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C A N A D I A N M A C H I N K R Y tpf
INDEX TO
Gnadian Machinery
.^^ MANUFACTURING NEWS ^
Volume vii
January to December, 191i
-nil-
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, London. Eng.
New York, Chicago
■Die]-
■is_
CANADIAN MACHINERY
INDEX. VOL. VII
AKTICLBS.
Page.
Aonual ConveiiUou '"f Foundrynieu at Pittsburg 144
.\ppreiitlc«> yuestlim. The 212
Armor Plate In Britlsb Navy, Evolution of 280
Babbitt Metals 141
Uabhitt Metala. Testing 183
Itertram Tonvertlble Planer, The Development of 97
Holler iK-sIgn, Construction, Repairing, Etc 40, 72, :01, 131.
159, 198
Canada Steel Co.'s Rail-Carbon Steel Rolling Mill 293
Cauailian Westinghouse Co.. Knlarged Works of 127
Census Counting anil Tabulating Mafhinc. .\ liiique 318
Centrifugal Compressor for Cupola Use 340
Centrifugal Filtration Plant Pump, Evolution of 164
Cbalu Drives, Applliabilit.v to Power Tniiisiii.ssioii 2t>li
Collingwood Sbipbuilding and Engineering Co.. Ltd 327
Confereui-e on Edueutdon and Training of Engineers 214
Co-n|>eration Between Central Station and Manufacturer 193
Crank Pin Turning .Machine, The Gardner 184
Degnvs in Engineering 179
lioherty Process of Iron Founding 118
Drilling Records. Recent 211
Drop Titrging. Recent Developments in Tools and Dies 298
Dry Diick. Poison Iron Works. Toronto 288
Educiilion and Training of Engineers, Conference on 214
Effb-lency of Tools and Economy in Manufacture 315
Eiricienl Shop Dperallon. IVatnres to be Noted in 332
Elwtrl.- .Method of Spot Welding 207
Electric Smeltlug of Iron and Steel, Developments In 203
Electrically (iperated ftverbead Travelling Ci;incs ;j3,i
Factory Location, Is II Immaterial If Prodmt niiexielled 99
Faitory Sanitation and ECfioIency 143
Fitting Pipe Templets 34S
Foremen, Su<-ces8 in Training Industrial 20B
<;eorgian Bay Canal and the Trans|)ortation I'roblem.. 355, 358
(Srand Trunk Ry. Car Shops. London. Out.. Welfare Dept... 157
tirlnding. The Field for Commercial 38
Crindlng. Twist Drill 183
Inlernatlonal Marine Signal Co., Plant and Produ<ts 235
Jollette Steel and Iron Foundry Co.. Ltd 324
M.aehine Tool .\rrangement. Department Plan of 181
Machine Tool Manufacture — Quality and CSu.irantee 71
Machine Tool Problem. X t'ser's View of 37
Machine Tool Standardization. Problems involved in 314
Machining Flexible .Toint for Toronto Intake Pipe 42
Manufacturing .Machine Tools. Interesting D.ita on 149
Mil-ban I'-iil Drawing and Sketching for Machinists.. 39. 74. 102.
129. 1.50. 228. 256. 287. 320. 341
McClarv .Mfg. Cii.'s "Welfare" Department 6,';
Mclicai Department. The Norton Co.'s 352
M.I'.R. Shops at St. Thomas. A Day's Ramlde Through 12
Milling Cutters. Making, to Stnure Greatest Efficiency 121
.Modern .Machine Tool Practice for Maximum Production 1
.Montreal Technical School. Its Mission and Equipment 261
Norton Co.'s Medical Department ;{52
Oxv-.Vcetvlene Blow Pipe. Some Everyday Oseg of 295
Pl|>e Templets. Fitting 348
i'neumatic Appliances at O.T.R. Car Shops, London, Ont 67
Safeguarding Machinery In Industrial Plants 95
Sberardizing. A .Modern Rust-prooflng Process 151
Shop Floors 323
Shot (!nn. Making a DoulilcP.airelled 63
Shop Kinks and Methods 310
Spur Ge.i rs 212, 264
Standard Lists 179
Standardizing Design and Details 242
Standardizing E<inipments and Fits 209
Success in Traiiiing Industrial Foremen 205
Templets. Fitting Pipe .348
Testing Babbitt Metals 183
Twist Drill Grinding 183
Twist Drill and Other Internal Cutting Tool Practice.. 69, 95
Water Discharge from Short Nozzles. Experiments on 10
Wrought Iron Pipe. Maniifiictiirc of Lap-Welded 178
Bl SINESS MANWCKMENT.
ArtlOclal Lighting of a Factory Location 259
.VwardK S<'beme. .\n 3.57
Business Opportunities 57
Business Ta x. A Lower 24
nean vs. Dirty Shops 143
Cnnv.tnlent Toilet Rooms 128
Cost Card System 24
Cmoes (JIbl Save Time 142
Dumiry Wnlter and S|>eakiiig Tube Saves Monev 116
Ktriclency Movement. .V Phase of 322
Electric f>anes. Safety Devices on 232
Factory Telephone. The 116
Handling Materials and Machinery 170
n^n<1ll6r of Men. The 232
Page.
Heating Heinfoiccd Concrete Buildings 232
Uow to Save $1,000,000 171
Important Lighting Considerations 281)
Instruction in Shops 70
Jib Cranes Save Time 142
Lesson In Efficiency 26
Lighting Consideration. Important 289
Lighting of a Factory Lo<'atlon, The .\rtificlal 259
Limitations on Sclentlllc Efficlemy 'ioi
Lower Business Tax 24
.Machine Shop, The Small 232
.Modern Management Notes 322
Object Lesson in Efficiency 171
Phase of Efficiency .Movement, A 322
;planlns .Mill Electrification ;«^
Produce 116
Profitable Ethics 170
Profit Sharing at a Paper Mill 368
IPurchasing Macliine Tools. System of 88
Responsibility of Manufacturers for Training Skilled
Mechanics 142
Safety Devices on Electric Cranes 232
iScientiflc Efficiency, Limitations on 201
Scientific Industrial Operation 201
Scientific Management 367
■Scientific Management, What is it? 57
■Shipping and Receiving Platform 142
Small .\Iaclilne Shop, The , 232
System of Purchasing Machine "Tools 88
Toilet Rooms, Convenient 128
Tool Room Management 87
CORKE8POMDENCE.
Designing Propellers 18
Facing Bolt Hole 48
Holding Work on Planer 19, 107
Long Lathe Work 79
Salt, Fae of Common 107, 169
Tapping Hole Straight 48, 79
Tempering Small Shear Blades 18
Tinning Cast Iron Crosshead Slippers 70
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY.
Adjustable Die-heads, Scdid 82
Adjustable High Speed Machine Reamer 300
Air Drill, Cleveland Corner 261
.Mr Drill, Cleveland 4-pi8ton 260
Air Hoist, The Always Ready 335
.\llcii Adjustable Stake Riveter 180
Allen Ha mmer Riveter 309
Automatic Car Gainer — .\n Kfficiency Combination 270
.\utomatic Cylindrical Grinder 62
■.4.utomfttic Locking Voot Treadle. Hardinge ,309
Automatic Tapping Machine, Garvin No. 2A 252
.Vutomatlc Spring and .\lr Chucks 134
Automatic Variable Feed 110, 134
Bali Bearing .Tounml .Tack 274
Bench Lathe, Remington 134
Bolt Header. A New 261
Bolt Cutter and Nut Tapper 82
Bolt Cutter, .Motor-driven Quadruple 261
Boring, Milling and Drilling Machine 83
Car Tool. .\ General Purpose 344
Car Wheel Boring Machine 20
Clialn Tongs and Pipe Vise 20
CIscoe Lathe Tests 19
Cleveland Corner Air Drill 261
Cleveland 4-pl8ton Air Drill 250
Coach Wheel Lathe, G.T.R. Shops. Montreal HW
('omblnatlon Centre Drills in Sets 346
Die. .\ New Opening 164
Die Sharpener ; 252
Dog. A New Style Lathe 300
Double Spindle Shaper. Extra Heavy 309
Donlile Vertical Milling Machine 84
Drilling .Machine. Sibley 4-Spindle Hi-Siieed 165
Drilling Machine. Sililev Motor-driven 249
Drilling Machine. Sibley All-geared 305
Drilling Machine. .\ Hydro-Pnenmatlc 278
Drilling Machine. All-geared Multl-spindle 277
Drilling Machine. Multiple for Meat Cntter Plates 277
Drilling Machine. New 137
Drill Press. Heavy Duty 222, 225
Duplex Milling Machine 21
flap Lathe. Motor-driven, with Extension Bed 249
Gear Cutting Machine 22
Gear Cutting. Spiral 60
Gear Patterns, Machine for Cutting 276
CANADIAN MACHINERY
^
its-
•.•iillc
■^1,
Geometric Tool Co.'s 'rbreadlng Miu-bliie
Grinder. A Heavy Wet Tool
Grinder. An Improved Beneli Tool
Grinders, Motor-driven
Urinder, Tlio Hardinge luiversul
Haik-Siiw Blade, Klexilde
lliind.v Uydranllc I'reas
llardinye Aiitoinalir I.orlting l''oot
Heavy i)uty Engine Liillie
Heavy Wet To(d Grinder
Hlgli Dnty Drill Press, I'"oi)te-liurte
Hoisting Wineh , The Fortunu Aiitouuitle
Horizontal Uoriug Machine, Universal ....
Ilydrii-I'nennuitie Drill
Internal Grinders
Internal Tliread Milling
Journal .laelv, A Ball-Bearlng
Lamp Hrncket, Searohllght Universal
Lathes of American Tool Works Co., New .
Lathe, I'oach Wheel, (5.T.R. Shops, Montreal
Lilt lie, ,V liMrge
Lathe, .V New Kngine
Lathe, New U-imh
Lathe, A New Turret
Lathe, The Morris New KMuch
Lathe Dog. A New Style
.Machine 'I'oiil, A New
.Marking Macldne
Milling Macliine. Donble Vertl<'al
Milling .Macliine, Duplex
.Milling .Macliine, I'hlin
.Milling .Machine. \"ertlcal
.Multiple Drill for Meat Cutter IMates
.Mnlti-s|iiiiille Drill. Ail-geared
New ttpening Die
Nut Tapping Machine, Senit-uutoinntle
I'aper File Handle
ripe Bending .Machine
I'ipe Macliine, .Motor-driven
I'ipe Threading Machine
rialu .Milling .Machine 21,
i'laner for High Speed Sleel
Positive Chain Tongs and Pipe Vise
Power Hack Saw, New Tvpe of
Radial Drill, Full Universal
Keamer, ,\d.instai>le Higii Speed
Klveter, .\llen Adjustable Stake
Itiveter, Allen Hammer .
Rotary Planing M,-ichine. .New Design of
Searchlight Universal Lamp Br.-icket
Senii-Antomatic Nut Tapping .Matdiine
,shapcr, i:xtra Heavy Doulde Spindle
Shipliuilding Crane, New Type of
Sililey .\ll-geared Drilling Machine
Sildev 4-spindle Hi-Speed Drilling Machine
Solid Ad,iustable Die Heads :
Spiral Gear Cutting
Surfacer, 24-inch Single
Tapping .Machine. Garvin No. 2A Antomatlc
Tapping Machine. Two-bead Automatic
Threading Machine, Geometric Tool Co.'s
Tool Grinder, A Heavy Wet
Toid Grinder. Improved Bench
Turret Lathe, A New
Universal Horizontal Boring Machine
Univ&rsal Tladial Drill
Universal Wood Gear Cutting Machine
Vertical Hollow Chisel Mortiser A: Car Gainer (An Etrieiency
Comliination)
Vertical .Milling Machine
Vertical Milling Machine. Double
Page.
l!Hi
222
223
:t4(l
13«
180
,'i(Ki
40
1110
34S
110
270
112
50
274
305
13«
103
321
101
aOti
274
:i(Ki
300
343
226
S4
21
224
83
li;4
163
aOo
190
110
82
224
20
20
IS!)
1311
30C
18!)
.•Kin
136
305
163
30!)
345
305
165
82
50
222
252
344
308
100
222
274
110
136
61
276
83
84
EDITORIAL.
Accidents, Prevention and First Aid 108
.\cliievenient, the True Measure 347
Attribute of Loyalty, The 167
Awards Scheme, An 311
Away with Them 81
Be Aljle to Say Yes and No 130
Business Man's Awakening, The 10!)
Canada's Accident Record 311
Canadian .Manufacturers and Exports 81
Canadian National Exhibition, 1911 253
Care of Emery Wheels, The 311
Caring for Machinery 130
Common Courtesy 28
Compensation for In.1tired and Aged Workmen 100
Conveying Your Idea to Another 227
Co-oper.-itlon 279
Digging 80
Do the Hard Things First 138
Elducatiou and Ability 279
Efficiency and Contentment of Employe 167
Efficiency Engineer, The 108
Efficiency of Railroad Shops 28
Efficiency Question, The 197
Experience as a Teacher 81
Have SufTicient Equipment 29
Health and Care of Employes 28
Incompetency and Inefficiency 58
Investig.ition Svstem of Purchase 81
Labor Day 253
Machine Tool Complaints 80
Machinery and Maintenance Savings 59
McNamara Confession, The 347
Mechanic's Education, The 227
Quebec Bridge, The ^
linestlon of Endurance, A }™
(Question of Finance, A ^^
Reliable Equipment "^
Self-Improvement
Stores Department, The
Technical Education for .lilechauics ....
Tlniiiksgivlng Day, 1911
Time Limit for Tenders
Tuples of the .Month
Trade Conventions an Aid to Progrreaa
Wastes Time of .Man and .Machine
Word to the Apprentice, A
Writing to Trade Papers
Vonr Personal Equipuient
a. W,
Page.
293
. im
. 138
. <U
22T
U»
106
81
US
227
188
FOUNDKV AMD PATTKBN SHOP.
Aluminum Bronze \
Brass .Melting Furnace !....!!!!!!!!!
Breaking Gate in Mold .' !!!."!!.'
Bronze Casting, A Large !!!!!!
Ilnlldozer Casting, Making a !.!!!!.!!!!!!!
Cast Iron, Strength of ..'...'.'.!.'.'
Cliemistry in tlie Foundry !!.!'.!!'.
(Concrete I'atterns i!!!!
Core Bench .lolt Uammers !!!!!!!!!!!!!
Core Itanimlng .Machine, .Sew .,
Defects In Gas Engine Castings !!!.!.'!!!!
Defects ill Small Castings '.".!!!!
Detroit Core .Machine, The '. ,''.
Die Casting \^\\
l''ouudry Construction, Types of !!!,!!!!!!!!!!!!
Fi>undry Exhibition Company, Meeting of ........
Foundrymen's Convention and Eshlbitlon at Pittsburg
Green Sand, Dry Sand, Loam and Cores
Hardening and .Mixtures for Cast Iron
injuries and Diseases of Molders
Killing Molding .Machine \\
La rge Steel Castings , • 117
Leather Pattern Fillets .' '
Light Eiiiow Pipes with (Sreen Sand (/ores ................
.Machine Rollers Cast Vertically
.Melting Iron in Crucibles '.
.Miscellaneous Alloys !'.!!!!
.Molding a Glass-Polishing Roller iu \Mavii .............. .'..'.
Molding an Unusual Baffle Plate
.Molding Heavy Fly Wheels ....'....'.
.Molding Propeller in Core ...'.'..'.'.
.Motor Car Bearing Metal
Open Hearth Furnaces for Small Castings ........'..'.'.
Patternmakers' Uandscrew Rack
Patternmakers' Tool Cliest !'.!!!!
Piecework Patternmaking
Plttslmrg Convention Programme '........'.
I'neumatic Tests of Pipe ]
Skeleton and Sweep Patterns !!..!.!!!!
Steel Castings, Large
Strengtii of Cast Iron
Tumbling Barrel
Types of Foundry Construction
\aiiadtiim Steel Castings
Vanadium Steels in Locomotive Practice
Ventilation of Brass Foundries, Need of
Vcllow Brass .Ml>;ture for Plumbers Brass Goods
U«
IIB
61
IM
281
320
2M
60
218
28
217
2H
■iOO
68
2Sfi
260
.174
313
172
31
•a
243
61
\n
283
120
120
348
312
60
«*
61
284
17V
60
61
U7
31
SO
243
S2S
23
206
304
30
173
117
<i088IP OF THE TRADK.
See Pages ((I, 147. 105, 160, 200, 233,252
LEGAL.
Recent Legal Decisions
United Engineering and Foundry Co
286
338
.HAC'HINK .SHOP .METHOUM AND DEVICBS.
.\djustalile Boring Tool for .Milling Machine 272,
Adjustaiile Hollow Mill
.K\x Drills, Pneumatic Feed for
Air-driven Grinder
Air Hoist Device . .„
Air Pump for Testing Boilers
Arlior for Thin Saws, A Simple
Automatically Producing Conical Surfaces on a Boring Mill..
I'dne Print.^, .Making Perfect
Boring a Cylinder on Engine Lathe
Boring Bar for Elliptic Cylinder
Boring Head. An Expanding ,
Boring Tool for .Milling .Machine, Adjustable 2r.',
Boring Tool for the I,atlie
Brazed ,Tolnt, To Make a
Burnishing Tools, Novel Method of Fluting Small
( eiitiliig Indicator Holder
Chuck, A Simple
Cleaning Shop Motors
(!oll.ipsiiiie Boring Tool
Comldnalioii Drill, Ren.ner and t'ntter ...
Comldned Milling and Drilling .llg
Compasses fer P.ittern Shop, Handy
Conical Turning on a Drill Press
Counterliore. A Novel
Crank Sliaft Jig
Orosshead Lock Nut
Cutting a i..ong Lead Screw
Cutting Curve on a Planer
Cutting Key.seats on a Lathe
Cylinder-Boring on an Bnglne Lathe
Cylinder. Itelxirlng a Large
Djpth Gauge
Disc Grinding •.
Distance (langes
Dog Jooth CIntch. Machining a
Drill Gauge for the Tool Crib
Drilling .iig •
Drilling .i|g for Irregular Holes
Drillinif Kink
Drilling Taper Holes
302
244
no
220
219
247
102
161
162
221
78
272
302
271
126
2T1
17
244
104
104
132
17
221
301
330
10
244
15
36::
^71
221
326
246
160
78
219
tm
302
271
77
244
CANADIAN MACHINERY
MAt'HINK SHOP MKTHOUS AND DKVU'KS,
iCiiiilliiiiwl) „
Page.
KCMiomlr PnnrhiDK 4S
KxiuindlnK Boring Ilenil -'-
ExipDKioii Prill nmile of I'Ipe ';''
F»ilo« To».l '°
l>rnil» Roller *!;
Klxlun- f..r Ciitlins Mitre Gears 1'
riexllile tV'Uplluj; • • • *T
FloalliiK S..<ki-t »"r Kiiiislitiig Iteaim-r -_^-
Fluliu; Sm;ill BorulshliiK Tools. Novel Method of 2il
»"or»liig v». High Si>eetl Steel J^
Forging Work. .\ii Interesting I'lei-e of 187
Fresh .Mr Without I'rafI 132
Gas Kuglue Valves. .Making S**"-
GeKlng <J<""I Work from a Shaky Vise M
Grinder, An Air-driven --0
Grinding. Uls. ■• 1«0
Grinding Kljilurr. .V Simple lOtl
Grinding Wheel Kqulpiueut 104
Uat-k-Sa« .\ttarhnK'nt for Lathes *7
Band Wire Tutler 301
Bandy fomimsses for Pattern Shop 221
Blgh S|H^il Steel 187
Bigb SfHt'd Steel Drills and Keamerg 133
High SiH-eil t;ear fiuti-r Iti
Holding lA-ather on lr..n Pulle.vs 47
Uollow .Mill. An Adjustable 244
Home .Maile Keauilng Stand 24'i
Hume .Made Stillsoii Wrenoh 71
Bow to <'Ul a Curve un a Planer 162
Increased Vise l"aiillties ItHi
Inaerted Blade Tools 30y
(naerteil Cutter Taps and Dies 40
Interesting Pine of Korgiug Work 187
Jig for Pacing Twin Pumps 16
Jig for Drilling Irregular Holes 271
Jig for Uoldlug Castle Nuls for Slotting 17
Jig for L.H-ouiotlve Side Hod Brasses 219
Large Joh In Small Shop : IB
Lathe Centreing Device 247
Locomotive Jack 132
Machining a Dog Tooth Clutch 219
Machining Itudder Stem 4«
Making tias Knglne Valves 30-
Novel Coufiterbore 33!)
Oil Burner. A Simple 247
Pitch of I'ropeller Hi
Pipe Centre. A Simple 18ti
Pipe Die. How to Sharpen 17
Planer Kxteuslon 13-1
Planer. How to Cut a Curve on 1(12
Planer. Increasing Capailty of 182
Planer. Work that Is too Large for 133
Plate Handling Devlrc 132
Pnenniatlf Kec,l f..r Air Drills 270
Portalde Kiedrii- or Air Drills. D. C. Current 107
Port Drilling .Ilg for Pnenmatic Hammer 107
Power Hack Saw 301
I're«» for Air Brake C.vlinder Cup Leathers 24C
I'reventlng Taps from Breaking 303
Ball Clamp. An Improved 247
Batcbet Stud Driver 247
Beaming Stand. .\ Home-made 24G
ReliorIng Cylinder 128
Betarders for Boiler Tubes. Method of Twisting 340
Roughing out Irregular Shapes on a Lathe 245
Kope (Jr.Mjve (Jrindlng .\pparatus 105
Budder Stem, Maclilnlng a 46
BUHseli .\utomobilc Brake 44
Saving Sheet Metal 16
Sawing Sheet Iron or I'Ipe 44
Bbop Kink» 48
Simple Chuck 244
Simple Grinding Fixture 106
Simple Oil-Burner 247
Simple Pipe Centre 186
Spacing Circles 304
Stacking Motor Rotors 186
Stlllson Wrench. A IIome-Made 71
Supporting Countershaft 77
Taper Dowel Hole Rea nier 44
Tempering Small Shear Blades 18
Tire Heiiting Apparatus 341
Tire Lifting Grips 270
Toggle Joint Action 16
Tube Cutter 132
Tube Cutters. Two Useful 220
Taming Die Sections of Large Uadll 44
Twisting Retarders for Boiler Tubes 340
Wire Cutter, Hand 801
Working in the Dark 187
Work that Is too I>arge for the Pinner 183
Worm Gear Oiler 40
MIHCELLANBOrS.
Advance in Machine Tools 112
Air Brake. How First Died 186
American Factories in Canada 229
Annual Onting of Central Railway Club 188
Applying Sclenllflo Knowledge 128
Apprenticeship and the T'nem ployed 286
ATOld Being a Quitter 826
Boiling Points of Metals 272
Bolts. Slectlonal Area nnlformitjr 64
^Pottled Sunshine 279
Page.
Brake J aw Forging J^
Bronic Powders and Bronsing •*;"
Canadian Ore Prices J^
Canadian Sirocco Co., Ltd 338
Census of Canadian Manufacturers 24
Coke Output 351
Construrtloual Details, Notes on 259
Dam of Iniiiuc Design 10*'
Disc Grinding Secrets
312
Dixon's Steel Car Paint ^
Dovetail Roller 13
F.cononiy of Kfflclcnt Fire Protection 158
lOlcctrlc Locomotives 27, 137
lOloctric Motor, The Largest lo3
Kvidutiou of n Large Ingot 248
llxhaust Fan Record ^80
A Large ^
350
I'an.
Finances of Cauaila
I'irst Impression
Galvanizing. Inlluence on Strength of Wire ..
Gravity Carrier
(irowtli of Fngincering Societies
Iliinillloii Gear and .Machinery Co
lliglicst Transmission Voltage in the World
Holiicn. Morgan Co., Toronto
Hose Coupling, A .New
Hoi Sli
Inilustrlal Training in Ontario
Inclnslrys Toll of Death
Ingot. A Large
liilcrcsling Report on Cauadlan Trade
Internal Gear Drives
Iron anil Steel Bounties
.launey Iniversal Variable Transmission Device
.lapanese Railroads
Knots and Tackling
La rge Fan
Large Rope Sheave and Shaft Bearing
Lead Pencil Equals Two-mile Freight Haul
Locomotives, Electric 27,
I,ni(iniotivcs, New and Old
Locomotive. New Type of
' Ma.liincrv Display at the Canadian National Exhibition...
Mallet Locomotives on the C.P.R
Mcilii.nical Plating Barrel
.Metal Locker Installations
.Montreal Technical School
Motor Tiniks in Manufacturing Trades
New .Maililncry Hall
New Steel Plant
Notes of Constructional Details
OITcr of Prize
Present linsincss Conditious
Prevent Strikes in Great Britain, To
Itaiiroails. .l.ipancse
Uailless Sln-el Cars
Rails. Tariff on Re-rolled
Rapid Turning I'reparatory to Grinding
Repi>rt on Canadla'n Trade, An Interesting
Safer, Quicker and Cheaper Railroads
Sheellte
Shop Changes due to the Steel Car
Steel Prices and Wages
Steel Tubing
SI. Lawrence River Commission
Strain on Hoisting Rope due to Slack
Strilses in Great Britain. To Prevent
'r.nlfl' on Ue-rolled Ralls
TccliTilcal Education Committee
Tcotliless S.-iws for Cutting Steel
Trade* and Labor Council
Tungsten in Tool Steel, Effect of
United States Coal Production In 1910
nulled States Steel Pension Plan. New
Cnlversal TrnnsmlRslon
Warnings
Welfare Work •
Western Bridge and E(|Uipment
Wheel Cost a Small Item
Wheels Must l>e Trued
Wire Ganges Should lie Standardized
Wire Guards
Wire, Influence of Galvanizing on Strength of
Woman a Captain of Industry
Workers Too Old at Forty
Workmen's Compensation
POWF.B OENKRATION AND JIPPLICATION.
278
18
•250
3o4
19U
358
25i'
211
86
97
317
206
202
319
23
321
226
352
202
300
'243
187
868
287
2«1
272
325
103
188
llfi
64
202
250
366
342
268
226
243
34
163
202
310
66
168
822
866
358
163
268
34
229
248
297
356
364
76
337
290
269
168
130
100
64
100
18
361
366
229
Air Header
Belts and Belt Drives o*
Belt Pulleys
Double Helical Gearing
Electric Locomotive, G. P. & H ••
Gears and Gearing H-''
Gears, Spur
(Searing, Double Helical
Handling Ore Wilh Electric Magnets
New Steel Pulley
Oxy-Acetylene Cutting
Producing Iron by Electricity
Spur Gears
27
85
26
168
27
140
190
168
86
114
27
168
190
See pages...
SOriETIKS ANn PKRSONAL.
26. 43, 48, 61, 75, 76, 130, 169. 171, 188, 273
3>
Modern Machine Tool Practice for Maximum Production
By Gordon C. Keith
The Past few Years Have Seen Great Advances Made in Machine Tool Practice. The Whole
Line of Machine Tools IVerc Re-designed so that High-speed Steels Could be Used to Their
Full Capacity. It was then Necessary to Devise Equipment for Keeping the Machines in
Operation the Greatest Percentage of Working Hours. In Other Words, it wqs Necessary
to Cut Time Betzveen Cuts. This Paper, Read Before the Central Railway and Engineering
Club, Toronto, Dec. 20, 19 10, Shozvs the Development of Machine Tools, and Also the Devices
Designed in Order That Time Betzveen Cuts May be Reduced to a Minimum and that Maxi-
mum Production Max be Obtained.
Since the introduction o£ high speed
steels and motor drive, there has been
such a revolution in machine tool de-
sign that it is only now that the pre-
sent status o£ machine tool practice
may be definitely defined. A complete
redesign of machine tools has been
necessitated and all the changes made
and new methods adopted have had the
one object in view, viz. that of obtain-
ing maximum production.
The starting point in obtainingi maxi-
mum production has been the proper
care of tools. In a number of Cana-
dian shops it has been recognized, as it
has also been in United States shops,
that a central tool room with a man
in charge is a large factor in securing
maximum production. The shapes and
sizes of lathe tools, boring cutters,
chisels, the method of forging and
treating the tools should be standard-
ized as should also all shop equipment,
clamping bolts, wrenches, etc. Even in
the smaller shops, such as that of the
Toronto Street Railway and other rail-
road repair shops, it has been found
to pay to have one man grinding all
the tools and have charge of the tool
room. All carelessness with tools and
ignorance in the selection of tools for
certain work is eliminated by having
the tools prepared and selected in ad-
vance, and icept in good shape, thus
assisting in securing maximum produc-
tion.
Probably the best illustration of a
central tool room is that of the United
States Navy Department, located at
league Island, Philadelphia, Pa-, for
supplying the Atlantiie Coast Navy
yards. Standard chemical and physical
specifications for high speed steel have
been adopted. The plant has a capac-
ity of 800 tools per day, and consists
of a forge shop, treating department of
chemical and physical test, together
with the apparatus necessary for pro-
ducing standard tools of the highest
quality at minimum cost. Tools are
made in such quantities as to ensure
economical manufacture, and are car-
ried in stock.
The apparatus necessary and the me-
thods of using it as followed in the
forgiuf plant, are compiled on instruc-
tion charts, one of which is shown in
Fig. 1. This covers the forgtlng of
straight round-nose roughing tools,
right or left hand, giving the necessary
dimensions and graphic instructions for
using the applicances.
The enormous railway mileage in
Canada and the United States has re-
sulted in great advances being made in
railway shop equipment and a state-
ment of what is being accomplished with
modern machine tools and high speed
steels in the shops should prove of in-
terest. A few years ago six pairs of
car wheels per day was the maximum
production. iMachine tools have since
been brought to a constantly high
state of efiicicncy until the best lathes,
of five years ago, averaged about twelve
pairs per day. Within the past two
or three years this output has been
s.teadily increased by improvements in
design and methods of handling until at
the present time many railroads are
equipped with lathes turning out from
sixteen to twenty pairs of 36-inch stan-
dard make wheels in ten hours.
Record Production.
On May 11, 1910, a detailed record
was kept on tire turning on a Niles-
Bement-Pond wheel lathe at the West
Albany shops of the New York Central
& Hudson River Railroad. It will be
noted in Fig. 2, that thirty-three pairs
of 36-inch wheels v/ere turned in 9
hours and 53 minutes, being an average
of 17 minutes and 58 seconds per pair.
Wht^el lathes were gradually increased
in weight and power until it was finally
found that the wheels and axles them-
selves were the weak point in the turn-
ing operation. Recogni7:in? this fact
Small & McNaughton brought out
twenty years ago a design of a machine
to overcome this difficulty. This lathe
was at that time a radical departure
from ordinary design. The turning of
axles on centres was abandoned, the
entire axle journal being received in
the head by means of a split bush made
to fit the axle and having its exterior
turned taper. This eliminated the ob-
vious weakness and hence springing of
the centre and its projecting spindle.
It held the axle rigidly close up to the
wheel. The old form of wheel lathe
was driven from one end and the power
carried across the machine by a long
shaft. This put an inevitable amount
of torsion and lack of rigidity between
the point at which the power 'was ap-
plied and the wheel to be turned at the
other end of the axle, and it was found
to be oDie serious source of vibration
and chatter. So to overcome this diffi-
culty the Small & McNaughtoO' design
was driven by a large spinal gear in
the centre, having a gap through which
the axle could be rolled. The power
from the larg« central drive was fur-
nished to each wheel through face
plates. The outside spindles support-
ing the axle were also provided with
face plates and chucks, h^ice the wheels
were clamped rigidly between two
staunch face plates driven from one and
chucked by the other ; thus the wheels
were held with absolute rigidity and
became, in fact, one with the machine
itself.
On a modern wheel lathe no attention
is paid to the hard skin of the tire
caused by friction of the wheels and
brake shoes, for the simple reason that
the tool is put diirectly under this scale
and a heavy roughing out can be fed
across in eight or nine minutes. After
that, a finishing tool is used the full
width and shape of the tire and fed
directly in without any use of cross-
feed, a third tool the shape of the flange
finishing the operation. The increased
output of modem lathes,- comes from
their great weight and power and im-
proved facilities for handling and get-
ting the wheels in and out of the lathe,
and from the higher quality tool steel.
After the capacity of the wheel lathe
got up to twenty or more pairs of
wheels a day, the manual labor of
clamping and unclamping the cutting
tools became quite a serious matter for
the operator, and a number of devices
have been brought out to lighten and
quicken this operation. The limit of
human endurance comes into the pro-
blem and here clamping and unclamp-
iog, if it had to be done with a wrench
on say twenty pairs of wheels per day,
it would mean 350 to 400 manipulations
in ten hours.
<f
CANADIAN MACHINERY
One device that has been brought out
is in the form of a turret tool-holder
which has the roughing and finishing
tools set in it, the holder being rotated
to bring the various forms into action.
Another device is a pneumatic clamp
by which the operator simply opens a
compressed air valve and clamps his
tool by power. In this arrangement the
air cylinder is built in the body of tool
rest ; the piston carries a wedge which,
operating between two rollers, forces
up the long end of the clamping lever.
Thus the operator is relived from sev-
eral hundred strenuous muscular exer-
tions leaving him more efficirait to at-
tend to the actual turning operations.
Sellers' 42-in. Car- wheel Lathe.
The WiUiams Sellers Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa., have developed a 42-in. car-
wheel lathe, which illustrates what ma-
chine tool builders are accomplishing in
the way of production in the railroad
shop. It has been pointed out above,
that a few years ago ten pairs per day
was considered a good record. The
rate has been constantly increased until
an average of twenty minutes per pair
has been obtained. This exemplifies the
economies in railrod shop machine tool
practice that have recently been brought
about.
For the test of the Sellers lathe three
pairs of 36-inch steel-tired wheels, se-
lected at random from a large number
shipped to the machine builders' plant
by the Reading Railroad Co., were
turned in an average of about 20 min-
utes per pair, including setting ma-
chinery and taking out of lathe. The
actual time that the machine was in
operation averaged about 18 minutes
per pair, and 90 per cent, of the total
time required represents the period
that the machine was doing effective
work.
The cut and feed during the test was
1-inch each, taken at a speed of from
15 to 19 feet per minute. The time
taken from fioor to floor of a pair of
wheels, as well as the other details of
the test, are given in the following
table :
Anthony of the Reading shops of the
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
In these tests the final finish was re-
markably fine. There was not a trace
of chatter to be found, and the sur-
faces of the treads were free from those
flange. The tread and flange tool is
then forced in, taking a broad smooth
cut, and leaving the surface in excellent
condition, already noted. Then comes a
.similar tool for cutting the taper at
the outer edge of the taper and round
Instruction Chart
PRSB PRSC
PRBB PRBC
For Foisinff SUndard Str&iffht Round Nose Rouffhins Tools PRWB PRWG
Second Operation • FoT^ing the Nose
PreparitioD
1. PtaM T<iol« !■ Tvnte*.
1 Hm< iio-ij to rwfiBt B«t 1 iam°
& tUnallTaoUrMdj.
Beadiag, Drawlag down Hei
L l^ll BMMUnc DU oo AdtU.
S. P«, Tool In Dlo uU dH,* 4ovl ( S«« Skotchoo ••Oi E"}
' latum bMk rtam oai (Soo T«bU>
ct &Dd StraiEbleniQ
X Raoo.f TwI u4 Dm.
4. rutton SIdn M bonL ( Soo BkoMh •■7")
b I>ri* do'o Bool (&M Skeuboi ■f}kB"i
Lt- H of Shook Width
6. S'r»l|bUD BMiotD I &•■ Strtoh "J")
~. 9tnl(ht«r ProBi asd ipraw] Ndvf to ^Tldth -'B" m fit
Id tiM Tkbl*. < dm BkHcb -K ) Eap«t roi ^1 Tool*.
W^CK Om Tool 1* NBOTod fMt^PunuM rtpUo* ritb
XooU Kequirrd
First Operation - Cut to Length and Stamp
Frcpftrattcn
). PUra Harktof u>d Cwttlnf Utgt oa Bunmn'.
3. 8*1 Stop tu Icnflb ef Tool ai uimrked m AofU Inm.
3. FlkCa Ban In FuraaM (Sm Tiblt -L")
4. H(A aloalj to FMilsf ll(*t ( ImO'^ F.)
Cut-of! Bcd Stamp
I. WltAdnT Baf frov FurnaM.
io Cul-4ir pUct la Oh* i ^c» Skrtab "A" )
Stop ptaMd U point W| B*"'"^ /
& Put Bv tMk t« bf«t fat Mit Cut
4. SUvp ib( Ptecv cuwMT vlib Afisbol abd Lot Numbtr.
(«««8kcUbM-'F ACr)
Sh^lnC UmtiM of S.TOb-1 v^ E^ V I BawMT /
and 1^ o^MiPbf^. / Ti ■■ ■ 11 f
^
3
CUM fejmbol
lo.
Bopoot Ihf ftjTottolof ustU ol] plocM ■» Cut ic Loortk ood Stanpod.
£ooh tlac a Bm b V orkcd up. pUao o >«« Dor Is runact.
TocU Bcqai.-cd
Morklsi aod CuttlB( Oofa
Third Operation - Finishing to Gaee
PrepsratioD
1. Plo^ Tool lu Fiovmn.
!. Oool al0<l7 to r.r«iD{ B«ailieX°P.)
3. Saoo all Toot, fmiI;.
Trim and Offaet Nose to Oage
V) Holcbl Gofo
Moht Mark
a. t,1iB fooo to Sbipo f\nuh Cut. ( So, Skotek --Tl"}
;.. OffNt to lull LiD,lt Oasc (boo Bkctoboo "P t B") Koop
Gov of Tool (tialiht.
"i Kor Tool, I'tot 1" 1 1 V z;^-
I Shook bold th, T(«r, \Sy>^
ISboKk rl^ld uthlor T^i I'T*' T I
*51e»u) Huamo' ^VKldbl Hood Limit GHtl
[~*| "Sy I L.ft lio.d UiiJl Oot.'^
*" ^ ' I ^^Tutloii Cloomi^-o Aojlo
P I S t •tlh Cooo IHdO
t Tf«t Cleaioooo Aodt,, Sack and Side Slop, «Ub Con* and Undt
fhTca f Soo Skotcheo -R & fi") Rfpoat for aU TooU. Wboa Oho
Tool lo i*aio.-od f^nll Furpaoo Rplac* oltb uuititt.
Tools Rei)alred
Chlaol I Stralebf ) CbUoMBont)
I Rlobt Hand. PRUlt-PRBB-PRTB
Urolt t>o«* J L,„ a...rf PRSfrPRBC-PRWC
2tA;oD4 Oicc JO^Bolfkt Oofo
t-lodfo. PUttor, ToOfp.
Vig. 1 — Forging Instruction Chart used in Central Tool Department of t'.S. Navy Yards.
fine cracks extending down into the
metal that are so characteristic of sur-
faces from which metal has been re-
moved in heavy cuts at high speeds.
The reproductions of photographs of
the.se surfaces taken first after roughing
and then after the finishing cut, show
the effect very clearly.
No. 1.
Diam. wheel finished 34s in.
Diam. Wheel rough 35J in.
Min. Sec. Min.
Floor to chuck 1 5 2
Turning 17 8 IB
Machine to floor 1 2 1
Total time 19 47 18
Cutting speed ft. min 15 and 16
No. 2.
34 3-16 in.
34 15-16 in.
Engine
No. 3. truck whls.
34 U-16 in. 30| in.
Sec.
6
2
17
45
16
Min.
19
34i in.
Sec.
18
17
50
85
14
Min.
13
15
See.
2
55
4
15
19
Time to change from turning tender
to engine truck wheels, 6 min. 1 sec.
The operation of the machine during
these tests was in the hands of William
The method of procedure is the usual
one. The wheels are set in position
and the roughing tool made to take a
cut across the tread and top of the
the corner of the rim. This done, the
wheels are finished.
The car wheel is driven by a motor
set down on the extension of the bed.
The lathe is an example of the applica-
tion of individual motor drive to ma-
chine tools. Exhaustive tests have been
made so that the machine tool builder
has now no difficulty in selecting the
proper power of motor for machirning
various materials for various combina-
tions of speeds, feeds and depth of cut.
Individual motor drive has been adopted
in a large number of railway shops,
machines of smaller capacities' being ar-
ranged in groups and driven from a
line shaft by one motor.
Sellers' Driving Wheel Lathe.
The high power wheel turning lathe
for locomotive driving wheels shown in
Fig. 9 is a result of the makers of ma-
chine tools trying to raise their capac-
ities up to the cutting possibilities of
high-speed steel. The lathe shown has
a swiing of 90 inches. It is estimated
that when the tool is cutting f in. deep
with i-in. feed the pressure at the point
is about 55,000 lbs. Such a cut is
readily made at a speed of 16 feet per
minute, which requires 880,000 ft. lbs.
per minute or nearly 37 h.p. at the
point of the tool. To do this and avoiid
chattering the machine has been rigidly
constructed. The device is obtained by
means of dogs fastened at the rim or
tire. The dog has a gripping shoo "A"
shown in Fig. 11, and the pointed arm
has a set screw "13". The arm swings
up between the spokes of the wheel and
the two grips coine in line with the
two faces of the tire. The set screw
"B" is then turned in with a heavy
wrench until its point has penetrated
the metal and the shoe "A" has a firm
grip. This shoe "A" is. held in line and
in place by tte ...sides of the holding
bracket, but the set screw "B" has a
slight swinging motion. When the lathe
is started, the shoe "A" drives the
wheel through the tire, but if there be
any slip the set screw "B" hangs back
with the tire and in so doing gets out
of alignment with "A". The slotted
hole in the dog makes this possible,
and as this lessens the distance between
''A"' and "B" the former is drawn into
the metal of the tire, tightening the
grip. When this grip exceeds the thrust
Canadian machinery
of the tool, the tire will turn and the
cutting proceed.
In testing the lathes, the cutting was
limited to a speed of 13 ft. per minute,
with a cut and feed of i-in., but it can
be speeded to 25 ft. perminute and re-
move the same amount of metal, but
a'
in which the lathe was set complete
for turning wheels of 78 inches diame-
ter with Hi in. tiros in 12 minutes, in-
cluding the placing of the wheels in
position for work. They were then fin-
ished complete in 19 minutes and placed
on the floor in four minutes more. The
Fig. 3— William Sellers & Co. 421n. Car Wheel Lathe.
the high speed steels will not stand the
strain and heat. With a f in. cut and
4-in. feed the tool and the metal it is
cutting, are at a red heat at the point
of contact.
A demonstration was recently made
total time from floor to floor, including
the setting of the lathes, was 35 min-
utes. This work was the same as the
turning off of a new set of tires and the
cut was but 4-in. deep.
In another test, a pair of 67 inch
DATA OF TEST OF NILES-BEMENT-POND CAR- WHEEL IxATHE.
Pond 42-inch motor-driven car-wheel lathe
At West Albany Car Shops, N.Y.C. & H.R. R.R. 36-inch Krupp and Paige wheels,
May 11, 1910.
Continuous Run from 7 a.m. until 5.53 p.m., one hour for nooning.
Pair No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Average.
Putting in lathe 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 22 min., 28 sec
Roughing 11 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 11 10 10 9 min., 23 sec.
Finishing 5 6 4 3 5 4 6 4 7 5 5 5 min., 7 sec.
Taking out 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 min., 0 sec.
Time from floor to floor.. 20 17 16 16 17 16 18 17 21 19 18 17 min 58 sec
Depth of cut i i 3-16 i 3-16 i i 3-16 3-16 i .3-16 3-16 inch.
Feed 13-32 13-3313-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 inch
Speed 16 16 17 15 14 12 13 18 12 14 15 14.4 feet.
Pair No 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Average
Putting in lathe 2 4 2 2 2 4 3 2 2 3 3 2 min., 28 sec.
Roughing 9 11 12 8 9 8 10 8 9 « 11 9 min.. 23 sec.
Finishing 5 5 8 4 5 4 6 7 5 r, 6 5 min., 7 sec
Taking out ..A- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 min., 0 sec
Time from floor to floor. . 17 21 23 15 17 17 20 18 17 18 21 17 min., 58 see
Depth of cut 4 3-16 J J 3-16 3-16 4 i I 3-16 3-16 3-16 inch
F«ed 13-32 13-32 5-16 13-32 13-32 13-32 3-32 13-32 13-32 3-32 3-32 13-32 inch
Speed 15 13 10 14 12 15 11 12 10 14 12 14.4 feet.
Pair No 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Average.
Putting in lathe 2 3 2 2 3 3 3 33 11 2 min., 28 "see
Roughing 9 11 9 10 7 10 9 10 10 7 10 9 min., 23 sec.
Finishing 5 6 5 6 5 6 .5 4 3 5 5 5 min., 7 sec.
Taking out 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 min., 0 sec.
Time from floor to floor. . 17 21 17 19 16 20 18 18 17 14 17 17 min., 58 sec
Depth of cut J 3-16 J 4 3-16 } 3-16 3-16 4 3-16 } 3-16 inch.
Feed 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-32 13-.32 13-32 inch.
Speed 14 13 11 14 20 15 17 17 16 21 18 14.4 feet.
Average time for turning, 17 min., 58 sec. Total time for 33 pairs. 9 hours, 53 min.
' " yijj, ?— Tabfs 3)iow1d|; Test of NUeg-Bement-lPopd Wheel Latbe.
TKs
CANADIAN MACHINERY
wheels with H 'n. tires, were chucked
in 7 min., turning compleite in 38 min.,
and put on the tloor in 3 minutes more,
or a total oi 38 min. from floor to
floor. In this ease the cut was f-in.
deep.
A third test was made with 67 in.
wheels and 6J in. tiros. They were
and econmically worn or turned piston
rods, valve yoke stems, axles and other
parts. A crane may be attached for
handling axles, piston rods and other
heavy work.
Drills for Maximum Production.
At the convention of the American
Railway Master Mechanics' and Master
vating screw as well, which it is claim-
ed prevents the slightest spring. A
very quick adjustment is obtained with
this table. A large chip pan is provid-
at each end, as well as an oiil groove
running lengthwise at each side, ar-
ranged so that all the lubricant run-
ning into the chip pan at the farther
Klg. 4— Worn Whefl taken from Ser- I'iS- .V First Oijoratlon Completed, Ki'S- 0~Next Toul Ijiis Kouglily Fig.
vice. Mounted in I'liuck. Deptli of Cut Averaged %-in. Formed Flange and Taken oft
Large Corners.
—Condition of Wheel at end
of cut of Third Tool.
chucked in 9 min. and finished in 43
min , the breaking of a tool having de-
layed the work four minutes. The work
was done at a cutting speed of from
13 to 15 ft. per min. When a tool steel
is produced that can stand the stress
and heat of a higher speed no doubt
there will be a greater output than
modem machine tool practice will
allow.
Landis Orinder.
Pig. 15 illustrates work done on the
Landis Universal Grinder, which is
built for use in the railroad tool room
or repair shops. This grinder grinds
reamers, gauges, dies and boring bars,
does straight or taper, external or in-
ternal grinding and handles a large var-
Car Builders' Associations at Atlantic
City last June, The Colburn Machine
Tool Co., Franklin, Pa., exhibited a
heavy duty drill that was of unusual
interest, not only because of its con-
struotural features, but also by reason
of the results in the way of rapid drill-
ing which it makes possible. An im-
provement which tends te dnorease the
usefulness of the tool is the new com-
pound table.
As will be noticed from Fig. 15 this,
table is very different from the oMinary
type and is a valuable adjunct to the
machine. The table has a working sur-
face of 16x30 in. and is provided with
a rapid movement of 20 in. longitudin-
ally and 8 in. transversely through
"^rv- I . _
end is drained back through a cored
opening in the table to the pan nearer
the supply tank.
The machine is built on the unit sys-
tem, that is, the speed changing me-
chanism is in one separate box, the
feed change gears are enclosed in an-
other separate case, and the head is
a third unit entirely independent of the
other parts.
In a series of tests made using Celfor
high speed twist drills, cutting speeds
us high as 200 ft. per min. in cast iron
were obtained, although 125 to 150 ft.
per min. were used in most cases,
which was undoubtedly due to the fact
that the nature of the work was the
limiting factor rather than the drill or
the machine itself.
Wheel Lathe.
Fig. 16 shows a modern 90 inch wheel
lathe built by the Tjondon Machinp Tool
KIg. 8— Wheel Ready for Servld-.
Fig. 10 Wheel in I'osition.
Fig. U-Urlvlng Dog.
Fig. 12— Taking a Koughing Cut.
iety of grinding on small parts such as
knuckle pins and cross head pins, link
blocks and plates, parts of air valves,
etc., with speed and accuracy. The Gap
grinder is al^-o a railroad tool, a gap
along the bed adapting it to a variety
worms and racks. The operator stand-
ing directly in front of the table can
manipulate it forward or back or long-
itudinally without moving from his
position. Springing is eliminated, and
the table is supported by a heavy
of work and permits grinding accurately bracket or knee underneath and an ele-
Co., Hamilton, and installed in the G.
T. R. shops at Stratford.
The face plates are very heavy and
mas.sive, 91 inch diameter, and have
bolted to them an internal gear of wide
face and coarse pitch.
The construction of the drive is such
that the long bottom shaft is relieved
to a considerable extent of the heavy
torsion which invariably causes chatter
on this class of machinery.
Clutches and change gears are provid-
ed, g'iving a wide range of speeds for
all wheels from 34 inch to 84 inch on
the tread.
CANADIAN Machinery
The feed mechanism is of iho link
type, designed so as to give 8 impulses
of feed per revolution of the face plate.
The bottom rests are mov«d i-.long
the bed by means of rack .md pinion,
and have extension to allow the cross
rest to move in sufficiently close for
small wheels.
i'
The traveling head is the striking
feature of this ma hinc, and its great
value is very apparent, especially on
massive jobs where the work cannot be
readily moved. This construction also
makes it possible to do work requiring
a great reach. This construction at
first band is criticised on account of
the spring of head under heavy work. In
actual practice this spn.ng is found to
be very small, owing to the fact thai
Pitr. 9— Front Vlewof Selli'is' Wheel Liillie,
7l a<MtaK^»
I'^ij;-
I) ill. WiitM'l I.iitlit'. LiHidoti Machine Tim)! i'd.. Hamilton.
<}
HP
Fig. 14 — Work i'Miilslied on a Grinder.
The rests are exceptionally aassive,
having power feed across the tiead,
varying from 4-25-in. per revolution to
12-25 in. per revolution.
Fig. 10— Colliuru HigU-duty Drill.
The left hand head is driven in and
out by means of reversing puUcvs act-
ing through gears into a screw placed
under the centre of gravity of liead.
The drivers on this machine cons-ist
of four sets of adjusting steel blocks,
having serrated edge gouging into the
outside of tire. Powerful bolts are pro-
vided for slipping through the arm of
the wheel, and drawing the whe'jl back
against the face plate. This niatcjs the
wheel practically one with a heavy face
plate, giving great rigidity. On a ma-
chne w'th this drive cuts 1 inch decji,
and 7-16 inch feed have been taken.
Traveling Head Slotters.
In the design of the traveling head
slotter, Fig. 17, the London Machine
Tool Co. have taken of the experience
of many of the largest users of slotters
in the country, particularly in railroad
shops where the heaviest service is re-
quired. Weak spots have been elimin-
ated, many conveniences have been
added, simplifications made in construc-
tion, and an excellent machine produc-
ed.
the upward thrust is taken by two mas-
sive long bolts running clear through
and anchored in base, and also the col-
umn is made very deep and heavy and
the head being well scraped thereto
makes spring practically negligible.
The quick power adjustment to head
and table can be throvn in and out,
me I
I''l(f- i;t"-Tools for TurnlUK Tires on a Sellers
Wlieel Lutlie.
while the head is running or standing,
as desired. The quick power feature on
certain classes of work means an in-
crease of 200 p.e. in output. By this
feature, as a general ■ proposition, this
machine will do 50 p.o. more work than
was formerly possible. The quick re-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
lis,', li — Tiiivolliig Hi'iMl Slotter.
I-'ig. 18— 42-in. Coacli Wheel Latbe.
ijf. 1:1 li.piilile Axle I.Mllif. I.uihIiiii .Miiiliine Tool Co., Ilainiltoii.
Fig. 20 — Double Front Geared High-speed Engine l_.;uhi'. .loliii
Bertram & Sons Co., Dnndas.
Fig. -Jl I'.crtrani 2-s|ilnillc Drilling Machine.
Fig. 1!-.' Hertnnn 4-bead Ijocomotivc Frame Drilling Machine.
turn is of special construction K'^'ng Tool Co., Hamilton, for turning out rail- The centre, head supporting the two
remarkably even tutting strokes with way coach wheels at a maximum rate. internal gears, has a wide bearing on
very fa.st return. _ An indicator is at- The driving mechanism consists of the base, and is secured to base by
tached showing amount of strokes. two face plates, 56-in. diameter, and heavy bolts and dowels, making an ex-
The 42" coach wheel lathe shown in Fig. having open cut in samp on one side, ceptnonally rigid construction. The
18 is desired b^ the LondOD Machine to admit of axle, method gf t^iog insert is very simple,
CANADIAN MACHINERY
there being merely two screws to
loosen up, and the section driven out.
On account of the shape of the gear
ring it makes an exceptionally rig-id
construction, by which there is no vi-
bration.
To the face plates are secured drivers
of the latest approved form, giving
ample driving capac'ty to the machine.
The tailstocks have spindles of largo
diameter, to which are secured very
powerful self-centering chucks for grip-
ping the wheels.
The heads are' adjustable in and out
for a distance of 12 inches, and are
opened by means of screws operated by
motors on each end. These motors do
not require to be over 2 h.p. capacity
each.
The cross slides and rest are extreme-
ly massive, and are provided with
means for quickly releasing tool and se-
ig. 23 — Blotter Arranged for .Mil
^ L.:A.>
curing it in position, li" x 3" tool
steel should be used.
The feeds are 4 in number, and vary
from 3-25ths to 12-25ths of an inch per
revolution, which is ample for the work
rwiuired.
The advantage of this machine is that
the power is transmitted entirely
through the gear, and bearing has only
a steadying action— it has no trans-
mitting function.
The heads are moved backwards and
forwards by power which relieves the
attendant of much incidental trouble.
The tool post is of a very powerful
type, and is operated by large screw of
coarse pitch and having differential
threads and requiring a minimum of
energy and friction.
Double Axle Lathe.
The double axle lathe shown on Fig.
19 is a very heavy and powerful ma-
Fiij. 24---M:ichiniiii; Links on a I^hiner,
Fig. 25-Horlzonta! Milling Machine
Fig. 26— Driving Wheel Lathe.
Fig. 28— Cylinder Boring Machine.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
•ip. !■!>- Hertriim CJtiartering Marhiiie.
FiK- 30--NeNvton Horizontal Miller.
chine, designed for the rapid turning of
car and locomotive axles.
The carriages are of the double type,
haviiij^ steel gearing and automatic
throwout.
There are three changes of feed in-
stantly obtained without stopping the
machine. These feeds can be varied
within wide range if desired.
The centre driving head has an open-
ing of 13 inch diameter, and is driven
by powerful gears of wide face and
coarse pitch, and is provided with
eriualizing drivers.
For motor drive, a variable speed
motor having a speed variation of 3 to
1, of from 15 to 30 h.p., depending on
the class and quantity of work requir-
ed, is used. If belt driven this machine
is driven by a 6-inch belt, having 3
step cone of large diameter, cone be-
ing 24 inches.
Bertram Tools.
Fig. 20 shows a 30 inch double back
geared high speed engine lathe, built by
dent rod and screw feeds, power cross-
feed, compound rest, plain tool block,
quick change screw cutting gear from
steel and two steady rests. It is driven
i^
I f*ir-t
*- fc;-:-:-H - i '*ir-t--'--| , >4 g '
PISTON TRAVEL '
\J:^-:hm/xli}
Fig. 27
-Peterson Pneumatic Toolholder on
Bertram Car Wheel Lathe.
by a 10 h.p. motor and has a speed of
400 to 600 r.p.m.
The back gears are on the front of
the lathe and are really front gears. It
J*.^«s' ^■.-•-. -^^^^
smooth cut. This feature is typical of
modern practice.
The two spindle drilling machines
shown in Fig. 21 has spindles 3 inch in
diameter, with 18^ in. traverse and
three changes of speed. The heads are
adjustable along the rail by hand or bv
power. The saddles are adjustable in
and out 24 inches. The table is pro-
vided with a trough for collecting drill
fluid which drains to pump for circulat-
ing. The range of spindle speeds is
from 20 to 180 r.p.m. Heads and pump
are motor driven.
Fig. 22 shows a modern four-head
Bertram drilling machine such as used
in the modern locomotive shop for drill-
ing locomotive frames. Three heads
are used for vertical drilling and
one swivels for angular drilling.
Power is transmitted to the head
by driving shaft the entire length,
which in turn is operated by a belted
20 h.p. constant speed motor driven
countershaft at the end of the machine.
Spindle ends are fitted for No. 5 Morse
taper sockets.
Modern Method of Machining Links.
Two plans are adopted for machining
reversing links. The Bertram, slotter is
I it,'.
N*-\\t»>ii Koil Iturinp .M.-wliinp.
Fitr.
Spiral Inserteil Toolli Culit-i.
John Bertram & Sons Co., Dundus, for
use in locomotive work. It admits 15
feet between centres. The swing is 32
inches over shears, and 20^ in. over the
earria^^ It is equipped with indepen-
is therefore no longer necessary with
such a lathe for a mechanic to turn
the tool upside down on the back of the
lathe to make a good cut. The front
g:ears act directly on work giving
shown in Fig. 23 and a planer attach-
ment for giving the links the correct
curve is shown in Fig. 24. The slotting
attachment is used on a 12-inch heavy
slotting machine. The table is 30 inch
in diameter with 30 in. longitudinal
and 24 inch transverse speeds.
When used for slotting links the worm
gear is unhitched and the tabla rotates.
The device shown for planing links
makes a perfect link. The construction
of the jig will be readily seen from the
illustration.
Fig. 25 shows a modern horizontal
milling machine for milling the channels
and plates on side rods. In the machine
shown the distance between housings is
4(Ki in. The maximum distance from
centre of spindle to table, 52 ins. Capac-
ity to mill 14 ft. long. The. spindle is
5i ins. in diameter and has four
changes of speed, fitted with taper
socket 3i ins. in diameter at its large
end.
Bertram Driving Wheel Lathe.
Pig. 26 shows a 100 in. new model
Bertram driving wheel lathe with a
capacity for 86 inch wheels. The swing
over the bed is 102 inches. Maximum
distance between centres is 9 ft. Swing
over the carriage is 96 inches. On the
pedestals are mounted two compound
rests with tool blocks fitted with a
patent single screw tool holder. The
feed mechanism gives four changes of
feed to one revolution of drive. Driving
pinions are steel cut from the solid.
The face plates are provided with
pockets, to receive crank pins and each
is equipped with four Teas' Patent
Sure-grip Drivers.
Tailstock or movable head nrovided
with quick power traverse by 7^ h.p.
motor. Carriages are of box construc-
tion and extend the full width of the
bed so that pedestals carrying tool
blocks will have sufficient travel for
boring wheel centres. When turning full
diameters the rear portion of th« saddle
is detached which will permit wheels
being taken out of the machine without
changing the position of the carriage,
it being only necessary to remove the
tailstock to the rear sufficient to with-
draw the crank pins from the faceplate.
It is motor di'iven by a 50 h.p. D.C.
variable speed motor 500-100 r.p.m.
with a 7i h.p. A.C. constant speed
motor for traversing the head.
The C.P.R. have successfully applied
a pneumatic tool, designed by W. Pet-
erson, of the C.P.R. , Montreal, to Ber-
tram lathes for turning car and truck
wheels. In tuimng wheel tires it is
necessary to change the tools three
times for each tire and two men were
required to operate the tools. With the
tool shown, one man can operate them,
the necessary champing and -^.^tting bcine-
accomplished almost simultaneously.
A two spindle Bertram cylinder bor-
ing machine is shown in Fig. 28. It has
a bed 19 ft. 7 inch long, 48 inches wide
and 10 inches deep on which is an ad-
justable table 57 inches long, 53 inches
wide, having power traverse along the
CANADIAN MACHINERY
bed. When in working position it sup-
ports the outer end of boring bars, and
when removed to the end of the bed the
cylinder is free of the bars and may be
lifted without taking the bars off the
machine. The large bar is 12 inches in
diameter having horizontal adjustment
from 15 inches to 32 inches, and
is 24 inches from centre of bar to top
of table. The small bar is 5 inches in
diameter, with horizontal adjustment of
Hi inches, also a vertical adjustment
from 9 to 31 inches. Diameter of head
on 12 inch bar is 21 inches ; diameter
of head on 5 inch bar is 11 J inches.
Each bar . has three changes of feed.
Machine has four facing heads, two tor
each bar, smallest to face 20 inches in
diameter and the largest 44 inches in
diameter. It is motor driven by 15 h.p.
D.C. 2 to 1 variable speed motor.
Fig. 29 is a 100 inch locomotive driv-
ing wheel quartering machine. It has a
capacity for wheels up to 90 inches in
diameter on the tread, with from . 10
to 20 inch stroke. The heads have
long bearing on a substantial bed and
are adjustable for axles of different
lengths. These machines are built for
either right or both right and left hand
lead. Spindles are of large diameter
and have 15 inch traverse. The saddles
carrying same are graduated for easy
adjustment to the desired stroke.
Spindles have three changes of power
feed and rapid hand movement. Axles
are held on centres and on adjustable
"V" bearings supporting by frames to
which the wheels are securly clamped.
The boring spindles are provided with
outboard support and also with device
for truing up crank pins. Each head is
arranged with motor drive l^y a 5
h.p. constant speed motor.
Newton Machines.
The horizontal milling machine shown
in Fig. 30 was built by The Newton
Machine Tool Co., Philadelphia, for the
G.T.R. shops, Point St. Charles, and is
adapted to the milling of locomotive
rods.
Installations of these millers at the
Pittsburg works of the American Loco-
motive Co. show that they are slabbing
rods on cuts from 14 to 18 inches wide,
f to i-inch deep, at a table feed ad-
vance of 8 inches per minute, and chan-
neling two rods at one time, each chan-
nel being 3 J inches wide and If inches
deep in one operation, at the rate of
2J inches to ^i inches per minute. These
results have been accomplished by means
of the Tabor helical s'piral inserted
tooth high speed milling cutter, as
shown by Fig. 31. The average removal
of metal is equivalent to one cubic inch
per minute of horse power.
Fig. 32 illustrates a Hew design of
rod boring machine, with the additional
adjustable support for the end of the
spindles ; when supported in this man-
41
ner a cup cutter is used to trepan the
rods. This \iew was taken in the Jun-
iata shops of the Pennsylvania Rail-
road, and results show that 10^ inch
diameter bores are made in rods 5-inch
thick, in twenty (20) minutes, for which
only a reaming cutter is necessary to
iini.sh. This method eliminates the
necessity of drilling a pilot hole. Both
holes arc finished at the same timd.
Cat Time Between OatB.
In a recent address on shop efficiency
given by E. P. Bullard, president of the
Bullard Machine Tool Co., Bridgeport,
Conn., he summed up the problem of
reducing shop costs in the following
terse sentence. "To cut shop costs, cut
the time between cuts."
As an example of the ineSicienoy re-
sulting from not cutting time between
outs, he pointed out that in a prominent
shop, after a difficult iiiece of work had
been finished on a boring mill, it was
necessary to wait from 10 a.m. to 3
p.m. before a new forging was avail-
able, the machine in the meantime lying
idle. He also pointed out that a great
deal of time is wasted in boring mill
operations in adjusting the machine to
the exact size required by the work and
stated that a considerable time can be
saved on machines equipped with mic-
rometer dials which permit instant and
accurate adjustment.
W. R. Towne, president of the Yale &
Towne Co., Stamford, Conn., states
that by the use of soicntiSc methods and
automatic machinery, his company,
within the past six years, had achieved
increased output, decreased labor cost
and increased wages to employes.
In speaking with a superintendent of
a large Hamilton plant recently he
stated "Deliver tools to the men. Keep
men busy. More time is lost in men
looking for work than in actual pro-
duction." In the G.T.R. shops, Strat-
ford, this has been recognized, and in
order that men may be kept busy,
chasers have been appointed to keep the
men supplied wiith the work. At first
the men looked on the innovation with
disfavor, but now they keep the chaser
busy with requests for more work.
With the development in machine
tools and improved methods between
operations, greater shop production is
made possible. The foregoing by no
means exhausts modem practice, but it
points out a number of main featuies
and describes a number of interesting
tools now found in the machine shop.
Various attachments and special ma-
chines have also been devised. Perfec-
tion is a hard thing to obtain, but man-
ufacturers of machine tools, master
mechanics, shop foremen and managers
are on the right track, and with the
progress that is being made it may not
be very long before still greater out-
puts will be possible.
Experiments on Water Discharge from Short Nozzles
By James Bart, B.Sc, and George Fax *
The Results of a Series of Tests Conducted at the Canada Foundry Co., Toronto, by George
Fax, Have Been Taken up by James Barr, and Some Very Instructive Inferences Drawn
Therefrom. While the Treatment of the Subject is Largely Mathematical, the Forceful
Manner in Which it is Placed Before the Reader Si7nplifies any Difficulties That Might
Otherwise Arise. The Mathematical Deductions Involved are Such as Arise in the Routine
of Every Engineer who Attempts to Understand his Indicator Cards. In Addition, it Might
be Said That the Advent of Water Wheels in Such Large Numbers Makes This Article Doubly
Interesting as Adding to the Fund of Useful Hydraulic Information.
T F we have two variable quantities
*■ (x and y) connected by an equation of
the form y=Axn, where A and n are
numerical constants, we shall obtain a
straight line if we plot a graph show-
ing the logarithms of x and y; and from
the position and slope of this line we
can readily find the values of A and n.
This device is often of great practical
service, not only in obtaining the values
of A and n, but also in showing graph-
ically the true relation between the vary-
ing quantities x and y, since the straight
line can often he easily and accurately
drawn.
For example, it is generally supposed
that if D be the discharge from an
orifice, and H the head or pressure at
the orifice D=A Hn where A and n have
approximately constant values.
Dednctions.
The accompanying table and diagram
indicate the method of plotting the re-
sults and deducing the equations.
Let D be the discharge in Imperial
gallons per minute and H the head or
pressure at the nozzle in pds. per sq.
inch. We see from the table that the
Talues of D range from 37 to 364, and
therefore log D varies from log 37
(=1.568) to log 364 (=2.561). The
ralnes of H range from 30 to 200, and
therefore log H varies from log 30
(=1.477) to log 206 (=2.300).
We accordingly lay oflf a horizontal
scale ranging from 1.5 to 2.6 and a ver-
tical scale ranging from 1.4 to 2.3. We
can now readily construct logarithmic
scales of D and H. The log of lOK) is
2, 80 the value 100 (of D or H) will
appear opposite the point 2 in our
scales. Similarly log 140=2.146 and the
value 140 will, therefore, appear at the
point 2.146 on our scales. In this way
we find as many points as we deem
sufficient to complete the scales. The ex-
perimental results are now plotted in the
usual fashion. For instance, at a pres-
sure of 100 lbs. per sq. inch, the f in.
nozzle was found to discharge 121 gal-
lons per minute. Through the point 100
on the H scale we draw a horizontal line
to meet a vertical line through the point
•Desl^en with tbe Jobn Inglls Co. To-
ronto.
121 on the D scale, and the point of
intersection P, is a point on the curve
for the I in. nozzle.
When all the points are plotted the
nearest straight lines are drawn through
them. The equation to each of the
straight lines is deduced in the follow-
ing way:
If D=A Hn
log D=log A-fn log H.
Log A is a constant quantity and n is,
in the diagram, the tangent of the
angle which the line makes with the ver-
tical axis. Considering point P
PQ 7.8 1
n= = ^— ;
QR 15.6 2
log D=2.083; and H=2; therefore we
liafve from the equation,
log D=log A-f-n log H ;
3.0S3=log A-|-y2X2; or
log A=1.083; therefore
A=12.1.
Therefore, D=12.1 Hy^ is, very ap-
proximately, the equation to the line.
In the equations given in the dia-
gram, D is the discharge in Imperial
gallons per minute, and H is the head
at the orifice in pds. per sq. inch. The
diagram also shows a scale of discharge
in 17. S. gallons per minute, and a scale
of heads in feet of water. These are
easily constructed as follows:
Taking N. Imp. gall.=(1.2N) U.S.
gal.=M. U. S. gal, we have log M=Iog
1.2-l-log N.=0.079+log N.
Therefore, if, on our logarithmic scale
of Imp. gallons we add to any value N
a distance equal to 0.079 on our scale
of logarithmic we shall arrive at the cor-
responding value M of U. S. gallons.
For example, if N be 100 in Imp. gal.,
we see this number is at 2.0 on our orig-
inal scale of logarithms, and opposite
the reading 2.079 on the scale we find 120.
which is the corresponding value M in U.
S. gals. In other words, the U. S. gal.
scale is obtained by moving the Imp.
gal. scale forward through a distance
0.079 on our scale of logarithms. This
ipparato* Uied In Test
For any value of H, within the limits
of the line, we can find D from this
equation,
If H=166;
D=12.1 V166=12.1X12.ft=156,
which is the value given by the graph.
has been done on the diagram by mov-
ing the scale this distance to the left,
and placing it at the top of the diagram,
to avoid confusion. It will be seen that
120 on the U. S. scale is vertically »bove
100 on the Imperial scale.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
hv
^
Similarly, if we take 1 lb. per sq. inch
to be equivalent to a head of 2.31 feet
of water, the 'feet' scale is obtained by
lowering the lbs. per sq. inch scale
through a dislance=log 2.31 (i.e. 0.367)
on the scale of logarithms.
Apparatus ajad Experiment.
The arrangement of the apparatus
and the type of nozzle are shown in
drawing. The nozzles were arranged in
order of size in a row upon a 10 in.
diam. horizontal pipe; the largest nozzle
was towards the supply end, and an air
vessel was provided at the closed end.
Each nozzle was isolated by a gate valve
with a clear bore of area not less than
five times that of the nozzle, and the
length of the parrallel bore at the outlet
of each nozzle was at least equal to the
diameter of the nozzle.
The water was delivered to the 10
in. main by means of a plunger pump,
and was measured by counting the re-
volutions of the pump; a correction be-
ing made for slip at each pressure. The
^
slip was measured by shutting down the
discharge valve and driving the pump
to keep the required pressure constant.
For example, if the pump was driven at
50 r.p.m. to maintain a pressure of 100
pds. per sq. incli during an experiment,
and if, when the discharge valve was
closed the pump had to make one r.p.m.
to keep the pressure at 100 pds. per
sq. inch, then the slip was taken as 1 in
50 or 2 per cent. Precautions were taken
to have fairly steady conditions before
taking any readings.
Conclnsions.
All tlu> nozzles were 'ringed,' i.e.,
they had an inside shoulder as shown in
drawing, except the i inch nozzle which
was made from the J inch pattern by
boring away the ring, and which was
therefore a smooth nozzle. This prob-
ably accounts for the fact of the dis-
charge being relatively greater in the
case of this nozzle, as the regtriction of
the flow would be less than in the others.
The diagram shows this greater di.s-
charge very clearly by the altered slope
of the curve.
That all the points should He so nearly
upon straight lines, and that these lines
should be parallel for similar nozzles,
would indicate that the method of meas-
uring the discharge, adopted in making
the experiments, was a reliable one.
It is at once evident from the diagram
that each curve consists of two distinct
portions, indicating two laws of resist-
ance to the flow of the water. Up to the
bend in the curve the resistance fol-
lows a definite law, but at the bend
a velocity is reached at which the
resistance becomes less, and it continues
to be le.ss, according to a new definite
law, throughout the higher velocities.
It is supposed that this change in the
law of resistance was due to the prox-
imity of the gate valve to the orifice.
The gate valve was equivalent to a sud-
den enlargement in the area of the pipe
section and this would cause additional
eddies and increase the resistance to the
e in
t/S. Go/fohs ^xrrMinak.
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CANADIAN MACHINERY
flow at the lower velocities. It is how-
ever conceivable that a certain velocity
would be reached at which the water
would shoot past the valve so quickly
that it would not be sensibly affected by
the enlargfement ; the latter would cease
to produce a noticeable increase in the
resistance, and this would obtain for all
higher velocities.
It is therefore concluded that the re-
sults given in the table and diagram
admit of practical application only
under circumstances where the condi-
tions of esj>eriment are approximately
obtained with regard to the position of
the nozzle with reference to the gate
valve.
The object of the above experiments
was the calibration of an apparatus for
the testing of centrifugal pumps.
nisihurge from short uozzles, In Imperial and U.S. gallons, per minute.
Pressure at nozle — lbs.
8l7.e of nozzle
Mi-ln. ...
do ...
%-ln. ...
do ...
%-lu. ...
do ...
1-in ... .
do ...
IMi-ln ...
do ...
30
... 44
. .. 37
... 50
... 42
... lOO
... 83
. .. 175
. . . 14t!
.. 195
...163
Size of nozzle.
%-lu
do . . . .
%-in .... .
do
%-ln ... .
do ... .
1-in
do . . . .
l>^-in ... .
do . . . .
72
60
95
79
160
133
290
242
338
40
49
41
56
47
110
91
195
16-'
207
172
76
63
100
83
166
138
305
265
351
293
60
61
43
62
52
115
96
202
168
220
184
60
54
45
66
55
121
101 ,
215
170
242
201
70
67
47
71
59
127
106
222
185
258
215
80
50
49
76
63
135
112
236
196
282
235
90
64
53
80
67
139
116
256
214
293
245
100
68
56
84
70
145
121
270
225
308
256
Pressure at nozzle — ^Ibs.
120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
66
105
87
173
144
315
264
364
304
82
68
no
92
178
148
325
272
377
315
84
70
114
95
184
153
335
280
391
87
72
118
98
189
158
347
290
401
326 334
74
120
100
194
162
355
296
411
343
ai
76
123
102
199
IfiB
363
303
423
353
110
70
58
90
75
153
127
280
234
324
270
1 Imp. equals
1.2 U.S.
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
200
95
79
125
104
204
170
375
313
437
364
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
U.S.
Imp
A Day's Ramble Through the M.C.R. Shops at St. Thomas
By Fred. H. Moody
Every Shop has its IVays and Means of Meeting Exigieiicies That Arise in the Shape of Un-
usual or New Jobs, but the Railway Repair Shop has an Exceptionally Large Number of Such
Special Tools. The M. C. R. Shops, Under the Direction of an able Staff of Men, have De-
veloped Numerous Special Methods and Devices, a Number of Which Were Picked up by
the Writer in a Recent Trip Through the Shops, and are Here Given with Some Detail, as
They Will Doubtless Prove Beneficial to Machinists, in General, in Developing Initiative for
Undertaking New Jobs.
PART II.
Boiler Shop.
Coming to the boiler shop, a number
of special tools are to be found, a few
of which will be described. Fig. 10
shows a holding-on tool that has sev-
eral unique features. It will be jioticed
that it can be used close in against any
side sheet by using the outer holding-on
bar. The device consists of a piece of
heavy wrought iron pipe A bored as
shown. There are two covers BB screw-
ed on, the top one having openings. In-
side is the piston C built up as indicat-
ed, with a leather packing ring. From
this piston, extend two rods, D and E,
of which D is centrally located, and E,
otiset. Normally D is used, but where
the rivets are up close to a side, as for
example the rivets between the toiler
shell and head, the die on E is made use
of. Air is introduced by the usii.il air
valve and hose, below the piston (.', forc-
ing the desired die against the rivet
bead. As will be noticed, the dies on
the heads of D and E may be n^placcd
with others to suit the rivet in baud.
Another holding on tool is shovn m
Fig. 11, and is one that is ■ .ily "i' noy-
ed where the clearance space above the
rivet Is small, as in the water leg,
where the working space is never over
4 or 5 inches. The usual method of doing
this work is by a cup and wedge bar, a
rather inconvenient method. The hold-
ing on block under discussion, is loosely
suspended in the water leg by a wire
through hole A. The hot riVet is placed
in its hole, and the bevelled edge B plac-
ed against its head. A drift pin is then
Fig. 10— Double Holdlng-on Tool.
shoved through a stay bolt hole from the
firebox, and engages with either one of
holes CC. Pressure from the firebox on
the drift pin, holds this bevelled face B
tight over the rivet, which can be rivet-
ed from the outside of the boiler. While
apparently a rather unstable arrange-
ment, the results from its use are excel-
lent, and besides, it is much more con-
venient than the before mentioned cus-
tomary method of cup and wedge bar.
The stay bolt socket. Fig. 12, is
unique in that it is equally good for
driving in, or removing stay bolts. As
can be seen, it consists of a tool steel
engaging piece A in a soft steel shell B
to fit an air drill. The two are keyed at
C. The engaging piece A has tapered
flutes like an external reamer, only the
halves are symmetrically the same, one
half being effective in screwing in the
stay-bolts, and the other half in the re-
moving operation. The taper makes the
grip very positive. When A is worn
out, the part B is still useful for a new
grip.
Continuing on the subject of stay-bolts
there are several original ideas in use at
these shops. For example, a new type
of stay bolt tap is extensively used. It
is believed, and justly too, that the
usual stay bolt tap, reams the hole much
larger than it should be before the tap
takes a grip and a thread begun. The
tap used here is short, and straight up
to within an inch and a half, or so, from
the end, when, instead of being ground
^
a
iT
CANADIAN MACHINERY
steel of varying length, with a collar
around the whole to band them together.
Pig. 14 shows a press employed in this
banding operation. It consists of an old
air compressor cylinder A, and a forging
15. On the end of the air piston rod is
a head C. The pile of component parts
of the spring are placed on this head,
located centrally. Air pressure in A
lifts the pile against the projecting arm
of B, compressing them together snugly.
A clamp is then placed over this com-
.
J u
1 1
1 \
■^fl
if'lgr. 11— Holding-on Block.
down the thread is cut on the taper.
