .■• | I | fjj '* j j , , . , , !

Newall Tolerance Standard

Editorial Demonstrating Mach. Tools 45

Will Prices Advance

Protect the Machines

Canada's Large Trade „j I j1 i

Canada's Patent Relation

Fall of Water Tanks 46

Developments in Machinery

Eclipse Bolt-Heating Forge. Rivet"

Heating Furnace Monarch Eng. Co 47

Heating Iron and Steel for Forging ,.... 48

Radial Drill. -.London Tool 49

Improved Bevel Protractor B. & S 50

Barnes Tapping Mach Barnes Drill Co

Free College Course

Conventions Foundrymen's at Detroit 51

Industrial and Construction j 63

Book Reviews and Catalogues.

of his paper each month or week, ex-
tracts the sheet and places it on file.

If a reader is in need of information
on .any subject you can in a few min-
utes, by glancing through the file, see
if such information or anything touch-
ing on the matter has been published in
the said paper even if it is several
years back. A reader can, therefore, if
the papers have been carefully placed
find it in a few minutes.

The enclosed draft will give you an
idea of the loose sheet, the blank space
for "Remarks" to be used by each in-
dividual reader as becomes his needs. —
J. H. R.

are expected to take lectures on this
subject and make themselves efficient in
"First Aid work," not only for the
benefit of passengers, but for their own
good. In following up this movement it
is announced that emergency medical
outfits will be supplied as fast as con-
ductors show themselves possessed of
the necessary knowledge to handle them.

In this connection the following eir-
cniar has been !»gael by Mi* J. W
Leonard, general manager of eastern
lines: —

It is the intention of the company in
connection with St. John Ambulance
"First Aid" lectures to supplement the

knowledge that Canadian Pacific em-
ployes will obtain by furnishing an em-
ergency medical outfit to vans as soon as
conductors have passed examination
showing that they arc capable of ren-
dering first aid, and these outfits will be
supplied as ccriilicates are issued to con-
ductors.

Passenger train crews are expected to
take lectures and make themselves effi-
cient, and emergency outfits will, as now,
be carried in all sleeping cars. If no
sleeping car is on the train the medical
outfit will form part of the conductor's
equipment.

Detailed instructions as to the hand-
ling of the boxes will be issued later.

It is the wish of the company that
trainmen take an interest in this work,
not only for the 'benefit of passengers,
but for the benefit of employes gen-
erally.

Information as to the holding of classes
will be bulletined from time to time at
divisional points by the Canadian Pa-
cific Railway Centre of the St. John Am-
bulance Association.

PERSONAL.

Fred W. Evans, manager of the ma-
chinery department of the Canadian
Fairbanks Co., Montreal, was married
recently to Miss Edna Hurd, of Toron-
to.

Thomas R«ed has succeeded the late
Frederick E. C. Baldwin, as sales man-
ager of the Walpole Rubber Co. Mr.
Reed's headquarters are in the Eastern
Townships Bank Bldg., Montreal.

William S. Leslie, president of the
firm of A. C. Leslie &' Co., and Miss
Margaret Wilson, daughter of the late
James R. Wilson, of Sanquhar, Scot-
land, were married on June 15th. The
ceremony was conducted in St. Helen's
Church, Sanquhar, by the Rev. J. Rich-
mond Wood, assisted by the Rev J.
Scott, of Toronto.

$10 For An Idea

For the "Business Management"
department of Canadian Machin-
ery.

We want ideas for this depart-
ment— ideas of practical, labor-
saving, cost-redueing value. We
will pay at regular rates for each
idea accepted, and in addition will
pay $10 for the best idea sub-
mitted during the next five months
—that is, until Sept. 30, 1910.

Address all communications to
the Editor of Canadian Machinery,
143-149 University Ave., Toronto,
Ont.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Device*.

COPING AND PUNCHING MACHINE

This machine, the latest punching ma-
chine of large capacity, placed on the
market by the London Machine Tool
Co., Hamilton, is designed for the rapid
punching, coping and shearing of I

with a shrouded pinion, necessitated by
the heavy strains.

The machine is of a very powerful
type, and several have been in operation
in different works, giving good service.

The total weight is 36,000 lbs.

Coping and Punching Machine, London Machine Tool Co., Hamilton.

beams and other structural shapes, and
is capable of punching four l^-in.
holes. The main dimensions are as fol-
lows: Distance from centre of plunger
to back of throat, 25 in. ; maximum dis-
tance from outside of horn of plunger
to the throat, 46x/2 in.; maximum dis-
tance from plunger to base when stroke
is up with blocks removed, 28% in. ;
main gear has 96 teeth, 2x/2-in. pitch,
and 0-in. face; pinion has 14 teeth, and
the fly-wheel is 5 ft. 6 in. in diameter.
When arranged for electric drive, as
shown, a 10 h.p. constant speed motor
is required, or if belt drive, 30x6-in.
pulleys.

The frame is of close-grained iron, de-
signed with a high factor of safety, the
metal arranged in box section. A 10-in.
forged steel shaft, running in bronze
bearings, transmits power to the punch,
which has a 2-in. stroke. The outer end
■ of the shaft is provided with a support
to take the strain, obviating bending in
the cam portion of the shaft.

The pintle is of cast steel, bronze-
bushed, and working in a hardened steel
knuckle. Taper jibs of bronze are pro-
vided for the steel plunger to take up
the wear. The main gear is of large
diameter, coarse pitch and wide face,

HYDROSTATIC WHEEL PRESS.

Herewith is illustrated a new design
of locomotive hydrostatic wheel press of
convertible type, recently placed on the
market by the John Bertram & Sons

Co., Dundas, Ont. The design is such
as to permit of building the machine in
stock lots, and where an order is re-
ceived for a machine of the inclined
type to facilitate the handling of wheels
and axles directly into the machine by
the regular overhead shop cranes, the
tension bars may be so located that
they do not interfere with crane tackle.
Other users prefer the vertical position
that they may handle axles with the
carrying hooks provided with the ma-
chine, and the bars can be placed to
meet their views without any alteration
to the machine. This is a benefit to the
user as well as builder, for this change
can be made at any. time, either before
or after instalation in the shop. This
and other features are fully covered by
patents.

The triple plunger pump has separate
control for each plunger, so all or each
may be brought into action as required.
Great speed of ram is thereby obtained
and all the delivery pipes being of large
diameter, the return of ram by balance
weights is rapid. Drive can be changed
from motor to belt, parallel or at right-
angles, after the maehine is completed.
Suitable blocks are furnished for car
as well as for locomotive wheels.

MOTOR-DRIVEN SHAPER.

• The motor shown connected to the 24-
in. back-geared crank shaper in the illus-
tration has a speed range of from 450 to
1,350 r.p.m. By means of the face-plate
controller, located on the side of the

Hydrostatic Wheel Press, John Bertram & Sons Co.. Dundas.

5«

CANADIAN MACHINERY

sliaper. [lie workman can regulate the
speed to suit the requirements of hifi
work. A large number of operating
speeds, limited only by the number of
Held resistance steps on the controller,
are thereby available, and the correct
speed for most efficient operation on each
piece of work is easily and quickly ob-
tained. On each position of the con-
troller, the speed of the motor is prac-
tically constant for all rated loads. This
characteristic is of great importance in
machine tool service, as it reduces tool
breakage to a minimum. The controller

Motor Driven Shaper, Queen City Machine Tool
Co.

handle is within easy reach of the oper-
ator, who can make any speed adjust-
ment or stop the shaper instantly while
standing at the rail.

The use of a silent chain as a method
of connecting the motor to the shaper
eliminates belt slippage and provides a
positive driving power. The chain runs
very smoothly and without perceptible
vibration. The motor is supported on
a sub-base cast integral with the base
of the shaper. The equipment is com-
pact and takes up little floor space.

This shaper is made by the Queen City
Machine Tool Company, and is driven
by a Westinghouse type "SA" 5y2 h.p.
motor, with auxiliary commutating poles.

RAWHIDE PINIONS ON GEAR
DRIVES.

Rawhide pinions are usually consider-
ed merely as a means of stopping noise
on medium and high speed drives and
by far the largest percentage of them
are used for that purpose. It is a mat-
ter of engineering experience, however,
that rawhide is quite benefleial on gear
drives where there is vibration from
irregular load, etc.

This is well illustrated in the instance
of the 1,750 gallon quintuplex pump in
the power plant of the Parral Power &
Reduction Co., Parral, Chihuahua, Mexi-
co. This pump as shown in the illustra-
tion is geared through double reduction
to an induction motor and furnishes the
circulating water for the condenser.

Originally this pump was driven en-
tirely by cut steel pinions and cast iron
gears. The pump was of so light a
pattern that there was considerable
spring in both shaft and frame. The re-
sult was constant annoyance from
broken gear teeth and in addition to
gear renewals, there was quite an ex-
pense due to the power loss of running
the engines non-condensing while pump
repairs were being made. The chief en-
gineer had about decided to abandon the
pump and replace it with another of dif-
ferent design when someone suggested
the use of rawhide pinions. According-
ly, four New Process Pinions made by
The New Process Raw Hide Co., of
Syiracuse, N.Y., were substituted for the
four steel pinions. Two of these are
shown in the photograph, one on the
motor and the other meshing with the
big gear at the left. The other two are
on the other side of the motor and placed
symmetrically to those shown. These
rawhide pinions were put into service
over two years ago and there has not
been a moment's trouble with the gear-
ing since. In fact the pump has been
out of service only long enough to re-
pack the plungers and replace the rub-
ber valves.

Rawhide where properly cured and
machined makes up into a gear or pin-
ion that is much the same as metal, ex-
cept that it has no metallic ring and; is
more elastic. This elasticity is highly

UNIVERSAL CHANNEL SHEARS.

The accompanying illustration shows
a motor driven universal shear for squar-
ing and mitring channels, angles and
plates, used in structural steel work.
This machine was built especially for the
marine department of the Maryland
Steel Co., Sparrows Point, Maryland,

W'.J

itm

n

M«pv ^

~ It-"-

i-

1

' 1

Oj '_..

.:*

-

Punch and Shears — Covington Machine Co.

but would be found very useful in any
iron works where steel forms must be
cut for construction work.

This machine has a coping attachment
at one end, a plate shear at the other
and two intermediate 45-degree angle
shears. The coping attachment can also
be used as a punch.

It is built by the Covington Machine
Co., of Covington, Va., and is equipped
with a 25 h.p. type S direct current

Pump Motor Drive Using Pj.-whide Pinions Made
by New Process Raw Hide Co., Syracuse.

advantageous on motor and other drives
in that it absorbs the shock as large gear
teeth come into contact and as cutting
tools come into cutting contact, and it
cushions the irregularity of load due to
the reciprocating movement of parts in
machine tools or geared power plant
apparatus.

motor manufactured by the Westing-
house Electric and Manufacturing Co.,
Pittsburg, Pa.

MOTOR DRIVEN PUMP.

The accompanying cut illustrates an
automatic feed pump and receiver, equip-
ped with motor driven rotary pump,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

5i

built by the Smart-Turner Machine Co.,
Limited, Hamilton. These outfits are
specially designed for returning water of
condensation to boilers, in plants where
the boiler pressure is in the iei«;hbor-
hood of one or two pounds per sqwie
inch. The same receiver, with regulat-

Smart-Turner Motor Driven Pump.

ing device, etc., may be used in con-
junction with either of their Centrifugal,
Triplex or Duplex Power Pumps.

NEW PIPE THREADING MACHINE.

The motor driven pipe threading" ma-
chine shown by the accompanying pic-
ture is one of several recently installed
by the Stoever Foundry and Manufac-
turing Co., Myerstown. Pa., at the pipe
mill of the Spang-Chalfant Co., Sharps-
burg, Pa. The capacity of the machine
is from 4 to 12 inches inclusive. The
installation is of especial interest in that
the pipe threader is the fastest machine

Stoever Pipe Threading Machine Equipped with
Westinghousc Motor.

for threading or cutting pipe on the
market It is threading pipe at the rate
of 28 feet per minute; a very fast speed
for a tool of this size.

The machine is driven by a Westing-
house type, "HS" squirrel cage induc-
tion mill motor, which has the rugged
construction and the general reliability
required for such service. The normal
rating of the motor is 10 horsepower
and the full load speed is 875 r.p.m. on a

three phase, 25 cycle, 200 volt circuit.
.Squirrel cage induction motors of suit-
able design are especially appropriate
for this class of service, since the speed
is constant and there are no sliding con-
tacts. The motor shown has the dis-
tinction of being the first squirrel cage
induction motor designed especially for
heavy mill service; the only wearing
parts are the bearings, which are very
large, rigid and self oiling, and capable
of maximum- service. The motor is
started by means of a Westinghouse
auto-starter.

UNIVERSAL RADIAL DRILL.

The machine shown in the accompany-
ing illustration is a new full universal
triple-geared radial drill recently brought
out by the American Tool Works Co.,
Cincinnati. This machine is an entirely
new development in the field of radial
drills built in 4, 5, 6 and 7-in. arms
lengths.

The design of the arm of this new uni-
versal radial has eliminated many weak-
nesses. It is made in the form of up-
per and lower tube sections which are
bound together. in the back by a double
wall of metal and further reinforced by
heavy transverse ribbing. On the front
wall "ways" are formed for carrying
the unusually wide and rigid saddle,
which is firmly locked at any point along
the arm by means of a powerful clamp-
ing device. This, in addition, binds to-
gether the double arm sections and sad-
dle into a very compact unit, thus afford-
ing unparalleled strength for resisting
all strains. Arm is clamped to column
by two binder levers, obviating loose
wrenches, and is raised and lowered
rapidly by a double thread coarse pitch
screw, hung on ball bearings, and con-
trolled by a convenient lever, marked
ears indicating the proper direction to
throw lever for raising or lowering. This
lever cannot be operated until slightly
raised from its bearing, thus guarding
against accident through unintentional
movement while the arm is clamped to
column. Arm is rotated in a complete
circle by worm engaging worm wheel
cut in the periphery of the arm flange.
This movement, in connection with the
swivelling head, permits drilling and
tapping at any angle radiating from the
centre of a sphere and is firmly clamp-
ed, as set, by four large binder bolts.
Ann is graduated in degrees on its peri-
phery, readings being taken at a fixed
pointer.

The head is of very compact design
and is equipped with powerful steel
triple gears. It may be swivelled through
a complete circle by means of a hand-
wheel and worm which engages a -worm
wheel fixed to the head. This feature
is of special value in setting the spindle

for angular drilling. The worm holds
the swivelling head in any position and
eliminate all possibility of accident,
through the head swinging around of its
own weight, when the clamping bolts
are loosened. The hand wheel affords
quicker motion than the use of a wrench.
Graduation on head show, at a fixed
pointer, the angle as set, and three binder
bolts are provided for securely clamp-
ing the head at any angle. Head is mov-
ed rapidly along the arm by means of
multiple gearing and rack, through the
same hand wheel that swivels the head,
by simply engaging the clutch shown. A
binder is supplied which permits of read-
ily locking the head at any point along
the arm.

A feature of merit is found in the
power-transmitting elements between the
arm shaft and the spindle. The-saddle
shaft, which forms part of this connec-
tion, is offset to one side of the spindle
and is mounted in two long bearings,
one of which is integral with the saddle
and the other with the swivelling head.
Power is transmitted from the saddle
shaft, through mitre gears, to a shaft
in the front head, from which the spin-
dle is driven through spur gears. This
construction eliminates the cramping,
consequent loss of power and rapid wear.

The spindle has 24 changes of speed,
with speed box drive, or cone pulley-
drive with double friction countershaft,
advancing in geometrical progression,
ranging from 19 to 314 r.p.m., all im-
mediately available by means of two
levers, without stopping the machine.
The wide range of speeds obtainable, to-
gether with the enormous power and un-
usual rigidity, render this drill equally
efficient when using either the ordinary
carbon or high speed twist drills, and
particularly fits it for a wide range of
tapping requirements. A speed plate,
fixed to the arm girdle, shows at a glance
how to obtain suitable speeds for the
work being operated upon. Spindle is
provided with both hand and power feeds
also with quick advance and return.

Triple gears are made of steel, are of
powerful design and provide one direct
and two reduced speeds, through the
medium of spur gears and positive
clutches. They are operated from the
front of the head saddle by a convenient
lever, without stopping the machine.
Triple gears are mounted on the back
of the saddle and are fully enclosed by
the upper walls of the arm, thus- per-
.mitting the universal arm to be rotated
through a complete circle with no possi-
bility of any overhanging mechanism in-
terfering with the work-being machined.
This is a distinct feature on this drill.

'Feeding mechanism is located on the
head and provides eight distinct rates
of positive geared feed, covering a care-

52

CANADIAN MACHINERY

fully chosen range in geometrical pro-
gression from .006-in. to .060 in. per rev.
of spindle. This mechanism is controlled
by two dials, on the face of which the
respective feeds are plainly indicated.
Any one of the feeds is instantly ob-
tained by merely turning the dial until
the desired feed comes opposite a fixed
pointer. The rate of feed being used
is plainly indicated at all times and re-
ference to index plates is unnecessary.
The feed train is engaged and disengag-
ed at the worm wheel through a friction
trols the quick advance and return of
clutch and lever, which lever also con-
the spindle. This feed friction is so de-

ping attachment is located between the
speed box and triple gears, the frictions,
already very powerful, receive the bene-
fit of the triple gear ratio and 'have com-
paratively light duty to perform, thus
making possible unusually heavy tap-
ping without undue strain, and permit-
ting taps to be withdrawn at an acceler-
ated speed. The great power of the fric-
tions require but a light adjustment, and
the lever operating same is consequently
thrown in and out of engagement with
very slight amount of effort.

The speed box is of the cone and tum-
bler type and provides eight changes of
speed, ea,eh one of which is instantly

smelters for treatment during the fiscal
year ended March 31, 1910, operated as
follows :

There was a total production of 45,-
467,545 pounds, and the bounty, $15
per ton, amounted to $310,542. The
bodnty paid for the fiscal year 1909
was $307,432, indicating a production
of 42,533,387 pounds of ore. The Cana-
dian lead production is chiefly from the
Kootenay mines in British Columbia,
and a few years ago was shipped al-
most entirely to the smelters in the
United States. The bounty system has
resulted in the ore being smelted in
Canada and, to a large extent, used in

Radial Drill, The American Tool Works Co..

signed as to permit the machine being
crowded to the limit of its capacity with-
out unduly straining the feed works.

The tapping mechanism operates
through our patented double band fric-
tion clutches, which afford considerable
more frictional power than any other
type of friction of similar size. The lever
for operating this mechanism is placed
on the front of saddle and controls the
starting, stopping and reversing of the
6pindle. Owing to the fact that the tap-

available by the mere shifting of the
tumbler lever. All gears in box are
made of steel and are of very coarse
pitch and wide face. The gears in speed
box are of the Brown & Sharpe "20 de-
gree involute pointed tooth system."

CANADA'S LEAD BOUNTIES.

The Dominion government bounty for
the production of lead ore from Cana-
dian mines, delivered at Canadian

this country in the manufacture of
white lead and other products. The
bounty is paid upon a sliding scale,
based upon the price of lead in Lon-
don. It is 75 cents per 100 pounds un-
til the price in London exceeds £14
10s. ($70.56) per ton. Should the price
on the London market reach £18
($87.60) the Canadian bounty would
cease altogether. But this is not likely
to happen. The London quotation on
July 1 was $61.10.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

POWER AT 25 CYCLES vs. 60 CYCLES
By C. L. Gulley, B.A.Sc.

The conditions that to-day exist in
the central station business in the City
of Toronto, are not new to the electri-
cal profession, as they are being experi-
enced or discussed in every city of any
size in Canada and the United States.
The electrical world has seen advances
in the last few years that at first seemed
incredible, and at which people still
wonder. Among these advances is one
which is attracting the attention of the
citizens of Toronto, possibly more than
any other; the writer has reference to
the enormous strides taken in the devel-
opment of the transmission line. The
reason for this is directly due to the
degree of perfection to which the in-
sulation problem has been worked. Not
many years ago 110,000 volts was con-
sidered by electrical engineers as imprac-
ticable, owing to the difficulties experi-
enced in obtaining an insulating mater-
ial, which would stand up under such
a strain. However, these difficulties
have been met and overcome, and to-
day, as a result, we have entering the
City of Toronto, a transmission line,
which will work under a pressure of
110,000 volts.

Power, in electrical units, is the pro-
duct of "volts and amperes; so that,
within limits, for a definite amount of
power transmitted the higher the volt-
age the smaller will be the current,
which means the line loss will be smaller
as the line loss, which mainly consists
of copper loss, depends upon the amount
of current flowing. Thus, any means of
lessening the current is immediately sub-
stituted, and as can be seen from the
above statement the only way to do this
is by increasing the voltage under which
the line is being worked. Also, as the
current is decreased the cross-section of
transmitting copper can be decreased,
which means a very considerable saving
in the line copper. Also as the copper
is decreased, the weight of the line is
decreased, causing a decrease in the
size, strength and number of the towers.
On the other hand, as the voltage is in-
creased (i.e. decreasing the current for
a definite amount of power transmit-
ted), the cost of insulating the line in-
creases very rapidly. Thus, as we evade
one source of expense to the first cost
of the line we encounter the other.
However, for any large amount of
power transmitted on a low voltage line,
the line loss as well as the cost of the

copper and towers necessary would be
enormous, and would more than balance
the increased cost of insulating the high
voltage line.

The 25 cycle problem, which is being
worked out in Toronto is one which
depends directly upon the transmission
line, as power can be transmitted more
cheaply, i.e., with less line loss, at 25
cycle per Second, than at 60 cycle per
second. Anything that will lessen line
loss without materially affecting line
cost is at once grasped.

Line loss depends upon the resistance
and the inductive reactance of copper
wire, and the charging and leakage cur-
rent. The last two depend npon the
voltage of transmission.

From the table of physical and elec-
trical constants of copper wire for Mat-
thiessen standard wire at 60 degrees
Fahrenheit for transmission line cal-
culations, as found in the Standard
Handbook for electrical engineers, we
find a very considerable difference in
the charging current and inductive re-
actance, when calculated for 25 and 60
cycles.

Table of Physical and Electrical Con-
stants for Copper Wire.

8

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1

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No.

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72

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.3033

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.00684

The writer has chosen the constants
affected by the frequency, and in each
BOM it is found that t!;-; li. e loss wi'.l
bo decreased by transmit :ng at 25 cy-
cles instead of 60. The resistance of
the copper wire and the leakage cur-
rent are unaffected, but the inductive
reactance and the charging current are
each deceased 58 per cent.

Before the days of the long trans-
mission lines, alternating current was
practically standardized at 60 cycles
per second. However, now that the
citizens of Toronto are being supplied
with power from Niagara Falls at 25
cycles per second, it means that the

central station man must either install
special motor generator sets to change
the frequency or arrange to have the
60 cycle apparatus removed and re-
placed by similar 25 cycle machines. In
the case where there are a great many
consumers already using current at 60
cycles per second it is a better proposi-
tion for the central station man to in-
stall his frequency changes and to stand
the increased loss in the changing of
the current, and in distributing to his
customers, but where the consumers are
comparatively few and scattered over
large areas it is better for him to have
the system changed as a few customers
can be changed with very little trouble
for the customers or for him. On this
account we find the Toronto Electric
Light Company changing its current in
the outskirts of Toronto, where indust-
rial power-using establishments are scat-
tered.

One great drawback to 25 cycle cur-
rent is that it will not operate satisfac-
torily an arc lamp. Where an arc must
be used, as in a moving picture theatre
in which place a most intense light is
necessary, it means the installation of a
motor generator set or better, a mercury-
rectifier set. A mercury rectifier set is
preferable for it works at an efficiency
of 93 per cent, and 97 per cent, against
an efficiency of 70 per cent, to 80 per
cent, for the motor generator set. The
upkeep of such a rectifier, however, is
against it, as there is an expenditure
of $30 to $40 per annum for bulbs, the
life of a bulb being 800 to 1,200 hours,
whereas, with a motor generator set,
neglecting burn-outs,' etc., there is no
direct outlay.

For incandescent lighting the two cur-
rents are interchangeable. Upon observ.
ing minutely a lamp burning on 25 cy-
cle current one can detect a flickering,
which is absent in a lamp burning on 60
cycle current. This flickering is gener-
ally considered to be so slight as to be
harmless to the' eye.

Motors designed for 25 cycles do as
good work as those designed for 60
cycles, the former, however, being' more
expensive, owing to the fact that more
iron and copper are necessary. The no-
load speeds obtainable with 25 cycle
motors are 1,500, 750, 500, 375, etc., r.
p.m., while those with 60 cycle motors
are 3,600, 1800 1,200, 900, etc., r.p.m.,
downwards. Thus, we see in the case
where a direct connected motor generat-

54

CANADIAN MACHINERY

or is essential or where there is a direct
connected tool, the highest permissable
speed with 25 cycles is 1,500 r.p.m.,
which may or may not fill the require-
ments. Where connection is made by
means of belt and pulleys any diffi-

culties of this nature can be eliminated
by varying the sizes of the pulleys.

Then to sum up: — power alternating
at the rate of 25 cycles per second, is
much more cheaply transmitted and dis-
tributed than power alternating at 60

cycles per second; to distribute at 25
cycles per second eliminates the use of
frequency changer sets in the central
stations; and with the exception of are
lamps one operates electrical appli-
ances as well as the other.

The Machinery and Equipment of a Steel Suction Dredge

An Account of the Dredge under Construction in Toronto at the Poison
Iron Works, for the Great Lakes Dredging Company, Port Arthur.

The large suction dredge built at
the Poison Iron Works, Toronto for
the Great Lakes Dredging Company,
Port Arthur, is completed. The
contract was divided between the Poison
Iron "Works and the Bucyrus Co., South
Milwaukee, Wis., the former company
doing the greater portion of the work.

The vessel, Fig. 1, is of steel construc-
tion throughout. In length, it is 125
feet, with a 40 ft. beam, and the main
hull is 9 feet deep, will draw, when com-
pleted, about 5 ft. 6 in. of water. This
main hull has been divided into two
longitudinal, and three transverse, water
tight bulk heads, making 12 water tight
compartments. This precaution has been
taken to prevent sinking of vessel in
case of accident to shell, as two, or three
compartments might be filled and the
dredge still remain afloat.

The main deck house is 96 ft. long by
32 ft. wide, and is 9 ft. in height. In
this and the main hold, are all the power
mechanisms of the boat. On the for-
ward part of the roof of this
main deck house (not completed when
photograph was taken), is the operating
cabin, behind which is a steel house 40
ft. x 22 ft., for the living quarters of
the crew.

Cutter Head.

The cutter head is a single open hearth
steel casting, 5 ft. 10 in. in diameter by

4 ft. 8 in. long, and consists of eight ex-
tra heavy blades, radially set from a hub
at the end and running back spirally to
a 3 in. by 8£ in. back ring to which

they are cast. This cutter head is mount-
ed on a forged steel shaft, rough turned
between bearings.

The cutter shaft is driven through
three sets of gears by a 10 x 14 horizon-
tal, double reversing steam engine, in
the hold of the dredge.

The suction ladder shown in Fig 1 at
A is 57 ft. long and 16 ft. wide at the
inner end, tapering to the cutter head,
and is of exceptionally heavy design con-
sisting essentially of two heavy plate
girders strongly cross-braced. The lad-
der is supported at its inner end by two
trunnion bearings, one of which is hol-
low, and forms the suction pipe connec-
tion to the pumps. These trunnion bear-
ings have removable caps, so that the
ladder may be completely removed with-
out disturbing the rest of the machinery.
The ladder is suspended from a struc-
tural steel jib which in turn is suspend-
ed from a structural steel A-frame (the
latter shown at B, Fig. 1), both of which
are pin-connected to the deck. The
hoisting tackle consists of a continuous
rope with two leads to the drum, there-
by equalizing the strains on the sides of
the block. The lower block is so ar-

ranged that it is always out of the water,
even in the ladder's lowest position.

Suction and Discharge.

The inboard suction and discharge
pipes consist of 20 in. diameter, lap-
welded, steel pipe, % in. thick, connect-
ed to the pump by steel casting reducers.
To insure safety from sinking in case
the discharge pipe should become rup-
tured, the latter is jacketted. All el-
bows in both suction and discharge
pipes are open hearth steel castings, and
are provided with man-holes for the
ready removal of obstructions such as
stones and stumps.

The centrifugal pump, Fig. 2, which is
unlined, has a 78 inch diameter runner.
Both suction and discharge orifices are
the same in size, 22 inches in diameter.
The casing is a single open hearth nickel-
chrome steel casting, with the maximum
thickness in the region of the greatest
wear, and it is braced by radial ribs ex-
tending around the shell from the suc-
tion head flange to the similar flange on
the back. As these ribs increase the
thickness of the shell available for wear,
the life of the casing is increased. The
front and back heads, which axe also un-
lined, are steel castings. The back head
has brackets cast on to be attached to
the base to which the pump shaft bear-
ings are attached. The runner is a single

Fig. 1.— The Dredge Shuniah Before Launching. Poison Iron Works, Toronto.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

55

steel casting of shrouded type with five
curved arms. The pump shaft is made
in two parts to facilitate the removal
of the runner from the casing when so
desired. These shaft parts are connect-
ed by large clamp couplings. The sec-

ladder. These are so arranged that any
drum can be removed without disturbing
the rest of the machinery. The spuds
are lifted by two parts of rope, enabling
them to be rapidly manipulated when
stepping ahead. They are circular in

Fig. 3. — Launching New Dredge at Poison Iron Works. Toronto.

tion of the shaft next to the engine has
three integral thrust collars with ad-
justable thrust bearings of the horse-
shoe type.

Engine and Fnmps.

The pump is directly connected
through this shaft to a vertical triple
expansion marine type, non-reversing
engine, Fig. 2, with cylinders 15 in., 22
in. and 36 in. in diameter and an 18 in.
stroke, capable of running 200 r.p.m..
and of developing 700 i.h.p. at that
speed with 190 lbs. steam. This engine
was supplied by the Marine Iron Works,
Chicago.

A 500 h.p. National Feed Water Heat-
er supplies the boiler with water through
two 7!/2x5x6 Blake Duplex feed pumps,
working against a boiler pressure of 200
lbs. The Poison surface condenser used
consists of a shell 36 inches diameter
and 10 feet long, with brass tube sheets
and tubes, presenting a total cooling sur-
face of 1,200 sq. ft. A 14x16x18x13
Blake combined circulating and air
requirements of this

the

pump meets
condenser.

The electric light equipment consists
of a 15 k.w. Sturtevant turbo generator
set, with the necessary switchboard an.i
connections. This supplies 180 16-c.p.
lights, as. well as a 14 in. search light
mounted on the operating cabin.

The steam piping throughout is of
solid drawn steel with cast steel flanges
shrunk on. All other small pip? con-
nections are of the usual wrought iron
type with malleable fittings. All valves
up to 2 in. are of brass, while those above
2 in. are cast iron with brass seats.

Winch Machinery.
The winch machinery consists of five
(hums operated from a double 8x10
si cam engine. Two of these drums are
for swinging lines, two for spud lines,
and one for raising and lowering the

sections and are held in steel casting
guides with hinged caps to facilitate
shipping and unshipping. The steel
casting spud points are especially de-
signed to penetrate stiff material.

A 500 h.p. Heine water tube boiler,
carrying 200 lbs. pressure, supplies the
necessary steam. The boiler is similar
to that used in stationary practice, ex-
cept that it is encased in steel and is
supported by heavy channel girders and

columns. There are two drums 42 in.
diameter and 23 ft. 6 in. long, and 278
31/2 in. tubes, 18 ft. long. The 7 ft. x
7 ft. grate is fed by a Murphy automatic
stoker, and is supplied with forced draft
from a Surtevant No. 7 multivane fan.

The controlling arrangement is well
arranged, for all the winch drum brakes
and clutches, and the various engine
valve9, are all controlled from the cabin
in the bow of the dredge, by compressed
air supplied from an 11 in. Westinghouse
air compressor.

Similar dredges have excavated suc-
cessfully cemented gravel, hard pan,
shale, and boulders as large a9 would
pass the pump passages, without injury
to the machinery. The average output
in fair digging has been 250,000 yards
per month. Recently one of these ma-
chines excavated 24.600 yards in 20
hours, or at the rate of 1,230 yards' per
hour.

Fig. 3 shows the dredge being launch-
ed. The overhead crane shows one of
the features made use of by the Poison
Iron Works in the handling of their
large jobs. This crane runs the length of
their erection yard, so can take care of
the work for several vessels while under
erection. Large shear legs, not shown
in view, handle the material after the
vessel is launched.

Fig. 2.— Machinery Equipment of the New Dredge Built at Poison Iron Works Toronto.

56

CANADIAN MACHINERY

GnadianMachinery

^Manufacturing News->

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
ricity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto - • Business Manager

G. C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto - Managing Editor
F.C. D.WILKES, B.Sc., Montreal - Associate Editor

OFFICES :

CANADA
Montreal

Rooms 701-702 Eastern

Townships Bank Bldg

Toronto 143-149 University Ave.

Fbone Main 7324

Winnipeg. 511 Union Bank Building:

Phone 3726

F. R. Munro

British Columbia - Vancouver

H. Hodgson,

Room 21, Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street, E.C.

Phone Central 12960

E.J. Dodd

UNITED STATES

New York - - R. B. Huestis
1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-
ance and Trust Building
Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE

Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,

Paris, France

SWITZERLAND

Zurich - Louis Woll

Orell Fussli & Co.

Cable Address:
Macpubco, Toronto. Atabek, London, Eng.

SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
Canada, United States, $1.00, Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4s. 6d., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.

Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will confer a
favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified at once of any
change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

August, 1910

No. 8

ABOUT CATALOGUES.

Recently we received a letter from a subscriber in
British Columbia regarding catalogues. He refers to
certain manufacturers advertising in trade and technical
publications that their catalogue will be sent forward
if the request is written on the company's letter head.

The correspondent writes: "I find from experience
that it is the working engineer who wants the informa-
tion about the articles and how to operate them. Some-
times the catalogue is mailed inside the box with the
article and is destroyed by grease and nails."

Catalogues should be widely distributed and both engin-
eer and company supplied with a copy. Our correspondent
in his letter writes: "The firms who print advertisements
and catalogues and lock them up in the safe will find it
mighty hard to get their wares to leave the warehouse. I
am pleased to know there are some firms who agree with
me and send engineers, the men who use the apparatus,
particulars of their wares.

"I know several firms who send traveling mechanics
around to those establishments where their goods are
used, to see that the mechanics and foremen understand
them. They see that the apparatus works properly,
give instructions, catalogues, etc."

Our correspondent in attempting to hit one nail on
the head has struck two nails squarely on their heads.
The companies wish to get in touch with the mechanic
and the mechanic wishes to procure literature in regard
to machinery. For the informations of the manu-
iacturer with the catalogues we could read him the par-
able of the sower. Suffice it to say, however, that if
the catalogues and information is not distributed, he
will be the loser.

Then, again, there are mechanics who do not avail
themselves of the opportunity to procure information
about apparatus on the market. In addition to reading
carefully his technical paper, he should send for the cata-
logues that are procurable. A great number of com-
panies, we are glad to say, will willingly send catalogues
on request and mechanics can become well informed on
the various power rquipments on the market.

CANADA'S GROWING TRADE.

The total trade of Canada for June was $66,000,000,
an increase of $10,354,623 over June of 1909. For the
first quarter of the present fiscal year the total trade has
been $171,173,690, a comparative increase of $36,606,000,
or over 25 per cent.

Imports for June totalled $39,705,237, an increase of
$8,363,675 over June of last year. For the three months
imports totalled $109,384,187, an increase of $27,281,997.
Exports of domestic products for the quarter totalled
$57,648,937, an increase of $8,321,933.

The principal increase in exports was in agricultural
products, which show a betterment of nearly six millions,
as compared with the corresponding period of last year.
The customs revenue for June was $5,866,906, and for
the three months, $16,568,411, increases of $1,004,647 and
$3,675,352 respectively.

♦

SIGNS ON FACTORIES.

There are many ways of advertising a business, one
important way being a sign in a prominent place on a
manufacturing plant. This method is especially valuable
if near a railroad or waterway. This method should be
followed to acquaint the traveling public with the name
and nature of the business.

Some large manufacturers neglect this form of adver-
tising and they are often losers on that account. A trar
veler on a railroad is often prompted to ask what indus-
try is located in certain buildings along the railroad. If
there were a large sign, his question would be answered
at once.

Then a conspicuous sign is a time-saver. A traveller
or a customer visits a new place to select new equipment.
There are a number of plants and he loses valuable time
finding the one he wishes to visit. If he has only a short
time between trains, every minute is valuable.

Then there is another viewpoint, the ethical courtesy.
Be sure, Mr. Manufacturer, you will some day, if you
haven't already done so, appreciate the courtesy of other
manufacturers erecting an artistic sign in a prominent
place. A sign is a good investment, which gives an air of
prosperity to a plant and in addition is an excellent ad-
vertisement to the traveling public.

SECURING GREATER EFFICIENCY.

Black stained woodwork and furniture with dull terra-
cotta red wall surfaces, the secretary of' one company se-
lected as the color scheme for a factory office, lighted on
north and south sides by what practically amounts to
glass walls, so great ja the window area. The color com-
bination is unique but the results are excellent. There is
no reflected glare from the furniture.

All stock articles for which there is much demand are
placed near the counters in one stockroom, to save time
in filling orders. Those for which there is only occasional
call are placed in the rear and away from doors. This,
one manager finds, saves a lot of unnecessary handling.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

57

25 CYCLE vs. 60 CYCLE.

Elsewhere in this issue is an article on "Power at 25
cycle versus 60 cycle in Toronto." This article treats on
a subject that is of considerable interest at present due
to most of the Western Ontario municipalities taking
Hydro-Electric power from the Commission, all of which
is transmitted at 25 cycle. The conditions prevailing in
Toronto being necessarily much the same as elsewhere,
the article is of general interest.

Mr. Gulley is in a position to be quite conversant with
the conditions as they prevail, being in charge of part of
the change-over from the 60 to 25 cycle in Toronto, so
that what he states may be looked upon as authoritative.

As mentioned in this article, it is only profitable to
change-over where the power users are scattered, as other-
wise the cost of the change would be prohibitive, the
saving where the transmission distance is short not war-
ranting the extra expenditure of replacing the machine.
For that reason, in Toronto, change-overs are only being
made east of the Don, and in Parkdale, as in these dis-
tricts, the industries are scattered. Similar changes have
been made in other Western Ontario cities, the power
companies changing over, and thereby compelling the
power users to change their equipment to suit.

Mr. Gulley shows conclusively that it is much to the
advantage of the operating companies to transmit at the
lower frequencies, the figures he cites proving his state-
ments.

This article will prove of interest to the majority of
our readers, for it does not appear to be generally
understood why this general change-over is being made.

The enforcement of the law will certainly interfere
with trade relations between British Columbia and the
other provinces.

But the tax of $25 to $250, according to the capital
stock of the company, is not the worst feature of the
legislation. It is its narrow provincialism that is most to

be deprecated.

It is nationalism, not provincialism, which should be
the aim of every Canadian to develop.

A law which, according to the Attorney-General's own
word, declares it to be illegal for a person in British Col-
umbia to order goods from a non-registered company
located outside the province, certainly does not savor of
nationalism.

Before, however, the business men of eastern Canada
seriously undertake the modification of the objectionable
British Columbia Act, would it not be well for them to
begin at home? Their laws, in practice, may not be as
aggressive as that in British Columbia, but they are on
the statute book, and as long as they are thereon they
can scarcely, with clear consciences, undertake the re-
generation of their fellow sinners in the Pacific Province.

LET US AVOID HYPROCRISY.

The extra-provincial tax of British Columbia is a men-
ace to inter-provincial trade. There is no doubt about
it, and no one denies it.

It is a sort of McKinley Act levied against the other
provinces composing the Dominion.

But while this is true, do not let us who live and do
business outside British Columbia play the hypocrite.
These British Columbians may be sinners greater than
we are in this one respect, but none of us can lay claim
to being altogether free from narrow provincial legisla-
tive sins of the type which has been placed upon the
statute book of British Columbia.

Several of the provinces have rather drastic laws on
their statute books in regard to extra-provincial com-
panies. In Ontario, for example., the penalty for non-
registration is the same as in British Columbia, namely,
$50 a day for the company and $20 a day for the agent
or representative. And then some that have not extra-
provincial taxes, permit municipalities to levy taxes upon
commercial travelers, which is even a more irksome form
of taxation.

Wherein the British Columbia Act chiefly differs from
• similar Acts on the statute books of Ontario, Quebec and
Manitoba is in its enforcement. British Columbia seems
determined to strictly enforce the law ; the other provinces
that possess a similar law are in the main unconcerned
about its enforcement. The Vancouver Board of Trade
has failed to induce the Attorney-General to suspend the
operations of the Act for even six months.

BAN ON THE SECRET REBATER.

The secret rebater is becoming more and more un-
popular, and it begins to look as if Canadian salesmen
were to be divided into two great moral classes — the secret
rebater and the honest salesman who depends upon his
ability.

The man who stoops so low as to offer a rebate in
order to cover up his lack of salesmanship does not de-
serve the support or glad hand of his fellow traveler.
His competition is most unfair; not only that, it is crimi-
nal in the eyes of the law.

Recent cases have come to our observation where trav-
elers have declined to recognize their confreres on the
street because the latter have been guilty of an offence
of the criminal code in respect to secret rebates.

Under ordinary circumstances their action in keeping
aloof from their competitors should be discouraged. But
in the case at hand are they not justified to a certain
extent in ostracising them?

The secret rebater is rapidly becoming unpopular, and
rightly so. Business should be done on honest principles
— a salesman should rely on his salesmanship ability, the
standard of his goods, and the reliability of his house,
and not on rebates contrary to the criminal, as well as to
the moral law.

A large machine tool company used large quantities
of cutting and threading oil in their screw machine and
turret lathe departments, buying in barrel and carload
lots. It was suggested that they could save money by
purchasing their oil in tank car lots and compounding it
themselves. A series of tests was conducted with varying
proportions of different oil, different prices, and so on.
The result showed to their satisfaction where iby so doing
an oil equal in quality to what they had been using could
be had at such a reduction in price as to result in a sav-
ing of from six thousand to seven thousand per year.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

FOUNDRY EFFICIENCY.*
By Benj. D. Fuller, Cleveland, 0.

The question of raising the efficiency
of the shop is ever a live one, be it the
machine, pattern, smith, boiler shop or
foundry. Hence, I feel it will not be
trespassing upon the time of this body
to ask yiou to devote a few minutes to
the consideration of methods which have
been tried and, so far, proven success-
ful.

First, consider the question of excess
weight on castings due to careless ram-
ming, weak flasks and loose bars, weak
boards, soft pit walls, etc. What does
it mean? Not only a poor casting, but
an expensive one in many ways. If it
be a small casting, say one properly
weighing 5 lbs., the order calling for
the delivery of 1,000 daily, and you pro-
duce one thousand castings which, due
to some negligenee, average 5% lbs.,
then the day's work shows 500 lbs. excess
weight at .008 per lb., equals $4 per day
for the one pattern, iron cost only. Now
while the foundry will probably receive
credit for the extra weight, it means a
loss, however, to the company, who
charge a certain figure for the finished
equipment.

Another loss is in machinery, as jigs
will not fit properly, etc., and when your
foundries are in one city, and your
machine shops in another, there is
the extra freight charge from foun-
dry to factory, and again the ex-
tra freight charge when shipping
the finished equipment. If the cast-
ing is a heavy one. such as an en-
gine or generator bed, armature, spider,
field frame, etc., something weighing
15 to 40 tons, the case is more marked, a
variance of 1,000 lbs. or more in two
castings from the same pattern is not
extraordinary. This, when your freight
shipments are thousands of tons month-
ly, means much.

Now awaken a live interest in this
question in your foremen, and the re-
sult is not only a saving in dollars and
cents, but the satisfaction of noting a
marked improvement in the quality of
output. In our case a card record of
shipments by pattern number is kept,
upon whieh card weights are recorded
as separate shipments are made. When
gains or losses show, the case is tabu-
lated in a monthly report, which is to-
taled at the close of the month, each
foreman's department being segregated.

Many disagreeable surprises are in

* Head at A. F. A. Conventigp, pctrQit.

store for any one compiling such a re-
port, but when the foremen are gathered
to discuss the question, and marked cases
are brought to their attention, it "sinks
in." with the result that, as in our case,
it shows a decided total gain.

Following up this matter has also
emphasized the advantage of the mo'd-
ing machine, as invariably the transfer
from hand to machine molding shows a
decided gain in quality, as well as re-
duction in weight. This may not appeal
to the man who sells his castings by
weight, but it will appeal to his cus-
tomer from both standpoints.

A striving to improve a record among
the foremen, must needs awaken an am-
bition among the men. and nothing is
better for the shop than to get the men
interested in a sort of contest of this
kind.

Another method being employed, and
which promises well, is an efficiency re-
cord, whereby a report is tabulated daily
showing the amount cast in pounds by
each man, the amount good and amount
bad. The per cent, of scrap made in
each department, or bay, in a given per-
iod, usually from one pay to another,
and whether a man is over or under
the average of his bay for this period.

A foreman 's record is determined by
the average of all the men working un-
der him. This individual record is kept
by card index, so that any man may be
shown up at any time. No bluff as to
''how good you have been" can be car-
ried out in the face of this record. And
on the other hand, the deserving can be
singled out. This card record is of con-
siderable value when men ask for ad-
vance in rate from time to time. By a
glance it is easy to determine a man's
comparative value. For instance, if a
man's record shows that he has made
more scrap than the average of his de-
partment, you would not waste much
time in argument with him.

Copies handed to each foreman of a
daily tabulated report showing the Dum-
ber of castings made from each pattern,
and the number which were defective,
in a parallel column for comparison, will
also "help some."

The coremaker is also kept tab upon,
and opportunities afforded the ambi-
tious, as well as means used to stir am-
bit inn among the men and boys. Here
is a method of handling the yard labor,
such as loading and unloading cars, pil-
ing and transporting stock, iron, scrap,
coal, sand, limestone, clay, etc. If you
have kept a record whereby each opera*

tion lias been segregated as to cost, it is
an easy matter to strike an average as
lo the cost of the whole, using as a base
the average cost per ton to you at pres-
ent, or the best figure you have record-
ed. Offer a good man in charge of the
whole yard force a premium for every
fraction of a penny per ton he can beat
this record price. Do the same with the
cupola operator as to the costs which
enter into his work, charging coke, iron
scrap, ladle and cupola care, etc., etc.
The same with the man responsible for
the cleaning and chipping of the cast-
ings, and you may be surprised at the re-
sults.

Do not make a move whieh will
weaken the men's confidence in your
fairness, and in the words of the immor-
tal Abe Lincoln, "There may be other
things which your special case requires
to make you happy, but, my friends,
these. I reckon, will give you a good
lift."

FOUNDRY ECONOMIES.

By K. Campbell.

In a recent issue reference was made
to a number of saving in the factory of
the National Cash Register Co., Toronto,
by which resulted in $11,400 being saved
annually. The attention of the superin-
tendent has also been given to the foun-
dry department where a number of sav--
ings have been made.

After the brass castings came from
the foundry and the gates were removed,
they were brushed and afterwards dip-
ped in an acid solution, in order to thor-
oughly cleanse them before they were
machined. It was suggested that by us-
ing a heavier brush, the castings could
be so thoroughly cleaned that the dip-
ping process would be unnecessary. This
suggestion has been tried out and works
satisfactorily. As a result $566 per an-
num will foe saved.

Another big saving was made in the
foundry by subdividing the work so thai
the high priced molders do nothing but
mold, while the clamping of molds ami
other similar work is dune by cheaper
men.

The increase of work made it neces-
sary to get more floor space in the foun-
dry. This was dune by substituting for
the coke drying staves, gas heated stove's
which take up one quarter floor apace,
and also by eliminating the smoking pro-
cess without hurting quality of castings
and thus doing away with several smoke
boxes.

The Molding Machine in the Machine Tool Foundry

Actual Examples of What is Being Done in this Field of Development — Pro-
duct Improved and Cost Reduced — An Assistance to the Skilled Molder.

The high quality of eastings that are
now required by machine tool manufac-
turers has forced the foundrymen to pay
particular attention to the finish of the
molds in order to meet these require-
ments. When one takes into considera-
tion the complexity of the modern ma-

Fig. 1. — Drawing ol Knee.

chine tool with its gear boxes and box-
sections, we may credit the foundry with
real progress in being able under these
conditions to cope so successfully with
their problem.

In the March, 1909, issue of Canad-
ian Machinery we described the method
of molding pulleys on the molding ma-
chine; and in this issue some more re-
presentative examples of machine tool
work will be shown.

As was mentioned in the above article
the greatest drawback to the production
of first-class castings was the tearing
of the molds in drawing the patterns.
Not only in the finished product do
these torn molds show up badly, they
also appear to considerable disadvan-
tage in the cost of the castings. As the
use of the molding machine eliminates

Fig. 2. — Cope Pattern Board.

these 'tears' it lias a double advantage
either one of which would offset any dis-
advantage that one may find.

One type of machine used on this
: 'las? « t work employs stripper plates to
p:-< viiit the tearing of the molds. These
ftripper plates are made to conform
to the shape of the pattern at the
parting and the pattern is drawn

By John Edgar.

back into the former position, ready to
receive another flask. During the draw-
ing and just before it is commenced the
frame is struck a few sharp blows with
a rawhide hammer to free the pattern
from the sand. Air vibrators are also
used for this purpose, and where air is
available are preferable.

This type of machine is very expen-
sive to fit up and is only available when
one pattern is to be worked continually.
But in machine tool work where castings
are desired in limited quantities the hand
ramming roll over type of machine in
which the ordinary split pattern is used
is the most useful.

The reason the hand ramming feature
is more desirable than the power squeez-
er type is due to the fact that the many
pockets formed by the irregular shape of
many machine tool patterns makes it
difficult to obtain an evenly rammed
mold. In this type of machine we have
the desirable features of both hand and
machine molding combined.

This is the style of machine that was
used in molding the pulleys, described in

Fig. 3.— Cheok Pattern Board.

the March number. The operation is as
follows : The pattern is attached to the
board that is fastened to the roll over
the frame of the machine. By means of
guides the frame has a straight line
drawing action, operated either by hand
or air or hydraulic power. The pattern
board is clamped to the rollover frame
of the machine in a position such that
the pattern faces upward. The flask is
then set upon the board to which it is
held by fixed dowels. Sand is rammed
into tli!' flask around the pattern, as in
ordinary molding, the molder striking
it off flush with the top of the flask.
Then' a bottom board is clamped to the
top of the flask and pattern board so
that they are held firmly during the
rolling over operation, which is next in
order. When the frame has been rolled
over into the oposite position the clamps

are removed and the frame, carrying the
pattern board with it, is raised vertical-
ly until the pattern is free from the
sand. At this point the frame is rolled
through them when drawn from the sand.
The plate prevents any sand clinging
to the pattern.

Fig. 4.— Nowel Pattern Board.

As examples of what has been done on
these machines, in the way of medium
heavy work, illustrations are taken of
two castings that have been successfully
molded on the molding machine at a
great saving in time, with a considerable
advantage in the matter of the appear-
ance of the product.

Open Type Knee.

The first example is an open type knee
shown in Fig. 1. This pattern was orig-
inally molded in a two part flask. In
adapting it to the molding machine, a
three-part mold had to be used on ac-
count of the limit in the range of the
machine. The partings were made, one
horizontally through the centre of the
bosses A and B, on the outside, and in
the inside between the boss B and the
back of knee, the parting was made at
the shelf. This pattern was attached to

Fig. 5.— Seiup of Mold for Knee.

the board along the outside parting line
and the deeper parting inside was cut
into the board as shown in Fig. 2 which
is a perspective view of the pattern
and board. The angle in the slide at
the back is cored out, the print showing
at e.

That part of the knee above the
centre of the bosses A and B and up

6o

CANADIAN MACHINERY

to within a couple of inches of the top,
where the other parting was made is
shown in the view in Fig. 3. In drawing
this pattern from the mold the inner
boss on A and the outer one on B would
interfere unless they were made loose.
Loose pieces are features that must be
avoided in machine molding, if possible,
and in order to do so in this case a core
is inserted between the two bosses, run-
ning to the board, and one is also placed

each foundryman has a way of arranging
them to suit his own ideas and exper-
ience, it is not necessary to go into the
details of the mold in that direction.

Much of the success in machine mold-
ing depends primarily on the pattern
and unless care is taken with the draft
it cannot be drawn freely from the mold.
In machine molding the pattern is con-
fined to a straight line motion vertically
and cannot be shifted laterally to favor

Fig. 6.— Drawing ol Cabinet Leg.

under the outer boss of A for the same
purpose. These cores are shown in Fig.
3 at D and E. The core D is run to the
middle of the outside walls of the knee
in order to preserve the rounded edge.

The rest of the mold is made up of
that portion of the knee above the sec-
ond parting, and the pattern and board
are shown in Fig. 4. In this pattern the
core D runs up flush with the top of the
slide. The angles or dovetails, and also
the front ledge F, are made loose, it
being considered better to avoid cores
that come in contact with surfaces to be
planed because the tendency is to chill
the iron and cause a hard gritty scale
which acts injuriously on the tools. These
loose pieces are held in place while ram-
ming the sand around them by draw
pins or dowels, which are removed
before drawing the pattern. In order to
mold the top of the shelf the board is
cut out to the proper depth and the
boss placed in position.

Fig. 5 shows how the three parts,
match up to form the mold. The mold
is poured with the face of the top slide
downward, as this ensures a good clean
surface free from sponginess and dirt.
The dirt generally rises in the mold and
any surfaces that are horizontally plac-
ed and facing downward catch it as it
rises with the iron. Pouring heads and
risers are not shown in this sketch as
they are of the ordinary design and, as

any irregularities in draft. In fact
where it is possible the draft must be
of a greater degree than that used in
hand molded patterns. Patterns are not
as a rule given sufficient draft for easy
molding and this lack of sufficient draft
is the cause of much of the tearing and
the waste of valuable time mending the
molds, as a result.

Not only should every surface of ths
pattern be made with a good draft, but
the core prints, where they are to be
drawn from the sand and where they
fit into one another should be provided
with a good angle of bevel. The making
of cores with right angular sides causes a
great deal of trouble to the core setter,
who is forced to file the cores to make
them fit. Pattern makers do not seem
to be able to compprehend the fact that
cores are made of sand and are liable to
variations. A core that has to be filed
to get it into the space intended for it
cannot very well be expected to match
up with the rest of the mold and must
necessarily result in a jog at the part-
ing.

Referring again to Fig. 1, it may be
well to mention the manner in which the
larger sizes of these knees were fitted
for the machine. In these sizes it was
impossible to part them, so as to mold
as has been described, which description
refers to the smaller sizes. This was
due to the limited range of the machines

which was for a 12" draw. So they
split on the X Y centre line and molded
sideways; the inside of the knee being
taken in a dry sand core.

Molding Machine Leg.

Fig. 6 shows another job of molding
that caused considerable trouble when
made by hand. This is a machine leg
with an oil reservoir inside, and a drip
pan as shown. As first constructed this
pattern was made to be molded upside
down, the inside being cored out with a
dry sand core. The depth of this mold
and the effect of the core caused the
casting to be very badly distorted and
ihe walls came very much thicker than
the pattern intended.

A new pattern was eventually made
split on the vertical X Y axis and bet-
ter results were obtained. This pattern
was fitted to the pattern boards of the
molding machine, as shown in Figs. 7
and 8. Fig. 7 shows the plain side of
the pattern, while Fig. 8 shows the side
with the projecting drip pan. This pan
was the cause of some apprehension
when the job was first tackled, but some
little thought on the problem resulted
in making the pan loose, as originally
molded, which made it necessary to
draw it by hand after the main part at-
tached to the board had been drawn off.
By this method it was possible to use a
machine of smaller range and worked out
successfully in practice. A, which is
the main core, was supported in the mold
on chaplets, at the bottom, as shown in
Fig. 9. The core B in the pan is wired
to the flask to hold it in position.

This job taxed the machine to its full
capacity and the pattern could not be
drawn wholly from the sand by the
straight-line action of the machine, but
recourse had to be made to the rolling
over action as well in drawing the pat-

Fig. 7 — Cope Pattern Board.

tern. As the rolling over occurs at a
fairly good radius from the pivot, and
the pivot is so located on the machines
used that the rolling over is practically
equivalent to a straight draw for a
couple of inches or so. By taking this
into consideration a good job was event-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

61

ually made of an otherwise- difficult one.
The castings resulting — after the usual
amount of experimenting — were of the
highest order and were beauties com-
pared to the hand molded product.

These two examples are only averages
in the great variety that can be handled
on the molding machine of the roll over
type.

Many foundry masters look upon the
molding machine only as a means of sub-

TT~ NJ

Fig. 8.— Nowel Pattern Board for Leg.

stituting cheap for skilled labor. Such
a view of the matter is obviously short-
sighted, for while cheap labor can be
employed to a greater extent in connec-
tion with machine molding it cannot re-
place skilled labor exclusively. On the
other hand the molder is liable also to
look upon the matter short-sightedly,
and to regard it as a means that will
eventually deprive him of a job. Such is
not the case. That a molder skilled in
making the molds in the ordinary way
by hand, can prove a success on the ma-
chine is only an impossibility to those
that regard the advent of labor saving
machinery in the old fashioned narrow
manner.

The examples shown above were all
handled by unskilled hands, that is, by
laborers, who after a few weeks train-

Fig. 9.— Setup ol Mold for Cabinet Leg.

ing in the use of the tamper or rammer
were turning out very creditable work.
Their introduction into the foundry of
this particular shop was forced upon the
management, as even the use of the ma-
chines themselves was by trouble with
the molders. Their introduction was a
revelation in the possible reduction of

cost and time in the production of high
grade castings. To be sure, there was a
great deal of loss from bad molding and
the percentage was larger than seemed
necessary, but after things settled down,
and the excitement of breaking in a new
crew and the rush from the call for cast-
ings from the machine shop was eased up
— for all this occurred during the great
business boom of two years ago — the
percentage of bad castings was gradual-
ly reduced so that the foundry could
show, not only a great saving in both
time and labor cost, but a comparative-
ly large order for castings could be tam-
ed out in a short time. In fact the
foundry — as business became nearer
normal — was soon running ahead.

What results could be obtained from
the combination of the molder 's skill and
the good points of the machine can only
be surmised, but, it is evident that they
m ust be combined in this line in the very
near future.

UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN
FOUNDRIES.

A census of the foundry industry of
the United States and Canada made by
The Foundry shows a total of 6,594
foundries on April 1, 1910, against 6,366
in 1908, a net increase of 228. A similar
census in 1906 showed 6,108, so that the
net increase in four years is 486. In
compiling the figures each plant was re-
garded as a nnit, though there might be
several departments. Counting each
foundry department as a unit— there be-
ing many cases where gray iron and brass
foundries are operated by one company,
sometimes with a connected malleable or
steel foundry— the total for the United
States and Canada is 9,158. The total
number of foundries producing gray
iron castings is 5,157, as compared with
5/105 in 1908 and 4,956 in 1906. The
plants melting non-ferrous metals ex-
clusively, including brass, bronze, alumi-
num, etc., number 1,240, against 1096 in
1908, an increase of 144. Brass foun-
dries operated as departments of works
number 2,318, making the total number
of brass foundry operations 3,558. The
number of foundries making castings in-
to which aluminum enters is found to be
1,679. The increase in malleable and
steel foundries is noteworthy. The total
number of malleable castings plants is
now 178, of which 168 are in the United
States. The total for the United States
and Canada in 1908 was 153. ■ The num-
ber of steel foundries is 265, against 211
two years ago. '

to tho Machcan newspapers recently,
saying' that they were amongst the
brightest publications of the kind that
came to his desk.

"I am a great believer in trade and
technical newspapers," said Mr. Brown.
"Previous to my coming to Canada, I
was manager of a largo mercantile
house in the United States. Wo sub-
scribed to some 35 of the best trade
newspapers of America. I read them
religiously myself and I had a system
whereby the whole staff did tho samo, a
regular circulating library. Each em-
ploye was expected to read and initial
each paper in turn. If I found a mem-
ber of the staff neglecting this duty he
was called into my office and remon-
strated with. I considered those who
icad these newspapers made the best
men and I wanted my staff to get all
the education they could out of them.
The best talent in the country contri-
bute to pood technical and trade news-
papers and time is well spent in read-
ing articles calculated to sharpen a
man's instincts and keep him posted."

HAD TO READ MACLEAN PAPERS.

J. E. Brown, manager of the whole

sale department of Revilhm Hros., L'td.,

Edmonton, Alberta, paid a compliment

Machines last longer in one manager's
factory cared for by two men who were
responsible for repairs.

The color of the order card in one
brass foundry indicates the grade of
metal to be used in casting small parts.

A master molding machine is kept as
sample in the pattern room of one fu,e-
tory, and all repairs on the molding ma-
chines are made in accordance with it.

'Factory forms in one plant are padded
at the printers. This saves much waste.
By buying large quantities the extra cost
of padding is negligible.

The manager of a plant consisting of
several mills, has the superintendent of
one plant visit the other. This man
makes a report of what he sees that in
his opinion might he changed to advan-
tage. And the manager gets the advan-
tage of a fresh point of view on I In-
work.

A new factory telephone system, made
Up of nine telephones, installed at a
total cost of two hundred and seventy-
nine dollars, in a three-storey factory,
during the first year saved; enough time
in the different departments to rcpa.-
ihe company for installing the instru- •
meiits.

A very successful laoquer and one
easily prepared for covering brass- is
made by dissolving 174 ounces of good
brown shellac in one gallon of the b
95 degTee alcohol, wood alcohol will
not do. The brass should bo clean, dry
and heated, when the lacquer is applied.
The brass should not. be so hot the
lacquer will run off it. Tho lacquer
should be cold and 3 or 4 coats applied
with soft brush. — Factory.

The Large Foundry of the Aluminum Castings Co., Detroit.

Features of the World's Largest Aluminum Foundry

Layout is Arranged on the Unit System, there being Ten Units, Five of which
are in Operation, Large Windows, Electric Cranes, Molding Machines, etc.

The automobile industry is* responsi-
ble, to a great extent, for rapid develop-
ments in machine tools and foundry
equipments.

Detroit is rapidly forging ahead as a
leading foundry centre. It is now a
great automobile centre. To keep pace
with the growing automobile trade the
Aluminum Castings Co., Detroit, have
under erection the largest aluminum
foundry in the world.

The foundry consists of ten units, five
of which are now in service, and con-
tains many valuable modern features.
The layout of the foundry is unique, in
that it is arranged on the unit system,
each unit being practically a detached
foundry, provided with its own core
room and melting departments.

The entire plant is in charge of a
superintendent, to whom the foremen
of the various units are responsible.
This system permits the classification
of work, the light and heavy, large and
small castings being each made in se-
parate units. By this division of work
the men become more efficient, and
operation costs are curtailed.

During periods of limited demand the
unit plan of operation permits the
shutting down of any number of de-
partments, thereby eliminating a large
portion of the expense entailed in oper-
ating a large foundry on a limited out-
put.

The entire plant, ten units, is 600x
264 feet, and each unit is 60 feet wide.
The melting furnaces are located in
two lean-tos, 20 feet wide and 8t> feet
long, which are divided from each unit
by a brick wall, making each melting
department approximately 40 feet long.
Extending through the centre of each

foundry is an industrial track which
leads to a wide passageway running the
length of the plant, and at right angles
to the foundries and the core depart-
ments. A narrow gage track is laid
through the centre of this passage,
which communicates with the tracks in
each of the units. This industrial rail-
way system affords excellent transpor-
tation facilities throughout the plant,
and is used for delivering sand, flasks
and patterns to the various foundries,
and for the shipment of the castings
from these units to the cleaning depart-
ment. The passage way also serves to
separate the core rooms from the foun-
dry units.

Grinding and Shipping Department. —
The grinding and shipping departments
are located in unit No. 1, and in the
core room end are the pattern and ma-
chine shops.

The chipping is all done on one side
of the shop, the pneumatic shippers
taking their air from an overhead line
extending the length of the building.
On the opposite side is a band saw.

For cutting off gates, two motor-
driven grinders are provided.

The castings, after the removal of the
cores, are delivered to the department
on cars operating over the industrial
track system previously described.

Aluminum will be cast in the ten
units, and in the additional sections to
be added later the three Detroit brass
foundries operated by the company will
finally be consolidated.

The sand-preparing plant for the en-
tire foundry is located in a basement
extending partially under unit No. 1,
the mixing machinery being located in

the basement underneath the pattern
shop. A chute, covered with a grating,
leads from the chipping department to
the sand-preparing plant, and castings
reaching the shipping department with-
out the cores removed will be shaken
out over the grating. The sand receiv-
ing track parallels the core room side
of the foundry and the sand is unloaded
from cars into chutes leading into the
basement.

Core Department.— The core ovens are
oil-fired and the fuel cost averages only
from 7 to 10 cents per night for each
oven. The white appearance of the
cores is due to the core wash used,
with which all of the cores are spray-
ed in place of coating them with plum-
bago. This gives the cored surface of
the castings a very smooth finish, which
is essential.

Melting Department.— The melting
departments for each foundry are locat-
ed in lean-tos on the end of the plant,
opposite the core room. They are
equipped with oil-fired, aluminum melt-
ing furnaces, and in addition, crucible
melting furnaces are installed in each.

The air is delivered to the furnaces
from an over-head main from the blow-
er plant. The aluminum furnaces are
simple in construction, being made of
steel plate lined with fire brick. The
cover handles are pivoted in the centre,
which permits the covers to be swung
aside when ladling out the metal or
charging. Each melting unit is pro-
vided with a metal storage locker, en-
tirely enclosed with heavy wire nett-
ing, to which the melter only has ac-
cess. This arrangement permits of
killing an accurate record of the metal
used in each foundry unit.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

OTTAWA.— The Department of Agriculture have
awarded the contract for the building of a
quarantine steamer for the Immigration Depart-
ment to the Kingston Shipbuilding Co. The
steamer will be located at Grosse Island and
will cost $60,000.

WINNIPEG.— The National Transcontinental
Railway Commission have awarded a number of
important contracts for the workshops here.
The Morgan Engineering Co., of Alliance. Ohio,
secures the contract for one 140 ton electric
traveling crane ; Mussens. Ltd., Montreal, were
awarded contracts for eleven electric (Froth)
cranes ; George Anderson & Co., Montreal, one
five ton grey iron foundry crane, five bund
power traveling cranes and 15 (Gib.) crnncs.
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.. Harvey, 111.,
20 (Gib) cranes and twenty foundry equipment
cranes.

QUEBEC— The Carnac-Marquis Glue Co., of
this city, are making some important cl anges
in their already well equipped factory. They are
located at St. Malo and have decided to intro-
duce electricity for their whole establishment,
that is for operating purposes. The power v ill
be supplied by the Quebec Railway Light &
Power Co.. and the machines by the Canadian
Westinghouse Co.

ST LAMBERT. QUE.— The Monarch Electric
Co. will build a manufacturing plant here pro-
viding the town council will grant exemption
from taxes and also free water for twenty-one
years.

WINDSOR.— The promoters of the Windsor
steam laundry have abandoned their original
plans and instead will start a shirt factory.
The company will erect a $40,000 plant here. Be-
tween 25 and 50 persons will be employed.

NEW TORONTO.-The Dominion Abrasive Co..
being a combination of Canadian and American
interests. have purchased two acres here on
which is a solid brick factory from F. H. Ross
& Co. They are manufacturing emery wheels.

ST. JOHN.— The Board of Trade Council, at a
meeting held last month, discussed the applica-
tion of James Pender, to the City Council for a
fixed rate of taxation for his nail manufacturing
plant for the next ten years, and heartily en-
dorsed the idea. The treasury board of the
council is to meet this week to consider the re-
quest, and it is generally believed that it will
be granted. Mr. Pender in speaking of his plans.
■said that if the city will grant his request, he
will double the capacity of his present factory.
This would involve an initial expenditure of
about $50,000 or $75,000, and would necessitate
the employment of a large number of additional
hands. He has definitely decided that he will
not go west, as he had expected, but will stay
in St. John, and devote all his energies to the
promotion of trade with the Canadian West, and
the far away portions of the empire.

ST. JOHN.— The contract for the erection of
the new building for the New Brunswick Tele-
Phone Co.. has been awarded to B. Mooney &
Sons, of this city. The contract price is about
$22,000, and the building is to be ready March 1.
ST. C'OHN.-Stanley E. Elkin. of the Maritime
Nail Works, is one of those applying for incor-
poration as the Motor Car and Equipment Co.
with a capital stock of $24,000. They have begun'
the building of a garage, on PrinceBS Street, and
will carry on a general automobile business.

ST. LAMBERT, QUE.-The Parker Foundry

Co. have purchased a largo tract of land here

and will erect a new foundry in the near future.

PARNHAM, QUE.-The Dominion Vault and

Safe Co., will locate here, and will employ from
100 to 400 men.

VANCOUVER.— The machinists of this city
went out on strike on July 5, to enforce their
demands for an eight-hour day and a minimum
wago of 45 cents an hour. Their demand iB in
line with those of other coast cities, and some
600 machinists are affected between here and
San Francisco, where the conditions demanded
here exist. About 140 men are out in Vancouver,
and the shops affected are the Mainland Iron
Works. B.C. Marine Railways. Vancouver En-
gineering Works. Ross & Howard. Letson &
Burpee, Terminal Iron Works, Pacific Ironworks.
At New Westminster the men at the Schaake
Machine Works are out, to the number of 45. and
their action affects about a hundred men in the
works, part of the plant being shut down. They
demand a reduction of working hours from 50
hours to 48 hours per week, starting at 7.30
a.m. and working until 5 o'clock, with an hour
for lunch, for five days, and working from 7.30
o'clock to 1 o'clock on Saturday.

KAMLOOPS, B.C.-The contract for the new
C.P.R. machine shop and roundhouse here has
been awarded to McDermott and Co., Winnipeg.
C.P.R. supply the steel. Estimated cost, $250.-

FORT WILLIAM.-Contracts for the erection of
Grand Trunk Pacific roundhouse and machine
shops on the Mission have been awarded to the
Carter. Halls, Aldinger Co., to cost, $100,000.

Robert Hobson, general manager of the Steel
Company of Canada is authority for the states
ment that a majority of the stock of the Domi-
nion Wire Mfg. Co.. Montreal, had been acquired
by the merger.

TORONTO.-Jules Motor Car Co., has been in-
corporated and will manufacture automobiles in
Toronto.

WINNIPEG.-The Petrie Mfg. Co. will build a ■
warehouse here to cost $22,000.

MONTREAL.-The Universal Engineering and
Mfg. Co., have been authorized by the Dominion
Government to change their name to that of the
"Universal Vacuum Cleaner Co."

TORONTO.-The Mason & Risch Piano Co. will
build a six-storey building in this city.

TORONTO.-The Rice, Knight Co.. Toronto,
manufacturers of gasoline lighting systems, had
a small loss by smoke and fire. It was covered
by insurance.

OTTAWA.-^The Laurentian Mica Company's
premises on Bridge Street were gutted by fire
on June 16. The loss is estimated at $9,000,
covered by insurance. About 175 girls are tem-
porarily thrown out of employment.

HAMILTON.-The Canadian Shovel & Tool
Co. announce that they will increase the size of
their plant and install new machinerv. enabling
the output to be doubled.

VANCOUVER.-Thc Sullivan Fireproof Walls
and Partition Co., of Canada, have established
a factory here for the manufacture of gypsum
and coke breeze fireproof bricks

SASKATOON.-The Canadian Agricultural
Motors Co., an institution which has been oper-
ating in Australia for the last few years, will
erect a factory for the manufacture of gasoline,
engines and other motors which can be used in
agricultural pursuits in this city.

Municipal Enterprises

BARNABY. B. C.-The Brouse-Mitchell Co..
Vancouver, have secured the contract for the
construction of waterworks here.

HULL.-Carriere & Wilson have been awarded
the contract for the construction of the new
sewer on Champlain Ave., for $2,850. '

OAKVILLE.-The town council will have T
A. Murray prepare plans for the sewerage dis-
posal.

TOFIELD.— The by-law to spend $4,000 on pre-
liminary work for waterworks was carried.

ESTEVAN.— Sealed tenders will be received by
L. A. Duncan, secretary-treasurer, until 8 p.m
on Wednesday. August 24th, 1910. for the follow-
ing works :-Contract "A"-Pipe-laying on storm
sewers ; contract "B"-Power house : contract
H— Two return tubular boilers; contract
J —High-speed steam engine ; contract "K"—
Electric lighting system ; contract "S"-Scwer
Pipes. Plans and specifications may be seen at
the office of the engineers. Chapman & Power.
Winnipeg and Toronto, and at the town hall
Estevan.

BERLIN.-Tenders will be received by the un-
dersigned up to August 1st. next, for a Com-
pound Duplex Pumping Engine, capable of pump-

a"Lr ri£°n imPePial gall0ns Per d*y- ^inst
a head of 125 pounds per square inch. A second,
hand pump will also be considered. For further
information apply to H. Hymmen. Superintend-
ent Berlin Waterworks.

WINDSOR.-It has been decided to purchase
electric power from Niagara. The 110,000-volt

h? ,™ , ' °ntari0> wiU be extend"d over
the 108 miles separating Windsor from this city
rhe expense of building the line to the city
Umita will be paid for by the Ontario govern-
ment. Windsor, which is a small town. Tannot
trltT! u 2M" horseP°w<". but it has con-
trol i,VeU & ^ Share to the c"y °t De-
troit, which is directly across the river. The
power used in Detroit will thus be conducted
over a distance of 220. miles from the point
where it is generated.

WINNIPEG.-Sealed tenders on prescribed

• ^tfl'^r t0 ^ Chai''man <* "™«
of Control, Winnipeg, Canada, and marked on

he envelope "City of Winnipeg Electrical Dis-
tribution System. Tender for Cable," will be re-
ceived at the office of the undersigned up to
noon on Thursday. September 1st, 1910 for the
manufacture, delivery and installation 40 00
eet of thirteen thousand volt, three-core cable
Copies of the specifications and forms of tender
may be obtained at the Power Engineer's Office
Carnegie Library Building. Winnipeg. The
specifications may also be examined at the offi
o Messrs. Smith, Kerry and Chace. Confeder-

secretary!6 ^^ ^^ «"- »" *•"£

WINNIPEG'.-The contract for supply of sewer

r ,jteoaw FuncLt::nsw,or this city has ^ a=

V™ Lee' Winnipeg, for $20,120 25

STEWART. B. C.-The Dominion government
has granted $20,000 towards the instafation o a
sewerage system here.

STETTLER. ALTA.-The John Gait Engineer-
ing Co. have charge of the installation of the
waterworks system here.

ST. BONIFACE. MAN.-A new waterworks
system will be installed shortly at this plaT

CHAUDIERE CURVE. QUE.-A. Leofred. C.E
has closed a contract with the town council at
his place for a waterworks plant to cost when
completed, $250,000.

STRATIICONA, ALTA.-The contract for the
sewer and water extensions at this place was
awarded to Hulbert & Wilson at $13 847 95

VANCOUVER.-Macdougall & Co., of this city
t ?Ve * «" nawarded a contract for the construc-
tion of $50,000 warth of sewers at Nanaimo. B C

LADYSMITH. B.C.-The town council have
passed a by-law to raise $25,000 to improve the
waterworks system.

64

CANADIAN MACHINERY

FERNIE, B. C— J. J. Wood was awarded the
contract for the construction of storm sewers
at this place.

MONTREAL.— The Structural Steel Co.. of
this city, have been awarded the contract for the
construction of an 80,000-gallon stand pipe for
the municipality of Longueuil.

TORONTO.— The Board of Control have
awarded the contract for the pipe for the 500-
foot extension of the waterworks intake pipe to
the Canada Foundry Co. The details of tender
are : 72-inch steel riveted pipe, per foot— 500-
foot lot. $19.98 : 1.000-foot lot, ?19.22. 1,500-foot
lot. $19.00 : branch for present intake. $709 ; new
intake branch, $1,481 ; 3-steel flexible joints, each
$1,072.

VANCOUVER.— The waterworks branch of the
Civic Works Department, is this year laying
100.000 feet of 6-inch pipe, 45,000 feet of 12-inch.
20.000 feet of 20-inch and 18,000 feet of 16-inch.

ST. JOHN.— The city council have awarded the
contract for supplying 314 tons of cast iron
pipe to the Stavcly Coal & Iron Co.. Chester-
field, Derbyshire. Eng. Their bid was as follows:
12 inch pipe. $27.15 : 10 inch. $27.30 ; 8 inch,
$28.10 ; 6 inch, $28.60. Others tenderers were :
Cambden Iron Works. Singleton. Dunn & Co..
Watson Jack & Co., D. Y. Stewart & Co., Stan-
ton Iron Works. United States Cast Iron Pipe
& Foundry Co.. Vroom & Arnold, T. McAvity &
Sons and W. H. Thome & Co.

PRINCE RUPERT.— S. P. McKord & Co., Vic-
toria, have received a $15,916 sewer construction
contract for this city.

Electrical Notes.

ST. CATHARINES.— By-laws, giving the Buf-
lalo, Niagara and Toronto Railway Co. and the
Ontario Power Co. rights over city streets, were
voted upon on July 29.

GRAND FALLS, N. B— It is announced that
arrangements have been completed between the
Grand Falls Power Co. and Sir Wm. Van Home
and other owners of property by which the lat-
ter will take over the old company and develop
power at the falls.

PRINCE ALBERT. SASK.— Goldie & McCul-
loch, of Gait, Ontario, obtained the contract for
boilers for the electric light works here.

YORKTON, SASK.— The town council passed a
resolution authorizing the preparation of a by-
law to expend $35,000 on a municipal electric
light plant.

LONDON. — The Water Commissioners awarded
the contract to the London Foundry Co. for 76
ornamental electric light poles at $29 each. The
Northern Electric Co., of Toronto, were given
the contract for line hardware, amounting to
$1,700.

STRATHCONA— A by-law to provide for rais-
ing $10,000 for extension of the city's electric
light and power system has been submitted to
the ratepayers.

WELLAND— The by-law to grant franchise to
electric railway through the town was carried.

SEAFORD, ONT.— The town council has de-
cided to submit a by-law to the people for the
purpose of purchasing 400 horsepower electric
current from the hydro-electric commission.

MOOSE JAW.— The by-law to expend $35,000
on extension of lighting system, was carried.

STETTLER. ALTA.— This municipality is to
install an electric light plant of which, it is
stated, the John Gait Engineering Co. have
charge.

INGERSOLL — Mr. Ross, of the firm of Ross
and Holgate, Montreal, has been engaged to pre-
pare plans, get tenders, and generally supervise
the recently-acquired plant of the Ingersoll Elec-
tric Power and Light Co.

WINNIPEG. — A power sub-station will be erect-
ed by this city, to cost $11,400.

OTTAWA.— F. D. Monk. M.P., chairman of the
Water Powers Committee of the Commission on
Conservation, was here last month conferring

with Hon. Clifford Sifton. Tne committee is
making a complete inventory of all the water
powers of the Dominion and they will be clas-
sified into public and private powers, developed
and undeveloped. A grant for the purpose was
made at the last session of Parliament, and it
is expected that the information will be very
valuable, not only to the Conservation Commis-
sion, but also as affording correct statement of
the total potentiality of such resources.

PORT HOPE— J. A. Culverwell, of this city,
managing director of the Central Ontario Power
Co., owners of Burleigh Falls and Buckhorn
Falls, located just north of Pcterboro, states
that these properties are not for sale, and that
his company has not joined the power merger.

COBALT.— The Mines Power Co. have taken a
lease of Wawaitan Falls on the Mattagami river,
near the Porcupine gold camp. This power is
said to be one of the beet in the north country.

GALT. — The contracts for the Hydro-Electric
distributing station have been let to the Pack-
ard Electric Co. and the Canadian General Elec-
tric Co. for $9,194.

INGERSOLL— W. R. Reynolds, of St. Marys,
who has been manager of the electric plant and
waterworks of that town for over three years
has been appointed manager of the Ingersoll elec-
tric light plant.

TORONTO.— The officers of the Toronto Elec-
tric Light Company announce that thoy are
about to open an aggressive campaign looking
towards the further doing away with the poles
on the city streets. The work of making the
change will commence at once in the business
districts and will spread through the city as
fast as the company can arrange for the work.

BROCKVILLE.-The Brockville Light and
Power Department will erect a new power house
adjoining the waterworks pumping station for
the purpose of combining the plants.

New Companies.

The Universal Gas Co., Toronto ; capital $5.-
000.000 ; to carry on business as mechanical en-
gineers, gas engineers and manufacturers of ma-
chinery, to manufacture and supply gas for
power, light and heat. Incorporators, G. A.
Bronder, New York, W. H. Pearson, A. J. Jack-
son, Toronto.

The Montreal Shirt and Overall Co.. Mont-
real ; capital, $150,000 ; to manufacture men's
boys' and ladies' garments. Incorporators, S.
W. Jacobs, A. R. Hall, I. Ballon, Montreal.

The National Button Co., Montreal ; capital,
$99,000 ; to manufacture and deal in all kinds of
buttons. Incorporators, F. E. Oilman. A. W.
Powell, T. C. Haynes, Montreal.

Algoma Iron Works, Sault Stc. Marie : capi-
tal, $500,000 ; to manufacture and deal in iron,
nickel, steel or any other ore products of the
mine also to manufacture coke and charcoal.
Incorporators, J. F. Taylor, T. Gibson, H. P.
Barnett, Toronto.

The Universal Metals and Aluminum Solder
Co., Quebec ; capital. $100,000 ; to manufacture
and deal in solder for all metals including alum-
inum, and also to manufacture all kinds of me-
tals. Incorporators, H. Dussault. J. E. Dussault,
Levis, Que., and O. Turgeon, Quebec.

The Dominion Stamping Co., Walkerville ;
capital, $100,000 ; to manufacture and deal in
stamped goods of all kinds, automobile parts,
stove parts and sheet metal work. Incorporators
G. S. French, F. J. Armstrong, P. B. Lugster,
Detroit.

The George H. King Co., Woodstock ; capital,
$25,000 : to purchase the business and factory
owned by George H. King, to manufacture and
deal in all kinds of vacuum carpet cleaners and
sweepers. Incorporators, G. H. King, R. C.
Campbell, J. C. Campbell, Woodstock.

The Mechanical Equipment Co., Mantreal :
capital, $50,000 ; to carry on the business of iron
founders, mechanical engineers and manufacturers
of all kinds of machinery, tool makers, press
founders, metal workers, boiler makers and ma-

chinists. Incorporators, S. Davis, J. Prcsncr
and J. Franklin, Montreal.

Canada Machinery Corporation, Toronto ;
capital, $3,000,000 ; to carry on the business of
manufacturers of iron and machinery iron found-
ers, tool makers, brass founders and metal
workers. Incorporators, H. Riley. E. G. Mc-
Millan and W. H. Walter, Toronto.

Planing Mill News.

WINNIPEG.— The tender of T. D. Robinson &
Sons for the supply of 1,000,000 feet. B.M. lum-
ber, at $25,143.75, was accepted by the city
council.

SPANISH RIVER, ONT.— The saw mill of
Wm. Milne & Sons, was destroyed by fire. Es-
timated loss, $40,000.

DURHAM, QUE.— One of the largest timber
deals in the eastern townships of Quebec has
been effected by the Brompton Pulp and Paper
Co. acquiring the limits and sawmills of tne
Champoux Company, doing business in the Que-
bec Central district. The limits cover an area
of 18.000 acres and $200,000 has been paid down.

OWEN SOUND— J. S. Findlay has advertised
his planing mill for sale.

BENTINCK, ONT— Edward Cawlcy, sawmill
owner, has assigned to Henry Hunt.

Railway Development.

OTTAWA.— Construction on the new railway
from Ottawa to Brockville will be begun tl is
fall.

TORONTO.— A charter has been granted to a
company, represented by J. B. Bartram, To-
ronto : Thos. B. Fogg, Toledo, Ohio, railway
manager ; G. H. Raw, and S. Hirsch, London,
Eng. They will proceed shortly from Ds.it-
mouth to Guysboro and from New Glasgow to
Country Harbor.

WINNIPEG.— The C.N.R. have let the. -ontrict
for the construction of sixty miles of raihvay,
between New Westminster and Chilliwack, B.C..
to the Northern Construction Co., of '.Ms city.
VANCOUVER.— The contract for the construc-
tion of the first section of the Kettle River
Valley Railway, the road which will link Van-
couver with the Kootenays, was awarded to the
engineering firm of Macdonald, Gzowski & Co.,
of this city.

PHOENIX.— The Canadian Pacific Railway be-
tween here and Eholt, B.C., is now the scene of
great activity, the grading and laying of new
track having been commenced in earnest. Over
one hunhred men are employed. The entire ten
miles of track is being raised from eight to ten
inches, the material for grading and ballasting
being brought from a gravel pit, one mile west
of Eholt on the Greenwood road. The old steel
is being replaced by new 80-pound rails and the
new work is expected to cost upwards of $20,000.
HALIFAX. — A contract between the Nova Sco-
tia Government and the Halifax and Eastern
Railway Co. was signed recently for the building
of 204 miles of railroad from Halifax to Guys-
boro. with a branch across the province from
New Glasgow to Country Harbor, on the Atlantic
seaboard. The enterprise has been promoted by
J. B. Bartram, of Toronto, and the company is
composed chiefly of London capitalists. The road
will be completed within three years. It has
subsidies from the provincial and Dominion
governments of $12,800 a mile.

EDMONTON.— The contract for the construction'
of the main line of the Canadian Northern Rail-
way from here to the Yellowhead Pass has been
awarded to McMillan Bros.

DUNCAN, B. C— A branch from here to Cow-
ichan lake will be erected by the E. & N. Rail-
road, to connect the $750,000 lumber mill, which
is to be erected on tidewater.

OTTAWA. — The Dominion government has de-
cided to go ahead with the construction of the
Hudson Bay railway. At the recent session an
appropriation of $300,000 for construction pur-
poses went through, and since then the plans
and specifications have been in preparation for
the section of the line on which surveys were
completed. Tenders are to be called for at once-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

HAMILTON.— The Toronto. Niagara and West-
ern Ry. Co. have filed with the Hamilton city
clerk a revised plan of a proposed route between
Burlington and Hamilton. The new plan shows
the road being built on the north shore ol the
bay, close to the water's edge. Instead of fol-
lowing the shore line at the end of the bay, the
Government proposes to make a short cut by
building a bridge half a mile long and tunnelling
under the G.T.K. tracks.

BERNE, SWITZERLAND.— The International
Railway Congress, after adopting the conclusion
of the several sections as reported in the federal
body, adjourned on July 16. to reassamblc at
Berlin in 1915.

Structural Steel.

QUEBEC. — The Phoenix Bridge Co. have ap-
pealed to the Court of King's Bench, here, from
the verdict recently rendered by a jury by which
they were condemned to pay a victim of the
Uuebec bridge accident named Haley $20,000.

TORONTO.— The Canada Foundry Co. have
been awarded the contract for the superstructure
ol the bridge over the Saskatchewan River, for
the Canadian Northern Railway.

STRATHCONA, ALTA.— A by-law to provide
for the raising of $38,000 for construction of
bridge over Mill Creek ravine was submitted to
the ratepayers on July 20.

HAMILTON.— Shareholders of the Hamilton
Steel & Iron Co. at the annual meeting on
July 0, almost unanimously ratified the terms
of sale to the Canadian Steel Corporation. A.
B. Mackay was the only dissenter, and he re-
frained from voting because he said he wanted
more information. The old board was re-elected
as follows, to serve until the merger takes over
the company : C. H. Wilcox, president :
Robert Hobson, vice-president and gen-
eral manager : Geo. S. Lynch-Staunton. William
Southam, 0. E. Doolittle, E. B. Osier, W. D.
Matthews, John Milne and H. H. Champ, direc-
tors.

TORONTO. — The contract for the superstructure
of the bridge over tho Saskatchewan river at
La Pas. in connection with the Hudson Bay
Railway has been awarded to the Canada
Foundry Co. of this city.

EDMONTON.— The tenders for the west end
bridge were as follows : The Algoma Steel Co.,
f.o.b., Edmonton, $22,800. The company promise
shipment of steel in three or four months. The
Dickson Bridge Works Co.. $29,960. Walker and
Barnes' tender in behalf of the Canadian Bridge
Co-, was : Strcl delivered at site, $24,588. erected
ready for planking and paving, $30,000. Gorman.
Clancey and Grindley tendered for the Dominion
Bridge Co.. f.o.b. site. $24,650 ; erected. $29,240.
EDMONTON.— Tenders are called for the Can-
adian Pacific Railway for the high level bridge
between here and Strathcona, estimated cost
$2,500,000.

Building Operations.

SOUTH VANCOUVER.— The plans and designs
of three new schools for this city submitted by
J. II. Bowman, architect, were accepted. The
cott of the three new schools totals about
$120,000.

WOODSTOCK.— The ratepayers here will be
asked to vote on an $85,000 city hall by-law.

PORT WILLIAM.— The Bank of Commerce will
build a new office building here to cost $60,000.

MONTREAL— The old post-office on St. James
St.. will be rc-modellod to the extent of $80,000.

VANCOUVER.— ('. T. perry has prepared plans
for St. James Church. Estimated cost. $100,000.

VICTORIA.— A $125,000 addition will be made
to the Empress Hotel here.

WATROUS, SASK.— Adam Reid. of this place,
was awarded the contrast for the erection of
the Manitou Lake Sanatorium, at $50,000.

EDMONTON'.— The contract for the new hospi-
tal building hen has been awarded to the Oon-
nell-Spencer Construction Co., at $170,000.

EDMONTON.— It is stated that J. H. Rudy is
preparing plans for a new theatre which will
cost about $70,000.

TORONTO.— An addition will be made to the
Victoria University, here. The new building will
be known as the Burwash residence, and will
cost $230,000.

WINNIPEG— J. Johnson will build $40,000
apartment house here.

MONTREAL. — A new building will be erected
by the Notre Dame hospital authorities here.

NEW WESTMINSTER.— A horse show building
will be erected for the Provincial exhibition at
this place.

VANCOUVER.— H. 0. Lee will build a largo
business block here, to cost $100,000.

WINNIPEG.— The board of directors of the
Children's Hospital, hero have purchased the old
Ladies' College site on which they will erect
shortly a new hospital. Cost of site and pro-
posed building, about $80,000.

MONTREAL. — Jos. Venne, architect, is prepar-
ing plans for an extensive ampitheatre to be
erected on Mount Royal, in the interests of the
Eucharist Congress, to be held in this city in
September next.

WINNIPEG. — Leonard Kcnwrick, Winnipeg, is
the architect for the new St. John's Anglican
Cathedral. The nave will be erected first at a
cost of $75,000.

MONTREAL.— Peter Lyall & Sons have been
awarded tho contract to erect on the Seminary
of St. Sulpice property, here, a ten-storey office
building to be, it is said, the largest in Canada
and to cost $1,000,000.

VANCOUVER.— Kelly, Douglas & Co., whole-
sale grocers, of Vancouver, New Westminster and
Prince Rupert, will immediately commence the
construction of a large new warehouse at the
Grand Trunk Pacific terminal. Vancouver.

TORONTO.— The contracts for the central wing
of the Toronto Western Hospital have been
awarded by the Board of Governors. The Ha-
milton Bridge Co. will supply the steel work ;
Douglass Bros., the galvanized iron work, and
A. M. Brown, the painting and glazing. The
steam heating and plumbing has not yet been
let. Cost of wing, $50,000.

General Manufacturing Notes.

CHATHAM. — Negotiations are in progress for
a merger of the four leading natural gas com-
panies now operating in this district, these being

the Volcanic Oil & Gas Co., Leamington Oil &
Gas Co., United Fuel Supply Co., and Northern
Pipe Line Co. English capital is promoting the
merger, which, if completed, will be followed by
a big development of tho resources of the gas
fields, and extensions to London. St. Thomas.
and probably other centres of population till
now untouched.

CHATHAM.— Arrangements arc under way
whereby the Dominion Sugar Co., of Wallace-
burg, will erect at that place n plant for the
manufacture of denatured alcohol as a by-pro-
duet of the sugar beet. The new factory, it is
stated, will duplicate the present sugar factory
and employ as many hands.

CHATHAM.— The Empire Oil Refinery, at Wal-
laceburg, is adding two new stills to its equip-
ment. A plant for the manufacture of wax
goods of all kinds is also being erected and
equipped.

KINGSTON.— N. C. Poison & Co. will build
an extension to their building here.

CALEDONIA.— The Alabastine Co. are erecting
a $50,000 plaster plant at the Caledonia gypsum
mines.

TORONTO— The Pure Gold Mfg. Co. are erect-
ing a warehouse here, to cost $20,000.

VANCOUVER.— T. C. Prior & Co. will build a
$22,000 warehouse here.

WINNIPEG.— The Sawyer-Massey Co., are
erecting a new warehouse.

CALGARY— Mr. Watson, ox-alderman of Cal-
gary, states that in a few months work on a
steel plant and rolling mill will be started here.
TORONTO.— The Massey-Harris Co., will build
an addition to cost $7,500.

OTTAWA.— The Beaver Co., of Buffalo, will
build a Canadian branch factory here.

TORONTO.— J. L. Nichols Co. will erect a
$20,000 factory here.

LACHINE, QUE.— The Canadian Railway Sig-
nal Co. are erecting $100,000 plant at this place.
STRATHROY.— The Strathroy Furniture Co..
and Strathroy Canning Factory will both en-
large and make additions to their plants here.
MOOSE JAW.— The Gordon, Ironsides & Fares
Co., meat packers, will locate their western
plant here. They will commence work on the
construction of their buildings in the near future.
GUELPH. — R. Gracsser. a manufacturing
' chemist, who has large chemical works in the
North of Wales, will establish a chemical works
at Guelph.

Canadian National Exhibition

TORONTO
AUGUST 27th to SEPTEMBER 12th, 1910

Improved Grounds, New Buildings, International Live Stock Show,
Exhibits by all the Provinces, Magnificent Art Loan Exhibit.

BY PERMISSION OF HIS MAJESTY

BAND OF THE GRENADIER GUARDS

KING GEORGE'S HOUSEHOI D BAND

400

MUSICIANS

Model Military Camp

Tattoo every night.

Everything new in attractions.

1,000
PERFORMERS

Wonderful Firework Spectacles.

THE NAVAL REVIEW AT SPITHEAD
BATTLE BETWEEN DREADNOUGHT AND AIRSHIP

WATCH FOR REDUCED RATES AND EXCURSIONS.
For all information write Manager, J. O. ORR, City Hall, Toronto.

66

CANADIAN MACHINERY

nWKN SOUND.— The Canadian Heating &
Ventilating Co., are adding a second storey on
their shipping room, to be used as a storehouse.
Tho addition is 56 feet by 90 feet, giving 5.000
v.iu.ire feet of floor space. The old storehouse,
uhieh has become too small for the company's
rapidly growing business, will be used as a
trimming room.

Trade Notes.

HAMILTON.— The Smart-Turner Machine Co.,
191 Barton St., report the following recent or-
ders for pumps. David Morton & Sons. Co.,
Hamilton : Lincoln Paper Co.. Merriton. Ont. ;
Kirkfie'.d Portland Cement Co.. Raven Lake,
Ont. ; Davies Packing Co.. Harriston. Ont. :
Jas. Snell, Prescott ; Louis A. Petrie. Glace
Bay, C.B. : London Engine Supplies Co.. Lon-
don : Davies. Ltd.. Montreal ; Jas Stark, Pais-
ley ; Canada Chemical Co.. Parry Sound, and
Oananoque Spring & Axle Co.. Gananoque. They
also report sales for traveling cranes as follows :
two to Canadian- American Gas & Gasoline En-
gine Co., Dunnville and one to the C.P.K., To-
ronto.

DETROIT.— Tie Northern Engineering Works,
Detroit, have installed two 5 ton cranes and one
Z' ton, 4 motor GO ft. design crane in the plant
of Bessemer Gas Engine Co.. Grove City, Pa.

Merger of Wheel-makers.

It is reported that another merger is now be-
ing consummated of considerable importance
whereby the manufacturers of wheels will be
amalgamated. The companies going into the
merger are the Ontario Wheel Co.. Gananoque.
the Dominion Wheel Co.. Lindsay. Chaplin
Wheel Co., St. Catharines. Benjamin Wheel Co..
Yarker, the Finlay Wheel Co.. Norwood and
Chaplin Wheel Co., Chatham. At going to press
•t was unable to confirm the report by phone
with St. Catharines, but the belief was express-
ed strongly that the Benjamin Wheel Co. is not
in the consolidation.

Oliver Chilled Plow Works.

The plans of the Oliver Chilled Plow Works
for their new plant at Hamilton, Ont., for which
tenders have been called for. are on a more ex-
tensive scale than was at first contemplated, so
that the total outlay when completed will pro-
bably be $2,000,000, instead of $1,500,000, the
original estimate. The forge shop will be 514 x
100 feet, instead of 420 x 100 feet ; service build-
ing and machine shop, 200 x 10 feet, in place of
100 x 50 feet ; and the size of the concrete dock
has been increased from 500 x 80 to 800 x 100 feet.

Dominion Wire Co. in Merger.

Robert Hobson, general manager of the Steel
Company of Canada, is authority for the state-
ment that a majority of the lock ; the Do-
minion Wire Mfg. Co., Montreal, had >|Cij. ac-
quired by the merger. The Dominion Vie Co.
have a large manufacturing plant at Rockfield,
near Lachinc. Que., valued at $1,000,000. 0! the
authorized issue of $10,000,000 bonds by the
St.<l company. $6,850,000 are being issued, $488.
000 being offered in Canada.

Iron Ore in Northern Ontario.

Considerable interest is taken in the reports
about the iron ore deposits at Grand Rapids.
on the Mattagami River. The Mattagami is a
tributary of the Moose River, the trunk stream

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CANADIAN MACHINERY

67

JOHN J. GARTSHORE

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REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and ROOFS.

The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.

WRITE FOR HAND BOOK AND 8AMPLE8

Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.

Expanded Metal & Fireproofing Co., Limited

100 King Street West. TORONTO

draining the northern part of Algoma district
into James Bay. From Moose Factory, which
stands at the point of the Moose River's dis-
charge into James Bay. the ore deposits are
about 60 miles south. They are about 100
miles north of the National Transcon-
tinental Railway and west of Cochrane on the
Tcmiskaming & Northern Ontario Railway,
which will eventually be extended to James Bay.
The iron ore deposits at Grand Rapids were
not previously unknown. They were discovered
in 1875 by Dr. Robert Bell of the Canadian
Geological Survey, and were again brought to
notice in 1903 as a consequence of explorations
made by a party sent out by the Ontario Bureau
of Minee. The bureau's report for 1904 contains
a description of the deposits, whose contents are
classed as of the limonite variety of ore. The
ore body is very large, and the metallic iron
found in some cases is as much as 60 per cent-,
phosphorus being present to the extent of about
0.08 per cent. Parties who have been up in the
field staking claims this spring bring back very
optimistic accounts of1 the quantity of ore in
sight and the quality of it, and they incline
to the opinion that the ore is brown hematite.
They say that no other known ore body in Can-
ada is to be compared with this one in econ-
omic importance. If the ore is as good and
plentiful as official and private reports agree in
representing it to be, the railway is almost cer-
tain to be pushed on to the place at which it
is located.

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

Five New Mallet Engines.

The big Mallet compound engine recently con-
structed at the Angus shops, to aid in getting
freight trains over the grades of the C.P.R. in
the Far West, is reported to be doing fine work
and it is stated that orders have been given to
construct five similar engines at the Angus shops
also for work in the West.

Will Establish Steel Works.

Mr. W. Owen, C.E., who contested Merthyr
Tydvil, a Welsh borough, against Mr. J. Keir
Ilardie, the Labor leader, at the general elec-
tion of 1900 in Great Britain, was in Vancouver
recently representing a group of British capital-
ists who intend establishing large steel works
in British Columbia for the manufacture of steel
rails, angle bars, wire goods and tin plate.

Mr. Owen was ,«.ent out here to make the pre-
liminary arrangements for the establishment of
the factories mentioned. It is intended to spend
no less than $15,000,000 in the acquisition of
sftes, coal and ore supplies, erection of mills
and installation of plant, which will be the
most scientific and up to date in the world.

While here, Mr. Owen acquired 150 acres of
land for a site and also concluded arrangements
for the acquisition of the necessary coal and
iron ore supply.

Record Car Building.

That the present year will make a new
record in car building In Canada is the
statement of Secretary Skelton, of the Can-
adian Car Works merger, who has just re-
turned from a business visit to Amherst.
N.S. Mr. Skelton said that orders had been
coming in so fast that all the corporation's
plants were scheduled for continuous work
for some months to come, while there was
every indication that more cars would be
built in the Dominion this year than ever
before.

The railroad prosperity, said Mr. Skelton,
had compelled the railroads to give large
orders for rolling stock, in addition to the
large amount they were building for them-
selves, and big orders had been received by
the company from the Canadian Pacific, G.
T. P., Canadian Northern, a'ld Grand Trunk.
The majority of this work was for freight
cars, mostly of the new type of steel under-
frame with wooden superstructure. Many
of the recent orders have been turned over
to the Montreal works, as the shops at Am-
herst are busy turning out orders for the
Canadian Northern.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mtrs. of SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patents Perfected

GEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PARMENTER BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.

Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs
Cifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
hopper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Rscuicheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED

OWEN SOUND, ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kinds, Grey

Iron and Brass Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

^ALL KINDS —

Difficult Core Work a Specially

High Grade • Right Prices • Prompt" Delivery

SAr/SrACTOFtr work gi/aranksd

THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS

.256 CATHERINE STREET NORTH

HAMILTON . ONT

PATTERNS

Patterns and Models All work guaranteed,

of any design. Correspondence Solicited.

JAMES SIBLEY

f

Mechanical Draughtsman and Patternmaker.

156 DUKE STREET, TORONTO

one Main, 5747.

Castings

TOUGH, STRONG, GREY
IRON CASTINGS, EASILY
MACHINED.

Any size up to ten tons

Win. Hamilton Co , Ltd.

PETERBORO, ONT.

68

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BENCH

POWER PRESS

esign

Particularly adapted for small, quick
work, to take place of foot presses.

Write for Prices.

W. H. Banfield & Sons

MACHINISTS. DIE AND TOOL MAKERS

120 Adelaide Street West
TORONTO - - - CANADA

Special Taps

Special Dies

Special Reamers

Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.

Wehavethe equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.

A.B.JARDINE&CO.

HESPELER, ONT.

"GLOBE" TIME RECORDERS

are made in Canada by expert mechanics. They are accurate,
simple in construction, strong, and of good chaste appearance.
They will record with absolute accuracy the arrival and de-
parture of your employees (TO THE MINUTE), making you
pay for what you get and no more. All lates and short time
marked in red, regular time in green. The small cut at the
top illustrates the WEEKLY MODEL, an entirely automatic
recorder requiring no attention whatever during the week'
as all changes, etc., occur automatically (DONE BY CLOCK
WORK). The DAILY MODEL is shown in the cut at the
bottom. This recorder is being used mostly in large shops,
etc., where a large number of hands are employed. With tho
"GLOBE" TIME RE-
CORDERS only one oper-
ation iR required as
against five with most
others.

Inspection may be made
through the glass sides of
the case, but tampering
with records is impossible,
no danger of having
soiled, torn orlost records
when same are unfavor-
able, as is the case with all CARD CLOCKS. Wc are now
manufacturing over 224 DIFFERENT TIME RECORD-
ING CLOCKS, and aro in a position to meet the require-
ments of any business. Write us about your needs and let
us suggest what will best meet with your requirements.
WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRY.

W. A. WOOD, Manufacturer

Head Office and Factory : 40 St. George St., Montreal

Branch Offices :
19 Bleury St., Montreal 65-67 Victoria St., Toronto

CATALOGUES.

FRICTION CLUTCHES.— Catalogue No. 8. of
the Will Clutch Co.. Cleveland, Ohio, is a par-
ticularly well gotten up 54 page booklet, of
very attractive form, devoted to friction
clutches. The friction clutches aro described and
illustrated very fully, the development of the
clutch from its original form being shown and
the changes noted. A tabulated price list,
which shows considerable care in its preparation,
is also given. Reference is made to the special
flange pulley construction used with the clutch.
Uuills for use with their clutches are illustrated
in detail. At the back of the book a depart-
ment called Engineering Notes, contains much
useful information in power transmission, and
every engineer ought to have a copy if for no
other purpose than this alone.

PAPER MACHINES.— Escher Wyss & Co..
Zurich. Switzerland, have issued catalogue No.
124-P, containing a complete list of the users of
their paper machines. In addition, there are
several photos of typical installations.

BEATERS AND EDGE-RUNNERS.— Catalogue
No. 125-P.B. of the Escher Wyss & Co., Zurich.
Switzerland, contains a long list of users of their
beaters and edge runners. Short description of
the machines are given with illustrations. Some
typical instalations are also shown.

REACTIONS— Is the title of the quarterly
house-organ of the Goldschmidt Thermit Com-
pany, 90 West St., New York. As it states, it
is a quarterly periodical devoted to the science
of aluminothermics. The second quarterly num-
ber, this year, contains 14 very instructive ar-
ticles, most of which show the application of
Thermit-welding to various conditions. Numer-
ous photos of the processes are shown, together
with good descriptions, forming very instructive
and interesting reading matter.

MACHINE TOOLS.— George Richards & Co.,
Ltd., Broadhcath, near Manchester, Eng., have
a very convenient and expansible system for
their machine tool catalogue, as it is arranged
in loose-loaf form, each sheet descriptive of a
different form of machine-tool. A large variety
of tools are illustrated, and briefly described.
Among the many are : — Side planers, turbine
planers, radial drills, slot drills, key seaters,
horizontal boring machines, boring and turning
mills, combined turret head boring and turning
machines, high speed universal facing, boriug,
drilling and milling machines, vertical millers,
grinder for piston rods, etc., and band saws, as
well as other minor machines. Quite a variety
of each of these types are illustrated and the
salient features described in brief form. Every
machine shop man ought to have a copy.

GANG SAWS.— Two large leaf bulletins of
Wickes Brothers, Saginaw, Michigan, illustrate
their gangs Nos. 10 and 12, and their self-con-
tained gangs Nos. 15-19 inclusive. Little read-
ing matter is appended, for the cuts of the ma-
chines are made page size and are of particular-
ly good quality, practically self-explanatory.
Other publications are also issued by the com-
pany.

FANS AND MOTORS.— C. A. Vandersvell &
Co., Warple Way. Acton Vale, London, W..
Eng.. have issued leaflets Nos. F 50-57, F 70-72,
F 81-84 descriptive of their C.A.V. fans and mo-
tors, in a neat form, fastened in a detachable
cover. Most of the information is arranged in
tabulated form, and is therefore convenient for
reference purposes. It is gotten up in handy
desk form.

RECORDING INSTRUMENTS— Bulletin No.
150, a handsome 64 page book, is the latest of
the Bristol publications, and forms an illustrated
index of their recording instruments for pressure,
temperature and electricity, and their electric
pyrometer. As the title page states, it is not
a catalogue, but simply a scries of illustrations
of the most important Bristol instruments

CANADIAN MACHINERY

69

with partial explanations of the instruments and
their application. It collects these types in con-
cise form, and more detailed information can be
obtained from their individual bulletins, of
which they have many. An interesting feature
of this bulletin is the history of the company,
giving the development of the recording meter
from its early stages , up to the present ad-
vanced state.

LIFTING MAGNETS.— The Cutler-Hammer
Clutch Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, have a little
eight page folder on their lifting magnets. It
briefly describes their uses and possibilities, and
gives a cross-sectional view, numbering and de-
scribing 18 of the parts. The pamphlet '.& rot
intended as a catalogue, but merely gives a ftw
of the more salient features dealt with at great-
er length in their 48 page Lifting Magnet book-
let.

WIRE ROPES AND FITTINGS FOR M1N.NG.
— W. N. Brunton and Son, Musselburgh, Scot-
land, who makes a specialty of every kind of
wire rope, have issued this 42 page catalogue
which is gotten up for pocket reference use.
Notes are given on the handling and care of
wire ropo and on such things as uncoiling,
lubrication, capping, galvanised ropes, winding
ropes, and haulage on inclines. Reference is
made to a special book on splicing which like
this book may be had on application. Various
convenient tables are given, and also notes on
the "lay" of the wires for best results. Various
special connections, etc., manufactured by them
are also detailed.

ROLLING DRAWER CORE OVENS.— A book-
let entitled a Remarkable Battery of Rolling
Drawer Core Ovens, has been published by the
•T. D. Smith Foundry Supply Co., Foundry En-
gineers, Cleveland, 0. It describes a large in-
stallation for the Ferro Machine and Foundry
Co., Cleveland, O. These ovens are on the
third floor of a building specially built for core
making, with larger ovens on the second floor,
with sand preparation room on ground floor.
This idea of having ovens on second and third
floors, and firing from first floor, is a new idea
in core oven buildings. The plant is well de-
scribed and fully illustrated.

FRICTION HEADSTOCK AND LEVER CON-
TROL.— This is described in its application to
the Gisholt Vertical Boring Mill, in a pamphlet
issued by the Gisholt Machine Co.. Madison.
Wis. The mechanism has several points of par-
ticular value for this class of work, and which
are explained in the pamphlet.

ROCKWELL REVERBERATORY MELTING
AND REFINING FURNACES— Are explained in
Bulletin No. 10. of the W. S. Rockwell Co.. 50
Church St.. New York. These furnaces use
either oil or gas fuel, but may be designed to
use coal or coke. Tt is suitable for melting and
refinery drosses, reducing copper and brass wire
and miscellaneous scrap to ingot form, melting
lead. tin. zinc, etc., in large quantities, and for
melting quantities of brass or bronze for cast-
Ines which are too large for the ordinary cru-
cible furnace and which cannot be economically
mot from a cupola. The description goes on to
give details of construction.

GEOMETRIC CHASER OR DTE GRINDER.—
is the title of a leaflet issued by the Geometric
Tool Co.. New Haven, Conn., describing this
machine. This mnehino was designed for the uni-
form PTindlno* of chnsers or dies of nn matter
what form. This thev claim is a necessity to in-
sure a. p-nod thread on bolt and reasonable life
to chaser. It is a danted to other grind! n g as
woll, and has a micrometer attachment for ac-
curate work. Tt is also fitted with a vise.

DTTNHAM VACFO-VAPOR TTEATTNC SYS-
TEM.— A handsome 40 nn.ee booklet issued bv
the Dunham (k Co.. Continental Life Bldg.. To-
ronto, goes into the construction and advan-
tages of the Dunham System, and is worthy of

ALUMINIUM

The 20th Century Metal'

You can

now get your Al-

u-niniu;n requirements

promptly attended to by our clients,

The British Aluminium Co., Limited o

INPOTS da dc London, the largest producers

SHEETS,' RODS' in the United Kingdom.

£K$^BrALD?Dc' Sole A&ents for Canada : Parke &

CORNICES, WIRE, Leith' 2°5 Yonge E "eet (Bank of
CHANNELS, ETC. Toronto Building) Toronto.

Lightest and most adaptable of the industrial

metals. Fills a hundred purposes where

the ordinary metal fail. Saves its

cost over and over again by

its lightness and easy

working qualities

To-day get Bul-
letin "D" on the
varied uses of
ALUMINIUM
(Parke & Leith)

JESSOPS

BEST TOOL STEEL

"ARK" High-Speed Steel

THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STEEL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOPS HIGH-GRADE FILES and RASPS.

80 Bay, St., Toronto, Ontario

Chas. L. Bailey, Agent.

Reid-Newfoundland Company

St. John's, Newfoundland.

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd
Montreal, Quebec
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.,
St. J6hn, New Brunswick

WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

Good, Clean Castings

depend largely upon the facing used. At least, you can't get good castings with poor facings

DIXON'S
FOUNDRY FACINGS

help to make the kind of castings that require least cleaning and that are free from hard spots,
blow holes, etc. WRITE FOR FREE BOOKLET 223-"S.

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

JERSEY CITY, N.J.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

THE BEYER WATCHMAN'S PORTABLE

*^^^fcjS CL0CK

IS TAMPER PROOF

and thoroughly reliable

Shall we send

Particulars?

G. C. BRED1N, Sales Agent

252 Dundas St. London, Canada

Record Dials famished for all maihiuei.

STAMPINGS fit

No matter how hard a stamping problem you
put up to us. the chances are we can satisfy
you. Many people use stampings in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.

The Silent Partner is an inter-
esting little magazine. We send
it free— when there's a reason

THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.

899 Hamilton Street Cleveland, 0.

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Ft r general machinists* use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Oar catalogue shows many
styles and sizes and is sent
free.

The Cushman Chuck Co.

Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.

Established 1862

careful reading. Special reference is made to
the patent Dunham Trap which is said to act
Quickly, have large capacity and to absolutely
not pass steam. Tests are shown as well as a
number of installations with letters of recom-
mendation.

INDUSTRIAL RAILWAY— An 80 page booklet
issued by C. W. Hunt Co., West New Brighton,
New York, gives a description of the Hunt In-
dustrial Railway system with illustrations of
the mechanical principles and interesting details.
Numerous illustrations show the application for
handling materials and saving labor.

DRIVING CHAINS— Renald Driving Chains
and their use is the subject of a 130 page cata-
logue issued by Hans Renald, Ltd., Manchester,
and distributed by their Canadian agents Jones
& Glassco, St. Nicholas Building. Montreal. The
book is a useful treatise on chain drive, many
applications being described and illustrated.
Chain sprokets are shown and cutters for mak-
ing them. How to join chains is made clear
and the tools needed are shown. Shops with
general chain drive, machine tool chain drive,
etc.. are shown with cost and production tables.
The application to wood working machinery is
also illustrated.

ROCKFORD MACHINE TOOLS— The Rockford
Machine Tool Co., Rockford, 111., have Issued a
neat folder containing illustrated descriptions of
a number of Rockford Machine Tools. These in-
clude shapers of various styles, both belt and
motor driven and Rockford planers in several
sizes. The special features of each machine, are
pointed out in the description.

ROLL CRUSHER— Bulletin 39 of the Jeffrey
Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio, describes tha Jeffrey
roll crushtr for coal, coke, suit, gypsum, etc.

FOUNDRY EQUIPMENT— A folder from the
Adams Co., Dubuque, Iowa, contains illustrated
descriptions on coated paper of Farwell Squeezers
Universal Molding Machines, Snap flasks, gr'nd-
ers, milling attachments, gear hobber, etc. The
operations on the different machines are clearly
described and illustrated, such subjects as "How
Spur Gears are cut with a Hob," being treated
in the folders.

Shelby Tubing-. — "Shelby Hot Finished,
Seamless Steel Tubing," is the title of a
neat little booklet issued by John Mullen
& Sons, Ltd., 321 James St., Montreal, who
are the sole Canadian distributors of this
product. This brochurfe describes the ad-
vent of this kind of tubing on the market,
as well as giving a long list of its possible
uses.

Foundry Machinery and Equipment — Is a
little 24-page booklet, No. 93, Issued by the
Northern Engineering Works, Detroit, Mich.
To quote the booklet, it "is merely a re-
minder of what we make in the line of Foun-
dry Machinery." Other catalogues are pub-
lished by the firm dealing with theii products
more completely, which are obtainable on
request. -

The Coventry Noiseless Chains and Wheels
— Is the title of a very instructive 24-page
catalogue, issued by the Coventry Chain
Co., Ltd., Coventry, England. The develop-
ment of this chain from its introduction in
1896, is dealt with, as well as a complete
description of its present form and appli-
cability to various conditions. Some hints
are given for users, as well as an article
on the lubrication and care. A number of
commlon uses lare cited, and convenient
table arranged giving details of various sizes
of chain. Mention is also given to the com-
pany's Shock Absorbing Wheel, which is
worthy of considerable notice.

Jeffrey Conveying Machinery. — In a neat
little 24-page brochure, which is catalogue
No. 38, of the Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Columbus,
Ohio, a general outline of their line of ma-
chinery and its wide range of application,
Is given. The catalogue consists essen-
tially of a series of illustrations, admirably
tilling the intention of the firm, as it very
completely shows their lines of activity. A
complete list of their catalogues is given.

The Heating System. — This 12-page bro-
chured describes the Webster Q. R. Modula-

A Constant-Speed Drive

A fundamental underlying
principle of a constant-speed
drive and the mechanically
obtained speed changes incident
thereto is convenience.

Any machine so designed
as to entail the absolute stop-
page of the driving pulley, as
well as the machine in order to
change speeds by the shifting
of a tumbler gear or engage-
ment of a positive clutch does
not in any way meet the requi re-
ments of the case.

Friction back gears are,
comparatively, an advantage,
but the quick change so obtain-
ed is too great. Quick speed
changes should have but a slight
increment from one to another,
in order that the surface speed
of the work may be readily and
properly accommodated to the
capacity of the cutting tool.

A perfect constant-speed
drive is one of the many features
incorporated in the VERTICAL
TURRET LATHE which tend
to make it such a remarkable
machine for rapid production of
absolutely perfect work.

This feature is only one of
the many incorporated in the

VERTICAL TURRET
LATHE which is fully illustrat-
ed in catalog C-15, which is free
for the asking.

The Milliard MachineTool Go.

Bridgeport, Conn., U.S.A.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

7«

tion System of Factory and Office Heating,
as installed by Darling Brothers, Limited,
Montreal. As well as describing the sys-
tem, and outlining its advantages, an act-
ual test of its efficiency is given. Several
important installations are shown, and a
number of letters of recommendation given.

ROPE BLOCKS AND SHEAVES— Anvil Brand
Wire Rope Blocks and Sheaves, is a little folder
issued by Mussens, Limited, Montreal. Quite a
number of different types are illustrated and
price lists given.

NEWTON CUPOLA.— This is catalogue No. 51
issued by the Northern Engineering Works, De-
troit, Mich., containing 16 pages, describing their
type of cupola, laying special stress on its ad-
vantages which they claim are rapid, continuous
melting, high fuel economy, saving in wear on
lining, latest design, best construction, and
wide range of work. It is well written and in-
structive catalogue for foundrymen. The catal-
ogue is illustrated with several line drawings
and half-tones.

THOR AIR TOOLS— This is a four page pam-
phlet issued by the Independent Pneumatic Tool
Co., 1307 Michigan Ave., Chicago, showing the
various kinds of pneumatic tool;; made by this
firm. While not descriptive, complete data con-
cerning each of the different kinds is given, as
well as size and price. Applications of their use
are also shown, giving an idea of the many
uses to which air tools can be put.

NEWTON BOLT THREADING MACHINES— A
new form of die head is described in this 15
page booklet, which is catalogue No. 46 of tho
Newton Machine Tool Works, Philadelphia, Pa.
The die head consists of four chaser blocks, each
with four chasers, so that machme can be
rapidly set to cut any one of four sizes of
thread. Other sizes have different chaser blocks.
The head is well illustrated. Four pages are de-
voted to illustrations of other machine tools
that they manufacture.

JEFFREY SPIRAL CONVEYORS.— Booklet
No. 36. published by the Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Co-
lumbus, Ohio, deals with the different types of
spiral conveyors made by that firm, illustrating
the sane and describing their varied uses. Con-
veyor fittings are also included and complete
price list given. The company also manufacture
complete coal mine equipment and labor saving
machinery for handling bulk and package ma-
terial of all kinds, a complete list of catalogues
for which is given in this booklet.

INSPECTING AND TESTING ENGINEERS
AND CHEMISTS.— The Canadian Inspection Co..
Montreal, have issued an 8 page brochure with
this title. It gives a very complete list of the
materials they test, and the quantities for which
the tests are mado. Special tests are also made
by them .

INLAND GALVANIZED SHEET— A most in-
teresting 32 page booklet is that gotten out by
the Inland Steel Co., Chicago, 111., called The
Story of an Inland Galvanized Sheet. This book
first describes the circumstances that forced the
firm to build their own steel mill to supply the
necessary steel for the galvanized sheet that they
manufactured. It then goes on to describe the
process of manufacture, from the time the ore
leaves the Lake Superior iron ore beds till the
finished galvanized product is turned out passing
through the basic open hearth process, clearly
describing the various steps through which- it
goes, mentioning particularly what they consider
are the points of superiority in their own
method of manufacture. The book is very in-
structive, as all the various stages are dealt
with so completely. It is very fully illustrated,
every step being shown.

STANDARD ELECTRIC TIME SYSTEMS.—
Catalogue No. 32, published by the Standard
Electric Time Co., Waterbury. Conn., describes
thtir time systems. The system consists essen-
tially of a master clock, electrically self-winding
- ">ntr Is secondary clocks,
time registers, etc.. and other time-keeping ap-
paratus, for use in any large institution. This

catalogue fully describes the system in all its
details. It is a book every manager ought to
have when changing his shop system in any
way.

OIL BURNING EQUIPMENT.— Circular No.
120, of the late Jones & Co.. Inc., Pittsburgh.
Pa., describes their fuel oil burning equipment
ior open hearth furnaces. It is an 8 page cir-
cular, large size sheet, and contains a number of
illustrations of installations, as well as a
couple of plans and sections of plants. Begin-
ning with a general dissertation on the advan-
tages of oil as a fnei for such purposes, present-
ing several very taking arguments in its favor,
it goes on to describe the various parts of the
equipment, such as the burners, reversing valve
stand, ladle drying and heating burner, and the
pumping, heating and regulating system. All
these various details are well described and fully
illustrated.

TWIST DRILLS, REAMERS AND TAPS.—
The 1910 catalogue of the Morse Twist Drill and
Machine Company. New Bedford, Mass., is quite
a comprehensive book 5" x 7" on coated paper,
containing 336 pages, describing and listing their
various products, as well as a 28 page appendix,
containing many useful standardized tables, and
much useful data. It is a book that ought .to
be in the hands of every machine shop superin-
tendent and foreman. Besides describing their
usual stock of increase and constant angle twist
drills, reamers, chucks, milling cutters, taps,
dies, machinery, and machinists' tools, some 39
new productions are listed. These show con-
sidf-rable developments, with many labor-saving
ideas. So many different tools are shown that
even a partial list is impossible. The book serves
as an excellent reference, containing so much
useful information.

RECORDING THERMOMETERS.— The Bristol
Company, Waterbury, Conn., have issued Bulle-
tin No. 125. .1 12 page pamphlet, descriptive of
their class 1 self-contained recording thermome-
ters, which are adapted for low and atmospheric
ranges of temperature up to 150 degrees Fahren-
heit. The different sizes manufactured by them
are shown and described. aB well as the accom-
panying paraphernalia. A brief description is
given of the electric alarm attachment, for ap-
prising the operator of too high or too low
temperature for the desired conditions.

GRITS AND GRINDS.— The April issue of this
monthly news bulletin issued to the sabs force
of the Norton Company. Worcester, Mass.. con-
tains several good articles relative to grinding.
The first article details the similarity of oper-
ation between grinding wheel and abrasive stones,
as compared to the milling cutter, showing that
in principle they are the same. The article goes
on further to show how the microscope and
camera are useful adjuncts in leading to better
grinding, illustrating the point with several
photos taken under the microscope. These are
of interest. Another article on the cause of
checking in fine finishing machine tools, is In-
structive, and consists of several letters, con-
taining the opinions of several men of
authority on these lines. Other equally interest-
ing but shorter articles are given as well as
some short news items. It is a progressive lit-
tle house-organ.

FIRE BRICK.— Catalogue No. 2, of the De-
troit Foundry Supply Company is entitled Fire
Brick and Refractory Material Catalogue. It is
a 24 page booklet, descriptive of the various
brands of fire-bricks marketed by this firm. It
starts in by a general description of fire-brick,
going from that to details of the brands, with
sketches of all the different kinds. In addition
to this, the Inst few pages contain tables and
data of value to foundry men in general, the
information being contained in concise and use-
ful form.

I'l-LVERIZEiR? AND CRUSHERS.— The' Jeffrey
Manufacturing Company, Columbus. O., have is-
sued a 38 page catalogue No. 31-C describing the

ONE MAN

can cut threads on <i-in. p'pe with a

"BEAVER"

ADJUSTABLE DIE STOCK

No. 6, threading 1-4,3-8, 1-2, 3-4 in. complete.
No changing of Dies or Bushings.

No. 60. cuts 1'A, 3, 3H. 4, 4M, 5. and 6 inch pipe.

NOTE— That with the three tools
shown above you can thread from
1-4 in. to 6 in. pipe. No loose parts.

No. 41. cuts 2'A. 3, 3K and 4 In. pipe.

"WARREN" DIE STOCK

(Non-receding dies adjustable.)
Each stock cuts two sizes. Made in four sizes

Prices $5.00, $5 50, $6.00 and $7.00.

THEY SAVE TIME AND MONEY
Write for our Illustrated List

Borden-Canadian Co.

Richmond St. Eas', Toronto, Ont.

72

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Jeffrey pulverizers and crushers. The latest mo-
del of Jeffrey swing hammer pulverizer is well
described and illustrated, and. judging from the
list of firms operating these machines, its use-
fulness is unlimited, being used in all kinds of
pulverizing from bark and chips to hard dolo-
mite rock. Their crushers are also described,
special significance being given to the coal, coke
and salt types. The rotary crusher and the Jef-
frey disintegrator are also given and in addition
a complete list of catalogues published by the
firm is listed, which is convenient for reference
in case of different kinds of machines are re-
quired.

ELECTRIC FANS.— The Westinghouse Electric
& Mfg. Co.. Pittsburgh, Ta. Circular No. 1165.
Shows the company"s very complete line of elec-
tric fan motors for the season of 1910. These
motors are designed to operate on the regular
lighting circuits at the frequencies and voltages
which are in general use.

ROLL CRUSHERS.— The Jeffrey Mfg. Co.. Co-
lumbus. Ohio. Bulletin No. 39 ; size 6x9 in. ;
pages 16. Covers the Jeffrey line of crushers
for coal, coke and salt. The description of these
crushers is supplemented by illustrations of the
different parts and tables of dimensions. Space
is also given to two types of pulverizers.

FINISHING STEAM TURBINE DISKS.—
Gisholt Machine Co., Madison. Wis. Loose leaf
circular. Illustrates and describes the finishing
of steam turbine disks on a Gisholt 42-in. ver-
tical boring mill. The entire operation from
facing the rough forging to completely finishing
the disk was performed in this machine, and it
is stated that the work was completed in great-
ly reduced time and had a very fine finish.

VERTICAL TURRET LATHE.— The Bullard
Machine Tool Co., Broad Street and Railroad
Avenuo, Bridgeport. Conn. Pamphlet entitled
"The Vertical Turret Lathe for Machining Auto-
mobile and Gas Engine Parts." Refers to its
use for machining such parts as flywheels, brake
drums, sprockets, etc. A number of illustrations
show the different operations performed on this
machine.

BORING MILLS— The 40-page. 8 x 10-inch
catalogue issued by the Gisholt Machine Co.,
Madison. Wis., is an excellent piece of work.
The line of boring mills, ranging from 30 inches

to 84 inches in capacity, is fully described, views
of details being added wherever necessary to
bring out prominent features.

FAN MOTORS.— The Westinghouse Electric &
Mfg. Co., Pittsburg, Pa., has issued a 55-page.
7 x 10-inch catalogue descriptive of a complete
line of fan motors, of desk, ceiling and fan
types, and in a wide variety of designs.

LIFTING JACKS.— Is the title of an attrac-
tive 100-page catalogue just issued by the Joycc-
Cridland Co., of Dayton, Ohio. Besides listing
their complete line of jacks for all purposes, the
catalogue also contains discussions of the con-
struction and recent improvements in this line
of jacks. It also discusses the relative merits of
various types of jacks, such as hydraulic, lever,
automatic, automatic geared, screw, telescoping,
etc., for different classes of service and recom-
mends the most suitable jack for the dif-
ferent lines of work. The catalogue contains
complete information concerning the dimensions,
weight, price, etc., of the various jacks, and
should be on file with anyone who is interested
in the purchase of jacks for any purpose. Copies
may be had by addressing the Joyce-Cridland
Co., Dayton, Ohio.

BOOK REVIEWS.

COPPER HANDBOOK.— The ninth annual edi-
tion of the Copper Handbook, edited and pub-
lished by Horace J. Stevens, Houghton, Michi-
gan, is just received. This work, which has be-
come a standard authority on the subject for
the entire globe, has, in its latest edition, 1628
octavo pages, containing considerably more than
a million words, and, in addition to the miscel-
laneous chapters, lists and describes no less than
7,751 copper mines and copper mining companies,
in all parts of the world, descriptions ranging
from two or three lines in the case of companies
that have died recently, to sixteen pages in the
case of one of the largest mines — a mine, by the
way, that employs some seven thousand men,
and has paid dividends of considerably more
than a hundred million dollars. The mine de-
scriptions are the same as in the preced ng vo-
lume, except that upwards of eight hundred new
titles have been added, covering descriptions not

contained in any previous edition. The chapter
of statistics, containing upwards of forty tables,
treating of copper from almost every conceivable
standpoint, has been fully revised, and brought
as nearly as possible to date.

The miscellaneous chapters of the book,
twenty-four in number, treat of the subject of
copper from a great variety of viewpoints, in-
cluding the history, chemistry, mineralogy, me-
tallurgy and uses of the metal, and this section
of the book also has chapters devoted to sub-
stitutes, alloys, brands and grades, and a co-
pious glossary.

The plan on which the book is sold remains
the same as for seven years past, the publisher
sending the book by mail, fully prepaid, to any
address ordered, without advance payment of
any sort, and subject to approval after a week's
inspection. The price is ?5.00. That this unusual-
ly liberal plan has proven successful is shown
by the statement of the publisher that net los-
ses through returned copies and defaulted pay-
ments are less than four per cent. Anyone in-
terested in the subject of copper, as producer,
consumer or investor in shares, should write to
Mr. Stevens for a copy of the Copper Handbook
on the unusually liberal terms noted.

"The Thermal Conductivity of Fire-Clay at
High Temperatures," by J. K. Clement and W.
L. Egy, issued as Bulletin No. 36 of the En-
gineering Experiment Station. University of Illi-
nois, is a report of the results of experiments on
the thermal conductivity of several commercial
fire-clays at high temperatures. A detailed de-
scription of the instruments and methods of high
temperature measurements is included. Copies of
Bulletin No. 36 may be obtained gratis on ap-
plication to W. F. M. Goss. Director of the En-
gineering Experiment Station, University of Il-
linois, Urbana, Illinois.

Algoma Railway Extension.

Thos. J. Drummond, President of the Lake
Superior Corporation, is authority for the
statement that the Algoma Railway will
probably be extended 150 miles to connect
with the C. P. R. Probable cost, about $4,-
000,000.

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SENT ON THIRTY DAYS' TRIAL— express charges paid both ways if
unsatisfactory. WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER.

Made in 50 different sizes, covering every possible Air Tool requirement.
Exclusive Canadian Agents— H. W. PETRIE, LTD., 131 Front St. W.. Toronto
Cor. St. James and Little St. Antoine Sts., Montreal ; 422 Abbot St., Vancouver.

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Canadian Department, ADVANCE MACHINE WORKS. Ltd.,Walkervillt, Ont. Canadian Department, ADVANCE MACHINE WORK8, Ltd., Walkerville, Ont.

The advertiser would like io know where you saw his advertisement — tell him.

"The Saving of Heat Units" is a Clue to Larger Profits

How a Leak of $2,600 was Turned into a -Profit — How Manufacturers
Can Turn Waste into Profits by Taking Care of Condensation.

By H. L. Peiler *

Modern engineering- presents to its
students many fascinating features.

Civil engineering has achieved many
trimphs of construction, and in its dis-
coveries of the practical application of
theory to the utilization of the special
crualities of steel and concrete, has over-
come so many difficulties, has raised so
many and such various monuments to
its own skill, that the average man is
lost in admiration while contemplating
the results.

Electrical engineering, while relative-
ly an infant branch, has made such
rapid and brilliant strides that we al-
ready regard as ordinary commonplaces
achievements that less than one gener-
ation ago aroused the wonder of the
world. It is really difficult to realize
how very youthful are such every-day
utilities as the incandescent lamp and
the telephone. Long distance trans-
mission of currents of relatively high
potentials only dates from yesterday.

In mechanical engineering, while pro-
gress has been steady, it has not been
so rapid, and the advances have come
in short rushes with a rest between.
In recent years, we have progressed
from the single cylinder engine to the
compound, from the low-pressure slow-
speed engine to the high-piston speed,
long-stroke and quick, revolution engine
necessitating high pressures. Then
comes the development of the turbine
principle and as a crown to all of
these, the successful application of the
superheating of the steam. Keeping up
with tho development of the engine, the
steam-generating plant has also pro-
gressed, and boilers with their accessor-
ies from grates, mechanical stokers,
automatic feed-control and other fuel-
saving attachments, make the modern
boiler-room a very different proposition
from that of even fifteen years ago. In
another direction, we have the internal
combustion engine in its various forms
and many other devices for cheapening
the cost of power-production and sim-
plifying the complex problems that
confront the present day manufacturer
when he is contemplating his costs.

In view of all these bright and out-
standing achievements in the mechani-
cal world, it seems as if it might be a
very difficult task that I have under-
taken when I presume to address you
on such a commonplace topic as that
which has been chosen for me.

I am in the position of the gleaner of

the scriptures. Before me have gone the
reapers and the binders, they occupy
the whole skyline because their work is
more prominent. But in their haste to
show large and brilliant results, they
have neglected the apparently small
waste that lies scattered here and there
in the furrows, so small perhaps that
it has to be searched for, and yet, in
the aggregate, so large that its accum-
ulation hour after hour, day after day,
and month after month, presents at the
end of a whole year a sum total that
is surprising.

Waste of Hot Water.

On going over a certain plant with
the owner, I asked him where a parti-
cular return line led that originated in

•Of Peiler & MacKenzie, Montrejl.

H. L. PEILER.

a dry-room. He replied that it emptied
into the drain. I asked how much wa-
ter he was losing, and he stated that
it could not be much and that the wa-
ter was cheap. However, I managed
to arouse his curiosity sufficiently to
have the pipe uncovered and the water
measured. To his surprise he found
that a 50 gallon barrel was filled every
40 minutes and that the temperature
of the water near the outlet of this
large drier and while still under pres-
sure, was 306 F. His engineer calcu-
lated for him the approximate cost, in
tons of coal, of heating nearly 250,000
gallons of water from 50 F. to 300 F.,
and this manufacturer came to the con-
clusion that he was not sufficiently
wealthy to continue that system, when

at relatively low cost, the same water
could be returned to the boilers direct
and without loss of heat-units. This
plant had almost every practical device
for making steam cheaply. High-class
boilers, modern engines, approved
equipment everywhere, including ball-
bearing shafting and everything to re-
duce friction loss to a minimum, and
yet this was only one of a series of
'"leaks" that were discovered during a
careful investigation, and eventually he
found that leaks, which cost him $1,800
to stop, had for years previously been
trichling $2,000 annually into the
drains. Everybody possible had appar-
ently been done to make the whole
plant modern and up-to-date, which is
equivalent to saying '''economical to
operate," but the men in charge had
neglected to "look into the furrows."
This is only one of a series of similar
incidents which I can recall in my own
experience.

I am a hunter of leaks, and this sav-
ing of the heat-units in the water of
condensation, while being on a superfi-
cial view only a very minor matter, is
one of those smaller details of the en-
gineering field that seems to be fated
to be left to some hanger-on of the
profession like myself, and it keeps me
very busy gleaning what I find in the
furrows. If I were permitted an at-
tempt at a joke, even on such an ap-
parently mirthless topic as condensa-
tion, I could say that it keeps me con-
stantly "in hot water."

Present Day Conditions.

For purpose of comparison, it is ne-
cessary for me to state briefly the con-
ditions that are most frequently met
with in steam-using plants in this coun-
try. They are of course quite familiar
to all engineers. The steam is trapped
at the point of discharge at the appar-
atus in which it is used. The water is
then usually run by gravity to some
low point; gathered in an open heater,
vented receiver or hot well, and after
the make-up-water has been added, the
boiler is fed from this central reservoir.
Where the steam is used under very low
pressure (0—5 lbs.) and where exhaust
steam from the engines is mixed with
this low-pressure live steam, the tem-
perature of this water of condensation
upon reaching the receiver is frequently
under the boiling point ' and the addi-
tion of the cold make-up water further
reduces it to a point where it can
readily be handled by a good hot^water

3*

CANADIAN MACHINERY

pump.

these conditions, it

Under inese conditions, it is atmospheric pressure, the grain i
not uneconomical to handle the returns muon ■
in this manner. But here I

here I would like
to point out that in drawing hot water
from an open heater or receiver, and
passing it through a pump, the tem-
persture is still further reduced, and
many engineers who have thermometers
on the heater or receiver, overlook the
important fact that in most cases they
lose from 8 to 12 degrees between the
heater and the point where the feed-
water enters the boilers, and that this
means a direct loss of from 2-3 to over
I p.c. of the total fuel consumption.

However, there are very few plants
that answer to this description. In
nearly every industrial process in which
steam is used for heating, drying or
boiling, it is more economical to use
higher pressure in order to obtain the
greater rapidity of result from the high-
er temperature. Even In paper mills
and the finishing departments of textile
mills it is usual to find pressures of
from 5 to 10 lbs. used for drying. In
laundries, in breweries, in confectionery
boiling, in wool and cotton drying and
many other lines of work, 60, 80 and
even 100 lbs. pressure are usually em-
ployed, and in all these cases the pump
and receiver method is wasteful. It
must be remembered that in a dry-
room, for instance, on which 80 lbs.
pressure is carried, the water of con-
densation as it leaves the outlet, and
while still under pressure, has almost
the same temperature as the steam
from which it originates, that is to say
about 320 degrees F. When this water
reaches atmospheric pressure, it at once
cools by expansion to the boiling point,
and throws off 108 degrees of its tem-
perature, and a considerable portion of
its own bulk in the form of expansion
vapor, all of which is a dead loss. It is
manifest to the most inexperienced new
hand, that if this water can be carried
back direct to the boilers without being
allowed to expand, there will be an abso-
lute saving of the amount of coal neces-
sary to re-heat this water by the 108
degrees that it has lost. When one re-
calls the fact that steam or hot water
under even 5 lbs. pressure has a tem-
perature 16 degrees, at 10 lbs. 28 de-
grees, at 30 lbs. 62 degrees and at 60
lbs. 95 degress above boiling point at
atmospheric pressure, and that between
10 and 12 degrees increase in the tem-
perature of the feed-water means a
theoretical saving of 1 p.c. in the fuel
account, it follows as a natural conse-
quence that it is wrong in theory as
well as in practice to cool off water and
then spend good money in replacing a
loss of heat that can roadily be retained
and used over again.

very
argor in proportion than if the
boiler-feed is below the boiling point.
The reason for this is that the work-
ing capacity of the boiler has been
changed, and has been brought to a
state where the boiler is more efficient
in heat-units. This difference of effi-
ciency must be also credited to this
method of feeding, and the change will
naturally show greater total results,
than if the saving has been computed
from changes due to the difference in
the temperature of the feed-water
alone. I give one interesting case
out of a number I have met
in my own experience. In the Stor-
mont mill of the Canadian Colored
Cotton Mills Co., at Cornwall, Ont.,
when the average temperature of the
boiler-feed was 165 deg., five 80 h.p.
boilers were used to do the drying and
dyeing. Under the re-arrangement now
in force, about 80 per cent, of the feed-
water goes back direct to the boilers
through return traps at 280 degrees,
the make-up water at 140 degrees mak-
ing the average temperature of the
boiler-feed 252 deg. F. This shows a
gain of 87 degrees with a theoretical
saving of about 8 to 9 p.c. in fuel. In
reality, two of the boilers have been
shut down, the other three are more
efficiently operated, and the actual sav-
ing in fuel is over 30 p.c. allowing for
the fact that a portion of the dyeing
plant has been removed to another
mill. This was originally a receiver
and pump lay-out with the make-up
water running into the receiver-tank to
cool the returns, and nothing was done
by me, except to handle the returns in-
dependently from the make-up. The
cost of making the change actually pays
for itself in this plant every six
months.

Stormont Mill Installation.

If the water can be returned into the
boilers above the evaporation point, at

In many sections of Canada, and par-
ticularly throughout Central and Wes-
tern Ontario, another consideration is
that of the quality of the feed-water.
Every engineer realizes the value of
using the condensation over again, and
how much it improves his general con-
ditions to minimize the amount of
fresh water that is fed into the boilers,
and most of which in many places has
to be paid for. And yet, for some un-
known reason, I find many plants
where the engineer appears to have
failed to convince his owners. Only last
week I was in a factory in Western
Ontario, where the feed-water is so bad
that the 2-inch feed pipes to the boilers
are practically choked up completely
every four weeks by the heavy deposit
of solids from the water. In this same
plant, the exhaust from two engines
and four pumps is utilized for heating
water for manufacturing purposes, but
every drop of this valuable condensa-
tion is allowed to run into the sewers.

Enough distilled water is wasted to
feed one 125 h.p. boiler practically con-
tinuously.

If it were a matter of enormous ex-
pense or engineering difficulty to save
and use this water, one could under-
stand the objection. But it is such a
simple problem, and as this water is
always at or near the boiling point,
the saving in fuel would also pay for
the cost in a reasonable time. All that
is necessary is an oil-separation system,
and a trap or pump that will lift this
water back to the feed system.

While the attention of power users in
Ontario and elsewhere at the present
time is being largely attracted to
electricity, this also opens up an equal-
ly large field for the steam-trap, es-
pecially the return trap. While we
have our good Canadian climate to
contend with, and while we need heat
for boiling, drying and other mrposes,
so long will we require steam. Where
steam is used for heating only, the re-
turn trap will operate efficiently with
a much lower boiler-pressure than is
required to work a pump. However, it
is entirely automatic and its simplicity,
lowness of operating and up-keep cost,
and other advantages, make the return
steam-trap in every way more desirable
than a pump for boiler-feed purposes.
Where the lift from the lowest point of
drainage to the top of the boiler is
low (say, 6 to 8 feet), a boiler-pres-
sure of 6 to 10 lbs. is ample.

A very little experience will show
that results will be obtained much
lower in cost than by any other sys-
tem of heating. There is no loss of
heat-units between the point of drain-
age and the boiler. This is the impor-
tant factor of saving.

Another equally important matter,
and in fact one that in some cases is
more important, is that of the proper
trapping of steam-using machinery of
every description. It is a point that
has been very much neglected by the
engineering profession. The steam-trap
in general has been condemned by many
engineers and is a cause of dissatisfac-
tion in many factories and plants. An
examination of the conditions will often
show the reason. The chief reason, in
my experience, is that steam-traps are
seldom purchased intelligently. This
may appear to be a strong statement
to make, but it is an absolutely true
stricture, and one which I am able to
substantiate.

Causes of Trouble.
The first great cause for this, is that
extremely few engineers take the trou-
ble to find out what the actual quan-
tity is in pounds or gallons of water
that is condensed in any given process
or machine. The ratio of water con-
densed from steam varies enormously
according to the service performed by

CANADIAN MACHINERY

37

that steam. It is ordinarily calculated
that one square foot of radiation used
for heating an ordinary building will
condense .625 of a pound of water per
hour, when the building has been heat-
ed to 68 degrees F. But this will vary
according to the construction of the
building, the amount of glass surface
and the humidity of the air as well as
its changes in a given time due to
wind. Condensation in a dry-room will
vary according to the moisture of the
goods being dried. A mangle in a laun-
dry will condense more steam or less,
accordingly as the quantity of the
goods passing over it in a given time
is greater or smaller. Indirect coils
where air is forced over the pipes, will
show enormous differences when the
air is drawn from out-of-doors and
when the air is re-eirculated within the
building. A vacuum pan will condense
steam much more rapidly than a pan in
which the same liquid is boiled at at-
mospheric pressure. Every process
shows different results, and a proper
test of the quantities almost invariably
shows that the ordinary methods of
guess-work run from 25 p.c. to 50 p.c.
too low. It is quite usual to find a
steam-trap with an interior valve-
opening of i-inch, and actually able to
discharge about 10 lbs. of water per
minute with 5 lbs. pressure, placed
where it has to take care of double
that quantity of water, a thing that it
is not possible to do. The trap floods,
it refuses to do work that is against
all natural laws, and in consequence
the trap is blamed, and not the man
who attempted to force it to do im-
possibilities. A certain amount of
blame also attaches to the engineer, be-
cause the chances are that he probably
did not by actual personal investiga-
tion, find out for himself the size of the
opening through which the water jhad
to pass. On the other hand, a certain
amount of blame attaches to the mak-
ers of these traps, who fail to inform
!ho engineering public of this most im-
portant detail in trap construction.

Ordinary so-called catalogue ratings
are useless. They are usually based
upon a fixed pressure of, say 50 pounds,
and their drainage capacity in feet of
one-inch pipe, is misleading. No al-
lowance is made for varying conditions,
and a trap that will handle a given
quantity of water at 50 lbs. will do
nothing like that amount at 5 or 10
lbs. pressure.

Every engineer knows that in order
to obtain from steam the heat-units
which he wishes to utilize, he must first
condense that steam. Engineers know
that in order to obtain the best results,
the apparatus must be drained quickly,
and most engineers know that conden-
sat ion does not usually leave the ap-
paratus in a steady stream, but that

the water nearly always comes in gulps
and sudden gushes. It is this maximum
condition that must be taken care of
by the trap, and the most economical
and useful trap is that which is a little
larger than the actual average condi-
tion calls for.

With steam traps, as with every
other kind of machinery, it is mistaken
economy in every way to buy too small
sized units. The over-loaded boiler and
the over-loaded engine are expected to
give poor results in the long run, and
yet I think I am not in the least guilty
of exaggeration when I make the state-
ment that fully 60 p.c. of all the steam-
traps in use in this country are over-
loaded and expected to do work of
which they are not capable. This
means another direct loss in the effi-
ciency of the apparatus being drained,
and in many cases reduces the output
as much as one-half.

I wish to emphasize this important
feature, and it covers the two great
points to be aimed at in the economi-
cal handling of condensation, namely,
that, first, all steam-using machinery
should be amply and quickly drained,
and secondly, the water of condensation
kept under pressure and returned direct
to the boilers without loss of its heat-
units.

Trap System.

The method of doing this is simple.
A proper system of proper traps will
do the work automatically. The up-
keep expense is practically none, and
depreciation allowance less than that of
any other part of an ordinary power-
plant. Return lines should be covered
to retain the heat in the water ; this is
a practice which I always suggest and
which the results justify.

It is usual in most steam-using plants
to cover the supply pipe and leave the
return pipes uncovered. You will tell
me that the reason for covering tho
supply lines is to prevent excessive con-
densation in the line through radiation
of heat through the pipe. My argu-
ment goes farther. Prevent that same
radiation loss in the return. It repre-
sents just as much cool on tho return
side as in the supply side. If you can
handle your water into your boilers un-
der pressure as hot as you get it, why
allow any unnecessary loss at either
end ? Pipe-covering only represents a
small first cost ; loss of heat by radia-
tion represents a perpetual expense in
coal.

Py a proper trap I mean one of ample
discharge capacity, and not a trap of
the kind that requires a cooling of the
water to open its valve, such as the
usual expansion type. Remember that
your object is to utilize as fully as pos-
sible every heat-unit contained in the
water as it leaves the place of conden-
sation. The rest is merely an applica-

tion of ordinary common sense and
reasoning power. Get your condensa-
tion back above the boiling point at
atmospheric pressure, and you are mak-
ing money.

It is difficult to imagine what argu-
ment any owner or engineer can set up
against the proofs of economy that can
be submitted in favor of this method,
and yet I find that many owners and
engineers of plants where the old me-
thods exist have the greatest prejudice
against venturing on a change that is
such a simple and reasonable one. T
have made these changes in a great
number of industrial establishments,
and in every case the owners have ex-
pressed their regret that the change had
not been made sooner.

One question has been frequently put
to me, and that is : "If this thing is
so simple and if the saving is so large,
why has it not long ago become the
general 'practice ?" "Why is it not the
rule rather than the exception V My
answer to this is that this is a young
country, and that technical education
was until recently almost an unknown
quantity. Our conditions in the early
days were peculiar. We had an appar-
ently unlimited amount of fuel at our
doors, and we were a wood-burning na-
tion, even our railways burning the
wood that was piled up everywhere, a
refuse from the clearing of the land.
Then we began to manufacture, and
every aim was directed at increase of
output. Go to many of our largest
manufacturing establishments to-day,
especially those that have grown with
the country during the past thirty or
forty years, and I can instance numbers
where the original plant can be traced,
now a small corner of a large factory.
Around it have grown the subsequent
additions and extensions, a new build-
ing here, another there, not built and
located according to one preconceived
plan, but simply thrown on anywhere
where room orf convenience dictated, to
meet the temporary exigencies of our
growing time. "Output" has been the
moving factor.

In the meantime, cheap fuel has gone
and coal must be bought. Competition
has arisen in nearly every line that
compels closer margin of profit. Every
effort is made to procure the latest
types of machinery, the most modern
processes,' more stalled labor. But it
has only recently come to the point
that every other means for cheap pro-
duction having been exhausted, the
manufacturer is forced to turn his at-
tention to other methods of increasing
his ever smaller margin of profit. -

There is no other line left open.
Wages must remain at their present
high level, owing to other economic
conditions. Other charges are fixed by
poisons whom the manufacturer cannot

38

CANADIAN MACHINERY

control, raw materials arc bought in
the open market where his competitors
have an equal chance, and his finished
goods have prices fixed largely against
his will by outside competition. The
days of monopoly are gone almost
without exception, and therefore he
must look to decreased running costs.
The United States Steel Corporation
are to-day the largest buyers in the
world of labor and fuel-saving devices.
Only thus can they hope to increase the
narrow margin between profit and loss.
This stage has only recently been
reached in Canada, and it is now being
forced upon the attention of all mechan-
ical engineers.

In the eastern United States the prin-
ciples which I am laying down in this
paper, have been longer recognized, and
I am not preaching the gospel of ex-
periment. The methods which I am
endeavoring to spread, are the result
of twenty years continuous effort along
these lines by engineers of experience,
and to-day we can handle the most
varied conditions in the light of the
certainty of result attained elsewhere,
and of the accumulated experience of
many difficulties overcome. In the
main, the whole question resolves it-
self, as I have stated above, into the
practical application of common sense
and ordinary reason to natural princi-
ples. One of my chiefest difficulties,
strange as this may appear, is to per-
suade owners and engineers that it
costs money to heat water, and that
when once heated, it is cheaper to re-
tain the heat than to allow it to be
wasted and then spend more money to
re-heat it. I am not exaggerating the
matter in the least when I put it thus
strongly. Against me is the prejudice
born of long years of different usage,
and it is frequently difficult to convince
men, without doing injury to their self-
esteem, that methods which they have
been accustomed to use during an en-
gineering life-time of perhaps many
years, are not only merely out-of-date,
but are also wasteful and extravagant.

I sometimes fancy that if the idea
were more complex, if it involved a
more intricate solution of an abstruse
problem, it would be less difficult to
impress its value on the average man.
But gradually the engineering profes-
sion is being forced to a realization
that one of the very easiest methods of
reducing the fuel bill is the ridiculously
simple one of not allowing the valua-
ble heat-units contained in water pf
condensation to escape to the atmos-
phere unnecessarily, but to retain them
where they have been put at the expense
of the man who foots the bills.

In conclusion, I would again impress
upon you that we have no longer the
fertility and large productive powers of
the virgin soil. We have reached the

stage already, where it pays well to
glean the odd ears of corn that have
dropped into the furrows.

CRANK SHAFT GRINDING.
By J. C. Spence*
The grinding of certain types of auto-
mobile crankshafts directly from the
rought forging is a process that has
been highly developed by the Norton
Grinding Co. For a long time and, in
fact, even to-day, many mechanics
doubt that a wheel will grind a true
cylinder when the wheel is not traversed
parallel to the cylinder axis. The only
convinc'n^ argument for the doubter is
to see the trick performed — to actually
measure the resulting work — to see the
qualitv of finish.

r-rfn
jfet<r*H

2-inch wide and grinding down to 1-32
inch over finish diameter.

A glance at the second sketch clearly
shows the condition of the shaft after
this operation. Note that the outside
ends of the shaft are not ground down
as are the bearings. These ends are
left in the rough to be turned off on a
lathe, as per the third sketch.

A great many readers of grinding ma-
chine advertisements have obtained the
erroneous idea that makers of grinding
machines claim that the grinder will re-
move stock faster than will the lathe.
This is true only in a few special cases
— eases where the lathe tool cannot be
properly supported or in dealing with
material where the lathe tool will not
stand up for any length of time.

-6E

f±- -

/5ty//y /n /he ffouyh

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nt

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i

3B-

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Beor/nys ffouyh Grrx/rTc/

The. r~nc/x Turner/

-QEay

£4

Ul — u

P/ns Rough Gmund

f£J\

ui

Li

fi-

re

ft/is a/xt eeart/TQS finished

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tEBE-

X~e'-\*—aM--

Such a shaft as shown in sketch
marked "Forging in the Rough" is re-
ceived from the drop forger after pass-
ing through the trimming dies'. This
means that, in addition to the stock
shown by the sketch dimensions, there is
a certain amount of "flash" to be dealt
with. The shaft is cut off to correct
length and centred. It is then sent to
the plain grinder to have the bearings
rough ground. This operation consists
of bringing forward five times a wheel

* Of Norton Grinding Co., Worcester, Muss.

One of these special cases occurs in
the machining of the crankshaft pins, as
shown in the fourth sketch. Such a pin
as here illustrated, stock being 40 points
carbon, li p.c. nickel, heat treated, can
be rough ground with an actual wheel
cutting time of 40 to 45 seconds, with
an expert running the machine. The or-
dinary operator will take about 14 min-
utes.

Since the corners of the wheel start
to cut on the IS inch diameter and con-
tinue to bear the brunt of the work un-
tile the full face begins to cut at \\

CANADIAN MACHINERY

39

inch diameter, it is only fair to state
that a pin If inch in diameter can be
reduced to 1-25-32 inch in diameter in
1£ minutes by the ordinary operator.
As a matter of fact, it would be to the
advantage of the grinding machine if
the whole pin were If inch diameter in-
stead of having- the H inch diameter de-
pression. The wheel would then per-
form a uniform amount of work across
the entire face and would stand up even
better than it now does.

The rough grinding- of the pins com-
pletes the roughing of the shaft all
oyer and it may now be finished. The
pins are first finished and then the bear-
ings. After squaring the ends to the
proper length, the shaft is complete.

The method above described applies
only to shafts that require no finish on
the "cheeks" and that do not have a
considerable depth to the thrust shoul-
ders. Regarding this latter feature,
our experience up to date leads us to
believe that it is not wise to attempt
to grind with a full width wheel when
the thrust shoulder, beyond the fillet
proper, is more than i-inch high. Of-
tentimes a slight increase in the fillet
radius will bring the shoulder within
this limit.

Besides the rapid removal of stock
by using this method, there are two
very important time-saving features ;
the first lies in the fact that the fillets
are made by the wheel at one and the
same time that the stock is removed
from the balance of the shaft. This is
possible because the wheel corners are
rounded to the proper curvature by
means of a simple radial truing device,
which is a part of the crankshaft grind-
in? machine.

The second time-saving feature is due
to the Norton Grinding Company's pat-
ented method of spacing the work table
along through a predetermined distance,
and there fixing it by means of a spac-
ing bar and locating pin, while the
wheel cut is being taken. This method
gives extremely accurate lengths and at
the same time eliminates all need for
measurement on the part of operator.
In a crooked piece like a crankshaft the
measuring takes as much time as the
actual cutting time.

Such a shaft as the one shown should
be produced by fairly good men using
a plain grinder, and any good 18-inch
engine lathe as follows :

Cut off ends and centre 6 minutes

Hough grind bearings 15 "

Turn ends 8 "

Hough grind p:ns 20 "

Finish grind pins 20 "

Finish grind bearings 25 "

Square ends 6 "

Total 100 "

This includes handling, wheel dress-
ing, etc.

Calipering of Car Wheels and Axles for Mounting

The Subject was Discussed at the Recent Convention of Master Car
Builders in Atlantic City, and a Number of Good Rules were Suggested.

It is important to remember that good
work cannot be performed without good
tools. Proper shop practice will not per.
mit lathes and boring mills to get in bad
repair. Lathe centres out of line or the
V's worn may allow an axle to be turn-
ed tapered. A tapered wheel seat with
the wheel bored straight cannot be ex-
pected to make a proper fit at any
mounting pressure.

A very satisfactory test for lathes is
to take two or three light cuts from an

Fig. l.-Caliper for Wheel Slats.

axle-wheel seat, say seven inches long,
and measure the diameters with mic-
rometer calipers. Good practice indi-
cates that there should not be a varia-
tion in diameter exceeding 0.002 inch.
The same attention given to lathes
should be extended also to boring mills
to see that they are in proper condition
to turn out good work.

The general tendency has been to fi-
nish axles with too rough a wheel seat,
which results from too coarse a feed.
This makes only partial contract be-
tween the wheel seat and axle, While
axles may hold satisfactory under these
conditions, there is always an element of
uncertainty, which can be eliminated by
better practice. The axle, roughly turn-
ed in this way, cannot be accurately cali-
pered, and this is the essential to good
fitting and security. Furthermore, in
mounting the wheel, the high ridges ob-
tained with a roughly turned wheel seat
are pushed off, principally at the outer
end of the axle, reducing its diameter
and making the turning of the wheel
seat necessary when preparing the axle
for mounting wheels at a later time.
There is, also, a bad moral effect on men.
who, if permitted to carry out this prac-
tice, will extend it to journals as well.

It has been demonstrated that with
fairly rigid lathes axles can be turned
at a speed of 40 to 50 revolutions per
minute, the limit of speed being. the chat-
tering of the tool rather than the cut-
ting speed. With this high-speed run
with a fine feed, an axle can be turned
in about the same time as by slow speeds

and coarse feed. The higher speed re-
sults in better work without increased
cost.

Having secured straight and true
wheel seats and wheel bores, the next
necessity is for the proper diameters nec-
essary in secure mounting.

Micrometer calipers are necessary for
several reasons. The axles and wheels
can be calipered more quickly and more
accurately than by machinist's calipers
or snap gages. The "draw" or differ-
ence in diameter of wheel seat and bore
which has been determined for a proper
fit, can be secured without difficulty.
The difference between diameters of
wheel seat and bore of wheel expressed
in thousandths of an inch, can be meas-
ured accurately, whereas with ordinary
calipers it is a question of skill of the
workman and with snap gages the same
is true to a lesser degree.

To successfully use the ordinary trade
micrometer caliper for wheels and axles,
takes time and a certain amount of skill.
To reduce this time and skill to the mini-
mum, micrometer calipers have been de-
signed and used successfully. Fig. 1
shows a caliper for wheel seats. A is
an ordinary micrometer head that can
be bought in the open market; B is the
anvil; C is a stop set square with a line
through A and B; D is a stop or limit
which may be turned, so that the dis-
tance from the stop to the line from A
to B shall be approximately the radius
of the wheel seat. In practice, this stop
D for the 5J x 10-inch journal axles is
correct for wheel seats 6g inches in
diameter, and is approximately correct

Fig. 2.— Caliper Resting on Wheel Slat.

for wheel seats from 6| inches to 7
inches. By turning the stop D one-
quarter turn, it is suitable for 5 x 9-inch

journals.

In using this caliper, it is placed over
the axle, with stop D resting on the
wheel seat, as shown in Fig. 2. The
stop C and anvil B are then brought firm
against the wheel seat. The micrometer
is screwed up by a ratchet stop until the

4Q

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ratchet clicks. The caliper is then re-
moved and read. On a trial, eight axles
were measured in five minutes, and
twelve wheels were measured in the same
space of time. Each wheel seat was
measured at three points, the average
taken and size chalked on the axle.
The wheel seats had not heen previously
measured, and but few were of the same
size. This is much move rapid than
calipering by other meaai, especially
for axles varying in diameter.

Fig. 3 illustrates a caliper for wheel
bore. A is the micrometer head, but
graduated for internal measurements; B
is the anvil; C the stop set at right
angles to a line from A to B; DD are
right and left-hand screws, turning to-
gether by means of a link not shown in
sketch.

In calipering a wheel the screws DD
are roughly adjusted somewhat smaller
than the bore of the wheel. The an-
vil B and stop C are brought against
the bore and micrometer screwed out
until the ratchet clicks. See Fig. 4. On
a trial five wheels were calipered and
size chalked on wheel in five minutes.

This method of calipering and mark-
ing each wheel seat with the points and
the further calipering of the bored
wheels with the sizes marked upon them
permits the proper selection of wheels
at wheel seats for mounting, in order to
secure the pressures necessary.

As to mounting pressures, your com-
mittee recommends the following, in con-

Fig. 3.— Caliper (or Wheel-Bore.

junction with the character of workman-
ship already referred t<>. as being an es-
sential in the problem.

The following general specifications,
which have been quite thoroughly testel,
are submitted for consideration.
Axle Wheel Fit.

Must be turned as smooth as possible
with lathe tool having flat cutting edge.

Finishing cut must not be taken with
lathe feed coarser than 16 pitch. Taper
on axle-wheel seat for entering wheel
must not exceed one-half in length and
must be turned with broad, straight-
faced tool, making regular taper without
ridges or rings. Wheel fits to be cali-
pered at three points, namely :

- Fig. 4.— Caliper Adjusted to Wheel.

One inch from each end and middle
and other points if indications to exces-
sive variations in diameter.

Axles shall not be considered as suit-
able for mounting where there is a dif-
ference in diameter between any two
measurements exceeding 0.003 of an
inch. This, however, shall not be count-
ed to mean that wheel seats on each end
of axle are to be of one size. Each tenth
axle from each lathe shall be measured
for soundness. No axle varying over
0.001 of an inch when measured at two
points, 90 degrees apart on circumfer-
ence at equal distance from end shall
be considered as suitable for mounting.
Wheels.

To be bored smooth. Finishing cut
shall be made with tool or tools having
a cutting face at least 3-16 of an inch
wide. Feed not to exceed 8 pitch. To
be bored with a rough and finishing cut.
The finishing cutter when taking the
finishing cut must not be cutting when
roughing tool is also rough-boring, unless
the finishing tool is supported indepen-
dent of roughing tool, the latter to pre-
vent spring of roughing tool being trans-
mitted to finish tool, causing an irregu-
lar bore.

Wheels to be calipered with microm-
eter caliper. A wheel varying over 0.-
002 of an inch in any two diameters will
not be considered satisfactory for mount-
ing.

Mounting presses to be provided with
recording pressure gauges. All wheels
not mounted within limits given, or
wheels that are forced against shoulder
to be withdrawn.

One point that may be foreign to the
subject should receive attention, which
is lathe centres. It would be very de-
sirable if all shops were to adopt one
angle. Generally, lathe centres used for
ordinary work are 60 degrees, including
angle. If this were adopted for all axle
work, it would result in the axles run-
ning true on centres, reducing the
amount of material necessary to turn
away when truing up axles that have
been previously turned.

USES OF SAWDUST.

Sawdust is usually regarded as an ob-
jectionable product because it increases
the danger of fire if deposited near mills
or lumber piles and necessitates either
cartage with accompanying expense or
the construction of a "burner" and the
use of conveyors or carts to transfer it
from the saws.

A double economy, however, is now in
process. As a result of the use of band
saws instead of the old circular and
gang saws, a log that, under the old
system produced 8 boards, will now pro-
duce 9, a very substantial increase in
product with a corresponding decrease
in the amount of sawdust produced.

Owing to its chemical and mechanical
properties, it has an ever increasing
field of usefulness. Used as an absor-
bent for nitro-glycerine, it produces dy-
namite. Used with clay and burned, it
produces a tera-cotta brick full of small
cavities that, owing to its lightness and
its properties as a non-conductor, makes
excellent fire-proof material for parti-
lion walls. Treating it with fused caus-
tic alkali produces oxalic acid. Treat-
ing it with sulphuric acid and ferment-
ing the sugar so formed, produces alco-
hol. Mixed with a suitable binder and
compressed, it can be used for making
mouldings and imitation carvings; while,
if mixed with Portland cement, it pro-
duces a flooring material. It is excellent
packing material for fragile articles and
for dangerous explosives and can be use;l
as packing in walls to make them sound-
proof and cold-proof.

William J. A. Bailey, who recently
returned from a successful trip around
the world representing a number of
American manufacturers, is now pie-
paring another business tour. He ex-
pects to leave this country early in the
fall and will be gone about a year, vis-
iting the leading commercial centres of
the woi'ld. Mr. Bailey markets his
lines in conjunction with permanent
sales offices in the different countries so
that this trip would no doubt be of in-
terest to manufacturers seeking for-
eign trade. His address is 32 Broad-
way, New York City.

The Wood-Working Department at the M.A.C.

Technical Classes in Manitoba Agricultural College

The Reason Leading up to the Establishment of the Course
in Mechanical Engineering at Manitoba Agricultural College.

By L. C. Harkness

In recent years the great farming com-
munities have looked with appreciative
interest at the work being dime in agri-
cultural colleges. It was not always so.
The bluff farmer is prone to believe that
those excellencies of skill required in
every branch of agricultural work can
only be developed on the farm by the
practical every-day routine of duty.
The old tiller of the soil is reluctant to
admit that anyone in a college can teach
him regarding any ordinary farm work.
But the scene is changing. Not only is
the farmer sending his sons to acquire
agricultural efficiency, but the old beard-
ed sires are coming themselves.

It is not surprising that the science
of grain-growing and expert stock feed-
ing ami judging was the first to at-
tract the attention of the agriculturists.
It was this branch of study that paved
the way tor the equally important
branch of mechanical science. In On-
tario the farm mechanics course of stii'lv
was obviously more difficult to bring
about than the same course in Manitoba.
Farms were smaller, market facilities
wen- more convenient, and the compar-
atively smaller land owner did not feel

the urgency of iron and w [working

knowledge, or the training required to
construe! a building or the anility to
ii pair a gasoline engine. Such knowl-

cihve was left quite unmolested ill tin'
hands of a few who lived in the towns
and villages throughout Eastern Canada,

and who served the "less fortunate"
for whatever fee the mechanic cared to
levy. In the west it. is different. Farm-
ers as a rule are not so convenient to a
town or even a neighbor, and often he -is
urged by sheer necessity to bring his
own inventive genius into operation, fer-
tile or unfertile as the ease may be.
Establishment of Agricultural College.
So the establishment of an agricultur-
al college near Winnipeg was hailed with

PROI

T. SMITH. U.S.

Head of the Department of Mechanics at Mani-
toba Agricultural College.

joy, by the great mass of intelligent agri-
culturists in Western Canada. In less
than three years after its opening n
strong foundation was laid for a fully
equipped mechanical science department.
At the present time, one of the tine-1
buildings to be found on the continent,
where mechanical science is taught,
stands on the college farm. It is 180' x
100' in dimensions, and a three-storey
structure. Prof. L. J. Smith, B.Se ,
formerly of Ann Arbor, Michigan, took
charge of the department in the fall of
1009, and at the outset made some im-
portant announcements regarding the
future of the great work of which he is
a master.

The dominant idea in carrying out the
work of the department, which is desig-
nated "Agricultural Engineering, ''" ia
simply to increase the efficiency of the
student in the practical work on the
farm. The theoretical work is not gone
into to any great length during the two
first years of the course, but the more
highly technical work is only utilized to
make the practical efficient. The course
in reality covers only two years, but
owing to an enlarged idea, a four years'
course will be inaugurated, this year
(1910). in which the third and fourth
years' work will lie a continuation into
the more advanced stages of the previous
year's work. The last two years train-
ing is designed to prepare students fie
pedagogical and government professions.

42

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The complete course is divided into
six subjects, namely, mechanical build-
ing, construction, draughting, carpenter-
ing, blacksmithing and sheet metal and
pipe work.

The Courses.

The work under mechanics is very
far reaching. It involves the study of

patched from thresher works offices or
the training school to repair the much
needed machine, in order that the great
harvest toward which everyone looks
with eager anticipation, might not be
waylaid.

The study of friction and lubrication
of engines and machinery is an import-

First Year Class in Blacksmithing and Iron Working.

construction, care and repair of farm
machinery. Students are taught to oper-
ate gasolene and steam engines, and a
superficial knowledge of their construc-
tion. Threshers are made a thorough
study of, and indeed all training neces-
sary for good expert threshermen, is
given.

In the more advanced work of the
third and fourth years the science of
engine construction is studied in detail

• v3

ju:'

ant factor in this course. The care and
cleaning of boilers is given considerable
attention, as is also the points of fuel
and engine economy. The design and
care of agricultural field machinery is
by no means a secondary line of study,
and this branch is manifestly an im-
portant one to those who follow the
farming pursuit.

Building Construction.

In the second year an important
course in building construction is given.
Twenty lectures along the lines of plans
and specifications. The construction of
roof and bridge trusses; quantity and
cost of material; the heating, ventila-
tion and sanitation of buildings, are de-

livered, and it is evident from the large
registration in this course that it is en-
joyed and found valuable.

Draughting.

The draughting department is one
where a student acquires an adequate
knowledge of how to lay out plans for
any contemplated construction. He is
taught to become his own architect in
the erection of farm buildings. In this
way a prospective farmer is enabled to
"count the cost" before he enters upon
what might otherwise prove to be an
unwarranted scheme.

The knowledge of carpentering is per-
haps the most valuable line of study in
this department. Every farmer his own
carpenter, is the prevailing need. The
far-reaching effects of such a study is
not at once perceived. It involves the
care of tools; the choice in the selection
of tools; the filing of saws, and then on
to the practical uses of the tools in their
myriad forms. How few know how to
use a chisel or saw, and many less know
how to match lumber and plane a stick
of wood. In this study comes the in-
valuable training in the judgement of
the strength of wood materials.

Forge Shop.

In the forge room the farmer is put
to the test as to his ability in iron work-
ing. Most of the boys enjoy this rig-
orous discipline. It is a place not only
where good welds are made> but good
characters. The boy that stands by his
forge and spoils an iron perhaps twenty
times before he makes a proper weld is
a better man when he is through than
when he began.

The value of forge knowledge is mani-
festly of great value to the farmer. The
ability to make hooks, devices, links,
staples, bolts, grab-hooks, etc., is al-
ways envied by the farmer, and this, the
young son of the soil is taught to do
perfectly. One needs not be very imag-
inative to see a mechanicallv trained

Model Gasoline Engine Used for Teaching at
M. A. C.

as well as the various other branches.
This sort of training is considered very
important at the present stage of West-
ern Canada's agricultural development.
On the distant prairie where there are
thousands of acres of wheat waiting to
be threshed, it is rather serious when
the only threshing outfit available can-
not be used, owing to some technical
dilemina in its mechanism. It has often
happened that experts had to be dis-

Farmers' Sons at the Forges.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

boy rushing home for the vacation to
build a forge beside his father's barn
and work diligently until he turns out a
new pair of devices.

As civilization advances, the science
of metal working and the ability to
handle iron pipe will be invaluable to
the farmer. Metal roofing is fast replac-
ing the shingle, and windmills and en-
gine pumps with pipe attachments have
already replaced the "old oaken buck-

Large Drill at Manitoba Agricultural College.

et." If the young farmer is taught how
to solder metal, and cut threads on pipe,
he is surely quite in step with the on-
ward march of scientific development.

WHEN TO INSTAL NEW MACHINE.

A question often asked is, "How are
we to know when the proper time arrives
for scrapping old machinery and in-
stalling new?" From the economic
standpoint the answer may be stated as
follows : It pays to scrap old machinery
when the new machines to be installed
will, during their useful life, make a suf-
ficient additional profit in one way or
another to pay for the cost of installing
themselves and all incidental expenses.

Money is easiest made in manufactur-
ing when machines are worked continu-
ously, and as far as possible turning out
the same objects. Other things being
normal, it is a workshop axiom thai the
longer a machine is- run, producing one
article in the greatest possible numbers
in a given time, the bigger will be the
profit. Displacing an old machine in-
volves checking temporarily the produc-
tion of a given article or articles, with
the result that the burden of expense is
shifted and falls unequally on the rest
of the departments. Moreover, to have
to acknowledge that pending the erection

of new machinery this or that order can-
not be executed is calculated to divert
trade, which may cost a considerable
amount of effort and trouble to regain.
Many good orders have been lost through
firms not being able to supply a particu-
lar article promptly.

It follows then that when changing a
machine or a'tering the methods of pro-
ducing stock articles, the new machine
should be installed, if possible, before
the old one is scrapped. This is not al-
ways possible. One of the features of
modern life is the increasing demand for
space and the growing difficulty of find-
ing it. A machine that is one of a series
working together could hardly be re-
placed by another fixed in some other
part of the works. The point we wish to
enforce in this connection is that all of
these chances of loss, or possible necessi-
ty for additional outlay, must be taken
into consideration when the problem of
scrapping a machine or group of ma-
chines arises.

The manufacturer then, who contem-
p'ates displacing old machinery should
draw up a balance sheet showing every
likely item of cost and profit, and only
when the credit side shows a substantial
balance should he venture on a change,
unless indeed he has lost, or is certainly
1'kely to Irse, his trade without the step
is taken. That, however, is exceptional
and outside the present argument.

On the outlay side of the balance-sheet
indicated must be put down the cost of
the new machine, freight, charges for
packing, and the cost of fixing it. In ad-
dition to this, the probable loss during
the period of change should be carefully
estimated. This last may prove a seri-
ous charge, unless the manufacturer is
luckv and manages to get in the new tool
during a slack period. Due thought
should also be given to stock in hand,
because one result from a new machine
wi'I be the output of the articles either
better in appearance than the old, or at
a lower first cost. Tf the new article is
smarter than the old the latter become a
drug on the market, and may even have
to be scrapped themselves. A safe rule
in such case is to take the worst possible
view of things.

On the other side of the account should
be set an estimated sum likely to be
realized by the sale of the old machine.
It is wise not to take too rosy a view of
the set-off on this count. If it is sold
for old metal it may have to be dis-'
mantled and carted to the auction rooms
or to the metal dealer's premises, with
attendant expense at every stage.

The next point on the credit side of
the balance-sheet to be estimated is the
probable amount of increased profit that
can be realized by the use of the new
machine. Increased profit may arise in

two ways — from decreased cost of manu-
facture or from increased price obtain-
able, along with the probable sales at
the increased profit. These are difficult
points to decide, but the next is perhaps
the hardest of all to determine — the es-
timation of the probable useful life of
the new machine. There appears to be
no rule that can be taken as a guide for
this. The life of the old machine affords
little or no help, because it usually repre-
sents a different period of development.
It is wise not to take too rosy a view of
the possible life, for modern machinery
develops at a rapid rate, and what may
be up-to-date this year may be too ex-
pensive to continue in use twelve months
ahead. The estimate of the probable
profits during each year upon the articles
turned out by the new machine, multi-
plied by the estimated number of years,
will give the total profit that may be
hoped for from the use of the new ma-
chine. When this exceeds by a fairly
substantial sum the amount on the debit
side of the account representing the cost
of installing the new machine, with all
attendant losses, it should be safe to
scrap the old machine.

ROYAL COMMISSION ON TECHNI-
CAL EDUCATION.

The commission on its tour through
the Maritime Provinces, has stopped at
several cities gathering information. At
North Sydney, N.S., where considerable
progress in technical education has been
made, an extended investigation was
entered upon. The chief industry of the
place being the coal ani steel plants of
the Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Co.,
technical education had become very
much of a necessity. Several of the
officials on the engineering staff were
in the habit of assisting by teaching
these night classes themselves. All of
these officials were called upon to tes-
tify before the' commission and from
them many valuable suggestions to-
wards the work of the commission were
gleaned.

The Russell Machine Co., St. Cath-
arines, who were burnt out some
months agor are now in their new fac-
tory, which is fully equipped with all
the latest machinery. The firm is pre-
pared to give estimates for all kinds of
work, and will guarantee workmanship
and quick, delivery.

The foreman of a certain railroad
boiler shop carries his requisition pad
in a tin box of the dimensions of an
ordinary check. Thus the blanks are
tept clean, smooth and unworn at the
corners. The box gives a solid writing
surface for the many requisitions that
must be filled out during shop hours.

44

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The Scientific Lighting of Factories and Offices

By Recent Advances in Illumination, Better Lighting May be Had at Less
Cost than Formerly, adding to the Comfort and Efficiency of Employes.

■flu- propaa lighting of footer] and

niiiif is often negleeted i>\ manuiac
unci-. Willi the n i . 1 1 1 \ raoeni advaaoaa

made in illumination it is well worth

whilf Inveatigating the queation ol ii

liiiiunilH.il lii the i.llitv anil in t lit-
inailiine ihop there should lie g I

lighting fin (he employea. Boom Cm

ailian footoriai have inaile nisi allal mils
great I) ileel easing their li«lil bill.

The new tungaten (Mi da) lamp eon

sullies only 11 walls per rated eaiiille

powar compared with :i to ' watt pai
laieil eamlle powai wiili the carbon

lilallielll lamp, Tlllls llllee to lour
linifs the same light Willi I he MM VOX

rent eoilsiimpl ioll. Thus 10 I amlle

powai Seta da lighta naj be need where

Hi eamlle powei rarlioii lilainrnl light!

a fniiiieiU used without Inoreaaing

the light lull.

If. It. liasham, \ iee pre i'l' ail and kr''U

erai manager ol the Canadian Tungate

her Co.. Ml! King St. West, Toronto.

■ned a ij i<'in oi light Ing lor i he

nlliees ol the Mas e\ Man ll Co.| To

roiito. whieh is making i luge ■ Id
tor thai oompan]

Rg, i thou i Boi I" ' oi one oi the
offlee a hoi e Sunbeam Mai da lamp In
stalled in the ant i vibi atorj Tungate
lier, give i vetj even diatribution in

i he Tungatoliei all iribrat Ion la abaoi b
ed and there have been no burn out

though the a] i .'in ii.i . Im .m in u w toi

some nine.

Proper reflectors add to the effloieney

ol I lie system. By tin i lie light

fulls whan ii la needed and thla is an
othoi point in fovor ol loientlflo Ilium

lll.ll loll.

In making the inst allat Ion t he \ at loo

olliees were inea .uied ami I i llns the

required amount ol light waa figured
out 'I'll1 dei I'l'ii i he number oi ti\

I ■ I'l i i . . I i ellei loi H were then

i VdvertUIng Office, I'l Taken

Willi

a, im

|,l| In "I \l, ,1 i
tiinl I'l'.

rt li 1 1"

Kin. 2. a Miii'iiini' siini Hhowlni Q»ner»l in nation trou

n :i »

I .:uui". with Holophnni

CANADIAN MACHINERY

45

derided upon and the final WsaH si
that the whole installation has been
well designed and there are no shadows.
Factory Installations,

view of a machine shop
show toy the general illumination from
100-watt Mazda lamps with poloplane
intensive reflectors. Kig. 3 is another
view of general illumination using 100-
watt Ma/da lamps. In the three \
shown tk gnat deal of vibration

but in all cases it is well provided for
to protect the fragile tungsten filament.
g 1 clearly shows the anti-vibra-
tion tungstolier which makes the use

■ to he illuminated must be con-
sidered as weil as the walls and special
attention must be <i\en to the redactor.
Ihifferent reflectors have been designed
for ceneral illumination and for the
lighting of work. Csing the same re-
dector for both will result in k»st light
If a workman is employed at a ma-
chine the light must be tocussed on his
work and reflectors should be used
that will deliver the proper light
at the proper angle. This angle should
be t5 to 3* degrees, or it should be
foenssod to with:n IS degrees of the
perpendicular, depending on whether it

Fif. J.— General Illumination of n I 'in rd from a double row ol MM t>u

st*n lamps. provided with special distributing reflectors and hung on short
eelling. as Illustrated. Special steel refleetors. vach provided with an *igh»-<
boa lamp, direet the light at the machlMS.

■.e tungsten filament lamp possible
in factories, offices and any other place
where there is a great deal of vibra-
tion. The tungsten tamp, ol eotUMi will
burn practically wherever the carbon
typos are used, but by protecting it
from jar. better results are obtained.
Importance of Reflector.
The \ibration provided for. the MXt
item in seientitie illumination is the re-
tlecto:. The custom ol putting a livrlit
here or there irrespective of whether it
gives the beat lipht or not. is not only
unscientific but it is uneconomical. The

is for general or special illumination.
The point is that the light .should be
delivered' where it is required, thus M
curing correct illimination with often a
consumption ol electricity. In
scientific illumination as much attention
should be gipen the reflectors and
fusion a< to the liirht source itself.

Kmployeis should therefore realize
that a skilled workman's \alue as
producer is dependent on the tools he

uses, .is has been stated above. In the
ease of a machinist it means pronerlj
sharpened tools and homo the lighting

ol an emery stone is of considerable
importance. The light must be placed
so that not only the face of the wheel
but the edges can be properly lighted.
This can be done by means ol a proper
redeetor and so throughout the whole
shop, the lathe, the planer, the shaper.
the miller, the boring machine, st
can all be properly lighted if the right
reflectors are used A careful consider
ation of the question ol factory and
office lighting will result in better il-
lumination and a saving of current.

SOUVENIR PAPER KNIFE.

An unique paper knife has been de-
signed hy the manufacturers of Shelby
S 1 Tubing. As it is made from a
piece of the tubing it is a practical
demonstration of how this material can
he Mod. John Milieu A Son. 2B1 S

s.'.;v«lr Paper Kaite

James Street, Montreal, il»e Canadian
agents of lh;> Shelby Steel Tube Co.. of-
fer to send one of these paper k:
to any reader of Canadian Machi
who will write for same on their husi-
s- stationery. With the paper knife
will be mailed some interesting litera-
ture on Shelby Steel Tubing.

NEW KIND OF STEEL INTRODUCED.

At Chester, lYnn.. a new kind of steel
is now being manufactured under the
name ol "cementation steel." It is of
the high carbon variety, but contains
more sulphur and less manganese than
ordinary tool steel. The steel is so
douse that it remains unresolved under
the microscope with a magnification of
1.200 to l.tOIJ diameters, although that
ol the open hearth, crucible and Hesse
met stools oan be resolved with a mag
nilioalion of 100. Its elastic litnii
said to be \ery high and its ultimate
strength so.ooo pounds. It is intended
ally tot cast gears, crankshafts.
connecting rods and so on The prooaaa
ol manufacture takes from sis t„ eight

CELFOR DRILL SPEED CARD.
The Cettor Tool Co., Buchanan. Mich..

an mailing to machine hands M re
quest a table ol feeds and speeds for
Colfor drills. This is mounted on how
cardboard and is well suited for use in
the machine shop.

John 11. TQden, Par many years pre*i
den and general manager of Un Qumey.
Tilden Co.. is retiring from that position,
on the re-organiaation of the firm,

46

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Comparison of Wearing Surfaces for Factory Floors

Relative Merits of Granolithic and Wood Top Surfaces for Factory Floors,
Abstracted from a Large Number of Enquiries among Factory Owners.

Much has been said regarding the var-
ious flooring surfaces used in fire-proof
buildings, comparison usually centreing
in a choice between granolithic surface
and a wood top laid on concrete floor
slabs. The reports of the experience of
owners with granolithic finished floors
have not clearly given the causes of
success or failure of the particular floor
under particular conditions. There is
also a marked lack, of information and
experience concerning other wearing sur-
faces, which in some cases might be
preferable.

In order to obtain the fullest possi-
ble testimony from engineers and manu-
facturers as to the relative values of
granolithic and other substances for
floor surfaces, the Aberthaw Construc-
tion Co., of Boston, Mass., sent letters
to some two hundred engineers, machine
shops, paper and textile mills, and
other large establishments in the region
north of Baltimore, and east of the
Mississippi, asking for their opinions as
to whether they considered granolithic
or masonry surfaces injurious to opera-
tives, and if so the reasons why ; and
whether they knew of any better floor
surfacing.

One hundred and eighteen replies were
recaived which related' vailed experiences
with the different substances. As 68 p.c.
of the replies were from machine shops
we will consider those for the other
establishments heard from were pretty
evenly divided. Of this 68 p.c, 27 p.c.
had had no experience with granolithic,
25 p.c. were in favor of it, while the
larger number or 48 p.c. reported more
or less unfavorably on it, from its bad
effects on operatives, and its poor wear-
ing quality. Most of the testimony re-
garding the wearing capacity seems to
bear out the statement that a large
proportion of the bad effects was due
to poor workmanship in laying impro-
perly, and that when properly laid it
was satisfactory is borne out by the
favorable 25 p.c.

Granolithic Floor.
Fnder certain conditions, however, it
is clear that the granolithic floor has
an unfavorable effect on the comfort,
and perhaps to a small degree on the
health of operatives who have to stand
inactive for long periods, as for in-
stance, in tending a machine. The real
cause of workmen's complaints is un-
doubtedly due to the coldness, rather
than the hardness of the concrete floors.
This arises from the high conductivity
of concrete, as compared to wood, mak-
ing the former appear much colder than

the latter, so that, in cold weather
when the concrete is in outward con-
tact with the ground or cold air, it
actively withdraws heat from it under
surface, thereby making it cold. Be-
sides, its high specific heat causes it
to remain cold longer than its surround-
ings, from its inability to heat up as
quickly. The effect of the rapid heat
conduction on the operative is to slow
the circulation, often giving rise to sore
feet, where the pressure of the body
comes on the ground. Lameness and
stiffness of the legs are logical results
in some cases. Moisture aggravates
these conditions.

Two remedies for these bad effects
were discovered. One of these consisted
in the use of small movable gratings
of wood or other material having low
heat conductivity, for the workmen to
stand on, and the other was the actual
heating of the floor itself by means of
contained steam pipes or hot-air ducts
in the substance of the floor-slab. Cases
have been cited where the whole place
was heated by the above method. Where
these devices have been introduced, no
complaints from operatives are heard,
conveying the fact that it was the cold
that was objectionable.

The complaints regarding wear are
four-fold : liability to rut under heavy
trucking, presence of dust due to abra-
sion, difficulty of repairing floors, and
finally, the trouble of attaching ma-
chines to the floor.

Trucking.

Trucking is the most serious cause of
wearing, and when carried on extensive-
ly will result in considerable rutting,
especially if the floor is marked into
squares, as the edges break and wear
back. The common, flat-thread truck
wheel acts like a cutting tool at the
edges and when carrying considerable
weight the very hardest substances
will give to it. This is aggravated
when the truck is turning a corner, for
a better cutting edge is then presented.
It would appear to be readily remedied
by slightly convexing the thread. This
would decrease the wear quite consider-
ably. Enlarging the size of the slabs
tends to decrease the wear at the edges,
and some we recommend doing away
with the squaring altogether. Cracks
will occur, and whether they are
straight or otherwise matters little.
The uncut floor is said to give much
better wear, as well.

In paper mills, and in some other fac-
tories where heavy trucking occurs,
nothing but iron or steel will bear up

under the pounding and cutting of the
truck wheels. Cast iron plates and
steel racks, embedded in the soft finish
concrete, have been successfully used for
that purpose. The steel plates are com-
monly made fifteen to eighteen inches
square, with checkered surface, and
with a flange which turns down around
the edge of the plate, a hole being left
in the top for the escape of air. The
plate is pounded into place with a
mallet, and levelled, the cement bond
holding the flange securely. A cheaper,
and equally satisfactory arrangement
has been the embedding of racks of
small flat bars, separated by thick
washers and bolted together. They are
set flush with the surface, and take the
truck wear satisfactorily. It is inadvis-
able, when using plates, to bolt them
down, as then the expansion of the
plate, due to wear, has a tendency to
buckle them up.

The trouble from dusting appears to
arise wholly from faulty material and
workmanship, for with these corrected,
a dustless floor is quite possible. The
fact that wood floors will not show
dirt readily, and will, even under the
worst conditions, add no grit to the sit-
uation, is a decided point in their favor.
In metal-working shops, or in shops
where machinery with delicate bearings
is to be used very great care must be
exercised in order to get an entirely
satisfactory floor of cement, and be-
cause of the uncertainty of having all
conditions thoroughly favorable to this,
a wood-top floor is oftentimes the
wisest policy. With a poor concrete
floor, at the best, but a temporary re-
lief may be obtained by the use of
paint, or of boiled linseed oil which
has been thinned with gasoline or
naphtha so as to permeate the pores.
The latter is the better way, and has
the advantage of being waterproof as
well if the floor is porous.

Wooden Floor.

Wooden flooring is much preferable
when the item of repairs is considered
because of the difficulty of bonding new-
cement to old. This item is, however,
small as but slight repairs are required
with concrete.

Wooden floors are also more advan-
tageous when machines have to be at-
tached, as the expense and labor of so
doing is much less with wooden floors
than with cement. This advantage is
not so prominent as to make much dif-
ference.

A very important feature is the lia-
bility to fracture of machine parts, if
allowed to fall on a cement floor, and
which, if let drop on a wooden one,
would merely dent the floor. If the ar-
ticle to be manufactured is fragile,
wood top floors are preferable.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

47

Considering; the relative water-proof-
ing qualities it can at least be said
that a wood top floor receives no good
from a wetting, and, as seldom any
provision is made for waterproofing
the concrete below, there is usually
trouble with water. A granolithic floor
needs to be trowelled hard to be dur-
able, and this trowelled surface is prac-
tically waterproof, with no leaking ex-
cept at joints, and at such spots as
have been worn.

Cost.

As regards cost, a one-inch trowelled
surface of cement finish can be put in
place for about the cost of good quality
maple top flooring, delivered on cars at
the site of the work. The difference in
cost between the top floor of cement
and that of wood will be the cost of
the under floor, the screeds and cinder,
or other fill between the screeds, plus
the cost of the extra strength in
columns and girders required to carry
the load of combination wood floor,
which is heavier than the one-inch
granolithic finish. This is partly due
to the fact that, if the granolithic sur-
face be laid when the under floor is
green, the surface is made an integral
portion of the floor slab taking up
part of its strains, and by so doing,
permitting of a lighter slab than is re-
quired for a wood top. On the other
hand the wood floor and accessories
form a dead load. It would therefore
seem, that from the point of view of
cost, the granolithic is better.

It also appears to have the advan-
tage as regards quickness of construc-
tion, for the granolithic floor may be
laid immediately, whereas the wood top
must await the drying out of the floor
thoroughly, as it would otherwise warp,
and maybe have the rot set in.

REMARKABLE GAS BLAST FURN-
ACE.

By Frank C. Perkins.

For hardening dies and tools as well
as for annealing and other similar ser-
vice a unique furnace of the type
shown in the accompanying illustration
is utilized to advantage, no bellows or
air compressors being necessary. Gas
and water only are utilized the gas con-
sumption being about G5 cubic feet per
hour. A water tank is hung seven or
eight feet above the burner and a rub-
ber tube connected between the furnace
and the tank, a 4-inch gas hose being
attached to the furnace. After lighting
the oven becomes hot in about 10 min-
utes when it is ready for service.

It may be stated that oyxgen and
hydrogen gas in connection with the
open flame will raise the temperature of
the flame to a very high degree. Water
consists of two parts, hydrogen and
oxygen, if converted into steam and

superheated, thereby becoming dry, it
will be a combustible vapor when fed
to the flame. Air is composed of ap-
proximately four parts of nitrogen and
one part of oxygen. By forcing it into
the flame, as for instance, with a bel-
lows or on a smaller scale in the Bunsen
burner, the mixed elements will burn
with a raised temperature. To force air
into a burner has hitherto been accom-
plished either with a bellows or a mech-
anically driven compressor.

The "Revelation" gas blast is based
and constructed on the above scientific
principles. Broadly stated it consists
of devices for generating a combustible
vapor under pressure, such as steam,

Remarkable Blast Furnace.

utilizing the vapor pressure for entrain-
ing air, thus producing a mixture of
gas, vapor and air, and igniting the re-
sulting mixture of these components,
producing an intense heat by the con-
sumption of low pressure gas fuel.

It is claimed that the construction of
the "revelation" gas blast process is
so simple that one cannot help wonder-
ing as the strong and sustained blast
produced with the aid only of a small
tank of clean water suspended about 8
feet above the appliance and connected
by quarter-inch rubber hose.

It is held that the principle involved in
the construction of the apparatus here
illustrated is a radical departure from
that of the familiar gas blasts now in

To a Bunsen burner is attached what
may be called a steam generator, con-
sisting of two tubes running parallel
with the Bunsen. A smaller tube at-
tached to the top of the generator
serves to carry the superheater steam
to an injector. Small perforations in
the "Bunsen" tube keep the generator
under a continuous heat sufficient to
convert a fine film of water into super-
heated steam which is forced out of the
nozzle of the injector under high pres-
sure, thereby entraining air by suction
of the steam pressure.

There are three components, viz : air,
gas and steam which, being dry is con-
verted into a gaseous fuel containing
hydrogen and oxygen, and are closely
mixed and issue from the burner nozzle
as a powerful blast capable of melting
silver, gold and copper.

PERSONAL NOTES.
W. H. Carrick, general manager of
the Gurney Foundry Co., is severing his
connection with that firm, to take up
the position of president and general
manager of the Hamilton Stove & Heat-
er Co., which is the re-organized Gurney-
Tilden Co.

C. J. White, of Toronto, is now re-
siding in Prince Rupert, B.C., where he
will represent several manufacturing
firms for the sale of machinery of all
kinds. Mr. White has had an extensive
experience as salesman and should prove
to be a good representative in the new
country.

James Reid, Wilson, and K. W. Black-
well, of Montreal, have been appointed
to the board of the Nova Scotia Steel
Co., to fill vacancies created by the re-
tirement of Messrs. Reford and R. E.
Chambers. The retirement of the lat-
ter is said to be only temporary, due to
his absence in Brazil, examining some
iron ore property.

James R. Wilson, and K. W. Black-
well has joined the board of the Nova
Scotia Steel & Coal Co., in the place
of Robert Reford and R. E. Chambers,
who resigned recently. Mr. Wilson is
on the board of the Dominion Steel Cor-
poration and a director of the Montreal
Steel works. Mr. Blackwell is a prac-
tical iron and steel man, being president
of the Montreal Steel works.

J. P. Fillingham, until recently assis-
tant superintendent of the Reo Factory,
Lansing, Mich., has been appointed
general superintendent of the Reo Motor
Car Co., St. Catharines. Mr. Filling-
ham, who has been for the past ten
years engaged in the manufacture of
automobiles designed by R. B. Olds, is
a native of Canada, and received his
early mechanical training in the Wat-
erous Engine Works, Brantford.

Filing Catalogues to Secure the Greatest Benefit

One problem more or less serious ac-trated here were the result of this effort.

cording to the size of the business, and
the systematic proclivities of the man in
charge of the baying, that is under dis-
cussion in many manufacturing busineSS-

Card Forms for Indexing Catalogues.

eSj i- In w to tile catalogues, so thai they
can be quickly and easily found when
wanted.

This company went all through this
trouble of filing catalogues years ago,
and determined that some method must
be found by which catalogues from other
manufacturers, to which reference was
made frequently, should be designed, and
the catalogue cabinets which are illus-

Catalogues come in all shapes, sizes
and thicknesses. Where a.nd how to keep
them for easy reference is the question.
In the course of a year several hundred
catalogues and price lists will probably
be received from manufacturers and
wholesale houses. The purchasing agent
or the buyer must refer to these cata-
logues and price lists numerous times
every day. and unless he has lots of time
to spare, he must keep these catalogues
on file in a convenient place, where he
has only to reach out his hand and se-
cure the catalogue wanted, without dis-
tracting his mind from his work, or in
wasting time and energy fumbling
through desk drawers and other places.

The basis of this catalogue tiling sys-
tem is the two card index forms illus-
trated in Fig. 1. These two forms are
the index by which every catalogue and
the articles listed in each catalogue can

be found. Sectional vertical tiling cabi-
nets are particularly adapted for filing
catalogues, on account of the different
sizes in which the drawers are made.
(!ard index sections are in reality simply
small sized vertical drawers. The card
index and the vertical system of tiling
are both based on the same principle of
filing cards or papers upright on edge,
behind heavy pressboard guides.

This is illustrated in the stack of sec-
tional cabinets shown, Fig. 2. In the
top section are the index cards filed un-
der both makers and subject guides.

In the next section which is the 6 in.
x 4 in. card index section are filed small
price lists, and below this is another card
index section size 8 in. x 5 in. for larger
price lists and small catalogues. The
next section is the bill size vertical, con-
taining three drawers for catalogues not
larger than 7 in. x 9 in., and the bottom
section is the letter size vertical, 25 in.
deep which will take catalogues 9 in. x
11 in., and if a larger section is re-

Fig. 2.— Cabinet for the First Method of Film,;.

Fig. 4.— Cabinet for the Second Method of Filing.

quired the cap size vertical will take
catalogues 9 in. x 15 in.

The method of filing the catalogues
and price lists for quick reference is
very simple. Each size of drawer is
known by a letter. The 6 in. x 4 in.
drawers in the stack illustrated are "A,"
and each drawer in the section is further
subdivided with a figure, as Al, A2, A3
and A4. The next largest size drawer
is "B," the next "C," and the next
"D," each of which also has a supple-
mental figure. The guides in the draw-
ers are numbered by tens, so that the
first catalogue filed in Al drawer will be
known as Al, No. 1, and as there will be
only 10 catalogues behind each guide
reference is both quick and easy.

This catalogue system may be started
with a single vertical drawer, and if
there are only a few catalogues to be
filed, a card index will not be necessary,
but when the catalogues accumulate to
completely fill the vertical drawer it is
best to have a card index by both
makers' names and articles. This index
can be kept in a special card index tray,
but it is better to have a card index sec-
tion in the same stack, as the vertical
sections.

If a large number of catalogues are
to be filed, it would be wise to select fil-
ing sections with drawers of graded
sizes, so that there will be no waste
room. Small catalogues are more easily
located and kept in good condition in
small drawers than if catalogues of all
sizes are filed in a large drawer.

A Second Method.

There is another method of filing cata-
logues which is required by many
business houses. This company reeog-

Fig. 3. — Labelled Catalogue Ready for Filing.

nized the need of a simple and practical
catalogue file a great many years ago,
and as vertical filing was them in its in-
fancy a special cabinet was designed for

CANADIAN MACHINERY

filing catalogues, in which the drawers
were made of various depths, and each
drawer was subdivided into pigeon-holes.
These pigeon-holes were also made in
various sizes, so that a catalogue of any
size could be readily filed away.

Fig. 5.— Detail of Subdivided Drawer.

The method of indexing is similar to
that explained before, each drawer of
the cabinet is known by a letter, such as
"A," "B," and so on. Each compart-
ment in the cabinet is numbered begin-
ning with one. The stalls in the cup-
board are numbered, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., and
these numbers are continued throughout
the cabinet, so that the last compartment
in the second lowest drawer is number
164. The bottom drawer has no
divisions. It is used for filing extra
large books.

■When a catalogue is received the size
of the drawer and the compartment in

49

in columns provided for that purpose.
These cards are filed in the two 5x3 card
index drawers, behind alphabetical
guides which may be supplemented by
subject guides if desired.

To find all the catalogues of a certain
line of goods it is a simple matter to
open the index drawer by makers' names,
and glance behind the alphabetical guide
under which the principal part of the
maker's name comes. On this card will
be found the drawer letter, and com-
partment number where the catalogue
or catalogues will be found, or if you
want to turn up all the catalogues of
makers of one article, such as coated
paper, the cards with the names of the
different makers will all be found in one
place in the subject file.

Eig. 5 is a detailed view of the in-
terior of one of the drawers in this cata-
logue cabinet. The numbers are stamped
on the partitions above the compart-
ments.

CHANGE OF RATE CARD.

The following card is useful for in-
forming the proper parties about a
change in rate in the machining opera-
tions of certain castings. If a new
pattern is made necessitating a change
in price the card is filled out similar
to the one shown.

The foreman fixes the price and sends
it to the superintendent for approval.

FORM 2S0.
NAME

lgsprlca for "

MACHINE

PL /<£ /?

Above Piece frorr

LAL

lJSl

per 100

For these reasons, viz :

71*4.0 ^faCfcfcv^

Work on above piece corresponds to work on Piece No.

^?jf Irn^^isKj

/? s?

Foreman Dept.

Tn

X? & /f- supt. /^K*^s ' v)fO

NOTED <^ ,. Tlm.-ko.p.r /TCtf^t- 19/<) (3^/8 ,f. Co«t-k..p.r /fr+V igf Q

Change of Rate Card.

which it will most conveniently fit is
determined, and a gummed sticker is
affixed to the front cover of the cata-
logue. See Fig. 3. The two index cards
are then written out for the catalogue,
one with the subject, and the other the
maker's name. See Fig. 1. The drawer
number and the compartment number
are placed on the maker '9 card in the
upper right hand corner. On the sub-
ject cards the drawer number, compart-
ment number and page number on which
each article in the catalogue will be
found are placed on the right hand side

If satisfactory he initials it and passes
it to the time-keeper who makes a note
of it passing the card to the cost de-
partment -where it is filed for refer-
ence.

This card is used in machine shop,
erecting shop, wood shop, foundry and
in the various departments where work
is done on a piece work basis.

R. B. Angus, of the Montreal Steel
Works, has been appointed president
of the Bank of Montreal, in place of
Sir George Drummond.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers* Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

SLOTTING BAR.
By H. Howard.

The bar shown in the accompanying
sketch was designed by the writer for
a 32 inch slotting machine, which he
operated for some four years in Eng-
land.

1 is the bar, 6-inch in diameter, at-
tached to the slotting machine ram ; 2,

#

lb

r<

u

o

V1

Slotting Bar.

by the bar holder ; 3, the latter two
being held together by two lj-inch
bolts. Adjustment of the bar was per-
mitted by adjusting the set-screw 5, the
weight of the bar being held up during
the setting period by the collar 4. 6 is
the tool holder held in the cut out bar
by the pin 7, and capable of allowing
the tool holder to turn slightly on the
up-stroke, against the spring 8. The
tool itself is held in the tool-holder by
set screws 9, as shown, the tool being
first put in its holder, and the latter
slipped into the bar. An eye bolt 10,
at the top of the bar, makes the re-
moval of the bar an easy matter.

As shown, the bar has only two tools,
while as originally made it had three,
designed to slot a complete set of mar-
ine crank webs in one operation. The
6 webs being set up in pairs, a set of
2-ineh parallels were placed between
each pair, so that a complete set could
be machined in one operation with the
same expenditure of time as for a pair.

As the bar is round, it may be ad-
justed as desired to suit the work, re-
quiring no adjustment of the machine
ram which is usually difficult to move.

INSERTED TOOTH REAMERS.

The London Machine Tool Co., Ham-
ilton, have an especially good inserted
looth reamer that they use in their own
works, one which was devised by their
foreman toolmaker. Fig. 1, gives an
idea of its construction.

Essentially, it consists of a machinery
steel body, milled to receive inserted
high speed steel blades, the latter held in
position as shown, by countersunk cap
screws, engaging with a notch in the

solid type, with the exception of the ad-
justable feature. The same rule regard-
ing the number of blades is used. The
recesses in which the blades fit, however,
tapers at an angle of 10 degrees, while
the cut-out for the cap screw in evidence
in the solid type, is replaced by a cor-
responding groove, parallel with the bot-
tom of the blade recess. This is shown
in the end view of one of the blades at
A. The upper end of the shell of ma-
chinery steel is threaded, small pitch,
and has two knurled nuts, the inner one
of which cupped at an angle of 60 de-
grees, and fits against the similarly fixed
ends of the blades. By loosening the
tightening cap screws, and turning the

Fig. 1.— Inserted Tooth Reamers.

side of the blades. The beauty of the
construction lies in the fact that stand-
ard bar stock may be used in the blades.
When new, they are screwed down and
ground to the desired size, which is
J inch larger than the body, allowing
1-16 inch clearance all around. When re-
giinding becomes necessary, paper pack-
ing, or when that is not enough, tin foil,
and even sheet tin may be us-iJ. as
much as 1-16 inch wear being permis-
sible before new blades are required.

A standard construction has beet,
adapted. In sizes up to 2 inches, 6

inner knurled nut adjustment of the
reamer is very readily made and locked
by the outer nut, making adjustment
for re-grinding an easy matter.

The principle of the construction is
excellent as is evidenced by the number
of reamers of this type and of the solid
type, in actual service at these works.

CENTRING DEVICE FOR BORING.

The C.P.R. shops, West Toronto, use
a neat little scheme for rapidly align-
ing a connecting-rod, or side-rod, end
for re-boring.

The end of the rod is placed on par-
allel strips on the mill table, and the
height of the overhanging end adjusted

Fig. 2.— Inserted Tooth Reamer.

blades are used; while over 8 blades are
required. Under 1J inches the blade
stock is J" x I"; while over 1J inches,
it is 3-16" x |". The cap screws are
10-24, their axis passing slightly to the
left of the centre of the reamer, so as to
clear the bottom of the blade.

Fig. 2 shows an adaption of the same
principle to an adjustable shell reamer,
much the same in construction as the

Centering Device for Boring.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

St

until the rod is level, when the boring-
bar is placed in position. On this
boring bar A, is a tapered drum B, free
to slide on it, and capable of being set
in any position by a set-screw, so that
when centring the job, the boring bar
with tool in position need not be dis-
turbed. This drum B is lowered into
the hole and the job adjusted until it
touches all around the drum, signifying
that it is now located centrally. When
the job may be bolted down. The drum
B can then be lifted up out of the way
and set, while the job is being bored.

Very rapid work can be done in this
way, and while it is used on this class
of work, the principle could be applied
to other work equally well.

FEEDS AND SPEEDS.

No arbitrary standard of cutting
speeds and feeds per revolution or per
inch can be established for drills. Not
only do the physical and chemical char-
acteristics of the material being drilled
affect the proper rate of drilling, but
the strength and condition of the drill-
ing machine and the shape and degree
of sharpness of the drill point also have
great influence ; therefore, much must
be left to the judgment of the mechanic.
The following table, prepared by the
Celfor Tool Co., Buchanan, Mich., will
serve as a guide for Celfor drills under
average conditions. In many cases, if
the drilling machine is strong and ac-
curate, and the drill is sharp, rates for
above those given in this table may be
obtained in regular practice. In tests,
our men frequently attain to double
and treble the rates given in this table.

The necessity for careful and frequent
grinding to secure economical and sat-
isfactory results in the use of our drills
must be emphasized. The point should
be reduced to proper thickness by grind-
ing it evenly on each side, and the two
cutting edges should have the proper
angle, the proper clearance, and should
be precisely alike ; that is to say, the
point of the drill should be absolutely
symmetrical.

Any drill which is run too fast will
burn on the corners. The maximum
safe cutting speed, in general, is inde-
pendent of the rate of feed, but in hard
materials drills will burn at smaller
feeds (at the same speed) than in soft
materials. The following table is laid
out for a cutting speed of 100 feet per
minute in cast iron, 60 to 80 feet per
minute in medium steel, and 40 to 60
feet per minute in hard steel. The tor-
sional strength of the larger drills will
permit of far greater feeds than those
given in this table, but due regard has
been given to the capacity and rigidity
of available drilling machinery in con-
structing this table, the object being to
give practical, rather than theoretical
figures.

It is essential to keep the drill point
properly shaped and sharp in order to
give best results. Sharp drills econom-
ize time, power and drills, and drill bet-
ter holes.

ROUNDING ENDS OF PINS.

By Herbert E. Chittenden.

Having a batch of 100,000 button-
head pins to form to a nicely rounded
point' it was necessary to devise some

quick way for doing the work. Our
chamfering machine is a home product,
being made from the bed of a single-
head threading machine fitted with a
sliding head operated by a foot treadle
and driven by a cone pulley. The head,
as is seen by Fig. 1, is fitted with
formed cutters, which can be ground on
the end and adjusted to position by the
fillister-head screws shown.