Thus, there is always a full thread, the
tips being, of course, smaller in diam-
Flgr. 13— Taper Auvll.
pressed bundle just of! centre. The pres-
sure is then relieved, and the spring re-
moved. The clamp being to one side
leaves the centre free to have the retain-
ing band shrunk on. The usual method
of banding, is to put a large collar over
the bundle, and compress by driving a
wedge in between the large collar and
Fig. 12— Staybolt Socket.
eter. The full thread always grips with-
out slipping, and reaming the hole.
While more expensive, the extra cost is
warranted by the superiority of the
work.
Carrying out this same principle, they
have a good way of tapping for radial
stay-bolts. A hollow tap of the form
just mentioned, is slipped over the re-
duced end of a round bar, the latter
slightly smaller than the punched holes.
This act as a guide for the tapping oper-
ation through the outer sheet, when a
similar operation is performed from the
inside, through the inner sheet, the rod
guiding in the inner and outer sheets in
each operation, respectively.
Blacksmith Shop.
Fig 13 shows an anvil used in the
smith shop for forging tapers on rods or
bars. It is essentially the usual steam
hammer anvil, with an inserted circular
piece A. This piece can be moved around
to make its upper face at any angle
with the face of the stationary part.
Bevels can thereby be forged very expe-
ditiously. The arrangement is so simple,
further explanation is unnecessary.
The springs under the locomotive, are
built up of a number of strips of spring
the springs, after which the retaining
band is shrunk on. The method describ-
ed is much more expeditious, and allows
of no error in adjustment.
A large variety of work is handled in
the car repair department, giving a wide
range of appliances. The most interest-
ing operations are those on the bull-
dozer, where a number of special dies
have been prepared. Such parts as the
car sill, step and coupler pocket, are
made in a very simple manner, the form-
er in one operation, and the latter in
three.
v_
J
-r
L.
Plg^. 14— Spring Press.
Fig. 15 shows a neat bending device
for making eye bolts. The piece to be
bent is placed against the angle A and
clamped there by eccentric B. The rol-
ler C on arm D, which has previously
been swung around behind the bar to be
bent, is swung around in the opposite
direction, bending the bar around the
centre pin E. The distance between pin
E and roller C is the thickness of the
stock to be bent. This distance can be
varied at will by loosening bolt F and
sliding D in or out on the pivoted bar
G, which turns on centre bar H. A
guide piece I, makes the strip D more
rigid. J acts as a stifiener for the an-
Fig. 15 — Eye Bender.
CANAl IAN MACHINERY
gle A which can be adjusted to suit the
work, as it is slotted as shown.
The punch press in the car shop has
Fig. 18 — Wood Drill for use between Car Sills
a spacer (or spacing rivet holes in
plates or bars. The spacer consists of a
long piece of metal with a groove,
through which bolts are secured. The
upper end of the bolt is so made as to
fit the size of hole being punched. Being
adjustable, it can be set to engage with
a punched hole the proper distance from
the hole to be punched, thereby properly
spacing the holes.
Fig. 16 shows a home-made drill for
drilling in the confined space between the
sills of cars. AA are car sills, in which
holes are to be drilled. The device con-
sists of a wooden base B to which an
upright wooden arm C is hinged. On C
is "in old bicycle sprocket D with handle
E. D drives a smaller sprocket F
through chain G. Sprocket F has a
square recess to hold the wood bit H.
The method of operating is self-ex-
planatory.
In the car shop, repairs were being
made to the cement floor, which had
holes in places. A composition of ce-
ment and cast iron chips, a mixture fre-
quently employed, was being used, the
results proving very satisfactory, the
mixture forming a hard, wear-resisting
surface.
Bound House.
For removing the locomotive drivers,
sections of the rail over the pit must be
removable to allow of the wheel drop-
ping. The arched rail used by the M.
C.R. is shown in Fig. 17. The custom-
ary method of bracing this removable
section, is to put a heavy casting under
the rail, making the removable section
very unwieldly. The method shown
makes for a lighter construction.
The jack for lowering the locomotive
drivers, is also shown in Fig. 17. It is
of the telescope construction, allowing
of a more compact arrangement, much
shallower than the straight lift type
would permit. The sleeves slide past
each other, the whole being actuated by
compressed air. The jack is on a small
truck, which moves lengthwise on a
larger truck, the latter having a track
long enough to run outside and clear the
locomotive rails. This is to permit of
lifting the drivers completely away from
the locomotive for repairs. The whole
construction is clearly shown by the cut.
V'\K. 17 — Telescope .lack iinrt Anchored Rail.
COBALT-CHROMIUM ALLOY.
Stellite is the name of a Cobalt
chromium alloy which has been discov-
ered by Elwood Haynes. It can be made
into cutting tools which meet all the re-
quirements of ordinary use and will not
tarnish or rust. The inventor has tested
the new alloy in many forms, having;
used it in razor blades and in lathe
tools for cutting steel at a high rate of
speed. The razor blades, although tak-
ing a satisfactory edge, were acknow-
ledged inferior to steel razors on account
of requiring more frequent stropping,
but for many tools the alloy was found
superior to steel.
Notwithstanding the great hardness of
the alloy, it not only forges readily at
a red heat, but can be bent at a right
angle cold, either in the form of a cast
or forged bar, provided the dimensions
do noc exceed one-fourth inch square.
Its elastic limit is not quite equal to
that of tool steel of the same hardness,
but it is much tougher. In color the
metal stands between silver and steel,
and if suitably polished shows a high
lustre. Many experiments were made
before an alloy could be produced that
would forge out perfectly into thin
sitripe, and shows no tendency to check.
After cooling, these strips are as hard
as mild-tempered steel, and can scarcely
be scratched by a file. A kitchen knife
blade was made from this material, and
after two years of use showed not the
faintest sign of tarnishing. If held in
the sun it produced a reflection that
would dazzle the eye.
A lathe tool test was made against
high speed steel, and it was found that
the stellite tool would cut a continuous
shaving from the bar at the speed* of
two hundred feet per minute, while the
high speed alloy steel tools failed al-
most instantly. It does not follow from
this that the alloy is better suited for
high speed lathe tools than good alloy
steel, but simply that it will stand a
higher speed without softening. It
would not be reasonable to expect a re-
volution in tool-making on account of
this discovery. There is in the new al-
loy a possible outlet for the great Cobalt
production of Ontario's silver mines.
This gives the matter special interest
in Ontario at the present time.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers* Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
LABGE JOB IN SMALL SHOP.
By Frank E. Booth.
The job in question was the boring' out
of the five bearing boxes of a four cyl-
inder vertical internal combustion en-
gine.
The only machine available
for the job was a Ber-
tram lathe having 16 inches swing be-
tween the centre and the ways, with a
distance of 8 ft. between centres. The
engine base was about 6 ft. 6 in. long,
Engine Bed Ready for Boring Operation.
while the longest bearing was 8 inches.
The job was bolted firmly to the lathe
carriage at one end, while the other end
was supported by two hardwood blocks
bolted to the engine base, and fitted to
the lathe ways as shown in the sketch.
A solid boring bar, with a head for
carrying the tool, was used, and thb
head was shifted from one box to the
other as the job progressed. A first class
job was the result.
CRANK SHAFT JIG.
In the shops of the Canada Gas Power
and Producer Co., Barrie, Ont., there
is a very convenient form of jit? in use
for turning the crank pin of the solid
crank shafts used in the Weber engines
built by that concern. This method
of machining is due to E. J. Graves,
superintendent of the plant.
of the crank shaft is then inserted into
hole B of tho jig, so that the face B of
the shaft is flush with face C of the jig.
The offset C of the crank sets into
recess D of the jig, and set screws E
can be adjusted to centralize the crank
pin. The clamping screws F are then
Fig. 2— Crunk Shaft Jig.
tightened and the crank pin is ready to
turn.
Of course, different sizes of jigs are
required for the various kinds of shafts
produced. Each jig has another fea-
ture of interest. The radius of the con-
tour G of the jig is made the proper
radius of the edge D of the crank shaft,
from the crank pin centre, so that the
tool is quickly set to reduce the shaft
to the proper size.
CUTTING LONG LEAD SCREW.
Cutting a 41 ft. lead screw in a shop
where the longest lathe is 22 ft. presents
a problem. But this was recently over-
come in the works of the John Bertram
& Sons Co., Dundas. A still more diffi-
cult act was the cutting of a 45 ft. lead
screw, more than double the length of
the lathe on this same lathe.
The first lead screw referred to is, to
be exact, 40 ft. lOJ ins. long, 2 in. pitch,
double thread and 4 J in. diameter. The
screw was mounted in the lathe with
outward bearings set up for the over-
was made in three equal parts. The
centre piece had the screw cut on it,
leaving a short piece not cut at each
end. The two other parts were then
welded on, one on each end. The screw
was then mounted and a procedure
similar to that already described fol-
lowed.
In connection with cutting lead screws,
the John Bertram & Sons Co. keep mas-
ter lead screws, absolutely accurate, and
periodically lead screws on the lathes in
the shop are renewed to conform with
the master lead screw. In this way ac-
curate lathe work in the production of
machine tools is assured. It is of inter-
est .that the lathe with a 22-ft. bed
mentioned above, was built by the John
Bertram & Sons Co. and was used by
Henry Bertram, the present general
manager, to cut lead screws in 1876.
JIG FOR FACING TWIN PUMPS.
One of the principal products of the
Canada Foundry Co., is feed pumps for
varied uses. To facilitate rapid pro-
duction, many useful devices in the form
of jigs, special machines, etc., are em-
ployed. One of the most interesting of
these jigs, is the one shown in the ac-
companying sketch, which is used for
machining the valve face, motion
bracket, and body of the steam cylinder
and stretcher, all at one setting.
The device consists essentially of two
cast iron angle plates, to which are at-
tached removable collars. The bore of
the cylinder just fits over the collar at
one end, and the collars on the other
angle plate, fit into the ends of the cy-
linder stretchers.
As shown the jig will only apply to
one spacing of cylinders, that is, for a
given distance apart of centres, but, by
the use of eccentric collars as shown at
A, any distance apart may be handled
Fig. 1— Cranlj Shaft.
The chuck or face plate of the lathe
is removed, and the jig which tis thread-
ed at A to correspond to the lathe
apindlij, is screwed on. Either end A
.Ilg for Faring Twin Pumps.
hang. The thread was cut half way
along the leadscrew, reversed, and the
other half cut.
In cutting the 45 ft. lead screw, it
by the use of the proper collars. As
the company uses it, the jig is made for
5 inch centres, with eccentrics for 1\
inch centres.
^SS"
CANADIAN MACHINERY
maH SPEED CUTTER.
John Bertram & Sons Co., Dundas,
cut a largie number of steel gears from
the solid. In machining them and cut-
ting the gear teeth great difficulty was
encountered in securing cutters to stand
up to the work. After some experiment-
ing, however, a cutter was designed with
each tooth tapered from the nose to-
wards the centre of the cutter. With
such a cutter a speed of 120 ft. per min.
is maintained and 50 per cent, of the
time is saved. This is attributed to the
relieving of the teeth on the sides.
PITCH OF PROPELLER.
In the November issue of Canadian
Machinery, R. Ewart Cleaton gave an
article on "Practical Alethod of Obtain-
ing Pitch of Propeller." We find, how-
ever, that the printers have made a seri-
ous error in Simpson's Rule which
should read as follows : —
y
a=^-(E4-4S+2m)
3
Where a = Area in square inches.
y = Distance between ordi-
nates.
E = Sum of extreme ordinates.
S = Sum of even ordinates.
m = Sum of odd ordinates.
ECONOMIC PUNCHING.
By K Campbell.
There were a great many bars to be
machined in the plant where I served
my apprenticeship. These were about
21 in. by J in., and had from 15 to 20
holes drilled in each. This cost 6 or
8 cents each, and they were then count-
ersunk at a cost of 2 or 3 cents each ad-
ditional. High speed steels were then
introduced, making the cost less than
this, yet allowing the drill operator to
make a slightly larger amount per day.
It was then found that more of these
were needed, and unless some means
were devised, additional drills would liave
ically on a big punch, it was decided to
instal one. This was done, and all the
holes were punched at once. In Fig. 1,
A is the punch, C the work, and B the
die, G representing the machine frame.
The bars were finished much more
quickly, but they still required to be
taken to the drills to be countersunk
until the method shown in Fig. was
adopted. A is the punch, B is the work
when completed, F shows the counter-
sunk jar, E the hardened die, and G
representing the punch frame. It will
be noted that the die is the diameter of
the countersink. In this way the second
handling of the bars was done away
with, and the work done very cheaply.
Another job that was done on this
large multiple punch was the work on
binder bottoms. Formerly these were
done on a single punch. The steel bot-
toms were fastened to the template with
steel bushings, the whole being on a
large table with handles at each end.
Two men operated the table and one the
punch. The job was one of the most
hated in the shop, and there was re-
joicing when dies were made for the
multiple punch to allow it being done on
that machine. It made a big saving for
the company, but incidentally it elimin-
ated the days of hard, heavy lifting of
the table, bottom and template, which
had to be done for each hole punched,
there being 50 or 60 in each binder
bottom. These holes were of three dif-
ferent size."? which necessitated handling
them three times.
TOaaLE JOINT ACTION.
The toggle joint is used on various
machines, such as rock crushers, presses
for stamping sheet metal, etc. The two
accompanying line drawings show the
application of the toggle joint to a
press. Referring to these, A is a crank
keyed to the main crank-shaft of the
press. Connecting-rod E, attached to
this, is pivoted in yoke H, which is sus-
D with cranks B, which are keyed to
rocker arm shafts.
A comparison of the two illustrations
will show the action of the mechanism.
In Fig. 1, crank A is at its highest
position. In Fig. 2, the blank holder is
down. It will be seen that in this pos-
ition bell cranks D and links C are
straightened out, so that a powerful
Kiff. 1.- Economic Punching.— Kiff. Z.
to be installed. It was finally decided
to punch them, and the bars were then
punched one hole at a time. This put
the idea into the management of punch-
ing all the holes at once. As there was
other work that could be done econom-
pended on rocker arms F and 6, pivoted
to the side frames of the machine, on
opposite sides of H. Bell crank levers
D are operated from the center pivot
of H, through short links J. Links C
connect the upper arms of bell cranks
Fig. 1.— Toggle Joint Action— Fig. t.—
toggle action with an appropriate dwell
is obtained, lasting through a consider-
able portion of the revolution of th*
crank-shaft.
Cranks B, in turn, operate the rocker
arms, which, with the links connecting
them with the blank holder slide form
a second toggle joint mechanism. It
will be seen that these two sets or toggle
joints, acting in series as they do, give
a powerful pressure to the blank holder,
estimated at 2,000 tons.
SAVING SHEET METAL.
In stamping sheet metal, it is possible
to waste a lot of metal. Pig. 1 shows a
method of stamping out washers where
there is a large amount of waste. It
will be evident from Fig. 2 that by stag-
ooooooo
ooooooo
ooooooo
Fig. 1.— stamping Sheet Metal.
gering the rows or cutting them zig-zag,
more washers can be cut out of a sheet
of metal. The E. W. Bliss Co., manu-
Fig. 2.— Stamping Slieet Metal to Save 30 per
Cent.
facturers of presses, have estimated this
saving at from 5 to 30 per cent.
By making the cuts touch each other
as much as possible, it is possible to se-
cure the maximum economy in stamping
out washerS/ Jn order that the centre ol
the washer be not wasted, these can be
used lor making smaller washers.
CENTRING INDICATOR HOLDER.
This is a simple little device used in
the tool-room of the London Machine
Tool Co., Hamilton, for carrying the
Starret Indicator No. 64. It was de-
signed by the foreman toolmaker with
the object of greater flexibility in get-
ting at unhandy centres, as by this de-
vice, the connecting arms make any
position of the indicator practically
possible.
A i.'i held in the tool post of the
IX
CANADIAN MACHINERY
apprentice. The only difficulty, if it
may be termed such, is that for every
size of nut there must be a difTerent-
sized stud. This jig enables the com-
pany to turn out approximately, thirty
5-inch, twenty-six 1-inch, twenty-four
IJ-inch, twenty-two l}-inch, eighteen
If-inch or eighteen 1 4-inch nuts every
45 minutes.— American Machinist.
TO SHARPEN A PIPE DIE.
By A. F. Bishop.
I discovered a short time ago that a
mill-cut file would sharpen a solid pipe
die quite easily and quickly without re-
moving the temper in the die. The first
few rubs of the file will slide without
1
Cent ring Indicator Holder.
lathe, while the indicator is attached
to arm C, the intervening arm B being
used to increase the range. A is a
piece of machinery steel, and rods B
and C are of stub steel, requiring no
extra finish. The joint between B and
C is cast steel, slit at the ends to facil-
itate clamping, making in all a very
simple and useful device. Tool-makers
and machinists will find this a useful
addition to their outfits, and it re-
quires very little time or exertion to
make.
JIG FOR HOLDING CASTLE NUTS
WHILE CUTTING SLOTS.
By G. C. White.
In the works of the C.P.R. at Mon-
treal, a jig similar to the one shown in
the cut is used for holding nuts so that
Dittmec«r
o( Bolt
A
B
C
D
Width
across FU18
X'
iV
y,,-
'M.'
H"
iVi.."
l'
\'A"
vi<"
'K
v;"
IH"
l«-
IW
'<"
w
M«"
I'M.'
IS,"
IM"
H"
1"
>/..;'
2''
is-
IV
H"
IH"
."»"
2'V
m"
l»i-
«•'
IVi"
V
2<f'
• Thusf .r« tl
e OQly
Uiinen
sioD fo
the I!
ifiolshcd Nut.
Slotting Castle
they may have slots cut in them. The
machine used is an old universal mill-
ing machine, which is operated by an
Sbarpenlag a Pipe Die witb a File.
cutting, this being due to the grease on
the die. Just as soon as the greasy sur-
face is thoroughly worked off, the file
will commence to cut, and will cut very
smoothly, making a keen edge on the
cutting thread. Heretofore I have al-
ways worked on emery grinders to try
to do this work without removing the
temper of the die, but found they work-
ed very slowly on account of the small
diameter of the wheels, also that it was
quite a nuisance to set the die for the
cutting wheel. Most mechanics would
not try the file, not having the least
idea that it would do the work. That
was my ease. — Scientific American.
FIXTURE FOR CUTTING MITRE
GEARS.
The following method for cutting the
teeth in mitre-gear blanks, on a No. 2
plain milling machine with a universal
head, is given in the American Machin-
ist. The gears are mild steel, 37 teeth,
6 pitch. They are finished in two cuts
VP
centre for the bead is secured to the
machine table, a |-inch pin being in
one end acting as a pivot about which
the small table is free to swing. After
the blank is set this table is strapped
securely. The face and cut angles of a
mitre gear together make 90 degrees,
and it follows that when the blank is
set up for cutting, the apex cf the cone
angle is in a vertical line with the face
of the blank. The blank is set so that
this vertical lino falls in the centre of
the ft-inch pin. The table with head is
Line of Cut
Fixture (or
Cutting Mitre Gear*
Hilling Machine.
a Plalu
now swung either way an amount that
will give a correctly shaped tooth On
that side. After going around, swing
the table the same amount in the other
direction- Of course, the cutter must
be set in position before the table is
swung either way. The amount to set
the table over will have to be found by
trial, but once found the same marks
will answer for any size mitre gear.
The sketch shows this arrangement.
COMBINED DRILLING AND MILL-
ING JIG.
By Wilfrid J. Thompson.
The inclosed sketch is of a jig used for
both drilling and milling the lugs of a
small eccentric strap, shown at F. A,
Fig. 1, is gray iron with the plate B
(the drill guide) screwed and doweled to
it. C is the locating stop, which is of
hardened steel and fits fairly well In the
rough |-inch groove in the strap.
The block D is of machinery steel
about \\ inches wide and is forced up
by the wedge E against the bottom of
VV B i ! 1
! t
A
"e"
-
s«^ -■
Fig. 1.— Combined Drilling and Milling Jig.— Fig. t.
and do not require filing. They wear the lugs of the strap locating the latter
well and run quietly.
A small table with a groove up
the
with C and parallel with the top of the
jig.
SB-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Fig. 2 shows the work in position
ready to be drilled. When used as a
milling fixture the plate B is first re-
moved. Fig. 1 shows an end view of the
jig without the work or block D in
place. Ci IS a part section of C.
This is a cheap, easy jig to make,
quick to operate, and about as near tool-
proof as any tool can be— American Ma-
chinist.
INFLUENCE OF GALVANIZING ON
STRENGTH OF WIRE.
Wire woven into ropes and cables and
used for the most part where the wea-
ther exerts a deteriorating influence, re-
quires suitable protection, if its useful-
ness is to be a dependable factor. Coat-
ing with zinc has been found to answer
the purpose admirably. Experiment and
investigation show the formation of a
couplet, in which the zinc of the galvan-
ized iron forms the electro posiitive ele-
ment, and the iron the electro-negative,
when the material is immersed in water
or other fluid. The zinc takes up oxy-
gen, gradually forming a zinc oxide,
while on account of the evolution of
hydrogen, the iron remains inert, even
if the continuity of the zinc coating is
slightly broken.
In the process of hot galvanizing,
there is no , question but that the
strength and particularly the resistance
to bending and torsion, are considerably
affected. Many theories 'have been
propounded to explain the loss of feu-
sile strength. Poor material is cited,
but the best has been shown to suffer.
The "overdrawing" of the steel has
been suggested, but microscopic tests
under this head, fail to reveal it as a
cause. Irregularity of zinc coating has
also been suggested, but it likewise fails
to reveal the situation.
Absorbed Hydrogen Gas Does the
Damage
The results of many recent investiga-
tions show an absorption of hydrogen
from the acid bath, in the pickling pro-
cess previous to galvanizing, resulting
in considerable damage to the finished
products in the matter of brittleness.
Further investigation showed, however,
that heating the steel up to 2.50 degrees
Fah. for four hours, removes this bad
effect entirely, and shows that galvaniz-
ed wire can be produced with a mini-
mum loss of physical properties, it be-
ing entirely a question of proper prac-
tice in regard to removal of damage
done by pickling, proper bath tempera-
ture, and lime of wire remaining in it.
The wire should be treated before gal-
vanizing to remove the hydrogen, and
the temperature of the zinc bath should
be regulated between close limits. The
latter is in nowise easy, these being dif-
ficulties in pyrometry and proper firing,
where many wires are passed through
constantly, with consequent irregular
lowering of the temperature.
Correspondence
Comments on articles appearing in
Canadian Machinery will be cheerfully
welcomed and letters containing useful
ideas will be paid for.
Information regarding manufacturers
of various linos, with their addresses
will be supplied either through these
columns or by letter, on- request. Ad-
dress letters to Canadian Machinery,
143-149 University Ave., Toronto.—
Editor.
Designing Propellers.
I have been much interested in reading
the recent articles on propellers, their
design, measuring of pitch, etc. When
Mr. Baldwin set out to select an avia-
tion propeller, he tried to select one
from a number of various pitches. He
tried to do this with a stationary outfit
but found this method unsatisfactory, as
the one making 'the best fan and turning
out the greatest volume of air was of
course not the best propeller. The selec-
tion for his airship was made by fitting
up an ice-boat, the propeller selected
making about sixty miles an hour.—
Reader.
Tempering Small Shear Blades.
We are enclosing you sketch of a knife
made of crucible or section steel. Di-
mensions are, length 6", width 2", and
sometimes called "Tanners' Oil," but
warping is caused from using any of the
above if heated sufficiently to get the
required hardness. While they require
to be very hard, yet they must have
toughness as well, as they are subject to
severe strain and are liable to breakage.
We would therefore consider it a favor
if through the columns of "Canadian
Machinery" you would prescribe method
of heating and tempering the above
knife. — C. Smith & Sons.
For heating, make up a large level top-
ped fire on an ordinary blacksmith's
hearth and on this lay a flat piece of %"
boiler plate, raise and maintain this
plate at a bright cherry red heat— about
1480 degrees Fah.— lay the blades to be
tempered on the plate until they attain
the same heat, they should be then taken
off carefully one at a time with a pair
of narrow nosed flat tongs and dipped in
a bath of rain water that has been rais-
ed to a temperature of 210 degrees Fah.
"just off the boil," they should be
quenched right out, "given all the water,"
as it is called, and afterwards polished
with fine emery ; — great care must be
taken in dipping that the blades enter
the bath exactly vertically and edge
downwards. For letting down to the re-
quisite degree of hardness, a pair of
broad flat bitt tongs, as shown in the
sketch, should be used, heat the tong
bitts to a bright red and with them hold
the blade to be treated about f ' from
its back edge, the heat of the tongs will
draw the temper and when the right
color shows on the cutting edge quench
out in cold water again, taking care that
the blade enters the water vertically. I
should think that a medium straw color
would represent about the right temper.
It will be found that the whole temper
K incbes lone. "
Belt Buk •bout I-lnch vnde.
Very hard edge about 1-inch -wide.
Sorrat«!d ed^ iO Ut 12 per inch, i-in. from
\
5
Smnll Sbear Blade.
14 G. thick, and to have soft back about
1" wide and cutting edge to have ex-
treme hardness about 1" from edge and
serrated about i" from edge, 10 to 12
serrations per inch.
We have experienced much trouble
from them warping while being dipped
in the cooling bath. The substance we
used for that purpose was spring and
rain water; salt and water and fish oil,
same as that used by the tanners and
will have been drawn from the back, leav-
ing it normal and the hardness will gra-
duate through to the edge, but to obtain
a strictly defined line between hardness
and softness would be practically impos-
sible.
Any warping or buckling can be remov-
ed afterwards by hammering on a planed
grey-iron block with a raw-hide mallet,
first warming the blade slightly. This
re-setting of thin hardened steel plates
CANADIAN MACHINERY
is a special trade, known as saw smith-
ing and experts can command very higli
wages.
In forging the blades great care should
be taken against over heating— pure high
These hunters can be made any shape
to suit the work. For low work the
hunter can be made with a low
side and two or more can be used for a
job. The hunters are made by milling
Ttndiu« iTxMit 3 ft'. Imir.
Tougs for Tempering Blades.
carbon steel should be worked at as low
a heat as possible, and for edge-tools
should be always worked one way,
"back to edge." If this is done and the
steel be of good quality a uniform wai-p-
ing will be observed at the first dip; this
can be rectified by bending the blade in
the opposite direction before dipping,
and it is quite possible to remove the
article from the bath quite straight, this
practice has to be followed in hardening
some kinds of (iles.— Frank Walker.
Holding Work on Planer.
In the December issue of Canadian
Machinery a device was described tor
holding work on a planer. In the accom-
panying illustration is shown an angle
plate B, sometimes called a hunter.
the two surfaces next the planer bed and
the work, a single cut being all that is
necessary. They are made indestructible
if made of good steel and hardened. —
K. Campbell.
Holding Work on Planer.
holding the work A on the planer bed C.
Its object is to prevent denting finished
work which would ordinarily he held by
toe dogs or fingers.
CISCOE LATHE TESTS.
An interesting test of a Ciscoe 14-in.
lathe, made by the Cincinnati Iron &
Steel Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, was made
recently. Cuts were made in 0.25 per
cent, carbon steel to a depth of 9-16 in.
and 36 to the inch friction feed ; in the
same material to a depth of ? in. at
18 to the inch screw feed, and in cast
iron to a depth of | in. at 18 to the
inch screw feed. In these t<>sts it was
endeavored to break the lathe, but the
only part that broke was the belt. This
is justly considered exceedingly heavy
work for a 14-in. lathe and indicates
very forcibly its powerful construction.
For these lathes the company has re-
cently has three orders from Canada,
two from California, one from Texas
and one from New York, and it has also
received orders for considerable equip-
ment, including larger lathes from
Florida and miscellaneous small tools
from Arkansas and Tennessee.
ADDITION TO EDITORIAL STAFF.
Since the first i.ssue of Canadian Ma-
chinery it has been the aim of the pub-
lishers to keep in close touch with the
developments in machinery, machine shop
and engineering practice and thus
give the readers accurate information
on all subjects of interest to them.
With the growth of the paper the work
of keeping it up to the present hig^
standard has necessitated an addition
to its editorial staff. The publishers
are pleased to announce that Peter
Bain, M.K., formerly of Bain &
Mitchell, Montreal, has joined the stall.
Mr. Bain has had 20 years experieno«
in the mechanical engineering field. He
is a Clyde technically and practically
trained man, having served with Mat-
thew, Paul & Co., manufacturers of
stationary, marine and high speed en-
gines. He was on the "Niobe," the
cruiser recently bought by the Cana-
dian Government, during her first trials
after launching. He was assistant man-
ager at Wm. Spence. Dublin, during
the installation of the refrigeration,
and mechanical apparatus in connection
with the Guinness' brewery extension,
and during the construction of a num-
ber of locomotives used in this large
plant.
Since coming to Canada Mr. Bain
served as chief draftsman with the
.John McDougall Caledonia Iron Works,
Montreal, later forming a partnership
with Mr. Mitchell, under the title of
Bain & Mitchell. He designed the large
modern power plant of the Montreal
PETER BAIN. M.E..
Steel Works, and taught the classes in
engineering at the Montreal Y.M.C.A.,
under the International Y.M.C.A. Edu-
cational Board. Many graduates of his
(•las.ses now occupy important positions
in the engineering field. Mr. Bain is
therefore well qualified for editorial
work on Canadian Machinery.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Elngines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.
PLAKER FOR HIGH SPEED STEEL.
The planer illustrated herewith is de.
signed for the use of high speed steels.
Convenience, accuracy and strength
were the points considered in its design.
For exceptional heavy work the planer
may be equipped with double belt drive
and pneumatic clutch.
The bed is made in deep box form of
close grained iron. The sides are
straight, neatly flanged on outside and
inside at base. The cross braces are
heavy, close together and the V's being
well ribbed to web make a stiff and
The housings have a foot on floor, re-
lieving the 'bed of any bending move-
ment. The faces are scraped to cross
bar, and are polished and frosted.
The cross bar has a long bearing on
the housings, and is reinforced at
centre by box of girder form cast solid
with bar. The bar is raised and lowered
by power on all sizes from 30 inch up.
The headb have down and angular
feed. Slides are all scraped and are
provided with gibs for taking up the
wear, with means for locking. The
gearinsT is all cut from the solid on ac-
I'luiier, London Machine Tool Co., Hamilton.
Strong construction. The centre to cen-
tre of V's on planers is wide and the
V's are also very wide. The bed is made
sufficiently long to prevent table from
lifting under the heaviest cuts when
table is at extreme end of stroke.
The table is made deep and stiff, be-
ing well ribbed crosswi.se and lengthwise.
The V's are so designed that to prevent
grit or shaving from dropping through
the table on to the sliding surface,
where they will cut and score. The dirt
will dTop through the table, but will
drop on the out.side or inside of bed,
where it can do no harm. The table is
generally drilled with round holes. The
T-slots on table are cut from the solid.
The rack is cut from the solid and is
secured to planer by means of screws
and dowels. The housings are made in
heavy box form best calculated to re-
.MSt the strain due to the heaviest cuts.
curate gear cutting machinery, and all
pinions are of steel.
The feed rack is of steel cut from
the solid steel bar, and the feed pinion
is of steel. Ratchet pinions are all of
steel.
This planer is manufactured by the
Ijondon Machine Tool Co., Hamilton.
CAR WHEEL BORING MACHINE.
The illustration shows a ear wheel
boring machine made by the John Bert-
ram Sons Co., Dundas. It has a cafK
acity to bore wheels up to 42 ins. in
diameter on the tread. It swings 48
ins. in diameter.
The table is provided with five self-
centering gripping jaws. The cone has
three steps 28, 24 and 20 ins. diameter
for 6 in. belt. The boring spindle is
counterbalanced and has quick return.
It is also jirovided with three chancres of
Bertram 42-in. Car
rint' .Macbine.
feed, two for roughing and one for fin-
ishing, changes from roughing to finish-
ing can be made instantly.
The machine is complete with counter-
shaft, wrenches, pneumatic air-hois'ting
attachment, and power hub facing at-
tachment. By means of the lifting at-
tachment the wheels are picked up from
the floor without the aid of a jib, over-
head or portable crane and deposited on
the floor after maichining. This is prob-
ably the first machine of this type regu-
larly built.
POSITIVE CHAIN TONGS AND PIPE
VISE.
The positive chain tongs shown in Fig.
1, present many features of interest and
value to steamfitters and power plant
engineei-s. They are made of drop
forged steel, in sizes from | to 12 inch
l-'i?. 1 — Positive Chain Tongs, McDonald & Sons, Toronto.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Si
pipe. They are simple in constructional
details, strong;, light and reliable, are
equally useful as pipe or fittings tonars,
and grip at all angrles. The chain is
strong, beino: made to stand strains in
excess of any leverage that may be ap-
plied at the end of the handle.
Companion to the chain tongs is a
pipe vise, illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3,
the merits of which are as follows: It
lies flat and open on the bench, permit-
both spindle drive and feed ineclmnisni.
Tlie d'etnils of the drive and the spindle
change gear mechanism are seen in the
se<'tional views. Figs. 2 and 3. The driv-
ing pulley A. Fig. 2, is mounted on a
spliiu'd shaft a. which is supprtrled in a
bracket H, attached to the side of the
machine column.
There are twelve changes of spindle
near the top of the column. The length
of the ram is 35 inches and the width
111/2 inches. The driving pulley is 12
inches in diameter, with a 4i-ineh £ace,
and should l)e run at a constant speed of
.'JOO revolutions per minute.
The feed change mechanism gives six-
teen changes of feed, ranging from 7-16
inch to 13 inches fe«d of the table per
Fig. 2— Positive ripe Vise, Open.
Fltr. »— Positive Pipe Vise. Closed.
ting lengths of pipe to be placed in or
withdrawn freely without risk of wear
or dajnages to the jaws. There aire four
jaws instead of three as in most pat-
terns, ensuring consequently better grip-
ping qualities. The quick adjustment
device consisting of loose nut with
shank, knob and spring catch, enables
pipe of varying sizes to be inserted and
withdrawn without the labor attendant
on turning the screw backward or for-
ward each time.
The vise is neat and compact, is made
in four sizes from i to 12 inch pipe,
and is psitented in Canada and the Uni-
ted States.
MacDonald and Sons, Toronto are the
patentees and manufacturers of both
specialties.
DUPLEX MILLING MACHINE.
The Waltham Watch Tool Co., Spring-
field, Mass., has placed on the market
the No. 3 Van Norman duplex milling
machine shown in Fig. 1. The special
feature emibodied in the eonstrnction of
this machine that distinguishes it from
other types of milling machines, is the
movable cutter head, which is mounted
on a ram or frame that may be adjusted
in or out over the table to adapt the
cutter for use in either a ver'tical or
horizontal position, the -cutter spindle
being adju.stable to any angle from the
horizontal to the vertical. Among the
features incorporated in the design of
the No. 3 size which are not found in
the sizes formerly built, may be men-
tioned the single pulley or constant
speed drive with a change gear mechan-
ism for varying the spindle speeds, lo-
cated in the ram; a geared feeding
mechanism; an improved box type of
knee; and a solid steel overhanging arm,
which braces to give rigidity for either
vertical or horizontal cuts.
This machine is solidly constructed
throughout and it has ample power for
speeds, varying from 15 'to 276 r.p.m.,
the spaced changes being cfTected by
operating the sliding gears F and I and
the clutch N. All the gears are of steel,
and those within the ram run iiv an oil
bath. A handwheel on the end of shaft
f may be used to facilitate bringing the
gears into mesh when making changes.
The critter-head W, which has a 90
degi-ee angular adjustment, pivots on the
trunnion ring T. The head is securely
damped on the face of the ram by three
locking bolts which move in circular T
slots. A bevel gear TT on the end of
¥'i%. 1 — Van Norman No. 3 Duplex Milling
Machine, Waltham W.-itch Co., Spring-
field, Mass.
shaft f, and a bevel gear V on the spin-
dle, complete the drive connection. The
cutter spindle has the conical form of
bearings, and is made with a No. 13
B. & S. taper, to adapt it for holding
the large collet holder or reducing collets
that are used in this machine. The ram
may be securely clamped to the column
by means of two binder levers, .after the
cutter spindle is located in the mosit ad-
vantageous position for operation. This
ram has a 13-inch movement in and out
over the column, and the adjustment is
ef56ected by means of the crank shown
minute. The drive to the fee<l-boi is
by a chain which connects with the main
driving shaft. The table, which has a
work,ing surface of 45 by 10 inches, has
a longitudinal feed of 30 inches, a trans-
verse feed of 12 inches, and a vertical
Figs. 2 and 3 — Spindle Speed Changing
Mechanism.
feed of 19 inches. The knee also has a
vertical movement of 19 inches. The
countershaft furnished with the machine
has pulleys 13 inches in diameter and
4J-inch face, for forward and reverse
speeds. The swivel vise, also incladed
in the equipment, has jaws 7 inches
wide, IJ inch deep, with a maximnm
opening of 4J inches. The weight of
this machine is approximately 4,000
pound®.
PLAIN MILLING MACHINE.
The machine illustrated herewith fol-
lows in general outline the accepted ns-
•age of column millers, but has a number
of. features which tend to greater rigridi-
tv and strength as well as ease of opera,
tion. Substantiating the claim of the
CANADIAN MACHINERY
manufacturers, that t^he machine is well
adapted for high speed service.
The column 'which is cast in one piece
has a considerable wider base than com-
mon, to resist the weight of table when
at extremes of travel, a generous oil re-
taining rim surrounds this. The knee is
of the box ty{>e, with extended top, and
extra long bearing on column, is fitted
with telescoping screw for elevation.
The saddle is fitted with compensating
stationary nut is very deep and inches
long. The table has a great depth and
Fig. 1 — i'lalu .Milliiif; .Mju-liiiu*. (■rand llaplds
Machine Co.
a working surface of 32 x 8 inches with
T-slots extending beyond oil pockets this
gives additional space for fixtures, etc.
in fact a 10 inch index outfit can be
placed on same and allow full range of
machine to be cut between centres. The
spindle is of crucible steel and is bored
for No. 10 B & S taper, and the cut
ihows the substantial journals as well
as driving facilities consisting of a cone
of three steps with a 12, 9 and 6 inch
diameter for a 3 inch belt also back-
gearing of 6i to 1. When not back
Fig. 2 — Pbantom View of Feed ChangiDg
Hecbanlsm.
geared the cone has four steps 12, 10, 8
and 6-inch. The feed gearing is of the
selective sliding gear type. The phan-
tom photos showing same to contain 13
steel gears of heavy pitch which gives
12 feeds.
Driving is accomplished with a nickel
steel chain single lever feed control (also
shown on phantom photo) operates by
throwing lever to the side table should
also move to. Pulling it forward dis-
engages the feed.
The machine is fitted with a substan-
tial afbor brace and is of the following
range: table travel 24 inches, saddle
Fig. 3 — Feed Controlling .Mechanism.
travel 8 inches and knee travel 18 inches.
Xet weight of machine is 2,020 lbs.
These machines are manufactured by
the Grand R-apids Machine Tool Co.,
Grand Rapids, Mich.
GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.
The accompanying illustrations show
an automatic spur gear cutting machine,
manufactured by the Newark Gear Cut-
ting Machine Co., Newark, N.J., for
heavy spur gears. The machine has a
capacity for gears up to 84 in. diameter.
positively, without hammering. The
spindle and arbor are amply heavy to
secure the benefits of using a gang of
finishing cutters, or a gang of finishing
and roughing cutters side by side on the
arbor. The spindle is di-iven by means
of a powerful spur gear train. The
various speed changes are obtained by
means of change gears placed as near
the last driver as possible. This allows
the driving shafts to rotate at constant
speed, and avoids undue strains in the
shafts when the cutter is running at
slow speed on heavy pitches.
The changes of the feed of the cutter
carriage are obtained in similar manner,
by means of change gears; but the rat^
of the cutter speed and the rate of the
carriage feed are independent of each
other, so that one may be changed with,
out affecting the other. The carriage
quick return is constant, not being affect-
ed by the feed or speed of the cutter.
The carriage feed screw operates on the
"draw-cut" principle, the thrust collars
being placed so that the screw is not
subjected to compression strains, either
when feeding or returning the carriage.
This draw-cut insures a smooth uniform
feed to the carriage with freedom from
vibration. The carriage also, as will be
noticed in the photograph, is especially
long, with the cutter spindle bearing in
the centre of its length. This construc-
tion prevents chattering or vibration,
and as the bearings are very long, with
Newark Gear-Cutting Machine.
24 inch face, and to cut 6 inches circu-
lar pitch.
The cutter spindle, crucible tool steel
forging, is provided with a taper hole
to receive cutter arbors. The cutter
arbor is drawn into and forced out of
the spindle, by means of a draw-in bolt.
narrow guides, the action of the carri-
age is very smooth and quiet running,
even when operating under severe duty.
The indexing or dividing mechanism
comprises a large master wheel, and pos-
itive actuating mechanism. The master
wheel is a worm wheel, generated in
CANADIAN MACHINERY
*9
place on each machine. It is made in
sections, that is, a wheel proper, and a
ring; this construction being used to
insure accuracy not otherwise obtain-
able. The master wheel receives its
movement through the positive indexing
mechanism, which embodies a very sim-
ple clutch mechanism, requiring no ad-
justment. The various divisions for dif-
ferent numbers of teeth are obtained by
means of change gears, which provide
for cutting all numbers of teeth up to
100, and all from 100 to 450 except
prime numbers above 100. A wide
range of higher numbers can also be
cut. Where any unusual number is re-
quired to be cut, this can be done by
means of an extra change gear.
In connection with the positive index-
ing mechanism, is a safety device, which
prevents the carriage from feeding until
the division has been correctly comple-
ted. This is especially valuable when
it is considered that the machine cuts
very large and expensive gears. A safe-
ty mechanism also acts to prevent the
machine from dividing when an obstruc-
tion on the gear blank, such as a lug or
flange, would collide with the rim sup-
port, and otherwise, if it were not for
the safety device, injure the gear or
the machine. This mechanism is entire-
ly automatic, and does not require any
setting or adjustment, as it operates re-
gardless of the size of the gear or the
number of teeth being cut. It also is
val'uable, as though its interlocking fea-
ture, it prevents the operator from en-
gaging the feed mechanism, while the
maehine is dividing.
The work spindle is of large diameter,
machinery steel, accurately ground. It
is provided with a taper hole, to receive
work arbors; a draw-in bolt acting to
draw the arbor in and force it out posi-
tively. The work head is of massive
proportions, and is so gibbed to the head,
that the alignment is maintained with-
out regard to which of the clamping
bolts is tightened firet. The head is
prorided with screw and micrometer
dial, graduated to read to thousandths
of an inch. Power mechanism is pro-
vided for quick adjustment of the head,
either up or down. The machine is very
convenient, all the operating features
being under the direct control of the
operator.
DIXON'S STEEL CAR PAINT.
The Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey
City, N.J., have just issued a very at-
tractive little booklet of envelope size on
their paint for steel cars. The booklet
not only goes into the merits of the
Dixon paint for this service, but illus-
trates a number of different types of
steel ears upon which Dixon's paint has
given excellent service. It also contains
color chips showing the four colors in
which Dixon's silica-graphite steel car
paint is made. Anyone interested in
steel car painting should send for a copy
of this booklet which will be forwarded,
free of charge.
TUMBLING BARREL.
The Globe Machine & Stamping Co.,
Cleveland, 0., have placed on the market
a new type of horizontal tumbling bar-
rel for burnishing articles prior to plat-
ing, and for polishing either plated or
unplated parts. The burnishing is ef-
fected by the use of steel balls. The bar-
rel is of cast iron lined with maple wood
and has an octagonal cross section. These
machines are made with three sizes of
barrels, the smallest of which is 24 in.
in diameter by 8 in. wide, and the larg-
est 30 in. in diameter with a width of
16 in. They aro also furnished in either
tihe single, double or triple-banrel ty)pes.
KILLING MOLDING MACHINE.
A molding machine of the jarring
power rockover type 'has been brought
out by E. Killing's Molding Machine
Works, Davenport, Iowa. When the ma-
chine is being operated, the pattern is
mounted on a pattern board and the
whole is fastened to the rockover table.
After the flask is in place and filled with
sand, the mold is jarred to the proper
density by compressed air, which is al-
ternately applied and released automa-
tically in the cylinder under the jarring
table. Air is employed for this purpose
and the pattern may be withdrawn at the
speed which will give the best results.
The jarring cylinder and the valve are
simple in construction and the latter
is of the expanding ring piston valve
type. No springs are sued on this ma-
chine and all working parts are protect-
ed against the abrasive action of the
sand.
NEW CORE RAMMING MACHINE.
The Norcross jarring machines manu-
factured by the Arcade Mfg. Co., Free-
port, 111., have been used extensively for
ramming large cores. In order to make
it possible to use a machine of this kind
to better advantage a special type has
been bi-ought out and is primarily de-
signed for ramming cores. It is shown
in the aocompanjdng illustration.
The total height of the machine is 15
inehes. The piston is 8 inches in diam-
eter and carries a table 24 by 30 inches.
The piston travel in one-half inch and
it will lift one thousand pounds. Under
the table there is arranged' a circular
guide to keep the parts in line.
In 1909 the bounty paid came to $1,-
808,333. This went in great paxt to the
Dominion Steel Corporation, $1,029,503;
to the Algoma Co., Sault Ste. Marie,
$348,814, and to the Hamilton Steel &
Iron Co., Hamilton, $238,408.
The rate paid in 1910 was 90 cents a
ton for pig iron, 60 cents for puddled
bars, and 60 cents for eteels. Unless
something is done at Ottawa these boun-
ties will not be paid after this year.
CANADIAN ORE PRICES.
It is reported that the comparatively
small block of Canadian iron ore re-
cently contracted for by an eastern blast
furnace for next year's delivery, was
bought at close to 8 cents, delivered,
per unit of iron at consumer's plant.
From the standpoint of ore sellers, this
is looked upon as a favorable price con-
sidering the grade of the ore disposed
of and it tends to add weight to the ex-
pectation that foreign ores will probably
sell at higher prices next season at east-
ern seaboard than the present year. Al-
ready it is understood German and Eng-
lish iron makers have contracted for
large quantities of Swedish ore for next
year's delivery, which on the same mine
basis would make a pretty high price
delivered at eastern seaboard.
Universally in the east there is a be-
lief that the contracting in eastern do-
mestic and foreign ores will not begin
until late spring under present conditions
of trade. It is certain that with curtail-
ed operations the average eastern pig
iron maker has more ore on his hands
at this time than he had bargained for.
Some contracts for domestic lump ore
have been taken out freely and are puite
well filled, but considerable furnace ore
will be carried over until next year. Do.
mestic shipments in November were not
as heavy as in October, and this has
been due largely to the activity of some
consumers in the latter month taking in
more ore than their actual needs in order
to protect themselves against handling
difficulties in winter. — Iron Trade Re-
IRON AND STEEL BOUN^nES.
The bounties paid upon the manufac-
ture of iron and steel expired on Decem-
ber 31, 1910.
According to the specifications of the
United States Navy Department, high
speed tool steel furnished to the depart-
ment must have the following chemical
analysis: tungsten, from 18.5 to 19.5 per
cent.; chromium, from 5.25 to 6 per
cent.; vanadium, from 0.1 to 0.35 per
cent.; carbon, from 0.55 to 0.75 per
cent.; the manganese content must not
exceed 0.15 per cent.; silicon not more
than 0.11 per cent. ; phosphorus not
more than 0.02 per cent.; and sulphur
not more than 0.02 per cent. There must
be no other impurities, and particularly
not molybdennm.
COST CARD.
The Canadian Billingrs & Spencer Co.,
Welland, Canadian manufacturers of
drop-forgings, have an excellent
cost card system in use, brought
from the home plant at Hartford, Conn.
The accompanying cut shows the form
of card used. All the necessary data
concerning size, cost, etc., of the article
is embodied, and, in addition, similar in-
formation respecting the dies is given.
Prom the information under "Dies."
"The business and income taxes of the pres-
ent Assessment Act are especially objection-
.ible.
"Under the income tax, the salaries of the
officers of Incorporated companies are taxed,
while the incomes of the same persons under
a partnership would be free. Thus the in-
come tax is. in many cases, a penalty on a
particular form of business organization.
"The business tax, since it is based on the
value of the premises occupied, is really a
double tax on buildings and improvements
and penalizes the building of large, attrac-
tive and commodious premises, to the detri-
ment of the employes, of the building trades,
and of the general public.
"On the other hand, a moderate Increase in
the tax on the value of all land, whether
used or unnsed. Inclines tlie owners to meet
D-e A^-^a^. lo/l^lO
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-REMARKS-
Cost Card.
the method of manufacture can be seen,
as the different kinds of dies and the
numbers required of each are given.
In conjunction with this information
a photo of the article, photographed be-
side of scale, is attached to the back of
the card. This system is in more or less
common use in the United States, in
varied forms, but in forms somewhat
differing from this one. It gives a com-
plete record of the article, from mate-
rial to details of appearance, in very
convenient form.
LOWER BUSINESS TAX.
A Tax Reform League has been form-
ed, Toronto is endcavorinff to secure
sufficient streng-th to influemce the
changing of the Ontario Assessment
Act so as to allow municipalities to
tax buildings, improvements, business
assessments and incomes, at a lower
rate than land values. The organiza-
tion has offices at 75 Yonge St., and is
sending out the following circular draw-
ing attention to the objectional fea-
tures of the present Assessment Tax :
the otters of those who desire to develop it,
and when coupled with reduction of the build-
ing and business tax, results in an increase
of ail productive enterprise.
"So far from being a new, radical or re-
volutionary measure, the plan of allowing
municipalities to reduce taxes on buildings,
business assessments and incomes, has been
tried for years In New Zealand, New South
Wales, and our own Province of British Col-
umbia with satisfactory results.
"This measure is eminently conservative,
since it recognizes that conditions differ in
different municipalities, and provides that
each municipality may alter its system only
after due consideration and on favorable vote
of the ratepayers.
"We, therefore, commend this proposal to
business men, in the hope that they will con-
sider It in relation to their business interests,
and support the demand for local control of
local taxation."
In Toronto the Association have al-
ready secured the signatures of a large
number of manufacturers in favor of
this move, among these being :
R. E. Walker & Co., R. E. Walker ;
Phillips & Wrineh, Ohas. C. Phillips,
president ; House of Hobberlin, A. J.
Moreland, secy.-treas.; Jacques, Davy
& Co.; Goldsmiths' Stock Co., Walter
J. Barr, president ; Richard Southam,
managing director Southam Press ;
Hudson Co.; Farmers'' Dairy Co., P. P.
Farmer, Manager ; Noble Scott, print-
ing ; Marshall Sanitary Mattress Co.,
Alan C. Thompson, mgr.; R. J. Hunter
& Co., A. E. Brownlee, prop.; Frankel
Bros.; Carswell Co., R. Carswell, gen-
eral manager ; General Leather Goods
Co.t R. H. Cameron, manager ; Na-
tional il^eather Co., R. R. Corson, seey.-
treas.
CENSUS OF CANADIAN MANUFAC-
TURERS.
Archibald Blue, chief officer of the Cen-
sus Department, Ottawa, gives notice
that on June 1 next year a census will
be taken of the manufacturers of Can-
ada It will ascertain the capital em-
ployed in works in 1910 along with the
value of land, buildings and plant, the
kind or class of products of the works
by quantity or number of finished article
and their value in the year. These sta-
tistics will relate generally to factories
employing five hands or more during uhe
year, but in such industries as ionr and
grist mills, brick works, saw and shin-
gle mills, electric light and power plants,
and a few others where the value of pro-
ducts is large in proportion to the num-
ber of persons employed, returns will be
required without regard to the number
of employes. The employes of work will
include managers, superintendents, etc.,
on salaries ; officers, clerks, etc., on
salaries ; operatives or workers classed
as over and under 16 years on wages ;
and piece-workers employed outside of
the works. Salaries, wages and pay-
ments to all officers and employes will
be entered on the schedule for the cen-
sus year by sex, and will include the ag-
gregate weeks employed in the y>ac,
average hours of working time per week,
and aggregate wages paid to them in
the year. The aggregate weeks of time
and the aggregate wages paid will refer
to the whole body of employes for the
year while the average hours of work-
ing time will refer to an avertge com-
puted for all employes in the year for
one week only. The census of the dairy
industry, relating to the pioduction of
butter, cheese, cream .i,nd condensed
milk, will show for each kind of product
its quantity and selling value, and the
quantity of milk and cheese used for
conversion at the factories, the number
of patrons, and the amount of money
distributed to them in the year.
LESSON IN EFFICIENCY.
W. R. Towne. president of the Yale &
Towne Co., Stamford, Conn., states thdt
by the use of scientific methods and auto-
matic machinery, his company, within
the past six years, has achieved increas-
ed output, decreased labor cost and in-
creased wages to employes.
tAt>lAt)tAN MACHt^rfiftY
is succeeded by W. Davis, formerly
chargeman. Mr. Davis is in turn suc-
ceeded by J. Hollingsworth.
^'
CANADIAN MACHINERY EDI-
TORIAL INDEX.
Beginning with the January, 1911.
issue the reading matter will be indexed
separately from the advertising. This is
done in order to supply each reader
with a reference index at the end of the
year.
SAFETY DEVICE CATALOOUES
WANTED.
Kent MeNaughton, Association Rooms,
Stevens Building, Detroit, Mich., request
catalogues from manufactureors of safety
devices. He would like to receive as
much literature on this subject as pos-
sible and therefore requests manufac-
turers whose catalogues show safety de-
vices in cormection with their own ma-
chines or apparatus to send him copies
of such publications.
PERSONAL.
C. W. Lang, construction superintend
ent of the Dominion Coal Co., is leaving
that position to engage in the service of
the Brown Machine Co., New Glasgow,
N.S., in which he has purchased an in?,
terest. . ■ ' ..
A. W. Wheatley, of the American Lo-
comotive Works Co., Montreal, has as-
sumed charge of the Brooks plant of the
American Locomotive Co., succeeding
John R. Magarvey, appointed manager
at Schenectady, N.Y.
Clarence H. Booth, of Toronto, son of
George Booth, president of the Booth-
Coulter Copper & Brass Co., has been
appointed general manager of manufac-
turing for the E.M.F. Co., of Detroit, to
succeed David Hunt, Jr.
,4. C. Hanna, formerly secretary of the
Dominion Wire Co., Montreal, has gone
to Winnipeg as sales manager there of
the Steel Co., of Canada.
RECENT ADVANCES IN G. T. R.
Several important changes have re-
cently taken place in the management of
the G.T.R. shops at Battle Creek, Mich.,
Montreal and Toronto. J. 0. Garden,
master mechanic of the G.T.R. shops at
Point St. Charles, Montreal has been
transferred to a similar position in the
new shops at tiattle Creek.
J J. Duguid, formerly general fore-
man of the Toronto shops, has been ad-
vanced to the position of master rae-
cliiuiie of the G.T.R. Eastern Division.
Mr. Duguid's former position is filled by
William Sealey, formerly foreman of the
erecting shop, Stratford. Mr. Sealey
WINNIPEG RAILWAY CLUB.
Al the last monthly meeting of the
Western Canada Railway Club, held at
the Royal Alexandra, Winnipeg, the
feature of the evening's proceedings was
a paper on "The Training of a Railway
Employee," delivered by H. Martin
Gower, superintendent of apprentices for
the Canadian Pacific Railway at Mon-
treal. The paper, which was of some
length, dealt' with the necessity for
technical education, gave many statistics
on the matter, and adduced suggested
lines of systematized training. It was
well received by the members present,
about 100 in numlier, and a discussion
followed.
CENTRAL RAILWAY CLUB.
The regular meeting of the Central
Railway and Engineering Club, Toronto,
was held on Dec 20, when Gordon C.
Keith, managing editor of Canadian Ma-
chinery, read a paper on "Modern Ma-
chine Tool Practice for Maximum Pro-
duction."
The following officers were elected for
1911: President, G. Baldwin, yardlnas-
ter, Canada Foundry Co., Toronto; 1st
vice-president, G. Bannon, chief engi-
neer city hall; 2nd vice-president, A.
Taylor, foreman boiler makei-, Poison
Iron Works.
Executive committee: A. E. Till, fore-
man C. P. R. ; E. Logan, machinist,
G.T.R.; C. G. Herring, chief draftsman.
Consumers Gas Co.; A. E. Wilkinson,
Lunkenheimer Co.; A. M. Wickens, chief
engineer Canadian Casualty and Boiler
Insurance Co.; W. E. Cane, supt., Chap-
man Double Ba" Bearing Co. and A. J.
Lewkowicz, consulting engineer. Univer-
sal Gas Co.
Auditors: J. Herriot, general store-
keeper, Canada Foundry Co.; D. Camp-
bell, storekeeper, Consumers Gas Co.,
and A. W. Duman, of Rice Lewis &
Sons.
CLAY PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION.
At the annual meeting of the Clay
Products Manufacturers Association
held in Toronto recently, the election of
officers for the ensuing year took place
as follows : — Pres.. Robert Davies, Tor-
onto; First Vice-Pres.. D. A. Ijochrie,
Toronto: Second Vice-Pres,, W. H. Free-
born. Brantford; Third Vice-Pres.,
David Martin, Thamesville; Sec.-Treas.,
D. 0. MoKinnon, Toronto.
TANNERS' SECTION B. OF T.
The offl<'ers elected at the recent meet-
ing of the Tanners' section of the Tor-
onto Board of Trade are: —
J. J. Lamb, chairman.
F. B. Clark, vice-chairman.
P. 0. Morley, secretary-treasurer.
Executive committeet— J. C. Breithaupt.
S. R. Wickett, W. D. Beardmore, George
McQuay, C. G. Marlatt, Geo. P. Beal.
George C. H. Lang, A. 0. Beardmore,
Charles King, A. R. Clarke, E. J. Davis.
Legislation committee — Chas. King,
S. R. Wickett, A. R. Clarke, George P.'
Beal, A. 0. Beardmore, Hon. E. J. Davis
R. M. Beal.
Transportation committee — J. C.
Breithaupt, C. G. Marlatt, S. R. Wic-
kett, John Sinclair, Geo. C. H. Lang, W.
D. Beardmore, A. 0. Beardmore, R. M.
Beal, Charles King, A. R. Clarke, E. J.
Davis. Representative to council, A. 0.
Beardmore.
WINNIPEG MACHINISTS ELECT
OFFICERS.
The International Association of Ma-
chinists, lodge 122, Winnipeg, held its
annual election of officers on Dec. 7.
Great interest was manifested and a
large proportion of the membership,
which is now upwards of 300, took part
in the proceedings. The result was as
follows : A. Sturrock, president ; S.
HoUiday, past president ; G. Johnston,
vice-president; H. F. McDonald, rcconl-
ing secretary ; D. McCallum, financial
secretary; A. Robertson, treasurer;
S. Miller, constructor ; C. Cross, sen-
tinel ; E. McGrath, R. F. Shore, and D
McCallum, delegates to trades and labor
council ; S. HoUiday, J. Muir and E.
Emerson, delegates to federated trades
council. A committee consisting of H.
F. Macdonald, S. Miller, H. M. McGre-
gor, A. Young, J. Addison, W. Patter.
son, D. McCulloch, and J. C. Mountjoy,
was appointed to make arrangements (or
the annual entertainment which will be
held early in 1911.
TORONTO MACHINISTS ELECT
OFFICERS.
Toronto Lodge 235 of tlie International
Association of Machinists elected officers
tor 1911 as follows : President, W. Ha-
gan ; vice-president, J . Wapbott ; re-
cording secretary, R. McDonald ; finan-
cial secretary, T. A. White ; treasurer,
W. Dill ; conductor, Wra. Gravell ; inside
sentinel, E. Cole ; executive committee,
J. McXaulty, Newton Henders, T. Bur-
gess, J. Blugerman ; auditors, D. Mont-
gomery and W. Singer ; trustee, Thomas
Walsh ; business agent, L. H. Gibbons.
The general solution of the problem
of industrial education mus't be by
means of public industrial schools,
where such fundamentals will be taught
as will prepare boys and girls for the
industries of the surrounding territory
—remembering that the aim and end of
all education is to train men and wo-
men to thiak.
POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION
For Manufacturers. Cost and Elfficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.
BELT PULLEYS.
By Peter Bain, M.E.
T N the selection of power transmission
■* equipment, much consideration is
pven to power saving ; but while tho
prospective buyer is sacrificing time
and money, investigating the more or
less expensive devices that come under
this head, he invariably overloolcs the
^eat saving that can be effected by a
careful selection of pulleys.
Pulley Factors.
In determining what pulleys are best
to use in any equipment, the factors of
windage, weight, balance, belt contact,
powerful compression to avoid fceyseat-
ing of shaft, and convenience of handl-
ing, should have prime consideration,
as affecting economy of power in subse-
quent service. A choice of pulleys which
fulfills these requirements may mean a
somewhat higher initial outlay, when
compared to a choice made without re-
gard to anything, save suitability of
diameter, pace, hose, etc., but will
mean annually, however, a much re-
duced operating cvpenso in comparison.
To save much time and annoyance
later, it is advisable to have all pulleys
in halves, facilitating as it does, re-
placements often hurriedly required.
Comparison of Pnlleys.
Pulleys as manufactured, are of cast
iron, wrought iron, mild steel, wood and
iron or steel in combination with wood,
the shaft bushing perhaps being more
or less common to all. Iron pulleys of
all kinds show a distinct loss of power,
when compared with those in wood, due
to belt slippage, and amounting in ac-
cordance with test and experiment to
as much as 50 p.c. Wrought iron or
steel pulleys with perforated rims do
not .show so unfavorably as those in
cast iron. For good belt contact, min-
imum slippage, ■ and least power ab-
sorbed without re<;ourse to belt drcs.s-
ings to secure adhesion, the wood rim
is to be commended.
Belt dressinsf should only be used to
keep belts pliable, and not to keep
them from slipping. Its use for other
than the former purpose, .shows faulty
installation and want of attention on
the user's part.
Cast iron pulleys again arc objection-
able on account of weight, and require
in this respect, compared with wood
pulleys, more power to operate, whilo
as favorably placed regarding wind-
age. Wrought iron pulleys while light,
and attractive as regards windage, do
not give satisfactory balance, especially
when split, and are not on the same
plane as a properly designed wood
pulley.
It must of course be borne in mind
that there are good and bad features in
wood pulleys. Belt contact, reduced
weight, and facility of handling, are
generally speaking strong points in their
favor, but unless at least the equiva-
lent windage of a well designed cast
iron pulley be had, the other gains
may be almost all offset. The properly
de.signed wood pulley should be the
equal of other types in their best fea-
tures, and their superior otherwise.
Windage.
An absence of windage is not always
a feature of wood pulleys, a circum-
stance unfavorable to their more uni-
versal adoption, and responsible tor
their career being prematurely closed in
many installations. The elimination of
this difficulty is not insurmountable,
and already much has been done, so
much in fact, as to bring the wood
pulley windage on a par at least with
that of the best in cast iron pulley de-
-sign, and putting it in a cla-ss by itself
for cheap operating cost in power trans-
mission, with an ultimate influencing of
its larger adoption. The improvement
necessary in the reduction or absence of
windage in wood pulleys, lies in the
arm attachment between rim and hub.
To get equal results, the arms should
be of a shape corresponding to those
of cast iron or somewhat similar, the
material light, rigid, reliable, and at-
tached securely to rim and hubs. Arms
of cold drawn seamless steel tubing,
pressed into ribbed form, and forced
'into a taper hole on bases of a mallea-
ble iron hub, these upset and headed
over on end, constitute a fastening
which has come under the writer's
notice as having much to recemmend
it. The arm and rim attachment is
housed v\'!thin the rim, n^i cohsists of
a saddle piece ombracirfg the flattened
end of arm, and fastened to it by steel
pins driven into rim.
Belt Pulley Speeds.
The wood pulley has advantage over
tho.se of iron or steel, in that it can be
run at a much higher speed, ordinarily
three times as fast, while experience
shows that it is impracticable to run
pulleys of iron or steel for mill and
factory purposes at greater rim speed
than five to six thousand feet per min-
ute, roughly one mile per minute. As
showing what can be done, a wood rim
pulley with iron spider has recently
been made and tested by the Dodge
Mfg. Co., to run safely at five and one-
half miles per minute. Such a result is
intensely interesting, and serves to
emphasize the benefits to be derived
from a more extensive use of well de-
signed wood pulley equipment.
Shaft Attachment.
The shaft attachment of pulleys is a
matter of some importance, necessitat-
ing as it does, the cutting of the key-
ways, the use of set screws, or reliance
on the compression of the bushing
alone.
Solid cast iron pulleys invariably re-
quire keyseating of the shaft, the only
exception being for very light loads.
No keyseating means a reduction of out-
lay, a rapid convenient attachment, and
an unimpaired shaft strength. It must
never be forgotten that keyseating a
shaft reduces its strength at that
point, and in the case of cold rolled
shafting, much of which is used in
power transmission, and which depends
on its unbroken surface for mainten-
ance of comparative strength, keyseat-
ing is highly detrimental, placing it
inferior to turned shafting under the
same treatment.
Hurry jobs call for easy yet effective
fixings, and cold rolled shafting and
keyless pulleys do much to help out
awkward situations.
Hub Bushings.
Cast iron bushings with large bear-
ing surface are best adapted for all
pulleys, because when properly com-
pressed, they exert a positive contact
with the shaft. The adaptability to
compression depends much on the elas-
ticity of the hub material, and a mal-
leable iron hub, light yet strong,
seems to give with the cast iron bu.sh-
ing, results hard to surpass in the mat-
ter of keyless shaft attachment.
Conclusions.
The belt pulley question is of wide
interest, and does not have that impor-
tance in the estimation of large and
small users (the latter^ particularly")
that it should. With the various man-
ufacturers there lies the looked for im-
provement in pulley development, which
will give the user a highly efficient ser-
vice and convenience, leaving first cost
if high, to be justified by ultimate
operating results.
G. P. & H. ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE.
'T^HE accompanying illustrations sliow
■^ two views of the n«w electric loco-
motive recently purchased by tlie (Salt,
Preston and Hespeler Street Kailway Co.
This company operates some 30 cars on
a standard gauge interurban line, 21
miles in length, connecting the above
points with the towns of Freeport, Cen-
freville, Berlin and Waterloo. The
power station and repair shops are lo-
cated at Preston. The railway traverses
tig. 1 — Kleitiii; Locomotive.
a farming country and does a thriving
business in both loeal and through pas-
senger and freight service.
Several years sinee the G. P. & H.
Ry. Co. purchased from the Westing-
house Electric & Mfg. Co. a quadruple
equipment, consisting of four No. 9.3-A
direct-current motors with a nominal
rating of GO h.p. each at 600 volts, for
a locomotive similar to the one shown,
but of smaller capacity. Its operation
has been eminently satisfactory in every
respect and the recent order for a
larger locomotive of the same general
characteristics argues strongly for the
excellence of d'esign and low mainten-
ance charges of this type of slow si>eed
freight locomotive.
Much has been said about the imprac-
ticability of electric freight haulage but
the steadily increasing sales of slow
speed electric locomotives especially de-
signed for freight service and the invari-
ably favorable reports of operation is
affirmative evidence of the most force-
ful nature. There are many interur'ban
electric roads tapping sparsely settled
farming districts and outlying towns
not favorably located on main steam
trunk lines, which could develop a high)'
profitable express and freight frafp-
with the aid of a suitable electric loco-
motive.
The (i. P. & H. locomotive shown was
built by the Baldwin Locomotive Co.,
and the complete electrical equipment
furnished by the Westinghouse Electric
& Mfg. Co., Pittsburg. It is designed
for the standard 4 ft. 8J in. gauge and
provided with double swivel trucks. The
wheel "base is 29 feet and the overall
dimension 36 feet and it weighs com-
plete, 300,000 pounds. The gear ratio of
16..")7 gives a normal speed of 8.25 m.p.h.
at which speed a tractive effort of 18,-
200 lbs. is developed. The maximum
CANADIAN MACHINERY
tractive effort is 25,000 lbs. The loco-
motive carries a quadruple equipment
consisting of four No. 308-B-2 interp»)le
direct cuirent railway motors having a
nominal rating of 100 h.p. each, or a
total of 400 h.p. at 600 volts. These
motors are fitted with special windings
adapting them particularly for slow
speed locomotive service. Stand'ard
nose suspension is used.
The Westinghouse unit switch control
was provided. Two master controllers
are supplied one in each end of the
cab. These controllers carry only the
very small current from a storage bat-
tery, for exciting the electro-magneti-
oally actuated needle valve which admits
air at 70 lbs. pressure to the air cylin-
ders of the unit switch. The action of
each switch is therefore positive and in-
dependertt of fluctuations of the line
voltage. It not infrequently happens on
interurban and stubend lines that the
voltage at points far dis'tant from trol-
ley feedei's is as low as 200 volts when
the motors are in operation. Under
such extreme or even less severe condi-
tions solenoid operated contractors, de-
pending upon the line voltage for their
contact pressure, are very apt to give
necossary therefore to cut the IC in.
water main, which was suKpendcd un-
derneath the bridge.
Instead of adopting the old methods
of cutting the pipe with a bard chisel,
or boring a number of holes and then
sawing it through, the task was ac-
complished by means of an oxy-acetylene
flame. The Davis-Boumonville system
was used under the direction of Mr.
Fennel. When the flame was turned on
the g-inch metal it rapidly bit into it.
This operation was complotod inside of
fifteen minutes. A second cutting had
to be made some eighteen inches fur-
ther back to take off a .-lection of the
pipe, to prevent it catching on thii
abutments when the bridge was moved.
The operation had to be conducted at
both ends of the bridge, and the whole
work was accomplished in'<ide an hour.
AIR HEADER.
The accompanying cut shows a con-
venient form of header for use in dis-
tributing compressed air from air mains,
where the numlier of tools at any par-
ticular spot are more than two or three.
Air Header.
trouble due to looseness and arcing at
the contacts. With air operated swit-
ches all such possibilities are eliminated
and the greatest reliability under all
conditions assured.
Fig. 2 shows this locomotive hauling
a loaded train weighing 1,040 tons on
the experimental tracks of the Westing-
house Co., near Tralford City, Pa. This
was the heaviest load available at the
This header permits of eight lines of
hose being taken off from the one spot,
and is a device found very convenient
in the shop and yards of the Colling-
wood Shipbuilding Co., CoUingwood.
Ont., especially when constructing the
boat on the ways, as a multitude of
pneumatic hammers, and drills are in
use.
Pipe A is connected by a T to the
Kig-. 2 — Electric Ijocomotlve, with Normal Uraw Load.
time, thougii it was evident that under
similar conditions the locomotive would
have handled a 2.000 ton train with
equal ease.
OXY-ACETYLENE CUTTING.
Recently the bridge over the Don
river, Toronto, was moved to make
room for another structure. It was
air main. The header itself, B, is a
cast iron body with two sets of holes
at right angles, staggered, thus facilitat-
ing hose connections. From each of
these eight bosses on the header, the
hose pipes lead out, with an indepen-
dent valve, C, on each. The pipe A
may be given a valve as well, permitting
of the shutting off of the whole head.
CA>iADtAfJ MACtttNfeftV
GnadianMachinery
^^ MAS.UFACTURING NEWS-^
A maotfaly newipaper devoted to machinery and manufacturint interests
aMChanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, ccostruction
and improraBient. and to all usets of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rieity. compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHS BAYSE MACLEAN. Presidtnt W. L. EDMONDS. VicsPrtiidnt
H V TYRRELL, Toronto Business Manager
g'c' KEITH, ME., B.Sc, Toronto MsnsKlai Editor
PETER BAIN, M.E., Toronto
Associate Editor
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FRANCE
Paris John F. Jones & Co.,
31bis, Faubourg Montmartre,
Paris, France
Vol. VII.
January, 1911
No. 1
EFFICIiafCY OF RAILROAD SHOPS.
Discussing the paper on ' ' ilodern Macliiue Tool Prac-
tice for Maximum Production," read before the Central
Kailway and Engineering Club, C. A, Jeft'eris, General
Superintendent o£ Consumers' tias Co., Toronto, said
that the mechanic in the ordinary small shop was not as
fully acquainted with the developments in machine tools
and high speed steels as th* one employed in a railroad
shop. This is a very important statement in view of the
fact that the daily papers and others would have us be-
lieve that the railroads are wasteful, uneconomical and
unscientific. Supporting this latter view, Louis D. Bran-
deis, representing the eastern shippers before the Inter-
state Commerce Commission, declared the railroad meth-
ods lacked technical skill and scieutiiic accuracy, that by
the application of these the cost of operation would be
enormously reduced. The rigid economy of scientific
methods forced upon ordinary industries by the pressure
of competition, has not, according to Mr. Brandeis, de-
veloped among the railways to a proportionate extent.
The argument can be answered by one of his own
references. He cited the case of the Santa Fe railroad,
giving figures showing that in six years a saving of $5,-
800,000 was effected by improvements in methods.
The Santa Fe railroad is a most progressive one, as
are also such railroads as the New York Central, Canad-
ian Pacific and Urand Trunk railroads. As for the car,
locomotive and repair shops of these railroads, the
methods are both scientific and economical. Men are
technically trained under the supervision of the com-
panies. Apprenticeship systems with educational classes
are features of the four above mentioned railroads. The
result is that railroad practice is modern in every par-
tie niar.
When high speed steel was introduced the railroads
were among the first to take hold of it. The machine
tool* used in railroad shop practice have developed to
such an extent that the companies are waiting for fiom«
srenius of the Taylor type to develop a still better steel
llmn that with which we are now acquainted. The rail-
road shops of the G. T. R. at Stratford, Ont., and Battle
Creek. Mich., and tlie C. P. R. Angus shops at Montreal
arc examples of the result of trained minds seeking the
best shops and equipment procurable.
While the railroads are not responsible for all the
improvements in machine tools, still the manufacturer
u.^ina: metal working machinery should keep watch on the
methods of the railroads. They are always ready to give
anyone desiring it the benefit of their experiences. In
almost every issue of Canadian Machinery railroad shop
methods are given, showing the trend of modern practice
ill railroad shops. While the various industries have
been making improvements, the railroad shops, too, have
been keeping pace with the advances in the mechanical
field.
COMMON COURTESY.
That common courtesy pays is beyond a doubt, whether
in the shop or office. The apprentice and workman owes
it to his foreman as also does the foreman to those under
him. A foreman is responsible to the management for
the workmanship and behavior of the employes. His in-
structions should be carried out carefully. The foreman
IS the medium through which a workman secures advance-
ment, and be sure he will assist the man who is square
and courteous to him.
Then the management will secure' loyal foremen and
workmen by being courteous to the employes. They must
depend on the men to turn out good work, and when
treated with consideration, the management need never
be ashamed of the workmanship.
There is still another point. Those entrusted with
correspondence should be courteous. Brevity is being
aimed at in all business correspondence, but do not let
the shortness of the letter prevent it being courteous.
A letter should be written so that a favorable impression
is at once created. Be sure a study of common courtesy
in letters will result in making friends and securing
business.
HEALTH AND CARE OF EMPLOYES.
The health of employes in manufacturing establish-
ments constitutes a factor in economical production which
is highly worthy of consideration. The workman who
iuis to be absent a part of the time because of bodily ail-.
ment must necessarily upset shop routine; if his work
is highly specialized, so that it is difficult to fill his
place temporarily, the result may be serious in disturb-
ing the balance of manufacturing. Even if a man con-
tinues his employment despite impaired health his use-
fulness depreciates perceptibly.
Progress in shop sanitation has of late been rapid,
(iood light, ample ventilation, better heating apparatus
and approved toilet conveniences have been carefully
provided. Manufacturers have kept pace with the gen-
eral movement to better the condition of those whose
rlays must be spent in factories. Environments have
been made satisfactory in most trades, and reading, rest
and lunch rooms have been provided.
An excellent beginning in the direction of looking
after the health is being made in the public schools by
instruction in the hygiene of the body and by a system
of medical and dental inspection. Many cities employ
physicians to inspect the schools regularly for cases of
CANADIAN MACHINERY
sickTiess, defective hearing and sight, etc. In a few places
high class dentists are provided to make compulsory ex-
amination of the teeth of children and to furnish treat-
ment free of charge or at small cost. If this system
spreads through the country, as it is believed it will, the
workman will be blessed. It is advocated that the edu-
cation of employees, especially of young persons, in this
direction would bear profitable fruit.
In a small way this sort of work is aready going on.
The foreman who takes an interest in those under him
will advise skilled treatment for any trouble that comes
to his attention, especially if it causes the employe to
lose time. It is confidently prophesied that the sroneral
modern movement will go much farther than the point it
has now reached, as the employer assumes a more direct
interest in his working people, impelled by the combined
motives of human kindness and the practical business
advantage that comes with the services of employes in
the full possession of their health. If this condition is
brought about it will be but following along the same
line as that of the shop surgeon of the present day. a
side of industrial management which is becoming common,
and which is supplemented in large works by well equip-
ped private hospitals. Already in the United States,
says The Iron Age, there has grown out of this practice
the employment of a regular shop physician who looks
after employes when they are ill as well as when they
have been injured. The best of the cotton mills of the
South are said to have adopted this system as a most im-
portant element in keeping together their communities of
workers.
There is also the work to the injured. In a number
of Canadian industries branches of the St. John's Am-
bulance Association have been formed. On December 21 .
1910, an Ontario branch of this association was instituted,
a Dominion branch having been formed Feb., 1910.
Branches have been organized in the east and western
branches will now be formed.
A branch of this association was orsranized some years
ago in the works of the John Bertram & Sons Co., Dundas.
and in the C. P. R. Angus Shops, Montreal. In the latter
shop it has been found to work so satisfactorily in givins:
first aid to the injured, that it is being extended along
the whole system from coast to coast. S. A. Gidlow, the
general secretary, has been establish! n? classes in the
various shops with this in view. The objects of the
association as pointed out in Canadian Machinery some
months ago are: — Instruction in "first aid," and prompt
assistance to those suffering from accident or sudden ill-
ness, instruction in the use of stretchers, hygiene, sanita-
loyal, contented, healthy employes, who will serve the
employer faithfully and with the best of his ability.
-♦-
tion and relief of sick and injured.
Special attention is paid to accidents in the shops.