To make the cutters we saw them to
length from a bar of I square Novo
steel, put them in the slots in the head,
fasten on the steel plate (shown in sec-
tion 1) by means of three 5-16 counter-
sunk screws, put a piece of $ round

Toois pot Rounding Ends of Pinj

tool steel, which has been turned and
fluted to the shape of the point of the
finished pin, in the drill press and drill
down in the blank cutters the depth re-
quired. Then we take out the cutters
and shape them down their full length
to the shape formed by the drill.

The vise is of the ordinary threading-
maohine pattern and is bolted to the
bed, but can, of course, be shifted to
various positions to accommodate
different lengths of stock. The vise is
fitted with cast-steel jaws, as shown by
Fig. 2. The eccentric gripping lever is
made from f round tool steel and fluted
similar to a pipe wrench. Any turning

CAST IRON OP AVERAGE QUALITY

MEDIUM STEEL.

HARD OR VERY TOUGH STEEL

DRILL
SIZE

R. P. M.

FEED

R. P.H.

FEED

R. P. M.

FEED

Inches per rev.

Inch as per

min.

Inches per

Rev.

luchex per

min.

Inches per rev.

Inches p«r

min.

i

1500

010 to .015

15 to

23

1200

008

to

.012

9 to

14

600 to 900

006. to .008

3i to

6

I

1000

012 " .020

12 "

20

800

008

M

.012

6 "

9

400 " 660

..006 " .008

2i "

5

1

750

.015 " .025

n "

19

600

010

II

.015

6 "

9

300 " 460

.008 " .010

2 "

4i

I

600

.015 " .025

9 "

15

500

.010

(4

.015

5 "

8

220 " 360

.008 " .010

2 "

34

I

500

.018 " .030

9 "

15

400

.010

a

.020

4 "

7

200 " 300

.010 " .012

11 "

Si

I

440

.018 " .030

8 "

13

850

.010

"

.020

3 "

7

180 " 260

.010 " .012

It "

3i

1

380

.018 " .080

7 "

11

300

.010

II

.020

3 "

6

150 " 225

.010 " .015

li "

3

li

340

020 to .080

7 to

11

270

.015

to

.020

4 to

5i

140 to 200

.012 to .020

lito-

4

H

800

020 " .030

6 "

9

240

.015

"

.020

3i "

5

120" 180

.012 " .020

H "

3i

1,

275

.020 " .030

5i "

8

220

.015

..

.020

3 "

4i

110 " 165

.012 " .020

n "

3i

li

250

.020 " 035

5 !'

8

200

.015

U

.020

8 "

4

100 " 150

.012 " .020

u "

8

II

235

.020 " .035

5 "

8

185

.015

"

.020

21 "

3J

95 " 140

.012 '* .020

i "

2f

U

220

.020 " .035

4i "

7i

170

Ml

"

.020

2i "

a*

90 " 130

.012 » .020

i "

2i

li

205

.020 " .035

4 "

7

160

.015

..

.020

2i "

3

80 " 120

.012 " .020

i "

2i

2

190

.020 " .035

4 "

7

150

.015

II

.020

2i "

3

75 " 114

.012 " .020

i ."

2i

2*

180

020 to .040

3i to

7

HO

.020

to

.030

2i to

4

70 to 108

.012 to .020

*t*>

1

2}

170

020 " .040

3J "

7

130

.020

((

.080

2i "

4

65 " 102

.012 " .020

i "

2

21

165

020 " .040

3i "

61

120

.020

"

.030

24 "

3J

60 " 95

.012 '• .020

j "

2

2*

155

020 " .040

3 "

6

IIS ,

.020

M

.030

2i "

8i

60 " 90

.012 '• .020

» "

11

21

145

020 " .040

3 "

6

110

.020

((

.030

21"

*

55 " 85

.012 " .020

i "

u

21

140

.020 " .040

2* "

5i

108

.020

II

.080

2 "

31

55 " 80

.012 " .020

i "

If

2J

130 .

,020 " .040

2* •'

5

104

.020

U

.030

2 "

3

52 " 77

.012 " .020

i "

li

8

125

.020 " .040

2i "

5

100

.020

((

.030

2 "

3

50 " 75

.012 " .020

i "

H

52

of the pin serves to increase the grip of
the lever. This method has proved such
a success that the principle is being: ap-
plied to several other jobs of a similar
nature. — American Machinist.

WORM GEAR CUTTING.

Iu a large Canadian plant where the
elass of machinery manufactuiied re-
quires many worm gears, a different
method of production than that in com-
mon vogue is made use of.

The customary method of cutting
worm gears, is to attach to a dividing
head in a milling machine, and make the
first cut with an approximately shaped
milling cutter, and afterwards allow a
hob to run loosely in the roughed blank,
producing a finished gear in two opera-
tions.

The accompanying sketch shows the
simple device used by this firm. A is
bolted to the milling machine table, the
base fitting one of the grooves in the
table. Through the centre of this stand
A, passes a mandrel B, on which the
gear blank is placed. On the other end
of this shaft or mandrel B, is a worm
gear C, meshing into a worm D, on a
crosswise shaft, on the end of which is
a chain gear E. This chain gear is
driven from another chain gear on the
milling machine spindle, secured on the
spindle with the hob. The combinations
of gears, worms, etc., is so arranged
that through the train, the gear blank is
made to revolve at just the proper speed
for the hob.

The casting F is bolted to A, and is
so arranged as to permit of vertical dis-
placement, making possible various com-
binations of worms and gears at D and

CANADIAN MACHINERY

worm gear can be cut, absolutely true,
for the only chance for error lies in
the chain, which gives no trouble as the
Strain on it is practicality nil. This
method is used exclusively by the com-
pany before mentioned, and gives most
satisfactory results.

CALIPERING A FLANGE CASTING.
By K. Campbell.

One of the simplest ways of caliper-
ing over the flange of a casting is shown
in the accompanying illustration. The
calipers are set at an even distance on

Calipering Flange Casting.

the rule, sufficient to allow the calipers
to pass over the flange. In the illustra-
tion, the rule is set at two.

After carefully adjusting the calipers
to 2 inches, remove the calipers over
the flange and measure the opening of

Worm Gear Cutting.

JAW FOR GRIPPING WOOD.

Reference to Fig. 1 shows a peculiarly
outlined surface, intended for the grip-
ing face of a wood clutch in a wood-
working machine. First impressions
would seem to convey the difficulty of
producing such a surface, while in real-
ity the operation is very simple, the
finishing and grooving as shown being

C, respectively, as well as different chain
gear changes at E and on the spindle.
By these changes, and having a suitable
stock of gears, worms, etc., almost any

the calipers. By subtracting 2 from
the second measurement, the actual
thickness of the webb of the casting is
given.

dWoWoWoWoW0W0W4

nun

WMiMWmwi

Fig. 1.— Wood Grips.

all done in one operation. The surface
is covered with grooves about 1-16 in.
wide by 1-32-inch deep, making a good
gripping surface for the wood.

As already mentioned, the operation
is simple, it being all done in a verti-
cal miller, using an inserted tooth cut-
ter with 16 blades and 1-6 in. feed,
One of these inserted teeth is ground as
shown in Fig. 2, the projection cutting
the groove in the face of the plate. The
outer edge of the grooving tooth, and
all the other teeth do the plain finish-
ing of the surface, while back from these
cutting edges, once every revolution, a
circular groove is cut every 1-6 inches,
determined by the pitch. By continuing
the cut across the face, so that the
other side of the miller comes into the
surface, the grooves in the other direc-

cna

Fig. 2.— Wood Grips.

tion are formed. In order that these
grooves match at the centres, as
shown in Fig. 1, the projection as in
Fig. 2 must be at a radius that will
give a diameter in even inches or even
sixths of an inch. In this case, it is an
even 5 inch diameter.

This process gives a good grip at
low cost, as the plain operation of
machining takes nearly as long as the
completed job, the two being simultan-
eously done, with the exception of the
last little while that the back part of
the cutter is merely grooving.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

53

GnapianMachinery

& Manufacturing News^

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all usets of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rioity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-Presiden

H.V. TYRRELL, Toronto - - Business Manager

G. C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto - Managing Editor
F.C. D.WILKES, B.Sc, Montreal - Associate Editor

OFFICES :

CANADA

Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern

Townships Bank Bldg

Toronto 143-119 University Ave.

Phone Main 7324

Winnipeg, 511 Union Bank Building

Phone 372t5

F. R. Munro

British Columbia - Vancouver

H. Hodgson,

Room 21. Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street, E.C.

Phone Central 12960

E.J. Dodd

UNITED STATES

New York - - R. B. Huestis
1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-
ance and Trust Building
Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE

Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

31 his. Faubourg Montmartre,

Paris, France

SWITZERLAND

Zurich - Louis Woll

Orell Fussli & Co.

Cable Address:
Macpubco, Toronto. Atabek, London, Eng.

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Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will confer a
favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified at once of any
change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

September, 1910

No. 9

A CRY FOR BUSINESS MEN.

The National Council of Industrial Defence of the
United States are dissatisfied' with the legislators at Wash-
ington. They say there is not enough practical business
men among them and venture the opinion that "every
thinking man who reads" must recognize that they are
constantly building into the laws of the United States
"restrictions that bind the hands of our manufacturers
and control the decisions of our courts on questions in-
volving the relations of capital and labor."

Our experience in Canada is not of such an extreme
type. Justice is administered with equity. One reason
for this may be that our judges are not dependent upon
the whims of a fickle electorate for continuance in office.
Prejudices may at times influence them, but ulterior mo-
tives is not one of the sins that can be laid at their door.

But when it comes to a need of more business men
among those who make our laws, the conditions are much
the same in this country as in the United States.

Such business men's organizations as the Canadian
Manufacturers' Association find it necessary to watch very
carefully when the Federal and Provincial Parliaments are
in session that no legislation inimical to their interests
is allowed to slip through. All this costs money.

Sir Wilfrid Laurier, the Premier, and Mr. R. L. Borden,
the leader of the Opposition, have both expressed a desire
to see more practical business men in the House of Com-
mons. It is not, therefore, business men themselves alone
that recognize the need.

Possibly some time in the future there will be found
more successful business men who will be self-sacrificing

enough to give a due portion of their time and attention
to the affairs of the state. Until then it is futile to look
for much improvement in the businesslike qualities of our
legislators.

SAVING HEAT UNITS.

The saving of a little hot water which formerly went
to waste resulting in the saving of thousands of dollars
should make superintendents and manufacturers think
carefully of what the attention to seemingly minor things,
means. Allowing the hot drips from a heating system
to run into the drain loos likke a small thing, but is it?

If a plant is located on a water front try throwing a
bushel of coal into the water each day. Figure what the
waste will mean in a year. You will then have an idea
of the fuel that is being thrown away by hot drips being
fed into the sewer. Mr. Peiler's paper in this issue gives
a clear idea of what saving of waste means and it should
be perused with a great deal of interest.

MAN'S HUMANITY TO MAN.

It was with pleasure that Canadian Machinery read
the following announcement showing the interest of one
large corporation in its men:

J. R. Booth, two thousand of whose employes were
out of work for several days, owing to the closing of his
big lumber mill, through the strike, has announced that
every man will be paid for his lost time. A deputation
of employes waited on him at one o'clock this afternoon
to thank Mr. Booth, and the veteran lumberman was
cheered by the entire mill staff.

+■

TO INCREASE OUTPUT WITHOUT ENLARGING.

Sometime, perhaps, in the history comes to the man-
ager the question' of increased production. Ways and
means are considered and it is often decided that the only
way possible is to enlarge the plant. The next step is to
secure the necessary capital. To take it from the work-
ing capital is to cripple the productive end of the business.

If foremen, superintendents or managers will look care-
fully over their plant they will possibly find a way of
increasing production with the investment of very small
capital, as other companies have done. Machinery has
greatly improved, and by a few changes old machines can
be made to use high-speed steel and' thus increase the
output.

Another way is to increase the efficiency of the men.
This can be done by installing a bonus or premium system.
The men make higher wages and both men and' company
benefit by the arrangement.

In a boiler works in Ontario, about a year ago there
was little work, and a number of men were laid off. The
best mechanics were kept on, though there was not much
for them to do. They got into ihe habit of doing little
and manufacturing costs went up to a high figure. Then
business became brighter, men were taken on, but the
costs continued to soar. After a thorough examination
by the cost clerk, it was found that the men were work-
ing at a very low speed. On his recommendation boilers
were manufactured for stock, putting the men on piece-
work, and keeping them working at their former pace
before business had been slack. This increasing the
efficiency of the men had the expected result, of lowering
the costs to their normal amount.

There are few works in which there is not waste space.
A manager looking carefully over his plant can discover

54

CANADIAN MACHINERY

this. Then, by a little re-arranging of the machinery in
the shops additional space is available.

Jigs and templets assist in the rapidity and accuracy
of production. Where there are a number of duplicate
parts, a carefully made jig or templet will ensure rapid
machining, such as drilling, etc., and if the jigs and tem-
plets are taken care of they will last for many years.

A great number of other points could be brought to
the attention of the manager, such as installing new ma-
chines with greater capacity, replacing heavy cast iron
with wood split pulleys, studying the question of bear-
ings, etc. All these changes may be made without spend-
ing a cent for new buildings. There are probably many-
other things about a plant which will only 'be revealed
by a critical examination. In this way the capacity of a
plant may be increased from ten to forty per cent., some
changes giving a greater increase of production than
others.

Of course, we do not mean to say that new buildings
should not be erected, nor should additions be made. We
have only tried to point out how increased production
may be obtained with a small investment, when the neces-
sary capital for a new plant is not available.

THE TECHNICAL PRESS AND TECHNICAL EDUCA-
TION.

At the present time, when the matter of technical
education is one of the subjects uppermost in the minds
of manj-, it seems an excellent opportunity to draw at-
tention to the wonderful assistance the technical press
has afforded technical education in bringing it to its pres-
ent developed state.

The commission appointed by the Government has
been looking into the educational matter, and on then-
trip so far through the Maritime Provinces, have accum-
ulated much information, reports of which appear in the
daily press. Canadian Machinery has endeavored to keep
abreast of this want for further knowledge along these
lines, as is instanced by a description of one of the most
progressive schools in the United States — the Cleveland
Technical School — given in the August number; and in
this issue appears an article on the technical course at
the Manitoba Agricultural College.

Coming to the point of relationship between technical
education and the technical press, a very little considera-
tion will show that the latter has been probably the most
potent factor in the agitation that is being felt all over
the world — for more complete education for the working
man, along the lines of his daily work, rather than going
to the opposite extreme of educating with the professional
idea in view as has been customary till quite recently.

The technical paper in its present form is a compar-
atively recent innovation. Its scope is very wide, reaching
representative men in every trade. As most of the
articles given are not gotten up on the spur of the mom-
ent, as with the daily paper, the element of error liable
to enter is eliminated to a great extent, with the result
that the technical paper has gained a reputation for
veracity and reliability, built up largely by the fact that
most of the articles are written by experts in their line.
Thus, a power has been created. Information obtained
as it has been, at regular intervals, has created a desire
for more complete knowledge. This is stimulated by the
appearance from time to time of articles containing more
than the usual amount of mathematical theory, develop-

ed to deduce some practical result. The mechanic, read-
ing this, feels his lack of education along this line, and
out goes the cry for assistance — for lessons in fundament-
al engineering. Some papers have attempted to meet this
demand themselves, with varying degrees of success, for
the majority of papers have new subscribers adding to
their number constantly, so that anything like consecu-
tive work is difficult to obtain. Still further have these
attempts stimulated the desire. This is witnessed in
the United States, the Mecca for technical papers, where
the agitation for more technical education lias been very
strong, resulting in the foundation of many such schools —
the Cleveland school affording an example.

From this it can be seen that the technical press has
been creating this desire — unwittingly to a large extent —
and this desire fortunately has taken, and is taking, ac-
tion, as witnessed by the constant agitation for it in the
daily press.

LIGHTING THE MACHINE SHOP.

That men should have light to work with on dark
days is conceded. But why give him a candle, if for a
few cents more you can save his eyesight, add to his
comfort, make him more efficient, and save money on the
running cost of the light?

When one considers the number of working hours in
which production is dependent either wholly or in part
on artificial light, it is surprising that more superintendents
and manufacturers of industrial plants do not take pro-
per interest in the subject of illumination, and the higher
standard of lighting installed in some workshops.

If a workman has poor tools, poor work is a direct
sequence; therefore, give him proper light with which to
work. By taking care of the employes, their productive
efficiency is increased. Man dislikes a gloomy room. On
the other hand, he likes the cheerful effect of the bright-
lyrlighted shop, and proprietors, superintendents and man-
agers would do well to investigate the modern scientific
svstern of illumination.

A GROWING REVENUE.

For the first four months of the present fiscal year
Canada's revenue shows an increase of $5,625,148 over
the corresponding period of last year. For the same
period the expenditure on revenue account increased by
$1,258,651. while the capital expenditure decreased by
$631',884, leaving a net betterment of over five millions.

For the four months the total revenue has been $35,-
365,490, the customs receipts totaling $23,005,748. or
$5,087,918 better than last year. The expenditure on the
consolidated fund account has been $22,044,077, and on
capital account $5,797,337.- The excess of receipts over
the total expenditure ha9 been $7,804,025. Indications
point to a surplus this year of revenue over all ordinary
expenditure even larger than last year's record surplus
of $22,000,000. For the month of July the revenue total-
led $9,320,586, an increase of $883,148 over July of last
year. Expenditure on consolidated fund account increased
by $1,242,290, and on capital account by $232,380.

The net public debt of the Dominion at the end of
the month was $328,615,687.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

BELT LACING

By James E. Noble.

Wire lacing for belts is extremely
good, as it has numerous advantages
over other types, viz., elasticity, belt
can be laced quickly, practically noise-
less operation, and small cost, for con-
sidering everything, it costs less than
most lacings.

In lacing with wire it is a good idea
to insure the ends of the wire being

A Good Joint for Small Belts on small Pulleys
at High Speeds, but All Right Anywhere.

forced into the belt, as otherwise a
cut hand might result should an at-
tempt be made to shift the belt by
hand.

The ordinary rawhide lace is also
good. A favorite method of lacing with
rawhide is the hinge-joint ; for joints
of this nature have been known to run
for several years without trouble. An-
other wrinkle, when putting up new
belts, is to have a short intervening
piece at the joint. After a few days
operation, the belt will have attained
such a slackness that the piece may be
removed, and the belt will be then
found to be at the correct tension.

It is said that a tension of 35 pounds
per inch, exclusive of load, is quite
sufficient to prevent belt slipping or
creeping as it is sometimes called. A
belt might run with practically no slip
with a light load, and yet slip con-
siderably with a heavy one, if the ten-
sion were not correct.

Much belt trouble is occasioned by
the use of pulleys too narrow for their
belts. In many cases, the pulley is ex-
actly the same width as the belt. This
should not be ; the pulley should be
wider than the belt whenever possible.

More caution should be exercised in
the use of many of the so-called "belt
dressings," which are often home-made
mixtures of castor-oil and resin or
some such combination. No matter
how slack, dirty, greasy, wet, etc., a
belt may be, use dope, appears to be
the watch-word of most engineers. If
the belt is large enough, and hugs the
pulley closely, there should be very lit-
tle slip. A simply experiment shows
this. Wash and dry your hands thor-
oughly, and slide them along a smooth

polished surface, such as glass, and it
will be noticed that the drag is con-
siderable. A belt behaves similarly. If
it is clean and large enough to carry
the load, and if the tension is correct,
no belt dope should be required. Of
course, a little belt dressing to keep
the belt soft and pliable, is essential,
but it should be a dressing made by
a reliable firm.

REPAIRING BOILER TUBES.

In the method of repairing boiler
tubes, as done at the C.P.K. shops,
West Toronto, there are several fea-
tures of 'particular interest, which are
worthy of note.

In old boilers, the tube ends some-
times become so rusted and corroded,
that they must be removed, the ends
cut off, and new ones welded on. As a
large number of tubes require this treat-
ment, several labor-saving devices have
been improvised at the shops with the
object of reducing expense, and at the
same time improving the quality of the
work.

In many shops where new ends are
welded on, it is quite customary to
merely expand the end, introduce the
new piece, and weld in that position,
without tapering the ends to fit each

released, the piston resumes its initial
position again by the spring expanding.
The make -shift construction of the
lathe is interesting. It is formed of
2 — 7"x7" scantlings, on which are at-
tached several wrought iron straps for
securing the cylinder, etc. The reamer

Fig. 2.— Repairing Boiler Tubes.

has a square shank which works in
square holes in the cross-sectioned cross-
pieces, which prevent it turning. The
tubes are rapidly reamed by this me-
thod, a greater pressure being given
than if fed by hand.
When ready to be welded, the two

>

^fel

"It

Ef%=fd

f

=Q

^9

TO CVt.lW»«~-

Fig. 1.— Repairing Boiler Tubes.

other. This method, owing to the
sharp ends coming on the flat of the
other part of the tube, always leaves a
seam around the tube, which tends to
weaken it, often producing fracture.
The C.P.R. always ream out the end of
the tube with a taper reamer to a
sharp edge at the end, and the new end
is tapered down similarly to fit in.

In reaming out the ends, an impro-
vised machine, Fig. 1, is used, unique
in some respects. Essentially it is a
late, the original idea being the feed,
which consists of an air cylinder which
shoves forward the reamer. Air is con-
trolled by a two-way valve, which al-
lows air out another passage as desired
to a piece of rubber hose, used to blow
the chips away. When the cylinder is

parts are placed together, and shoved
into a furnace as in Fig. 2. The heat
has a tendency to loosen the pieces
which were lightly placed together, so,

Fig. 3. — Repairing Boiler Tubes.

if removed when heated without pre-
cautions, they would probably part. A
single expedient prevents this. When
ready to remove, a tread A, some 4 or

56

CANADIAN MACHINERY

5 feet back from the furnace, is pressed
which slides bar B in its guides, the
plate on the end striking the short
piece of tube sharply, driving it fur-
ther into the tube to be repaired, for
the pieoes are soft from the intense
heat. This act in itself practically
welds the pieces together, as well as
doing what was originally intended, i.e.
preventing the pieces falling apart be-
fore welding.

Fig. 4. — Repairing Boiler Tubes.

The welding is done under a quickr
acting air hammer, the tube "being
slipped over a mandrel during the oper-
ation. The process insures a very near-
ly perfect joint, without mark, the size
of the pipe being but slightly below the
standard.

Before putting into the boiler the
back end must be expanded slightly so
as to fit the tube sheet better. For-
merly, this was done as in Fig. 3, by
first heating the end of the tube for
about an inch, and driving the tube up
on a tapered pin, by a couple of men
swinging back and forth onto the pin,
driving it further each swing till ex-
panded the proper amount, a very slow
job.

Fig. i shows the method used now
for expanding the end. As before, the
end is heated, but with the difference
that it is now placed on a mandrel,
tapered at one end, and under an air
hammer. The oscillations set up in the
pipe by the quick acting hammer strik-
ing the cold part, back from the heat,
causes the end to swell, the operation
being practically instantaneous, the
blows being so rapid. The method is
very much quicker and better than the
old way, and the production is greatly
increased.

DISINFECTION OF RAILWAY CARS.

The running of a railroad in Germany
is evidently accompanied with unpleas-
antness, if one may judge from the ac-
companying photograph. The Potsdam
shops, which are responsible for the
proper maintenance of rolling stock, have
been confronted with the difficult task
of disinfecting the cars. It seems that
the coaches which return from Russia
are literally a-swarm with vermin. Even

after the cars had been cleaned with
true Teutonic thoroughness, there was
still the possibility that living disease
germs might lurk in the walls and hang-
ings. It was therefore the practice for
some years to take down all the uphol-
stery, curtains, etc., and to clean every-
thing thoroughly. Naturally, the expense
involved was heavy, and the cars were
withheld from service for a consider-
able time. Moreover, there was also the
danger of infesting the shops and other
cars.

The problem seems to have been suc-
cessfully solved by Julius Pintsch, who
applied to the railway car a principle of
disinfection which has been successfully
employed on vessels. His disinfecting
apparatus consists of an iron cylinder
built up of cast iron annular sections,
of 16 feet internal diameter. The in-
side length is about 72 feet. The cylin-
der is so stoutly constructed that it can
easily support without deformation a 30-
ton car.

During disinfection the air within the
cylinder is considerably rarefied by a
pump, and as a result the outer air ex-
ercises a pressure of about 1,900 tons on
the disinfecting cylinder. Since the ap-
paratus is heated during disinfection, al-
lowance has to be made for expansion.

feet is employed to make the closure
hermetic. Huge bolts hold the closure,
gasket and cylinder together. Steam
is Mown into the interior of the cylinder.
Two hundred and fifty steam pipes line
the interior of the cylinder, all receiv-
ing their supply from the main pipe. The
total length of all these pipes is about
1| niles. In order to heat the air with-
in the cylinder quickly and uniformly,
two blowers are set in motion, so that
all tie air is brought in contact with
the heating tubes. Even during the cold-
est weather the temperature within the
cylinder can be raised to 140 deg. F.,
in from one to two hours. In order to
heat an entire coach to this temperature,
about five hours is required. After the
car has reached the proper temperature,
the air is pumped out of the cylinder
until a vacuum of 70 to 74 centimeters
of mercury under the normal pressure is
obtained. At this atmospheric pressure
water will boil at 104 deg. F. Hence all
moisture is evaporated from the car
without injuring the parts by the ex-
cessive heat. In no other way is it pos-
sible to kill vermin effectually. The up-
holstery, curtains, hangings, etc., are not
in the least injured.

For very special purposes the cars
may be disinfected with formaldehyde

Sealing Cylinder With Two-ton Gasketed Closure Before
Turning on Steam to Disinfect Car.

Exhausting Air and

Hence the cylinder is mounted upon
rollers, so that the apparatus can yield
to an extent of about three-quarters of
an inch in length, which is the amount
of expansion.

Before it is run into the cylinder, all
the windows and transoms of the cat
are opened. By means of a crane a
two-ton closure is brought against th>
open end of the cylinder. A rubber gas-

gas. At the very first attempt, a car
was thoroughly purged of vermin. To
make assurance doubly sure, and to test
the efficacy of this formaldehyde disin-
fecting method, a glass vessel full of
the living insects had been purchased
from a professional vermin-exterminator
in Berlin. This vessel was placed in the
ear and covered with cotton and linen.
The insects were all killed.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

CINCINNATI CONE DRIVEN
MILLER.

Some of the milling work in every
shop is light and can therefore be done
on a modern cone driven miller as fast
and as accurately as on the more highly-
developed single pulley type of machine.
It follows therefore, that the cone
driven machine is the most economical
one to use on such work.

There is of course a recognized field
for the heavy and powerful single pulley
type of machine, but this does not in
any way restrict the field of usefulness
of the cone driven machine.

That these facts are thoroughly ap-
preciated by the Cincinnati Milling
Machine Co. is evidenced by their hav-
ing redesigned their entire line of cone
driven millers. The illustrations here-
with show the more important im-
provements that have been made. The
column is very similar to the column
used on their line of high power ma-
chines. It is a symmetrical box sec-
tion, having straight lines and large
enough to contain the entire feed drive
mechanism.

The feed changes are all obtained from
a single group of mechanism which is

mounted in the column at a point high
above the floor, bringing all the levers
within easy reach, and the index in
plain sight, of the operator.

The inside of this mechanism is
shown in Fig. 2. It is a single unit,

Fig. ".—Feed Change Mechanism.

assembled complete by men who are
specialists on this work and when plac-
ed in the column, it becomes an integral
part of the machine. It provides 16
changes of feeds, from .007 to .300 per

revolution of cutter, and all these
changes are obtained by means of the
12 gears shown between the two hous-
ings in Fig. 2.

The keynote of the entire design is
simplicity coupled with handiness in
operation. The drive is direct from the
face gear which meshes with gear A.
Power is transmitted through the
change gears to the gear "B" which
drives the universal joint shaft.

The outside of the box, showing the
lever arrangements and the feed index,
are shown in Fig. 3. All of the sixteen
feed changes are obtained by the three
levers shown. The position is clearly-
indicated by letters and figures. The
feed index, mounted immediately above
the levers, is of the same simple form
that is used by this company on their
line of high power machines. There is
no chance for confusion, because the
exact lever positions are plainly given
below the figures representing each one
of the feed rates, and all that is left
for the operator to do is to move the
levers to these positions.

The most striking feature of this de-
sign is the tumbler construction. This
tumbler is made in the form of a cylin-
der of large diameter which supports
the tumbler shaft and gear, and is it-
self supported in the frame of the feed
box. This construction obviates all
bending of the tumbler shaft, as well
as all vibration in the tumbler.

Fig. 1. — Cincinnati Cone Driven Miller.

Fig. 3.— Outside ot Feed Box.

The tumbler operating lever projects
through a hole in the feed box in the
usual way, but this opening is com-
pletely closed at all times by the tum-
bler, thus thoroughly protecting the in-
side mechanism from dust.

The cone driven miller is manufactur-
ed by the Cincinnati Milling Machine
Co., Cincinnati.

58

CANADIAN MACHINERY

MOTOR DRIVEN DRY GRINDER.

The accompanying picture shows an
example of the extreme simplicity very
often obtainable with direct motor
driven machines. While the equipment
possesses all the advantages inherent
with the use of electricity in this class
of service, its most striking features are
its space economy and that it is en-
tirely self-contained.

The equipment, with the exception of
the motor, is made by the Springfield

Motor Driven Dry Grinder.

Mfg. Co., Bridgport, Conn., and is
known as their "Type 1>M Dry Grind-
er." The wheels are 24 inches in diame-
ter by 4-inch faces and are driven by a
Westingihouse CCL induction motor.
The motor shaft is special, being ex-
tended at each end to carry a grinding
wheel. The regular motor bearings are
omitted and the shaft turns in special
self-oiling bearings two inches in dia-
meter by eight inches long. The sup-
ports for these bearings are cast solid
with the grinder base.

annealed, rehobbcd or retempered, and
their life is much greater than that of
the usual type. The sharpening of the
die is taken care of by grinding on the
ends of the chasers and again setting
them to the correct cutting position in
the holders by means of a small gauge
furnished with your die head.

The heads are made in standard sizes
to take work up to and including 4 in.
One of the groat advantages in this die
for threading pipe is the fact that one
set of dies will cut all the diameters
coming within the same pitch. As' there
is but one pitch covering the sizes
from 1-inch to 2-inch inclusive one set
of dies covers this range. The same is
true on the other pitches.

The small cut shows one of the hold-
ers used on pipe for threading where it
is not necessary to cut very close to a
shoulder. The clamp with which this
chaser is held is what is known as their
mill clamp, which besides holding the
chaser rigidly protects the chaser in
case the pipe splits which very fre-
quently happens. The clamp as shown
in the cut comes down over the throat
of the die and is rounded out near the
cutting point so as to act as a guide
for rough ends, and at the same time
protecting the die in such manner that
the liability to breakage is very small.
In cases of threading close to a should-
er, a clamp is used which comes flush
with the front edge of the chaser only,
thus permitting the die to run close up
against the shoulder as in threading
short nipples, etc.

This new type of die admits of greater
cutting speeds than the hobbed type
and the rake can at all times be ground
to suit the quality of the material in
the pipe to be threaded.

The heads are graduated for sotting
the dies to the different diameters to
be threaded. The head is opened and
closed by hand and when in the closed
position the die is rigidly locked, but
opens and closes freely by means of the
lever.

The advantages in this head lie in the
life of the dies, the higher cutting
speeds that can be obtained, and the
flexibility of the die to the different
qualities of material to be threaded.

n

Holder for the Stationary Die Head.

All dies are made interchangeable
and if one chaser of a set should be
worn out in advance of the others this
single chaser can be replaced without
replacing the entire set. Dies of any
one pitch will interchange on any of the
die heads so long as the pitch is within
the range of the head.

STATIONARY DIE HEAD FOR PIPE
THREADING.

The illustrations given herewith show
a stationary die head for pipe thread-
ing as manufactured by the Landis
Machine Co., Waynesboro, Pa., using
the Landis type of die with a manually
operated die head.

This head is made especially for use
on pipe threading machines wherein the
pipe revolves and the head remains sta-
tionary, the dies being opence" and
closed by hand. The head is made en-
tirely of steel as are also the die hold-
ers. The head can be mounted on the
carriage of any of the standard pipe
machines and can be handled in the
same manner as the other styles of
heads, but has the advantage of the
long life die as illustrated herewith.

The chaser for these die heads can be
made to good advantage from high
speed steel, as they never require to be

Stationary Die Head for Pipe Threading.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

PIPE PATTERN.
By F. S. C.

As a practical knowledge of molding is
necessary to enable a patternmaker to in-
telligently make patterns, I am giving
my reasons for stating that patterns are
best made as here described.

Pipe patterns from the small gas pipe
fitting to the largest iron sewer or drain
pripe, arc, perhaps, the most common
patterns required of the patternmaker.

Fig. 1 a.— Pipe Patterns.

An enumeration or description of all the
ways by which different pipes can be
made would take too much space, so will
be dispensed with in this article.

The small gas pipe fittings have been
made in past years from gated brass
patterns on follow boards and molding
machines using cores made in multiple
core boxes, where required. The more
modern way of making these or any other
small or moderate-sized castings in quan-
tities, is by means of iron molds. These
molds are like large core boxes, made
to suit the shape of the outside of the
casting required, and are hinged and
locked with a convenient and rapid-lock-
ing attachment. These molds must be of
sufficient thickness of iron (not less than
3 inches) to prevent it becoming hot
and sticking to the casting while being

«_

Fig. 1 b.— Pipe Patterns.

made. The gate is made to run down
the parting so that when the mold is open
the gate and easting required will drop
out. Castings made in these molds are
not chilled, because the molds are heat-
ed before receiving the iron, and the
casting is dumped out before it becomes
chilled, as iron does not chill until after
it has become a solid easting.

In making patterns for what we might
term the common sizes of pipes, that is.
from 6-in. to 30-in. drain, there are a few

kinks worthy of notice. When building
up a pattern with staves, as shown in
Fig. 1 (a), if it is not possible to saw
them with the circular saw, to the correct

v»J/»»»/;/w»s;.w/m

UJ/IUiJ/VZJJJJA

Fig. 1 h. — Pipe Patterns.

bevel necessary at b, a very convenient
and rapid way as to bevel a piece of
wood, as shown at e, Fig. 1. (b), and
fasten the staves to it by means of pinch
dogs, as shown at dd, when then can be
conveniently planed off across the dotted
line ef, and then reversed for the other
edge. If the staves are required to be
concaved at g to fit round heads or ends,
a good way is to run them across the
circular saw, as shown at h, Fig. 1, using
a crosscut saw and having the saw guard
set at an angle, as shown at i, Fig. 1.

Fig. 1 i. — Pipe Patterns.

To make a strong and serviceable pipe
pattern of approximately two feet dia-
meter, it is best to make the heads of
two layers of pine, crossing the grain,
as shown at (a), Fig. 2. This prevents
any chance of them warping out of the
circular form. The flanges are best built
up of two or three layers of segments
and bound on the outside by %-in. band
iron. This prevents breakage if struck

Fig. 2 a. — Pipe Patterns.

by thi* rammer in the foundry. The core

print should! be turned to leave a fillet
at c, Fig. 2, which prevents the sand

breaking away when drawing the pat-
tern, and also obviates any risk of crush-
ing the sand into the mold when put-
ting in the core.

A pattern for a pipe, as shown in Fig.
3, may be made in several different ways.
When the diameter of the pipe is small
enuugh to permit of 'being made solid
without having the pattern too heavy,
the branches may be joined lo the main
pipe if they are both of the same dia-

Fig. 2 b.— Pipe Patterns.

meter by sawing a piece out of the main
pipe at an angle of 45 degrees, and mak-
ing the branches to suit, as shown at c.
'Fig. 3; or, if the branch is smaller, it
may be sawed by means of two pieces
temporarily mailed on, as shown at d,
Fig. 3, so that the branch may be band-
sawed to fit main pipe. First a piece
of 1-in. stuff should be sawed to fit
around branch pipe, as shown by lines
between e, f, g, h, the distance from the

Fig. 3 a.— Pipe Patterns.

centre of pipe to the line gh being equal
to the radius of the flange on other end
of branch, as both will bear on the saw-
table when being sawed. The piece i,j
is sawn out, as shown at k to suit the
diameter of the main pipe e, f, g, h, the
lines ij being made parallel with the
line gh. These pieces being secured to

6o

CANADIAN MACHINERY

the branch, it can be sawn, using circle
at k as a guide, and secured to main
pipe without any further fitting.

The nest point of interest is the lower
branch part. The easiest way for the

Fig. 3 b.— Pipe Patterns.

patternmaker would be to leave the
flange lm loose over the core print, let-
ing the core print act as a dowel to cen-
tre it. But when a number of castings

/\

Fig. 3 c— Pipe Patterns.

are required, the best way is to make a
core box to produce a core the shape of
the dotted lines between n, o, p, q, Fig.
3, (b), having the flange in, and fitting
the pattern in centre, on the line. no.
This core is placed on the pattern, which

Fig. 3 d.— Pipe Patterns.

is niade as if there was no iia'i^e re-
quired on it, and the green sand is ram-
med around, holding core in place and
permitting pattern to draw as if it were
a straight piece.

A very successful picnic was held .':
short time ago when the Gartshore-
Thomson Pipe & Foundry Co.. Hamilton,
went to Niagara Falls, taking about
700 pleasure seekers. A tired but
happy crowd arrived home that night
after a most enjoyable day.

CHEMICAL STANDARDS FOR IRON

CASTINGS.

By John Jermain Porter.

Cast iron is a complex alloy of six
or more elements. The common ele-
ments are : Iron, carbon, silicon, sul-
phur, phosphorus, manganese ; and the
other elements sometimes present are :
copper, nickel, oxygen, nitrogen, alum-
inum, titanium and vanadium.

Iron occurs in three allotropic forms
known as alpha, beta and gamma,
whose properties differ greatly. Abso-
lutely pure iron is unsuitable for cast-
ings.

Carbon is the most important ele-
ment in cast iron. It exists in many
forms, all of which are included under
the two heads of graphite and combined
carbon.

There is still much doubt about the
iron-carbon diagram. Upton's construc-
tion is the most recent, and probably
nearest the truth. This diagram holds
only for very slow cooling, but gives us
a consistent basis of reasoning.

The total carbon is dependent upon
the temperature in the blast furnace,
the conditions of melting and the per-
centage of other metalloids.

Graphite weakens iron. The amount
depends upon the per cent, of total car-
bon, the rate of cooling, the per cent,
of silicon, the per cent, of sulphur, and
the per cent, of manganese. The nor-
mal graphite limits are shown by
equations.

Combined carbon hardens iron and
may increase or decrease the strength.
The amount depends upon the per cent,
silicon, the rate of cooling, the per
cent, sulphur and the per cent, man-
ganese.

The approximate effects of carbon are
shown diagrammatically.

Silicon exists io cast iron in the
form of silicides. Its chief effects are
through its' action on the carbon.

Increasing the silicon decreases the
total carbon because it replaces carbon
in the molten solution.

Increasing the silicon increases the
graphite because it replaces carbon in
the solid solution, the displaced carbon
being preceipitated as graphite.

Iron-carbon diagrams for commercial
cast irons containing 1, 2 and 3 p.c.
silicon are given and explained. The
theory of malleableizing and of Custer's
process are explained by these dia-
grams.

Phosphorus exists in cast iron as the
phosphide Fe-3 P which is insoluble in
the solid iron-carbon solution. It forms
a ternary eutectic containing 2 p.c. car-
bon, 6.7 p.c. phosphorus, and 91.3 p.c.
iron, which has a freezing point of 1740

deg. Fahr. Phosphorus decreases the
total carbon and the relationship is
shown by a diagram.

The net effect of 1 p.c. phosphorus is
to lower the temperature at which
freezing begins 50 deg. Fahr., lower the
temperature at which freezing ends 425
deg. Fahr., increases the temperature
range of solidification from 50 deg. to
375 deg. Fahr.

According to Upton, the effect of
phosphorus on carbon is to slightly in-
crease graphite and decrease total car-
bon.

Sulphur exists in cast iron as iron
sulphide and manganese sulphide.

Iron sulphide forms a eutectic with
iron melting at 1780 deg. Fahr. and in-
soluble in the solid iron-carbon solu-
tion. It therefore forms films between
the iron crystals and causes brittleness.
Manganese sulphide does not form
these films and is less detrimental. Man-
ganese has a greater affinity than iron
for sulphur and with enough manganese
all the sulphur will be in combination
with it.

Sulphur has a greater tendency to
segregate than any other constituent of
cast iron. This tendency is greatest
with manganese sulphide.

Sulphur tends to decrease graphite
and increase combined carbon. Upton's
explanation of this is given.

The presence of silicon decreases the
amount of sulphur which cast iron can
tahe up. Much sulphur reduces the
total carbon, and vice versa.

Manganese may exist in cast iron as
manganese sulphide or as manganese
carbide. According to Upton's theory,
manganese carbide does not exist but
the manganese is in the form of a solid
solution. This theory does not seem
satisfactory.

Manganese has little effect on the
melting point or composition of the
iron-carbon eutectic. . It strongly re-
tards the gamma to alpha transforma-
tion and thus tends to harden iron.

Manganese can neutralize sulphur and
will also remove dissolved oxide at high
temperatures as in the blast furnace.

Traces of copper are common in pig
iron. Its effects on cast iron are poorly
understood. In steel, copper increases
fluidity, hardness, and tensile strength,
and decreases ductility and ease of
forging. Cast iron will take up only
about 5 p.c. copper and this does not
affect the casting properties. Copper
accentuates the red-shortness due to
sulphur through the formation of the
ternary Fe-Cu-S eutectic. Copper pre-
vents a complete evolution of sulphur
in iron analysis.

Small amounts of niokel occur in
many pig irons. Its chief effect is to
lower the gamma-alpha transformation
temperature and to increase the graph-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

61

Acid Resisting Castings

.Ret

* 7.

42
»8l
Sug.

Silicon

Per cent

1.00

2.30

.80-2.00

Sulphur
Per cent
.050
low
.02-. 03

Mang.
Per cent

Phos.
Per cent

.50

.20 .41

.40-. 60 1.00-2.00

1.00-2.00 und. .05 und. .40 1.00-1.50

Comb. Total

Carb. Carb.

Per cent Per cent

3.00

3 . 60

3.00-3.50

3.00r3.50

und,

Acid Stills and Eggs — See Acid Resisting Castings.

Agricultural Machinery, Ordinary

64 2.20-2.80 und. .085 und. .70

2.65 .050 .81

2.25 .070 .70

2.10 .068 .73

2.00 .089 .89

Sug. 2.00-2.50 .06-. 08 .60-. 80

Agricultural Machinery, Very Thin

2.90 .050 .85

2.50 .080 .65

Sug. 2.25-2.75 .06-. 08 .70-. 90
Air Cylinders

64 1.20-1.50 und. .09 .35-. 60

1.90 .074 .50

1.12 .085 .40

.95 .100 .30

2.00 .070 .30

Sug. 1.00-1.75 und. .09 .30-. 50

Ammonia Cylinders

14 1.20-1.90 und. .095 und. .70

Sug. 1.00-1.75 und. .09 .30-. 50

Annealing Boxes, Pots and Pans

171 1.20 .060 .10

81 1.80 .03 .70

198 1.53 .04 .33

Sug. 1.40-1.60 und. .06 und. .20

Automobile Castings

1.80 .030 .50

1.65 .076 .45

2.35 .072 .60

Sug. 1.75-2.25' und. .08 .40-. 50

Automobile Cylinders

1.65
2.31
2.70
2.45
2.59
2.55
2.98
2.67
2.30
1.60
3.26
1.72
1.67
1.38
1.47
1.50
1.99
1.89
2.29
1.75-2.00

.076
.094
.053
.102
.083
.104
.047
.111
.084
.083
.159
.091
.068
.093
.075
.103
.130
.090
.090
.08

.40-

.45
.50
.46
.72
.57
.82
.89
.73
.81
.54
.93
.58

:44

.62
.13
.86
.65
.70
.83
.50

19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
Sug. 1.75-2.00 und.

Automobile Fly-wheels

2.35 :072 .60

3.10 .045 .35

Sug. 2.25-2.50 und. .07 .40-. 50

Balls for Ball Mills

196 1.00 .100 .30

Sug. 1.00-1.25 und. .08 und. .20

Bed Plates

2.20 .090 .55

1.32 .090 .40

1.65 .28

1.85 .080 .60

1.80-2.20 .04-. 06 .45-. 55

1.65-1.85 .070 .65-. 80

Sug. 1.25-1.75 und. .10 .30-. 50

Binders — See Agricultural Machinery

Boiler Castings

194 2.50 und. .07 und. .20

2.25 .060 .62

Sug. 2.00-2. 50 und. .06 und. .20

Brake Shoes

.70
.70
.80
.45
.46
.60-. 80

..70

.60

.50-. 70

.50-.80
.61

.70

.90

.60

.70-. 90

.60-. 80
.70-. 90

.40

.60

1.08

.60-1.00

.70

.6S

.70

.60-. 80

.65
.43
.23
.41
.47
.32
.27
.38
.52
.42
.44
.48
.82
.52
.60
.43
.39
.39
.60
.60-. 80

.70

.55

.50-. 70

.50

.60-1.00

I

.50

.60

.92

.55

.40-. 50

.60-.7S

.60-. 80

.80-1.0

.59

.60-1.0

I

95
64
57

Sug.

1.50
2.00-2.50
2.00-2.50
1.40-1.80

1.86
1.40-1.60

und.
und.
.06-

.08-

,15
15
OS
183

10

low

und. .70 und.

und. .70 und.

.50-. 80 .45-

1.93

.30 .50-

.70
.70
.60
.33
.70

.15
.30
.47
.50

.10
.30

.70
.80
.40

3.50
3.50
3.42
3.39

3.50
3.50

3.50
3.40

3.00-3.30

. . 3.00-3.30

.58

.60
.55

.40

.55
.51
.44
.41
.11
.09
.14
.10
.59
.66
.03
.62
.62
.76

2.90
3.68
low

3.50

3.35
3.02
3.47
3.35
3.04
3.19
3.24
3.35
3.75
2.87
2.52
3.91
3.61

.45 3.17

.77 3.34

.90 4.16

.55-. 65 3.00-3.25

.40
.'27

low
low

.72

.56 3.25-3.50

.40-. 50 3.40-3.60

/ 3.85

.40-. 65
1 .22

low

3.50
3.01
low

Car Castings, Gray Iron— :
64

Sug.

2.20-2.80

1.40-1.80

2.25

1.75

1.50-2.25

und.
.06-

und.

See also Brake Shoes and Car Wheels

085 und. .70 und. .70

.45-. 60 .40-. 65

.75

.60

.60-. 80

.50-

.80
.60

08

050
.070
,08 .40-. 60

Car Wheels, Chilled

51
171
171
171'
126

Sug.

50-. 70

.58-. 68

.73

.86

.70

.58

.57

.68

.67

.50-. 60

i.6b-.70

.05-,

.05-,

.08-
.08-

07

08

080

127

08

141

101

188

170

10

10

.35-. 45

.25-. 45

.43

.35

.50

.38

.41

.36

.38

.30-. 40

.30-. 40

.30-. 50

.15-. 27

.44

.49

.40

.48

.42

.53

.81

.45-. 55

.50-. 60

.50-. 75

.63-1.0

1.25

.92

.60

.90

3.50

*4*31

3.47
3.50
3.63

.74
.70-. 80
.60-. 80 3.50

3.66
3.50
-3.70

NOTE: "und." is abbreviated

Car Wheels, Unchilled — See Wheels

Chemical Castings — See Acid Resisting Castings
Chilled Castings

_ . Comb. Total

Ret. Silicon Sulphur Phos. Mang. Carb. Carb.

Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent

135 .80-1.00 .09-. 11 .50 .50 ..... .....

197 1.20-1.40 low low

69 1.00 .08 .40 .75 ..... 3.25

6S 1.35 .117 .60 .54 .65 3.00

.50 .200 .45 1.50 3.00 3.00

1.20 .090 .30 .50 1.20 3.20

1.20 .080 .30 1.25 3.50

.75 .090 .30 .30 3.00 3.20

Sug. .75-1.25 .08-1.0 .20-. 40 .80-1.2

Chills

105 2.07 .073 .31 .48 .23 2.64

Sug. 1.75-2.25 und. .07 .20-. 40 .60-1.0 .;.

Collars and Couplings for Shafting

1.60 .040 .55 .55 .30 3.57

Sug. 1.75-2.00 und. .08 .40-. 50 .60-. 80

Cotton Machinery — See also Machinery Castings

2.20-2.30 und. .09 .70 .60 .45 3.45

Sug. 2.00-2.25 und. .08 .60-. 80 .60-. 80

Crusher Jaws

135 .80-1.00 .09-.11 .50 .50

69 1.00 .080 .40 .75 3.25

' .50 .20 .45 1.50 3.00 3.00

Sug. .80-1.00 .08-. 10 .20-. 40 .80-1.2 .....

Cutting Tools, Chilled Cast Iron

65 1.35 .117 .60 .54 .65 3.00

Sug. 1.00-1.25 und. .08 .20-. 40 .60-. 80 •

Cylinders— See Air Cylinders, Ammonia Cylinders, Automobile Cylin-
ders, Gas Engine Cylinders, Hydraulic Cylinders, Locomotive
Cylinders, Steam Cylinders

Cylinder Bushings, Locomotive— See Locomotive Castings, Heavy
Diamond Polishing Wheels

105 2.70 .063 .30' .44 1.60 2.97
Dies for Drop Hammers

171 1.40 .060 .10 ,.40 •

1.40 .090 .40 .70 1.00 3.20

Sug. 1.25-1.50 und. .07 und. .20 .60-. 80 ■ ..... low

Dynamo and Motor Frames, Bases and Spiders, Large

171 1.95 .042 .40 .39 .59 3.82

1.90 .08 .47 .60 .64 3.79

2.15 .070 .75 .60 .55 3.80

2.10 .070 .55 .40 ..... 3.50

Sug. 2.00-2.50 und. .08 .50-. 80 .30-. 40 .20-. 30 low

Dynamo and Motor Frames, Bases and Spiders, Small

171 3.19 .075 .89 .35 .06 2.95

2.30 .070 .55 .40 3.50

2.50 .070 .75 .60 .55 3.95

Sug. 2.50-3.00 und. .08 » .50-. 80 .30-. 40 .20-.30 low
Eccentric Straps — See Locomotive Castings and Machinery Castings
Electrical Castings

171 3.19 .075 .89 v.35 .06 2.95

171 1.95 :042 .40 .39 .59 3.82

1.90 .080 .47 .60 .64 3.79

2.15 .070 .75: .60 .55 3.80

2.50 .070 .75 .60 .55 3.95

2.10 .070 .55 .40 3.50

2.30 .070 .55 .40 3.50

Sug. 2.00-3.00 und. .08 .50-. 80 .30-. 40 .20-. 30 low

Engine Castings — See Bed Plates, Engine Frames, Fly-wheels, Loco-
motive Castings, Machinery Castings, Steam Cylinders
Engine Frames — See also Machinery Castings

2.25 .080 .55 .60 ;...

1.60 .090 .50 .60 '

1.32 .100 .40 .60 '.

Sug. 1.25-2.00 und. .09 .30-.50 .60-1.0 ' '

Fans and Blowers — See Machinery Castings

Farm Implements '

2.00 .089 .89 .46 .50 3.39

2.10 .068 .68 .45 ,47 3.32

Sug. 2.00-2.50 .06-. 08 .50-. 80 .60-80

Fire Pots

194 2.50 und. .07 und. .20 .80-1.0

Sug. 2.00-2.50 und. .06 und. .20 .60-1,0 low

Fly-wheels — See also Automobile Fly-wheels and Machinery Castings

2.20 .090 .55 .50

1.50 .090 .50 .60

Sug. 1.50-2.25 und. .08 .40-. 60 .50-. 70

Friction Clutches

64 2.00-2.50 und. .15 und. .70 und. .70

Sug. 1.75-2.00 .08-. 10 und. .30 .50-. 70 low

Furnace Castings •

194 2.50 und. .07 und. .20 .80-1.0

2.00 .085 .35 .53

1.85 .090 .70 .60

Sug. 2.00-2.50 und. .06 und. .20 .60-1.00 low

Gas Engine Cylinders -

137 1.45 .65

1.98 .090 .84 .63

1 -21 .117 .40 .35 1.40 3.74

1.00-1.25 .04-. 08 .20-. 40 .70-. 80 .60-. 80 3.00-3.10

Sug. 1.00-1.75 und. .08 .20-. 40 .70-. 90 : ; .3.00-3.30

Gears, Heavy

171 1.40 .060 .10 .40

• 94 .150 .43 .31 1.47 !

1-60 .080 .40 .60 3.50

1.50-1.75 .080 .40-. 60 .50-. 70

1.00-1.25 .075 - .40 .80-1.0 very'lo'w

1.40-1.60 .04-. 08 .30-. 50 .40-. 60 .50-. 80 3.20-3.40

Sug. 1.00-1.50 .08-.10 .30-.50 .80-1.0 low

from under and "sug." from suggested.

62

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ito. Its effects on the strength and
ductility of cast iron are relatively un-
important.

Oxygen probably exists in cast iron
and causes lack of fluidity, weakness,
brittleness, unsoundness, etc.

White iron is most liable to this
trouble. The variable quality of differ-
ent brands of iron may be due to more
or less oxygen.

Deoxidizing agents, titanium, vana-
dium, aluminum, manganese and silicon
may be used.

Little is known regarding the effects
of nitrogen on cast iron. If present in
any quantity it probably causes weak-
ness and brittleness. It exists in iron
as a nitride and can be removed by
means of titanium.

Aluminum is sometimes added to cast
iron. A few tenths per cent, causes
finer grain, freedom from blowholes,
decreases the tendency to chill, decreases
the hardness, increases the strength,
improves the elasticity. These effects
are probably due to its deoxidizing
power. Large amounts of aluminum
decrease fluidity and increase combined
carbon.

Titanium is used as a deoxidizer. It
may be added to cast iron as ferro
titanium alloy in the cupola or in the
ladle, or as titanium thermite in the
ladle.

Dr. Moldenke's experiments show 52
p.c. increase in strength for gray iron
and 18 p.c. increase for white iron which
has been treated with titanium. Only
.05 p.c. titanium is necessary.

Titanium does not affect hardness or
shrinkage of gray iron but on white
iron lessens the death of chill and makes
the remaining chill much harder.

Vanadium may be added to cast iron
as a ferro vanadium alloy. Dr. Mol-
denke's experiments indicate that small
amounts greatly increase the strength
of cast iron, especially of white iron.
It is also thought to increase the resis
tance to shock.

Properties of Cast Iron.

The strength of cast iron is dependent
upon nine factors : 1— p.c. graphite ;
2— size of graphite flakes ; 3— p.c. com-
bined carbon ; 4— size of primary crys-
tals of solid solution, Fe-C-Si ; 5—
amount of dissolved oxide ; 6 — p.c. phos-
phorus ; 7— p.c. sulphur ; 8— p.c. silicon ;
9— p.c. manganese.

The best method of reducing graphite
is to reduce total carbon by the use of
low carbon pig iron, by melting in the
air furnace, or by the use of steel scrap
in the cupola mixture. The chief diffi-
culties in making semi-steel are, trou-
ble with blowholes, high shrinkage, im-
perfect mixture of steel and iron, and
absorption of carbon in the cupola.

The size of graphite flakes accounts
for many cases of difference in strength

of irons of the same composition. The
factors influencing the size are very
poorly understood. Among them may
be rate of cooling, pouring temperature,
time which iron has remained in the
molten state, presence of dissolved ox-
ide, presence of steel scrap in the mix-
ture, mixture of different brands, nature
of ore from which iron is made, and
treatment in the blast furnace, per cent,
metalloids.

From analogy with steel combined
carbon probably increases the strength
of cast iron up to about 9 p.c, beyond
that, decreasing it again.

Size of primary crystals of solid so-
lution Fe-C-Si should, by analogy with
steel, be important. This is uncertain.

The effect of dissolved oxide is pro-
bably important. To reduce oxide we
may get the best brands of pig iron,
avoid oxidizing conditions in the cu-
pola, and use deoxidizing agents.

Phosphorus lessens strength, particu-
larly resistance to shock. 1 p.c. pro-
duces a marked effect.

Sulphur may indirectly strengthen
iron through decreasing the graphite,
but is more likely to weaken it through
causing blowholes and high shrinkage.

Silicon and manganese act chiefly in-
directly. Silicon should be kept as low
as possible and still have the necessary
softness. Manganese should be high but
if too high produces weakness.

Practical rules for making strong
castings and a table of analysis of
strong irons are given.

Of the elastic properties only tough-
ness and elasticity are important
in cast iron. The sum of these
properties is given by the deflec-
tion. The factors influencing them
are about the same as those influencing
strength. Practical rules for obtaining
the maximum toughness and elasticity
and a table of very tough irons are
given.

Maximum rigidity with the least sac-
rifice of strength and toughness is ob-
tained through the use of manganese
and combined carbon.

Hardness is due both to combined
carbon and gamma solid solution. The
latter explains the cases of hard cast
iron which are yet low in combined
carbon.

Phosphorus has only a slight hard-
ening effect. Manganese may soften
iron through its action on the sulphur,
but in larger amounts will harden it.
Sulphur is an energetic hardening agent.
Silicon softens iron due to its action in
decreasing combined carbon up to a
certain point. Beyond this point it
hardens, due to its direct action. The
relationship between hardness and sili-
con is shown by a diagram.

Combined carbon is the chief harden-
ing agent in cast iron. Gamma solid

solution is formed by rapid cooling
from above 1300 deg. Fahr. and may-
cause hardness in some cases.

In chilled iron the factors influencing
the depth and quality of the chill are,
pouring temperature, and percentage of
silicon, sulphur, phosphorus and total
carbon.

The higher the pouring temperature
the deeper the chill. A table showing
the relation between the per cent, sili-
con and the depth of chill is given. Sul-
phur causes a brittle chill and is unde-
sirable. Phosphorus injures the
strength of chill and causes a sharp line
between the white and gray portions.
Manganese increases the hardness of the
chill and its resistance to heat strains.

The grain structure and porosity de-
pend on the size and percentage of the
graphite. Practical rules for getting
close grained, dense iron are given.

The term shrinkage includes contrac-
tion of the fluid mass or "shrinkage"
and contraction of the solid mass or
"contraction."

The mechanism of fluid contraction is
not well understood. It is less the
greater the amount of graphite. The
tendency to form shrink holes bears lit-
tle relation to chemical composition
but varies in different brands of iron.
A means in testing this tendency is de-
scribed.

Shrinkage curves showing the manner
the solid mass contracts are given. The
first expansion is due to the separation
of graphite. The second expansion is
due to the solidification of the phos-
phide eutectio. The third expansion is
probably due to the change of the iron
from the alpha to gamma form.

Rules for obtaining minimum shrink-
age are given.

The fusibility of cast iron depends
primarily on combined carbon, and to
a less extent, on the phosphorus. Graph-
ite affects the melting point only in so
far as it dissolves in the iron at tem-
peratures below the melting point. A
diagram and table are given showing
the experimental results of Dr. Mold-
enke.

Fluidity is determined by per cent,
silicon, per cent, phosphorus, freedom
from dissolved oxide, and temperature
above the freezing point. Practical rules
for obtaining fluid iron are given.

The factors affecting resistance to
heat are, per cent, phosphorus, sulphur
and combined carbon, the the density
or closeness of grain.

Cast iron undergoes a permanent ex-
pansion on repeated heatings. It may
increase as much as 46 p.c. by volume.
The strength is decreased proportion-
ately. A minimum temperature of
1200 deg. F. is necessary. The growth
is favored by the presence of graphite
and silicon. This growth is probably

Canadian machinery

63

Gears, Medium

Ref. Silicon Sulphur Phos. Mang.

Per cent Per cent Per cent Per cent

64 1.50-2.00 und. .08 .35-. 60 .50-. 80

171 1.90 .060 .10 .40

2.30 .060 .60 .60

1.90 .100 .69 .58

Sug. 1.50-2.00 und. .09 .40-. 60 .70-. 90

Gears, Small

198 3.43 ..... 1.42 .90

2.00 .100 .50 .70

Sug. 2.00-2.50 und. .08 .50-. 70 .60-. 80

Orate Bars

195 2.75 low low

2.00 .085 .35 .53

Sug. 2.00-2.50 und. .06 und. .20 .60-1.0

Grinding Machinery, Chilled Castings for

.50 .200 .45 1.50

Sug. .50-. 75 .15-. 20 .20-. 40 1.5-2.0

Gun Carriages

171 .94 .050 .44 .31

171 1.00 .050 .30 .60

Sug. 1.00-1.25 und. .06 .20-. 30 .80-1.0

Gun Iron

171 1.34 .003 .08 1.00

171 1.19 .055 .41 .42

171 1.53 .050 .29 .45

171 .98 .06 .43 .43

198 .30 ..... .44 3.55

1.20 .100 .30 .80

Sug. 1.00-1.25 und. .06 .20-. 30

-Hangers for Shafting

1.60 .040 .55 .55

Sug. 1.50-2.00 und. .08 .40-. 50 .60-. 80

Hardware, Light

198 1.84 .58 1.04

198 2.20 .74 1.10

198 2.50 1.21 1.16

2.51 .11C .62 .41

2.70 .030 -6C .50

2.50 und. .050 .60 .70
2.00-2.25 .050 .85 .40

Sug. 2.25-2.75 und. .08 .50-. 80 .50-. 70

Heat Besistant Iron

171 1.20 .060 .10 .40

171 1.67 .032 .09 .29

134 2.15 .086 1.26 .41

134 2.02 .070 .89 .29

198 1.53 .040 .33 1.08

105 2.07 .073 .31 .48

81 1.80 .030 .70 .60

195 2.75 low low

194 2.50 und. .07 und. .20 .80-1.0

1.76 .075 .63 .79

2.00 .030 .70

Sug. 1.25-2.50 tfnd. .06 und. .20 .60-1.00

Hollow Ware

2.51 .110 .62 .41
Sug. 2.25-2.75 und. .08 .50-. 70 .50-. 70

Housings fcr Boiling Mills

. 1.00-1.25 .085 .65 .75

■Sug. 1.00-1.25 und. .08 .20. 30 .80-1.0

Iydraulic Cylinders, Heavy

71 1.00 .050 .30 .60

22 .90 .136 .39 .25

63 .80-1.50 .07-. 11 .35-. 50

1.12 .085 .40 .70

.95 .100 .30 .90

1.15 und. .08 .50 .60

.90-1.20 .06-. 08 .30-. 50 .80-1.0

Sug. .80-1.20 und. .10 .20-. 40 .80-1.0

Hydraulic Cylinders, Medium

171 1.40 .060 .10 .40

1.90 .074 .50 .65

1.62 .08 .50 .60

1.75 .070 .40 .55

Sug. 1.20-1.60 und. .09 .30-. 50 .70-. 90

Ingot Molds and Stools

171 1.20 .060 .10 .40

171 1.67 .032 .09 .29

Sug. 1.25-1.50 und. .06 und. .20 .60-1.0

Locomotive Castings, Heavy

57 1.40-2.00 und. .085 und. .60 und. .70

1.25-1.50 .06-. 08 .40-. 60 .45-. 60

1.62 .098 .40 .49

Sug. 1.25-1.50 und. .08 .30-. 50 .70-. 90

Locomotive Castings, Light

57 1.40-2.00 und. .085 und. .60 und. .70

1.50-2.00 .06-. 08 .40-. 60 .45-. 60

Sug. 1.50-2.00 und. .08 .40-. 60 .60-. 80

Locomotive Cylinders

126 1.25-1.7.5 und. .10 und. .90

57 1.40-2.00 und. .085 und. .60 und. .70

1 25-1.50 .06-. 08 .40-. 60 .45-. 60

1.00-1.40 und. .11 .40-. 90 .40-. 90

1.41 .092 .38 .39

1.56 .061 .45 .78

Sug. 1.00-1.50 .08-. 10 .30-. 50 .80-1.0

Locki and Hinges— See Hardware, Light

NOTE: "und."

Comb.

Carb.

Per cent

Total

Carb.

Per cent

Machinery Castings, Heavy

.55

und. .30
3.00

3.75
3.83

3.50

low
3.00

.63

3.03

1.10

2.50

low

.93

3.12

1.13

3.18

.42

3.43

.75

1.74

1.70

3.90

1.00

3.00

80-1.0

low

.30

.24
.40

3.57

3.18
3.60

3.85-4.00

.43
.13

.84
.58
.23

3.87
3.30
3.60
3.68
2.64

.56 3.68

und. .30 low

.24 3.18

low

low

1.10 2.50

1.44 3.34

".'76 i'.'sb

.80 3.40

1.15

.80-1.0 2.90-3.10
low

"!50 '.'.'.'.'.

. : . . . low

"!43 'i!87

.50-170 *3* 50

.45-'. 55 '3.50

.50-'.70 j'.'sb

Ref.

171
178

Silicon

Per cent

1.05

.85

.80-1.50

.90-1.50

1.85

1.30

1.85

1.75

1.00-1.50 »

nery Castingi

1.83

2.25

1.60

2.29

1.60

2.10

2.25

2.00

1.76

2.00

2.35

1.80

2.06

1.40

2.00

1.85

1.50-2.10

1.80-2.10

1.50-2.00

nery Castinfs

2.04

2.25

2.76

2.49

2.51

2.50

3.00

2.40

2.85

2.52

3.15

2.50

2.20-2.80

2.00-2.50

Sulphur
Per cent
.110
.030
.030-. 050
.09-1.2
.100
.090
.120
.100
und. . 10
, Medium
.078
.080
.060
.071
.090
.110
.060
.100
.075
.100
.075
.060
.075
low
.030
.08
.08-. 09
und. .09
und. .08

, Light

.044
.080
.031
.097
.084
.100
.060
.050
.064
.062
.050
.100
.06-. 08
und. .08

Phos.
Per cent

.54

.35

.35-.50

.15-. 40

.50

.40

.60

.50

.30-. 50

.50
.55
.66
.66
.50
.67
.75
.75
.63
.50
.45
.80
.78
.20
.70
.60
.40-. 80
.40-. 90
.40-. 60

.58
.70
1.19
.90
.62
.60
.65
.47
.67
.66

.70
.60-1.3
.50-. 70

Mang.
Per cent
.35
.92

Comb. Total

Carb. Carb.

Per cent Per cent

.33 2.98

63

.20-
.80-

.80
.60
.60
.45
.70
1.0

.31
.60

.10-

.30 2.50-2.90
3.50

Sug.

... 3.40-3.55
.80 3.65

Machi
171

.43 2.93

.49
.60
.50
.55
.50
.79
.50
.65
.50
.47
.40

... 3. 40-3. 55

.75 3.50
.56 3.68
.50 3.60

.30

.70 ... .
3.45

.50-
.20-
.40-
.60-

.60
.60
.90
.80

.39

.50

.10-

.50 3.25-3.50
.40 2.60-3.20

Machi
171

.32 3.84
.20 3.55

.42
.61

.70
.50
."»
.65
.68

3 40

3 50

.10-

Sug.

.20-

.50-

.60
.40

.70

.. . 3.40 3.55
-.60 3.00-3.60

Machine Tool Castings — See Machinery Castings

Motor Frames, Bases and Spiders — See Dynamo

Molding Machines — See Machinery Castings

Mowers — See Agricultural Machinery

Niter Pots — See Acid Resisting Castings and Heat Resisting Castings

Ornamental Work

.080

.110

171

und. .08

.086
.070
und. .07

4.19

2.51

2.25
Sug. 2.25-2.75
Permanent Molds
134 2.15

134 2.02

Sug. 2.00-2.25

Permanent Mold Castings
93 2.00-3.00

1.50-3.00

Piano Plates

197 2.00
Sug. 2.00-2.25
Pillow Blocks

1.60
Sug. 1.50-1.75
Pipe

2.00

2.00
Sug. 1.50-2.00

Pipe Fittings

198 2.88
1.70
2.51

Sug. 1.75-2.50 und.

1.24
.62
.60-. 90
.60-1.0

.67
.41

.03
.24

2.88
3.18

1.26
.89

.20-. 40

-.50-. 70

.41
.29

.60-1.0

.13

.84

3.30
3.60

und. .06

low
und. .07

und.

und.

.040
.08

.060
.060
.10

.058
.110
.08

.40

.40-. 60

.55
.40-. 50

.60

1.00

.50-. 80

.41
.50
.62

.50-. 80

und. .40

.60
.60-. 80

3.00-4.00

.60

.55
-.80

.30

3.50

.60

,.60

.60-. 80

1.10
.73
.41

.60-. 80

1.16
.24

4.18
3.18

Pipe Fittings for Superheated Steam Lines

085
.06-. 09
und. .08

.08

.06-. 08

und. .08

75 1.72

75 1.40-1.60

Sug. 1.50-1.75

Piston Bings
137 1.3S

1.60

1.50-2.00

Sug. 1.50-2.00

Plow Points, Chilled

197 1.20-1.40

1.20 .090

.75 - .090

1.20 .080

Sug. .75-1.25 und. .08

Printing Presses— See Machinery Castings
Propeller Wheels

.89
.20-. 40
.20-. 40

1.15
.40-. 60.
.30-. 50

low .
.30
.30
.30
.20-. 30

.48
.45-. 75
.70-. 90

.40

.35

.45-. 60

.40-. 60

.17 2.45

. .. 3.00-3.25
low

.60

.45-. 55

.50

.30

1.25

80-1.0

1.20
3.00

1.15

1.40-

Sug. 1.00-1.75

Pulleys, Heavy

1.75
2.40

Sug. 1.75-2.25

low
und. .10

.040
.060
.09

.32

.20

.20-. 40

is abbreviated from under and "sug."

und,
from suggested

.55
.60

.50-. 70

.51

.40
.60-1.0

.55

.60

.60-. 80

.60

.30

3.50
low

low

3.20
3.20
3.50

low

3.57
3.75

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Uy». L «bt

und.

Silicon
Per cent
.20-2.80 und

2.40

2.72

2.S2

3.35

2.25

2.15
.25-2.75

fcef.

64

14

SU£.

Pumps, Hand

2.30-2.75
Sug. 2.00-2.25

Radiators

2.15
2.45

Sug. 2.00-2.25

Railroad Castings

und.

Sulphur Phos. Mang.

Per cent Per cent Per cent
.08 und. .70 und. .70

.08 .95 .70

.040 ..50 .66

.075 .77 .68

.089 .70 .47

.040 .55 .55

.080 .70 .60

.08 .60-. 80 .50-. 70

Comb.

CaA.

Per cent

Total

Carb.

Per cent

Steam Cylinder!, Medium

.30

.40

und.
und.

08-
08

60-1.0
.60-. 80

.30-. 50
.50-. 70

64

Sug.

2.20-2.80

1.40-1.80

2.25

1.75

1:56-2.25

low
.104
und. .08

und. .08
.06-. 08
.050
.070
und. .08

60

.80
.44
-.80

.50-

.45 .SO

.40 .35

.70 .50-. 60

und. .70

.50-. 80

.60

.85

.40-. 60

und. .70

.45-. 60

.75

.60

.60-. 80

.40-. 65

3.37
3.42
3.57
3.55

3.50
3.40

3.50

Kef.

70
70
70
70
14
64

Sug.

Silicon

Per cent

1.66

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.40-2-.00

1.50-2.00

1.40-1.60

1.50-1.65

1.50-1.80

1.85

1.7S

1.32

1.12

2.00

2.00

1.50

1.59

1.86

1.90

1.56

1.25-1.75

und.
und.

Sulphur
Per cent
.065
.063
.070
.075
.085
.08
.09
.080
.070
.080
.100
.136
.085
.100
.070
.070
.109

und.

.074
.061
.09

Phos.
Per cent

.70
.72
.70
.60
.70
.35-. 60
.40-. 90
.60
.43
.60
.65
.43
.40
.50
.30
.75
.60
.29
.50
.45
.30-. 50

Mang.

Per cent

.90

.85

.75

.92

.30-. 70

.50-. 80

.40-. 90

.60-. 70

.76

.50-. 60

.55

.33

.70

.70

.60

.70

.38

.55

.65

.78

.70-. 90

Comb. Total

Carb. Carb.

Per cent Per cenl

3.50

.50 3.25-3.50

. .. 3.40-3.55

.99 3.30

.70 3.50

.40 3.50

.52

3.50
3.34

Steam Chests — See Locomotive Castings and Machinery Castings

Stove Plate
198

Retort* — See Heat Resistant Castings

Rolls, Chilled

171 .50-1.00 .01-. 06

171 .80 .100

171 .71 .058

173 .65 .050

Sug. .60-. 80 .06-. 08

171
171

Rolls, TJnchilled (aand cast)

171

Scales

198

198

198

Sug.

.75

1.67

2.12

1.70

2.00-2.30

.030

Slag Car Castings
1.76
2.00

Sug. 1.75-2.00

und. .08

.075
.030
.07

.20-. 80
.88
.54
.25

.20-. 40

.25

1.92

.61

.63

.60-1.0

.15-1.5 2.60-3.25

.16 .91

.39 1.38

1.50 .63

1.0-1.2

2.84

3.00

3.50

3.00-3.25

und
Smoke Stacks, Locomotiv

Soil Pipe and Fittings

2.00 .060

Sug. 1.75-2.25 und. .09

Steam Cylinders, Heavy

und.

.63
.70
.30

.66

1.90

.80

1.60

.50-. 70

.79
.70- .'90

1.20

4.10

2.90
2.59
3.19
2.75
2.79
2.51
2.76
2.76
2.50
2.60
2.50-3.00
2.25-2.75
Large
1.20-1.50
1.00
1.67
1.25-1.75
Valves, Small

1.70
2.23
75-2.25

Sug.
Valves,

64
136

Sug.

und.
und.

.072

.084

.050

.077

.110

.071

.084

.060

.050

.10

.08

und. .09
.100

und. .09

.73

.62

1.16

1.00

1.40

.62

.63

.65

1.00

.60

.60-. 80

.60-. 90

.35-. 60
.50
.26

.20-. 40

.40-
.60

.40
.37
.38
.80
.32
.41
.63
.54
.60
.60
.60
.80

.35
.33
.18

.20
.24
.37

3.30
3.41
3.38
3.22
3.18
3.50

.50-

-.80

.90

.45

.80-1.0

3.00-4.00

.69

Sug.

1.

und.

.058
.075
.08

.74

.67

.60-. 80

1.16

.56

3.68

-See Locomotive Castings

111

Sug.

1.41

.95

1.10

1.00

1.35-1.50

1-.2XM.40

.90-1.20

1.00-1.25

.092
.100
.136
.080
.080
.04-. 08
.09-. 12
und. .10

1.00
.50-. 80

.38

.30

.43

.20-. 30

.50

.40-. 50

.20-. 40

.20-. 40

.60
.60-. 80

.39
.90

.33
1.00

.75
.70-. 80
.70-. 90
.80-1.0

.50
.67
.30-. 50
Valve Bushings — See Lccomctive Castings and Machinery Castings
Water Heaters

2.15 .050 .40 .50

Sug. 2.00-2.25 und. .08 .30-. 50 .60-. 80

Weaving Machinery — See Machinery Castings
Wheels, Large

.40
30-. 40

4.13

low

.80
.99
.75

.70-

3.40
3.30
3.00
3.65
80 3.00-3.20
.. und. 3.50
low

Sug. 1.50-2.00
Wheels, Small

2.10

1.60

Sug. 1.75-2.00

and.

und.

.040
.09

.60

.70
-.80

.050
.083
.08

.40

.40
.60
.50

.50

.39

.50-. 70

Wheel Centers — See Locomotive Castings

White Iron Castings

.50 .150 .20

.90 .250 .70

.17

.50

2.90

2.50

NOTE:

Woodworking Machinery — See Machinery Castings
und." is abbreviated from under and "sug." from suggested.

t-r.

connected with the change from the
alpha to the gamma state taking place
at about 1300; deg.

A summary of published statements
regarding the proper composition for
castings exposed ti> high temperatures
is given.

Behavior of cast iron at low temper-
atures is unimportant and is only men-
tioned.

Of the electrical properties of cast
iron, permeability only is of importance.
Some typical permeability curves are
shown. The effects of the various ele-
ments on permeability are shown dia-
grammatically. Practical rules for ob-
taining high permeability iron are given.

The factors influencing the resistance
of cast iron to corrosion are poorly
understood. A summary of published
information along this line is given.
Practical rules for obtaining castings
resistant to eorrosion are given.

Two classes of castings subject to
wear are typified by a grinding roll and

a brake shoe. Practical rules are given
for obtaining resistance to wear.

There is no data as to the relation
between the composition of cast iron
and its co-efficient of friction.

Blowholes may be caused by oxidized
metal or by excess of sailhur. Dirty
castings may be due to high sulphur,
kish or segregated graphite, or oxidized
metal. Porosity is usually caused by
kish. Pinholes are often due to exces-
sive sulphur. Segregation is the great-
est in the case of high phosphorus and
high sulphur iron.

White spots in the interior of castings
are usually due to the iron boiling in
the bottom of the cupola. Shrinkage
strains may be aggravated by high sul-
phur. High phosphorus improves the
surface or skin of castings and high
manganese will cause the sand to peel
readily.

The remainder of this report consists
of tables giving the composition of 83
different classes of castings ; of a direc-

tory of all brands of pig irons made in
the United States ; and of a biblio-
graphy of 201 titles.

Table of Chemical Standards.

Under this heading is presented what
is probably the largest collection of
analyses of iron castings ever gathered
into one table, and it is thought that
the information contained should be of
considerable value and interest.

The sources of this data are three in
number : first, published work ; second,
the private notes of the writer ; third,
the replies to the inquiries sent out by
your committee.

Regarding this last source, which has
supplied the greater number af anal.
approximately 1,000 inquiries were sent
out to as many different foundries, sel-
ected largely at random from "Penton's
List." These inquiries ran in substance
as follows :

"At the last convention of the A. F.
A. it was decided to make an attempt
to formulate chemical standards for

iron casting-s, in the belief that such
standards would be of great use both
to the individual foundryman and to the
industry as a whole.

"The information on which these
should be based could, of course, be ob-
tained by analyzing typical castings
bought in the open market. This would, '
however, involve much trouble and ex-
pense, and will be unnecessary if foun-
drymen will freely donate the informa-
tion for the good of the industry.

"We urge you, therefore, to act gen-
erously in giving us the data indicated
below, and since composition is but one
item in the successful manufacture of
castings, we feel sure that in so doing
there can be no possible detriment to
your personal interests.

'"Replies will, of course, be entirely
confidential as regards the names of
those giving information. There is de-
sired the following information :

"Name or Class of Castings, Silicon,
Sul., Phos., Mang., Comb. Carb.,
Graph. Carb., Total Carb."

CANADIAN MACHINERY

It is unfortunately true that there is
much lacking in this table, many im-
portant classes of castings being en-
tirely missing, while others are inade-
quately represented by only one or two
analyses. These deficiencies are due to
the lack of available data in certain

65

PETERSON'S CORE OIL.

The T. J. Peterson Co., 6th floor
Security Building, Chicago, are placing
their core oil on the Canadian market.
This oil is used by some of the largest
foundries in United States making au-
tomobile cylinder cores, radiator cores,

Cores ShoWn at Detroit Foundryme„-s Convention, Made With Peter.cn-. Core Oi

cases, and it is to be hoped that they
may be at least partially remedied by
future work.

To this letter about 10 per cent, of
replies were received, the greater num-
ber of which contained more or less in-
formation.

Regarding ,the classification of cast-
ings, it is evidently impossible to con-
sider as separate cases all the different
patterns. Nor would this be desirable,
since any foundry must itself class its
castings into comparatively few groups
which are each poured from one kind
of iron. For example, a shop doing
machine-tool work may make castings
from several hundred patterns and will
use not to exceed four mixtures of iron
for all of these, probably dividing the
work into light, medium and heavy
castings, with possibly a special mix-
ture for pulleys. It is thought, there-
fore, that a classification according to
use or properties necessary is in the
majority of cases desirable.

Thickness is, of course, taken into
consideration, since this largely deter-
mines the percentage of silicon neces-
sary, and it has been the aim to sub-
divide the various classes according to
section wherever possible. In this re-
spect the writer has endeavored to fol-
low the definitions of the American So-
ciety for Testing Materials, who have
grouped castings according to thickness
as follows : (126).

"Castings having any section less
than one-half of an inch thick shall be
known as light castings."

"Castings in which no section is less
than 2 inches thick shall be known as
heavy castings."

"Medium castings are those not in-
cluded in the above definitions."

Malleable cast iron is omitted entire-
ly, partly because of the small amount
of data obtained and partly because its
manufacture is a process entirely differ-
ent from those involved in the ordinary
iron foundry.

Regarding arrangement, the analyses
taken from published sources are pre-
ceded by a number in the first column
referring to the bibliography, Part V.
The last analysis under each head is pre-
ceded by the word "Sug." (abbreviated
from suggested) and is the tentative
standard or probable best analysis sug-
gested by your committee. It should
be clearly understood in this connection
that while this is based on careful study
of both theory and practice, it repre-
sents only the individual opinion of the
writer, and is not necessarily infallible.
Furthermore, these suggestions are
incomplete in certain other respects.
The most desirable percentage of sili-
con, for example, will depend largely on
the exact thickness of the casting and
the practice followed in shaking out.
These factors, being in many cases un-
determined, have been allowed for by
giving fairly wide limits to this ele-
ment. Again, the possibilities in the
use of purifying alloys have not been
taken into account here, although they
have been discussed in the preceding
parts, and the use of steel scrap has
been ignored except that the "low"
total carbon specified in some cases
mtist, as a rule, be obtained in this
way. Finally in many cases, a very
wide range of composition is permissi-
ble and compatible with the best re-
sults, and in such cases the question of
cost will be the first element to be con-
sidered in fixing the composition.

gasoline engine, malleable iron casting
and general foundry cores.

At the Foundrymen's Convention at
Detroit the T. J. Peterson Co. had an
interesting exhibit of cores made by
Detroit companies using their core oil
These are shown in the illustrations
and show intricate cores made in the
foundries of the Ideal Mfg. Co. Stand-
ard Foundry Co., E. M. F. Co' Sher-
wood Brass Works, and Buhl Malleable
Co. The Aluminum Castings Co. who
have under erection the largest alum-
mum foundry in the world, a descrip-
tion of which appeared in the August
issue of this paper, are also users of
Peterson's core oil. This fact will no

Cores Made With Peterson's Core Oil.

doubt be appreciated as aluminum cast-
ings are hard tb make with core oil.

The T. B. Peterson Co. have branch
offices in New York and Buffalo from
-which Canadian orders will be supplied.
H. S. Peterson is arranging to visit
Canadian foundries and will demon-
strate the core oils to -anyone interest-
ed. A card to the Chicago office will
receive the personal attention of H. S.
Peterson. As the core oil sells at con-
siderably less than linseed oil no doubt
Canadian foundrymen will be interested
in this core oil.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

VANCOUVER.— The B .C. Electric Railway
will build new carshops on the mainland to
employ 1.000 hands.

BRANTFORD — The Verity Plow Co. announce
extensions lor lour departments of their Brant-
lord works at a total outlay ol $60,000 for
buildings and machinery. The present staff of
500 employes will be increased by 200. when the
extensions are completed.

REGIXA.— The contract for the new building
of the Regina foundry has been let to T.
Spray.

CHATHAM.— The Western Bridge & Equip-
ment Co.. contemplate building a new plant to
accommodate their increased business.

VANCOUVER.— Final arrangements have been
made by the Sumner Iron Works, of Everett,
Wash., for the establishment of a plant at West
Hurnaby. where logging and other heavy ma-
ehinery will be made.

WOODSTOCK.— The Canadian Linderman Ma
chine Co., of Muskvgon, capitalized at $105,000
are locating here. The company will manufac-
ture Dovetail glue and jointing machines for
making boards out of wood scraps.

PORT DOVER.— The folio* ing new buildings
will be immediately erected for the Widespread
Implement Co. Planing mill (two storeys), 40
x 50 ft. ; engine house, 20 x 25 ft. : foundry
34 x 37 It. ; and machine shop 3T x 50 ft.

BELLEVILLE— The G.T.R. have commenced
the construction of a roundhouse to accommo-
date 42 locomotives.

GALT— R. McDougall Co. have completed an
addition to their shops.

WALKERVILLE.— The Ford Motor Co.. De-
troit, is having plans drawn for a three-storey
factory building, 60 x 100 ft., here, lor the
manufacture of automobiles.

SHERBR0OKE.— Adolphe Lambert, Ed. Mo-
rency. A. Talbot, G. Rousseau, N. Rouleau and
A. Turgeon are applying for incorporation from
the Government under the name of the Robert-
sonville Foundry Co. The capital ol the new
company is $20,000, divided in shares of $1.00
(one dollar) each. The works of the new in-
dustry will be situated near the station oi the
Q..C.R.

LONDON.— Wortman and Ward, whose factory
here was recently burned out. have bought four
acres of land in the western part of Winnipeg,
and will build a large factory there this fall.
They have asked the Winnipeg City Council for
a fixed assessment.

ST. CATHARINES.— In order to take care of
the increasing demand throughout the Dominion
for the ■ Rco Thirty, the directors have decided
to increase the capacity of the Canadian plant.
Additional ground in the vicinity of the fac-
tory has been purchased and on It will be
erected a modern two-storey brick building, 90
x 100 feet. Work on the erection will be begun
at once. Machine tools to the value of $20,000
have been purchased for installation in the new
plant, and orders for material sufficient to
build 600 four-cylinder cars have been placed.
A majority of the orders for raw material are
being placed with Canadian firms.

CHATHAM.— The International Harvester Co.
has acquired control of the Chatham Wagon
Co. by the purchase of practically the entire
capital stock of the local concern, the deal be-
ing concluded last week. The Chatham Wagon

Co. was established in 1882 by Wm. Ball and
the late D. R. Vanallen, has since been several
times enlarged, and has a rapidly growing
trade with the Northwest. Under the new re-
gime the present plant will be very much en-
larged and many new hands employed, though
no definite announcement has been made as to
the exact nature of extent of the proposed
changes.

CHATHAM.— The Western Bridge & Equipment
Co. is purchasing a 5-acre site here and will
within six weeks commenco the erection of a
new 82 x 160 steel concrete factory. On the
completion of the new factory, between 50 and
100 hands will be regularly employed.

LONDONDERRY, N.S.— The machine shop of
the local plant of the Canada Iron Corporation
has been destroyed by fire entailing a loss of
$15,000.

ST. JOHNS.— T. McAvity & Sons are con-
sidering the advisability of moving their
foundry business west, and establishing a
foundry and factory at Fort William. Repre-
sentatives of the -firm are i^oing o\er the
ground.

VANCOUVER— Tucker & Co., Ltd., »ra being
merged into a new concern called The Cieat
Western Automobile Co., Ltd. The Bt.wsiholders
are all local.

DUNDAS — The cotton mill property has been
purchased for a new gasoline engine works.
Extensive alterations are necessitated.

THREE RIVERS.— The foundry and machine
shop of Bellefueille & Frere were destroyed by
fire. The loss will be about $10,000.

FORT WILLIAM.— The G.T.P. have awarded to
Cartor-Halls-Aldinger Company, of Winnipeg,
the contract for their roundhouse and machine
shops on the Mission. The buildings will cost
about $100,000.

ST. THOMAS.— Architect N. R. Darrach has
prepared plans for the additions and alterations
to the Red Foundry (extension to Norseworthy
Company's foundry). The plans provide for the
erection of a brick building, 60 x 110 feet.

GUELPH.— Edgar Bloxham, representative of
the Taylor Forbes Co., Guelph, at Paris,
France, is on a visit to Canada, conferring
with the principals of the company regarding
export business of boilers and radiators to that
country.

TORONTO.— The Canada Metal (onrany, have
secured property in Winnipeg a-.d (jpeet to
open a plant there in the near future.

CALGARY.— The Woodhall Metal Co., have
occupied new premises in East Calgary. The
building is large and spacious and fitted up
with modern machines. It is the intention of
the firm to extend the business and carry ena-
mel ware and fancy hardware. Tho plant is pos-
sibly the largest of its 'kind west of Winnipeg.
P. S. Woodhall is president of the company.

WELLAND.— Negotiations have been going on
lor some time and have just been concluded by
which a million-dollar plant will be erected at
Welland to employ 1,500 hands. The firm is
Deere & Company, one of the largest concerns
in the world, with head office at Moline, 111.
The following industries are affiliated with
Deere & Company :— John Deere Plow Company,
Moline Waggon Company, Marseilles Sheller
Company, Velie Carriage Company and Velie
Motor Company. The products of the Welland
factories will be harvesters, waggons, plows,

carriages, grain drills, harrows, disc harrows
and other articles. The ground has been secur-
ed and a staff of 500 men will be required to
construct the buildings.

Municipal Enterprises.

MOOSE JAW.— The city council instructed
City Engineer Wilson to revise plans for the
sewage disposal plant, and call for tenders to
be in by October 17.

LONDON.— Gartshore-Thompson Co., Hamilton,
were awarded the contract for special castings
for the Horton St. pumping plant, at 41 cents
a pound.

CALGARY.— By-laws have been passed to
raise $284,000 for watermains ; $30,000 sewer con-
nections, and $125,000 for building and equipping
an addition to the electric power plant.

VANCOUVER.— The contract for the supply of

sewer pipe has been awarded to the Dominion

Glazed Cement Pipe Co., Vgncouver, at $70,910.

ORANGEVILLE.— The by-law to procure a

system of waterworks was carried.

WINNIPEG.— It is proposed to extend the high
pressure system over many of the principal
thoroughfares, at a cost of $230,858.

OUTREMONT, QUE.— The council has awarded
contracts for the construction of six brick and
three tile sewers at an approximate cost of
$60,000.

TORONTO.— Premier Whitney has given the
mayor assurance that the proposed expenditure
of $40,000 for the extension of the intake pipe
for a distance of 500 feet into the lake will re-
ceive government sanction.

CASTOR, ALTA.— A new waterworks system is
to be installed at an estimated cost of $85,000.
HALIFAX.— It is proposed to erect a reser-
voir for the high pressure service system.

OTTAWA.— The installation of additional street
hydrants for firo protection is contemplated.

STRATHCONA.— The ratepayers voted in favor
of extending its sewerage and water systems at
a cost of $48,000.

YORKTON.— The contract for the construction
of sewers was awarded to N. B. Mclnnis, Re-
gina.

VANCOUVER.— J. C. Kennedy was awarded
the contract for the laying of the Tenth Ave-
nue sewer, at $48,700.

TORONTO— The Board of Control has in-
structed the city engineer to report on the cost
of constructing storm sewers to relieve the pre-
sent system in time of flood.

ESQUIMAULT— A committee has been ap-
pointed to gather all available data on the in-
stallation of a sewerage system.

COATICOOK.— The contract for the new rein-
forced concrete bridge has been let to Nomer
& Winstanley.

ST. MARY'S.— The contract for the Fulton
Bridge, which is to be a reinforced concrete
structure, has been let to Jos. Patterson, for
$670.

VANCOUVER.— The Dominion Glazed Concrete
Pipe Co. has secured the contract for pipe for
sewer purposes during the coming year, the figure
submitted being $70,910. Two other tenders
were submitted, these being for the clay article,
one from Evans, Coleman & Evans at $76,930.50,
and tho other from C. Gardiner Johnson & Co.
at $75,261.50. The contract awarded yesterday

CANADIAN MACHINERY

67

Write us for
prices and
discounts

The Ideal Friction Clutch
I* and Cut-off Coupling

A perfectly balanced Clutch
with big [tower for its size
due to large friction surfaces
and powerful lever movements

IT is easily adjusted to suit any load up to
its rated h.p. and it is perfectly safe
because it cannot start when out of
gear. Levers and draw bolts are made of
steel and do not break. It can be used
with either wood or iron pulleys as desired,
It is provided with either solid iron sleeve
or split babbitted sleeve., interchangeable
without disturbing the mechanism.

We make Castings, Engines, Boilers,
Tanks, and Sheet Metal Work of all kinds,
Mining and Brick Machinery.

The Berg Machinery-
Manufacturing Co., Limited

Bathurst and Niagara Streets, TORONTO

A DAY

YOUR SPARE TIME!

Are you making any use of your spare time? Most everyone is willing to do a
little extra congenial work if the way is made plain and the money good enough.

EARN $5.00 A DAY !

Sounds big, eh ? But it's not more than you can earn working for

BUSY MAN'S MAGAZINE

CANADA'S LEADING MONTHLY.
We want Salaried Agents in every town. Are you going to be the first in your
district? We give a most liberal commission on all orders.
Subscription, $2.00 per year. Write for details of our proposition and

DO IT NOW.

A DAY

Busy Man's Magazine,

UNIVERSITY AVE.
TORONTO

A DAY

A DAY

Don't fail to mention "Can ad: in Machinery" in writing to advertisers.

68

CANADIAN MACHINERY

calls (or pipe all the way from (our inches in
diameter upwards. On the four-inch article the
price is the same as (or the older clay style
but above that sire the city saves on every foot
in the quotations submitted by the Dominion
Company, the reduction running (rom 35 to 50
cents per foot above the 12-inch size. This lat-
ter condition is accounted (or by the fact that
when the clay pipe is laid over the 12-inch
diameter, it has to be encased in cement, a
precaution not necessary when the glazed con-
crete article is used.

BELLEVILLE.— The tender of the Canada
Foundry Co. for an electric pump for the water-
works has been accepted. It is to be a two
and three stage turbine, with capacity of 70,000
gallons per hour, driven by a motor of 115
horse-power.

TORONTO.— Additions and alterations to the
high level pumping station are now open to
tender.

ESTEVAN.— Tenders arc being called for the
electric light and sewer system, including pipe
laying, powerhouse, boilers, engine, electrical
equipment and sewers.

CHARLOTTETOWN— Electric lighting tenders
are being called for.

BRANDON.— The hospital board has decided
to instal a big steam heating plant to cost
from J7.000 to $8,000. The plant will include
two seventy-five horse-power boilers.

MONTREAL.— Tenders for the new intake pipe

are being called for Sept. 14 as a good section

of the work must be completed before winter.

OUTLOOK, SASK.— Ratepayers carried the

$25,000 waterworks by-law.

MOOSE JAW.— The $315,000 by-law for sewer
and waterworks extensions was carried.

SWIFT CURRENT.— By-laws for sewerage,
sewage disposal and water supply were carried.
LETHBRIDGE.— The by-law for the expend-
iture of $148,000 on waterworks and sewers, was
carried.

MEDICINE HAT.— A by-law to expend $45,000
on waterworks extensions has been submitted
to the ratepayers on Aug. 15.

COLL1NGWOOD— It is probable that a by-
law will be submitted for authority to spend
about $5,000 on the increase of the water sup-
ply.

WINNIPEG.— Pavements, walks and sewers,
totalling $224,506, were passed by the council
at last meeting and will be advertised for
tenders.

SASKATOON.— The tender of the Robb En-
gineering Co.. (or the 250 h.p. water tube boiler,
to cost $4,156, has been accepted.

LONDON.— Tenders (or the new pumping sta-
tion at Springbank are to be awarded in the
near (uture.

MONTREAL.— The matter of purchasing the
plant of the Montreal Water and Power Co. is
again under discussion.

MONTREAL.— An expenditure of $250,000 is
contemplated for the laying of water mains in
the newly annexed wards.

MONTREAL.— Instructions have been given to
have the smoke by-law observed. Smoke con-
sumers must be installed where soft coal is used
in qnantities.

Electrical Notes.

PETERBOROUGH.— The capital stock of the
Auburn Power Co., of Peterborough, Ltd., has
been increased from $99,000 to $500,000.

MONTREAL.— It is stated on good authority
that the Montreal Street and Canadian Power

BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST

can be secured for any class o( castings by arranging your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult with

The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited

18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO

EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS, FUELS, CORES, OILS, Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.

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The Utilization oi Wood Waste
by Distillation

A general consideration of the NEW INDUSTRY, in-
cluding a full description of the distilling apparatus used
and the principle involved, also methods of chemical con-
trol and disposal of the products, first edition illustrated
by seventy-four engravings, 156 pages. This book is cloth
bound, it will be sent to any address post paid on re-
ceipt of $3.20.

MAKE SOLIDIFIED PURE MILK VACUUM
DISTILLLED SOLID TABLETS WITH

Industrial Alcohol Stills, 5 Gal. Tax-Free, $135.00, pays
for itself every Month. 75 to 500 Gal. Stills installed
under guarantee. Alcohol Solidified, 33 samples Solid
Alkaloid Cubes, 194 proof, post-paid for $1.00.

WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES COMPANY
Wheeling, W. Va., .... U.S.A.

High Grade Malleable Castings

of all sizes and kinds

Gait Malleable Iron Co., Limited - Gait, Ontario

CANADIAN MACHINERY

69

JOHN J. GARTSHORE

83 Front 8t. W., Toronto

RAM Q and supplies

l» r\ I I— VJ New and Second-hand
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAY8, Etc.
Old Material Bought and 8old.

OPAL GLASS TILING

FOR WALL* UP

MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES

Host approved material.
TORONTO PLATE CLA88 IMPORTING CO'Y

PLiTK AKD WINDOW 8I.A88

I3S to 143 Victoria St. . - Toronto

OilTempered

Steel

Springs

— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.

—Special styles of
all kinds to order.

THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRING CO.

Cleveland, Ohio.

STEELCRETE

EXPANDED METAL

REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and R00F8.

The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.

WRITE FOR HAND BOOK AND 8AMPLE8

Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.

Expanded Metal & Fireproofing Co., Limited

100 King Street West. TORONTO

SripD'CoTiortl

i
H

- ■ ■. *

'1 „. . . *

• 1 ■ ■'/"' ■

m

are to be merged, v as the interests friendly to
this merger have secured sufficient stock to have
a controlling interest amounting to forty thou-
sand shares.

OTTAWA. — In order to supply the increasing
demand the city electric plant has made an
agreement with the hydro-electric commission to
obtain 1.500 additional horse-power from the
Ottawa and Hull Power Co., making a total of
4,000. The city will build a conduit for the
high voltage wires from the power house to the
distributing centre.

SHERBROOKE— As the Sherbrooke Power
and Railway Company cannot come to an ar-
rangement with power owners on the banks of
the Magog, the company has given notice, of
expropriation. This property is required in con-
nection with a dam that the company propose
building.

OTTAWA. — A permit has been taken out by
the Ottawa Electric Co. for a brick transformer
station, to cost $18,000. The various minor de-
partments are to be located in this building as
well.

FORT FRANCES— An assessment of $400,000
has been placed on E. V. Backus, president of
the Minnesota and Ontario Power Co., for his
improvements here.

VICTORIA, B.C.— The Hinton Electric Co.,
Ltd., has received from the corporation of
Ladysmith the contract for the supply of all
electrical materials in connection with the in-
stallation of the new Tungsten street lighting
system in the coal city.

LISTOWEL.— The electrical supply business of
G. P. Thomas has been purchased by E. Seger.

LONG BRANCH, ONT.— One hundred horse
power has been contracted for, to be supplied
by the Erindale Power Co.

BELLEVILLE.— It is announced that the
Healey Falls Development Co. has sold its pro-
perty at Healey Falls on the Trent River, to
the Seymour Electric Power Co., and that the
latter company will develop the power at that
point.

BRANDON. — Work on the heating system that
Is being installed by thei Brandon Electric Light
Co., is under way, and it is expected that it
wi'l be completed by Oct. 1.

SASKATOON.— Contracts have been let to the
Northern -Electric Co.. for the supplying of wire
and electrical supplies.

NIAGARA FALLS.— The plans for exporting
Niagara power from Windsor to Detroit have
fallen through, due to the United States law be-
ing contrary to this procedure.

PETERBOROUGH.— Tenders for the new power
station at Auburn are being let by the Peter-
borough Radial Railway Co.

COBOURG. — A meeting of the shareholders of
the old Northumberland-Durham Co. ratified the
sale of the company's water powers to the
Seymour Electric and Power Co., and wound
up the affairs of the company. The sale price
was $250,000.

TILSONBURG— By a vote of 324 to fil the
ratepayers endorsed the by-law providing S25.000
to distribute hydro-electric in the municipality.

OTTAWA.— The difficulty concerning the water
power along the line of the Trent Valley Canal
has been settled by the Department of Railways
and Canals. At dam No. 2 the power goes to
the Trent Power Co., to be arranged between
themselves. Five thousand horse power to be
reserved for the Town of Trenton. At dam No.
1 the power is to be allotted free to the Tren-
ton Power Co., the Trenton Electric Light and
Water Co.. and the town of Trenton.

New Companies.

Power Economics, Ltd., Montreal : capital
$20,000 ; to manufacture machinery : by H. T.
Henneker, A. H. Duff, W. S. Johnson and
others.

Canadian Brodesser Mfg. Co., Winnipeg ; capi-
tal $150,000 : to manufacture elevators. The mw
company has taken over all the patents and
patterns, etc., of the Brodesser Elevator Mfg.

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

16 Sheppard St., Toronto
mi™, of SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patents Perfected
GEAR CUTTING, TOOL8, DIE8, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PARMENTER BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.

ron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Cooper Burrs
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Escutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED

OWEN SOUND, ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kinds, Crey

Iron and Brass Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

^ALL KINDS^-

Difficult' Core Work a Specially
High Grade ■ Ri'Shf Prices - Prompt" Delivery

SAT/S^ACTORr WORK GUARANTEED

THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS

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HAMILTON . ONT

PATTERNS

PatternB and Models iAU work guaranteed.
of any design. Correspondence Solicited.

JAMES SIBLEY

Mechanical Draughtsman and Patternmaker.
156 DUKE STREET, TORONTO

Phone Main, 5747.

f

Castings

TOUGH, STRONG, GREY
IRON CASTINGS, EASILY
MACHINED.

Any size up to ten tons

Wm. Hamilton Co., Ltd.

PETERBORO, ONT.

7o

CANADIAN MACHINERY

BENCH

POWER PRESS

ign

Particularly adapted for small, quick
work, to take place of foot presses.

Write for Prices.

W. H. Banfield & Sons

MACHINISTS, DIE AND TOOL MAKERS

120 Adelaide Street West
TORONTO - - - CANADA

Special Taps

Special Dies

Special Reamers

Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.

Wehavethe equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.

A.B.JARDINE&CO.

HESPELER, ONT.

"GLOBE" TIME RECORDERS

are made in Canada by expert mechanics. They are accurate,
simple in construction, strong, and of good chaste appearance.
They will record with absolute accuracy the arrival and de-
parture of your employees (TO THE MINUTE), making you
pay for what you got and no more. All latos and short time
marked in red, regular time in green. The small cut at the
top illustrates the WEEKLY MODEL, an entirely automatic
recorder requiring no attention whatever during the week-
as all changes, etc., occur automatically (DONE HY CLOCK
WORK). The DAILY MODEL is shown in the cut at the
bottom. This recorder is being used mostly in large shops,
etc., where a large number of hands are employed. With the
"GLOBE" TIME RE-
CORDERS only one oper-
ation is required as
against Ave with most
others.

Inspection may be made
through the glass sides of
the case, but tampering
with records is impossible,
no danger of having
soiled, torn or lost records
when same are unfavor-
able, as is the case with all CARD CLOCKS. We are now
manufacturing over 224 DIFFERENT TIME RECORD-
ING (LOCKS, and are in a position to meet the require-
ment-, of any business. Write usabout your needs and let
us suggest what will best meet with your requirements.
WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRY.

W. A. WOOD, Manufacturer

Head Office and Factory : 40 St. George St., Montreal

Branch Offices :
19 Bleury St.. Montreal 65-67 Victoria St., Toronto

Co., ol Milwaukee, Wis. The president ol the
company is to be Montague Aldons ; vice-pre-
sident, V. V. Richardson ; secretary-treasurer,
G. Laing. These officers are all well-known
western business men, and, with expert oper-
atives, who have been brought in from the large
works of the Brodesser Company, of Milwaukee,
the success of the new Canadian company is as-
sured.

The Health Canopy Bed and Mfg. Co. lave
been incorporated with headquarters in Ottawa
to make collapsible cots and beds. The capital
is $100,000 and the incorporators, A. G. Cole,
Barrett P. Dewar, Alf. Stewart, W. L. Scctt
and C. H. Maclaren.

Marx & Rawolle, of Canada, Montreal : to
manufacture, refine and deal in glycerine, shel-
lac, varnish and oils. Incorporators, R. C.
Smith, F. H. Markey, W. W. Skinner, Mont-
real.

Gas Producer Co., Ltd., capital. $1,000,000 ; to
manufacture and deal in all kinds of apparatus
ior refining, heating, recovering, producing, and
obtaining gas and oil of all kinds, and to
manufacture, refine, treat, recover, produce, ob-
tain, buy, sell, trade, and deal in gas and oil
of all kinds. Incorporators, E. B. Ryckman,
C. S. Maclnnes, C. C. Robinson. E. B. Cole-
man and A. E. Lloyd, all of Toronto.

Canadian H. K. Porter Co., Toronto : capital,
$50,000 ; to manufacture and deal in locomotives,
cars, trucks, machinery, tools, iron, and steel
work of all kinds. Incorporators, H. K. Porter,
W. E. Lincoln, W. E. Martin, Pittsburg, U.S.A.

Gareau Motor Car Co., Montreal ; capital.
$300,000 ; to construct and manufacture automo-
biles, motor vehicles and all kinds of motors,
engines and machines. Incorporators. J. Ther-
rien, N. Giroux. J. A. Therrien, Montreal.

The Sheet Metal Products Company of Can-
ada, Limited, with head office at Toronto, has
been incorporated. The incorporators include
W. J. and H. A. Holliday, manufacturers, and
H. H. Loosemore, banker, of Toronto.

Structural Steel.

OTTAWA.— The contract for the substructure
of the bridge over the Saskatchewan River at
the Pas Mission has been let to Mackenzie and
Mann, the contract figure being $100,000. The
contract for the superstructure of this bridge,
which will constitute the first link of the Hud-
son Bay Railway, was let to the Canada
Foundry Co. ■

EDMONTON.— Work on the big million-dollar
high level bridge across the Saskatchewan, that
is to connect Edmonton and Strathcona, the
twin cities of northern Alberta, is to be com-
menced at once. The contract for the approach-
es and substructure, including all excavation.
filling in and cement work, has been let by the
r.I'.R. to John Gunn & Sons. Winnipeg.

TORONTO.— Tenders are being called for the
new steel viaduct on Queen St. E.

KAMLOOPS, B.C.— Plans have been prepared
by direction of the minister of public works
for the new bridge' across the Thompson river
at Walhachin. The work will be started this
fall, and tha bridge, a steel structure, will cost
in the neighborhood of $30,000.

VANCOUVER. — A by-law providing a sum of
$250,000 is being put through by North Van-
couver, to defray the expenses of a bridge
across the Second Narrows of Burrard Inlet.
Two types of bridges are under consideration,
one is to have a bascule span in the center of
the Narrows and the other is to maintain the
same general design, but to substitute a lift
span in the centre for the bascule.

PORT ARTHUR.— The contract has been let.
totalling $30,000, for a reinforced concrete
bridge over Current River, to facilitate trans-
portation to the manufacturing district.

ST. JOHNS. QUE.— The loan of $16,667 has
heen authorized for the, construction of the
bridge between St. Johns and Iberville across
the Richelieu. Iberville is to advance half this
amount.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

7i

Planing Mill News.

CRAWFORD, B.C.— The Nicola Valley Lumber
Co., are to build a new mill.

NELSON. B.C.— W. H. Kreyscher. is organiz-
ing a company to rebuild his mill.

GALETTA, ONT— The Canadian Cooperage
Co. are figuring on erecting another stave and
hoop plant.

LULU ISLAND.— The Barnet-McDonald mill.
which was burned down last winter, will be re-
built, probably next year.

CROFTON, B.C.— A lumber mill to cost $750,-
000 is to be erected in this neighborhood as soon
as a suitable site is selected. This was decided
upon finally alter a conference between R. Mar-
pole, vice-president of the E. & N. railway and
W. E. Marsh, representing the American Finance
and Securities Co. A railway addition is to be
built in conjunction.

Saw Mill News.

RIVER CHARLES, N.B.— The saw mill owned
by C. I. Keith, was destroyed by fire recently
with a loss of $4,000.

RUSKIN. B.C.— The E. H. Heaps- lumber mill
was destroyed by fire recently. The loss will be
in the neighborhood of ?50,000. It is likely that
the mill will be rebuilt.

REVELSTOKE.— The Dominion Saw Mills and
Lumber. Ltd., is the title of a British Columbia
corporation which is now raising $4,000,000 on
the London money market by an issue of 6 per
cent, first mortgage debentures which will be
secured on some 140 square miles of timber
situated near Three Valley, a station on the
main line of the C.P.R. a few miles to the
west of Revelstoke. The authorized capital of
the company is $5,000,000.

Building Operations.

SACKVILLE.— B. C. Rayworth has commenced
work on a new concrete machine shop and
woodworking plant, which will be 35 x 60.

MONTREAL.— Contracts for the completion of
the new C.P.R. station amounting to $1,000,000,
have been awarded to C. E. Deakin.

BATTLEFORD.— Tenders for the construction
of the post office will be received until August
22. by R. C. Desrochers, assistant secretary.
Department of Public Works, Ottawa.

PORT DOVER.— The Board of Education have
decided to erect a new building for the use of
the High and the Public school. The estimated
cost is $15,000 and it is expected that the build-
ing will be ready for occupation in about a
year.

VANCOUVER.— The Electrical Construction
Co., will erect a new business block to cost
$16,000.

PRINCE ALBERT.— N. H. Russell is erecting
an abattoir.

TORONTO.— The Fairbanks-Morse Co., will
build a warehouse.

TORONTO.— Thos West, will build a 4-storcy
brick factory, to cost $15,000.

TORONTO— Mason & Risch Co. will erect a
6-storey reinforced concrete brick and steel
warehouse, at a cost of $100,000.

ST. LAMBERT. QUE.— Application has been
made from a shirt and collar manufacturing
firm in Troy, N.Y., for erecting a factory to
employ 400 hands.

OTTAWA. — A permit has been issued for the
new factory for the Continental Bag & Paper
Co. The building will be of solid brick, two
storeys high, and will cost $30,000.

FORT FRANCES— Peabody, Houteling & Co..
Chicago, one of the largest pulp and paper
manufacturing concerns in the United States,
have decided to erect an immense mill here.

BKRLIN. — The furniture factory of Baetz Bros.
& Co. was completely destroyed by fire recent-
ly, with a loss of about $30,000. The company
will rebuild if the town will grant a loan.

SASKATOON.— The Hill Mfg. Co.. whoso sash
and door factory was totally destroyed by fire
illy, are considering rebuilding in the au-
tumn so as to be ready for the next spring's
trade.

OSHAWA. — The contract for the erection of
aqi 10} uoitjppu 2uip[mq Ajoiaraj iajojs-aoaill 8i(1

ALUMINIUM

The 20th Century Metal'

You can

now get your Al-
uminium requirements
promptly attended to by our clients,
The British Aluminium Co., Limited, of
INPOTS d adc London, the largest producers
SHEETS,' RODS' in the United Kingdom.

MmrErnLD?Dc' Sole Agents f°r Canada : Parke &
NO I CHLD BARS. . ... ,r r., . /r, , „<-

CORNICES, WIRE, Leitn' 2°5 YonSe C''et <Bank of
CHANNELS, ETC. Toront° Building) - - - Toronto.

Lightest and most adaptable of the industrial

metals. Fills a hundred purposes where

the ordinary metals fail. Saves its

cost over and over again by

its lightness and easy

working qualities

To-day get Bul-
letin "D" on the
varied uses of
ALUMINIUM
(Parke & Leith)

JESSOP'S

BEST TOOL STEEL

"ARK" High-Speed Steel

THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STEEL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOP'S HIGH-GRADE FILES AND RASPS.

80 Bay St., Toronto, Ontaiio

Chas. L. Bailey, Agent.

Reid-Newfoundland Company

St. John's, Newfoundland.

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.
Montreal, Quebec
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd ,
St. John, New Brunswick

WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

Crucibles are part of the expense of your
foundry. It will pay you to be sure you're using
the best.

Dixon's Crucibles

have a record of 83 years behind them. You
will find them adapted to your melting.

Free booklet, 223- A, sent on request

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

JERSEY CITY,

N.J., U.S.A.

72

THE BEYER WATCHMAN'S PORTABLE
^.^ <ft CLOCK

IS TAMPER PROOF

and thoroughly reliable

Shall we send

Particulars?

G.C. BREDIN, Sales Agent

252 Dnndas St. London, Canada

Record Dials furnished (or all machines.

Do Your
Tumbling

in a Globe improved
Tilting Tumbler and
get finest results,
quickest and cheap-
est. It is made in six
sizes for all purposes
for wet or dry work.

"GLOBE"

Dies and Stampings.

Special Manufacturing
Contract Work.

If you want to get
an interesting little
magazine free, ask
for "THE SIL-
ENT PARTNER."

THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.

80S Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.

Canadian Agent :

H. W. PETRIE, Front St. W., Toronto, Canada

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Fcr general machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Oar catalogue shows many
stylts and sizis and is sent
fret.

The Cushman Chuck Go.

Hartford, Conn., U.S.I.

Established 1862

CANADIAN MACHINERY

McLaughlin Carriage and Automobile Co., has
been awarded to Robt. Bennet. Toronto.

NEW WESTMINSTER— Work has been com-
menced on a wire nail factory which will give
employment to one hundred men.

COB0URG-— The International Tool Steel Co.,
of Toronto, will build a plant in this town,
and work on the new factory is to commence
shortly. Tho estimated pay roll is $25,000 a
year, probably more. Tool steel will be manu-
factured.

Rumored Merger.

A charter is being applied for by a company
under tho name of the Steel and Radiator Co.,
Ltd., with a capital of $5,000,000 for the avowed
purpose of taking over the Expanded Metal Co-,
King Radiator Co., Dominion Radiator Co., all
of Toronto, and the Taylor-Forbes Co., of
Guelph. The promotion is in the hands of T.
H. Brown, and the directorate is composed of
Sir Henry Pellatt, Wallace Near, of the Page,
Persey Co., Welland ; M. J. O'Brien, Thos.
Home, R. J. Clufr, and T. H. Brown.

The proposition is said to be to take over
the Expanded Metal Co., and the King Radiator
Co., first, giving them shares in the new com-
pany and then gradually absorb the other
plants.

So many contradictory rumors are in circula-
tion that nothing definite can be said.

Deere & Co., for Welland.

The Canadian plant of Deere & Co., with head
works at Moline, 111., and branch factories at
numerous points in the United States, are go-
ing to build a million dollar plant at Welland
and will employ upwards of 1,500 men in the
manufacture of farm machinery. The firm was
not granted a bonus.

Steel Corporation United Offices,

Street, Toronto, are being remodeled, and here-
after will be the Toronto offices of the Steel
Corporation of Canada. The Montreal Rolling
Mills' office in the Home Life building,, and the
Dominion Wire Co.'s office at 27 Wellington
Street East, will be closed, and the staffs re-
moved to Bay Street. No changes will be made
in the representatives. Chas. G. Knott will, as
usual, look after the Canada Screw Co.'s busi-
ness ; Jno. H. Webber, the Montreal Rolling
Mills, and Thos. F. Hodgson, the Dominion
Wire Co.'s. This is the first move towards
amalgamation since- the varions companies form-
ed their merger.

Eadie-Douglas, Ltd., Extend Agencies.

Under the management of O. M. Mulligan,
formerly with Manning, Maxwell and Moore,
New York, Eadie Douglas, Ltd., 12-14 Univer-
sity St . , Montreal, with branch offices at 65
Victoria St., Toronto ; 445 Main St., Winnipeg :
and 81 Band St., Ottawa, have opened a me-
chanical and steam specialty department. The
following firms are represented : — B. F. Sturte-
vant Co., manufacturers) of fans blowers, -ven-
tilating sets, etc. : Shaw Electric Crane Co. ;
Piatt Iron Works, manufacturers of the Smith-
Vaile pumping machinery, condensers, etc. ;
Lcnher Engineering Co., manufacturers of Tay-
lor gravity underfeed stokers ; Direct Separator
Co., manufacturers of Sweet's steam and oil
separators, exhaust heads, etc. : James Beggs
& Co., manufacturers of Blackburn-Smith oil
filter and grease extractor ; Frank L. Patterson
& Co., manufacturers of Berriman feed-water
heaters, etc. : Linton Machine Co., manufac-
turers of combination feed-water heaters ; Al-
phons Custodis Chimney Construction Co., man-
ufacturers of radial brick and concrete machin-
ery, and several other companies. Valves, boiler
trimmings, engine room accessories, insulating
specialties, etc., will also be handled.

Side Head of the Verti-
cal Turret Lathe

A Big Factor in Reducing the Cost of

Production of Many Kinds of

Face Plate Work.

Plrtt SrtUna. V\ni Opwrtton.

Perhaps the greatest productive differ-
ence between modern and pre-modern
machine tools is the doubling up or
"tripling" up of cutting tools. One cut
at a time is no longer sufficient to get
competition-meeting results, and it was
the realization of this fact that led to
the designing of the Bullard Vertical
Turret Lathe.

Besides the main turret head this ma-
chine has a side head which enables the
operator to take simultaneous cuts on
various surfaces. It does not interfere
in any way with the operation of the
main head.

The illustration herewith shows a job
on whirh the Vertical Turret Lathe
made a new record of 90 min.

The piece is a 27£ in. piston on which
simultaneous cuts with the Side Head
cut 30 minutes from the best previous
time.

The Vertical Turret Lathe has two
heads — a turret head and a side head —
which allow two or more tools to be
used at the same time.

All the tools needed for a whole series
of operations are held in instant readi-
ness.

In a word the Vertical Turret Lathe
is a unique combination of the good
points, the advantages of the vertical
boring mill and the horizontal turret
lathe.

Its vertical construction allows many
a piece to be finished before it could be
chucked ready for work on a horizontal
turret lathe. For modern work— espec-
ially for duplicate pieces— the Bullard
Vertical Turret Lathe is an innovation.
It is a tool you must know about.

The entire sequence of operations on
the piece shown here and other pieces
is graphically illustrated in our new
catalogue, which is free for the asking.
Send for catalogue C-15.

The Bullard Machine Tool Co.

Bridgeport, Conn., U.S.A.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

73

Lar^e Order for Plows.

A contract to manufacture $250,000 worth of
plows, under the patent held by Dr. Rowntree,
of Red Deer, has been awarded to tho Edmon-
ton Iron Works, of which T. J. Cornwall is the
general manager. It covers a period of five
years and calls for the manufacture of 1,000
plows por year. The contract will make neces-
sary an extension of the plant on Kinistino
Avenue to nearly double its present size and
will mean the doubling of the present payroll.
Mr. Cornwall will at once visit the east to or-
der new equipment to the extent of $10,000 for
the manufacture of the plows.

New Works Started at Sydney.

The erection of new mills at the plant of the
Dominion Iron & Steel Co., has been commenc-
ed. The area to be cleared is near the chemical
company's plant and contains about 100,000
square feet of ground. The purpose of the ex-
cavation is to create a location for new or
rather extended departments. When the ground
has been prepared, foundations of1 concrete will
be laid for a new machine shop and locomotive
repair shop 500 by 130 feet, a foundry and black-
smith shop 500 by 130 feet, a boiler shop 250
by 130, a pattern shop and store house 300 by
60 feet, a warehouse 250 by 60 feet, and an oil
house 150 by 60 feet. These buildings will be
constructed of steel, and Sydney pressed brick
and concrete. When these buildings are ready
for occupation it is understood that the ma-
chinery at present in use will be transferred,
with a large order of additional apparatus,
from the original machine and other shops to
the new ones. The old buildings will probably
be removed to make way for new mills. The
erection of a new acid house near the coke
ovens department will also be shortly under-
taken. This building will have twice the pro-
ductive capacity.

New Car Shops for Montreal.

N". Curry, president of the Canadian Car Com-
pany, Montreal, was recently in Nova Scotia.
To a reporter he said the railway development
in Canada is so great that the output of cars
from Canadian plants this year will ex-ceed
that of any preceding year by fifty per cent.

"During the present year," said Mr. Curry,
' 'even if we book no further orders what-
ever, we have built or will build. 12,000 cars.
Of this number 4,000 are already delivered. Our
output, valued in money, amounts to betwe€>n
$1,1000,000 and $1,200,000 per month. This state-
ment includes all three of our plants. The or-
ders for passenger cars have amounted to only
110. These go to the G.T.P.. Canadian North-
ern, Temiskaming and Northern Ontario and
some of the smaller roads,'* Mr. Curry made
the announcement that his company is con-
sidering the erection in the near future, of a
plant to be devoted to the building of steel
passenger cars. He considers that the time will
soon be reached when all cars will be con-
structed of steel. At present the proportion of
steel utilized in the construction of cars is
rather variable. In some cases the under frame
is of steel, in others the top frame is of steel,
but the majority of cars are composed chiefly
of wood. The all-steel plant, Mr. Curry said,
will be located in Montreal. It will stand close
to the present plant. The surplus output of the
rolling mill at Amherst is now boing shipped
to Montreal. This consists of bar iron and
steel and malleable iron. With this outlet the
Amherst shops are at present extremely busy.
There are now 3,500 men on the pay roll of
the three plants.

Steel Mills for B.C.

The Middlesborough Steel Strip and Hoop Co.,
Middlesborough, Eng.. are interested in the pro-
ject for establishing an iron and steel plant,
including blast furnaces and rolling mills, in
British Columbia. The plant is to be erected

close to deposits of magnetite at San Juan and
Harris Creek, sixty miles northwest of Victoria.
A sum of $110,000 has already been spent In
preliminary development work at San Juan,
and there is now a shaft 300 feet down, with
cross-cuts at 100-ft., 20O-ft., and 300-ft. levels.
High-grade magnetite has been found at the
100-ft. level, and the deposits are considered to
be the largest workable on the Pacific slope.

Large Car Shops.

NEW WESTMINSTER. The British Columbia
Electric Railway Co. is now considering the
question of the erection of more extensive car
shops at some point on the lower mainland
where sufficient cars may be built to supply the
growing demands of the system. It is estim-
ated that shops giving employment to 1,000 or
1,200 men, will be required to fill the pro-
gramme of car construction for the next few
years which the company is now mapping out.

First Steel Craft at Winnipeg.

The first steel boat ever built on the Red
River was launched yesterday. It was built for
the Arctic Ice Co. by the Doty Engine Works
Co. Its dimensions are as follows : Length,
70 feet ; beam, 16 feet ; depth, 6 feet, and its
cost was $15,000. It has 80-horse power, and. is
of the twin screw structure.

Copper and Brass Companies Unite.

The Booth Copper Co., of Toronto, and Wm.
Coulter & Sons, brass manufacturers, Toronto,
are to amalgamate, and an application will
shortly be made to the Ontario Gavernment to
grant a charter to the Booth-Coulter Copper
and Brass Mfg. Co., the name of the amalgam-
ated concern. The capital will be $1,000,000. No
change will be made in tho personnel of either
companies for a while, at least. Coulter &
Sons' brass works on George Street will be
closed and the machinery transferred to the
larger premises of the Booth Copper Co., on
Sumach Street.

Brandon's Heating Plant.

The -Brandon Electric Co. have started oper-
ations upon their heating plant. This will be
the first venture of its kind in the Canadian
west and will be watched with interest. The
agreement between the Brandon city council and
the Brandon Electric Light Co. states that the
company will establish, maintain, and operate
a public steam heating plant for a oeriod of
twenty years. The rates to be charged fur heat,
according to the agreement, will be $1 per IT 00
pounds, on a monthly consumption \p to 10,-
OflO pounds, with a graduated reduction to any
consumers using an excess of 10,000 pounds per
month, according to the amount coiis-.-ji td , the
minimum charge per month to be 53 net.

Another Merger.

A Dominion charter has been granted to the
Sheet Metal Products Co., of Canada, capital-
ized at $5,000,000 with headquarters at Toronto.
Considerable mystery surrounds its formation.
Rumors have been prevalent for some time that
the Metallic Roofing Co., Toronto, Metal
Shingle & Siding Co.. Preston j The Pedlar
People, Oshawa. and the Gait Art Metal Co.,
Gait, were to be merged into one concern at the.
end of this year, and consequently the "Sheet
Metal Products Co.," with its big capitalization
has been connected with the proposed merger of
metal roofing concerns. The lawyers who are
the provisional directors of the company decline
to give out any information, and J. O- Thome,
managing director of the Metallic Roofing Co.,
whr-n asked for information stated that he was
interested in learning all he could about the
"Metal Products Co-," but said he could be
quoted as saying that his company had no con-

ONE MAN

can cut threads on 6-in. pipe with a

"BEAVER"

ADJUSTABLE DIE STOCK

No. 6, threading 1-4,3-8. 1-2, 3-4 in. complete.
No changing of Dies or Bushings.

*|11IM!S*^

No. 25B, 1 in. to 2 in.. R.H. complete.

No. 60, cuts 2*A, 3. i'A. 4. i'A, 5. and 6 inch pipe-

NOTE— That with the three tools
shown above you can thread from
1-4 in. to 6 in. pipe. No loose parts.

No. 41, cuts 2'A, 3, i% and 4 in. pipe.

WARREN" DIE STOCK

(Non-receding dies- adjustable.)
Each stock cuts two sizes. Made in four sizes.

Prices $5.00, $5.50, $6.00 and $7.00.

THEY SAVE TIME AND MONEY
Write for our Illustrated List

Borden-Canadian Co.

Richmond St. Eas', Toronto, Ont.

74

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Test It At Our Expense

We wish to introduce the

nection with the new concern. In his opinion
it seemed probable that the new company was
formed to take over the various stamped metal
ware manufacturing plants. A. E. Kemp, of
the Kemp Mfg. Co.. when interviewed, was also
eager for information but unable to throw any
light upon the proposed "Sheet Metal Products
Co."

smith and paint shop, and Richards and Tindle
the warehouse.

The outlay in connection with the extensions
and the installation of new machinery will be
$60,000. The firm is now employing 500 men,
and under the new conditions there will be
room for 200 additional.

Imperial Chuck

to every shop in Canada, and if you
will give an "Imperial" a fair trial.
we will send YOU one at our ex-
pense and risk. Keep it thirty days.
test and use it any way you can
think, and if it won't answer every
test you can apply, send it back at
our expense.

WE know how good is the "Im-
perial;" won't you avail yourself of
our offer ?

Write us to-day.

Ker & Goodwin

Brantford, Canada

Verity Plow Co. to Enlarge.

The following additions will be made to the
Verity Plow Company's works, Brantford :

An addition to the warehouse, 200 x 60 feet,
three storeys and a basement to be utilized
both for warehouse and manufacturing purposes ;
an addition to the blacksmith department, 200
x 30 feet, one storey : an addition to the paint
shop. 100 x 58 feet, one storey : the erection of
a new core room, 50 x 60 feet, one storey.

The contracts for the extentions have been
awarded. Eli Riddolls will build the black-

Russell Machine Co.

MACHINE TOOL

AND

DIE MAKERS
First-class Workmanship
Prices Right

Estimates Furnished to the Trade

Russell Machine Co.

St. Catharines, Ont.

Gurney-Tilden Co., Reorganize.

A new charter taken out in the name of the
Hamilton Stove and Heater Co., with a capital
of $600,000 has for its object the reorganization
of the Gurney-Tilden Co. John H. Tilden, for
many years president' and general manager re-
tires, and W. H. Carrick, formerly vice-president
and general manager of the Gurney Foundry Co.,
becomes president and general manager of the
new company.

The original intention of the new company
was to take over the four stove foundries of
Hamilton, namely : Gurney-Tilden Co., D.
Moore Co., Burrow, Stewart & Milne, and
Bower, Jamieson & Co., but although a couple
of meetings were held, the promoters were un-
able to complete negotiations, and Mr. Carrick
states that as far as his firm is concerned the
merger is off.

Pender Nail Works Merged.

Sydney— Reports of the purchase by the Do-
minion Iron and Steel Co. of the Pender Nail
Works, of St. John, N.B., have received confirm-
ation from James Pender, the owner of the lat-
ter concern.

The scheme to purchase is part of the Domi-
nion Iron and Steel Company's fight against
the new Upper Canadian Steel combine, which
has declared its intention of cutting into the
local firm's business. The idea is to manufac-
ture nails in the Maritime Provinces and ship
right through to Western Ontario by cutting
down the Company's steamers so that they can
get through the loo'is into the Great Lakes.

THE JOHNSON FRICTION CLUTCH

The Johnson Friction Clutch is so nicely balanc-
ed that it runs at any speed, high or low, without
the least bit of vibration, bang, or clatter. The
working parts are all completely covered so that
no dirt can get at them.

By using Johnson Clutches you can use the Line
Shaft direct for driving and thereby save not
only in power, but in countershatts, pulleys,
space and so on.

You will be interested in our "Book of Clutches
that Clutch." Send for Catalog No. 5.

Canadian Agents -.—CANADIAN FAIRBANKS CO.

Montreal Toronto Winnipeg Vancouver

Calgary and St. John

THE CAHLYLE JOHNSON MACHINE CO. Manchester conn

Clutch with

Pulley on

Hub

AIR TOOLS

ARE SUPREME

MECHANICALLY
AND ECONOMICALLY.

They are easily superior to all others in power, durability, ease of handling,
economy of air consumption and general efficiency. THOR TOOLS are simpla
in construction ; they run without vibration, and little attention and repairs are
necessary. ADOPTED AS THE STANDARD IN THE PRINCIPAL
PLANTS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.

SENT ON THIRTY DAYS' TRIAL— express charges paid both ways if
unsatisfactory. WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER.

Made in 50 different sizes, covering every possible Air Tool requirement.
Exclusive Canadian Agents-H. W. PETRIE, LTD.. 131 Front St. W.. Toronto
Cor. St. James and Little St. Antoine Sts., Montreal ; 422 Abbot St., Vancouver.

INDEPENDENT PNEUMATIC TOOL CO.

CHICAGO NEWYORK PITTSBURG SAN FRANCISCO

NORTHERN
ICRANESI

All sizes and types — electric or hand.

NORTHERN ENGINEERING WORKS, Detroit, Mich.. U. 8. A.

or, Canadian Dept., ADVANCE MACHINE WORK8, Ltd., Walkerville, Ont.

These cranes have
every recent im-
provement in crane
practice and many
exclusive features.

Bulletin Free.

Electric Hoists
Air Hoists

Overhead Trolley Tracks and
Trolley Systems
Bulletin free.

NORTHERN ENGINEERING WORKS, Detroit, Mich., U.S.A.
or, Canadian Dept., ADVANCE MACHINE WORKS. Ltd., Walkerville, Ont

The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement — tell him.

A Number of Interesting Railroad Shop Bending Devices

Each Operation, Jig or Bending Form is Illustrated and Described, so that Rail-
road Mechanical Men will at Once Understand the Tools and their Operation.

By Ethan Viall.

Nearly every railroad shop possesses
a numher of bending devices, besides the
regular bulldozer forms. For the bene-
fit of those who are not familiar with
these tools, I shall describe a number of
bending devices which I have seen in
various shops within the last few years.

be out of place to describe here how it
is done.

Instead of being done on a bulldozer,
a forging machine, of the Ajax type, is
used, the punches and dials being shown
in Fig. 2. Three strokes of the machine
are required for the forging of each end.
The first stroke leaves the rod in the
shape shown at A, the second stroke as
at B, the punch marked B doing the
work, and the third stroke the punch C
pierces the hole in the end of rod C.

Fig. 1. — Making Car Footholds.

All of us have seen the footholds or
steps on the sides of freight cars, but
few, perhaps, have ever given a thought
as to how they were made. Fig. 1 illus-
trates clearly how the bend and twist
is made on the bulldozer, at one opera-
tion.

The bending arms A-A are made like

Fig. 3.— Final Bend of Car Foothold.

The final bending of the end is done
in the cut-off of the machine, with the
punch and die shown in Fig. 3.

Another bending operation which is
done on the regular bulldozer is shown
in Fig. 4. The bending arms are the
same shape on the inside as the loop
to be formed, a piece of heavy boiler
plate being riveted to the top of them
to prevent the ends of the loop lifting
and being bent out of shape.

Fig. 5 is another interesting device
for bending a special loop. After the

Fig. 2. — Handholds and Forms

an inverted L on the half nearest the
end, in order to give the twist. The
curved guide B; is to keep the arms from
lifting during the twisting operation.

While the making of the handholds,
used on freight cars, is more of a forg-
ing, than a bending process, it will not

bend is made the forming punch is
drawn back and the bent piece lifted off.
The forming of handles for pokers,
slice bars and the like, i9 usually done
on a pneumatic bulldozer in two strokes,
the firsit operation being shown in Fig.
6.

Fig. 4.— Bending Operation.

This cut shows the first bend com-
pleted and the ram drawn back ready
for the second stroke, which is shown
finished in Fig. 7.

Fig. 5.— Bending Special Loop.

An eye bolt former is shown in Fig.
8.

The bending is done by means of a
rack H, which is fastened to the ram of

Fig. 6.— First Operation Bending
Handle.

Slice Bar

the bulldozer. As this rack moves for-
ward it turns a small pinion fastened to
the bottom of M, which causes the block

34

CANADIAN MACHINERY

K to travel around, bending the end of

the rod as it goes.

A quick way to bend small clevises,
used on brake chains, is shown in Fig.
9.

Fig. 1. — Complete Handle.

These clevises are first punched out
of sheet metal in a punch press and then
shoved through the loop as shown.

Sonu of the bent clevises are lying on
the bed of the machine, at the left.

Practically the same thing in a sta-
tionary form is Fig. 11.

Fig. 12 is a port able rail bender, an
eceentrie at 1' giving the stroke, while
the plunger is fed out by nut H, which
has right and left threads.

Fig. 13 is a hand bender for forming

Fig. 9. — Bending Small Clevise.

S-links from iron rod up to J inch in
diameter. Fig. 14 shows how it is used
by setting the shank in the hardy hole
of the anvil. The operator shown in
this cut is Joseph Damm, blacksmith
foreman of the Wabash H. R. shops.

blocks and is heavy enough to do all
kinds of bending on.

An arbor press that is good for some
kinds of bending as well as pressing
mandrels in or out, is shown in Fig. 16.

Fig. 11. — Homemade Stationary Bulldozer.

The sliding head is counterbalanced by
a. weight and rope, running over pulleys,
fastened at B. Steel pins inserted in
the holes in the sides prevent the head

Fig. 8. — Eyeholt Former.

One of the most convenient portable
bulldozers, for bending angles or other
forms, is shown in Fig. 10.

The whole affair is homemade and was
buik for hard usage.

Fig. 10.— Portable Bulldozer.

Fig. 15 shows one of the best clamp-
ing anvils imaginable. It was made out
of east iron blocks and other scraps
found around the shop, and may be used
to hold swages, bending forms or die

rising under pressure. The lugs cast on
the hand wheel allow the use of a long
lever for heavy work. In order to pre-
vent the frame of the press from being
twisted out of shape on heavy work the

II

/

'•-< -

i

Fig. 12.— Portable Rail Bender.

Fig. 13.— Hand Bender.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

■Hand Bender in TTse.

sides are braced at the top by heavy
wooden beams. The cast iron V-fonn

Fig. 15.— Clamping Anvil.

is very handy for various jobs, and es-
pecially for mandrels.

Fig. 16.— Arbor Press.

TOOLS AND FORMERS.*

By Arthur Stockall.**
There is continually a demand for
more economy in tools and speed in
manufacturing, and this requires that
tools and formers bo constantly changed
in shape so as to reduce breakage in
material, cost of tools and time in
making a given piece of work. There-
fore, IN THE DESIGNING OF TOOLS
THERE ARE THREE THINGS THAT
SHOULD BE BORNE IN MIND : TO
BE EASY ON MATERIAL, EASY ON
TOOLS AND EASY TO HANDLE. IN
THE CARRYING OUT OF THESE
THINGS LIES THE TRUE SUCCESS
IN HANDLING OUR WORK; for I
think that it is better to have two
simple tools to make one piece of work,
than one complicated and expensive
tool, with the danger of breaking the
material in the end.

The formers for the bulldozer, I
think, can be made cheaper and more
conveniently with cast iron, reinforced
with hardened steel at the places where
friction will take place, so that instead
of wearing out the casting, the steel
will take the strain and when this is
worn out it can be removed and a new
piece put in. In other formers, or in
fact wherever possible, the roller tool
should be used as the best means to
save material and power.

Then there is a tool that can be used
to make a lot of work, such as freight
car steps, carrier irons for passenger
cars, glands and all such work where a
double bend is required, or a good
square corner is needed. I mean a tool
with a "hinge made so that it will move
back far enough to allow the iron to be
put in and far enough apart to let the
ram come down to square up the crown
or middle of the work, thus making a
good clean square job that no one need
be ashamed of.

As I said before, these tools may be
made out of good clean castings rein-
forced with steel at wearing points and
machined where necessary and by a lit-
tle foresight they may be made so that
one former, with a liner put in, can be
used for different articles of almost the
same shape, but of a different size ; this
will save cost of tools and cheapen pro-
duction.

Use of High Speed Steel.
In all cases where cutting or punch-
ing hot material is required high speed
self hardening steel is the stuff. It
costs more to put it in, but does its
work splendidly and it is a relief to the
burdened foreman and a joy to the
worker, with no more running water, no

* Read before Master Blacksmith's Association,
Chicago.

** Foreman forge shop. I.C.Il. shops. Moncton.
N. B.

35

more burning and peeling of die, or
punch, or cutter, and consequent bend-
ing and breaking of tools with the ma-
chine on the hog half the time, with
the toolmaker swearing and workman
grumbling.

I well remember my own experience
of four years ago in this line. I was
punching a lot of steel follower plates.
They were pretty hard and of course
the usual trouble was intensified by
this. If we used water to cool the
tools, they split and broke, and the man
wading in mud, grumbling and doing
very little. I was about to give it up
and fall back on the drill ; but high
speed steel came into my head, and off
I started for the toolmaker and stated
my case.

"I won't do it," he said ; "it is only
a waste of time and material."

"Let's try it, anyway," I said.

"I won't" he replied, and he would
not, until I went to the master me-
chanic and got his doubtful consent,
and at last the tools were made and
put in, and the difficulty was gone.
High speed steel is undoubtedly the
stuff for this kind of work and pays
100 p.c. every time.

I used to think that mild steel was
good enough for bolt headings, etc., and
I tried it thoroughly, but it was not
satisfactory. It would burn up in spite
of all I could do. "Caseharden it,"
said my bolt maker. This I did, with
the result that almost always the block
would warp or bulge out in the middle
and in grinding this out the caseharden-
ing would be all gone and my labor
went for nothing. Then I heard a man
say cast iron chills are fine, and cheap.
I tried this and found that the blocks
would chip and split in two. Chilled
tools in my opinion are a waste of
time ; but I consider good clean cast
iron tools superior to any of the other
above mentioned for durability and
economy. They can -be put in and used
with a little grinding and when used
up can be sold for scrap for more than
scrap soft steel. But, I think, from my
experience, that self hardening or a
good water tempering steel is best for
this work. It costs more, but lasts
longer and does better work while it
does last, and for machine forgings of
all sorts a good hard, tough cast steel
is best.

For steam hammer tools nothing is
too good. You can make an endless
variety of things under them and a good
material for these tools is the question.
A dense grained cast steel top and bot-
tom of about .30 carbon ; for wedges
a good hard soft steel is the best ; for
forming blocks, cast iron with a
wrought iron band around it to keep it
from spliting, gives a tool that will
make almost anything.

Keeping the Toronto Street Railway Cars in Service

Many Useful Devices are in Use which Facilitates the Work and
Reduces to a Minimum the Time a Car is in the Shop for Repairs.

QUICK repair and economy are two
watchwords in the shops of the
Toronto Railway Co., Toronto.
Many devices are in use to hasten re-
pairs and keep the cars in service. Eco-
nomical methods are followed to keep
the cost of repairs down to a minimum.
Fig. 1 shows a jig for boring arma-
ture bearings. The jig has a s?rew (E)

By Gordon C. Keith.

types of trucks. The jig is shown by-
drawing in Fig. 2. In drilling the hang-
er, the undrilled hanger is first drilled
on one end. It is then placed in the
jig and the pin inserted in the 'hole, de-
pending on the length required, as shown
in Fig. 3. The set-screw adjusts the
brake shoe hanger so that it takes the
proper position when inserted in the jig;

th

-e*

PIT

Fig. 1. — Jig for Armature Bearing.

in one end to fit the headstock of a lathe.
A is a lug, one being as shown, and a
solid one on the opposite side to balance
it. The jig is split on one side, the split
being opened up by a piece of sheet steel
to remove bearing easily. C is the bolt
to lock jig. It is shown enlarged at D.
B is a slot in the lug for locking the

-

mmudjfl ^

Fig. 4.— Details of Brake Shoe Jig.

The drill is guided by the steel bushing
B, Fig. 2, and there are three different
sizes to suit the shoes for various trucks.
Fig 4 shows the details of the jig with
a brake shoe hanger. With this jig there
are no short and long hangers, all being
standard length.

Fig.

-DetailB of Brake

bolt, keeping the bolt from working out
of the jig and thus holding the bearing
securely during the boring operation on
the lathe.

Drilling Brake Shoe Hangers.
The jig for drilling broke shoe hang-
ers will accommodate eight different

— = — -r

n

Brush Holder Gauge.
Fig. 5 shows a gauge for adjusting
brush holders of the yoke type. To the
metal bedplate is bolted a cylinder, the

Fig. 6. — Side View of Gauge with Dummy
Carbon.

same size as the average commutator.
In the centre is a steel post about 4 ins.
in diameter. It will be noted in the il-
lustrations Fig. 5, 6 and 7, that the cen-
tre post is slotted to receive a steel
dummy carbon brush, the cylinder also
being slotted to allow the passage of the
steel plate.

A section through the jig at AB, Fig.
5, is shown. C is the distance from cen-
tre of shaft to brush-holder base. D is
guide to make carbon meet commutation
square. E is an adjustable bracket bolt-
ed to the bedplate, to make allowance
for the difference between centres of the
different types of motors.

:

! IND

1 j

—,

o

o
I. Ql

o

a

— i

Fig. 5.— Adjusting

Fig- 3.— Brake Shoe Hanger Jig Complete.

Brush Holder
Type.

of the Yoke

The complete brush-holder is bolted
to the adjustable bracket, Fig. 7, and if
correct, the dummy will pass through the-
carbon-holder cylinder, and pass into the
slot in the centre post. The brushes are
set at 45 degrees to the centre line. At
F, in Fig. 5, the holes are drilled and
tapped in base to suit different types, as
previously mentioned, in regard to F.
G is the brush templet, made the same
section as the brush, but long enough to

CANADIAN MACHINERY

37

reach through brush-holder, through the
cylinder and into the inside slot, as ex-
plained above.

Protecting Machinery.

The protection of the workmen from
accidents is important in keeping the
staff of workmen complete. The ma-
chinery, sueh as drills and planers, which
have open belts, are protected by an iron

Fig. 7. — Jig Complete Showing Dummy

Carbons in Place. A Dummy Carbon is in

Foreground.

fence. Fig 7 shows the protection around
the belts and pulleys of a drill.

Machining Car Wheels.

The machining of car wheels is very
important, and the master mechanic, W.

Fig. 8. — Protecting Workmen trom Injury.

R. McCrea, and his foremen are kept in
close touch with the work. The wheels
must be pressed on the axles at a cer-

tain tonnage. Records are kept of the
mechanic who has charge of the boring
of each wheel and who presses them on
the axle. If a wheel slips, the record
shows who machined them. As each
wheel is numbered, the keeping of the re-
cords is a simple matter.
(When a car is in service some of the

in Fig. 10. The other side corresponds
to the one shown. By means of the
handle A, the rest B to which the wheel
is attached is moved backward and for-
ward similar to the tool rest of a lathe.
By means of the wheel C the bracket D
is raised or lowered, adjusting the grind-
er to the car wheel.

Fig. 9. — Arrangement for Grinding Flats from Wheels.

wheels often develop flats. These are
removed by grinding. For this oper-
ation the arrangement of motor, shaft
and grinders shown in Fig. 9 has been
devised. An ordinary starting box is
used for turning on the power when the
wheels are lowered into position. The

Tool Room.
The tools are all in charge of one man,
who is an expert tool grinder. As each
tool is given out, the workman presents
a brass check on which is his number.
The check is hung in the place occupied
by the tool and the mechanic is held re-
sponsible for its safe return. The grind-
ing is done on a Yankee Tool Grinder

Fig. 10. — Details of Wheel Grinding Machine.

portion of the track on which the truck
shown in the illustration is removable
allowing the wheels to be lowered to the
grinder.
Details of the arrangement are shown

Fig. 11. — Babbitt Furnace.

made by Wilmarth & Norman, Grand
Rapids, Mich. The man in the tool room
keeps all tools sharpened.

In the tool room are standard samples
of all small pieces. These, also, -are
given out to workmen on presentation
of check and the employe is held re-

38

CANADIAN MACHINERY

sponsible for any sample he secures from
the tool room.

Homemade dies are made to run over
the thread on the end of armatures.
This removes any bur without putting
it into a lathe.

Melting Babbitt.
The babbitt for armature and axle
bearings is melted in the pots shown in

Fig. 14. — Painting Car Fenders.

and furnace carry away all fumes. Fig.
12 shows the interior of the melting

Fig. 12.— Melting Babbitt from Bearing.

Fig. 11. At X is a MeCabe nozzle in-
vented by Mr. McCabe, an employe of
the Toronto Street Railway Co. Gas
and air are blown through a small ori-
fice and a very hot flame is produced,
melting the babbitt in about half the
time usually required.

At 'the right of Fig. 11 is shown rhe
furnace in whieh babbitt is removed
from bearings. A hood covering pots

from armature bearings is used for axle
bearings. When babbitt is melted from
axle bearings it is scrapped. This is an-
alyzed and is brought up to original form.

The oven is built of firebrick. As the

Fig. 15.— Thermit Welding.

furnace. There are four burner.- below
and one above. The babbitt melted

Fig. 13.— Car Cleaning Outfit.

Fig. 1C— Casting Showing Weld.

Fig. 17. — Armatur.' Repairing Stand.

firebrick melts it runs into an ingot
mold. The oven is also used fjr solder-
ing brass axles together, this method
being much quicker than by the charcoal
Arc.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

39

McCabe Cleaning System. coupled on the same bedplate. The com-

Tlie Toronto Street Railway Co. uses pressor is installed on a small ear,

the McCabe combined compressed air arranged to run on the street railway

and vacuum system of cleaning. The system, and fitted with the necessary

Fig. 18. — Hydraulic Press for Commutator.

air compressor is a Rea veil's single
stage, water-jacketed type, installed by
Vandeleur & Nichols, Toronto. It is de-

m
I

electrical equipment and air receiver as
shown in Fig. 13.

The McCabe cleaning apparatus coi>
gists of a short pipe in which a nozzle is
fixed sii that it points (parallel with the

Painting Car Fenders.

Car fenders are painted by means of
an atomizer. The paint is blown on by
compressed air, the surplus paint drip-
ping into a paint vat below. The ar-
rangement is shown in Fig. 14. All
paint vats are covered when not in use
as a precaution against fire.

Thermit Welding.

The thermit system ot cast iron weld-
ing is used by the street railway com-
pa.ny, the welding being carried on under
the supervision of the master mechanic.
Fig 15 shows the thermit iron running
into the mold while Fig. 16 shows the
repaired case.

For welding the casting is set in posi-
tion in a one-piece mold, the casting be-
ing packed around with green sand and
fire, provision being made for a supply
of metal around the broken part, riser,
etc. The heat of the thermit reaction is
approximately 5400 degrees F.

Electrical Department.

Many interesting methods are used by

the Toronto Street Railway Co. to make

'repairs to motors as quickly as possible.

Pig. 17 shows a unique manner of re-

Fig. 21. — Mica Slotting Machine.

Fig. 19.— Core Winding Machine.

siimed to deliver 60 ft. free air per
minute and a pressure up to MM) lbs.

pipe.) towards the discharge end. The
nozzle is connected to the compressed
air. The compressed air discharging
out of the nozzle into the pipe, drives
t lie air into the pipe towards the dis-

Kig.

20.— Slotting Commutator
ncctions.

for Wire Con-

per square in. It is driven through raw-
hide gearing by a Laurence Scott motor,

Fig. 22.— Tapeing Machine.

charge end, creating a vacuum at the in-
let, thus causing a current of air to en-
ter at the inlet end and pass out at the
discharge end. This mechanism is
known as the vacuum machine.

pairing armatures. ' A cast iron stand is
fastened to the floor 'by coach screws.
The armature is then stood up per-
pendicularly for repairing as shown- in
the illustration.

A hydraulic press for putting com-
mutators on and off is shown in Fig. 18.
The press is worked by hand. The illus-
tration shows the armature in position
with side rods on the hydraulic press.

Fig. 19 shows a core winding machine.
The man is in position for winding the
cores and three are made at once. The
machine is equipped with a foot brake.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 20 is
a lathe attachment for slotting arma-
turea for wire connections. . The
machine shown in Fig. 21 is a mica
slotting machine. Sine;' taking the
photograph a further improvement has
hern made. Instead of milling out the
sluts, a cutter has been substituted and
the belt done away with. By means of
a lever and eccentric a groove is cut at

40

CANADIAN MACHINERY

one stroke. The cutter is adjustable to
any size armature. The improved
machine is much more efficient than the
one run by the belt.

Fig. 22 shows one of the tapeing
machines in operation. The machine

wire cloth and screens have been great-
ly simplified and improved by them.

A recent improvement has been the
addition of the large wire cloth rolls
shown in the illustration. While wire
cloth has the advantage over perforat-

Fig. 23.— Small Air Tresses and Tapeing Machines.

operates in the direction of the arrow,
the tape being fed from the small wheel
•at the side. The tape is put on smoothly
and quietly.

The small air presses are shown in the
'foreground of Fig. 23. By means of
these paper is put on the coils with hot
glue. Two of tapeing machines are in
operation, the countershaft for them be-
ing underneath the table.

The field coils are tested by the press
shown in Fig. 24 under a pressure of 5
tons. A coil is shown in position. The
ram has iron wings which presses down
the coil, and if there are any loose wires
they will short circuit under the pres-
sure.

ed metal for sieving purposes, in many
cases the rough or uneven surface of the
former has teen a great disadvantage.
This has been overcome by passing the
cloth between heavy rolls to flatten the
crowns of the wire. The B. Greening
Wire Co. have always done a large
amount of this work, and lately, finding
the demand for same very largely in-
creased, they installed rolls to take
care of the demand for medium weight
screens. This proved such a success
that the firm were encouraged to put in
heavier rolls. These rolls are now in-

Fiekl Coil Press.

stalled, and are probably the heaviest
rolls to be found in any wire cloth
plant on the continent.

The installation of these rolls shown
in the illustration marks the comple-
tion of a wire weaving plant that is
equal to that of any concern in the
world making the same class of work.

WIRE CLOTH ROLLS.

The B. Greening Wire Co., Hamilton,
have been steadily improving their
plant and equipment. New machines
have been installed from time to time
and the processes of manufacturing

Heavy Wire Cloth Rolls Installed by the B, Greening Wire Co., Hamilton,

Devices Employed in a Small Railway Repair Shop

Some Ways and Means of Handling Work, as used in the Pere Marquette Shop,
St. Thomas, which is a Small Place with limited Labor-Saving Equipment.

The machine shop, devoted exclusively
to repair work, has probably reached its
highest stage of development in the rail-
way world, for from the very rough
usage afforded locomotives and rolling
stock in general, they are constantly un-

By Fred H. Moody, B.A.Sc.

one of the many shops throughout Can-
ada.

The Pere Marquette shops at St.
1 homas afford an excellent example of
the foregoing, as here rolling stock for
both the Pere Marquette and Wabash

•K — 1

pCTfllt. Of fOOL

at:

:jb::h

.3

Bo«ri*6 i-liu fftci *»i_*-rf.

Fig. 1.— Coak Lang Tool for Cutting Piston Rings.

dergoing more or less extensive repairs.
It is for that reason, that in many cases
these railway repair shops have reached
the very highest stage of machine shop

Railroads, is repaired. In addition, as
both these lines do not do a very exten-
sive Canadian business, the rolling stock
is not as great as on many other of our

development. However, even though the
very latest and most up-to-date appli-
ances be introduced, irom the very great
variety of work to be handled, in making
difficult repairs, each shop seems to have
risen to the occasion and developed its
own line of special appliances. This may
be readily verified by a trip though any

Machine Shop.
This department is well equipped to
meet most exigencies ; yet, several neat
little schemes have been devised and put
into use by the foreman, S. W. Cook.
Chief among these is a gang tool for
finishing up piston rings expeditiously.
This is shown in Fig. 1. In design, it is
very simple, consisting of a fixture to be
attached to the vertical boring mill tool
post by a taper shank held in place by a

Rolling Piston Rods.

lines, with the result that the shops are
of only medium size. This fact makes it
all the more essential that many devices
he improvised to do the work. These
conditions have been well met in these
shops, of which Mr. Montgomery is mas-
ter mechanic, and Mr. Griffiths general
foreman.

<&

| A^HDLt

. 1

>

Fig. 3.— Small Air Drill.

therefore readily removable,
close examination of its con- '
a large variety of sizes may
as the tools may be shifted

key and
From a
struction,
be handled,
as desired to give the proper width of
ring. 'I he strain of the set screws on
the tools is taken up by a plate shown
at the bottom of the tool. The stock
piece requires no comment being of the
usual type. It will be noticed that the
tools are set, each one slightly back of
the one above, so that while the operat-
ing cuts are simultaneous, the rings are
separated one after the other. Several

Fig. 4. — Cross Sectional View of Small Air
Drill.

of these tools are in use in Detroit
where it was first devised.

Fig. 2 shows a tool, which, while not
new in principle, is yet new in its appli-
cation. It is used for putting a finish on
piston rods, after the lathe tool has
done its work. As shown, it consists of
two hardened steel rollers on an arm
which may be attached in the tool post
of any lathe. The outer part of the
holder is hinged as shown, so that this

42

CANADIAN MACHINERY

portion may be swung back and the tool
placed around the piston rod in the
lathe. The holder is adjusted perpendi-
cularly to the rod, and shoved up to the
shaft until the right hand roller is pres-
sing it, and then the left hand one is
tightened on the rod by the set screw
shown, the whole tool being first made
rigid by tightening up the hinged por-
tion. The rod receives a mirror finish,
at the same time in no way interfering
with the accuracy of the previous ma-
chine work. The same type of tool,
with but one roller, is used extensively

Fig. 5.— Forging the Ends of a Car Coupler
Pocket.

in railway shops for finishing coach
wheel journals, and similar bearings, as
the surface produced is perfect .

C. Trumper, the toolmaker, has made
a very neat little air drill which has
been found very useful for drilling small
holes. This is shown in Fig. 3, and the
construction clearly shown in the cross-
sectional view, Fig. 4. It operates on
the same principle as that used in sever-
al recent attempts at producing a high
speed rotary steam engine. The shaft is
placed excentrically leaving a space on
one side. Air impinges against protrud-
ing steel blades in the brass rotor, caus-
ing it to revolve at an extremely high

•=r^9

Fig. 6.— Car Coupler Pocket Being Bent.

speed. The air exhausts as shown. The
centrifugal force of the revolving blades,
keeps them out, requiring no springs tor
that purpose. While, as previously men-
tioned, it produces considerable power, it
is by no means an economical device, as

the air escapes at nearly full pressure,
but little allowance being made for ex-
pansion. It answers all requirements,
which in this case is a more important
[actor than thermodynamic consider-
ations.

As usual in such shops, there arc the
usual cylinder boring and crank pin turn-
ing attachment for refinishing the cylin-
der and crank pin without using a boring
mill or lathe. The crank pin turning de-
vice is one improvised in the shops, for
their own services, and is driven as usual
through a train of gears, from a motor.

The Pere Marquette and Wabash use
different types of babbit piston rod
packing rings, the former being made
in one piece, while the latter is formed
from three specially shaped pieces.
These pieces, two of which are similar,
are roughly made in a simple little de-
vice, an opening die, very easily oper-
ated by two levers, around a pin,
slightly smaller than the piston rod.
They are afterward machined to re-
quirements.

It is customary in making thrust
bearings for the locomotive drivers, to
first recess the driver hub, and fit in a
brass collar, made in two sections, to
be placed over the shaft, and then rivet
in place, and finish the face. This in-
volves finishing both driver hub, inner
face of bearing, and finally the outer
face of the latter when completed. Here
a different method is employed, saving
much of the machine work. The axle
with drivers is placed on end and an
old piston ring slightly larger than the
desired bearing placed loosely arouni
the axle. The hub has previously been
roughed out. A small blast furnace
holding a small pot, melts sufficient
brass for all requirements. This brass
is poured into the recess in the hub,
and flows out in the vessel formed by
the rings. When hardened, the drivers
are reversed, and the other end treated
similarly, after which the rough brass
is finished as required. This process
obviates much of the machining other-
wise required.

Blacksmith Shop.

Much ingenuity has been required on
the part, of Mr. Tanner, foreman
blacksmith, for the equipment is very
limited. Probably the most missed ma-
chine, is a bulldozer. The steam ham-
mer, however, has been made to take
its place very well, though with noth-
ing like the same rapidity of produc-
tion. This latter feature is not the
important factor in a repair shop.

An example of the many ways in
which the steam hammer is made to
do the services of a bulldozer is afford-
ed by examining the production of a
forging for a car coupler pocket. In
general shape, the coupler is like a U,
with the arms slightly crimped, and

the ends bent in. A bulldozer would
crimp, punch and bend the stock, one
operation for each end, and then in a
third operation, would double into the
U shape. A somewhat similar set of
dies is here used, the first set shown
in Fig. 5. The stock of the requisite
length, has the end heated, and placed
on the lower die as shown. On top of
this is placed the upper die, guided by
the guide pin, and in a couple of blows

Fig. 7.— Forge Die for Crank Pin Nut.

of the hammer on top of the upper die
tho end is forged. Pins are next placed
in the holes shown, and the bolt holes
in the coupler punched through. This
operation is repeated for the other end.
A similar procedure is employed to
bend the ends into the U shape, as
sho-wn in Fig. 6. The hammer strikes
the upper die, forcing the strap down
into the lower die. Careful adjustment
is necessitated, as otherwise the ends
would be uneven.

The absence of a drop hammer is not
seriously felt, as a series of dies, some-
what similar to that in Fig. 7 are
used. An ingot of iron or steel as de-
sired, is placed in the die, and ham-
mered under the steam hammer, to

Clanging Die.

(ill the die. A large variety of drop
forge work is done in this way.

It is customary when flanging boiler-
plates, in the ordinary shop, to use
cast iron dies, of the correct curve on
which to do the flanging. This process
is used at tho Pere Marquette shops,
and a large variety of dies carried in

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

stock, but it has been found, that for
repair work, to meet all requirements,
more dies than they carry would be
necessitated. Fig. 8 shows the P. M.
method of obviating this difficulty. A
2J"x3'4"' steel bar is bent to a shape,
much the same as that shown, the left
end forming a series of curves of grad-
ually increasing diameters, on the prin-
cipal of the French curve used by
draftsmen. This has proved a useful
acquisition.

The most characteristic feature of the
blacksmith shop, showing their ability
to improve on conditions, is the me-
thod employed for handling frames
while forging. Customarily, one crane
is used, the frame revolving on a ring
in a looped chain from the crane, while
the lighter end of the frame is balanced
with the heavier by attaching a lot of
heavy weights, an inconvenient, and
cumbersome operation. In the handl-
ing of the frame a small gang of men

is required. At these shops two swing
cranes are made use of, the frame be-
ing slung as before described near either
end. These cranes are so placed that
the frame may be swung from the fire
directly under the hammer, requiring a
minimum of help for its manipulation.
This feature has proved an inestimable
boom for facilitating frame repairs.

Boiler tube repairs are made in a
manner similar to that employed else-
where.

In conclusion, the St. Thomas shops
afford an excellent example of what can
be done in quite a small shop. It shows
how ingenuity can be used to cope
with the various exigencies that arise
from time to time. The expeditious
manner in which the work can be
handled is remarkable when it is con-
sidered that the shops only have a cap-
acity for handling six locomotives,
which is considered quite a small shop.

Joint Meeting of British Institute and the A.S.M.E.

Subjects Discussed by Mechanical Engineers of Great Britain and
American Society of Mechanical Engineers at Birmingham and London-

THE Mechanical Engineers of Great
Britain and the American Society
of Mechanical Engineers held a
joint meeting at Birmingham and Lon-
don, at which a number of important
subjects were treated. Two professional
sessions were held at Birmingham, the
first of interest to railroad men, the
second to machine shop men. The third
session held in London was devoted to
the electrification of railroads. About
700 were in attendance at the convention
and besides the professional sessions,
these enjoyed trips to points of interest
and to the various manufacturing plants
in the vicinity of the meetings.

The first paper was on "English Run-
ning Shed Practice," by Cecil W. Paget,
Derby, England. Running shed is the
British term for. Round House. Running
Sheds in England are two types, those
in which the tracks are parallel and
those in which the tracks radiate from
a turntable. Mr. Pagent described the
modern type of shear legs, used to lift a
locomotive while removing its wheels.
Other features described are the system
of keeping stock and supplies, lighting,
arrangements for washing out, methods
of coaling, ash pits and water softening
equipment. The account of running shed
arrangements comprehensively covers in-
spections of locomotives and their parts,
running repairs, washing out of boilers,
reports on engine failures, cleaning, sys-
tem In passing engines through the re-
pair shops and assigning them to their
drivers, and the study of the results from
statistics of the work of the various
sheds. This system is that practiced by

the Midland Railway, of which the au-
thor is the general superintendent.

Engine House Practice
F. H. Clark, Chicago, gave a paper on
"The Handling of Locomotives at Ter-
minals to Secure Continuous Operation."
It refers to such features of design and
equipment as are considered good prac-
tice in the United States. A typical en-
gine house is illustrated and described,
and different types of coaling stations,
sand drying apparatus, water tanks, ash
pits and turntables. In contradistinction
to English practice, instead of shear
legs to raise a locomotive while remov-
ing its wheels, it is the custom in the
United States to provide drop pits by
means of which wheels may be removed
and replaced without jacking up the en-
gine. Other details of the engine house
construction and appointments are elab-
orated upon, including the building it-
sdf, the pits, heating and lighting, tool
equipment, storage of materials for re-
paint, oil, &c., and means for washing
boilers, etc.

Papers on handling locomotives at ter-
minals were given by Frederic M. Whyte,
New York, and William Forsyth, Chi-
cago.

Handling Engines

By H. H. Vaughan, Montreal.
This paper discusses particularly the
practice of pooling engines. As to
whether it is desirable or not depends,
in the author's opinion, on whether the
engines are engaged in passenger or
freight service, and in the latter case
on the conditions which exist. He pro-
ceeds then to take up these two kinds

of service separately, and concludes
that in passenger service pooling is ob-
jectionable under any conditions, and
should be avoided if possible, and that
in freight service pooling is advisable
if conditions are such that engines can-
not be run with assigned crews, and
probably on divisions where business is
so heavy that 60 engines per day or
over are dispatched from the terminal.
Where assigned crews can h«3 used on
engines the cost of repairs, the amount
of fuel consumed and the class of ser-
vice obtained will all be more satisfac-
tory.

Second Session.

The second session was of interest to
machine shop men. An abstract of the
papers is here given :

High Sreed Tools and Machines to Fit
Them.

By H. I. Brackenbury, Newcastle-on-
Tyne, England.

After briefly reviewing the history of
high speed steel tools and the gradual
extension of their use in the 10 years
since they were first introduced, the
author defines the properties that make
it useful and the three general classes
in which such steels may be divided :

A, for cutting mild and medium steel.

B, for cutting hard steel.

C, for cutting very hard steel and for
use where a sharp and lasting cutting
edge is required.

With regard to the power required to
remove material, it has been found that
more is required for a thin wide chip
than for one of double the thickness and
half the width, and at high speeds, less
power is required than at low speeds
up to a certain point. It is difficult to
lay down rules for cutting speeds, as
conditions are so variable and it may
be more important to preserve the edge
and avoid frequent sharpening than to
use the highest allowable speed. "The
proper cutting angle for a tool is the
sharpest which will not break at the
edge, as the sharper it is the less power
is required. As high speed steel has
improved, it has been found possible to
make the cutting angle more acute.

On turret lathes the highest class of
high speed steel is now being used and
in tools with a very sharp cutting an-
gle. In twist drills the steel has been
found particularly valuable, in-
creasing the amount of work done in
a given time three-fold as compared
with tempered steel drills and reducing
the frequency of grinding. Generally
speaking, full advantage is not taken of
the cutting powers of high speed steel.

The author advocates setting aside
certain machines for roughing only.
Usually old machines have enough
power for finishing, and increasing their
belt speed, so that they may be run
with the back gear in, makes them offi-
cii nt. Regarding considerations affect-
- ing the fitness of machines for the use
of high speed steel, it is pointed out
that more is involved than the mere
ability to remove a large amount of
metal in a short time, If such a demand
upon it is infrequent, as such a machine
is expensive for use on light work and
when idle. A machine should be select-
ed with reference of the kind of work it
will have to do most of the time.

Objections to cone driven machines
are mentioned, and the greater desira-
bility of geared speed changes or var-

44

CANADIAN MACHINERY

iable speed motor drive ; also the neces-
sity of accurately cut gears and amply
strong feed mechanism. The paper ion-
eludes with a summation of the char-
acteristics which should be possessed by
machine tools using high speed steel,
including roughing lathes, turret lathes,
slotting machines, radial drills, milling
machines and planers, and is supple-
mented with tables of data on high
speed twist drills, turning tools, mill-
ing cutters, etc.

Discussion.
Charles Wicksteed, Kettering, England,
agreed with a statement made in the
paper that it is a pity more use has not
been made of the arrangement, fitted to
Ihe planers designed by Sir Joseph
Whitworth for cutting on both strokes,
and referred at greater length to the re-
versible tool holder, which does away
with an idle stroke. Double cutting, he
stated, has had a slow growth, but has
certain advantages that will mean its
more extended use. One use of two tools
is to have the leading one cut through
the scale, so that the following one en-
ters clean metal. The situation is re-
versed on the return stroke. The cut is,
therefore, divided between two tools. He
thought that users of motor driven ma-
chine tools will come to realize the cost
of power and see the desirability of eli-
minating an idle stroke. Still he grant-
ed the sufficiency in many kinds of work

of a planer with quick return motion ;
for example, where the time of setting
tools for double cutting would be a loss
of advantage. Both quick return and
double stroke have their field of useful-
ness, and he was pleased that the au-
thor had called attention to the advan-
tages of double cutting.

William Lodge, Cincinnati, Ohio, em-
phasized the fact that high speed in the
tool equipment is not the only consider-
ation . How to get the best results from
the workmen, route the work through
the shop, and kindred provisions for in-
creasing output are equally important.
He spoke further of the need of greater
attention to system in manufacturing.

The discussion was followed by a pa-
per on "Tooth Gearing," by A. B.
Steven, Birmingham, England, and one
on "Interchangeable Involute Gearing,"
by Wilfred Lewis, Philadelphia, Pa.

At the London meeting papers were
read by F. W. Carter, Rugby, Eng., on
the "Electrification of Suburban Rail-
ways ;" by H. M. Hobart, London, on
"The Cost of Electrically Propelled Sur-
burban Trains ;" by W. B. Potter, Sche-
nectady, on "The Economies of Railway
Electrification ;" by L. H. Pomeroy,
New York, on "The Electrification of
Trunk Lines," and a paper by George
Westinghouse, Pittsburg, on "The Elec-
trification of Railways."

Many Important Topics are Discussed Before CM. A.

Employes' Compensation, Canada's Patent Regulations and Technical
Education were Among the Subjects for Discussion — Officers for 1910-1 1 .

Among the subjects discussed by the
Canadian Manufacturers' Association
were the following topics of general in-
terest.

Workmen's Compensation.

The committee on Workmen '« Com-
pensation reported:

"There seems to be a general ten-
dency to stiffen up legislation on the
subject of workmen's compensation,"
says the report. "There is, of course,
no denying the fact that the compen-
sation laws as a whole are in a most
unsatisfactory state, whether viewed
from the standpoint of the employer or
of the employee. While your committee
are not in a position to bring in any
recommendations, they are inclined to
believe that there is a good deal of jus-
tice in the contention sometimes put for-
ward that the artisan who works for a
wage which is little more than sufficient
to support his family, and who, while
engaged in his regular occupation, suffers
injury through no fault of his own,
should be entitled to compensation of
some sort without having to fight his
case through the courts. They feel,
therefore, that the association should be
prepared to make some concessions. The

tendency, however, on the part of or-
ganized labor is to press for legislation
which will carry things to the other ex-
treme. If the matter could be comprom-
ised by relieving from all further claims
for compensation those employers who
insure their pay roll up to the extent of
a year and a half's wages it would seem
as though a solution of the difficulty
could be reached, for in that event the
cost of insurance could be accurately as-
certained by the employer beforehand
and provision made for the same, while
the employee in the event of an accident
would receive the compensation to which
he was entitled without having to have
recourse to legal process.

Canadian Patent Regulations.

"During the past year it was brought
to the attention of your committee that
Canada was not a member of the Inter-
national Convention for the Protection
of Industries. This convention, to which
most nations belong, has to do with in-
ternational agreements in connection
with patents. For many reasons
it seems desirable that Canada should
subscribe to this convention, because by
so doing any Canadian inventor, on tak-

ing out a patent in the Dominion, would
automatically secure protection of his
invention for twelve months in all other
subscribing countries without extra
charge. Your committee, with the con-
currence of the Council, recommend to
the Government that steps be taken
to bring Canada into the convention.
Thus far, however, nothing seems to have
been done.

The subject of Canada's Patent Re-
lations was fully discussed in the July
issue of Canadian Machinery.
Technical Education.

Tin' report of the Technical Educa-
tional Committee contained the follow-
ing:— "After six long years of careful
planning, peristent effort and constant
agitation, all directed toward the one
end, it affords your Technical Committee
satisfaction to be able to report that the
special task assigned them by the Mon-
treal convention of 1904 has at length
been accomplished. The committee urg-
ed on behalf of the association the im-
mediate appointment by the Dominion
Government of a commission of inquiry,
with instructions first to ascertain the
actual needs of the Daminion in the way
of technical education and industrial
training, and then to see how those needs
could best be met by adapting to Cana-
dian conditions the facilities provided in
other countries. In March last the Gov-
ernment made public announcement of
its intention to appoint the commission
so earnestly desired. About the middle
of July the commissioners began their
work in the Maritime Provinces, and
your committee are informed that it
is their intention to cover Canada from
the Atlantic to the Pacific. While it i.»
the intention of your committee to pre-
pare for the consideration of the com-
mission a general statement on behalf
of the manufacturers of Canada, they
wish to take this opportunity of urging
every member of the asociation to fac-
ilitat'9 the inquiry to the best of his
ability."

The following officers were elected for
1910-1911.

President. W. H. Rowley, Hull. Que.

Vice-President, Nathaniel Curry. Mon-
treal.

Provincial Vice-Presidents, T. B. Rog-
ers, B.C;. S. X. Dougal, Que; J. P. Ed-
wards, N.S.; T. R. Deacon, Man.; T. S.
Sims. N.B.; Hon. S. L. Haszard, I'.E.L;
W. II. Clarke, Alberta and Sask.

Treasurer, George Booth.

OXYGEN WELDING AND CUTTING
PROCESS.
When coal is burnt in the air, the heat-
ing effect is the result of the chemical
combination of the oxygen of the air
with the carbon of the coal. The heat
developed rises the temperature of the

CANADIAN MACHINERY

45

inert part of the air, viz: nitrogen, as
well as the temperature of the gases re-
sulting from the combination with oxy-
gen.

It is obvious that if pure oxygen is
used instead of air, the temperature
will be much higher, there being no in-
ert as (nitrogen) to heat up. This fact
is extensively used in welding by means
of blowpipes in which streams of oxy-
gen and combustible gases, hydrogen,
coal gas, acetylene and gasoline are
mixed and ignited at the nozzle. In
the case of acetylene a temperature of
above 0,000 degs. Farh. can be easily
obtained, and all kinds of metals are
quickly brought at the melting point and
can be welded up, just like lead in the
well know "lead burning" process.

Broken castings of all descriptions
(cast iron steel, aluminium, etc.) with-
out any admixture of foreign metals can
be easily repaired and made as good as
new, and sometimes an enormous saving
is done not only in the cost of the repair-
ed part itself, but often on account of
the time saved as the repairs can be
carried out quickly and saves the time
necessary to go through the lengthy
process of pattern making, foundry,
machine shop, etc.

Besides this very important applica-
tion, the oxygen welding process is be-
ing used in the making of a number of
articles, water tight receptacles,
pressure tanks of any sizes, tubas
of large diameter, welding flanges on
tubes, metallic window frames, agricul-
tural implements, bicycles, automobile
parts, such as frames, and generally
speaking is advantageously use instead
of riveting.

The process is so perfect that cracks
and corrosions in boilers, (even marine
boilers) have successfully been repaired
for years, but this work requires speci-
ally trained and experienced men.

Another application of the oxygen is
the cutting process. Every one knows
that red hot iron will burn rapidly in
pure oxygen. If a plate of steel or iron
is locally heated to redness and a jet of
pure oxygen is sent on the red hot spot,
in similar way the iron will burn
throughout. By moving the blowpipe a
clean cut of any shape can be obtained.
In this way a cut of one foot long can
be made in a J inch boiler plate in less
than one minute.

The heating flame can be easily pro-
duced by means of oxygen and other
gases, but the use of oxygen and gaso-
line enables to have an ideal portable
outfit and is the most economical.

By this process, an iron fence which
was situated on the Place d'Armes, Mon-
treal, was removed. It was first tried to
saw the iron bars, but each cut required

at least \ hour with two men, whereas
by the oxygen process each bar was cut
in less than two minutes.

This process is used also for the re-
moval of the Quebec bridge debris; as
another example we may also mention
that it is intended to be used for the re-
moval of a penstock 12 inches diameter
and 20 feet long for a Quebec power
company.

A liquid air plant for the production

of oxygen by the process of the Society
"L'Air Liquide" of Paris, France will
soon be erected in Montreal.

The matter is now in the hands of Mr.
R. J. Levy, 3 Monique St., Montreal,
who has a demonstration plant at the
above address, and who is one of the
inventors of this process. It is intended
to form a company to take up the manu-
facture in every province of the Dom-
inion.

Canada Steel Co. Decides to Locate in Hamilton

Large Steel Mill, Machine Shop, etc.
of Steel Shapes, Agricultural Shapes;

The Canada Steel Co. have decided
to locate in Hamilton where they will
spend $400,000 on a large plant and give
employment to 300 men. The works will
be located on the west side of Sherman
Ave., opposite the Atkins' Saw Works.

The Canada Steel Co. was granted a
charter by the Ontario Government in
May last, while about the middle of June

W. M. CURRIE.
Managing Director of Canada Steel Co., Limited.

the steel merger changed its name from
the "Canadian Steel Corporation" to
the Steel Company of Canada. To avoid
confusion as a result of the similiarity
in names the Canada Steel Co. recently
offered to change its name to the Col-
onial Steel Co. if the Steel Company of
Canada would pay the cost of
a new charter. The offer was not ac-
cepted, however.

The directors of the Canada Steel Co.
are F. W. Baillie, Toronto, president ; R.
M. Bertram, Toronto, vice-president; W.
M. Currie, Hamilton, managing director;
A. L. Malone, Toronto; G. A. Morrow,
Toronto.

Mr. Baillie is a member of the
financial firm of Baillie, Wood & Croft.

, to be Erected for the Manufacture
W- M. Currie, Managing Director.

He is also a director of the Black Lake
Asbestos Co., and prominently identified
with many important industrial propos-
itions.

Mr. Bertram was formerly president
of the Bertram Shipbuilding Co., and
at present is the head of the Collins'
Inlet Lumber Co. He is also connected
with several other large business .un-
dertakings.

Mr. Currie, who will be the man-
ager, was formerly the chief in-
specting engineer of the Hamil-
ton Steel & Iron Co., and has been
a resident of Hamilton for several years.
Mr. Malone is of the firm of Malone &
Malone, solicitors, Toronto, and Mr. Mor-
row is the assistant manager of the
Central Canada Loan & Savings Co. In
addition to these gentlemen the share-
holders include some very wealthy men
of Toronto and Montreal.

It is the intention of the company to
begin work at onoe on the erection of
its plant. The first building to be er-
ected will be the steel mill. This will
be a structure of iron concrete and cor-
rugated iron, 250x70 feet. In addition
to this, there will be machine shops,
stock shed, etc., and an office building.
The plant has been designed by one of the
largest engineering firms in Pittsburg.
The Products.

The company will roll entirely from
old scrap rails. These rails will be
bought from railway companies all over
the country. The process used is to
break them up into the required lengths,
after which they are heated and passed
through rolls which split them into three
pieces — the head, webb and flange — and
finish them simultaneously into differ-
ent articles, such as bedstead angles,
l]ght structural . angles, agricultural
shapes of all kinds, concrete bars,
light plow beams and sleigh shoes.
It will be the only mill of its kind in
Canada, and many of the articles rolled,
such as angles, have never yet been man-
ufactured in this country. The plant
will be operated by electric power, spec-
ial machinery having been designed for
that purpose.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.

A SHOP FULCRUM.

In a locomotive repair shop, a stand
or fulcrum is frequently required to pry
up the main brasses, springs, etc. This
need has been supplied at the C. P. R.
shops, West Toronto, by the simple
device shown iu the accompanying
sketch.

The device consists of two thin sheets
of boiler plate of shape as shown, 12
pieces of J-inch wrought iron pipe of
equal length, and 12 f-in. bolts, arrang-

ez=z==3

A Shop Fulcrum.

ed as in illustration. The pieces of
pipe act as distance pieces, while the
bolts strengthen and tighten up the
same.

This particular stand is about 28
inches high presenting a wide range of
fulcrums for various heights. Previous
to using this device, which was quite
recently made, blocks of wood, piled to
the required height were used. It can be
readily seen that this presents a much
handier and more useful means of do-
ing the work.

ARBOR FOR END MILLS.*

By "Nene."

I have used many styles of end mill
holders, and dovetail cutter holders, in
many different shops, but have never
used any other that gave such entire
satisfaction as the one herein described.

Referring to Fig. 1 : A is an arbor
made to fit the spindle of a milling ma-
chine (in this case a No. 2 Cincinnati),
tapped at small end for | — 11 to re-
ceive the bolt, which draws the taper

* Arbor for end mills, drills and dovetail cut-
ters is used In a western C.P.K. shop.

arbor "A" into spindle of milling ma-
chine, and at the other end is bored
taper, and slotted for keyway to con-
form to Morse Standard Taper No. 3,
also "A" is threaded at outer end
1J dia. and six pitch right hand.

B is the retaining nut, which if turn-
ed to the right tightens cutter C in
position, and if turned to the left draws
cutter C from arbor A. The advantages
of this arrangement are : The ability
to remove cutter C without removing
A from spindle of machine ; cutter C is
securely held in place, there being no
possibilitity of it working loose while
cut is on, and thus spoiling a piece of
work, and cutter C can readily be re-
moved at any time by turning nut B
to the left.

A groove was filed on the first wash-
er to receive and fasten the end
of the wire. The centre washer was
2i inches in diameter, turned taper
both ways, or to suit the shape of the
spring desired. By removing the nut

Mandrel for Coiling Springs.

at end, after spring is coiled, the man-
drel is withdrawn leaving the washers
inside. These are removed by stretch-
ing the spring, thus allowing them to
drop through.

Arbor for End Mills and Dovetail Cutter.

This form of cutters are cheaper to
make than the ordinary style of end
mills with tang on the end of shank, as
we find it costs less to cut the thread
than to mill tang on end of cutters.

These cutters require less material
than the ordinary form of cutters.

There is positively no need of a tang
on end of milling cutters, the key-way
in A is only used when using A as a
drill holder for drills with Morse Ltd.
taper shanks.

To remove arbor A from milling ma-
chine, first screw B out a few turns on

A, then screw thread guard up against

B, then turn B to the right and arbor
A will be drawn from the spindle.

Other details may be readily obtained
by referring to accompanying line draw-
ing.

MANDREL FOR COILING SPRINGS.
By Jas. C. Moore.
The following is a shop wrinkle I
found very convenient for coiling
springs. After being in a fix for some
time, as to how a double cone spring
could be made, I secured a mandrel of
i-inch cold rolled steel and threaded
both ends. I fastened two nuts on one
end and proceeded to fill up with wash-
ers as per sketch.

POWER AND HAND TUBE CUTTER.
By Frank C. Perkins.
The illustrations, Figs. 1 and 2, show
the. details of construction and indicate

Fig. 4.— Power Tube Cutter With Flexible Shaft.

the method of operation of a labor and
time-saving tool designed for removing
defective tubes from water or fire tube
boilers. When driven by power a flex-
ible shaft is connected to the tool as in-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

47

dicated iii drawing Tig. 3 and illustra-
tion Fig. 4, the principle of the oper-
ation being the removing of a very
small section of the tube instead of
forcing the tube apart with the bevel
wheel cutter as in the usual practice.

It will 1>? noted that Fig. ] shows the
cutter inserted in tube A to be cut, 11
being the body of cutter which holds the
cutter in place in tube and 10 a spindle

rotating the saw arbor, it will now auto-
matically feed the saw circumferentially
around the tube and finish the cut.

After line cud of a tube -has been cut
there should be a round block of wood
a little less in diameter than inside of
tube, inserted in the end cut to support
the tube while the other end is being
cut, which will protect the cutter from
any damage by the tube dropping down.

~T~i'q- 3. As

Details o! Hand Tube Cutter.

attached thereto upon which the culler
head 20, carrying the saw. rotates.

It will be seen that 24 is a sleeve.
pivoted at its outer end. carrying the
saw arbor 30 and the saw 31 is a small
metal slitting saw which cuts the tube.
On account of the cutting action of the
saw on the tube, the cut being from the
outside to the inside leaves the tube
with no burr on the outside and does not
expand the tube — which will permit the
tube being withdrawn through the hole
in which it was expanded.

It may be stated that in using the cut-
ter the saw must be down even with out-
side diameter of body. Then the cutter
is inserted in tube so the saw will cut
the tube the distance inside the head re-
quired. The nut on end of spindle is
then screwed up which will clamp the
cutter rigidly in tube by means of the
conical block and clamping plate. The
thumb-screw 42, noted in drawing Fig.
3. is then loosened, the frame 35 which
cai'iies worm wheel 39 is swinging out
of mesli with 40, after which the thumb
screw 42 is tightened.

The colter is rotated by means of rat-
chet bandit' and while so doing the wing
nut on side of head is tinned to right
until the sleeve which carries saw arbor
comes in compact with screw on. top of
head, which will have fed the saw up
through the tube.

By turning the thumb screw 29 down
on the sleeve, it will ho'd the sleeve
rigid, and the frame 35 is swinging so
that worm wheel 39 and 40 mesh. By

after both ends of the tube are cut the
small pieces of tube are removed and
tube can be drawn through the hole.

USEFUL DIE HOLDER.

By K. Campbell.

I had to use a certain size die very

often, and rs others wanted to use the

stock," I fitted up the die holder in the

accumpaning illustration. I took two

be used by using shorter bolts, but I
find it convenient to use the home-made
die holder on the one die, keeping it
ready for immediate use.

BALL-BEARING SET.

For thrust bearings the London Ma-
chine Tool Co., Hamilton, use ball
bearing plates. These plates are of
brass about three-quarter the thickness
of the ball diameter, with straight holes,
slightly larger than the balls, drilled
through. In these holes, the method
of setting, in vogue until recently, was
to use a pointed chisel, and burr the
edges of the drilled hole at four points,
on each side, thus retaining the ball,
at the same time allowing free play.

A better setting is obtained by the
use of the simple little tool shown in
the cut. The barrel A should be of cast
steel, bored with a hole the same size
as the ball to be set. In this hole is a
short rod, B, of the same diameter,
which is free to move a short distance
by a cross pin D in a slot. The lower
end of this rod is centrally cupped ap-
proximately to the same radius as the
ball, and the end split for a short dis-
tance. The upper end bears against a
coiled spring, which keeps the rod B
always extending beyond the lower end
of the barrel, about -Hnch. The lower
end of the barrel has an annular chisel
edge, C, at a diameter about 1-16 in.
greater than the ball.

The operation is as follows : The rod
B being centrally cupped, centres on
the ball when placed on it in the thrust
plate, so that the rim C is at a con-
stant distance from the edge of the
thrust plate hole when the barrel A is
pressed down. A slight blow on the

Ball Bearing Set.

pieces of iron AA, and bent them at
about an angle of 45 degrees, as shown.

top will spread the metal, forming a
burr inside the hole, which, when re-
peated on the opposite side of the
plate, effectively holds the ball in place,
at tho same time permitting free mo-
tion in its socket.

It is claimed that by this method the
production is increased four or five
times, at the same time insuring a much
better job than was possible by the old
method. A very neat appearance is
presented to the finished job.

Useful Die Holder.

I drilled the iron for bolts and put
them in as shown at BB.

The die is held securely, and is al-
ways ready for use. Smaller sizes could

The road to success is not short, and
it is not easy, but it certainly is well
worth traveling.

A good eexcutive is a man who can
get the thing done without hollering
himself blue in the face.

48

CANADIAN MACHINERY

MM/V

The "pitch" of a propeller is the
distance in which any point in a blade,
describing a helix will travel in the di-
rection of the axis during one revolution,
the point being assumed to move around
the axis. The pitch of a propeller with
a uniform pitch is equal to the distance
a propeller will advance during one
revolution, provided there is no slip. In
a case of this kind, the term "pitch" is
analogous to the term "pitch of the
thread" of an ordinary single-threaded
screw.

The following rules are given by
Seaton and Rounthwaite for ordinary

&—

Fif2

THREAD CUTTING TOOL.
By J. H. R., Hamilton.

The accompanying sketch shows a
handy tool-holder for cutting threads
in the lathe with a single pointed tool.

It is well known that in cutting screw
threads on the lathe the clearance of
the cutting tool must be ground to an
angle corresponding to the angle of the
screw to be cut. When there are a
number of different threads to be cut
having different pitch, and also differ-
ent angles of advance, several tools are
necessary, or as is generally the case,
the tool is ground each time to suit the
thread being cut.

The device here shown is to over-
come to some extent, the usual method
of grinding the clearance, or to replace
several tools formally used.

In place of the cutter C being held in
a solid holder, it is held in a separate
fork P, which is secured to the holder
H by the bolt B.

Fig. 3 shows the cutter in a vertical
position. When cutting a thread, the
nut N is released and the fork F re-
volved on pin P to give the desired
cutting angle to the cutter C.

Fig. 2 shows the cutter at an angle
of 15 deg. (the limit of inclination in
either direction). To determine the
angle of inclination, Fig. 5, draw a
horizontal line ab, from point b drop
a vertical line bo, lay off the circumfer-
ence of the bolt on the vertical line at
bo, and on the line ab lay off the pitch

Thread Cutting Tool.

b c ; connect oc. Then boc is the angle
of inclination.

Example : Pitch cb equals .25"

Dia. equals 1.5"

Circumference bo=1.05 ' 'X3.1416=4.7 ' '

To find the angle : —

side opposite cb .25

Tangent= = — = —

side adjacent bo 4.7
=.05319.

From a table of trigonometric func-
tions: Tangent boc equals .05319 equals
tangent 3.05 degs. equals angle on in-
clination.

As this solution is somewhat theore-
tical and might not be understood by
some of the readers a more simple me-
thod is here given. Proceed as in Fig.
5. With a radius or Fig. 3 describe the
arc xy Fig. 5. Then the fork F must be
revolved until the centre lines of the
graduations are separated by the dis-
tance xy. —

CORRESPONDENCE.

Comments on articles appearing in
Canadian Machinery will be cheerfully
welcomed and letters containing useful
ideas will be paid for.

Information regarding manufacturers
of various lines, with their addresses
will be supplied either through these
columns or by letter, on request. Ad-
dress letters to Canadian Machinery,
143-149 University Ave, Toronto.—
Editor.

Propeller Wheel.

Give the correct rule to find pitch of
a propeller wheel. — Ontario Subscriber.

P=pitch of propeller in feet=
10133S

R (100— x)
in which S=speed in knots, R=revolu-
tions per minute, and x= percentage of
apparent slip.

112.68

For a slip of 10 per cent, pitch=

R
Another formula for pitch, given in
Seaton 's Marine Engineering i§
C 3 | I.H.P.

P=— V , in which C=737 for

R D2
ordinary vessels, and 660 for slow speed
cargo vessels with full lines. — Editor.

Addresses of Correspondents.
A number of questions have been
asked without giving the name of the
correspondent and his address. There
have also been several articles for the
"Methods and Devices" Department
without the names of the contributors.
The names should always be given
though not necessarily for publication.
— Editor.

Keying Locomotive Eccentrics.
We are running British locomotives
and I find that those of the most modern
tpye have the eccentric keyed in a dif-
ferent position to those of the oldjr
type. Those of the modern type are
keyed almost parallel to the arm of the
big end and those of the older type are
keyed just the opposite. Can anyone
say why? — Jos. Arthur.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

CARE OF PNEUMATIC TOOLS.*

By J. H. Simons.**
It is doubtful if any piece of machin-
ery pays a greater profit on its invest-
ment or cost than a pneumatic hammer
or a pneumatic drill kept in good work-
ing condition, yet it is equally doubtful
if there, is any piece of high speed ma-
chinery so much abused by neglect to
properly clean, oil and renew worn
parts, which condition retards the full
admission of air to all the parts, inter-
fering with free movement, and rapidly
cuts down the efficiency and capacity of
the tools. Pneumatic tools, like all
other high class machinery, must re-
ceive proper care and lubrication to
give the best results. One of the most
important factors connected with their
proper care is to keep them clean and
well lubricated. All pneumatic tool
companies should proportion and con-
struct their pneumatic tools in such a
way that none of the parts will break
from actual service unless some part is
defective and escapes the different in-
spectors' notice at the factory, which
is liable to happen once in a great
while in the most up-to-date and best
regulated plant in the world, but if a
wood boring drill, or a metal drill, is
improperly applied ; that is, used on
other work than for which it was de-
signed and built, or overloaded by forc-
ing it beyond its rated capacity, some-
thing may happen. For instance, if a
drill is constructed to drill 1} in. holes
and is used for drilling 2 in. or 2i in.
holes., then that something may hap-
pen.

It is reasonable, to expect, and it is
a fact, that in pneumatic tools, as in
all other high-speed machines, the rap-
idly moving parts will wear in time—
the pistons, ball races, balls, throttle
valves, etc., in pneumatic drills, and
the throttle levers, bushings, valves,
pistons and cylinders on pneumatic
hammers, and when the wear is suffi-
cient to prevent the full and free ad-
mission of air, or the escape of air by
leakage past a worn part, it reduces
the efficiency of the tools, and the part,
or parts, should be removed. If this
is done the machines will maintain
thoit efficiency indefinitely.

Needs Lubrication.
The greatest abuse, therefore, to
which pneumatic tools can be subjected

• K' ad before Railway Tool Foremen's Asso-
ciation.
*• 01 Ingersoll-Rand Co., Toronto.

is the failure to properly clean and lu-
bricate them. An almost universal feel-
ing seems to predominate on the part
of operators that a pneumatic tool
should run and develop its full power
so long as all the parts are held to-
gether, without any regard to cleaning,
oiling or tightening up. The cleaning
and oiling of pneumatic tools should not
be delayed until they stop working on
account of dirt, rust or gummed oil.
THEY SHOULD BE THOROUGHLY
CLEANED WITH KEROSENE OR
BENZINE ONCE EVERY TWENTY-
FOUR HOURS, as the air taken into
the compressor generally contains some
grit or dust. It is almost impossible
to prevent this foreign matter entering
the working parts of the tool, thus
causing the parts to become clogged
and rendering the tool inoperative. A
good plan in such cases is to thor-
oughly clean by pouring benzine or ker-
osene freely into the throttle handle.
This dislodges all foreign matter and
cuts the thick oil, which can be remov-
ed by blowing the air under pressure
through the tool, then lubricate in like
manner with a good quality of light
body oil- Sewing machine oil or a win-
ter strained lard oil is very good.
Heavy oils should never be used on
pneumatic hammers or piston drills, as
they cause the tool to work very slug-
gishly, with consequent loss of power.
However, heavier oils should be used on
the rotary type of drills.

When Not in Use.
When pneumatic tools are not in use
it is a very good plan to keep them
immersed in kerosene. They should be
suspended so that the dirt and foreign
matter will settle to the bottom of the
vessel and then be thoroughly blown
out and well lubricated before bring put
into operation, as kerosene leaves them
dry. It will well repay any user of
pneumatic tools to keep the inside of
pneumatic tools as clean and well-oiled
as a sportsman would his gun. We ad-
vocate, especially where the air is us-
ually laden with foreign matter, the use
of strainers on the tool and filters in
the pipe, line, arranged so that they can
be readily taken apart and cleaned. A
good form of pipe line filter is two cast
flanged pieces properly tapped and
threaded to fit the pipe line, bolted to-
gether, with a piece of gauze or fine
mesh wire screen between. This can be
made in any railroad shop. There are
also sundry makes of automatic oilers
for pneumatic to^ls, which are placed in

the hose line a short distance from the
tool, and which can be refilled at any
time without disconnecting the tool
from the hose line. They are made in
sizes to supply oil for from six to eight
hours without refilling.

Use Proper Pistons.

Another abuse, especially with regaid
to pneumatic riveting hammers, is a
rapidly increasing tendency on the part
of operators, particularly where the
hammers are used in construction of
steel cars and in structural steel shops,
TO USE PISTONS SHORTER THAN
THOSE ADOPTED BY THE MAKERS
AS STANDARD, THIS IS THE
MOST FLAGRANT ABUSE TO
WHICH A RIVETING HAMMER CAN
BE SUBJECTED, and 1 cannot too
strongly condemn this practice. The
riveting hammers are designed with
parts properly proportioned to meet
the requirements of the various classes
of work to which these tools are adapt-
ed. Workmen have discovered that a
shorter piston than the one furnished
with the hammer increases the number
of blows per minute and for a time
facilitates their work.

They usually make these pistons by
grinding down a broken standard pis-
ton, thus removing the hardening in a
large degree, and leaving the striking
part softer than it should be. These
short pistons have a tendency to crum-
ble, and the broken parts cut the inner
casing of the cylinder, and if it is not
damaged beyond repair from this cause
it is only a question, of a short time
when the cylinder will crack or the
handle will be broken.

When cracked cylinders, broken handles
and rivet sets are experienced hammer
should be carefully examined to ascer-
tain whether or not the workman has
substituted a short piston and this can
only be done when the hammer is in
service, as it has been found that the
workmen carry the short pistons with
them and make the exchange after
taking the hammer out of the tool
room, replacing the proper diston when
returning the hammer at the close of
the day.

In some of the large manufacturing
plants hammers have been discovered
working with a short stub of a piston
not more than two inches in length,
ground conical on the striking end, and
the managers of these plants have is-
sued instructions making it an offense
punishable by discharge where such

50

CANADIAN MACHINERY

conditions are found. One of our larg-
est industrial organisations, operating'
some Bight or ten plants, inaugurated
about a year ago a system for keeping
a thorough inspection and record of
pneumatic tools from the day of pur-
chase until they had become obsolete or
worn out. A record is kept of every
item of repair made to a tool and a
report is filed showing why the repairs
are made necessary, that is, whether
from abuse, lack of care, bad hose,
natural wear and tear, or accident. The
mechanical engineer in charge recently
informed me that in looking over the
report for first six months he was great-
ly surprised to find that about 30 per
rent, of the causes of repairs could be
directly attributed to neglect in clean-
ing and oiling and about 15 per cent.
to the use of inferior hose.

Importance of Air Pressure.

Another important factor to be con-
sidered in the getting of the very best
results out of pneumatic tools is the
air pressure. We have found after a
very careful and paintaking investiga-
tion that, so far as the air pressure is
concerned, ONE SHOULD HAVE BE-
TWEEN 90 AND 100 POUNDS OF AIR
TO GET THE BEST RESULTS. THE
CANADIAN GOVERNMENT WILL
NOT ACCEPT STEAM TIGHT
RIVETS DRIVEN WITH PNEUMA-
TIC HAMMERS UNLESS THESE
HAMMERS ARE OPERATED BY 110
POUNDS AIR PRESSURE. All pneu-
matic tools can be operated on less
pressure, but you will find, as I say
that 90 to 100 pounds of pressure will
give the best results.

Suggestions.

In conclusion allow me to offer A
FEW SUGGESTIONS APPLYING TO
ALL MAKES OF PNEUMATIC
TOOLS, WHICH, IF FOLLOWED,
WILL INSURE YOU MORE AND BET-
TER WORK FROM YOUR EQUIP-
MENT and will obviate delays and an-
noyances and minimize the expense of
maintenance.

First, see that the tools are well
cleaned and oiled before putting them
in operation.

See that the pipe lines are thoroughly
blown out before connecting the tool.

Use the best quality of air hose. It
is cheaper and more satisfactory in the
long run.

See that your pipe lines are provided
with filters or that strainers are used
with the tools, preferably both.

With drills, adjust the ball-bearings,
where they are provided, so as to take
up the lost motion, and be sure that
they are firmly held by the lock nuts to
prevent working loose or tightening up
and binding when in use.

With your pneumatic hammers be
sure that the handle is always on tight,

as the tools may be seriously injured
by allowing this to work loose. This
controls the joint between the handle
in valve box and is of great importance.

See that the operators hold their riv-
eting and chipping hammers firmly
against the work. If the die or chisel
is allowed to play in and out of the
hammer while in operation it will seri-
ously damage the tool. Every blow
should be delivered on the die or chisel
and not on the forward end of the
bridge of the cylinder in chipping
hammers. With riveting hammers,
which have no bridge in the cylinder, it
often means the loss' of the die and pis-
ton by being shot out of the tool. Be-
sides, in structural work it makes it
dangerous to pedestrians in streets and
thoroughfares below. There is no way
of protecting against injuries of this
nature except by care on the part of the
operator.

See that the chisel and rivet sets fit
properly in the nozzles and are of pro-
per length, otherwise there is an oppor-
tunity for loss of power and injury to
the tool.

LENGTH OF BELT.

By S. H. W.. Saekville.
A simple method of finding the re-
quired length of belt for open-running

duplex machines with cross compound
steam cylinders will do the work with
15 lb. of steam or less. There is not
only thus a saving of two-thirds of the
coal consumption, but also a cones

ponding reduction of boiler plant, and
the labor and other cost of its opera-
tion.— Compressed Air Magazine.

Length of Belt.

pulleys not in position can be approxi-
mately obtained thus, where:

D=dia. of the large pulley in ins.

d=dia. of the small pulley in ins.

L=distance between shafts in ins.

B=lengt'h of belt in ins.
Dd

B=3i/4(— )+2L=l'2.875 ins., or 127/8

STEAM CONSUMPTION OF COM-
PRESSORS.

Suppose that a compressor is required
to compress 500 cu. ft. of free air a
minute, delivering to a receiver at 100
lb. gage. A two-stage machine of that
capacity will require approximately 92
i.h.p. to perform the work. Now, while
the best straight line compressors are
furnished with Meyer valves, they are
usually set by the operator to cut off
constantly at about three quarter
stroke, and with such setting they will
require on an average 45 lb. of steam
per horse power hour, while Corliss

OBITUARY.

General regret is expressed at the
death of Miss Dorothy Hobson, daughter
of Robert Hobson, general manager of
The Steel Company of Canada, Hamil-
ton. Her death was the result of an
unfortunate automobile accident.

Hugh McCulloch, Sr., president of the
Goldie & McCulloch Co., Gait, Ontario,
died on Saturday, September 3. Mr.
McCulloch was born in Scotland in 1820,
and was in his 84th year. He came to
this country when a boy, and had been
a resident of Gait, since 1850. He start-
ed work for James Crombie in 1851 and
in 1859, with the late John Goldie, they
purchased from James Crombie the Dum-
fries foundry, a small institution em-
ploying 22 men. At first general foun-
dry work was done, but as the business
grew the firm went into the manufacture
of boilers, engines, flour and sawmill
machinery and wood-working machinery.
Thirty-one years ago, the firm went into
the manufacturing of safes and vaults, in
which department great success was
achieved. The advancement of the trade
led to a joint stock company being form-
ed in 1891. In 1896 Mr. Goldie died, and
his son, A. B. Goldie, took his place, and
is to-day manager of the works. He is
survived by two sons and one daughter,
Hugh McCulloch, Jr., vice-president, and
R. 0. McCulloch, secretary-treasurer of
the firm, and Mrs. Shearson, of New-
York, and one brother, George, of Souris,
Man.

George Archibald Bain, superinten-
dent and a director of the Bain Wagon
Works, died recently. The Bain Wagon
Works were established in 1882 by
George A. and his brother, John A. Bain.

PERSONAL

E. Crabtree, for many years a ma-
chinery representative of H. W. Petrie,
Ltd., Toronto, leaves on Oct. 14 for
England, on a business trip for the pur-
pose of appointing agents for machine
tools, etc., and for companies desiring
foreign connections. He will also se-
cure additional agencies for the H. W.
Petrie Company.

Wm. Brown, for some years connected
with the Canada Iron Corporation] at
Londonderry, lately as manager of the
steel plant, has severed his connection,
and is succeeded by Leo. G. Smith, for-
merly of the Bucyrus Steel Castings Co..
Bucyrus. Ohio, and recently superint en-
dent under Mr. Smith.

SAVING CENTS.
By R. Ewart Cleaton.*
There is an old English saying, "Look
after the pence, and the pounds will
look after themselves," and this as
surely applies to cents and dollars, as
to any other currency. The following
little items will tend to effect econo-

Fig. 1. — Saving Cents.

mies, which although perhaps not notice-
able in a direct manner, will be very
evident by the increased output, and
efficiency, occasioned thereby. Doubtless
there are many up-to-date plants where
these ideas are in operation at present,
but there are plenty of others where
there is great need for improvement.

When a shop is run on the piecework
or standard time system, a great deal
of bad feeling and unnecessary irrita-
tion is caused if the men are obliged
to wait about for work, between jobs,
or for the necessary tools to perform
that work. THIS CAN BE AVOIDED
BY HAVING AN EFFICIENT ROUT-
ING SYSTEM, AND A WELL
EQUIPPED TOOL STORES, TO
WHICH ARE ADDED DRAWING AND
JIG STORES.

As the former has been dealt with to
a great extent of late, I will confine
myself to the three latter.

These should be situated in a central
and accessible position ; articles should
be issued only in exchange for a brass
check (Fig. 1) with the name of the
person and the number of the workman
stamped upon it ; a list of the names,
and numbers of the workmen being
kept by the storekeeper, the tools, jigs,
and drawings, already issued, can be
easily located. In the case of small
tools, gauges and drills, which are kept

in sub-divided drawers, the checks are
put into the division from which the
article has been removed, whilst for
those tools kept on shelves or racks,
a black painted board or series of
boards are used ; these have a number
of hooks, on which the checks are hung,
underneath the name and size of the
tool, which are either painted on per-
manently, or temporarily written in
with Chalk. Jigs should be treated in
a like manner, although in the case of
large and heavy ones, it is preferable,
when they are used by only one special
machine, to leave them in some con-
venient place nearby, when not in use.

ALL JIGS SHOULD BE STAMPED
WITH THE DRAWING AND PART
NUMBER OF THE ARTICLE FOR
WHICH THEY ARE INTENDED.

Drawings should be of standard sizes,
and mounted on heavy cardboard, which,
although pliable, will not buckle or
crack.

The life of a drawing is lengthened by
applying a coat of varnish or shellac,
the latter is preferable as varnish is
liable" to become sticky.

As it is usual to place all parts des-
tined for a similar purpose under the
same group number, this, together with
the number of the drawing, should be
stencilled on the top back left hand
corner, in large black letters on a white
background, Fig. 2. If the drawings
are then kept in their respective groups,
and numerically arranged to stand on
end in racks', it is a very easy matter

h*"H

These matters may appear insignifi-
cant in themselves, but when taken as
parts of a system will be found to be
instrumental in saving innumerable
cents (the dollars will look after them-
selves !) when the time saved by the
storekeeper in issuing, and that of the
user of the articles, is taken into con-
sideration.

In order to turn out good work, ac-
curate tools, such as calipers, squares,
feelers, etc., are necessary, and to en-
courage and stimulate the possession of
these by the workmen, an offer of a
discount on the catalogue price will be
found to be efficacious. This can be
done without cost to the management,
by the tool room foreman obtaining
the shop agency for any well-known
firm of small tool manufacturers ; the
tools can then be supplied to the em-
ploye at the cost at which they are
obtained from the makers. The latter
will usually be willing to furnish a
showcase containing an assortment of
the tools made by them, which can be
hung in a prominent place, in order that
any intending purchaser may see exact-
ly what he is- ordering.

IN CONCLUSION, I WOULD LAY
STRESS ON THE ADVANTAGE OF
KEEPING THE STORES SPICK
AND SPAN, AND THE TOOLS IN
GOOD CONDITION, AND FREE FROM
RUST OR DUST, which will not only
have the effect of conveying a good im-
pression to visitors passing through
the works, but will also cause the em-
ployes to whom the issue is mado to
return the article for which he is re-
sponsible, whilst it is out on his check,
in a condition similar to that in which
it was given out, allowances of course
being made for wear and tear.

• Of the piece work and shop methods depart-
ment, C.P.R. Angus shops, Montreal.

ROUTING SYSTEM.
By F. H. M.

The system in use by the McLaughlin
Carriage Co., Oshawa, for following up
(he various parts that enter into the
make-up of an automobile, buggy, or
cutter,- is one that might readily be
adapted to the sorting of machine parts
that are made in large quantities,
to quickly find the required one, after While the system is not exactly new

having ascertained by referring to the being somewhat similar to a couple of
board that it is not already issued. other systems in use on factories pro-

Fig. 2.— Saving Cents.

(hieing similar lines. Vet it contains
points of such merit as to make a brief
d< scriptioii of the system of interest.

The order, which first readies the
busmen office, has an abbreviated type-
written copy on plain paper, sent to the
timekeeper's office, the order reading
somewhat as follows : No. 275, black ;
red: meaning' vehicle catalogued as num-
ber 275, black body, and red gear, shafts,
i te. Now each numbered vehicle is
made up of a certain number of stand-
ard parts, such as body, gear, etc., each
witli its own particular number, these
parts being in many cases interchange-
able in the different sizes of vehicles.

The clerk takes several of these busi-
ness office orders, and figures up how
many bodies No. 225 say, are required,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

taches the tag, and tears off the lower
right hand corner, and sends into the of-
fice all of those collected in a day with
his time slip, thus giving the paymaster
a check on each man's work. The fore-
man at the end of the day figures up
how many had been made, and fills in
sheet No. 2, which is sent to the office,
and the embodied figures inserted on
sheet No. 1, under "quantity made."

As the body progresses through the
various departments, on the completion

5rittr * i

0 o

Tki fvtlowmf have been made and delivered In Smith Sliv/i

■BSsMlITt

CKft

8TVLB

SHftfT

JITYLH
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VOLS.