During the six months endinsr July 31st last there were
2,033 industrial accidents officially reported in Canada,
6.56 of which were fatal. There are in Canada annually
3,000 deaths from accident, and it is estimated that there
are 17,000 accidents which are not fatal. There is no
doubt that many lives would be saved, much sufferin?
lessened if the principles of first aid to the injured were
generally known, and good use made of the precious
minutes before the doctor arrives.
The whole matter is a question of shop economies.
It is certainly to the advantasre of industrial establish-
ments to have contented, healthy men employed. And
when accidents do occur, as they will sometimes in the
best shops, the saving of the life of an employe or the
giving of first aid assistance which will hasten his recovery
aii'l retBFR to work, will nnodubtedly help in making
HAVi: SUFFICIENT EQUIPMENT.
The writer entered a good sized shop recently, and as
he passed through the shop he heard one workman greet
another: "Say, Bill, let me use your vise a minute."
Investigation showed that all the vises were constantly
in use, and that there was considerable changing aronnd
to allow another to use a vise.
It would be interesting to calculate the cost of keep-
ing men standing around waiting for a vise while another
used it. It would not take many days' savings to pav
for that vise. By not providins sufficient the price of
quite a number will be lost in a year.
The question of wasted time should always be kept
in mind. A careful study should be made of the require-
ments, and in the selection of a number of vises, or in
the choosing of drills or other machinery, the elimination
of unnecessary waste in the handling of work should b?
kept constantly in mind. It will be found, if this is done.
Iliat the cost of production will be greatly lowered.
TOPICS OF THE MONTH.
From time to time we receive letters from friends of
Canadian Machinery telling how Canadian Machinery
had' helped them. Our circulation representatives ar»
met courteously and assisted in intpiesting others in the
paper. As an instance of the usefulness of Canadian
Machinery to superintendents and foremen, we cite the
following :
A foreman in one of Brantford's up-to-date machine
shoi>s told a represntative that he found Canadian Ma-
chinery invaluable. In order to illustrate how he made
use of the paper, he described a job somewhat out of the
ordinary, that came into the shop recently. He remem-
bered seeing a similar job described in Canadian Ma-
chinery some time before, and as he kept a file of them,
he readily hunted up the article which was in the
"Methods and Devices" Department, and completed the
work without difficulty.
• ••'••
Beginning with the present issue of Canadian Ma-
chinery, a series of articles will appear monthly, touchine
the selection, installation, operation and efficiency of
power transmission equipment. Every effort will be put
forth to make the treatment of the various subjects po-
pular and helpful to our wide circle of readers, users and
operators. Power transmission is inseparably connected
with manufactures of every description, and has in conse-
quence a large claim to attention. The subject this' month
is "Belt Pulleys." to be followed in our February num-
ber bv Rah on "Belts and Belt Drives."
SEASON'S GREETINGS.
IN the year that has passed we have made many
new friends among superintendents, master
mechanics, foremen, students and men interest-
ed in mechanical pursuits. Old friendships, too.
have been strongly cemented, and we take this
.opportunity of expressing our cordial wish that
the New Year on which we have entered may bring
you great happiness and unlimited prosperity.
The Editors and Managers.
January 1, 1911.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
SKELETON AND SWEEP PATTERNS
By F. S. Ciibbige.
When only one casting or a very few
eastings are required, a skeleton pattern
is used or the mold is swept up by means
of sweeps.
In Fig. 1 a skeleton pattern for a pipe
bend is represented. 'First two boards
are sawn out the sh'ape of the pipe, and
extending past the flanges to include the
core prints, these pieces are doweled to-
gether, then circular pieces are sawn out
to make up the diameter of tlie pipe
at from 2 jn. to 8 in. apart along the
full length of the pipe and core prints.
The flanges b b are cut out to fit over
the boards a a. A strike or strickle is
made the diameter of the pipe for the
body, and one smaller in diameter to suit
the core prints. The molder completes
the pattern by filling in between the cir-
cular pieces c c c, with green S'and and
striking off any projecting portions of
sand by means of the strickle D, and
covering it with parting sand and tlien
it is ready to be used as an ordinary
wood pattern.
The core for the skeleton pattern is
generally just swept up with a strickle,
using a flat board cut out parallel to the
1 F G
Fig. 1 — Skeleton mid Sweep Patterns.
inside of pipe and strickle cut out to the
diameter of the core. The board is fast-
ened to the core plate and the core sand
built on the plate so that it may be
sirickied, as shown at c, Fig. 1.
When making a skeleton patttern and
Core frame for a straight piece of pipe,
the pattern is made on the principle
shown in Fig. 1. a, but the core frame
is generally made as shown in Fig. 1, f,
and a straight strickle used over the ilialf-
cireles g g. making one-half core at a
time on a core plate.
When a boss or small inlet or outlet
is required, a piece is turned the requir-
ed shape 'and is secured to the circular
pieces on pattern at the place where it is
wanted and the green sand tilled in under
it between the sections. Or if an inlet
or outlet piece is required on the inside
of the pipe a straight piece is screwed
to the ends g g, and the boss or pipe in-
let or outlet, as it may be, is secured to
it and the core built up and striekleil
tlie same as previously described.
In making very large pulleys or fly-
wheels, they are very often swept up by
means of sweeps, the arms and hubs be-
ing made in a core box.
Take a pulley having six arms, as
shown in Fig. 2, a core box is first made
for the arms. Tliis box must be at least
six inches wide, as it requires 6 in. for the
one-sixth part of hub, which is included
in the core box, as shown at c, Fi.2:.2 (b)
D being half of pulley arm.
It is next necessary to make a section
of the rim of the pulley about 2 to 3 ft.
long, the flauges E E, Fig. 2 A being
screwed on. Two pieces of 1 in. stutT
about 4 in. wide are then secured to rim
segment, as .shown in elevation. Fig. 2
(D). The distance f being the radius
of the pulley required. In molding this
pulley the molder first sweeps up a flat
bed. a hub 12 in. diani, and 21/2 in. deep
is then placed in the centre and the sand
built up around it, out to within about
6 in. of the outside diam. of wheel and
swept level, then the liub is drawn out
and the arm cores are set on the green
sand, the two half-eores to make a com-
plete arm having been pasted together.
A spindle or shaft is next driven into
the centre of the mold, to be used as a
iruide to us© sweep (D) Fig. 2, the sweep
being connected to spindle by means of
the hole H in strips E E. Fig. 2 (D).
The sweep is then set in position and
the sand rammed in from the sweep
segment to the hivb of pulley and up to
the top of sweep at rim and to top of
arm cores at centre of mold, then the
sweep is moved its own length, less an
inch or so around, and the operation re-
peated until t'he inside is rammed up
and then the pieces E E are removed and
the sand rammed up all around the out-
side. The sweep pattern and spindle are
then drawn out and eake cores set all
around the top of the rim and a core to
form the top of hub is made and set on
and the mold is finished. Of course, thi"
molder has to make his own provision
for gating and venting, etc., but as we
.::£.
'1
/A-
J
-^ 0'
I'-ig.
-Skeleton and Sweep Patterns.
are only considering pattern work we
will leave that part alone.
VANADIUM STEELS IN LOCOMO-
TIVE PRACTICE.
Several foundries are now speoializinfj
on vanadium steel castings for locomo-
ttive work, and in the past three years
have turned out a large tonnage not
only for frames, but for driving wheel
centres, cross heads, cylinders, and
other parts in which dynamic strength
is particularly desired.
Several of the large railroad systems
specified several years ago vanadium
oast steel frames in a small way tor
trial, and arc now specifying it as a
standard on all new equipment. Another
large system had much trouble from
front end failures, but is said to have
overcome the difficulty by substituting
vanadium cast steel front ends with
change of section.
One of the large railroad systems of
this country was having an excessive
number of failures of wrought iron
frames and the shops were with diffi-
culty keeping the engines in cgnunission.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
It was decided to replace sections of
the wrought iron frames in the zone of
breakag-e by piecss of vanadium cast
steel wolded into place. It is said that
these j>arts never broka, but that in the
same frames breaks subsequently oc-
curred in the oriiE^inal wrought iron
portion. Other vanadium steel sections
were then welded in, and gave no
trouble. It was later decided to make
the entire frame of vanadium cast
steel, and the service from these frames
was so satisfactory that for new loco-
motives vanadium cast steel frames
were specified.
INJURIES AND DISEASES OF
MOLDERS.
The Giesserei Zeitung di-scusses the
possibility of injuries that lie in the
tapping of furnaces, transporting and
pouring of molten metal, spattering and
sputtering of metal, and in the breaking
of cranes, conveying apparatus and
cleaning of castings. The article has
been translated by Castings and is re-
produced herewith. If molds are not
dried sufficiently, possibility of explos-
ion enters in touching molten iron with
water. This is increased by the poor
lighting found in so many foundries,
and the fact that near closing time more
haste and less care is used by workmen.
Blowing powdered carbon and coal dust
on molds, envelops workmen in coal
dust, while cleaners are surrounded by
clouds of burned sand and coal dust or
carbon when cleaning castings.
There is also the formation of gases
near cupolas and influence of heat radi-
ation. The cupola gases contain from 15
to 17 per cent. CO, and 10 to 15 per
cent, carbonic acid. Usually cupolas lie
at an outer wall of foundrj, and the
tapping hole is inside of shop, charging
door is outside and a little higher.
Charging should never be done directly,
as insufficient ventilation and escape of
gases may cause diseases through the
poisonous gases. If in such an aitmos-
phere the workman has to carry heavy
charges, due to lack of mechanical con-
veyors, his vitality to resist these gases
is lowered to the danger limit.
To avoid inhalation of dust in clean-
ing castings, a sand-blast with suction
device is best for use. With very large
castings a pneumatic scraper might be
used instead. In either case, suction de-
vices should be near cleaning tables to
suck in dust at once. ■
Statistics for pourers and molders in
German foundries show that from 40 to
50 per cent, suffer from diseases.
Among these are diphtheria, tonsilitis,
acute rheumatism, heart diseases, acute
indigestion, acute and chronic bron-
chitis, and tuberculosis. Besides, they
show a larger number of sufferers from
eye troubles, bums, poisonings and kid-
nay diseases. The death rate is not
quite as high; causes aside from tuber-
culosis, being chronic kidney diseases
and suicide.
In preventing burns on the feet the
foot-gear plays the main role. Out of
247 eases of burns due to molten metal,
J)8.7 per cent, went on laced shoes, and
1C.6 per cent, on low shoes.
Sommerfeld in his investigations
found that out of 100 Ideaths and sick-
nesses in foundry workers, 62.5 per cent,
came on organs of respiration of the
pourers, 60 per cent, of cleaners. The
average age of the former is 45.9 years,
of the latter 48 years, showing' both
branches of foundry work to be equally
unhealthy.
Rooms for cleaning castings should be
lofty, light, broad, artificially ventilated.
In winter the room for molders should
be heated, as they are especially e.xposed
to colds, handling cold and wet material.
A number of accidents can be lowered
if molds are not placed too closely and
enough space is left between them for
passage. Cleanei-s should wear masks or
at least protection goggles. Where no
suction is provided in cleaning of cast-
ings, workmen should have small res-
pirators to prevent lungs from inhaling
dust Frequent use of soap and water
should also be impressed on workmen
PNEUMATIC TESTS OF PIPE.*
By William R. Conrad.
J^AST spring two separate corpora-
tions wishing to put in some pipe
lines that would be absolutely tight when
laid and in service, ordered from two
separate manufacturers a quantity of
cast iron pipe, each purchaser specifying
in addition to the usual hydrostatic "tes't
that each pipe be carefully tested with
air. compressed to .50 pounds per square
inch, and that while under this pressure
soap and water suds be applied so as to
reveal open or porous iron or defects
which the hydraulic test had not de-
veloped. Because of this additional test
and it being known that air will, when
compressed, work through metals more
rapidly than water, it was determined
by the manufacturers to use nothing but
the best grades of iron that would give
a close and uniform texture.
The results were that in one ease there
were 4,954 pipes tested either hydrosta-
tically or pneumatically; of this number
27 leaked under hydraulic pressuiv and
272 leaked under pneumatic pressure.
those leaking under pneumatic pressure
Iiaving already passed the hydraulic
test; this makes a percentage of leaks
of the whole quantity tested 0.545 of 1
per cent, for the hydraulic and' approxi-
mately 5.5 per cent, for the pneumatic,
* Paper read before Central States Water Works
Association by William R. Conrad. Burlinsrton, N.J.
or shgihtly over 6 per cent, for the Iwo
test«. In the other case there were 2,-
737 pipes tested, of which 14 leaked un-
der hydraulic and 186 leaked under pneu-
matic pressure, (he pen^entage fceing
U..>]1 of 1 per cenl. for the hydraulin
and approximately 6.8 per cent, for the
pneumatic, or about 7.3 for both. Ana-
l.yzing further, you will notice t-hat the
percentage of hydraulic leaks to the to-
tal number was but about 6.2 per cent
of the total number of leaks, taking both
.lobs together. This proportion, however,
would undoubtedly have been more even-
ly divided had the hydraulic pressure in
testing been maintained for a longer
period of time per pipe, for. as previous-
l.v stated, air compressed will find its
way through open or porous metal more
■apidly than water compressed, but in
view of the fact that all of the pipes
were to be subjected to an air test subse-
quent to the hydraulic, both manufactur-
ers depended more on developing leaks
with the air than with the water. While
It IS true that both lots of pipe were laid
for the purpose of carrying gas, the writ-
er believes that in these days when the
tendency is with all waterworks to
operate as economically as possible and
with as little loss of the commodity be-
ing dealt in, for the purpose of conserv-
ing the supplies already in use to their
fullent extent before looking for new
sources, or in considering the most eco-
nomical way of conserving new sources
of supply which are being considered, we
should all consider seriously whether re-
quiring a longer hydrostatic test, or in
addition to the hydrostatic a pneumatic
test of the pipe we purchase and lay,
would not be goodi economy, even at the
risk of having to pay slightly more for
our material. In other words, whether
the be.-!t is none too good, both in ma-
terial and in laying, while the first cost
may seem high will it not eflPeet economies
of both operation and commwlity that
will eventually prove considerable of a
saving?
The Mechahical World states that alu-
minum may be etched by the following
etching fiuid ; alcohol, 4 ounces : acetic
acid, 6 ounces ; antimony chloride, 4
ounces, and water, 40 ounces.
Don't fail to clean away all dirt and
t^hips before screwing a chuck or face-
plate on the lathe, and it the screw is
dry, put on a tew drops of oil.
A rust-proofing process for iron and
steel, called Coslettisimr, c':;i.i.«is in
boiling the articles to be treated in a
solution of 1 gallon of water, I ounces
of phosphoric acid and 1 ounce of iron
filings. By this means a black coating
is produced on the iron or steel surface
which protects it from atmospheric or
other corrosive influences.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
EUtablishnient or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.
Foundry uid MBchinr Sbop.
MONTREAIt— Two blocks have been cleared
for the erection of the Canadian Tube & Iron
Company's works. This company is capital-
lied at $1,000,000. The intention Is to have
the first storey completed by early summer
next year, and at once some machinery will
t>e installed and manufacturing will start,
while the rest of the building is being com-
pleted. When the whole works are in opera-
tion 400 or more men will be employed.
•TORONTi) — The Pominion Gasoline Engine
Co. has been Incorporated, with head office
here. The capital is ?75.000, and the pro-
visional directors are: A. X. Morine, R. H.
Whitewny. M. Yetmnn. G. X. Shaver and G.
G. Paulln.
WALKERVILLE — The Qramm Motor-
truck Co., recently incoroporated for $100.-
000. arc making complete motor trucks here.
The plant of the Gramra Motor-truck Com-
pany of Canada comprises some 30,000 square
feet of space, and the company owns ad-
ditional adjacent land in the best locality
in Walkervllle, which will be called into
requisition as conditions warrant. The
President of the ccmpany is H. W. Acason.
who Is also Vice-President of the Walker-
vllle Carriage Goods Co., and a member of
the firm of Acason, Galusha & Rudd, makers
of automobile tops and trimmings. John
V. Carr, Vice-President; I. K. Webster, Sec-
reury and Treasurer. P. H. Galusha, the
general nmnager, is also president of tbe
Walkervllle Carriage Goods Co., and one of
the firm of Acason, Galusha & Rudd.
MONTREAL— The National Acme Co. are
Installing Chapman double ball bearings in
their new plant here, and also In the Crown
Laundry.
TILLSONBURG, Ont.— Gaskell & Co., re-
cently from England, have purchased the ma-
chine shop and foundry of H. F. McCrea. It
is the intention of the new comp.iny to do
general repairing, and also manufacture some
general lines, when they become better ac-
quainted with the requirements of the coun-
try. Mr. McCrea Is retiring from active
work. He has been a reader of Canadian
Machinery for many years and has renewed
bis subscription, because he still wants to
keep In touch with Canadian maoufactui-ing
Interests.
SUDBURY, Ont.— The Sudbury Construc-
tion & Machine Co. are building an addition
to their plant to be used as a foundry. This
company manufactures mining machinery.
8AULT STE. MARIE.— The Northern
Foundry & Machine Co. have completed their
new blacksmith shop and foundry which re-
place those destroyed by Are some time :iso.
The plant has been fully equipped for the
manufacture of boilers, etc.
FORT WILLIAM, Ont.— The various foun-
dries and machine shops are busy with con-
tracts for the C.P.R. and C.N.R. The Cana-
dian Iron Corporation have 300 men employed
and are running to their full capacity.
METEGHAX RIVER. N.S.— J. P. Robl-
cbaud is building a foundry and machine
shop here.
8ARNIA, Ont.— The J. B. Hicks Gas Engine
Co. will establish a works here subject to the
ratepayers authorizing a grant of $5,000 to
the company.
MONTREAL. Que.— The Lightning Furnace
Co., which has taken over the assets and
hnsiness of tlie Compagnie de la Fournalse
L'Eclalr. will establish a foundry for the
manufacture of furnaces and implements con-
ne<-te<l therewith.
HALIFAX, X.S.— At a meeting of the share-
holders of the Sllllker Car Co., held In Hali-
fax, on December 6, it was decided to accept
the amended offer of F. It. McCurdy to pur-
■■hase the assets and business. The offer in-
clndes an nndertaklng to put $800,000 new
capital in the business. The McCurdy Inter-
mits will purchase $000,000 of the first pre-
ferred 7 per cent, stock.
HAMILTON. Ont. — The Dominion Power
ftTransmission Co. announced on Dec. 15 that
It would spend $100,000 on new sub-stations
in this city. $220,000 on new works at De<-ew
Falls Development plant and $.30,000 oti new
cam for saborbaq trafOc,
PORT ARTHUR, Ont.— The municipal
authorities have now under consideration pro-
posals for the establishing of new industries
involving a capital outlay of $1,400,000. H. S.
.lones, of Winnipeg proposes to build and
operate car works. The plant Is to cost $400.-
000. A free site of 15 acres is asked. A
prominent American manufacturer is asking
consideration for a project to put up auto-
moMle works there to cost $500,000. A foun-
dry project in connection with the local blast
fiunncc is also the subject of negotiation.
Mr. Jones' plant would include in its output
and operations machinery, cars, railway
equipment and repairs.
LONDON, Ont. — It has been announced by
the chairman of the Ontario Hydro-EIectrlc
Commission that the machine shops of the
commission will be located in London, that
being the central point in the transmission
system.
ST. THOMAS, Ont.— -A. proposal to egtabllBh
here an industry to employ 200 hands Is be-
ing considered by the City Council. A fixed
assessment for a number of years is asked
for. Machinery is to be put in on a consider-
able scale, but no further particulars are
given out.
WELLAND. Ont.— At a meeting held here
this week it was decided by the directors of
the Niagara Falls, Dunnville, and Welland
Electric Railway Co., to expend $1,000,000 on
railroad construction account. Car barns and
machine shops are to be erected in Welland.
ROCHE POINT, B.C.— The Vancouver Dry
Doik & Shipbuilding Company will construct
a large dry dock here at a cost of $1,214,154.
Work to be started within six months and
finished by Dec. 1, 1912.
WOODSTOCK, N.B.— The machine shop In
connection with Connell's Foundry was des-
troyed by fire on November 28. Insurance
amounted to $21,000 on the entire plant, but
the loss on the part destroyed exceeds that
sum.
ST. BONIFACE, Man. — The council have
closed an agreement with the Taggart Iron
Works, of Winnipeg, by which the company
will erect a large building here, as a branch
Industry Building operations are to com-
inence within five months.
CAMPBELLTON. N.B.— The TransContin-
ontal Railway Co. plans to erect larger build-
ings here, it is reported, at an estimated cost
<if $200,000. G. Grant, of Ottawa, Is chief
engineer.
LONDON, Ont— It Is understood that the
McLaughlin Automobile Co. will erect a large
building here.
TORONTO, Ont. — The Mexican Northwest
Equipment Co.. capitalized at $200,000, has re-
ceived a federal charter. The company pur-
pose manufacturing locomotives, cars, machin-
ery and railway equipment of all kinds.
Headquarters are to he In Toronto.
WELLAND, Ont.— The Hamilton Tube Co.
ask for a fixed assessment of .$1,500 for 10
.vears on a factory and plant they propose
locating here.
ST. THOMAS. Ont. — F. Doty & Sons, of
Ooderlch. will establish n shipbuilding yard
at Port Stanley and have leased property for
that purpose. Building operations are to
commence at once. The firm will construct
large tngs and have already received con-
tracts for three such vessels.
TORONTO. Ont.— J. Wiss & Sons Co., New
,Tersey, have received a permit to manufacture
shears, scissors, razors, knives, etc.. In On-
tario, the capital used not to ex<eed $40,000.
OALT. Ont.— The R. McDougall Co., manu-
facturers of machine tools and pumps, are
enlarging their works.
C.\RLETON. N.B. — The Union Foundry Co.
propose extending their plant.
RENFREW. Ont.— Mr. McLean, of Bryson.
Que.. Is considering the establishment of a
foundrv and machine repair shop here. The
proposed industry would handle lighter and
more difficult work than Is attempted by the
ordinary foundrv, the repair work being
made a special feature.
MONTREAL. Que. — An annex to the boiler
construction shop Is being erected at the
C.P.R. Angus shops here. The new building
will be leo by IIB ft. and Is to be used for
the construction ppd repair of locopiotlvp
tendtrK
ST. CATHARINES, Out.— The McKlnnon
Chain Co. are erecting a new plant here.
OTTAWA, Ont.— The Diamond Arrow
Motor Car Co. and the Modern Machine Co.
have decided to unite their concerns. The
manufacturing will he done at the Modern
Machine Co.'s work^ which will be much en-
larged.
Electrical Notes.
PRINCE RUPERT, B.C.— As the result of
passing an electric light by-law, the sum of
.WC.OOO will be raised to pay for a civic light-
ing plant.
BROCKVILLE, Out.— Nine municipalities
were represented at a meeting held here on
Dec. 14 to discuss the hydro-electric power
question. It was decided to open negotiations
with the commission for 5,300 h.p. to be
divided among the different municipalities.
Those represented were Iroquois, Morrisburg,
Cardinal, Prescott, Lyn, Athens, Brockvllle.
Kingston and Napanee.
PORT ARTHUR, Ont.— On November 24 the
first power to come over the hydro-electric
lines from Kakabeka Falls was delivered to
this city. Only a temporary supply of 600
h. p. was given : the entire service commenced
on December 15.
BELLEVILLE, Ont.— The Electric Power
Co. Is the name of a corporation that has con-
trol of several operating power companies In
tbe Trent River district, and Is proposing
large extensions into the cities and towns of
that region.
WINNIPEG, Man.— The Canadian Carbon
Co., of Toronto, is establishing a branch fac-
tory In Winnipeg. The "Black Cap" battery
will be the main article of production.
.MONTREAL. Que.— A cable from London,
Eng., on December 14 announced the forma-
tion there of the Montreal Tramways & Pow-
er Co., with a capital stock of $20,000,000. It
is believed that the concern has been formed
to take over the Montreal Street Railway.
STRATFORD. Ont.— Among other by-laws
the ratepayers will he called to vote on one
[irovlding for the expendltnre of $41,610 for
electric light purposes.
ROLEAU, Sask.— The contract for the con-
struction of an electric light plant to cost
•500.000 will be let at an early date.
SHERBROOKE. Que— The city has de-
cided to develop power on the Magog river.
The plans prepared call for the development
of 2.600 h.p. at an estimated cost of $70,000.
Tenders are to be asked for the purchase of
the power which the city owns on the St.
Francis at Westbnry.
TORONTO, Ont.— The Western Central
Railway Co., Incorporated by the Ontario
Legislature, Is applying for n Federal charter.
It is desired to extend the electric lines
provlndally authorized between Toronto and
London to Windsor; also to establish a ferry
connection from Windsor to Detroit. '
Municipal.
ST. HTACINTHE. P.Q.— The Colonial En-
gineering Co., Montreal, have been awarded
the complete lighting and pumping equip-
ment for this city.
CHATHAM. Ont.— The ratepayers will vote
on a by-law to provide a site of 7 acres at a
price not exceeding $].,500 and a fixed low
"ssessmenf for 10 years for the Western
Bridge * Equipment Co. The company Is to
erect a $10,000 plant and spend an equal sum
for equipment.
Calgary. Alta.— The construction of an In-
cinerator Is being discussed by the citv. Es-
timated cost, $.'50,000.
SOTTRTR, Man.- Tenders for delivery during
spring and summer of mil of water pipes,
livdnints. gate valves, vnlve boxes, pig lend,
"iikuni. standard vitrified sewer pipe. etc..
will be received until Februnrv 1st 1011
PEMBROKE. Ont.— A by-law will be suh-
o'ltted to provide by way of loan the sum of
.W."«.000 for the extension of the waterworiss
system here.
GFELPH. Ont.— A bv-law to provide for
the expenditure of $!>.S0O for waterworks Im-
provements hps^ been passed by \t\f city
council.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
6S
VANCOUVER, B.C.— 1200,000 Ir the amount
needed for new waterworks. A by-law
authorizing: the expenditure of this amount
win be submitted to the ratepayers.
STAFFORD, Alfa.— ^15,000 Is the amount
this town proposes to spend on waterworks.
OAK BAY, B.C.— A by-law to authorize the
expenditure of $60,000 will be voted on.
KINCARDINE, Ont.— The ratepayers will
vote on a by-law to issue debentures for $7,-
000 for sewers and $2,000 for bridges.
Baw Mill and rianlng Mill NewH.
SCOTSTOWN, Que.— The Eml)erton Lumber
Co. have recently sold out all of their prop-
erty at Scotstown, to the East Angus Co. The
Kmberton Co. have had possession of the
property for nearly two years.
WINNIPEG, Man.— The Security Lumber
Co. has been Incorporated here with a capital
of $500,000. John P. .Tansen and Lome J.
Elliott are named as the incorporators.
PORT GEORGE. B.C.— Timber rights on
100 sections of land, principally In the Fort
George district have been purchased l)y Bri-
tish capitalists from C. E. Mahon, of Van-
couver and associates, for $1..'>00,000. It is
said that there is over 2,000,000,000 feet of fine
spruce, cedar and flr on the sections. Most of
this lumber land is on the Willow river, 20
miles east of Fort George.
NELSON, B.C.— The shingle mill and box
factory which will be erected bv the Western
Box & Shingle Mills, Limited, at Nelson, will
be a frame building with iron roofing. It
win be 36 feet by 48 feet and 2 storeys high.
The estimated cost of the building is $1,000.
and the machinery $4,000.
QUATSINO, B.C.— Arrangements have been
made for the building of a saw mill at
Quatsino, this winter. Behind this enterprise
are .Tames Guyer and Gustave Moerman, both
residents of Quatsino. The mill men will
start In a small way, catering principally to
the home market.
FORT FRANCES, Ont.— The Shevlln -Clarke
Lumber Co. propose erecting a large mill here
and ask for a fixed assessment. This com-
pany is interested In the Rainy River Lum-
ber Co. and the Sbevlin-Mathiou Co.
BAY OF ISLANDS, Nfd.— The Humber
Lumber and Pulp Co. Is preparing to add to
Its works a very large pulp mill at Bay of
Islands.
RIDOBWAT, Ont.— B. W. Near I* erecting
a two-storey addition, 28 by 66 ft., to bla
planing mill. On the ground floor will be
offices and engine room. The upper floor
will be used as a Joiner shop.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Paterson Lumber
Co. proposes to build manufacturing wurka to
cost $250,000 to $300,000 In Vancouver, In con-
nection with Its existing business.
BRIODEN, Ont.— The Dominion Cooperage
plant and stave mill was completely des-
troyed by fire on November 30. Loss la $14.-
000, partly covered by Insurance.
VICTORIA, B.C.— A new lumber mtll. own-
ed by the Vancouver Island Mining and De-
velopment Co.. Is In operation at Tyce Siding
on the Esquimau & Nanalmo Railway. The
mill has a capacity of from 25,000 to 30,000
ft. per day.
NANAIMO, B.C.— Walter Marriott has pur-
chased from Dickie, Van Norman, Haycroft
and J. W. Vipond, of this city, their Interests
in the Quanilchan Saw Mill Co. A Joint
stock company has been organized to take
over the holdings.
WELLAND, Ont.— John E. Cutler, whose
planing mill was recently destroyed by Are.
Is asking for a fixed assessment of $1,000 for
10 years, under which conditions he will
erect a new mill.
ST. BONIFACE, Man.— The lumber mill of
the Rat Portage Lumber Co. here, was burn-
ed on December 7. The loss amounted to
$90,000 of which 75 per cent, was covered by
Insurance. The plant will be re-established
at once, new machinery having been ordered.
RAINY RIVER. Ont.— The mill of the Rat
Portage Lumber Co.. which was burned some
months ago during the forest Area, will he
rebuilt early next spring.
MONTREAL, Que.— The sash and door fac-
tory owned by Phillipe Saumure was des-
troyed by fire on November 16.
HUMBERSTONE. Ont.— S. J. Dickinson's
planing mill was totally destroyed by fire on
November 25. The loss Is $7,000. of which
only $500 Is covered by Insurance.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— The cooperage plant of
Taylor and White, here, was recently dam-
aged by fire to the extent of $5,000. The
plant was insured for $7,000.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— J. J. Gordon is complet-
ing a plant at Coldbrook, three miles from
this city, for the mannfacture of excelsior.
Oeaeral Maanraclariac.
BLENHEIM, Ont— G. A. Fraaer. of Themea-
vtlie. Is considering the location of a canolnc
factory here.
I'ETROLEA, Ont.— The 3-atorey flour mill
owned by W. W. Palog, of tbia town, waa
destroyed by Are on November 17. Total loaa.
$10,000.
OALT, Ont— The C. Turnbull Co.. woollen
manufacturers, purchased two valuable plecea
of property on King street, and will. It ta
atnted. next year build a large extension.
HA.MILTON, Ont.— In the spring the
Diamond Flint Glass Co. will erect a large
glass factory on a 10-acre site obuilned for It
In Hamilton by the Publicity Cummlaloner.
When the new factory la completed the com-
pany win vacate Its present premises In the
city. It la also announced by the commis-
sioner that the Egg-O Baking Powder Co.
win establish works In Hamilton, and that
the Robinson Box .Mfg. Co.. of Lowell. Maaa.,
will do likewise. It Is said that new factorlea
of an aggregate value of $4,000,000 have been
secured for Hamilton within llio last twelve-
month.
MEDICINE HAT. Alta.— The Alberta Clay
Products plant was formally opened on Nov.
26. Among the products of this plant are
sewer pipe, fire roofling and nil hollow wares
of that class, every variety and grade of
brick. Raw material can be handled to the
amount of 600 tons per day.
FORT WILLIAM. Ont— The Board of
Trade has been in correspondence with a
representative of Ely Bros.. London. Eng..
manufacturers of high-grade ammunition,
who are favorable to locating a Canadian
plant In this city.
MONTREAL, Qne— The Dominion Box and
Package Co., which Is capitalized at $700.-
000. will employ upward of 200 men. It la
said to be a merger of several smaller com-
panies, such as the Dominion Wire Bonnd
Box Co. and the Montreal Box Co. It Is also
closely allied with Wm. Rutherford and
Sons.
BOWMANVILLE. Ont.— The Good.vear Tire
& Rubber Co.. of Akron, Ohio, has purchased
the business and plant of the Durham Rub-
ber Co.. of Bowmanvllle, Ont., and are now
manufacturing a complete line of rubber
products in Canada. From Van Bever, Vice-
Salesmanship Course Free
and a Liberal Salary
If a person wishes to take a course in Salesmanship he usually has to pay for it. But the
MacLean Publishing Company pays for your course as well as offers you a very substantial salary if
you write giving references and show that you'are ambitious and capable of handling our circula-
tion in your locality.
What could be more desirable for the young man, starting his business career, than to become
connected with the MacLean Publishing Company, whose circulation organization is the strongest in
the Dominion ?
What could be more beneficial than to commence his career with an excellent training in
salesmanship? The man who has had experience as a salesman' is qualified for practically any
business position.
The staff of the MacLean Publishing Company is being increased every week. The best men
get the best positions. The best men are invariably those who are ambitiouslandiwho^have been
connected with the firm the longest. , . £?"•- I i
Write at once for full particulars.
MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
143-149 University Ave., Toronto
(^
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Mechanical
Drawing
By Erwin Henison, S. S.
Instructor in Mechanical Drawing. Mas-
s.ichus«tts Institute of Technology
176 pp.. 140 tllus. Cloth bindinK. Gives a
course of practical instruction in the art of
Mechanical Drawing, based on methods
that have stood the test of years of experi*
ence. Includes orthoeraphtc. isometric
and oblique projections, shade lines, inter-
sections and developments, lettering, etc..
wri*h abundant exercises and plates.
Price, S1.00
MacLean Publishing Co.
Technical Book Department
143-149 University Ave., Toronto
^manimiczvrerj
MALLEABLE
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CASTINGS
' TWO PLANTS
.(gP^ 8000 TONS
5miibsfblls Ontario
8TEELCRETE
EXPANDED METAL
REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and ROOFS.
The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.
WRITE FOR HAND BOOK ANO SAMPLES
Comoetont Engineering staff in charge
of construction.
Expanded Metal & Fireproofing Co., Limited
100 King Street West. TORONTO
.
SmONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting-steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. John, N.B. Vancouver, B.C.
In the Unittd States. Simonds Mfg. Co-
THE
HOME
OF
The John Morrow Screw
LIMITED
INGERSOLL
ONTARIO
President of the Canadian company, It U
learned that his flrui has branches In Tor-
onto, Winnipeg, Montreal and Vancouver, and
lue opening additional ones in St. John and
t^ilgary.
Build Idk Notes.
ST. THOMAS, Ont.— The management of
AInui College have decided to have a new
wing erected, or a separate building at an
.ipproxiniatc cost of $30,000.
SARNIA, Ont.— The Board of Education
have made a renulsitlon to the council for the
sum of JW.OOO for the erection of a new
school on the site of the present Lochiel street
school.
I'OKT AUTHUK, Ont.— The city of Port
.\ithur has decided to erect a new collegiate
institute at a cost of $125,000.
MONTKEAL, Que.— The Canada Kubher
Co. on December 19 obtained a permit for the
erection of a factory to cost $250,000.
VANCOUVEK, B.C.— The Vancouver Gas
Co. is preparing to build a new plant on
deep water frontage.
WELLANl), Ont.— New industrial buildings
nearing completion are the Chipman-Holton
Knitting Factory and the Peters Textile
Factory. The new offices of the Ontario
liiin * Steel Co. are also about finished.
New Companies.
Tlic South Shore (Jas Co.. .Montreal. Que.,
i.iliital stock .$100,000: to manufacture, buy
iuid soli gas and electricity for lighting, heat-
ing and motive purposes. Montreal parties
are named as incorporators.
National Hydro-Electric Co., Montreal, Que.,
capital stocli .fl. 000,000: to carry on business
of an electric light, heat and power companv.
Montre.il parties are named as incorporators.
Canadian Electric Automatic Machines.
Limited. Ottawa. Ont.: capital stock $225,000:
to secure patent rights for automatic vending
machines and to manufacture or deal in
machinery and devices connected therewith.
Ottawa parties incorporators.
The Granby Elastic Web Co., Grauby, Que.;
capital stock ifSO.OOO: to manufacture all
kinds of rubber goods and webbing. G. H.
Bolvln, of Granby, is one of the incorporotors.
The Central Canada Power Co., Toronto,
Ont.: capital $10,000,000; to carry on hydraulic
and electrical power business In Canada.
Members of a Toronto legal office are named
as incorporators.
The Dominion Instantaneous Heater Co..
Vancouver. B.C.; capital stock $100,000; to
manufacture and purchase the selling rights
of Gray's Instantaneous Heater. W. Francis.
E. V. Chevalier, A. C. Brydon-Jack and E. B.
Ross, of Vancouver, and A. P. Francis, of
Victoria, are the Incorporators.
Certificates of Incorporation have been
granted by the legislature of British Colum-
bia to the Canadian Dry Battery Co.. Elec-
trical Advertising Co. and the International
Le;\d & Iron Co.
The T>oonil8-Morden Cooperage Co., Trenton,
Ont.; capital $.30,000; to manufacture cooper-
age products, woodenware and lumber. In-
corporators are Chester Loomls. H. B. Loomis
and W. A. Morden.
Canadian Explosives. Limited. Montreal:
capital $1.'j.000.000: to ninnnfacture all kinds
of explosives, ammunition, firearms, etc. In-
corporators nominally given as clerks in a
Montreal law office. The Company has power
to anmlgamate other similar companies.
The Dryden Timber & Power Co., Dryden.
Out., have been Incorporated with a capital
of .$:t.000.000. The incorporators are: F. Sing-
er, G. Waters and H. Hill, all of Toronto, Ont.
Trade Notes.
MONTREAL. Que.— John Watson & Son.
architectural Iron works, have been awarded
the contract for the architectural iron work
In connection with the large office building
l)elng erected by the Dominion Express Co.
in this city. Contract runs to about .$.35,000.
HAMILTON. Ont.— The Smart - Turner
Machine Co.. 191 Barton St.. East, report the
following sales for their pumps; Flamand
Frere. St. Agapit, P.Q.; Canada Preserving
Co.. Hamilton; Merchants Rubber Co.. Berlin;
Great Lakes Dredging Co,. Port Arthur;
Monarch Knitting Co., St. Catharines; Tor-
onto Wire Co.. Oakvllle: Brown School, Tor-
onto; The Pure Milk Co., Hamilton; Toronto
& York Rnllal Ry., G.T.R.. Lake Superior
.Tet. ; Geo. F. Webb. Hamilton; Canadian Re-
fining & Smelting Co., Orillia ; Wolverine Mil-
ling Co., Drumho; and ,T. C. Wilson & Co.,
LiKhnte Mills, P.Q.
SHERBROOKE. Que.- East Canada Power
& Pulp Co.. of Murray Bay, have placed an
order with the Sherbrooke Machinery Co.. of
this city, for their complete wet machine
"oulpment. They have also adopted the Sher-
brooke Machinery Company's pneninntic
CANADIAN MACHINERY
fl7
We manufacture all kinds of Pumping
Machinery, Condensers, Travelling
Cranes, etc.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.
The Smart-Turner Machine Co., Limited, Hamilton, Canada
No Lost Motion
with
Jeffrey Machinery ^
Every detail has been carefully £j
worked out to give maximum ca- W^M
pacity with least frictional resist- IX
anr-P Bucket
^^C^- Elevator
Jeffrey Elevators and Con-
veyers are adapted to meet
necessary requirements.
Write for our Catalog 81.
State how you are handling your
materials and simply say you want
our suggestions.
The Jeffrey Mfg. Co.
MONTREAL
Office and Works. Corner Cote and Latfauchetiere Sts.
Toronto Office. 174 King Street East.
B ranch Offices in the leading: commercial centres of the world.
^M ^M ^^ How many mill
^^^^ ^^ owners have warded off
r the thought of buying
Locomotive Crane for handling
of their logs and dimension timbers,
thinking the equipment a LUXURY?
Later you would be surprised at the
great number of these same mill owners
who. after seeing their smaller com-
petitor install a "BROWNING,"
have investigated and found the
outfit a NECESSITY and a
nrcney-saver instead.
^The Browning Engineering Co.
^^^^•^^ CLEVELAND, 0010 ^^ ^'^m^
Engineers and Mill Owners
"LOOK UP" not the cost of your
BABBITT METAL
but the cost of your many shut-downs caused by the use of
inferior Babbitt Metal. Use THE CANADA METAL CO.'S
METAL and stop that needless expense.
- Toronto
Office, 31 WiUiam Street,
Pon't foil tP mention "Canadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.
68
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Russell Machine Co.
MACHINE TOOL
AND
DIE MAKERS
Fint-das* Workmanship
Prices Right
Esthnate* Famishail to the Trade
Russell Machine Co.
St. Catharines, Ont.
Boilers
Horizontal Stationary Tubular
Locomotive Portable
Vertical
Marine
Wm. Hamilton Co., Ltd.
PETERBORO, ONT.
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
Wehave the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask. us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & CO.
HE8PELER, ONT.
BENCH
POWER PRESS
Ign
Particularly adapted for small, quick
work, to take place of foot presses.
Write for Pricm.
W. H. Banfield & Sons
MACHINISTS. DIE AND TOOL MAKERS
120 Addaida Strmt W«t
TORONTO CANADA
"DART" UNIONS
can be connected or disconnected with
amazing speed, whether pipes are in
or out of alignment. They never leak
Both sections are sealed with non-
rusting, non-corroding, smooth-ground
bronze and meet in a ball joint that
is perfectly tight against steam, air,
gas. oil and water.
ASK YOUR DEALER
FOR DART UNIONS
DART UNION CO., Limited
93-07 Niagara 9t., Toronto, Can.
"save-all" Bystem as well as tbelr pneumatic
Altering system.
TORONTO, Ont.— The Chapman Double
Bull Bearing Co. have reecntly received orders
fi)r their type of bearings for the addition to
the Ideal Bedding Co. and for new plant of
MendelessoliD Piano Co., Toronto; new forge
shop, Verity Plow Co., Brantford; Amherst
Boot & Shoe Co. and Canadian Car and Foun-
dry Co., Amherst, N.S.
WOODSTOCK, Ont.— The Maximilian Pneu-
matic Tool Co. are installing machinery, an
order having been placed with the A. R. Wil-
liams Co., Toronto, for machine tools amount-
ing to J30.000. The company will soon be
manufacturing a full line of riveting and
Chipping hammers, sand rammers, air motors,
air compressors, etc. J. R. Porter, Buffalo,
is president of both the Canadian and U.S.
Companies. The company is incorporated In
Ontario for $100,000.
iMONTREAL, Que.— The Canada Ford Co.,
owing to pressure of space have removed
from their offices In the Canadian Express
Building, and will hereafter occupy the en-
tire building at 485 St. James Street (a few
doors west of Inspector Street) Montreal,
where they will carry a complete line of the
products of the Brush Electrical Engineering
Co., Loughborough, England, as well as
ventilating fans and blowers, transmission
material, machine tools and engineers' small
tools and special machinery, etc.
TORONTO, Ont— The Lancashire Dynamo
& Motor Co., of Toronto, have been author-
ized by provincial legislation to engage in
the manufacture of dynamos, motors and
appurtenances. Heretofore the company has
been but a distributing agency of the British
company.
MONTREAL— Orders for transformers for th»
Hydro-Electric power sub-station at Port Credit,
were secured by AUls-Chalmers-BuUock.
HAMILTON.— The Canadian Westinghouse Co.
provided the switching equipment for the Hydro-
Electric Power and sub-station at Port Credit
DETROIT.— The Northern Engineering Works
are installing four Northern cranes ranging from
5 to 15 tons capacity in the plant of the Kewa-
nee Boiler Co., Kewanee, III.
TORONTO.— Announcement Is made of an im-
portant change In the management of the Gold.
Schmidt Thermit Co., of 90 West Street. New
York, and who have a branch here. Commenc-
ing October 1st, E. Stutz, vice-president and
general manager, retires from the direction of
the company, which passes under the manage-
ment of William C. Cuntz. Mr. Cuntz brings to
his position a thorough knowledge of the steel
business and a wide acquaintance with the rail-
way and street railway ofttcials of the country,
having been connected for eighteen years with
the Pennsylvania Steel Co.
HAMILTON.— The Smart-Turner Machine Co..
191 Barton St.. East, report the following or-
ders for their pumps of which they make several
types : Deloro Mining & Reduction Co.. Dolero.
Ont. : Thos. A. Ivey & Sons. Port Dover :
Gunns. Ltd., Toronto ; Beardmore ft Co.. Acton.
Ont. ; Royal Crown Soap Co.. Vancouver ;
Dresden Canning Co., Dresden. Ont. : S. L.
Snively. Nelles Comers, Ont. ; Peoples' Ry.,
Berlin ; General Hospital, Toronto . and A. Dob-
son, Beaverton. A traveling crane is being sup-
plied to the C.P.R.. Winnipeg, and one to ths
Ouiatchouan Falls Paper Co.. Ouiatchouan.
P.Q. The Oliver Chilled Plow Works have placed
orders for two tumbling barrels with the Smart-
Turner Machine Co.
Western Steel ft Iron Co.
The Western Steel & Iron Co.. Winnipeg,
has become the successor to the Western Iron
Works, of that city, with considerably In-
creased resources. It proposes to manufac-
ture ornamental and architectural Iron work,
forgings. castings, railroad and contractors'
materials and specialties on an extended
basis. The officers of the company are:
President, C. M. Simpson : vice-president.
Alex. Simmers; manager and secretary-treas-
urer, H. R. Eade.
New Machinery Agency, Montreal.
Foss & Fuller is the name of a new machin-
ery house who have opened at »29 St. James
Street. Montreal, comprising Geo. F. Foss.
who was for four years .-i traveling salesman
for Williams & Wilson. Montreal, and M. A.
Fuller, who was connected with the Canadian
Rand Drill Co.. of Sberbrooke. They bave
secured tbe tfcoc^ ot torn* promiosnt A<n*r'
eXNAblAN MACHINftftV
«0
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can be secured for any class of castings by arranging your mixture* by
analysis. Years of practical experience In foundry work are at your
service when you consult with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN, METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS. CORES. OILS Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.
I':
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VJm»^JAN NED ^,^ff§^
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.M«»r ' -liiT'i-''^- • I ■'-'- " '■"-' -■— -i ■ ■■ '■-'•■■•■■. ■■
■\?:-^-; ;\t.- -"-^r '
ESTABLISH A MODERN TAX-
FREE ALCOHOL DISTILLERY
We have a Good Proposition for Motor Mfrs.
Having exported our Stills In large amounts lor many years, and already having
several far Eastern agencies we are now open to establish additioneil agencies and Invite
correspondence to that end, looking after our old customers and prospeotiva buyers by
special successful iiemonstrative methods lor making Alcohol, Apple Jack, Aguardiente,
Mescal, Teguiia, Peach Brandy, Whiskey, etc. Most modern and simple. All sizes, 5 to
500 gallons daily capacity distilling apparatus.
AKE YOU LOOKING FOR information relating to INDUSTRIAL or DENATURED
ALCOHOL DISTILLING APPARATUS and the amazing possibilities of the utilization
of waste farm products and wood waste by superheated steam distillation, the distilling
apparatus as used by us ; the principle involved, also the methods of chemical control
and disposal of the product and by-products ? We will gladly say to you :
Denatured Alcohol to-day is of the greatest untold benefit to the Amerlctin motor
people. It opens an absolutely new field for investment for progressive paper pulp and
chemical fibre mills, paint, varnish, soap and candle makers, gardeners, farms and
garbage plants, saw-mills, lumbermen and canneries. The Automobiles and the Navies
of the world clamor for this new tax-free cheaper industrial alcohol. May we ex-pect
some encouragement from the more patrotic pioneers for this new American Industry T
The field is new and profitable, and you can practically have the business your own
way by starting now. We are makers of an apparatus for the production of this de-
natured or industrial alcohol ; we build and install plants — large or small. The initial
cost of a plant is small ; the financial risk— if any— is trifling. The equipment Is such
that it can be added to at any tima without disturbing the original Installation.
Address
THE WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES CO., Inc.
WHEELING, W. VA., U.S.A.
lean manulactarem, araoncat otber* :— Acbu-
maeher & Boye, Lathea, Cincinnati; Oto. A.
Qny, I'laners. Cincinnati; Mueller Machine
Tool Co., Radial Drills, Cincinnati; The J T
Slocomlie's line ot Micrometers and the O.K.
Tool Holders.
A. B. Willl»ms Co. In New MrnsawlelL.
The A. R. Willlama Machinery Co. bare
been incorporated In New Brunswick and will
open up a branch In St. John. N.B. The In-
corporators are A. R. Willlama, Thom«» A.
Holllnrake, Toronto; M. W. Dohertr, 8t
John; F. W. KIschel and Robert Kerr. Brant-
ford. The capital la $99,000, ot which »50.000
is paid up. The St. John manager la M. W
Doherty. A large building In St. John baa
been purchased. Stocks of machine tool*,
wood-working machinery, boilers, enirlnes.
saw mill machinery, belting, etc.. wiU be car-
ried.
Toronto Agency Northern Cmnea.
A Toronto oMice or the Northern Engineer-
ing Co., Detroit, and their Canadian branch,
the Advauc-e Machine Works, Wulkervilte
uiauutatturera of Northern Cranes, has been
opened up at room 6£i Traders Bunk Bldg.
dh?, i.M '■'*, '• '" '■''''"'«'' "' ^'- ^'- H"l'l"»"".
who will also represent the Canadian Crocker-
Wheeler Co., muuufacturera of electrical
machinery; American Electric Fuae Co., Mua-
kegun Heighis, Mich., mauufacturera of con-
tiullers, starters, etc.. and Hooven, Oweu.
Ueuuchler Co., Hamilton, Ohio., mauufactup-
ers of Hamilton Corllag engine*! ""ttvur
Hanufacturea Uiea in Montreal.
An item appeared in the November iaaua
of Cauudiuu illachiuery with reference to the
demand on the part of many amall manu-
tucturera for dies for punching briiax. metal
etc. iirnest Scott, 116 Bleury Jsireet, Montreal'
writea us that he la a manufacturer ot all
kiuus of dies ot this nature and in a uoaitluu
to submit prices on all work of thU kind
Montreal Branch, Xhos. ilpth « Sons.'
Thos. Firth & Sous, ot Shellield, ISugiaud,
have opened up a branch office and ware-
house at GOT St. Paul Street, Montreal, where
they intend carrying stock ot their tool
steels, etc. The business u under the mou-
ugement of J. A. Sherwood, formerly ot
i-ittsburg, who has had a long and suct^sful
experience with the company.
Massey-Uarrls Co. Knlargtng.
The Massey-Uarris Co. have bought out the
works of the Johnston Harvester Co., Batavm.
iN.x. The ilassey-Hurria Co. are enlarging
their Toronto and Urautford phinta, havmg
secured additional property adjacent to these
plants. The buying ot a plant in the United
States is to assist in taking care ot their
toreign trade.
Pumps tor N.T.B. Shops.
The John Uci>ougall Caledonia Iron Works
Co., Montreal, are furnishing a number of
pumps for the N.T.K. ahopa at Tranacona,
near Winnipeg. These cousUt of two «-ln.
single stage horizontal turbine pumps with
extended bases. Each of these pumps is
direct connected on the same base with an
IS in. six-stage 70 ii.p. horizontal lierr Steam
lurblne, running at 1,600 r.p.m. The capacity
of each of these machines is 1,200 U.S. gailona
per minute when operating against toui head
of 100 feet. The pumps were manufactured
in Muutreul, and the turbines were nude by
the hLerr Turbine Co., WellaviUe, N V
Two 14x10)4x10 BUike horizoutui duplex
piston pattern boiler feed pumps, mounted on
cast iron bedplates. Each of these pumps
will have capacity of 200 U.S. gallons per
minute and used for supplying boilers oper-
ating under luO lbs. steam pressure.
Two 0x4)4x3x30 Bluke vertical Artesian
Well Pumps. Each ot these machines are
used to draw water from 6 in. diameter
Artesian wells and deliver to a high level
tank at an elevation ot IM ft. above ground
level, and will have capacity ot 40 U.S. gal-
lons per minute when operating under the
above conditions. These latter pumps are
manufactured by the George F. Blake Mfg.
Co., East Cambridge, Mass.
One »S-in. Vertical Centrifugal Pump, direct
connected to one 3S0 h.p., 4150 r.p.m., 3 phase,
(iO cycle, 500 volt, type "F" Motor, complete
with cast iron base and thrust bearing to
take care ot the weight of the rotor only.
This pump is designed to have capacity of
lU.OOO imperiul gulious per minute against
total head of 48 feet, and will have an effi-
ciency of 70 per cent, when operating under
the above conditions and running at a speed
of 436 r.p.m. The motor will be controlled by
Cutler-Hammer 350 b.p. automatic motor
starter, complete with ball, float, chain and
switch. It will also be supplied with hand-
operating controller and resistance. There
will also be supplied ia cennectlon with this
70
tANADiAN Machinery
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, - ENGLAND
Beg to announce THE OPENING on
October fifteenth, 1910, of their new
Canadian Headquarter*, at 24 Adelaide St. W., Toronto
in charge of
MESSRS. PARKE & LEITH, General Agents for Canada
A Large Stock of Aluminium in all the Commercial Form* will
ba kept — Wholeta'e and Retail.
mn
Best Tool Steel
"ARK" High-Speed steel
THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STERL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOPS HIGH-GRADE FILES AND RASPS
80 Bay St., Toronto, Ontaiio
Ohas. L. Bailey, Agent.
Beid-Newfoondland Company
St John's, Newfoundland.
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd
Montreal, Quebec
Jas. Robertson Co., Ltd.,
St. John, New Brunswick
WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND.
outfit a motor panel to inoUut the follotvlug
lustrumeuts: —
One 400 amp. 3 pole single throw iiutoniatlu
oil switch.
One 500 auip. Weston Ammeter.
One tiOO volt WfStou Voltmeter.
This panel will lie made of Blue Vermont
Marble, complete with frame work and con-
nections.
One 8-lneh Centrifugal Sewage I'ump, direct
connected to 30 h.p. motor with Cutler-Uam-
mer starting controller and resistance, com-
plete with float switch and float ball and
chain. This outfit will have capacity of :;,000
Imperial gals, per miuute when operating
against total head of 15 ft. The pump will
have an efficiency of 50 per cent, when oper-
ating at a speed of 430 r.p.m. This outfit will
also have a motor panel with the following
instruments mounted on same: —
One 50 amp. tyi)e "E" automatic oil switch.
One UO amp. Weston Ammeter.
One 000 volt Weston Voltmeter.
All complete with frame work, etc.
The pumps will be manufactured lu the
John McDougall Caledonia Irou Works at
Montreal and the Allis-Chalmers-Builock,
Montreal, are supplying the electrical appar-
atus.
All the centrifugal pumps will be designed
under the supervision of Consulting Engineer,
William Clinton Brown, formerly chief en-
gineer of Henry U. Worthington, New York.
*7,000,000 of £qul|imrnt Ordered by C.P.K.
Over $7,000,000 worth of new cars and train
e<(Uipment has been ordered by tlie C.P.K., all
to be delivered by next summer. Two thous-
and refrigerator, coal, box, aud other class of
freigiit cars, aud 200 coaches for passenger
train eiiuipment, including baggage, express,
sleeping, dining, parlor and observation cars
are at i)resent under construction at the com-
pany's Angus shops, and, besides these, orders
have been placed with otlier firms for 2,000
steel frame box cars of 80,000 lbs. capacity,
to cost over two million dollars. Five hundred
stock cars and &00 flat cars have also been
ordered from outside. Orders for seventy-
five heavy locomotives have also been placed
in Canada, at the Angus shops, Kingston, and
Montreal Locomotive Works.
The policy of the Canadian Pacific Railway
indicates that they are planning to cope with
any business that may be offered, with ample
equipment built by Canadian workmen. They
have never lacked confidence in the rapidly
growing trade of Canada and the great
transportation possibilities of the country's
future.
Crucibles are part of the expense of your
foundry. It will pay you to be sure you're
using the best.
Dixon's Crucibles
have a record of 83 years behind them. You
will find them adapted to your melting.
Pr9» booklet, 223-A, sent on reqruest
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY
JERSEY CITY, .... N.J., U.S.A.
CATALOGUES.
steel and Wood Pulleys — The Oneida Steel
Pulley Co., Oueida, New York, have issued a
48-page, 6x9 ins., illustrated catalogue of
steel and wood pulleys aud other specialties.
Calendar.— J. H. Baxter, 102 St. Autoine St.,
Montreal, have published an attractive calen-
dar for 1911, which they are sending to their
customers and friends.
Graphite Products for Railroads. — A new
booklet has just been issued by the Joseph
IJixou Crucible Company, of Jersey City, N.J.,
under the above title. This, as its name im-
plies, covers the Dixon line of products that
the widely used in railroad service.
The object of the book is to bring under
one cover all the various products lu the
Dixon line that are of interest to the various
mechanical departments of railroads. These
include various graphite lubricants, protective
paint, crucibles, facings, etc., all of which
have been found by actual service to give
satisfactory results.
The booklet runs to 40 pages, and is quite
attractively illustrated by means of photo-
graphs showing different views of railroad
stations aud yards, different types of locomo-
tives, stretches of track, signals, bridges,
etc. If you are interested in the use of any
grapliite products about the railroad, you
should write for copy of tliis booklet, which
will be sent free to those desiring it.
Electrical Machinery.— Paper, 10x8'/j ins.
Crocker-Wheeler Co., Ampere, N.J.
These bulletins are prepared for filing:
Bulletin No. 120, 16 pp.— Form I motors, belt
D. C. 3% to 50 h.p.; generators, 3 to 45 K.W.
Bulletin No. 122, 8 pp.— Form D machines,
belt type D. C. motors, 25 to 300 h.p., gener-
ators, 45 to 250 K. W. Bulletin No. 123, 16
pp.— Adjustable speed motors, % to 32 h.p.;
speed ranges, 2:1-2.5:1-3:1; eleven frame sizes.
Bulletin 125, 8 pp. — Reluck type transformers
for light and power.
Fine Tools.— The L. S. Stnrrett Co., Athol,
Mass. Catalogue No. 19. Size 5Hx7% In.;
pages, 274. Describes and Illustrates a very
complete line of fine meclianlcal tools, which
Includes a number that Lave been added since
the previous edition was published. Brief
CANADIAN MACHINERV
71
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Perfected
QEAR CUTTINQ, TOOLS, DIES. ETC.
Ruching and Plestins Machinery.
ERNEST SCOTT
91 BLEURY ST. - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker
Diet for sheet metat work. Stampings and
light manufacturing. Special machinery
designed and made to order.
The PARMENTcR BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQOE, ONT.
Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs,
Bifurcated and Tubular RIvels, Wire Nails
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
kscutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.
OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, UMIIED
OWEN SOUND, ONT.
Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel
Tank Work of all kinds, Grey
Iron and Brass Castings
^\ Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
—Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
£S^B wrRE sPRim CO.
^^mit0 Cleveland, Ohio.
KpoeiflciitldiiK arc given, uiiil n number of
tnbluH of MHefuI in(<>riiiutlon ('iini|>li-tV8 the
catalogue. The lustomary Hygteni of marginal
iiiimhers lian been retaiiuMl and l>otb nniuer-
leal and alphahetlr-al inUU-es render It a hIiii-
(lie matter to louate any tool tjuickly.
Serew .Muclilnes. — Tlie Natlohal-Aewe .Mfg.
Co., Cleveland, Ulilo. Calendar. .Size lixlO 1».
KacU of the 1:^ leaves In addition to giving
the citlendar for one uunith eojitaiuM un I1IU8-
tration either of u serew machine or some of
its products. Among tliese are the multiple
Mpiudle Mirew maiiiiiie and Bomc products of
the Hcrew machine milling attachment.
Handling Coal. — BuUetiu No. 42 from
the press of the .Jcllrey Mig. Co., Col-
umbus, U., is entitled "Coal Handling
and Mine Kciuipment," and is a IS-page
catalogue descriptive o£ this line ol
machinery. This book, which is larger
than the usual Jelirey publication, de-
scribes the Jetlrey Coal Tipple, illus-
trating a number of recent installa-
tions. In addition, numerous illustra-
tions from their minor pamphlets, de-
scribing other coal handling machinery,
giving the pamphlet number whore
more detailed information is to be had.
it serves as a review book of their coal
handling machinery.
Celfor Tools. — Catalogue No. 10, of
the Ceifor Tool Co., Itailway Exchange,
Chicago, 111., a handsome ciU-page
booklet, describing their line of drills,
chucks, shanks, reamers, 3-lipped drills,
sockets for reamers and 3-lipped drills,
and iiich hat drills and chucKs. Besides
describing and listing their respective
prices, in a comprehensive manner much
useful information concerning drill and
reamer speeds, etc., and additional
tables are given. The Celfor drills and
reamers are made from fiat high speed
steel bars, twisted to shape, and in cat-
alogue they are illustrated in opera-
tion.
Standard Automobile Gauges.— This
line as manufactured by the Industrial
instrument Co., Foxboro, Mass., is
described in their bulletin No. 36, a
4-page folder. As well as briefly de-
scribing the gauge and its features, its
varied uses on an automobile are given,
showing that it would be to the advan-
tage of automobile owners to have
them.
Multiple Drilling Machines. — Section
B of the 1910 series of catalogues, en-
titled Modern Machine Tools, issued
from Webster & Bennett, Ltd., Coven-
try, England, is a 32-page booklet, de-
scriptive of this line of tools, and gives
a large variety of the different multiple
drilling machines that they manufac-
ture, enumerating the salient features
of each as well as their size, weights,
etc. Among the machines are various
types of drilling machines, combined
drilling and boring machines, combined
drilling, boring and tapping machines
and sensitive drilling machines.
Motors. — Continuous current protect-
ed and ventilated motors are dealt with
in the 4-page leaflet No. 9, from S. \V.
Broadbent, Ltd., Huddersfield, England.
The principal parts of the machine are
briefly described, and ^ the original fea-
tures dwelt upon. In addition, is a
general description of the machine, and
a list, which includes prices, and data
concerning a number of different sized
machines.
Series Arc Lighting System. — With
Cooper Hewitt liectifier. This is the
subject of Circular No. 1155, of the
Canadian Westinghouse Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton, which is a 32-page booklet
descriptive of this system of lighting.
The system in detail is fully explained.
ONE MAN
can cut threads on G-in. pipe with a
"BEAVER"
ADJUSTABLE DIE STOCK
No. i. threading 1-4,3-8. 1-2. 3-4 In. complete.
No changing of Dies or Bushings.
No. 2SB, 1 in. to 2 in.. R.H. complete.
No. M. cuts ni, 3, 3M, 4, 4K 5. and 6 inch pipe.
NOTE— That with the three tools
shown above you can thread from
1-4 in. to 6 in. pipe. No loose parts.
WARREN" DIE STOCK
(Non-recedinsr dies adjustable.)
Each stock cuts t^vo sizes. Made in four sizes
Prices $5.00, $5.50, $6.00 and $7.00.
THEY SAVE TIME AND MONEY
Write for our Illustrated List
Borden-Canadian Co.
Richmond St. East, Toronto, Ont.
7i
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The
IMPERIAL CHUCK
has been tried and not
found wanting.
When you buy our chuck
you not only save the duty
but help build up your own
country by keeping your
money in Canada.
Write for catalogue and dis-
count, and let us convince
you that we are stating the
truth
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Fcr general machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.
Oar catalogue shows many
styUs and sizfs and is sent
fret. :
The Gushman Chuck Go.
Harifotd, Conn., U.S.I.
Established 1862
with all the auxiliary apparatus, mak-
ing in all a very instructive booklet on
lighting.
Radial Drills.— The 24, 3 and 3^ foot
arm, simple type radial drill, manufac-
tured by the Mueller Machine Tool Co.,
Cincinnati, 0., are described on leaflets
just issued by that company. They are
machines which they are making in
conjunction with their standard radial
drills. Special reference is given to the
general dimensions, and also the salient
features pertaining to the column, arm,
head, tapping mechanism, feed, spindle,
depth gauge and automatic trip, base,
plain square box table, and motor.
Excellent cuts of the drills with ar-
rowed description are given in the
pamphlets.
Hack Saw Blades.— Catalogue No.
16 of the Diamond Saw and Stamping
Works, Buflalo, N.Y., is a 16-page book-
let, attractively gotten up. In it are
described and listed the various lines of
"Sterling" hack saw blades, frames,
power machines, etc. The advantages
of the different lines are set forth, and
the kinds best suited to the various
lines of work are given. An accompany-
ing 4-page leaflet describes their 3 sizes
of high speed power hack saw machines,
and includes the results of a production
test.
Small Tools and Machinery.— The cat-
alogue of the Hamilton Tool Co., Ltd.,
Hamilton, Ont., describes their line of
small tools and machinery. Among
the articles enumerated are Beaver drills
and collets, ball bearings, milling cut-
ters, reamers, slotting saws, sensitive
drill, and bench drill. In addition are
a list of letters of commendation from
satisfied patrons. The articles shown
are listed in a very convenient manner
for ready reference. Much useful matter
is contained, as the Beaver collet, es-
pecially, is described in considerable
detail.
Blowers. — The American Blower Co.,
Detroit, have issued bulletin No. 286,
entitled "Blower Equipment for the
Modem Foundry." An excellent article
on heating and ventilating the foundry,
is griven, dealing with that subject at
some length, siiowine' how their blowers
can be used to advantage. In addition
are articles or blowing equipment, ex-
haust systems, ABC forge blower, veu-
tilatinar apparatus, mechanical draft
apparatus for steam boilers, and ABC
vertical enclosed self-oiling steam en-
gines. An additional article at the
back of the Nook gives some interest-
ing figures on comparisons of isolated
lighting plant cost with central sta-
tion service.
Money and Labor Savers.— Is the title
of a large 12 double page catalogue of
neat design, issued by Walter Macl^eod
& Co., East Pearl St., Cincinnati, O.
As the cover states, it is for the busy
man who has not time to wade through
a large catalogue, and for that reason
is made very concise, containing no
reading matter whatever, only titled
illustrations, of which there are several
dozen, of a good size. Fuller catalogues
of the various machines are also to be
had. Among the articles illustrated
are the Buckeye lead and babbitt meltin '
furnaces, heater for foundry, heaters of
general types, carbide lights, kerosene
lights, locomotive and car tire heaters,
weed burners, oil furnaces and forges,
water softening plants, paint and white-
wash sprayers, and sand blasts. For
r«ady reference, it is extremely handy.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
83 Front 8t. W., Toronto
RAM Q »"d SUPPLIES
llAAILO New tnd Second-hind
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc
Old Material Bought and Sold.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
^ALL KINDS-^
Difflculf Core Work a Specially
Hi^h Grade ■ Righf Prices • Prompl Delivery
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
ase CATHtRINt STREET NORTH
HAMILTON . ONT
FOR
TALL KINDS OF MACHINE '
WORK, MADE IN
WOOD. BRA55
'WHITE METAL OR IRON
by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
87 Jarvi5 5t.Torot2to.,Canadak
Pat*ter'ns. Models
WdopoR Metal"
DRAU6H\
Sftecim Macniti w
.IB MA^y5T.llAMlLT<3N;0NT
' -''i' 'r n r 1 — '-* ' - '' "
The Field for Commercial Grinding
f^ RINDING iu various forms has been
^"^ kuown to man from the very be-
ginning of history, yet it is doubtful if
manj' engineers have a clear conception
of the field for metal grinding. Experi-
ence (as a specialist) covering twenty-
five years has taught me that the usual
thought of grinding is that it is a slow,
tedious, expensive, but sure method of
obtaining accuracy, and that where great
accuracy is not required grinding should
not be done.
When, within the recollection of the
writer, mechanics made their own solid
glue and emexy wheels with which to
grind small hardened tool work, it did
not occur to them that they could do by
grinding a certain part of the work that
they were using steel tools for, because
it was grinding, and was slow. More-
over, all nice work must of necessity
take lots of time, because our older
mechanics had said so. It did not occur
to them that we could ever have better
grinding wheels and better machines in
which to use them.
It was at this point in our reasoning
that the majority of engineers rested
and it is here that we find a large num-
ber now. All engineers admit the exact-
ness of grinding, but most of them still
believe it to be slow.
Appleton's Cyclopedia of Applied
Mechanics, published as late as 1893,
says that emery wheels are employed
mainly for producing cutting edges and
for smoothing surfaces. Again it says
that in all eases of the employment of
emery wheels in place of steel cutting
tools, the operation is considerably slow-
er, and it may be laid down as a rule
•Ahstnipt of paper read at New York meet-
ing of Amerlpan Society of Mechanical Engl-
neers. December, 1910.
••Norton Grinding Co., Worcester, Mass.
By C. H. Norton * *
that save upon metal too hard to be
operated upon with steel tools, the emery
wheel cannot compete with the ordinary
lathe, planer, milling tool, etc. My ob-
servations convince me that a great
many American, engineers hold the same
views.
What the Wheel Will Do.
As a specialist for many yea'-s, I have
seen a gradual but sure increase of
knowledge of grinding and have noted
the widening of the field as the result,
but I am not aware that the intelligent
study of grinding has been taken up by
professional engineers or by any insti-
tute of technology. The intelligent use
of grinding yields such large returns
that it wan-ants careful study by the
very best engineering and scientific
minds and a place in the courses of our
technical schools. The field is constant-
ly broadening with each year's improve-
ments in grinding wheels and g^rinding
machines, and it is time that men of
brains and education took a hand with
us to help the world to a better know-
ledge of the science of grinding and
grinding wheels.
The results thus far attained warrant
a change of the world's idea of grinding
and instead of using it as a synonym for
slowness, tediousness and drudgery, it
should be a synonym for rapidity, ac-
curacy and economy.
The fact that grinding with the mod-
em grinding machine and grinding wheel
(not emery wheel) is that it enables us
to size all around work cheaper than by
turning and filing, that it takes the place
of what we formerly called the finish
cut of the lathe and all filing, giving us
not a theoretical perfect cylinder or per-
fect finish, but a much nearer perfect
cylinder and finish than we obtained
with the lathe. It gives us diameters to
such small limits as to be called exact,
but whoever insists that none but exact
V/ork be ground loses the very pith of
grinding, which is economy. Modem
grinding means cheaper cost for all work,
many grades of work to suit many re-
quirements, and cheaper turning than is
possible without the use of the grinding
machine.
As a rule, the coarser the turning the
greater tlie economy by grinding. The
greatest economy is obtained by the com-
bination of cheaper turning and grind-
ing. It is no longer necessary to turn
work smootli, straight or correctly to
size, and the lathe is no longer necessary
as a precision tool. K it has a carriage
traverse of from four to ten threads per
inch, has sufficient power to carry high-
speed tool cuts at that feed and is well
supplied with steady rests to prevent
springing of the work, it is ready for co-
operation with the grinding machine. It
is easier with modern grinding machines
and wheels to grind off a given amount
of metal wlien in the form of crude
screw threads than in any other form,
and with long work having several sizes
the grinding requires less time if 1-32 to
5-64 inch is left on the diameter for
grinding than if the work is turned care-
fully to within 0.002 to 0.005 inch. In
all cases, accurate turning increases the
total cost of production and in some it
makes the grinding very expensive. The
greatest economy is usually obtained by
the combination of grinding with rough
turning. Yet there are cases where the
least expensive way is to grind direct
without turning, notably the greater
part of crankshafts of automobiles and
small gas engines and very long and
slender work where turning is difficult.
34
CANADIAN MACHINERY
It is not an easy matter to secure such
lough turning as true economy requires
in connection with grinding. Lack of
knowledge of what is needed, coupled
with the natural pride the workman
takes in doing what tradition says is
nice lathe work, prevents the grinding
machine from doing what it is ready to
do. Our industries are losing much
while waiting for the engineer to assume
the intelligent guidance of foreman and
workmen who, through fear, douht or
prejudice now rob us of the great econo-
mies due to modern grinding machines.
There is much yet to be learned by fore-
men and workmen about turning. High-
speed steel makes possible much that has
not as yet become common knowledge.
The lathe is a very old tool and fore-
men and workmen have known it for
generations, yet I have been unable to
tind more than two instances where a
careful study has been made of the com-
bination of lathe work and grinding to
effect the maximum saving. I have ob-
served that lathe men have not tried to
remove metal by increasing the number
of cuts and using fast traverse. When
urged to take coarse feeds to help the
grinding machine to effect a total sav-
ing, they have invariably said that they
were feeding all that the work would
stand. It has been demonstrated that
three cuts with a carriage traverse of 6
per inch produced certain work in 9 min-
utes that required 13 minutes to turn in
one cut, because the work was so frail
that with one cut no faster feed than 32
per inch could be taken. The rough-
ridged surface was readily ground by
taking one minute more than when the
turning was flner, the net saving for the
job being three minutes. In many cases
the ridged surface requires no additional
time.
In another case where the work was
quite firm and was being revolved at a
very high speed with a view to getting
everything possible from the high-speed
tool, the turning required five minutes
and the grinding one minute. A change
wa.s made in the feed of the lathe so
that without revolving the work any
slower it was turned in one minute, leav-
ing a very crude, crooked and bad-look-
ing piece of lathe work. The grinding
then required two minutes, but the net
time saved was three minutes. What did
it matter how bad looking a lathe job it
was if the finished work was perfect and
three minutes was saved?
Qrinding Makes Old Tools Useful.
There is a rich field for engineers and
managers in connection with the latlie
and modem grinding. Recent lathe de-
signs provide for higli speed of revolu-
tion, with sufficient power, quick change
lo and from back gears, and sufficient
rigidity to utilize to the limit high-speed
steel, but much work is not of sufficient
rigidity to pennit the maximum use of
the tool at fast traverse and deep cuts.
In addition, there are thousands of
lathes of old design that will not be
thrown away at once. There is, there-
fore, an opportunity to get much moi'e
out of present plants by cheaper turn-
ing because of grinding.
Developments warrant the conclusion
that we should no longer assume tliat
simply because a tool is a giinding wlieel
it cannot remove metal and size and
Fig. 1 — Mieruphotogiaph of fhlps from modern
grtnding wbeel. Note the resemblance of ..
these fragments to lathe chips.
sliape work as .quickly as a steel tool.
Rather, we sliould use the steel tool wlien
it can be made to remove metal, size and
shape work cheapest, and the grinding
wheel when it excels. It is no longer to
be taken as a matter of course that we
can turn, plane and mill faster than we
can grind. After all, the real reason we
Klg. 2— .MIoroiihotofriaph of chips from modern
grinding wheel.
remove metal is to accomplish certain
finished results, not simply to secure a
certain number of pounds of chips in a
given time. Before long I think all pro-
gressive engineers will understand that
both the grinding wheel and the steel
tool have their place for metal cutting.
The old thought of abrasion must give
way to the new tliouglit of cutting.
While it is still true that poor wheels
oi' good wheels poorly selected and
wrongly used will still remove metal vei'v
slowly by abrasion, it is also true that
the old-fashioned milling cutter, with
tine teeth cut by hand with a file, hard-
ened but never ground, and used in the
old-time slender milling machine would
very slowly abrade the surface. The
modern grinding wheel, used in a mod-
ern machine by a modern man, is just
as surely a milling cutter as if it were
made of steel.
The microscope reveals the fact that
such a wheel cuts off chips. Fig. 1 is
from a raicrophotograph and clearly
shows the chips that are as surely cut
ofl as those made with a steel milling
cutter. The grinding wheel used was
a modern one made of crystalline alum-
inum oxide.
Fig. 2 is also from a microphotograpli
and shows the result of the old-fashioned
iibrasioii described by Webster as grind-
ing to powder. Here we see tlie effect
of great heat, the greater part of the
powder being in the form of globules.
This is magnified to the same extent as
Fig. 1 and shows the vast difference be-
tween tlie old-time abrasion to powder
and the present cutting chips. A large
part of the energy put into work was
wasted in heat, as shown by the very
small globules in Fig. 2. The wheel
used for Fig. 2 was an emery wheel like
tliose referred- to in Appleton's Cyclo-
pedia of 1893.
TARIFF ON RE-ROLLED RAILS.
For some years rails which have been
le-rolled in the United States have been
admitted into Canada on payment of a
duty equivalent to 25 per cent, of the
work done on them. The Canadian gov-
ernment has issued an order-in-council
which states that a mill has been estab-
lished in Canada adapted for re-rolling
rails used on railway tracks weigliing
not less than 56 pounds a lineal yard
when re-rolled, and orders that the spec-
ial duty on such re-rolled rails shall be
abolished and that they shall be subject
to the general tariff. Hereafter rails re-
rolled in the United States can only be
re-imported on the payment of $7 per
ton. It is charged that new rails have
been brought in as re-rolled rails.
INCREASING THEIR STAFF.
Merril Z. Fox, for the past six years
connected with the Hill & Orifflth Co..
Cincinnati, has joined the Detroit Foun-
dry Supply Co., of Detroit, St. Paul and
Windsor, Ont., as vice-presdent. The
Detroit Foundry Supply Co. announce
also that they have secured the services
of J. H. Lyle who will cover the states
of Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, and H.
E. Moyer, who will cover the states of
Indiana, Ohio and the Dominion of Can-
ada. The Detroit Foundry Supply Co.
are congratulating themselves on secur-
ing the services of these men wlio under-
stand the foundry lines thoroughly.
Efficiency of Tools and Economy in Their Manufacture
By W. M. Townsend »
Sovie Points Front a Paper Rend Before the Canadian Railway Club, Relative to the Mak-
ing of Cheap and Efficient Tools, Including Milling Cutters,' Tools for Lathes, Planers,
Shapers and Slotters; Drills and Reamers.
"ITARIOUS kinds of milling machines
are becoming more prominent
in removing surplus stock from ma-
chine and locomotive paa-ts, hen«e the
nt:'eisity of having dwrable milling cut-
ters.
To obtain an efficient milling cutter
there are two points which are essen-
tial, namel.v high tipeed' steel and ;i
spiral or itelical cutting edga The lat-
ter quality may not appeal to some, due
to the fact that an inserted tooth cut-
ter made from a mild sleel body with
a high speed steel blade inserted at an
angle oi about 12 d^'grees, answers fair-
ly well. This, however, is a great mis^
take. To obtain a clean cut it is neces-
sary to have a ■certain anid/ constant
angle of rake or lip to the milling cut-
ter. This can be obtained only by hav-
ing a helical or spiral cutting edge.