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STVI.K

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and also all the rest of the body sizes as
well as the other parts. As the body af-
fords a typical example, it will be taken
as an example. These quantities for
body style No. 225 are entered under
"Orders Received" on sheet No. 1.
which is part of a loose-leaf book sys-
tem. The respective colors are listed as
shown.

At the same time that the orders are
being subdivided as just explained, tags
similar to the one shown are made out,
the order number and color of the job
being inserted on the tag at the top,
and the style in each of the places
shown. Orders in multiple are made,
and sent, one to each foreman, while
the wood-shop foreman in addition re-
ceives a set of tags, one for each body.
A> each body is made the workman at-

mk

Mclaughlin carriage co., Limited

BODY NO 35549

Style No.

ORDER NO.

ShlDped

—, h. :::$$m :: y ^ „. "::&$w.:. ""

Styl.No *S.<?... Styl.No !Si ...

S»»P : Roflniahod

Body No. . 35549... ■ Body No .35549.

Styl.No .?S.S.. '.. i Stylo No ....J3 ,» S. .. .

Trim. ! Flnlohod ,

Body no ....3.0.3*8.. ; Body no :.*oM5...

Styl.No &$kif.„„ ; Styl.No ,3.Hk.t£.,.

StNpo I RubOirtVamWi

.'Haa4C'7 "'^iN."."M5M'."""

Body No -
Style No

« « <5

Body No

Stylo No

,*.■».*.

RubV.rnteh I Rub 0«! Color Vsrnl.h .

Body No .35349.
Stylo No &8.6L

Color- Varnteh

Body No .355.49..
Stylo No ..^2^...,
J at Color

Bod,N:yy355i^

Styl.No Ko^f,.

L..t Rough Stuff

Body No
Styl.No

35515"

Body No. .35549..

Styl.No Z.Z..&...

adColof :ll.. ^vv — ..

B»d,No 35543.

Styl.No .....-? X.vf.
RuDOut Rough Stuff

sody no. ..3.55.49".

Styl.No XSjSf..

Smith O.pt

™*^35549~

Body NO

Styl.No rH3«S

Wood o.pt

of the various operations, a tag is torn
off. and sent back to the office. Each
night, the tags from the different de-
partments are entered on sheet No. 3,
giving the date each body completes the
various stages of its progress up to the
time it is shipped.

This in substance gives the system in
use. The most valuable features of the

system are the absolute records kept of
the progress of the work, and the fact
that at no time can a double charge be
made, which is a desirable feature in a
piece-work system.

This system with some changes might
be used following up operations for such
articles as cream-separators, type-writ-
ers, small gas engines, and other ma-
chines that are produced in quantities.
According to the superintendent the sys-
tem works to perfection.

SHELBY STEEL TUBES

An interesting catalogue of Shelby
Steel Tubes has been issued by John
-Miller & Son, 321 St. James St., Mon-
treal, in which the manufacture of steel
tubes for various purposes is fully des-
cribed as well as their applications.

Another part of the catalogue is devot-
ed to Hoffman Steel Balls and their ap-
plication to bearings. Coventry chains
forms another interesting chapter.

The remainder of the catalogue of 150
pages contains valuable data on hoist.-.
trolleys, steel poles, railway supplies, in-
cluding trolleys, headlights, etc. This
catalogue will be sent free to any ad-
dress on request.

NEW COBALT MACHINE SHOP.

The machine shop, up till recently run
by C. F. Bonsall, has been taken posses-
sion of by W. R. Sweet, of Midland,
who foreclosed on the property. The
intention is to enlarge the present plant.
and add a foundry, and make a specialty
of repairing mining and other machin-
ery, as well as manufacturing a line of
hoisting engines. Mr. Sweet 'g experience
in the last three and a half years as
mechanical superintendent of the Nipis-
sing mines, and a year previously with
the Canada Copper Co.. Sudbury, and
nine years marine engineering simp
work, all make Un- a good beginning to
this new venture.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

53

GnadianMachinery

f MANUFACTURING NEW5*>

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, ccnstruction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
ricity, compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W.L. EDMONDS. Vice-Presiden

H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto - - Business Manager

G. C KEITH, M.E., B.So, Toronto - Managing Editor
FRED H. MOODY, B.A. Sc., Toronto - Associate Editor

OFFICES :
CANADA UNITED STATES

Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern New York - - R. B. Huestis

Townships Bank Bldg 1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-

Toronto 143-149 University Ave. ance and Trust Building

Phone Main 7324 Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

WlNNIPHO, 511 Union Bank Building -,«.

Phone ^m FRANCE

British Columbia - Vancouver Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

H. Hodgson, 31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,

Room 21, Hartney Chambers Paris, France

GREAT BRITAIN

London

SWITZERLAND

8 Fleet Street, EC. z . Louis Woll

Phone C™traH2960 ^u Orell Fussli & Co.

Cable Address:
Macpubco, Toronto. Aiabek, London, Eng.

SUBSCRIPTION RATE.

Canada, United States. $1.00, Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4a. 6d., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.

Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will confer a
tavor on us by letting us know. We should be notified at once of any
change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

October, 1910

No. 10

THIS love of one's work is at the root of
all success. The proportion of successes
to failures in business life is in a very
decided minority, and if we reckon the partial
failures and the milk-and-water successes, the
ratio dwindles. Success to a marked degree
can only be obtained by the man who is really
in love with his work. It is not sufficient to be
content or fairly well satisfied with the returns
of one's work, or to make just enough effort
to keep out of trouble. Big dividends will never
be made or big businesses built up if one regards
work as a necessary evil, something to be en-
dured and forgotten at the earliest possible
moment or when the shutters are down. Show
me the man who is really in love with his work,
his business, his profession — his job — and you
will point to the man who is bound to rise to
success by reason of his enthusiasm, his vitality,
his imagination, and his breadth. — George H.
Frost, in the Organizer.

of workmen, the final decision inevitably resulted in favor
of the company.

In view of the above, therefore, it is gratifying to note
that the Canadian Manufacturers' Association is taking
cognizance of the workmen's claim for consideration and
are trying to find a remedy for the conditions that now
surround workmen. The Association suggests that

"If the matter could be compromised by re-
lieving from all further claims for compensation
those employers who insure their pay roll up to
the extent of a year and a half's wages, it would
seem as though a solution of the difficulty could
be reached that would be .satisfactory to both
sides, tor in that event the cost of insurance
could be accurately ascertained by the employ-
er beforehand, and provision made for the same,
while the employee in the event of an accident
would receive the compensation to which he was
entitled without having to have recourse to legal
process. This arrangement, of course, presup-
poses that the employee would insure himself for
an amout equal to that carried for him by the
employer, so that in the event of fatality his fa-
mily would receive the equivalent of three years'
wages, which is generally conceded to be about
right."
No doubt if an arrangement can be arrived at, it will
help to remove any hard feelings existing between capital
and labor on this account. A voluntary system of com-
pensation might work satisfactorily in certain cases but
in others, it would require the strong arm of the law io
enforce workmen \s rights. The question is one that could
be dealt with by either the Provincial Governments or the
Labor Department of the Dominion Government, to ad-
vantage.

^

WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION

For a number of years Candaian Machinery has carried
on a campaign for the protection of machinery and thus
i lie elimination of a large number of industrial accidents.
\\Y recognize that accidents will happen, and, unfortun-
ately, I hey are often attended by loss of life or limbs. If
an employer was generous he made a position for the
maimed workmen or provided for the widow and family.
Sometimes the workman or his family made use of the
courts but as companies with large capital at their back
could appeal decisions and carry cases beyond the means

ARE WE OVERDOING THE MERGER IDEA?

Canada will get no good from an undue development
of the merging tendency. The last few years, and espec-
ially the last few months, have witnessed a remarkable
increase in the number of industrial consolidations. Most
of them will undoubtedly work to Canada 's advantage but
sonic of them are destined to have careers that will bring
no particular credit upon this country. This does not
imply that there will be failures of these amalgamations,
but the progress of many of them is unquestionably to be
very tedious and many shareholders both at home and
abroad will be long disappointed before they begin to re-
ceive the returns expected.

There is of course nothing wrong with the merger prin-
ciple. Important economies in managements, freight
charges, selling costs and the like are usually achieved by
the properly conceived and executed merger. The
trouble at the present time is thai in some cases it has been
taken advantage of by certain promoters who are bring-
ing industries together in a way and on terms which are
utterly unjustified. The interests that bring about the
consolidation sometimes have only their own profits in
consideration. This leads to entirely too high prices be-
ing paid to the merging organizations, the new company
becomes loaded up with capital obligations which for
many years cannot be made to represent real assets. The
Dominion has everything to gain from consolidations of
its industrial interests which will enable them to meet the
rapidly-growing needs at home and to compete vigorously
for the business to be had abroad. It cannot afford, how-
ever, to mortgage its manufacturing and trade future
through the multiplication of amalgamations for which
there is no economic justification,

54

CANADIAN MACHINERY

THE DOMINION'S FINANCIAL POSITION

The statement of the condition of the Dominion's fin-
ances as at August 31st, 1910, appeared in the Canada
(iazette of September 10th. The loan accounts show a
pleasing decrease of almost $18,000,000, in Funded Debt
Payable in London, and of over $7,000,000 in temporary
loans, as compared with Aug. 1909. The large volume of
business being done in the country is reflected by a $11,-
000,000, or a 14 p.c. increase in Dominion notes in cir-
culation, while the Bank Circulation Redemption Fund al-
so reflects the same condition with an increase of some
$200,000 over the corresponding pei-iod. The same ten-
dency, as for a long time back, is shown in the position
of the Government Savings Banks, which show a further
decrease of almost $1,000,000 in a total of $58,000,000,
as compared with August a year ago. It is evident that
the public are becoming more and more aware of the fact
that it is better policy to place their deposits with the
chartered banks where the funds are available for the
general commercial uses of the community. Miscellan-
eous and banking accounts are practically double last
year's figures, which makes the gross debt practically
$1,000,000 larger than a year ago, the total now being
$472,141,823.88. On the Assets side, Sinking Funds are
corresponding to the smaller Funded Debt, also very much
lower than in August, 1909. The figures are respectively
$15,200,000 and $39,200,000. The month just closed
shows a decrease in total net debt of $1,270,000, the pres-
ent net indebtedness of the Dominion being $327,345,552.-
16, or some $46 per capita.

The much larger volume of trade of the country is
indicated by the Customs receipts, which for the month
were $6,500,000, as against $5,300,000 last August, the
total to August 31st being $29,566,000, against $23,283,-
000 for the first eight months of 1909. Excise duties are
also about 25 p.c. higher this month, while in Public
Works expenditure practically a similar increase is shown
over a year ago. Capital Expenditure on Public Works,
including railways and canals was for the month $3,200,-
000, or a total for the year to date of $8,500,000. These
are in contrast with $2,450,000 for last August and $7,-
300,000 for the year to August 31st, 1909.

The total revenue for the month just passed is $10,-
174,930 or $1,705,082 more than for the same month in
1909, while the expenditure for the month is $66,000 less
than last year. For the year to date the total revenue
lias been $45,830,370, against $38,500,000 last year, while
the expenditure to September 1st this year is $27,546,017,
which is only $1,192,838 more than for the same period
last year and $18,284,353 less than the revenue.

*

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY

At the British Association meeting, held recently at
Sheffeld, a paper was read by Mr. R, Blair, M.A., B.Sc.
(Education Officer, London County Council) on "The
Neglect of Science by Commerce and Industry," i„ which
he brought forth several unsolved problems, the result of
twenty-five years of research.

Mr. Blair contended that our locomotive engines are
not designed or constructed upon scientific and economic
principles; and that the " rule-of-thumb " positively pre-
vails „, (hat industry almost as much as in any other, to
the danger of the general travelling public

The "rule-of-lhumb" ,„, thpde are usually an evolution
ol some other methods- previously used, no employe hav-
tag the desire to work out for himself from a scientific
standpoint the rules applicable to a particular case. Other
unsolved or neglected problems were also presented by

Mr. Blair which should receive the attention of manufac-
turers :

"The co-efficient of friction between the driving
wheels and the rails being known, I do not think there is
a living locomotive engineer or professor who can graph-
ically and correctly determine the limit of an angle of
repose of the driving wheel of an engine with, and with-
out, trailing wheels.

"The scientific world has hitherto failed to produce
a text-book showing how to determine the mechanical ef-
fect of the draw-bar pull upon the wheel-base of an en-
gine and how it affects tractive efficiency.

"The vast industry of carriage and wagon building
has not one practical or scientific man who knows how
to graphically and scientifically suspend a vehicle upon
its wheel-base. Although every builder knows full well
that one vehicle runs much easier than another of the
same weight, differently suspended, yet no one seems to
know how to resolve and explain the responsible forces.

"The automobile— I do not know of the existence of
any engineer who knows how to determine the limit of
the angle of repose of the driving wheels of an automo-
bile on different conditions of roads and grades, etc."

A remedy is suggested which, it is hoped, will increase.
the knowledge of forces, etc "Teachers of elementary
mechanics should begin to interest their young students
by a clear and simple explanation of the mechanical and
physiological forces which are brought into play in all
their pranks and sports, for, when they become informed
of all the forces which they themselves are exerting they
will proceed to practical experiments, devising and con-
structing all manner of things according to their own
views and abilities."

A good method for removing rust from steel is to first
rub the object with sweet oil, and then after a day or
two, rub it with finely powdered unslacked lime until the
rust disappears. Then give it again a coating of oil with
a woolen cloth, and put it in a dry place.

* » •

If a punch, reamer or other tool is to be hardened, and
the color resulting from that process is undesirable, it may
be removed by the following simple method: After the
part is hardened, dip it into a glass filled with muriatic
acid and allow it to remain for five seconds; then plunge
it into a pail of water. In this way the polish of the
steel will return and the temper will not be affected. This
method is much quicker than obtaining a polish by the
use of emery cloth. — Machinery.

* * »

The following recipe for a non-shrinking alloy was re-
cently published in the Metal Industry: Tin. 50 pounds.
and zinc 50 pounds, gives a tough, hard metal that runs
well. It is improved by the addition of 2 pounds of bis-
muth. By the use of heavy sprues, and by pouring cold,
the slightest shrinkage may be largely overcome.

* * *

According to a paper read before the Pittsburg Found-
rymen's Association, large patterns made of concrete rein-
forced with wire have been successfully used in a foundry
at Niagara Falls, N.Y. The cost of these patterns is very
much less than that of ordinary wooden patterns.
» • »

According to the Brass World, an aluminum alloy con-
taining an average of <)<> per cent, aluminum, 2.5 ,>er cent.
copper, 0.75 per cent manganese and 0.75 per cent, silver
• an be rolled and drawn and is then much Stronger than
pure aluminum. The rolling may be done either hot or
cold.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

DART HAMMER MOLD.

Every mechanical man knows how nec-
cessary a soft metal hammer is when
working on particular work, and with
the Dart hammer mold he can easily
make his own hammer at practically no
cost and avoid the risk of using a make-
shift. The Dart hammer mold is of iron,
with skillet attached, and molds a 3-lb
hammer solidly to the handle. It is
one of the handiest kind of tools to
have in the machine shop.

The opening in the mold for the han-
dle is the size of a half-inch gas pipe,
which is best to use, as it is light and
places the weight of hammer where it
does the most good, although solid han-
dles may be used if desired. Split one
end of the pipe and spread it a little; it
gives the metal a better hold; then plug
the pipe at the split end, so as to prevent
metal from flowing through the handle ;
something solid is the best, as it saves

PORTABLE LIMESTONE PULVER-
IZER.

The accompanying illustration shows
the mechanical features of a Jeffrey

Fig. 2. — Inside View of Jeffrey Pulverizer.

portable limestone pulverizer. Fig. 1
shows the pulverizer complete, the in-
terior mechanism being shown in Pig.
2. This machine has a capacity for re-

Dart Mold for 3tb. Soft Metal Hammer.

doing again when a new head is molded
on, for the same handle can be used re-
peatedly.

Place the handle in mold; clamping
the mold on it with the little ring by
tightening the set screw on top down
snug.

Everything is now ready for the melt-
ing. When the metal is hot enough,
slowly run it into the mold; do this by
using the handle to tilt the mold. The
little air-hole at side of run tells when
the hammer is filled.

Do not let the mold proper be hotter
than is absolutely necessary, as it will
take longer for the hammer to cool. Un-
der fair conditions a minute's time is
all that is required.

This handy device is manufactured by
the Dart Union Co., 93 Niagara Street,
Toronto.

during one ton of limestone per hour, &
inch and finer. It is belt driven and
connected to a small 15 h.p. gasoline

to suit a 2^x8 thread gudgeon screw,
but by a reducer or extension the ma-
chine can be fitted to any pin.

The machine consists of three parts,
and fits tight against the end of the

U
-

4

>

Portable Crank Pin Turner.

crank pin. It will finish a crank pin in
li hours. As shown it is driven by a
pneumatic drill. The total weight of
turner is 80 lbs.

PRACTICAL ENGINEERS' POCKET
BOOK.

The Magnolia Metal Co., 225 St. Am-
brosie St., Montreal, have issaied a spec-
ial Magnolia Edition of the practical en-
gineers' pocket book issued by the Tech-
nical Publishing Co., London. The book
contains 680 pages and treats on over
2,000 engineering and mechanical sub-
jects. It would be impossible in small
space to give an idea of the subjects
treated by this book, but such subjects as
machinery and tools of all descriptions
are taken up including gauges, power
equipment, machine' shop equipment,
steels, power generation and transmis-
sion, water wheels, patents, refrigera-
tion, lubrication, grinding, springs', rules

engine. It is manufactured by the Jef-
frey Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio.

PORTABLE CRANK PIN TURNER.

The. Schwinebratcn Portable Crank
I'in Turning Machine Co., Birmingham,
Ala., are placing on the market a por-
table c.rankpin turner, shown in the
illustration. The machine can be ad-
justed to any pin. Those being made
now have the main bearing chased out

4034-C

Fig. 1. — Jeffrey Portable Limestone Pulverizer.

for work, etc. A small charge of 40
cents is made, on receipt of which the
book will be mailed postpaid to any ad-
dress.

5«

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Recent Advances Made in Herbert Machinery

Some Methods Followed in the Alfred Herbert Shops, and
Recent Improvements made in the Design'of their Machine Tools.

The firm of Alfred Herbert, Ltd., was
established in 1888 at Coventry, the
business first engaged in being the build-
ing of light machine tools for the cycle
industry. The firm now employ 1,500
men manufacturing a line of labor sav-
ing machine tools, including turret
lathes, automatic screw machines, hor-
izontal and vertical milling machines,
etc.

The work is carried through on a
strictly repetition system, the greatest
possible use being made of jigs and fix-
tures. Owing to the large number of
different sizes and types of machines

machines is then put in hand. The
order for this batch goes to the stores,
together with a complete list of parts,
this latter being supplied by the draw-
ing office. The stores then issue orders
for the necessary raw material and issuo
same to the various departments in the
works.

The piece work prices for every oper-
ation on every particular part are fixed
by the piece work office, and are enter-
ed on process cards which are handed
to the stt__Bs from the piece work
office. The stores then issue the neces-
sary piece work tickets, and inspection

keeper has a book containing particu-
lars of these stock parts with instruc-
tions as to the maximum and minimum
number that are to be in stock at any
one time. When his stock is getting
low he sends an order into the works
for the maximum number which is suffi-
cient to enable the work to be done by
the most economical method, usually
on automatic screw machines.

Inspection continues during the pro-
cess of erection, and when the machines
are completed they are finally inspected
for alignment and finish and are then
handed over to the testing department,
which is under the control of the sell-
ing department.

A large part of the firm's business
consists in supplying machines equipped
with tools and fixtures for producing
specified work to sample, or drawing.

which are built, it is necessary to put
them in hand in batches of from 12 to
21. according to the size of the ma-
chines, this in order to ensure the dif-
ferent batches bein-< repeated at fairly
frequent intervals.

Piece work is employed on all opera-
tions except the final testing of the ma-
chines, and a very thorough system of
fixing prices, and keeping track of the
work in the shot) is followed.
Testing.

When a new machine is designed, the
first one is built and tested in an ex-
perimental department, which is en-
tirely separate from the rest of the
works. After a very thorough series of
tests, any necessary alterations are
made to the design, and a batch of the

Fig. 1. — Automatic Screw Machine.

takes place at the finish of every oper-
ation, the workman being credited with
the amount of work passed by the in-
spectors. The stores obtain from the
foremen a date of completion of their
department's work on the batch in
question, and from these dates, a date
for delivery of the complete machine is
made out.

When all the machining is finished the
parts are issued to the erectors to-
gether with such components as arc
carried in stock independent of batch
orders for machines. These components
represent articles which are common to
a number of machines such as handles,
collars, screws, lock-nuts, etc. These
are known as stock parts, and are made
to the storekeeper's order. The storc-

the orders being accepted for such ma-
chines and outfits on condition that a
guaranteed time or production should
be fulfilled in the customer's presence
before delivery, and such guarantee-
are carried out in the testing depart-
ment above mentioned.

Special Screw Machines.

Fig. 1 shows an automatic screw
machine of which the firm build eleven
different sizes. They also make special
machines for the production of copper
stays for locomotives, condenser fer-
rules for marine condensers and double
ended screwed studs.

In 1907 it was found necessary to
build a works at Edgwick about three
miles from Coventry, where is situated
the foundry. These works are devoted to

CANADIAN MACHINERY

57

the building of horizontal and vertical
milling- machines.

Fig. 2 shows the Herbert plain hor-
izontal miller, which is built in three

respectively. It will be noticed that the
design is compact and gives evidence
of great power and rigidity. Two
ratios of back gearing are employed,

ensuring efficient belt contact. The test
out which the largest of the three plain
millers must fulfill is as follows :
Material Cast Iron

Fig.

Fig.

-Herbert Plain Miller.

sizes having automatic longitudinal
feed to table of 28-in., 3-1-in. ;i n»] 12-in.

which enables the small step of the cone
pulley to be kept large in diameter,

Kig. 3.^-Ki-ccnt Design of Vertical Milling Machine.

Rearing Radical Radial Drilling
Machine.

Hardness 238 Brinell

Width of cut 5-in.

Depth of cut 5-16 in.

Feed per minute 12 in.

Metal removed per minute, 18.7 cub. ins.

It will be noticed that the feed mo-
tion is driven by a single pulley. This
may b'e either belted up to the spindle
of the machine or driven direct from
the countershaft. Messrs. Herbert
strongly recommend the latter as it
makes the feed of the table entirely in-
dependent of the feed of the spindle.
The rate of feed is altered by simply-
rotating the hand wheel seen on the
feed bracket. To this hand wheel is at-
tached a dial on which are marked the
different rates of feed in inches per
minute when .driven from the counter-
shaft, or in inches per revolution when
driven from the spindle. To obtain any
desired feed, therefore, it is merely ne-
cessary to rotate the dial until that
feed comes opposite a lixed pointer.
This is believed to be the simplest feed
changing mechanism on the market, and
is applied'to all Herbert's machines.
New Milling Machine.

Fig. 3 shows a recent design of ver-
tical milling machine having a Capacity
of lH-in.xl8-in.x26-in. This machine
has constant speed drive through single
pulley which by means of gearing run-
ning in oil, gives IK speeds to the
spindle. Automatic motion is provided
to the longitudinal and cross movement
of table, vertical feed of spindle head
and rotary motion of circular table, all
these feeds being reversible and con-
trolled by the dial feed motion describ-
ed above. The circular table can be

58

CANADIAN MACHINERY

very quickly detached if it is desired to
use the maiu table for long work.

Fig. 4 shows Herbert's patent ball
bearing radial drilling machine, design-
ed for drilling holes up to 1-inch diame-
ter. The spindle, countershaft, and all
idler pulleys run on single-track, dust-
proof, oil-tight, ball bearings, and the
spindle may therefore be run at very
high speeds without wear or heating.
No lubrication is necessary as the bear-
ings will run for twelve months with-
out attention. Owing to the high
speeds that can be obtained, it is pos-
sible to run small drills made of high
speed steel at their most efficient speed,
which is not possible on the machines
of the ordinary type. The advantage of
the radial arm will be appreciated, as
it enables large work to be bolted to

Fig. 5. — Ball Bearing Drilling Machine.

the table, and holes drilled in any part.
It is found in practice that this type
of machine will handle a large propor-
tion of the work usually done on the
ordinary geared radial drilling machine,
and do it considerably cheaper.

Fig. 5 shows the upright type of Her-
bert's ball bearing drilling machine,
which is built with one, two, three or
four spindles. Any of the machines can
also be fitted with a special geared
spindle, as shown by the illustration,
the advantage of the latter being that
without sacrificing any of the advan-
tages of the ball bearing construction,
it enables holes up to 2-inch to be
bored ; tapping up to S-inch Whitworth
can be done, and bosses can be con-
veniently faced. Fitted to multiple
spindle drills, the geared spindle makes
the machine capable of dealing with a
much larger variety of -work than is
usual with this type of drill.

Fig. 6 shows Herbert's 9-inch centre
capstan lathe for chucking work. This

machine has a 3f-inch hole through the
spindle, automatic feed to the capstan
of 18 inches, and a saddle having au-
tomatic sliding and surfacing feeds.
The machine is fitted with a patent
chasing motion by means of which in-
ternal or external threads can be rapid-
ly cut by means of a chasing tool.

This type of machine is employed for
the finishing of castings, forgings, or
blanks sawn from the bar, and is large-

ean be mounted on an adjustable base
behind the machine as shown by the
illustration. The turret is hexagonal,
and has the various tools attached to
its faces.

The patent roller steady turner is
shown in more detail in Fig. 8. It will
be observed that the cutter is of simple
form, which can be ground up from a
rectangular bar of steel without forg-
ing or machining, and is therefore very

Fig. 6.— Centre Capstan Lathe for Chucking Work.

ly used on gear blanks, bushes, sleeves,
pistons, and similar work found in
petrol motors. There are nine rates of
automatic feed to the sliding and sur-
facing motion in the saddle, and eigh-
teen rates of automatic feed to the
capstan, any desired feed being ob-
tained instantly by rotating the hand
wheel seen on feed box. This makes the
machine suitable for a great variety of
work. The drive is through extra large

cheap to make and maintain. The cut-
ter is carried in a steel holder which is
advanced or withdrawn from the work
by means of the handles shown, the
position of the cutter being controlled
by means of a stop screw. This stop
is very sensitive in its action, and en-
ables the cutter to be withdrawn and
returned to its exact position any num-
ber of times. The rollers, which take
the pressure off the cut are carried on

Fig. 7. — Hexagon Turret LathO.

cone pulley and double gearing operated
by friction clutches.

Bar Working Turret Lathe.
One of the machines to which Her-
berts have devoted considerable atten-
tion is the bar working turret lathe.
Pig. 7 shows the 2J-inch x 30-inch pa-
tent hexagon turret lathe. The machine
is fitted with constant speed drive
through single pulley, giving 16 speeds
to the spindle in either direction. This
makes it very convenient for driving,
as any type of constant speed motor

pins supported on each side, which U
absolutely essential when heavy work is
to be done, the pressure of the cut
tending to koep the roller firmly on the
work, and obviate any tendency to cant.
The rollers with their slides can be
(|iii<'kly withdrawn from the work and
returned to the exact position previous-
ly occupied.

With this patent roller steady turner
the limit of output is with the cutter
itself, the following being a recorded
test :

Reducing a mild steel black bar of 30
ton steel from l^-in. to f-in. diame-
ter at one cut.

Kevs. per minute 470

Feed in inches per minute 23 1 in.

Lbs. of metal removed per min. 8.8
The automatic turning machine, by

means of -which detached pieces such as

CANADIAN MACHINERY

chines engaged in finishing gear blanks,
wheel naves, back and front hubs, dif-
ferential boxes, brake drums, and sim-
ilar work. Several machines are at-
tended to by one operator so that the
labor cost of the product is naturally
very low. The machines are automatic
in all the operations except in the

59

STEADY SLIDE
ADJUSTINC SCREW,

TOHHEL TOR LUBRICATING,

STEADY SLIDE CLAMP

STEADY SL/OE
ADJUS71NO SCREW

RACK PINION SHAFT
STOP CLAMP
. WORM SHAFT

— -rSTOPSCREiV

WITHDRAWING,
j PINS

STEAOy SLIDE

STOP SCREW"
CLAMP

TOOL
'ACTUATING
/fAJYDEE

'ADJUSTABLE STOP

CUTTER CLAMPING SCREWS
' CUTTER SLICE
TOP INCLINE

RACK TEETH

iL-OOVETAIL SLIDE
— THE CUTTER

■<ooy

ITER SUPPORT!
IE-BOTTOM TACE _

CUTTER SLIDE GIB SCREWS
CUTTER SLIDE CLAMP

Pig. 8.— Roller Steady Turner.

castings and forgings may be machined
in the most economical manner has re-
cently received a considerable amount
of attention on the part of Alfred Her-
bert. At Daimler Co.'s works at Cov-
entry, where the new Silent Knight
Engine is now being produced in large
quantities, are twelve of Alfred Her-
bert's No. 6 automatic turning ma-

chucking, which is done by hand in the
usual manner. The machine is then
started up and performs its cycle of
operations and stops. The operator
then removes the finished work from
the ohuck, replaces it with a fresh cast-
ing or forging and starts the machine
up as before.

Catalogues

Babbitt Metals — Is the title of a
small vest-pocket sized 4-page booklet
gotten out by Factory Products, To-
ronto, and gives a short description of
the nine different babbitt metals that
they handle, as well as giving their
varied uses. Among the kinds listed,
user9 should be in a position to select
a suitable metal.

Geometric Die Head. — "Geometric
Screw Cutting Die Head, Self-Opening
and Adjustable Style D," is the title
of a neat 16-page brochure issued by
The Geometric Tool Co., New Haven,
Conn., descriptive of this small tool.
The construction is dealt with in detail
and its use exemplified.

Coal Punchers. — Form No. 5002 from
the Ingersoll-Rand Co., New York, is a
24 page pamphlet descriptive of the
Ni-w Ingersoll Coal Punchers, showing
it in detail, and illustrating its opera-
tion in service.

(ore Drills— The Davis Calyx Dia-
mondlesa Core Drill is described at
length in Form No. 9001, issued by the
[ngersoll-Rand Co., New York. The
pamphlet, which contains 18 pages gives
many illustrations of the uses to which

this drill can be put, and shows the
results in several cases.

Dart Unions. — Under the significant
title "Dart Unions ; What They Are,
and What They Do," the Dart Union
Co., Toronto, have just issued a small
eight-page booklet descriptive of these
unions. Their essential points are :
an all bronze ball joint ; heavy iron
thread ends ; and neat finished castings
and full threads. Dart unions are made
in both screwed (or nut) and flange
types, and may be used on steam, wa-
ter, gas or air pipes. The ball-shaped
seats make a perfect joint either in or
out of line ; the bronze face prevents
corrosion and rust ; their heavy con-
struction adds length of life ; and the
Dart has all the advantages of the all-
bronze union with the additional
strength of iron ends. Dart unions
claim the advantages of saving in up-
keep cost ; elimination of trouble in
making joints ; assurance of tight
joints, allowing joints to be made in-
numerable times without expense ; and
also allow the joints as well as the
pipes to be covered. Every Dart union
and flange is guaranteed. Several col-
ored illustrations of both screwed and
flanged unions give a good idea of what
these goods are like.

Fire Brick and Refractory Material. —
In catalogue No. 2, issued by the De-
troit Foundry Supply Co., Detrot, its
line of fire brick and refractory mater-
ial for foundry use is illustrated and
described. Numerous valuable tables
are included which will aid the foundry-
man in lining his cupola, and tables of
temperatures, weights, etc., are all
given.

Smooth-On Instruction Book.— The
Smooth-On Mfg. Co., Jersey City, N.
J., has issued the ninth edition of its
instruction book, which is replete with
information regarding the use of
Smooth-On products. This book con-
tains 96 pages, is well illustrated, and
many views are shown of the applica-
tion of iron cements, sheet packings,
etc., made by this concern.

Horizontal Boring Machines.— Webster
& Bennett, Ltd., Coventry, England,
devote section E of their Modern Ma-
chine Tool catalogue series, to this
kind of machine, describing and briefly
enumerating the principal points of a
large number. It is a 16-page booklet,
and numerous types of horizontal bor-
ing and milling machines are shown.

Book Reviews

Work, Wages, and Profit and Their
Influence on the cost of Living — By H.
S. Gantt, published by the Engineering
Magazine, New York ; size 5x7^ ins.;
pages 194 ; illustrations 2 ; bound in
cloth, price $2.

This book, written by an authority
who has been connected with advanced
work in labor management, deals with
the possibilities of increasing produc-
tion by scientifically training the work-
men. Until within a few years, the
mechanic was necessarily the source and
conserver of all industrial knowledge,
and on him, therefore vested the respon-
sibility for training workmen. With the
advent of the scientifically educated en-
gineer, capable of substituting a scien-
tific solution of problems for the
empirical solution accepted by the me-
chanic, the responsibility of training
workers naturally shifts to the should-
ers of the engineer. If he accepts this
responsibility, and bases training on the
results of scientific investigation, the
efficiency of the workman can be so
greatly increased that the manufacturer
can afford to give those that take ad-
vantage of this training, such compen-
sation as will secure their hearty and
continuous co-operation, thus making
permanent advance toward the solution
of the labor problem. The foregoing, is
in substance the basis of the book.
Most of the information contained is
from various addresses delivered by the
author before scientific bodies, and also
from a series of articles published early
this year in the Engineering Magazine.
Dealing first with the application of the
scientific method to the labor problem,
the author proceeds to a discourse on
"the utilization of labor. Compensation
of workmen is next discussed, dealing
with day work, piece work, and task
work with a bonus. Training workmen
in habits of industry and co-operation
and fixing these habits, is dealt with at
length, with a final chapter on profits
and their influence on the cost of living.
To managers, superintendents, and
foreman who are interested in business
building, this book ought to be of es-
pecial interest.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

IRON CASTINGS: DEFECTS AND
REMEDIES.*

By Kobert Job.**

To many consumers an iron casting
is an iron easting, and little thought or
attention is given to its quality, apart
from a general surface examination, to
see whether it appears to be sound and
if it is clean and of the desired dimen-
sions.

In some cases, the casting- must be
machined prior to use, and the serious

X

ffli(

defect may develop that the iron is so
hard as to turn the edge of the tool,
or make the work of machining so slow
that labor costs are high. If the cast-
ing cannot be machined, it must be re-
jected and delay occurs in getting re-
placement ; and even when it can be
slowly machined and finally gets into
service, difficulty soon begins, for a
casting of this type, though having a
high tensile strength, is unfortunately
brittle and fragile under impact, and,
as a consequence, failure is apt to oc-
cur after a short service.

The cause of such hardness is gener-
ally excess either of sulphur or of man-
ganese, due to defective quality of the
cupola charge, that is to say, of the
pig iron, or scrap, or coke, one or all.
In some cases also the silicon is too
low for the character of the casting.
Sometimes, too, the moulding sand has
been improperly tempered and the iron
has been chilled, or, again, perhaps a
poor grade or an excessive proportion
of scrap has been used in the charge.

From this brief statement it will be
evident that "hard iron" is not by any
means a result of any one cause, but
may be due to many widely differing
conditions.

In order to find the proper remedy,
the cause of the difficulty must, of
course, be determined. Often an analy-
sis of the iron will tell the story, or

• Read before Canadian Railway Club, Mont-
real.
*• Vice-Prcts. Milton Herscy Co., Montreal.

again, in some cases the physical con-
dition of the casting will give the clue
by pretense and appearance of blow-
holes, shrinkage-cracks and other char-
acteristic defects.

If the hardness is caused by excess of
sulphur or by otherwise incorrect com-
position, the inference is that proper
care has not been used in the selection
of the material, and purchase should be
made under carefully arranged specifi-
cations, fixing the proportion of silicon,
phosphorus, sulphur, and carbon to ac-
cord with the properties desired in the
castings. For instance, if tough, strong
easily machined iron is desired, th.'
silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, and man-
ganese should be limited and the qual-
ity of the coke should be carefully in-
vestigated in order to hold down the
proportions of sulphur and of ash. foi
obviously it is a sheer waste of time
and money to pay great attention to
the quality of the pig iron and then
accept and use shipments of coke which
may contain thirty times as much sul-
phur as is present in ever a poor grade
of pig iron. Under such conditions
nothing but hard castings may be ex-
pected.

Sponge Iron.

Porous, spongy iron is another source
of annoyance and loss to the consumer.
Frequently a great deal of work will

Fig. 2.-

be put upon a casting in the machine
shop, only to have a large cavity finally
develop, rendering the casting unsafe
for the service intended. In such case,
replacement must be made by the foun-
dry, but the labor is lost and the delay
which occurs in replacement often
causes great inconvenience. Frequently
the surface of the casting shows no in-
dication of this defective condition.

Porosity is frequently due to blow-
holes in the iron, as for instance, when
gas has been trapped in the casting
owing to failure to provide proper
vents. In some cases, the iron may
not have been fluid enough -when poured
into the mold, and in consequence, the

small bubbles of gas could not escape
before solidification occurred, and an
unsound, honey-combed casting is the
result.

Bvery foundryman knows well the im-
portance of "hot iron" — that is to say.
iron which is at such a high tempera-
ture when poured into the ladle it is al-
most as fluid as water. Such iron fills
the molds thoroughly, and many of the
foundry troubles which otherwise aro
apt to result are avoided. To secure it,
one must pay special attention to the
cupola charge. A sufficient proportion
of coke must be used, and its quality
must be carefully regulated. The pro-
portion of sulphur and of ash must be
low, and dust and small pieces which
would tend to check the draught and
thus prevent free-burning must be ab-
sent. A sufficient air pressure must be
maintained, and the cupola practice so
regulated that a quick melt will be se-
cured. Other things being equal, the
shorter the time in the cupola, the bet-
ter the chance to get good castings.
Shrinkage Holes.

Shrinkage holes or cracks are apt to
occur with hard, high sulphur iron, and
this condition due simply to the fact
that iron of this character contracts to
a much greater extent than does a
softer iron containing a large propor-
tion of graphitic carbon. Shrinkage
holes are a fruitful cause of failure, and
they are. particularly objectionable ow-
ing to the fact that they frequently do
not appear upon the surface, and hence
the weakness may not be suspected un-
til failure occurs. The remedy for such
condition, obviously, is to keep at a
minimum the proportion of sulphur in
each constituent of the foundry charge,
and take proper precautions to keep
the iron soft.

Typical Defects.

Defects of castings are, unfortunately,
of so many varieties that any attempt

Fig. 3.-

to cover the subject even in a brief de-
scription, would weary your patience,
and I have, therefore, confined myself to

II

CANADIAN MACHINERY

61

a few of the typical cases which are
seen all too often in service. "Strong
as iron" is an axiom, but frequently
the appearance of the metal belies the
itruth. As an instance of this, we have
in mind, a heavy, massive cast iron
base weighing many tons which sup-
ported a large shop tool. After a short
Service cracks began to develop, neces-
sitating the removal of the tool and
the replacement of the base.

A careful investigation was made to
determine the cause of failure and it
was found that the proportion of phos-
phorus and of silicon in the iron were
excessive, causing the metal to be ex-
ceedingly weak, and hence resulting in
fracture. High phosphorus is particu-
larly objectionable when the casting is
subjected to impact, as for instance, in
wheel-centres, cylinders, columns, etc.,
and unluckily for the consumer such
iron can generally be obtained at a con-
siderably lower cost than can a strong-
er, tougher, grade, and consequently,
unless each shipment is systematically
tested before use the better quality can-
not be expected. Many cases have come
under our observation in which wheel-
centres and cylinders containing about
one per cent, of phosphorus have crack-
ed after a service of only a few weeks,

or even days, while with the phosphorus
reduced to about one-half of one per
cent, and with the other elements pro-
perly proportioned the castings would
give good service for years under the
same conditions.

In cylinders, radiators, and other
castings, a very close texture is essen-
tial in order to avoid leakage. Often
there is little or no indication to the
eye that holes exist in the iron, and
yet under test the pressure gauge falls,
showing that the iron is porous. Such
character may b© due to the presence of
slag and oxide in the casting, or, in
other words, the continuity of the iron
may be broken up by fine particles of
foreign matter. This condition may be
caused by over-blowing the iron in the
cupola, or it may result from the im-
purities in the scrap, and in order to
remove it thorough deoxidation is es-
sential.

From what has been said, it will be
readily understood that radical differ-
ences exist in the structure of the metal
of castings, and within recent years
great strides have been taken in the de-
velopment and microscopic study of the
characteristic forms, and it has become
possible to identify many causes of diffi-

culty by the appearance of polished or
etched sections cut from the castings.
As examples, we will, in closing, throw
upon the screen a few photo-micrographs,
the originals being magnified fifty diam-
eters— showing typical forms which may
make or mar the service. All of the sec-
tions were cut from the sides of automo-
bile cylinders where the metal was about
one-quarter inch thick. The metal is po-
lished, but not etched.

Figure 1 shows a very open structure
with large areas of graphite. A struc-
ture of this kind is relatively weak, and
not well adapted to withstand impacts.

In Figure 2 the iron is porous and con-
tains considerable oxidized metal, a con-
sequence of defective foundry practice.

i

In Figure 3 the metal as a whole has a

close texture, and is strong and well
adapted for the service intended. The
iron is largely free from slag and oxides
and the graphite, although present in
even larger proportion than in Figure 1,
is distributed in fine lines throughout the
metal, greatly increasing the strength.
The analysis of this iron showed that
the constituents had been carefully se-
lected, and its structure proves that cor-
rect methods of foundry practice have
been used.

A Y

oung

President of a Large Malleable Industry

The Smith's Falls Malleable Castings Company Elect New Offi-
cers— Description of their Plant, Including their New Foundry.

With the rapid industrial growth of
Canada the younger men are cjming
to the front and assuming the positions
of responsibility and trust formerly oc-
cupied by those more advanced in years.
This was demonstrated at the recent
annual meeting of the Smith's Falls
Malleable Castings Co., Smith's Falls,
when Ebenezer Theodore Frost, second
son of W. H. Frost, was elected presi-
dent and treasurer.

E. Theodore Frost, who succeeds his
father, who now occupies the position
of vice-president and general manager,
has been connected with the company

for several years. He received his edu-
cation at the Smith's Falls public and
high schools, but soon left these in-
stitutions to obtain his education in
the broader field of life's experience.

He spent some time in the banking
business and afterwards entered the
office of the Malleable Co. He worked
diligently at the business until he was
familiar with every detail including- the
buying' and selling. Thus at twenty-five
lie has qualified himself for the control-
ling of a large institution employing be-
tween three and four hundred men. E.
T. Frost is also a director and treasurer

pi the Smith's Falls Electric Power Co.
Thirty-two years ago W. H. Frost
and Charles Jones conceived the idea
that they could find a good demand for
malleable castings if a suitable place
could be procured. They started with
a capital of $2,500 in a small brick
building' 30x60 ft., situated on the wa-
ter front. At first they employed one
molder in addition to themselves and
built a one ton oven. They were then
ready for business.

Their first order was for 75 cents;
but others ca.m.e quickly, and they were
comp.eUcd to erect larger buildings. For

No. 1 Plant ol Smith

Malleable Castings Co.

62

CANADIAN MACHINERY

this purpose they bought in the sur-
rounding land along the river front
until they have in that part of the
town about 2 J acres almost completely
housed in.
In 1903 the company was incorporat-

:\ cure room 40x60 ft., sand sheds, etc.
In the annealing room are two double
annealing oven with a capacity of 160
tons, 2 single of 40 tons, and 3 single
of 20 tons capacity. In the foundry are
two 15 ton air blast furnaces. The

left of the illustration is at the power
plant, the centre at the annealing ovens
and the one at the left is at the foun-
dry furnace.

Officers.
At the recent annual meeting the fol-

EBENEZER THEODORE FROST.

President and Treasurer of the Smith's Falls
Malleable Castings Co.

W. H. FROST,

Vice-Pres. and General Manager S. F. Malleable

Castings Co.

J. EDWIN FROST.
Secretary S. F. Malleable Castings Co.

ed, but was still in control of W. H.
Frost until this year when E. T. Frost
was elected president.

Plant No. 1.

The larger plant is situated on the

the Rideau River and is connected to

the C.P.R. by a siding. This plant

consits of one large building 360x90 ft.

H. H. KIRKLAND.
General Supt. S. F. Malleable Castings Co.

in which is housed the annealing room,
rumbling room, shipping room and
power plant ; a foundry and pattern
shop 250x60 ft. with a wing 125x60 ft.,

total capacity of the No. 1 plant is 5,-
000 tons per year.

In the power plant is a 75 h.p. E.
Leonard engine. The coal supply is
brought by water from Sodus Point.
The coal is mined at Westmoreland,
Pa., and 4,000 tons are required an-
nually.

Plant No. 2.

The illustration shows the No. 2
plant which is almost wholly devoted
to railroad work, the specialty of the
company being railroad castings though
large quantities of automobile and agri-
cultural castings are also turned out.

The No. 2 plant, located on a ten-
acre plot in the north end of the town,
is L-shaped, all the departments being
under one roof. The main wing is
91x220 and contains the annealing room
and foundry, core room, etc., while the
other wing 91x70 ft, contains the
shipping room, power plant, etc.

Coal is brought from Westmoreland
by rail and a C.P.R. siding facilitates
the receiving of supplies and shipping
of castings. Over 2,000 tons coal are
required yearly at the No. 2 plant.

In the power plant is a 60 h.p. Inglis
engine which drives 8 tumbling barrels,
suction fan, blower, and wood-working
lathe. Chapman double ball bearings
have been installed throughout.

The capacity of the No. 2 plant is
3,000 tons per year. The furnace has a
15-ton capacity and there are two 40-
ton annealing ovens. The stack at the

lowing officers were elected :

Ebenezer Theodore Frost, President
and Treasurer.

William H. Frost, Vice-President and
General Manager.

J. Edwin Frost, Secretary.

Directors— E. T. Frost, W. H. Frost,
B. H. Frost, J. E. Frost and Henry
Kirkland.

BURTON H. FROST,
Director S. F. Malleable Castings Co.

The general superintendent is Henry
Kirkland. The assistant superintendent
is Walter Stewart, who is in charge of
the No. 2 plant.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

63

1 Improvements Contemplated.

In order to make conditions better for
the men in No. 1 plant, a heat ex-

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A4. a Pl««t.

No. 2 Plant of Smith's Falls Malleable Castings
Co.

hauster will be installed. Waste heat
from the furnace will be used to heat the
building in winter and the heat and gases
will be exhausted to atmosphere in the
summer.

The offices of the company are at
No. 1 plant. A convenient site has
been purchased at the corner of Water
and Bay Sts., and large new offices
will be erected. Other improvements
include a complete new power plant.
Eleven additional acres have been pur-
chased on the river front about a mile
east of No. 1 plant and it is expected
that a large new industry will soon be
erected on this situation.

No. 1 Plant S. F. Malleable Castings Co., Showing Molding shop and Annealing Room.

mami

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Plant No. 2 Showing New Foundry of Smith's Falls Malleable Castings Co.

RUPERT G. BRUCE CO.

On another page appears an adv. of
a new firm just organized in Canada
with headquarters at Toronto, of par-
ticular interest to the foundry and
electro-plating trades. The manager,
Rupert G. Bruce, who has been associat-
ed with Frederic B. Stevens, organized
this firm to manufacture in Canada a
lot of material that up to the present
time has been imported exclusively
from the United States and England.

The new organization has taken out
a charter under the name of Rupert G.
Bruce Co., Limited, and have located
their factory at 96-98 Queen St. East,
with a large warehouse for raw ma-
terials at the head of Macdonell Ave.
on the C. P. R.

They will manufacture foundry sup-
plies, also electro-platers' supplies,
buffing compositions and cotton buffs.

Their superintendent is a man of very
wide experience, having been in this line
for the last 25 years in the different
parts of the United States.

The directors of the new firm are
Charles S. Murray, of the W. A. Murray
Co., and R. L. Kleiser of the Albert
Kleiser Co., Frank C. Foy, of the New
York, Central Railway, and Rupert G.
Bruce.

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Plant No. 1.— Smith's Falls Malleable Castings Co.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

WEL I, AND.— United Motors. Ltd.. will build an
automobile factory in the township of Crowland.
The directors of this concern are Frederick
Sager. Detroit ; K. A. English, Toronto : W. L.
Adams. Niagara Falls ; and L. C. Raymond, and
B. J. McCormick. of Welland. The capitaliza-
tion is $200,000. The construction of the pro-
posed works will be commenced at an early date.

MONTREAL — A. H. Huff, sales manager. J.
[.. Waldic. secretary-treasurer, and F. Moseley.
superintendent of the pipe mill of the Montreal
Rolling Mills, have resigned, and will establish
a rolling mill to manufacture iron pipe.

MEDICINE HAT— The Alberta Iron Rolling
Mills will erect a $100,000 plant.

OTTAWA.— A. W. Henderson, of Bruton. So-
merset, Eng.. has secured a site on McKay
Street. 100 x 155 feet, as the location for his
patent saw factory.

PRINCE RUPERT.— The Grand Trunk Pacific
Railway Co. will erect at Prince Rupert a dry
dock with a lifting capacity of 20,000 tons at a
cost of $1,500,000, and a marine depot at a cost
of $200,000.

COLLINGWOOD — Major J. A. Currie intends
to establish a screw and bolt factory here. A
two-storey mill building will be erected at once,
and $50,000 will be expended on plant and ma-
chinery. From 80 to 100 men will be employed
when the works are in operation.

HAMILTON.— The Hamilton Bridge Works Co.
have taken out a permit for tHte erection of an
addition to their factory here, to cost $10,000.

ORILLIA.— The contract for the office and main
building of the Canada Smelting & Refining
Company's plant, has been awarded to E. Webb.

PORT HOPE.— The International Tool Steel
Co. have definitely d-ccided to locate at Port
Hope, and will at once commence the erection
of four buildings. Fifty men will be employed
at the start and $35,000 will be expended on
machinery and plant. Twenty furnaces will be
installed at first, to be increased to fifty later
on.

SAULT STE. MARIE.— The directors of the
Lake Superior Corporation have decided to ex-
pend the sum of $12,000,000 during the present
year on extensions to the steel plant, railway
construction, as well as on the company's mines
and forests.

ST. BONIFACE.— The C.N.R. is reported to
have completed arrangements with the Council of
the city of St. Boniface, Man., for extensive im-
provements there within the next two years, in-
cluding a large roundhouse, storehouses, coal
warehouses, freight sheds, the union depot to be
shared with the G.T.P.. and a new traffic bridge
to bo built across the Red River from Winnipeg.
The total improvements will cost over $1,000,000,
and the company has signed a bond guaranteeing
the completion of the work within two years.

HAMILTON.— The Canadian Westinghouse Co..
Hamilton, has arranged for another addition to
its plant, and will build a brick and reinforced
concrete extension to its detail building, and a
Bte hall at a cost of $22,000.

LONDON— The Willys-Overland Co.. Toledo.

O.. automobile manufacturers, will establish a

lian branch at London, having Becured a

factory building on Dundas St., which is being

r-tuod«'llc(l in accordance with its plans.

PETEKBOKO.— The Lundy Shovel & Tool Co.
will locate a new plant here.

WATFORD. ONT.— The Andrews Wire & Iron
Co. will erect a plant here.

MIDLAND.— Fire broke out in the foundry of
the Midland Engine Works Co.. recently, damag-

ing the south side of the building and contents.
The loss is estimated at $12,000. with an insur-
ance of $10,000.

CAMPBELLTON. N.B.— The I.C.R. Board of
Management has decided on tho plans for exten-
sive new railway buildings to replace those de-
stroyed by the fire of last July. The total cost
will be about $200,000.

TORONTO.— The C. A. Dunham Co., Marshall-
town. Iowa, with offices in the Continental Life
Bldg., propose erecting a plant here lor tne
manufacture of heating and power plant spe-
cialties. The building will ' be 40 ,x so it. and
will cost $11,000.

SMITH'S FALLS.— Negotiations are being
carried on to consolidate the malleable casting
industries in Smith's Falls, St. Catharines,
Gait, Brantford and WalKervillc.

LONDON.— Geo White & Sons expect to be in
their new plant this month. The machine shops
are 350 x 142 ft., shipping room is 25u it.
square, tne separator aept. 200 x 100 and tne
office 120 x 40. Hydro-electric power will be
used. The shops are located on the C.P.R. and
G.T.R.

LONDON— The C.P.R. has purchased the land
between Quobec and Elias Sts. and will erect a
new roundhouse and machine shop. Tne rounu-
house will accomodate 25 locomotives, and mo-
dern coal chutes, ash pits, etc., will be erected.
The machine shop will be up-to-date in every
respect.

BELLEVILLE.— The roundhouse which is be-
ing erected by the Grand Trunk here is the se-
cond largest on the system, having stalls lor 42
locomotives, it is of concrete, ana a quarter of
a mile in circumference. The walls are 19 ieet
nigh, 22 inches thick at bottom, and nine inches
at the top. The roof is of steel, covered with
asbestos. A new machine shop, 50 by 200 feet ;
office and storeroom, 30 by 80 ftit. are also be-
ing erected. The work, on which 350 men are
employed, was begun on August 10, and is ex-
pected to be completed by Nov. 1.

MONTREAL. — Plans and specifications for the
new building to be erected for the National
Acme Mfg. Co., Ontario Street east, may be
»een in the office of Mr. E. L. Baugh, 107 St.
James Street.

WALKERVILLE. — The general contract for the
3-storey, 80 by 90 feet, factory for the Ford
Motor Car Co.. has been awarded to Wells &
dray Co., Toronto ; cost $21,000. Albert Kahn
& E. Wilby, Detroit, Mich., architects.

PRESTON, ONT— Clare Bro.s. & Co. intend to
enlarge their factory considerably, the adjoining
property having been purchased. Work may not
start until next spring.

PRESTON. — A by-law to give certain privileges
to Bavtz Bros., formerly of Gait, will bo sub-
mitted to the ratepayers on October 10th. A
large factory will be erected.

NEW WESTMINSTER.— Work has been started
on the wire nail factory, to be erected for G.
W. Laidlaw, formerly of Hamilton, Out. It is
being built about a half a mile below the Lulu
Island bridge, inside the city limits. About one.
hundred men will be employed. Wire nails and
fencing will be manufactured at present, but a
galvanizing plant will probably be added next
year.

CALEDONIA.— The Paris Plaster Co. us

spending $50,000 on their works.

BERLIN.— A new industry, the Dominion Shoe
A Slipper Co. is locating here.

WELLAND.— The Hamilton Tube Co.. which
came from Pittsburg to Hamilton two years

ago, and manufactures butt joint, welded and
structural tubing, have decided to locate here.

HAMILTON.— The Hamilton Bridge Works Co.
announce the purchase of ten acres of land in the
manufacturers' annex, for an open air stock
yard. A ten-ton traveling crane will be built
and switches from the G.T.R. and T.H. & B.
run in. The plant will cost $10,000, and if the
company's business warrants it. an extension
of the west end plant will be built there.

MONTREAL.— Two prominent English firms
will shortly locate branches here. The George
Anderson Co., manufacturers of cranes and
stove machinery, will build a large factory at
onee, and expect to occupy it by May 1. They
also expect to build shops in some western On-
tario town. The second concern is the Cleve-
land Bridge & Engineering Co., of Darlington,
England, which will locate shops here.

VANCOUVER.— A. D. McRae. of the Canadian
Northern, annouoced to-day that car building
shops for the entire system with 5,000 men em-
ployed will be erected at Port Mann.

ST. JOHN, N.B. — George McAvity, president
of T. McAvity & Sons, Ltd., said that his firm
would establish a large iron or brass foundry in
Port Arthur. Ont.. to take care of the firm's
western business. It is also probable that they
will establish a branch of the large St. John
works in Montreal.

WALLACEBURG— The Wallaceburg Brass
Works, which has been carrying on business in
the town hall property for the past four years.
intends erecting a permanent factory in the
near future, provided the town gives some con-
cessions. The concern now employs 60 hands
and will require 100 when the new factory is
completed. The board of trade has recommend-
ed that the company be granted a fixed assess-
ment of $3,000 for ten years for school taxes,
exemption from other rates, and if a town
waterworks is established, free water for the
same period. A by-law to this effect will be
submitted to the electors in January.

KINGSTON.— The organization has been com-
pleted for the Hawthorn Silver Iron Mines to
develop iron ores around the K. & P. R. The
company has 20.000 acres, will ship ore and
manufacture pig iron. A plant with a capacity
of 2,000 tons will be built.

LONDON.— Tlie McClary Mfg. have taken out
a permit for a one-storey concrete building on
Adelaide Street, to cost $5,000.

The Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Co.. of
Darlington, Eng., are considering the erection of
a large plant here in the near future.

GUELPH.— The Gilson Mfg. Co. has commenc-
ed work on the erection of an addition, 100 x
60, doubling the size of its present plant.

CHATHAM.— The International Harvester Co.,
Chicago, have secured control of the Chatham
Wagon Co.. and int-.nd to extend the plant con-
siderably.

MONTREAL.— The general contract for the
erection of the extensive shops of the Street
Railway Co. has been awarded to J. B. Pauze
& Co.

WINNIPEG.— The C'.N.K. have a permit to
construct coach shops in the west yard, at $42,-
000. The contract has been let to the Carter-
Halls- Aldinger Co.

EDISON. ALTA — The contract for the con-
struction of roundhouses, machine shops, and
passenger station here, the first divisional point
on tho G.T.P. west of Edmonton, has been
awarded to the May Construction Co.. at a
price approximating $75,000. Work is to be com-
menced at onee on the new buildings.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Municipal Undertakings.

WINNIPEG.— The City Council last night let
the contract for forty-six thousand feet of cable
for the power plant transmission to the Can-
adian-British Insulated Cable Co., of Montreal.
The price was $51,500.

TORONTO.— The V. H. McGuigan Construction
Company, of Toronto was awarded thv contract
for the construction of the Queen Street East
high level bridge at $193,000.

PRINCE ALBERT.— A by-law will be voted on
to expend $12,000 for a filtration plant.

VERDUN. QUE.— The town council will extend
its water dyke, at an expenditure of $200,000.

SOURIS— The J. L. White Co.. of Sioux Falls,
S.D., will instal a waterworks system.

MEDICINE HAT. — Proposes replacing all wood
pipe* by iron pipes in its waterworks and sew-
age systems.

ST. CATHARINES.— Engineer Kennedy has
submitted a report for the improvement and ex-
tension of the waterworks at a cost of $52,000.

FERNIE. — A by-law will be submitted to raise
$27,000 for the construction of a sanitary sewer
east of Crow's Nest Southern Railway.

MONTREAL.— Tenders addressed to L. N. Sene-
cal, secretary, Montreal Board of Commissioners,
will be received for steel pipe, dredging work
and concrete pier in connection with the new in-
take for the waterworks.

MEDICINE HAT. ALTA.— The ratepayers have
approved by-laws to raise $50,000 for the instal-
lation of an electrical plant, $45,000 for water-
works extension and $18,500 for industrial sites.

DAUPHIN. MAN.— The contract for putting in
the waterworks and sewerage system was award,
ed to Flanagan & Murphy. The cost of the sys-
tem will be $250,000. Wood pipe will be used for
the gravity system, which is nine miles from the
Riding mountains to the town.

Orillia. — At a recent meeting of the council it
was decided to spend immediately $10,000 in im-
proving the power plant. A by-law will be sub-
mitted to the ratepayers asking them to au-
thorize the expenditure. The installation of a
new unit and greater wheel capacity must, how-
ever, follow within a year or two. and this will
entail a probable expenditure of from $25, 000 to
$30,000.

MEDICINE HAT. ALTA.— The city recently in-
vited tenders for two d.c. gas-engine-driven 125
k.w. alternating current units for tho power
plant. The following bids were received : — Gor-
man. Clancy, Grindley, generator, $5,675 : Can-
ada Foundry Co., engine and generators, $21,-
050 : Canadian Fairbanks Co.. engine $13,922, gen-
erators, $5,903 : National Meter Co., engines,
$13,495, generators, $6,500 : Turner, Fricke. Pitts-
burg, engines, $16,706.80. generators. $7,851 : Chap-
man, Walker, Co.. engines, $17,060, generators,
$5,630 : Drummond. McCall & Co.. engines, $13.-
500; E. Leonard & Soni, engines, $13,974, . gener-
ators, $11,100 : Kilmer, Pullen & Burnham (1)
engines. $14,500, generators $8,776, (2) engines,
$17,500, generators, $8,776 : Siemens Bros.. (1)
engines. $14,500. generators, $4,255, (2) engines,
$17,500, generators, $4,255 : Allis-Chalmers-Bul-
lock, Ltd., engines and generators, $24,215 ; Can-
adian Westinghouse Co., engines, $20,600, gener-
ators, $5,690; Canadian Boving Co., (1) engines.
$14,500, generators. $4,255. (2) engines. $17,500,
generators. $4,255 : Vandeleur & Nichols, (1) en-
gines, $14,500, generators, $3,050, (2) engines,
$17,500, generators, $3,200.

REGINA. SASK. — Six money by-laws, author-
izing the issue of debentures totalling $196,000.
were carried recently. The money will be dis-
tributed in the following improvements : — Pave-
ments. 5132,000 : fire protection. $16,000 : sewer
and waterworks extension, $20,000 ; sidewalks,
$59,000.

OTTAWA.— The cost of the scheme to get the
city water from McGregor's Lake, in the Gati-
neau District, some 12 miles north of the city,
is placed at approximately $2,000,000. The by-
law for this may be submitted to the ratepayers
at the next election.

BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST

can be secured for any class of castings by arranging your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult with

The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited

18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO

EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS

TESTS OF METALS, FUELS, CORES, OILS. Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.

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Simplified Stills for Industrial Alcohol

We are builders of portable stills. We build and install plants large or small. 5 to 500
gallons, and we solicit trade of those who fully recognize the value of safety. Our FOOL
PROOF SAFETY STILL is a still that an unskilled laborer can operate after one day's
instruction. This is our small 5-gallon still.

We hive features in our SIMPLIFIED STILLS that place them far ahead of other stills for-
speed, efficiency, simplicity in setting up, and cheapness of operation in the production of
industrial alcohol from shavings, old or green sawdust, and vegetable waste, at a cost of
from 8 to 12 cents per gallon.

Brought down to dollars and cents, a 5-gallon tax-free still, capacity 20 to 25 gallons daily.
26 davs in a month, at say 20 gallons a day— 520 gallons, price 50c. per gallon, — $260.00. Less
cost of labor, fuel and material, say 12c. per gallon, or $62.40. Net monthly profit. $197.60 This
is the way the 5-gallon still figures out. The cost of the 5 gallon fax-free still complete and
ready to set up is $135 00. Freight prepaid if cash accompanies order.

If the said 5-gallon Tax-free Still fails to produce alcohol at a cost of 12c.
per gallon or less, we will cheerfully return to you the money paid us.

75 to 100 gallon plants, installed under guarantee, cost $950.00. payable as follows : $500.00
with order aad $450.00 in sizty days.

One ton of corn at the price of 40c. per bushel will cost $11.28: coal cost, labor, etc., to
convert one ton of corn into alcohol will cost $6.40: total. $20.63. less value of slop of $11.60
per ton of corn, making net cost of material $9.08 per ton One ten of corn will yield 98 gallons
of 188 degree alcohol at a cost of $9.08. or $0.0916 per gallon. This is from official statistics.

Do you know that there is a trust in stills? We know we can save you money and seek to
prove it. Won't you kindly consider our proposition when we SHOW YOU IN DOLLARS
AND CENTS just what our stills will do for you ? May we hear from you to-day— now ?

Yours very truly,

THE WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES CO. Inc., 1204 McColloch St., Wheeling W. Va.

66

CANADIAN -MACHINERY

Side Head of the Verti-
cal Turret Lathe

A Big Factor in Reducing the Cost of

Production of Many Kinds of

Face Plate Work.

flrtt 3»uin*. Flnt Op*f»tl«i.

Perhaps the greatest productive differ-
ence between modern and pre-modern
machine tools is the doubling up or
"tripling" up of cutting tools. One cut
at a time is no longer sufficient to get
competition-meeting results, and it was
the realization of this fact that led to
the designing of the Bullard Vertical
Turret Lathe.

Besides the main turret head this ma-
chine has a side head which enables the
operator to take simultaneous cuts on
various surfaces. It does not interfere
in any way with the operation of the
main head.

The illustration herewith shows a job
on which the Vertical Turret Lathe
made a new record of 90 min.

The piece is a 27£ in. piston on which
simultaneous cuts with the Side Head
cut 30 minutes from the best previous
time.

The Vertical Turret Lathe has two
heads — a turret head and a side head —
which allow two or more tools to be
used at the same time.

All the tools needed for a whole series
of operations are held in instant readi-
ness.

In a word the Vertical Turret Lathe
is a unique combination of the good
points, the advantages of the vertical
boring mill and the horizontal turret
lathe.

Its vertical construction allows many
a piece to be finished before it could be
chucked ready for work on a horizontal
turret lathe. For modern work— espec-
ially for duplicate pieces — the Bullard
Vertical Turret Lathe is an innovation.
It is a tool you must know about.

The entire sequence of operations on
the piece shown here and other pieces
is graphically illustrated in our new
catalogue, which is free for the asking.
Send for catalogue C-15.

The Bullard Machine Tool Go.

Bridgeport, Conn., U.S.A.

WEIJjANB.— The ratepayers will again vote on
n by-law for waterworks extensions. The total
net of the proposed scheme is $52,000. and in-
cludes the following items : Plunger pumps. ete..
$41,000 : waterwheels. $2,300 ; cast iron pipe. $9.-
100. Wm. Kennedy. Jr., is the consulting en
gineer.

NEW WESTMINSTER— The Municipal Con-
struction Co.. Vancouver, has secured the con-
tract for laying the new steel main to Coquit-
lam Lake which will supply water here and to
the municipality of Richmond. The 25 inch pipe
line will be fourteen miles in length and is cal-
culated to discharge 250,000 gallons of water
every 24 hours. There is already a H inch main
tapping the lake connecting with two reservoirs
in the city, the high level one being at an ele-
vation of 110 feet, and the low level one at 250
feet. The tender price for hauling and laying the
new line is 125,000, and the total cost to the
city $360,000.

Electrical Notes.

ST. THOMAS. — At the meeting of the council.
Alderman Price and Alderman Chant were au-
thorized to continue the negotiations with Port
Stanley in regard to the furnishing of that
municipality with power.

STELLARTON, N.S.— The Acadia Coal' Co..
Stellarton. N.S., are contemplating the installa-
tion of a 2,200 kilowatt electric plant at what
is known as the Allan Shaft in Stellarton. to
be used in driving their machinery and for gen-
eral lifting purposes. Should the plan mature
this will prove the largest electric plant east
of Halifax.

ST. THOMAS.— The tender of the Canadian
General Electric Co. for supplying new trans-
formers and purchasing 132 old ones for the
local hydro-electric distributing plant was ac-
cepted, it being the most favorable of three
others. The amount involved is about $15,000.

TORT CREDIT.— William Stewart has secured
the contract for the erection of the transformer
station of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission.
The contract price is $14,000.

OTTAWA. — The civic commission has awarded
the following contracts for the new conduit
from the power station in Hull to the distri-
buting station on Lanrier Avenue : For trans-
formers. Canadian General Electric Co.. $12,000 :
cable, British Insulated Cable Co., Montreal, $16.-
246 : conduit pipe, Eadie-Douglas Co.. $2,704; man-
hole covers, J. B. Maclaren. Ottawa. 2} cents
per pound for cast iron, and $35 per ton for
rails.

BERLIN.— The formal test at the Hydro-Elec-
tric Commission's transformer station made re-
cently was satisfactory. The town is the
first in Canada to have its streets il-
lumined with electric power generated
at Niagara Falls and conveyed over the mu-
nicipality owned and operated transmission lines.
The power comes here at from 110,000 to 130,000
volts to the transformer station, where it is
stepped down to 13,200 volts, to the town's plant
where it is again transformed to suit local con-
ditions—550 volts for street railway purposes
and 500 for the street arc lights.

MONTREAL.— A second power station of the
Shawinigan Water and Power Co. will be si-
tuated near the present generating plant at
Shawinigan Falls, on the St. Maurice river,
about 85 miles from Montreal, and will be de-
signed for a capacity of 75,000 horsepower, as
against 55,000 horse power in the case of the ex-
isting station. The company's transmission lines,
which are of aluminum carried on wooden poles,
exceed a total of 400 miles. For transmission
to Montreal the current, which is generated at
2.200 volts, is transformed up to 50.000 volts :
3.000 horsepower is supplied to the Montreal
Street railways, and 15.000 horsepower to the
Montreal Light. Heat and Power Co. The Sha-
winigan company supply 25,000 horsepower of
water power — undeveloped— to the Northern Alu-
minium Co.. and 14,000 horsepower of water
power to the Belgo-Canadian Pulp and Paper
Co.

JOHN J. GARTSHORE

83 Front 8t. W.. Toronto

RAM Q and SUPPLIES

It /A I L.O New ind Second-htnd
For RAILWAY8, TRAMWAY8, Etc.
Old Material Bought and Sold.

OPAL GLASS TILING

FOR WALLS OP

MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES

.loet approved material.
TORONTO PLATE CLASS IMPORTING CO'Y

rLAIB AMD WINDOW SLAM

I3B to 149 Vlotorla St.. - Toronto

Oil Tempered

Steel

Springs

— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.

—Special styles of
all kinds to order.

THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRING CO.

Cleveland, Ohio.

STEELCRETE

EXPANDED METAL

REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and R00F8.

The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.

WRITE FOR HAND BOOK AND SAMPLES

Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.

Expanded Metal & Fireproofing Go,, Limited

100 King Street West. TORONTO

CANADIAN MACHINERY

57

New Companies.

British Columbia Portland Cement Co., Prince-
ton, B.C. ; capital. $500,009 ; to manufacture ce-
ment. Incorporators. R. P. McLennan, Van-
couver ; L. W. Shatford, Hedley, and Reuben
Cross, Spokane. Wash.

The DorcheBter Peat Co., London ; capital,
$75,000 : to manufacture peat fuel. Incorporat-
ors, John McWilliams, J. M. McEvoy, London,
and Jas. McLean, Dorchester.

The Dominion Stove and Foundry Co.. Pene-
tanguishent : capital, $250,000 ; to establish a
foundry for manufacturing 3toves of every de-
scription, furnaces, boilers and other heating ap-
paratus. Incorporation has been granted by the
Ontario Government. The provisional directors
are Chas. Beck, D. A. Lahey, C. E. Wright,
Chas. McGibbon and Dr. P. A. McDonald, all of
Penetang.

Edward Partington Pulp and Paper Co., St.
John : capital, $950,000. The company will con-
trol the A. Cushing and company sawmills as
well as the present large pulp mill.

Canadian Materials Co., Montreal ; capital.
$50,000, to manufacture railway supplies and
general supplies of every class. Incorporators.
Pearl Robert Diamond, Thomas Allen Hays.

The Modern Power Co., Winnipeg : capital $25.-
000. Directors. William Lloyd Williams, and
Victor Clark Parker, both of Winnipeg.

Winnipeg Steel Culvert Co.. Winnipeg ;, capital.
$60,000. Directors, Percy S. Joel. Cecil L. Ha-
milton, and Roy T. Picard.

The Ivel Motor Co., Winnipeg : capital $300,-
000. Incorporators, James S. Stewart and Ed-
mund L. Taylor.

Canadian Railway Materials Co.. Montreal ;
capital $50,000. Incorporators. Pearl R. Diamond.
Wm. P. Robertson and Darley Burley-Smith, all
of Montreal.

Montreal Hydro-Electric Co., Ltd., Montreal :
capital, $10,000,000 ; to carry on the business of
■a electric light, heat and power company in
all its branches.

Wilson Auto Co., Ltd., Montreal, capital, $50.-
000 ; to manufacture steam and other engines,
agricultural implements, boiler makers, and con-
veyances of every description, iron founders,
dectro platers. Incorporators, Louis Anthanase,
and Henry Johnson Elliott.

Building Operations.

MONTREAL.— Canada Sugar Refining Co., a
factory on St. Patrick Street, $18,000 : Piper
Light & Heat Co.. an establishment on St.
Remi Street, St. Henri, $18,000. and Jas. Ro-
bertson, a factory on Shannon Street, $5,500,
arc industrial permits granted recently.

TORONTO— Ideal Woman's Wear Co., alter-
ations to factory. 662 aad 664 King Street W.,
$15,001', and the Robert Simpson Co.. wagon,
storage and harness shop. Dalhousie Street. $53.-
000, are recent factory permits granted.

MONTREAL.— The Canadian Rubber Co. will
erect a five-storey steel and concrete building as
an addition to their plant.

MONTREAL.— The Catholic School Board have
taken out a permit for the erection of - a new
school on Visitation Street, to cost $105,000.

CALGARY.— $61,000 will be spent for new ex-
hibition buildings.

SASKATOON.— The proposed hospital exten-
sions will cost about $108,000.

LETHBRIDGE.— The ratepayers passed a by-
law to spend $75,000 to build another new
school.

SUMAS, B.C. — A large brewing company is
soon to commence the erection of a $150,000
brewery.

HALIFAX.— The Halifax Cold Storage Co.
have awarded a contract for erection of a new
warehouse building on Lower Water Street, to
L. B. Fader, and H. R. Silver & Co. They are
also having a storehouse erected on Upper Wa-
ter Street.

Castings

TOUGH, STRONG, GREY
IRON CASTINGS, EASILY
MACHINED.

Any size up to ten tons

Wm. Hamilton Co., Ltd.

PETERBORO, ONT.

Russell Machine Co.

MACHINE TOOL

AND

DIE MAKERS

First-class Workmanship
Prices Right

Estimates Furnished to the Trade

Russell Machine Co.

St. Catharines, Ont.

In making Pipe connections always use

Dart Unions

No packing required. As shown in the cut, the two sections
of a Dart Union are brought together in the form of a ball
joint. Each section is bronze seated. So that Dart Unions
make a Bronze-to-Bronze Ball Joint that simply cannot leak.
Joints can be made with great speed, even if pipes are out of
alignment.

YOUR DEALER SHOULD
SELL THEM. ASK HIM.

Dart Union Co., Limited

93-97 Niagara Street, TORONTO, ONT.

BRUCE PEEBLES' Standard Protected Type
La Cour Converter* A.C. and D.C. Motors and Dynamos

Turbo Generators

eJ. V.n,. VANDELEUR&NICHOLS ?iSToBNildTi15

68

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ALUMINIUM

The 20th Century Metal"

You can

now get your Al

uminium requirements

promptly attended to by our clients,

The British Aluminium Co., Limited, of

London, the largest producers
in the United Kingdom.

Sole Agents for Canada : Parke &
Leith, 205 Yonge ,1 ' -eet (Bank of
Toronto Building) - - - Toronto.

Lightest and most adaptable of the industrials

metals. Fills a hundred purposes where

the ordinary metals fail. Saves it

cost over and over again by

its lightness and easy

working qualities

INGOTS, BARS,
SHEETS, RODS,
ANGLES,ALLOYS,
NOTCHED BARS,
CORNICES, WIRE,
CHANNELS, ETC.

To-day get Bul-
letin "D" on the
varied uses of
ALUMINIUM
(Parke & Leith)

JESSOP'S

Best Tool Steel

"ARK" High-Speed Steel

THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STEEL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOP'S HIGH-GRADE FILES AND RASPS.

80 Bay St., Toronto, Ontaiio

Otaas. L. Bailey, Agent.

Beid-Newioundland Company

St. John's, Newfoundland

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.
Montreal, Quebec
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd ,
St. John, New Brunswick

WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

LUBRICATION AND SUPERHEAT

The greater use of superheated steam is making modern
lubrication more difficult. You no doubt realize this yourself. In
the event of trouble, however, we want to suggest to you

DIXON'S FLAKE GRAPHITE

which, unlike oil or grease, is entirely unaffected by any degree
of superheat.

Engineers from all over the country write and tell us that
Dixon's Flake Graphite solves their lubrication troubles experi-
enced with superheated steam.

We would be glad to send you free trial sample by No., 223-C.

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.

JERSEY CITY, N.J.

CALGARY.— The excavation for the new $100.-
000 I.O.O.F. building, has been commenced.

TORONTO.— The Nasmith Co.. will erect a two-
Etorey factory here, to co.'.t $50,000.

WINNIPEG.— Stobart & Sons have secured- a
permit to erect a factory to cost $45,000.

BROCKVII.I.E.— The Canada Carriage Co. is
erecting a building at B cost of $10,000, for the
manufacture of automobiles.

MONTREAL— Missis. .las. Robertson & Co.,
ure erecting a factory building on Shannon St.

MONTREAL.— Messrs. H. L. Piper & Co.. are
erecting a three storey factory building on St.
Remi Street.

NEW WESTMINSTER.— The B. C. Packers'
Association of Vancouver, are contemplating the
erection of a $40,000 addition to their plant here.

Planing Mill News.

ALBERNI, B.C. — The recently formed merger of
four of the largest lumber companies in this
province, known as the Canadian Pacific Lum-
ber Co. (capital, $5,000,000), it is stated, will
erect at New Alberni a large mill upon the com-
pK'tion of the E. & N. Railway extension from
Nanaimo. The following companies are included:
Canadian Pacific Lumber Co., of Port Moody,
the Barkley Sound Cedar Co.. of Port Alberni.
the Anglo-American Lumber Co., Vancouver, and
the Gibbons Lumber Mills, Arrow Lakes.

MONTREAL.— Fire broke out in the planing
mills of H. Mathieu & Co.. 14 St. Charles Bor-
roinee Street, recently. The loss was not heavy.

OWEN SOUND.— The McDonald-Rowland Lum-
ber Co. have recently purchased the sawmill and
equipment in the town of Gore Bay. Manitoulin
Island, formerly owned by Mr. Brett.

ST. JOHN, N.B.— The Cushing sawmill pro-
perty has been purchased- by the Edward Par-
tington Pulp & Paper Co. H. W. Schofield is
secretary-treasurer of the purchasing concern.
The mill will be used in connection with their
pulp manufacturing business.

MONTREAL.— Hodgson's Lumber Mill and 400,-
000 feet of lumber were burned at Como on the
Ottawa River yesterday, causing a loss of $50,-
000, with only $20,000 insurance.

VANCOUVER.— An important timber deal is
reported from Prince Rupert, the vendor being
A. F. Sutherland, of Vancouver, who has sold
to a syndicate of British and Canadian capital-
ists headed by W. Gamble, barrister, of Ottawa,
ninety-three timber limits for $490,000. The. tim-
ber is on the Naas and Kitsumkalum rivers, and
is said to be of excellent quality, comprising
red cedar, spruce, larch and pine of high grade.
It is presumed that the new company intends to
take advantage of the opening up of Northern
British Columbia, by erecting a sawmill in the
vicinity of Prince Rupert.

POWELL RIVER. B.C.— M. J. Scanlan. of the
Brooks-Scanlon Lumber Co., of Minneapolis,
states that the plant of the Powell River Paper
Co., at Powell River, will be completed, and in
operation by July 1 next. Invested in the enter-
prise will be about two million dollars, and the
payroll of the company will be about $500,000
per year. The buildings arc being made of re-
inforced concrete, and about one thousand men
are engaged in construction work at the present
time. Newspaper and wrapping paper will be
the first products of the company, but later the
finest grades for commercial use will be pro-
duced. The market of the company will be in
the Orient, Australia, New Zealand and along
the Pacific Coast of this continent.

TRENTON.— The cooperage mills here were de-
stroyed by fire on the 8th inst. Loss, $15,000.

COMO, QUE.— Hodgson's lumber mill and 400.-
000 feet of lumber were destroyed by fire on the
14th inst. Loss, $50,000.

GRANBY, QUE.— The sash and door factory
owned by M. Bruneau was destroyed by fire on
the 18th inst. Loss about $50,000.

NEW WESTMINSTER.— The Walsh Sash &.
Door Factory arc planning the erection of a
large factory, with a capacity of 1,000 feet per •

CANADIAN MACHINERY

69

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

16 Sheppard St., Toronto

Mt™. of SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patents Perfected
GEAR CUTTING, TOOL8, DIES, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PARMENTEB BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.

Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Escutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED

OWEN SOUND, ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kind*, Grey

Iron and Brass Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

^ALL KINDS-"-

Difficult Core Work a Specialty

High Grade • Right Prices ■ Prompt Delivery

SAT/S^ACTO/ir WOFtK GUARANT££D

THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS

258 CATHERINE STREET NORTH

HAMILTON .ONT

FOR

Tall kinds of machine'

work. made in

WOOD. BRA55

'WHITE METAL OR IRON

by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics

Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.

TORONTO PATTERN W0RK5
87 JarvisSt.TororctoXanadcx

When writing advertisers kindly men-
ion having seen the advertisement in
this paper.

day. A small sawmill will be operated in con-
nection.

AYLMER. P. Q.— Bailey's lumber mill was de-
stroyed by fire last month at a loss of $10,000.
The cause of the fire is attributed to incendia-
rism.

BLACKVILLE, N.B.— McLaggan Bros.- sawmill
was destroyed by fire last month. The mill was
equipped with rotary, shingle and lath machines,
and the loss is estimated at about $10,000', with
no insurance.

GRACEFIELD. T\Q.— Messrs. Campbell &
Stearns have purchased the limit belonging to
Charles Lowe, and have started building oper-
ations on a sawmill at that town, which will
cost in the neighborhood of >35,000.

WOODSTOCK.-The Canadian Lumberman Ma-
chine Co.. a branch of an industry established
at Muskegon, Mich., capitalized at $105,000, has
decided to locate here. It will manufacture
dovetail, glue and jointing machines for making
scrap ends of lumber into full-sized boards. The
machines cost about $4,000 each.

SAULT STE. MARIE.— Recent incorporations
include the Stone Lumber Co.. Limited, with a
capital of $100,000. The incorporators include
John A. McPhail and S. G. Stone, both of
Sault Ste. Marie. Ont.

FORT FRANCES.— The Fort Frances Lumber
Company's sawmill, together with three cars of
lumber, was destroyed by fire last month at an
estimated loss of $60,000. The fire is attributed
to a spark from a locomotive.

BERTHIER, QUE.-Fire caused $30,000 loss to
Mr. .1. D. Chenard's saw mills.

Trade Notes.

HAMILTON'.— The London Machine Tool Co..
Hamilton, have received the following orders for
the Western Drydock Co. : 5-60" punch. 2-48"
shears. 1-60" x 60" planer and 1-18' x 10" lathe.
all motor driven.

GALT.— The Goldie-McCulloch. Co. report the
following large order for t*»e new .''1 ringfield
shoes of the G.T.P.. at Winnipeg :— 3-750 h.p.
cross compound Corliss engines, to be direct-con-
nected to 500 k.w. generators : 1-375 h.p. sirgle
cylinder Corliss to be direct-connected to 1-250
k.w. generator ; and 1-225 h.p. engine, to be
direct-connected to a 150 k.w. generator, all of
these to run at ISO r.p.m. For the 75 k.w. ex-
citers. 2-11 x 12 side crank Ideal engines are be-
ing supplied. In addition, they have an order
from the town of Weyburn. Sask.. for t'.e. rrw
municipal electric plant including 1-15 x 30 x 30
cross compound Corliss, to be direct-connected to
1-2^0 k.w. generator, and 10 and 17 x 15 con-
denser. In addition there is the piping end
steel smoke stack.

MONTREAL.— The British Insulated Cable Co.
have recently closed two verv large orders, cne
with the city of Ottawa and the other with the
City of Winnipeg, for the entire supply of trans-
mission cable in connection with their municipal
systems.

MONTREAL.— In the construction of the pew
Windsor Station it was necessary to provide for
the safe and ratiid transfer of both passengers
and bap-gage from floor to floor. As the build-
ing will be 200 ft. or more high and of im-
mense area, this meant the installation of a
large number of elevators, and the C.P.R. has
iust awarded the contract to the John Me-
Dougall Caledonian Tron Works, and thev will be
built in Montreal. Thev include e'Vht passenger.
two baggage and one kitchen or freight elevator
and constitute the largest single- elevator con-
tract evr awarded in Canada. These eleven ele-
vators will be of the hydraulic plunger type. In
the early history of the elevator business- it was
considered that plunger elevators, though highlv
desirable in many respects, were impracticable
for lofty buildings. The elevators were designed
by Thure Larsen. of Worcester. Mass.. formerly
chief engineer of the Plunger Elevator Co. and
afterwards of the Standard Plunger Elevator Co.

ONE MAN

can cut threads on 6-in. pipe with a

"BEAVER"

ADJUSTABLE DIE STOCK

No. 6. threading 1-4.3-8, 1-2, 3-4 in. complete.
No changing of Dies or Bushings.

No. 25B, 1 in. to 2 in.. R.H. complete.

No. 60, cuts 2lA, 3, i'A, 4, 45i 5, and 6 inch pipe

NOTE— That with the three tools
shown above you can thread from
1-4 in. to 6 in. pipe. No loose parts.

No. 41, cuts 2K, 3, 3% and 4 in. pipe.

a

"WARREN" DIE STOCK

(Non-receding dies- adjustable.)
Each stock cuts two sizes. Made in four sizes.

Prices $5.00, $5.50, $6.00 and $7.00.

THEY SAVE TIME AND MONEY
Write for our Illustrated List

Borden-Canadian Co.

Richmond St. East, Toronto, Ont.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

THE BEYER WATCHMAN'S PORTABLE
*~imiM| <ft CLOCK

IS TAMPER PROOF
and thoroughly reliable

Shall we send

Particulars?

G. C. BREDIN, Sales Agent

252 Dundas St. London, Canada

Record Dials lurnilhed (or all machinal.

'STAMPINGS 5

No matter how hard a stamping problem you
put up to us. the chances are we can satisfy
you. Many people use stampings in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.

The Silent Partner is an inter-
esting little magazine. We send
It free— when there's a reason

THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.

899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland. 0.

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Fcr general machinists* use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Oar catalogue shows many
styles and sizes and is sent
free. ;

The Gushman Chuck Go.

Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.

Established 1862

The John McDougall Caledonian Iron Works Co..
Limited, have made arrangements with Mr. Lar-
sen for the exclusive use of his patents and in-
ventions in Canada, and he is now at the Wind-
sor Hotel preparing plans.

DRUMMONDVILLE, P. Q — Joseph A. Gosselin
has received patent papers for a steam engine
slide valve through Marion & Marion, patent at-
torneys, Montreal.

HAMILTON.— The Smart-Turner Machine Co.,
Ltd.. report the following recent pump orders :
E. Long Mfg. Co.. Orillia : T. J. McCutcheon.
Dunnville ; James Cornhill. Chatham ; Randolph
McDonald Co., Norwood : Evans Co.. Sud.
bury : Monarch Knitting Co., Dunnville :, Mr.
Nairn, Bartonville, Ont. : St. Joseph's Con-
vent. Toronto ; Niagara Trand Spray Co.. Bur-
lington, Ont. ; Great Lakes Dredging Co., Port
Arthur ; Ontario Iron and Steel Co.. Welland ;
and S. C. Allen, Alliston, Ont. The pumps are
of various kinds.

MONTREAL.— The Jeffrey Mfg. Co.. office and
works, corner Cote and Lagauchetiere Streets,
Montreal, also having a Toronto office formerly
in the Dineen Bldg., 8 Temperance Street, has
removed the Toronto office to more commodious
quarters at 174 King Street East. Mr. H. W.
Scott, mechanical engineer, formerly connected
with the home office of this company in Colum-
bus, 0-. is now in charge of the Montreal office
and works. The Jeffrey Mfg. Co. are an old
established concern, making a specialty of ele-
vating and conveying apparatus for handling all
kinds of materials in lumber camps, mines,
quarries, as well as conveying apparatus for
handling materials from the docks, loading to
vessels. New machinery has been installed at
the Montreal works for more economical produc-
tion. This company also has nearly 100 branch
offices situated in the leading commercial cen-
tres all over the world.

POWELL RIVER.— The Powell River Paper
Co. have awarded a contract to the John Mc-
Dougall Caledonian Iron Works Co., Montreal,
for 11 Worthington Centrifugal pumps varying
in size from 3 inches to 12 inches at the dis-
charge outlet. Two of these pumps, each having
a capacity of 4,200 gallons per minute and driv-
en by electric motors, will carry ground wood
stock from the grinders to the screens. Two
others, having a capacity of 4,000 gallons per
minute each, and direct connected to water
wheels, will carry ground wood stock to deckers.
The remaining pumos will be used in connection
with bearers and digesters and for boiler feed
and general purposes. These 11 pumps will have
an aggregate capacity of 3l7i.OfXI.000 gallons daily,
which is nearly equal to that of the city of
Montreal water department, and will be built
in the works of the company on William St.
The Powell River Paper Co. is backed chiefly by
Minneapolis capitalists, and the mill is now be-
ing erected on the Powell River, a few miles
from Vancouver, B.C.

Standard Engineering Co. Secure Large
Contract.

The Provincial Steel Co.. Cobonrg, ■ are making
considerable enlargements to their rail mill and
will install a new rail mill and a continuous
steel heating furnace with a daily capacity of
100 tonB of rails and other shapes. The con-
tract for this equipment has been placed with
the Standard Engineering Co.. 47 Wellington St.
East, Toronto.

Large New Cedar Mill.

The Western Canadian Lumber Co. is starting
to erect a new mill exclusively for cedar, just
east of its present big plant at Millside, New
Westminster. This large company, which has re-
cently been formed, has at its head such well-

known financial men as Col. Davidson. A. D.
McRae, Wm. Mackenzie, D. D. Mann and Edward
Swift. The new plant will cost about $300,000.
and will have a capacity of 75.000 feet every ten
hours. The planing mill, which is part of the
new project, will have a capacity of 1,000 doors
per day. Three hundred new hands will be em-
ployed, and it is expected that the planing mill
and sash and door factory will be in operation
within three months, and the cedar mill will be
ready early next season.

Large Industry for Welland.

Negotiations have been concluded by which a
million-dollar plant will be erected at Welland
to employ 1,500 hands, by Deere & Co., Moline,
Hi. The products of the Welland factories will
be harvesters, waggons, plows, carriages,
grain drills, harrows, disc harrows and other
articles. The company will be granted no bonus,
but have been promised a few concessions in re-
spect to electric street railway, water, drainage,
water service, etc. The capital of the company
is $40,000,000. Their plant at Moline is the larg-
est of its kind in the world, employing 7,000
hands and shipping 50,0001 carloads of maohinery
yearly.

Activity at Port Mann, B. C.

The officials of the C.N.R. are busy marking
the boundaries of their new terminal townsite.
Port Mann, on the Fraser River, opposite New
Westminster. A wharf is to be constructed im-
mediately where material for railway construc-
tion can be unloaded. The officials of the rail-
way state that it is the intention of the com-
pany to offer every inducement to manufac-
turers, elevators and industrial enterprises gen-
erally, to locate at this point.

A UNIQUE OFFER !

We have not the slightest doubt
in our own minds about the sup-
eriority of the

Imperial Chuck

and to introduce it to your shop,
we are prepared to send you one
— all charges paid — which you can
use for 30 days. If it does not do
all we claim for it, send it back AT
OUR EXPENSE. But we know
no test is too severe for the IMPER-
IAL CHUCK. Made in Canada.

SEND FOR CATALOGUE TODAY

Ker & Goodwin

Brantford, Canada

CANADIAN MACHINERY

7*

Expect to Install
Elevators ?

Jeffrey Bucket El-
evators can be adapted
to meet all practical
conditions. They are
the most dependable
elevators built for
handling coal, stone,
ores, gravel, etc. They
are moderate in first
cost and require less
for up-keep than any
other elevator made.

Write for Catalog VSr and state
your requirements.

The Jeffrey Mfg. Co.

Montreal Office and Works : Cor. Cote & L«<anchetiereSt.

Toronto Office : 174 King Street East
Main Office and Works : Columbus. Ohio.

Branch offices in all the leading commercial centres of the world.

BROWNING

Locomotive Cranes
Wrecking Cranes
Lifting Magnets
Automatic Buckets

Browning Double Truck Locomotive Crane
with Lift Magnet unloading scrap iron from
gondola car. We make complete installation
of this kind. The cranes are also fitted to
use an Automatic Buchet Steam Shovel, and
Pile Driver attachments.

Write us for full particulars.

The Browning Engineering Co.
Cleveland, : : Ohio

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09

NEW AND UP-TO-DATE

BOLT AND NUT MACHINERY

IH0LDDIK8

Bolt Cutters, Nut Tappers, Bolt Headers, Upsetting and forging
Machines, Wire Nail and Spike Machines and Bulldozers.

NATIONAL MACHINERY CO.; Tiffin. Ohio, U.S.A.

Canadian Aaents : H. W. RETRIE, Toronto, Ont. WILLIAMS A WILSON, Montreal, Qua.

High Grade Malleable Castings

of all sizes and kinds

Gait Malleable Iron Co., Limited - Gait, Ontario

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Special Taps

Special Dies

Special Reamers

Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.

Wehave the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.

A.B.JARDINE&CO.

HESPELER, ONT.

BENCH

POWER PRESS

esign

Particularly adapted for small, quick
work, to take place of foot presses.

Write for Prices.

W. H. Banfield & Sons

MACHINISTS, DIE AND TOOL MAKERS

120 Adelaide Street Weil
TORONTO - - - CANADA

"GLOBE" TIME RECORDERS

are made in Canada by expert mechanics. They are accurate,
simple in construction, strong, and of good chaste appearance.
They will record with absolute accuracy the arrival and de-
parture of your employees (TO THE MINUTE), making you
pay for what you get and no more. All lates and short time
marked in red, regular time in green. The small cut at the
top illustrates the WEEKLY MODEL, an entirely automatic
recorder requiring no attention whatever during the week,
as all changes, etc., occur automatically (DONE BY CLOCK
WORK). The DAILY MODEL is shown in the cut at the
bottom. This recorder is being used mostly in large shops,
etc., where a large number of hands are employed. With the
•'GLOBE" TIME RE-
CORDERS only one oper-
ation is required as
against five with most
othen.

Inspection may be made
through the glass sides of
the case, but tampering
with records is impossible,
no danger of having
soiled, torn or lost records
when same arc unfavor-
able, as Is the case with all CARD CLOCKS. We are now
manufacturing over 224 DIFFERENT TIME RECORD-
ING CLOCKS, and arc in a position to meet the require-
ments of any business. Write usabout your needs and let
us suggest what will best meet with your requirements.
WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRY.

W. A. WOOD, Manufacturer

Head Office end Factory : 40 St. George St., Montreal

Branch Offices :

19 Bleury St., Montreal 65-67 Victoria St.. Toronto

FILING CATALOGUES.

The article on "Filing Catalogues to
Secure the Greatest Benefit," in the
Business Management department of the
September issue, was written for Can-
adian Machinery by Adam Smith, of the
Office Specialty Co., Toronto, a special-
ist in iactory filing systems.

LONDON MACHINE TOOL CO. EN-
LARGING

The London Machine' Tool Co., Ham-
ilton, have decided to increase the eap-
acity of their plant by the installation
of a number of special machines. Among
the new machines, orders have been
placed for special and standard high
grade tools for the manufacture of in-
terchangeable parts on standard mach-
ine tools. In connection with the ex-
tensions, the services of C. H. Over-
kamp, formerly of the Triumph Mfg.
Co.. and American Tool Works, have
been secured as works manager.

Mr. Overkamp is familiar with the
Canadian field. Recently he visited the
works of the London Machine Tool Co.,
Hamilton, and was so impressed with
prospects for business in Canada that
he decided to throw in his lot with the
above company. He is confident that
Canada has a great future before it, and
predicts that Canadian tool builders will,
in the near future specialize in certain
lines of manufacture.

C. H. Anderson, for the past five years
with the Hans Renold Co. has joined the
staff of John Millen & Sons. Montreal.
to look after their sales for the Coventry
Chain Co.

John W. Gerell, manager of the Tor-
onto shipyards, which have been bought
by the Poison Iron Works, Toronto, has
accepted the position of manager of the
Poison Iron Works.

Charles F, Kenworthy. until recently
with the Engineering Department of the
American Brass Co., and formerly of the
Kenworthy Engineering Co., has been
engaged by the Rockwell Furnace Co.. to
represent them in the New England
States and Canada. Mr. Kenworthy has
devoted his entire time for the pasl
eighteen years to the design and con-
struction of furnaces and fuel appara-
tus, and brings with him a large ac-
quaintance among the builders and users
of this line.

The British government has appointed
Leonard P. Morgan, assistant smelter
and refiner of the United States mint at
Philadelphia to take charge of the new
refinery at the Ottawa branch of the
royal mint. Mr. Morgan must become a
British subject.

Fig. 1.— No. 1 of Panoramic View Showing Store Room.

,«"*«,

til ■■ ■# 11 li

Fig. 2. — Xo. 2 of a Panoramic View Showing East End Stores with
Pattern and Car Shops in Background.

Mammoth Railway Shops of the Grand Trunk Pacific

Buildings to House Car Construction, and Locomotive Repair Equipment Nearing
Completion — Layout of Plant, the Floor Space of which is Seventeen Acres.

By L. C. Harkness.

THK mammoth railway shops of the
Transeona, about four miles from
(J. T. I\, which are located at
Winnipeg, are rapidly nearing1 comple-
tion. The first concrete was poured on
.Inly 1-4. 190(1. and since that date, about
500 men including foremen, iron work-
ers, concrete workers, and carpenters
have been working on the elaborate de-
tails of the plans. The railway has ac-
quired a piece of territory one half mile
wide, and two miles long, on which the
shops are being erected, and the total
floor space of the shops which are al-
ready planned will total seventeen
aereB.

The entire construction is designed to
care for the general repair of 1,800 miles
of railway. Neither locomotives or cars
will be built at Transeona, but the equip-
ment will be such as to make it possible
to manufacture certain parts. This will
mean that the shops will be a very im-
portant industrial centre, and it is for
this reason that the buildings are all
planned on a large scale and with pro-
vision for. 100 per cent, extension, :f
necessary. The structural material also

is of the very best available, and has
been erected with the greatest care pos-
sible to ensure a long period of perma-
nent service. AVith the exception of
these buildings, namely, the storehouse,
oilhouse, and stores platform, all build-
ings are of steel construction, with self-
supporting steel frames, concrete foun-
dations, and concrete walls up to the
windows; the super-structural masonry
being of brick. The buildings mentioned
are altogether of re-inforeed concrete
and brick construction. The equipment
and power used in all the shops will also
be the most complete and efficient that
can be secured and when the whole L
completed one of the greatest machine
shops on the Continent will be in opera-
tion.

Buildings.

The total number of buildings in the
shojys is eighteen and the names with
dimensions are as follows:

Locomotive, machine and erecting shop,
170 x 612 feet x 47 feet high. Boiler
tank shop, 185 x 210 feet x 47 feet high.
Stores and scrap shop, 40 x 220 feet, x
47 feet high. Forge shop. 100 x 260

feet, x 47 feet high. Grey iron foundry,
130 x 200 feet, x 47 feet high. Power
house, 110 x 150, x 49 feet high. Clean-
ing room, 48 x 80 feet, x 25 feet high.
Locomotive carpenter and pattern shop,
70 x 100 x 42 feet high. Stores, 60 x
200, x 18 feet high. Wheel foundry,
92 x 135 feet. Engine house, 170 feet
radius, 1,068 feet circumference. Freight
car shop, 200 x 600 feet. Paint shop.
100 x 325 feet. Coach shop, 125 x 250
feet. Planing mill, 100 by 300 fed;.
Lumber shop, 60 x 115 feet. Dry kiln.
40 x 50 feet.

Departments.
The entire plant is divided into three
departments namely, locomotive shops,
car shops, and the power house. These
are not given distinct locations, but are.
built according to the convenience of
power distribution, and trackage facili-
ties. To this end the general plan of
the shops is systematically arranged on
either side of the spacious midway which
runs north and south across the entire
property. The various buildings are
served by a series of standard gauge
service tracks branching off from the

Fig. 3.— No. :i of Panoramic View Showing Locomotive and Machine shop.

Fig. 4. — Steel Frame of Locomotive Shop.

M

CANADIAN MACHINERY

y ;i ill hacks al the soulls and the eom-
luuniiaik'M between the buildings is ob-
lained by narrow gauge tracks, and an
overhead travelling crane which runs
the full length of the midway.

Illumination.

The interior illumination will be pro-
vided by Oooper-Hewett lamps and <.U
ibe buildings will be heated by direct
and indirect radiators installed by Cot-
ter Bros.. Winnipeg. High and low
pressure -teams, water, compressed air.
and drinking water will be throughout
the various buildings with numerous
outlets. Oil will be distributed under
pressure from the storage tanks to the
furnaces in the boiler shop, while an
accumulator provides pressure for oper-
ating the various hydraulic machine-.
The electric travelling cranes through-

G.T.P. Power House Where 4.0.10 II .P. i
erated and Chimney 200 ft. High.

Gen-

out the plant are equipped with alter-
nating current motors and are operated
directly from the three-phase circuits.
A wide wooden floor spiked to sleepers

The Roundhouse in Connection with G.T.I'. Shops.

bedded in bituminous concrete is used
in me st of the shops.

Locomotive Shop.

The locomotive, machine and erecting
shops consist of three bays each 612 ft.
long and respectively 70, 00 and 40 ft.
wide. The 70 ft. bay is designed for
2-5 engine pits. Spanning the 70 ft. bay
is a 120-ton crane for handling locomo-
tives and under it is a 10-ton crane for
general work. Two 10-ton cranes span
the 60 ft. bay in which will be installed
the heavy machine tools and also the
flue department.

The lighter machines will be installed
in the 40 ft. bay where the work on
bolts, side rods, links, etc., will be ac-
complished. At the east end is. the rivet-
ting tower served by a twenty-ton
crane. Overhead in the 40 ft. bay is a
balcony running the whole length of the
bay on which are located the heating
equipment, • lockiers, brass department,
etc.

The boiler shop is laid out in four
departments, which are equipped re-
spectively with a 20, 30, 10 and 5-ton
electric travelling cranes. The 10-ton
crane is in a 50 foot bay devoted to
heavy machinery which is driven by both
individual and group motors. In the
forge shop the machinery is all driven
by three 40 H.P. motors carried on wail

brackets. A motor driven blower fur-
nishes the necessary blast for the fur-
s through underground and over-
head piping. The steam to the hammers
and exhaust return the oil, and hydraul-
ic piping are earned in concrete duets
through the shop and to the various ma-
chines. The spring department is in one
end of the forge shop and handles the
spring work for both cars and Locomo-
tives.

The frog and track shop is designed
to handle repairs for all frogs, switches
and interlocking plants. It is spanned
by a 10-ton crane, and is equipped with
saws, light hammers, drills, planes, etc.,
also two groups of small machines
driven from line shafts for the lighter
rod and bolt work.

The Foundry.

The Grey Iron Foundry which will
supply both the locomotives and car de-
partments, is 130 ft. x 200 ft. with a
cleaning room annex 60 ft. x 80 ft. and
is equipped with five cranes of various
capacities. There is also a 5-ton auxili-
ary hoist for handling light material,
and several small job cranes for hand-
ling flasks. The scale room for weigh-
ing charges is in this shop, and loaded
cars after weighing are taken by a pneu-
matic elevator to the charging room,
where they are handled by pneumatic
charging machines. The charging floor
is of steel plate with a transfer table
and storage tracks. In addition to other
ordinary machinery in this building,

Plan of the G.T.P. Ry Shops and Yards, Transcona.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

35

there will be a brake-shoe, and a gravity
molding machine installed on I lie mold-
Boor.

On the south side of Ihe building is
the brass found ry equipped with brass
furnaces. There is an equipment of
tumplers, grinders, etc., in the annex to
the main building'.

Car Department.

In the ear department the coach re-
pair shop is the largest building, having
accommodation for twelve standard
coaches and a 16 foot balcony extends
along both sides. The north balcony is
devoted to cabinet work and is equipped
with light tools such as scroll and band
saws, lathes, drills, etc., all being drive, 1
from a line shaft. The south balcony is
devoted to upholstering, transmiting and
finishing and is equipped with a small
brass shop, containing lathes, planes,
drills, tow bulling machines and a lac-
quer oven. On the main floor is the
wood working machine and nickel de-
partment.

The freight car shops are also largo
and can accommodate 108 freight cars.

material can be run in and unloaded at
l lie machines. One side of the building
is devoted bo mill work and the machines
arc to be managed so that the material
goes through without doubling back.

The wheel foundry is laid out on the
straight line floor principle with four
Hours of 25 wheels each, giving a capa-
city of 100 wheels a per day. The wheel
and machine shop proper is equipped
with a 10-ton crane, wheel boring mills,
axle lathes, wheel press, wheel lathes,
and tire furnaces for the wheel Work,
and for ear shop machine work there
will be arch bar drills, lathes, planes,
drills, grinders, etc.

Power House.

The power house is equipped with ten
water tube boilers in units of about 400

generators one driven by a simple en-
gine, I lie other by a motor. There are
I wo exciter units driven by a simple
engine, and a 1,500 cu. I'l . capacity Cor-
Ii-s engine, driven by air compressor.

The details of the construction were
prepared under fhe supervision of Frank
A. Walker, M.I!., who is also supervis-
ing the entire construction. The gen-
eral constructors are llanley, Quinlan
and Robertson. The steel construction
was in charge of P. T. Farelly, most of
I lie si i el being secured from the Mani-
toba Bridge and Iron Co., Winnipeg.
The total cost of the construction and
equipment of the shop in the neighbor-
hood of $3,000,000, and when in opera-
lion will employ about 3,000 men. It is
expected that the entire plant will be

G.T.P. Shops, Transcona. Near Winnipeg.

A 20-ton crane 65 feet long at a height h.p. each. There are three. 500 k.w. ready for operation by May 1, 1011, al

of 30 feet handles the heavy material !u a.c. generators, driven by direct con- any rate the railway construction work

Ibis building. The large crane is also necfed cross compound Corliss engines, and transportation will have progressed

eqnipped with a 5-ton auxiliary. The one 250 k.w., a.c. generator driven by to such an extent as to require the use

planing mill is placed so that ears of a simple engine, and two 150 k.w., d.C. of the shops by that time.

36

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Mechanical Features of St. Andrew's Dam and Locks

First Structure of its Kind in the Western Hemisphere,
Employing Several Interesting Mechanisms in its Operation.

The St. Andrew's dan 1ms been erect-
ed at St. Andrew's Rapids on the Red
River. Manitoba. The structure retains
a head of 21 ft. and 800 ft. in length.

A feature of the dam is that it can be
put in place in the spring and removed
in the fall. The type of dam is known

after the gradual lowering of the head
of water. This is done by gradually
rolling up the curtains.

Curtains.

The curtains each consist of 50 wood-
en laths 7 ft. 7 ins. x 3 ins. and a thick-

Copper links connect the laths and
are designed, and are machined with
great care. The copper is composed of
SS puts copper, 10 parts tin and 2 parts
zinc. The tensile strength of the links
is 20, (tot) His. pei' sq, in. The pins con-
necting the links are phosphor bronze
witli an ultimate tensile strength of
140,000 lbs.

The curtains have for their base a roll-
ing east iron shoe of the form of an
archirnedean spiral, and they are rolled

Andrew's Rapids Movable Dam Showing the Mechanical Features.

as the Camere Curtain Dam and is the
first to be constructed in the western
hemisphere. There are only two other
similar dams in the world, these being
operated by the French Government on
the Seine River, France.

At the St. Andrew's Rapids the Red
River is about 800 ft. across. At this
point heavy concrete piers have been
placed in the river 133 ft. 8 ins. centres.
Running between 1 hose piers and em-
bodied with them is a heavy concrete
submerged dam, extending 7 feet 0
inches above extreme low water, its top
providing a seat for the castings carry-
ing the foot of t he curtain frame girders.

The supporting framework of the dam
consists of a scries of steel truss bridges
resting on these piers, Fig. 1 shows the
normal position of the dam during the
summer months. Bach truss span sup-
ports 40 curtain frames and 15 sets of
curtains. At the end of the season of
navigation and before the ice forms.
both curtains and frames are removed,

ness of 1 21-32 to 3 5-32 ins. Lath No.
1 is designed to accommodate the cast-
ing carrying the links and attachments
for the supporting chains.

by means of a travelling windless. The
curtains have any lateral travel limited
by guides on the supporting frames.
The lock is situated at the west side

Fig. 2.— View o( Dam With Curtain Frames Unis.-d, Also Upper End of Look Chamber.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

37

of t lie Jam. Tlie lock chamber is 215
feet long between hollow quoins 45 feet
wide and with waits 34 feet in height
above the lower sill. The walls have i
total length of 290 feet, including' wing-
walls.

At the upper end the loch is lit ted
with a pair of gates 28 feet long and 37
leet high from bottom of gate to floor
of foot bridge. The lower gates are 28
feet long and 23 feet high from bottom
of gate to floor of foot bridge.

The tilling- and emptying valves are lo-
cated above and below each set of lock
gates and are automatic cylindrical val-
ves, adapted from the Fontaine cylin-
drical valve used in France. These val-
ves are of special interest inasmuch as
the working parts are not subject to
pressure due to head and the valve will

be therefore easy to manipulate under
the maximum head of 21 feet.

Machinery Equipment.

The control of the frames and curtains
by means of travelling- electric cranes,
operated from the service floor of the
bridge is the leading mechanical fea-
ture of the structure. There are four
steel tracks running the entire length or
the dam, on which may be run the
cranes, which control the frames, and
which may be used to effect necessary
i( pairs in the future.

Four cranes are employed for hoist-
ing the curtain frames. Two are each
equipped with a 20 h.p. and a 2 h.p.
C. G. E. motor. The two smaller cranes
are equipped with 10 h.p. motors but
are moved by hand. There are three
cranes for handling the curtains, each

equipped with a 2 h.p. motor. There
are also six travelling overhead cranes,
four 4-ton over the working floor of the
dam, one 2-ton in the repair shop and
one 2-ton crane in (he dynamo room.
Repair Shop.

The building is 90 ft. x 40 ft. and
houses the boiler and engine rooms. In
the boiler room is one C. Gr. E. boiler
with 735 sq. ft. heating surface and a
Champion forge. In the engine room is
a Kobb-Armstrong engine direct con-
nected to a 40 k.w., 250 volt., direct
current generator, one motor generator
set, 60 h.p. motor and 40 k.w. generator,
2.080 volts, and switchboard.

In the repair shop is a specially de-
designed saw for cutting laths, rip saw,
12 in. molder, planing a lath complete in
one operation, and one wood boring ma-
chine.

The Use and Advantages of Steel Balls in Machinery

The Increased Use of Steel Balls in Bearings has Resulted in the Elimination of
a Large Amount of Friction and the Consequent Saving of Power.

THE application of steel balls to
many different bearings is result-
ing in a great saving of power.
In order that the possible benefits may
be obtained the steel balls must be ab-
solutely alike. In their manufacture a
variation of one ten thousandth part of
an inch is sufficient to reject it. In the
man u fact lire of Hoffman steel balls a
Xewall measuring machine, Fig. 1, is
used in keeping gauges standard. In
gauging, the ball and gauge are immers-
ed in a thin oil, such as paraffin, and
are allowed to remain there until both
are the same temperature.

For light loads such as are met with
in cycle Construction, steel balls stand
well between conical cups and cones of
the usual type, but for the loads that
have to be carried in the usual run of
engineering and automobile work, it is
essential that the balls are supported 'n
races having two points of contract with
the ball only, which points of contact
must he directly in line with the load,
that is to say, for journal bearings ai
righl angles to the axis, and for thrusts
parallel with the axis. Where both jour-
nal and side thrust have to be provided
for. sep&rate rows id' halls should be pro-
vided. All hall races should be accurate-
ly gronnd and polished. Highly polish:- I
steel balls are extremely susceptible to
rust if exposed to a damp atmosphere
II is. therefore, id' great importance i
see that they are stored in a dry place,
are handled as little as possible in as-

sembling, and are thoroughly well greas-
ed as soon as they are put into the bear-
ing.

Fig. 2 shows a very good application
of hall journals and double thrust wash-
ers to a typical gear box. The short
driving shaft has, first of all, a journal
bearing with a parallel hole, slipped
on lo it, then the double thrust bearing,
which has previously been prop-
erly adjusted 'and locked upon
its sleeve,, then a small journal bearing-,
and the outer sleeve which is used lo
clamp the thrust bearing in position.

A nut screwed on the shaft at the end
then firmly clamps and locks all these
bearings in position. The propeller
shaft is mounted in a very similar way.
It, however, has a small journal bearing
at one end of it, which should be a tight
press fit on the shaft, and locked in
position by means of a screw in the ^nd
of the shaft, the head of which projects
over it. This bearing should be a slid-
ing fit in the enlarged end of the short
driving shaft.

The two shafts arc then dropped into
the bottom half of the gear box, the top

Fig. l.— Newell Measuring Machine,

38

CANADIAN MACHINERY

half put on, and the end caps, which
tarry leather dust washers, screwed
home, damping the centre races of the
double thrust washer in position against
the gear case. It is important to see
thai the faces of the gear case against
which the centre races of the double

touring cars, however, it is found suffic-
ient if two hardened steel plugs are in-
serted at each end of the gear case,
which abut against hardened steel plugs
in the end of the shaft. In both eases
the outer bull races should be a sliding
fit in the housing.

di^titiii^^

*-••-*

Fig. 2. — Application to Gear Bo.v of a Motor Car.

thrust bearings fit are perfectly true,
and at right angles to the axis of the
shaft. The countershaft is also shown
mounted with a double thrust washer.
This is an absolute necessity in the case
of heavy cars, such as motor 'busses,
lorries, etc., and in all commercial cars
"here the duty is high. For lighter

Thrust Bearings.

Fig. 3 shows the application of steel
balls to hanger for line shafting. Fig.
4 shows a single ball thrust bearing.
To prevent access of grit, dirt, and
moisture to the bearing, it has been
found the most suitable method is to
employ two leather dust wasbers side
by side, one turned inwards and the
Other outwards, the loose edges of which

only prevent dirt and moisture getting
into the bearings, but also help to retain
the grease in the bearing.

In cases such as a worm gear driving
a single acting pump, or where the load
is constantly being thrown on and off by
means of clutches, or varies in amount,
if only a single thrust bearing be used,
the spring in the framework and gear
when the load is released is generally
enough to allow the balls to get out of
contact with their races, and consequent-
ly permits them and their races to drop
slightly out of their true position of
concentricity and to be violently forced
home when the load comes on again.
This is very detrimental to single thrust
hearings, and they cannot be expect ed
to withstand such shocks and jars. By
the use of a double ball thrust bearing
the shaft is held firmly in both direc-
tions, and all sbocks and jars from the
above cause are prevented, not only it!
the ball bearing itself, but also in the
worm and other gear in connection there-
with. The life of the latter is therefore
very much increased, and a smooth run-
ning gear is the result. Where the end
thrust of a long screw, such as is used
in planing machines, or of a worm, has
to be taken in both directions, two single
thrust bearings, one at each end, should
not be used, as the variation in the
length of shaft, due to beating or other
causes, often puts an enormous overload
on the bearings, and when the shaft is
again at its normal length, admits of a
certain amount of slack, allowing shocks
and jars, which, for the reasons stated
are very detrimental.

Pig. 4.— Hoffman Single Ball Thrust Bearing.

Fig. 3.— Application to Hunger lor Line Shading.

rest upon the shaft. .V pjeee of Cell
butting against the shaft is not so good,
as it dues not give to the shaft as these
leather washers do. These washers not

Ball bearings have been successfully
applied to electrical machinery, machine
tools, pivots of cranes, turntables, fan*,
etc. They are used for carrying loads

CANADIAN MACHINERY

39

of from 1 to 500,000 lbs., and at speeds
from 1 revolution to 30,000 revolutions
per minute.

is aboul half as large again as the larg-
est diameter of the vertical portion of
the knuckle. The end of the bar is first

in the dies under the drop hammer. The
stock projects from C, and a | inch
Hash space till around the die allows for
the usual expansion. When roughed
down still further, forming a consider-
able Hash, it is hot-trimmed under B

Automobile Lamp Bracket.

Fig. 5. — Hoffman Double Ball Thrust Hearing.

The illustrations show applications of swaged under one side of the drop ham-

Hoffman Steel Balls, John Millen &
Son, 321 St. James St.. Montreal, being
the Canadian agents.

DROP FORGINGS.

The illustration shows two interesting
pieces of drop forging work, as done by
the Canada Cycle and Motor Co., West
Toronto, in t heir automobile factory.

Automobile Steering Knuckle.

Nothing of an intricate nature, such a.^
the front automobile axles, * which are
drop-forgings, is attempted, but merely
the smaller details, examples of which
are given herewith.

or the two pieces, the steering knuckle
ia the more interesting from its irregu-
lar shape. The stock bar is 2{ inches
rouod, heat-treated carbon steel, which

mer on a plain anvil, to conform approx-
imately to the axle taper and size. Suc-
ceeding this operation, the bar, thus
tapered and attenuated, is bent approxi-
mately right angles, in a roughly form-

couple of cast iron dies, cast to shape.
The forging is then completed under the
hammer in the dies. All this is done ai,
one heat.

The lamp bracket form a somewhat
different piece of work to produce. The
stock bar, which is If x 1, is first split
down the necessary distance to give the
two prongs, by first cutting, and then
bending the two arms away from each
other and perpendicularly to the larger

Application of Hoffman Double Hall Bearings to Worm Gear.

e.l die ai the side of the main die block.
This same die, which strikes from di-
rection A. forces the metal up to form
the top projection P>. so thai the stock is
roughly ia shape, and can next be placed

face of the Hal piece. The manner in
which the culling dies operate, leaves
the projecting arms in nearly the re-
quired shape. The piece, then put under

the dies, is formed as shown.

Speeds and Feeds for Gear Cutting; and Grinding Data

Useful Data on Rates of Feeds and Speeds for Cutting Steel and Cast Iron Gears —
Desirable Limits for Grinding, Shrinking, Forcing and Running Fits.

By Luther D. Burlingame. **

The data sheet, Fi;r. 1. gives data for
commercial work in cutting 16-pitch
cast-iron gears with ordinary carbon-
steel cutters, high-speed steel cutters,
and with and without nn air blast. The
gears cut when these records were made
are all gears ihat passed inspection ami
were put into use. The last gear of each
group cut hefore sharpening the cutter
was preserved, also samples of chips
from each cut.

It will be noted that the use of the
air blast adds materially to the rate of
production, as will be seen by compar-
ing the feed in inches per minute of Nos.
1 and 3, where a gain of nearly 70 per
cent, is made when using the air blast
with carbon cotters, and by comparing
Nos. 2 and 4, where a gain of 40 per
cent, is made when using the air blast
with high-speed cutters.

The high-speed steel cutters with the
air blast give an increase of production
of almost 4 to 1 over the carbon cutters
without the air blast. In cutting cast-

• Presented at joint meeting of British Insti-
tution and American Society of Mechanical En-
gineers.

" Chief draftsman. Brown & Sharps Manufac-
turing Co.

iron gears of coarser pitches t lie gain is
in about the same proportion. Even un-
der the fastest cuts the gear teeth show
surprisingly little tendency to break out
at the hack, although cut without being
supported.

Fig. 2 shows the matter of applying
the air blast. A Sturtevant blower was
used, the air being supplied from a tube

1 ! inches diameter at a pressure of
about 1J ounces per Square inch, this
being sufficient to cool the cutter and
kei p the chips cleared away.

Cutting Steel Gears.

The following records are of commer-
cial work done in the gear department
of the Brown & Sharp* Mfg. Co. In the
first example three finishing cutters were
used in a gang, finishing three teeth at
once. In the second, better results were
obtained by using a stocking and finish-
ing cutter together than by using two
finishing cutters. The data for these ex-
amples are as follows:

(a) Gears <if steel castings, 70,0ft.)
pounds tensile strength, 3 pitch, 5 inches
face, 07 teeth; cutter, 6 inches diameter,
If inches hole, 52 revolutions per min-
ute, 81 feet surface speed per minute.

2 9-1G inches feed per minute; feed.

0.049 inch per revolution of cutters.
The three cutters cut three gears in 67
minutes each, without sharpening the
cutters which were than in good condi-
tion and could have cut, several gears
more,

(b) Gears o£ steel eastings, very hard,
3 pitch, 5 inches face. 51 teeth; the cut-
lers, G inches diameter, Lj inches hole,
28.61 revo'utions per minute, 45 feet
surface speed per minute, 1 3-16 inches
teed per minute; feed. 0.U42 per revolu-
tion of cutters; cutting time, 5J hours.
Oil was used as a lubricant.

The roughing cutter used in the second
example was a new design of stepped
stocking cutter shown in Kg, 3.

Roughing Out Gear Teeth.
The following record was made with
the new design of stocking cutter in
roughing out gear teeth i

Gear blanks of machinery steel, G.V
000 pounds tensile strength, 4 J inches
diameter. G inches face; cutter, 3-pitch
stocking, .">] inches diameter. 11 inches
hole, 90 revolutions per minute, 124 feet
cutting speed per minute, 7 inches feed
per minute; feed. 0.078 inch per revolu-
tion of cutter. Cut 15 teeth. 0.740 inch
deep; total number of inches cut. 90.

>'ig. 2.— No. 3 Brown & Sharpe Automatic O.ir
Cutting Machine with Blower Attachment.

Fig. 3.— 12-in. Plant, Stepped Stocking Cutler,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

4i

Runkino Fits. Ordinary Speed

To i" diameter, inc
To 1" diameter, inc
To 2" diameter, inc
To 3 J" diameter, ine
To 6" diameter, inc

0 0002."> to 0.00075
0 ()007.'> to 0.0015
0 0015 to 0.0025
0.0025 toO 0035
0 003S toll. 005

Running Fits High Sfxed, Heavy Pbessire and Komi* Shafts.

To i" diameter, inc
To 1* diameter

To 2* diameter, inc
To 34" diameter, inc
To 6 diameter, inc

0 0005 tO 0 001

"i , :o 001 tO 0 002

"0 002 to 0.003

0 003 toO 0045
0.0045 to 0.0065

Sliding Fits.

To V diameter, inc ,■• g-gjg?5 {» g-gji*

To I" diameter, inc nam o 0 002

To 2" diameter, inc 0.001 oO.OOj

To 34* diameter, inc

To 6* diameter, inc

0.002
0.003

to 0.005

Standard Fits.

Standard to 0 00025
Standard to 0 0005
Standard to O.OOi

To i" diameter, inc.
To 1* diameter, inc.

tS £• d^rnlJer' inc '■ '■ '■ '■ Standard to 0.0015

10 -it diameter, inc •itanrfarrt tn o 002

To 6* diameter, inc Standard to o. W£

Driving Fits.

To Y diameter, inc % ■«»» to 0 .001

To 1' diameter, inc ggj to 0 002

To 2* diameter, inc.

To 34"
To 6"

diameter, inc
diameter, inc

0.002
0.003
0.004

to 0.003
to 0 . 004
to 0.005

Forcing Fits.

*/*=»&:■ ::::::::::■::::::::::::::::::: 8:88??{S8:88JS

To

diameter, inc

*«-,ftS22-&- 8:88? too:88e

To 34'
To 6"

diameter, inc.
diameter, inc

Driving Fits.

0 006 to 0 009

Small
Small
Small
Small
Small

Small
Small
Small
Small
Small

Small
Small
Small
Small
Small

Small
Small
Small
Small
Small

Large
Large
large
Large
Large

Large
large
Large
Large
large

For Such Pieces as Are Required to Be Readily Taken Apart.

Large

v i Standard to 0.00025

T°,.k SKE22-S2::: ::::::::::: '•• 000025 to o.ooos

0 . 0005 to 0 . 00075

. ... 0 00075 to 0.001
0 001 to 0 0015

To r

To 2"
To 34;
Toe-

diameter, inc.
diameter, inc
diameter, inc.
diameter, inc

Shrinking Fits.

For Hardened Shells i" Thick and Less.

0 . 00025 to 0 . 0005

TS.i'SSSSK :.. .: .::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::: gW .«

To 2"
To 34"
To 6"

0.0015

diameter, inc
diameter, inc

diameter, inc u.uu^

Having a Thickness of More Than i".

to 0.0015
to 0.002
to 0.003

Shrinking Fits. For Shells, etc..

To 4" diameter, inc.
To 1" diameter, inc
To 2' diameter, inc
To 34' diameter, inc
To 6" diameter, inc.

0 0005 too. 001
0.001 to 0.0025
0 0025 to 0.0035
0 0035 to 0.005
0.005 toO. 007 .

Grinding Limits for Holes.

t„ i» diameter inc Standard to 0.0005

To i' dSrnewJ' nc . Standard to 0.00075

£,!- aSK'Ss^: ::::.::: standard to o.ooi

Standard to 0.0015
Standard to 0 002

large
large
large
Large

Large
Targe
Large
large
Large

large
Large
Large
Large
Large

Large
large
large
Large
Large
Large

diameter, inc.
To 34" diameter, inc.

To o" diameter, inc .

To 12" diameter, inc ;. Standard to 0 . 0025

GRINDING LIMITS FOR CYLINDRICAL PIECES.

Note —These limits should be followed under ordinary conditions.. Special cases should always [
be considered, as It may be desirable to varj slightly from the tables.

Cul I it ill good condition at end of cut.
Test made with old 7£-horsepower motor
belted to countershaft of the machine.
Efficiency of motor, 78£ per cent. Gross
horsepower used, 5.089. Net horse-
power, 3.99 — 110 volts, 40 amperes.

Grinding Data.

The examples of commercial grinding
iriveii in Fig. 4, illustrate what is being
done under actual working conditions in
commercial work on the variety of
pieces indicated, which are of various
materials and are both soft and hard.
A reversal of the usual rule, where econ-
omy is gained by having one man oper-
ate more than one machine, is shown in
example 6 where work is most economi-
cally produced by having two men run
one machine, that is, having one man
operate the machine and a helper drive
the work on and off the arbor. All other
data are based on one man to a machine.

These pieces passed inspection within
the limits given. The average loss from
work of this class coming below the re-
quired limit or being otherwise spoiled
is less than J of 1 per cent.

Grinding Limits.

The limits given in the table can be re-
commended for use in the manufacture
of machine parts to produce satisfactory
commercial work. As there emphasized,
however, there must be individual con-
sideration in each particular case to de-
termine whether special conditions exist
so as to require different limits from
those given in the table.

Following such a table blindly may
lead to more unsatisfactory results than
to have no table at all. It is intended
to be used only in the manner above
pointed out.

16 Pitch Cast Iron Gears, !4 Face, 13,000 Lb. Tensile
Strength. Cutter 31 j Diameter, l'Hole, 15 Teeth.

Number

Kind of Steel
for Cutter

With or Without
Air Blast

Number of Gears
Cut at one*

Revolutions per Minute
of Cutter

Periphery Speed of Cutter
in Feet per Minute

Feed in Inches
per Minute

Total Face of Gang

Number of Teeth
in Gear being Cut

Cutting Time per
Setting in Minutes

Number of Teeth Cut
before Resharpening Outter

Cerbon

Without

m

3,500

High
Speed

Without

285

3'<l

12.6 15

a

0.GS4

Carbon

With

180

118

3V,o

35 36

High
Speed

With

340

3",o

76

SO

18.2 18.6

12.236

High
Speed

340

wz

t— 00 "5

90

25,502

?ig. J,— Examples of Commercial Bear Cutting.

-Grind — Mf—

_HL

No. 1

— «0^-

P-

Gffl

Plug to drive Work
when Grinding

lliM"

So. 3

m

No. 6

Part Ground

Amount of Stock
Removed (in Diameter

Required Limit

Stum iter of Placet
Completed per Hour

Soft

Machinery

Steel .

Machinery

Steel

Mach.Stee
Cait

Hardened

).OIS'hou*h)ni ).iH5"r0«.8
; I002nnl*1ilng0.00&>1n1.

Standard

to 0.00025*

Small

Standard
to 0.001"

Small

1M

1,005 Roujhlnj
.001 VlnlfblDt

Standard
to 0.0005"
Small

ach.Sue

Cam-

Hardened

0.018

to,,

0.020

0.010

to „

0.012

Std. to
0006

•3E,

0.020 "

Standard
to 0.0005"

9mi»

Bearing
Bronze

Standard
to 0.0005
Small

32 50,

I Mao|2Me't

Fig. 4,— Examples of Commercial Grinding.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

To Increase Output and Decrease Production Cost

Possible Economies where Large Numbers of Duplicate Parts are to be Ma-
chined. Some Examples of Work that is being done on Automatic Machinery.

Canadian industries are growing to
such an extent that they find they have
to turn out a great amount of duplicate
work. In a number of industries auto-
matic and semi-automatic machines
have been installed, these greatly in-
creasing the output, producing the small
duplicate parts at a low cost. Among
the machines found in Canadian indus-
tries are the Potter & Johnson, Cleve-
land Automatic, National Acme, Jones &
Lamson, Brown & Sharpe and Fellows'
gear shapers, etc. Thes!e are used in
the manufacture of small screws, the
many small parts used in the construc-
tion of an automobile, agricultural im-
plements, etc., cream separators and a
number of other lines manufactured in
Canada.

A few months ago the manufacture of
the Magnet Cream Separator, was de-
scribed in Canadian Machinery. This
Separator is made by the Petrie Mfg.
Co., Hamilton, Ont., and a number of
automatic machines are used in turn-
ing out the parts such as gears, bar

work, etc., these cutting the cost of
machine work.

Among the machines used by the
lYtrie Mfg. Co. are one Fellows' gear
shaper and two of Brown & Sharpe 's five
Cleveland automatics, three Potter &
Johnson's turret lathes, six Jones &
Lamson turret lathes.

In the illustration No. 1 are two ex-
amples of bar work machines on the
Cleveland automatics. There are twenty
shapes, the time required for each im-
pending on the amount of machine work.
The time required to set up the machine
for one of these shapes is three-quarters
of an hour.

No. 2 shows a steel forging which is
made on a Potter & Johnson automatic.
Nine operations are performed on this
forging with two settings. One man
looks after the three Potter & Johnson
machines.

Machining Gears.

The other two of these machines work
on gears, the two styles Nos. 3 and 4
being made. On each style there are

seven operations performed at one set-
ting of the tools. The following are
the operations: bored and reamed, facad
on both sides of rim, faced on the per-
phery, faced on both sides of hub.
Forty gears are turned out per day, the
tools being ground once in three weeks.
The time required to set up the machines
for gear blanks is two hours.

The gears are cut on the Fellows'
gear shapers and on the two Brown &
Sharpe 's. All the work is very accurate
as the gears of the separator run at
7,500 revolutions per minute.

Many Shapes Automatically Machined.

No. 5 is an automobile main- driving
pinion machined in two operations on a
lav automatic. One man can attend
two lathes and turn out 60 pieces per
day. The work is held in the lathe
centres. In the first operation the back
tool roughs back end of teeth, the car-
riage turns diameters shown between
dimension lines A, and finish turns back
end of teeth. In the second operation
the back tool turns face of teeth, the
carriage turns diameters shown between
dimension lines B, and turns front end
of teeth.

No. 6 shows a f inch valve machined
on a Prentice automatic. The taper

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

hole was rough and finish bored, 240
pieces per hour. The two pipe ends
wire bored, faced and tapped simul-
taneously in a double head machine, 280
pieces per hour.

No. 7 and 8 are also pieces machined
mi Prentice automatics. No. 7 is a I
inch union swivel, nut and screw of
malleable iron; 150 ends or 50 complete
unions, without the threads are ma-
chined per hour.

No. 8 is a carburetor bowl, J inch size
made of bronze and is finished in two
settings in a six spindle double-head
machine. At first setting large end of
bowl is bored, faced and seated ; small
end is bored and faced. At second set-
ting the regulator end is turned, faced,
drilled and threaded outside; bored,
faced and tapped inside. The produc-
tion is 100 complete pieces (all four
ends per hour).

The clutch gear, No. 9, is machined
on a Davis automatic. The hole is
bored and reamed, and the clutch is
turned on the inside as well as the out-
side, the time required per piece being
from 45 to 50 minutes.

A 5J inch worm wheel is shown in No.
10 as also are Nos. 11 and 12. No. 10 is
finished in one setting. The wheels are
machined in lots of 200 and require an
average of 20 to 25 minutes each.

No. 12 is a cast iron bevel gear, the
time required in large lots being 25
minutes. No. 13 is a bevel pinion and
requires about 15 minutes per piece.

The steel spool for an automobile
clutch, Fig. 13, was machined on a
Gridley automatic turret. It is chrome-
niekel steel and was finished in 28 min-
utes.

Advantages.

The chief advantage of the automatic
or semi-automatic is the increased pro-
duction at low working cost. In the
case of automatic machinery, one opera-
tor can look after as many ns twelve
machines depending altogether on the
nature of the work.

In some cases an automatic can be
used for two or three months during
the year and save sufficient to more than
offset its rest from service during the
other months. This is the case at the
Canada Cycle & Motor Co. where a large
number of automatics are in use. A
Xational-Aeme is used for some special
work which keeps it in service about
half t he working year. Its use for this
work has been found to pay overhead
charges and yield a large profit.

Of course there must be a certain
amount of duplicate work to make the
automatic pay for itself. Otherwise a
great deal of lime would he spent i.i

changing tools and cams, making it
much cheaper to produce the work in
some other manner or purchase them.

In connection with this article on
automatics and semi-automatics, it is

interesting to note that the National-
Acme Mfg. Co. have established a
branch in Montreal for the manufac-
ture of their automatic screw machines,
cams, tools, etc.

English Practice in Machining Crank Shaft Webs

Manner in which English Methods Differ from those in this Country ;
Machining Crank Webs, showing Operations and Special Appliances

By Horace Howard.

The methods and tools described in
this article are the best in use on the
north-east coast of England, and are not
taken from only one shop, but represent
practice in some half a dozen shops, and
are a combination of special methods
therein used.

The webs for triple crank shafts
come from the rolling mills in rough
oblong slabs of an average size of
4x2x8 inches. They are first faced
on the planer, where the special tool
shown in Fig. 1, does the work. 22 are
the tool-holders pivoted at 33. A
spiral spring behind the holder keeps
them in position. With a double tool
like this it is essential that the planer
run at the same speed each way. This
proves economical both in saving timj,
and lessening the wear and tear on the
machine from the absence of the quick
return motion.

After planing the wob is scribed as
shown in Fig. 2 from steel templates

aM

kept for that purpose, and it is then
sent to the band saw to be sawn around
the outer edge.

The sawing operation is very inter-
esting, and is shown by Fig. 3, which is
a rough sketch of a band saw operating
on a web. C is a 1 inch thick plate
covering the right half of the table and
projecting beyond it, on which are 1
inch steel balls B, in rough steel rimrs
E, made from pipe, to prevent their es-
cape.

On placing ready for sawing, a small
wooden wedge A, is tapped in taking the
strain off of the steel ball at that cor-
ner. The self-acting gear will feed the
web into the saw. As the cut must be
circular, only short straight cuts can be
taken after which the web must be re-
set. Two to three inches straight cuts
can be taken. The plate C is placed on
the table to prevent the balls from fall-
ing into the slots. It should be of the
same length as the table and about half

<= D

a =

Bottom V»eW

c/fUKK wee

0

Pl_fl^£f* Tfl8Lt

Fig. 1. — Vlnncr Operation on Crank Wet,

4A

CANADIAN MACHINERY

as wide again, and held down by two
countersunk: bolts D placed in the first
slot as shown.

The two holes FF, Fig. 2 are made in
the drill-press for aligning the webs
wlu-n machining pairs later on.

as it not only cuts the hole for shaft in
crank web more expeditiously then by-
drilling, and then boring it in the usual
way. but it saves forging, as these round

Fig. 2.— Web Scribed Ready for the Band Saw.

Fig. 4 shows the boring or ripping
tool used to remove the web centres. G
is the boring machine spindle; I, the tool
block in which are two oblong holes to
hold tools KK, and packing pieces J J,
which are for placing tools at various
diameters. In setting the tools K, great
care should be taken to set perpendicu-
larly, and to give them the drag shown
at L. If the tools were placed in tool
block without this drag, they will al-
ways have a tendency to dig into the
material, owing to the length of tool
standing out, but, with drag, the ten-
dency to dig is entirely obviated. It
will be noticed that one is a round nose,
and the other square, the round nose
removing the centre, and the square
nose the corners of the cut. Half the
cnt is made from each side, the web
being turned over for the latter part ol
the operation.

This method is a double labor saver

j&L^

placed on the slotter table in pairs, pins
F aligning each pair. The oblong false
table R is placed on slotter, which is
marked by a tool mark to ascertain if it
is central, and then bolted down by bolts
T, of which there are four. This false

rffi

I

nf !

TiHCi ftfftfffcUtkft

t*o viclw op Fftu&e. tusic

s

-p

T=

L

Ffli-sc -raeiE. R

fen

BOXToivl «|NG,

I

; ; HD Fig. 5.-Slotting

pieces as ripped out, are taken to the
lathe to be bored and threaded, and
then milled hexagon for piston rod nuts,
or taken to the saw to be cut into three
or four washers, thereby saving labor
and material.

The next operation is slotting, shown
in Pig. 5. The full set of six webs are

Crank Webs.

table is drilled to receive pins S, in ring
parallels, at the top of which is a spigot
the same size in diameter as the web
bore. The first pair of webs are placed
in parallels, then the ring parallels
placed between these and the second
pair of webs, and so on with the third
pair the whole being bolted to the fals"
table by two bolts as shown. Bv using

J?

P\

iUL

tan i h .

iVirf-

ib cLb

* i " PLFire,

zy-C Fig. 4 — Boring or Ripping tool for Crank Webs.

Fig. 3.— Band Saw Operation.

these parallels with a spigot the size of
bore in web, the webs require no set-
ting but merely placing in position.
After slotting the first end, it is only
necessary to crank the table over for
the other end. When both ends are
slotted, the whole is moved over and set
for the concave radius, in lunchini'ig
Which the false table proves of value.
After slotting the webs are removed
in pairs to a double horizontal borer to
be finished to gauge size, an operation
that requires no comment.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers'
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions

Opinions
paid

I

or.

CENTRING DEVICE.

By George Ringer.

The accompanying illustration shows
a simple centring device that can be
used on a lathe for drilling holes in a
shaft or jig post.

The device has a V-shaped groove at
an angle of 90 degrees. The length is
immaterial and can be made to suit the
Work. A length of ten or twelve inches
would be a convenience. The shank is

Centring Device.

tapered to fit the tail stock. The jig
must be made with utmost care so
that the bottom of the V will centre on
the head of the lathe.

To centre the shaft, place it in the
V-slot, run the tail stock up to the face
plate. The shaft will then be centred
on the plate and can be clamped in
place. For a short shaft the device
must be shorter than the shaft to allow
the shaft to be clamped to the face
plate while the device holds it in posi-
tion.

PRACTICAL METHOD OF OBTAIN-
ING PITCH OF PROPELLER.
By R. Ewart Cleaton.

There are numerous formulae for ob-
taining the pitch of a propeller which can
be used when the various factors forming
them are known quantities, but it is
often necessary to have the information
before the vessel lias undergone her
trials, and the following method has b?en
found to be quick, and sufficiently accur-
ate for practical purposes. The appar-
atus required is in no way complicated,
is inexpensive to make, whilst the neces-
sary calculations arc extremely simple.

Referring to the sketch, the boss A
from which the shaft B projects, is
bolted to a wall or supporting column.
in any convenient manner, and upon this

the propeller is mounted; having a s'.ight
taper it will accommodate any size of
propeller within certain limits, although
the fit must be fairly good to prevent
slipping.

The propeller being in place, the quad-
rant C and the arm D are slid on to the
shaft B, and held in position by the set-
screws, as shown.

The quadrant forms part (approxi-
mately one-third) of a circle which is
divided into 100 parts.

The arm D is also divided into equal
distances along its length and has at-
tached to it. a sliding socket E, in which,
in turn, moves a hard'wood batten F.
provided with a brass pointer. On the
latter there is a movable stop G.

The method of procedure is as follows :

The propeller having been set in such
a way that the center lines of the quad-
rant C, and one blade approximately co-
incide, the quadrant is 'then bolted at a
distance from the forward edge of the
blade, about equal to two-thirds the
length of the pointer F, and the arm D
is brought hard up against it.

The arm D is then set at such an angle
that the pointer touches the blade one
inch from the extremity of the after edge
and the edge, of the arm should then be
exactly opposite one of the divisions on
the quadrant; should it be between two
of the divisions, the quadrant is moved
around until a division coincides. The

rant; the second reading of the. quad-
rant is then taken, in order to ascertain
how many divisions, or 1-lOOths of a turn
have been passed through.

It will now be seen, that owing to the
advance in the blade the pointer has been
pushed backwards, and the stop G no
longer rests against the socket E.

The distance moved by G will then be
the same fraction, of the pitch, as the
number of graduations passed through
on the quad.'rant are of 100.

Hence d : P : : g : 1O0

where d — -Distance between E and G in
feet or parts of a foot.
P=Pitch of propeller in feet.
g=No. of graduation on quadrant
passed through,
d x 100

S
These operations are repeated at differ-
ent heights of the blade, by moving the
socket up or down on D, an equal dis-
tance each time, and the pitch is finally
obtained by taking the average, of. the
resultant readings. The other blades
are pitched in the same manner, the
propeller being swung round until the
next blade is in position.
. A simple method of finding the area of
a blade, is to lay a sheet of brown paper
over it, and by tapping round the edges
with a hammer, cut out a template the
exact size and shape. The area is then

Practical Method ot Obtaining Pitch of Propcllor.

• Late of John I. Thornycroft & Co., South-
hampton. Eng.

stop Q is n?.\t broughl up and clamped
against the soekel E. and the position of
the arm on the quadrant is then noted;
this completes the first operation. Tin'
arm is next loosened on the shaft by
unscrewing the getscrew K, and swung
round to tiie other edge of the blade, un-
til the pointer is at a dis-
tance from the latter approx-
imately equal to that in the first
operation, and the edge of D coincides
with one of the divisions on the quad-

found by dividing the template into an
equal number of pails, by the use 0-f an
- unequal number of ordinates, and apply-
Ing Simpson's Rule.

- y

a = — (EX48X2m) .
3
Where a=Area in square inches.

yi=Distance between ordinates.
E=Sum of the extreme ordinates.
S=Sum of the even ordinates.
=Sum of the odd ordinates.

46

CANADIAN M A CHINER Y

RULE FOB LATHE GEAR CHANGES. 4 threads on lead screw X&=20 tooth

By W. Oelschlager. gear.

In calculating the change gears of a 10 threads to be cut X -r> = 50 tooth

screw cutting lathe, the rule to be given, gear.

is intended to teach the beginner how The 20 tooth gear is placed on the

to use the gears as supplied with a stud, and the 50 tooth gear on the lead

lathe, and for general use where tables screw, as per sketch No. 1.

fffi|l I UlltnlMl

No I

LEAP ^C-gfcW

TTTiTiliWlH1 i I 'I71"!
vHTeffMefflfGL set

I N TEW *)£ O iflfC

i2.o ~r

kill, iiiiiiifliiiTiili i i 'iH't'll'IH
3o-r L.eflO *c«?ew

No. 2.

Lathe Gear Changes.

either never existed, or have been lost.
It is the simplest and easiest rule in
print, to remember.

Consider first simple gearing, pro-
ceeding as follows: — Multiply both the
number of threads per inch in the lead
screw and the thread to be cut, respect-
ively by the ratio of the gears belong-
ing to the lathe. The product of the
first is the number of the gear to be
placed on the stud, and the product of
the latter, that to be placed on the lead
screw. The intermediate gear may be
anything, as it merely acts as a distance
piece.

Now consider a lathe with a coarse
2 pitch lathe screw, and it is desired to
cut the same number of threads as in
the former example, viz.: 10 per inch.
It is unlikely that there will be a large
enough gear. Proceed as before, .by
multiplying the pitches of the lead screw
and article to be threaded, respectively
by the lathe gear ratio.

2 threads in lead screw X 20 = 40
tooth ^ear.

10 thread to be cut X 20 = 200 tooth
gear.

If no 200 tooth gear exists, proceed
as follows : For the first driven> take

anj {jew for the second driver, and
multiply into the ratio 4, just deter-
mined. Thus, assuming a 30 gear, the
second driven would be 30 X 4 =s 120,
the gear to be put on the lead screw,
with the other gears as shown in sketch
No. 2.

Take another example. Let the lead
have pitch 4, and the screw to be cut
32. The simple gears would then be 20
and 160. Select any gear for first driven,
say a 60, and divide into 160, i. e.,
160

= 2 2-3. Then select any gear foi

60
second driver, say a 30, and multiply by
2 2-3, giving 30 X 2 2-3 = 80. There-
fore, the arrangement would be 20 into
60, and 30 into 80.

PARALLEL BORING ON LATHE.
By J. H. It., Hamilton.

The accompanying sketch shows an
attachment placed on a lathe for bor-
ing two or more cylinders in the one
casting at practically one setting, hav-
ing their axis parallel with one another.
The compound rest is removed from the
cross slide S, and the attachment plac-
ed on and secured with bolts similar to
the compound rest.

The tapered block A is planed to an
angle so as to bring the centre line of
the cylinders as near as possible to a
horizontal position. Any error of ad-
justment in vertical setting can be
taken up by moving block B along
block B' with the screw E ; the nut N
being secured to table block B. By
the use of the graduations the table
can be moved to any desired angle in
the horizontal plane.

By the use of small centre heads
(similar to those on a milling ma-
chine) and other jigs many small jobs
often met with in a small repair shop
can be successfully handled.

I..,.,.. 1.. .1 ..;.... I, ^r.rT]77r^7T^3J

s —

Parallel Boring on a Lathe.

Example. — Let it be required to find any gear, say a 50. Dividing 200 by
the proper gears to cut 10 threads per 200

inch on a lathe having a lead screw this gives a ratio of 4. Then select

pitch of 4, and change gear ratio 5. 50

By fitting the lower block B' direct-
ly to the saddle in place of slide S, the
attachment could be made much heavier
for larger work.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

47

BALL BEARING COUNTER.
Ball-bearings, while present inn' very
few . difficulties in counting, when in
large a umbers, lake a lot of time, if
counted in the usual method by hand.
Being smooth and slippery they have a
great tendency to drop from your hands,
spoiling the count.

i*. ,jj

XX

2HE

Ball-Bearing Counter.

The London Machine Tool Co., Ham-
ilton, use a large number in their thrust
bearings. As necessity is the mother of
invention, one of the men devised this
simple little device, 'by which they can
he counted very expeditiously. The
counter is a soft steel plate, riddled
with countersunk holes, located as close-
ly together as practicable, when scoop-
ed into a dish of balls, the holes become
Idled, one in each. While the surplus
run off, the holes being of such a depth
that no good resting place is provided
for the surplus balls. As there are 25
holes, each scoop means 25 balls, so by
counting the dips, a rapid count is made,
as well as making the operation easier
for the mechanic, as nothing is so monot-
onous as a long slow count such as is
necessitated by the usual method.

Different sized counters are provided
for the various sized balls, as the holes
are made but slightly larger than the
balls for clearance.

Brass would be a peferable material
for the counter as no damage to the
balls could possibly result.

REMOVING CAST IRON CHIPS.

By M. E. D.
I was watching a mechanic instal an
engine recently, and saw him make good
use of a magnetized pocket knife. The

Baa

Removing Cast Iron Chips.

little kink may be used conventiently
by other mechanics or engineers, when
there is a blind hole to be drilled and
tapped.

In reaming out the hole as shown in
sketch, the ehips of iron collected at A.
Without stopping for explanations the
mechanic drew his pocket knife, which
had previously been magnetized, from

his pocket, and quickly removed the
chips from I lie hole.

As it is an easy mailer In have a
knife magnetized, this fact can be made
of general use. For instance in drill-
ing the holes for the stud bolts for en-
gine bearing the kink could be used very
conveniently.

JIG FOR ACCURATELY BABBITT-
ING BEARINGS.

A large Canadian wood working ma-
chine company manufacture a grinding
machine for sharpening cutter heads,
etc., and which has an adjustable table
much the same as a vertical miller, with
the exception that the shaft rises and
falls in front of the shaft instead of
at right angles as in a miller.

To be correct, the shaft must be paral-
lel to the face of the adjustable table
and also to the face on which the table
rises and falls. Thus, the shaft must be

cylinders, and as it was a big job ts
remove Ihe cylinders to machine them
in a lathe, a cylinder boring bar was de-
signed which greatly faciliated the work.
By using it, it is not necessary to re-
move the cylinders from the boiler,
and a cylinder can be bored and the en-
gine made again ready for service in
three hours.

Referring to the drawing, A is the
feed screw threaded at 44 threads to
the inch. This runs in the casting B
which is threaded the same. At 1, this
casting is turned the size of the piston
rod, while at 2 it is turned the
size of the packing gland. When
it is inserted into the piston rod end of
the cylinder, the stuffing box is crowded
on.

The casting C slips on the rod, fits
closely, and is bolted to the cylinder
head, taking the place of the cylinder

Jig for Automatically Babbitting Bearings.

adjusted correctly in two planes. This
would be a simple matter if the bear-
ings were bored in a mill, but as they
are of babbit, with no machining, tho
babbitting arbor must be set to corres-
pond to the final position of the shaft.
This is accomplished as shown in the
cut, by attaching collars to the outer ends
of the bearings with set screws, and ad-
justing the arbor with another set of
set-screws. Adjustment into any desir-
ed position can be made, the extent of
the adjustment being determined by a
surface gauge on the table, and also on
the table slide. It is a very useful ap-
pliance, and might be adapted to other
work equally well.

REBORING CYLINDERS.

Barkey Bros., Stouffville, are frequent-
ly called upon to rebore traction engine

head. The tool is fastened at D, a
straight tool being used for the main
. body of the cylinder, and an offset tool
for recessing the ends of the cylinder.
E is the operating handle.

HEADING TOOL.

For the large Bucyrus shovels that
they make, the Canada Foundry Co.,
Toronto, require many feet of heavy
chain such as is shown in Fig. 1, which
is made of standard pieces cut from
J inch x 2 inch wrought iron flat bar.
The pins are from J inch iron bar stock.

These pins are cut the requisite
length; and then riveted over with an
ordinary machinist's hammer which, of
course, gives a very rough finish.

To finish up in better shape, a special
tool, sueh as is shown in Fig. 2, is em-

D

s

f\

k^vvs

Cylinder Boring Bar.

B

48

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ployed. This consists essentially of i
steel body containing: steel rollers on ;i
pin. The body fits the spindle of a drill,
so the work ean be put on the drill
table. The steel rollers which are hard-
ened are pressed down on the roughly-
riveted pin. and thus smooth the sur-
face down by rolling. Pressure is ex-
erted from the drill feed mechanism. As
the rollers turn in opposites directions,
a thin brass washer is inserted between

J

J BUT \p

i

Fig. 1. — Dredge Chain.

them. All the pressure is upward and
outward and to prevent undue friction
from the latter balls in ball races on
either side are used. The pin on which
the rollers turn is hardened to take up
the wear.

The tool is put together by first fill-
ing one ball race, then introducing the
corresponding rollers, turn over, fill the
other race, introduce the other roller,
and next place in washer, finally putting
through the centre pin.

Fig. 2.— Heading Tool.

Kesults from the use of this tool arc
excellent, but the wear and tear on the
drill, is very great, causing the spindle
to run hot most of the time.

PNEUMATIC TOOLHOLDER.

The C. P. R. have successfully applied
a pneumatic tool to Bertram lathes for
turning car and truck wheels. In turn-
ing wheel tires it is necessary to change
the tools three times tor each tire and
two men were required to operate the
tools. With the tool shown, one man
ean operate them, the necessary champ-
ing and setting be accomplished almost
simultaneously.

The toolholder shown was used on a
.'!() in. lathe. Forty- pounds air pressure.
in connection with the leverages in the
toolholder, holds the tools rigidly. High

[ Tr-, «■ 1,11

r.»:-SJ>.i-W>- iwMjx- fc-a

PISTON TRAVEL 4

Pneumatic Toolholder for Bertram Car Wheel
Lathe.

speed steel tools 3 x 1J in. were used
and a surface speed of 17 ft. per min.
with a cut i in. deep and A in. feed per
revolution.

PROTECTED ROLLER BEARING.

Sheldons, Ltd., of Gait, have an es-
pecially good brick car, metal construc-
tion throughout, as shown in Fig. 1.
The major part of the car is composed
of standard steel shapes.

The journals form the most interest-
ing feature, for not only are they rol-

Fig. 1.— Steel Brick Car.

ler bearing, but they are so constructed
as to be protected from the dust, which
is so injurious to machinery arouii I
brick plants.

From Fig. 2, it will be seen that the
journal consists of a large cast iron
shell, secured to the running gear of the
truck by bolts, within which is a chilled
cast iron bearing, which holds the rol-
lers for the shaft. On the shaft is a

collar, Hush with the chilled cast iron
ring, thus completely closing the rollers
from dirt and grit in a very effective
manner.

HANDY HOOK.
By F. J. Deegan.

A handy quick action hook is here
shown, and is an idea that should be
found very useful The writer devised
it for hanging up time check boards.

The device consists of a weight A, on
the end of an arm B, the latter pinned
at C. A stop block D prevents this
rod B dropping back too far, keeping it
level. Any object to be suspended is
placed in slot E, first lifting A so that

;■;

~Wr

Handy Hook.

<D m

pin F may be inserted in the article.
Weigh! A must he sufficient to more
than counterbalance the weight of the
suspended article. The bracket G for
holding the device can be made of al-
most any material.

ADJUSTABLE PISTON VALVE RING.

The engine at the McLachlin Mills,
Arnprior, has a piston valve, made by
(he engineer, Geo. H. Johnson, which \i
worthy of notice, from the fact that pre-
cautions have been taken to look after
the natural wear.

The piston valve, a section of half of
which is shown in the cut, consists of

Fig. 2.— Protected Journal of Brick Truck.

Piston Valve Ring.

three sections — the body and two end
pieces, the latter, with the main body,
forming the annular grooves for the pis-
ton valve rings. This ring is unique in
construction, as shown by the end view,
as it consists of a single piece, bolted to-
gether at the top, the bolt flange fitting
into a similar recess in the piston valve.
The idea of the split and bolted con-
st ruction is, that the ring, after becom-
ing slightly worn, may have paper or
tin shims placed in the cut, and clamped
in position, the ring then assuming a
practically circular form again. Satis-
factory operation seems to have resulted
from its use.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Device*.

GARVIN MILLING MACHINES.
Aboul two yeats ago the Garvin No.
14 vertical milling machine was describ-
ed in Canadian Machinery, but several
recent improvements on this miller, as
well as gome of their otbers will be of
interest to our readers. The improved
No. 14 milk']- is shown in Pig, 1.

Fig. 1. — No. 14 Garvin Milling Machine.

The standard rotary feed box use 1
bj tlie Garvin Machine Co. on their mill-
ing machines, has been adapted to the
requirements of the No. 14 vertical
spindle milling machine. This gives
twelve changes in geometrical progres-
sion, with the addition of a reverse, si
as to change the direction of the feed.
This feed box carries both direct to the
head on the rail, or to the table feed.
Should the feed for one need to be differ-
ent than the other, the quick turning
of the crank while the machine is in
operation will bring the desired feed into
play. The table and rail feed arc auto-
matic in both directions. The automatic
trip to both is of a character, in which
the feed is thrown out a trifle before the
positive stop is reached, so that (lure
imii he absolutely no breaking down of
the feed Works by carelessness in setting
I rips.

The change of back-gearing in the
spindle head is now made by one lever,
throwing the gear through as in auto-
mobile practice. There are three posi-
tions for this lever; two for the back
gearing ratio and one neutral, and when
in this neutral position the universal join'
drive shown on the back-gear shaft can

be disengaged and attached direct to
the spindle, giving high speed without
gearing,

On the Xo. U has been added a motor
mount shown in Pig. 2. The feature of
this is to have a mount that can be at-
tached to a machine in stock, thus avoid-
ing the expense and delay in covering
the motor drive requirements.

The motor can be mounted, as shown
in Pig. 2, or on a bracket at the rear
of the machine — preferably the latter.
as it makes the entire outfit portable.
The impresion that the power of the ma-
chine is deficient on account of the short
cuiter distance between cone pulleys, is
erroneous. The high speed, narrow belt
drives on to a two speed cone, which
back-gears to the main cone through a
double back-geared system, giving eight
changes each of speed by belt or gear-,
totaling sixteen changes of speed. Both
overhead cone pulleys run on a station-
ary shaft stud, that is made hollow to
allow of supplying the lubricant from
grease cups at both ends. This shaft
is keyed to the eccentrics, one of which
has a segment worm gear under control
of a crank. This scheme is used to give
the proper tension to the belt, allowing
of easing it off for shifting purposes.
No other lock is necessary to retain
the belt tension. It is this point of
belt tension that keeps the" machine up
to high productive ability. The feed
from the spindle to the rotary feed
change box is by chain, and other points
of the machine have been clearly set
forth in our columns in the year past.

hatchet, where the head is grooved at
right-angles, producing a checkered fa© .

It is also adapted for squaring shanks of
taps, reamers, bolts, studs, and similar
work.

As shown for milling hatchets, the
work is inserted into the fixture, under
the height gauge. It is a four division
index fixture, locking by means of a
belt. After the hatchet is put under the

Fig. 2. — N'o. li Universal Milling Machine Motor
Mount.

gauge, and clamped by means of a bind-
er, it is revolved one-quarter of a rev-
olution, and passed under the cutters.
After having passed once, it is revolved
another quarter of a turn, and passed
under the other cutter, these two passes
completing the squaring operation. Once
(he fixture is loaded with four hatchets,
each passage completes an operation.

03h

Fig. Si^— Detail of Drive and Belt Lightencr. Garvin N'o. li Milling Machine.

The weight of this machine is 2,450 lbs.
The attachment shown in Fig. 4 was
designed for general work ■ in milling
pieces that require a quartering index.
The illustration shows the attachment
holding what is known as a lathers'

For squaring shanks of laps, reamers,
etc.. the half-bushings for holding the
work are interchangeable and quickly
removed ; and in all cases, it will be
noticed that the cnt is against the fix-
lure, the clamp just holding the work

50

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Fig. 4.

-Attachment for Milling Pieces Requiring
Quartering Index.

into the bush. The index ring is of
large diameter, and the locking bolt is
a long well-fitted bolt, operated by the
handle on top of fixture. The
entire fixture swivels on a stand-
ard that has a fit to the extreme
top. The rotating casting fits over this
standard in such a way that chip trou-
bles are entirely eliminated.

The attachment is shown on a No. 21
back geared milling machine. The
weight of the fixture is 125 pounds; and
it is of such design as will easily go onio
any medium sized milling machine.

These milling machines are manufac-
tured by the Garvin Machine Co., Spring
and Varick Sts., New York.

TRIPLE GEARED SHAPER.

The accompanying illustration shows
a new 26 ineh triple geared shaper.
The ram of the shaper is driven by two
rack gears of large diameter, and the
rack is cut from the solid steel bar.
The teeth in the rack are staggered,
thereby avoiding the excessive jarring
at each end of the stroke, and giving an
even pushing strain on both gears. The
use of two gears permits the passing of
bars through an opening in the top of

the column for key-seating, which can-
not be done where only one large gear
is used.

The plate for shifting the belt has ec-
i intrical slots so arranged, that one belt
is shifted before the other, thereby
avoiding excessive squealing.

The head can be very quickly loosen-
ed and swiveled to any angle by pushing
the lever at the back of the head, and
can again be instantly fastened by pull-
ing the lever toward the operator.

The shifter dogs are placed on top of
the ram in a very convenient position,
and thereby permits a ram of larger
and stronger dimensions.

The table support is provided with a
roller, which slides on a plane surface
under the table, and can be very quickly
adjusted by means of the lever shown.

This machine is geared at the rate of
about 42 : 1, and is made to take very-
heavy cuts with high speed steel. The
column, ram and base are very heavily
ribbed and braced, and all bearings are
made very heavy.

The vise has a graduated swivel base,
which is turned at any angle of thirty
degrees, so that it can be easily read
by the operator. The upper jaw of the
vise grips firmly around the lower jaw,
thereby preventing the upper jaw from
raising when the work is being tightened
in the vise. Two additional damping
bolts are provided which project through
the upper jaw of the vise, and which can
be fastened where extreme accuracy is
necessary, as these bolts will overcome
the tendency of the upper jaw to raise
when the work is being clamped.

This shaper is manufactured by the
John Steptoe Shaper Co., Cincinnati.
Ohio.

Hard Service Drill Socket.

flat taper shanks that are tapered both
on the flat sides and round edges. These
shanks are regularly furnished on this
company's "Paragon" flat twist drills,
and are driven by sleeves or sockets in-

Steptoe Shaper.

NEW DRIVE FOR FLAT TWIST
DRILL.

The questions connected with using
and driving twist drills, forged or twist-
ed from flat bars of high speed steel, are
probably receiving more attention from
mechanics at the present time than any
others connected with the use of toois.
Although attempts to solve the problem
of drive have been numerous — more or
less complicated chucks have been de-
signed to hold and drive the rough end
of the flat bar of steel; the shank ends
of the 'bars have been spirally twisted
and machined to form taper shanks fit-
ting regular taper sockets; more or less
cumbersome taper shanks have been sol-
dered or riveted1 to the shank ends of
the flat twist drills — none of these me-
thods has seemed to settle the matter
beyond the possibility of further ques-
tion.

The Cleveland Twist Drill Co., of
Cleveland, Ohio, have recently applied
for patents on a new device for driving

Fib. 2.— Shank. Collet and Spindle in Com-
bination.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

5*

ternally equipped with flat taper lioles
accurately fitting the shanks and extern-
ally tapered to tit standard taper sockets
or spindles. In the ease of large diam-
eter flat twist drills having No. 6 shanks
this drive was found to have certain
disadvantages, as it made necessary the
use of cumbersome extension reducing
sockets to adapt the large shanks to the
drill press spindles which seldom have
a taper hole larger than No. 6. To over-
come this difficulty, as well as to provide
additional driving strength, is the two-
fold object of the new device.

To this end both the No. 5 and No.
G "Paragon" blanks have been redesign-
ed the same length as regular taper
shanks, the taper on the round edges
being regular Morse taper as former^'.
When therefore this modified shank is
inserted directly in the spindle the upper
end of the shank is received and driven
by the flat slot in the spindle just as is
the tang of an ordinary taper shank
drill. This alone would constitute a
strong and practical drive but for the
lack of support the shank would have on
its two flat sides at the lower end of the
spindle. To provide against the result-
ant possibilities of vibration and wi. ir
between the shank and spindle, and to
furnish a powerful additional drive at
the lower end of the shank where it?
cross section area is greatest, a new
and original type of socket, called the
"Paragon" collet, has been evolved.

As shown in Fig. 1 the collet consists
of two lugs (L,L) projecting upward
from a flattened disc, through which is
cut a rectangular hole to receive the
"Paragon " shank. The lugs have
rounded outside surfaces ground to stan-
dard taper and flat inner surfaces tap-
ered to fit the flat taper shank. The
grove (g) is provided to receive the
point of a drift key in case the collet
should stiek in the spindle. When" the

collet is on the shank the combination h
practically aw interchangeable taper
shank with unusually long tang.

Pig. 2 shows the shank collet, and
spindle, in combination. The additional
drive is provided by means of an ex-
tension (E) projecting (upward — in the
case of vertical drilling) from the circu-
lar base of the collet. This projection
mortises into a slot cut across the end
of the spindle conforming to the stand-
ard slots now being put in the spindles
of heavy duty drill presses by several
well known manufacturers. That this
tongue-and-groove drive at the large
end of the shank is very much stronger
than any drive on the tang could pos-
sibly be, is made evident by a single
glance at the figure. The collets with-
out this extension will fit any spindle
or socket, and will be furnished to those
whose spindles are not fitted with slots,
when this requirement is plainly spec-
ified, but they will, of course, not have
the aditional driving strength otherwise
afforded. With the extension they make
what would seem to be an almost ideally
perfect drive for the large sizes of flat
1 wist drills.

"HARD SERVICE" DRILLS AND
REAMERS.

The illustration presented herewith
shows one type of "Hard Service" el-
ectrically operated Drills, manufactured
by the Electrical Department of The
Van Dorn & Dutton Co., of Cleveland,
Ohio.

This company, in view of the extensive
adoption of electricity for power and

lighting, early realized the demand for
portable electrical tools that would stand
the abuse of rough handling which ma-
chines of this character usually receive
in the hands of inexperienced workmen.
In response to this demand they brought
out the first types of "Hard Service"
drills and reamers. In detail these from
time to time have been improved as the
opportunity was afforded. Final sim-
plicity, of course, is only reached by a
process of elimination.

"Hard Service" machines are now
built in six sizes, scope 0 to 2 in., and
may be had for direct current either
110 or 220 volts.

A four pole straight series motor en-
tirely form wound which is in reality
a miniature railway type motor, design-
ed to stand up under the varying loads
and overloads which are bound to ob-
tain, is employed. A feature worthy
of notice is the large commutator which
is proportioned three bars to each of
the armature coils, wdiich are composed
of three single coils, This ample com-
mutator service distributes the current
so evenly that there is no sparking even
under extreme load. The use of this
construction insures the maximum pro-
duction from the drill operator.

In view of the increased demand in
Canada for an efficient tool of this
kind, The Van Dorn & Dutton Co. have
recently selected as their Canadian Re-
presentative, Mr. R. E. T. Pringle,. loc-
ated at Eastern Townships Bank Bldg.,
Montreal, P.Q..

Hard Service Drill.

52

CANADIAN MACHINERY

GnadianMachinery

^Manufacturing News^

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all users of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rieity, compressed atr and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto - Business Manager

G.C KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto - Managing Editor
F. H. MOODY, B. A. Sc, Toronto - Associate Editor

OFFICES :

CANADA

Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern
Townships Bank Bldg-

Toronto 113-149 University Ave.

Phone Main 7324

Winnipeg, oil Union Bank Building:

Phone 3726

British Columbia - Vancouver

II Hodgson,

Room 21, Hartney Chambers

GREAT BRITAIN

London - 88 Fleet Street, E.C.

Phone Central 12960

E.J. Dodd

UNITED STATES

New Y<kk - - R. B. Huestis
1109-1111 Lawyers' Title, Insur-
ance and Trust Building
Phone, 1111 Cortlandt

FRANCE

Paris John F. Jones & Co.,

Slbis, Faubourg- Montmartre,

Paris, France

Cable Address:
Macpubco, Toronto. Atabek, London, Eng.

SUBSCRIPTION RATE.

Canada, United States, $1.00. Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4s. 6d., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.

Subscribers who are not receiving their piper regularly will confer a
favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified at once of any
change in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

November, 1910

No. 11

ROOSEVELT'S RULE.
It is not the critic who counts — not the man
who points out how the strong man stumbles,
or where the doer of deeds could have done
them better. The credit belongs to the man
who is actually in the arena, whose face is
marred by dust and sweat and blood; who
strives valiantly; who errs and comes short
again and again, because there is no effort
without error and shortcoming, but who docs
actually strive to do the deeds; who knows the
great enthusiasm, the great devotions; who
spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the
best knows in the end the triumph of high
achievement and who at the worst, if he fails,
at least fails while daring greatly, so that his
place shall never be with those cold and timid
souls who know neither victory nor defeat. —
Theodore Roosevelt.

A SUBTLE FORM OF DISHONESTY.

From time to time there is in evidence a peculiar form
of dishonesty which is the more dangerous in that it does
mil involve an indictable offenee. This particular breach
of probity consists in accepting a salary for filling one
position while surreptitiously using a part of Lhe time
which should be devoted to the interests of the one em-
ployer to do work for and receive payment from another.
A ease in point is brought to mind by the newspaper
notices respecting the firm of C. D. Sheldon. This man
was accustomed to employ as stool-pigeons, men in
responsible positions in various businesses, from govern-
ment departmental employes in Ottawa, it is said, to men
in financial institutions in various financial centres. It

is entirely unnecessary to comment upon the ethics of the
[emptor. The serious question is with respect to the lack
of business honor which permits a man to sell his whole
lime to an employer, accepting a substantial yearly salar\
Eor same and then to steal part of this time for the pur-
pose of increasing his income.

Where a man can, without lessening his value to his
employer, devote his evenings to extra work, one cannot
take exception to this method. The point in question
involves a form of dishonesty which is often practiced by
men whose integrity! so far as actual cash or even finer
points of honesty are concerned, is unexceptional.
Cases of this sort come up more often than
is generally realized and it is indeed time that step-
were taken to protect an employer against petty and
sometimes serious thefts of this sort, as against the more
overt forms which involve the actual handling of sash.
The government at Ottawa is endeavoring to prevent it.
but the law is not yet of sufficient brea.dth to cover the
ground.

A divided attention means lessened power of concen-
tration and the opportunities of taking off a few minutes,
or bonis, of course increases with the responsibility of
an employe's position, Should a man realize that by thus
dividing his time and attention he is seriously lessening
his earning power and consequently his value to his
employer, selfish reasons alone would doubtless prevent
lunch of such action.

THE BOSS WANTS TO KNOW.

If the 'boss wauls jo know, can yon show him? If you
are offered an advancement can you say you are ready.
Are you taking advantage of the available opportunities.'
You can sit down on a stool ami say you haven't the
advantage of Technical Schools like the German or
United States' mechanical men, that there was no
apprenticeship system in the shop where you worked, etc.
Do you think that will have any weight with the boss?

Are you reading your technical paper? Are you
reading technical books on work which you are interested?
Are you putting down on paper what yon see in the shop,
thus familiarizing yourself with shop methods? Are you
trying to do a little more than you are paid for. or a little
less? Ask yourself the question — "If the boss wants tn
know-, can I show him?" Resolve to answer v-es.

REPLACING OLD TOOLS WITH NEW ONES.

With the present developments in high speed steals
and machine tools to use them, there is a greater output
possible in great number of cases with machine tools of
recent design than those of a few years ago. No doubt
many plants are making money using less efficient ami l.u
from modern machinery. The product of a plam such as
this, may have an excellent reputation and be in a class
by itself. The output may be easily sold, the proprietors
being content with large sa!es and small profits. It must
fax the genius of lhe superint endenl and foremen almost
to the limit at times in some shops to keep the balance on
the right side of the hooks. An observer cannot help but
see how much more profitable it would be if the obsolete
machinery were replaced by that of recent design.

If the management take the trouble io investigate
where there is a large leak they will often find. that, by
installing a modern machine, designed for the work it is
lo do. the machine will pay for itself in a few months.
This has been revealed by fires, where old established
plants have been wiped out and a new plant equipped with
the latest design machinery erected.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

53

It has been demonstrated in certain cases that the
installation of a simple machine has reduced the cost
very materially to even one-half or one-quarter of the pre-
vious cost. It has disillusioned the manager installing
the machine of the idea of keeping in service a worn-out
machine in cuttin down costs. It will pay to make a
comparative study of the capacities of the two machines,
the old and the new. In this way it will be found which
is the more economical and whether it will pay to retain
the old machine or install a. new one.

WASTEFUL ECONOMY

It is possible to be wasteful even in economy. A cer-
tain firm was some time ago persuaded to employ a system
of accountancy which was guaranteed to prevent dishon-
esty on the part of employees. After due consideration
the system was adopted and two additional men employed
at a salary of $700 a year.

At the end of the year it was found that one item
amounting to $5.75 had been saved. In other words th3y
had spent $1400 to save $5.75.

System is necessary but system that saves at the spigot
and wastes at the bung hole is an evil. It is system gone
mad.

System is designed to economize and facilitate, not
to waste and hinder.

THE RECIPE BOOK.

An alloy of 95 per cent, of copper and 5 per cent, of
aluminum is the nearest imitation of pure gold of any of

the known alloys.

• #. *

According to the Foundry, the proper proportions of
a copper alloy for soldering irons, copper hammers and
all copper castings which do not require high electric
conductivity, are obtained by mixing 96 pounds of copper
and 4 pounds of zinc. Two tablespoonsful of -salt should
he added to the copper when first charged. The zinc
should be added after the copper is melted. The mix-
ture is thoroughly stirred and- the metal is allowed to
superheat for a few minutes before being cast.

• ♦ *

An ingenious process of finishing high-speed gears has
been proposed, its theory being that low spots in mating
iriars will be built up as the gears are run together. The
method proposed is to electroplate the teeth with copper
while running them in a. suitable plating tank. The pro-
cess is the direct opposite of the wearing-down process
which, as every gear expert knows, is not conducive to the
besf results. — Machinery.

Experiments have now demonstrated the fact that the
cause of the rapid rusting of steel and iron in the form of
sheets, wire rods or tubing, is caused by the presence of
impurities. By the elimination of manganese and other
foreign elements in the iron, it has been found that it
will withstand corrosion to a far greater degree.

Tin' best lubricant for lathe audi grimier centers is a
mixture of powdered red lead (oxide of lead) ami lard
nil. When using this lubricant, if the nil dries mil (lie
centers do not cat, but simply fake on a high polish. This
mixture also works well for thread cutting, ami a much
smoother thread can be cut in tool steel than with plain
lard oil.

In a parsimoniously conducted shop, the management
refused to furnish lard oil for cutting purposes. The men
discovered an efficacious substitute in the machinery oil
that had been through the line-shaft bearings. The old
oil which was removed from the drip cups proved an
excellent lubricant for threading, etc.

To make a, wax for metal patternmakers' use: Rosin,
11 part; beeswax, 1 part; plaster of Paris, Vfe parts.
Heat the wax and rosin and stir in the plaster of Paris,
then add lampblack to make the desired color. Apply
this wax with a heated knife. After taking an impres-
sion of a casting with plaster of Paris, by pouring
molasses water around the edges, the plaster will be
loosened so that the cast can be removed without injuring
it. The molasses water will cause the plaster to stick to
itself and not the pattern. — Scientific American.

The following formula will be found very handy for
coloring brass a deep blue: Copper carbonate, 6.4 ounces;
ammonia hydrate, 3,200 cubic centimeters; water, 1 .600
cubic centimeters. The brass parts must be cleaned and
freed from all grease. A good way to clean them is to dip
them in gasoline. When clean, dip the brass into the
solution, and let it remain therein about ten minutes.
Then take it out of the bath and rinse in clear water.
The 'brass will have a deep >blue color, which will not

tarnish or rub off.

• * *

Cast nickel-bronze gears are, according to Castings,
employed in certain cases in which cast-iron gears have
not the necessary strength and toughness, and cast-steel
gears are unsatisfactory on account of their lack of uni-
formity. The alloy for these gears consists of 86 per
cent of copper, 10 per cent, of tin. 3 per cent, of nickel.
and 1 per cent, of 5 per cent, phosphor-tin. The. nickel
is melted with about 25 per cent, of the copper, after
which the rest of the copper is added. Then the tin is
added, and finally the phosphor-tin,- the mixture being well

stirred.

* » *

This lubricates the rams and valves and prevents pack-
ing from becoming hard:

Secure a clean, empty barrel. Into' the empty barrel
place 5 pounds sal soda (the addition of 3 or 10 gallons
of hot water will readily dissolve the soda), then fill the
barrel half full of water, agitating same, so that the soda,
and water will be thoroughly mixed and dissolved. When
done, and not before, add 3 gallons of mineral lard oil.
This mixture will turn white, resembling milk: then fill
balance of barrel with water, mix well, and the solution
is ready for charging the hydraulic system. — American
Machinist.

<: * g

Iii a paper presented before the American Society for
Testing Materials, dealing with cupro-niekel steel, it is
noted that alloys rarr-ying from 5 to 20 per cent, copper,
which without nickel would he extremely hard and brittle
become, by the addition of nickel in proportion of 20 to
50 per cent., highly ductile and easily niachineable. . .

To anneal steel having hard and soft spots, remove the
scale, ami heat slowly and evenly to a little above a dark
led. Immerse in fresh water until almost cool. Heat
immediately to a dark red and anneal in the usual way.

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

What the Hydro-Electric Means to the Power User

Turning on the Power at Berlin, Octob
ment Distribution of Power in Ontario

THE celebration at Berlin on October
eminent distribution ill Ontario.
11 marked the beginning of gov-
Among those present were Hon. A- Beck,
chairman of the Hydro-Electric Power
Commission ; General Green president of
the Ontario Power Co.; and F. H. Mc-
Guigan who had the construction con-
tract.

The following municipalities have con-
tracted for power in Western Ontario:
Windsor, 15,000; Toronto, 10,000; Lon-
don, 5.000; Guelph 2,500; St. Thomas,
1.500; Woodstock, 1,200; Gait, 1,200;
Hamilton, Stratford and Berlin, each
1,000; Waterloo, 685; Preston, GOO; St.
Marys. Paris. Ingersoll, Brampton and
Tillsonburg, each 500 ; Hespeler, 400 ;
Mitchell and Seaforth, 300; New Ham-
burg. 2:50; Norwich, 150; and Sebring-
ville 100.

Niagara Transmission Station.
The Hydro-Electric Power Commis-
sion have built the necessary transmis-
sion station at Niagara Falls for the
distribution of this power. This trans-
former house is about half a mile back
from the transmitting station of the On-
tario Power Co., from whom all their
power is obtained. The building meas-
ures approximately 45 ft. by 184 ft.,
and. as at present constructed, will ac-
commodate half the contemplated final
installation. This necessitated the erec-
tion of slightly over half the projected
building, as the controlling end is com-
plete, with one wing built north from it.
A similar wing is to be built at some fu-
ture date. The present building will ac-
cormnodete 36.000 k.w.

Power is transmitted at 12,000 voit
from the Ontario Power Co. 's transmit-
ting station, through a tunnel, through
oil switches in the basement, from which
it is led to 3 banks of three 3,000 k.w.
transformers delta connected on the low,
and star connected on the high. These
transformers raise the voltage to 63,000
volts across each phase, and as this high
side is star connected, a line voltage
of 110,000 volts is produced.

The centre of the distributing system
is at Dundas seven miles from Hamilton.
The total length at present installed i-
290 miles.

er 1 0, Marks the Beginning of Govern-
-Power Equipment Exhibition at Berlin.

Five districts will be served with hy-
dro-electrie power by the Hydro-Electric
Power Commission. In addition to
Western Ontario, there are Port Arthur
in the north-west; Ottawa in the east;
Prescott and Morrisburg in the east, and
Belleville, Port Hope, Trenton, Napance
and Kingston in the central district.

"Cheap Power."
This has been the result of the cam-
paign for cheap power in Ontario. Pow-
er will be supplied at cost to the various

municipalities. A favorable manufac-
turing region of about 18,000 miles has
been created in Western Ontario.
Exhibits at Berlin.
At the "turning on of the Niagara
Power" at Berlin, were a number of ex-
hibits of electrical machinery and sup-
plies, the companies exhibiting being
Chapman Double Ball Bearing Co., Can-
adian General Electric Co., Factory Pro-
iluets Co., G. C. Royce, Death & Watson,
Holman Electric Sign Co., Federal En-
gineering & Supply Co., A. H. W. Join-
er, Simplex Co., and Northern Electric
& Mfg. Co., Toronto; Onward Mfg. Co.,
Berlin; and Canadian Tungsten Lamp
Co., and Canadian Westinghouse Co.,
Hamilton.

Clutches Reduce Power Consumed in Machine Shop

By Using Clutches, Belts not Under Load Remain Idle, Loose Pulleys
not being Necessary — They Reduce Consumption of Power, as De-
partments can be Disconnected when not in Use— Other Advantages.

MANUFACTURERS and their so- and the shaft consumes power, and belts
perintendents, master median- as they pass around the loose pulleys
ics, and foremen, are finding and their drivers, consume more power.
that clutches result in a great many The resistance of the air to the rotation
cases in a large saving of power. When »f the pulley arms consumes a much
not under load, the belts remain idle.
and eliminate the continual stretch ami
contraction of belts while travelling
around loose pulleys and their driver*

They greatly reduce the consumption
of power, as machines or departments
can be disconnected when not in use. o*
shut down for repairs, without interfer-
ing with other parts of the plant.

They enable shafting or machines to
be instantly stopped in case of accidents,
and reduce the risk of accidents, by en-
abling all equipment not in use to re-
main idle, thereby improving the condi-
tions of employes, and so assisting the
employer to secure the most valuable
help.

They enable motors and gas or gas-
oline engines to pick up their speed be-
fore the application of the load.
Lost Energy.

One of the important items of over-
head expense in connection with every
manufacturing establishment, is the an-
nual power bill, and a large percentage
of power is often expended on useless or
lost energy.

Many machines consume more power
in themselves than in the actual work
they do, and these machines are not al-
ways provided with even loose pulleys.
The friction between the loose pulleys

85 h.p.

Clutch Made by Positive Clutch and
Pulley Works. Toronto.

larger amount, and lastly the power con-
sumed to overcome the friction between
t lie shaft and the bearings is approx-
imately 10 per cent, of the total con-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

55

sumption. A manager would probably
be astonished at the total of these items.
and the cost of a clutch to disconnect
that entire department from the main
shaft would appear as a very small frac-
tion of that grand total.

Again referring to the idle depart-
ment; the loose pulley sleeves wear away
and must be renewed, while the combin-
ed weight of shafting, pulleys, belts and
belt tension shorten the life of the bear-
ings. These repairs and renewals cost
money for both labor and material, and
very often necessitate shutting down tho
entire plant until they are completed.
Then again all this running equipment
requires lubrication whether in use or
not. These are important matters, and
the saving which would be effected in
the upkeep and maintenance of plant is
well worth the price of a clutch or two.
Positive Clutch.

The clutch shown in the illustration
is one recently shipped to W. J. Bald-
win. Aurora. It is an 85 h.p., running
at 100 r.p.m. A similar one has been
installed at the works of the Gendron
Mfg. Co.. Toronto. The gas engine is
allowed to pick up its speed before the
load is applied through the clutch.

The "Positive" clutch is a combined
jaw and friction clutch. The load is
gradually picked up by friction, the jaw
giving a positive drive under load. The
jaws are so constructed that in move-
ment they are free from sliding contact
and bear only when engaged, which also
enables them to be freely withdrawn.
AYhen it is desired to disengage the
clutch, the frictions take the load from
the jaws before they commence to dis-
engage. By means of springs the fric-
tions and jaws are prevented from en-
gaging or disengaging except by the 08 !
of live operating lever, while at the same
lime the springs are arranged to operate
t he jaws when the clutch is being en-
gaged and disengaged. All parts of this
clutch which run on the shaft are pro-
vided with permanent graphite lubrica-
tion. The pulley sleeves are made to
standard diameters to correspond with
the standard bores of pulleys and all
parts made interchangeable, which en-
ables a pulley clutch or clutch coupling
to be converted into the other, or used
on different sizes of shafts.

CUTTING BELT LACES.

By A. D. Scott.

Here is a little kink on splitting belt
laces from tho hide, or cutting' a nar-
row lace from a wide one. In the
sketch AA represent the jaws of a vise.
B is a piece of board with knife blade
C firmly driven in at a distance from
the vise jaw equal to the width of lace
required. D is the lace being cut.

The end of the hide, or lace, is first
cut for three or four inches, as at E,
then placed over the knife blade as
shown, and pulled in the direction of
the arrow, while the edge of the lace is

Cutting Belt Laces.

guided along the vise jaw. It, of
course, requires two persons to do this.
Anyone who uses the lace-eutting de-
vice which slips over the fore-finger,
and when in use nearly disjoints that
member, will find this knife a real bless-
ing.— American Machinist.

SIZE OF PIPE.

By W. Oelschlager.
An easy method to ascertain the size
pipe required to unite two pipes into
one, so that the one shall have the same

-H'lM't'l'-l'I'jM^r'I'I'j'I'AT-ty

Jg»

Size of Pipe.

area as the two. Say it is desired to
unite a 4-inch and an 8 inch, take an
ordinary carpenters' square, measure
diagonally across with a rule from the
4 inch mark on the one blade to the
8 inch mark on the other blade, which
will be about 8 15-16 inch or 9 inch
pipe.

SAVING ELECTRICITY.

Tungsten lamps are coming to the
front because they save electricity. In
appearance, their only difference from
the ordinary carbon filament incandes-
cent lamp is that the filament is con-
structed of tungsten instead of carbon.
But in actual use, it has been proved that
they use only about one-third as much
current as a carbon lamp to produce
a light of the sarnie illuminating
power. True, their first cost is great-
er (approximately three times as
much), but this is counterbalanc-
ed by the saving in current effect-
ed. They have one weak point, however.
That is the ease with which the delicate

tungsten filament is broken. On this ac-
count great care has to be exercised in
installing them, and it is for this reason,
too, that they cannot be economically
used as portable lamps. Yet, when care-
fully handled, they have a long lease of
life. In England, where they are used
much more extensively than here, it is
quite common for them to last 3,000
hours, and one instance is on record
where a tungsten lamp burned continu-
ously for over 15,000 hours. Even when
allowance is made for more frequent
breakage, the tungsten lamp shows a sav-
ing over the carbon of about fifty per
cent. That is an economy not to he de-
spised and points to the much greater
use for stationary lighting purposes.

BRAZING WITH KEROSENE.

By Frank C. Perkins.

The construction and method of oper-
ation of a kerosene oil toreh designed
for light brazing, wiping joints and simi-
lar heating operations may be noted in
operation in the accompanying illustra-
tion. This portable blow torch is very
efficient, producing an intense clear
flame. Tt will be seen that the burner

Brazing a Cup Joint With Kerosene Lam

is mounted directly on lop of the tank
and was designed for the use of kero-
sene oil as a fuel..

The pump is fitted inside of the tank
and the flame may easily be regulated.
This torch is said to be more suitable for
general shop work than the gasoline de-
vice and has an oil consumption of y2
pint per hour, with a capacity for 4
hours' service. A similar torch of a
capacity of one gallon for greater heat-
ing service, has an oil consumption of
three pints per hour.

Essentials of Success in Machine Tool Advertising

Selecting Mediums, Getting Inside the Shop, Filling Space, and Answering
the " Whys" — A Careful Consideration of Machine Tool Advertising.

By T. S. Bentley *

It lias been said that however good
an article may be. three things are es-
sential t» secure its success, viz.. 1st. Ad-
vertise. 2nd. Advertise, 3rd, ADVER-
TISE.

This forma a good example of t he old
proverb "there is many a true word
spoken in jest." The words sound flip-
pantly epigrammatic*!, but they embody
a truth thai has been proved times with-
out number, and which must never be
lost sight of by those who would se-
cure and retain a leading place in any
line of trade.

The subject of advertising is so vast
and complex that whole books might be
written about it without exhausting all
its manifold phases. Such a treatise
would be too elaborate to appeal to the
ordinary advertiser, and its circulation
would be very limited: nevertheless, a
few practical remarks an this subject,
addressed to the manufacturer and spec-
ially referring to the class of goods iii
which he is interested, may well prove
both timely and suggestive.

The makers of machinery — and more
particularly of machine tools — form
-ni-li an important manafaeturing class
as to have literature all its own. with
subdivisions which circulate for the
most part in comparatively distinct and
well-defined circles. This fact lias an
important bearing on the question under
discussion, as it produces conditions en-
tirely different from those which apply
to general advertising in ordinary per-
iodicals, or the daily press.

It will therefore be well to consider
carefully some of the more important
aspects of machine tool advertising,
with a view to securing the best possible
return for the money expended.

Selecting the Mediums

There are many considerations which
intluence, to a greater or less degree.

* (it Charles Churchill & Co., Ltd., London,
In Selling Magazine.

the selection of the advertising medium
that shall be employed; and it is of
t he most vital importance that their true
relative value should be clearly recog-
nized. Comparative cost is sure to weigh
heavily in such deliberations — it is i
matter which cannot be ignored — but i;
must not he allowed to overshadow other
things which are really more essentia i
to the advertiser's interests. It should
never he forgoten that, whatever may
he the ease in other connections. 10

v ** * ******** ************ ***

S THROW ON THE LIGHT 2

2 *

ft ,, . . ... at

V "VTOUR business principles may

J* * be right; your goods the at

5 best ; your service to customers

ft faultless ^

ft BUT THE PUBLIC 2,

ft HAS GOT TO KNOW at

ft Qf

ft Keep always your talking points u

before the pub'ic. Get in the at

5 glare of favorable publicity. Make ft

jj- known the merits of your proposi- 9

ft tion. at

ft **

„ Success comes by focusing the 2

ft diverging rays of public opinion-- at

ft centering buyers' choice on what ft

S you have to offer.

ft Make your ability, your com- ft

JjJ modity, your service KNOWN.

*> _ at

» ^^ at

5 THROW ON THE LIGHT g

the matter of advertising it is pretty
certain to be the patrons of the bargain
counter who are ultimately "sold.''
"The real worth of anything." says
the proverb, "is just as much as it will
bring; ".and in the long run this dictum
will he found to be very near the mark.
Certainly, in the matter of payment for
advertising space, the prior charged
generally bears a close relationship tu
the true value of its potential results.
Thus it will be found that in this nun,'
than in almost anything else, "the h si

is the cheapest,"' and the apparently
(heap is in reality "dear at any price.''

Having decided to select one of the
best — and, therefore, most costly — ad-
vertising mediums, the question arises as
to which of the leading journals slia'.l
have the preference.

Naturally, one with a large circula-
tion will he favored (and this point is
always made the most of by the ad-
vertising managers of the various jour-
nals;) but the essential thing is not
the mere number of copies issued, but
the number carefully read by those who
are likely to purchase the tools offered.
A paper with a large circulation among
manufacturers and employers of labor.
therefore, fulfills one of the essential
conditions; but this is not all.

Getting Inside the Shop.

It must be borne in mind that there
are many men in factories and work-
shops who, while never likely to be pur-
chasers of machinery themselves, have
a very considerable influence as to which
of a number of competing makes shall
be chosen for installation in the shops
with which they happen to be connected.
A journal which is not only popular in
the office, but is also diligently studied by
the workers in the shop is, therefore, of
double value as an advertising medium.
The number of publications which ful-
fill both of these conditions is so limited
that the decision should be an extremely
simple affair.

When the choice lias been made and
the space hooked, the next thing is to
study how to make the best use of it.
so as to secure the maximum result
from the outlay involved. Naturally,
the conditions vary in every case, and
each must he considered individually
and on its merits. The kind of tools to
be pushed; whether a single specially
or a line including some amount of var-
iety; whether the goods offered are such
as to call for a continuous demand from
such as use them, or things which are
bought once for all and seldom require
to he duplicated in ordinary eases. All
these tilings must be considered in the
advertising.

The hist object of ail advertisement
is to arrest attention, t'nless it catches
the eye readily, it will reach only a por-
tion of those at whom it is aimed, and

CANADIAN MACHINERY

57

fail of its purpose with regard to all
(he rest. It must be so striking that i!
cannot easily be passed over. This may
be achieved in a variety of ways, and
the choice will depend on circumstances.

Filling the Space.

Some prefer to utilize the bulk ol
their space by inserting a large and
striking block showing some typical spec-
imen of their product. In many eases
this is a thoroughly good policy, as it,
serves to catch the eye and also to give
:it a glance a general idea as to the prin-
cipal characteristics of the machine re-
ferred to. As a general rule, this course
is far preferable to filling the space
with a lot of closely-printed matter
which — however good in itself — seldom
draws much business, as it is read by
few

Naturally, the kind of treatment ad-
opted must depend largely on the amount
of money which can be devoted to this
purpose. It is often a question of choice
between a small space in a first-class
journal and a larger space in one whose
rates are cheaprr.

Now, while the decision must be made
in each case by those most concerned,
as a general rule it is preferable to
choose the better paper and its larger
and more promising circle of readers
rather than to be led away by the ap-
parent bargain offered by the cheap r
rate per inch without duly considering
the difference in circulation, both as In
extent and value.

Answering the "Whys"

•"Why should I advertise?" Bays oae.
"My trade is good, orders are plentiful,
my factory is working under full pres-
sure; I have all the business I can take
(are of." Quite so, but the boom will
come to an end and a reaction will
Follow — then you will want all you can
get. During the rush, machine tools
have been eagerly sought and ardently
desired. At such a time personal pre-
dilections are largely put aside, and pur-
chasers are willing to consider the claims
of unfamiliar makes which they have
hitherto ignored. Here is the oppor-
tunity to extend your connection and ob-
tain valuable business. On the other.
hand, if your name is a "household
word," advertising has made it so: and
if you fail to persevere, you give yo>ir
rival just what he has been so patiently
waiting for— the opportunity to usurp
your envied position in the glare of the
limelight.

Presently the slump comes. "I niii.-t
reduce advertising expenses can'1 af-
ford to keep it up." says another. Bui
can you afford to stop? Especially now,
of all times, when Hie competition for
all the trade which is going is keener and

more determined than ever. Money
spent in judicious advertising is not
thrown away.

"What is the good of attracting more
orders than I can fill?" This is a mat-
ter that concerns the present in that
it allows you to pick your customers;
to avoid bad debts and doubtful chances;
and retain those buyers who order free-
ly and pay promptly. It also concerns
the future, when the pressure shall have
relaxed and demand is on the ebb. It
is human nature to desire anything the
more ardently if it is in such request
:;s to be almost unobtainable This will
not only result in putting a premium on
the article at the time, but will predis-
pose those who failed in their attempt
to obtain it then, to take advantage of
the opportunity if it should arise again.
— Advertising and Selling.

OPEN HEARTH REPORT SHEET.

The Ontario Iron and Steel Co.j at
their Welland plant, have the only
basic open hearth steel mill in Canada.
Being a large concern, everything is
well systematized, the accompanying cut
showing the system used in recording
the constituents entering the steel com-
position.

^\s shown, the same sheet is used for
both foundry and steel mill for record-
ing the composition of the castings ami
the ingots produced.

It will be noticed that under both
"Ingots" and "Castings" there are
four columns, the first giving the actual
weight of the particular ingredient, and
the second column, the percentage that

ONTARIO WON AND STEEL CO. LlMITITO
OPEN HCAffTH

""

—

-■-

---

- —

rrrrr"

Se*-

'•==-

"III

:^l1Z~i'"i — ■*•" —

■

— _ — _ .

•^t±f.

„ „ -_

T£? :

- 14-iU.

Jglia ■

U.KBHL-

- - ■ -

IW. Inarm*

i—

JUWi .

—

* ■"■^- .

- =

■

-

that ingredient is of the gross metal.
The next pair of columns are for simi-
lar entries for the weights and percent-
ages to date for that month. A similar
double entry is made for castings.

Looking down the columns, it will be
noticed that the constituents are group-
ed. The first group is of the basis of
the mixture of the steel, — the pig irons.
Various kinds of pig iron are used, their
names being entered after the pig iron
in the spaces left. In this group is en-
tered the iron in the recarbonizers re-
ferred to later. Summing these entries
gives the total pig iron, and the per-
centage that it bears to the gross metal
for both the day and the month.

A similar grouping is made for the
steel and wrought iron ingredients,
which are also totaled and the percent-
age taken.

In like manner are the recarbonizers
and scale products introduced. The sum
of all these groups gives the gross
metals.

The following group represents the
losses incidental to pouring, etc. This
metal is counted out for each pour, but,
as it is still good, the next day it will be
introduced again. This is shown in the
second group where such entries as "pit
sera])" etc., corresponding to the column
under discussion. This scrap, deducted
from the gross scrap, gives the net metal
or the effective pour.

The last group contains figures inci-
dental to any heat, such for example as
the Limestone and Fluor Spar used as
fluxes in the basic process. The fuel
consumed, gas consumed, and such fluxes
as Dolomite, etc., are also given, and
various other observed data in connec-
tion with each run.

This system of recording gives an ex-
cellent count on the product.

SOLVING IDLE MACHINE PROBLEM

Production was greatly increased in
one factory by having a man go through
all departments of the plant every hour
to make notes of every idle machine at
that time. The machines were all num-
bered, and as those who were respon-
sible for keeping the belts on the tight
pulley knew that hourly reports were
made to the manager and scheduled.
stop< were minimized. — "Factory."

The Dominion Government has ap-
pointed Charles McDonald, of Guelph.
to- succeed Mr. Fitzraaurice on the Que-
bec Bridge Commission. Mr. Fitzmaur-
ice. an eminent Fnglish construction
engineer, has resigned because of con-
tinued ill-health. Mr. McDonald was
chief engineer of the American Bridge
Co., and has had to do with some of the
largest bridge contracts carrv&d through
by that corporation,

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

HAND WHEEL PATTERN.

By H. J. McCaslin.

While visiting a neighboring pattern

shop recently, a 15-inch dished hand

wheel pattern, similar to that shown in

Pig. 1.— Handy Wheel Pattern.

Fig. 1, and which had just been complet-
ed, was noticed. In answer to an in-
quiry as to the length of time the job
required, I was informed that 22 hours
were expended in its completion. Re-
marking that I thought the time was a
little .excessive, attention was called to
the manner in which the rim was glued

Pig. 2.— Handy Wheel Pattern.

up in three courses of segments, and
the arms built in daring this operation,
and the time it took in completing the
contour of the rim between the arms,
that could not be turned.

Now, the man who put up the job was
evidently a clean workman and put that
much time upon the pattern, but did the
job justify an expense of about $8.25 ?

The incident left that impression that
should a similar job come my way (which
did sooner than was expected), it would
not take as long a time to deliver the
casting to the assemblers.

Cutting the Time.

My calculations did not go amiss, for
a total of 17 hours was required in de-
livery and placing the wheel upon the
shaft.

Nine hours were consumed in making
the pattern, three hours in getting it
through the foundry, and five hours fac-
ing and boring the butt and turning and
polishing that portion of the rim shown
at A, and smoothing up the arms.

This was not a break-down, or break-
neck job to see what could be done, or by
how much the other fellow could be
beaten.

The job went through in the usual way.
but with a little judgment and fore-
thought in the making of the pattern,
the before mentioned results were ob-
tained, without any exertion.

As we made the pattern in 13 hours
less than the case quoted an inscription
as to how the job was handled might in-
terest some of your readers.

Procedure.
First, the rim was glued up, there be-
ing five arms and a similar number of
segments. These segments were made the
usual way and fitted together. Their
abutting ends were then passed over the
rip saw and scarfed for the insertion of
a l"xlj" tongue, as shown at B, Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.— Handy Wheel Pattern.

The cross C shown in Fig. 2, was next
roughly checked and glued together and
put aside to dry, when the arms and
hub next received our attention.

A full size plan and radial section of
an arm and the rim, was next laid out
upon J" stock, which was subsequently
cut out and used as a templet for lay-
ing of the shape of the arms upon two
faces of the blocks shown in Fig. 3.
The elevation lines D, Fig. 3 of the arms
were first sawed out, the sawed off ma-
terial E and F lightly braded back in
place, and the plan G of arm sawed out,
leaving about a 4 inch tenent, as shown
at H, for securing the arm into the rim.

With the exception of the filet I, the
arms were rounded over and the cope
and drag hub turned and the turning
of the rim followed in order. The cross
was carefully marked from the rim ma-
terial, and so sawed that it would snugly
enter the inner diameter of segments, in
which position it was glued and a screw
inserted from the outside, as shown at
J. Fig. 2.

The advantage of using a cross in this
way is that it permits the turning of
practically the entire contour of rim
without reehucking. For when the fin-
ished surface of rim has been extended
from the front to the back of the cross
the screws through the rim were removed
and the turning continued by catting
into the cross. But before doing so.
about i-inch of the rim contour between
two arms of the cross was completed
with the aid of a knife and templet. Ii
will be readily seen that this finished sec-
tion of rim, acted as a guide eliminat-
ing the stopping of the lathe to try H
templet.

Now by following this pass or com-
pleted surface and alternately turning
a little from one side and then the other,
the rim was practically completed and
separated from the cross.

Mortises were then marked off and
cut into the rim as shown at L, Fig. 1 .
to receive the arm, by boring holes and
cutting away between.

With that portion of hub shown at K
blocked up to suit the disk of arm, the
rim was centrally located abont it and
braded down.

The arms were then fitted into place
one at a time, being glued into the rim
and also together at the centre.

The last arm acting somewhat as a
key to secure the spider in place.

The balance of the hub was next at-
tached the fillets I worked into the rim
and our job was ready to be varnished.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

59

CLEANING MOLDS.

The accompanying sketch shows a
simple device used in the steel foundry
of the Ontario Iron and Steel Co., Wet-
land, for blowing out dust, etc., from
deep molds, which cannot be very well
reached by the ordinary molding tools,
owing to inaeessibility.

The device consists of three pieces of
£ inch pipe, united by the T connection
shown at C. The end A is connected t >
an air supply, and the ends B and D are
left open. The arm ACB forms the han-
dle, and the arm CD projects into the
mold.

5?

Up

Apparatus for Cleaning Molds.

Either a blast or a suction can be
created at D by proper manipulation at
B. If air be allowed from A into the
piping, it will rush across, through C
and out B, creating a vacuum at D, the
extent of which depends on the pres-
sure at A, which is controlled by a valve.
This will lift ordinary dust and small
particles through D, and eject them al
B. To remove particles in the mold by
a 'blast, placing the hand over end B,
diverts the flow of air, and sends it out
D instead of B. The intensity depends
on the extent of closure at B.

PREPARING CORE SAND

A new process of preparing core sand
with a liquid binder has been developed
by Jacob S. Robeson, of the Robeson
Process Co., manufacturer of glutrin,
Grand Mere, P. Q., and Au Sable Porks
N.Y. Core sand mixtures, as generally
prepared, lack uniformity and to effect
a more intimate mixture of the liquid
binding agent with the sand, the appar-
atus shown in the accompanying illus-
tration is used. It will be noted that
A is a sand drying chamber, fitted with
a spout discharging into a hopper, from
which it is delivered through a funnel-
shaped spout to a rotary screen, B,
which sifts the sand. This screen is so
located that the liquid binder, in a fine-
ly divided state, may be discharged
against and through the material as it
leaves the screen. The tank containing
the liquid binder is illustrated at C,
and is provided with a pipe which de-
livers the binder to a discharge pipe
connected with a blower. The discharge
pipe has a flaring nozzle, E, through
which the liquid binder, under the de-

sired pressure, is discharged in a fine
•stream or atomized condition, in a sub-
stantially horizontal plane, against and
through the falling sand as it is deliv-
ered by the screen. Instead of a blower,
steam may be delivered to the discharge
pipe from a steam boiler, D, which is
indicated by dotted lines.

The spraying of the liquid binder in a
finely divided condition, either under
air or steam pressure, results in such
an intimate admixture of the binder
with the sand that a smaller amount of
the binder is required than in ordinary
practice, and in addition, better results
are obtained. Every grain of sand re-
ceives a coating of the binder, and the
mechanical bond produced by this treat-
ment of the sand is greater than that
produced by adding the binder in the
old way, and the saving in the amount

Apparatus Used in Preparing Core Sand.

of binder required approximates 30 per
cent. Furthermore, a greater quantity
of old sand may be used with such a
mixture. While compressed air is pre-
ferred as the means for separating the
binder and for mixing it with the sand,
it may be possible, under some condi-
tions, to use the binder in a denser
state and to employ steam, under pres-
sure, as the means of discharging it
against the sand. This steam will carry
such a content of water as will provide
a given quantity of binder with an
amount of moisture equal to that sup-
plied in bulk, when compressed air is
employed as the medium for discharging
the binder against the sand. The diffi-
culty, however, of determining this
water content of the steam, and the
danger of adding from such steam an
excess of moisture which would serious-
ly affect the adhesive quality of the
binding agent, and consequently the
character of the core, has led the in-
ventor to prefer the use of compressed
air. In most foundries both air and
steam are accessible, and under the
most favorable conditions, steam might
be employed. The patent granted Mr.

Robeson not only covers the process as
relating to the preparation of material
for the manufacture of cores, but also
for the manufacture of briquettes from
coal, or other fuel, iron or other ores,
etc.

IMPROVED EMERGENCY CUPOLA.

George Green & Co., foundry engin-
eers, of Keighley, Yorkshire, England,
have introduced a small cupola for
melting from 1 to 10 cwts. of iron per
hour. This cupola has already been
taken up by a considerable number of
foundtymen who desired to commence
iron-founding in a small way, or wished
to have at hand a small cupola which
will cope at little expense with small
heats of iron varying from 1 to 10
cwts. Ordinary foundry coke is used
for fuel, and the furnace will produce
molten iron at the spout about ten
minutes after setting on the blast. The
"emergency" cupola is very useful for
test mixtures, and also for engineers
who carry out repairs.

Mine managers will find it a great con-
venience in the event of a breakdown in
machininery which needs immediate re-
pair, in order to avoid disturbance of
work and consequent loss. A mine is
often situated a long distance from a
foundry, and in such cases the "emer-
gency" cupola is of special value, as it
provides at small cost, coupled with

Improved Emergency Cupola.

great efficiency, the means wherewith to
make a casting for repair work on the
spot, without delay. The Taquah Min-
ing and Exploration Co., Ltd., of West
Africa are amongst the users of this
cupola.

IMPROPER GATING OF COPPER
CASTINGS.

We are making copper castings by the
use of silicon-copper, and cannot get
them clean, as dirt shows when the-
scale is machined off, We use ingot cop-

6o

CANADIAN MACHINERY

per, with two per cent, of silicon-copper
and pour the metal hot. The castings
are quite heavy.— Inquirer.

The dirt is caused by improper gating,
and the fact that there is scale on the
tastings shows they are being poured
too hot. Copper containing silicon is
very fluid and does not need to be pour-
ed as hot as when zinc is used. It is
very similar in casting properties to al-
loys containing aluminum, and has to
enter the mold with extreme quietness
to avoid the formation of dross. As we
do not know the shape of your castings,
it is difficult to advise as to how they
should be gated. The following rules,
however, can be applied in all cases :
The metal should enter the mold at the
lowest possible point and should always
rise, never drop. The gate at which it
enters can be quite small, the heavy por-
tions of the casting being fed by risers,
and sometimes the latter will have to
be placed directly on the castings, as in
the case of steel. A flat heavy slab, for
instance, should have the mold steeply
inclined, the metal being poured in at
the lowest end, so that it gently rolls
up hill and into a heavy riser, which
feeds the casting and receives any dirt.
Never gate such castings with two or
more gates in such a manner that the
streams of metal Impinge. Therefore,
change your method of gating and pour
the metal cooler.— Foundry.

SPECIMENS WANTED FOR RE-
SEARCH.

Knowledge of the true cause of glob-
ules in gas cavities, solidly encased shot
iron, barf streaks or spots in castings,
and white iron inside of gray Or sott
iron, is greatly required. The theories
and suppositions of the past do not
satisfactorily explain causes, nor tender
positive remedies. A collection of sam-
ples containing the above defects ac-
companied with the following details of
conditions, to enable a thorough investi-
gation of the subject, which should prove
of much value in assisting to obtain
more accurate information than exists.
are solicited by Thos. D. West. 10,511
Pasadena avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. Sam-
ples of defects and information request-
ed as below will be gladly received from
foreign countries as well as the United
States up to the end of this year.

In forwarding any specimens informa-
tion is desired upon the following points

m far as practicable:

First, character of the pig and scrap,
fuel and any flux used in melting the
mixture, also state if anything unusual
occurred or was observed during the
heal. Grade of the iron produced in
being soft, medium or hard, or better
still an analysis of the Casting.

Second, a rough sketch of the eastings
showing its form and thickness of the

different sections as far as feasible, also
marking the location of the sample that
is forwarded.

Third, whether the mold was green-
- ii 1 1 < 1 . skin-dried, dry-sand or loam, and
a description of the gating and pouring.

Fourth, whether the metal at the time
of being tapped, as well as being poured
into the mold, was "hot," medium or
'•dull.' and any other information as
far as convenient that might be thought
of value in assisting flu intelligent
modern research of the subject.