To construct th« milling cutter that
wtill give the best results and still ad-
here to the pnineiple of strict economy
(the point which I wisb to emphasize
mostly in this paper), we must first of
all consider its diameter. We will tirst
speak of cutters having a diameter of
over 6 inches. Keeping close to our
principle of economy, we apply to the
scrap heap for material; there we will
find crop ends of billet steel sawn from
the ends of driving axles, which make
an ideal body for an inserted tooth higli
speed steel milling cutter. The scrap
value of these crop ends is very small,
hence the low cost for the body of the
cutter. Now, to procure high speed steel
for the blades in an economical manner
(which if cut from the steel bar would
cost 50 cents per pound), we collect all
the broken and short high speed tools
that cannot be further used on planers,
.shapers, lathes, etc. These are hammer-
ed into blades %xli4x5 inches long.
The cost of material for the blades is
covered by the cost of labor in ham-
mering out the steel plus its scrap
value, which is very small. So much
for the economy in procuring material.
We will now turn our attention to
the design, upon which depends the ef-
ficiency. The bodies, after having been
bored, turned, and faced, are milled
with slots % in. wide, % in. deep, IVv
in. apart, at an angle corresponding to
a predetermined helix or spiral. The
blades are then fitted and slightly calk-
ed. The cutter is then set up on a uni-
•Supervlsor of Tools, Montreal Locomotive
Co.. Mdntreal.
vinsal milling machine, and I he froiil of
the blades milled spiral. This gives a
constant angle of rake or lip from one
end to the other. This insures an equal
strain along the whole length of the
blade. On the other hand, if the blades
an' merely put in on an angle and not
milled si>iral, the lip or rake of the cut-
ler is iiTegular. It can readily be seen
that from one end of the cutter to the
centre there will be a decreasing lip,
while from the centre to the other end
of the cutter there will be an increasing
drag. This causes an unevenness in the
cut and also a tendency to break and
pull out the blades on the drag side.
So much for cutters having a diameter
over six inches.
Inserted tooth cutters with a diam-
eter much less than six inches are not
practical, due to the fact that a slot cut
at an angle across the top of the cutter
body would be very irregular in depth,
hence the impossibility of holding the
blade. Take for example a blank cut-
ter body 5 inches diameter, 10 inches
long, cut a slot through the top at an
angle of about 15 deg., you would have
a d^pth of about % inch in the centre,
while at either end there would be no
depth to speak of. This can be avoided,
however, by dividing the cutter into
short sections, thereby lessening the
unequal depth caused by cutting a slot
at an angle to the axis of the cutter,
but the high cost of this method does
not warrant its adoption.
Cost Figures.
The general practice, in making cut-
ters of smaller dimensions, is to use
carbon steel costing about 14e. per
pound. This is altogether unnecessary
and extravagant. Billet crop ends se-
lected from high carbon billets such as
are used for driving axles, piston, and
side rods, carefully hammered, out-
classes in every way the ordinary tool
.steel. In the first place its cost, ham-
mered to size, is about 1V2<'- P**i" pound,
as compared with 14c. per pound for
tool steel. Secondly, it is tougher, and
the teeth will not break when a heavy
cut is put on, such as is the case with
tool steel, and the cutting edge stands
up equally as well. The success of this
method, of course, depends upon the
treatment of hardening. This, however,
is very simple, and consists of carefully
packing the tools to be hardened in a
mixture of salt and raw bone, placed in
an air-tight box, which should Im»
brought and kept to a heat of 1,500
deg. P'ali. from 24 to 48 hours according
to size, then drawn from the box and
quickly immersed in running clear
water. There is no need whatever of
drawing the temper, as the cutting edge
has the correct hardness, while the body
of the cutter remains very tough.
Hardening Cutters.
The question that you would natur-
ally raise at this point would be: How
deep can cutters be hardened in this
manner? I may say that a depth of
.1-8 inches ciiri be reached, or in other
words the cutter may be ground until
the tooth is almost ground away, leav-
ing no space for the chips to get away.
When a cutter reaches this stage, it can
be annealed, recut, and rehardened, as
often as the thickness of material will
allow, without affecting the quality of
the cutter.
Some three years ago a test was made
at our works to determine the advantage
of using high speed steel cutters for a
certain class of work, namely — milling
out jaws of side rods, transmission
bars, radius bars, combination levers,
etc. It was found that the high speed
steel cutters broke from the vibration
and pressure brought to bear upon
them, whilst cutters of the same design
made from billet steel case hardened,
did the work very satisfactorily without
breaking, running at the same speed and
feed. I wish to remind you that what
I have said .so far regarding milling cut-
ters refers to cutters used for straight
milling. Cutters used for milling gears,
taps, reamers, and irregular shapes
should, in my opinion, be made from
high speed steel.
In studying the efficiency and econ-
omy of tools, we must not forget to
consider the quality and qnantitj' of
work required of them.
Tools for Lathes, Etc.
We now come to tools such as are
used on lathes, planers, shapers, and
slotters. There are many brands of
high speed steel on the market at the
present time, and T have tried almost
all of them, but will not express my
opinion regarding their merits, as it
would make this paper appear as an
advertisement. I believe, however, that
if we wish to ascertain which is the
most etflcient steel, we should give every
36
CANADIAN MACHINERY
brand an extensive trial, making an in-
dividual record of each, and determin-
ing which is the best, as compared to
the price paid for it. Different shops
have different materials tu contend with,
and the formulae used in the composi-
tion of steel differ, so tliat sonic brands
are better for cut tin;? one class of ma-
terial, while other brands are better for
cutting other classes of material. This
is why I contend that each shop should
test out every brand and see which is
best adapted for its requirements.
Using High Speed Steel Tips.
High speed steel is an immense item
in large machine shops, and great care
should be exercised in order to avoid
waste. A great saving may be made, by
observing the following practice. In
making finishing tools, instead of usinjj
a piece of high speed steel, sa^ 1^4 i"-
by 214 in. by 15 in. long, costing about
six dollars, we go back to the old re-
liable, and use a piece of billet steel,
leaving it as large as the tool post will
admit, and weld a tip to it made of high
speed steel. The finished cost of this
tool is about one-eighth of the solid high
speed steel tool and is just as efficient
for these reasons: The billet steel is
sufficiently strong to withstand the
pressure brought upon it for a finisliing
cut. It does not require dressing any
oftener than the solid tool, but it does
require a little more care.
I will now explain a little more clear-
ly how this tool is made. As stated be-
fore, we take a piece of high carbon
billet from the scrap heap, and draw it
out to the required dimensions. One
end is then scarffed ready to receive the
high speed steel tip which is wedge
shaped. The toolsmith fits the two
parts fairly well together before weld-
ing to ensure a neat weld. The parts
after having been prepared are then
heated, the tip being allowed to heat
longer than the body, owing to the ne-
cessity of the former being of a much
higher temperature than the latter to
allow for welding. When both are at
a welding heat they are quickly with-
drawn, a piece of Lafitte welding com-
pound is jjlaced between them and ham-
mered lightly together. The tool is then
reheated, care being taken to place the
nose of the tool in such manner that it
will be most exposed to the fire, When
the required heat is reached the tool is
quickly withdrawn and placed between
a former under a steam hammer and
given a light sharp blow. In case of the
tip being displaced, it will not do to try
and knock them into place again. The
tip must be cut away and refitted, and
a fresh piece of the compound used. The
tool is then treated in the same manner
as a high speed steel tool. These tools
have been used until the tip has been
ground right down to the weld.
I would not advise making heavy
roughing tools in this manner, as the
billet steel body would not stand the
pressure required by a roughing tool
such as is used on a heavy planer. A
tool o£ this description, however, an-
swers well when used on a lathe where
the point does not project far from the
tool post, also where the cut is conti-
nuous and not intermittent, as is the
case on a planer. You can readily see
« liere, the sa\-iug comes in, if this meth-
od is only applied to finishing and lathe
tools.
Twist Drills.
I will now draw your attention to
twist drills. Twist drills made Irom
carbon steel with the exception of job-
bers' drills, that is, drills up to i" dia-
meter, are almost a thing of the past,
high speed steel drills having taken their
place. The original design of the high
speed drill was exactly the same as the
ordinary carbon drill with the exception
of the material used. This, however,
has proven to be inefficient and expen-
sive due to the following reasons : In
the first place, to obtain proper results
from a high speed drill, it is necessary
to have adequate space to allow the
chips to free themselves from the drill,
as the flutes will soon choke up owing
to the increased feed and speed of the
drill. The fluted high speed drill has not
this advantage. It is expensive for this
reason. To make a drill of this design,
it is necessary to use a round bar of
solid steel, cutting away 50 per cent, of
it to form the flutes. Yet there are
men who will tell you that this design
of drill is the best and cheapest on the
market.
Best High Speed Drill.
1 will now give my opinion as to
which is the best high speed drill and
the reason why. A high speed steel drill
with a twisted section about half way
between the flat twisted section and the
standard milled drill is the most effi-
cient and economical, from the fact that
it takes just one-third of the steel to
make it^ and efficient because of the ade-
quate space for the chips to clear, thus
preventing clogging and choking. The
feed can be doubled due to this advan-
tage. T have found in my endeavor to
reduce the cost of tools, that in the
average shop where locomotives and
heavy machines are built, they have suf-
ficient equipment to make efficient high
speed drills with a saving from 10 per
cent, to 50 per cent. The same may be
said of all kinds of taps, especially those
used in boiler construction. These re-
marks may seem severe to the tool sup-
ply men here with us to-night, but this
is one point which I feel that I cannot
leave out, seeing that our subject is
along the lines of economy.
Reamers.
A few words may be said regarding
reamers. There are many styles of
straight reamers, all of which have their
advantages, which leaves me with noth-
ing to say regarding them. Taper ream-
ers are different in their action, however ^
inasmucli as the whole part of the ream-
er that comes in contact with the work
is cutting equally, whereas, in the
straight reamer, the extreme end is the
only part that cuts, the rest of the
reamer only acting as a guide. It is
this difference of action that I now wish
to discuss. In all railroad shops there
is a great amount of taper reaming to
be done ; this calls lor a different class
of reamer. Having visited some of the
large locomotive works and enquiring
from others, I find that their practice is
to use the straight fluted taper reamer
—some of them have the teeth staggered,
others equally spaced. 1 beg to state
that this style of reamer is decidedly
wrong. Reamers that are required to
cut equally their full length of flute
should be milled with a left hand spiral
cutting edge, having an angle of about
20 deg. ; the pitch or distance between
the teeth should be about f", leaving
ample space for the chips to clear, thus
preventing clogging and tearing of the
hole. The advantages of this style of
reamer are : It takes about 30 per cent,
less power to drive it ; it never chat-
ters ; it never digs in ; the tang does not
twist off ; the teeth do not break oB ;
they are easy on crank shafts and can be
driven with an air motor, where straight
fluted reamers would stick. Now this
may appear that I am claiming a little
more than what is true, but these are
actual facts that have been tried and
proven.
There are two reasons for the success
of this style of reamer, namely, the
spiral cutting edge which gives the ream-
er a shearing action instead of a straight
drag (which must necessarily follow
with a straight flute), also to the fact
that the line of cut parallel to the
length of reamer is divided, due to the
angular cutting edge which is not paral-
lel to the line of cut. The even and
regular curl of chip made by this reamer
will also convince you of the correctness
of design. The cost of these reamers is
a trifle less than the straight fluted
reamers, on account of the fewer number
of teeth to be cut. This applies gener-
ally to reamers having a diameter of
li" and under, with a flute of from 14"
to 16", standard taper 1-16" to 12".
Large Diameter Reamer.
A word or two may be said regarding
reamers of large diameter, such as cross-
head reamers both for piston and wrist
pin fit. For cheapness and durability
these may be made in the same manner
as solid milling cutters, as mentioned in
the previous part of this paper. Select
CANADIAN MACHINERY
37
a piece of high carbon billet from the
scrap heap, have the forging well ham-
mered, machine and case harden, and you
will have a tool that is equal to the fin-
est tool steel made. You will find that
the cost will be about one-tenth of that
of good tool steel.
There are many other items of inter-
est whereby great savings can be made,
but as our subject covers such a wide
area, I must confine my remarks to one
or two thoughts in general. Before con-
cluding, I wish to state that AN IM-
MENSE SAVING MAY BE MADE BY
ANNEALING ALL BROKEN AND
WORN-OUT TOOLS, IMMEDIATELY
THEY ARE OUT OP SERVICE. This
being done they should be arranged in
open bins or racks, so that when the
foreman of the tool room requires ma-
terial, he looks over his stock of anneal-
ed scrap (I mention annealed for the
reason that very often a piece of scrap
material is available, but it is necessary
to wait while it is being annealed) and
very often finds exactly what he wants
without drawing from the regular stock.
Another feature regarding economy, is
the correct distribution. T mean by this
that EVERY MAN SHOULD HAVE
ALL THE TOOLS HE REQUIRES
AND NO MORE. I say this because it
is well-known fact that workmen have a
habit of collecting and storing up under
lock and key, all the tools they can pos-
sibly lay their nands on, for their own
individual use.
You can readily see that with this
practice, if not watched and kept in
hand, in large plants many thousands of
dollars may be invested and nothing ac-
complished.
In summing up these remarks, I think
you will agree with me, when I say that
IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY IN
LARGE PLANTS, TO HAVE A MAN
THAT, IS FULLY ACQUAINTED WITH
EVERY DETAIL OF TOOL DESIGN,
TOOL PURCHASING, AND TOOL DIS-
TRIBUTION, TO PROPERLY EFFECT
A SYSTEM WHICH WOULD RESULT
IN EFFICIENCY. AND ECONOMY. I
might add that these duties cannot be
expected of the tool room foreman, as
his duties confine him to the tool room.
Under these circumstances the man ap-
pointed to perform the duties of econo-
mizing in cost, and designing efficient
tools, should have the liberty, to watch
all machine shop operations, and to have
full supervision of tool room practices.
This syst^-m is in vogue in some of the
large locomotive works in the United
States and one that I know of in Can-
ada. This system, if adopted by some
of the other large plants, would, I feel
sure, bring about results worth noting.
A User's View of the Machine Tool Problem
By John Riddell "
Some Suggestions Looking Toward Improvement in Lathes, Automatic Screw Machines
and Drills, With the Idea of Reducing the Number of Operations That These Machines
are Usually Made Capable of, so as to Accord More With Actual Service. The Preblem
of Safe-guarding Machinery is Dealt With, to Show That Much yet Remains to be Done
to Ensure Immunity From, Accident Through Carelessness or Otherwise. The Paragraphs
on Noise in Machine Shops, and Muslin Pinions, Will Appeal to Onr Renders as Items of
More Than Passing Interest in the Record of Progress.
TN factories having a very large out-
*" put, there must necessarily be a
great deal of repetition work, such as
cylinders, valves, connecting rods, crank
and cam shafts, transmissions, etc. It
would seem that most of these parts
should be made on very special tools.
Lathes.
The writer has been considering seri-
ously for a number of years the advis-
ability of having instead of standard en-
gine lathes, simple turning machines, to
produce such pieces as small shafts,
which are required in more or less large
quantities. It has been the practice for
a long time, when if several lathes were
required tor any particular department,
standard engine lathes would be pur-
chased, which machines would be fully
equipped with screw cutting, cross feed,
rod feed, compound rest, large and
small face plates, and very frequently,
with an extra block for large out-
side turning. Experience has taught us,
however, that an engine lathe once plac-
ed in one of our shafting departments
would, in many cases, wear itself out
before having to do any face-plate or
•Abstract of a paper read before the Na-
tional Machine Tool Builders' convention.
•♦General mechanical superintendent, Gen-
eral ?;iertric Co., Schenectady, N.T.
chucking work, and very seldom, screw
cutting. You can, therefore, see that
the cross feed, as well as screw cutting,
would be superfiuous.
Lathes for this work should be equipp-
ed with a powerful rod feed, and with a
suitable friction device which would slip
if the turning tool met with any ob-
struction, and prevent serious accident
to the machine.
Such machines should be so designed
that the screw-cutting attachment and
cross feed could be readily applied, if in
the future they should be required.
Many attempts have been made to
solve the problem of small shaft turn-
ing, with more or less success, but many
of the machines designed for this pur-
pose have been more or less complicat-
ed, which precludes the possibility of
putting inexperienced men on to run
them.
A lathe to be used exclusively for
shaft turning, say from about 2 to 4
inches in diameter, would not require
the range of speeds as for a standard
engine lathe. The lathe I have in mind
should have a range of speed of from
about 20 to about 250 revolutions per
minute for turning, and two or three
higher speeds for filing and polishing.
These speeds should possibly be between
450 and 600 revolutions per minute. It
is desirable in our case at least to have
such machines fitted tor electric motors.
The motors should have a speed varia-
tion of about two to one, which, with
two or three gear changes, should give
all the speeds necessary for a simple
turning machine.
Automatic Screw Machines and Txirret
Lathes.
The aiitomatic screw machine, in a
general way, is made so that six, seven,
or eight operations can be performed on
most any of them. A very large quan-
tity of work going through them re-
quires but two or three operations at
the most, such as milling, threading,
and cutting off. Many of the screw ma-
chines are so complicated that they will
perform the operations whether the
tools are actually working or not.
It would seem that machines could be
very much simplified by making some
do three or four operations only.
The same is true of some larger au-
tomatic turret machinery. Some of
these machines are designed for boring
and facing, but nevertheless, the turret
will have five or six positions, all of
which operations must be gone through
with whether there are but one or two
38
CANADIAN MACHINERY
simple operations to be peifortued, at
the loss oi much valuable time.
A great deal might be done toward
adapting multiple-spindle heads to
single-spindle presses. It is very doubt-
ful if, as at present constructed, it is
good judgment to put in too many ex-
pensive multiple-spindle drills, for the
reason that it takes so long to adjust
them for a small number of pieces.
Radial Drills.
Radial drills generally should be su
stiffened up as to permit of only the
smallest amount of spring to the arm.
I believe more drills are ruined by the
springing of arms, both under the actual
pressure and when a drill is breaking
through, than would be if it were not
for the springing referred to, as, under
the pressure of drilling the arm goes
up, and when the pressure is relieved
from the point the drills are forced
through, and, in many cases catch on
the lips and break.
Protected Devices and Wood-Working
Machines.
We have had considerable trouble at
the Schenectady works of the General
Electric Co. lately, in trying to con-
form to the new State laws, which are
very stringent as to the protective de-
vices on machine tools in general and
wood-working machines in particular. It
is an exceedingly difficult matter to so
protect buzz planers and circular saws
as to guard against carelessness and the
apparent indifference of the workmen,
and if someone would devise proper
ways and means for protecting such ma-
chines he would have the thanks and
blessing of the whole manufacturing fra-
ternity.
If an operator has a great many pieces
of a similar kind to either saw, plane
or shape, he may possibly take pains to
apply such guards, which are usually
provided, but if, as frequently happens,
a man wants to plane one single piece
or saw a strip from a board, he will
not take time to adjust the safety ap-
pliance, and he is very apt to be caught.
This would point out the necessity of
having some suitable guards which
would always be available no matter
what the conditions were, and it would
seem that people producing this parti-
cular line of machinery would conjure
up something practicable and effective.
Punch Presses.
Punch presses in general are very well
designed, but they, like wood-working
machinery, are comparatively dangerous
to the fingers of careless or dreamy op-
erators. This would suggest automatic
feed mechanisms and something to take
the piece from the dies after the oper-
ation is completed. There have been in-
numerable devices of this kind exploited,
but nothing as yet .seems to cover the
ground fully.
Another defect in this class of machin-
ery is the fact that in many instances
when clutches and other parts come
loose, due to wear, they are very apt
to repeat the stroke. This frequently
happens when a man's hand is between
the dies. Such accidents should be im-
possible until the operator deliberately
steps on the treadle.
Noise in Machine Shops.
It has been pointed out that there is a
great deal of gear noise in the machine
shops of the present day. I am sorry to
admit that this is true, but it is not
wholly due to the fact that there are
more gears used in the construction of
machine tools. It is more especially
due to the higher speeds at which ma-
chines are run to-day, as compared to
ten or twenty years ago. Before the
advent of high-speed steels 20 feet was
considered to be a fair cutting speed for
an ordinary steel shaft or a piece of
cast iron to be either turned or planed;
whereas to-day, we are actually turn-
ing shafts at from 7ij feet to 125 feet
per minute. So it will readily be seen
that machines to-day are producing from
three to six times more work than they
did a few years ago ; hence it should
follow that there would be more noise
due to machine tools producing this
extra amount of work. These gear
noises are very unfortunate, but we
hope by improved gear-cutting machinery
and the use of various other materials
which have recently been introduced,
that this trouble will gradually disap-
pear.
Muslin Pinions.
We have introduced gears at our
Schenectady works and pinions made of
a high grade of muslin which have been
applied to a great variety of uses. We
have used one of them on a boiler-
maker's punch and shear which prev-
iously gave considerable trouble, not
only on account of noise, but in the ac-
tual breaking of the gears ; due to ex-
cessive back lash and flywheel action on
the machine. We had such wonderful
success with that particular pinion,
which has been running now some two
years, that we gradually extended the
use until now we are using them on two
10-foot planing machines, which are op-
erated by electric motors and compress-
ed-air clutches, as intermediate pinions
for the reverse motion. Heretofore we
have tried various substitutes, includ-
ing bronze, which would go to pieces in
two or three weeks ; steel would last
longer, but made an intolerable noise ;
rawhide would seem to skrink and burn
out quickly, and we very seldom could
find anything that would stand the work
longer than three or four weeks at the
most.
It is perhaps too early to say much
about the particular pinions in question.
but they have at present been running
four months and they have not yet be-
gun to show any signs of distress, and
it looks as though their life would be
as long as the gears with which they
mesh.
Test of Muslin Pinions.
I might ask your indulgence while I
describe what has recently been done
with a pair of these pinions. As I said
before, we have been using them some
two years, and are gradually extending
their use, and have now (itted up a large
department at the Lynn Works of the
General Electric Co., where we can pro-
duce them in fairly large quantities,
but before putting them out in very
large quantities we desired to have a life
test to destruction, and with this in
view we rigged up two railway motors
opposed to each other ; one of which has
a cloth pinion on the armature shaft
running into a steel gear on counter-
shaft On the other end of this counter-
shaft is another cloth pinion engaging
with another large steel gear. The other
side of this steel gear engaging a cast-
gun-iron pinion of the same dimensions
as the cloth. This then connects with
its shaft and gear to a rawhide pinion
on the opposite motor. This particular
motor is resisted by rheostats to load
the motor which has the muslin pinion.
In starting this test it was found that
there were no results from a certain
load. This load was gradually increased
and when after stopping the motors to
examine the pinions, through some
oversight, an excessive, overload was
applied when they were again started.
The shock was so severe that it broke
about one-half of the teeth from the
gun-iron pinion, leaving the two muslin
pinions in as good condition as before.
.\nother gun-iron pinion was put on,
which also broke. A third was then
put on and the load reduced, and the
life test has now been running some two
or three weeks, and will be continued
until some of the gears actually wear
out, and not break.
I point this out to show the actual
strength of pinions made of this mater-
ial. So we have reason to believe that
with time the noises in machine shops
will gradually disappear as they came,
without, however, a corresponding re-
duction in output.
When the belt has become oil-soaked
and will not stay on the machine, a gt)od
method of cleaning it is as follows : Coil
the belt loosely in a tub of sufficient
size, and cover with whiting. Be sure
that the whiting gets in between tlie
eoils of the belt, and it will be only a
short time before the whiting will ab-
sorb the oil from the leather. It will
then only need to be wiped clean to be
ready for further use.
M
echanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinists
By B. P.
A Series of Progressive
Apparatus Necessary to
porta lit a Factor it ix of
'TpIIE ability to put one's ideas on
"paper" as it is called, is of more
import than at first sight apjjears, and
in i)assiiig let me say tliat without this
means of developing- and conveying
ideas from one to another, we would
not yet be far removed from the bar-
baric age in mechanical arts.
Purpose of Course.
You are not to run away with the
idea that the purpose is to make a
draftsman of you, and having that no-
tion decide that as you are a machinist,
this little instruction page need not be
i-ead. There will be, it is hoped, no
limit to any position of responsibility
or trust to which the instruction may
lead, but to you particularly is atten-
tion directed.
The course will start right at the be-
ginning so as to embrace all grades, and
care will be taken to make the work in-
teresting and not too heavy.
To those who have some experience
along tlie lines of our subject, there will
be found helpful hints and advice which
will amply repay joining in the study.
Difficulties of Study.
Experience goes to show that the
difficulty of those who would study in
their leisure hours is not one of making
a start, but rather a disinclination to
keep it up after a short trial. Drawing
and sketching is no exception in this
respect.
To guard against this trouble I wish
to point out a few of the causes why
this state of things obtains, so that you
may be on the alert when the symptoms
appear.
Most people are enthusiastic over
anything new, especially if it appeals
to their personal interests. Drawing
or the desire to be able to make one,
appeals to 95 per cent, of mechanics,
young and old, not only as a trade help,
but also as an enjoyable pastime and a
medium by which their imaginative
ideas and dreams may assume concrete
reality.
The enthusiasm born of this appeal to
study, will, as in every other like cir-
cumstance, bring a reaction, which com-
ing as it does at a critical time in a
drawing instruction course, will require
the exercise of a good deal of patient
determination.
The impression formed by nine out of
every ten who take up study is that the
•First of a series of an Icstructlon Course.
A lesson will be given each month.
Lessons Designed to Favniiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Make Simple Drawings to. Eacoarage them to Realize IfJlm-
Then- Equipment, as Well as Beiitq a Profitahle Pastime
acquirement of knowlege is easy. The
prospectus descriptions of drawing
<-(,uises are laigely to blame for this.
The acquirement of knowledge is easy
ill no sphere or profession, and what is
more to the point, the acquirement of
the habit of s'tudy is less easy still. Too
little stress is laid on the necessity of
this latter, in fact it is practically ig-
nored.
You liave been in tlie habit of going
out every night in the week after your
day's work, to have a little legit imale
recreation and amusement. You have
Adjustable Drawing Table.
often thought of studying mechanical
drawing, but on account of the want of
a iiroijer opjiortunity you have never
done so.
"Canadian Machinery," which you
know, is a reliable journal and to which
you have been subscribing for years,
comes along in February and outlines
just the course you have long looked
for. It takes little time for you to de-
cide what you will do, and to be sure
you lay your leisure time at its feet,with
a generous hand. "I'll give three
nights a week to this course, and run in
a fourth occasionally."
You. make this resolution without
counting the cost. You forget that
habits have been acquired that are an-
tagonistic to study, and that those
necessary cannot be donned in a mom-
ent as neither can the others be doffed.
Taking u]) the course with a rush as
it were ensures a reaction, and unfor-
tunately an unhealthy one at that. You
are endeavoring to bite off more than you
can chew, and my advice is — act cauti-
ously. Set apart one night per week or
at most two, and allow yourself to
gradually break off the old habits and
acquire the new.
l)oii"t believe that it in cany to leani
to draw, and that it can be mastered
in BO many days or weeks. Think of
your stage of proficiency in your own
I)articular line, and just figure to your-
self how long it has taken you to attain
It. Don't imagine that drawing is any
easier and you will assuredly succeed.
By looking the matter square in the
face thus, you will not get despondent
when the reaction sets in and you reg-
ister your progress as slow. You will
not be a "sticker," when you look dis-
gustedly at your drawing board, won-
dering where all the dirt came from
that is on youi- paper, or amazed at the
unintentional contortions you have giv-
en to .straight lines, the variety of thick-
ness of them, the seeming impossibility
of making a circle without showing half
a dozen joints and at the number and
size of holes your compass needle point
has been guilty of.
These experiences are real, troubles
which all who would aspire to the mak-
ing of a simple intelligible drawing will
meet, and to minimize and combat which
the advice and effort of this instruction
course will be directed on your behalf.
Operating Hints.
In order to keep the drawbg paper
as clean as possible, see that your hands
and finger-nails are carefully washed
and attended to before commencing
work.
Have your coat off, the sleeves of it
in contact with the drawing impart dirt
more or less.
Xever sharpen your pencils over your
drawing or in fact, over the table.
Use a hard pencil, say a .3H. it will
last longer, need shai-pening less often
and will assist in keeping the drawing
clean.
Wipe the dust from all your appar-
atus carefully with a clean duster be-
fore starting work, and cover up all
when you finish each time.
Keep the particles of ground rubber
brushed off the sheet, as they hein^'
coated with lead from the erased lines,
will, if allowed to remain, be crushed
against the paper by the movements
over them of the squares.
The last instruction on cleanliness is
keep your hands as far as is possible
from touching the paper. Most people's
hands perspire to a les.ser or greater
extent, and their contact consequently
is not conducive to a clean drawing.
Boiler Design, Construction, Operation, Repairing and Inspection
By H. S. Jeffrey
The Various Points in Connection With Boiler Pnictice Will he Clearly Taken up in
Thin Series. The First Article Deals With the Boiler Shell, Including Repairing, Factor
of Safety, Hydrostatic Test and Number of Courses. The Series trill be a Complete Text
Book on the Subject of Boilers, and They Should be Preserved for Reference.
THE points considered by tiie de-
signer in designing a boiler are
most important. The boiler should
be designed so as to permit pro-
per circulation of the water; to permit
the boiler to be easily inspected and
cleaned; to prevent undue stresses upon
Pig. 1.—
some members and iusufflcient stresses
upon other parts; to permit repairs to
be quickly and cheaply made; and the
proportion of parts to be such that the
boiler will be a free steamer.
(2) Any boiler, whether used or not,
will deteriorate. The deterioration is in
form of wasting and the wearing out of
the boiler, both internally and extern-
ally, such as pitting, corrosion, blisters
and grooving, all of which means the
repairing of the boiler, sooner or later.
The essential part of repairing a boiler
is to replace the defective part without
reducing the strength of the boiler at
that point any more than necessary,
and, of course, applying the patch or
new member in a manner to make the
boiler as serviceable or as n«ar as ser-
viceable as formerly.
The foregoing can best be accomplish-
ed by the mechanic understanding
the underlying principles of boiler
design and construction. This being the
age of specialists, many of those engaged
in boildrmaking are not well posted on
the forces acting upon the boiler. The
/
Fig. 2.-
riveter will understand fully about rivet-
ing; the flue man about the installation
of flues, and others thoroughly acquaint-
* Copyright by The KacLean Publishing Com-
pany. Limited.
* Flnt of a Krles of twelve artlclet on this
snbjeet.
od with their respective branches,
but the foregoing named speeailists not
being versed in boilermaking in all its
branches are not in a position to advise
as are all-around boiler makers with a
technical education.
The repairing of a boiler is really an
independent branch of boiler construc-
tion; it is re-eonstruetion. Boiler re-
pairing could be more cheaply and bet-
ter done if those making the repairs had
knowledge of the forces acting upon the
boiler, as well as the knowledge acquir-
ed by the operating engineer from con-
stant observation of the boiler while in
service, and especially the practicability
of a patch or new member as applied.
The BoUer Shell.
(3) The boiler designer in deciding
upon the diameter of the boiler shell
must bear in mi-nd the working pressure
foregoing respective forces a concrete
case of a seamless shell of 55,000 tensile
strength, 66 inches in diameter by 14
feet in length, and of plate %-ineh in
thickness will ba given.
The force acting on the girth plane
will be equal to the cross-sectional area
multiplied by the working pressure per
square inch. With a working pressure
of 100 pounds per square inch the total
force will be:
66X66X.7854X100=342,100 pounds.
The force resisting the foregoing is
the strength of the solid plate in the
transverse plane. The area of the plate
is found by multiplying the circumfer-
ence by the neutral diameter, which is
equal to the inside diameter, plus one
thickness of plate, or 66 inches plus
i inch, making 66§ inches.
Pig. s.-
per square inch, the factor of safety,
the efficiency of the longitudinal seam,
the tensile strength of the plates and
their thickness, and the type of boiler.
There are also practical considerations
which he must take into account, and
which will be mentioned later.
A boiler shell or cylinder has two
forces tending to rupture it. The arrow
A, Fig. 1, indicates the force acting on
the transverse plane, or cross-wise of
the vessel. The arrow B indicates the
force acting on the longitudinal plane,
or lengthwise.
Though the steam pressure per square
inch is the same throughout the boiler,
the force acting on the transverse plane,
generally called the girth plane, is about
one-half the force acting on the longi-
tudinal plane.
In rig. 1, the vessel is shown seam-
less, and in order to explain fully the
Then the area of the plate of the girth
plane upon which the force will act is:
661X3.1416X1=78.2 square inches.
The strength or the resisting force of
the plate of the girth plane will then be:
78.2X55,OOOt=4,301,000 pounds.
The force acting on the longitudinal
plane is equal to the area indicated by
points 1, 2, 3 and 4, Fig. 1, times the
working pressure in jwunds. Since the
vessel. Fig. 1, is 66 inches in diameter
and 14 foot, or 168 inches in length and
the working pressure is 100 pounds per
square inch, the total force acting on
the longitudinal plane will be:
66X168X100=1,108,800 pounds.
The resisting force of the plate of
the longitudinal plane will be the
length of the vessel from points 1 to
4, and points 2 to 3, Fig. 1, times
the thickness of the wall. The length
of the vessel having already been
stated to be 168 inches between points
1 ta 4, the combined length from points
1 to 4, and points 2 to 3, is twice 168
inches, or 336 inches. The thickness of
the wall of the vessel being |-inch and
the tensile strength of the plate being
55,000 pounds, then the resisting force
is :
336 X I X 55,000 equals 6,930,000 lbs.
Since the longitudinal seamless plane
has a resisting force of 6,930,000 pounds
and the total force acting on said plane
is 1,108,800 pounds, the ratio between
the ultimate strength and the acting
force is :
6,930,000
equals 6.25
1,108,800
The calculations in the foregoing par-
agraphs brought out that the force act-
ing on the transverse plane amounted
to 342,100 pounds, being resisted by a
force of 4,301,000 pounds, therefore, the
ratio between the ultimate strength
and the working pressure is :
4,301,000
equals 12.5
342,100
Examination shows that the trans-
verse load is approximately one-half the
longitudinal load, and, accordingly the
ratio between the ultimate strength and
pib. 4.-
the applied load on the transverse plane
is about twice the ratio between the
ultimate strength and the applied load
on the longitudinal plane.
Longitudinal and Girth Seams Ic
(4) Prominent among the many pro-
blems which arise in designing a steam
boiler is that of the arrangement of the
courses and riveted joints. Very few
vessels are mad© seamless, and, accord-
ingly the rings or courses composing the
vessel must be connected together in
some manner.
This is accomplished by the installa-
tion of rivet holes in the plates and
then securing the plates to one another
by over-lapping and riveting, or by
butting the plates and securing them by
butt or welt straps riveted to the ends
of the plates.
In Fig. 2 is shown a course of a boiler
as it would appear when rolled approx-
imately into shape, and no' holes in-
stalled for the seams. The calculations
for a seamless course brought out that
the vessel was twice as strong through
the transverse plane as the longitudinal
plane, and for this reason the designer
CANADIAN MACHINERY
can make the girth se^m a. Fig. 3,
single-riveted, while the longitudinal
seam must be made double-riveted, or
triple-rivoted, and with a high-pressure
boiler the longitudinal seam is made a
triple-riveted butt double-strapped joint
with the outer row of rivets in single
41
shear, all as shown at the longitudinal
seam b, Fig. 3.
The installation of the rivet holes
does not make it possible to make the
boiler at the longitudinal seam as
strong at that point as the solid plate
elsewhere in the longitudinal plane. The
strength of the longitudinal joint will
depend upon the type of riveted joint
and the size and pitch of the rivets.
The solid plate is to be considered as 100
per cent., and this is the case irrespec-
tive of the thickness of the plate, or its
tensile strength.
Since the longitudinal seam is less
than 100 per cent., and it is necessary
when computing the working pressure
to consider the strength or the efficiency
of the longitudinal seam, the following
formula, which is used by most author-
ities for ascertaining the allowable
working pressure of a vessel, is given :
Where :
TS equals tensile strength of plate in
Pounds.
T equals thickness of plate in inches.
D equals diameter of boiler in inches.
F equals factor of safety.
A equals allowable working pressure per
square inch.
TS X T X 2 X E
equals A
D X F
Factor of Safety
(5) It is not advisable to work a boiler
or any other structure at or near its
ultimate strength. There should be ron-
Flg. 6.—
siderable difference between the ultimate
strength and the allowable working
pressure. The ratio between the two
is called the factor of safety, and iu
boiler construction the minimum factor
of safety allowed by .nost authorities
is 4.
The factor of safety cannot be *et. in
an off-hand manner ; it must be derided
by the circumstances of the case. Thus
a boiler having all holes drilled in I'lace
and constructed with a double-.strapped
butt joint, will— and justly so~be al-
lowed a lower factor of safety than a
boiler of like size and design, bui with
the holes punched.
Many of the authorities nave enab-
lished the minimum factor of s.ifely at
4, and then add to it certain amounts
in accordance with the type of riveted
joint and the grade of workmanship.
Such rules and regulations encourage'
good design and workmanship.
A high factor of safety does not indi-
cate that the boiler is better construct-
ed than a like boiler with a lower factor
of safety. The minimum factor of
safety should not be less than 4— and a
boiler properly designed artd constructed
with a factor of safety of 4 is a safer
boiler than one poorly designed and con-
structed with a factor of safety of 6.
The Hydr-static Test.
(6) Merely because a steam boiler
withstands a given hydrostatic or cold
water test, it is no sign that the boiler
is safe. The test itself, if improperly
applied — that is, an excessive pressure
applied, will injure the boiler. The elas-
tic Kmit of the steel, which is about 50
per cent, of the ultimate strength of
the plate, must be taken into consider-
ation.
The elastic limit means the point
v^here the applied load begins to pro-
duce a permanent elongation. Up to
that point the metal will yield slightly,
but when the load is removed the metal
will return to its original length. It is
never safe to place a load on any struc-
ture beyond this point. A boiler con-
structed for a working pressure of 100
pounds steam pressure per square inch,
faetor of safety of 5, would burst at ap-
proximately 500 Pounds pressure per
square inch, but the danger point would
be reached at approximately 250 pounds
(or the elastic limit) if the square of
the section of plate in the longitudinal
seam is equal to the shearing strength
of the rivets.
This is assuming that the efiSciency of
the riveted joint is determined by the
plate, maximum net section of plate,
and the efficiency of the rivets exceeds
the latter to some extent. With a fac-
tor of safety of 4, the boiler will show
signs of distress at 200 pounds pressure,
for as soon as the clastic limit of the
plate is reached the plate begins to re-
duce in area, consequently a loss of
strength ensues which cannot be regain-
ed.
It must not be assumed that a boiler
constructed for 100 pounds pressure,
42
CANADIAN MACHINERY
factor of safety of 4, will be able to
sustain a hydrostatic pressure of 200
pounds per square inch without serious
and permanent injury to the plates. The
hypostatic test should at all times be
less than the elastic limit, and a cold
water test of one and one-half times the
allowable steam working pressure is
ample.
Nnmber of Courses in a Boiler Shell.
(7) In the earlier days the designer was
forced to give consideration to the size
of plates obtainable. With the intro-
duction of larger and heavier machinery
in the rolling mills, plates are now
made of greater thickness and length
and width than formerly, and, accord-
ingly the number of sections or courses
now composing a steam boiler are fewer
than brfore.
The steam pressure per square inch of
steam boiler has increased gradually in
late years, and this with the changes in
the plates has caused the whole field oi
boiler designing and boiler constructing
to undergo marked changes within the
past fifteen years.
The number of courses to bo used in a
horizontal tubular boiler is a question
upon which boiler designers are not all
of the same opinion. Some have ad-
vocated making large tubular boilers of
one course. This is the practice for the
shells of small size tanks and air drums
and like structures, and has given sat-
isfactory results, but the one course
large size boiler has been anything but
a success, and for reasons which will be
hereinafter given.
Others have advocated constructing
horizontal tubular boilers with a long
bottom course and several upper courses
as shown in Fig. 4. There is no advan-
tage in this form of construction in re-
gards to the costs of manufacture. This
plan of Construction is used principally
with large tanks, such as used by rail-
roads for transporting oil. Vessels o£
this design have given satisfaction in
the foregoing field, but what few boilers
of this design, where the shell is in con-
tact with the flames and hot gases, have
been a source of trouble almost from
the day they were installed.
The majority of boiler manufacturers
are now constructing tubular boilers
with either two or three courses. The
tendency is to favor the two-course
boiler. This is due to the fact that a
t-wo-course tubular boiler can be con-
structed somewhat cheaper than a three-
course boiler. The boiler manufacturer
in order to meet the demands for boil-
ers at low figures, naturally, designs
and constructs the type which has the
lowest first costs.
While the purchaser desires to pur-
chase everything as cheaply as possible,
which fact has been deeply impressed
upon the mind of the manufacturers, the
purchaser should take into considera-
tion the whole field and not merely first
costs.
The three-course tubular boiler as
shown in Fig. 5, is favored as thepiith
seams a and b stiffen the shell sheet,
while the stiffening of a two-course
boiler as shown in Fig. 6, is only one-
half that of the three-course boiler. Of
the above respective types of boilers,
experience has shown that a two-course
boiler with long longitudinal seams is
not as satisfactory as a three-course
boiler with short longitudinal seam, and
as a groneral rule a three course boiler
is more durable than a two-course
boiler.
There is also another point in favor
of the three-course boiler. The girth
seam of a three-course boiler is well
away from the bridge wall, the same
being indicated in Fig. 5, while the
girth seam of a two-course boiler is di-
rectly over the bridge wall, the same
being indicated in Fig. 6. With a three-
course boiler the impinging flame strikes
the shell sheet at about the point a,
Fig. 5, while with a two-course boiler
the impinging flame strikes the shell
sheet at or near the girth seam a,
Fig. 6.
While it is true that the girth seam
b of a three-course boiler is directly
over the furnace — and this is not the
case with a two-course boiler — the girth
seam b. Fig. 5, does not come in con-
tact with the impinging flame as does
the girth seam a, Fig. 6.
The foregoing considerations are up-
permost in the minds of boiler design-
ers when designing tubular boilers. In
addition thereto comes the question of
repairs. It has been found that a two-
course boiler is more liable to bag from
scale, mud and grease than a three-
course boiler, and further when trouble
of this character arises, a three-course
boiler tends to prevent the bag from
spreading over a groat distance, and
accordingly the repairing is usually less
with a three-course boiler than a two-
course boiler.
Machining a Flexible Joint for the Toronto Intake Pipe
The Variation in Levels, Where the Intake Pipe Extension is Being Laid at Toronto, Neces-
sitates the Changing of Direction by Using Ball and Socket Joints. The Machining of
These Large, Flexible Joints is an Interesting Problem ]]'hich was Solved by the Can-
ada Foundry, Toronto. .
'Ip HE intake for Toronto water sup-
•*■ ply etxends out into Lake Ontario.
For some time trouble has arisen from
sand and brushwood colleetingr around
the mouth of the intake. The Toronto
Board of Control and Council were im-
pressed with the idea that purer water
could be obtained farther out in the
lake and that the above troubles could
he eliminated.
City Entrineer Rust and Assistant
Engineer Fellows were instructed to ex-
tend the intake 500 feet. The extension
had to be made in deep water and the
pipe laid on a varying level of lake bed.
The extension has therefore created a
number of problems to be solved.
One of these problems was to make
provision for the change in direction of
the pipe due to the difference in levels.
For this purpose it was decided to use
two ball and socket joints. The ball
and joint must fit perfectly, otherwise
a leak would result. The machining of
these joints was therefore a very fine
piece of woi'k, necessitating absolute
accuracy. Two joints were made to fit
in between tiiree sections of pipe, each
168 feet lonfr, 72 inches diameter. The
plate u.sed was 5-8 inches thick, chan-
nel riveted to cast steel flan<<es and
turned to suit the radius of the bearing.
Fig. 1 shows the finished ball joint.
The contract for the flexible joints
was given to the Canada Foundry Co.,
Toronto, and Mr. Loach, the superin-
tendent devised the plan of machining
the work. This taxed the machinery to
a certain extent. It was finally accom-
plished on a large locomotive wheel
lathe built by the John Bertram & Sons
Co., Dundas.
Operations.
The machine operations on the ball
joint were as follows:
(1) The easting which is 7 ft. ,3 in.
outside diameter finished, was put on a
10 ft. boring mill, liored and faced on
outside and given a roughing cut to re-
move uneven metal.
(2) It was sent to the boiler shop and
riveted onto piping with flange. This
piping was short length and steel flanqjo
MACHINERY
niacle it easy to hold the casting cp the
face phite of the wheel lathe.
(3) The rigging was composed of a
ball-bearing turntable ordinarily used
for heavy drill press work, fastened in
the exact centre of the lathe underneatli
the easting; a bar connected the turntable
with the tool post which was remove.I
from original fittings and placed on a
surface i)late. A screw feed atlacli-
ment for moving tool post on a perfect
radius resulted in an excellent job and
an exact circular surface.
Mechanism Explained.
The tool post rested on the surface
plate A, Fig. 2, and was connected to a
ball bearing centre by the rod J, thus
making a solid connection between the
two. The tool post was fastened to a
plate with a lug E. The ratchet D was
fastened to the screw B. By operating
the ratchet, the tool post resting on the
shoes F, was drawn towards the lug C
which was permanently fixed to the s\ir-
face plate.
The casting has a steel pipe fastened
to it. This pipe has a flange by whicii
it was bolted in the lathe as shown at
H. On account of the weight of the
ball joint, it was braced from the face
plate shown on the right of the illus-
tration. Four braces were used, being
fastened solidly by means of turn-
buckles as shown at H. This arrange-
ment prevented any moving of the work
during the machining operations. The
result was a perfect ball joint.
PERSONAL.
Geo. D. Leacock has been appointed
travelling representative for the Pack-
ard Electric Co. for the territory be-
tween Kingston and the Soo. His head-
quarters will be in Toronto.
• • •
Laurence T. Walls, of the Dominion
Wire Mfg. Co., Montreal, lias accepted a
position in the Winnipeg office of the
Steel Co. of Canada, as assistant to Mr.
Hanna, manager of the Northwest sales
branch of the Steel Co.
• • »
J. T. Brower. manager and engineer
of the Structural Steel Co., Longue
Point, will become general manager of
the National Bridge Co., of Montreal.
He will take charge of the National
Bridge Co. on March 1.
• * •
Tho.s. Moore has been appointed man-
ager of the Belleville Rolling Mills,
which is a branch of the Steel Co. of
Canada. Mr. Moore was connected witli
this firm shortly after it started in busi-
ness, but i-esigned to take position of
salesman witli the Canada Screw Co.,
Hamilton.
4a
Fig.
]— Flexible Joint, Designed "by' the' To rouro" Waterworks 'oepaTtTnTiTt'Tor the
Intake Extension.
Fig. 2
-A Ball ,Iiiin( made at the Canada Poundrv. Toronto, for tlip Toron
Supply Intake.
to Water
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
TURNING DIE SECTIONS OF
LARGE RADn.
By J. H. Rodgers.
The accompanying sketch shows an at-
tachment placed on a gap lathe for the
purpose of turning the portion of a
circle of large radius, as found on a
blanking die for pail or tub sections,
and other similar work, within the
range of the attachment.
The large bracket A is secured to the
bed of the lathe B in such a position
that the back of the plate P rides on
the surface of the face plate F.
The plate P is kept in contact with
the face plate F by the pin P and the
block L. At the rear of the plate P
is secured a bracket K, which carries
one end of the shaft S, the other end
passing through the swivel block R,
which is free to turn in tBe piece H.
H can be secured in the slot as shown
to suit the radius being turned as a — ^b.
The pin P is secured to the face plate
in a position that gives the desired
cleaner, quicker^ and gives better results
than the ordinary fluted reamer; does
not bind, and can be sharpened in a few
minutes on an ordinary flat emery
wheel, and saves toolroom time by do-
Taper Dowel Hole Beamer.
ing away with the necessity of having
an experienced toolmaker grind it.
The tool is made from li inch round
stock; the shank being turned to fit
machine spindle, the body turned to re-
quired taper and milled out to J-in.
thickness, leaving, a 1-in. diameter turned
pilot end, to steady the tool in opera-
tion, and ensure a true hole. The cut-
Turning Die Sections of Large Radtl.
travel to the work W, which is fastened
to the plate P.
As the lathe spindle revolves it gives
an up and down motion to the work,
similar to the action of a shaper, only
the tool is stationary, while the work
is in motion.
TAPER DOWEL HOLE REAMER.
By L. R. Brown.
The sketch and description refers to a
tool used in the C.P.R. Angus shops,
Montreal, for reaming taper dowel plug
holes in locomotive driving box crown
brasses. It is cheaper to make, cuts
ting edges are filed to give the neces-
sary cutting clearance, and these only
should be ground.
GETTING GOOD WORK FROM
"SHAKY" VISE.
By G. B. Marquette.
Most of us have experienced trouble in
getting a block or key which is to be
held between the jaws of the vise to lay
flat on the parallel bars A, just as the
movable jaw tightens on the job, the
slackness in the jaw lifts the piece of
work. Time after time the vise is
slackened and tlgbtQiied again. It would
not be hammered down. Time is being
wasted for the machine stands idle.
Take a piece of f-in. rod, insert between
the movable jaw of the vise and the
work and tighten. Instead of the slack-
ness in the jaw lifting our work, the
CSetting Good Work from Shaky Vise.
piece of i-in. round will accommodate
itself to the movement of the jaw and
roll slightly, leaving our piece of work
perfectly flat, and upon the top face be-
ing machined will be found to be per-
fectly parallel.
TO SAW SHEET IRON OR PIPE.
By G. B. Marquette.
In the machine shop we frequently
have to make a template of sheet iron,
and in order that we may not distort
the material we are obliged to use a
hack saw. Immediately we attempt to
use it, we are in trouble, for the thin
sheet iron just drops between two of the
teeth and stops there. To get over the
difficulty simply reverse the saw blade
in the frame and proceed in the usual
way. It will neither catch or break,
and cuts just as well.
RUSSELL AUTOMOBILE BRAKE.
The construction of an automobile
brake is not very generally understood.
The ones shown in Fig. 1 and used on
the Russell cars, manufactured by the
Canada Cycle & Motor Co., Toronto,
will therefore be of interest.
In the end view, the moving element
is shown hatched. In an automobile
brake there are two main considerations,
namely, lightness and positiveness of
action, particularly the latter feature,
as such a brake must never fail to work
when required. For this reason, each
brake has two clutches, the ordinary,
niid the emergency.
The outer brake shoe is part of the
"ordinary" equipment. It is put in
operation by moving to the right the
lever 6649 (shown to the extreme right
of the cut.) This tends to bring closer
together pins 3012 and 1188, tightening
CANADIAN MACHINERY
45
the brake oil the outside of the moving
shell. When the brake is released,
spring 5918 separates the two elements
of the brake shoe, which are hinged on
the far side. As this brake is in con-
stant use, the friction face wears, loos-
ening the brake on the moving element,
necessitating a further movement of
the brake lever to tighten the brake. For
that reason it is made adjustable for
wear by threading the bolt connecting
the two halves of the brake, as shown.
Customarily in most brakes, a nut and
jam nut are employed, requiring a jour-
ney under the ear each time adjust-
ment is needed. The Russell car uses
a simple contrivance to overcome this,
using the lock nut shown at 5921, and
more clearly in Fig. 2. The connecting
holt passes through a hole in pin 3012,
and the lock nut, which has its face
rounded out, conforms to this surface,
and is positively held in the one position
by the spring holding it there. This
permits of only half turn adjustment,
which meets requirements.
For emergency purposes, there is an
inner clutch, as shown, and which is of
a much more positive nature. It consists
of a toggle joint operated by lever 6321
(shown dotted inside view.) The shov-
ing to the right of link 797, creates a
tremendous outward pressure of the
brake on the moving element, stopping
it almost instantly if applied with suf-
ficient force. It is also adjustable as
shown by a small turnbuckle threaded
light and left hand. A spring 6585,
holds the shoes out of position when
^^^^m
Fig.
Exterual Brake Adjuster.
not required. It is not adjustable, as
this is unnecessary, the brake being only
put in commission in eases of emer-
gency.
WORM GEAR OILER.
One of the most difficult pieces to keep
properly lubricated, is the worm fjpar
on a vertical shaft, for there is noining
to retain the oil or grease like there is
when it is placed horizontally. This has
been the experience of Wm. Kennedy &
Sons, Owen Sound, who have improvis-
ed the simply device shown in the ac-
companying sketch, to overcome lubri-
cation difficulties of worm gears on ver-
tical shafts. The fixture consists of a
shell A in which are paddles B, on shaft
C, which is supported in cast bearings,
projecting from shell A. The box A is
placed directly beneath the worm to be
lubricated, in such a way that the teeth
of B, mesh with the worm teeth. Ot
course, B must be made specially for
different worm pitches. The space E is
filled with a semi-fluid grease, which is
lifted up into contact with the worm
as each tooth of B rises. The grease
must be semi-fluid to insure the space
around B being always filled.
There are two wheels B, one placed
slightly behind the other, as shown in
the plan view, thus giving pitch to the
oil wheels, to match the worm. The
whole device, while very simple and
crude, meets the requirements extremely
4
0
.
B
,
Worm Gear Oiler.
well. Gears examined after long use,
showed practically no wear, whereas,
before using this method, the wear was
quite considerable.
FItr. 1— An Effective Automatic Brake used on Eussell Cars, Canada Cycle & Motor Co., Toronto.
46
CANADIAN MACHINERY
SHOP KINKS.
By M. E. D.
Soft-soldering is not considered a very
mechanical way of fastening machine
parts, but it sometimes helps one out
of a difficulty in a surprising manner.
Over a year ago the writer had the job
of repairing a lathe on which the main
driving gear was loose on the spindle.
The spindle was hollow, and so thin
that it did not furnish a good support
for the key. The gear, spindle, key-
seat, and key were cleaned and carefully
tinned. They were then heated hot
enough to melt the solder, and were as-
sembled. The lathe has been in hard
service ever since, and the gear is still
perfectly tight.
A very satisfactory extension drill
may be had by taking a piece of iron or
brass pipe, whose internal diameter
equals that of the hole to be drilled,
and with a crosspeen hammer make two
dents directly opposite each other and
about IJ inches from one end. Into this
pipe drive the twist drill, after having
ground the end flat. This is a very good
way of driving taps also.
In many small shops the screw mach-
ine and other tools are finish-ground on
copper laps. These laps are about 10
inches in diameter by about ^ inch
thick, and are mounted on the same
spindle as the emery wheel. The lap is
easily charged in the usual way by us-
ing a hardened steel roller and rolling
the abrasive into it. Tools finish-
sharpened in this way will do much bet-
ter work, and will last much longer.
To drill a large hole clean from the
start without jumping or chattering in
tne least, take a small piece of old rag
or waste about the size of the end of
the drill; place it under the point of
the drill, and then drill through the rag
or waste. This idea may be used to fa
great advantage in countersinking work
which requires a clean finish.
MACHINING RUDDER STEM.
The accompanying sketch is the steel
frame of a large rudder being made for
a boat 580 feet long, at the works of
the Collingwood Shipbuilding Co., Col-
lingwood, Ont. It is about 21 feet long,
and nearly 10 feet wide, and when com-
pleted will be covered on both sides 'vith
boiler plate.
The machining of the bottom tip .V of
the rudder presented a problem, for the
largest lathe in the shop had only an
18 ft. bed, and 18-in. swing, .vhile a
swing of at least 8 feet was n ".w.ss.iry
if the article was to be turned 'n the
usual manner. The tip, itself, is only
5J inches diameter by 5J inche, lung.
The difficulty was overcome as i \<\\'s :
The rudder was jacked up on its flat side
on the carriage of the lathe, k cross
tool was secured to the face jihiLe, aiid
after adjusting, the carriage leed was
put on, feeding the work up onto it.
Rudder to be Machined.
thereby doing the work. A very neat
and accurate job was produced in this
way. The other end B was completed
on the planer.
FERRULE ROLLER.
Cha.s. Barber & Sons, Meaford, Ont.,
have a neat little device, which they im-
provised recently to make the ferrules
shown at A in the accompanying sketch.
Large numbers of these are required as
spacers in the guard racks made for
their turbine installations.
The device consists of a body, B as
shown. The shaft C, has a long handle
D on the end for twisting, while the
other end is formed as a crank with
the desired throw. The crank pin has a
hardened steel roller E on it. In the
same line as the shaft is pin F, the
inner end G being of the desired size of
the inside of the ferrule. H is a clamp-
ing screw.
The stock, l"xj" band iron, is cut
the desired length, and one end of the
piece placed between clamp H and pin
G, after the shaft C has been turned to
its highest position, the roller being
thus over the ferrule blank. After
clamping H, shaft C is revolved, the
roller E bending the stock to the shape
of the pin G. Pin F can then be with-
drawn, this action removing the ferrule,
leaving ready for the next. A boy can
produce over a thousand in a day.
INSERTED CUTTER TAPS AND DIES
The uses to which high-speed steel has
been put are numerous, in the metal
working industries especially. Follow-
ing the trend of development, Robt.
Dryden, toolmaker for Sheldons' Ltd.,
Gait, has gotten out tor use in the
works, the tap and die shown in Figs.
1 and 2 respectively, wherein a minimum
of high-speed steel has been made to do
maximum dut^^•.
The tap shown in Fig. 1 consists es-
sentially of a machinery steel body A,
on which the collar D is turned, and
which has the four longtitudinal flutes
as shown, the flute passing down through
collar D as well as into the main part
of the body. The split collar C is
threaded corresponding to the thread of
the tap, and can be tightened down by
the side set screws. This collar, being
faced off squarely, bears against the
collar D on the body, and holds the
chasers in alignment, and prevents
cross-threads. Heavy working does not
tend to put them out of position, but
the reverse. The chasers are made in a
solid arbor, into slots in which, they
are tapped, eight at a time. It will be
noticed that the slots in body A are so
made that the cutting face is perpendicu-
lar. In order to back off the chasers,
the grooves in the cutting arbor, are
Fuirule Boiler.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
47
ofl-set slightly, so that the back is cut
deeper than the front, so no backing-ofi
attachment to the lathe is necessary.
Fig. 2 shows the inserted cutter prin-
Fig. 1— Inserted Cutter Tap.
ciple applied to a die used for thread-
ing pipe plugs, etc. As before, the body
A is soft steel, with high-speed steel
chasers K, held in position by collar B.
To keep the alignment, a centre pin C
is threaded, and. has a tip D which cen-
trally locates both chasers E, and pin
C. Set screws in collar B adjust the
chasers in, as desired.
One of the noticeable features is the
method of lubrication. An annular chan-
nel F in collar B has several holes lead-
ing down from it to the face of the
chasers, feeding the cutting fluid down
on the cutting edges at all times.
The really valuable feature about both
tap and die, is the longevity, for both
will last an indefinite period. In all
thread cutting tools, it is at the tip
that the heaviest cutting occurs, caus-
ing the greatest wear at that point. In
these inserted chaser tools, the tips can
be ground oR, and the chasers lowered
a tooth, making them as good as new.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING.
The accompanying sketch is of a flex-
ible coupling used by the Canada Gas
Power and Producer Co., Barrie, Ont.,
ed oil and (our ounces of turpentine into
the glue pot, and in this dissolve three
ounces of resin. When the resin is dis-
solved, add the glue. The resin and
glue should be well stirred while dis-
solving.
Before applying the leather cover to
a pulley have it warm and dry, and
scrape off all matter that may have ac-
cumulated on its face. Then with a
swab, apply muriatic acid (full
strength) to all parts of the face of the
pulley. When dry, wipe gently with
waste. Cut leather lengthwise of hide,
and a little wider than the face of the
pulley. Have the cement melted in the
glue pot, apply it across the face of the
pulley, with a brush, for about six or
eight inches, lay on the end of leather
and rub it down hard with the corner of
a piece of wood. Fold back the leather
and continue to apply cement until the
pulley is covered. Two thicknesses of
leather are used. Make the first thick-
ness a butt joint, and the last a scarf or
lap joint of about three or four inches
Flexible Coupllug.
Inserted Cutter Die.
for direct-connecting their gas engines
to generators.
The coupling A is attached directly
to the crank shaft, while B is on the
generator shaft. It will be noticed that
the arrangement consists of these two
couplings, with pins, such as that shown
at C, projecting inward, alternately
from each one. For example, pin C, pro-
jects from A, and is free in a larger
elongated hole in B, so that B may move
up or down, etc., within limits, without
fouling A. The next pin projects from
B into A, and so on. Between these pins
ai-e leather links D, through which A
(1 lives B. This has proved to be an ex-
cellent coupling.
HOLDING LEATHER ON IRON
PULLEYS.
By R. F. Williams.
First soak twelve ounces of good glue
in cold water. Put four ounces of boil-
long. Make the laps on the driven pul-
leys the way they should run, and on
the drivers the opposite way. Pulleys
should be cleaned by holding a piece of
coarse sand paper against them.
HACK-SAW ATTACHMENT FOR
LATHES.
By H. D. Chapman.
The accompanying drawing shows the
way in which a hack-saw can be attach-
ed to a lathe. This will be found very
handy about a small shop, and is inex-
pensive and simple in its constructif'i.
The device is so constructed that it can
be easily put on and taken off the lathe.
The .saw and its parts are mounted
on a 1-inch thick by 8-ineh wide cast iron
slab; this makes the device easy to use
on any lathe. The device consists of
slide bar A, and two supports on each
end, B and C, which are to guide the bar
48
CANADIAN MACHINERV
A, the bar D is to brace the saw frame and
to keep it from tuming.
The slide is a flat piece of machine
steel 5-16 inch thick and 2 inches wide;
the length is about 4 feet, or to suit
the stroke. A hole is drilled in the
slide bar A for a 5-16 inch bolt. This
is to hold the connecting i-od E.
The supports B and C are made of
1-inch squai-e stock. The support B has
an end turned and threaded to suit a
^I't-ineh tapped hole which is in the east
iron base F. The support C is bolted
to the other end of ba.se, as shown. Each
support has a 5-16 in. slot cut through the
center, so as to .lUow a neat sliding fit
to slide bar A.
The guide D is made of 5-16-inch by
1-inch machine steel. One end of guide
Hack Saw Attachment for Lathes.
is bolted to saw frame, allowing the other
end to slide through support B, thus
preventing tlie saw from having any
wabble.
The connecting rod E is a strip of
5-16 in. flat steel about 2 inches wide and
of a length to suit the saw frame. The
connecting rod is also bolted to the face
plate of the lathe, as shown in the cut,
and can be adjusted in the slot of the
face plate; this adjustment will accom-
modate the length of the saw.
The .saw frame is made of machine
steel, and the saw is made tight in the
frame by means of a thumb-screw, as
shown at the outer end of the frame.
An ordinary machine vise is clamped
to the base plate; this holds the stock
while cutting off. This hack-saw fixture
is clamped to the shears of the lathe,
as shown, and is held in position with a
%-inch bolt. — Scientific American.
Correspondence
Comments on articles appearing in
Canadian Machinery will be cheerfully
welcomed and letters containing useful
ideas will be paid for.
Information regarding manufacturers
of various lines, with their addresses
will be supplied either through these
columns or by letter, on request. Ad-
dress letters to Canadian Macliinery,
14.3-149 University Ave., Toronto. —
Editor.
Tapping Hole Straight.
One of the questions asked a C.P.R.
apprentice on a recent examination was :
How can you tell whether a tap is going
in straight or not, if the hole being tap-
ped passed through the centre of a
sphere? Perhaps readers of Canadian
Machinery would have some ideas. —
Reader.
Bolt Hole Facing Tool.
lu the . article *'A Day's Ramble
Thro"gh the M.C.R. Shops at St.
Thomas," December issue, 1910, a des-
cription is given on page 39 of a Bolt
Hole Facing Tool shown in the attached
drawing, Fig. 1. The article states, "In
Mr. Gidlow, in his lecture, pointed out
in the commencement that a life might
often be saved by the possession of a
little intelligent, first-aid knowledge on
the part of the by-stander. Illustrating
his argument by little narratives of real
accidents, Mr. Gidlow proceeded:
"The case of possible death by
drowning demands special attention.
Ignorant and careless handling of the
supposed victim by drowning has often
unwittingly completed the work of suffo-
cation by immersion, and one can real-
ize what this means in this country,
where an average of seven hundred
Fig. 1— Bolt Hole Facing Tool
place of being keyed in the usual man-
ner, the centre hole is bored flat on one
side, and the bar itself flattened to cor-
respond. Will you kindly explain how
the cutter is "bored flat?" — Novice.
The hole in the cutter blank which is
made of high speed steel, is first drilled
drowning accidents occur every year.
"First aid is a branch of work en-
tirely different from that of the sur-
geon. It is special, and differs from
the special training which every stu-
dent receives. The medical student is
taught to use all the best and most
with a 1 in. drill. The blank is then approved methods, while the first aid
- «i"
Fig. 2— Bolt Hole Facing Tool, "Blank Drift."
heated and the drift shown in Fig. 2 is
driven through, thus leaving a flat side
in the hole. The blank is then put on
a mandrel and machined. This will no
doubt satisfactorily explain the meaning
intended by the words "bored flat."
WINNIPEG RAILWAY CLUB.
At a recent meeting of the Western
Canada Railway Club, Winnipeg, S. A.
Gidlow, general secretary of St. John
Ambulance Association, C.P.R., Montreal,
read a paper on "First Aid to the In-
jured." There were several practical
demonstrations of ways of rendering
"first and." These, which were super-
intended by J. T. Warde, G. D. Lock-
hart and Dr. Moorehead, showed meth-
ods of immediate treatment of: a com-
pound fracture of the thigh ; a broken
collar-bone and fracture of the forearm,
such as would likely follow a street car
accident; and hemorrhage in different
parts of the body. Also there was illus-
trated the right way to lift and carry
a wounded man, and the Schaffer, La-
bord and Sylvester methods of inducing
respiration.
student is taught to use whatever is
nearest to hand in the most scientific
way possible. He must make a band-
age out of a neck-tie or a handkerchief.
He must improvise a tourniquet from a
belt or a brace; for splints he must uti-
lize a stick, a rifle, an umbrella or fold-
ed newspapers, and construct a stretch-
er out of a couple of broom handles and
coats. ' '
Mr. Gidlow explained the course of
instruction in detail. The first three
lectures dealt respectively with the
bones, circulation and nervous system;
and the fourth and fifth with methods
of rendering first aid and of carrying
the injured. As soon as the lectures
were finished, the men were taken in
hand by one of the company's ambul-
ance instructors, and taught the prac-
tical work. Test questions were put to
the classes before they were allowed to
go up for examination.
In conclusion Mr. Gidlow told of the
classes organized along the different
divisions of the C.P.R., totalling 51
classes and consisting of 1,607 men.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.
HEAVY DUTY ENGINE LATHE.
The accompanying illustration shows
a LseiRTiil view and details of a 21 inch
heavy-duty engine lathe recently placed
on the market. This is one size of a line
of lathes of the same type, iucludint!:
17, 19, 21, 25, 27, .30 and 3.'! inch, lathes.
'I'he principle ou which these machines
have been designed has been to furnish
a tool capable of takinj; a given cut and
removing a given number of cubic in-
ches of metal per minute. The 21 inch
lathe shown is capable of taking a cut
l^ inch, deep with a feed of 1-6 inch at
a cutting speed of 65 feet per minute, in
50-point carbon steel. This is equal to
removing 32 cubic inches of metal per
minute.
The head stock is of the LeBlond im-
proved drop brace pattern and is se-
curely fastened to the bed with bolts
of large size. The three-step cone pul-
ley in conjunction with the double fric-
tion back gears and a two-speed counter
shaft, provide in all, eighteen changes
of spindle speeds, covering a range
carefully selected for the purpose of the
machine. The spindle is hollow and
made of high carbon hammered steel,
and is hardened and ground at the
front and rear journals. These latter
are carried in cast iron boxes scraped
to a good bearing fit. This type of
licariii^' the builders consider preferable
because il does not require intricalc oil-
ing devices with continual attention on
pari of the ojjcrator; yet the lubrication
is well taken care of. The bearing stan-
dards are cored out to form large oil
chambers which are filled from the
front of the lathe; from these the oil
is fed to the bearings by means of felt
pads. This construction eliminates all
possibility of grit and dirt entering
the bearings, and reduces the attention
required to filling the oil receptacle
once a week.
The tail stock is of massive design
with a bearing of ample length on the
bed. The tail-spindle l)arrel is desigiied
in such a manner as to give the maxi-
mum length of bearing combined with
long travel. Screws are provided for
setting over the tail-stock for taper
work, the base being graduated so that
this setting can be easily accomplished.
A new departure has been followed
in the design af the bed. The tail-stock
slides on a V of the usual ])roportions
on the rear way. and on a flat surface
in the front. The carriage travels
on a flat surface in the back,
as shown, and is held down in the
back by a flat gib. The front of
the carriage slides on a guide of dif-
ferent shape from that usually found in
engine lathes. This guide, as shown, is
V shaped, but is machined at an angle
of 15 degrees on the Iront side, and 70
degrees on the back, inukiiig the total
included angle 95 ' degrees.
The carriage is helil in alignmenl on
a scraped surface on the front of tlie
bed by taper gibs at l)oth end bearings.
This construction together with the 70-
degree angle on the back of the V over-
comes any tendency of the carriage to
(limb the ways when the lathe is en-
gaged on heavy work. The gibs are
longued in position in the carriage, and
in combination with the special con-
struction of the V, they automatically
compensate for the wear; this makes
it unnecessary to give any attention to
the adjustment of the gibs. Wipers are
l>rovided, fitted with felt pads, which
in addition to wiping off chips and grit
from the sliding surfaces also provides
for automatic oiling of the ways.
The lathe spindle is set back a cer-
tain distance (in this size of lathe, two
inches) from the centre of the shears,
which construction not only provides
for an increased swing over the car-
riage, but at the same time permits the
machine to be used at full swing with-
out the tool overhanging the bed, a
construction which adds greatly to the
rigidity of the machine when turning
work of large diameters.
The apron is constructed of a one-
piece box section casting with all gears
One of a New Llue of Lathes Manufactured by the London Machine Tool Co., Hamilton.
50
CANADIAN MACHINERY
and studs supported at both ends. The
apron lias a wide bearing on the car-
riage, is held in position by four bolts,
and is tilted to the carriage by means of
a tongue. The single box section form
of the apron, it is stated by the manu-
facturers, does away with the necessity
of an auxiliary support at the lower end
of the apron, and overcomes the diffi-
culty of uneven wear between such lower
slides and the V on the top of the bed.
The longitudinal and cross feeds aro
operated by a single friction, which, in
addition to being of large diameter, is
so place<l in regard to the gearing, that
it has but a light duty to perform.
Nine changes of speed for the lea.l-
screw are obtained by means of the coii'e
of gears and the tumbler. The tumbler
gear is supported on a cylindrical bear-
ing, and is securely locked in position
by the plunger in the change handle.
This construction is the same as has
been used on the LeBlond lathes for
some time. The nine changes men-
tioned above are quadrupled by the ad-
dition of a sliding gear transmission.
The gears of this sliding transmission
are operated by the lower lever. This
construction permits of the use of a
speed or index plate which reads direct-
ly, and from which the operator can see
at a glance the position of the levers
required for any desired speed. The
changes can be ma'i'! while l!ie lathe is
running under the heaviest cut. The
gears in the gear box as well as all
other feed gear.s are made from drop-
forged steel blanks. The feed rod is
driven by the same mechanism by means
of gears connecting it with the lead-
screw, the range of feed being from 4
to 120 per inch. The changes for the lead
screw provided by the gear box are
thirty-six in number, ranging from 1 to
liO threads per inch.
The feed box is connected to the
spindle by means of gears, the intermed-
iate one of which is mounted on a quad-
rant, which permits the use of compound
gearing at this point if required, for
cutting special or metric threads with
a standard English pitch lead-screw. A
u'etric pitch lead-screw can also be sup-
plied, in which case the gearing arrange-
ment permits of cutting English pitch
threads with this screw, by using com-
pound gearing in the same manner.
These lathes are manufactured by the
London Machine Tool Co., Hamilton,
who have arranged with the R. K. Le-
Blonde Machine Tool Co., for the manu-
facture of their lathes in Canada. These
are made on exactly the same lines as
those built in the United States.
SPIRAL GEAR CUTTING.
The illustration shows a Pratt & Whit-
ney 6 x 14-ineh thread milling machine
arranged for the cutting of spiral gears.
The relation between the inner and outer
spindle by means of which indexing is
accomplished,, is controlled directly by
the index plate and pawl. The quick
return device which is very conveniently
actuated by a crank located at the front
of the machine is very rapid in opera-
tion.
The machine is provided with pre-
cision lead and cross feed screws. Mi-
crometer dial and positive adjustable
stop give very accurate control of cutter
head. One of the strong points of the
thread milling machine is the locating of
the cutter in a manner to prevent chip
interference, which makes possible ex-
ceptionally fast feed without sacrificing
quality of work. Three cutter speeds
are provided. Eighteen carriage feeds
for each speed of the cutter are instant-
ly obtained by means of a geared feed
box.
The machine and attachments have
been placed on the market by Pratt &
Whitney, Hartford, Conn.
INTERNAL THREAD MILLING.
The illustration shows a recently de-
veloped attachment for tlie milling of
internal threads on the Pratt & Whit-
ney thread milling machine. The cutter
head, which is of rigid construction
throughout, is made a complete unit and
may be readily accommodated to the
regular carriage. Its proper relation
with the carriage is maintained by
means of long dovetail bearings and a
taper gib which may be readily adjust-
ed for wear. The cutter head proper
is so mounted that the necessary swivel-
ing action for proper cutter clearance
is obtained without disturbing the cen-
tral relation of cutter and work, accur-
ate graduations being provided for this
purpose. The cutter head when set to
the required angle is securely clamped
to its seat by means of powerful bolts
which makes it equal to a solid member
in points of rigidity.
The cutter spindle which is made of
tool steel is hardened, ground and
lapped. Tt is provided with a taper
I'ratt Ac Wliitiug Tbread .MUiiiis Machine for 8plral Gear Cuttlue
Fig. 1.
I'ratt & Whitijig TInvMil .Milling .Machine tuv Imeniul
Ibrwd MiUioff.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
51
hole for the reception of the various
cutter arbors, a drawback bolt being
provided for holding the arbors in
place. The bronze sleeve or box in
which the spindle runs is mounted in
the head in a manner to permit the
/oiigitudinal adjustment of the spindle,
chuck and closer, as showp in place on
the machine, has proven exceptionally
efficient for work within its range. This
step chuck, as will be noted, is provided
with adjustable jaws, which are inde-
pendent of tlie closing mechanism and
when once set to the desired diameter
I''ig. :i— KxaiiipU'S of Intricate Milliuj;.
wliicli is very convenient in re-setting
the cutter to a previously cut thread.
The cutter spindle is driven directly
f I'om the main driving shaft by . means
(it searing. Backlash in the driving
mcars which would tend towards the
vibrating or chattering of the cutter,
has been eliminated by the introduc-
lion of a fly-wheel. This fly-wheel is
mounted in bearings independent of the
spindle, yet in a manner to obtain the
desired result very effectively.
A feature of the thread milling
luachine is the accurate and positive
control of the cutter head obtained by
means of the micrometer dial and posi-
tive adjustable stop. The simple and
uniquely constructed stop which per-
mits the withdrawing of the cutter from
the work and accurately returning
same to the exact previous depth, has
proven especially valuable on internal
work.
The cutter is provided with three
speeds by means of a three-step cone.
Eighteen carriage feeds are obtainable
for each cutter speed through a gear
box.
The machine may be arranged for the
cutting of either single or multiple
threads. When arranged for multiple
threading, as shown in the illustration,
the work-holding appliance is carried
(in the inner spindle, the outer spindle
being provided with a very accurate
index ring by means of which any mul-
tiple of thread desired may be cut. The
index ring is very large in diameter in
proportion to the work operated upon,
therefore the tendency to inaecuraey
is reduced to the minimum.
While the design of the spindle read
ily lends itself to tlie accommodation
of the holding appliances necessary for
the various classe of work, the step
or contour will hold the work rigidly
and true. It is rapidly and conveniently
operated by a drawback rod from the
back of the spindle.
The attachment, as regularly made, is
suitable for the threading of holes from
about V/2 inches to 0 inches in diameter.
It is equally well suited for single or
multiple threads, either right or left
hand. The machine may also he readil\
adapted for work out of the ordinary,
a striking example of which is the de-
vice shown in the illustration.
The machine and attachments have
been placed on the market by Pratt &
Whitney, Hartford, Conn.
UNIVERSAL WOOD GEAR CUTTING
MACHINE.
A new gear cutting machine has hoeii
designed and placed upon the market by
the Newark Gear Cutting Machine ^'o.,
Newark, N..T., for the purpose of cut-
ting the teeth of wood gears for pat-
terns, especially spiral or helical tieai!-.
There is a wide field of work rcqinri-.it
heavy cast tooth "herring bono" or
double helical gears, and such ^eacs cua
be cast solid, from patterns cut on th.s
machine. The pattern is in such case
made in two pieces, one right and one
left band; but the casting is of course
solid.
The machine has a capacity {or spur
gear patterns up to 8 feet diameter by
21 inch, face; and helical or "spiral"
gear patterns up to 7 feet diameter by
21 inch. face. Any lead or angle of
worm may be cut, as well as any num-
bers of threads; and any lead or angle
of helical gear may also be cut. The
range of pilches which the machine is
capable of cutting is of course very
large. By u.sing (ly cutters, all pitches
ranging from I inch, circular up to 7
inch circulai can be easily taken care
of, and of course heavier pitches can
also be cut by using regular rotary gear
cutters.
In this machine, the feed is obtained
by means of a hand wheel, operating a
screw, with ball thrust collars. This
hand feed is used, so that the operator
may iced very fast during the full cut,
Fitr.