The results of this investigation will
be given to the trade through the medi-
um of a paper to some one of our foun-
dry or engineering societies.

PRACTICAL USE OF ABRASIVE
WHEELS IN FOUNDRIES.*

The principal factor in the successful
adoption of an abrasive wheel is a know-
ledge of the practical operating condi-
tions under which these wheels should
run for economical results

The first essential in the successful
adoption of a grinding equipment of any
size is the disposition on the part of the
management making the installation to
operate under conditions to produce
practical results.

Safety Collars.

The method of controlling the factor
of safety t'o the operator should be de-
termined, whether by safety collars,
which are tapered if possible on the con-
cave side % inch lii the foot, so that the
wheels may be tapered convexly accord-
ingly. In this case, where the nature of
the work will permit, the maximum
amount of wheel exposed beyond the
edge, or rim. of these collars should be
2 inches and the collars changed as the
wheels wear; or by the use of substantial
hoods in cases where it is necessary to
use wheels with straight sides, owing to
the nature of the work to be ground, or
by the use of both hoods and collars.
Wherever possible, the general results
will be more satisfactory, when die safety
collars are used. If a wheel breaks in
service, these collars, which should be
at least %-inch thick and made from
east steel for wheels 24 inches in dia-
meter, will hold the pieces together.
Grinding Stands.
After determining t'he size of the
wheel, it is necessary to have machines
solidly set on good foundations with a
heavy spindle in long bearings thai can
be kepi well-lubricated, having all vibra-
tion eliminated when carrying the load
of the wheels with the additional weight

of the heaviest safety collars Thai are

1.0 be Used. For a 2lx2-inrli whee1. with

• Abstract of b i»h«t prcscntc! at the October
meeting of the Pltteburg Foundrymen'e Associa-
tion,

these safety collars, the spindle should
be at least 21/, inches between the
Ranges where the wheel is mounted, and
for 24-inch wheels heavier than this, the
spindle should be at least 2V-> inches
diameter and the bearings not less than
12 inches long. This applies to floor
stands for foundry practice, especially
where the work is of a heavy nature. In
addition to this, in all steel foundries.
excepting crucible plants where nothing
but very small castings are made, and
many malleable iron foundries where
there is sufficient work of a heavy na-
ture, the most economical machines that
can be installed are swinging frame
grinders. These machines should be
driven with Hat belts, having a spindle
at least 2 inches in diameter, for carry-
ing 18. 20 or 24 inches wheels. The wheel
spindle should be driven by at least a
4-inch double belt.

Power.

After investing in this equipment, am-
ple power for driving these mae'hines
should be provided to keep the wheel
operating under the proper speed, while
it is at its highest pressure of service.
On the floor stand, operating two 24-iuch
wheels, where two men are working. 10
horse-power should be provided, and on
a swing frame grinder, operating one 20-
inch wheel, 2 or 21-^ inches face, if driv-
en by belt power, the countershaft should
be driven by a 6-inch belt. In operating
one of these machines, with a motor
connected to the countershaft, which
must drive the belt and absorb
the friction necessary, not less than a
7' j horse-power motor should be used,
preferably 10 horse-power: but where t'he
motor is mounted on a bracket at th.>
elbow of this machine, the belt being
connected direct from the motor pulley
to the pulley on the wheel head, a 71 ■<
horse-power motor is ample, and in some
cases 5 horse-power has proven entirely
satisfactory.

Operating Speeds.
To the adoption of the safety collar
is accountable economical operating con-
ditions more than to any other factor.
in (hat it lias enabled the adoption of
speeds which bring results with safely.
The practical safe limit for running
abrasive wheels with straight sides is .">.-
000 feet per minute peripheral speed,
and even then it is quite hazardous un-
less these wheels are carefully protected
with hoods. With the safety collars pro-
perly used, one can operate more safely
at 6500 feet per minute peripheral speed
than to operate the straight wheels ai
5,000 feel, with the additional advantage
of an increased output. Those operating
in accordance with these suggestions will
secure (he highest degree of efficiency
obtainable in foundry work, and the
writer's experience has been that (5,500

CANADIAN MACHINERY

61

feet has proven to be the most eeonom-
ieal speed al which to run.
Cup Wheels.
The use of cup wheels, sometimes eall-

ed tnh wheels, should, ;vt all limes, be
avoided. They are the most dangerous
of abrasive whee's and in their stead,
where il is necessary to do face grind-
ing, a good substantial chuck should be
used, with a cylinder wheel which has
no back. It is apparent thai a cup or
tub wheel, which, for instance, may he
12 inches in diameter, (i inches high, with
2 inches, or more, thickness of rim and
a back 1 or V/2 inches thick, that the
centrifugal strain of this heavy rim pull-
ing on lighter binding point, compels the
running of these wheels very slow to
keep within any reasonable lines of
safety. Were this made without the
back, and the cylinder completely sur-
rounded! with an adjustable chuck where-
by the wheel can be fed forward as worn,
a higher speed might be maintained with
perfect safely. A cup wheel should noi
be run more than 3,500 or 3,800 peri-
pheral feet per minute, depending on
I he thickness of the rim. whereas a ring
wheel may be run approximately 5,000
feet per minute.

PATTERNMAKER'S SAWING

CLEAT.

By K. Campbell.

Sometimes a pattern maker does no!

find it convenient to use a vise. In some

^

Patternmaker's Sawing Cleat,
cases a pair of patternmaker's sawing
cleats will be found very handy. The
cleats can be made of any convenient
size and consist of one board on which
are blocks, one at each end on opposite
side of the board.

At the foundry of the Fort Wayne
Electric Works rain water in a closed
piping system is circulated through the
water jackets of the air compressors by
a plunger pump driven from the com-
pressor shaft, replacing a constant flow
of city water. The circulation starts
when the compressor starts and stops
when it is shut down. Tubular auto-
mobile radiators keep the water cool.

As a matter of cold fact, pending pat-
ent applications are the only valid ex-
cuse for withholding from publication
the description of anything new. When
there is no element of this kind involved
a manufacturer's attempt at secrecy al-
most always indicates either that he is
pitiably small-minded and conceited or
that he is afraid to submit his designs
to the critical consideration of the en-
gineering public. — Power and the Engi-
neer.

MODERN SAFE & VAULT PLANT.

The Dominion Sale & Vault Co. have
located at Faruham, I'. (,).. where they
will manufacture the Herring-Hall Mar-
vin safes and vaults. This is a branch
of the Herring-Hall Marvin Safe Co..
Hamilton, Ohio, a company established
75 years ago.

It was originally intended to erect
a plant especially adapted to the manu-
facture of safes, 'but the company fin-
ally decided to take over the C. P. I!.
shops at Faruham, Que. These shops
formerly employed 450 men. Ow-
ing, however, to the desire of the rail-
road company to centralize their var-
ious repair shops in one large shop at
Montreal, the Faruham shops were no
longer necessary, and they were vacated
accordingly.

The plant is equipped with complete
power plant. There is a 150 H. P. Cor-
liss engine, a small engine and generator

issue of $100,000 to accomplish this. II
will take about, one year for them to be
in a position to deliver power.

The accompanying ilust rations show
layout of the plant, which will be given
over to the manufacture of fireproof
safes and vault doors, burglar proof
safes and vault linings, and such other
gnods as can be manufactured in con-
junction therewith. The designs and
styles will be those of the Herring-Hall
Marvin Safe Co., of Hamilton, Ohio.

The arrangement of the building is
especially suited to the needs of the Safe
Co., and will take care of a considerably
larger output than is at present contem-
plated.

The shops are all well lighted, and
everything is provided necessary for the
comfort of the men. The machine shop
is 200 feet long by 66 feet wide, and
in this shop the various angles, plates
and eastings entering into the const rue-

Plant of Dominion Safe and Vault Co.. Farnham.

for ligthing, air compressor, line shafts,
heating appartus. air lines and fire pro-
tective apparatus. The ('. P. R. tracks
pass through all of the buildings, and
the Central Vermont touches the pro-
perty line on the south side, and will
put in a siding free of expense, giving
direct connections with the two largest
railroad systems in Canada — the Central
Vermont being a subsidiary company n
(he Grand Trunk.

A contract has been entered into with
Farnham, whereby they agree to give ex-
emption from taxation), with the ei
ception of school taxes, free water, and
electrical power delivered on the second-
ary side of the transformers at $20 per
H. P. per year for 24 hour power, with
a minimum of 75 H. P., and with a
maximum of 400 H. P. Tn order to do
this it will be necessary for them to
develop the water power on the Yamaska
River, and they have authorized a bon 1

tion of the safes, will be machined. The
blacksmith shop is a building 105 feet
long by 65 feet wide, containing all the
necessary forges and furnaces, and here
will be made the solid hand welded angle
hoops which are a feature of the Dom-
inion Safe & Vault Co.'s Safe. The
forging and. welding of the various parts
of vault linings and burglar proof safes
will also be taken care of in this shop.
The paint shop is an exceptionally fine
building, with sky lights and large win-
dows, and here the final work of finish-
ing the safes will be' done. The erecting
and fitting of the interior of safe cabin-
ets will be done in the mill, 115 by 64.
Directly in the rear of this shop is the
dry kiln and lumber sheds, where the
oak and other lumber used will be pre-
pared and stored. The lock dept., where
the most skilled labor is required, is sit-
uated in rear of the office. Combination
safety deposit box locks and the num-

62

CANADIAN MACHINERY

erous other locks required in the manu-
facture of safes and vault doors, will
be made and fitted here.

A contract has been entered into with
the Canadian Fairbanks Co., Limited, of
.Montreal. St. John, N.B., Toronto, Win-
nipeg, Saskatoon, Calgary and Vancouv-
er, whereby they will sell the entire out-
put of the factory.

Following is a statement of the organ-
ization of the company:

Incorporated under Dominion charter,
February 21st, 1910., capital $525,000.00.
President. Henry J. Fuller; vice-presid-

In general machine shop work the
carborundum file assists in quick produc-
tion, consistent with good workmanship.
It is made in a convenient size and
shape, and of just the proper grit to
be efficient in all around work. The
Carborundum File is manufactured by
The Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls.

n. y.

TRAVELLING MACHINE SHOP.

The value of a travelling machine shop
in the railroad service can hardly be es-

Plant of Dominion Safe and Vault Co.. Farnham, P. Q.

ent, A. W. Wheatley; sec-treas., C. W.
Baker, C.A.; Works Manager, M. H.
Pursell. Directors: Wm. McMaster, C.
W. Colby, F. W. Gilman, Thornton Dav-
idson, C. U. Carpenter, A. W. Wheatley,
H. J. Fuller

CARBORUNDUM FILE.

The Carborundum file is a solid block
of carborundum, 13 inches long, 1J inch-
es wide, and li inches thick. One end
is rounded, and the other fitted with a
durable wooden handle. For filing cast-
ings, or soft metals, it does the work
very quickly, for touching up case hard-

timated. Several of them have been
made use of in connection with construc-
tion work on the G.T.P. railway. Or-
dinarily box ears are used, equipped
with lathe, drill, grindstone and some-
times a shaper. The power is furnished
by 6 h.p. Fairbanks' gasoline engines
belted to a line shaft.

The advantage of having these cars
in making light repairs is readily seen.
Were it not possible to make repairs in
this manner, hundreds of miles would
have to be travelled at times to keep
the construction equipment and locomot-
ives in repair.

Carbonundum File.

ened parts and removing the scale from
the harder metals, it is very efficient.
The Carborundum file removes material
which would otherwise remain on the
casting.

Carborundum is one of the hardest
and sharpest of abrasive materials. Ev-
ery little grit or grain in the carborun-
dum file is as hard, and as sharp as a
diamond, and they cut fast, without al-
lowing the file to fill or glaze.

A similar travelling repair shop is
used on the North Coast Ry., between
Spokane and Seattle, Wash. This is a
self propelled car in which the follow-
ing equipment has been installed: one
23 in. engine lathe, one 16 in. sli;ipei.
one li in. bolt cutter, one 6 in. pipe
thi-eading machine, one 22 in. vertical
drill press, and one emery wheel.

The tools are driven by a 12 h.p.
Fairbanks-Morse gasoline engine. The

engine is also connected through a fric-
tion clutch and chain gear to the wheels,
which enables the car to move under its
own power at about 12 miles per hour.

NEW USES FOR BOLT HEADER.

The uses to which the bolt header can
be put, are varied, judging from the ar-
ticles produced on this machine, which
in many cases is revolutionizing forg-

Fig. 1. — Valve Kocker for Small Pumps.

ing work. Two applications of the ma-
chine to articles previously made in a
different manner, recently came under
the writer's notice and are worthy of
note. The new bolt header forging takes
the place of a casting in one case, and
of a drop-forging in the other. Both
instances were observed at the Canada
Foundry Co., Toronto, the idea of doinc;
the work in this manner being due to
Mr. Loach, general foreman of the ma-
chine shop.

Pig, 1 shows a valve rocker arm for
a small feed pump, which was previous-
ly made of cast iron, but great difficulty
was experienced in obtaining castings of
this size free from sand holes, with the
result that they frequently failed at
the shoulder of the crank arm and shaft.
As feedpump building is one of the C. F.
Co. 's specialties, large quantities of the
rockers are required, so the idea occur-
red of making dies for the bolt beading
machine and making them of wrought
iron, which was tried and adapted. An
exactly similar method to that followed
in bolt heading is used. The red hot
stock is first cut off the correct length
by the movable cross die, which far-

Fig. 2.— Flexible Staybolt Nuts.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

63

ties this stock over against the station-
ary die. The next move is from the
lengthwise die, on the end of which is a
die the shape of the rocker end. and
which compt esses the hot stock to till
the corresponding cavity in the station-
ary and moving crosswise dies. The
operation leaves a very slight flash along
the edge A. bnt other than that no finish-
ing of the non-rubbing parts is neces-
sary, so perfect is the resulting work.
Upwards of 2,000 can be turned out in
a ten-hour day.

The flexible stay holt nut shown in
Fig. 2, is another piece of work slightly
more complicated than the rocker, which
is made in the bolt header. The uppei
figure shows the nut finished and the
lower as it comes from the header.
Formerly, as before mentioned, these
were made by drop forging, which left
a rough line about half way up the
hexagon, where the flash is trimmed, so
the hexagon surfaces were not flat.

Several special dies are required for
this operation in the header. First, a
flat red hot bar, which passes from side
to side through the machine, has a hex-
agon blank punched out by a die, hol-
lowed out to conform in shape with the
rounded top of the nut. This die, bear-
ing against the flat blank, bears only on
the outer rim A, and shoves the blank
up against the outer of a double die,
this latter die being hexagon, of the
same cross section as the finished nuts
through BC. Thus the lower side of the
nut bears against the annular face D.
Tli • first die bearing on A and holding
the blank up against D, remains sta-
tionary, while the inner of the double
die which has a rounded end, shoves the
metal into the cupped end of the first
die. forming the hollow of the nut. The
nut is then completed, the operation be-
ing repeated for the second nut. Up-
wards of 3,000 can be manufactured per
day by ihis method, and so successfully
has it been in operation, that the Flan-
nery Xttt Co., a firm in the United
Stales, specializing in this line, are mak-
ing over all their machinery to make
the nuts this way instead of by drop
forging.

STOCKBRIDGE 16 INCH SHAPER.

Tlic 18 inch back geared Stockhridge
patented two-piece crank shaper shown
is for tool work and productive shop
work. This shaper contains some new
features designed to add materially to
its productive capacity.

Among these is the column ways on
which the BrOSe rail slides. The method
of attaching cross rail to column is new
to shaper practice, though long employ-
ed in milling machine design.

With this construction one gib is cast
solid with the cross rail, besides adding
to stiffness, it prevents possibility of
rail tipping away from the column when
the adjusting gib, which is on the work-
ing side of shaper. is loosened. With
this construction no time is lost in go-
ing around machine to tighten and un-
loosen binder holts, cverytime the cross
rail is lowered or raised. By simply
tightening gib binder screws, on work-
ing side of shaper, cross rail is locked
to column, the construction being just
the same as on a milling machine.

The rocker arm is of special design.
Slide ribs are cored U-shape making a.i
exceptionally strong construction. The
slot in the rocker arm is of unusual
depth and width to provide ample sur-
face for crank block.

From the dimensions given it will be
noted that this machine is particularly-
heavy and of unusual capacity for a 16
inch machine. It has been designed to
meet all the requirements of a manu-
facturing tool, requiring strength and
accuracy.

Stockhridge 16-in. Shaper.

Aetna] length of stroke, 16| inches.
Vertical travel of table, 14| inches.
Horizontal travel of table, 23 inches.
Minimum distance of ram to table, 21
indies. Maximum distance from ram t)
table. 17 inches. Feed to head. 6J
inches. Top of table, 14| inches x 13 J
inches. Sides of table, 14| inches x 133
inches. Ram bearing in table, 30 inches.
Length of ram in column, 36 inches.
Width of ram in column, 10} inches.
Poppit takes tool, | inch x 1} inches.
Takes shaft for keyseating, 2\ inches.
Vise opens, 12 inches. Size of Vise
jaws. 12 inches x 2 J inches. Tight and
loose pulleys on countershaft, 14 inches
x 3J inches. Speed of countershaft for
cast iron, 300 revolutions. Fin. Wt. of
machine, 2,§50 lbs.

These shapers are manufactured by
the Stockhridge Machine Co., Worces-
1 < r, Mass.

FACTORY FIRES.

The Witness, of Montreal, recently
published suggestions on fighting fires
in large structures, which is of excellent
value. It suggests the designing of a
card outlining the buildings, each build-
ing to have such a card located in a
known place for the benefit of the fire-
men. This card would show at a glance
the location of trap doors, elevator
shafts, stairways, heavy materials, valu-
able stock, dangerous or explosive stock,
safes or vaults, gas cocks, electric
switches, engine or power plants, and all
other information needed in fighting a
fire in the building. It would enable the
salvage corps to do quick and intelligent
work, and would enable the fire fighters
to direct their efforts more intelligently,
without having to search for the inform-
ation— a difficult thing to do with a
structure full of stifling smoke.

The card should be revised whenever
there, was a change in the position of
the stock or fixtures, and in any event
should be corrected twice a year. Sev-
eral copies of the card should be provid-
ed, one to be left at some place in the
building, one to the department of build-
ing inspection and one to the factory in-
spector, in eases of factories. Variations
of the plan could be worked out to fit dif-
ferent structures, but the plan has the
nucleus of a valuable suggestion.

UTILIZATION OF SCRAP.

There is in Cleveland a concern that
makes a business of blanking metal for
other firms that do stamping. Now any-
body who knows anything about the
stamping business knows that there are
hundreds of jobs a year which leave
scrap from which many other stampings
could be made — if the firm happened to
get the order for the smaller pieces.
But it may not get such an order for
months and to store the scrap from the
first job until the second comes, wTould
cost more than buying new sheets for
the second. But suppose somebody
could make a business that did nothing
but blank, suppose somebody could go
to a lot of other stamping concerns and
get their blanking work? The variety
of pieces for which many concerns had
order's would be such that the blanking
concern could often use scrap twice or
three times. The Cleveland man who
started the blanking business got the
idea by simply asking himself, "Why
cannot better use be made of scrap steel
than selling for scrap?" — Silent Part-
ner.

The great thing is to make a start,
even if you start on the wrong, road.

Progress is doing a little better to-
day than we did yesterday.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

COLLINGWOOD. OUT.— An agreement satisfac-
tory to the Board of Trade has been submitted
by representatives of the New Iron & Steel Co.
which proposes to establish w-orks for the manu-
facture of wrought iron directly from the ore by
a new process. The agreement must next be
adopted by the town council and after that ra-
tified and financially provided for by the rate-
payers.

BRANTFORD.— Brantford city council has
granted fixed assessments for a term of ten
years to the Ham and Nott, Crown Electric.
and Brantford Emery Wheel Co.

OTTAWA.— The Ottawa Car Co. secured permit
for factory. Albert Street. $10,000.

PARRY SOUND.— The C.N.R. will establish a
repair plant and shops at Parry Sound.

AMHERST. N.S.— The carriage factory of S.
Fillmore. Southampton. 20 miles from here, was
destroyed by fire on the 11th inst. Estimated
loss $35,000.

OTTAWA.— Publicity Commissioner, H. W.
Baker, announces that three industries are about
to locate in Ottawa. There will be an automo-
bile factory, a structural steel works, and a
factory for the manufacture of fibre boards out
of sawmill waste.

OSHAWA— Steam Fittings. Ltd., have under
construction a new shipping room 180 x 250 ft.
The old shipping room will be used as a tap-
ping room.

LONDON. — Geo. White & Sons are equipping
their new shops complete with Chapman double
hall bearings.

TORONTO.— The Chapman Double Hall Bearing
Co. have secured an order for 369 of 2 15-16 inch.
double ball bearings for the N.T.R. shops at
Transcona near Winnipeg. The shipment is to be
made in December.

MONTREAL.— A report has been current in one
or two trade newspaper that Geo. Anderson &
Co., manufacturers of stone cutting machinery.
Carnoustie. Scotland, are about to erect a fac-
tory in Montreal. Mr. Clark, their Canadian
manager, speaking to Canadian Machinery stated
that the rumor was news to him. The firm al-
ready have a small plant there and it is true
are contemplating the erection of a larger fac-
tory in Canada, but Mr. Clark states that they
will undoubtedly locate in some more Western
point such as Winnipeg or Port Arthur.

WELLAND — The Canadian-Billings & Spencer
Co. Intend enlarging their machine shop at an
early date.

WINDSOR.— The Penberthy Injector Co., De-
troit, is preparing to build a large addition to
its Windsor plant.

MONTREAL.— It has been stated to Canadian
Machinery by a reputable manufacturer, of Mont-
real, that there is a good opening in that city
for a manufacturer of dies for punching brass,
metal, etc. He claims that a lot of this busi-
ness goes over to die manufacturers in the
United States from machinists who have not the
facilities for making satisfactory dies for their
own use.

HAMILTON.— A deal for the merging of the
Baynes Carriage Co., this city, the American
Road Machines Co.. of Canada, located at
Godorich. and a group of Detroit automobile
men was completed recently. The merger will be
known as the Acme Motor. Carriage and Ma-
chinery Co., capitalized at $1,000,000. The chief
business of the company will be to manufacture
autos and the present site of the Baynes Car-
riage Co. is to be utilized for the erection of a
large factory. It is understood that the plant
at Goderich will he abandoned.

PETERBORO — The Peterboro Lock Mfg. Co.
has been granted a fixed assessment of $25,000
for ten years. The company is spending $40,000
in improvements, and 40 additional employes
have been added this year.

SYDNEY, N.S.— The Dominion Iron & Steel
Corporation are calling for tenders for the con-
struction of the following additions to their
plant : — Boiler house, machine shops, foundry,
warehouse, oil house, carpenter shop, repair
shop and finishing mill. Cement, brick and
strflctural steel are the material;-; to be used.

WINNIPEG— The Canada Metal Co. will es-
tablish a plant in this city. They have pur-
chased the present premises of the Ontario Wind
Engine & Puinp Co. for $26,000. The latter Co.
will erect a new building.

VICTORIA. B.C.— Commencing Nov. 7th ex-
aminations for the position of inspector of iteam
boilers and machinery will be held at the par-
liament buildings this city.

SASKATOON.— The J. I. Case Co.. of Racine.
Wis., will build a large warehouse in Saskatoon
this fall.

WINNIPEG— The Otis-Fensom Elevator Co.
proposes to erect a machine shop in Winnipeg
for manufacturing and adjusting elevator parts.
HAMILTON.— The Dowsell Co.. Hamilton,
which manufactures wringers, washing machines
and kindred articles, has changed its name to
the Cummer-Dowsell Co. and increased its ca-
pital stock from V75.000 to $250, 000. Extensions
of its plant aro projected.

DUNDAS. ONT.— The Chapman Engine & Mfg.
Co. has received incorporation under Ontario
laws, the capital stock being $200,000, and the
head office being at Dundas, Ont. It will manu-
facture engines and machinery.

TROUT MILLS. ONT.— The reduction and
smelting works at Trout Mills, Ont., which have
been closed down of late, are shortly to become
active under new auspices.

TORONTO.— The Toronto yards of the Canadian
Shipbuilding Co. have been taken over by the
John Inglis Co., which will make use of them
in connection with its machine and engine works
in their vicinity.

TORONTO— The Steel & Radiation Co.. of
Canada, with a capital stock of $5,000,000, is an-
nounced as the latest Canadian merger in the
steel and iron group. Two Toronto companies
are named — the King Radiator Co. and the Ex-
panded Metal & Fireproofing Co. — among those
to be embraced. The works of these two con-
cerns, in which nearly 300 men are employed,
will be enlarged.

MONTREAL. — The Quebec government will give
a grant of $15,000 towards the construction of an
iron bridge over the Chnudiere river to cost
$33,000.

MEDICINE HAT. ALTA— The McDermid Co..
contractors, of Winnipeg, have erected a new-
machine shop adjoining the C.P.U. roundhouse.
Tho building, which is 82 ft. x 70 ft., is of brick
on a concrete foundation and will be equipped
with the most up-to-date machinery.

MEDICINE HAT.— E. 0. Darche and W. R-
Penland are conducting the garage and repair
i-hop formerly owned by G. M. Johnson. Be-
sides the automobile livery and repair shop they
will be agents for the leading cars, featuring the
McLaughlin-Buick, E.M.F., and Winton makes.

WINNIPEG.— Sealed tenders have been asked
for by the Transcontinental Railway Commis-
sioners at Ottawa, for the centrifugal pump and
motors required for the sewage pump house at
the Winnipeg shops.

WINNIPEG.— The roof, most of the machinery
and a considerable part of the building of the
Western Iron Works were damaged by fire re-
cently.

LONDON.— The name of the Scott Machine Co.
has been changed to tho London (las Power Co.

TORONTO.— Edward Gurney, president of the
Gurney Foundry Co.. Toronto, tendered a com-
plimentary dinner to W. H. Carrick. president
and general manager of the Hamilton Stove t
Heater Co.. Hamilton, at the National Clv.li.
Toronto, on Friday. Oct. 7, in appreciation of
his 38 years' service with the Gurney Foundry
Co.

LAKE SUPERIOR JUNCTION. ONT.— Sealed
tenders have been asked for by the Transconti-
mental Railway Commissioners at Ottawa, for
machinery required for a roundhouse at Lako Su-
perior Junction.

REGINA.— The Burridge Cooper Co., of Win-
nipeg, dealers in gasoline engines, pulleys, shaft-
ing and machinery of all kinds. will open a
Saskatchewan agency in Regina where they have
purchased warehouses.

HALIFAX— The Sillikcr Car Works have been
sold to a group of financial men in Halifax.
Amherst and St. John, headed by J. R. Douglas
and J. R. Lamy. The industry will In- carried
on as formerly with the addition of a steel un-
dername department.

GUELPH. — The Louden Machinery Co. were
awarded the gold medal at St. John, N.B., for
the best exhibit of farm hardware.

WOODSTOCK.— The Tobin Arms Mfg. Co. has
purchased the plant, patents, tools, materials,
manufactured products and other assets of the
Caldwell Bit and Tool Co.. Port Rowan. Ont.
Intensions arc being made by the Tobin Co. in
their present factory to accommodate tho new
plant.

MONTREAL.— Nathaniel Curry, president of the
Canada Car and Foundry Co.. has been elected
to the directorate of the Travelers' Life Assur-
ance Co., of Canada. Mr. Curry is also a direc-
tor of the Bank of Nova Scotia.

Electrical Notes.

QUEBEC— The Shawinigan Water & Power Co..
at Shawinigan Falls, on the St. Maurice River,
Quebec, is about to increase its power producing
capacity by 75,000 h.p. This involves the cutting
of a section out of tho side of the intake canal
1.000 ft. long, and the erecting of a concrete and
steel bulkhead at an angle of 60 degrees to the
existing bulkhead. From this extension five steel
penstocks, each having a capacity of 15.000 h.p..
will be carried to the power house to be erected
on the lower level, to which there will be a head
of 150 ft. The power house is to contain five
units, consisting of turbine water w-heels directly
connected to an electrical generator.

TORONTO.— Tenders are invited for the pur-
chase of the plant, raw material, real estate.
etc.. of the Iteeder Electrical & Mfg. Co.. 15
Saunder Avenue.

LONDON. — Mackenzie & Mann are stated, on
good authority, to be taking steps for the ac-
quiring of the London Street Ky.. and also the
London & Lake- Erie Traction Co.

Quosnel. B.C.— Lacal interests are agitating for
an electric light system and power plant.

WINNIPEG. — Plans are being prepared for the
central power sub-station. The building will
cost about $60,000 and the work will be let this
fall. It is to be completed by June 1911.

MONTREAL.— Tho acceptance of a 10-year con-
tract with the Montreal Light. Heat & Power
Co. for street lighting has bron recommended
to the city council.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

65

BENCH

POWER PRESS

esign

Parlicularly adapted for small, quick
work, to take place of loot presses.

Write for Price«.

W. H. Banfield & Sons

MACHINISTS. DIE AND TOOL MAKERS

120 Adelaide Street Weit
TORONTO - - - CANADA

"GLOBE" TIME RECORDERS

are made In Canada by expert mechanics. They are accurate,

simplcin construction, strong, and of good ebewte appearance.
Tliey will reoord with absolute accuracy tbe arrival ami de-
parture of your employees (TO THE MINUTE), making you
pay for wbat you get and no more. All latos and short time
marked in red, regular time in green. The small out at the
top illustrates tbe WEEKLY MODEL, an entirely automatic
recorder requiring no attention whatever during tbe week,
as all changes, etc., occur automatically (DONE BY CLOCK
WORK). The DAILY MODEL is shown in the cut at the
bottom. This recorder is being used mostly in large shops,
eto„ » here a large number of hands are employed. With the
'GLOBE" TIME RE-
CORDERS only one oper-
ation is req u i red as
against live with most
others.

Inspection may be made
through the glass sides of
the case, but tampering
witli recorils is impossible,
no danger of having
soiled, torn or lost records
when same arc unfavor-

luiasc with all CARD CLOCKS. We are now

ring over 2M DIFFERENT TIME RECOKD

KS. and arc in a position to meet tbe require-
y business. Write usabout your needs and let

what will best meet witb your requirements.

JIT YOUR ENQUIRY.

W. A. WOOD, Manufacturer

Head Office and Factory: 40 St. George St., Montreal

Branch Offices :
19 Bleury St., Montreal 65-67 Victoria St., Toronto

able, as is l
manufaclu
INU CLOl
incuts of at
us suggest
WESOLK

Barr Combined Drilling and Tapping Machines

Do Save Money

It would pay you to sell your separate drilling and
tapping machines and get a Barr Combined Machine
that will do the work of both better and quicker.

A Barr Combined Drilling and Tapping Machine
saves time, labor and floor space

No. 51 weighs 550 pounds, drills up to J-inch
holes and taps up to i-inch holes in cast iron.

No. 11 weighs 275 pounds, drills up to 9-16 inch
holes, and taps up to 7-16 inch holes in cast iron.

We can give you power feed, lever feed, and tap-
pers in any combination to suit your requirements on
machines having from two to six and seven spindles.

AGENT WANTED

FOR WESTERN CANADA

An Knergetic Selling Agent can make good
money selling Barr Machines in the Western Ontario
and Western Canada Territory. Hundreds of shops
should be/ising these machines and will use them
when aWSwn their absolute supremacy.

Write me for (u I particulars. .

H. G. BARR

Worcester, Mass., U.S.A.

Williams at Wilson. Montreal
Agents for Eastern Canada

Don't fail to mention "( aiiadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.

66

Canadian machinery

Special Taps

Special Dies

Special Reamers

Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.

Wehavethe equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.

A. B. JARDINE & CO.

HESPELER, ONT.

STEELCRETE

EXPANDED METAL

REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and R00F8.

The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.

WRITE FOR HAND BOOK AND SAMPLES

Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.

Expanded Metal & Fireproofing Co., Limited

100 King Street West. TORONTO

Boilers

HORIZONTAL OR VER-
TICAL, any size and any
pressure. Marine Boilers
too. Ask for our Catalogue.

Win. Hamilton Co., Ltd.

PETERBORO, ONT.

Russell Machine Co.

MACHINE TOOL

AND

DIE MAKERS

First-class Workmanship
Prices Right

Estimates Furnished to the Trade

Russell Machine Co.

St. Catharines, Ont.

In making Pipe connections always use

Dart Unions

No packing required. As shown in the cut, the two sections
of a Dart Union are brought together in the form of a tnM
joint. Each section is bronze seated. So that Dart Unions
make a Bronze-to-Bronze Ball Joint that simply cannot leak.
Joints can be made with great speed, even if pipes are out of
alignment.

YOUR DEALER SHOULD
SELL THEM. ASK HIM.

Dart Union Co., Limited

93-97 Niagara Street, TORONTO, ONT.

MONTREAL.— The proposed merger of the
Montreal Light. Heat & Power- Co. and the street
railway system is expected to effect economies in
management and a concentration of interest
which will be beneficial to the general public.

DUNSMUIR, B.C.— The Canadian Collieries is
making preliminary surveys near Comox, B.C.,
for a large hydro-electric plant on the Puntledge
river. It is estimated that 50.000 horsepower can
be developed, which will be used to furnish
power for a system of compressed air haulage
in the mines for operating machinery in various
plants and for operating a 14-mile railroad con-
necting the Comox coal fields with Union bay.

PRINCE ALBERT.— C. H. Mitchell, Toronto,
has been authorized by the town to prepare
plans for city power developments at Lacelle
Falls. It is planned to develop 10,000 horsepower
at a cost of $1,000,000.

TORONTO.— The tenders of Chapman &
Walker Co.. storage batteries. $2,870 ; Canadian
General Electric Co.. transformers, $15,800 ; Lan-
cashire Dynamo & Motor Co., motor generator
jets. $2,262, were accepted by the Board of Con-
trol for the Hydro Electric department.

KINGSTON.— The Seymour Power Co. offer to
■ .ly Kingston with electric envrgy at $25 per
horse power.

GALT.— The municipality has asked for tend-
ers for debentures to cover the cost of a plant
to distribute Hydro-Electric power in the town :
the cost is $60,000.

BROCKVILLE. — Construction work for power
plants on the American side of the St. Law-
rence river is to be commenced and it is ex-
pected the Canadian government will investigate
to ascertain if the flow and levels of the rivur
on the Canadian side will be materially aff'Cted.

I HKSTERVILLE. ONT.— A by-law has been
passed providing for the establishment of an
electric light system.

JOHN J. GARTSHORE

83 Front St. W., Toronto

RAM Q and supplies

r\/AIL_0 New and Second-hand
For RAILWAY8, TRAMWAY8, Etc.
Old Material Bought and Sold.

OPAL GLASS TILING

FOR WALLS OP

MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES

.lost approved material.
TORONTO PLATE CLASS IMPORTINC CO'Y

FLATS AMD WINDOW GLASS

I3S to na3 Victoria St.. - Toronto

Oil Tempered

Steel

Springs

— for every purpose
and the best for each

—Special styles of
all kinds to order.

THE CLEVELAND

WIRE SPRING CO.

Cleveland, Ohio.

,

CANADIAN MACHINERY

b

VICTORIA, B.C.— The immense electrical gen-
erating plant at Jordan River is being complet-
ed by the Vancouver Island Power Co. Of a
total expenditure of $600,000 to date only a
small proportion has been for machinery.

COLLINGWOOD.— The material for an up-to-
date power house is now at the yards of the
Colllngwood Shipbuilding Co. The plant
throughout is run by electic energy and the n- w
equipment wiil provide power to thrice the pre-
sent capacity. A producer gas plant may be in-
stalled.

NIAGARA FALLS, ONT.— It is reported that
the Symmes Construction Co., of this place,
will shortly commence work on a power plant
at Sandy Falls. Myosoni river, in the Por-
cupine district, the plant to develop from 6,000
to 8,000 h.p.

COMOX. B.C.— Surveys are being completed for
the big power plant to be erected by the Can-
adian Collieries on the Puntledge river in the
centre of the Comox coal field. About a year
will be occupied in completing the work and the
cost will be in the neighborhood of $1,000,000.

VANCOUVER.— Law & Von Dohlen are organ-
izing a company to manufacture the Grey Auto-
matic Electric Water Heater. The capital stock
is $150,000. Other electric utilities will also be
manufactured.

WATRODS. SASK.— The municipality proposes
to instal an electric lighting system and a car
line.

Municipal Undertakings.

MOOSE JAW. SASK.— On Nov. 5th. the city
otTer.-, for sale by auction at the power house
a second hand well-boring plant. Terms cash,
subject to a reserve bid.

WINNIPEG.— The hospital committee will sub-
mit two by-laws at the civic elections, one for
$400,000 for the General Hospital, and one for
$400,000 for the Municipal Hospital.

MONTMAGNY, QUE.— Tenders will be received
until the 1st of December by the municipality
for the erection of an iron bridge over the
Riviere du Sud.

MONTREAL.— Plans for the new power station
at the drop off power are being prepared. Th s
new plant will generate an extra amount of
power equal to that now furnished the city,
viz.. 3,000 h.p.

MONTREAL. — The contract for the new aque-
duct intake at Point St. Charles has been
a*arded by the Board of Control, to Lcmoinc
& Son, and L. A. Desy : the price is $155,500.
The work will be rushed this season.

MONTREAL.— Plans and specifications for the
remodelling of the emergency hospital are being
prepared, same to include new drainage, plumb-
ing and heating.

PRINCE ALBERT, SASK— Plans are being
prepared and contracts will be let next May
for the erection of a 10,000 h.p. plant at Leslie
Falls. Cost to be $1,000,000.

WINNIPEG.— The tender of the Canada Iron
Corporation for the supply of 10.000 feet of six-
inch water main was accepted by the board of
control. The price is $57. ."iO per ton. which is
much lower than <hat quoted in the next lowest
tender.

PRINCE ALBEKT.--The tenders for the filtra-
tion -plant were as follows : One> at $14,000, an-
othes at $11,000, and Wm. Knox's tender at $6.-
585 (accepted.)

BIGGAR. SASK.— $15,000 will be expended on
waterworks and fire protection.

CALGARY.— Tenders will be received by W. D.
Spence, city clerk, up to November 7th, for the
erection of steel bridges, one across the Elbow
river at 12th Avenue and the other across the
Elbow ri'er at Second Street East. Also for
supplying to the city rails, cars, equipment and
ovt-rhead material for extensions to the muni-
cipal street railways.

NEW LISKEARD. ONT.— A waterworks exten-
sion by-law was carried here last month.

NANAIMO. B.C.— Sewers costing about $70,000
will be installed by the municipality.

BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST

can be secured for any class of castings by arranging your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult with

The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited

18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO

EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS, FUELS, CORES, OILS. Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.

^NR^*

f DE'LT.;. ■'/- ' ' T'-' • .^A»*™ned a*-;:

> Montreal mmm%

h\ .VANCOUVER

ESTABLISH A MODERN TAX-
FREE ALCOHOL DISTILLERY

We have a Good Proposition for Motor Mfrs.

Having exported our Stills in large amounts for many years. . and already having
several far Eastern agencies we are now Oiitn to establish additional agencies and invite
correspondence to that end. looking after our old customers and prospective buyers by
special successful demonstrative methods for making Alcohol. Apple Jack, Aguardiente,
Mescal, Teguila, Peach Brandy, Whiskey, etc. Most modern and simple. All sizes, 5 to
500 gallons daily capacity distilling apparatus.

ARE YOU LOOKING FOR information relating to INDUSTRIAL or DENATURED
ALCOHOL DISTILLING APPARATUS and the amazing possibilities of the utilization
of waste farm products and wood waste by superheated steam distillation, the distilling
apparatus as used by us ; the principle involved, also the methods of chemical control
and disposal of the product and by-products ? We will gladly say to you :

Denatured Alcohol to-day is of the greatest untold benefit to the American motor
people. It opens an absolutely new field for investment for progressive paper pulp and
chemical fibre mills, paint, varnish, soap and candle makers, gardeners, farms and
garbage plants, saw-mills, lumbermen and canneries. The Automobiles and the Navies
of the world clamor for this new tax-free cheaper industrial alcohol. May we expect
some encouragement from the more patrotic pioneers for this new American Industry ?
The field is new and profitable, and you can practically have the business your own
way by starting how. We are makers of an' apparatus for the- production of this de-
natured or industrial alcohol ; we build and install plants— large or small. The initial
cost of a plant is small ; the financial risk — if any — is trifling. The equipment is such
that it can be added to at any time without disturbing the original installation.
Address

THE WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES CO., Inc:

WHEELING, W. VA.( U.S.A.

68

CANADIAN MACHINERY

The British Aluminium Co., Limited

LONDON,

ENGLAND

Beg to announce THE ^OPENING on
October fifteenth, 1910, of their new

Canadian Headquarter*, at 24 Adelaide St. WM Toronto

in charge of

MESSRS. PARKE & LEITH, General Agents for Canada

A Large Stock of Aluminium in all the Commercial Forms will
be kept —Wholesale and Retail.

Best Tool Steel

"ARK" High-Speed Steel

THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STEEL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOP'S HIGH-GRADE FILES AND RASPS.

80 Bay St., Toronto, Ontario

Chas. L. Bailey, Agent.

Reid-Ne wfoundland Company

St. John's, Newfoundland.

Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.
Montreal, Quobec
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.,
St. John, New Brunswick

WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.

Crucibles are part of the expense of your
foundry. It will pay you to be sure you're
using the best.

Dixon's Crucibles

have a record of 83 years behind them. You
will find them adapted to your melting.

Free booklet, 223-A, sent on request

JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY

JERSEY CITY,

N.J., U.S.A.

C.LEICHF.N. ALTA.-K. B. tuwns. the previa
Dial health officer; has been consulted regarding
a new waterworks system.

OAKVILLE, ONT.— By-laws have bow. pasted
issuing dcbi n lures for $30,000 with w hh'li i»> «\
Load the present waterworks system.

OTTAWA. — It has been recommended that the
;-ity purchase an incinerator plant of the Heenan-
1'roude type. The estimated cost is $34,000.

GCELPH. — The money and the franchise by-
lawfl in connection with the People's Railway
■rare carried on Sept. 26th. The contract calls
for completion of the entire system by July
1912 when radial connection will be maintained
between C.uelph, Berlin, Elora, Fergus, Arthur,
I Leapeler and Puslinch Lake.

BRANDON. — The wotk of laying the mains for
the new iteam heating plant at the Klectric
Light Co.'s central station is completed as pre-
H :ihed in the contract. Connecting the service
to the different buildings is being rushed : there
an- fig blocks to connect with the heating plant.
Everything has worked perfectly and the system
commenced operation last month.

FORT WILLIAM.— Among a large number of
public improvements submitted to the vote of
the ratepayers on Sept. 21it, the following will
be carried out : — Extension of waterworks, im-
proving fire halls and cemetery, erecting a new
police station, building a swimming pool and
improving the streets. Proposed improvements
to the city hall and the giving of a ga& fran-
chise were voted down.

PENTICTON, B.C.— Having purchased the irri-
gation system from the Penticton Water Supply
Co., Penticton will install a complete- domestic
water, electric light and power system. The mu-
nicipal engineer has been requested to prepare a
preliminary report upon the cost of installation.

ROLEAU. SASK.— A loan of $45,000. with
which to install a water works system, ;s Wing
negotiated by the municipality.

NORTH BUXTON. ONT— The municipality is
in the market for a new pump house, a wheel,
a boiler and an engine.

DAUPHIN, MAN. — Work has been commenced
in the contract tor 13 miles of waterworks
mains and 13 miles of sewers in this town. The
work is to be completed within two years at a
cost of $350,000. J. J. Flanagan, of Fort Wil-
liam, is the contractor.

General Manufacturing News.

HAMILTON.— Charles Reed & Sons, manufac-
turers of paper bbxes on a large scale in Ha-
milton, Ont., have bought a site in Winnipeg.
They will build a warehouse there next year at
a proposed cost of $300,000.

QUEBEC— It is expected that Dominion Gov-
ernment will have constructed at the Davies
dock at Quebec this winter a vessel to be used
as a transport between Quebec and Levis in con-
nection with the N.T.R. This is to serve in the
interim betw'een tho completion of the railroad
and the completion of the bridge. The cost is to
be between $300,000 and $400,000.

KINGSTON.— Coward's Boat Works have been
very busy this season. 308 boats having been
built there since the beginning of the year.
Contracts have just been secured for 20 family
launches for a Toronto engine company and for
several boats for private parties.

DUNCAN, B.C.— North Cowiehan will install an
electric plant, the necessary by-law having been
carried. The electricity will be generated by
steam power.

BERLIN.— Baetz Bros. & Co. have commenced
building their new furniture* factory. The Won-
der Furniture Co. are erecting a large addition
to their plant.

THREE RIVERS.— The contract for the pulp
mill of the Union Bag & Paper Co., at Cap de
la Magdaleine, Three Rivers, P.Q.. Canada, has
been awarded to Frank B. Gilbreth, No. 60
Broadway. New York. George F. Hardy. No.
309 Broadway, New York, is the engineer.

SIMCOE, ONT.— The Penman Mfg. Campany.
whose product is knitted goods, proposes to add
to its existing Canadian factories one in Sim-
coe, Ont.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

69

SPECIAL MACHINERY, Etc.

ARMSTRONG BROS.

16 Sheppard St., Toronto

Mfr,. ot SPECIAL MACHINERY

Patent! Perfected

QEAR CUTTING, TOOL8, DIE8, ETC.

Ruching and Pleating Machinery.

ERNEST SCOTT

91 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker

Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and

light manufacturing. Special machinery

designed and made to order.

The PARMENTER BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.

Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails,
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
t scutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.

OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED

OWEN SOUND, ONT.

Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel

Tank Work of all kinds, Grey

Iron and Brass Castings

PATTERNS AND MODELS

mmss

^ALL KINDS —

Difficult Core Work a Specialty

High Grade • Right Prices • Prompt Delivery

SAT/smcroftr WORK GUARANTe£D

THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS

35S CATHERINE. STREET NORTH

HAMILTON . ONT

FOR

TALL KINDS OF MACHINE '

WORK. MADE IN

WOOD, BRASS

WHITE METAL OR IRON

by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics

Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.

Let us quote prices.

TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
a7 JcxrvisSt.Toronto.Canadcv

When writing advertisers kindly men-
tion having seen the advertisement in
this paper.

LONDON'.— J. K. and D. H. McDermid. of this
city, have purchased the plant of the C. K-
SomtTville Paper Box Co.

BRANTFORD.— The Ham & Nott Co.. of this
city, will take over the1 Niagara Bedstead Co.,
of Buffalo, and locate it in the new building to
be erected near their present factory.

FORT WILLIAM.— The Seaman-Kent Co., ma-
nufacturers of hardwood flooring and finishings,
commenced o iterations in their new plant here
on Sept. 23rd.

GODERICH, ONT— The building, plant and
;.tock of the Goderich Organ Co. was destroyed
by fire. Estimated .loss, $100,000. Local manager,
A. Saunders. It is stated the mill will be re-
built at once.

NANAIMO, B.C.— The- Red Cliff Brick and Tile
Co. has been incorporated for the purpose of
erecting a brick-making plant with a capacity
of 40,000 daily.

EASTERN ONTARIO.— The Hawthorne Silver
& Iron Mines, an American company, will de-
velop the iron ore deposits in the counties of
Lanark and Frontenac.

CHICOUTTMI. P.O.. -The Canada Paper and
Pulp Co.. recently granted a federal charter,
propose establishing a giant plant for the ma-
nufacture of a paper, pulp and carbide on the
Saguenay river, near Lake St. John. The op-
portunities for obtaining water power at that
point are held to be excellent.

NELSON. B.C.— The establishment of a zinc
smelter is being considered. A representative of
French's Complex Ore Reduction Co. was here
and formed a favorable opinion of the location.

SYDNEY. — Following a conference with the
president and secretary of the Dominion Tar and
Chemical Co., manager Walsh announced that
new machinery will be installed to handle the
increased output. The present force of fifty men
will be augmented fifty per cent.

ST. JOHN. N.B.— The Wilson Box Co. have
converted the plant of the Dunn Pork Packing
Co., which they purchased, into a box factory
and will employ fifty me<n. The Box Co. have
also bought the Crawford sawmill at West field
and will operate it in connection with their St.
John factory. The officials of this new com-
pany are :— T. II. Estabrooks. Pres. : Stanley'
E. Elkin. vice-pres. ; W. I. Fenton and John
(Juicy, directors ; Alex. Wilson, managing direc-
tor.

PORT ARTHUR.— The Port Arthur Wagon Co.,
a new concern, has taken over the Speight
Wagon Co., of Markhum, which will, when the
neu factory is erected at Port Arthur, be re-
moved there.

Planing Mill News.

VICTORIA. B.C.— iowa people who hold a tim-
ber tract at the mouth of the Skeena river may
t.uild a mill. To report on the situation, A. C.
Yoss, of Cedar Rapids, made a trip recently to
look over the ground.

EVANS CREEK. B.C.— Mr. G. C. Poulin, of
St. Johns, Que., is opening the lumber mill at
Evans Creek. B.C.

ESPRIT, QUE.— Gucrtin «. Fils, saw mill pro-
prietors, Grand St., Esprit. Que., are reported
to have assigned.

PARRSBORO. N.S.— 0. J. O'Brien, lumber
manufacturer, of Noel, M.S., has sold his sta-
tionary- mill and about 1,200 acres of timber-
lands at Noel, to McDonald Bros., of Parrsboro.

ORFORD, QUE.— Fire at the Doughterty Mill.
Orford, Que., recently resulted in the total de-
struction of the mill, which was owned by Uie
Fletcher Lumber Co. The loss will be over $10,-
000.

STRATHROY. ONT.— The Strathroy Furniture.
('o. are erecting a drying kiln. The new build-
ing will have a GapSCtty for drying fiOO.OOO feel
ol lumber.

north CAY -The council received a comma-
uienUon from J. Darrell. chairman of the Indus
trial Committee of the Board of Trade, asking
the council to take action in regard to the pro-
position of D. A. Leach) of Sunbridge, who of-

ONE MAN

can cut threads on 6-in. p pe with a

ifi

ft

BEAVER

ADJUSTABLE DIE STOCK

No. 6. threading: 1*4. 3-8, 1-2. 3-4 in. complete.
No changing of Dies or Bushings.

No. 25B, 1 in. to 2 in.. R.H. complete.

No. 69. cuts 2'A, 3. llA, 4. \% 5, and 6 inch pipe

NOTE -That with the three tools
shown above you can thread fiom
1-4 in. to 6 in. pipe. No loose parts.

WARREN" DIE STOCK

(Non-receding .dies - adjustable.)
Each stock cuts two sizes. Made in four sizes.

Prices $5.00, $5.50, $6.00 and $7.00.

THEY SAVE TIME AND MONEY
Write for our Illustrated list

Borden-Canadian Co.

Richmond St. East, Toronto, Ont.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

\A/A NTE D

The Services of a Representative

in Canada

to look after cur old customers and pros-
pective buyers of our Modern, Simple. Tax-
free Industrial Alcohol Distilling Apparatus,
by special successful demonstrative methods
for making Alcohol. Apple Jack, Aguardiente.
Mescal, Teguila, Peach Brandy. Whiskey,
Solidified Alcohol in Cubes. Etc.. also De-
natured Alcohol. Most modern, simple, 5
Gal. Still and all sizes to 500 Gal. Daily Cap-
acities. Good Salary and Commission. Ad-
dress with three references.

TBE WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES CO.. Inc.
Wheeling W. Va., U.S. 4.

Do Your
Tumbling

In a Globe improved
Tilting Tumbler and
get finest resul is
quickest and cheap-,
nt, It is made in six
sizes for all porposes
for wet or dry work.

" GLOBE"

Dies Stampings.

Special Manufacturing
Contract Work.

If you want to get
an interesting little
magazine free, atk
for "THE SIL-
ENT PARTNER/'

THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO,

89S Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.

Canadian Agent :
H. W. PRTRIE, Front St. W., Toronto, Canada

"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS

Fcr general machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.

Oar catalogue shows many
styles and sizes and is sent
free. :

The Gustiman Chuck Co,

v Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.

Established 1862

fern to establish veneer plant, basket factory,
sawmill, stave and hoop mill. Estimated cost,
about $25,000.

NEEPAWA, MAN.— A match factory is to be
erected here, to employ 25 hands. Construction
will begin at one.;. Business men of Neepawa
have subscribed $40,000 of the capital. The
names of the promoters have not yet been made
public.

SOLDEN. B.C.— The wreckage of the Columbia
River Lumber Company's mill at Golden, B.C..
which was destroyed by fire in July last, has
been cleared away and rebuilding commenced. It
is expected that the new mill — which is to be
second to none in the mountain country — will be
ready to commence cutting when the season
opens next spring.

CLAYBURN, B.C.— The Maple Grove Lumber
Company's saw mill near Claybnrn. B.C., has
been destroyed by fire, the plant being a total
loss. The loss will be about $10,000. with very
little insurance. The capacity of the mill was
about 10.000 feet.

PRINCE ALBERT.— The Shell River Lumber
Co. is building a mill at the wjst end of Prince
Albert, Sask. It will have a capacity of be-
tween 30.000 and 40.080. ft. per day.

NEW WESTMINSTER. B.C.— The Lincoln Saw-
mill Co.. of Langley Prairie, has secured one of
the largest lumber cutting contracts ever given

out in the province. It has undertaken to cut
and dress 30,000.000 feet of lumber for Michigan
capitalists, owners of valuable timber land.

ROCHE POINT. B.C.— The Imperial Car. Ship-
building and Drydock Co. will erect and operate
a sawmill here with a capacity of 100.000 fcot
per day.

CANFORD. B.C.— A sawmill with a daily capa-
city of 40,000 feet, and modern machinery is to
be erected here ; estimated cost $25,000.

VICTORIA. B.C.— D. E. Smith, manager Jor-
dan River Lumber Co., has announced the in-
tention of the company to erect a sawmill in
the early spring. A site has not yet been
chosen.

NEW LISKEARD. ONT.— C. B. Matthews will
build a mill. Recently a by-law to grant Mr.
Matthews assistance was defeated.

MASSET. B.C.— Negotiations for the erection
of a mill here are well under way. Victoria
capital is ihentified with his enterprise.

ASTVIEW. ONT.— W. Leger will enlarge the
planing mill he recently purchased here.

TRENTON.— Gill & Fortune are erecting a new
planing mill in connection with their large lum-
ber yards. A building 35 x 75 ft. is completed
and machinery installed. All pulleys and shaft-
ing are underground, leaving the full floor space
for machinery and work.

Let Us Make It

and save you the duty. We have skilled mechanics
and a modern and completely equipped metal manu-
facturing plant, Automatic Screw Machines, Lathes,
Drill Presses, Punch Presses, Power Shears, Plating
and Polishing. We can make ANYTHING in metal
and save you money. Send samples and get prices.

Dominion Telephone Mfg. Co., Ltd.

WATERFORD, ONT.

USE BASSITE

AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR TIN IN YOUR BRASS CASTINGS.
WHY? BECAUSE B ASSITE MAKES CASTINGS STRONG-
ER, CLE4.NER, TIGHTER, SMOOTHER AND
DENSER THAN IS POSSIBLE WITH TIN.

Does this difference in cost appeal to you ?

Tin at 36c per lb., quantity one ton, $720.00

Bassite " 22c

440.00

Actual saving in cost per ton, $280.00

Let us ship you 100 pounds on approval. No pay, unless satisfactory.

MAKE A HIT WITH YOUR BALANCE SHEET
AND ORDER NOW.

The Bassite Smelting & Mfg. Co.,

Incorporated
Cincinnati and Milford, Ohio

CANADIAN MACHINERY

7*

Building Notes.

RRANTFORD. ONT.— Thy Verity Plow Co..
have let contracts for additions to its works
costing $60,000. The Penman Mfg. Co., of the
same city, will commence shortly upon addi-
tions to its works to cost $80,000. It will em-
ploy 400 additional hands.

TORONTO, ONT.— The Norcross Bros. Co. has
been awarded the contract for the construction
of the head office building of the Bank of To-
ronto. The cost will be about $1,000,000.

LEVIS. QUE.— Plans have been filed with the
Public Works Department of the Dominion Gov-
ernment for the $4,000,000 dry dock and ship re-
pairing plant here.

WINNIPEG. MAN— Wood, Vallance & Co..
wholesale hardware dealers. Hamilton, have pur-
chased a site for a building in Winnipeg, the
price being $115,000.

SASKATOON, SASK.— The new warehouse of
the Canadian Fairbanks Co. is almost ready for
use. Plans are being prepared for a new 4
storey building 50 x 90 ft. to house Fairbanks-
Morse manufactured goods and to include a ma-
chine shop for the repair of motors and ma
chinery.

ItEGINA. SASK.— The Sawyer-Massey Co. is
establishing western headquarters in Regina and
work on their $40,000 warehouse has been com-
menced. The concrete work is to be finished this
fall and construction will proceed early next
spring.

REGINA. SASK.— Plans for the erection of
two large buildings, in connection with the
Saskatchewan Methodist College, to cost $250,-
000. have been approved.

HAMILTON. ONT.— The Canadian Westinghouse
Co. will build an $18,000 addition to their
foundry.

The Canada Steel Co. will locate their plant
on the west side of Sherman Ave., at an estim-
ated expenditure of $400,000.

HAMILTON, ONT.— A. Hewitt, of Grimsby, is
said to be contemplating the erection of a large
modern hotel at Main and Hughson Streets.

VANCOUVER— The B.C. Telephone Co. will
a $50,000 branch exchange for the accom-
modation of business in Mt. Pleasant district.

VICTORIA, B.C.— A new building to supple
ment the Royal Jubilee Hospital is being con-
sidered.

SASKATOON.— The Gray Carriage Mfg. Co..
and the Campbvll Fanning Mill Co., of Chatham.
Ont., will erect one of the largest and most
up-to-date distributing warehouses in Western
Canada. The cost will be about $50,000.

NELSON, B.C.— $150,000 is the price at which
W. Sharp & Son secured the contract for the
erection of a C.P.R. summer hotel at Balfour.
Kootenay Lake, 20 miles from Nelson.

WOODSTOCK, ONT— The Linderman Dovetail
Glue Jointing Co.. and the Fibreboard Folding
Package Co., are to erect buildings in Wood-
stock.

New Companies.

The Western Steel & Iron Co., Winnipeg ;
capital. $300,000. Incorporated by leading busi-
ness men of Winnipeg.

Clinton Motor Car Co.. Clinton, 'mt. : same
directorate as Canadian Flax Mills. 1 ut -Interest
taken by Toronto cauitalists.

•Toilette Steel and Iron Foundry. Jollette,
Que., capital, $250,000 : to manufacture steel,
iron, brass and aluminum products. Incorporat-
ors, S. Vessot, A. Durand and E. Hebert, all of
Joliette. 6

National-Acme Mfg. Co.

The National-Acme Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio,
has commenced the erection of its new plant in
Montreal, and has about completed the building
of a four-storey addition to its Cleveland plant.
40 x 185 ft. This latter will be used for store
and stock rooms. case hardening department.
'to., and will enable the company to make- con-
siderable rearrangement of its present planV

SIM0NDS

(SI-MONDS)

Hack

Saw

Blades

For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.

Steel
blades
for cut-
ting-steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.

Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited

MONTREAL, QUE.

St. John. N.B. Vancouver. B.C.

In the United States, Simonds Mfg. Co.

Try It — Before You Buy

We have such absolute confidence in
the all-round superiority of the

Imperial Chuck

that to introduce it to your shop we will
send you one. all charges paid, for 30
DAYS' FREE TRIAL.

Use it, test it any way you can think
of, and if it won't do all we claim for it,
send it back at our expense. But you are
sure to join the company of delighted
'IMPERIAL" users.

Writo for Catalogue ana Prices.
MADE IN CANADA

Ker & Goodwin

Brantford, Canada

21-INCH STEEL CHUCK

STRENGTH AND POWER

The S. E. Horton Machine Co. '8
New Four Jaw Independent Chuck

is not only the strongest, the
most powerful, but the most
durable lathe chuck 0f jts class.
Extra strong screws, large bear-
ing surfaces, wider jaws and a
careful distribution of metal are
features of the improved design

which count largely in effective service. We make a full list

of sizes, and for exceptionally severe

conditions steel castings can be

furnished for the larger chucks.

Our New Pattern Face Plate Jaws have a
wider range and better attachment facilities
than any others.

write1for[the;specialJ[folder. .___.

The S. E. Horton Machine Company

WINDSOR LOCKS, CONN.

"■* (NOT THE E. HORTON & SON CO)

72

CANADIAN MACHINERY

Practically no new machinery equipment will be
requited. The company reports that it is still
well filled with orders and that its plant is run-
ning at full capacity. They report that pros-
l«ts for Canadian business are very bright, a
large number of their automatics having been
installed in Canada.

Norton Company's Canadian Plant.

The Norton Co.. Worcester, Mass.. manufac-
turers of grinding wheels mado from aluminum
have opened a small factory at Chippewa, for
the manufacture of carbide of silicon abrasives.
The plant will probably be the nucleus of a
Canadian industry to supply the Canadian trade.
The main plant is at Worcester. Mass.. where
grinding wheels, oil stones, sharpening stones in
great variety, glass cutting wheels, razor hones,
,t-.. are made. Besides the abrasive plant the
Norton Co. have operated an electric furnace at
Niagara Falls, N.V.. the material being shipped
from there to Niagara. In keeping with the
growth of the company and the establishment
of a small Canadian plant, it is of interest to
note that a European plant has been put into
operation at WesseUng. near Cologne. Germany.

Nova Scotia Steel Co. Absorb Harris
Forge Co.

The Harris Forge Co.. Ltd.. which has carried
on a large business at New Clasgow, N.S.. has
been absorbed by the Nova Scotia Steel & Coal
Co.. New Clasgow.

C. P. R. London Shops.

The C.P.R. has purchased a great deal of pro-
perty in the north end of I-ondon. The houses
are being removed and contractors are already
at work on the many improvements.

To Manufacture Automobiles in Hamil-
ton.

Publicity Commissioner Mulliss announces that
another big industry has been secured for Ha-
milton. It is the Acme Motor, Carriage & Ma-
chinery Co.. and will be capitalized at $1,000.-
000 to manufacture automobiles, taxieabs, car-
riages and road machinery. The new concern is
a merger of the Baynes Carriage Co.. of Ha-
milton, and the American Good Roads Machin-
es- Co., of Goderich. and some Detroit automo-
bile men. and the plant of the Baynes Co. will
be greatly enlarged and the products made in
Hamilton. They will specialize on a car that
will likely be known as the Canada-30. The
work of building the additions to the factory
will be gone on with at once. The Baynes works
will be extended in order that the bodies may
be built in the factory. The new concern will
employ about 150 hands, and the proposed direc-
tors arc : S. Jones Phillips, Kennet Square.
Pa. : F. W. Woods and H. F. Mancill. of
Goderich. representing the American Hoad Ma-
chinery Co. ; M. W. Best and D. P. Perry. De-
troit, representing the automobile interests, and
W. Southam, H. N. Kittson and P. D. Crerar.
K.C.. representing the Baynes Carriage Co.

New Industry for Medicine Hat.

The Alberta Iron Rolling Mills Co. has been
organized at Calgary with the intention of sup-
plying the Alberta trade. The capitalization is
tie* ff>n *t vMmIi <in onn a-ill Kp snpnt in erect-

ing buildings,
in plant.

$10,000 in machinery and $80,000

$10,000,000 Pulp Mill at Soo.

The prospects are bright for the establishment
at Sault Ste. Marie of a ten million dollar pulp
mill by a syndicate of American newspaper pro-
prietors, including owners in Chicago and San
Francisco. The Hearst interests, it is understood,
are among the chief backers, and they may
make a deal for the present mill of the Lake
Superior Corporation.

New M. S. R. Shops.

Work has been started on the new construction
and repair shop for the Montreal Street Railway
Co. The works will be situated at Youville.
north of the Villeray district. They are to bo
used for the construction and repair of street
cars. The new works will be of large dimensions,
the roof space alone of the main building hav-
ing an extent of 115,000 square feet, in addition
to which there are other erections with Beveral
miles of tracks.

The stores department situated to the west of
the main building, will measure 148 feet by 53
feet, and the fact of its being cut off from the
main part of the building will be of inestimable
advantage in the case of fire.

The shop's outfit will include every up-to-date
appliance and all modern equipment. The build,
ings will be of Laprairie brick and Montreal
limestone. The general lines to be followed in
the construction are plain, solid and fire proof.

Duponts Invade Canada.

VANCOUVER.— A $10,000,000 merger of all the
powder companies in Canada, with the exception
of the Giant Powder Company, branch factory
at Telegraph Bay, has just been effected. This
deal marks the advent of the Dupont interests
into Canada. It is understood that the interests
of the Nobels and the Duponts in the holding
company will be equal.

Duckworth-Boyer Co.

Aurelien Boyer, vice-president of the Duek-
worth-Boyer Engineering & Inspection Co., Mont-
real, has been named a director of l'Ecole Po-
lytechnique. the applied science branch of Laval
University. Mr. Boyer, whose grandfather, by
the way. was the first superintendent of Educa-
tion for Lower Canada, has always taken a
good deal of interest in the cause of education.
He will represent on the Board the graduates
of the above named school, which shows the i s-
teem in which this distinguished member of the
profession is held by his confreres. It is in<cr-
csting to note that the Duckworth-Boyer En-
gineering & Inspection Co.. are the Inspecting
Engineers for the steel work entering into the
construction of such large buildings as the New
Windsor Street Station Extension, the Place
Viger Station Extension, the Dominion Express
Co.'s New Building in Montreal and the New
Bank of Montreal Building in Winnipeg. Man.

Manufacturing Tool Steel.

The Canada Forge Co.. Welland, manufacturers
of iron and steel forgings, announce that they
havc taken up the manufacture oi tool steel in
addition to their regular line of forgings. High
grade tool steel for every purpose will be pro-
duced by them.

Western Canada's Commercial Develop-
ment.

Canada. commercially considered, is making
rapid progress. Roughly speaking, the Keel
manufactures and the West consumes. The farms
of Western Canada are producing a gross in-
come of $250,000,000 annually and the men who
make the farms produce this large sum of
money, are free spenders of their income. They
buy heavily of all lines of manufactured goods
from farm machioery down to wearing apparel
and nearly all of these goods are brought in
from Eastern Canada, Great Britain and the
United States. This producing and purchasing
power of the West was strongly impressed upon
the two hundred manufacturers from Eastern
Canada who recently passed through the western
provinces on their way to the annual coiivii
tion of the Manufacturers' Association at the
Coast. They saw the great progress the west
is making and the great opportunities the coun
try offers for large increase of a traffic which is
already enormous and highly profitable.

In the West, cities and towns are bidding for
new enterprises by the establishment of muni-
cipal leagues and bureaus through which adver-
tising campaigns are being vigorously pursued.
Winnipeg, Manitoba, is an example of what can
be accomplished by united efforts of this nature .
p'our years ago that city formed an official in-
stitution composed of representatives of several
business bodies, headed by the city council.
Board of Trade. Bankers' Association, etc.. en-
titled the Winnipeg Development and Industrial
Bureau. It is a perfect organization, that now
has representatives of sixteen business bodies on
its Board of Directors, having 8,700 affiliated
members, 425 of whom are business firms
who contribute to its financial require-
ments. These firms pay annual mem-
bership fees of $20 and every year they
appoint a delegation to wait upon the
city council and ask for a sum they deem to be
essential outside of members' contributions, to
carry on the work of advertising for the cur-
rent year. They get it too. In 1900, the city
prant was $1,500 ; in 1907. it $3,000 : in 1908, $6.-
i!0(l : in 1909. $10,000. and in 1910, $25,000.

In welcoming the Canadian Manufacturers' As-
sociation to Winnipeg on September 13th. Mayor
W. S. Evans in his remarks, directed attention
to the growing importance of Winnipeg as a
manufacturing city. Mayor Evans pointed out
that in 1900 the value of the manufactures pro-
duced in Winnipeg was $8,686,000. In 1905. it
reached $18,983,248 and. according to a census
taken by the Civic Bureau, the annual output
has now reached $3S,D00,000. 14.000 hands aiv
now employed who receive a monthly wage ex-
ceeding $750,000. and $20,000,000 is invested in in-
dustrial enterprises. Mayor Evans pointed out
to the four hundred guests at this banquet,
that there was room and opportunity for all. as
the wholesale hous'S of Winnipeg handled in ad-
dit'on to the local manufactured output a total
of over $100,000,000 of goods made Elsewhere dur-
ing the year. Winnipeg has under construction
one of the largest and best equipped power
plants on the continent that will cost, when
completed. $3,500,000. The Dominion Government
has in the past month officially opened St. An-
drews Locks on the Red River, thus placing
Winnipeg in direct ,vater communication with
Lake Winnipeg.

TRAVELERS

IBS

MOISTS

— — ¥

ff NORTHERN HIGH GRADE CRANES. \
NORTHERN ENGINEERING WORKS.

COALING-HOISTS Detroit Mich US A

JIB AND PILLAR

THE BEST MELTER AND THE BEST MADE CUPOLA IS THE

LADLE8

NEWTEN

CUPOLA

TRUCK8

Canadian Department, ADVANCE MACHINE WORK8, Ltd., Walkerv'.lle, Ont.

14 sizes Free Catalogue

NORTHERN ENGINEERING WORKS, Detroit. Mich., U. 8. A.
Canadian Department, ADVANCE MACHINE WORKS, Ltd., Walkerville, Ont.

High Speed Steel; Its Treatment in Modern Practice

By J. J. Duguid *

The efficiency of the Machine Shop has Been Greatly Increased by the Introduction of High-
Speed Steel. Mr. Duguid, in a Paper Read Before the Central Railway and Engineering Club,
Toronto, Gives a Summary of Recent Advances in Machine Shop Practice due to Progres-
sive Shops Adopting High-speed Steel. He Also Gives Valuable Pointers in Regard to Grind-
ing, Forging, etc., Which, if Followed, Will Give Excellent Results and Greatly Increase the
Present Output of Many Machine Shops.

T AM not going into the subject of done in them, they are therefore not

high speed steel technically, but will carrying a heavy enough cut, neither

give you my observations through using can they be run to proper speed, and

this steel and also what I have read about 50 p,c. of the steel efficiency is

about it. High speed steel got its name all you are getting under these condi-

3F

g&ji!

&fr)l

MB

"Vs^

J

\

Fig. U

no doubt from the fact that when it
was first introduced the only way to
get the increased efficiency of it was to
run the machines at a high speed, as
the old style machines were not built
to carry heavy cuts, the driving belts
and cones being too narrow to trans-
mit the necessary power, and it was
found if you increased these, as was
done in some cases, as shown in Fig. 1,
the other parts of the machine gave
out under the strain. These parts then
being strengthened up it was then
found that the whole machine frame
was not rigid enough and caused the
tools to break on account of the vibra-
tion, and in the face of these facts all
that could be done was to carry about
the same size cuts with the high-speed
steel as with old carbon steel, but speed
up the machines. It was at this point
that the manufacturers of machine
tools saw the necessity of building more
powerful and rigid machines, and to
them should be given as much credit for
increased output of machines as the
high speed steel manufacturers. Al-
though the great majority of machine
shops are using high speed steel at the
present time, I venture to say that very
few af them are getting over 45 p.c. of
the total efficiency of the steel, princi-
pally for the following reasons :

1. The great number of old out of
date machines and heavy work being

* General Foreman. G.T.R.. Toronto.

tions. There are conditions, however,
that old machines can be used to good
advantage with the high speed steel

o o o o o

O O O O O O

O O © O O O

o o o o ©

Fig. 2.—

and that is on repair work such as
skimming up old piston rods, valve
rods, etc.

2. The different shape of tools on
uniform work. Workmen will grind ma-
chine tools about the same as ladies
choose their hats, which is every shape

and some of these the most ridiculous.
1 believe if there was a uniform system
in every shop for the grinding of tools
(such as some shops have adopted) that
it greatly increases the life of the steel
also the efficiency.

3. The different speeds and size of
cuts on uniform work and material.
This is one of the most serious defects
in the use of high speed steel or in fact
any steel.

4. The use of belting not of proper
tightness and belts that are worn out.
I think you will agree with me that a
great many manufacturers will use a
belt until it all falls to pieces, although
it may be decreasing the output of
their high speed steel by 50 p.c. All
belting that is driving machine tools
should be adjusted with spring clamps
as shown with sketch, so as to ensure
proper tension and driving power.

5. The- over hang of tools in tool
rest causing excessive chattering and
consequently breaking of tools.

6. The use of dull tools also the
want of reforging. The use of dull
tools causes excessive heating destroy-

Noscef foot
Fig. 3.—

ing them and also a great loss an ac-
count of the extra power required to
drive the machine.

7. The want of proper supply of
cooling water used, thereby allowing the

-tool to become overheated and fail.

8. The want of variable speed enough
on the machines to suit the different
diameters of work.

9. The use of too light tools on
heavy work.

Now these are some reasons why we
are not getting nearly the full effi-
ciency from high speed steel, which must
be quite apparent to those of us cob-

34

CANADIAN MACHINERY

nected with machine shops, and are all
defects that can be remedied with pro-
per supervision- I will now try to de-
scribe to you the action of a tool and
its wear in cutting metal. A great
many of us imagine that it is the sharp
edge of the tool the same as a razor
that is doing the work, such however,
is not the case.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the ac-
tion of a tool in cutting a chip from a
forging at its proper speed, and it is
therefore plain that in all roughing
cuts the chip is torn away from the
forging rather than removed by the
action of cutting. The familiar

lip surface, ever presses against the
metal. The clearance surface, as its
name implies, is never allowed to touch
the forging. Thus "cutting" with a
metal cutting tool consists in pressing,
tearing, or shearing the metal away
with the lip surface of the "wedge"
only under pressure, while in the case
of the axe and other kinds of cutting
both wedge surfaces are constantly un-
der pressure. The enlarged view of the
chip, tool and forging, shown in Fig.
3 represents with fair accuracy the re-
lative proportions which the shaving
cut from a forging of mild steel finally
assumes with relation to the original

machines will not handle the heavy cuts
of high speed steel. The cause of these
variations in pressure is the making of
the chip in sections. It would appear

Fig. 4.

action of cutting, as exemplified by an
axe or knife removing a chip from a
piece of wood, for instance, consists in
forcing a sharp wedge (i.e. one whose
flanks form an acute angle) into the
substance to be cut. Both flanks of
the wedge press constantly upon the
wood, one flank bearing against the
main body of the piece, while the other
forces or wedges the chip or shaving
away. While a metal cutting tool looks
like a wedge, its cutting edge being
formed by the intersection of the "lip
surface" and "clearance surface" or
flank of the tool its action is far differ-
ent from that of the wedge. Only one
surface of a metal cutting tool, the

thickness of the layer of metal which
the tool is about to remove. Now some
of you may think this theory is all
wrong, because you have noted that
the cutting you have taken off a forg-
ing was of the same size as the depth
of cut and the feed you used, but that
only shows that you were not using a
heavy enough feed and not running at
a proper speed.

In experiments made to show the
pressure of the chip on the tool cutting
a chip of uniform size, that the pres-
sure varied with the waive like regular-
ity and that the smallest pressure was
about two-thirds the maximum pressure
and this is the reason that old light

Fig. s.-

that the chip is torn off from the forg-
ing at a point above the cutting edge
of the tool, and this teai'ing off action
leaves the forging in all cases more or
less jagged or irregular at the exact
spot where the chip is pulled away from
the forging, as shown to the left of A.
An instant later the line of the eutting
edge, or more correctly speaking, the
portion of the lip surface immediately
adjoining the cutting edge, comes in
contact with these slight irregularities
left on the forging owing to the tear-

Fig. 6.—

ing action, and shears those lumps off,
so as to leave the receding flank of the
forging comparatively smooth. The
cutting edge of the tool is continually
in action, scraping or shearing off or
rubbing away these small irregularities
left on the forging, yet that portion of
the lip surface close to the cutting edge
constantly receives much less pressure
from the chip than the same surface re-
ceives at a slight distance away from
the cutting edge. This allows the tool
to run at higher cutting speeds than
would be possible if the cutting edge

Fig. 1.-

received the same pressure as does the
lip surface close to it.

There are many things which indicate
this tearing action of the tool. For

Canadian machinery

35

example, it is an everyday occurrence
to see cutting tools which have been
running close to their maximum speeds
and which have under cut for a con-
siderable length of time, guttered out
at a little distance back of the cutting
edge, as shown in Fig. 5. The wear in
this spot indicates that the pressure of
the chip has been most severe at a lit-

^r

Fig. 8.-

tie distance back from the edge. Still
another manner in which in many cases
the tearing action of the tool is indi-
cated is illustrated in Fig. 6, in which
a small mass of metal is shown to be
stuck fast to the lip surface of the tool
after it has completed its work and
been removed from the lathe. Then
broken off, however, and carefully ex-
amined, this mass will be found to con-
sist of a great number of small parti-
cles which have been cut or scraped off
the forging, as above described, by the
cutting edge of the tool. They are
then pressed down into a dense little
pile of compacted particles of steel or
dust stuck together and to the lip sur-
face of the tool almost as if they had
been welded. In the case of the modern
high speed tools, when this little mass
of dust or particles is removed from the
upper surface of the tool, the cutting
edge will in most cases be found to be
about as sharp as ever, and the lip sur-
face adjacent to it when closely exam-

Fig. 9-

med will show in many cases the
scratches left by the emery wheel from
the original grinding of the tool.

With roughing tools made of old-
fashioned tempered steel, and which
have been speeded close to their "stand-
ard speeds'1' in most cases after remov-
ing this "dust pile" from the lip sur-

face the cutting edge of the tool will
be found to be distinctly rounded over.
And in cases where the tool has been
cutting a very thick shaving, the edge
will be found to be very greatly round-
ed over, as shown in the enlarged view
of the nose of a tool in Fig. 7.

With carbon steel tempered tools at
standard speeds the cutting edge begins
to be injured almost as soon as the
tool starts to work, and is entirely
rounded over and worn away before the
tool finally gives out, but the tool
works well in spite of its cutting edge
being damaged. While with high speed
tools at standard speeds, the cutting
edge remains in almost perfect condi-
tion until just before the tool, gives
out, when even a very slight damage at
one spot on the cutting edge will us-
ually cause the tool to be ruined in
very few revolutions.

Carbon tempered tools and also, to a
considerable extent, the old-fashioned

3acA S/o/>e

is next to and constantly rubs against
the cold body of the forging, and is
materially cooled by this contact.

Whether the lip surface be ground
away at high speeds or at slower
speeds, the nose of the tool as generally
"ruined" in a very short time after the
cutting edge has been so damaged that
it fails to scrape off smoothly even at
one small spot the rough projections
which have been left on the body of the
forging by tearing away the chip. The
moment the body of the forging begins
to rub against the clearance flank of
one of these high-speed tools at or just
below the cutting edge, even at one
small place, the friction at this point
generates so high a heat as to soften
the tool very rapidly. After a compar-
atively few revolutions, the cutting
edge and the flank of the tool beneath
it will be completely rubbed and melted
away, as shown in Fig. 8. A tool

Up surface

riant

Fig. 10.—

self-hardening tools such as Mushet,
when run at their "standard" speeds,
pass through the following characteris-
tic phases as they progress toward the
point at which they are finally ruined
"Rounding of the cutting edge,"
"mounting of the steel upon the lip,"
and the "rubbing away beneath the
cutting edge." Long before the tool is
ruined the fine particles of steel or dust
scraped off by the cutting edge, begin
to weld or stick to the lip of the tool
and mount upon it sometimes from 1-16
inch to i-inch in height, as shown in
Fig. 6. As stated above, in the case of
modern high speed tools the damage
caused to the tool through the action
of cutting is confined almost entirely to
the lip surface of the tool. Doubtless
also the metal right at the cutting
edge of the tool remains harder than it
is directly under the centre of pressure
of the chip, because the cutting edge

Mee/ o//00/

which was still in "fair" condition
when removed from the lathe, although
showing some slight signs of ruining, is
shown in Fig. 9. The above character-
istic of holding their cutting edges in
practically perfect condition while runn-
ing at economical speeds up to the
ruining point is a valuable property of
the high-speed tools, since it insures a
good finish, and the maintenance
throughout "the cut of the proper size
of the work, without the constant
watchfulness required on the part of the
operator in the case of old slow-speed
tools with their rounded and otherwise
injured cutting edges, which when run
at economical speeds were likely at any
minute to damage the finish of the
work.

But when one of these high-speed tools
is nearing its ruining point, a very
trifling nick or break in the line of the
cutting edge will be at once noticed by

CANADIAN MACHINERY

its making a very small but continuous
scratch, projecting ridge, or bright
streak, on the forging, that is, upon
that part of the forging from which the
spiral line of the chip has just been re-

Heavy cuts and heavy feeds have be-
come specially necessary because super-
intendents of shops have found it more
economical to reduce forging to size by
the heavy modern tools and high-speed

moved, thus warning the operator of
the impending break down of the tool.

Proper Speed to Run High-Speed Steel.
There can be no uniform standard for
the speed for the reason that even on
the same class of material there is a
wide variation in the speed that it can
be econnomically worked and then again
a forging of large dimensions can be
cut at a greater number of feet per
minute than a small one on account of
its capacity for carrying of the heat
generated, and the tool is not cutting
on the same point on the circumference
so often on account of the larger diame-
ter. A cutting speed which will cause

a given tool to be ruined at the end of
80 minutes is about 20 p.c. slower than
the cutting speed of the same tool if it
were to last 20 minutes. On the whole
it is not economical to run roughing
tools at a cutting speed so slow as to
cause them to last for more than one
and one-half hours without being re-
ground, this, of course, refers to work-
ing on ordinary machinery steel.

High speed can be used on forgings
up to 110 feet per minute, but only on
short cuts and light feeds on such work
as bolts, pins, etc., but when working on
heavy rigid forgings that require heavy
reduction to bring them to desired size
it is more economical to increase the
feed to the limit of the machine capac-
ity and reduce the feed to suit, as you
will find that by reducing the speed 25
p.c. the feed can be increased 50 p.e.

Fig. 11.—

steel, that under the hammers in the
forge shop, and are therefore having
much more material to remove than
they formerly did.

The following are some tests I have
made from time to time with high-speed
steel:

1st. Locomotive driving axle, speed,
75 f et per minute ; reduction, in diameter,
15-16 in.; feed, 3-16.

2nd. Old locomotive steel tyres, two
tools; depth of cut, &4n.; feed, 5-16-in.;
speed, 28 feet per minute; metal remov-
ed, 155 lbs. in 12 minutes.

3rd. Six pair of old and two pair new
63-in. locomotive driving tyres turned
in 5 hours 50 minutes; average time,
43.75 minutes each; average cutting
time, 35.87 minutes each pair; speed
from 14 to 21 feet per minute; 5-16 feed;
depth of cut, %-in.

4th. Forged steel shaft, 16 in. dia-
meter, 13 feet long; feed, %-in.; depth
of cut, 1 1-16-in. ; speed, 50 feet per min-
ute; the tool took this cut entire length
with one slight grinding.

Now, I do not pretend to say that
thi9 is the average cutting speed for
high-speed steel, but only to show how
much high-speed, steel will do.

•Regarding the shape of turning tools,
you will note in this paper that I have
only referred to standard roughing tools.
The shape of tools is of just as much
importance as the material they are
made of, and must have the following
requirements:

1st. To have the work true and suffi-
ciently smooth.

2nd. To remove the metal in the short-
est possible time.

3rd. To do the largest amount of work
with the lowest cost of grinding and
forging.

4th. To he adopted to the largest
variety of work.

5th. To remove the metal with the
lowest horse-power.

6th. It must be shaped to have the
point as strong as possible and cutting
edge supported.

One difficulty in practice is to hjr«
always a supply of 6harp tools for fhe
machinist, and it i9 better to have a few
shapes and plenty of tools, than to have
many shapes and not enough of any one
kind. These should be ground to tem-
plets, if they must be done by hand; but
an automatic tool grinder will pay even
in a moderate-sized shop.

Fig. 10 represents a good standard
roughing tool, and note that the lip sur-
face is raised above the body of the
tool; this is to increase the life of the
tool before being reforged and also to
reduce the grinding to a minimum.
Curved Cutting Edge Best.

The curved-edge cutting tool is best
for roughing in all cases, for the reason
that it removes a shaving which varies
in its thickness at all points, and that
the part of the cutting edge which fin-
ishes the cut is removing so little metal
that it remains sharp even though most
of the cutting edge has been worn or
broken away. The effect of this is shown
in Fig. 11. This indicates that the ac-
curacy and finish of the work depend on
that part of the edge from A to point B
remaining sharp and uninjured.

The curved face, as you will note on
Fig. 11, also puts the heaviest part of

Pig. 11.-

the cutting hack from the point, and
where the tool is heavy and can carry
off the generated heat. Standard tools
should have a clearance angle of 6 de-
grees for all classes of material, and a
back slope of 8 degrees for all material,
and a side slope of 14 degrees for cast
iron and hard steel, and 22 degrees for
medium and soft steel.

The lip angle is determined by making
it just blunt enough to stand the cut
without crumbling or spalling. A sharp
side slope is better than a sharp back
slope, because the tool can be ground
more often without weakening it, the
chips run off better, the strain is more
on the base of the tool and it is easier
to feed.

It may seem 6trange that the lip angle
for cutting east iron ia not is ke«n u

CANADIAN MACHINERY

for the softer steels, but the highest cut-
ting speeds, with equal depts of cut and
feed, can be obtained by using the angles
given. The thickness of the shaving has
the most important effect on the cutting
speed, much more so than the depth of
the feed. This is the reason for the ad-
vantage of the large curve on the cut-
ting edge, as this decreases the thick-
ness of the shaving, as can be seen in
Fig. 15.

The clearance angle of any tool is the
most important and if it is more than 6
degrees it will not properly support the
cutting edge, which will break and
cause a fracture of the tool.

Grinding of High Speed Tools.
I believe more tools are ruined by
careless grinding than by any other
means, and it is a peculiar fact that

A heavy stream of water should be
thrown directly on the chip as shown in
Fig 12 and not up the chip as in Fig. 13.
even though this might seem the correct
way. Experience has shown that throw-
ing it on the chip takes away the heat
fastest. A guide to the amount of water
to be used is that three gallons a minute
is right for tools 2 x 2!/2 inches, and
less for smaller tools. The gain is effi-
ciency by the use of water is given as:

40 per cent, with modern high-speed
tools.

30 per cent, with old-style self-harden-
ing tools.

20 per cent, with carbon-tempered
tools.

16 per cent, in cutting cast iron.

In some shops various cutting com-
pounds or lubricants (as they are call-
ed) are used on lathes and planers, but

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whieh high speed tools can 'be run at a
high temperature in work without injury.
They are easily destroyed on an emery
wheel, and if the tool is pressed firmly
against the wheel and allowed to heat
up you will find small cracks started in
the steel In a great many shops high
speed tools are ground on a dry wheel,
but I think this is a mistake, and again
when a wet wheel is used there is not
a sufficient amount of water used. Ex-
perience has shown that not less than
four gallons of water per minute should
be used. Automatic grinders should be
used for heavy grinding on all high
speed tools, as the pressure on the wheel
is uniform and the shape of the tools are
kept uniform, and much better results
will be obtained in turning out work.

Use of water on Material where Turning.

Water used on a high speed steel in-
creases its capacity in every case and
the gain practically the same for all
qualities of steel, and for removing thin
or thick chips. With high speed tools a
gain is made by using water on cast iron,
contrary to most belief*.

there is no extra efficiency using this
material on an engine lathe or planer,
any further than it does not rust the
machine. However, these compounds
give first-class results on drills, screw-
cutting machines and turret lathes, 'but
with these you require both a cooling
and lubricating mixture, whereas, on or-
dinary turning all that is required' is
cooling.

Horse-power Required Using High-Speed
Steel.

With the advent of high-speed steel
the power required to drive the machines
to their maximum increased enormously,
for example:

a 12-in. lathe increased from 1 to 4
horse-power.

a 30-in. lathe increased from 5 to 20
horse-power.

a 72-in. lathe increased from 16 to 50

horse-power.

and in a test made with a 72-in. lathe

with a cut iy2-in. drip and %-in. feed

and 30 feet per minute, required 75 h.p.

Fig. 14 shows the horse-power requir-
ed to remove metal with roughing tools
of the shape mentioned previously in thi»

paper, and it must be remembered that
the shape not only increases the life of
the tools and is easier on the machine,
but there is also a marked difference in
the power required.

Forging.

For forging high-speed steel an ordin-
ary forge fire will serve, though, indeed,
better results may be expected if better
apparatus is used.. The principal thing
is to secure the required heat, and to
keep air currents away from the tool
in heating. For small tools of the sim-
pler sort, good results are sometimes
obtained from an ordinary open fire.
The result is, however, much more likely
to be satisfactory df a sort of a hood is
built over the fire. This serves to pre-
vent the radiation of heat and the cir-
culation of air currents, and is a neces-
sity in heating tools of any size. It also
makes it easier to bring up the heat
gradually, and to apply it uniformly on
all sides of the tool, so that the heat
penetrates uniformly. This is an im-
portant point. Unless the mass of steel
to be wrought is uniformly hot through-
out, it will work unevenly in forging,
with the result that internal strains are
set up, which may ruin the tool when
it is put at work, if not before. Though
the heating is to proceed gradually, in
the sense that it must be regular, it may
go on .quite rapidly. In fact, it should
be done as rapidly as may be without
burning projecting edges or corners.
Unless this is done the heat soaks up
into the neck or shank, and when hard-
ening takes place this important part
of the tool loses some of its toughness.

The Right Heat.
However, the fire must not be too
hot, for in that case the outside is likely
to be burned before the interior is thor-
oughly heated; In any event there is
a likelihood that 'the toolsmith may be
deceived into thinking the whole mass
properly heated when in fact only the
outside is hot enough for forging. If
the interior has not reached a bright
red heat, or 1400 degrees F., it is not
ready for hammering. Of course it is
impossible to know the condition of the
interior, except through its behavior
under the hammer after removal from
the fire, and it is largely a matter of
experience to determine the proper time
during which a tool is to be heated.

Heating for Hardening.

The extent to which the heating is to
be carried for hardening may vary with-
in narrow limits, just short of melting
point. The steel will then be at a dazzl-
ing white, and just beginning to flux.
Some brands reach this point somewhat
short of the extreme white color.
Where this is the case, care must be
Continued on Page 4L

A Day's Ramble Through the M.C.R. Shops at St. Thomas

By Fred. H. Moody

Every Shop has its Wa\s and Means of Meeting Exigencies That Arise in the Shape of Un-
usual or New Jobs, but 'the Railway Repair Shop has an Exceptionally Large Number of Such
Special Tools. The M. C. R. Shops, Under the Direction of an able Staff of Men, have De-
veloped Numerous Special Methods and Devices, a Number of Which Were Picked up by
the Writer in a Recent Trip Through the Shops, and arc Here Given with Some Detail, as
They Will Doubtless Prove Beneficial to Machinists, in General, in Developing Initiative for
Undertaking New Jobs.

PART I.
The railway repair shop usually
proves to be a store house of excellent
ideas of doing work, for, from the class
of work to be done many special opera-
tions are made, necessitating1 special
tools and machinery. The saying that
"necessity is the mother of invention"'
applies very forcibly in such shops, for
when necessity arises, the tools essen-
tial to the work, are usually forth-

consists of a tool steel body B, of
which the shank C is held in the turret
head. The mill is bored out to the ex-
ternal size of the finished nipple A at

D, the face of it finishing the shoulder

E. An inserted tool F, ground like a
flat drill to correspond to the two in-
ternal diameters, bores as desired, this
tool being set as desired by set screw
G, bearing on the shank of the tool.
The whole mill can be dissembled for

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Fig. 1.— Self-cleaning Nut Holder for Turret Lathe.

coming. The Michigan Central repair
shops afford an exceptionally good ex-
ample for tools of all kinds abound, the
majority of them showing much ingen-
uity.

Machine Shop.

The machine shop invariably has a
number of special methods, and this
shop proves to be no exception. Fig.

1 shows a nut holder for us$ in tapping
nuts on the turret lathe — brass nuts in
particular. The special feature is that
it is self-cleaning. The shank A is held
in the turret head, and the nut in re-
cess B. A blast of air is admitted by
a valve to gripe C, which blows into
the holder removing the chips. The in-
tensity of the blast can be so regulated
as to keep the holder always clean with
no interfering chips or cuttings. Th.;
chips and blast are let out through
side passage D during the tapping oper-
ation-

The turret-lathe has developed a num-
ber of special tools in these shops, Fig.

2 being representative of one class of
such. As can be seen, it is a forming
tool for boring and turning the nipple
A, the only other operation required
being the bevelling of the end by the
cutting-off tool. In form, it is like a
hollow mill with an inserted formed

regrinding, when needed, and is there-
fore very convenient. The tool F can
be sharpened at an ordinary wheel with-
out setting up in a cutter grinder. As
before mentioned this system is used
extensively, this one tool affording but
a single example. The same tool may
be used for different bores by inserting
a different sized cutter F, and similar-
ly the internal cutter F may be used

the approximate size shown. The reamer
is turned to the finished tap, and
and threaded with a type of worm
thread, wiith a pitch of three. The
valve stem is first drilled, and then this
rough reamer inserted, all these opera-
tions being done on the turret lathe.
Each of these teeth presents a separate
cutting tool to the work reducing it
very rapidly, in fact, as heavy a feed
may be used as with the drill. After
this roughing operation, the usual fin-
ishing reamer is employed.

Separating a tapered pin connection,
such as that shown in Fig. 4, usually
presents considerable difficulty, as the
taper key used to hold the two parts
A and B together, forces the two parts
together very tightly. The following
method is employed to separate them :
After the removal of the key two pieces
shaped like C and D are inserted. C is
cut out at the centre, and D has a
central projection as shown. The wedge
E when driven down, forces outward on
the projection of D and loosens the two
parts, which can then be removed. This
is much preferable to the customary
method of loosening by tapping on the
outer shell, the latter method also
mars the work.

Many and divers are the bolt hole
facing tools in use, but the one em-
ployed at these shops, is second to
none. While it is not new in principle,

Fig. 2.— Hollow Mill for M:\king Nipples on the Turret Lathe.

in other mills of larger size. This plan
has been developed to a considerable ex-
tent.

Fig. 3 shows an excellent form of
roughing reamer used for roughing out
the valve stem connection shown at A,
Fig. 4. Referring to Fig. 3 it can be
seen that the reamer is formed from

tool to do the internal work. The tool round stock flattened and tapered to

it is so seldom seen, that it is worthy
of description. The general construc-
tion, feed, and other details, are so
well understood, that a description is
unnecessary. The interesting feature
lies in the cutter A, which is turned up,
and the teeth milled out from a high
speed steel block. In place of being
keyed in the usual manner, the centre

CANADIAN MACHINERY

hole is bored flat on one side, and the light in construction, 1 inch cuts with

bar itself flattened to correspond. This 1-16 inch feed can be taken on cast

acts as the drive for the cutting tool. iron locomotive wedges.

Being made of high speed steel, it A convenient vise for planing thin

Fig. 3.— Rough Reamer for Turret Lathe.

stands a good deal of abuse in the
shape of being roughly used on the
hard skin of the casting. It is princi-
pally used for facing the bolt holes in
the locomotive saddle, i.e., the connec-
tion between the cylinder and boiler.

Where similar wedges must be pro-
duced in sets', a simple method of sett-
ing them up must needs be employed, if
rapid and accurate work is to be ex-
pected. The jig shown in Fig. G meets
these requirements admirably. They
operate in pairs. Essentially, they con-

strips is shown in Fig. 7, and is em-
ployed for planing the thin valve strips
used in locomotive balanced D slide
valves. The jig consists of a body A,
on the top of which the work is secur-

39

supported. The cast iron body A,
which swings between lathe centres,
has the two screws B B passing rad-
ially through the centre. The brass is
set in on this, and the end set screws
C C tightened down loosely, holding the
brass against the collar D of the jig.
The brass is then centralized «"n the
usual manner by adjusting screws E B,
and tapping the brass from side to side,
when the screws C are tightened down
and the brass machined. The principal
feature of the jig, is the ready manner
in which the second and succeeding
brasses of a set may be chucked. After
the first, B and B are correctly set so
the simple side adjustment is all that

Fig. 6. — Planer for Planing Wedges and Slippers.

Fig. 4. — Removing Valve Steam from Valve Rod.

sist of a steel forging A with a projec-
tion to fit the planer slot, and two
lugs B B through which are the set
screws D D. In the base, are the two
screws E E with pin tops, which fit
into holes in a strip F. In use, the
screws E E are so adjusted as to give
the proper taper to the shoe to be
planed. The shoe is inserted into the
jig, and is shoved against the shoulder
which lines up the work. To hold the
work more securely than it would be
possible with the use of set screws
alone, intermediate pins H H are used,
which are of hardened steel pointed at
the end which touches the work, and
round to fit the set screw at the other
end. They can be set at any angle to
bring a considerable downward pressure

ed. The body has a groove B, to fit
the planer to which it is bolted. Two
stationary projections C C of thin bar
iron align the work, and it is held on
the other side against these projections

is necessary, the brass swinging on the
tips of screws B B. The whole is driven
through the double lug E, by dogs on
the lathe face plate.
Fig. 9 is from a data sheet gotten

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Fig. 7.— Planer Vise for Valve Strips.

by the piece D which is tightened down
on the strip. The stop E is a hardened
steel strip knife edged against the strip
being planed. It is held at the other
end by piece F, which has a bolt slot.

Fig. 5.— Bott Hole Facing Tool.

on the work. To set up, the left set
screw D is screwed up with its inter-
mediate pin, against the work, shoving
the wedge over to shoulder Q. The
other set screw D is then tightened
down on the work. The shoulder G
aligns it perfectly. While apparently

The bolt is tightened down loosely and
then F is tapped up tight when the
bolt is tightened down securely. It is
thus held firmly from all sides.

A handy jig for turning locomotive
brasses is shown in Fig. 8, the broken
lines indicating the way in which it is

out by the apprentice depart-
ment. Each of the different shops of
the New York Central lines, gets out
several such each year. This one, while
not exactly new, has never been seen
by the writer in this form, and ought
to prove of value in determining the
nature of a ferro metal when no other
means (is at hand.

For testing boilers with hydraulic
pressure, a handy pump has been rigged
up, utilizing old parts. The pump it
self has a 3-inch plunger, and the power
end consists of an old 8-inch air cylin-
der. Using the slip air pressure on this
produces an extremely high hydraulic
pressure for the boiler, the latter being
regulated at will by the air. pressure.

On the boring mill, in place of the
usual type of movable chucks, they have
special chucks made from steel forg-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

ings, and which will therefore stand the
great strain put upon them, when hold-
ing heavy steel locomotive tires. Each

bar, as the hole in the cutter, Fig. 2, is
central, making the cutter reversible.
As new ends are often required on the

Turning Locomotive Brasses.

chuck has a dowel hole, which corres-
ponds at different points on the boring
mill table, with similar holes. The

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Fig. 9.— Spark Test.

dowels being used, relieves the tighten-
ing bolts from any strain, and prevents
slipping of the chuck on the table.

GOOD CUTTER BAR.

Fig. 1 shows the tip of an excellent
cutter bar used in the shops of the Lon-
don Machine Tool Co., Hamilton, the
cutter for which is shown in Fig. 2. In
operation the bar is usually attached to
a support on the carriage of the lathe,
and centred by a steady rest, the carri-
age feeding it forward into the work.
A steady stream of water is forced onto
the cut at all times by two imbeddel
brass tubes AA, down the side of the
cutter bar, which is J inch smaller than
the bore. This heavy stream of water,
keeps the tool cool, and at the same
time drives out the chips through the
longtitudinal cut-outs BB.

The pin C is absolutely central in the

cutter bar, from the fact that the old
ones twist off or become broken, etc., a
jig is used, which makes central

Fig. 1.— A Good Cutter Bar.

drilling very easy. This jig is
shown in Fig. 3. The bar is shoved
in from the left, in a bush if required,
the end slot going up against the cross-
piece, so that the hole C in Fig. 1, is
always the same distance from the bot-
tom of the groove. No trouble is thus
experienced in reproducing ends for any
size as a range of bushes are always on
hand.

The particular feature about the cut-
ter-bar is the cutter, shown in Fig. 2,
which is made standard in every way
and is formed of high speed steel. A
special jig to take any size cutter is
used to drill the hole A centrally and the
same standard distance from the back
adaptable to any size, the cutter is tap-

body B of the jig, is held in the adjust-
able arm of the grinder, which can be
set for 70 degrees, the angle of the cut-
a tapered pin in hole A, the cutter be-
ing held against the back shoulder. The

Fig. 2.— A Good Cutter Bar.

ter. D is an arm that extends from end
to end through the jig body, and holds
the cutter. C and C are two holes on
the same circle, 180 degrees apart. After
setting for, and grinding one face of the
cutter, the spring pin E may be pulled
up. and the arm D containing the cutter,

Fig. 3.— A Good Cutter Bar.

swung 180 degrees so that the pin E is
in the diametrically opposite hole, so
that the cutter can be ground exactly
the same as the other face. Similarly
the grinder table can be set for the sides
micrometer measurements. Thus any
cutter will fit either way into a cotter

Fig. 4.— A Good Cutter Bar.

as with the bar. Then in another jig,
ered and the lip cut by a 2-pitch stocking
miller in both sides by reversal. It will
be noticed that the lip becomes deeper to-
wards the centre, caused by the special
design of the jig. Its special feature is
its flexibility for machining any sized
cutter.

After tempering, the blades are sharp-
ened in a Gisholt grinder, the special
jig shown in Fig. 4, being used. The
cutter is held in the left hand groove by

bar. But, to insure against any possible
which can be symetrically ground to
error, the parts are all numbered to fit
one way.

The whole cutter-bar, cutter, and
necessary jigs, reflect credit on the de-
signer, as they are adapted to a wide
range of work. The standard features
of the bar and cutter, which make them
mutually interchangeable is a very prom-
inent and noteworthy feature.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

HIGH SPEED STEHL.

Continued From Page 37.
taken that sharp edges and angles of
the tool are not melted down. As in
forging, it is necessary to see that the
heating proceeds uniformly, and reaches
through the entire mass of metal.

The Air Blast.

As most of the high speed steels
harden by mere exposure to air, little ap-
paratus is absolutely required in addi-
tion to the heating furnace; and some
very good results have been obtained
with none at all. The hardness of the
steel depends considerably, however, on

the rapidity of the cooling,, therefore
mere exposure to the air and slow cool-
ing is not always satisfactory — for
many purposes, indeed, it is very unsat-
isfactory.. Most makers recommend the
air blast for hardening. As this fur-
nishes a continuous supply of good air
in rapid motion, the result is generally
good.

Since part of the latent heat in the
air is extracted in the process of com-
pression, compressed air is better for
the purpose than that from a blower.
The convenience and simplicity of this
agent, when available, recommends it-
self.

The Different Uses of High Speed SteeL

When high speed steel was first in-
troduced users were of the opinion that
it was only fit for roughing tools. This
was a fact at that time as the edges of
the tools would not keep sharp enough
for the finer classes of tools. However,
since that time the manufacturer of high-
speed tools have improved it so that at
the present time it can be used, and is
used, for milling cutters, reamers, cold
saws, and, in fact, all machine shop tools,
with good success, and a great increase
of efficiency over canbon steel, and at
the present time it is also used for the
very finest of tools, even razors.

Machining a 1 2,000 h.p. Generator at the Canada Foundry

The Contract Between the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission and the Ontario Power Co. at
Niagara Falls has Necessitated the Making of Three 12,000-h.p. Generators, the Contract {or
These Being Secured by the C. G. E. The Machine Work on These Large Machines is Being
Done at the Canada Foundry, Toronto. As Many Large Jobs are Now Being Done in Cana-
dian Shops, the Machining and Handling of These Large Generator Frames Cannot Help but
be of Interest.

'TpHE Ontario Power Co., Niagara
■*• Palls, in order to supply the power
required by the Hydro-Eleetnic Power
Commission, have placed a contract
with the Canadian General Electric Co.,
Toronto, for three new units of 12,000
h.p. These are 3-phase, 25 cycle, 12,000
volts and will run at 187J r.p.m.

The machining of these three large
generators was done at the Canada
Foundry, Toronto, under the supervi-
sion of Mr. Loach, general foreman. An
idea of the size may be gained by refer-
ence to the accompanying illustration.
Setting on Planer.

The first operation was to plane the
jointing surfaces of the two parts of
the frame. The joint line
was set up parallel, but on account
of the large diameter of the hubs, it
would not pass through the housings.
One end, was, therefore, planed first,
then it was turned and reset against
an angle plate and other end finished to
angle plate, giving a perfect line.
Slotter and Drilling.

After the plan'ng it was taken to a
locomotive frame slotter and slotted
for the li on. keyway on both sides,
the two keyways being done at ence.

It was then drilled on two drills at
once. There are four 2 in. holes on
each end for 2 in. turned and titled
bolts with case-hardened heads. The
two parts were then assembled in a
wheel pit and the keys fitted.

The bore of the frame is 14 ft. It was
machined to size on an 18 ft. boring
mill. Th»3 is a 20 ft. 4-inch job, and

was done on the 18 ft. mill by running
the housing back, taking off small parts
and erecting parallel strips on table of
boring mill extending out to take in
the job. The mill is a back geared
powerful' mill driven on face plate built
by .Ichn Bertram & Sons Co., Dundas.
The mill operated successfully under the
load of -38,040 lbs.
After boring, which had to be done to

within .001 in., to keep air space in
generator accurate to g"ive high effi-
ciency, it was put on a planer and the
legs that set on the base were accurate-
ly planed. This was done by setting up
to. the centre line of bore as in many
cases a casting has to be moved from
plane centre of casting. In this method
a correct height from base for bearing
is obtained.

Machining 12.000 h.p. Generator Fram» at Canada Fouadry. Toronto.

w

lOfttX*

Lake Superior Corporation and Subsidiary Companies

Large Additions are Being Made to the Various Interests of the Lake Superior Corporation,
Which Will Make it One of the Largest Steel Plants in America. Altogether 7,840 Men are
Given Employment at the Present Time. Last Year was a Record Year With the Company.
but 191 1 Will, no Doubt, Show Increases. The Enlarging of This Industry Shows the Satis-
factory Outlook for the Canadian Steel and Iron Trade.

'pHE Lake Superior Corporation is
undergoing a period of pros-
perity which necessitates many
large adit ions to the plants. Among
those affected are : Dominion Tar and
Chemical Co., tar distilling plant ;
shingle and keg factory in connection
with the Algoma Steel Co.; Soo saw
mills ; Bi-product coke oven plant ;
Docks, coal, rail and ore ; Algoma Cen-
tral Railway ; Algoma Steel Co., blast
furnaces ; Gas washing plant ; Gas En-
gine Power Plant ; Open Hearth De-
partment ; Bessemer Department ;
Blooming Mill ; Rail Mill ; Finishing
Mill ; Merchant Mill ; Algoma Iron
Works; Sault Ste. Marie Pulp & Paper
Co., and Lake Superior Power Co.

Tar Distilling Plant.
The plant of the Dominion Tar &

Chemical Co. is under construction.
This plant will employ 50 men to start
with and will manufacture out of the
coke oven tar, hard pitch for briquett-
ing purposes, creosote for the preserva-
tion of timber and light oils.

Shingle and Keg Factory.

The Algoma Steel Co. have nearly
completed a factory for the manufac-
ture of shingles, kegs and boxes to be
used in shipping material such as spikes,
bolts, nuts, and other steel products of
the new Merchant Mills. This plant
was formerly a hardwood veneer plant
and is being converted into the above.

Soo Saw Mill.

The Soo Saw Mill has a capacity of
250,000 ft. per day, 40,000 shingles per
day, 35,000 pickets per day and 60,000

Blast Furnace Plant. Luke Superior Corporation. Sault Ste. Marie.

T. J. DRUMMOND.
President Lake Superior Corporation.

laths per day giving employment to
180 men. There is now 10,000,000 ft of
lumber on hand, all sold, being shipped
as fast as seasoned. The mill is op-
crated from March 1 to Dec. 1, the
season's cut being 26,000,000 ft. Logs
are cut on Algoma Central grant lands
and brought to the Soo by Algoma
Central Ry. and by water.

By-product Coke Oven Plant.

This plant is under construction and
will employ 125 men. There will be 110
Koppers type ovens installed by H. Kop-
pers, Essen, Germany. The size of the
ovens is 37 ft. long, 19 ft. wide and 10
ft. high, each charge being 12.75 tons
of coal. The yield per oven is 76 per
cent, or 9.69 coke per oven, the time re-
quired being 21 hours. The total capac-
ity of the plant is 1100 tons per day of
24 hours, blast furnace coke, 505,000
tons coal per annum being required.

The coal used is gas coking coal from
Cannelton, West Virginia. The com-
pany has acquired 6,000 acres of coal
lands in West Virginia from the Cannel-
ton Coal & Coke Co. and are now op-
crating them.

One of the bi-products will be 27,000
tons of tar per year, to be used by the
Dominion Tar & Chemical Co. The
3400 tons sulphate of ammonia per
year will be sold in the general mar-
kets and the 7,500,000 ft. surplus gas

CANADIAN MACHINERY

43

Crusher Plant and Shafts. Helen Mine, Michipicoten.

. •

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1 - ! — . ■ , — i ,."i _ r^fcrCi.. i 1

Helen Mine. Michipicoten. The Mines are Connected by Kailway with Michipicoten Harbor on Lake Superior, a Distance of Hi 111™

\ About 3.500 tons are Loaded Into the Boats in two Hours.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

per 24 hours will be used in the Steel
Plant for heating furnaces, soaking pits
and fuel. The coke from these ovens
will be used direct in the blast fur-
naces of the Algoma Steel Co. and
handled in special cars by electric loco-
motives to the blast furnace tracks.

New Dock.

A coal dock of 900 ft. is under con-
struction and it will be equipped with
two unloading machines with a capacity
of 600 tons of coal per hour from ves-
sels. The total coal to be handled over
this dock during season of navigation,
May 1 to Nov. 30, is 650,000 tons. The
coal storage is 1,400 ft. by 300 ft. for

The commercial dock is used by the
Algoma Central Ry. for handling all
classes of commercial business, includ-
ing coal for outside industries and dif-
ferent commodities from package freight
boats.

Blast Furnaces.

Blast furnaces Nos. 1 and 2 of the
Algoma Steel Co. have a capacity of
250 tons per day. The stacks are 80
ft. high and 10 ft. 6 in. in hearth. They
are now producing Bessemer Iron which
is taken direct to the Bessemer Con-
verter and used in the form of hot
metal. There are four steam blowing
engines with 44 in. steam cylinders and
74 in. blowing tubs. These engines are

each, total horse power in building be-
ing 17,600. Four of these engines have
blowing tubs for blowing the three blast
furnaces, and the other four are direct
connected with 1,500 k.w. generators
for supplying electric power to the new
Merchant Mills, docks, and for the
Blooming Mill motor.

Open Hearth Department.

Three 40-ton open hearth steel fur-
naces are in operation, producing 280
tons steel per day. Three additional
furnaces of same capacity are under
construction and will be in operation
early next year.

These furnaces are charged with basic
pig iron and scrap which is converted

Interior of Rail Mill. Lake Superior Corporation. Sault Ste. Marie.

storage of winter supply of coal for
coke ovens.

The rail dock, for loading rails and
steel products into vessels for water
shipment, is 450 feet.

The old ore dock is 900 ft. To this
is being added 705 ft. making a total
of 1605 ft. It is equipped with three
ore bridges with 4-ton buckets, handl-
ing ore from vessels to docks and from
docks to furnaces, the ore handled per
year bang 650,000 tons.

The total dock frontage is 2,955 ft.,
all deep water admitting the largest
freight boats. Most of the ore and rails
and a large portion of the coal is
handled by the company's boats. All
the docks employ 250 men.

to be replaced by the gas blowing en
gines now under construction.

The new blast furnace No. 3 will have
a capacity of 450 tons per day with a
stack 96 ft. high. The three blast fur-
naces will employ 250 men.

Gas Washing Plant.
Under construction is a plant for
washing blast furnace gas by scrubbing
with water to purify the gas for use in
gas engines. In this connection a new
pumping plant for water supply is be-
ing put in with a capacity of 30,000,000
gallons of water in 24 hours.

Gas Engine Power Plant.
The gas engine power plant has eight
Allis-Chalmers gas engines of 2200 h.p.

into steel by high heat secured from the
use of producer gas. The heat in these
furnaces average about eight hours.
Steel is poured into ingots and taken
to soaking pits.

Bessemer Department.

Two 4-ton converters make from 175
to 200 heats per day. The average is
800 tons Bessemer steel in 24 hours. In
these converters the hot iron from the
blast furnaces, is used and converted
into steel by the blast. These heats
average about nine minutes and the
steel is determined by color test. The
steel is poured into ingots and taken
to soaking pits to get uniform heat be-
fore rolling.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

4S

Bessemer and Open Hearth Blooming
Mill.

The steel ingots are taken from soak-
ing pits and are rolled into blooms with
18 passes. The capacity of the mill is
1,200 tons per day. A 4,000 k.w., d.c.
motor is being installed to operate this
mill. The motor equipment will be in
operation in Jan., 1911.

The blooms are cut at shears in
lengths according to the weight of rail
to be rolled. The blooms are then
placed in reheating furnaces by electric
charging machines to get even heat in
the steel before rolling into rails.

The blooms are taken from heating
furnaces and carried to rail mill by
tables and passed through three stands
of rolls, 11 passes in all to finished rail.
The section's rolled are 56 to 100 lbs.
per yard. Hot saw cuts rail to length
33 ft. before passing to cooling beds.

Rails after cooling are straightened,
drilled, and loaded on cars. They are
all tested to see that the section is per-
fect and not over i-in. variation al-
lowed in lengths. Part of the product
is shipped out by rail and part taken
to docks on cars and loaded on vessels
for shipment. The total number of
men employed in the steel plant is
1,500.

The Merchant Mills include one 18 in.
mill and one 12 in. mill. The product
will consist of all shapes and sizes of
steel from f in. rounds to 8 in. beams
and channels and 6 in. angles, also
spikes, bolts and nuts, all railway fast-
enings and tie plates. The 18-in. mill
will be operated with a 1,500 h.p.
motor and the 12 in. by a 900 h.p.
motor. Tables will all be electrically
operated. This plant will give employ-
ment to 200 men.

The foundry produces 20 tons iron
castings per day. The machine shops are
equipped for both heavy and light work,
and does work for outside companies in
addition to repair work and renewals
for the different subsidary companies.
They employ 150 men.

The Sault Ste. Marie Pulp & Paper
Co. produce 100 tons pulp per day from
spruce wood cut in the company's wood
operations. Water power is used by
vertical turbines connected with pulp
grinders. Steam dryers produce pulp 98
per cent. dry. About 150 men are em-
ployed.

Water power is used by the L'ake
Superior Power Co., through six pen-
stocks to generate electric power for
street railways. Tagona Water & Light
Co., city use and power for different in-
dustries.

Other Interests.

In addition to these industries at
Sault Ste. Marie, the Corporation owns
and operates the International Transit

Co. with 3i miles of track and 8-minute
service electric cars ; also the ferry be-
tween the two Soo's, having two large
ferry boats, and the Trans-St. Mary's
Traction Co. at Sault Ste. Marie.
Mich., with 7 miles of track.

The Algoma Commercial Co. owns
and operates ear shops located on the
line of the Algoma Central Railway
with modern car manufacturing ma-
chinery, and an output capacity of 5
cars per day.

All industries at Sault Ste. Marie are
located on the tracks of the Terminal
Railway, which is owned and operated
by the Algoma Central Railway.

The Algoma Central Railway is now
operating 70 miles north of Sault Ste.
Marie, and has 26 miles in operation
from Michipicoten Harbor north, with
140 miles under construction, wbich will
be completed by the latter part of 1911
giving a connection through from Sault
Ste. Marie and Michipicoten to the
Canadian Pacific.

The company owns and operates the
Helen Iron Mine, located on the Al-
goma Central Railway, 11 miles north
of Michipicoten Harbor, which produces
200,000 tons of high grade iron ore per
year, and started shipping this year at
the rate of 50,000 tons of 44 p.c. sulphur
iron pyrites. This is the largest pro-
ducing iron mine in Canada. The ore
is all hauled to a modem dock at Mich-
ipicoten Harbor, having twelve loading
pockets, and capacity of handling 1,000
tons of ore per hour from cars to ves-
sel. In addition to Helen Mine, in this
territory the company is now opening
up the Magpie Mine, which has been
proven by drilling to be a very large
deposit of Bessemer ore. A large force
of prospectors and six diamond drills
are kept at work constantly in pros-
pecting and testing iron properties.

PETRIE LEVEL.

The accompanying illustration is a
full size reproduction of a level that is
being sent to those interested by the
H. W. Potrie Co., Front St., Toronto.
It is a very useful instrument and is

C. P. R. OFFICIALS' CONVENTION.

Matters of importance pertaining to
the welfare of the C.P.R., the discus-
sions being principally in connection
with motive power and rolling stock,
was the business discussed by the lead-
ing officials of the mechanical depart-
ment of that company at the fourth
annual convention which was held in
Fort William recently.

Fifteen officials, including superinten-
dents of locomotive power, master me-
chanics, assistant master mechanics,
superintendents of shops and mechani-
cal engineers, representing the C. P. R.
system from coast to coast attended.
The convention is held in Fort William
annually the second week in November
and at Montreal early in the spring.

New ideas as to the construction of
locomotives for speed and safety, and
also for the construction of passenger
coaches, for the maximum of comfort
are discussed. Those attending the con-
vention in Fort William are H. H.
Vaughan, of Montreal, assistant
to the vice-president, who is the chair-
man ; C. H. Temple, of Winnipeg, assis-
tant superintendent of motive power on
western lines ; L. R. Johnston, Mon-
treal, assistant superintendent of mo-
tive power on eastern lines ; J. B.
Elliott, Montreal, master mechanic of
the eastern division ; C. R. Ord, Mc-
Adam, master mechanic of the Atlantic
division ; J. Mills, Toronto, master
mechanic of the Ontario division ; A.
Dixon, Toronto, superintendent of
shops ; G. Reid, North Bay, master
mechanic of the Lake Superior division;
R. Preston, Winnipeg, master mechanic
of the Manitoba division ; W. Wood-
house, Winnipeg, superintendent of
shops ; J. Frith, Winnipeg, mechanical
engineer ; G. Evans, Montreal, mechan-
ical engineer ; S. Phipps, Vancouver,
master mechanic of the Pacific division;
R. Pyne, Calgary, master mechanic ; A.
T. Short, Moose Jaw, master mechanic
of Saskatchewan division.

PNEUMATIC TOOLHOLDER.

On page 48 of the November issue of
Canadian Machinery is a description of
a pneumatic toolholder used on Bertram

ST El AM PUMPS

PLANERS

ENGIN ELS

CONDENSERS

LATHES

BOI L.E1RS

H. W. Petrie Level.

accurate in construction. Readers of
Canadian Machinery, writing to H. W.
Petrie on their company's letterhead
and mentioning Canadian Machinery,
will be supplied with one of these use-
ful levels gratis.

wheel lathes. This clamp was designed
by W. Peterson of the C.P.R. shops,
Montreal, who has taken out. Canadian
and United States patents. This pa-
tent, No. 128267, has been assigned to
John Bertram & Sons Co., Dundas.

MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES

Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers'
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions

Opinions
paid

f

or.

PITCH OF PROPELLERS.
By H. J. McCaslin.

It occurred to the writer, after read-
ing with much interest Mr. Cleaton's
article, Practical Method of Obtaining
Pitch of Propellers, appearing on page
45, November issue of Canadian Machin-
ery, that he, as well as other readers of
your publication might, perhaps, be in-
terested in a simple and inexpensive
device employed extensively along the
Great Lakes.

The outfit is shown in Fig. 1, and eon-

edge of the leg A of the angle, the leg is
adjusted untill it lies in the same plane
as that of the upper edge of the piece D.
This operation is identical to sighting
over two parallels to detect the wind or
twist in a board or surface, only in this
case the leg of the angle is adjusted, to
suite the variation. Distortion is very
apt to appear in the different blades of
a propeller and it is advisable to try
each one and then take the different aver-
age of any difference, which may be
found.

"Tig CT^,

Fig. 1.— Measuring Piteh ol Propellor.

sists of 3 in. parallel pieces about 36 in.
long, 2 in. wide and % in. thick, and 2
little blocks about % in. square. Two
of the pieces are fastened together with
a bolt or screw, in the form of an angle,
as shown, this arrangement permitting
the adjustment of the leg A while try-

To obtain this variation, the distance
E can be measured after each adjust-
ment of the angle to the various 'blades,
and then the leg A set midway between
the two extremes for making the calcu-
lations.

The distance F which is the horizontal

Pig. 2.— Pitch oi Propellor.

ing for the angle of pitch. The two
little % in. square blocks B are bradded
to the lower leg C in about the position
shown, and are intended for bearing
joints, as the edge of this leg would not
rest evenly upon the curved surface of
the blade. Fig. 2 shows the manner in
which the device is applied. The piece
D is placed across the hub parallel with
the angle which is set near the tip of the
blade. Now by sighting orer the upper

distance between the angle and tip of
blade is next measured and we are ready
to calculate the pitch of the propeller.
For an example, let it be assumed that
the propeller to be measured is 6 feet 8
inches diameter with a piteh of 9 feet
3 inches, the latter dimension, of course,
being the one to be found. Since the
propeller is 6 feet 8 inches diameter and
the angle is placed 1 inch from the tip
of the blade aa shown at F, the diameter

upon which the pitch is taken would be
6 feet 6 inches and this diameter would
have a circumferential length of 20.42
feet. Now by applying the scale of 1
ineh=l foot, we lay off 20.42 inches up-
on the upper edge of the lower leg of
angle as shown in Fig. 1 and apply a
square as shown, and measure the per-
pendicular distance G. This distance G
is equivalent to the pitch of the pro-
peller to a 1 inch=l foot scale and it
would be 9^4 inches in this instance
which would be equal to 9 foot 3 inches,
the pitch of the propeller.

The reason for the above method
arises from the fact that a true screw
or helex is formed by a right angle
triangle wrapped around a cylinder, the
base of said triangle will equal the cir-
cumference of the screw, the perpen-
dicular will equal the pitch, and the
hypothenuse will equal the length of
the winding thread or helix.

MACHINING WATER WHEEL
GATES.

It is principally with the boring of
the pivot holes shown at A, Figs. 1 and
2, that this article has to deal, rather
than with the general machining of the
gates.

Consider first the small gate shown, in
Fig. 1. It measures 11 ins. from tip to
tip, and is 12 ins. in width, with two 3
in. bosses B, one on either edge of the
gate. The core of hole A is often off
centre. Preliminary to boring this hole,
the two sides are planed the proper
width. Then, for the boring operation,
an angle plate is bolted to the face plate
of the lathe, the proper distance off
centre, so that when the gate is resting
at points C and D, the centre of hole A
is in line with the lathe eentre. Align-
ment in the other direction is quickly
made by bringing the outer edge at D,
up to a line previously marked on the
angle plate. The gate is then forced
against the face plate on its finished
edge, and bolted there, and the one boss
bored with a small inside boring tool,
and reamed, in that position. The other
boss, which must be aligned perfectly
with this first one before being bored,
has this feature expeditiously done, by
putting a centre in the lathe head, with
a shank the size of the reamed finished
hole. This aligns the gate perfectly by
shoving up into position, when the bor-
ing and reaming operations are repeated.

The larger gate shown in Fig. 2, pre-
sents more interesting operations. Its
dimensions are 21 ins. from tip to tip,
ana 25 ins. wide, with the boss B pass-

CANADIAN MACHINERY

47

irig from side to side, with the excep-
tion of a 1 3-8 in. eut-out at the centre.
This cut-out is the ending place of the
machining operations from each side.
As before, the sides are planed parallel.
The gate is then 'bolted onto the lathe
carriage, the whole being shoved up
against the face plate first for squaring
up. The bottom is jacked up to give the

Fig. 1.— Small Water Wheel Gate.

proper alignment. Now the difficulty is
to have the two parts of the cross boss
B bored perfectly in line, and the oper-
ation would be very difficult unless the
whole operation were done at one set-
ting, as re-setting perfectly correctly
would be difficult. For the purpose of
boring completely at one setting, a
special boring bar ds employed, of the
shell reamer type. Now, if the whole
operation had been done right through,
a bar twice the width of the gate would
be required, with the reamer at the
centre of this bar, the whole suspended
between lathe centres. If the whole is
cored off centre, this will maike the bar
chatter, and ream the hole incorrectly.
This is overcome in the following man-
ner: A shorter bar is used, with the
reamer quite near one end — just far
enough in that it will completely bore
one end of the divided boss. As the
reamer is near either centre, it is quite
solid. When one end is completed, the
whole bar is removed, and placed in the
machine, end for end, and the direction
of rotation of the lathe reversed. This
completes the other half of the boss, the

an impeller will also be seen in the
machine set up ready for operation.

The fixture will be understood by re-
ferring to the cut, and consists of a
head bearing, carrying a hollow spindle
with work driver and masterplate on the

irregular parts without sharp corners
and will reproduce any shape that can
be rotated against the roller.

TURNING LONG BARS.

It quite frequently happens, in a small
shop that a long bar must be turned—

'

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■ ■»§«. .

<£

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Attachment on 16" Shaper for Automatically Machining Blower Impellers.

inner end, which is of the exact form of
the work to be produced. The crossfeed
screw of the machine is removed, leav-
ing the saddle with work table free to
move on the cross rail slide. The master

Fig. 2.— Large Water Wheel Gate.

(Hitter being held rigidly. 'By these
means, a perfectly trne hole is expediti-
ously made.

AUTOMATICALLY MACHINING
BLOWER IMPELLERS.

The illustration shows an attachment
recently built by the Rockford Machine
Tool Company, Rockford, Illinois, for
one of their customers, to be used in
connection with a 16" Rockford shaper,
for automatically machining the impel-
lers for exhausters used with vacuum
cleaning machines. A finished part is
shown on the base of the shaper, and

cam is held against the roller by the
weight and the worm is fitted with a
sliding key to the feed shaft, allowing
the table to move back and forth as the
work rotates. The stud carrying the
roller is mounted on a casting which is
clamped in a fixed position to the verti-
cal slide of the shaper column. The
cutting tool used is round and of the
same diameter as the roller. The fix-
ture has been found to be very satis-
factory, finishing the impellers very
rapidly and with a very high degree of
accuracy. It will be seen that it can
be used for machining cams, or other

a bar often too long for any lathe in
the shop to handle. To send it to some
larger shop would involve considerable
extra expense which perhaps would not
be warranted.

Wm. Kennedy & Sons, Owen Sound,
overcome this difficulty very simply.
They had in their shops two long, low-
swing lathes, neither one of which is
long enough to handle some of their
work. They have found it convenient
for that reason, to place these two
lathes end for end, aligning them cor-
rectly, in every plane, so that the tool
of one lathe can take up the work
where the other lathe leaves off, contin-
uing the work, -and doing it as perfectly
as in a large lathe, capable of handling
such large work.

DRILLING PROPELLER BLADES.

This device, used by Wm. Kennedy &
Sons, Owen Sound, while designed es-
pecially for drilling the bolt holes in
the hubs of propeller blades, may be
applied to such an operation on any
piece that has lathe centres. '

The post shown is bolted to the drill
base table, and has dowels in it to in-
sure the exactness of its location when

being re-set. The movable arm is keyed,
allowing only of vertical motion. In
the drill table is screwed a stationary

Drilling Jig for Propeller Blades.

centre, directly below the adjustable
centre in the movable arm. The article
to be drilled is set on the lower centre,
the drilling jig placed on the top of the
hub, and clamped there, and the adjust-
able centre tightened down. The article,
a propeller blade, is thus held perpen-
dicularly on its centres, causing the hub
to be horizontal. The radial drill arm
can then be swung over, and the holes
drilled.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

As before mentioned, this may be used
for any piece having centres. Another
use to which it is put is to make it serve
the purpose of a clamp. The stationary
centre is removed, and the movable
centre screwed down on the article to
be held, clamping it to the drill table
securely.

In the form shown, it will take pro-
peller blades up to three feet long. For
larger sizes, it can be moved to a new
location on the drill table overhanging
the pit, in which is another stationary
centre, directly below this new location
of the post. Long blades can be handled
by these means.

TO REMOVE RUST.
By E. Lambert.

Numerous methods of removing rust
are in use, some of them good and others
of little value. One remedy, both sim-
ple and effective, is a mixture of machine
oil and emery powder. The use of coal
oil is apt to do more harm than good as
a rust eradicator: it removes but the
rough top coating and glosses over
where the process of erosion has begun.

JIG FOR IRREGULAR TURNING.
By J.H.R., Hamilton.

The accompanying sketch shows an
attachment to be used on a lathe for
turning or boring sections of circles
where it is impossible to use a continuous
cut, as the slots in cam plates or circu-
lar parts in irregular work, and other
similar work.

Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of the
attachment and Fig. 2 an end view of

the same. On the lathe face plate F is
secured a crank plate C, the pin of
which is removed from the centre of
lathe spindle the required distance so as
to give the stroke necessary for the
surface being turned. Extending from
the rear of the frame of the jig J is the
arm A which carried the bell-crank B
and also a quadrant on the side which
carries a train of gears, to be used when
the surface being turned exceeds about
one-third of the circumference. The jig
spindle is threaded on the end S, similar
to the lathe spindle to receive the chuck
or face plates belonging to the lathe.
To operate, place the jig on the lathe
shears and secure in position by the
bolt B. Loosen the nut N on jig spindle
and remove pin P allowing the spindle
to revolve free. Secure the work W in
the desired position in the ordinary
way, and determine the stroke necessary
for the desired operation. The collar 0
has a number of holes around its face
to allow for adjustment; the pin P is
placed in the nearest ho'.e and further
adjustment is made by lengthening or
shortening the connecting rods, or shift-
ing the crank plate €. Where the sur-
face exceeds about one-third of the cir-
cumference, the train of gears can be
used giving the desired travel to the
face plate on which the work is secured.

Fig. 3 shows a skeleton sketch of the
motion when using the bell-crank B and
crank lever L. A cam plate (cam being
about 1-6 of a revolution) is shown in
position on the face plate F. The heavy
lines show the position of the movable

JLg (or Irregular Turning.

CANADIAN MACHlNEfcY

49

parts at the beginning of the stroke, and
the dotted lines show the other extreme
position.

lFig. 4 shows a skeleton sketch of the
motion, when the train of gears are toe-
ing used. The portion to be machined
is (roughly figured) about 220 degrees
of the circuference. With crank C in
the former position the ratio of motion
must be

220 1 11 1

: — or — : —

360 6 18 6
Take a 72 gear for jig spindle :
X=gear on bell-crank
11 1
then X : 72 : : — : —
18 6
11
72 —
18
or X== =264

6

There being no gear of 264 teeth, we
must compound the train. Take 3 as
a divider then: — -

264 -h 3=88 for the gear on the 'bell-
crank the compound gears 3 and 4 must
be in the ratio of 1 : 3 or 30 : 90:
the gears necessary are:

1=S8

2=any intermediate gear.

3=30.

4=90.

then

11

88 X W ^

Proof: should equal — or

30 X 72 a

6

88 X 90 1 16

■ X - X - = 0.

30 X 72 6 11

If the necessary gears are not ob-
tainable, select the next nearest and ad-
just for stroke by shifting the crank C.

The pin P must be removed and nut N
relieved when gears are being used; and
quadrant lowered when lever L is being
used.

WRENCH FOR WING NUTS.
By K. Campbell.

I was working in an agricultural shop
at one time and one of my jobs in the
early days was to put the caps on the
oil boxes or bearings on disc harrows.
These bearings were cast iron with
chilled ball races. An oil reservoir kept
the bearing lubricated. A little waste,
was put in the reservoir and the cap
fastened on with a wing ant.

The screw often had scale on it or was
rough from molding sand as it was
placed in the mould and was thus
fastened securely. The nuts had to be
put on by hand and it was rather hard
on the fingures. I often used to use a
monkey wrench until one of the machin-
ists told me of a wrench he had seen

EC

I I I I 1S\V^\VA\W\^^V^VAWSWVA\WV1

Wing Nut and Wrench.

used for this purpose. I therefore made
one, similar to that in the sketch, out of
a piece of flat stock I picked up in the
shop. The device worked excellently
and I was able to screw on the wing nuts
much quicker than before. In the illus-
tration A shows the wing nut and B the
wrench.

SIMPLE BROACHER.

The knitting machine made by the
Harley-Kay Co., Georgetown, Ont., has

Fig. 1. — Knitting Machine Part.

a tapered part, shown in. Fig. 1, which,
as can be seen, is a conical shell, with
slots on the inner surface in whicb the
needles work. The simple machine
shown in Fig. 2, which was devised and
made by the firm, does the work very
satisfactorily.

It is in reality a simple broacher,
operating much the same as the stand-
ard machine. A is the broaching bar
with cutter inserted in its lower face.
This is given motion from the crank to
the left, and is guided as shown. The
work is held in the part B, which may
be adjusted about pin C, and tightened
in that position by Bolt D. Thus any
taper can be slotted. Up and down motion
is provided for by the part E, which
can slide up and down in ways, and is
adjusted by set screws at the top. The
work is held in this chuck by the collar
F, screwed down on it. Collar Gr has
radial holes, evenly spaced, each collar
containing three sets. A pin attached
to E engages in these holes successfully
as desired. Having sets of these collars,
any circular division can be made by
the use of the proper collar. The collar
shown has a 34 hole collar to give 17
'lots in the piece being machined.

CRANE SIGNAL.

One of the difficulties of overhead
cranes in machine shops is often the
waste time signalling the crane
operator. When a man wants the crane
he waves his arms, shouts or whistles,
disturbing other workmen, or walks
along the shop to give instructions to
the operator, wasting a great deal of
time.

The Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool
Co., Cincinnati, have a shop 680 feet
fong and to facilitate the handling of
materials by their two overhead cranes,
have installed a system of signal lamps.
Switches are placed at convenient in-
tervals on the columns along the sides
of the centre bay, each controlling a
red lamp hung from the ceiling directly
over that portion of the floor. These
lamps are all connected in parallel with
the regular incandescent shop lighting
system, although each is turned on and
off by its own switch. When an erect-
ing hand needs the crane he throws the
switch nearest him, which lights . the
lamp over that portion of the floor.
If not already engaged the crane oper-
ator runs at once to the spot. If his

Fig. 2.— Broaching Machine Jor Slotting Knitting Machine Part.

56

CANADIAN MACHINERY

crane is engaged at that moment he
goes as soon as he is free. In either
case the light remains burning until the
crane reaches that point, when it is
turned off.

PLANING SHAPES.

The accompanying illustration shows
how a company planed a number of
special plates for which it had a con-
tract. The plates had to be absolutely
accurate, and in order to machine them

Planing Shapes.

a jig plate was made from a 1 inch sheet
steel. This was fastened on the cross
rail. They then ratcheted a slide in the
head, and fitted a pin in it. As the
head was fed across the job, the slide
with the pin was fed up and down on
the jig, making a particularly fine job.

60 IN. WHEEL VS. 18 IN. LATHE.

Some time ago, D. MaoKenzie,
Guelph, had the job presented to him
of boring and facing the hub of a 60-in.
flywheel. As he has nothing greater
than a long 18-in. swing lathe in Ms
shop he was in a quandary as to how
to undertake the task, but finally over-
came the difficulty in the following
manner.

A long shaft was put in this lathe,
just long enough to overhang at the
end. At this far end, a pillar block
was built up on the lathe, to support
the shaft, it being thought that the
steady-rest would not be sufficiently
rigid for such a heavy job. The over-
hanging end of this shaft had previous-
ly been threaded to take the lathe
chuck, which was then attached, and
the flywheel chucked in this position. A
small lathe from another part of the
shop, and which was light enough to
be portable, was brought up to the fly-
wheel, and placed in line with the other
lathe for boring the hub and then plac-
ed cross wise with the lathe for facing
the hub. A good job resulted from this
operation, and a trip to Gait saved, as
the latter course would have been neces-
sary otherwise.

REPAIRING LOCOMOTIVE BOILER.
By K. Campbell.
In round house practice and in boiler
repair shops there are a number of
special handy tools required to facili-
tate the work. In a paper read before
a joint meeting of the British Institu-

Fig. l.—

tion and American Society of Mechani-
cal Engineers, a paper was given in
which a number of special tools were
described.

To remove main steam pipes and
steam chest covers from smokeboxes it
is often necessary to split the nuts
down vertically in the manner shown
in Fig. 1, as they are apt to get
"burnt" or corroded on the studs.

If the studs are broken, they will re-
quire to be drilled out carefully, and
new studs put in, screwed to a tight
fit. For removing and screwing in
studs, a stud setter is an almost indis-
pensable tool, though with skill and
care two ordinary nuts tightly locked
may be utilized for the purpose.

It is at times, when in a confined
position, a difficult task to cut an iron
nut from a stud without damaging the
thread, and this often means the re-
newal of the stud. On the other hand,
a few small screw die nuts of different
sizes will assist in jobs of this descrip-
tion and are useful for runnling down
studs and bolts which have been dam-
aged or when they prove too tight a fit
for new nuts. A good method of mak-
ing die nuts is to get a square bar of
good tool steel nicely softened and have
it faced and cut off in a lathe to a suit-
able thickness. Four small holes are
drilled to act as cutting edges, as
shown in Fig. 2 ; but before drilling the

rwp

mm

G-O

!

Fig. 2.-

larger centre hole to tapping size these
smaller holes must be plugged with
pieces of soft iron. The drill will then
be enabled to run true, and the plugs

furthermore assist the tap to cut a
good thread to the proper size. After
tapping the thread, the soft riron plugs
can be removed, and the cutting edges
formed on the thread be finished off
with a smooth file. These little appli-
ances are almost indispensable in a
round house or repair shop, for in tak-
ing off cylinder covers in a hurry, as
often is needful, the stud threads are
frequently damaged, and a die nut can
be requisitioned to remedy the defect.
Also, in taking down big-ends for exam-
ination it is a common occurrence to
bulge the thread in knocking out the
bolt ; in suoh a case, a die nut is used
to recut the thread before the nut can
be replaced.

Drilling out broken studs on boiler
mountings- and fittings placed in a posi-
tion not accessible for the ordinary
ratchet brace drill post and tackle
makes a demand upon the fitter for a
special tool. In Fig. 3 is shown a small
drill post that can be used to drill out
broken studs ranging from f-in. to f-in.
The foot of the post is well drilled out

Fig. 3.-

to enable it to be attached to seatings
where studs are standing ^-inch,
|-in. and f-inch high on the boiler
face plate, and the arm can be attached
in any position to suit the convenience
of the operator. A tool of this type
has been found especially handy and
useful in drilling out broken studs in
Gresham's face-plate injectors, which
are attached to face plates in a verti-
cal position. One great advantage is
the small space occupied by the base
of the post ; the appliance is also very
light and suitable for packing in the
fitter's tool bag.

DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY

New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.

POWER HACK SAW MACHINE.

The Massachusetts Saw Works, Chic-
opee, Mass., manufacturers of "Victor"
hack saw blades, frames, machines,
etc., have recently added to their line
a new hack saw machine. This ma-
chine, which is illustrated herewith, is
know as the Xo. 6 M.S.W. Hack Saw
Machine. In the construction of this
machine, each part has been made high
grade in every particular — it is built
like a machine tool, with a capacity for
cutting 6 inch stock. It is unusually
rigid and strong, the frame being brac-
ed from two directions, which elimin-

Power Hack Saw Machine.

ates all side play and vibration, and
assures a straight cut.

An adjustable stop is provided so
that cuts can be made to any desired
depth. The machine stops automatical-
ly and does not require any attention
after cut is started. There is also a
rest for the piece being cut off, which

prevents the blades from getting brok-
en, when the piece falls.

This machine has a very steady, even
forward stroke, and a quick return
stroke. There is a patent lift that can
be adjusted to raise the blade 1-1000 to
i of an inch from the work on the re-
turn stroke, which saves wear on teeth
and greatly increases the life of the
blade, a feature which very soon results
in a saving of hack saw blades suffi-
cient to cover the cost of the machine.

BORING MILL AND LATHE TOOLS.

Figs. I and 2 show left and right
hand tools for use on a boring mill.
These tools have a shank 1J inches deep.
The cutter in this tool is 1 inch triangu-
lar steel.

Figs. 3 and 4 show tools for general
lathe and shaper work. The cutter is
inserted in the centre of the holder and
can be used either right or left, or the
point ground to any shape the same as
a square cutter. The V-shaped seat is
a steel bushing pressed into the holder
and can be renewed if it should become
worn. This is to overcome the tendency
of the constant pressure on the end of
the cutter point to wear the seat down
in the front end causing the cutters to
break off.

The holders, including set screw and
bushing, are made of tool steel, and
hardened. These tool holders are manu-
factured by the G. R. Lang Co.. Mead-
ville, Pa.

FARWELL GEAR HOBBLER.
The Farwell Gear Hobbler, made by
the Adams Co., Dubuque, Iowa, is de-
signned for work up to 24 in. a cut-
ting 12 in. face. The head has a long
bearing upon the housing, the spindle
has no unnecessary overhang, has ad-
justable bronze bearings of ample size
and length, and is rigidly secured to the
saddle. The compact and rigid design

of the spindle support has been a fea-
ture of the Farwell Gear Hobber.

On account of handling coarse pitches,
this new tool is provided with a slide i:i
the saddle that carries the hob, making

Fig. 1.— Left Hand Tool Holder.

it possible to adjust the hob spindle
longitudinally, bringing any tooth ex-
actly central with the work arbor. This

Fig. 2— Right Hand Tool Holder
Mills.

lor Boring

is quite important in obtaining perfect
gears in coarse pitches, but does not re-
quire attention on fine pitches, as the
difference in -position of two succeeding
teeth is not sufficient to be noticeable in
the gears.

Fig. 4.— Lathe and Shaper Tool Holder.

52

CANADIAN MACHINERY

This fcngitudinal movement of the
spindle head permits also the shifting
of the hob to a new cutting position
without resorting to moving the hob or
the arbor. Several shifts may be made,
bringing sharp cutting parts of the hob
into action before it is necessary to
grind the hob.

The head has an automatic trip to
stop the downward feed and is also
equipped with a power mechanism for
raising the head after the cut is finish-
ed. The head, of course, returns but
once for each stack of gears, and on the
small machine this operation is perform-
ed by hand. There are two extra feeds,
making ten, all of which are obtained ia
the gear box. The horizontal feed
mechanism for cutting worm wheels is
incorporated in the design of the ma-
chine, and is also the special support for
upper end of arbor. This arbor support
is only necessary when gears must be
swung on centres, for wide face gears
or in cutting a stack of gears of small
diameter. A more rigid support can be
secured in other cases by the use of face
plates or supporting rings which rest
upon the table and support the blanks
immediately below the rim.

The spindle is driven by a bevel gear,
as this is necessitated by the coarser
pitches tilting the hob to a greater angle
than belt drive would allow. This angle
and the tooth depth are set with a hard-
ened steel gauge.

All important bearings have bronze
bushings and the spindle and arbor
bearings may be adjusted by simply
loosening a lock ring and tightening an
adjusting ring nut.

Farwell Gear Hobber, Cutting Worm Gear.

N

i

11

g

■?v.iB ink

Farwell Gear Hobber Cutting Pinion.

The design of the base and column of
this machine is exceptionally rigid, one
casting forming both, as well as the
knee below the table and an oil pan

around the machine. The weight of the
machine is over 2,000 lbs.

A large tank to hold lubricant is en-
closed in the base, and ample passages
through the hub are provided to con-
duct the lubricant from the table back to
the tank. The lubricant pump is gear
driven and has means for regulating
the flow of lubricant.

All gears are provided with shields,
as is also the universal joint shaft.

PUNCHING AND BEAMING BOILER
PLATE.

At the recent annual convention of the
American Boiler Manufacturers' Asso-
ciation held in Chicago, the following
question was given for discussion:

' ' There seems to be a very wide range
in engineers' ideas of what amount of
metal is necessary to be taken out after
a hole is punched in a plate. To remove
all doubt as to the possibility of a frac-
ture from that operation an answer to
the following is suggested: Is a hole en-
larged 1-8 or 1^16 in. all around suffi-
cient? Is a hole enlarged }4 or Vfe in.
all around sufficient? Is a hole enlarged
3-8 or 3-16 in. all around sufficient?"

In answering the question John J.
Main, of the Poison Iron Works, Toron-
to, referred to tests made in England
some 18 or 20 years ago as to the differ-
ence between punching and reaming a
hole or drilling it, which established that
a 3/i in- hole would require to be punched
y% in. in diameter in order to make it
equal to a drilled hole, and a punched
hole % in. in diameter would not stand
within 20 per cent, as much as a drilled
hole; but in a reamed hole, taking out
1-8 in. all around would eliminate all
the damaged part of the plate, and it
would then stand just as good a physical
test as the drilled hole would. Any
practical man, however, will admit that
it depends largely upon the condition of
the punch and the die. These must be
absolutely sharp and clean cutting.

Farwell Gear Hobber.

BOUNTIES ON IRON AND STEEL.

The following' companies participated
in the bounties paid by the Dominion
Government on iron and steel in the
fiscal year ended March 31, 1910 :

Algoma Steel Co $ 318,814

Dominion Iron & Steel Co. ... 1,029,503
Nova Scotia Steel & Coal Co. 97,345
Hamilton Iron & Steel Co.... 238,408
Lake Superior Iron & Steel

Corporation 54,628

Ontario Iron & Steel Co 4,463

Canada Iron Corporation .... 41,146

Atikokan Iron Co 15,099

Standard Chemical Co 10,120

Total bounties paid $1,808,533

POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION

For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.

ONEIDA STEEL PULLEV

All-steel pulleys, made by Oneida Steel
Pulley Co., Oneida, N.Y., with offices at
32-36 South Clinton St., Chicago, are
being placed on the Canadian maxket.
The pulleys are light, strong and ser-
viceable. Their system of construction
allows a great range of sizes and' styles
of steel pulleys. They make pulleys
from 6-in. to 126-in. in diameter, with
2-in. to 40-in. face to fit any standards
size shaft from 1-in. to 8-in. in diameter.
Besides the regular belt pulleys, they
can make such specialties as conveyor
drums', elevator, head, tail and tripper
pulleys, flanged pulleys, cork insert pul-
leys, and flanged pulleys for axle dyna-

b, used in car lighting service.

Showing the Construction of the "ONEIDA"
With Spiders for Wide Paces.

The system of construction used by
the Oneida Steel Pulley Co. is very
unique— one of the most prominent fea-
tures is the fish-plate system of arm to
rim fastening, on pulleys above 20-in. in
diameter. This fish-plate makes a broad
bearing for the arm, and it answers the
purpose of a dou'ble-thick rim' with no
superfluous weight.

They also insert extra sets of arms or
Bpidera in wide-faced pulleys, to afford
support accross every 8 inches of the
entire width of the pulleys — for instance,
a pulley with a 24-in. face has three
spiders, while a 40-in. face pulley has
five spiders.

It is not necessary to use key-ways or
set-screws to fasten the "Oneida" pul-
ley to the shaft — the hub is so con-

structed that it grips the shaft securely
without danger of slipping. A system
of interchangeable cast iron bushing is
also used. This allows the pulley to be
used on several different sizes of shaft-
ing, by merely inserting the correct bush-
ing.

The illustration shows the construction
of the Oneida all-steel pulley, with spid-
ers for wide faces.

IMPROVEMENT IN SLIDE RULE.

By Carl J. Printz.

The slide-rule is such an old reliable
tool that few, an this busy day of ours,
will care to read an article under that
heading. The old saying that "Rome
was not built in a day" applies here.

The heading of this article is not
quite correct as the improvement is not
in the rule itself, but in one of its
fittings, that is on the so-called indica-
tor or rider.

Fig. 1.— Old Style Indicator.-

Fig. 1 shows the common indicator,
consisting of an aluminum or brass
frame, into which is fitted a glass plate
with the indicator line. As the slide-
rule seems to have a tendency for '"fly-
ing" from the draughting board to the
floor, the result is generally disastrous.

Fig. 2. — Improved Indicator.

This, however, is not the main objec-
tion to the glass-aluminum framed in-
dicator. What bothers the user many-
times more, is the constant covering up

of the figures on the logarithmic scales
by the wide frames.

Fig. 2 shows an improved indicator,
patented in the United States, but
which for certain reasons is not yet
on the market. Any engineer in the
habit of using a slide-rule, will readily
see the advantages. There is no glass
to break, and, on account of the wire
framing being out from the gradua-
tions, the figures are always visible.
The index lines are on the celluloid cov-
ered cross-bars, and a much closer read-
ing can be made.

It is to be hoped that somebody will
take up the manufacture of this article
in the near future. It is not patented
to break, and, on account of the will
in Canada.

FINDING CENTRE OP CIRCLE.

By K. Campbell.
To find the centre of a circle, place
a square on the circumference of the

Finding Centre of Circle.

circle, as shown at A, B and C. Draw a
line as the dotted line BC and bisect it.
at D. Then D is the centre of the cir-

REMOVING INK FROM TRACING
LINEN.

Much difficulty in removing ink lines
from tracing linen has been experienced
from time to time by draftsmen and me-
chanical men generally. No instrument
will satisfactorily remove them and no
aqueous solution will remove the ink.
In fact water in any form is harmful to
tracing linen, as every draftsman knows
to his sorrow.

If lines are to be removed from tracing
linen, it can be done easily by rubbing
The tracing linen with a cloth moistened
with a solution of gum camphor in al-
cohol. This may not remove the lines
altogether but they will be left so thin
and faint that a slight application of a
soft rubber will entirely erase them.
This method does not harm the tracing
linen to any extent.

Management

FILING DATA.
By Jno. A. Bradley.
I have often read with much interest
in various Trade and Technical papers,
methods for keeping track of data, and
reading matter appearing therein of
special interest to the individual reader.
A system which I have found to require
the least labor to maintain and to
show instantly where any article to

Fig. 1.— Filing Data.

which this system has been applied may
be found, is as follows :

Obtain from any stationery store a
card index box, measuring 5i inches
long by 3 inches wide, as shown in Fig.
1, containing cards and index.

When the paper for the current month
is received, all the articles are read, or
only those which are of interest. After
having read an article, the heading un-
der which it is desired to be entered in

Aa/ftn7trs -tftqfai tt $tt*n

(Jmmjtfi&i

rmlrmm f<

OttOl-PA

ftaa„,7& gyWcn ^ffr^Pa

'6i,*aTP9

5} <kui<ii>i p?na

1

Fig. 2— Filing Data.

the index, is written above the regular
title, or the regular title may be enter-
ed depending upon the nature of the
article.

The various headings are then entered
under their regular or selected titles on
the cards, giving the month, year and
page in which the various articles ap-
peared. See Fig. 2.

The paper is then filed according to
the month, and when it is desired to

make use of any of these articles, or
if you are seeking information upon a
subject, the file will show instantly
where it is to be found.

It will be found an excellent plan to
have the papers bound, six or twelve to
a binding, according to the size of the
paper. This may be don© from seventy
cents per binding up. The necessity of
preserving obsolete advertisements
which form the greater part of most
papers, is then eliminated, and these
papers when bound make ornamental
and valuable additions to the library.

SHOP BLACKBOARDS.

In the shops of Lodge & Shipley
Machine Tool Co., Cincinnati, black-
boards are used for posting shop order
numbers for the information of the as-
sembling force. There is a shop order
number for every job entering the fac-
tory. A blackboard 18 x 24 in. in size
is hung above each lathe which is in
course of construction on the assembl-
ing floor, just as soon as the bed is
placed for the first operation. On ttois
board are chalked the size of the lathe,
its order number, the special attach'
ments, if any, and the completion date.

The data on the blackboard serves to
keep prominently before each man the
information necessary for his particular
work. For example, those who align
the headstocks know that they must
complete their part of the work two
weeks before the date chalked on the
board. If a tool room lathe is to be
fitted with a relieving attachment as an
extra, it is plainly shown in black and
white.

The same information is also given
on the shop order tag which is wired
to the lathe. The blackboard is merely
an added convenience and timesaver, so
that a workman, even if a few yards
away, can get at a glance the impor-
tant particulars of the job.

ORGANIZATION CHART.
By F. H. M.

Organization is the keynote of all
modern business. To put it in the words
of Mr. Barton, general manager of The
Niagara Falls Power Co.. and its allied
interests, "We CONSIDER THAT ANY

COMPANY THAT IS NOT WELL OR-
GANIZED WILL SOONER OR LATER
COME TO GRIEF; AND ANY ORGAN-
IZATION SCHEME THAT CANNOT
BE TABULATED IS NOT WORTH
HAVING." The company indeed car-
ries out this principle, the accompany-
ing diagram being the tabulated scheme
of their organization.

Under the one management are four
companies, The Niagara Falls Power
Co., Canadian Niagara Power Co., Niag-
ara Junction Railway Co., and the Niag-
ara Development Co. The diagram as
shown is practically self-explanatory.
Following the diagram down from the
Board of Directors, Vice-President, the
authority for each of the minor statel-
lites is shown. Under the general mana-
ger, come the production department.

The greatest part of the combination
includes the power houses, of which
there are two: one on either side of the
line, both under the one superintendent,
who has an assistant at each plant.
Each assistant has his own staff of
operators, as shown. An apparent over-
lapping of authority occurs in eonnecticn
with the electrical and mechanical as-
sistants to the superintendent. These
two men report to the assistant super-
intendents, thus introducing double
authority apparently, but, as the assis-
tant superintendents are in daily con-
sultation with the superintendent, this
over-lapping does not actually exist. A
similar condition exists with regard to
the chief lineman and his staff.

Another feature of the diagram
stands out as worthy of note. After
most of the names appear numbers. In
connection with the chiefs, these num-
bers have reference to the number in
the staff under that particular official,
e.g. the general manager has a staff of
293. The numbers following the work-
men have reference to the nnmber of
that kind of workmen there are. e. g.
looking at the column at the lower left
corner, there are three electricians in
charge at Power House No. 1, six assis-
tant electricians. The same follows out
for the rest of the officials.

Tf every large companv would follow
out a scheme somewhat the same as this
one shown, much confusion would be

CANADIAN MACHINERY

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Mill

go to Niagara Falls, and go over the
plants will stand testimony to the effici-
ency of the system, and the ease of its
application. It is the evolution of years,

avoided as well as increasing the effici-
ency of the organization, making it an
organization in fact as well as in word.
Any person who takes the trouble to

at first containing many mistakes, show-
ing the imperfect manner in which most
organizations exist, and continue to ex-
ist, as no check system like this is used.

The Scheduling of Locomotive Repair Work on the C.P.R.

The C. P. R. have Worked out a Method of Handling Engines in the Shops by Which the date
of Delivery is at Once Known. The Routing System, Described in Industrial Engineering,
Shozvs that the System Produces Results, Both in Efficiency and Financially. By it the Various
Departments are Tied Together, the Work is ATow Done Better and More Cheaply, for There
is no Waste Time. There is a Decreased Overhead Expense on Each Engine, and an Esti-
mated Saving of $65,000 per Year.

I^HE Canadian Pacific Railway has
adopted at its Angus shops in
Montreal, a system of scheduling loco-
motive repairs, so that it. can be defin-
itely determined in advance just when
an engine sent into the shop for repairs
can be placed back in service. It has
done more than this, for incidentally on
scheduling the engine through the shop,
it has eliminated friction between de-
partments by squarely placing the re-
sponsibility for delays ; it has definitely
assigned to each department a task, to
be done on a certain day, and has is-
sued instructions as to how this task
can best be performed in the shortest
possible time ; it has thereby reduced
the cost of repairs ; it has shortened
the time that an engine is out of com-
mission, thereby saving to the road
the loss it would otherwise sustain due
to the loss of the engine's services ; in
short, it has raised the efficiency of the
entire plant a measurable degree.

Locomotive repairs are a perplexing
problem on all railroads. The time that
an engine is in the shop represents a
dead loss to the road. While it is de-
sirable to cut this time down to the
lowest possible limit, it is yet neces-
sary to make the repairs m such a man-
ner that the intervals between trips to
the shop shall be as long as possible.
Consequently, any means which will en-
able the most complete overhauling to
be done in the shortest time, is the
most efficient. Due to the fact that
many separate departments are involved
in locomotive repairs, delays in putting
the engine back on the road are liable
to occur, and the responsibility cannot
always be clearly placed. Inasmuch as
the erecting shop must receive from the
various departments, such as the boiler
shop, foundry, machi'ne shop, and
stores, the various parts of the engine
in a certain sequence, a delay in one
department, which is required to have
its part placed on the engine at an
early date, will nullify all the good
work of every other department, and
may delay the completion of the engine
for a considerable period. The Cana-
dian Pacific suffered from these repair
troubles like every other railroad, and
a couple of years ago engaged the ser-
vices of Mr. H. L. Oantt to supervise
the reorganization of the Angus shops.
This re-organization, while as yet un-

completed, has already progressed to a
point where there is a marked improve-
ment in the conduct of the locomotive
department.

Routing the Work.

THE SYSTEM IN USE TIES TO-
GETHER ABSOLUTELY THE VAR-
IOUS DEPARTMENTS CONCERNED.
When an engine comes into the shop,
it is known in advance what must be
done on it, and the date on which it
must be delivered back to the operating
department. Before a stroke of work is
done, every operation that must be
gone through is determined, and not
only that, but who shall have charge of
that operation, and when it shall be
completed. THE WORK IS LAID OUT
SO THAT THE MAN RESPONSIBLE
FOR THE SCHEDULING OF AN EN-
GINE THROUGH THE SHOP CAN
TELL, LITERALLY, AT A GLANCE
JUST WHERE EACH PIECE IS,
WHEN IT WENT THERE, AND WHEN
IT WILL BE DELIVERED TO THE
ERECTING SHOP. He can also tell
when each portion of the engine will be
assembled, when it will be tested under
steam, and when it will be delivered to
the road for service. He can, almost
instantly, tell when a piece is delayed
in any department, and can take the
steps to remedy the delay, such as a
re-schedule, or whatever remedy is best
sutited to the needs of the case. He
renders daily to the superintendent a
report showing the condition of work in
the shops, and that official is able from
these reports, with a minimum of effort,
to place responsibility -where it belongs.
All this has been accomplished with a
comparatively small amount of clerical
labor.

Delivery.

The cntiire scheme hinges on the date
on which an engine must be delivered
back to the road. Two classes of re-
pairs are made, those involving a com-
plete overhauling of the engine and
scheduled to be made in 18 days, and
those which are less complete, these be-
ing scheduled to require 14 days. It was
found that, in order for the locomotive
to be delivered to the road in the time
specified, the erecting shop must receive
the various parts, such as frames, boil-
er wheels, valve gear, etc., in just the
sequence that they were needed, and
just at the time they were needed. As

it requires time to make these various
parts, it would not do to wait until the
engine was stripped before ordering
them. Consequently, the engine is care-
fully inspected in advance, and a full
list of the repairs necessary is sent to
the schedule clerk, whose duty it then
is to order the new pieces required, and
to advise the shops of the work they
will have to do and when they will be
required to deliver it.

There are, of course, many different
blanks and forms involved, although
these are less in number than might be
expected. It would cause confusion,
and would not particularly help the de-
scription of the system to take these
forms up in detail and explain the par-
ticular function and arrangement of
each. We will content ourselves with a
discussion of the general principles of
the system in use. The forms would, in
any case, have to be varied to suit the
conditions under which they might be
used, but the principles will apply to
similar work everywhere.

Let us assume therefore the the sche-
dule clerk has received from the inspec-
tor the list of repairs necessary on a
given engine. He also knows whether
it is to have 18 or 14 days in the shop.
This determines the final date of the
schedule for that engine and all other
dates are fixed to conform to it.

The schedule man classifies the repair
operations according to the shops in
which they are to be done. They are
classified first in a general way, such
as motion work, wheels, boiler work,
etc.

The date on which each class of work
is required by the erecting shop is noted
opposite it, and the order is transmitt-
ed to the department concerned. In
many cases it is only necessary to give
the order for the part, and the date on
which it is required. The job may be a
standard one, with which the shop fore-
man is thoroughly familiar, and no
further instructions are necessary.
Other jobs, however, are more com-
plicated, and require the services of sev-
eral machines in the shop. The various
machine jobs, perhaps, must be done
in a certain sequence. In such cases
the various operations are scheduled in
detail for the benefit of the shop fore-
man. Take, for instance, a crosshead.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

57

It must be planed bored, babbitted,
fitted and assembled, and inspected. The
schedule man notes the day on which
each of these jobs must be done in order
that it will be ready when the erecting
shop wants it. He does not endeavor
to tell the shop foreman the particular
machine to use, that being left to the
judgment of the foreman.

The schedule clerk has in his office a
large board, ruled into columns, and
having 31 lines, one for each day of the
month. Each column is headed with
the name of a certain class of repair
work, the classes being grouped to-
gether under the shop in which they are
performed. When a job is scheduled for
a given day, the engine number is en-
tered on the line for that day, and in
the column for the class of work to
which the job belongs. Thus, by fol-
lowing along a given line, every piece
of work due on that day is exhibited,
and also the amount of work of each
class that is scheduled. Knowing the
capacity of the shop for each kind of
work, the schedule clerk is enabled by
means of this board to avoid overload-
ing a department with one class of
work on a given day and {hereby throw-
ing awry the schedule of other depart-
ments.

Schedule Sheet.

The sheet on which the detail schedule
for each class of work is laid out, such
as the motion schedule, is ruled in a
similar manner to the schedule sheet
above described — that is, with horizon-
tal lines for each day, and with col-
ums for each part to be furnished. When
laying out the schedule, a symbol is
entered in the proper space, to show
the particular operation that shall be
done on a given part on a given day.
For instance, if a crosshead was to be
babbitted on the 14th of the month, the
letters Bb would be entered in red ink
in the crosshead column on the 14th
line. When the work is done the letters
Bb are entered in black in the cross-
head column and opposite the date on
which the work is done. Thus, when a
job is on time, the red and black sym-
bols appear in the same space in the
schedule sheet. It is thus easy, if a re-
port on any engine is called for, to tell
exactly where delays occurred, and of
what duration they were.
Schedule Report.

Every day the schedule man makes
out a typewritten report for the super-
intendent and shop foremen, showing
the work scheduled to be completed on
each engine during the day. To this
list are added those jobs which were
sf-heduled for previous days, but which
are one or more days late. A letter X
is placed opposite each of these delayed
jobs, one X for each day that the job
is delayed, together with the reason for

the delay. This has an effect on the
various foremen not exactly contem-
plated at first, but which tends never-
theless to keep them up to schedule.
A string of Xs after a job, together
with the statement, say, "Waiting on
castings," appealing day after day
makes it apparent to every foreman in
the shop that the foundry is holding up
the locomotive, and incidentally delay-
ing the work of all the other foremen.
The constant reappearance of the state-
ment until the piece is out of the shop,
has a better effect in getting the piece
rushed through than would the most
severe "jackiing-up" the superintendent
could give. A man at fault dislikes ex-
ceeding publicity, but under the scheme
in use in the Angus shops the greater
the fault the greater the publicity. It
further prevents placing responsibility
for errors on the wrong man. The ma-
chine shop foreman is not censured when
he does not deliver a certain part to
the erecting shop on the scheduled date,
if the report shows that the castings
were not delivered to him when due. In-
stead, the censure is passed on to where
it belongs, namely, the foundry.

While the principal work that has al-
ready been done at the Angus shops is
the arranging of these schedules, a start
has been made on a further systematiz-
ing of the work. To schedule the work
through the machine and other depart-
ments with a knowledge that it will be
finished at the time appointed, involves
a knowledge of the time required for
each operation and the certainty that
the operation will be done in that time.
This led to an investigation of the ma-
chine operations, with scientific time-
studies, and the making of instruction
cards embodying the results of these
time-studues. The instruction cards are
issued to the various foremen, and if
they are unable to do the work in ac-
cordance with the time given in them,
the man who made the time-study is
ready to demonstrate to the foremen
the exact method to follow in order to
meet the schedule. These time-studies
have resulted in standardizing many of
the operations, and have materially cut
down the time required for them. When
a job is finally standardized, the in-
struction card is printed in a perman-
ent form, with a sketch of the job on
it. It is then used not only in the An-
gus shops, but in all the shops of the
Canadian Pacific. The work, therefore,
is larger than appears on the surface,
since it affects not only one shop, but
the entire system.

The by-products of the work which
has been done are, in a measure, of as
much importance as the work itself. The
morale of the force has been improved
to a great extent. The erecting shop
foreman stated that his work was so

much lightened that he was able to
give his entire attention to his men,
and consequently to do better and
quicker work. His attention was not
distracted by the necessity of having
continually to prod the other depart-
ments for material. The parts came to
him in the order that he needed them
and he was able to keep his men busy
all the time on the work for which they
were best fitted. In the other depart-
ments it was the same. The foremen
know each day exactly what is expected
of them. They are able to concentrate
their entire attention on the work for
that day, secure in the knowledge that
the work of to-morrow is to be pro-
vided for them without any effort or
worry on their part. The consequence
is better and more accurate work.

Financial Benefit.

To the road itself, the benefit has been
great. LEAVING ASIDE THE IM-
MENSE BENEFIT RESULTING
FROM BEING ABLE TO KNOW WITH
CERTAINTY THAT IT CAN HAVE
ENGINES ON THE DAY PROMISED,
THE FINANCIAL CONSIDERATION
INVOLVED MAKES THE WORK
DONE WELL WORTH WHILE. NOT
ONLY IS THE WORK DONE BET-
TER AND MORE CHEAPLY. The
road gains the services of the engines
in a shorter time than was formerly
possible, and the money end of this is
no small item. There is in the erecting
shop pit capacity for about 32 locomo-
tives. The services of an engine may be
valued to the road roughly at $100 per
day. If but a single day (is saved in
the time each locomotive is in the shop,
the money represented amounts to $3,-
200 each 18 days, or approximately
$65,000 per year, to say nothing of the
decreased overhead expense on eaoh en-
gine.

It must be boipe in mind as yet no
attempt has been made to reorganize
the shops so that they operate from
start to finish on the principles of
scientific management. This is a task
which, in shops of the magnitude of the
Angus shops, would consume a great
deal of dime. All that has been done is
to even up the operating efficiency of
the various departments so that they
work together. The departments which
before were run at a low efficiency have
been improved so that they are now in
harmony with the rest of the shop. The
standard has been, heretofore, the most
efficient department. When all have
been brought to this standard, the next
step will be to raise the efficiency of
the shop as a whole. Although the
work is far from complete, the results
already achieved warrant the belief that
in the end the Angus shops will, repre-
sent the best practice in locomotive
work to be found throughout the world.

58

CANADIAN MACHINERY

GnapianMachinery

& Manufacturing News->

A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rtcity. compressed air and water in Canada.

The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited

JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN, President W. L. EDMONDS. Vice-President

H V. TYRRELL, Toronto Business Manager

G. C. KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto - Managing Editor

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chance in address, giving both old and new.

Vol. VI.

December, 1910

No. 12

HIGH SPEED STEELS.

In this issue is an article on High Speed Steels by
J. J. Duguid, general foreman of the G.T.R., Toronto.
High speed steel has a cutting capacity which has led to
carbon steel being entirely replaced by it in progressive
machine shops. The introduction of it has resulted in a
complete change in machine tool design, speeds and
feeds have been changed and the machines made more
rigid to withstand the heavy cuts possible with high
speed steel tool9.

Mr. Duguid gives a review of the progress made since
the advent of high speed steel, but points out that
greater results are possible. He states, "I believe more
tools are ruined by careless grinding than by any other
means." This can only mean that proper grinding me-
thods should be followed if the full capacity of machine
tools is to be obtained. To overcome the difficulty the
tools should be ground on wet wheels and automatic
grinders for heavy grinding. The pressure on the wheel
is then Vent uniform, the shape of the tools is kept uni-
form and much better results are obtained turning out
work. The points brought out by Mr. Duguid should be
perused carefully by mechanical men generally.

HUMANITY OF CORPORATIONS.

It is with pleasure that we note from time to time
the recognition of the services of employes, by corpora-
tions. From the recent action of the Canadian Manu-
facturers' Association and the steps being taken by
other associations, we can see that the following item

which a daily paper has termed "A Novel Incident," will
be more common among Canadian employers.

"The announcement is made that the funds sub-
scribed in aid of the Hull sufferers who were victims of
the disastrous explosion last May, will be returned to
the donors. The refund is made possible by the action
of the explosives company, which settled all claims aris-
ing out of the disaster. The situation is unique in Can-
adian annals, if not in America. Actions speak louder
than the most vociferous protestations and the explo-
sives people have certainly demonstrated their position
in regard to the unfortunate occurrence in a straightfor-
ward and upright as well as practical fashion."

Some time ago a workman was injured at the works
of the Hamilton Steel & Iron Co., and this corporation
dealt so generously with the employe that Judge Teetzel
said he was surprised at the generosity of this' company.
Recently during the G.T.R. strike, two thousand em-
ployes of J. R. Booth, Ottawa, were thrown out of em-
ployment for several days, but were paid their wages in
full. Whether or not, these corporations were legally
responsible, they are to commended for their liberality
and promptness in dealing with their employes.

CREDIT TO WHOM CREDIT IS DUE.

From time to time valuable improvements are mad«
in the output of shops and factories. Often the men at
the machine or the men at the bench are the ones re-
sponsible for the advancement made in the design and
construction of the product. Very seldom, however, is
the credit given to those who deserve it. It is therefore
gratifying to note in the anniversary number of "Grits
and Grinds," a monthly bulletin issued by the Norton
Grinding Co., Worcester, the following paragraph from
Charles H. Norton :

"In looking back over the ten years just passed, I
want to express the appreciation the Norton Co. and
Norton Grinding Co., feel for the help the Norton
machine and methods have received from foremen and
workmen. Such a large measure of loyal help is worthy
of comment, and out of it has come many of our best
proved theories and best production.

"CUT TIME BETWEEN CUTS."

"To cut costs, cut the time between cuts," is the
way E. P. Bullard president of the Bullard Machine Tool
Co., Bridgeport, Conn., sums up the problem of reducing
shop costs. As an example of the inefficiency resulting
from not cutting time between cuts, he pointed out that
in a prominent shop, after a difficult piece of work had
been finished on a boring mill, it was necessary to wait
from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. before a new forging was avail-
able, the machine in the meantime lying idle. He also
pointed out that a great deal of time is wasted in boring
mill operations in adjusting the machines to the exact
size required by the work and stated that considerable
time can be saved on machines equipped with micro-

Canadian machinery

59

meter (Mais which permit instant and accurate adjust-
ment.

Mr. Bullard also pointed out the grave importance
of the problem of lubrication, stating that from 80 to
90 per cent, of the repairs required on machine tools
are made necessary through lack of proper lubrication.

Not only the builders of machine tools, but also em-
ployers and employes should consider carefully these
questions which are of mutual benefit. A careful study
of the problems will no doubt result in advances being
made in the care of machine tools and production from
same.

SAFETY OF HUMAN LIFE.

Manufacturers are becoming alive to the fact that
maximum production is obtained when the shops are kept
running at full capaoity. This cannot be done when
employes are subjected to accidents due to unguarded
machinery. With the conservation of human life in view
the American Museum of Safety has been opened in New
York. A collection has been made of safety appliances
ranging from a safety gas cock for kitchen stoves to a
miner's helmet for rescue work, and from a portable fire
escape to a protection for bursting fly wheels. Tn addi-
tion there are large collections of photographs of pro-
tected machines and of workmen using them, and an em-
bryonic library containing selections from the already
voluminous literature of the problems. The exhibition
has a home for the present in the Engineering Building.
No. 29 West Thirty-ninth Street. It is honed that even-
tually the museum will develop to such an extent that a
commodious structure will be necessary for its own occu-
pancy.

The museum does not confine itself to safety devices
for use in the mechanical arts, but rather takes the
broader field of "the conservation of human life." With
this idea a section has been devoted to problems of san-
itation. Dust, ventilation, the lessening of noise, sewage
disposal and heating are among the subjects covered. Tn
the particular application to factory accidents the slogan
of the museum is "Prevention is a benefaction, compen-
sation an apology."

In the industrial countries of Europe compensation
for accidents and enforcement of preventive methods have
been very generally subjects for legislation and for gov-
ernmental interference. In Canada these matters have
been left to the individual and are being worked out in
that way throuph the demands of the workmen and their
organizations that men at work shall be protected and
through the recognition by employers themselves that in
the long run prevention of accidents pays.

Opinion has been given by members of the engineer-
ing profession that one-half the accidents are preventable.
According to them, a conservative estimate of the num-
ber of annual accidents which result fatally or in partial
or total incapacity for work is 500,000. Reckonmg the
wage earning capacity of the average workman at $500
a year — maVn<? no allowance for the professional men,
railroad presidints, industrialists and other high salaried
officials who are injured or killed in the railways, mines,

building trades and other occupations — there is a social
and economic loss of $250,000,000 a year.

Museums of safety have been established in Berlin,
Paris, Vienna, Budapest, Milan, Munich, Stockholm,
Zurich, Amsterdam and Moscow, all of which are sup-
ported by the State, except Vienna.

The one opened in New York cannot help but be of
interest to Canadians. The occurrence of accidents has
brought out a desire to prevent them and such men as
Judge Gary of the United States Steel Corporation, Mr.
Crawford, president of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Ry.
Co. and many others are behind the scheme. The officers
of the Museum of Safety are : Philip T. Dodge, presi-
dent ; Charles Kirchoff, late editor Iron Age, vice-
president ; T. Commerford Martin, formerly editor of
"Electrical World," Frederick R. Hutton and Dr. N. E.
Ditman, chairmen of committees ; William J. Moran,
counsel, and William H. Tolman, director. One of the
planes is the organization of committees of safety in the
factories, workshops and other industrial establishments.
Laboratories for experimental purposes will also be
opened. The object is a worthy one deserving every
support.

CANCELLATION OF ORDERS.

The manufacturers of machine tools have been suffer-
ing from cancellations of orders at the option of the
user. To receive a cancellation for a machine when it
is ready to be shipped is a hardship to the builder, that
users will no doubt recognize. At the ninth annual
convention of the National Machine Tool Builders' Asso-
ciation held recently in New York, the recommendation
of C. Walter Wood of the Cincinnati Milling Machine Co.,
chairman of the committee which investigated this sub-
ject, that there be printed on the quotation lists and ac-
ceptances of orders, a clause denying the privilege of
cancellation for any other reason than the failure of the
builder to fulfill his part of the contract, was unani-
mously adopted. It was pointed out that the cancella-
tion feature had become an abusive custom and had pro-
duced a spirit of speculation among the users of machine
tools, so. that many builders and dealers had reached the
point where they would individually take a stand against
this practice unless it were done by the association. It
is expected that the dealers will follow the manufacturers
in this action, and that the effort to stamp out the can-
cellation abuse wiill become general. .

The purchase of coal on the basis of its heat content
is of the same utility as a definite understanding regard-
ing the quality of any other commodity of commerce or
industry.

Each new belt should be fully treated with some
approved form of belt dressing. The old-fashioned dress-
ing, perhaps the best, also the most costly, is neatsfoot
oil, but the rules for applying this substance are the
same as for applying modern belt dressing, which is to
spread a little of the dressing on the belt and let it soak
in. Don't put on much at a time; some people smother
a belt with dressing, the belt slips and it usually requires
two men to keep the belt on the pulleys until the dress-
ing is absorbed. To avoid this, put on a little dressing
at a time and do it often. If the belt is new and you
wish to stuff it quickly, apply the dressing liberally at
night, just at shutting-down time, and the dressing will be
absorbed and the belt ready for service in the morning. — •
American Machinist.

FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT

Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.

NEW MONARCH APPLIANCES.

THE Monarch Engineering & Mfg.
Co., manufacturers of the "Steele-
Harvey" tilting oil-burning
crucible furnace and a large number of
other oil burning furnaces and similar
appliances, have recently placed on the
market some new oil burning appliances
that are worthy of the attention of every
metal manufacturer. These appliances
are herewith illustrated.

Core-Oven Utilizing Waste Heat.
A novel combination of melting fur-
nace and core-oven, in which the waste
heat of the furnace is utilized in heat-
ing the core-oven, has been constructed.
This furnace combination is in Figs. 1
and 2. The furnace shown is the im-
proved Steele-Harvey type and in which
metal is melted in crucibles by means of

Fig. 2. — Rear View of Furnace and Core Oven

oil or gas. Either kind of fuel may be
used. In melting, there is always a large
amount of heat wasted and it occurred
to the company to utilize the waste for
heating a core-oven. The result is the
combination shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
The well known core-oven manufactured
by them and which has given so much
satisfaction is used with the furnace.

It will readily be appreciated that
such a combination means great econo-
my. The cores may be dried without
any cost whatever as the waste heat
from the melting furnace only is em-
ployed for the baking.

Ladle Heater.
In pouring from tilting furnaces, it is
necessary to use a ladle or crucible into

which the metal can be poured from the
furnace, and then into the molds. Some
founders use a ladle and others a cruci-
ble. For large quantities, the ladle will
probably be found cheaper as there is
less danger of breakage. The Monarch
Engineering & Mfg. Co., of Baltimore,

Md., have constructed a new form of
ladle heater for use in drying the ladle
or crucible used with a tilting furnace.
The heater is shown in Fig. 3. The ladle
or crucible is placed under it and the
oil flame lighted. A large slab of fire
brick over it prevents the escape of heat

i

Fig. 1.— Steele Harvey Melting Furnace in Which the Waste Heat is Utilized
for Heating a Core Oven,

Fig. 3-— New Form of Ladle Healer Recently Placed on the Market?by the
Monarch jEngineeringgand Manufacturing Co.

CANADIAN MACHINERY

61

to the burner. The drying takes place
rapidly and effectively. A feature of
the heater is that the ladle or crucible
may be heated to a high temperature
and not simply dried as it has been
found that much better results may be
obtained when it is heated quite hot.
The metal from the furnace then does
chill when poured into it, and there is
little danger from the loss of small or
thin castings from cold metal. It has
been found that many brass founders

Fig. 4. — Heater Without Ladle.

making small castings, and who have had
the idea that a tilting furnace could not
be used, have discovered that the fault
lay in not having the ladle hot enough
when the metal was poured into it. By
the use of this ladle heater, however, it
is possible to have as hot metal for
pouring into the molds as though it were
melted in small crucibles direct.

WHEEL COST A SMALL ITEM.

In. many grinding operations the wheel
wear (the first cost) is a mighty small
item of expense when compared with the
actual cost of operation, in which we
must figure the horsepower consumed,
labor, machine investment and the pro-
duction.

In order to obtain a fair idea of the
"cost of wheel," an accurate record was
kept of a grinding operation on a 10 x
72-inch Norton plain machine. The
work was grinding 35-point carbon open-
hearth machinery-steel shafts from the
black stock, taking off 1-16 of an inch,
reducing from If inch diameter to 1 5-16
inch. A 15 x 2-inch, 24-L alundum wheel
was used and in 10 hours' work it show-
ed but 0.270 inch wear. The wheel was
trued once at the start and once at the
end of six hours. Work speed, 25 feet a
minute ; wheel speed, 6,100 feet a min-
ute ; table reverse, 12 feet a minute.
That means a wheel cost of but a very
few cents a week.

It is not good policy, therefore, when
endeavoring to reach maximum grinding

economy to let the purchase price of a
grinding wheel stand in the way of a
larger production. Instead of thinking
too much about "wheel cost," due con-
sideration should be given to the other
factors of cost — labor, which must be
figured at from 60 cents to $1 an hour ;
the horsepower consumed in grinding ;
the production necessary to make the
grinding-machine investment a profitable
one and the many advantages of rapid
production. These are the factors that
must be weighed carefully when purchas-
ing grinding wheels. Compare them
with the "wheel cost."

Economy consists in getting the right
wheel for the work and operating it un-
der the most favorable conditions, and
the original cost of the wheel in most
cases is too small an item to take into
consideration.— Grits and Grinds.

NEW ANTI-FRICTION ALLOY.
A new alloy for use as an anti-fric-
tion metal has been patented by Joseph
R. Stratton of Moncton, New Bruns-
wick. He claims that a zinc .base alloy
has several advantages in it and par-
ticularly as the melting point is suffi-
ciently high to prevent the runniing out
when a bearing containing it heats. He
recommends the following proportions :

Zinc 25 lbs.

Lead • 3 lbs.

Tin If lbs.

Copper i lb.

Antimony 3 oz.

When calculated in percentages, the
mixture works out as follows :

Zinc 82.0 p.c.

Lead 9.8 p.c.

Tin 5.8 p.c.

Copper 1.7 p.c.

Antimony 0.7 p.c.

The alloy is recommended by the in-
ventor for railroad and similar heavy
work.

to become instructor in pattern making
at the Cleveland Technical High School.
The employes of the above company
presented him with a watch and fob
when leaving.

John O'Brien has resigned as night
superintendent of the Mahoning Valiey
Works of the Republic Iron & Steel Co.
at Youngstown, Ohio, to become super-
intendent of the Manitoba Rolling Mills,
Winnipeg.

Frank Forsyth recently resigned the
position of mechanical superintendent at
the works of the Lundy Shovel & Tool
Co., Peterborough. He is succeeded 'by
Peter H. F. Spies, late mechanical en-
gineer with Siemens, London, England.
Mr. Spies will be assisted by W. Jones,
late foreman shovel maker with Henry
Mills, Victoria Shovel Works, Worcester,
England.

H. J. McCaslin, who is a frequent
contributor to Canadian Machinery, has
resigned his position with the Wellman,
Seaver, Morgan Co., where he was head
of the pattern department for ten years,

N.T.R, SHOP EQUIPMENT.

The firms successfully tendering for
the equipment of the N.T.R. Shops af
Transcona, near Winnipeg, are as fol-
lows:—

Machine Tools.

In addition to the Bertram tools, the
Canadian Fairbanks Co., Montreal, se-
cured the following orders:

One 24 inch Norton grinder; one 14
inch McDougall bolt lathe with taper
attachment; three 16 in. by 6 ft. Mc-
Dougall engine lathe with taper attach-
ment; one 18 in. Gardner disc grinder;
One 14 in. McDougall lathe with taper
attachment; two 18 in. by 8 f t . Mc-
Dougall standard engine lathe with
taper attachment; one 22 in. by 10 ft.
McDougall lathe with taper attach-
ment; two "Royal" 4 in. power hack
saws; one Whitton revolving centering
machine, capacity 14 in. to 4 in ; one 14
in. by 5 ft. McDougall bolt lathe with
taper attachment; One Morse drill
grinder No. 2; one 2 in. Acme single
head bolt cutter; one 2 in. Acme triple
head bolt cutter; one Bridgeport guide
bar grinder; one McDougall 18 in. by
6 ft. engine lathe; one 16 in. Dresses
Monitor lathe with taper attachment;
one Warner & Swasey grinder; one No.
3 Blount grinder; three Norton double
emery grinders with wheels 14 in. by
2V2 in.; one 3 in. flue expander; one Mc-
Grath flue welder and swedger; four-
teen 14 lb. sledges; one Fairbanks' 200
lb. strap hammer with crane; one Fair-
banks' 125 lb. strap hammer with crane.;
One McDougall 14 in. by 5 ft. bolt lathe;
two 400 lb. anvils; two 14 lb. cross pein
blacksmiths' sledge hammers; one set of
Blacksmiths' miscellaneous tools; two
Mummert, Wolfe. & Dixon combined
grind stones and oil stones; fifteen 5 in.
self-adjusting bench vises; fifteen 6 in.
self-adjusting bench vises, all sivel type;
sixty 6 in. box vises; eighteen Fair-
banks' railway trucks; twenty-five Tom-
my bars; ten chisel bars; eighteen 10
lb. cross pein sledges; eight 14 lb. cross
pein sledges; twenty-eight sets of box
vises; twenty-five ratchet drills; two
surface blocks, 6 by 9 ft. ; four oil burn-
ers.

The Holden Co., 354 St. James St.,
Montreal received orders for the follow- ■
ing:—

' 17 pneumatic drills, "Little Giant"
size 'OR' medium, reversible, for all
ordinary drilling and reaming; 5 heavy
pneumatic drills, size 'ER' reversible,
for heavy reaming and tapping; 15 medi-
um pneumatic chipping hammers, No. 2,
new Boyer, hexagon tool nose; 6 heavy
pneumatic chipping hammers' No. 1,
new Boyer, hexagon tool nose; for very
heavy chipping and light rivetting; 3
heavy pneumatic rivetters, new Boyer,

62

CANADIAN MACHINERY

No. 80, 8 in. stroke; 12 "Little Giant"
flue expanders, assorted sizes; 3 new
Boyer long holders-on ; 1 12 in. Chicago
compression rivetter. All complete with
necessary hose, chisel blanks, rivet sets,
twist drills, etc. These tools are all of
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company's
manufacture.

The Morton Manufacturing Co., Mus-
kegon Heights, Mich., will supply the
following machines:

1 60 in. stroke Morton draw-cut cyl-
inder planer with full equipment; 1 32
in. special railroad shaper for planing
locomotive axle boxes, with full equip-
ment ; 1 30 in. and 2 26 in. stroke draw-
cut shapers, with attachments for rail-
road shops.

All of the above machines to be motor
driven.

Joseph T. Ryerson & Son, Chicago,
will supply the following:

1 Gisholt tool grinder; 1 12 ft. Ryer-
son flanging clamp; 1 Ryerson universal
cold saw; 1 pipe machine; 1 Ryerson
combined hot saw and expander; 1 Ryer-
son automatic safe end cutting-off
machine; 1 Ryerson motor driven flue>-
cleaning machine; 1 Lennox rotary bevel
shear; 1 Lennox rotary splitting shear;
2 high speed cutting-off saws; 1 600 ton
hydraulic wheel press; 1 200-ton hy-
draulic wheel press; 2 3 in. 'by 8 ft. hy-
draulic pumps, high pressure; 1 60 in.
throat, hydraulic punch; 1 560 ton, 4-
column hydraulic forging press; 1 12 in.
by 15 in. accumulator; 1 18 in. by 6 in.
gap rivetter; 1 130 ton hydraulic bull-
dozer; 1 170 ton hydraulic shear; 1 hy-
diaulic bar sbear; 1' 60 ton hydraulic
squeezer; 1 hydraulic spring bander; 1
deep throated punch, capacity 3 in. hole
in 2 in. plate; 1 Hydraulic band remov-
er; 4 Ryerson steam hammers, also
miscellaneous equipment of smaller
machines.

•Other successful tenders for machine
tools were: — John Bertram & Sons Co.,
W. H. Foster Co., A. B. Jardine, London
Machine Tool Co., Mussen's, Rudel-
Yeates Machinery Co., A. R. Williams
Machinery Co., Williams & Wilson.

Canadian Westinghouse will supply
motors for motor drive.

Laurie & Lamb will supply three
Belliss & Morcom two stage, two crank
air compressors, capable of taking in
660 cu. ft. of free air per minute and
delivering same at a final pressure of 80
to 120 lbs. per sq. in. The compressors
will be direct connected to Lancashire
Dynamo & Motor Co. 's motors, 150 h.p.
550 volts, 60 cycles, 3 phase. These
compressors are of the Belliss vertical
high speed type such as have been sup-
plied to most of the principal mines in
South Africa and other parts of the
world.

Francis Hyde & Co., Montreal, are
furnishing the following equipment : —
Grey Iron Foundry Equipment.

1 Blast pipe and gates for cupolas; 1
No. 11 Sturtevant blower; 1 40 h.p.
A. C Motor for above blower, blower
platform; 1 pneumatic elevator; 1 5 h.p.

A. C Motor; 2 Motor driven emery
grinders; 1 25 h.p. A. C. motor; 2 chip-
per 's benches, 3x12 ft ; 1 core oven 12x12
ft. by 9 ft.; 2 core ovens, 7 ft. by 12 ft
by 9 ft.; 1 portable core oven; 6 water
tanks, IS in. by 18 in. by 36 in.; 8 mold^
ing tubs; 12 molders tools for bench
work; 6 molders tools for floor work, all
complete as specified; 50 molder's shov-
els; 50 riddles, y2 in. mesh; 50 riddles,
Y± in. mesh; 25 gal. iron water buckets;
25 rammers; 50 soft brushes.

Brass Foundry Equipment.
3 brass furnaces, 26 in. inside diamet-
er, complete with linings, etc; brass
furnaces, 32 in. inside diameter, com-
plete with linings, etc; 1 steel stack,
complete; floor grates, complete as speci-
fied; 1 pair crucible tongs for No. 35
crucible; 1 pair crucible tongs for No.
50 crucible; 1 pair crucible tongs for No.

00 crucible; 1 pair crucible tongs for
No. 80 crucible; 1 pair crucible tongs for
N,. 100 crucible; 1 pair crucible tongs
for No. 150 crucible; 1 shank for No.
35 crucible; 1 shank for No. 50 crucible;

1 shaak for No. 60 crucible; 1 shank for
No. SO crucible; 1 shank for No. 100
crucible; 1 shank for No. 150 crucible;
1 portable core oven, complete; 1 core
maker's bench, 3 ft. wide, 12 ft. long;
1 chipper 's bench, 3 ft. wide, 12 ft. long;

1 band saw, complete; 1 sprue cutter,
complete; 1 10 h.p. A. C. motor, com-
plete; 1 grinder, complete; 4 molding
tubs, complete; 1 moulding machine,
complete; cold rolled steel shafting,

2 15-16 diameter; safety flanged coup-
lings for 2 15-16 in. shaft; 24 in. drop
hangers, complete self-oiling type; erect-
ing and lining up main line pulleys;
structural steel frame work, motor
brackets, etc., including painting, erect-
ing, complete.

Furnaces and Forges.

1 single MeCaslin forge; 1 open type
forge; 1 furnace for 'boiler flanging
work; 1 annealing furnace, 8 ft. by 12
ft.— 6 ft. inside; 1 tire furnace for tires
up to 96 in. diameter; 2 coke forges;
2 coppersmith 's forges ; 1 flange forge ;
13 double MeCaslin forges, 48 in. by 48
in hearth; 1 single MeCaslin forge, for
spring work; 1 single open frame forge
for frame work; 1 bolt furnace, 9 in. by
3714 in. for bolt forging machine; 1
forging machine furnace, 20 in. by 40
in. for 39/2 in. forging machine; 1 bull-
dozer furnace, 3 ft. by 9 ft., for arch
bars, etc. ; 1 axle furnace, 4 ft. 11 in. by
7 ft. 11 in., for axles, etc.; 1 furnace,
2 ft. 10 in. by 4 ft. 4 in., for 3,500 lb.
hammer; 1 furnace, 2 ft. by 5 ft., for
spring tapering rolls; 1 double furnace,
5 ft. 6 in. by 8 ft., for spring setting
and case hardening; 1 furnace, 2 ft. by
5 ft., for nibber and trimmer; 1 furnace,
2 ft by 7 ft., for spring setting; 1 furn-
ace, 4 ft. by 4 ft., for spring band work;
1 porter bar furnace, 2 ft. by 4 ft., for
bar work; 1 double MeCaslin forge, 48
in. by 48 in. hearths; 1 bulldozer furn-
ace, 2 ft. by 6 ft.

Foundry equipment is also being sup-
plied by Whiting Foundry Equipment
Co., Harvey, 111.

Cranes.

The order placed with Geo. Anderson
& Co., Montreal, is as follows: —

1 5-ton electric travelling crane, 57 ft.

2 in. span, for grey iron foundry; 1 10-
ton hand power travelling crane, 57 ft.,
1.5 in. span, for power house; One 5-ton
hand power overhead travelling crane,
35 ft., 2 in. span, for stores platform;

3 1-ton hand power travelling cranes,
26 ft., 10.5 in. span, for grey iron
foundry; 4 electric underbrased swing
cranes, for grey iron foundry and yard ;

11 pillar swing cranes for the forge
shop.

Others supplying cranes are Morgan
Engineering Co., and Mussens.

The Manitoba Bridge & Iron Works,
Winnipeg secured orders for shafting,
hangers and structural steel framework.

The belting order was placed with
D. K. McLaren. The industrial tracks
and turntables will be supplied by the
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co.

Lockers were shipped in November by
the Dennis Wire & Iron Works Co.,
London. They are double tier style,

12 by 12 by 42. They are made entirely
of cold rolled flat patent leveled) steel
sheets. The doors are expanded metal
with angle steel frames with steel rein-
forcing platform for top and bottom.

Power House.

John Inglis Co. supplied Erie City
water-tube boilers, air compressors and
pumps. John McDougall Caledonia Iron
Works supplied pumps.

The C. G. E., Toronto, suppled 3 en-
gine type, 3-phase-500 K.W.-600 volt
generators, 150 r.p.m.; 1 engine type,
3-phase-250 K.W.-600 volt generators,
150 r.p.m.; 1 engine type D.C. generator,
150 K.W., 250 volts, 225 r.p.m. ; 2 D. C.
exciters, 125 volts, 275 r.p.m.; 1 Motor
generator set, 225 H.P. capacity.

The Robb Engineering Co.. Amherst,
N.S., were awarded contract for one
3,000 h.p. Hoppes feed water heater.

The following engines are being buik
by the Goldie & MeCulloueh Co., Gait:
Three 21-in. and 34-in. by 30-in. 750 1 JJ.
P. cross-compound, heavy duty non-con-
densing corliss engines, each direct con-
nected to one 500 K.W., three phase. 60
cyicle generator, speed 150 R.P.M; one
1(8 in. by 30 in. 375 IJI.P. heavy duty,
simple non-condensing corliss engine,
direct connected to one 250 K.W., three
phase, 60 cycle generator, speed 150
R.P.M. ; one 14 in. by 30 in. 225 LH.P.
heavy duty simple non-condensing cor-
liss engine, direct connected to one 150
K.W. direct current, generator, speed
150 R.P.M.; two 11 in. by 12 in. (ex-
citer) side crank, non-condensing ideal
engines, direct connected to 75 K.W.,
D.C. generators, speed 275 R.P.M., 115
H.P. each.

View of the Plants of the Ontario Iron and Steel Co., and the Page-Hemey Iron T

ube> and Lead Co.. Welland.

The Large Steel Foundry and Pipe Mill at Welland

Under One Management, There are Two Large Industries at Welland— the Ontario Iron &
Steel Co., and the Page-Hersey Iron Tube & Lead Co.— Both Large Concerns Producing Iron
and Steel Products. The Steel Plant has Been in Operation for Some Time, While the Pipe
Mill was Opened Quite Recently. Both These Plants are so Well Equipped and Modem in
Every Particular That a Brief Description is Interesting and Instructive.

THE steel plant of the Ontario Iron
and Steel Co., Welland, has the
largest, most extensive, and probably
the best equipped steel foundry in Can-
ada, producing a very large output each
year. The plant is capable of handling
almost any size of work, and have suc-
cessfully made intricate castings weigh-
ing upwards of 27,000 pounds— such ar-
ticles as generator frames, turbine
runners1, etc.

The steel foundry is housed in the
large building to the right in the half-
tone, and is conveniently arranged
throughout. It is 250 ft. long by 180
ft. wide. The small building in the
immediate foreground is the pattern
storage building, a building 100 ft. long
by 50 ft. wide, but which is much too
small to accommodate conveniently all
the patterns they have accumulated.
Additions are therefore contemplated.
The smaller building to the right which
is 100 ft. by 34 ft., is the pattern shop,
where the majority of the patterns are
made. The equipment is of the best to
produce high class work.

Back of the steel foundry, is the open-
hearth ingot shop, where open-hearth
steel ingots are produced. The building
is of the usual light corrugated gal-
vanized construction, so generally used
for such work, and measures 200 ft. by
100 ft. The furnaces are ranged along
the back wall, with the ingot pit direct-
ly before it, and the stripping floor in
front of that again. Convenience has
been the keynote of the whole construc-

tion, which has been carried on through-
out the whole plant by A. M. Moseley,
works manager, who installed the whole
plant of both concerns.

To the left of the ingot shop is the
rolling-mill, a building 300 ft. long by
100 ft. wide, in which are two sets of
rolls, actuated by a large induction
motor. A large variety of bar stock
and re-inforcing bars are made, as well
as angles up to 2 inches in size.

In front of this building is the rail
joint mill, a 100 by 40 ft. building de-
voted to the production of this parti-
cular class of work.

Pipe Works.

The series of buildings back of these
buildings just described, belong to the
Page-Hersey Iron Tube and Lead Co.,
which, as before mentioned are under
the same management as the Ontario
Iron and Steel Co. The building in the
far distance is one that the prophetic
eye of the artist portrayed, as are also
the two smaller buildings to the left in
the illustration. They are additions
that are to be erected in the very near
future, for the capacity of the pipe mill
is already taxed.

At the end of the long shop, extend-
ing to the right, is the pipe rolling
mill, where the rough skelp passes
through the various operations that
finally turn out as pipe. It is a build-
ing 180 ft. long and 100 ft. wide.

The long building before-mentioned,
contains pipe threading department, and

the pipe storage. The nearer third of
the building is not completed as yet, as
the company is still quite young. It is
a building 50 ft. wide, with the finish-
ing section 140 ft. long, and the stor-
age of a similar length.

On the right, projecting this way
from the rolling mill, is the coupling
department and machine shop, the build-
ing being 180 ft. long by 50 ft. wide.
An extensive machine shop is necessary
to repair the many breaks occurring in
such heavy machinery subjected to con-
siderable strains, r

To the night of this building may be
seen a long crane way, 300 ft., long,
running into the far end of the rolling
mill. It extends over the whole length
of the skelp storage yard, and is used
for carrying the latter into the rolling
mill.

At the far end of the rolling mill is
another lightly constructed building
where the producers are located. While
national gas is plentiful, producer gas
has been found to be superior. Three
large producers are in service.

Transportation facilities are excellent.
In the immediate foreground, is to be
seen the main line of the Canada South-
ern division of the Michigan Central.
Numerous switches and tracks reach
every part of the yard. The same set
of tracks lead to a small industrial line
running to the Welland Canal, seen in

the distance. In every way, the plant
is thus ideally located.

INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS

Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.

Foundry and Machine Shop.

SYDNEY— An agreement between the Dominion
Steel Co. and Alexander Cross & Sons will re-
sult in the latter erecting grinding machinery
to deal with the Steel Co.'s production of basic
slag. This means a large expenditure in build,
ings and machinery and the employment of a
considerable staff of men.

HUMBERSTONE— The foundry and automobile
supply store of T. E. Eeeb & Sons, here, was
destroyed by fire on Nov. 23. The loss is $15,000
and insurance $4,000.

CHELMSFORD— Anthracite coal of the best
quality has been found here and experts say that
the whole valley in which the town is situated
Is underlaid with coal. A company has been
formed and the coal will be marketed in a short
time.

HUNTSVILLE. ONT.— The Huntsville Engine
Works Co. has assigned.

CALGARY— The Ottawa Furnace Co. will erect
a plant here for the manufacture of furnaces,
ranges, etc.

SOUTHAMPTON. N.S.— The carriage factory of
S. Fillmore, was destroyed by fire. Loss. $35.-
000.

EDMONTON— Edmonton will spend $500,000 for
new waterworks and pumping machinery.

BOSTON MILLS, ONT.— The flour mills of H.
Bracken & Son. were destroyed by fire. Loss,
$15,000.

SELLWOOD, ONT.— The Moose Mountain Min-
ing Co. have decided to erect a new refining
plant on their property here. With this new ad-
dition it is estimated that a total of 2,500 tons
of finish iron will be turned out daily. Macken-
zie & Mann are prominent in the management
of the company.

PORT ARTHUR. ONT.— A large foundry will
be erected at Port Arthur to manufacture cast-
iron pipes and car wheels. This is in conjunc-
tion with the Atikokan blast furnace. Five
hundred thousand dollars will be expended in the
project and as this will make a very much
larger demand for the pig iron of the present
plant, which is of 200 tons capacity and 100
coke ovens, the extension of the blast furnace is
already under serious consideration.

STJALT STE MARIE— On Nov. 12 the blast
furnaces of the Lake Superior Corporation turn-
ed out 680 tons of Bessemer iron. The former
record for one day was 676 tons. The average
output for the last month was 652 tons per
day.

PORT HOPE— The Judicial Committee of the
Privy Council in England, which is the court of
:ast resort in the British Empire, has decided
in favor of the Standard Ideal Co., Port Hope,
Ont.. in the litigation between that company
and the Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.. Pittsburgh,
Pa. The matter at iBsue was the use of the
word "Standard" in the Port Hope company's
name. In the Canadian courts the case was de-
cided in favor of the Pittsburgh company. The
Standard Ideal Co. will now. It is said, increase
its manufacturing capacity. It has already un-
der construction at plant No. 2 a building that
is to cost about $100,000.

PORT ARTHUR— It is announced that the
Atikokan Iron Co.'s furnace here will be kept in
operation all winter.

OTTAWA— The Schwab Boiler Heating Co. has
been incorporated under Dominion laws, with a
capital of $100,000, the head office to be at Ot-
tawa.

N'EEPAWA. Man.— The Match Factory Co..
whose building operations here have begun is to
pnt In a large amount of machinery.

ORILLIA — Proposals have been made to the
National Hardware Co., to remove its lock
works from that town, but the company has
practically decided to enlarge the Orillia plant
rather than build entirely new works elsewhere.
FORT WILLIAM— Lumhy-Stenhouse. Ltd., is
building a foundry and machine shop here to
cost $40,000.

PORT DOVER. ONT.— The Widespread Imple-
ment Co. is putting up buildings. Its planing
mills are nearly ready for the machinery, and
the foundry building is progressing rapidly.

FORT WILLIAM— The Superior Rolling Mills
Co., of Fort William, recently organized to es-
tablish a plant at that city, has been merged
with the Steel Co., of Canada. J. Orr Cal-
laghan, of the Steel Co., states that plans are
in preparation for the plant on a considerably
larger scale than that contemplated by the
Superior Rolling Mills Co

WINDSOR— The Winkley Co. will establish a
Canadian branch at Windsor, for the manufac
ture of brass goods, at a cost of about $15,000.

YORKTON, SASK.— The Birrell Motor Plow
Co., of Winnipeg, may establish a branch fac-
tory here at a cost of $50,000.

HAMILTON— The Canadian Steel Co. obtained
a permit on Oct. 21 for the first of its niw
buildings to be erected here. The structure will
be a 1-storey frame and corrugated iron mill
building 210 x 70 feet.

TORONTO— Fire damaged the plant of the
Wilkinson Plow Works to the extent of several
thousand dollars on Nov. 8. The molding shop
was destroyed together with scores of patterns.

MEDICINE HAT— A by-law was carried on
Oct. 17th granting a site and a $10,000 gas well
to the Alberta Iron Roller Mills Co. Work on
the buildings has commenced.

FERGUS, ONT.— Fergus may grant Beatty
Bros., manufacturers of agricultural implements,
a loan of $25,000 for 15 years, without interest,
and a fixed assessment of $5,000. exclusive of
school taxes.

MONCTON— A proposition is on foot to move
the Whelpley Skate concern from Greenwich.
King's County, to Moncton. N.B. The council
of Moncton has fixed the taxes on the industry
at $1.00 a year for ten years, and promises free
water. Moncton men are subscribing stock.

TORONTO— H. Disston & Sons are to erect a
one storey addition to their Canadian saw-mak-
ing plant on Fraser Avenue, to to cost $6,000.

SARNTA— The Sutherland Fence Co.. of this
place, are building a new factory, 150 bylOO ft.,
capable of handling a large output of woven
wire fence.

AMHERST. N.S.— The Amherst Malleable Co.
Is extending its premises by an addition in
which it is expected 150 men will be employed.

ST. BONIFACE. MAN.— The Winnipeg Ceiling
and Roofing Co. is building a $60,000 plant at
St. Boniface.

GANANOQUE— Fire was the cause of from
$150,000 to $175,000 loss to the Ontario Wheel
Co.'s works here on Nov. 3rd. Insurance
will be rebuilt as Gananoque has guaranteed the
company exemption from taxation for ten
years.

MORRISBURG— The tack factory will increase
the number of machines used from twenty-five to
fifty. A steam heating plant is being installed.

GUELPH— The property of the Grundy Stove
Co. has been purchased by James Fowler, of
Toronto, who will commence operations shortly.

TORONTO— The Canadian Autopress Co. have
purchased a factory at the corner of Eastern
and Carlaw Avenues, this city, and will build
an addition.

GUELPH — A proposition has been accepted by
this city from Mr. Phillips, of Detroit, re the
establishing of a plant for the manufacture of
automobiles. The company will occupy the old
Morlock factory for three years at a nominal
rental of $1 and for the remaining seven years
of a ten year lease at $600 per year.

WINNIPEG — The Winnipeg Wire and Iron
Works have registered a partnership between
Chns. E. Hammersley and Geo. A. Pepper.

TORONTO— The King Radiator Co. is making
extensive additions to its plant.

WALKERVILLE— The Penherthy Injector Co.
is extending its plant.

OTTAWA — Negotiations are being carried on
with Detroit capitalists regarding the establish-
ment of an automobile factory here.

TORONTO— The Ontario Wind Engine & Pump
Co. is building a new $6,000 boiler house. The
company reports having received large orders
for railroad tanks.

TORONTO— The Dayton Scale Co., of Dayton,
Ohio, will establish a branch factory in Toron-
to. A site with 200 feet frontage on Campbell
Ave. has been purchased.

VANCOUVER— An engineering works to cost
$5,000,000 is to be established near this city. The
proposition is being looked after by Lincoln
Chandler, of Birmingham, England, who is con-
nected with the British Empire Bridge Works in
that city, and is secretary of the Metropolitan
Amalgamated Railway Carriage and Wagon Co..
of Saltley.

TORONTO— Permits were issued during the
week of Oct. 22-31 for the erection of a 3-storey
brick automobile factory for the Elder Carriage
Works to cost $12,000 : a 4-storey brick ware-
house for the Consolidated Optical Co. at $45,-
000 ; a 3-storey brick factory for the National
Electric Heating Co. at $14,000 : a brick car
storage for the Toronto Ry. Co., at $14,500.

KAMLOOPS, B.C.— A smelter, of the rever-
batory type, is to be established here by the
interests operating the Iron Mask properties.

KINGSTON— The locomotive works here have
received an order from the C.P.R. for eight ad-
ditional engines, making 18 now under contract.

YARMOUTH, N.S.— The Burrell-Johnson Iron
Co. are fitting four steamers with boilers and
machinery.

WOODSTOCK— -The Maximillian Machine Co..
of Buffalo, will erect a Canadian branch factory
here for the manufacture of pneumatic rivetting
machines. $100,000 will be expended.

GALT— A second storey is being added to the
plant of the Gait Motor Co. The addition will
be of brick and used for the manufacture of
two cycle engines.

LACHINE. QUE.— The Canadian Tube & Iron
Co., of Ottawa, are contemplating the erection
of a large plant here.

SARNIA.— An offer has been received from a
party in Houston, Texas, to start a gas engine
factory. The offer is conditional upon a free
site and exemption from taxation.

MONTREAL— It is officially announced that
the amount to be expended by the Canadian
Pacific Railway on improvements in connection
with the Place Viger new passenger and freight
terminals and freight shed is $3,000,000.

PORT ARTHUR— The steamship Beaverton
brought a cargo of machinery to Port Arthur a
few days ago for the Western Dry Dock & Ship-
building Co.'s plant.

ST. BONIFACE. MAN— The Rice Malting Co.
will buy engines and elevators for its new $250,-
000 brewery.

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