1 I iiiv.-i.s.il \Suud i.i-.ii ( ullnii; M.i. i.i.ic
for Cutting Spur Uear I'atterui.
K.g. 2 — L'liive;.-^.,! Wood Gear i ultiii^ .Mai-hiiie
for Oiittliitf Helical Gears or Woriug.
aud may feed more slowly as the grain
in the wood changes, or the cutter
strikes a knot in the wood, or when the
cutters come through at the end of the
cut. After each tooth is cut the cutter
carriage is returned to start a new cut,
and the blank is indexed by the hand
crank. A counterbalance serves to
equalize the weight of the carriage.
The indexing is obtained by means of
chai.ge gears. The operator makes one
or more even turns of the crank, accord-
ing to the index furnished.
.\ll numbers of teeth can be cut, up to
100; and all from 100 up to 150, except-
ing prime numbers above 100; and a
wide range of numbers above 450 can
also be cut. When any unusual number
is required, this can be arranged for, by
means of an extra change gear.
In operation, the wooden pattern blank
is mounted upon the work arbor, or up-
on the fac« plate direct. Bloeka o(
62
CANADIAN MACHINERY
wood may also be cut on this machine,
for use in gear tooth molding machines.
A rim support is provided for taking
the thrust of the cut, in large gears.
The face plate is solid with the divid-
ing worm wheel, which wheel is made
in two sections and generated in place,
to secure accuracy. The dividing worm
may be adjusted out of mesh with the
wheel, to permit the blank to be rotat-
ed by hand. The dividing worm is also
provided with adjustment for use in re-
setting, or in taking side cuts.
A complete guard protects the worm
and wheel from dust and dirt.
The work head is adjusted on the bed,
to take care of the various diameters to
be cut; the adjustment being obtained by
means of screw, with dial graduated to
read to thousandths of an inch.
A noticeable feature of this machine,
is the simple method of driving, as
shown in Fig. 2, by means of an endless
belt. The machine itself is driven by
means of a tight and loose pulley ar-
rangement on the machine; the pulleys
running upon a rigid sleeve, and not up-
on the shaft, thus relieving the shaft of
all strain of the belt pull, and eliminat-
ing the possibility of the machine start-
ing up accidentally.
The cutters used on the machine, for
heavy pitches, are shown in the illustra-
tions. When cutting spur gear patterns,
a formed fly cutter is used, mounted up-
on the spindle as shown in Fig. 1. This
spindle makes 3200 revolutions per
minute. When cutting helical gears or
worms, an endmill form of fly cutter is
used, mounted upon the endmill attach-
ment shown in Fig. 2, making 4200 re-
volutions per minute. The spindles are
of high carbon machinery steel, accur-
ately ground, and run in phosphor
bronze bearings.
Although the machine is designed tor
cutting wood, yet the design generally
and the construction show distribution
of the metal, with deep bed and box
form of construction. This eliminates
the tendency to vibration which would
otherwise result from this class
of work. The machine is very rapid in
operation, as tor example: — A wooden
spur gear pattern, 40 teeth, 3 inch, cir-
cular pitch, 8 inch face, was cut in 30
minutes, cutting time. A motor drive
can be readily provided for, as the
machine pulley runs at constant speed.
AUTOMATIC CYLINDRICAL GRIN-
DEB.
The illustrations herewith show a new
(vlindrical automatic sizing grinder
which has just been placed on the mar-
ket by Pratt & "Whitney, Hartford, Conn.
The machine is designed for medium
size work and has a capacity of 30 inches
between centres, with a swing over bed
iif 4 inches, and can be adjusted to a
maximum taper per foot of 2 inches.
Fig. 3 — Automatic Sizing Attachment.
The machine uses a 12-inch diameter
wheel, with a face from V2 to 1% inches.
Particular attention has been bestowed
upon the table feeds and six changes
liave been provided for, any of which
are immediately obtainable through a
trear box and lever, the latter being lo-
cated at the front of the machine, under
the operator's hand. These feeds are
independent of either wheel or work
speeds. The reversing mechanism has
been designed to effect reversal within
0.001 inch, a matter of considerable im-
portance in grinding up to shoulders.
Fife'. -1— Automatic Positive Fceiliiig Back
Rest.
The form of the table top has also
received particular attention and is made
with a flat top and angular sides, in
order to insure accurate re re-location of
attachments.
The most important recent improve-
ment is the automatic sizing device as
applied to this machine. This device
when once set to the required diameter
will automatically grind any number of
pieces irrespective of the wear of the
wheel.
In operation both roughing and finish-
ing feeds are controlled and utilized, this
not only greatly increases the produc-
tion capacity of the machine but also
insures far more accurate and uniform
work than that resulting from ordinary
micrometer measurement. A decided
advantage made possible by this device
is the ability of one workman to operate
two machines to their maximum capacity
without the slightest difficultv.
KlK. 1— C'yllDdrlcal Automatic Siziug Orinder.
FIjr. •S — Automatic Feeding Mechanism, Cylindrical Grimlci-.
POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION
For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas. Etc.
BELTS AND BELT DRIVES.*
By A. E. B.
gELTS and belt drives, the title of
■'-' this article, will treat paticularly
of the part played by leather belts as a
means of transmission of power. Need-
less to say, their overwhelming, uni-
versal and undiminished use, stamps
them as at once a subject of interest.
One can hardly conceive of a factory
without associating with it a belt drive,
and our whole circle of readers is there-
fore expected to be benefited more or
less. Such at least is hoped for.
Choice of Belt.
In the choice of a belt, the first con-
sideration is that it be made from a
Fig. ]— The Bristol Be
good hide. All users are aware of the
vast and varying range of quality offer-
ed at equally varying prices, and that it
is no easy matter for the average pur-
chasing agent to discern and choose to
the best advantage his requirements.
Some indicative opinion may be had by
cutting a thin sliaving from the samples
offered, and tearing them between the
fingers. Much belting is sold by weight,
consequently unscrupulous dealers do
not hesitate sometimes to impregnate
the material with sugar and like sub-
stances, useless and worse than useless
for any purpose, except increasing the
seller's profits. The test already men-
tioned will enable even the unskilled to
form an opinion as to how much of his
purchase is leather, and how much sim-
ply weight-making material.
Lubrication and Stretch.
From the user's point of view, two
things should he borne in mind. Dry
leather is to be avoided and the belt
should be thoroughly stretched.
Leather belts lo.se a good deal of their
strength and nature unless impermeat-
ed witli a certain amount of oil. Good
quality cod oil is largely used for the
purpose. This treatment gives plialnl-
ity, ensures good driving qualities due
to easy bedding of the belt on the pul-
ley, and acts as a proof against the
absorption of moisture.
•Part I. of the second article of the series
of Power Transmission Equipment, Operation
nnil Efficiency Subjects.
An ordinary belt thus lubricated, de-
velops a stretching propensity, whicli
is, of cour.se, both troublesome and
wasteful. For example, a new belt is
put on to drive a machine, and in a few
days it will probably have stretched
some inches and he altogether too slack,
necessitating a piece being cut oul.
wasted, and time taken to break and re-
make the joint.
■~^~vj
T?
Pig. 2— Types of Laced Joints.
The problem, therefore, is to secure
the admittedly advantageous features
of "lubrication and stretch."
The solution is obvious — Stretch the
belt fully before application. Many
makers do put their belts through a
stretching machine, and the belts bene-
fit thereby; but the simple, rapid run-
ning through of a belt or parts of a
belt is of little real use, seeing that the
leather being in the same physical con-
dition all the time, springs back to prac-
\fm
0'
e
da
u
tically its original length as soon as the
tension is let off.
A process of belt-stretching has, how-
ever, been introduced, having many
commendable features and apparently
successful beyond dispute. Tt is de-
scribed briefly, as follows:
The hides from the tannery, prepared
with a certain amount of moisture still
in them, but with their oil dressing (in
fact just in the condition in which most
makers at once cut fhem up into belt
strips) are taken to a special depart-
ment fitted with special machinery.
Rach hide is jilaced over a strong frame
and gradually stretched longitudinally
until a 10 per cent, increase is reached;
the lateral dimensions being meanwhile
Fig. 4— Hinge Belt Fastener.
maintained by wedging. The required
stretch having been obtained, the frame
with its hide is taken away bodily and
stored, sometimes for a period of sever-
al weeks, until all the moisture has
evaporated. When released, there is
little if any tendency to spring back to
the original dimensions, the lubrication
and pliability are maintained, and we
have practically a stretchless butt of
equal or even greater strength than be-
fore, and in ideal condition for catting,
jointing and the formation of a perfect
belt.
The process involves considerable ex-
pense, and produces belts somewhat
lighter, width for width, than un-
stretched belts, so that obviously higher
prices per pound must be charged, but
N\^vvvVi
iv^/wvw wwvw^
riK. 5 — The Jackson
Belt Fastener.
Fljr. 3— Types of Laced Joints.
54
CANADIAN MACHINERY
the evidence goes to show that for last-
ing power, perfection of drive, and
labor-saving, the belts are well worth
their greater cost.
Strength of Belt.
The ultimate tensile strength of belt-
ing is not generally a factor in power
transmission calculations. It varies
from 2,000 to 5,000 pounds per square
inch of net section in best quality
leather belts, and may be reckoned at
an average of say 3,500 pounds per
square inch. This variation in ultimate
strength is due not only to possible
variation in the quality of the material,
but to want of its homogeneity as well.
Exf)eriments go to show that strips of
equal widtli and thickness taken from
the same belting butt, gave breaking.'
strains varying from 1,500 to 3.50')
|K>unds per sq. inch.
Strength of Belt Joints.
The ultimate strength of a laced
joint well put together should bo taken
at from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds per s(|.
inch, while that of a riveted joint may
he taken as equal to one-half of the
Vits. *i' -Tlie .l:if-kH(in Belt Fn.slcuer.
strength of the .solid belt, 1,750 pounds
l>er square inch. The working strength
of the belt may, in practice, be taken
as one-third the ultimate strength of the
joint.
A series of tests of belts in actual
use, showed the working strain to lie
between 30 and 5.32 pounds per square
inch. A commonly accepted working
strain for best material of belt body,
and substantial joint, is 320 pounds per
sq. inch belt section, being 60 pounds
per inch widtli for each 3-lG iiicli
thickness, single belt. For double and
treble belts the allowable strain would
be 1.75 and 2.5 times that of sinjrlc
belts respectively. See belt creep.
Adhesion of Belts.
The motion transmitted by a belt is
maintained solely by the frictional ad
hesion of the belt to the pulley rim sur-
face. Belts do not communicate motion
with precision on account of their liabil-
ity to slip. With unequal diameter
pulleys and an open belt, slippage will
take place on the smallest pulley first,
on account of the arc of contact bein<r
smaller. Crossing the belt makes the
arc of contact the same on both pulleys.
A lontr horizontal belt increases the
tension and arc of contact by its weight
forming » curve between the pullayi.
It should therefore drive from the un-
der side. A belt running on a pulley on
a vertical shaft requires stretchin?:
tightly because its weight lessens its
contact. As a compensation, the belt
Kig.
-(.'law and Slide Helt Fastener.
should be broader than for a horiziintai
drive of equal power.
Tlie adhesive grip of a belt is the
sMine 1)11 cast iron pulleys, whet her
turned or not. It is greater howevei-,
on a wooden rim than on a cast iron
rim.
Slippage of Belts.
A belt will slip just as readily on :)
piiiley four feet in diameter as it will
on a pulley two feet in diameter, pro-
vided the conditions of the fates of the
pulleys, the arc of contact, the tension,
and the numlier of feet the belt travels
per minute, are the same in both cases.
A belt of a given width, and making'
any given number of feet per minute,
will transmit as much power i-unning
on pulleys two feet in diameter, as it
will on pulleys four feet in diameter,
provided the arc of contact, tens'on, and
conditions of pulley faces are tlie same
in both cases.
Fig. S— Hinge Belt Fastener.
Causes of belt slippa/e <ire because
they are overloaded, dirty, clo-.'.geil,
dried up and neglected. Slippini;; gen-
erates heat, and aggravates the trouble
still further. The false, but common
remedy of tightening up, or overtight-
ening as it should properly be called,
only results in straining the life out of
tb« belt, Incrsaiing the coal ooniump'
tion by increased bearing friction and
disalignment of shafting.
It stands to reason that while slip
may be prevented by undue tightening,
this is not the right method to njake
the belt do its full duty justly. The
added tension cannot help but increase
journal friction, strain the shafting, in-
crease the danger of hot boxes and worn
liearings and increase the number of de-
lays due to sudden belt failures, the
prevention of which alone efTects saving.
No matter how well the bearings are
lubricated, some of the pull on the belt
is wasted in overcoming the added fric-
tion, and the capacity of the drive is
reduced to the extent of overcoming
lliis.
(>:i the other hand, a belt that is kept
Fig:. f»— Hinge Belt Fastener.
clean, mellow and otherwise in good
condition throughout, by means of a
suitable preservative, bends around the
pulleys with less resistance and by
reason also of a close conformity with
unevenness of the pulley surface, can be
eased or even run slack without danger
of slip under full load. In fact, a belt
that is properly filled and is of correct
dimensions for its work, should break
before slipping.
Preservation of Belting.
Engineers usually pay little attention
to their belting except that which is
giving immediate trouble, when as a
matter of fact, proper treatment with a
suitable preservative at reg^ilar inter-
vals would greatly benefit all the belt-
ing. Not only would its life be pro-
longed, but by increasing the pliability
and lubrication of the internal fibres,
it would he kept softer, cling to the
l)ulleys better, and run .slack without
slip, ensuring a saving of power that
would much more than pay for the at-
tention and cost of the preservative
preparation. Anyone will understand
tbii on coniidering that the natural )n<
CANADIAN MACHINERY
66
gredients of a leather, cotton, or camel's
hair belt, manila or hemp driving rope,
slowly dry out, and leave the contact
surfaces liard. Unless something is ad-
ded to replace these natural ingredients
the belt or rope cannot be expected to
grip the pulley close enough to trans-
mit full load.
Creep of Belt.
By creep of belt is meant its stretch-
ing and contracting propensity as it
passes over the driven and driving pul-
leys respectively, and is due to its in-
herent elasticity and nature of load.
The tight side of the belt is under the
greater strain, hence it stretches as it
comes on the driver and contracts com-
ing off. In a word, more belt length
goes on to the driver than comes off it,
and more comes off the driven pulley
than goes on. The net result is that
there is a continuous creep or shifting
of the belt around the pulleys in a
direction opposite to that in which the
belt runs. Fig 10.
Belt creep in practice is usually kept
within a one per cent, limit, and to
ff/t/^SAf /'</i./L£t^
the effective pull. Such a method ad-
mits of the use of smaller pulleys, and
prolongs the life of the belt.
Horse Power of Belting.
Users of belting are frequently mis-
led as to the amount of work which
should be expected of a good belt, with
the result that it is put to an excessive
strain and sent to the scrap heap in a
short time, condemned as to quality.
This condition of affairs is due in
large part to-incon-ect rules for calcu-
lating the power of belting.
These rules are in many cases wide
apart in their, results as are the poles,
and the practice of them is so varied
that hardly any two users adopt the
same. In the face of this seeming utter-
ly irreconcilable state of affairs, T make
no pretension of pointing out where
each errs, or of submitting a rule to
which all others should give place.
The following explanation, however,
of the considerations to be accounted
and the rules accompanying, have been
made the basis for numerous installa-
tions by the writer, and to those who
ax'/i/'jfx^ /'<e/^U£-y
Fig. 10— Belt Drive.
make certain of its attainment, the
working strain for best material licit
body and substantial joint is taken at
40 pounds per inch width, single belt,
with that for double and treble belts in
the proportion already stated.
Centrifugal Tension of Belts.
When a belt runs at a high velocity,
centrifugal force produces a tension in
addition to that existing when the belt
is at rest or moving at a low velocity.
This centrifugal tension diminishes the
effective driving force.
Double belts are less pliable than
single belts and the centrifugal force is
greater, consequently the contact with
the pulleys is less. Furthermore, the
tension is seldom increased proportion-
ately, and for these reasons, double
belts should not be expected to transmit
more than 8-5ths the power of single
belts.
This power may be increased, how-
ever, by running two single belts on top
of each other. Being thus more pliable
tbejr |^v$ better contact and inoreaie
may have a difficulty betimes in know-
ing just what to do, and have their
back to the wall, they will be found
efficient and satisfactory in operating
results.
The power of belting is determined
by the number of foot pounds which
can be transmitted by one pulley to an-
other, and is arrived at bj' multiplying
the effective pull in pounds per inch of
width, by belt width in inches and by
belt speed in feet per minute; there-
after dividing by 33,000.
The effective pull or the force tend-
ing to turn the pulley is the difference
in tension between the slack and driv-
ing sides of the belt, and is largely de-
pendent on the arc of contact between
the belt and the smaller pulley.
To find the effective pull it is neces-
sary to determine the number of de-
grees in the arc of contact. This can
be arrived at by multiplying the differ-
ence between the pulley diameters in
inches by four and three quarters, di-
viding the product by the dittasoe be*
tween the pulley centres in feet, and
subtracting the quotient from 180 de-
grees.
The allowable working strain for a
single belt with 180 degrees contact is, as
has been shown, 40 pounds per inch
width. This multiplied by the arc of
contact found in the previous calcula-
tion and divided by 180 will give tin;
effective pull allowable in pounds.
E.xample.— Find the effective pull and
horse power of a 6-inch single leather
belt on 24 and 36 inch pulleys, having
a velocity of 2,000 feet per minute, and
with pulley centres 18 feet apart.
(36-24) X43/,
Arc ot contact=180—
=180—
57
=180
18
=180—3.16
=:176.84 degrees.
176.84X40
Effective pull=:
Horse jiower =
=:i9.29 U.S.
180
39.29X6X2000
=14.29
33000
IJules wliich take no notice of effective
inill and known as empirical, have been
likewise used by the writer to advan-
tage, and are as follows:
Single belts — horse power=
Double belts — horse power=
wxv
800
wxv
500
W=width of belt in inches.
V=velocity in feet per minute=cir-
cumference of driving pulley in
feet multiplied by revolutions per
minute.
Example.— Taking belt width and
\elocity as in previous example we get
6X2000
Single belt horse power= =].')
800
The result is practically the same in
each case, but arrived at by a much
.•simpler method in the latter case.
To get the horse-power that a double
belt of the same width and velocity
would transmit, the second formula
would be u.sed.
6X2000
Double belt hor8e-power= =24.
500
Figs. 1 to 9 illustrate some methods of
belt jointing and a few pf the gpeciftUien
in common ute.
• WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC MANAGE-
MENT?
By G. C. K.
The question of "Scientific Manage-
ment—What it is and What it will do."
has been prominently brought before the
mechanical men of America by the Uni-
ted States Intei-state Commerce Com-
mission. Expert testimony has been
given by such men as H. K. Hathaway,
of the Tabor Alfg. Co., manufacturers of
molding machines: James M. Dodge
chairman of the Link-Belt Co., Phila-
delphia; Henry R. Towne, president of
the Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., Stamford.
Conn., makers of Yale locks; Frank B.
frilbreth. New York; Henry L. Gantt;
Harrington Emerson and Wra. Kent.
Wm. Kent sums up Business Manage-
ment in a few lines. "Scientific manage-
ment might be termed "applied common
sense." It requires a man to do only
that work for which be is best suited,
but requires him to do that work at his
greatest efficiency. It requires that he
shall not do that work for which by
training or environment he is unfitted
and which someone else can do better
than he. It requires that the conditions
be made right for the greatest efficiency
of the worker, this including not only
the tools he works with, but his sur-
roundings, his pay, and everything else
which affects his work."
Andrew Carnegie stated some years
ago: "Take away all our factories, our
trade, our avenues of transportation,
our money, leave me our organization
and system, and in four years I shall
have re-established myself." This, in
brief, is what scientific management will
do.
Passing of Rule o' Thumb Methods.
What it will do was given in an edi-
torial in a recent issue of the New York
Times. It states in a very concrete way
what scientific management or system
will do for any industry.
By rule o' thumb a man could unload
two tons of pig iron an hour, for which
bis employer paid him 16 cents an hour.
An observer, who had never handled a
pound of pig iron, saw that the tracks
in the foundry might be laid so that each
bar need be carried not more than ten
feet. By trial he saw that the average
man unloading could move at a greater
average speed. He saw that several of
the physical movements used to trans-
fer a bar from car to pile were unneces-
sary, consuming time and energy. In
these three respects lie established
"units of efficiency," taking care, also,
to provide a system of rest intervals to
prevent fatigue. He then declared a
standard of unloading pig iron at the
rate of seven tons an hour to be easily
practicable, and recommended a wage
scale of 2.7 cents a ton, or 19 cents an
hour, for the men who conformed to
this standard. Under a sliding upward
scale of wages, men were found willing
and able to handle continuously ten tons
an hour, for whicli service each received
27 cents. The increase in output was
fivefold that under the rule o' thumb;
the wages paid were seven-tenths great-
er, and the laborers were physically and
financially better off.
"Gangs shoveled with the same shovel
such different materials as coal, coke,
iron ore, sand, and lime. A man who
had not seen much shoveling done, but
with trained powers of observation, de-
termined that for each material a shovel
which would hold 221/2 pounds — a fair
weight for the average laborer — should
be of special size and shape. Then a
set of necessary movements was devised
with reference to physical leverages and
speed. It was found, too, that a pile of
lime or sand should be attacked at the
top, and of coal at the bottom. Having
fashioned the standard shovels, and de-
vised the units of speed, movement, and
weight, he found that the new method
and a system of bonuses increased the
efficiency of the shoveling gangs 150 per
cent.
"For forty centuries the bricklayer
stooped to pick up his bricks. The
"efficiency engineer" devised platforms
on jacks raised by boys to the level of
the growing wall. Under the rule o'
thumb the bricklayer for ages turned
his brick any or all of three ways to
find the face, tested the good bricks,
picked up and threw down the defective
ones, which had to be lowered from the
height to which they had been raised,
and turned his trowel to tap each good
brick into the mortar. Boys now sort
the bricks on the ground, piling the good
ones face forward upon the platforms,
and the brick sinks of its own weight
into a new consistency of mortar. Brick-
layers got $5 a day. Gilbreth enabled
them to earn $C.80 a day, at the same
time trebling their efficiency.
"Sucli methods kill rule o' thumb
wherever introduced. They are not re-
specters of persons or of professions or
of trades. They are usually introduced by
outsiders — men who ' know nothing about
the business.' "
Actual and Possible Savings.
In the December issue of Canadian
Machinery the principles of scientific
management applied to the repair and
building of locomotives on the C. P. R.
by Henry L. Gantt. These resulted in a
saving of .$65,000 per year. Harrington
Emerson applying the priciples of scien-
tific management to the Santa Fe rail-
road effected a saving of approximately
.$5,000,000 in three years. Such was
shown by the testimony given before the
Interstate Commerce Commission at
Washington.
James M. Dodge pointed out the
methods of management in the shops of
the Link-Belt Co., Philadelphia, that
made money. All work done in the shop
is laid out for the workmen by a plan-
ning department in accordance with rec-
ords based on accurate time studies of
the fundamental operations of the job;
the machine tools have all been stand-
ardized and their exact capacities are
known ; in the shop the work is supervis-
ed by functional foreman, each of whom
attends to some feature of the work.
By establishing a "system" the costs
were reduced in the face of a rising
labor and raw material market.
Some Pertinent Questions.
Writing to the Railway Age Gazette, E.
T. Spidy, instructor Card Inspector,
C. P. R. Angus shops asks the following
pertinent questions. The foremen in
various industries and railroad shops
should carefully study them and strive
to benefit by them. A study of them in
detail will result in unprecedented sav-
ings and show "good management."
Is my piecework system in good con-
dition— can I improve it in any way?
Have I machines that are overburden-
ed or doing a cla.ss of work for which
they are not suited?
In what conditions are the machines?
Are they in a state of good repair?
Do any machines require re-speeding?
Am I using the best steel obtainable?
Do I know what the best steel is?
Are my tool standards correct?
Do my men receive their tools in a
satisfactory wayT
How is the tool loom stocked? Arc
tlicre sufficient tools ready for delivery?
Do the men have trouble getting thcii'
work ?
What kind of hoist service have the
men at their machines for indi^ddual
use?
Are the men provided with sufficient
light?
Have you a proper belt-repair system ?
Conclusion.
Tf manageis, superintendents, master
mechanics and foremen take the subject
of Scientific Management seriously they
will thank Louis D. Brandeis and tlie
United States Interstate Commerce Com-
mission for the valuable data wliich has
been brought to light. Mr. Brandeis
stated that the railroads of the United
States were wasting $1,000,000 per day
through lack of system. Jio doubt the
railroads have done much towards
scientific management and some indus-
tries have been wide awake, but there is
still much to be done.
Scientific management when applied
to the simple operation nf loading a
freight car with pig iron increased the
performance of the individual from 1214
to 47 tons; when applied to
shovelling coal it doubled or trebled
the performance of the shoveller; when
applied to the machine shop it develop-
ed, in certain operations, increases rang-
ing from 400 to 1.800 pei' cent. This
has been done in the face of the in-
creased cost of labor and material. The
principles are general in their applica-
tion and where applied, valuable results
will be obtained.
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES.
The C.P.R. have issued a secoi'.l edi-
tion of their book on •'Maiuricturng
and Business Opportunities in Western
Canada," along the lines of the C.P.R.
It is edited by .lohn F. Sweeting, C.P.
R. industrial agent, Winnipeg, and in ad-
dition to an index of stations, it con-
tains an index to industrial require-
ments, facts in relation to the towns
and cities of the West and tables of
Western water powers. The following
requirements for manufacturing concerns
and power plants, are taken from this
C.P.R. directory.
Agricultural Machinery— Fort William,
Ont., and Winnipeg, Man.
Automobiles— Victoria, B.C.
Cement Plant— Southey, Lanigan, Wey-
burn, Macoun, Wilkie, Estevan, Francis,
Outlook, Sask.; Edmonton, Bowden,
Wetaskiwin, Crossfield, Penhold, Strath-
cona, Didsbury, Hardisty, Strome, Al-
berta; St. Boniface, Winnipeg, Man.; and
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Cranbrook, Kamloops, B.C.; Westfort.
Ont.
Cold Storage— Saskatoon, Sask.
Can Factory— Victoria, B.C.
Engine Works— Stationary, Marine and
Traction, Fort William, Ont.
Electrical Supplies — St. Boniface,
Man.
Electric Lighting Plant — Holland,
Souis, Pilot Mound, Rapid City, Man.;
Swift Current, Lang, Lanigan, Elbow,
Areola, Sask.; Didsbury, Olds, Hardis-
ty, Innisfail, Leduc, Granum, .Alberta ;
and Port Moody, B.C.
Foundry— Saskatoon, Weyburn, Sask.;
Camrose, Claresholm, Medicine Hat, Al-
berta, and Kamloops, Rossland, B.C.
Gasoline Engine Works— Portage la
Prairie, Man.
Machine Shop — Saltcoats, Francis,
Saskatoon, Strassburg, Estevan, Ha-
warden, St. Aldwyn, Perdue, Sask.;
Shoal Lake, Glenboro, Rapid City, Mor-
ris, Man.; Wetaskiwin, Camrose, Amisk,
Metiskow, Stirling, Alberta ; and Arm-
strong, Rossland, B.C.
Motor Car Factory— Regina, Sask.
Nail Works— Fort William, Ont.; and
Winnipeg, Man.
Planing Mill— Austin, Gimli, Man.;
Weyburn, Sask.
Sash and Door Factory— Virden , Rapid
City, Man,; Wapella, Areola, Wilkie.
Strassburg, Elbow, Sask.; Coleman,
.Alberta; and Fernie, Port Moody,
Nicola, Enderby, Kitchener, B.C.
Saw Mills— Gimli, Man.
Smelting Works— Medicine Hat, Al-
berta.
Shingle Mills— Nakusp, B.C.
Wire Fence Factory— Calgary, Alberta.
The G.T.R. Industrial Bureau an-
nounce the following openings for busi-
ness along the line of the G.T.P. in
.Western Canada:—
Box Factory— Edmonton, Alta.
Brick Manufacturer — Lazare, Man.;
Biggar, Waldron, Sask.
Carpenter Shop— Anoka, Otthon, Alta.
Foundry— Edmonton. Alta.
Societies and Personal
p. H. Sexton, director of technical
education for Nova Scotia, is to accom-
pany the Technical Education Commis-
sion on its visit to Europe.
* * •
A. J. Ganl, of Gaul & Girourard. Tor-
onto, read a paper on "Diamond Minine
in South Africa" before the Central
Railwav and Engineering Club on Jan.
17.
• • •
The closing of the works of the Can-
adian Fairbanks-Morse Co.. Toronto, for
a dav. was n fitting tribute to the mana-
arer Percy C Brooks, who recently lost
his wife and three children in the bum-
67
ing of his home when he was in Chicago.
The .sympathy of Canadian Machinery
and its readei'H, is extended to Mr.
Brooks in his sad bereavement.
• • •
Walter J. Sadler, who (or the past
fifteen years has been connected with
the firm of Sadler & Ha worth, Mon-
treal, manufacturers of leather belting,
has been taken into partnership.
• • •
F. M. Brown, general purchasing agent
of the Dominion Steel Corporation, has
resigned to accept the position of vice-
president and general manager of the
Nova Scotia Car Works, the company
that succeeds the Silliker Car Co.
• • •
The St. Thomas machinists will hold
a ball on Feb. 16, in the Engineers' Hall.
The following are the committees: Invi-
tation committee, Stalker Booth, John H.
Grey, Peter Erickson; music committee
W. E. Moore, Frank Clark; hall commit-
tee. Thos. Stone, John Lane; refresh-
ment committee. Thos. Stone, W E
Moore. J. H. Grey; chairman, J. Lane;
secretary-treasurer, W. E. Moore.
• • •
Lake Superior Corporation.
Vice-President J. F. Taylor, of the
Lake Superior Corporation, Sault Ste.
Marie, has been appointed general man-
ager and W. C. Franz has been ,, ade
vice-president of the transportation in-
terests of the corporation. Other
changes include the promotion of C. H.
L. Jones to the post of assistant secre-
tary-treasurer, and that Consulting En-
gineer Ernst to general manager of the
Algoma Steel Co., with C. E. Duncan
as general superintendent.
• • *
Winnipeg Boilermakers.
Fort Garry Lodge 4,51. Brotherhood of
Boilermakers, Winnipeg, held its annual
smoking concert January 17, to which
the C.P.R. were also invited. The chair
was occupied by President ' J. Tumil-
son, and the programme which was con-
tributed to by the best entertainers
from both unions, was of very interest-
ing character. Character songs and
step dances were given by ,L Crawford
and J. Mugford, the other contributors
including J. Hawthorne, W. I^wlor and
J. Edwards.
At the recent annual meeting, the fol-
lowing ofHcers were elected: J. Tumil-
son, president, re-elected; J. Handford,
\'ice-president ; J. Hume, financial and
corresponding secretary; J. Tnmilson,
treasurer; J. Waddington, recording
secretarj'; J. Hawthorne, inspector; R.
Gardiner, guard; J. Handford, F. Mag-
ford and J. Tomes, trustees. The instal-
lation was conducted by J. Hume, past
president.
58
CANADIAN MACHINERY
(ANadianMachinery
^ MANUFACTURING NEW5*>
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mechanical and electrical tradea. the foundry, technical proereei, ccnutruction
and improvement, and to all users of power developed from steam, gas. else
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The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHS BAYNE MACLEAN
H.V.TYRRELL, Toronto -
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PETER BAIN, M.E., Toronto
Presidtnt
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Vol. VII.
February, 1911
No. 2
CANADIAN MACHINERY EDITORIAL INDEX,
At the close of the past year many requests came to
us from subscribers of Canadian Machinery for an edito-
rial index for use in binding their 1910 volume. In order
that every subscriber may obtain the greatest use of his
1911 volume, we are numbering the editorial pages con-
secutively and at the end of the year, will issue a com-
plete index of articles and authors, so that any article
may easily be found by a reference to the index.
This is one of many steps forward which we contem-
plate taking and which will be announced from time to
time. By means of these we hope to make Canadian
Machinery of still greater use to our readers.
INCOMPETENCY AND INEFFICIENCY.
It seems that in the last analysis, the employer or re-
sponsible administrative head of a factory or corporation
is he who determines the grade of efficiency of the under-
taking.
We don't associate with an intelligent employer a
stupid, ignorant official and administrative staff, but ra-
ther do we expect such a staff as will reflect his attri-
butes.
The selection of men to fill the various subordinate ap-
pointments is not wholly a trial and error proposition,
neither is it an evolution or "survival of the fittest." De-
finite, reliable, personal knowledge or experience of abil-
ity determines Ui large degree who shall fill the more re-
sponsible posts, and a corresponding line of action is
again developed with regard to those further down the
scale.
While it is possible to evolve men for positions, or
have the position evolve as it were the man, and while
fu^h Instances are o( iiHj occurrenpe And n^wmTtty »o,
it Is inexpedient to operate from such a basis as a busi-
ness principle.
We are accustomed these days to read and hear much
about the cost of incompetence and inefficiency, and to see
many more or less glaring spectacles of it, but what
strikes one most forcibly about the two evils is their uni-
versality and existence in every walk of life. In the best
and highest realms of human development and culture as
well as in the lowest and ignorant, there is to be found
incompetency, there is to be found inefficiency.
The question arises, can we minimise, escape from or
cut out entirely this condition of things ? It seems as
tnough it were absolutely necessary to do so.
Escape from this dual curse, for such it is, does not
of course imply that all men would be equally competent
in any or every sphere of usefulness. The fault at the
present time is that men don't fill their own individual
niche to the best of their inborn and knowledge-nurtured
ability, nor do they realize their intense, inherent pos-
sibilities. A keen discernment of one's proper sphere
would do much to minimise that feature of incompetence
and inefficiency which arises as a direct result of men oper-
ating in a wrong and unnatural department.
Being human, however, escape will be possible of only
partial attainment, and we should not lose sight of this
stern fundamental fact.
It is claimed that incompetency costs the city of
C'hicago one million dollars per day. John Wanamaker
claims that incompetency costs his company twenty-live
thousand dollars per day. Others again claim less or
greater losses attributable to the same cause.
The basis of estimation is not stated, neither can
we judge the standpoint of the estimator. To criticize
and say there is certain loss, comes easy and is only
wrong in degree, which at all events may be enough ; but
to charge the loss individually and in proper proportion
and suggest a remedy, is neither easy nor pleasant if
honestly and faithfully carried out. It is, however, the
way to tackle the question properly, and most certain of
remedial results.
Getting back to our starting point again, it will ap-
pear evident that, the larger proportion of the loss is
chargeable to the chief administrator, and he, if a fac-
tory owner, suffers in his returns just to that extent.
If it be the city of Chicago, the real administrators
lose, to wit, the citizens. An inexorable law is therefore
unfolded which metes out to all their share of punish-
ment for neglect.
One thing must not be overlooked in this crusade
apainst incompetency and inefficiency ; the steady, certain
real uplifting of mankind and its consequent change and
raise of standard.
If Chicago by some means or other redeemed itself by
saving that million dollars per day, and nobody will ques-
tion its ability to do so if everyone did his or her own
little part, it the employes of the Wanamaker company
each added their little extra effort to what exists, if the
''kick" that everyone makes and the losses claimed were
satisfied, as they could easily be on the amounts specified,
what then ?
Would Chicago, .lohn Wanamaker, you and T be satis-
fied ? No, and why ?
The realization of what was esteemed competency and
efficiency, and which we prided ourselves in determining is
not perfection as was thought.
We have much to be thankful for that the ideal will
always k^ep ahead, and that the craving to reacb to it
CANADIAN MACHINER\
69
will still express the efforts made, as (ailing short through
incompetence and inefficiency.
The standard of estimation will be rising all the time,
as it has done and is, and will be found more exacting as
it takes each time higher ground.
A scheme of education, not necessarily technical,
which would dispose men to cultivate and use their intel-
ligence in the selection of their proper sphere and the ef-
ficient filling of it, as a personal moral responsibility,
while not ushering in the millennium, will obliterate to a
great extent what are certainly at present monstrosities
of incompetence and inefficiency.
MACHINERY MAINTENANCE SAVINGS.
At a recent meeting of the National Machine Tool
Builders' .Association, C. K. Lassiter, Mechanical Super-
intendent of the American Locomotive Co., read a paper
on "The Design and Construction of Machine Tools from
the User's Standpoint," in which he gave some excellent
suggestions for the maintenance of equipment. By consis-
tently carrying out a factory management system, giving
specialized attention to the duties of caring for and main-
taining equipment, large and almost inconceivable savings
are made. By such a system, properly administered, the
American Locomotive Co. have reduced the Jost productive
machine hours from 12 to 1| per cent. There are 9,000
machines in the plant. Formerly 1,000 were out of use
continuously but now 100 machines is the average number
out of service.
In the plant referred to, each department has an in-
spector who investigates the machinery for probable fail-
ures or for conditions which might cause accidents to em-
ployes. His findings are made out in the form of a report
and immediate steps are taken to correct any condition
which might render a machine idle. Where the design of
the machine is at fault, it is strengthened or redesigned
The following shows the working of the system as giv-
en by Mr. Lassiter : —
"In one of our shops, by referring to our reports, we found
that 40 per rent, of the failures were due to negligence. We
were able to reduce this Item to 1% per cent. In another case
we found that we were purchasing a certain machine from some
of the machine tool builders, and there was an error In design
which had existed for ten years on this machine, which was
costing us something like $5,000 per year. We took the matter
tip with the niacliino ttiol builder and h:id the design changed.
This charge was eliminated, which was like picking up so much
money.
"We found tliat the maintenance on some machines which we
had in service was so heavy that we could not afford to keep the
maciiine in service, and we replaced them with modern tools. This
also showed a decrease in maintenance."
Mr. Lassiter referred to the savings made by designing
special machines : —
"Most of the tools which we purchase for our works at
present are built to speciflcatiims prepared by ourselves, and It
Is our aim to cut out every gear or moving part on all machines
which Is not actually needed for our class of work.
"In specifying for planers, we require only one speed, as our
work is so extensive that we can afford to put a planer on
one class of work and never change it.
"On vertical milling machines we have specified the design
so as to have but one pair of gears between the motor and the
cutting tool.
"On large vertical boring mills we have cut out gear boxes
.ind equipped the drive with a big plain pulley and placed a
variable speed motor on the celling, where the counter-shaft
had formerly been put,
"On radial drills we have lowered the speed of the driving
shafts and Increased their diameter, to r94uce the maintenance
iin hearings."
Pjr a %y»xm <)» te«ti mseblRW we« dMlgned wUh ft
view to the economical use of power in operating ma-
chines. Mr. Lassiter says : —
"In testing out some of our machines we found that there
wag a considerable amount of power used for remoTlng a certain
amount of stock. A good deal of this power, we found, wai
absorbed through the friction of unnecessary gears. This Is
one reason why we have tried to cut out every gear possible
on all of the machines which we purchase. It not only saves
maintenance, but also cost of power to operate machines."
Keeping machines in service, cutting time between
cuts, anticipating repairs and guarding against break-
doxvns means a great aggregate saving. It means that
more work can be done with a certain number of ma-
chines when kept in good repair. Of course Canadian
shops, or at least few of them, could keep a staff of in-
spectors busy in an elaborate system but even in the smal-
lest shop a careful investigation and study of each ma-
chine will, in a great number of cases, result in an appre-
ciable saving.
TOPICS OF THE MONTH.
It may seem a long step between manufacturing and
sentiment but a kind word, an appreciative smile or a
commendation for work well done will often increase the
efficiency. These are often more effective in eliminating
friction than so-called welfare departments planned on an
elaborate scale.
In the January issue of Canadian Machinery we ad-
vocated providing sufficient vises in a machine shop. In
addition to vises we might arid clamps for lathe, planer
and shaper, straps, etc. More time is often lost trying
to find suitable tools, etc., than in the performance of the
niachine work. In the interests of economy we would
suggest a complete equipment of these devices and a cen-
tral place for keeping them.
Well lighted jig, tool and pattern storage rooms, tool
room and machine shop are more likely to be kept clean
than dark ones.
Recently a purchasing agent was quoted a price on
car journal bearing metal. The metal was satisfactory
but the price was high. By having an analysis made, he
was able to call for tenders for a metal of the compo-
sition shown by tne analysis. The result was that a re-
liable firm furnished the metal at a considerable reduc-
tion over the first price asked. The saving in a year was
therefore, considerable. By following this plan -for all
materials that can be bought by specification, large sav-
ings may be made.
The metal industry is thriving and growing apace in
the mother country, in utter disregard of all pessimistic
predictions. In this country only an occasional whisper is
heard from those who see gloom ahead, and the whole
trend of trade is in verification of the loudly expressed
confidence of the best informed men in all lines of indus-
try.
Plans have been prepared for the new machinery hall
at the Ottawa Exhibition. Manufacturers of machinery
deserve to be well treated by exhibition directors. It is
to be hoped that the $75,000 voted a year ago for a new
machinery building for the Toronto exhibition, will soon
result in the erection of a more modern §ttMPtuj? thai\
that now dMl8B»t»rt m "Mwhlwrr H»l|.'' "
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
MOLDINO HEAVY FLYWHEELS.
By J. H. Eastham.
Firms engaged in casting gas, oil, or
steam engine parts, when faced with
orders to meet customers' specifications,
slightly different from, or "between"
standard sizes, are often compelled to
alter existing patterns, or to make new
ones.
Obviously when an order is placed for
a single engine this becomes a costly
process, and in the case of flywheels
weighing several tons each, can be easily
avoided. A conunon system of moulding
these castings is to select a pattern
nearest the size required, but a little
smaller, and to "lag" up the rim and
hub with loose strips, and the arms
with sheet lead, an unsatisfactory
method at best, adding consider-
ably to cost of production, often result-
ing in a lumpy casting, and causing
much extra machining.
Assuming the job in hand to be of or-
dinary six-armed type, get a core box
made full length from outside of hub to
outside of rim, and tapering in width
from one-sixth circumference of rim to
one-sixth circumference of hub. Each
core will thus contain one arm, which
may be drawn out endways from hub or
thick end.
Cores to form outside of rim are best
made in sections about two feet or two
feet six inches long, to facilitate hand-
Img when placing on stove carriage, and
in mold afterwards.
Level a hard bed in floor at full depth
of casting, and one foot larger in dia-
meter, and place in centre a round cake
core exact size of diamater of hub. Next
place arm section cores in position
around this; being careful to keep tight
up to centre to avoid overlapping, after-
wards lowering outside rim cores to
place.
If not well equipped with cranes,
place as many cores in position as pos-
sible during meal hour, to avoid keep-
ing other jobs waiting. Ram up tightly
round the whole, (reasonable floor pres-
sure will prevent any strain,) and strike
ofi level with top of cores to form flat
joint. Place centre core into position
and cover hub with a cake core perfor-
ated as desired for runners, insert gate
pins, and vent pegs in holes provided in
each arm core for purpose.
Stufl joints of all cores with waste,
place large square cope part over whole,
and ram up lightly. If not in possession
of cope sufficiently large, spread one
inch or so of sand over cores, and cover
with handiest loam plates obtainable.
Place ruimer box in position, large en-
MoldlDir Heavy Flywbeels.
ough to hold at least 15 cwt. of metal
in the case of castings weighing three
tons or over. This may be dried or
green, as considered advisable. Cover
runners with ball or flat stoppers, and
put weights in position, or bolt the
whole down by cross bars to grid or
plate in floor if possible.
When pouring, wait till runner box is
full before drawing first stopper, and
take out remaining 1 or 2, according to
size of casting, singly.
Metal for these castings should be
melted as hot as possible, and poured as
soon as surface "breaks," to obtain
best results, and should consist of about
16 per cent, good quality hematite, the
remainder, hard scrap.
Good hematite iron, on account of its
toughness, minimizes risk of breakage
when running at high speeds. Should
these castings show signs of sponginess
in boring, decrease quantity of hematite
a little, and add a small percentage
white iron to close grain. Churning is
optional, and depends largely on fore-
man's opinion and quality of metal
used.
By the addition or removal of strips
from core boxes to alter radii of cores,
and thickness or depth of iim, and
keeping in stock of pattern shop spveral
sizes of arms, one set of boxes \;ill
serve for several sizes of castings.
PATTERNMAKER'S TOOL CHEST.
By H. J. McCaslin.
The accompanying photographs show
the manner in which the up-to-date and
progressive patternmaker carries his
tools, and which has to a great degree
replaced the strong box of bygone days.
This handsome case and contents of
selected tools forms one of the finest
pattern-making equipment that ever
came under the writer's notice.
The case was designed and made by
J. E. Rexroth, an employe of the Well-
man, Seaver, Morgan Co., of Cleveland,
O., through whose courtesy the photo-
graph was obtained.
The body construction is that of a
substantial sample case which it closely
resembles as shown in Pig. 1. While it
might be said one would not inspire to
carry it any further than necessary, very
little trouble would be experienced in
getting It to and from the car, thus
saving the expense of the expressman,
to say nothing of the delay and vexation
In not always being able to get your
tools at the expected time.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
61
Its proportions permit a 26-inch saw
by removing the handle ol the saw to
be carried, and also a 24x14 inch, steel
square. The heavier tools, as the plains,
are carried at the bottom of the case
Kig. ]— riittuniiiiaker's Tool Cliest— Closed.
below the lawer drawer, which is shown
removed, Fig. 2.
Attached to the back o£ the panel
which is dropped down so as to expose
the chisels and bits and their manner
of arrangement and support is the steel
square, shrink rules and triangles. To
the young patternmaker who contem-
Fig. 2 — rntterumaker's Tool Cbest— Open.
plates leaving the home shop at the
completion of his term of instruction
and taking to the road in search of ex-
perience and wealth, secure a case simi-
lar to that here described, if you have
not already done so. Should you not
care to enlist as heavily into the under-
taking as herewith shown, invest in a
good substantial suit case and fit it up
with drawers which will answer the pur-
pose admirably.
tor Hill & Orififtth, Cincinnati. The lines
of this firm which will be carried in
stock in Toronto, include stove plate
facing, heavy machine bag facing,
"Ideal" core wash, Haskin patent ven-
tilated chaplets, "Faultless" core com-
pound, Rhode Island heavy bag facing,
H. & G. blacking, white pine charcoal
facing, special taper snap flask of sheet
steel with malleable trimmings, tumbl-
ing barrels, cupolas, electric and hand
cranes, brass melting furnaces, both oil
and coke fired, cupolo blocks and bricks,
(ire clay and inolding sands.
Hill & Griffith have seacoal mills in
Birmingham, Alabama, and plumbago
mills in Cincinnati.
Mr. Hill, who is known to the trade
as "Honest John," has some strong ar-
guments in favor of his products and
calls attention to the H. & G. facings
by means of an old and trite saying :
"If you want to find out if a horseshoe
is hot, pick it up. You are not obliged
to take the blacksmith's word for it."
"Likewise," says John, "you are not
obliged to heed our argument which
necessarily has to do with our foundry
facings and blackings, their use and
abuse."
CANADIAN AGENCY HILL & GRIF-
FITH.
The Rupert G. Bruce Co., Toronto,
have been appointed Canadian agents
PITTSBURG EXHIBITION.
Final arrangements for the exhibition
of foundry and pattern shop equipment,
machine tools and supplies, to be held
under the auspices of the Foundry and
Machine Exhibition Co., successor to the
Foundry and Manufacturers' Supply
Association, at Pittsburg, during the
week of May 22, 1911, were made at a
meeting of the executive committee of
this organization held at the Fort Pitt
hotel, Pittsburg, Jan. 20 and 21. The
buildings of the Western Pennsylvania
Exposition Society, on Duquesne Way,
in the centre of the Pittsburg business
district, have been obtained for this ex-
liibition of foundry and pattern shop
equipment. A total of approximately
.'{.3,000 square feet of floor space will be
available in two large buildings and in a
temporary structure which will be erect-
ed between these buildings. All of the
operating exhibits, such as heating and
melting furnaces, core ovens, mold and
ladle dryers, etc., will be located in the
temporary building. The facilities pro-
vided for exhibition puiposes are unex-
celled, and shipments can be unloaded
onto the grounds from Pennsylvania
railroad sidings. It has been decided to
conduct the exhibit during at least two
or three evenings of the week, which
will afford an opportunity to many of
the foundry operatives of the Pittsburg
district to attend the show.
The cost of space has been fixed at a
minimum of only .50 cents per square
foot, with an additional cost of $10 for
corners. An exhibition permit, for which
a charge of $25 will be made, will also
be required by all exhibitors, as well as
those conducting business of any kind in
the exiK)sition buildings. The large
music linll on these grounds has been
obtained for one evening during thte
week for a high-class entertainment to
l»c given by tlie Foundry and Machine
Kxhibitioii Co. The headquarters for
the exhibitors will be at the Fort Pitt
hotel.
During this week the annual conven-
tions of the American Foundrymen's
Association, American Brass Founders'
Association and the Associated Foundry
Foremen will be iield in Pittsburg, and
the attendance of foundrymen from all
over the United States and Canada
l)romises to be unusually large. As this
city is the centre of the steel manufac-
turing industry of the United States,
and as some of the foundries in this
district are among the largest and most
modern in the country, unusual oppor-
tunities will be afforded foundrymen to
familiarize themselves with the practice
of these works and an extensive plant
visitation program is now being out-
lined.
BREAKING OF GATE IN MOLD.
Experienced molders always know
what the breaking of the gate in a mold
before dumping means. It always indi-
cates, in brass or bronze, that the metal
is not good and that it contains impur-
ities which render it red-short. By the
breaking of the gate in the mold is
meant that it breaks or cracks itself
while cooling. In good metal, it remains
firm so that when the mold is dumped,
the cascings, gate and runner are solid.
There are several elements that will
cause red-shortness in brass or bronze,
but sulphur is the principal one. As it
causes red-shortness in iron or steel,
so it produces the same result in the
copper alloys.
Sulphur is very readily introduced
into bronze or brass by the fuel, and es-
pecially when coke or coal, instead of
charcoal, is used as the covering for the
metal in the crucible. These fiiels al-
ways contain more or less sulphur which
is introduced into the metal to a greater
or less extent. Charcoal, however, con-
tains no sulphur and this is why it is
so good a covering for molten metals.
If molders are experiencing difficulty
from bad castings and the reason is not
clear, let it be noticed whether the gate
cracks in the mold, and if so look for
the presence of sulphur in the metal.
It has been found to be the cause of
some of the difficulties encountered in
the brass foundn\ — Brass World.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Elstablishriient or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.
FOCNDRY AKD MACHINE SHOF.
MONTREAL— The Montreal Harbor Com-
missloa has purchased a block of property
near the river, ou Notre Dame Street, Re-
pair shops will be erected.
OXFORD, N.S.— The Oxford Foundry &
Machine Co. have the contract for the heat-
lug equipment for the Bank of Nova Scotia's
new building here.
\S'ELLAN1». ONT.— The Robertson Machin-
ery Co. has made an assignment to J. F.
Uross, for the general benefit of its creditors.
The company has been Insolvent for some
time.
OALT— The Gait Foundry Co. have their
new plant completed and expect to take off
the first heat in a few days. Wm. E. Uemill,
formerly of Clark & Demill, Hespeler, is man-
ager of the new company. A. J. Colvin Is
associated with him.
WINDSOR, ONT.— Plans are being drawn
for a new dry-dock at Amherstburg, with a
eOO-foot capacity. It is also intended to have
a shipbuilding plant, with the necessary ma-
chine shops. Windsor, Amherstburg and To-
ronto capitalists are Interested in the scheme,
which will cost about !$230,000.
CALGARY, ALTA.— Mayor Mitchell advo-
cates the erection of a municipal repair shop.
He Is of the opinion that much time and
money Is lost through sending small jobs to
outside machine shops for repairs, instead of
having a couple of men and proper machin-
ery to handle them.
WEST TORONTO— The C. P. R. has secur-
ed a permit for the erection of a $20,000 re-
pair shop here, on the west side of Keele
Street, north of the subway.
LETHBRIDGE, ALTA.— Donovan & McCrea
are erecting a building at Bow Island to be
used for a machinery business.
HESPELER, ONT.— W. Ewald, of Preston,
has been appointed manager ot the Hespeler
Machinery Co.'s shop.
GOWGANDA, ONT.— Tile machine shop at
the Bartlett mines here was destroyed by
fire recently.
MONTREAL— The Canadian Rotary .Ma-
chine Co. will locate here.
THE WATEROrS ENGINE WORKS have
submitted building specifications for an addi-
tion to their present factory, to cost $45,000.
MAISONNEUVE, QUE.— Street construction
work has Just been commenced on the new
$100,000 building being erected for the Unit-
ed States Shoe Machinery Co. The masonry
and carpentering contracts are the only ones
let, in addition to the foundation and steel
construction.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Western Steel Cor-
poration have purchased 300 acres on the
south side of the Fraser river. About $2,-
000.000 will be expended ou construction of
bullillngs and wharves and Instalatlon of
machinery. , „
MONTREAL— The National Steel Co. are
erecting a large plant at Longue Pointe, to
cost one million dollars. General contract
awarded to Peter Lyall & Sons.
MORRISBURG, ONT.— The Tack factory
has now thirty machines In operation, and
twenty more have Just arrived. There is also
In operation one shoe nail machine with a
capacity ot one-half ton a day. Mr. Russell
has Just returned from Toronto, where he
secured orders amounting to over nine tons.
Two more expert tack makers have arrived,
and are now at work.
HALIFAX, N.S.— Fred M. Brown, formerly
of the Steel Co., whose appointment as vice-
president and general manager of the Nova
Scotia car works was announced recently. Is
here. Mr. Brown is a Montreal boy and has
a thorough grasp of mochanlial affairs, as
well as a mastery of the details necessary to
the discharge of the duties as purchasing
agent In a great company like the Dominion
Steel Corporation. „ ,. „
.MONTREAL — New plans of the C. P. R., as
announced by W. Whyte, here. Include 100
miles of double-tracking and 300 miles of
new track In the west. New yards will be
laid out at Reglna, Moose .law and Medicine
Hat. Four new steel bridges will be erected.
Old eo-pound rails on the Manitoba and
Northwestern branch will be replaced by 80-
nonnd steel for a distance of about ICO miles.
OWHN SOUND, ONT.— A Cleveland Ann is
contemplating the erection of a cold-pressed
steel works here.
BROCKVILLE, ONT.— Wm. J. Nute & Sons
have purchased the boiler works owned by
Black Bros. The new firm will manufacture
boilers, hot water heaters and do general re-
pair work.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— W. Price, of Seattle,
general manager of the Western Steel Cor-
poration, proposes to start the construction
of a $500,000 merchant steel plant near Sud-
bury by April 1. The directors have secured
.•too aiTcs.
WELLAND, ONT.— The Canadian Auto-
matic Transportation Co., with head office in
Toronto, will erect a plant here for the manu-
facture of automatic carriers. The principal
product is a storage battery truck scale for
handling freight.
COBOURG, ONT.— A new mill has been
erected for the Provincial Steel Co. here,
and machinery is being installed.
MONTREAL — Foss & Fuller, machinery
dealers, have dissolved.
TORONTO, ONT. — Application has been
made to the Provincial Secretary of Ontario
on belialf of the Timmins-McMartin-Dunlop
Syndicate for a charter for a milling, con-
ccntrntins and refining company of $500,000
capital stock. The name of the company Is
to be the Porcupine Gold Mining Co. It Is
proposed to erect at once a mill having 30
stamps at the outset, and so built as to en-
able its capacity to l)e easily increased upon
demand. Besides working on the ore of the
mining Interests .associated in the company,
the plant will be used on custom business.
HALIFAX, N.S.— The city council has voted
to give exemption from taxation for 20 years
to the Nova Scotia Car Works, which is to
take over the works of the Silliker Car Co.
Also the new company is to receive free from
the cltv 5.000,000 gol. of water every year.
CALGARY, ALTA. — The Board of Trade is
in communication with American inquirers
who are considering the establishment here
of works for the manufacture of gas engines,
stoves and heating apparatus.
GALT. ONT.— The Gait Foundry Co., whose
new preml.ses were completed this month are
alreadv making castings for the trade.
TORONTO — The Fairbanks-Morse Co. have
taken out permits for a new $13,000 foundry
and foundry cleaning and pattern room, at
1SC3-1.W0 Bloor Street West.
WEYBURN, SASK.— The Birrell Motor
Plow Co., of Winnipeg, are negotiating with
the authorities regarding the establishment
of a factory here.
TORONTO. ONT. — .T. L. Richardson & Co.,
dealers in machinists' and foundry supplies,
have assigned to Richard Tew.
REGINA, SASK. — The Holt Caterpillar Co.,
of Stockton, California, will establish a dis-
tributing centre here in the spring for their
traction engines.
LONDON. ONT.— An automobile factory Is
to 1)0 located here. Hugh Kennedy, of Gait,
and W. .T. and Frank Reid. of this city, are
Interested. ^
GANANOQUE. ONT.— The D. F. .Tones Co.
has added a night gang and is keeping its
rolling mills in constant operation.
AMHERST, N.S.- Extensive improvements
are being made in the shops of the Canada
Car Co. here. There are orders on hand to
keep the works busy till next .Tune.
ST. STEPHEN. N.B.- The Maritime Edge
Tool Co.. here, has mnile large additions to
Its factory. „ ,
ORTLLIA ONT.— The Canadian Refining *
Smelting Co. has its building up. and Is put-
ting In the plant for treating high-grade ( o-
' SHERBROOIvE. QUE.— The Canadian Fair-
banks Co.. manufacturers of weigh scales, will
double the manufacturing capacity of then-
plant here. „, . ■ ^
QITEBEC. I'.O.— The Dorchester Electric ( o.
Is to tinlld machine shops here, at a cost of
$200,000. , c , .
CHATHAM. ONT. The Dowsley Spring &
Axle Co. Is making extensions to Its plant.
OTTAWA, ONT.- Henderson Bros., of Brn-
ton England, have decided to estiibl'sh a
factory In Ottawa for the manufacture and
halr-cioth machines and patent horizontal
saws.
LONDON, ONT.— The Superior Machinery
Co. has obtained a charter.
TORONTO, ONT.— Sellew Motors, Ltd., has
ol)talned a charter.
VICTORIA, B.C. — Among the companies
either licensed or registered during the last
week of December to do business In British
Columbia, are the Burrlll Rock Drill Co.,
Record Foundry & Machine Co., Hallidie Ma-
ihlncry Co.
.TOLIETTE, QUE.- The JoUette Steel &
Iron Foundry is the name of a new manu-
facturing concern at Joliette, Que. The com-
liany Intend dealing in machinery and sup-
plies, steel aud iron castings of all kinds.
They have opened an office and show room
in .Montreal, under the management of J. D.
Query. The new company has absorbed the
business formerly carried on by the Joliette
Foundry Co. They also contemplate manu-
facturing some specialties In the near future.
HAMILTON — Fire, supposed to have been
caused by the ignition of crude oil used to
facilitate the handling of rolled steel, com-
pletely destroyed the Hamilton Steel & Iron
Company's rolling mills, at the corner of
Queen and Barton, recently. The frame shell,
In which the valuable rolls, furnaces aud hot
beds were located, was burned to the ground.
The forge and axle department, which is situ-
ated immediately west of the mills, was also
badly damaged. The loss is estimated at
$12,000.
LONDON — Alexander Gauld, brass finisher
at the Labatt Box Co., Is organizing a foun-
ilry company here, wliidi promise to employ
in a short time 100 men. The output of the
foundry will consist of all sorts of plumb-
ers' castings, pipings, etc.
ST. CATHARINES. ONT.— The Steel &
Radiation Co., of "Toronto, has agreed to
erect a new factory here, to begin active
operations by the end of the year, employing
100 men with an annual wage roll ot $50,000
for tlie first three years, and afterwards 250
men with an annual wage roll of $125,000. The
city gives the company a site of 'i5 acres, with
a fixed assessment of $0,000 for three years
and $10,000 for the next seven years.
ELECTRICAL, NOTES.
TORONTO — Debentures to the amount ot
one million dollars will shortly be Issued by
the city in connection with the construction
of the civic power plant.
VICTORIA, B.C.— The electric lighting by-
law ($25,000) was carried.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The machinery at the
l)lg dam of the Calgary Power Co., on the
Bow river at Kananaskis, is nearly all In-
stalled, and if nothing unforeseen occurs the
company will be in a position to supply
]>ower in Calgary by the date agreed upon,
April 1. 3011.
SASKATOON— E. L. White, city electrician,
has prepared estimates calling for an expendi-
ture of $140,656 for a light and power plant.
The proi)osed changes would double the ca-
pacity of the works.
WINDSOR, ONT. — Windsor has secured the
Canadian branch of the Moloney Electric Co.,
of St. Louis, Mo. The Moloney Company
manufacture electrical machinery on an ex-
tensive scale. They are erecting a temporary
building, in which manufacturing will prob-
ably start within two months.
ELKO. B.C.— The British Columbia Elec-
tric Co. win uild a plant here tor developing
power.
GRAND FALLS. N.B.— The Maine & N. B.
Electri<'al Power Co., of St. ,Tohn. N.B.. will
bnlld a new line here and erect a large power
plant.
HESPELER, ONT. — A municipal electric
lighting system will be installed here.
()TT.\WA. ONT. -The Ottawa Electric Rail-
way is building a new power house.
WATERLOO. ONT. -.'f.'iO.OOO will be spent
on an electric lighting plant here.
()TT.\WA, ONT. — American and English
capitalists will estnl)lish an electric smelting
Iilant at Chat's Falls, ou the Ottawa river. In
the spring.
PORCUPINE CITY, ONT.— C. L. Slierrlll,
of Buffalo, Is preparing to erect a power plant
here to taellltate the development of this dis-
trict.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
68
CAMROSE, ALTA.— The munlplpnllty-ownod
power plant here hus heeii opeued and Is
now in operation.
STRATHCONA, ALTA.— Steps are behiK
taken to Increase the capacity of the muni-
cipal electrical plant. About $70,000 worth
of machinery will be pnrchaHed. including a
600 kilowatt generator and engine and the
necessary boilers.
KINGSTON, ONT.— Mr. Beach, of Iroquois,
has options on water powers adjacent to
Calabogie, Renfrew Co., Que. He is planning
two generating plants, a main one at High
Palls, and a secondary one at Brockvllle.
WKLLAND, ONT.~The Falls Power Co.
h.is sold Its lighting system to the Welland
Electrical Co. This includes the street light-
ing here.
I'OllT HOPE, ONT.— A by-law granting a
30-year franchise to the Seymour Electric
Power Co. has been carried.
WINNIPEG— The Winnipeg Electric Rail-
way lias secured a permit for a new turbine
power building, tlie ostiniated coat being $72,-
000. It will have a turbine engine of 12,000
liorse-power.
INGERSOLL, ONT.— The by-law to ap-
point a commission to control the electric
light and power utility was carried.
GRAND FALLS— The Grand Falls Power
Co., of which Sir William C. Van Home is
one of the leading spirits, is preparing to
begin active operations towards the develop-
ment of a big industry at the Falls.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The Board of Control
accepted the tender of the Seamens Dynamo
Works, Toronto, for the 500-kllowatt genera-
tor sets for the power station. Their tender
amounted to $16,410.
BROCKVILLE, ONT.— .1. Wesley Allison, of
the New York & Ontario Co., states that
drills, boring machines, boilers and hoisting
apparatus for the power plant at Wadding-
ton, were uow being secured, so that work
could be commenced early In the spring, and
that electrical niachlneiy, water wheels and
other machinery necessary had been con-
tracted for.
BRANTFORD, ONT.— Hal Donly, Slmcoe;
W. S. Brewster, R. E. Ryerson. John Mulr
and W. D. Schultz, of Branfford, are appli-
cants for a charter for an electrical radial
line from Brantford to Port Dover.
BOWMANVILLE, ONT.— The plebiscite in
favor of the electric light being managed by
commissioners carried.
BROCKVILLE. ONT.— The by-law to amal-
gamate the light and water commissioners
carried.
.MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— The new electric
power bouse here has been completed and
machinery is being installed. A regulator
station is beinjg erected near the power house.
WEYBURN, SASK.— Owing to delay in the
arrival of machinery, the new power house
and electric service will not be ready for
use until March.
ST. TOHN. N.B. — The Maine & New Bruns-
wick Electrical Power Co. will build a line
from its plant at Aroostook Falls to Lime-
atone. Van Buren and St. I,eonards. running
near Grand Falls. Besides aelling power to
the towns, it is the object of the company to
furnish energy for the construction of the
large paper mill to be built on the St. .Tohn
river at Gr.tnd Falls.
WINNIPEG. MAN.— It Is reported that pri-
v.tte corporations, believed to be backed up
by C. N. R. Interests, are securing every
available hydro-electric site on the Winnipeg
river below Lac (in Bonnett and Point du
Bois. where the city is completing its .$2,000.-
000 power plant. There is a rnmor to the
effect that it is planned to underbid the city
in the sale of surplus power.
HAMILTON. ONT.--Tlie Hamilton & Port
Dover Electric Railway Co.. which has ob-
tained provincial charter to construct an elec-
tric line between Hamilton and Port Dover,
at an estimated cost of .Sl.Ono.OOO. will build
Its power house at Caledonia. George Lynch
Staunton. K.C.. namilton, Is to lie president
of the company.
OTTAWA. ONT.— Sparks Street, in this city.
la to have a "White Way." Tlie municipal
electric department has charge of installing
the service and expe<-ts to have the lights go-
ing before the end of .Tanuary.
QUEBEC. P.O.- The Dorchester Electric Co.
has obtained the consent of the municipal
authorities to extend Its system into this
cltv aid sell electricitv.
II.\MILTnN. ONT.— The directors of the
Dominion Power i>t Transmission Co. have
placed an order with the Canadian Westing-
house Co. for a new generator, to be installed
at the former company's power works at De
Cern Falls. The capacitv of the generator is
to be 8,.'i00 h.p.. and Its cist to be $200,000.
The power company is also arranging to
build another sub-station in Hamilton. This
will eoit «100,000.
BOWMANVILLE, ONT.— A franchise was
voted to the Seymour Power & Electric Co.
in this towu, on Dec. 27.
PETEKBORO, ONT.— The Can. Gen. Ele.-.
Co. win construct a power house on the
waterworks dam, near here. Bids are now
being received.
NKW COMI'ANIES.
TORONTO. ONT.— The Augustine Auto-
matic Rotary Engine Co., capitalized at $1,-
000,000 has been Incorporated.
LONDON, ONT.— The "Superior .Machinery
Co." has been Incorporated. The promoters
are .1. Fitzgerald, E. W. Scott, G. E. Scott, and
T. Bryan, manufacturers, and J. B. P. Tan-
ton, merchant, all of this place. They have
taken over the business formerly known as
The Superior Repairing and Mfg. Co. and will
deal In all kinds of machinery. The head
office will be here.
TORONTO^ ONT.— Barr Registers Co., has
been Incorporated with capital of $50,000.
They will manufacture registers and store
devlies. Among the directors are W. H.
.Matthews, A. B. Bywater and J. A. Steven-
son, M.D., of Trenton.
ST. .JOHN, N.B.— C. J. Salmon, W. G. Salm-
on, H. G. Adams, M. A. Hatheway and G.
Dodge, of St. John, are applying for Incorpor-
ation as "The Globe Steam Laundry, Ltd.,"
to be located here.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The North Fork Power
Co. have been Incorporated.
The Byrnes Mfg. Co., of Colllngwood, has
been Incorporated. They will carry on a
wood-working business.
VANCOUVER, , B.C.— The North American
Lumber Co. has been incorporated in British
Columbia. The manager, H. L. Jenkins, has
his head office here in the B. C. Trust Block,
on Pender Street.
HAMILTON — Hamilton Machinery Co.,
Hamilton, Ont., have been Incorporated to
carry on business of mechanical engineers
and manufacturers of machinery, with a
capital stock of forty thousand dollars. Those
or
ALUMINOUS ABRASIVE,
made under Canadian
Patent No. 116400 to
A. C. Higgins.
ADDRESS
Norton Company
CHIPPAWA, ONT.
on Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
—Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRING CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
OPAL GLASS TILING
FOR WALLS OP
MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSE!
Host approved matarlal.
TORONTO PLATE CLASS IMPORTINC CO'Y
PLaTB AUD WIKDOW •LIM
ISB to 149 Vlotorla St., • Terente
LAFFITTE
WELDING
PLATES
THE CHEMICAL WELDING
COMPOUND, MADE IN THE
FORM OF A PLATE, WELDS
AT A LOW HEAT. SAVES
33% IN TIME, FUEL AND
LABOR. NO BAD WELDS.
NO LOST HEATS.
SAMPLES FREE
ON REQUEST
CARRIED IN STOCK BY ALL LEADING
CANADIAN DEALERS AND JOBBERS
The Phillips-Laffitte Co.
PennBldg., Philadelphia, Pa, U.S.A.
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
We have the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & CO.
HE8PELER, ONT.
64
CANADIAN MACHINERY
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can be secured for any class of castlnes by arraneinn your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry worlc are at your
service when you consult with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS. CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS, FUELS. CORES. OILS. Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.
iSaaiiliR
rr V.<fi
ESTABLISH A MODERN TAX-
FREE ALCOHOL DISTILLERY
We have a Good Proposition for Motor Mf rs.
Having exported our Stills in larg* amounts for many years, and already tiaving
several far Eastern agencies we are now open to establish additional agencies nod invite
correspondence to that end, looliing after our old customers and prospective buyers by
special successful riemonstrative methods for malting Alcohol, Apple Jacli, Aguardiente,
Mescal, Teguila, Peach Brandy, Whiskey, etc. Most modern and simple. All sizes, 5 to
500 gallons daily capacity distilling apparatus.
ARE YOU LOOKING FOR information relating to INDDSTRIAL or DENATURED
ALCOHOL DISTILLING APPARATUS and the amazing possibilities of the utilization
of waste farm products and wood waste by superheated steam distillation, the distilling
apparatus as used by us ; the principle involved, also the methods of chemical control
and disposal of the product and by-products 7 We will gladly say to you :
Denatured Alcohol to-day is ol tlie greatest untold benefit to the American motor
people. It opens an absolutely new field for investment for progressive paper pulp and
chemical fibre mills, paint, varnish, soap and candle makers, gardeners, farms and
garbage plants, saw-mills, lumbermen and canneries. The Automobiles and the Navies
of the world clamor for this new tax-free cheaper industrial alcohol. May we ei-pect
some encouragement from the more patrotic pioneers for this new American Industry T
The field Is new and profitable, and you can practically have the business your own
way by starting now. We are makers of an apparatus for the production of this de-
natured or Industrial alcohol °. we build and install plants — large or small. The initial
cost of a plant is small : the financial risk— If any— is trifling. The equipment Is such
that It can be added to at any time without disturbing the original Installation.
Address
THE WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES CO., Inc.
WHEELING, W. VA^ U.S.A.
iiKorpornted are .M. VV. Beat, salesman, F. W.
Woods, munufaoturer, G. F. Webb, contrac-
tor, nil o( Hnniilton, Ont., and N. B. Manclll,
salesman, Vancouver, B.C.. and R. F. Manclll,
salesman, of Goderlch, Ont.
MONTREAL— .StHudard Jfachlnes Co., ot
Montreal, has been incorporated to mauu-
faiture all kinds of eugines and machines.
G. V. Cousins and O. B. MacCallum, barris-
ters, P. F. Browu, stenographer, W. R. Ford,
clerk, S. T. Mains, bookkeeper, nil of Mon-
treal.
MONTREAL — Canadian Steel Foundries,
head office at Montreal, have been incorporat-
ed to manufacture and deal iu machinery. Q.
O.Cousins and O. B. MacCallum. barristers,
S. T. Mains, accountant, P. F. Brown, secre-
tary, and W. R. Ford, clerk, all of Montreal,
are the incorporators.
VICTORIAVILLE. QUE.— The Vlctoriaville
Chair Mfg. Co. has obtained a charter.
ST. .JOHN, N.B.— Micliael Sullivuu, of King-
ston, has been awarded the contract to build
the armory here. It is estimated the build-
ing when completed will cost about $250,000.
SHEKBROOKE, QUE.— Simoneau and Dion
linve been awarded the $200,000 contract for
an office building for the Quebec Railway,
Heat and I'ower Co., at Quebec. The building
must be completed by November.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Investors' Guar-
antee Corporation will erect a lifteeu-storey
block here nt an estimated cost of l-IOOiOOO.
Vancouver, B.C.— The Hudson's Bay . Co.
propose to erect a six or eight storey steel
building here.
SUDBURY, ONT.— The Casey-Shaw Lum-
licr Co. has obtained a charter.
MONTREAL. QUE.— Canadian Rotary Ma-
cliine Company, capital stock $«00,000. To
control Wilhelm von Plttler's system of ro-
tary engines and machines In Canada.
MONTREAL— National Bridge Co., Mou-
treal. Que; capital stock, $1,000,000. To
cirry on a general bridge building business
and to erect the necessary plant,
MUNICIPAL.
PENTICTON, B.C.— By-laws in favor of the
installation of ■ a waterworks and electric
liRhting system were carried recently.
KSQUI.MALT. B.C.— The position of general
manager of the Esquimau Waterworks Co.
rondered vacant by the death of T. Lubbe
will not be filled, the directors undertaking
the management of the business.
TORONTO, Out— R. Chadwick. the city's
bridge engineer, has resigned to accept a
position with a New York contracting firm.
'I'he Board of Control has appointed Mr.
Cousins his successor.
WESTVILLE, N.S.— The new pump has
arrived from Toronto. Mr. Mclntyre of the
Canada Foundry Co. will superintend the
erection.
SHERBROOKE, QUE.— The City Council
has awarded the contract for power develop-
ment to Morrow and Beathe. of Peterboro'.
their tender of .$51,220 being the lowest. This
amount covers the construction of the dam
and power house.
STRATHROY, ONT.— The by-law to raise
$(i.000 for improvements to the electric light
and waterworks systems carried.
ORILLIA. ONT.— The by-law granting the
Canada Refining & Smelting Co. certain privi-
leges was carried.
GODERICir, ONT.— The by-law to raise
$20,000 by dcliontures for the building ot n
storm sewer and referendum towards build-
ing new municipal buildings were both car-
ried.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The City Council
provisionally passed debenture by-laws to
raise and oxi)eiid $4,'>0.00f» on public works.
Those Include $107,000 for a Iiridge over the
Saskatchewan River.
STRATHCON.\. ALTA.— Tenders addressed
to David Kwing, chief engineer power house,
liere. for Engine. Boilers and Generators will
he received up to March 1st, Iflll. Specifica-
tions may be had from the city engineer,
A. .T. McLean.
OTTAWA.- It is announced here that a
new steel bridge will be built over the Ottawa
river nt Temlskamlng. The Federal Gov-
ernment will contrlliute .$.10,000. Quebec $15.-
000 and Ontario an amount to be fixed later.
NORTH VANCOI'VER. B.C.— The Second
Narrows' bridge connecting up the north and
south shores of linrrard Inlet with a pro-
posed $1.2.10,000 traffic and railway bridge Is
now assured since the electors have voted the
necessary funds.
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE— The city council
has appointed a special committee to ascer-
tain the possibility of purcnasing a central
electric light and gas plant with the view of a
municipal owned plant to furnish the city
with light and power.
VICTORIA. B.C. — On the recommendation
of the water commissioner, the city will pur-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
66
c'huse 473 Trident water meters of varioua
sizes at a cost of $7,500; 15,000 feet of 12 In.,
10,000 feet of 8 In., 35,000 feet of « lu., 80,000
feet of 4 In. Manncssman's steel tubes at a
cost of $80,000; and 400 gate valves of various
sizes at an estimated cost of $4,000; and 15
tons of pi)? lead. These supplies will be used
In extensions of the distribution system.
HAURISTON, ONT.— A complete new
waterworks system Is being Installed here.
ST. CATHARINES, ONT.— ?180,000 will br
spent on the waterworks plant here.
XOltTII VANCOUVER. B.C.— The munici-
pality Is In the market for $50,000 worth of
cast-Iron pipe.
PE.MBROKB, ONT.— The municipality Is In
the market for 6,000 feet of 18-inch lapwelded
or riveted steel piping.
NELSON, B.C.— The city will install man-
ual training equipment in the schools here.
iVtacbiue-tool equipment will be required.
RIDQETOWN, ONT.— The plebiscite for
waterworks carried.
OWEN SOUND, ONT.— The by-law to re-
build two bridges was carried.
MITCHELL, ONT.— A by-law to run the
municipal electric light and waterworks by a
commission carried.
HARRISTON, ONT.— The by-law for muni-
cipal waterworks carried.
WESTON, ONT.— The by-law for a com-
misslou to manage the electric lights and
waterworks was carried.
VICTORIA, B.C.— The $150,000 waterworks
loan by-law and Sooke Lake by-law both
carried.
TORONTO.— The city will apply for legls-
latiou to Issue debentures to raise $026,544
for a new waterworks intake pipe, a six-foot
steel conduit, and the necessary additional
pumping mains.
SAULT AU RECOLLET, QUE.— A modern
waterworks system will likely be installed
here in the near future.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The ratepayers have
authorized the issue of $400,000 of debentures
for waterworks extension.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Tenders will be re-
ceived up to 11 a.m., on Monday, February
6th, 1911, for the manufacture, delivery and
erectiou complete of two pumping plants each
of a capacity of one million imperial gallons
per 24 hours. Specifications, forms of tenders
may be obtained at the o%ce of the City En-
gineer, 223 .Tames Avenue, Winnipeg.
BROCKVILLB, ONT.— The municipally
owned waterworks system here shows u net
surplus for the past year of $2,406.02.
BOWMANVILLE, ONT.— The indebtedness
of $19,280 incurred by the late Durham Rub-
ber Co. with this municipality and taken over
by the Goodyear Tire Co.. of Canada, has
been wiped out by the carrying of a by-law
granting a bonus of an equal amount. A
partial exemption from taxation and a fixed
assessment have also been granted the Good-
year Company.
CALG.\RY, ALTA.— Commissioner Graves
estimates that between 25 and 30 miles of
water mains will be laid during the present
year. The waterworks for 1910 shows a sur-
plus of $3,.335..36.
BOWMANVILLE, ONT.— This municipality
is considering the installation of waterworks.
The proposed source of water supply Is from
springs seven miles distant. John Lyle, clerk.
.Saw Mill aDd Planing Mill News.
THOROLD, ONT.— The Colonial Wood
Products Co. has Just erected an addition, 72
by 45 feet, to its mill to provide for addition-
al wet machine capacity, enabling it to in-
crease the output of mechanically ground
wood pulp. This company commenced oper-
ating in February and the extension referred
to has been necessitated by the demand for
Its ground wood. The plant is operated
electrically, having two grinders at present
and four wet machines.
CHARLOTTETOWN, P.E.I.— The wood-
working steam mifis of Barnard Creamer, of
Sour's. have been totally destroyed by fire.
Loss, $8,000. .\o Insurance. Another mill,
that of M. F. Schurman and Co., Summer-
side, was also burned.
LETHBRIDGE, ALTA.— Becker and Yates,
with headiiuarters here, will open a lumber
yard, and do a general lumber business.
FORT FRANCES, ONT.— Work has com-
meuced on the new mills of the Shevlln-
Clarke Co., here. The erection will be com-
plete by .Tune Ist.
RICHMOND, QUE.— Messier & Desmaruis
have purchased the Haslett portable saw mill
plant at Tronholmville ana wiu remove it
to Richmond and make additions to the
plant.
STEWART, B.C.— The Portland Canal Min-
ing Co. are building a new saw mill here.
KI.NSELLA.— W. H. Kennelv Is starting a
lumber yard here.
DIES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W, H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
Just think of it!
A joint that simply CANNOT leak. You pick out
tlie meanest joint in the shop — a joint that is prover-
bial for its everlasting leakiness — and put on a
tt
DART" UNION
It will never bother you again. You see, each sec-
tion of a Dart Union is seated with smooth-ground
bronze. They meet in a bronze to bronze ball joint
that is impervious to corrosion, a joint that is per-
manently tight against steam, air, gas, oil and water.
Your doaler has them—aak Mm.
DART UNION CO., Limited, 93-97 Niagara St., Toronto, Canada
WHEW!!
LOOK AT TIN!!
NOW is the time to order 100 pounds of
B A S S I T E
And find out just what it will do for you towards
SAVING 40 PER CENT. OF THE PRICE OF TIN
You have the strength and quality test reports, or
we will send them on application.
BUT ORDER NOW.
The Bassite Smelting & Mf^. Co.,
Incorporated
Cincinnati and Milford, Ohio, U.S.A.
06
CANADIAN MACHINERY
1=
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Fcr general machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.
Oar catalogue showi many
styles and sites and is sent
fret, : : :
The Gushman Chuck Co.
Hartiord, Conn., U.S.A.
EitabllehMI 1862
NO TEST IS TOO SEVERE
FOR THE
((
Imperial" Chuck
A bold assertion, but one which
we are prepared to back !
To show our confidence in the
ability of the " Imperial " Chuck
to [answer any call made on it,
we will send one to your shop on
30 DAYS' FREE TRIAL.
Test it any way you please, and
if you are not thoroughly satis-
fied, send it back AT OUR COST.
Get details to-day. Send
for catalogue.
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
CHILLIWACK, B.C.— The Ahhotsford Tim-
ber and Tradlntr Co. are opening u lumber
yard here.
GOLUEN CITY, B.C.— TIic new mill of lUe
Columbia River Lumber Co., l\pre, bus been
enclosed and the placing of inaol'.lnery is lip-
Ing proceeded with. A tui'iilue engine will
furnish the power.
FORT GEORGE, B.C.— Throe more saw
mills will he established In this district and
be in readiness for operations in the spring.
Two of these will be locateL" on the Neehaco
river and the third on tlie I'ntser river, six
miles above Fort George.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— The lu.nber mill and
limits of the Salmon lilvcr Lumber Co. In
Langley municipality hme been sold to the
Western Lumber and Shingle Co., with heii
office in Vancouver, for $B0 0<)0. The pur-
chasers have placed Mr. MUchcll in charge.
It is their Intention to operate the mill and
posslhlv install a shingle mill and dry Ulln.
lUDGETOWN, ONT.— The Mills of the
Howard Cooperage and ijumlv.'r Co. will lie
re-opened, having been closed for two years.
Lumber, baskets, veneer -lud fish boxes will
be handled.
DAUPHIN, MAN— T. A Burrows nf this
place will build a large sa-.v mill on the
McLeod River, 26 miles west of Wolf Creek.
Building operations will be commenced this
winter.
CHATHAM, N.B.— J. B. Snowball Co. are
altering and extending their large saw mill
here. It has been lengthened 32 feet, and a
filing room added. Two of the three gang
saws will be replaced by an eight-Inch band
mill, a seven-inch re-saw band, and a twin
rotary slabber.
New Westminster, B.C.— Galbralth & Sons
intend erecting a saw mill and factory on
Lulu Island. The saw mill is to be 40 by 225
by 60 feet. The plant Is to be up-to-date,
having a large dry lumber shed 45 by 65 feet,
drv house 30 by 120 feet, and a loading plant
.30 by 40 feet. The mill will be a three-storey
one.
CARIBOU, N.B.— S. W. Collins & Son's
lumber mill here back of the Vaughn House,
was whollv ' destroyed by Are recently. The
loss was $7,000. insurance $1,000. This mill
may not be rebuilt, as a mill in that spot is
said to be not a very profitable proposition.
OWEN SOUND, ONT.— The Galbralth-
Bumstead syndicate are rushing the work on
their new planing mill, sash and door fac-
tory here. Approved mill construction Is be-
ing used.
LETHBBIDGB. ALTA.— The Farmers Lum-
ber Co. are building a lumber yard here.
General Mannfactnrlng
MOOSE JAW, SASK.— The Western Manu-
facturing Co., Regina, has purchased the
Saskatchewan Sash and Door Co., here, and
will make additions to the plant.
ORILLIA, ONT.— The Canada Keg & Barrel
Co. will commence the erection of factory
buildings here In the early spring. A site of
5 acres has been granted by the town.
BERLIN, ONT.— The L. MeBrine Co., trunk
manufacturers, and the Art Glass Co., are
each planning to construct large additions to
their present factories. In addition, the Felt
Boot and Rubber Manufacturers will build
u box factory for their own use.
REGINA, SASK.— The Massey-Harris Co.
are building a track warehouse here, 96x4.S
feet and two storeys high. They will also
build track warehouses at Swift Current
and Areola.
REGINA, SASK.— The Sawyer-Massey Co.,
of Hamilton, will erect a warehouse and dis-
tributing agency here. The construction will
be of brick and steel throughout with con-
crete floors. The building is to be steam-
heated.
SARNIA, ONT.— H. Diver has purchased a
site from the Cleveland-Sarnla Saw Mills
Co., and will commence the establishment of
a new industry here. The new firm will
manufacture doors, especially of the better
class, veneered and fancy hardwood. The
main building will be 80x200 feet, two storeys
In height, and of reinforced concrete. There
will be a storage building of 20x200 feet, dry
kilns of 60xG0 feet, and a building, for the
steam power plant of 40x80 feet. Work on
the erection of the new structure will be com-
menced forthwith.
RIDGETOWN, ONT.— T. G. Johnston hag
taken an interest in the Leltch basket works.
A new veneer machine, rip saw, new boiler
and engine will be placed in the factory.
LONDON, ONT.— A large knitting concern
from the United States has leased a building
here and will commence operations In the
near future.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The Beaver Board Co., of
BnlTalo, N.y., has purchased land in Ottawa
upon which to erect a factory for the making
d) Limlied. O
/rfanmacwrerj
MALLEABLE
* IRON •
CASTINGS
TWO PLANTS
?P=^ 8000 TONS
5miihsfblls Ontario
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. John, N.B. Vancouver, B.C.
In the United Statts, Simonds Mfg. Co.
\
CANACIAN MACHINERY
67
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
83 Front 8t. W., Toronto
DAM Q and SUPPLIES
r\rAIL.O New tnd Second-hand
For RAILWAYS. TRAMWAYS, Etc.
Old Material Bought and Sold.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
^ALL KINDS-^
Difficult' Core Work a Specialty
Mi^h Grade • Righf Prices - Prompf Delivery
SAT/Sf'ACTOfir WORK OUARANTeCD
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
258 CATHERINE. STREET NORTH
HAMILTON . ONT
FOR
TALL KINDS OF MACHINE '
WORK. MADE IN
WOOD. BRASS
'WHITE METAL OR IRON
' by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
87 Jar V 15 St.ToroRto. Canada^
eJOHNCARR
PAt^TEP'NaMODELS
'Wdop OR Metal
. BRAUaiTSff "^
.J8 MaKY 5t. HAMlLTON;(Dr^T .
of fireproof boarding to take the place of latb
and plaster.
MONTUEAL, QUE.— The pulp and paper
mills to be cstnbllslied by Price Bros. & Co.,
on the Riviere an .Sable, and for the building
of which $5,000,000 has recently been ralse<l
by the sale of the company's bonds In Lon-
don, are to be ready for operation by June,
1912. The new Industries are expected to
bring Into existence at that point a town of
4.000 or 5,000 Inhabitants. A water power de-
velopment that can be depended on to main-
tain 14.000 h.p. win be begun as soon as
possible.
AMHERST, N.S.— The Amherst Boot &
Shoe Co., whose plant turns out 1,000 pairs a
day, is doubling its manufacturing capacity.
BniidlDK Notes.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Extensive alterations
win be commenced in the spring on the
abattoir and packing plant of P. Burns & Co.
About $200,000 win be expended.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Mr. I.ester will erect
a $100,000 six-storey building here In the
spring. Up-to-date eault)mcnt will be a fea-
ture of the building throughout.
PRINCE RUPERT. B.C.— The Pacific Con-
struction Co.. of Victoria. B.C.. has been
awarded the contract for the marine depart-
ment depot here. The contract price is $150.-
000.
HAMILTON. ONT. — The International
Harvester Co. have let a contract for a
new office at their plant to G. B. Mills.
Cost, $40,000.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The C.P.R. will erect
a big hotel here.
ST. CATHARINES, ONT.— The city has de-
cided to give 35 acres of free land to the Steel
and Radiation, Limited. The company will
spend $50,000 on buildings.
REGINA, SASK.— Hand Bros. & Nellermoe
Co., of Winnipeg, will erect a $50,000 Imple-
ment warehouse here. The headquarters of
the firm will be moved here.
REGINA, SASK.— The Toronto Type -Foun-
dry Co.. of Toronto, are preparing plans for
a $20,000 warehouse. It will have steam heat-
ing, plumbing and an electric hoist.
TORONT, ONT.— The C.P.K. will erect at
the corner of King and Yonge streets, a six-
teen storey building, costing over $1,000,000.
It will be of steel, faced with glazed terra
cotta and will be one of the finest office
buildings in the world.
SASKATOON, ALTA.— The Canadian Fair-
banks Co. will erect a block here on Twenty-
Third Street.
SASKATOON, ALTA.— The International
Harvester Co. have a scheme in view which
will extend their premises considerably. It
is also stated that the .7. I. Case Co. wlU
l)uild in this city.
SASKATOON, ALTA.— The American -Abell
Engine and Thresher Co. also Intend locating
here. They have erected offices and a ware-
house opposite the C.P.R. depot.
SASKATOON, ALTA.— The Hnrt-Parr Co..
of Charles City, Iowa, wannfacturers of oil
and gasoline traction plow engines have lo-
cated offices here as liendquarters for North-
ern' Saskatchewan and Northern Manitoba.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The Engineers' Club
will make extensive Improvements to their
clubhouse here. The plans call for an ex-
penditure of $100,000.
MEDICINE HAT. ALTA.— The Alberta Lin-
seed Oil and Paint Co. will erect a plant here.
It will be fireproof, of brick and cement, ex-
cepting elevators which shall be of the usual
material.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Central Y.M.C.A.
will erect a new building here at a cost of
from $300,000 to $400,000. It will be of fire-
proof construction, with a steel frame, brick
walls and fireproof fioors and partitions.
EDMONTON. ALTA.— MacDougall & Secord
contemplate the erection of a ten-storey busi-
ness block on the corner of First and .Jasper
i^treets. The date of construction has not
been decided upon.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— Architect H. A. Ma-
goon is preparing plans for a five-storey
hotel to be built by .T. B. Mercer, on present
site of Grand Central Hotel. Cost abont $100,-
000.
OTTA'WA, ONT.— A new ngricultnral im-
plement and machinery hall at the exhibition
srrounds will be built this year at a cost of
$75,000.
REGINA. SASK.— Plans are ready for the
new Donahue Block to be erected this spring
on Eleventh Ave., at a cost of $100,000. It will
be modern in every respect.
ORILLIA. ONT.— The Canada Refining and
Smelting Co. will extend Its plant here.
PRINCETON, B.C.— The British Columbia
Portland Cement Co. is building a large plant
here.
ST. JOHN, N.B.^The Partington Pulp and
11
11
In Close Quarters
Look at how our new Face Piste Jaws
operate in close quarters, cominir close lo-
ffether nt the centre like an ordinary chuck
for holdinc small work.
We make Face Plate Jaws from 4 to
14 inches.
BORING MILL JAWS in all sizes.
LATHE CHUCKS of distinctly new desticns
WRITB FOR FULL DHAILS
S. E. HORTON MACHINE CO.
WINDSOB LOCKS, CONN.. U.S.A.
(Not the E. Horton & Son Co.)
[J j]
NA/A NT E: D
The Services of a ReprecentatiTe
in Canada
to look after our old customers and pros-
pective buyers of our Modern. Simple, Tax-
free Industrial Alcohol Distilling Apparatus,
by special successful demonstrative methods
for makins Alcohol. Apple Jack. Asuardienie.
Mescal. Tequila. Peach Brandy, W^hiskey.
Solidified Alcohol in Cubes. Etc.. also De-
natured Alcohol. Most modern, simple. 5
Gal. Still and all sizes to 500 Oal. Daily Cap-
acities. Good Salary and Commission. Ad-
dress with three references.
THE WOOD WASTE DISTILLERIES CO., Inc.
WheeliDi, W. Va., U.S.A.
iSTAMPINGSSr
No mstter how^ hard a stampinir problem you
put up to us, the chances are we can satisfy
you. Many people use stampings in place of
cflstingrs and find them more satisfactoo' and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.
The Silent Partner is an inter-
esting little msgazine. Wt send
it free— when there's a reason
THE GLOBE MACHINE & STAMPING GO.
899 Hamilton Street, Olevaland, 0.
68
CANADIAN MACHINERY
v■^J^^(:^'y:^^v^?:?!:^t^-.-;^v^^^^>^:•A«^
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON,
ENGLAND
Beg to announce THE OPENING on
October fifteenth, 1910, of their new
Csuiadian Headquarters, at 24 Adelaide St. W., Toronto
in charge of
MESSRS. PARKE & LEITH, General Agents for Canada
A Large Stock of Aluminium in all the Commercial Forms will
be kept — Wholesale and Retail.
mn
Best Tool Steel
"ARK" High-Speed Steel
THE FAVORITE BRANDS WITH USERS OF GOOD STEEL.
A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF SIZES IN STOCK.
JESSOP'S HIGH-GRADE FILES AND RASPS.
80 Bay St., Toronto, Ontailo
Ohas. L. Bailey, Agent.
Beid-Newfoundland Company
St. John's, Newfoundland.
Jas. Bobertson Co., Ltd
Montreal, Quebec
Jas. Bobertson Co., Ltd.,
St. John, New Brunswick
WM. JESSOP & SONS, Limited, Manufactory, SHEFFIELD. ENGLAND.
LUBRICATION AND SUPERHEAT
The greater use of superheated steam is making modern
lubrication more difficult. You no doubt realize this yourself. In
the event of trouble, however, we want to suggest to you
DIXON'S FLAKE GRAPHITE
which, unlike oil or grease, is entirely unaffected by any degree of
superheat.
Engineers from all over the country write and tell us that
Dixon's Flake Graphite solves their lubrication troublesl'experi-
enced with superheated steam.
We would be glad to send you free trial sample by No. 223-C.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.
JERSEY CITY, N.J.
Taper Co. will mnke extensive Improvements
to Its plant here.
CHATHAM, ONT.— The Western Bridge
and Equipment Co. will build a large factory
liere.
PORT AllTHUK, ONT.— A new armory will
be erected here in the spring at a cost of
.flL'.'i.OOO.
OTTAWA. ONT.— Tenders will soon be
called on the new departmental block to be
located here. The total cost will likely be
about three and u half millions and big con-
tractors all over the Dominion are making
enquiries with a view of tendering.
VICTORIA, B.C.— L. W. Hnrgreaves has
completed the plans for a flve-storey hotel to
be erected here. The bniiding will be of rein-
forced concrete, and have elevators and a
steam heating system.
SYDNEY, C.B.— R. L. Johnston, of St. John,
lias about completed arrangements for a large
rolling mill plant here. New York capitalists
are interested. He took options on two sites,
and definite announcement of plans will be
made later. The new company will construct
a very large plant, having completed arrange-
ments with the Dominion Steel Corporation
for stock. They have secured from the Town
Council a bonus of $50,000, with nominal
water and tax.
REVELSTOKB, B.C.— The Dominion Saw
Mills and Lumber Co., of Three Valley, and
Reveistoke, B.C. have let a contract for the
erection of a three-storey office building on
A'ictoria Ave., here.
THREE RIVERS, QUE.— The Fres Falls
Co. is pushing the construction of its pulp
and paper mills at Cap de Madeline, near
here.
PORT HOI'E, ONT.— The Standard Ideal
Co., manufacturers of enameled sanitary ware,
are spending $100,000 on new construction.
WALKERVILLE, ONT.— The Canadian
Bridge Co. is making a $100,000 addition to
its works.
MERRITTON, ONT.— An .addition of 40 x
fiO ft. Is being made to the works of the Wheel
Company here.
PETERBOROUGH. ONT.— The addition the
Canadian General Electric Co. Is making to
its works at Peterborough will be 12.5 x 274
ft. It is to be of brick and steel, and is to
cost $100,000.
Xew Companies.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Central Canada
Iron & Steel Corporation capitalized at
.'S1,'',.000,000 has been incorporated.
VICTORIA, B.C.— The Western Laundry
Madiinery Co. has been registered.
MOOSE JAW, SASK.— The Moose Jaw Im-
plement Co. has been incorporated to deal in
farm implements. The firm is composed of
A. H. Gamble, T. ,7. McCammon and W. C.
Yeo, all of this city.
Trades Notes.
THREE RIVERS, P.Q.— The contract for
the pulp machine for the Wayakamlte Paper
Co. has been let to the Jeffrey Mfg. Co., Mon-
treal.
The Chapman Double Ball Bearing Co.,
Toronto, are now manufacturing ball bearings
for the Tudhope, Reo and Ford Motor Com-
panies. They have received the orders for
bearings for the Canadian National Acme
Mfg. Co. and Crown Laundry, Montreal, and
new plants of Watson and Smith and Nas-
mith In Toronto.
WELLAND, ONT.— The Annual meeting of
the Robertson Machinery Co. was held .Tan.
13, when the following officers were elected:
President, D. D. Hooker; vice-president, Blake
L. Booth; secretary, J. H. Crow; directors,
the above officers and Alex. Robertson and
(}. W. Sutherland.
TORONTO, ONT. — At the annual meeting of
the shareholders of the Johnston Harvester
Companv, held at the head offices of the com-
IKiny in" Batavla, N.Y., three directors of the
Miissey-IIarrls Company, viz.: Senator L.
Meivlii-Jones, Joseph N. Shenstone and
Thomas FIndley, were elected as directors.
At a subsequent meeting of the directors.
Senator L. Melvln-Jones was made president
of the company, G. A. Farrall, vice president
and general manager, L. D. Collins, treasurer
and assistant general manager, and E. At-
water, secretary. Mr. Farrall, Mr. Collins and
Mr Atwater are residents of Batavla and are
continuing in the active management of the
company.
GALT, ONT.— The Stevens Co., manufac-
turers of machine tools have recently taken
the agency for the Gronkvlst Drill Chucks
made In Katrlncholm, Sweden.
Wrlland Board of Trade.
At the annual meeting of the Welland
Hoard of Trade the following officers were
elected : -David Ross, pres.; T. D. Cowper,
vice-pres.; J. D. Payne, secretary; A. H. M.
Hay manager Bank of Nova Scotia, treasurer;
CANADIAN MACHINERY
69
T. J. Dillon and F. A. Loiint, auditors; B. .T.
McCormick, Industrliil lonimlssloncr ; council,
F. N. McConnell, H. l'\ Stoddard, H. I-. Halt,
L. U. Duff, G. ('. Brown and (i. W. Illckcy.
<'uiinilu Car * Koundr.v C'u. Acciiilrcs Ontario
Iri»n and Steei I'lant.
Arrangenicnts liave l)Cpn coniiilcted f<n' tlic
transfer of the Ontario Iron & St«el plant in
Welland to the Canadian Car & Foundry Co..
Montreal, wliicli is a Canadian branch of the
American Iron & Steel Co. The Ontario Iron
and Steel Co. are coniiileting a new .$'.'0.(XH)
office building in Welland and additional im-
provements will be made. The Pagc-IIcrsey
Works, manage<l by Mr. Mosley, is not in-
cluded in the deal.
Dominion Iron & Ste«l Co. Coke Ovenn.
Completing touches are being put upon the
instalhition of Otto by-product coke ovens .it
the plant of the Dominion Iron & Steel Co.,
Sydney, N.S.. ami operations will be In-
augurated within several months. The new
plant consists of 120 ovens of the stan<lard
Otto type with a holding capacity of 1.! tons
of coal each. The product will be devoted to
the requirements of the group of blast fur-
naces of tlie company. This is the second
insallation of Otto ovens by the Dominion
Iron and Steel Company, a plant of tills type
having been put in service there some years
ago. Construction ^vork on tlie present In-
stallation has been under way for the past 13
months and the completion of the plant with-
in this period Is regarded as a very satisfai-
torv achievement considering the weather
conditions that are confronted there by rea-
son of the geograpliicnl location. Tlie United
Gas & Coke Co., Whitehall building, New
York City, which controls the Otto rights, is
building the plant.
Taylor ti Arnold Open Winnipeg Office.
Taylor & Arnold, railway material and sup-
plies, Montreal, have opened an office in the
Scott Block, Main Street, Winnipeg, with G.
C. Walker in charge, to look after all the
company's western interest.
Incorporation of Robert W. Hunt * Co.
Robert W. Hunt and Co. have been incor-
porated under the Dominion Companies Act,
with a capital of ?.">0.000 and office at Mon-
treal, to carry on the business, in all Its
branches, of civil, mechanical, mining and
electrical engineers, analysts, nietallnrglsts,
surveyors, assayers, examiners and inspectors,
to take over the Canadian business of Robert
W. Hunt and Co., and also to actjuire the
business and carry out the contracts of the
Standard Inspection Bureau.
Canada Motors, Limited.
Arrangements have been completed for the
establishment of a new industry in Gait,
known as Canada Motors. It will have a
capital of S'J.W.OOO. The following officers
have been elected : president. George Dobbie ;
vice-president, A. M. Edwards; secretary, C.
.Tansen : managing director, D. R. Perry ;
treasurer, E. J. Getty. These, with Dr. Mac-
Kendrick, F. Stewart Scott, Dr. T. F. Camp-
bell, all of Gait, and A. N. W. Clare, of Pres-
ton, win form the board of directors. The
company have engaged temporary quarters
until permanent buildings are erected.
Hamilton Facing: Mill Co. Calendar.
Following their usual custom, the Hamilton
Facing Mill Co., Hamilton, foundry outfitters
and manufacturers of foundry facings and
supplies are mailing to their friends a caien-
ilar for office or home decoration. It con-
tains a reproduction of the famous painting
"The Girl in Bine," by Wm. Tbonie. The
whole painting is a harmony of eloiiuent
color for which the paintings of Wm. Thorne
are notalile.*
Massey-Harris Co. Busy.
The Massey-Harris Co., Toronto, who liave
been working overtime for about two montiis
have started a night gang and will be in full
operation night and day.
New Bridge Co.
The National Bridge Co., has been incorpor-
ated with a capital of ,$1,000,000 and $,3,000,000
liond issue. A large plant is being construct-
ed at Longue Pointe, near Montreal. The
steel work is up and the company will soon
be operating. The new organization will have
as its president, .1. N. Greensbields : as vice-
president. William Lyall. and the directorate
will consist of Hon. Robt. Mai'kay, H. W.
Beauderk and B. M. Shepherd.
Large Steel Plant Near Vancouver.
Three liundred acres of land on the south
side of the Fraser River, directly opposite
Annacis Island, have lust been se<'Hred by the
Canadian-incorporated subsidiary company to
the Western Steel Corporation as a site for a
steel plant. The erection of huge blast fur-
naces and the expenditure of close on $2,000.-
000 111 the construction of buildings and
wharves and the installation of modern ma-
cbluery Is contemplated. In order to provide
room for a large industrial city tributary to
the steel works, private capitalists connected
with the company have taken options on over
1,500 acres of adjoining property, and niui'h
of this is now being purchased outright. The
location of the site which possesses over 1,700
feet of waterfroiitage along the Fraser River
witli approaches both by i;ind and water, has
already been approved of by ,Tames A. Moore,
l>resideiit of the Western .Steel Corporation,
now operating a steel plant at Irondale, Wash.
Among tlie Vancouver men interested in the
pro)iositloii are R. P. Mcl-ennan. (!. M. GIbbs,
anil S. ({. Faulkner, all directors of the Cana-
dian sulisldlary company. Mr. McLennan con-
finned the report that tlie purchase of ,100
acres for a siet-i [ilaiit site iiad been approved
by Mr. Moore.
Williams tl Wilson, Montreal.
Williams & Wilson, Montreal, arc turned
Into a .joliii stock coiniiany to take over the
present iiiachliiery business of the firm. The
capital is .'i!2(K),(K)0, and the incorporators are
A. U. Wiliiains. Toronto: F. C. Wils'iii. W. A.
Wilson, M. B. Bronsbetter and E. Kingsland.
salesman, of M<mtrenl.
CATALOtUEM.
Calendar.- Mussens. Montreal, are sending
out a calendar, the figures occupying a space
of IB X 16 Inches. They can. tlierefore. In
seen from a long distance. Aliove the figures
on the sheet for each month, are illustrations
of machinery for which Mussens are selling]
agents, including machine tools, engines, air
compressors, railroad ami contractors* out
fits, etc.
Friction Clutches. — The Carlyle .Johnson
Machine Co.. Manchester. Conn.. Catalogue
"E," 1911, 35 pages, 4V4 inclics by 7 inches.
An issue of 25,000. The catalogue is enclosed
in a handsome cover of two-toned blue, with
a clutch cut and company monogram em-
bossed tliereon. and is filled with attractive
illnstrations showing tlie .Tohnson Clutcli.
factor.v views, etc. The inside pages liave an
attractive blue border to correspond with the
lilue cover, this liorder being made up of re-
duced cuts of .Tohnson Friction Clutches, with
the headings at the top, of the company name
and address, as always used in their trade
paper advertising. This catalogue is larger and
more complete than previous ones, and deals
almost exclusively with the driving of machin-
ery through friction clutches, special atten-
tion being paid to the driving of machinery
from line sh.iftlng. thus eliminating cross
belting, countershaftlng. etc. Tliere Is spe-
cial mention made of clutches for cutoff
coupling work for use in connection w-ltii
marine motors, as a one-way clutch for which
work this type of clutch is particularly
adapted. The lists are very complete, ex-
tending to clutch parts, which are numliered
to correspond to the numbers indicating the
parts on sectional views. Copies will be sent
free to interested parties.
Calendar. -The B. Greening Wire Co. have
Issued a calendar for Iftll containing a bird's-
eye view of the large plant in Hamilton. Ont.
Half-tones are also given of Nathaniel Green-
ing, who estalilisheil the plant in Warrington.
17n!l; Benlamlu Greening, who estalilisbed
the plant in Hamilton. ISiiS): S. O. Greening,
president. 1S77. and H. B. Greening, managing
director. It is of interest to note that there
are here represented four generations.
Machine Tools- Eleventh addition of iiook-
let. 2S pages, of lathes, nlaners. shaners .nnd
drills issued by the American Tool Works Co.,
Cincinnati.
Smooth-on Iron Paint.— 12 nage booklet
from the Smooth-on Mfg. Co.. .172 Communi-
paw Ave.. .Tersey City. N.,T.
Browning Dit<hers. — Descriptive catalogue.
0 X 12 inches. .12 pages from tlie Browning
Engineering Co.. Cleveland, descrilics their
ditchers, giving dimensions of the devices
and equipment such as imckets. booms, etc.
The various operations ^M-e illustrated as well
as their many uses sucb as wrecking cranes.
locMiniotive cranes, electro-magnets, etc.
Gear Testing Machine.— Circular S2] from
.Adams Co.. Dnbnniie. Iowa, describing the
Farwcil Gear Testing Machine.
Boiler Makers' Tools.— ,T. F.icssler Mfg. Co..
Moberly. Mo., have issued a neat catalogue
No. 27. of 12 pages on coated stock, contain-
ing illnstrations and descriptions of roller
flue expanders, sectional beading expanders,
flue cutters, patch bolt connterslnking tools,
etc.
Tapes and Rules.— The Lufkln Rule Co.,
Windsor, have Issued catalogue No. 8, con-
taining 90 pages, 6x9 Inches. It is printed
on coated paper, neatly bound and contains
descriptions with illustranons of all styles of
steel tapes, rules, squares, board sticks, etc.
All classes of mechanics rules are described.
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mtr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Perfected
QEAR CUTTINQ. TOOLS, DIES. ETC.
Ruchlng and Plesting Machinery.
BOURNET & BLANCHARD
Machinists and Tool Makers
ALL KINDS OF WORKS AND UrAIIS
MANUFACTURERS OF GASOLINE
MOTORS. DIES AND PUNCHES
Opposite the Post Office. LACHINE.'QUE.
ERNEST SCOTT
145 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker
Dies for sheet metal work. Stampings and
light manufacturing. Special machinery
designed and made to order.
The PABMENTER BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.
Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs,
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, WTre Nails
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
Esc'tlchein Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Plates.
OWEN SOUND IRON WOSKS, LIMITED
OW£M SOUND/ OUT.
Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel
Tank Work of all kinds, Crey
Iron and Brass Castings
Boilers
Horizontal Stationary Tubular
Locomotive Portable
Vertical
Marine ._.
Wm. Hamilton Co., Ltd.
. PETERBORO, ONT.
70
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Mechanical
Drawing
By Ervin Kenimont S. S.
Instructor in Mechanical Drawins. Mas-
sachusetts Institute of Technoloffy
176 pp.. 140 illus. Cloth bindinsT. Gives a
course of practical instruction in the art of
Mechanical Dra>ving'. based on methods
that have stood the test of years of experi-
ence. Includes orthographic, isometric
and oblique projections, shade lines, inter-
sections and developments. lettering', etc.,
wi*h abundant exercises and plates.
Price. Sf OO
MacLean Publishing Co.
Technical Book Department
143-149 University Ave.. Toronto
8TEELCRETE
EXPANDED METAL
REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and ROOFS.
The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.
WRITE FOR HAND BOOK AND SAMPLES
Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.
Expanded Metal & Fireproofing Co., Limited
100 King Striet West, TORONTO
THE
HOME
The John Morrow Screw
LIMITED
NGERSOLL
- ^ ONTARIO
I : ih
The Jane. Improved Stampins
PRESS GUARD
This Guard Is very simple, yet
absolutely positive in its action,
as the operator cannot trip the
press while his fingers are In
the danger zone. Also the press
cannot repeat unless the Guard
Is down in front of dies, and
then the operator cannot have
his fingers In at the same time.
The gate should be set so that
it Is down on base of die or
bed of press when the latch of
press releases. Then when the
operator releases the treadle the
gate will rise from 3 to 7 Inches,
according to requirements, leav-
ing the front open to take out
and put In work.
This Guard can be set bo fine
that anything 1-16 Inch thick
under the Guard gate will pre-
vent the press from operating.
Thus you can see It is utterly
Impossible for an operator to
have his fingers between the
dies and trip the machine at the
same time.
Is not In the operator's way
and does not Interfere with the
output of press; works on all
kinds of presses, back-geared,
large or small.
Note the rigid connection be-
tween Treadle, Guard and
Latch.
These Guards are already In-
stalled In a number of large
manufacturing plants and are
giving every satisfaction.
We also manufacture guards
for woodworking machines. _^
Write ufl for circular matter.
Tlie Jones Safety Device Company
22 King William St , HAMILTON, ONT.
Chicago, 111. Buffalo, NY. Brooklyn, NY
Don't
Stop at
Merely
Wishing
A natural wish of every
power plant proprietor
and engineer is for an
absolutely reliable belt.
And this wish can be
quickly realized by the
purchase of
"Climax"
Leather
Belting
This is the belt that
doesn't stretch or slip or
cling too tight ; the belt
that will stand hard ser-
vice with credit to the
maker and enduring sat-
isfaction to its user.
There is very little real
competition to CLIMAX
BELTING— it is so good
as to be in a class by it-
self — Canada's standard
line of high grade leather
belting.
When you buy CLI-
MAX you buy the utmost
value and reliability in
leather belting.
Sadler CBb
Haworth
ESTABLISHED 1878
Montreal, Sn William St.
Toronto. 27 Melinda St.
St. John, NB,. 89 Prince William St.
Winnipeg, 244 Princess St.
Vancouver. B.C. 217 Columbia Ave.
The advertiser would like to know where you sow his advertisement — tell him.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
71
Including folding pocket rules, machine di-
vided rules, etc.
Chains. — Circular No. 7, from Jones &
Glassco, Montreal agents for Reuold block
and roller chains.
Calendar. — For 1911, from American Tool
Works Co., Cincinnati. At the top of the
sheet, for each month is a half-tone of one of
the various types of machine tools manufac-
tured by this company.
Time Recorders. — Sample cards and sheets
from W. A. Wood, 40 St. George St., Mon-
treal, manufacturers of "Globe" time record-
ers.
Calendar. — The I.C.E. have Issued a 1911
calendar. The emblematic moose head which
is usually a feature of the l.C.B. literature
and calendars, appears prominently on the
calendar.
Cranes.— Catalogue 82 from Whiting Foun-
dry Equipment Co.. Harvey, 111., 40 pages.
The features of Whitney Standard Cranes are
sliown with a large number of typical In-
stallations. These include railroad shops,
machine shops generally, power plants, etc.
The names of some of the principal customers
are also given.
Cranes.— Catalogue No. 25 of .56 pages from
the Northern Engineering Worlis, Detroit,
Mich. Several types of cranes are described
and illustrated. Installations In machine
shops, foundries, yards, car shops, power
plants, etc., are given, showing many appli-
cations of the various types of cranes.
Book Review.
A Pocketbook of .Mechanical Engineering. —
By Charles M. Sames, B.Sc. Fourth edition.
Bound In flexible leather. Size, 4x6% In.;
pages. :;20; 42 illustrations. Pric-e, |2. Pub-
lished by the author. rA2 Brarahall Avenue,
Jersey City, N.J. This book contains a col-
lection of tables, data, formulas and ex-
amples, comprising the greater part of the
reference Information usually required by
mechanical engineers and students, condensed
into a volume, tin? dhnensions of which are
small enough to e conveniently carried In the
pocket. In preparing this last edition, new
matter has been incorporated to bring the
work thoroughly up-to-date. Among these
added subjects are new alloys and alloy steels,
critlriil speeil of shafts, new steam tables,
formulas dealing wllli saturated and super-
heated steam, steam turbines, electric drive
and the power required for machine tools and
cooling towers. Besides these subjects new
dat.i have been added iit a number of points
in tile text. The book Is a useful one to
draftsmen and medianicni men generally.
Shop Kinks. — By Uohert lirimshaw. Bound
in cloth. Size 6 x T'/i in. Pages 303; illus-
trations 224. Pabltsbed by the Norman W.
Henley Publishing Co., 132 Nassau Street,
New York. Price $2.50. This Is the fifth edi-
tion of a book that shows special ways of
doing work, as It Is done In a number of lead-
ing shops In America and Europe. The work
Is the outcome of a notebook started by the
author about 30 years ago and contains Items
written by the author and others for tech-
nical Journals and also material gathered from
visits to shops or based on data contributed
by leading machine tool builders and users.
As far as possible the effort has been made
to group items of the same nature together,
and the finding of them Is rendered easy by
an extensive alphabetical Index.
Freight Train Resistance: Its Relation to
Car Weight.— By Edward C. Schmidt, has
Just been Issued as Bulletin No. 43 of the
Engineering Experiment Station of the Uni-
versity of Illinois. This bulletin presents the
results of tests made upon freight trains to
determine their resistance. The results show
that the average weight of the cars com-
posing the trains exerts upon train resist-
ance an even greater Influence than Is ex-
erted by variations In train speed. Copies of
Bulletin No. 43 may be obtained gratis upon
application to W. F. M. Ooss, Director of
the Engineering Experiment Station, Univer-
sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
We manufacture all kinds of Pumping
Machinery, Condensers, Travelling
Cranes, etc.
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE.
L
The Smart-Turner Machine Co., Limited, Hamilton, Canada
ICRANESl
All sizes and types — electric or hand
NORTHERN ENGINEERING WORKS, Dttroit, Mich. U. 8. A.
or, Canadian Dept .ADVANCE MACHINE WORKS, Ltd., Walkerville. Ont.
These cranes have
every recent im-
provement in crane
piactice and many
exclusive features.
Bulletin Free.
Electric Hoists
Air Hoists
Overhead Trolley Tracks and
Trolley Systems
Bulletin Free
NORTHERN ENGINEERING WCRK8 Detroit. It'irh.. U. 8 A.
or, Canadian Dept., ADVANCE MACHINE WORKS, Ltd.. Walkervill*. Ont.
Short Cuts in Machine Shop Practice
Hundreds of parts such as axles, bushings, collars, ball and roller bearings, cutting punches, hollow drills,
piston rods and shafts, lathe spindles and sockets, which formerly had to be bored from solid steel, are
now made in up-to-date shops and factories by simply cutting Shelby Seamless Steel Tubes to length.
Shelby Seamless Steel Tubing is made in hundreds of sizes and gauges, in round, square, rectangular,
hexagonal, octagonal, oval or almost any other section. It can be bent, coiled, flanged, expanded, swaged or
plated, and it solves most of the hard mechanical problems at once.
We can make immediate shipments of .350 sizes from our stocks at Montreal and Toronto. Write for
stock list, prices and information to
JOHN MILLEN CBk SON, LIMITED
321 ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL
Sole Canadian Distributors of
Shelby Seamless Steel Tubing
72
CANADIAN MACHINERY
A DOUBLE-SERVICE LATHE
24-46 In. Extension Gap Lathe
PRACTICALLY TWO LATHES IN ONE
Because while It lias ample power and strength to turn the full swing of the gap and the full length of the extension, It
will handle ordinary work as economically ns a smaller tool. Hence, while giving to the shop the capacity to do jobs that
would be Impossible on ordinary lathes, the tool can be kept profitably employed all the time. In the compactness of its gen-
eral design, its range and capacity, as well as in Its strictly modern, up-to-date construction, It shows a marked improvement
over extension gap lathes as commonly built.
It has carbon steel head spindle, ground to size, bronze spindle bearings carefully scraped ano fitted, cut-away tailstock,
with provision for setting oft centerfor taper work, carriage extended for turning full swing of lathe, apron of double plate
tvpe tongued and grooved into the carriage, with gears and studs of ample proportions. Everv detail has been studied out
with the utmost care, the tool representing as a whole the latest and best in design, material and workmanship.
liET TJS snow YOU HOW IT WIL,1,IXCBEASK THE MONEY E.4KNINO POWEK OF YOUR PL.4NT.
mmv o An ATT manufa'cturbrs
FAY & SCOTT, DEXTER, maine
.standard Enj[lne, Chucking, Turret, Double Head Facing and
rattern Makers' Irathes. Lathe Turrets for Engine Liathes of
any make.
How many mill
owners have warded off
the thought of buying a
Locomotive Crane for handling
of their logs and dimension timbers,
thinking the equipment a LUXURY?
Later you would be surprised at the
great number of these same mill owners
who. after seeing their smaller com-
petitor install a "BROWiNING,"
have investigated and found the
outfit a NECESSITY and a
ir.cney-saver instead.
_^The Browning Engineering Co.
^^^^^^ CLEVELAND, OHIO ^^ ^Jj^^
OmiS
MILLERS
No. 3K Hand and Power Feed Miller.
We build Hand and also Hand and Power Feed Machines
SEND TO-DAY FOR COMPLETE CATALOG
^MACHINE COMP'Y
23 Front St., Grand Rapids, Mich.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement— tell htm
%y
Making a Double Barreled
Shot Gun
By B. A. C.
.''ig. 1 — KiiilslUMt tiiin, Showing Met'liaiiisni.
The Shotgun ii Such a Common Article Tliat Few Stop to Consider How it is Mduufac-
tured. Gun-making has Become Such an Important Branch of Machine Shop Practice
That There are in Use Marty Special Machines to Facilitate Production, Not to Mention
the Hundreds of Jigs for the More Expeditious and Rapid Handling of the Parts. The
Only Shot-gun Factory in Canada, the Tobin Arms Mfg. Co., Woodstock, Ont., is a
Thoroughly Up-to-date Example of What is Being Done in This Special Line of Activity,
the Principals and Operators in the Factory Having Spent Years Developing Their
Knowledge of This Special Line. ' ■ ■
'pHE writer, vvlien passing through
the phint of the Tobin Arms Mfg.
Co., Woodstock, was impressed with the
multiplicity of operations necessary to
produce even the seemingly most insig-
nificant parts of a shot gun. To the
casual observer, there is not much to a
gun, but, if examined closely, it will be
observed that quite a large number of
parts enter into their make-up, neces-
sitated largely by the more or less auto-
matic action of the firearm, and also
from the compact construction essential
to a good gun.
This latter feature makes machining
of the parts a considerable job, for from
this compactness, every available space
must be utilized, making many of the
parts of unusual mechanical construc-
tion. Numerous distinct operations are
required in most cases.
The frame of the gun shown at A, Fig.
3, affords a good example, for this part
in itself requires 57 separate and dis-
tinct operations. Of course, this is the
main part of the gun, and on it both
figuratively and literally, the rest of the
gun hinges. As with most of the other
irregular parts, the frame is drop forged
steel, and in the finishing, like nearly
all the parts, the miller plays a very
prominent part, being the principal ma-
chine employed.
A review of a few of the principal op-
erations on the frame would be of in-
terest in showing how a job like this
would be produced. The first three op-
erations are on the power miller, finish-
ing up the two sides and back thereby
squaring the piece for further opera-
tions. The next two operations are on
what is called the "water table" at B
and C. The two operations are neces-
sary—too much for one cut. The first
removes the flat face B, and the second,
the perpendicular face C. Following
this is a drilling and reaming operation
on the joint pin hole D. The tang E
receives the next attention being finish-
ed in the power miller under, above,
and on the two sides in four successive
operations. Next comes another power
miller operation on the round joint end,
which must of necessity be very accur-
ate, of a true circular form. This is
done by a formed miller, producing the
work very rapidly. In order comes the
lug cut F on the miller, which is the
cut in the frame to hold the lug of the
barrel. In succession follow the dril-
ling, reaming, and slotting of the trip
hole, finishing the recess G on each side
in several operations by the hand mil-
was the expeditious manner m ?fbich
they could be produced naturally. To
make this possible, jigs, formed lools
and milling cutters without number, are
employed, many of them very intricate
in form, but designed with the idea ol
simplicity of operation in view.
The fore end iron shown at H, Fig. 3,
is another piece with a number of oper-
ations, 23 in all, of which the principal
are the top face cut, two side cuts,
wood cut, joint cut, all done on the
the miller, and the drilling and broach-
ing operations. The trigger plate,
shown at A, Fig. 2, also has a number
Kig.
-Ci.|iapuiieiit i*arts ot .1 Miorpiiii ni \ .inoiis .>ia>;cs ..i .\iainii;i'-ture.
ler, and the profiling of the lock cut, in
the interior of the frame by the profiler.
Between these various operations men-
tioned are many minor ones, principally
drilling, slotting and broaching.
In all these varied operations, the
point that stood out most prominently.
of different operations, the principal
ones being on the hand miller. There
are 19 in all. The upper cut shows the
plate in its drop forged state, and the
lower one, finished. B shows the frame
and mechanism assembled, and C, the
fore end iron in different .stages of com-
64
CANADIAN MACHINERY
pletion. The side view is given in Fig.
3. D shows the right and left trigger,
in the diflerent states of finish ; E is the
same for the lock plate, and F, the
the trigger guard. For the latter it
will be noticed that it is drop-forged in
the flat state and then bent to shape.
G shows the various stages of comple-
tion of the cartridge ejector ; H, the
right and left rear ; I, the finished and
unfinished top lever, (note the way it
is drop-forged) ; J, the bolt ; K, the
cam lock and cocking cam in their var-
ious stages, and also assembled ; L,
the hammer ; and M, the main spring,
(note how it is produced).
Fig. 4 shows how the two barrels are
united. Instead of being a solid, one
piece forging, each barrel is finished to
a certain point separately, and the two
dovetailed together as shown, and braz-
Ki^'.
-Fr:iine :iim1 iitlior Tiiils of tlie (Juu.
ed. This makes a very solid union, as
the separting strain is not very great.
After thus uniting, the final finish is
given to the mterior of the barrel in a
special machine, where the finishing
reamer shown in Fig. 5 is employed. It
removes from .010 to .012 ins. in all,
and must of necessity operate very
slowl.v to prevent chatter, as the cutt-
ing edge presented is the whole interior
length of the barrel. As shown the
reamer consists of a square steel bar,
three comers of which are dulled, and
yig- 4 — Crosn-seotion of Barrel.
the fourth with a sharp edge, like a
scraper. A shim of wood along one side
(the proper side is indicated) makes the
reamer fit the barrel snugly. Each op-
eration removes but a very slight sur-
face, and to change the size to remove
more each time, very thin strips of
tissue paper are introduced between the
wood shim and cutting bar, increasing
the size slightly. The cuts must be
very small to obviate the befoce i eu-
tioned danger of chattering, as, once a
chatter-groove is made, it is practically
impossible to remove.
Various other special machines and
tools are employed reflecting credit on
F. M. Tobin, vice-president of the jom-
c«>T-TiN<, eq({
Fig. 5 — Finishing Reamer.
pany, and A. A. Lottery, superinxn-
dant, who installed the plant. It is due
to these two men and part'cuUii ly to
the former, that there is at present a
modern and eflScient shot gun factory in
Canada.
WIRE GAUGES SHOULD BE STAN-
DARIZED.
A correspondent in "Scientific Am-
ei-icaii" has called attention to the fact
that there are some six or eight differ-
on t gauges in use by the wire and sheet
mills of tlie United States. There is
often a difference of two sizes in the
gauges, and a mistake in using the
wrong gauge often results in a great
deal of expense to one party or the
other. If merely the size and not the
gauge is given with an order, the mill
must write back to ascertain the gauge,
and much valuable time is lost. The
writer suggests that either the manufac-
turers themselves should get together
and decide on some one gauge, or the
Government should take action in the
matter.
NEW MACHINERY HALL.
An architect's drawing of the new
machinery building for the Ottawa Ex-
hibition Grounds, has been prepared.
The building was designed by Mr. W. E.
Noflfko, architect. It will stand near
where the old machinery hall is located,
occupying the present roadway in front
of that building. The lagoon in tlie ex-
hibition grounds is to be filled up and
only two .small ponds with fountains in
them will be left in front of the new
building. The building will be 280 feet
long and 140 feet wide. It is Japanese
in architecture. The structure will have
a steel frame and the outside will be of
bi-ick, built with Flemish bond. Th".
trimmings and columns will be of con-
crete and the roof of red tile.
At the main entrance to the building
will be Japanese towers, which will be
illuminated with electric lights, forming
two towers of light on either side of the
doorway. There are also two Japanese
towers on the roof also to be illuminat-
ed.
The columns in front and the gables
will be treated in the best examples of
early Japanese architecture. The floor
will be of concrete and the inside walls
treated in brick.
The canal runs at the rear of the
building, which will be placed forward
of the old bulding in order that the pro-
posed route of the driveway may not be
interrupted along the canal at this point.
BOLTS
SECTIONAL AREA UNI-
FOMITY.
By A. E. B.
Bolts that are subject to repeated
shock and stress, those belonging to an
engine connecting rod for example, give
much more satisfactory service if the
body is reduced in diameter to give an
area corresponding to that of the bot-
tom of the thread, or it a hole is drill-
ed out to attain the same end.
With each shock there occurs a slight
temporary elongation concentrated for
the most part at the smallest diameter
or area, i.e., the bottom of the thread
between the nut and bolt body. Fig. 1.
The continuance of this condition
leads to a crystallizing process being
set up in the material, and ultimate
fracture of the bolt, after it may be a
Fig. 1.
Fig.
c
Fig. 3.
brief service, irrespective of safe work-
ing calculation of sectional area.
By reducing the area of the bolt body
until it is equal to the area under the
thread, the temporary elongation or
stretching is distributed over a greater
length and naturally the strain is less
per particle of metal than otherwise.
Fig. 2 illustrates the bolt with the
body diameter reduced, and Fig. 3 the
bolt with the hole drilled into it. Both
of these methods are in common use and
each gives highly satisfactory results.
Preference is sometimes given to the
method indicated by Fig. 3, for the
reason that as it does not decrease the
outer diameter, the twisting or tor-
sional strength of the bolt is not im-
paired.
It is the practice in many cases to
have this reduction of bolt area par-
ticularly referred to in specifications,
and its more frequent adoption in gen-
eral practice would be conducive to im-
munity from breakdown.
The McClary Manufacturing Co.'s ''Welfare" Department
By Blackrock
.1 Grotuing Tendencij is Being Manifested Among Large Employers of Labor in the Direc-
tion of Improved. Social Conditions for The'r Employees. The Movement is One Which
Naturally Meets With the Approval and Hearty Co-operation of the Latter, and While
Only Just in its Infancy and Experimental Stage, Gives Promise of Far-reaching Results
in Producing Amicable Relations Between Capital and Labor.
*p HE McClary "welfare" department
■*■ was organized about a year ago on
the initiative of the company, which
step ranks them among the pioneers in
the opening up of this field of factory
social extension and development. "Wel-
fare" as applied to employes is inter-
preted to mean "anything done by an
employer for the benefit of his employes,
which he is not compelled by law or ex-
pected by custom to do."
Features of the Work.
At the foundry plant in the east end
of the city (London, Ont.) is to be
found a perfectly equipped emergency
hospital, and at their wares plant in the
centre of the city is to be found a simi-
larly equipped institution.
A graduate nurse is employed by the
department and devotes her whole time
to the cause. She gives advice as to
the sanitary conditions existing through-
out the plants, gives first aid assis-
tance in case of accidents, dresses the
wounds of such persons until completely
recovered, and visits employes at their
homes in sickness.
During the year just closed the nurse
(Mrs. Reynolds), attended 26 accidents,
made 619 dressings, and paid 240 sick-
ness visits. In addition to the nurse,
attendance and service, a doctor visits
the factories daily at the noon hour.
Lunch Room, Library, etc.
At each plant there is a cafe under the
care of an experienced chef. Here whole-
some food is supplied at cost to all
who care to avail themselves of it. A
daily average of 360 lunches are served,
and separate lunch and rest rooms are
provided for girls.
In winter, games, entertainments and
lectures are provided at the noon hour,
while in summer outdoor recreation in
McCLARY S
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
fl This L'st must be placed in the box
in each department by ten o'clock
each morninR, in order that the per-
son in charge will have ample time
for preparation.
fl Mark what you want, total the
amount, sifrn your name and date.
Bit, I. OF FARE
FRUIT IN SEASON
SOUP
SANDWICHES
EGG SANDWICHES
PORK AND BEANS -
BANANAS -
TEA
COFFEE
MILK
HOT OXO
BREAD AND BUTTER
PIE
HOT WATER
TOTAL
Ddle 1911
N .mi
the form of tennis and baseball are the
features.
Each plant is equipped with a library,
supplemented by loans of books from the
public library of the city. A fee of one
cent per week is charged for the loan of
a book, which fee is put into a new
book purchase fund,
Fig. 1 is a view of the emergency hos-
pital; Fig. 2 that of the library, each
being intensely realistic of its particular
purpose. The library boasts 633 volum-
es on its bookshelf.
Report of the Work.
The annual general meeting of the wel-
fare department was held on Monday
evening, 6th February, at which gratify-
ing reports of the previous year's work
were presented, and office bearers for
the ensuing year appointed. ,
Col. W. M. Gartshore, vice-president
of the company, and J. K. H. Pope,
secretary, are chairman and vice-chair-
man of the welfare execuf>ive respective-
ly, the other members being drawn from
the various departments.
A striking phase of the work is the
enthusiasm displayed by Col. Gartshore
and pride taken by him in what has
been already achieved, as evidenced in
his availing himself of the daily lunch
when opportunity oflers.
A Progressive Ideal.
Effort of this nature is progressive if
successful, in that one feature leads to
another; this being so, additional ground
is sure to be broken during this second
year of institution. Too much has not
been attempted to begin with, just suffi-
cient as it were to prove it to have
been worth while.
Work such as we have described is not
in any sense charitable, its essence is
not the giving of something for noth-
ing ; it is rather an educative, elevating
and humanitarian purpose, having in
view the cultivation of a" spirit of help-
Fig. 1— Kniergeiit-y lluspital, McClary Mfg. Co.. Lonclou.
Fig. 2— Lihraiy, .McClary .Mfg. Co.. Lonrtoii.
66
CANADIAN MACHINERY
lul, thrifty and honest man and woman-
hood.
We look for the example of the Mc-
Clary "welfare" department being imi-
tat«d in other manufacturing centres of
the Dominion, and it is not too much to
expect that as the scheme develops, there
may at least be provincial executive
boards who will meet to discuss and
further this co-operative movement of
capital and labor.
The McClary Booster Club.
The McClary booster club is really an
offspring of the welfare scheme, and
exists to provide healthful amusement
and entertainment on stated occasions
to the employes and public. The meet-
ings are held in the company's large
dining hall, and consist of smoking con-
certs, illustrated lectures, dance and
euchre parties.
George Moll, chief engineer of the
wares plant, is president, and as in the
case of Col. Gartshore and the "wel-
fare" scheme, not a little of the boost-
er club's success is due to him. The ad-
mission to the meetings is restricted to
10 cents, an amount entirely dispropor-
tionate to the quality of entertainment
usually given.
"The Free Press," London daily, has
donated a trophy to be awarded the so-
ciety which has done or is doing most
for the city's welfare. The booster club
is entered, and high hopes are entertain-
ed that "McClary's" will be the judges'
selection.
This article has featured at some
length an excellent work that is being
done by the co-operation of employer
and employe, and we hope to continue
the series by describing from time to
time other concerns engaged in a like
worthy compact.
DIE CASTING.
/^NE of the most successful of the
^"^ modern methods of mant'.ta'j'^ure and
one which has created considerali'e in-
terest of late, :s that coram juiv ki'uv.n
as diecasting. The Frankli.i process was
originated about eighteen years ago by
the H. H. Franklin Mfg. Co., Syracuse,
N.Y. In the Franklin process steel d'es
are used in the place of sand moulds and
into these dies the molten metal is
forced under pressure, by means of es-
pecially designed machines. This re-
sults in smoothly finished castings ac-
curate to the thousandths of an inch and
with holes, slots, lugs, large threads
and engraving accurately located. In
fact the accuracy obtained by this me-
thod of manufacture is in many cases
greater than can be secured by machin-
ing. Tin, zinc and lead based alloys
are most commonly used, the normal
strength being about that of cast iron,
but the castings may be further streng-
thened by the inserting of brass or steel
stampings, pins, etc., in the process of
casting, wherever special toughness is re-
quired. In general, die castings range
from 1-16 of an ounce to 4 lbs. in
weight.
The extent to which the process has
gained favor can be seen by the fact
that 64,000 Franklin die castings were
used in the construction of the 1910
census tabulating machines, used by the
U.S. Government. The automobile in-
dustry has also found die castings of
great advantage; engine bearings, oil
and water pump, timer and magneto
parts are produced chiefly by this pro-
cess. Small gears, type wheels, tele-
phone, electric and vending machine
parts lend themselves readily to die
casting. Many parts which if produced
by the usual machine methods would
the United States where the quantity of
duplicate parts used is much greater,
but many of the Canadian manufacturers
are beginning, to realize the benefit re-
sulting from their use in even moderate
quantities.
SHEELITE.
Sheelite, one of the minerals con-
taining tungsten, has been discovered in
Halifax County, Nova Scotia. It is of
no known nse in itself, excepting as an
ore from which tungsten may be extract-
ed. The mineral is chemically a tung-
state of calcium. As an ingredient in
the chemical side of steel making, it is
quite important. At present the world's
annual output, coming mostly from
Sweden, is placed at 4,000 tons. If pres-
ent indications are correct, the recent
I'attH C.nst by the Franklin Trocess and used by the U. S. Government in the Construc-
tion of the 1910 Census Tabulating Machines.
have to be made up in sections and as-
sembled may be die cast as a unit. In
such cases the saving is especially no-
ticeable.
The steel dies used in the construction
of die casting must of necessity be very
accurate in order to secure the desired
results, and none but the most skillful
workmen can be employed in their manu-
facture. As a result of the die cost, die
castings are at present better known in
discovery in Nova Scotia- will not only
yield sufficient for the steel plant in the
province, but will have an effect on the
markets of the world. The ore is report-
ed to yield 60 per cent, of tungsten acid
to the ton of sheelite. At present 25
men are at work on the preliminary ex-
periments. Hiram Donkin. deputy com-
missioner of mines, Halifax. Nova
Scotia, will, give interested parties all
reasonable information.
Pneumatic Appliances at theG.T.R. Car Shops, London, Ont.
By Halyard
The Opportunity for the Introduction and Development of Methods and Devices Toward
Quicker, Less Laborious and More Economical Output, Exists to a Lesser or Greater Ex-
tent in Every Manufacturing and Repair Plant. We are Not Assuming Too Much in
Stating that Possibly Those Plants Devoted Entirely to Repairs and Renewals Give Wider
and More Effective Scope to Inventive Genius Than do Others of New Production Only,
That "Stern Necessity, the }Iother of Invention," Demands the Exercise of the High-
in
est Ingenuity and is Unsatisfied With Less.
'TpHE sketches and description of the
appliances which form the subject of
this brief article were gathered in the
course of a few hours' sojourn in the
G. T. R. car siiops, London, Ont., and
while perhaps in no sense displaying
hitherto unknown features, and being
peculiarly adaptable to the special char-
acter and necessities of the work there,
the great bulk of our readers will we
are sure be interested, and modified ar-
rangements of some or all of the appli-
ances described, will possibly find adap-
tation by them in new fields.
It is to be borne in mind that these
various appliances are in no sense stand-
ard, nor is it intended they be adhered
to strictly in arrangement of detail by
those interested to the extent of adopt-
ing them. The aim is rather to show
in a general way a few of the uses made,
as ideas developed in a particular shop
piped with compressed air for other and
what might be termed more important
and primary purposes. That being so,
modifications, improvements and entire
change of design will in all probability
suggest themselves to many, and new
appliances arise from the cue given.
As hinted in the preamble, repair and
renewal shops are prolific of inventive
senius. Break-downs and smash-ups
necessitate most always rush putting-to-
Many- methods and devices employed
on such occasions are carelessly and
thoughtlessly lost track of daily, and
the profession is the poorer for it. An
in>iuificient realization of their intrinsic
worth by those giving them conception
Fig. 1— Draught Timber Placer Jack.
and an all-absorbing desire on the part
of the administration to get things going
again, combine to bring about the want
of record referred to.
We would like to digress a moment
liere and say that methods used by a
mechanic to produce a piece of work of
super quality, most economically,
when made a regular practice of, are
devices worthy of a place in the columns
of this journal, and while lightly thought
plied in practice. This is a point worthy
the serious consideration of all engaged
in the mechanical arts. Further, pub-
licity given your methods and devices
while admittedly helping the other fel-
low along, ultimately helps you, as he
too has something to give.
The result of this distribution of ideas
spells progress, progress leads to per-
fection, comfort and comparative afflu-
ence of the vast majority, and your duty
lie's that way.
Portable Draught Timber Placer Jack.
Fig. 1 represents the portable draught
timber placer jack, and as its qualifica-
tion implies, is used for running in un-
derneath the cars, pushing the draft
timber into place and holding it there
until it is bolted up. The air cylinder
is 5 inches diameter, the trolley wheels
8 inch diameter, 15 inch centres and the
extreme width of truck 20 inches. The
cylinder may be either a casting with
upper head bolted or screwed on, or
a piece of heavy wrought iron pipe bored
out, with both heads screwed on. The
lower head is bolted to a steel plate
base which in turn is attached to the
trolley wheel axles. On top of the pis-
ton rod a steel plate, 8 inches by 18
inches, is attached for the purpose of
carrying the draught timber.
Fig, 2— Car-lifUng Jack.
Fig. 3 — Door Section Lifting Apparatus.
rights again, to attain which requires
keen discernment of tlie right and best
thing to do and the most helpful and
often improvised equipment to do it.
of and considered unimportant by the
user, from a publicity standpoint, show
themselves otherwise in the persistency
with which they are adhered to and ap-
Car Lifting Jack.
Fig. 2 is representative of the car-
lifting jack, and is necessarily hea\'ier
and more powerful than the other. The
68
CANADIAN MACHINERY
cylinder diameter is 10 inches, and its
pui-pose the bearing of a part in lift-
ing empty freight cai-s off the trucks.
Its base rests on the ground when in ac-
tion, and for convenience in moving it
around one pair of wheels and a heavy
shaft complete the transportation facil-
ities.
Door Section Lifting Apparatus.
Fig. 3 is an iiiraiisri>nient peculiarly
Air Brake Hose Clasping Device.
adaptable to railroad and street car
shops. The door section lifting appar-
atus permits of tlic complete wheels and
axles, trucks for that matter of it, be-
ing let out or taken into the shop with-
The cylinder diameter in this case is
made large enough together with the
pressure to carry up the door section
required, and the piston stroke long
enough to suit the height of lift.
The operating lever to the right of the
sketch enables the attendant to mani-
pulate the aparatus with the greatest of
case. The lever actuates a 3-way cock
allowing air admission to lift the piston,
air shut-off to hold it and the door in
position, as long as necessary, and air
lelease to allow the door to close again.
The cylinder details in this, as in the
others described, may be all castings
or part wrought iron pipe and part east-
ings.
Air Brake Hose-Nipple and Coupler
Inserter.
Fig. 4, the air brake hose nipple and
coupler inserter, consists of a vertical
acting air cylinder which clamps the
standard length of hose, and the horizon-
tal air cylinder with the nipple on its
piston rod, which pushes the nipple into
place, thereafter sliding the vertical cyl-
inder and clamp endways toward the
die block in which is laid the coupler.
The horizontal movement pushes the
hose onto the coupler.
The cylinders are in each case about
G inches diameter, the vertical cylinder
and standard being attached to the low-
er half clamp which in turn slides on
four slot hole guide studs inserted in
plate attached to an ordinary vice bench.
Air admission and release is applicable
to both ends of each cylinder.
Air Brake Hose Clasp.
Fig. 5 represents the air brake hose
clasp attached to the end of the bench
each half of the lower end of the
squeezers is attached to permit of oscil-
lation. From these centres light spiral
springs are carried to and on opposite
sides of their respective squeezer arms.
These springs admit of the jaw grip be-
ing released when the air is released,
and prevent a clasped downward pull
when the piston descends.
The sketch otherwise is self explanat-
ory and need not be dwelt upon. The
advantage of the apparatus is that the
clasp or band flanges are closed up, ad-
mitting of the bolt being inserted and
the nut tightened up by hand. A span-
ner to tighten the nut is unnecessary,
because although only applied by hand,
the slight reactionary spring due to the
withdrawal of the jaw grip locks the
nut tight.
The saving of labor in the equipment
of air brake hose by the sketch arrange-
ments. Fig. 4 and 5, is 100 per cent,
gain in economical production, and we
should say were it possible to compute,
an equivalent gain and comfort of oper-
ator.
Employes' Welfare.
In a near future issue of Canadian
Machinery we hope to describe the ar-
rangements made for the welfare of the
employes in the G. T. R. car shops, Lon-
don, Ont., believing also that these
will be found of much interest to all
onr readers.
Much of the development and adapta-
tion of suitable labor saving equipment
as also the initiation and
successful outcome of the em-
ployes' industrial and social wel-
fare scheme is due to efforts of Mr.
V(|o° °l)^
8
8
8
fig- i — Air Brake Hose-nlpple and Coupler Inserting Apparatus.
out the necessity of o(>ening the whole
large door in cold and stormy weather,
a proceeding which is more or less
clumsy and slow.
and adjacent to the nipple and coupl-
ing inserter. It consists of the air cyl-
inder, piston and piston rod, the latter
with a cap to opposite sides of which
Thos. A. Treleaven, master car build-
ei', to whom we are indebted for the
opportunity of acquiring the foregoing
infonnation.
Twist Drill and Other Internal Cutting Tool Practice
Modern Shop Practice has Developed Various Types of Twist Drills, Reamers, Counter-
bores, etc.. Greatly Increasing the Capacity of the Machines Using These Small Tools.
The Breakage of Tangs Formerly Caused a (heat Losx, But This has Now Been Elimin-
ated by Modern Methods.
/^NE of tlie most common small tools
^^ in the machine shop is the twist
drill, and it is probably the most abus-
ed. When a young fellow begins work
in a machine shop, eitlier as an appren-
tice or as a machine hand, the first work
is usually drilling. He is led over to
the drill, given a jig and a drill and
told to "drill these."
Fig. 1— Hollow Drill.
What the young chap does not know
about drilling and shop methods would
fill volumes. In the ordinary Canadian
shop there is no central tool room, and
the young chap is strictly "up against
it." It is at this stage that the young
fellow learns many things about drill-
ing that he must "unlearn" later.
When the writer entered the machine
shop he was given the job of milling tie
pins for three months. For this he
received fifty cents per day. Al)out
that time there was a call for volun-
teers for the Halifax garrison and it
made a number of vacancies in our own
shop. The writer was given the task of
drilling malleable guards at seven cents
per hundred, and malleable rings at
twenty and twenty-five cents, and it
was understpod that he could make $1
to $1.25 per day. At the same time an-
other apprentice was given the job of
drilling pins. He had an old drill situ-
ated near mine with a big lever and a
sliding table instead of the spindle and
sleeve type, but made a dollar a day
drilling pins at from five to ten cents
per hundred.
We were located away from the rest
of the shop and with the exception of
rough emerys for gi-inding the burrs
off the gray iron and malleable castings,
there were no tool grinders witliiu three
or four hundred feet. It meant a big
Flff. 2— An OU Drill in Use.
loss to us to go down there every time
we wanted to sharpen a 9-64, a 3-16
or a 7-32 inch drill as the case might be.
We solved the difficulty by filing off
the side of an emerv wheel close to the
centre and succeeded in making a good
job out of one that had formerly been
looked upon as one of the worst in the
sliop.
Fig. .I— Shell Drill.
Since that time the writer has been in-
terested in the progress of drilling.
Some data which would have been valu-
able in the old shop days, has been col-
lected and some extracts from the pages
of the diary are here given.
Some Types of Drills.
The twist drill of standard form i*
made with two lips and two grooves,
which either make a constant angle with
the axis or one which increases gradu-
ally from the point upwards. The in-
creased twist is given in order to coun-
teract the thickening of the web from
point to shank, imparted to resist the
Table of Dkill Feeds
FIG, s
FIG. 6
=:
Indies of FeeJ per Minute at Cutting Speed of
a
30 Feel-Steel
35 Feet-Iron
60 Feet-Brass
E
s
Rev. per
Minute
Feed .004- «>7
Rev. per
Minute
.004-.007
Rev. per
Minute
.004-.007
per Revolution
T^i
1834
7-33
12.83
2140
8.56
14^97
3668
14.66
25-76
i
917
3.66
6.41
1070
4.28
749
1834
7^33
12.83
A
611
2.44
4-27
713
2.85
499
1222
4.88
8.s8
i
458
367
1.83
3.20
535
2.14
3^74
917
3.66
6.44
Feed .007
•015
.007
•015
.007
.015
T^
2-57
5-5
428
3
6.42
733
.SI 4
II
i
306
2.14
4.6
357
2..S
S35
611
4.28
9.2
^
262
1.83
3-9
306
2.14
4. .58
524
3.66
7.8
229
i.(5o
3^'r3
268
1.87
4-
459
3.20
6.86
184
1.28
2.75
214
1.50
3^21
367
2.57
S-S
'53
1.07
2-3
178
I2S
2.67
306
2.14
4.6
131
.91
1-95
153
1.07
2.29
263
1.88
3-93
"S
.80
1.71
134
•93
3
229
1.60
343
102
■71
"■.S3
119
•83
1.79
204
1-43
3.06
91.8
.64
137
107
•75
1.61
183
1.28
2.75
83.3
•S8
125
97.2
.68
145
167
1. 17
2-5 1
1
76-3
•53
i^i5
89.2
.62
1.38
153
t.07
23
70-5
•49
I -05
82.2
•.57
123
141
•99
2.1 1
65..S
•45
•97
76.4
•S3
••IS
131
•94
1.96
61.1
.42
.92
7'3
•.SO
1.07
133
.85
1.81
57-3
.40
•85
66.9
.46
I.
"S
.8c
173
SI
.36
■7'
594
•41
•89
102
•71
••53
4.S.8
•32
.68
53^5
■37
.80
91.7
.64
1 .37
41-7
.29
.62
48.6
•34
•73
83^4
•.S8
1. 31
3
38.2
■27
•57
44.6
•3'
.67
76.4
•"
1.15
Vig. Ill Tiilile of Prill Feeds.
ro
CANADIAN MACHINERY
tortiona] stress to which the drill is sub-
jected.
A centre drill is a short twist drill
used for centring shafts before facing
and turning. Sometimes a combined
drill with a 60 degree taper is used to
drill the shaft and countersink it at
the same time, thus avoiding two opera-
tions.
Hollow Drills.
Fig. 1 shows a hollow drill used for
drilling long holes such as lathe and
yig. 11— Driving Broken Tang Drill.
drill spindles. The shank can be thread-
ed and fitted to a metal tube of a length
to suit the work.
Fig. 2 is another type used when the
work re%'olves and tlie drill remains sta-
tionary. The oil cup is connected to the
oil pump, forcing out the chips and
keeping the point cool by a steady
stream.
A shell driU is shown in Fig. 3. It
is used for reaming out holes after a
standard drill or cored holes. The ar-
bor is the same for several sizes, so that
the co^t of shell drills is comparatively
small.
A similar method is used so as to ob-
tain the benefits of high speed steel
at low cost. Drill tips are made with
a small shank of about % inch which is
0
c:
h
Fig. 12 — PreveDtlng Taug Breakage.
threaded. This size is adopted as stan<l-
ard for the shop and any size drill fits
one shank which i.s tapped to suit. The
same practice is followed for reamers.
Sharpening Drills.
With a drill the hole may be cut
"drive" fit or mucli larger than the
drill. A user of drills should therefore
be familiar with tlie manner of grind-
ing a drill to cut the right size with as
little power as possible. To cut right
the right size the lips must be e.^cactly
the same length and the same angle.
Fig. 4 is a gauge which gives the lip
edge angle of 59 degrees and at the
same time assists in getting tlie true
centre.
Fig. .5 is a gauge which shows how to
get both lips alike, but does not give
the angle.
In Fig. 6 tiie drill has been relieved
back of the cutting edge, making it
similar to a flat drill. As the drill
wears down, it is often necessary to thin
the point as shown in Fig. 8. This re-
sults in doing quicker and better work.
The angle of the point forms an angle
of 135 degrees with the cutting edge as
shown in Fig. 9. The best clearance for
drills is from 12 to 15 degrees depending
on the hardness of the metals, the great-
er clearance being used on the softer
metals.
DriU Speeds.
In addition to a knowledge of grind-
ing, the user should learn to run drills
at proper speed. He will then require
io grind seldom and will have few break-
ages. For steel use a speed of 30 ft.
per min. ; for cast iron, 35 ft. and for
brass, 60 ft. per min. For drilling steel
witli a 1-16 inch drill, this means 1834
r.p.m., while for brass it would mean
3668 r.p.m.
The table. Fig. 10, taken from the
American Machinists' Handbook, gives
the speeds for all drills up to 3 ins.
These speeds require plenty of lubri-
cant and are for carbon steel drills.
High speed steel drills will stand about
double these speeds.
Drill Shanks.
One of the great wastes in drilling
practice is in the breaking of the drill
tangs. This breakage is caused usually
by a lack of grinding and drill speed
knowledge. Manufacturers of drills
have placed on the market drills with
straiglit shanks, double grooved shanks,
sockets using pins, double tang sockets,
etc. All these have been of value. By
means of sucli schemes as the double
tang sockets, drills have been reclaimed
iVom the scrap lieap.
Fig. 11 shows a method of driving a
(hill with a broken tang. The writer
lias drilled holes through socket and
iliill shank and inserted a pin. Fig.
12 shows a scheme for overcoming the
breakage of tangs altogether.
All High Speed Steel Drills.
Fig. 13 shows a vanadium high power
tmsted drill. The steel used contains a
very high percentage of tungsten with
or pin, which fits into the spiral grooves
of the twisted shank and engages in
direct contact with the drill. This pin
relieve the tang from pressure of driv-
ing.
Fig. 13— High-speed Twisted Drill and Socket
Fig. 14 shows a high speed steel drill
made from flat bar stock. Pieces are
riveted to the flat shank to give it the
conical taper of the usual cut twist
drill.
INSTRUCTION IN SHOPS.
Dr. Galbraith, dean of the School of
Practical Science, Toronto, writing in
his report refers to instruction in shops.
He says that in addition to advancing
means of transportation the University
may soon be called upon to increase its
facilities for coming into closer touch
with trades and manufacturers. Indus-
trial education is now a live topic.
There seems to be no great reason why
scientific and trade schools should not
be established in their own works by
the proprietors. A sufficient number of
qualified teachers may be found among
the officers and foremen to make a be-
ginning. By proper co-operation between
employers and their operatives such
schools should be a success and justify
their cost.
The University should provide for the
education of the heads of the scientific
departments in such works, and incident-
ally it may be of service in advising and
encouraging the teachers in the works
school. This method of initiating in-
dustrial schools would reduce to a
minimum the danger of establishing them
where they may not be needed. It will
soon be necessary, he states, to help the
shipbuilding industries by instituting a
course in naval architecture.
In cold weather, steam generated in
electric boilers will be used to maintain
the temperature in the cars, and keep
the various connections from freezing,
when the trains of the Pennsylvania
railway, entering New York station
through the electrified tunnel zone, are
Fig.
"Flat" Twisted Drill Is Made Rea dy for Taper Socket.
tlie adition of vanadium and chromium.
The special feature is the "increased"
twist. The illustration also shows the
socket. At the mouth of the interior of
the socket there is a circular steel boss
disconnected from their steam locomo-
tives. These electric boilers will utilize
the 600 volt direct current from the third
rail, and generate steam at 80 pounds
pressure.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
71
Machine Tool Manufacture — Quality and Guarantee
By Penstock
Being a Brief Review of Difficulties and Grievances That Arise
Between Builders and Users of Machine Tools, Showing in Most
Gases That the Lack of a Proper and Courtly Exchange of
Opinion and Action Upon Opportune Advice May Lead to Un-
warrantable Conclusions Being Drawn by Both Parties Concerning
the Transaction of Sale and Purchase Between Them.
THE design, equipment, test and guar-
antee put up to-day by makers of
machine tools may be generally reckon-
ed as of a very high-grade, so much so
we think as to be beyond question to the
limit of human specialization, foresight
and insight presently existing.
The purchaser, however, does not al-
ways see it in that light, and trouble
between the manufacturer and user re-
sults. Inaccuracy of work produced by
the machine is the fruitful cause, and
an often unreasonable deduction on the
user's part hastily arrived at, gives the
maker credit for careless construction.
A condition like this is naturally unsat-
isfactory and annoying to both parties,
reflecting as it does on the manufac-
turer and his business, and injuring it
may be, the quality and quantity of the
user's output.
In the writer's experience probably the
chief element affecting the reliability of
a machine is that due to the user tak-
ing it to pieces for examination pur-
poses, when it arrives from the builder.
That he is perfectly within his right in
doing so no one w^ill gainsay, but that
he shows wisdom in his action is open
to serious doubt.
I have often wondered if curiosity to
see the very vitals of his purchase is not
in some real sense suggestive again of
the eagerness of childhood to break the
outer shell of its toy to investigate the
source of the "squeak," and if the re-
sult in either case has not a parallel in
that neither are qualified to replace pro-
perly the whole again.
The practice, mark you, is followed by
expert users and may not always be
chargeable to quest for opportunity of
criticism ; but to a desire and the very
laudable one of admiring the construc-
tive design and workmanship.
From whatever motive the dismantl-
ing takes place, a grave error is com-
mitted. The user seldom has the equip-
ment to re-assemble the machine as it
should be and was, when it left the man-
ufacturers' hands. The latter is the real
architect of its structure, the former
simply buys the use of it.
A man when he buys a home does not
take it to pieces, and being satisfied try
and put it together again with a view
to living comfortably. He rather relies
upon and accepts his own judgment in
the purchase believing that he has got
what he bargained for from a reputable
seller.
Machine tool builders cannot aSord
to-day to be other than reputable, it is
their particular and chosen business,
they are equipped for it and are willing
to guarantee their individual output. As
a user then give them that trust you
like reposed in yourself, by refraining
from dismantling their product and pil-
ing cost and worry on yourself and
them.
Most machine tool makers record the
tests of their product, and furnish the
purchaser with a copy showing the
limit of error established.
As distinct from the source of trouble
just discussed, other features of heart-
burning are quite common. One of those
is inaccuracy of levelling when the ma-
chine is installed and the want of ver-
ification after operation has been going
on for a few months. This inaccurracy
of level is due in large part to the want
of proper appliances or to improper ap-
plication of them.
Levelling should be done lengthways
and across, before the machine is bolted
to its foundation. Wood packing or
wedges to which oil or water may have
access and settlement of foundations are
each conditions liable to affect origin-
ally correct setting and require careful
keeping track of.
Some makers make a point of inform-
ing their user purchasers of what to do
and what not to do, a course made ne-
cessary for their protection and emanat-
ing from past experience.
A lathe manufacturing concern we
have in mind impresses on its custom-
Another feature that users do not
sufficiently realize, although laid great
stress upon by the manufacturer, is the
question of sufficient lubrication. Ma-
chinery in motion of any description, de-
pends for its continuous and efficient
running with minimum tear and wear,
on regular and systematic lubrication.
For machine tools best quality min-
eral oil is recommended, having in
view the high speed and heavy cutting
demanded in present day practice. Like
quick revolution, forced and self lubri-
cating engines, the wear on bearing sur-
faces of machine tools should be nil. The
lubricant should be of quality and quan-
tity to form a film between the sur-
faces, which film in its turn prevents
contact of them, and by cutting out
wear enables the machine to maintain a
continuous accuracy of production.
Prom what has been said it will be
realized that much is to be gained by
maker and user alike from a proper un-
derstanding of the question as it relates
to each. The tendency we are glad to
say is in all business relationships, to
deliver to the hilt and to consummate
a square deal.
Every known existing obstacle should
therefore be thrown aside, not only as
between machine tool builder and user,
but with respect to every other business
relationship of man and man.
HOME-MADE STILLSON.
The usual Stillson wrench, costly as
it is, is often dispensed with in places
where it would prove quite useful, other
tools taking its place. Wm. Kennedy
& Sons, Owen Sound, have a home-made
article, which while costing but a frac-
tion of the real article, meets all their
shop requirements.
The body of the wrench. A, consists
of a forging bent, as shown at the left
with the right-hand end turned down
to form a handle, the upper part of the
handle being threaded, and the sictes
milled flat to the thickness of the han-
Home-made Stillson.
ers the necessity of carefully trying out
the tool and asks to be thereafter in-
formed as to faults or otherwise. They
especially lay stress on the unwise
course of attempted rectification by the
user, and urge their willingness to re-
place defective parts or provide expert
adjustment where necessary. The manu-
facturer, as we take it, is prepared to
furnish the machine complete and perfect
for the work, leaving the operator to
see to his own particular sphere.
die. The gripping jaw, B, is a steel
forging, with teeth, as shown, the whole
being pivoted on the sliding part, C.
The sliding part, C, is shaped to fit
loosely over top of the threads, and the
flattened sides, the latter preventing its
turning. The lower face of C has a lip,
which engages in an annular groove in
the nut, D, which may be revolved to
give the proper adjustment. All the
parts being forged are very strong. Sev-
eral different sizes are in use.
Boiler Design, Construction, Operation, Repairing and Inspection
By H. S. Jeffery
The Various Points in Connection With Boiler Practice Will be Clearly Taken up
in This Series. The First Article Deals With the Boiler Shell, Including Repair-
ing, Factor of Safety, Hydrostatic Test and Number of Courses. The Series Will
he a Complete Te.tt Book on the Subject of Boilers, and They Should be Preserved
for Reference.
*
Size and Number of Boilers.
(8) In deciding upon the length and
diameter of a tabular boiler, the boiler
designer is called upon to consider
many matters. The steam pressure per
square inch is one consideration, and
the boiler horse-power desired another
consideration. Decide these; then size
and number of boilers.
The solution of whether one large
boiler, or two or more smaller boilers
should be installed, must be governed
by the circumstance of each case.
The purchaser will be inclined as a
rule towards the large boiler rather
than two smaller boilers on account of
the former in regards to first costs be-
ing cheaper than the latter.
The boiler room having only one
boiler usually means Sunday work for
the operating engineer; the passing over
until a "more favorable time" repairs
which should be made promptly and
which if made at the right time won'd
ing a battery of boilers to install one or
I wo more boilers than necessary, the
same being out of service, except when
used in lieu of one of the regular boilers.
It is advisable and true economy as a
Hr
L
V//////MA
vm
^m—^^^m
"^
Fig. 9.
general rule not to depend upon one
boiler. There are instances where plants
at their busiest season, employdng con-
siderable force, have had to shut down
for several days in order to make re-
pairs to the boiler. -
The length and the diameter of a
CKACK H«rT D«KNftB» OWS
Shell TMckness Increases with Diameter
(9) Increasing the diameter of a boiler
means an increase in the force acting
upon the longitudinal plane. For in-
stance: The force aeting on the longi-
tudinal plane of a 66 inch by 16 ft.
boiler will be with 100 pounds pressure
per square inch as follows:
66 X 192 X 100^1,267,200 pounds.
With a 72 in. by 16 ft. boiler, same
pressure per square inch as in the fore-
going example, the total load on the
longitudinal plane will be:
72 X 192 X 100=1,382,400 pounds.
Thus, 1,382,400—1,267,200=115,200
pounds difference.
In considering the diameter of the
boiler and the thickness of the shell
plate, it is necessary to consider the
eflScieney of the longitudinal seam. Tor
instance : The allowable "working pres-
sure on a 66 inch by 16 ft. boiler, plate
60,000 tensile strength andi 7-16 in. in
thickness, factor of safety of 5, efficien-
cy of longitudinal seam 70 per cent.,
will be:
60,000 X .70 X .875
= 114 pounds.
66 X 5
0<\N6ErtOUS OtACK.
Fig. 7.
in many instances have saved the owner
considerable, and in other cases would
have prevented a boiler disaster.
With a battery of boilers it is not
difficult to cut out of service one boiler
for repairs without causing a s'hut-diown
of the plant or part thereof — in fact it
is the practice with some when insrtall-
*SecoDd of ■ aerlea of article! on this sab-
)ect
••Copyrlgbt b7 the MacLcao Publishing
Company.
boiler is sometimes a mere matter of
choice. Other times the designer must
consider the space allotted for the boil-
er. Perhaps it is the desire to install a
66 inch by 16 feet boiler, but the limited
space will require tbe length to be
limited to 14 feet. In this case it would
necessitate increasing the diameter, or
in lieu of the 66 inch by 16 feet boiler
tiiore would ordinarily be installed a
72 inch by 14 f«et boiler.
Fig. 8.
Now, a 72 in. by 16 ft. boiler, same as
the above in regards to tensile strength,
thickness of plate, factor of safety, but
with a longitudinal seam having an
eflBciency of 80 per cent., will be allowed :
60,000 X .80 X .875
= 113 pounds
72 X 5
Assuming the horse-power of a 66 in.
by 16 ft. boiler to be the same as the
horse-power of a 72 in. by 14 ft. boiler —
CANADIAN MACHINERY
73
and raauy boiler maniifaetiirers have
them so ratedi — the 66 in. by 16 ft. boiler
would be cheaper as to first costs and
ordinarily would be a better steamer
than the 72 in. by 14 ft. boiler; and be-
Thiis is due to the plate only being in-
directly cooled by the water within the
boiler; hence, it becomes semi-over-
heated, setting up stresses which crack
the plate. The cracks are not seriouB —
WATER ON -TH>& StOE
Fig. 10.
ing a better steamer would not consume
as much fuel.
The chief reason why the 72 in. by
14 ft. boiler would cost as much and
perhaps more than a 66 in. by 16 ft.
boiler, is due to the fact that the former
will ordinarily be constructed with a
shell plate at least 1-16 inch heavier
than the latter; also, the former boiler
will require more tubes than the latter,
Fig. 11.
and a little more work in the way of
drilling flue holes, rolling flues, etc. The
total costs of the respective boilers will
not, however, be a great diiflferential.
The question has been asked more
than once as to why Marine Boilers are
constructed teji feet and more in diam-
eter, while tubular boilers are rarely
made greater in diameter than seven
feet. The reason why Marine Boilers
can be made large, having shell plates
from one in. to one and one-half in. in
thickness, is due to tbe fact that the
shell plates are not in contact with the
flames and hot gases.
The better part, one-half or more, of
the shell of a tubular boiler is in con-
tact with the flames and hot gases, and
is a part of the heating surface of the
boiler.
Fire-Cracks.
(10) The heavier the plate the more
liable it is to become overheated. This is
especially true if foreign substances are
allowed to adhe.re to the plate. Fre-
quently the plate of the girth seams of a
tubular boiler crack from the rivet hole
to the edge of the plate, as shown in Fig.
7, which is spoken of as fire-cracks.
»MD»C*.TE-a
ACTION O^ FORCE*
that is, dangerous, unless there are many
such cracks. If, however, the crack ex-
tends into the solid plate, then take steps
at once to prevenit the crack from ex-
tending itself.
The girth seam of a tubular boiler
directly over the bridge wall, as shown
in Fig. 6, usually receives the impinging
flame and due to the double thickness of
metal, as well as the rivet heads, the
metal at this point is many degrees hot-
ter than at other points, resulting in fire-
cracks.
Fire-cracks are frequemtly calked over
and remain steam-tight. Sometimes they
become troublesome and are taken care
of by chipping out and calking, as shown
in Fig. 8. Of late some manufacturers,
who have adopted the two-course tubular
boiler type of construction, are now driv-
ing the rivets in the lower part of the
girth seam as shown in Fig. 9. This,
however, they are limiting to just the
girth seam over the bridge wall and
about two feet up on each side of the
boiler.
It is possible for the boiler designer
with some types of boilers to design the
boiler lines to prevent undue crackin;.'
of the plate from the rivet holes to the
calking edge.
flames and hot gases. The beveling of
the plate and the installation of tbe
rivets with oval head is for the purpose
of having as little metal as possible in-
directly cooled by the water within the
boiler.
Such a practice is applicable with t)i<»
furnace of the locomotive type boiler,
for the force acting on the furnace acts
as indicated by arrow. Fig. 10, and thus
the plate from the centre of -the rivet
hole to the edge of the plate has no force
acting upon it, while the plate from the
centre of the rivet hole to the edge of
the plajte of the girth seam of a tubular,
the same being indicated in Fig. 11, has
to resist the force acting upon the trans-
verse plane of the vessel.
The distance from the centre of the
rivet hole to the edge of the plate with
the girth s?am of a tubular boiler should
be one and one-half times the diameter
of the rivet hole, wihile the distance a.
Fig. 10, can be considerably less — usu-
ally about 1 1-8 times the diameter ol
the rivet hole — and, because of the ac-
tion of the force as described.
DOVETAIL ROLLER.
In the old style gate valve made by
the Canada Foundry Co., Toronto, the
wedge or gate is made of cast iron with
brass facing. This brass facing piece is
dovetailed into the cast iron wedge, by
a circular dovetailing groove. Because
of its form, it is impossible to fit them
together because of the bottom of the
dovetail groove being greater in diam-
eter than the top. For that reason,
other means arc used. The two contact
faces of both wedge and facing are ma-
chined, so that the facing will drop in-
to the recess in the wedge. By means
of the rollers shown in the accompany-
ing sketch, the brass of the facing, is
forced outward into the dovetail groove,
making a solid union between the two.
The face is afterwards machined to give
the bearing surface.
The manner of operating the rollers is
as follows : The plate A of which the
Dovetntl Roller.
This can be done with the furnace of
locomotive type boilers. The practice is
to bevel the door sheet and the flue
sheet, especially the latter, for it is the
heavier of those composing the furnace,
in the manner shown in Fig. 10.
The rivet holes are countersunk ami
the rivets driven with an oval counter-
sunk head on the "side in contact with the
rollers consist, is placed on a >quare
piece in the tool post, and over which
hole B fits. The tool post is centralized
and pressure brought to bear on it shov-
ing the two hardened steel rollers C
against the brass. The rollers are cor-
rugated, which, added to the pressure,
forces the brass outward into the liove-
tail groove.
Mechanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinists
By B. P.
A Series of Progressive Lessons Designed to Familiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Apparatus Necessary to Make Simple Drawings, to Encourage them to Realize How Im-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, as Well as Being a Profitable Pastime.
A ^' *'''*ssory to progress and good
•** drawing work is a reliable equip-
ment of tools. This need not be too
expensive unless the aim is ultimate
daily use in a drawing office. The var-
ious items described are such as will be
found at least sufficient for the course
as already outlined.
Apparatus and Applications.
The first necessary requirement is a
drawing board, and this should be as
large as can be conveniently handled in
Figr. 2— Drawing Board.
an ordinary furnished room. Sizes 17
by 24 iuches minimum to 23 by 32 inches
maximum will in most cases be found
suitable. Fig. 1 in our first article of
the series showed an adjustable board
and table combined, while Fig 2 shows
a simple board for use on a table or
bench.
The drawing board should be located
where you have the benefit of a good
light and your relation to it such that
the light strikes the work from the left
hand top corner. To realize the full ef-
fect on your paper, the light should be
shaded, and to obviate excessive stoop-
ing the board should be placed conven-
iently high and slightly sloped toward
you, care being taken that the slope is
not so great as to cause your tools to
roll or slide off.
The drawing paper should be bought
in sheets of sizes 15 by 20 inches and 22
drawing board may run just over the
edge on which the head of the tee square
slides and does not therefore give a
truly square line to that edge. When
overhanging the other edges it invari-
ably gets ragged and inclines to tear in
on the work.
Drawing sheets are not usually perfect-
ly square edge to edge, therefore when
fixing to your drawing board see that
middle of the paper length, also i-inch
in from the edge of the paper. Tacks
should never be placed on the left or
right hand edges intermediate to those
at the corners as they interfere with the
movement of the tee square and tend to
chew its edge. The drawing paper should
be drawn flat and tight when being
tacked to the board.
Fig. 5— Bale Head
Drawing Tacks.
the edge next the tee square head or
left hand is parallel with that edge of
the board.
For practice purposes good paper is
indispensable and Whatman's hot press-
ed demy and imperial are recommended.
Regular drawing office work admits of
very inferior quality of paper being used,
the reasons being that the draftsman is
usually expert enough to treat it ten-
derly while making use of it and that
immediately the tracing copy is made
the drawing sheet finds a resting place
in the waste paper basket. You, if a
beginner, would experience much disgust
with your efforts and their effect on
poor quality paper and as it is an in-
tention to minimize your self-abasement
as far as possible, good quality paper
in your hands becomes a necessity.
Figs. 3-4-5 illustrate various styles
and sizes of drawing tacks, those with
Fig. 6 — T-square.
The tee square, Fig. 6, should be at
least the length of the drawing board
between the inside of head and point
and should not exceed that distance, if
possible for convenience. A tapered
blade as shown gives usually a better
balanced tool and excess length upper
part head over the lower should be a
feature. This admits of the tee square
being operated close down to the lower
edge of the sheet without danger of the
liorizontal lines being out of square with
the left hand edge of the board through
insufficient bearing surface of head. The
drawing edge must never be used for
cutting paper.
The tee square should be hung up by
the hole in blade when not in use and in
the case of it falling to the floor acci-
dentally at any time, a line previously
drawn by it on the board and used as a
setting standard should be taken to re-
%^%'9
(S^m
I'Ig. 3 — Bevel Head Drawing Tacks.
l''lg. 4 — Stamped Drawing Tacks.
by 30 inches respectively to suit the
drawing boards already referred to and
ensure no overlap beyond the board
edges. Paper used of the full size of
•Second of a serlei of an Instractlon Coarse.
A lesson will he given each rnontb.
the bevelled edges. Fig. 3, being per-
haps the most suitable at a diameter
of i-inch. One tack should be placed at
each corner about ^-inch in from the
edges of the paper and a further tack
placed at the lower edge about the
set the blade if it has shifted.
The ])urpose of the tee square is tlie
drawing of right angled horizontal lines,
and the forming of a base on whicli the
triangles or set squares rest when ver-
tical or angular lines are required.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
75
NEW UNITED STATES STEEL PEN-
SION PLAN.
Plans have been consummated to pay
pensions from the United States Steel
and Carnegie Pension Fund, which was
established last spring by the joint ac-
tion of the United States Steel Corpor-
ation and Andrew Carnegie. This fund
was established for the purpose of pay-
ing old age pensions from the income of
the fund to employes of the United States
Steel Corporation and its subsidiary com-
panies. For this purpose the United
States Steel Corporation provided eight
million dollars, which, with the Car-
negie Relief Fund of four million dollars,
created by Andrew Carnegie on March
12, 1901, makes up a joint fund of twelve
million dollars. This pension fund is ad-
ministered by a board of twelve trustees,
through a manager appointed by the
board, with such powers and duties as
may be given him by the board.
The Board of Trustees has adopted
pension rules for the administration of
this fund, to take effect on January 1,
1911, and apply to persons who are in
the service of the United States Steel
Corporation and its subsidiary com-
panies on and after that date.
Under the pension rules three classes
of pensions are provided :
First— Pensions hy compulsory retire-
ment, granted to employes who have
been twenty years or longer in the ser-
vice and have reached the age of seventy
years for men and sixty years for wo-
men.
Second— Pensions by retirement at re-
quest, granted to employes who have
been twenty years or longer in the ser-
vice and have reached the age of sixty
years for men and fifty years for women.
Third— Pensions for permanent incapa-
city, granted to employes who have been
twenty years or longer in the service and
have become permanently totally incapa-
citated through no fault of their own.
The monthly pensions to be paid from
the income of the fund will be made up
on the following hasis. For each year of
service 1 per cent, of the average reg-
ular monthly pay received during the
last ten years of service ; provided, how-
ever, that no pension shall be more than
$100 a month or less than $12 a month.
For example, an employe who has been
25 years in the service and has received
an average regular monthly pay of $60
a month will receive a pension allow-
ance of $15 a month.
This pension fund provides for the sup-
port of faithful employes in their old age
It is entirely separate and distinct from
the voluntary accident relief plan put in-
to operation by the United States Steel
Corporation on May 1, 1910, which pro-
vides for employes who may he injured
and the families of employes who may
he killed while at work in the service of
the subsidiary companies of the United
States Steel Corporation.
Neither the voluntaiy accident relief
|ilan nor the United States Steel and
Carnegie pension fund involves any con-
tribution from the men themselves to-
ward the accident relief or old age pen-
sions.
Societies and Personal
J. G. Sullivan has been appointed as-
sistant engineer on the C. P. R. with
headquarters at Winnipeg.
J. G. Taylor, heretofore superinten-
dent district 1, Alberta division, C.P.R.,
Medicine Hat, has been appointed gen-
eral superintendent Lake Superior divi-
sion. His headquarters are North Bay.
* * •
H. McDonald, fitter in the C.P.R.
Lethbridge shops, Alta., has been ap-
pointed shop foreman there.
* * •
M. A. Cardell, heretofore C.P.R. shop
foreman at Lethhridge, Alta., has been
appointed shop foreman at Medicine
Hat, Alta., vice J. McQuarrie, appoint-
ed locomotive foreman at Sutherland,
Sask.
* * .*
Peterboro Lodge, 286 of Machinists,
held an anniversary night on .Jan. 26,
when a social time was spent.
* • •
The Canadian Railway Club, Montreal,
meets at the Windsor Hotel, on March
7, when a paper will be presented by L.
R. Clausen, Divisional Supt. of the C.
M. & St. P. Ry., Chicago, 111., on the
subject of "Railway Signalling."
* « •
Thos. Arnold, vice-pres. Taylor &
Arnold, Montreal ; D. A. Evans, drafts-
man, G. T. P. shops, Winnipeg ; and
Clifford Walker, Taylor & Arnold, Win-
nipeg, have been elected members of the
Western Canada Railway Club, Winni-
peg.
* * *
The McLaughlin Carriage and Motor
Car Companies, Oshawa, held an Em-
ployes' Ball on Jan. 24, in one of the
wings of the new automobile works. The
ball was a success from every point of
view, due to the efficient management
of this committee : H. Cook, B. Mc-
Cahe, W. Haynes, N. Hall, A. Moffatt,
A. Brownley, M. Parker, G. Johnston,
J. H. Beaton, A. McClure, J. B. Mc-
Cullough, Mr. Waters, W. A. Coad, G.
C. McKeen, E. Hamilton, Ed. Michael,
H. Hagerman and .Tack Crawford. The
500 guests were addressed by Robt.
McLaughlin early in the evening.
• • •
St. Thomas machinists held the first
annual ball in the Engineers' Building,
St. Thomas, on Feb. 16. The master
of ceremonies was John Fitzpatrick.
The committee was composed of John
Lane, chairman; W. E. Moore, secrfr-
tary-treasurer; J. W. S. Booth, J. H.
Gray, T. Stone, Frank Clark, John I.
Stewart, W. FoUick, Wm. Bortman and
P. G. Erickson.
• • •
The Alberta Wholesale Implement and
Carriage Dealers' Association held its
annual meeting Feb. 4, in Calgary. The
officers for 1911 are:— President, J. A.
Latimer, Cockshutt Plow Co., first vice-
pres., S. H. Roe, Tudhope, Anderson &
Co. ; second vice-pres., L. P. Winslow ;
Ontario Wind Engine and Pump Co.;
treas., A. W. Trickey, Massey-Harris
Co.; sec'y, W. E. Hall, Cockshutt Plow
Co. ; Executive Committee, J. A.
Brookbank, International Harvester Co.;
A. W. Trickey; F. T. Wright, Canadian
Moline Plow Co.; J. Ruttle, McLaugh-
lin Carriage Co.; 0. S. Chapin, Chapin
Co.; P. D. McLaren, Canadian Fair-
banks.
• • •
Librarian Carson of the London Pub-
lic Library, has been giving lectures at
the G. T. R. shops, McClary's, and
other shops and foundries in London,
drawing the attention of mechanics to
books in the library of interest to
them.
• • •
The first of a series of social affairs
to bring the C.N.R. and C.P.R. mach-
inists together was held Feb. 17 in the
Odd Fellows' temple. The evening
started with a reception at 8 o'clock
and a concert at 8.30, which included
many interesting numbers together
with a short talk by A. W. Puttee who
acted as chairman of the concert pro-
gramme. Following the entertainment
programme there was a luncheon which
in turn was followed by dancing. A
joint committee was in charge consist-
ing of the following:— E. Pearson, chair-
man; W. J. Paterson, secretary, and A.
Gamble, M.C.; G. Douglas, D. McCul-
lough, G. Johnston, H. McDonald, S.
Miller, M. H. MacGregor, A. Pentland,
J. Mountjoy, F. Pratt, A. Kain, R. F.
Ward, J. G, MacPadden, G. Smith, and
A. R. McEwen.
• • •
Lumen P. Sherwood, Peterboro, in a
competitive examination, won the posi-
tion of chief assistant of the Depart-
ment of Railways and Canals, Ottawa.
• • •
J. F. I. Thomas, M.I. Mech. E.,
A.M. Inst. C.E., representing the elec-
trical department of Vickers Sons and
Maxim, Sheffield, England, spent a few
days in Toronto recently on his way
from England to Winnipeg. He goes to
the prairie city to supervise the instal-
lation of the electrical equipment being
supplied by his firm for the municipal
hydro-electric works. Point du Bois
Falls, Winnipeg River, Winnipeg, Mani-
toba.
76
CANADIAN MACHINERY
J. M, Burke district master mechanic
C.P.R. district No. 1 Atlantic division
with headquarters at Brownville Jet.,
Me., has been appointed master me-
chanic eastern division with headquar-
ters at Smith's Falls, Ont.
» • *
Paul J. Myler, vice-president Canadian
Westinghouse Co., Hamilton, has been
elected president o( the Ontario Motor
League.
• • •
W. E. Barnes, roundhouse and locomo-
tive inspector, Moncton, N.B., has been
appointed master mechanic eastern divi-
sion, I.C.R., with headquarters at
Moncton.
• * •
T. Ross has been appointed master
mechanic of the T. & N. O. Ry., with
headquarters at North Bay.
George H. Wadsworth, for the past 15
years superintendent of the Falls Rivet
& Machine Co., Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio,
,has resigned that position, and will on
and after March 1 devote his entire
time to the Wadsworth Core Machine &
Equipment Co., Akron, Ohio. He has
purchased all machinery, patterns, tools
and interest from the Falls Clutch &
Machinery Co., successor to the Falls
Rivet & Machine Co. for the manufac-
ture of the Wadsworth core machine and
equipment as manufactured by that
company during the last seven years for
him.
• * *
Wm. C. Mitchell, formerly superinten-
dent of the Dominion Steel Co., has
opened an office in the Canadian Express
Building. Montreal, as a consulting en-
gineer. Mr. Mitchell is prepared to un-
dertake the design of modern iron and
steel plants, and the securing of econo-
mies in existing plants.
• • •
J. T. Brewer, of the Structural Steel
Co., Longue Point, Que., has been ap-
pointed general manager of the National
Bridge Co., Montreal.
• • •
Frank Walker, formerly of the C. P.R.
at Smith's Falls, has been appointed
foreman of general repairs for the New
Glasgow plant of the Nova Scotia Steel
& Coal Co.
• • •
S. S. Underwood, chief draughtsman
G.T.R. Car Department, Montreal, was
presented recently, with a fitted travel-
ing bag, and a brooch for his wife, by
the staff, on his leaving the service, to
enter that of Taylor & Arnold, dealers
in railwav equipment and supplies, Mon-
treal and Winnipeg.
• • •
The Master Car Builders' Association
meets In Atlantic City, June 19-21 ; the
Railway Supply Mfrs. Association, June
14-21, and the American Railway Mas-
ter Mechanics' Association June 14-16.
• » •
A. W. Horsey, formerly master me-
chanic eastern division C.P.R. , with
headquarters at Smith's Falls, Ont.,
has been appointed district master me-
chanic district No. 1 vice D. L. Jones
transferred to the Atlantic division. His
lie?dquarters will be at Farnham, P.Q.
• * •
H. Smith, formerly superintendent of
the Canadian Crocker Wheeler Co., St.
Catharines, has accepted a position with
the Canada Foundry, Toronto.
• • •
Edward Blake, jr., manager of sales
for the Wells Brothers Co., Greenfield,
Mass., for the past four years, and a
director of the corporation, severed his
connection with the company Feb 1. He
has obtained the controlling interest in
the Canadian Tap & Die Co., Gait, Ont.,
of which he has been trasurer since its
organization in 1905. He has taken the
active management of the company's
affairs and will devote his entire time
to promoting its business. Mr. Blake
came from the west nine years ago to
enter the employ of the Wells Brothers
Co. as a stock clerk and acquired a
thorough knowledge of the entire line of
Little Giant screw thread cutting tools
and machinery, which was of great value
in his later work. He was promoted to
the order department, and from there
went through the various departments
of the offices to the desk of sales man-
ager and manager of the offices. His
work in this capacity was eminently
successful and in 1909 he was elected a
director.
• « *
The Late Robert McDougall, Gait.
Robert McDougall, the founder of the
R. McDougall Co., Gait, died on Feb.
17, at the age of 86. He was born in
Roxboroughshire, Scotland, and was a
resident of Gait for 60 years. In the
early seventies he and his brother
Thomas, commenced to manufacture
iron pumps and windmills. Now the
lines manufactured include metal and
wood working machinery, pumps, etc.,
a specialty being metal working lathes.
• • •
P. J. Smith Banqueted.
Hotel Quinte, Belleville's famous hos-
telry, was the scene of a splendid ban-
quet recently, when the business men of
the town, assembled to bid farewell to
P. .J. Smith, who is removing to Win-
nipeg.
For the past four years and a half,
Mr. Smith has been superintendent of
the Canada Bolt and Nut Co.'s Rolling
Mills at Belleville, which he has brought
to a high state of efficiency. He was re-
cently appointed manager of the Mani-
toba Rolling Mills, at Winnipeg, and his
leaving to assume that position, was
made the occasion of this unique ban-
quet.
W. B. Deacon, president of the Board
of Trade, acted as chairman, and splen-
P. J. SMITH.
did speeches were made by many of
Belleville's most prominent citizens.
In response to the toast "Our Guest,"
Mr. Smith, foretold prosperity and busi-
ness expansion for Belleville. He urged
the business men of the city to work
for better transportation facilities both
by rail and water. This, he thought,
would result in making Belleville an in-
dustrial centre.
That the banquet was such a huge suc-
cess, was due largely to the efforts of
.\Id. R. C. Chown, who responded to
the toast of the "City of Belleville."
CANADIAN BRANCH BRITISH
MANUFACTURERS.
The associated firms of W. T. Glover
& Co., Royce, The Howard Asphalt and
Troughing Co., The .\shover Fluor Spar
Mining Co., all of Manchester, England,
have secured offices in the Lumsden
Building, Toronto, for the purpose of
direct representation on and supply to
the Canadian market of the various spe-
cialities produced and manufactured by
them. These latter consist of under-
ground cables and wires, electric cranes,
and direct current motors and dynamos,
iisphalt troughing for underground con-
duits and fluor spar for steel smelting.
C. S. Mallett who will be in charge
and manage the Canadian business is
renewing his connection with the Domin-
ion after an absence of 12 years, all of
which time he spent at the various
firms' headquarters he now represents.
The scope of the business to be under-
taken will include reporting and advis-
ing as to the best and most suitable
equipment required, the supply, delivery
and erection supervision of same and the
furnishing of prompt and complete tend-
ers, plans and specifications.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinion.
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
DRILLING KINK.
By G. B. Marquette.
_Iii drilling a large number of holes
close together, the chips and cuttings
from the holes being drilled completely
cover up the marks (lines and centre
punch marks) of the next holes to be
drilled, necessitating the operator to
stop and blow or clear the cuttings
away, before he can locate the next
hole. If we take a piece of tin and cut
Removing Drill Chips.
two Slits as per sketch and then pry
the slit up as seen in end view, we can
pass the drill through the two slits and
It will be found tight enough to revolve
with the drill. When the drill has com-
pleted the hole, we lower the drill until
tin touches the work when the heavy
cuttings will be brushed off while the
finer dust will be fanned off by the
rapidly revolving piece of tin, leaving
the work clear, and the next hole centre
«as«y located.
SUPPORTING COUNTERSHAFT.
By H. Smith.
This sketch shows a convenient meth-
od of supporting countershaft gear from
roof and has the advantage that it can
be used in conjunction with a trolley and
chain block for lifting work in and out
of the machines. Steel I beams are car-
ried over the line of machines by means
of cast-iron brackets which are bolted
to the roof beams. See Pigs. 1 and 2.
These beams for ordinary machine shops
should be 26 in. to 30 in. apart and their
depth will- depend on the span between
the roof beams, 6 in. for a 14 ft and S
in. for a 16 ft. span being adequate.
They must run the full length of the line
of machines to be driven. Their centre
line is offset from that of the machines
so thart the trolley has its range in front
of the latter, enabling, say a lathe oper-
ator to pick up a heavy job from the
floor and slide it into the centres with-
out having to obtain the help of a couple
of men to guide it in for him.
'I'he countershaft hangers are bolted
to wood battens which are readily placed
in position on the steel beams by hook
bolts. See Fig. 3.
The main driving pulleys on the coun-
tershafts are placed in the case of a
lathe to the left of the headstock so that
the trolley has a range of action the full
length of bed in one direction and the
distance between beam centres in the
other. See Figs. 4 and 5. The whole
arrangement has a neat appearance and
.-aves time both in setting up machines
and later in handling work too heavv to
lift by hand. '
Shop Floor,
The sketch also shows a first-class
floor for a shop where moderately heavy
work is handled, say up to 2 tons. The
earth is levelled oflf and well tramped
down before laying the 5 in. of concrete;
3 in. by 3 in. battens are laid in thi.s, the
length of shop and about 8 feet apart.
These battens are bevelled as shown so
that they have no tendency to pull out of
the concrete and stand up 1 in. from the
face of the latter. Crushed breeze is
then rolled onto the surface of concrete
when set and levelled off by means of
straight edge from batten to batten;
1 1-4 in. spruce boards unplaned, but
sawn equal in thickness, are then nailed
to battens in a cross direction. Finally
hard maple flooring, tongue and grooved
IS laid, leaving a good level surface pro-
vided the underneath work has been
properly carried out. This floorin" will
/•/« t
' Jm^y^
V/OO* CALVMi^
^\\\Kn.^\^\\\xvv^vv^VV^
rt^
tt
3
CQ/ve/rerc
Arrangement for Canying: Countershaft.
78
CANADIAN MACHINERY
not splinter and has a certain amount of
spring in it, due to the spruce under-
boards and coke breeze. The latter also
allows for a certain amount of ventila-
tion which is further amplified by the
maple flooring boards being grooved un-
derneath. There is no danger of dry rot
setting in and castings dropped onto it
are not so liable to break as on a bare
concrete floor. It is easy on the oper-
ator's feet.
DISTANCE GAUGES.
By G. B. Marquette.
An addition to the tool store are the
"distance gauges" as per sketches. A
great variety can be made, a combina-
tion of which will give any required di-
Fig. 1 — A Distance Gauge.
mension. They can be made very cheap-
ly (an apprentice could handle the job
in the tool room) and the first cost is
quickly returned by the rapidity with
which a tool can be set to the required
depth. The operator KNOWS without
stopping to check the cut, that he has
the given dimensions, and that it is
RIGHT.
The apprentice could get them within
grinding limits and stamp them, then
harden and grind.
Fig. 1 shows a distance gauge and
Fig. 2 the application of one. Referring
to Fig. 2, the gauge is hardened and
4
« —
1
3* -
*
-*4
>
-T 1 -^ T-"-^
Fig. 2 — Application of Distance Gauge.
ground. B is the tool and a chip must
be taken from A to bring it down to
the thickness shown by the gauge.
BORING BAR FOR ELLIPTIC CYLIN-
DER.
The accompanying sketch shows a bor-
ing bar used in the works of the John
Tnglis Co., Toronto, for boring elliptic
cylinders, and which can be used for
boring cylinders of any shape.
The firm, in producing some cylinders
for a special job — cylinders which were
neither oval nor of the form of separ-
ated circular segments, in shape, were
confronted with the proposition of ma-
chining. A tool something along the
lines shown was made, but discarded in
favor of this latter bar, devised by G.
E. Fax, draftsman for the company.
The construction is as follows: A
main bar A, swinging between lathe cen-
tres, the right on the tail-stock centre
and the left on the head-stock, has a
cutter bar B, attached to it by a dou-
ble arm C, projecting from bar A, and
this bar B is pivoted on C, by fulcrum
pin D.
At the right-hand end, a square bar
E, bent at its lower end, and turned on
its upper portion, passes through a
reamed hole F in bar A. This hole F
has a key-way with corresponding key
in E to prevent twisting of the part.
Straps G straddling A, connect rod E
through pin K to bar B through pin H.
The lower end of rod E, which, as be-
fore mentioned, is bent, shaped approxi-
mately knife-edged, to follow a con-
tour. On the tail spindle a form exact-
ly the same in shape as the bore of the
cylinder, is secured, and the edge at the
lower end of E follows this, and causes
I in a circle, the motion would be dis-
torted. This was practically overcome
by having an off-set tool at I, turned to
the left, so that the more the motion
was distorted due to angularity, it would
be compensated for by the tool digging
in further.
FACING TOOL.
The accompanying sketch is of a
handy facing tool made use of by Wm.
Kennedy & Sons, Owen Soxmd, for fac-
ing of bolt holes in propeller hubs,
flanges, and similar positions. The usual
methods of using a fiat cutter is fami-
liar to all. Its principal objection lies
in the fact that its whole cutting face
strikes the hard scale first, removing
the cutting edge before any material
progress is made.
The facing tool here shown, operates
on the principle of a cross cut bar, with
a plain gooseneck tool, shown at A.
The end B is bent up to form the goose-
neck B, which forms the cutting edge.
This tool is contained in a slot in the
end of the usual type of bolt hole fao-
^£i
=^
^
Boring Bar for S8xl6 Engine.
the tool I to follow the same motion,
boring the cylinder the same shape as
the guide. The spring on E causes the
edge to follow the guide closely. The
bore is the same as the guide, not only
in shape, but in size, as the distance
from D to H is the same as from D to
I. Projecting piece J takes the strain
of the cut, causing H.D. and the tip of I
to be in a line parallel to the bar A and
makes the motion very nearly perfectly
true, the only error being that due to the
slight angularity of the pin H at its ex-
treme positions. The former bar made
did not reproduce the desired shape so
accurately, as the construction was
somewhat different. Suppose the tool T
to remain where it is, and the bar B to
be across the main bar A, so that the
tips of B at H would be at K. This
cutter bar B would thus be diagonally
across main bar A, and as the follower
edge would move vertically, and the tool
ing bar, and slides crosswise on strip
C the whole being held in position by
tour cap screws in cap D. The tool A
is tapped as shown, and a ratchet screw
Pacing Tool.
feeds the tool across, giving the neces-
sary cut. The beauty of the tool lies in
its ability to keep below the hard skin,
and thus save the tool.
This principle has been used by the
company for the last 20 years giving
great satisfaction.
Correspondence
Comments on articles appearing in
Canadian Mactiinery will be cheerfully
welcomed and letters containing useful
ideas will be paid for.
Information regarding manufacturers
of various Unes, with their addresses
will be supplied either through these
columns or by letter, on request. Ad-
dress letters to Canadian Machinery,
143-149 University Ave., Toronto.—
Editor.
» « *
Tapping Hole Straight.
The correct answer to the question on
tapping a hole through a sphere is as
follows : Secure a faced nut over the
tap and down against the work. If it
touches all around, it indicates that the
tap is going in straight.— Apprentice.
* « «
Tinning Cast Iron Cross-Head Slippers.
Will some of the readers of Canadian
Machinery give me a method for tinning
cross-head slippers in quantities so
they can be planed. — W. A. T.
LONG LATHE WORK.
That word "long" iu the title is used
lelatively — long iu proportion to the
lathe. A clever method of doing such
work is by "splicing" two lathes to
take ill long bars as described iu Decem-
ber issue o£ Canadian Machinery, p. 47.
iMost of us have seen or have worked
on lathes having the range extended by
means of a planed casting lined up with
the original bed and ' ' tie-rodded ' ' to
it, and know how seldom such a job is
well done or remains accurate for any
length of time. For my part, if possible,
1 prefer to take my chances in one lathe,
if the work isn't longer than double the
capacity of the lathe, and as an example
will relate one job we used to do this
way, which had to be finished accurately.
In Fig. 1 is shown a roller having
journals at the ends and driven from
one end, B, which occasionally twisted
off at A under an extra heavy strain.
These rollers, new, were 2 1-16 in. dia-
meter, and, as they wore, were turned
down to 1 15-16 in., the limit of adjust-
ment in the machine in which they were
used. They were brought to us to be
dressed up, and we usually had to re-
duce them 1-32 in. in diameter to clean
up the low spots. Our longest lathe
was shorter than the rollers by about
2 feet, which meant tliat we had to re-
\cise them to turn the body proper, and
had to resort to some expedient when
tlie journals had to be renewed; some-
times we had a combination of both jobs
(o do at one time.
Considering first the broken journal,
we commenced by setting the jaws of
the steady rest to an arbor between
CANADIAN MACHINERY
the centres of the diameter of the body
of the roller. After that the tail stock
was taken off the lathe and the rest
moved to the extreme end of the ways.
The other, or broken, end of the roller
was clamped in a V-block on the cross
s^lide of tfic carriage and lined up with
calipers appro.vimately true with the
ways, and the same as the end in the
steady rest which was already centred.
Then with a drill iu the universal chuck
the end was drilled out and into the
hole was driven one end of a bar of
steel and pinned. To turn a new journal,
on this inserted bar, its free end was
gripped iu the chuck, and the roller
turned up to within 1-1000 in. at the
part nearest to the journal to be. It
will be noticed that the bar was left long
enough to be turned, threaded, and cut
oil outside of the chuck.
This is, i think, about the most sat-
isfactory way of turning and threading
on the end of work longer than the ma-
chine; at one time I had a lot of 12 in.
pipe to cut off and thread, and did it
by cutting the pieces about 4 in. longer
than the made-up length, threading to
a caliper Ht, and cutting off with the
cut-off tool.
To return to the roll turning job, it
can be imagined that when cleaning up
the body — with a cut never exceeding
1-64 in. deep — trouble would be experi-
enced from ciuittering. We proceeded as
follows : one end was chucked ou the
journal and the best portion of the roll
proper turned up with an indicator. The
steady rest (set first to an arbor) was
used to support the other end of the rol-
ler, and was set on the best spot, near
llie end of the lathe, which usually left
from 2 to 3 feet projecting.
As to the cut, we started in close up
to the steady rest with a fine round-
nosed tool having plenty of rake
and running with a fine feed.
After the cut had moved up toward the
headstock 12 in. to 15 in., it would show
.signs of chattering when we would ap-
l>ly a second steady rest as near the end
of the new cut as tlie carriage would
permit, and proceed as before, moving
this "following steady rest" every foot
}
E
79
tion of the roll was considerable, and
the cut was not heavy enough to keep
it up against the jaws.
It was nece.ssary to turn the rollers
to within 1-1000 in., for which a micro-
meter was invaluable. We finished with
a fine file and polished with No. 00 emery
cloth. This gave us a surface equal to
the ground finish on the rolls when they
were new, and fully as accurate. Some-
times the rolls would .show an almost
liendish tendency to chatter, and we fell
k
r
im
y i.'. ;;— .Metliod of Turiiiug New Journal.
hack Oil a (lat-nosed tool with top rake
only, sotting it so it cut on the side
next the- headstock only, and dear a
1-32 in. on the other side of the front
edge.
Those who have accurate turning of
tliis natuie will find the above method
a little slow, periiaps, but sure. I pre-
fer it to a built-on lathe, if the work is
short enough, but must admit its infeii-
ority to t\w. "double" lathe mentioneil
at the beginning of this article, or one
good long lathe.— D. A. Hamp.son.
A ccMirifugai oil separator paid for
itself in sixty days iu a watch factory.
It is used to clean superfluous oil from
the work and to separate oil from waste.
The oil is used over again.
The superintendent of an insulated
wire factory, which employes a great
number of women operatives, has estab-
lished a noon lunch room where a meal,
including soup, meat and a dessert, may
be purchased for thirteen cents. The
restaurant is in charge of a local caterer
and the figure given covers the cost of
tlio meals.
The Iron Trade Review recently called
attention to' the fact that motors in-
stalled in machine shops are frequently
too large, ownng to the fact that the
exact amount of power required is not
definitely known. As a motor is most
^^
3H
f6'
'8
I'ijr. 1 — KoUer and .Tnuriial
or SO. After turning the major part of
the roll, which was on the lathe, it was
reversed, set in the steady rest, and cent-
ered by tlie chuck till the newly turned
portion was true.
We found the second steady rest su-
perior to a follow rest for the reason
that the work was held in all directions,
while witli the follow rest the sag to-
ward the center af the unsupported por-
eflicient at full load, the result is that
there is an undue loss of efficiency. A
number of cases are cited wherein the
exact amount of power required was de-
termined by means of volt meter and
ammeter readings, showing that the
motor in use was of too high a power,
and after this motor was replaced with
one of the required power, a consider-
able economy of power was eSect49d.
80
CANADIAN MACHlNfillY
GnapianMachinery
^vs) MA>!UFACTURING NEW5->
A monthly newapapar devoted to machinery and manufacturioy interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry. techni«*l prog^ress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gras, elec-
ritfity, compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHS BAYNE MACLEAN
H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto
G. C KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronio
PETER BAIN, M.E., Toronio
Prisident
Business Managtr
Minsgine Editor
Associate Editor
OFFICES ;
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115 Broadwa'
Iway
Telephone 2282 Cortlandt
FRANCE
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Paris. France
Eng.
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VoL VII.
March. 1911
No. 3
•DIGGING."
Efficiency campaigns have been carried on and much
written on the subject. It is known as "good manage-
ment" or "scientific management" but it really amounts
to the same thing— "digging," that is, worlcing for the
best worlt in the quickest time, at the lowest cost, with
good wages to the producers of these results.
The United States Interstate Commerce Commission
has brought to light systems of management by which the
output of the plant has been increased, not by increasing
the equipment or the number of workmen but by invest-
igating existent conditions and making changes which re-
sult in greater economies and enable the company to in-
crease the dividends and pay better wages to their em-
ployes.
There can be no objection to the statement : "To get
the best results from. men, offer inducements commensurate
with the cost to them of maximum effort." The healthy
human has no objections to work if it is made pleasant
tor him and he is paid at least market value for his ef-
forts.
It is gratifying to note that the reduction in costs of
manufacturing has been done without reducing wages. In
fact, experienced organizers provide for largely increased
wages to efficient workmen who put forth their best ef-
forts. This is done by means of a piece-work or premium
system which stimulates effort and rewards the efficient
workmen.
There are other means by which costs have been re-
duced and are reduced. It calls for investigation— or dig-
ging—to bring them to light, but it pays. In the Feb. issue
appeared an article on Scientific Management^what it is
and what it will do. It pays to get away from the "rule
o' thumb" method of doing things whether in the drafting
room, manager's office, foremen's office or in the work-
shop.
The buying department also calls for some "digging."
It is well to use a magnifying glass or a microscope occa-
sionally and search for the little leaks. Ilecently we
learned of one company that is losing thousands of dol-
lars in buying alone. A "rank outsider" discovered it.
One firm was building its own special machinery. A
little "digging" revealed that a company specially equip-
ped for such work would have built the same machines
for 25 per cent. less.
Another firm was throwing away the small ends of
high speed steel cutters and drills, but it was discovered
by a foreman that these could be used to advantage by
using the pieces as tips for tools. The method was prac-
tically that given in "Efficiency of Tools and Economy in
their manufacture" in the February issue.
A number of pertinent questions are asked in the ar-
ticle on "What is Scientific Management," that are worth
studying. They should lead to "digging" for leaks in
your plant. A vigorous search will reveal unthought of
leaks. One small Toronto factory saved $11,400 in a year
by scientific management. Reports are continuously being
brought to light of leaks stopped and the shop being
brought to a higher state of efficiency, all accomplished
by "digging."
MACHINE TOOL COMPLAINTS.
The article in our present isSue entitled "Machine
Tool Manufacture— Quality and Guarantee" is worthy
the attention of and careful reading by all users of these
commodities. The purchase of a machine tool or in fact
anytliing from a reputable maker should be recognized as
something beyond a mere monetary transaction. It
.should be, and really is, the assistance which one man
gives another in the highest and best sense, enabling each
to do more perfectly in combination, that which neither
could perform as well individually.
The guarantees and advices given users by manufac-
turers have a real cash value to both, and the sentiments
expressed in "Penstock's" paper merit the practical
emulation of all producers and appreciative regard of all
operators. Machine tool manufacture and operation have
reached a high pitch of excellence, to maintain and sur-
pass which must needs demand the helpful co-operation
of botli parties interested.
THE QUEBEC BRIDGE.
For the second time since the Quebec Bridge Commis-
sion has had the plans of a new bridge under consider-
ation, experts have been called in to settle a differ-
ence which has arisen between the members of the board
on engineering points. The immediate trouble, says a
Montreal paper, is that engineers Modjeska and Macdonald
favor the St. Lawrence Bridge Co. tender on its own
plans, while engineer Vautelet favors the Empire Bridge
Co. tender on the board's plans.
In the face of this statement we cannot help sympa-
thising with the minority and complimenting it on its
pluck and confidence.
Much good public money has been spent by this com-
mission in the preparation of plans and specifications,
which seems might have been saved if builders' plans are
better, more trustworthy and necessarv of acceptance
From whatever standpoint looked from, the necessitous
acceptance of the majority recommendation seems to us
a reflection on the commission's work, and a certain rob-
bing of a signal world-honor from it.
On the other hand it stamps the designer staff of our
St. Lawrence Bridge Co. as a combination whose work
CANADIAN MACHINERY
81
commends itsclt and whose confidence is not likely to be
misplaced.
To engineer Vautelet in his meantime lone stand and
in perhaps greater degree, is due also the commendation
and public appreciation for a work laid out, his con-
fidence in its stability and usefulness, and his bid for
a niche in the temple of fame.
The decision" is a momentous one, the more so on ac-
count of there being a bridge in the river which like the
projected one was intended to span that river.
Bridge designers' and constructors' reputations are at
stake, the public safety is involved, the development of
our country depends somewhat on it, and money is we
presume not being stinted.
Let the best be none too good, let there be a Quebec
Bridge, and may its designers receive their due honor.
INVESTIGATION SYSTEM OF PURCHASE.
In the Business Management section of this issue will
be found an interesting account of the system of machine
tool purchase adopted by a prominent railroad. Pleasing
to all engaged in the manufacture and sale of machine
tools because ensuring fair competition and recognition
of merit, it lias also shown profit to those re.sponsible for
introducing the system.
Points to be noted are the adaptability of the system
not only to other railroads but to manufacturing con-
cerns generally, the quality personnel of the committee,
a unit being the superintendent of piecework, and
therefore a most appropriate selection to enable that de-
partment to be fully efficient.
Such a body gives confidence to the executive that the
best available in machine tools is being got for a given
outlay and that nothing which can be superseded and
.scrapped is doing duty on past record. The facilities
given to get around and see what is being done by manu-
facturers admit not only of new and untried specialties
being considered, but effectively stops the prejudice and
clinging to the well-worn riit so cherished by shop fore-
men.
Progress and proficiency can only be attained by
knowing and seeing what others are doing to help us
and recognizing it that way, and any concern that would
keep its head in front must nose its way first.
CANADIAN MANUFACTURERS AND EXPORTS.
Some Canadian manufacturers are evidently unfamiliar
with methods of extending their export trade. London
appears to be the hub of trade and inquiries from all
parts of the world are received by the Consulting Engi-
neers and buying merchants in London. United States
and German companies, realizing this, take particular
care to have their goods known to the merchants in Lon-
don so that London facilities are offered for the prompt
securing of specifications, quotations, etc.
For instance, a firm in India wrote London for infor-
mation of quotations, etc., on some machinery manu-
factured in Canada. There was no information available
without long delays and a great inconvenience resulted
and probably a loss of the order.
Another point in the export trade is the elimination
of loose methods in dealing with a foreign purchaser.
The Trade and Commerce tells how iiii order from .Tapan
was lost by one Canadian company be( au.se they would
not fill the order fo snit .Tapnncse conditions, Such
11 short-sighted policy is harmful not only to that
company but to the Canadian manufacturers generally
who are looking for an export trade.
WASTES TIME OF MAN AND MACHINE.
On a number of occasions "Canadian Machinery"
has drawn the attention of shop foremen, superintendents
and managers to the necessity of having sufficient equip-
ment. J. S. Sheafe, Engineer of Tests, Illinois Central
R. R., Chicago, III, in an article entitled "Care and Sel-
ection of Shop Equipment" recently published in "Rail-
way Age Gazette," has the following to say about the
use of grinding wheels in railroad shops:
"Have plenty of arlnding Wheels.— Grinding wlieels, In most
railway shops, are consplouous by their ahsenre from conTenlent
looatlons. A machinist would rather continue for a while the use
of a slightly dull tool than to bother goini;, perhaps, the length
of the shop and waiting his turn at the wheel. This la hard on
the maphlne, already hard pressed since the advent of high speed
steel ; also on the work and the man. When It Is remembered
that the rate of deterioration of a tool when dull does not varv
as the work done, but as the 8(iuare of the work done, there
is an abuse all around. Grinding wheels should be placed In
all parts of the shop, both machine side and pit side. This
makes It inexcusable for a man to work with anything but per-
fect tools."
A great number of articles included under the head-
ing of "Shop Equipment," may also be included. The
above will serve as an example to interest all in keep-
ing the shop at maximum efficiency.
AWAY WITH THEM!
There is too much talk of Ideals. The word is used in
sermons and poems and after-dinner speeches. Little
souls roll it on the ends of their tongues and lift their
mild eyes to Heaven. Surely the truly great have none
of them — these ideals.
What is wanted is common decencies — not ideals. The
word has too much exquisitely nebulous meaninglcssness.
Fat men dream of ideals, and in the morning cheat the
car conductor. Thin men dream of the same thing and
abuse their wives. Lovers think their affinities "ideals,"
and wake to quairel about a certain usage in grammar.
There are too many "ideals" and too much self-de-
ceiving. Let us save the word from profanity and hide
it until hallowdng time has restored its sacred .shape, and
in the meantime let us collect samples of common de-
cencies, honesty of tongue, and hand, and heartland
put them in a case, lest in a few generations there be
none left.
EXPERIENCE AS A TEACHER.
No amount of personal expeinence can ever malce a
man perfect. On a few occasions (fortunately they are
few) mechanical men have given our subscription men
as a reason for not subscribing to a mechanical paper
that "they have worked at their business for twenty
years and didn't need ad-ice along mechanical lines."
This view is a very narrow one to take. The techni-
cal paper does not essay to show a man how to run his
plant, but by telling what others are doing, giving news
of the mechanical world, descriptions of new machinery,
the opinions of other mechanical men, it undoubtedly
provides a ready means of improving the knowledge in
connection with the conduct of and work in the shop.
No matter how extensive a man's experience may be,
he can still learn something from others and the techni-
cal paper serves as a means for this interchange of ideas.
The fact that a man values his opinions so highly, should
naturally lead him to place some value on the experience
of others.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
New Machinery for Machine Shop, Foundry, Pattern Shop, Planing
Mill ; New Engines, Boilers, Electrical Machinery, Transmission Devices.
PIPE THREADING MACHINE.
The new double head rapid nipple
and pipe threading machine shown in
the illustration has a capacity of i/g to
■34 inch, inclusive. It reams and tlireads
at one operation, pipes of any length
from a nipple up, being quickly threaded
on this machine.
It is fitted with the Hall improved
die head. Tlie dies are easily made
and permit beinu: recnt often. Rotary
oil pump and drip pans form part of
the eriuipnient.
This machine is manufactured by
John II. TTall and Sons, Brantford.
BOLT CUTTER AND NUT TAPPER.
The illustration shows a new motor
driven machine made by the Wiley &
Russell Mfpr. Co., Greenfield, Mass. The
machine proper is their standard com-
bination opening die machine, equipped
with their well-known patented "Quick
Change" opening dies. Electric motor
to the bed on which the motor shelf is
secured. This shelf is hinged at back
i'iid lias finished projecting lugs which
rest on cam shaft operated by lever A.
By this suflicient tension can be kept on
belt at all times and belt can be slack-
ened off when desired to shift it from
one step to another on cone pulley.
After belt is tightened the cam shaft is
locked with a binder.
The lever B, in front of motor con-
trols the clutch in the large spur gear,
so that the bolt-cutter can be stopped
independently of the motor. The motor
is con-«tant speed and back geared and
is fitted with a rawhide driving pinion.
Motors can be furnished for direct or
meter. A 2 h.p. motor is used. The
weiglit complete is 2,300 lbs.
SOLID ADJUSTABLE DIE HEAD.
Landis Machine Co., Waynesboro,
Pa., has recently brought out a new type
of die head known as a "Solid Adjust-
able Die Head." The purpose of this
die head, is to take the place of the
solid dies now used on any of the screw
machines and other types of machines
wherein the work Is backed out of the
die after the thread is out.
The die head is illustrated lierewith
showing the 1 inch standai-d size which
has a range from { inch to 1 inch. It
embodies the use of the high speed free
Plpe-tbreadlug Machine, Jobu H. Uall & Sous, Brantfuril.
Bolt Cutter and Nut Tapper, Wiley & Russell Mfg. Co.,
Greenfield, Mass.
drive is attached to this standard ma-
chine. It can be used for nut-tapping,
pipe-threading, cutting off, etc.
The arrangement is as follows: — It
consists of a bracket fitted and bolted
alternating current, reversing or non-
reversing.
The an-angement is strongly and
carefully fitted and machine is guaran-
teed to cut bolts and pipe to 2 inch dia-
cutting Landis die, with a very wide
adjustment. The dies are adjusted to
and from the centre on radial lines for
different sizes and are held rigidly in
their seats.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
88
The die head is held in the turret of
any ordinary screw machine and trips
off by retardintf the forward movement
of the carriajje. Tliis die liend will also
bo made without tlie trippins; device for
special requirements. The tripping ar-
rangement is so set that when the
desired length of thread is cut, the die
head will trip and revolve with the
work until the machine has time to re-
verse.
By using this die very high cutting
speeds are readily acquired, equal to
(he turning and drilling speeds on the
other operations of the screw machine,
so that the speeds need not be reduced
in the threading operation for the ac-
commodation of the die as is the case
witli the solid dies.
Chasers can at all times be ground to
suit the material to be cut; any amount
of rnlvP can be given that is necessary,
thereby insuring the best possible cut-
ting condition and securing ideal results.
The dies are made from high speed
steel and can be ground and regronnd
many times, thus giving a life many
times greater than any other solid die,
besides never requiring to be annealed,
bobbed or retempered, and are readily
adjustable to take up wear in addition
to the adjustment for different dia-
meters.
One set of chasers can readily be set
above or below their" rated diameter.
For instance, i-o inch (^3 thread) can
be set to cut 1 incli diameter when dc-
Soliil Aiijnstal.le liic lli'.-nl, Landis Macliiiie
Co., W.nyuesboro, Pa.
sired, or they can also be set to cut ^4
inch diameter. The angle in the thread,
however, will not be quite ideal, but all
that is required for ordinary screw
machine work. With other types of die
heads a special set of cliasers is requir-
ed each time you wish to cut other than
standard pitches. "Witli this head any
diameter within the range of the head
can be cut with one set of dies so long
a.s the pitch is the same. Tn very
sjiecial cases wliere absolutely correct
pitch is required, it would be advisable
to use special holders so as to set the
chasers on the exact angle to corres-
pond with the angle of the thread. Or-
dinarily this is not required.
These heads can be supplied in stand-
ard sizes with shanks suitable for liold-
ers in ordinary screw machines. The
Vi inch head is 23^ inches in diameter,
capahK' of cutting a thread of I'/j inches
milling purposes and is operated from
the pilot wheel for both hand feed and
quick traverse by means of a clutch.
The outer support for boring bar can
be clamped securely to the bed, and is
readily removed for overhanging work.
The spindle head and outer support for
boi-ing bar are aligned by means of scale
^RiiT
■T" I
■^ \
llorip.fr. Milling and Drilling Machine, Cleveland Macliine Tool Works, Cleveland.
long. The 1 inch head is 4% inches in
diameter, capable of cutting a thread
234 inches long. Other sizes with spec-
ial slianks will be made to order.
The dies will regularly be made from
higli speed steel. In no other type of
dif can high speed steel be used to the
.same advantage as can be used in this
die, as will be readily apparent on the
face of same.
This head is manufactured by the
Landis Machine Company, Waynesboro,
Pa.
BORING, MILLING AND DRILLING
MACHINE.
The machine shown in the accompany-
ing cut is a horizontal boring, milling
and drilling machine with tapping at-
tachment and vertical feed.
Tlie spindle runs in solid taper bronze
hearings with adjustment for wear, and
has a face-plate to receive large milling
cutters, etc., for heavy work; it revolves
in right or left hand directions and can
be started, stopped or reversed instant-
ly, tliis being convenient for facing, tap-
ping, rail'ing and other operations. The
spindle and back gear drive is located
between the spindle bearings, bringing
tlie power direct to the work. The lever
for operating back gear and the lever
for revei'sing spindle are conveniently
located on the spindle head, and they
can be engaged or disengaged Avhile the
machine is i-unning.
The spindle bar which passes through
the spindle, is of unannealed crucible
steel, 2V2 inches in diameter, has 22-ineli
traverse, and is fitted with a No. .5 Morse
taper. It has power feed in either direc-
tion: can be securely clamped for face
and vernier reading .001. The scales
read 1-64-ineii and 1-100-inch direct.
There are 16 head, platen and bar
feeds, 8 in number for each position of
spindle back gear, are positive geared,
and an'anged in geometrical progression
from .00.5 to .3-inch per revolution of
spindle. All feeds are reversible. All
clianges of speed can be made while the
machine is running.
The machine is made by the Cleveland
Machine Tool Works, Ohio.
VERTICAL MILIiING MACHINE.
The half-tone shows a new vertical
milling machine recently brought out
by the Rockford Machine Tool Co.,
Kockford, 111. It is adapted to modern
manufacturing methods and the produc-
tion of duplicate parts. The machine is
a radical departure from the old prece-
dent, the adjustable knee, which is in
common use. The builders claim all the
advantages of the adjustable knee with
the elimination of their undesirable fea-
tures.
The column and the horizontal slide
for the saddle are made in one casting
By this construction, the table is not
adjustable vertically, the top of table
being 30 inches from the floor, the same
height as a planer platen which is most
convenient for the operator in handling
castings or other parts being machined.
The head bearing on column is fully as
large as the bearing to the knee on a
machine of corresponding size while the
weight of the head is much less and
counter-balanced, relieving the bearing
of over-hang and uneven strains which
rapidly destroy their accuracy.
The general dimensions of the mach-
84
CANADIAN MACHINERY
ine are as follows: — Distance from cen-
tre of spindle to column 15 Inches, total
length of table 56 inches, working sur-
face of table 14Jxl8 inches, teed to
tables 32 inches, maximum distance of
table to spindle 21 inches, minimum
distance of table to spindle 3 inches,
the head has a vertical movement of
21 inches, and a bearing on the column
19 inches v?ide by 25* inches long, the
spindle is 4 inches in diameter at taper
by 3 inches at upper end. It has an ad-
justment of 6 inches by means of sleeve
and worm gear. There are twelve
speeds to the spindle, nine back geared
and three high open belt speeds for
small cutters with twelve changes of
feeds.
The drive is through a three-step cone
pulley, diameters of -which are 12, 13 J
and 15i inches for I inch belt. The speed
of countershaft is 390 r.p.m. Three
speeds for each step of the cone are in-
stantly obtained through the back gear-
ing by the manipulation of a vertical
lever on the side of the machine. The
two levers are interlocking, preventing
any two conflicting combinations of
gears being engaged at the same time.
By placing the vertical lever in its neu-
tral position, the sliding gears are all
locked out of mesh, then by moving the
lower of the two levers to the right,
the clutch is engaged with its mate
which is out on the end of the shaft
carrying the cone pulley and the three-
high speeds obtained direct from the
cone pulley to the bevel gears on the
vertical shaft. Twelve speeds to the
.spindle are thus obtained which are 13,
lfi.fi, 21.4, 27.4, 35.2, 45, 57.8, 74, 98.3,
121.fi, 156 and 200 r.p.m.
The feed is driven by spur gear from
the back gear shaft. The clutch for en-
gaging and reversing the feeds is placed
on the upper shaft which is the highest
speeded shaft in the box. The lever for
operating the clutch is conveniently
placed in front of the machine. The
power from the clutch shaft is transmit-
ted through the slip gears at the end
of the machine. Two pairs of these
gears are used which are reversible, giv-
ing four changes. Three changes for
each position of the slip gears are ob-
tained by the sliding gears on the lower
shaft which are operated by the lever on
the front of the feed box. The feeds
twelve in number range from f to 17
inches per minute, can be instantly ap-
plied to the table; the cross movement
of the saddle, also to the head.
The power quick adjustment is a new
and valuable time .saving device. Tt is
claimed by the builders that vct'.ial test
of a machine so equipped showed a sub-
stantial gain in the production .'i fa\or
of the machine returning the table rnpid-
ly by power. The power is supplied to
tJw reversible clutch by spur gearing
direct from the cone shaft. Traiisniis-
sion from clutch shaft is through the
angle shaft equipped with anivcrsal
joints to the teed train in front of the
machine.
The operating lever is convcni>intly
placed in front of the machine on the
•
Vertical .Milling Macliiiie. Kiickfoid Miicliiiie
Tool Co., Rocktord. 111.
right hand side. This is also iiueiljck-
ing, making it impossible for 'he feed
works and the quick return to ..c en-
gaged at the same time. The device is
very simple and its operation is as fol-
lows:— The lever is pivoted with lower
projection, engaging a rod passinu;
through the shaft which is connected to
a sliding collar by key through a slot
in the shaft. A shaft passing through
the column is connected by yokes at
each side to the sliding collar and the
jaw clutch on the feed shaft. An out-
ward movement of the operating lever
disengages the clutch on the feed shaft
and the lever is free to be moved to
the right and left, pass the projection on
bearing casting, engaging the reversible
clutch and applying power for the quick
adjustment mechanism. On duplicate
parts with an operator constantly on
the machine, all movements can be con-
trolled by this one lever, as it will be
seen that by pressing the lever toward
the machine, the feed is again engaged.
However, this in no way interferes with
the operation and use of the automatic
stops to the longitudinal and cross
movements. All slides are fitted with
adjustable taper gibs, adjustable end-
wise to compensate for wear. The sad-
dle slide is double gibbed, having a tap-
er gib on the inside of right hand bear-
ing, insuring perfect alignment when
feeding under heavy cuts. All move-
ments of the table, saddle, head and
sleeve are provided with graduated col-
lars, reading in .001. All shaft hearings
are provided with wool felt oil retain-
ers. A very efficient means is provided
for oiling the driving shafts and feed
box. Each bearing is connected by a
soft brass tubes 5-16 inches in diameter
which are brought up to a convenient
location and grouped together in an oil
cup V with hinged cover.
DOUBLE VERTICAL MILLING
MACHINE.
The double vertical milling machine
^lJ()wn in the illustration was built by
the Newton Machine Tool Co., Phila-
lU'lpliiii. The spindle is 6% ins. in dia-
nu'tor lilted with a No. 7 Morse taper.
The construction permits of having only
one i'eed at a time, but sufficient change
i;ears are furnished to give feeds of
!:)214 in., .2071 in., .285 in., .0892 in.,
.0").")4 in., and .0357 in. per revolution of
^|lill(lle. Tlie feed motion is clutch and
I lie drive is taken from the spur gear
mounted beside the driving worm
u lieel.
The machine has a minimum cap-
iieity for cutters 251/4 inches in length
iiiid for cutters to a maximum length of
litl'/i inches and up to 13 inches in dia-
iiR'ter. Tlie minimum distance from the
work support to the centre of the
spindle is 10^2 inches and the maximum
distance is 8 ft. 4i/2 inches. Reverse
motion to the fast vertical elevation of
tile saddle is obtained tlirough a double
train of bevel gears engaged by a Car-
lyle-.Tobnson friction clutch.
The machine is driven by a 20 h.p.
General Electric type DLC No. 2 motor,
l>ouble Vertical Milling Machine, Newton Ma-
chine Tool Works, Philadelphia.
liaving a speed of 450 to 1,350 r.p.m.
'I'he motion is transmitted from the
motor through a "quride" gear to the
large driving spur gear mounted on the
iiorizontal shaft on the side of the up-
right on which is also mounted a bevel
gear driving the vertical spline sliaft.
Tiie bevel gear on the vertical spline
.sliaft is mounted above tiie bevel pinion.
The stresses are thus counteracted and
the thrust on the vertical spline shaft
bearing is minimized,
POWER GENERATION \ APPLICATION
For Manufacturers. Cost and Efficiency Articles Rather Than Technical.
Steam Power Plants ; Hydro Electric Development ; Producer Gas, Etc.
BELTS AND BELT DRIVES.*
By A. E. B.
'pHIS concluding article on "Belts
and Belt Drives," will treat of the
influence of pulleys on belts, the install-
ation of belting, the flapping of belts,
the care and use of belting and belt
joints.
Influence of Pulleys on Belts.
The outer face of a belt travels faster
than the inner, causing compression oE
the latter and e.vten.sion or stretching of
the former. This process has a natural-
ly injurious eitect on the substance and
life of the belt and should be miminized
to the fullest e.xtent possible, by using
large diameter pulleys, those especially
with little crown. Centrifugal force as
is well known tends to raise the belt
from the pulley face with the result that
only the centre of belt width makes con-
tact, thereby aggravating the ill effects
Fig. 11— 18-iii Belt-laeing Maphinc.
of tension and compression by a de-
creased surface.
Pulleys less than 12 inch and 18 inch
diameter should be avoided, with single
and double belts respectively. Crown
pulleys of less diameter than the width
of the belt for single belts and of less
diameter than one and one-half times
the width of double belts should also be
avoided. The foregoing remarks apply
more particularly to horizontal and fiat
angle shaft drives.
Horizintal shaft pulleys should have
about ;-inch per foot crown, while those
on a vertical shaft should have about
twice that amount. Flange pulleys chew
•Part II. of tlie second article of the iieHes
ou Power Transmission Eiiulpnient, Operation
nnd Efficiency Subjects.
the belt edges and should be side-track-
ed in favor of wider and extra crown-
faced types. Fast and loose pulleys
have also a tendency to distroy the
edges of the belt due to the shifting
operation.
To obtain a greater amount of power
from belts, the pulleys may be leather
sheathed, an arrangement admitting o£
a slack belt and a corresponding increase
of durability.
Installation of Belting .
In applying new belts, care should be
taken Unit the proper side goes next to
the pulley. Belts have what is known
as a flesh face and a hair face, the
former of which to the uninitiated might
suggest itself as the driving face. This
IS not so however, for the reason that
the flesh face being tougher, is better
able to stand the stretching already re-
ferred to, and tlie liair side, which is
predisposed to cracking, wears better
under compression.
The top end of splices connecting the
lajis should point in the running direc-
tion of the belt. Pulleys should be
somewhat wider than the width of belt
necessary.
Horizontal belts and angle drives up
to 15 deg^rees from the horizontal plane,
should have a sag of about 4-inch per
loot, and the underside be the driver.
Vertical belts should be pulled tight
to ensure grip on the lower pulley.
, To connect two horizontal shafts run-
ning at right angles to each other by
a i twist belt, set the pulleys so that
a plumb line from centre of face of
upper pulley on side where belt leaves
it, will strike centre of face of lower
pulley also on side where belt leaves it.
Shafting and machinery should be so
arranged t-liat belts will run from the
former to the latter in opposite direc-
tions in order to equalize the strain and
pull on the bearings.
Tightening or guide pulleys are applied
to the slack side of belts and located
nearest the smaller diameter pulley.
Increase of belt width should mean a
corresponding increase in thickness, and
it is probably true that a thick and
narrow belt is more durable and works
rather more satisfactorily than does a
wide and thin belt. This, of course, has
regard to the fact that a certain well
defined ratie of thickness to width
must exist to ensure stability.
Flapping of Belts.
Flapping of belts is due to a variety
of causes, to which the following are
among the chief contributors ; the ends
of tlie belt at the joint not being per-
fectly square, pulleys out of line and set
at an excessive distance between centres,
high velocity running, which tends to
trapping of the air between belt and
pulley, thereby diminishing the adhesive
contact and the more so if the sag al-
lowed exceeds that already stated under
installation.
Sudden and often occurring change of
engine speed due to heavy intermittent
machine load, invariably causes flapping
of belt, and is most generally only
capable of cure by increase of flywheel
weight, or by the substitution of a fly-
wheel driving pulley for that in use.
The following pidley centres for given
belt widths are suggested as a maxi-
mum to provide against flapping from
this cause. Belts 4 inches and under,
15 feet centres ; belts 4 inches to 12
inches, 20 feet centres ; belts 12 inches
to 18 inches, 25 feet centres; belts over
18 inches, 30 feet centres.
l"ig. ]:^-Detalls of Belt-lacing Maclilne,
Trapping of the air may be counter-
acted by perforating the pulley rim or
the belt.
Care and Use of Belting.
Leather belts should be well protected
against water and other moisture, by
using a waterproof leather dressing.
Belts made of coarse loose flbred leather
will give best service in dry and warm
places. For damp or moist conditions
the very finest and firmest leather
should be used.
Oil should not be allowed to drip on
to belts as it destroys the leather.
Leather belting may not safely be con-
stantly used above 110 degrees Fahren-
heit.
Belt dressing should only be used as a
preservative when the belt inclines to
86
CANADIAN MACHINERY
get dry, and should not be applied tu
secure unnatural adhesion.
Belt Joints.
It is preferable to joint the ends ol a
belt by splicing and cementing as it en-
sures against irregularity of running and
consequent jar. Splicings of full width,
V'-shape aud stepped are used on double,
triple and quadruple belts respectively.
For double belts up to lU inches wide
the splice may be 10 inches long and for
widths in excess of these the splice may
be the same length as the belt width.
Laced belts should have the lace holes
punched with an oval punch, whose
longer axis is parallel to the belt
lengthways. Lacing should not be
crossed on the driving face of the belt.
With all forms of belt fasteners care
should be taken that their surfaces on
driving face of belt are sunk below that
face. In our February article various
forms of belt fasteners were illustrated
and in this, details of a belt lacing ma-
chine are described and illustrated. Fig.
11 represents the complete machine
equipped for hand or power operation
and for use on an 18-inch belt. Fig. 12
shows the leading details which consist
of 3 corrugated rolls, operated by a
crank, between which is inserted a spiral
needle. By revolving the crank the
needle is carried through the ends of
the belt and makes small perforations
into which the coiled wire lacing is af-
terwards threaded by a similar process
to that of perforating by the needle.
The coils are afterwards flattened and
forced well into the belt and are coupl-
ed together at the ends by means of
raw hide pins, twine or other material
suitable. The rolls and gears are made
of the best hardened steel, and all parts
are interchangeable.
Fig. 13 represents a leather belt 2^
inches wide laced by the Peerless belt
lacing machine, which joint stood a
tensile strain of 4,000 pounds without
breaking or pulling apart.
Fig. 14 is a descriptive sketch com-
parison of hand and machine belt lacing,
< oniment being needless.
Conclusions.
As a result of modern experimental
work on power transmission by leather
greatest allowable belt tension is not
constant, neither is the belt velocity
even with pulleys revolving at constant
speed.
The efficiency of a belt has been shown
to be just as high as a good gear trans-
mission, the loss in over-all belt effi-
ciency being largely due to bearing fric-
tion, showing that the looked-for im-
provement should come from that quar-
ter in the shape of ball or roller bear-
ings equipment.
gathered up and sent to the crushers.
The electro-magnet now effects a saving
by leaving these behind.
HANDLING ORE WITH ELECTRIC
MAGNETS.
Magnetic iron ore is picked from the
ground and loaded on cars for the crush-
ers with electro-magnets at the Moose
Mountain Mine, Ont. The ore is blasted
HOT SHOT.
In announcing their usual Christmas
"dividend" to employes, based on 10
per cent, of each employe's yearly earn-
ings, thtf Crane Co. recently denounced,
m no uncertain terms, the practice pur-
sued by some corporations of trying to
induce their workmen to become stock-
holders. We quote their remarks verba-
tim : "We do not know of a more con-
temptible, low-down, cold-blooded fraud
than the practice of some corporations
who endeavor to tempt their workmen,
in the disguise of a Christmas gift, to
buy below the market price their stock,
which has fluctuated all the way from
i;ii'iIni-.\(M!,'iH'l ll.MHlliuj;
from the side of the hill. .\t the bot-
tom of the hill an electro-magnet con-
nected to a crane loads it on the cars
and at the same time leaves behind the
rock and non-magnetic material.
The electro-magnet handles 1200 pounds
of pig iron at a load and about 800
pounds of iron ore. The economy of the
electro-magnet is self-evident. .For some
live dollars to eighty dollars a share. If
these people had a spark of decency they
would never do anything of this sort
but would advise their men to put their
money into a savings bank where they
would be sure that it was safe and
would bring them in a small return. An-
other part of this contemptible scheme
is to get their workmen to become
KlK. i:', -V':-
Hi'it, .MiiciiiTip-i.Hcii.
\''\a. 14 roiiipnrlsnn nf IT^iiiil nnrt MnoMno h\fP(I bPlts.
belting, much light has been thrown on
the subject, with the result that pos-
sibly its future treatment will require
revision. It appears proved that the
time buckets were used but had to be re-
placed very often at considerable cost.
Then too, by the latter method the rock
and other non-magnetic materials were
stockholders and in that way have their
friendship enlisted in their company's be-
half and aid them in their unprincipled
business methods."— Selected.
Management
TOOL ROOM MANAGEMENT.
By G. C. K.
The efficiency of a machine shop can
usually be quickly arrived at from an
investigation of the tool room. In shops
where efficiency and good workmanship
is essential, there will be carefully ar-
ranged shelves of jigs, drills, reamers,
bolts, dogs, chucks, clamps, wrenches,
milling cutters, lathe tools, etc. The
rooms are large, systematically arrang-
ed and in charge of a man who under-
stands thoroughly tool work, tool grind-
ing,, etc. There is also a system for
taking care of the tools and other ap-
pliances. It is the intention of this
article to suggest a system for shops
where one is not at present in use.
There are some tools, bolts, blocks,
etc., that are in constant use and
tables have been devised so that these
may be kept beside a machine and in a
handy place for the operator. Certain
milling cutters are kept at the milling
machine, certain lathe or planer tools
at a particular lathe or planer but there
should be a central for all tools for
general use and all expensive tools. In
fact it is better when ALL small tools
are kept in the tool room and accounted
for by the one in charge. THE EFFI-
CIENCY OF THE SHOP AND ITS
PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY DEPENDS
TO A LARGE EXTENT UPON THE
CHARACTER AND COMPLETENESS
OF THE EQITIPMENT STORED IN
THE TOOL ROOM.
Situation.
The tool room should be placed as
near the departments using the tools as
possible, favoring those that, from the
nature of their activities, demand most
frequent intercourse with it.
Also, the tool room should be in a
well-lighted situation. It is more like-
ly to be kept clean and in order if well
lighted. The light available should be
sufficient for the man in charge to read
readily the numbers of the jigs, etc. In
addition numbers should be of sufficient
size so that they may be easily deciph-
ered. The tool room, for the same rea-
son, should be provided with a good
system of artificial lighting. THE
QUESTION OF PROPER LIGHTING
IS AN IMPORTANT ONE FOR HERE
RESTS MUCH OF THE PROBLEM
OF SAVING TIME WHEN TOOLS
ARE REQUIRED.
Delivery of Tools.
In a small machine shop it is custom-
ary to let every man secure any tools
he requires, but in larger ones telephone
systems and messengers, pneumatic sys-
tems, dummy waiters, elevators, speak-
ing tubes, etc., have been installed.
Where there are a number of floors, the
telephone, speaking tube, dummy wait-
ers, elevators, etc., are of great service
in reducing lost time and delays in the
delivery of tools, jigs, etc., to a mini-
mum. The National Cash Register Co.,
Toronto, use a dummy waiter for sup-
plying stock, tools, etc., to other floors
and it is found to be entirely satisfac-
tory.
The factory telephone and the pneuma-
tic system of delivery orders, tools,
drawings, etc., will be the subject of
two articles in succeeding issues of
Canadian Machinery. The pneumatic
system has been successfully applied to
departmental stores and could be ap-
plied to factories with equal success and
economy of time.
To assist in quick delivery the tool
room attendant should not be hampered
by closed cupboards. The open shelves
are more convenient and are also cheap-
er to construct.
"Checking" Tools.
IT IS NECESSARY TO KNOW EX-
ACTLY WHERE ALL THE TOOL
JIGS ARE AT ANY TIME. Either
they are in use in the shop or are in the
tool room. In order that this condi-
tion may always exist a check system
is found to be most satisfactory. The
check should be of brass with a hole
drilled in it for hanging on a hook pro-
vided on the side of the space from
which the tool or jig is taken. A cer-
tain number of them on which is stamp-
ed the workman's number is given to
the workman. In plants where this sys-
tem is in operation it is customary to
give the workman ten checks.
The following is the method of opera-
tion: A workman desiring a certain
jig comes to the delivery window, states
what he wants and hands over a check.
The attendant hangs the check on the
hook provided beside the space contain-
ing the jig, delivering the jig to the
workman. When the jig is returned the
check is handed bar'-.
Classification.
EACH JIG. TOOL, ETC., IN THE
TOOL ROOM SHOULD BE CLASSI-
FIED AND PLACED IN THE RACK
SO THAT THE ATTENDANT CAN
AT ONCE PROCURE IT. The general
scheme of classification devised by
Frederick W. Taylor, the author of the
well-known volume on the ".\rt ot
Cutting Metals," was given in a recent
issue of "Industrial Engineering," and
is shown in the accompanying table.
Subdivisions of it may be made where
necessary:
('lUMHlHcatiun of TuoIh.
Clnsa
A— MI.SCELI.ANEOCS TOOLS, not el»e-
nliere rlassifled.
I! IIENDING TOOLS.— All toolB for pro-
(Ini-liitr clinnKeR In gbiipe by binding.
fuldlii^, RpiniilDjf, etc.
C— CLA.MPS AND HOLDING DKVICE.S of
nil kinds, Incliidlii? bolta and screws.
D— DRILLIXQ AND BORING TOOLS.—
Tools that remove metal from the In-
terior, such iia drills, boring bars, cut-
ters and all appliances relating to
tlicni. and lathe boring tools.
E— EDGE TOOLS.— Edge tools for working
wood, and tools for working plastic
materials, such as clay, molding sand,
putty, etc.
F— HEATING TOOLS.— .\11 kinds of tools
used for beating, lighting, melting,
molding, oil tempering, annenling,
drying, cooking, etc.
H— HAM.MEKS AND ALL TOOLS that
work by striking or being struck,
such as sledges, tups, etc., chisels,
sets, flatters, etc.
L— TRANSPORTATION TOOLS.— All tools
used In moving materials from one
place to another, such as buckets,
boxes, etc., trucks, shovels, wheel-
barrows, bogies, brooms. riggers*
tools, slings, chains, etc.
M— ME.ASURING TOOLS.— All instruments
of precision, weights, mea.suree, gages,
etc.. electrical instruments, etc.
P— PARING TOOLS.— All tools that remove
metal from the surface by cutting, ex-
cept Blotter and milling tools. (See
das? D for lathe boring- tools.)
R— MILLING TOOLS.— All tools for mllllnjr
or sawing metal.
S-SLICIXG TOOLS.— All parting tools and
blotter toola.
T— TEMPLATES AND ALL INSTRU-
MENTS for duplicating work. Includ-
ing jigs and fixtures.
U— ABRADING TOOLS.— All tools for rub-
bing, scraping, flllng. grinding, shear-
ing, pniuhing. breaiting, etc.
W— WRENCHES AND ALL TOOLS used
for causing rotation.
X— PAINTING TOOLS.— All tools used
for covering a surface with an adhes-
ive foreign material, and any for re-
moving same.
According to the Taylor system a
tool is designated by the first letters of
the words describing the tools. Thus a
lathe tool of class P, is 2PRBC, if it is
a 2-inch cutting tool, round-nose, blunt
and central with the tool or straight.
These symbols are stamped on the tool
and on the rack or drawer.
Where the Taylor system is used the
racks arc arranged according to the
58
CANADIAN MACHINERY
classification, A, B, C, etc., and the
letters designating the tools are prom-
inently printed on the rack. The size of
the tool room, the number of racks.
Conclusion.
A casual perusal of this classification
may seem a little too elaborate for the
average Canadian shop, but it will be
found on a study of it that it may be
easily applied. In a number of shops
the forging and grinding of tools is en-
trusted to one man who thoroughly
imderstands his business. Many shops
too have shelves for tools and jigs and
they are thrown together in a "hit and
miss" fashion. It will be found to
more than pay for itself if a convenient
system is installed with a man in
charge. The time saved in securing the
jigs and tools will pay his wages and
besides there will be a gain by avoiding
duplication of tools or loss of them al-
together.
Recently a new company purchased a
large machine shop in Toronto where
there was no system of looking after
the tools and jigs. The first work was
to gather up all the tools and rearrange
the machinery. Racks were built and
when the tools were classified it was
found that there were two, three and
even four tools of each kind, costing
from »i5 up. THE INVESTMENT IN
TOOLS AND JIGS MUST HAVE
BEEN ENORMOUS AND COULD
HAVE BEEN AVOIDED BY A LIT-
TLE INVESTIGATION ON THE
PART OF THE MANAGEMENT AND
THE INSTALLATION OF SOME SYS-
TEM FOR CARING FOR AND STOR-
ING THEM.
SYSTEM OF PURCHASING MA-
CHINE TOOLS.
The sytem of purchasing machine
tools, which has been adopted by the
Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad
has invited a great deal of favorable
comment among dealers and manufac-
turers. While it has been the custom of
railroads and other large buyers to have
conunittees which consider and recom-
mend specifications or the purchase of
machinery, the Burlington committere
seems to have more power of initiative
and has adopted a more progressive
policy.
This eommittee made its appearance
in the trade last fall in connection with
purchases for new shops at Havelock,
Neb. The committee visited all the Chi-
cago dealers and made an extensive trip
among the manufacturers soliciting de-
monstrations of machines and all the
practical information that could be ob-
tained from the experts of the manu-
facturers. The results were evidently
satisfactory to the executive manage-
ment of the Burlington system, as the
committee is continuing its work by
carrying through on the same plan oc-
casional pureliases for other shops of
the system.
It seems that for about 20 years the
Burlington has had an "Association
of Operating OflScers," which holds reg-
ular meetings, the chief object of the
association being to promote eflBciency
and to secure general discussion by all
the operating officers of proposed im-
provements. The Tool Committee is a
regular committee of this association.
It has no power to make purchases for
the companj', but it recommends all
purchases of machine tools, and it us-
ually specifies two or more competing
machines before actual purhcase is au-
tliorized or bids invited.
This committee is composed of the
most capable men for its work in the
employ of the company. One member
is the company's "superintendent of
piecework," who travels over the sys-
tem promoting piecework in all the com-
pany 's shops, and at the same time keep-
ing in touch with the progress of shop
efficiency on other railroads and in com-
mercial plants.
The committee has grown into an in-
teresting piece of corporate machinery.
It affords the executive mangement of
the company a safe guide in appropri-
ating money or authorizing improve-
ments, and its successful record has
given the progressive men who consti-
tute the committee a degree of initiative
that is unusual in railroad shop man-
agement. The individual shop foreman
or superintendent often hesitates to re-
commend innovations or improvements,
because a mistake in judgment would be
a set back in his position with his com-
pany which would count more than cre-
dit for successful work. As a result of
this peculiar phase of corporate psy-
chology the foreman or superintendent
is usually content to travel along in a
rut, and when new machines are requir-
ed he recommends those which have
been used in the shop for 10 to 40 years,
without profiting by the progress of the
machine tool industry.
The shop payrolls of railroads in the
United States amount to about $250,-
000,000 annually, while reports show
the expendtiure of only $8,000,000 to
$10,000,000 for shop equipment. There
has been remarkable progress in the
past 10 or 20 years in the efficiency of
locomotives and train equipment, as
well as in track and bridge construc-
tion, but the railroad shop has become
a form of backwater in the stream of
progress in railroad management.
The system adopted by the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy is apparently
throwing light on this problem in rail-
road management. Recently the com-
mittee has disposed of a number of old
machines, which have been replaced by
new tools. Some that were found to
have no commercial value in the market
for used tools have been scrapped. These
are unusual occurrences in the manage-
ment of railroad shops. The committee
has also shown a willingness to recom-
mend the purchase of new tools that
have never been used in railroad shops.
When its members are out on an investi-
gating trip and are entertained by a
machine tool manufacturer or dealer
they show a preference for water, while
their strict attention to business has
occasioned much comment. — Iron Age.
BOOK REVIEW.
Self-Taught Mechanical Drawing and
Elementary Machine Design. — By P. L.
Sylvester, M.E., with additions by
Erik Oberg, associate editor of "Mach-
inery." Published by the Norman W.
Henley Publishing Co., 132 Nassau; St.,
New York ; size, 5x7i ins.; pages, 333 ;
illustrations, 218 ; bound in cloth ;
price, $2.
This l«ook has been written to meet
the demand for an elementary treatise
on mechanical drawing, including the
first principles of machine design, pre-
sented in such a way as to meet the
needs of the student whose previous
theoretical knowledge is limited. The
author's aim has been to adapt the
treatise to the requirements of the
practical mechanic and young drafts-
man, and present the matter in as clear
and concise a manner as possible. Prac-
tically all the important elements of
machine desigrn have been dealt with,
and, besides, algebraic formulae have
been explained, and the elements of
trigonometry have been treated in a
manner suited to the needs of practical
men. In the" arrangement of the ma-
terial, the author has first devoted him-
self to mechanical drawing, because a
thorough understanding of this greatly
facilitates further study of mechanical
subjects, then attention is given to the
mathematics necessary for the solution
of the problems in machine design, pre-
sented later, and to a practical intro-
duction to theoretical mechanics and
strength of materials ; and, finally, the
various elements entering in machine
design, such as cams, gears, sprocket
wheels, cone pulleys, bolts, screws,
couplings, clutches, shafting, fly-wheels,
etc., have been treated. The general
arrangement makes possible a contin-
uous course of study which is easily
comprehended and assimilated even by
students of limited previous training.
Graphite. — The July, 1910, issue of
this house organ from the Joseph Dixon
Crucible Co., Jersey City, N.J., con-
tains several articles of interest to
anyone interested in preservative
paints, as this issue is devoted almost
exclusively, to examples of what their
paints will stand under very adverse
conditions, photos being produced to
verify their contentions. The paper is
a well gotten up house organ.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrjonen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrjrmen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
MOLDING PROPELLERS IN CORE.
By H. J. McCaslin.
A FTER reading Mr. Eastham's article
"^^ appearing on page 60, Feb. issue
Canadian Machinery, — molding heavy fly-
wheels, which gives one a good oppor-
tunity of exercising his imagination as
to how the cores are formed, etc., it
occurred to me that it might be of in-
terest to some of your readers to know
that a similar method is employed in
the production of propeller wheels when
not exceeding 6 or 7 feet in diameter.
This practice when carefully carried
out can be recommended in the making
of test wheels where experimental data
is desired ; also in the production of
metal patterns for standard size wheels,
for it insures that the casting of all
blades shall be as nearly alike as is
practical to make them. Further by a
slight change in the hub of blade pat-
tern and core box the outfit may be
used tor a two or three as well as a
four-blade wheel.
Nor is the method of molding ronfined
to dry sand just because a core box is
used, for by the introduction of a cere
arbor in the bottom or drag half of
core for the handling (f th's part, a
green sand mold may be formed if desir-
ed. However as the method of molding
herewith illustrated is that of a d- y
sand steel mold, or what could be pro-
perly called a cored mold, our discussion
will be along that line.
Fig. 1 shows a cast s!,eftl I(>ri--Mbde
propeller of the throw back design, 6 ft.
6 in. diameter and 9 ft. pitch, with a
chambered and tapered bore through
hub.
In studying the arrangement of. the
core box as shown in Fig. 2, in which
the cores are formed it will be noticed
that the blade pattern is so placed in
the box that the face or working side of
blade is down.
This is done that this surface is more
apt to be free from dirt or other impuri-
ties than if cast in the reverse position.
Attention is called to the hub when
making this part of the pattern, for it
the hub has an extreme swell or bulge
at the centre difficulty may be experi-
enced in its withdrawal from the sand.
For this reason a good practice is to
slab or leave loose the interfering por-
tions above and below that they may be
drawn separately. Making the sides of
the core box in sections as shown will
greatly facilitate the core making— as
this arrangement permits the tucking,
ramming and rodding of the sand to be
done from the side, in place of working
from the top of core box it it be made
entire.
The construction of the box is of little
consequence if rigidity and stability is
embodied therein, that the pattern may
not become misplaced or rammed out of
position.
To further guard against any misplace-
ment which is very apt to occur in
ramming, the patternmaker should get
out and place in the hand of the core-
maker such gauge or trial sticks as he
deems necessary, and also indicate upon
the pattern the point at which they are
to be tried for correctness. Attaching
a support at the tip of the blade as
shown at A is good practice, it will pre-
vent the pattern being rammed down,
the depression left vacant thereby is
easily filled up when finishing this sur-
face.
Making the Drag Core.
The core-maker takes the job in hand
and starts off by placing the lower sec-
tion of core box upon a good level core
plate, placing and securing the pattern
in position and trying it for its correct
location.
As this portion of the core supports
the top or cope part during the drying
and assembling of the mold, care should
be taken that it is well rodded to hold
the sand intact and that the lifting
hooks are so placed as to ensure an even
lift. With a good liberal silica facing
against the pattern this part of the
core is rammed up and a parting along
the edge of pattern arranged.
But before applying the parting ma-
terial (paper preferred) it is well to try
in place the core arbor used in the cope
X—
Seer. X X
Fig. 2 — ^Arrangement of Core B*x.
half to see that it and the parting ar-
rangement conform somewhat, as it is ad-
visable to keep the arbor as clow to the
pattern and parting as possible.
Pig. 1 — Cast steel Four-blade Propellor of Throw-back Design.
tM)
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The Core Arbor.
The core arbor is cast, its formation
consisting of a series of parallel ribs
conforming somewhat to the twist of
the blade at about the point they are to
occupy when in place and connecting two
parallel side ribs.
The outline of the core arbor is shown
in dotted lines in one of the cores, Fig.
3.
The Core Arbor Pattern.
A pattern for the arbor can be easily
and quickly made by setting up the core
box and assuming about the position
where the parting would be made.
Cut out the two side ribs to conform
somewhat to this line and attach them
to the side or ends of the box, in about
the position they would occupy in the
core.
Now cut out the cross ribs to con-
form to the twist of blade at the point
they are to be placed and nail them to
the side ribs. By giving the ribs plenty
of draft no trouble should be experienc-
ed in drawing the pattern from the
sand, but owing to its twisted form it
cannot be made in an open sand mold.
Making the Cope Core.
With the parting arranged and prepar-
ed the silica facing is spread over the
blade portion of pattern and tucked
around hub, and the arbor placed in po-
sition, and blocked up the desired dis-
tance. This part of the core is then
proceeded with by ramming and tucking
down and around the arbor and inserting
rods where necessary to support the
sand.
Provision must be made in two of the
cores for the user heads as shown in
Fig. 3 the runner which comes at the
joint of two cores, and the vent or
flow-ofi at the tip of each blade. This
feature of mold is not exactly necessary
but is often advisable to place them at
such points.
At the completion of this part of the
core the box is removed, the cope half
of core lifted oft and held suspended
while the pattern is withdrawn and
both parts of the core finished and pre-
pared for drying.
The suspended or cope part is care-
fully and accurately placed back upon
the drag halt of core and the whole in-
troduced into the oven and thoroughly
dried.
Before assembling the cores they
should be carefully inspected to see that
no great degree of distortion has taken
place in drying, and that the metal cav-
ity is tree from any dirt or sand.
In setting the cores together as shown
in Fig. 3 upon k good level bed their
spacing should be watched very close,
for however good your cores may be
you cannot depend upon their abutting
surfaces bringing them to their correct
position.
Make gauge sticks and try the cores
at the centre as well as at the outlying
points to assure a uniform spacing.
Cores will invariably swell in the dry-
ing process and a good practice to fol-
low is to always allow a certain amount
of clearance where the cores come to-
gether.
This amount of course would be deter-
mined or governed by the size of the
abutting surfaces, in this case -3-32 of an
inch on each surface would not be found
in excess.
Fig. 3 illustrates the completed mold
ready to receive the weights and the
carrying up of the flow-offs. The aggre-
gation of cores are of course firmly
backed in with sand.
CONCRETE PATTERNS.
By K. Campbell.
Concrete patterns made of simple
conorete and reinforced with steel have
been advocated. One of the men who
believes in them is Joseph Leon Go-
beille, general manager of the Gobeille
Pattern Co., Niagara Falls. N.Y. He
made them in a small way and found
they worked satisfactorily.
With pine wood patterns it was al-
ways an easy matter to figure the weight
of the easting. This could not be done
by putting the concrete pattern on the
scales because no two cubic inches were
>
V
y
6'-
vs^r i>K r^oH' o^^
V\%- 3- Chores Set Together, Complete.
CANADIAN MACHINKRY
61
identical in weiglit. But anotlier me-
thod of measurement was proposed and
has been adopted by the Gobeille Pat-
tern Co., whicli has given the accurate
weight of the casting being obtained.
A square concrete tank was made of
known sui)erticial area. This was filled
with water and a float with a vertical
bar and an easy toggle was rigged u))
to a dial which was marked in pounds
of iron. The decimal for the specific
gravity of cast iron per cubic inch was
known; the concrete pattern was sub-
merged in the tank, the rising float
actuating the pointer on the dial. The
•displacement of water in cubic inches
was translated into pounds of iron on
the dial without figuring and with no
po.ssibility of error.
PIECEWORK PATTERNMAKING.
By Shellac.
Patternraaking by piecework so far
as the writer's observation and exper-
ience goes, is not a common practice in
this particular trade ; as a matter of
fact I have only come across one firm
who successfully operated the scheme.
The firm in question carried on a
large marine engineering and boiler-
making business, and made it a rule
that the work of each shop department
be done on a piecework basis.
It may be as well for me to say here
that they had many years experience of
the application of the system in other
departments before applying it to pat-
ternmaking, it as a matter of fact be-
ing the last to come under the ban, if
I might so speak.
. Marine engine building has always ap-
peared to me as rather a hard proposi-
tion to be tackled on piecework, and in
the case of the firm in question, it was
perhaps more so than ordinary. Their
business practice was not in the tramp
steamer line, where low piston speed,
everything chunky and strong could be
relied upon to gradually find its bear-
ing without much risk and with the
minimum of fitting to begin with. Con-
ditions were rather just the reverse, be-
ing altogether high piston speed, quick
revolution, high pressure, subject to sev-
ere test and inspection and likely to
show up defects such as might be ex-
pected from a piecework system.
Suffice it to say, piecework was and
is still a success in their experience, in-
clusive of pattemmaking.
Marine work of the larger class es-
pecially lends itself I think fairly well
to piecework pattemmaking. Firms who
make a speciality of a particular class
of machinery usually find it to fluctuate
between certain well defined limits of
minimum and maximum size. This be-
ing so and the designs being in all
cases similar, affords an attractive op-
portunity for the exercise o! piecework.
The pattern staff consisted as a rule
of from 30 to 36 men who worked in
squads on the various jobs.
A similar system to that practiced in
a large drawing office where checkers
are employed, was adopted; there being
two pattern checkers who were held re-
sponsible for measuring up the work
when complete, and whose O.K. was the
pass to foundry. Errors of construction,
of course, were pointed out and put
right by the constructors on their own
time. The checkers were paid time for
their work by the firm, being in no wise
sharers of the squad contract money.
No question of the cheapest method
of making the pattern, or of the proper
construction for easy moulding and the
securing of a reliable casting, required
discussion. This as already pointed out
was due to the work being standard
type throughout.
The operation of this pattemmaking
piecework gave satisfaction all round,
the individual members of each squad
earning time and half as against ordin-
ary time rates, and the employers gain-
ing in better delivery and increased out-
put.
Successful piecework pattemmaking
calls for first-class tradesmen, and while
in some cases there would be no ques-
tion of successful outcome, methinks its
general adoption would bear hard on
mqny second-raters.
LEATHER PATTERN ' ' FILLETS. ' ' .
By Beeswax.
Fillets are now used on all pattems
except some very simple ones and are
placed in all corners so that there may
be no sudden changes in the direction of
the metal. The leather fillet has almost
altogether superseded beeswax and other
material for the purpose.
Leather fillets can be bought from 1-16
inch up, the illustration showing a few
(1) Kemove surplus glue with a sponge
or rag dipped in hot water. The hot
water in the outer glue pot may be used
where an electric glue pot is not used.
Care must be taken not to wet the pat-
tern more than absolutely necessary.
When glue is removed dry the parts that
have been wet.
(5) When dry sandpaper in the usual
way.
Do not use nails or tacks as they
draw the fillet and make an uneven sur-
face. Sometimes castings have their
neat appearance spoiled by carelessness
in inserting the fillet. In a number of
cases that have come under obser-
vation this has been due to nailing the
fillet in place.
MOTOR CAR BEARING METAL.
According to the '^Foundry," a for-
mula for a first-elass tin babbitt, suit-
able for severe service, such as street
ear motor bearings, can be made as fol-
lows: Melt 435 pounds of Banca tin in
a babbitt kettle and throw on the sur-
face, finely powdered, soft coal. While
the tin is melting place a clean crucible
in the brass furnace and charge therein
25 pounds of copper; when red hot, add
14-pound soda ash, a little salt and sev-
eral handfuls of charcoal. Permit the
copper to melt and to become hot, then
add 114 pounds of bright tin plate, in
small strips. Do not drop in all the
tin plate at once, as when it becomes
hot it will ball and weld together and
will, therefore, be in such a condition
that it can only be melted with diffi-
culty. Add the tin-plate strips as gradu-
ally as possible, and stir between addi-
tions, so that all the iron is melted, and
to insure this, it may be necessary to
superheat the copper for a short time.
Then add G ounces of sulphur, stir thor-
oughly, after wiiich add .^5 pounds of
.V few Sizes of Leather Pattern
of the sizes. They are pliable and are
very quickly and easily applied.
The following system should be fol-
lowed to obtain best results from leath-
er fillets:
(1) Cut to length and lay face down-
ward on a board.
(2) Brush the glue over it easily. Use
a good quality glue. For iron patterns
use shellac varnish.
(3) Rub into place using a stick cut
the shape of the fillet.
antimony, and when disssolved, with-
draw the crucible and pour the contents
into the melted tin, stirring as much aa
possible, meanwhile.
IS THIS TO BE YOUR HISTORY?
"Out of the chaos of mediocrity he
came, up through the murk of the foun-
dry, the clangor of the machine shop;
up by brawn and brain to the Superin-
tendent's chair." — Fiitrelle.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Elstablishnient or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.
rOITNDKY AND MACUINE SHOP.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The Can. Nor. Ry. are
preparing to g|>enil $30,000 in extending their
■hops here. The plans call for an addition
of six or eight locoinutire stalls, and also
additions to the shops.
VANCOUVER, B. C— A well-known Mon-
treal structural steel concern contemplate the
erection of a branch steel and iron plant to
supply the western trade. They have secured
several options, chiefly on the Fraser river,
near Port Mann.
GUELPH, ONT.— The Canada Gate Co. will
locate here, and erect a plant to manufacture
iron gates. They have secured temporary
premises until their factory Is completed.
HAMILTON— The Oliver Chilled Plow
Works Co. will spend ft'OO.OOO here this spring
enlarging their plant. They have taken out n
$200,000 permit for buildings to be erected
Immediately.
MONTREAIy— The Wilson Brothers Motor
Co. has secured supplementary letters -patent,
changing its name to the Motor Import Co.
of Canada. The company Is the Canadian
representative of the celebrated Franklin air-
cooled cars, and of the well-known Hudson,
Thomas and Knox cars.
GODERICH, ONT.— The American Road
Machine Co. of Canada, have made arrange-
ments with the Hamilton Machinery Co. to
sell their entire output, and will now give
their undivided attention to their manufac-
turing bnsiness.
KINGSTON, ONT.— The North American
Smelting Co. have purchased a site and will
erect a lead smelter to treat the ore from
their mines in Loughboro Township.
RIDGETOWN, ONT.— F, Eberle, of Mor-
peth, has taken over the machine agency
lately conducted by W. Wilson.
PORT MANN, B. C— The B. C. Steel Co.
will establish a $10,000,000 plant here, and
construction will begin this spring. French
capital Is behind the undertaking.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C— The Drop
Forge Xlannfacturlng Co. will erect a tool
factory here this spring and will employ 100
men. They will turn ont all kinds of tools,
including chisels, hammers, wrenches, etc.
$125,000 Is being Invested as a starter.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The Board of Control has
accepted the tender of Thomas Lawson & Co.
for castings. $3,215 per 100 pounds.
CANORA, 8ASK.— A. Anderson and D. Gib-
ney will commence the erection of a machine
shop here early In the spring. A consign-
ment of machinery Is already on hand.
EDMONTON. ALTA.— Commencement has
been made by the Edmonton Iron Works, on
a contract covering Ave years, to manufac-
ture 1,000 plows per year, from the Rountree
patent. Special machinery for the manufac-
ture of the plows is being installed.
NORTH BAY. ONT.— Fire damaged the C.
P. R. car repair shops here recently, to the
extent of $1,000.
EXETER, ONT.— Connor Bros, have ac-
quired a site and will erect a factory here
to carry on their machine business. It is
their intention to go more extensively Into
the manufacture of air-cooled gasoline en-
gines.
WINDSOR, ONT.— Windsor has secured two
more Important industries, the Canadian
branch of the Maloney Electric Co., and the
plant of the Canadian WInkley Co., a branch
of a Detroit concern. The Maloney Co., which
manufactures electrical machines, will build
a $10,000 plant at once, while the WInkley Co..
manufacturers of brass goods, will erect a
$10,000 plant some time this year.
MONTREAL, QUE— The Canada Ford Co.,
of Montreal, has secured the contract for the
supply of the electric cars re<iuired for the
street railway system to be established by
Reglna as a municipal enterprise. The com-
pany Is having the cars manufactured at the
works of the Brush Co., In Loughborough,
England. This Is the first time an Engllsli
street car has entered the western Canadian
field, and It Is probable that as an outcome
the company will establish branch works in
Montreal for supplying the Canadian market.
MONTRE.^L. QUE.— The "Belgo-Canndlan
Steel, Ltd.." has been granted a charter, with
an authorised capital of $.'i..'>00.000. The chief
business will he general foundry work.
OTTAWA. ONT. — It Is announced that o
■teel plant will be erected here by American
and Cnandlsn rspltal'sts. They have pur-
chased a site in the Bayswater district and
will build In the spring.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— The Lumby-Sten-
houae, Ltd., of this city, have opened a new
plant, a foundry and machine shop, where
anything in iron or brass castings can be
made.
SACKVILLE, N, B.— The Charles Fawcett
Manufacturing Co. contemplate making ex-
tensive Improvements In their foundry plant
this year.
BRANTFORD, ONT.— The gales here dur-
ing the recent storms proved disastrous to
several Industries. The Ham & Nott Manu-
facturing Co. place their loss at $1,500. The
company is putting up large additions to its
works, consisting of a molding shop, ma-
chine shop, etc. The roof of the machine
shop was partially demolished, while the
molding shop la a wreck.
HESPELER, ONT.— Frank Roelofson has
purchased the castings, tools, patterns, un-
finished stock, etc., of the defunct Parkin
Elevator Co.
KEGINA, SASK.— The Regina Tractor Co.
win erect a plant here, at a cost of $100,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— Mr. Robinson, of the
Imperial Machine Co., of London, Eng., and
New York, is here supervising the equipment
of the Canadian factory and office for the
manufacture of their patented machinery. The
Toronto factory is getting equipped with a
view of completely manufacturing every part
of their machinery for the Canadian market
with Canadian material and labor.
KINGSTON, ONT.— The Wilbur Iron Ore
Co. have made arrangements for the construc-
tion of a large concentrating plant here. The
cost of the plant will amount to between
$75,000 and $100,000. The company will open
up offices In the city on March 1st.
LONDON, ONT.— The directors of the Lon-
don Street Railway have decided to put in a
new steam plant.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C— Work will
soon be commenced on the plant of the West-
ern Steel Corporation, on the Fraser river
site. The corporation has purchased 300 cars
of Iron ore.
TILLSONBURG, ONT.— The Maple Leaf
Harvest Tool Works are running to their full
capacity at present, and cannot supply the
market. The company Intend doubling their
capacity and largely extending their present
plant.
TILLSONBURG, ONT.— The McCrea Foun-
dry, purchased recently by the English Arm
of Taskell & Ormerod, is devoted almost ex-
clusively now to the manufacture of gaso-
line engines. The firm hopes to soon rebuild
the foundry, replacing the frame building
with a brick structure, and otherwise improv-
ing and enlarging it.
WESTMINSTER, B. C— Several Pacific
coast steel and coal capitalists, representing
the British Columbia Steel Co., are making
application at Ottawa for a charter for the
establishment of a $10,000,000 steel plant near
here.
HALIFAX, N. S.— The I. C. R. has been
asked to re-open the mechanical workshops
here, closed some time ago.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Jollette Steel and
Iron Foundry Co. have opened offices nt 371
St. James St. here. They will manufacture
various classes of iron and steel castings.
The president of the company Is S. Vessot, of
.Toilette, and the vice-president, A. Baillot, of
this city.
VICTORIA, B. C— "Warden King, Ltd."
has been granted an extra-provincial com-
pany license.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The corporation shops
here were recently damaged to the extent
of $5,000.
LONDON, ONT.— The London Foundry Co.
Intend erecting a large addition to their foun-
dry here.
MONTREAL. QUE.— In view of the amount
of large orders received, the Dominion Bridge
Works are contemplating large additions to
their plant here.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C— A. Gold-
berg, of the Vancouver Junk Works, has
purchased a site at Steel City, from the West-
ern Steel Corporation, with two hundred feet
of waterfrontage, immediately below the site
of the proposed steel works. His plant is
to be one of the many subsidiary companies
tfi the steel works.
PORT MANN, B. C— It is announced that
the C. N. R. have decided to erect their B. C,
car shops here. Several shipments of steel,
supplies, etc., are already here.
MONTREAL— The Y. M. C. A. will erect a
$300,000 building here on Drummond St
ST. BONIFACE, MAN.— Q. M. Ellis Is con-
templating the erection of a $1,250,000 auto-
mobile factory here. If erected, 1,400 horse-
power win be required in connection with
the machinery. Mr. Ellis has secured an
option on 30 acres of land east of the Seine
river, to be used as a site for the proposed
building.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The Government has ex-
tended invitations to all the leading British
and Canadian shipbuilders to Inspect the
plans and put in tenders for the ten new ves-
sels of the Canadian navy, namely, four Bris-
tols and six destroyers of the latest Improved
type. Following the rule of the Admiralty,
the tenders are not being advertised, as de-
tails have to be kept secret, and only firms
in whom the Department has confidence will
have access thereto. It Is stipulated that all
the vessels must be built in Canada. The
tenders, which must be in by April next, will
be gone over by the experts in the Naval
Department. In sending out these Invitations,
the Department has been strictly impartial,
no distinction nor discrimination whatever be-
ing made between party firms.
CHATHAM — A new foundry is being open-
ed up here for making grey Iron, brass and
aluminum castings, by the Ideal Foundry Co.
Thos. Woods, of the Buhl Iron Co., Detroit,
and Chas. Woods, of Chatham, are in charge
of the foundry.
OTTAWA— A report states that the G. T. E.
have extensive plans for the rebuilding of
their shops here.
WESTMINSTER JCT., B. C— It Is report-
ed that the C. P. R. Intend establishing round-
houses, freight sheds and car shops in Co-
qultiam, near here. It Is also understood
that the C. P. R. plan to electrify their line
between Westminster Junction and Vancouver
and between the Junction and New West-
minster.
PORT MANN, B. C— As announced In a
previous issue of Canadian Machinery, the
C. N. R. shops will be erected here. About
500 men are clearing land for the C. N. K.
LINDSAY— Tne Sylvester Mfg. Co. has been
re-organlzed. J. B. Tudhope, Orlllla, will be
associated with the new company.
ELECTRICAL NOTES.
CALGARY. ALTA.— Tenders will be re-
ceived until March 22 for one 1,500 K.W. turbo
generator set, with condenser, etc, one 10ft
K.W. exciter and switchboard, complete, three
1,000 K.V.A. single-phase transformers, 12,00ft
to 2,300 volts, with switching gear, etc. W. D.
Spence, city clerk.
FREDERTCTON. N.B.— Notice Is given that
at the next session of the legislature applica-
tion win be made for the Incorporation of a
company to be called the St. Leonards Elec-
tric Co. The object of the company is to
carry on n general lighting business In the
parish of St. Leonards, Madawaska Co.
VICTORIA, B.C.— Certificates of incorpor-
ation have been Issued to the "Alhernle Dis-
trict Electric Light and Power Co.," "Con-
solidated Electric Heaters, Limited," "Cran-
brook Garage Co." and the "Llllooet Power
and Light Co."
TORONTO, ONT.— The "Electrical Mainten-
ance & Repairs Co." have obtained a charter.
TORONTO, ONT.— The "Ross Motor Car
Co." have obtained a charter.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The "Canada Electric
Co." has been dissolved.
MRRRITT, B.C.— The electric lighting plant
here has been completed and has a capacity of
1.150 lights. Provision has been made for ex-
tensions.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— The Knralnlstiquia
Power Co. have decided to double the capacity
of their plant owing to an excessive Increase
in business.
PORCUPINE CITY, ONT.— The Syrames-
Timmons Co. has a contract to develop 3,000
horsepower here. They are erecting dams
and putting up power stations on the Matta-
gaml river. Fifteen teams are now employed
In drawing in machinery, wire and cement
with other material for the works. It Is ex-
pected that <he contract will be finished by
.Tune 1.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
«3
BRUSH
PRODUCTS
MOTORS
o
Generators
Fans
o
u
►J
u
BLOWERS
Arc Lamps
Quartzlite
2
TURBINES
<
High Speed
CO
Engines
~7— — .aA'i .'
Alternator for Rope Drive
in Textile Mills and other
INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS
For reproductions of our
various types of
TURBO
Generators
Write for our new
bulletin : —
BRUSH ELECTRICAL
MACHINERY.
400JK.W. Turbine Driving two 200 K.W. Direct Current Generators
CANADA FORD COMPANY
and at Winnipeg
MONTREAL
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.
64
CANADIAN MACHINERY
THE SIBLEY HI-SPEED
^ISf^^Btt^lKKtBk^^wSS A Drilling Machine
'^^aSKK'^tl^y of medium size
^^^L 1 which drives high
^^M speed drills at their
^EJI fastest feeds and
^S^^^
t^^M speeds, in any
'^^
Model A.
^^^ For high speed
I drills up to one
inch in diameter.
■
■5*|^_ ' " _
■t-"''BB'\'^> For high speed
H^^^^^^^g drills up to one
^^MH^^^^V and one-quarter
E^^^ inches in dia-
K^^^H meter.
SIBl YY MACHINE TOOL CO.
CHURCH LANE. - - SOUTH BEND, IND.
The advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement — tell him.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
65
MONTKKAI.. QI'E. -Acconlliig to recent
<?stiinHte8 the St. Linvrence. as :i whole has a
oaparlty of ten million horsepower, and the
Ottawa Uiver. 2,37r.,0OO, most of which Is at
present undeveloped.
KINGSTON, ONT.— The municipal light
plant made a net profit of $18,000 in ];)10, the
largest surplus In years. lOlt'ctrlcity was pro-
iluced at 1.01 cents per kilowatt hour, a re-
duction of a quarter of a cent over I'MI. Gas
was produced at i'.l cents per 1 000 cubic feet.
In 19011 it cost 47 cents.
HA.MILTON. ONT.— The report of the Dom-
inion Power and Transmission Co. showed a
pu>sperou8 year. The assets of the company
are $li>„'i5!),247. and It has to the credit of
proHt and loss $1,019,089.
MONTREAL, QUK.— Flans will be ready by
the end of March for the new power house for
the Saraguay Co. They Include specifications
for two steam turbines of 4,. "500 maximum
h.i>. capacity each, boilers and general equip-
ment.
LONDON. ONT.— The C.P.K. are making
improvements in their yards here. An up-to-
date round house Is I)elng constructed in the
east end yardi. A large amount of the finest
machinery will be installed and power will be
obtained from the city.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— Ontario capitalists are
behind a scheme to erect a power plant at the
reversing falls of the St. John.
CALGARY,, ALTA.— The city will submit
a by-law calling for an expenditure of .$380,-
000 on electric light extensions, Including the
erection of substations for receiving hydro-
electric power from the Calgary Tower Co.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— Formal application
has been made to the Dominion Government
by the city of Edmonton for power rights on
the Grand Rapids on the Athabasca River.
I'lans filed with the application show a max-
imum power if all the dams are built of 60,-
OOO horsepower. Edmonton hopes to interest
the Government in a hydro-electric scheme.
If this is Impossible the city hopes to be able
to reserve rights until able to build the plant
and distributing power Itself.
RENFREW, ONT.— Engineers of the Hydro-
Electrlc Commission have visited the upper
lakes of the Bonnechere River looking for
sites for dams for storage purposes. The
town is expending $150,000 for power develop-
ment.
OTTAWA, ONT.— It is estimated that the
expense of developing and utilizing tlie Trent
River powers by the Electric Power Co. will
be a sum in the neighborhood of $15,000,000.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The Diamond Motor
Co.. Calgary, capitalized at $10,000, has been
incorporated.
WINNIPEG. MAN.— The Winnipeg Electric!
Railway Co. has let the contract for their
new power plant to the Canadian General
Electric Co. The plans call for a rated
capacity of 12,000 horse power and a maxi-
mum capacity of 17,000 horse power, ready
for delivery by August 1. next. The generator
will be driven by Curtis turbines, and the
equipment will be installed in four units of
3.000 kilowats each.
ST. BONIFACE. MAN.— The E, B. Reese
Engineering Co. has secured the power con-
tract here for a period of ten years, beginning
Dec. 31, 1912. The price for power is to be
$18 per h.p. np to 3,000 h.p. and over 3,000 h.p.
and under 4,000 Is to be reduced 25 cents per
h.p. for all power used; and for every addi-
tional 1.000 h.p. used the price Is to be re-
duced an additional 25 lents. After 15.000
h.p. is used the price is to be $15 per h.p.
New Companies.
MONTREAL. QUE.— Willi.inis and Wilson,
Limited, have been incori>orated to do a gen-
eral business in manufacturing, buying and
selling machinery and machinists' supplies.
A. R. Williams, merchant, Toronto; P. C.
\* llaou, merchant, W. A. Wilson, barrister,
M. B. Bronstetter and E. Kingsland, sales-
men, all of Montreal. Head office here.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— The St. George Pulp and
Paper Co.. of Hudson Falls, N.Y., capital
.$4I'0,000, are applying for Incorporation in
New Brunswick.
TORONTO, ONT.— Standard Chemical Iron
and Lumber Co., of Canada, Toronto, Incor-
porated, capital. $0,000,000. Incorporators, .T.
Wood and T. W. Lawson, barristers, both of
Toronto.
MONTREAL. QUE.— Belgo-Canadian Steel,
Limited, Montreal, Que., incorporated, capital
$.5.50,000. Incorporators, E. Van Acker, im-
porter; A. Menager, engineer; F. A. Beique,
advocate, and L. .7. Beique, all of Montreal.
HAMILTON— The Climax Good Roads
Machinery Co.. Hamilton, Incorporated, capi-
tal $40,000. Incorporators, .1. Robinson, manu-
facturer, W. J. Robinson, drug clerk, both of
Hamilton. Ont.
WINNIPEG. MAN.— The Winnipeg Steel
Granary and Culvert Co.. capitalized at $100.-
OOii. has been incorporated to manufacture
corrtigatetl steel products, chicfiy for rail-
roads and municipalities. They will have a
plant here and a branch at Reglna. Incor-
porators, L. Crossen anil 1'. Clarke, both of
Cobourg, Ont.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The "Central Canada
Iron and Steel Corporation," capitalized at
$.500,000, head office here, has been incorpor-
ated. They will carry on the business of iron
masters, steel nmkers, steel converters, smelt-
ers, engineers, iron founders, etc., and deal
in plant, machinery, implements, etc.. and
construct bridges, furnaces, saw mills, hy-
draulic works, electrical works, shops, etc.
G. V. Cousins and O. B. MacCallum, barris-
ters, S. T. Mains, accountant, P. P. Brown,
secretary, W. R. Ford, clerk, all of Montreal.
BROCKVILLE, ONT.— The "Brockvllle Con-
struction Co.,'.' capital $100,000. has been In-
corporated here. This company will require
machinery, tools, engines, boilers, plants,
implements, patterns, rolling stock, etc.
OTTAWA. ONT.— The "Canadian Quarrle*
and Ciinstruetion Co." capitalized at t2,000,-
000. has been incorporated with head office
here. They will carry on the bUHluess of
engineers, foundrymen, machinists, tool-mak-
ers, boiler-makers, etc.. etc. J. Black, broker.
R. T. Mullln. barrister, both of Montreal;
S. Bllsky. Jeweller, O. C. Hurdman. lumber-
man and J. O. Carss. barrister, all of Ottawa.
08HAWA. ONT.— The .Matthew Ouy Car-
riage & Automobile Co.. of Oshawa. the out-
growth of the Iong-pstabllsbe<l carriage busi-
ness of that name has been Incorporated with
$2.50,000 capital stock. It will produce a 'M
horse-power touring car and a one-ton truck.
MUNICIPAL..
CARLETON PLACE, ONT.— The council U
getting Information concerolni; the proposed
waterworks system to be establlsbed here.
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Establlthsd 1862
WELLAND, ONT. — The water commission
has secured a water power privilege on the
east side of the canal and will build a large
modern waterworks plant. A 3.000,000 gallon
pump and an electric auxiliary power plant
will be installed.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The city Is submitting
by-laws to the ratepayers calling (or the fol-
lowing expenditures: Incinerators, $120,000;
asphalt plant, $20,000; conrtnlt system, $00,000;
waterworks extensions, $245,000; service con-
nections, $40,000; electric light, $380,000; anrt
Are station, $75,000. Total $940,000.
VANCOUVBH, B,C. — The civic authorities
have presented nn application for water rights
on Seymour Creek covering the establishment
of a storage system on the stream which will
enable the installation of supply mains cap-
able of fully meeting the demands of the
population of Great Vancouver in the years
to come.
NORTH BAY, ONT. — A new electric pump
win be Installed at the waterworks In the
near future.
VICTORIA, B.C. — Plans for the extension
of the sewer system are being prepared by
the engineer. The ratepayers will probably
be called upon to authorize an expenditure of
$250,000.
LONDON, ONT,— The Springbank pumping
station will be equipped with electric ma-
chinery by the first week In March, There
will be two pumps with a capacity of 3,000,-
000 gallons each. The synchronous motors
will be of 250 h,p. capacity. The Installation
of the electrical machinery means that the
steam plant at Springbank will be done away
with. . ,
CAMROSE, ALTA. — The municipality Is in-
stalling a new waterworks and sewage sys-
tem.
NORTH PORTAL, SASK.— The C.P.R. have
decided to solve the water problem here; and
during the coming summer will Install a
pumping plant to cost $50,000.
QUEBEC, QUE.— The city is making a
strong bid for a big shipbuilding plant, one
which is prepared to undertake the con-
struction of the largest warships. Hugh
Russel Is acting for the company enquiring.
He desires to establish yards here, so as to be
able to tender for the new ships of the Cana-
dian navy. It was decided to offer an ex-
emption from taxes for 20 years, as well as
a liberal bonus should the company locate
here.
PRINCE RUPERT, B.C.— Surveys have
been completed here with a view to forming
plans for the proposed new waterworks.
SCOTSTOWN, QUE.— A by-law providing
for a new sewerage and waterworks system
will be submitted to the ratepayers on the
(ith of March.
OTTAWA, ONT. — The waterworks commit-
tee has awarded the tenders for supplies for
the year. It Is estimated that about $5,000
worth of piping, castings, brass, oils, etc.,
will be required. The tenders accepted were:
Cast Iron pipes, A. W. Fleck, representing the
Canada Iron Co., $11,583.40; special pipe cast-
ings, the Canada Iron Co., $2.70 per cwt. ;
hydrants, Chaudlere Machine Co., $38.50 each;
oils and grease, Capital Warehouse Co., $390.-
50; valves, Chaudlere Machine Co., $1,148.15;
lead pipe, McKlnley & Northwood, $1,801.10;
brass, Robt. Mitchell & Co., Montreal, $1,915.-
50.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Prominent business
men here are urging the city to Instal a
municipal gas plant. This Is the result of
the high present rate, namely $1.20 per
thousand. The city will probably decide to
do so, seeing that the electorate voted $700,-
000 for a gas plant in 1904.
TORONTO, ONT.— The city will, shortly,
float a loan for one million dollars to meet
the cost of installing the hydro-electric sys-
tem. So far $700,000 has been spent upon the
system within the city limits; this was se-
cured by local loans. Two years ago the city
secured authority to Issue debentures for $2,-
750,000 for the Installation of the system.
VANCOUVER, B.C. — The announcement Is
made that the $400,000, voted for the water-
works extension. Is Inadequate and another
by-law will be submitted In the near future
asking for $223,000.
VANCOUVER, B.C.-— City Clerk McQueen Is
calling for tenders for the supply of brass
goods for the waterworks department.
OWEN SOUND IRON WOBKS, LIMITED
OWEN SOUND/ ONT.
Cement Mill Maohlnery, Boiler and Steel
Tank Work of all kinde, Crey
Iron and Brass Castings
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Perfected
QEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Ruchlng end PleiiiDg Machinery.
BOURNET & BLANCHARD
Machinists and Tool Makers
ALL IINDS OF WORKS AND REtAlIS
MANUFACTURERS OF GASOLINE
MOTORS, DIES AND PUNCHES
Opposite the Post Office. LACHINE. QUE.
ERNEST SCOTT
145 BLEURY ST, - MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool-maker
Dies for sheet metal work. Stampines and
light manufacturing;. Special machinery
designed and made to order.
The PABMENTEB BULLOCH CO., Ltd.
GANANOQUE, ONT.
Iron and Copper Rivets, Iron and Copper Burrs,
Bifurcated and Tubular Rivets, Wire Nails
Copper and Steel Boat and Canoe Nails,
bacutcheon Pins, Leather Shoe and Overshoe
Buckles, Felloe Platea.
Do Your
Tumbling
In a Globe improvetl
Tilting Tumbler and
get finest results
quickest and cheap-,
ml. It is made in six
sizes for all porposes
for wet or dry work.
"GLOBE"
Dies and Stampings.
Special Manufacturing
Contract Work.
If you want to get
an interesting little
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for ■' THE SIL-
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THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.
sag Hamilton Street, Olaveland, 0.
Canadian Agent :
H. W. PETRIE, Front St. W., Toronto. Canada
Oil Tempered
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Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
— Special styles
all kinds to order.
of
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRIIK CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
67
OTTAWA, ONT.— A by-law may be sub-
mitted to the people shortly to authorize the
expenditure of JlltS.OOO for waterworks pur-
poses. For the completion of the work on the
aqueduct $150,000 is needed and over $40,(X)0
is required for water main extension on the
Glebe.
Saw Mill and Planingr Mill Xews.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— A local syn-
dicate, said to be representing a company of
English capitalists, have acquired n large site
near here and intend erecting a saw mill to
cost over $1500,000 and employ several hundred
men. Names of the purchasers are not ob-
tainable.
DALIIOUSIE, N.B.— Chappell Bros., of Syd-
ney, N.S., will likely erect large saw and
planing mills here. They are asking certain
concessions and public opinion Is in their
favor.
LADNOR, B.C.— The saw mill of the Jervis
Inlet Lumber Co. was destroyed by Are re-
cently. Lass, $20,000. It was fully covered
by Insurance and will be rebuilt.
FREDERICTON, N.B.— H. Holland has ad-
ded a third boiler to the equipment of the
Robinson saw mill at Lower St. Mary's. He
also added 84 feet to the mill chimney which
was previously 80 feet high.
SODRIS, P.E.I.— B. Creamer's planing mill
Is burned out.
SUMMERSIDE, P.E.I.— The planing mill of
M. F. Sehurmnn & Co., here, was burned out.
WOODSTOCK, N.B.— ,T. A. Hayden's saw
mill has been burned. No Insurance. It will
be rebuilt.
ST. .JOHN, N.B. — P. Mackay has been ap-
pointed liquidator for the "Neplslquit Lum-
ber Co.," manufacturers of lumber and
shingles.
NORTH VANCOUVER, B.C.— J. J. McDon-
ald, who has for the past few years managed
the Bnrrard Sash and Door factory, has sold
out his Interest in the business to Medcalfe &
Suiter.
BOISSEVATN, MAN.— The Rat Portage
Lumber Co. have bought the T. Taylor Lum-
ber Co., here, for $20,000 and are now In con-
trol.
TORONTO, ONT. — An order winding up the
Belding Lumber Co., East Toronto, has been
granted by .Justice Sutherland. G. T. Clark-
son Is named interim liquidator, and a refer-
ence Is directed to the Master In Ordinary.
The company's nominal stock Is $40,000. The
assets are placed at $18,000, and the liabilities
at $20,000.
SHERBROOKE, QUE.— C. F. Haseltlne Is
putting in a fine new steam saw mill. He
expects to have It in running order in March.
GALT, ONT.— P. W. Gardiner & Son have
decided to erect two more anrtitlons to their
planing mill plant here, one Immediately to
enlarge the glue room.
PITCOX. ALTA.— Walsh Bros, and Addy
have purchased through Stewart Bros., at
Penhold. a complete saw mill, planer, etc., and
a 32 h.p. traction engine which they have in-
stalled nine miles west of here.
LETHBRinGE. ALTA.— The Western Can-
ada Lumber Co. have opened a yard at Medl-
cln Hat and also at this place. They will
erect here a large shed 100 x CO feet.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— The Koksilah Lumber
Co., of Vancouver I.sland, has been incorpor-
ated.
NEW WESTMINSTER. B.C.— R. H. Pogue.
of the Royal City Planing Mills, this city, has
Invented a saw protector, to prevent work-
men from InUiry. It is a metallic hood with
a traveling shutter on each side, which drops
to the surface of the board irrespective of its
size or formation.
REVELSTOKE. B.r.— The Dominion Saw
Mills Co. have begun operations on the build-
ing of their new office structure here. The
building will be two and a half storeys and
modern in every respect. It will be steam
heated. The company expect to take poses-
sion bv the end of May.
BEULAH, N.B.— M. .Tones and E. Vanwart
have purchased the Palmer saw mill at Ten-
nants Cove, and have begun operations.
RAINT RIVER, ONT.— Seventy-flve car-
loads of machinery for the mills of the Shev-
lln -Clark Co. have been ordered and a crew of
men have started to build a spnr into the
company's property here from the main line
of the C.N.R.
Genrral Manafartnring.
VICTORIA. B.C.— The "Ideal Manufactur-
ing Co." Is among several extra-provincial
companies registered.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— A factory for the
manufacture of automobile tire covers and
treads will be opened in Winnipeg on April 1
by the Triple Tread Manufacturing Co.
PRESTON, ONT.— The Canada Buffalo
Sled Co. will secure a factory here and manu-
facture boys' wagons and steerable sleighs.
The firm is a combination of the Buffalo Sled
Co. and Werllch Bros., of this place.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The "Western Manu-
facturing Co." have been Incorporated here,
with a capital stoik of $250,000. They will
deal chiefly in lumber, timber, building, con-
struction, etc. C. M. Boyton, K. T. Ferguson,
H. Llllie, G. Murray and K. Siderfln, law
clerks, all of this place.
ST. .JOHN, N.B.— K. M. McCarty, of thlH
city, is promoting a concern which proposes
to establish a $500,000 cement Industry here.
They propose to erect a modern cement manu-
facturing plant with a capacity of 1,200 bar-
rels per day.
TRENTON, ONT.— The Canadian Button
Co., organized recently, will erect a factory
here in the early spring. A carload of ma-
chinery has already arrived. A. A. Ullyot is
general manager. At present the company Is
working ill temporary premises here.
GANANOQUE, ONT.— Work at the Ontario
Wheel Co. has been resumed, the new build-
ings having been completed and the machin-
ery Installed.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— The machin-
ery for a large brickyard at Cloverdale has
been assembled and the promoters of the new
Industry hope to be turning out brick early
in April.
PETBOLBA, ONT.— The Shuttleworth Co.,
Tile manufacturers, contemplate a large addi-
tion to their plant here.
FREDERICTON, N.B.— The Chestnut Canoe
factory here will be greatly enlarged.
LINDSAY, ONT.— It Is generally conceded
that operations will be re-commenced In the
Rider & Kitchener factory here. They will
manufacture excelsior exclusively.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The "Cotton Prints
Co." have acquired a site and will erect. In
the early spring, a cotton converting works
for bleaching and printing cotton fabrics. It
is understood that the machinery is already
ordered or at least its manufacture Is being
considered. The plant will be furnished with
electric power and will be up-to-date in every
particular.
MONTREAL, QUE. — The Western Manu-
facturing Co. are erecting a large factory at
the corner of Duluth and MItcheson St.
WELLAND, ONT.— As reported In last
month's issue, the Canadian Automatic Trans-
portation Co. will build a factory here, 150 x
50 feet. Sufficient stock has been sold to
make the undertaking a certainty and ground
will be broken In early spring.
TILLSONBURG, ONT.— The Canadian Cer-
eal and Milling Co., which bought the Tlllson
Mills about a year ago, are improving and
enlarging their plant. The output at present
is about 1,200 barrels a day and about BO
men are employed.
TILLSONBURG, ONT.— The Borden Con-
denser Intends extending Its handsome build-
ings this spring to about twice the present
capacity. It is understood that the extension
will be about forty feet on the west side of
the present factory and sixty feet on the east
side.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The Cardiff Collieries
of Morinville are installing a new plant at the
mines and Increasing the output. They will
spend $100,000 on the plant.
MOOSE JAW, SASK.— The Moose Jaw
Blacksmith and Carriage Repair Co. is the
name of a new local co-operative company
recently formed here.
MITCHELL, ONT.— The Hill & Co. bridge
works firm have closed a number of contracts
for bridges and the outlook for the coming
season is bright.
Bnildinff Notes.
MONTREAL. QUE.— Holt-Renfrew Co. have
purchased a site and will erect a large cold
storage plant here. It will be a six or eight
storey building equipped with the latest
plant and machinery for the cold storage of
furs. etc.
MONTREAL, QUE.— Henry Birks & Sons
will, shortly, erect an office building 90x130
and several storeys high, on the corner of
Union Ave. and Cathcart Street.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Colonial Heal Es-
tate Co. will erect a ten storey sky scraper
on St. Catherine St. The building will be of
reinforced concrete faced with terra cotta.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Homoeopathic
Hospital on McGIll College Avenue will be re-
built this year at a cost of $100,000.
SASK.\TOON, SASK.— A, Bowerman is con-
templating the erection of a $140,000 business
block here. It will be of reinforced concrete,
modern In every respect and fireproof.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— The C.P.R. Is planning
to spend more than a million dollars on
terminals here.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The Pembina Coal
Co. have set aside $1,000,000 for development
purposes on their property near Entwistle.
PRINCE RUPERT. B.C.— The Pacific Coast
Construction Co., of Victoria, has secured the
contract for the depot of the Marine Depart-
ment for a sum approximating $200,000.
m
Face Plate Jaws
New features Include extra large icrews,
double thrust bearings and special
methods of attaching, permitting their
use on vari'<ns-slzed face plates.
II
Ends polnieu at an angle of 46 degrees
so that four Jaws will fit close together
at centre. Sizes 4-ln. to 14-ln.
Boring Mill Jaws
As in the face plate jaws, screws are
larger than nsunl, thrust bearings are
double and Jaws are wider, heavier
and better supported'. Made in all
steel or with grey Iron base as de-
stre<I.
WIITB FOI 1911 CATALOGUE OF IHriOTEO
LATHE CHIICHS.
S. E. HORTON MACHINE CO.
WINDSOB LOCKS, CONN., D.SJl.
(Not the E. Morton & Son Co.) ^
B 11
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
Wehave the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & CO.
HESPELER, ONT.
68
CANADIAN MACHINERY
■* •"■* .f*"V ■''•' ■•'>> I'ri-'-"-*-'*-! • (-' *>\
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON,
ENGLAND
Beg to announce THE OPENING on
October fifteenth, 1910, of their new
Canadian Headquarters, at 24 Adelaide St. W., Toronto
in charge of
MESSRS. PARKE & LEITH, General Agents for Canada
A Large Stock of Aluminium in all the Commercial Forms will
be kept — Wholeaale and Retail.
Jessop's Best Tool Steel
Jessop's "Ark" Higli-speed
is yet unexcelled for cutting tools
of all kinds, and for general
Olppl gives marvellous results
— heavy cuts — at rapid
machine-shop use.
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JESSOP & SONS, Ltd. Sheffield, Eng.
Reid Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods Chas. L. Bailey
St, John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
Good, Clean Castings
depend largely upon the facing used. At least, you can't get good castings with poor facings
DIXON'S
FOUNDRY FACINGS
help to make the Uind of castings that require least cleaning and that are free from hard spots,
blow holes, etc. WRITE FOR FREE BOOKLET 223-S.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY
JERSEY CITY, .... N.J., U.S.A.
AnniHjr other operations the work consists of
t'l-ectluj; work shops, power house, ete.
.MOXi'UKAL, QUE.— The nominion Express
Co. will erect a ten-storey office l)loek on St.
.lames St. It will have a suli-liaseuient given
up to tlie machinery used iu running the
lieating. ventilating ami ice-niakiug plants.
W. S. Maxwell, of this city, is tlie architect.
GKOKGETdWN.— The Georgetown Coating
Paper Mills have erected a large plant which
is now In operation. L. B. Fleck is manager.
STRATHCONA, ALTA.— Recent develop-
ments indicate that 1". Burns & Co. will, no
doubt, erect their .fl.OOO.OOO packing plant
here.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Gowans-Keut Western.
Limited, are liullding a flue new eight-storey
structure here on Market St. Carter-Halls-
Aldlnger Co., builders, have the contract.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— J. J. Hill announces
that he will build a $1,000,000 depot here for
his Great Northern. Northern Pacific and
.Midland Railway.
CALGARY. ALTA.— .7. Walker will erect an
eight storey business block here this spring.
It will have two passenger elevators and
pliunbing. heating and ventilation of the
most modern type. Cost, $175,000.
TORONTO, ONT. — It has been announced
here that a big paper mill will be erected
at Espanola at a cost of $1,000,000 by the
Spanish River Pulp and Paper Co. Work,
will soon l)e started and It is planned to get
it in operation by Oct. 1. The mill will have
a capacity of 100 tons of paper daily, and the
pnlj) will be supplied from the present pulp-
rnaklng plant, which has a capacity of 125
tons dally. Tenders are now being called for
the buildings, and the machinery has been
ordered frorii firms in Canada and the United
States. The whole paper plant will be under
one roof and the building will be about 525
feet long.
LONDON, ONT.— The C.P.R. will expend
;ihont $250,000 here this summer. A station,
ninndliouse and yards will be built immedi-
ately. All, the wooden bridges between Tor-
onto and Windsor will be replaced by steel
ones.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— Plans are being pre-
pared for an eight-storey business block at
the corner of Hastings and Main St. It will
be of mill construction.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The C.P.R. will build
a $1,000,000 hotel here. Other Improvements
■ ind extensions here bring the total cost up
lo $.5,000,000.
.MONTREAL. QUE.— The Gillette Razor Co.
will erect a $100,000 factory on Alexander
Street here.
VICTORIA. B.C.— Tlie Dominion Trust Col
will, shoitly. erect a six-storey building here
at a cost of $135,000.
ESQUIMALT, B.C.— WorK will be started at
once on the construction of the B.C. Marine
Railway Co. dr.vdock here. As it Is being
built in consideration of tlie future require-
ments of the Pacific naval station, it is more
than probable that (he Pacific Fleet of Can-
ada's Navy will lie built here. The local firm
is making every effort to secure the contract.
It will be nOO ft. by 100 ft. and cost $S,0OO,00O.
SASKATOf)N. SASK.-.T. P. O'Leary, of the
Montreal firm of Brown and Vallance. archi-
tects, has announced the letting of the con-
tract for tlie huge (1-storey hotel here to the
firm of CarterHalls-Aldinger Co. The mater-
ial used In the construction will be terra-cot-
ta and Menominee brick. The structure will
have a highly ornamental front and will have
both freight and passenger elevators. Coat,
$:!oo.ooo.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Provincial Architect
Ilotiper is preparing plans for new govern-
ment buildings to cost approximately .$.S,000,-
000. Tills incUnles the new Asylum at Bran-
don, a new agricultural college and new legis-
lative buildings.
TORONTO. ONT.— The C.P.R. are extend-
ing their freight and passenger facilities
within the clt.y at a cost approximately $7,-
000.000. The plans Inclnde a new passenger
depot and freight yard at North Toronto,,
freight sheds rind yards at Christie Street.
George Street. Queen's Wharf, Parkdale and
West Toronto, with a freight delivery yard at
the corner of Bloor and Dundas Streets. There
will also be a new office building of several
storeys at the corner of King and Yonge
Streets, plans of which are not yet c^implete.
COLLINGWOOD. ONT.— The Northern
Navigation Co. will [ilace an order for an-
other passenger and freight steamer to cost
about .$(100,000. The plans will be prepared,
tenders asked for from Canadian yards, and
the contrn<i awarded In sufficient time to per-
mit of the laying of the keel in .Tuly or
August next.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— F. D. Boucher will
erect an eleven-store.v apartment house here
at a cost of ip.'iOO.OOO.
ST. .lOHN. N.B.— Scovill Bros., Limited, in-
tend erecting a modern five-storey building
here. A passenger elevator will be installed.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
m
EDMONTON. ALTA.— R. TeBli'i- l« callliig
tenders for a six-storey $100,000 building here.
SASKATOON — A representative of the J. I.
Case Co., of Ravine. Wis.. Is here to pur-
ihase a site for a wurehouse. The bulldlnj
will be one storey high, and 400 feet by :;50
feet
VANCOfVKH. B.C.— "Lester Conrt" is the
name of a palatial building to be erected here
at 11 eost of iflOO.lMX). It will be of first-class
construction, and tlre))roof steel frame rein-
forced concrete. It will be lighted with elec-
tricity. This is the first of a series of build-
ings to be erected by A. ,T. Paterson Co..
BRANDON, MAN. — The provincial govern-
ment will erect a $50,000 normal school here
on Tenth Street. A manual training depart-
ment Is included.
GDELPH. ONT. — The new cold storage and
packing plant erected by Chas. W. Barber
win he in operation In a short time. It Is of
stone, concrete and wood. The building Is
28 X 08.
STR.\THCONA. ALTA.— I'. Burns & Co.
will erect a new million and a half dollar
packing plant here. The big firm has ac-
quired au additional 27 acres adjoining its
present site.
EDMONTON. ALTA.— The G.T.P. will con-
struct two tunnels and 24 bridges on the
branch line south of Edson, to serve the Im-
mense coal areas in the Brazean country.
MONTUE.\L. QUE.— The C.P.R. has been
granted a pernilt to erect freight sheds on
Lacroix Street to cost from ?««.000 to $100,-
000.
PRINCE ALBERT, SASK.— The Modern
Automobile Co. will erect here. In the spring,
a fireproof brick garage. 50 x 130 feet. It
will be one of the most up-to-date garages
In Western Canada. Repairs of all kinds
will be undertaken.
FORT WILLI.4M, ONT.— The Swift Cana-
dian Co. will erect a 4-storey cold storage
plant here this summer at a cost of $75,000.
TRADE NOTES.
HAMILTON— The Hamilton Machinery Co.
will handle the entire output of the American
Road .Machinery Co., Goderich ; the Canadian
sales end of the Keystone Smooth Bottom
Corrugated Steel Sewer Pipe Co.; Interstate
Automobile Co., Muucil, Indiana. They will
handle concrete machinery, wire fence, rein-
forced concrete wire, mining machinery, etc.
They will open branch offices in all the large
Canadi.iu centres.
MONTREAL— The Simonds Saw Co., who
have a branch factory here for the manu-
facture of hack saws, etc., have constructed
a new steel mill at Lockport, N.Y., the first
steel being roiled on January 2.
MONTREAL — The Harbor Commission have
installed a new Schumacher & Boye 20-in. in-
stantaneous gear machine lathe in their
works here. This machine was purchased
from Foss & Fuller.
MONTREAI, — Jos. Lacroix, patternmaker,
72 Wellington Street, Montreal, has started,
work on the construction of his new shop at
143 Wellington Street and will move into his
new quarters about May Ist.
The Smart-Turner .Machine Co., 101 Barton
St., Hamilton, report the following recent
orders for their pumps : Canadian Axminster
Carpet Co., Hamilton; Rainy River Lumber
Co. ; Canada Screw Co.. Hamilton ; Lever
Bros., Toronto; G. T. R., Allandale; Gunns
Ltd., Toronto; Great Lakes Dredging Co.,
Port Arthur; Steel Co. of Canada, Hamilton;
and Otis Fensom Elevator Co.. Hamilton.
These pumps Include several types designed
by the Smart-Turner Machine Co.
MONTREAL.- Ernest Muller, of Schuchardt
& Schutte, New York, paid a visit to their
Canadian headquarters here, recently.
WELLAND.— The Quality Beds, Limited,
have Installed a No. 28 Collian Cupola manu-
factured by Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit.
Gillette Company to Bnild.
The Gillette Razor Co. have purchased a lot
of land on the corner of Dowd & Alexander
Streets. Montreal, 100 feet frontage on St.
Alexander and 7S on Dowd. They will build
here a five-storey fireproof building of mush-
room construction. Work will be commencwl
on the Ist of May next, and will be rushed
through as soon as possible.
Foss A Fnller, Montreal.
In a recent issue of Canadian Machinery
reference was made to Foss & Fuller. Mon-
treal, a new machinery agency. This firm Is
now dissolved. Geo. F. Foss continuing the
business under the name of Foss & Fuller.
Their offices and warehouse at 32!) St. James
St. are being enlarged to take care of their
business wlii<-h is increasing.
Winnipeg Industrial Campaign.
Se<Tetary Roland of the Winnipeg Indus-
trial Bureau and Controller Waugh of the
city gcivernment. started on an Industrial
Inquiry trip early in the month. AdvloM re-
ceived from them Indicate great Interest In
Western Canada among manufacturers In the
United Slates and give assurance that Winni-
peg will soon receive great accessions to her
Industrial growth. Among the Industries
which will soon be established in Winnipeg
Is a process for making textiles from flax
straw, which Is produced so largely In the
West and which now is wasted by burning.
International Harvester Company.
Many Improvements have been nuide at the
Hamilton works of this comi)nny. These Im-
provements add to the capacity of practically
every department at this works, and consist
of a paint shop building. 72 x 95 ft., four-
storey and basement, of mill construction,
and an addition to the gray Iron foundry
building, 82 x 200 ft., of brick and steel con-
struction ; a new mill room building, 142 x
150 ft., two storeys and basement, of brick
and mill construction; an extension to the
wood shop building. 81 x 100 ft., and a new
mauufacturing building, 72 x 305 ft., four
storeys and basement, of mill construction.
A new warehouse In two sections, respective-
ly, «4 X 119 ft. and 100 x 119 ft., four-storey
and basement, of brick and mill construction,
and a new office l)ull(ling. two storeys and
basement, 60 x 103 ft., have also been con-
structed.
Oliver Chilled Plow Works.
The Oliver Chilled Plow Works have called
for tenders on an assembling imilding. three
storeys and basement. 90 x 400 feet, of steel
and reinforced concrete, the cost of which Is
estimated at about $200,000. as provided for
In the original plans. This will shortly be
followed by the erection of the malleable and
gray iron foundry. 135 x 576 feet, one storey,
and plans will be prepared for the other
buildings as rapidly as possible. The forge
and machine shop is already In operation, and
the power house will be finished by the middle
of the month.
Windsor's New Industries.
Windsor has secured two important indus-
tries, the Canadian branch of the Malonev
Electric Co.. St. Louis, and the plant of the
Canadian Winkley Co., a branch of a Detroit
foncern. The Maloney Co. which manufac-
tures electrical machines, will build a $10,000
plant in the city's factory district at once,
while the Winkley Co., manufacturing brass
goods, has bought a site In the west end of
the city, and will erect a $10,000 plant this
year. The by-laws granted exemptions to the
two companies.
Coke Ovens of Soo Corporation.
The by-product coke oven plant which H.
Koppers, Jollette. 111., has been building for
the Lake Suiierior Corporation, at Sault Ste.
Marie. Ont., Is completed. No. 1 battery of
55 ovens is now ready aud will soon be pro-
ducing coke. The brick work on No. 2 battery
of ,55 ovens is all completed and will be ready
to produce coke in a month.
Goldsehmldt Thermit Co. Calendar.
The 1911 calendar recently issued by the
Goldshmidt Thermit Co., 90 West Street, New
York, contains a useful map of North and
Central America. Several repairs are illus-
trated and the application of thermit to mar-
ine, foundry and railroad uses. Is given. The
folder is 20 X 38 Inches. The Canadian agen-
ly is 109 Richmond St. West, Toronto.
New Tube Works at Montreal.
The construction of the Canadian Tube &
Iron Co.'s works is progressing very favor-
ably. The buildings consist entirely of steel
and reinforced concrete, making them entirely
fireproof and no expense is being spared In
the purchase of modern machinery an<l e(iulp-
ment to enable the company to manufacture
at the lowest possible cost. The capitalization
of the company is $1,000,000, all common
stock, which has been subscribed for private-
ly. The officers of the company are as fol-
lows: J. W. McConnell, president; .Tames L.
Waldle. vice-president and managing director:
-Mbert H. Hough, sales manager and director:
William .Moslcy.. works manager and director;
Herbert Worrail. secretary-treasurer. Direc-
tors:— Wm. Molson Macpherson, Dr. Milton L.
Hersey. H, A. Lovett, K.C.
The buildings are now nearing comple-
tion, and It is expected that the company will
start manufacturing early In the spring. The
works are situated on a large tract of land
which has been obtained by the company at
Cote St. Paul, Montreal.
Canaillan General Electric Enlarglnir.
The Canadian General Electric are plan-
ning to erect a large lamp factory and new
offices In I'etertioro'. The lamp factory will
be 60 X 125 ft. and will cost $-250,000.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
83 Front St. W., Toronto
PAN Q «"d SUPPLIES
For RAILWAYS. TRAMWAYS, Etc.
Old Material Bought and Sold"
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
^ALL KINDS-^
Difficult Core Work a Specially
Mi^h Grade • Righf Price* • PrompI' Delivery
SAT/S^^CTV^y WORK QUAKANTe/rD
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
i56 CATMtRINt STRttT NORTH
HAMILTON , ONT
FOR
Tall kinds or machine '
WORK. MADE IN
WOOD. BRASS
'WHITE METAL OR IRON
' by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN W0RK5
87 Jdrvi55t.ToroRto .Canada
-!7^
^bfei^i^HXMrt?!^;^^
b.>fe-?-v^.^;..^-:
70
CANADIAN MACHINERY
No More Leaky Joints
when everv pipe joint in the plant is a Dart Union.
DART UNIONS
simply cannot leak. They are made in two bronze-
seated sections which meet in a ball joint that can be
made with almost incredible speed whether pipes are in
or out of alignment. They are impervious to corrosion
or any other form of decay. Made in the Screwed Type
for pipes up to 2^ inches and in the Flange Type for
pipe 2V^ inches and larger.
See Them at Your Dealers
Dart Union Co., Limited, Toronto, Can.
DfES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W. H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
CATALOGUES.
Caleiidnr — The city of Winnipeg has sent
out ii large onlendnr fenturlng that place as
tlie hub of industry, to which ail roads lead.
It was very cleverly arranged, and contains
a handy Index of information, relative to
Winnipeg, aptly termed, "an open book of
opportunity."
Friction Clutches. — The Dodge Mfg. Co.
have issued a 16-page catalogue describing
Dodge split and solid clutches. The econ-
omic features are dealt with and the con-
struction of the clutch Is given In detail. A
two-page taliie shows the sizes manufactured
togetlier witli full information in regard to
h.p. transmitted, speed, face of pulley, cost,
etc.
Chain Drive. — Jones & Glassco, Montreal,
have published an interesting folder giving
approximate comparative costs of electric
power using belt and chain drive. In a list
of Canadian towns given, the saving per use-
ful horse-power per year by using chain in-
stead of belt varies all the way from %2A'2
in Toronto up to $12.38 In Calgary. In this
comparison It Is pointed out that the calcu-
lations are based on the maximum efficiency
(80 per cent.) of belt drive but the minimum
efficiency (95 per cent.) of chain drive.
Milling Machines. — The Garvin Machine Co.,
Spring and Variek streets, New York City.
Circular No. 142 contains a description of the
Nos. 14 and 15 vertical spindle milling
machines for machining castings which re-
(juire tlie finishing of surface joints. No. 143
refers to the use of the No. 3 duplex milling
niailiine. one of the special advantages of
which is the finishing of two sides of the
work perfectly parallel at the same time.
Electric Welders. — A handsome calendar of
35 pages on coated paper, size 6x9 inches,
from the Toledo Electric Welder Co., Cin-
cinnati, describes their various types of elec-
tric welding machines. One of these welders
is shown embossed on the front cover, mak-
ing a very attractive cover design. Several
pages are devoted to "Electric Welding
.Machines — What they can do and how they
do it." The last few pages are devoted to
valuable data for use in connection with
welding machines and shop practice.
Book Review.
"The Effect of Keyways on the Strength of
Shafts," by Herbert F. Moore, has Just been
issued as Bulletin No. 42 of the Engineering
Experiment Station of the University of Illin-
ois. This bulletin records the results of tests
made to determine the relative strength of
solid shafts and shafts with keyways. Various
sizes of shafts were tested and for each size
of shaft the weakening effect of keyways of
several proportions was determined. Tests
were made on shafts subjected to twisting only
and on shafts subjected to twisting and bend-
ing at the same time. The results show that
the weakening effect of keyways of the usual
proportions upon the strength of shafts Is
considerable, a square keyway of the usual
size causing a reduction of about one-sixth
In the strength of the shaft. Formulas and a
diagram are given for determining the effect
of keyways of various proportions. The effect
of keyways for the Woodruff system of key-
ing Is discussed. The results of the tests are
summarized In a table showing the power
which can be transmitted by various sizes of
shafts with keyways of usual proportions.
Copies of Bulletin No. 42 may be obtained
gratis upon application to W. P. M. Goss,
Director of the Engineering Experiment Sta-
tion, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
The Mechanical World Pocket Diary and Tear
Book for 1911.— Twenty-fourth year of pub-
lication. Size, 4x6 In.; pages, 423. Bound in
cloth. Price, twelve cents, net. Published by
Bmmott & Co., 65 King Street, Manchester,
England.
In presenting this yearly revised engineers'
pocket-book, some 32 pages have been added,
and by carefully revising and condensing,
space has been provided for the Introduction
of a large amount of new matter. Among the
special features of this edition are a lengthy
section on the shapes, speeds and feeds of
cutting tools with supplementary sections
dealing with milling cutters and twist drills.
The section on standard screw threads Is en-
tirely new, and that dealing with screw cut-
ting has been extended considerably. Other
new sections deal with high speed steel and
the constructive details of gas engines.
Several additions have been made to the
tables of weights, measures, etc., and a new
table of steam fittings and tables and data
on marine boilers, rlvetted joints, etc., are
Included.
The Safeguarding of Machinery in Industrial Plants
The Importance of Safeguarding Machinery was Pointed out at a Recent Meeting of the
American Societji of Mechanical Engineers When. John Calder gave a Paper Discussing
the Nature and Incidence of Industrial Injury, its Prevalence and High Rate, and the
Present General Desire for better Conditions of Safety. It Analyzes the Chief Causes of
Injury as Revealed from a Study by the Author of a Large Number of Verified Casualties
and Recommends Practicable Measures Calculated to Reduce the Present Num,erous Fa-
talities and Injuries. It Discusses in Particular the Important Services Which the
Mechanical Engineer, both as an Executive and Constructor, can Render in Exercising
his Ingenuity to Avoid Industrial Accident. The Paper Contains a Number of Practical
Safeguarding Illustrations from the Field of Machine Building, Equipment, Installation,
Transm,ission Plant and Especially Dangerous Machines and Processes, and Concludes
with Suggestions for Administrative and Remedial Precautions.
'pHE subject of accident prevention
■* is now coming to the front on that
wave of Immanitarian consideration
which is noticeable everywhere. On its
educational and sentimental aspects me-
chanics, foremen, superintendents, man-
agers and proprietors have had their in-
terest awakened to some extent by the
work being done by manufacturers of
safeguards and by manufacturers gener-
ally realizing that every workman laid
aside from work means a break in the
organization, and hence a decreased ef-
ficiency in the shop.
The principles of safeguarding and
safeworking in industry should be as
much a part of the economic education
of the young engineer and the future
(and present) .shop officials, as those of
efficiency. The scientific study as a mat-
ter of course and the solution by the
mechanical engineer of individual prob-
lems of safeguarding, supervision and
instruction of employes as they arise
in their daily routine will do more than
all other existing agencies to bring about
satisfactory results.
It is believed that, by proper super-
vision and precautions in all plants and
Fig. 2.— An inefficient Guard.
industrial processes and the cultivation
of greater care by operatives, at least
one-third of the present annual sacrifice
of life and limb can be prevented.
The Cause of Accidents.
The word "accident" in relation to
industry is not specifically defined by
any statute, but it has the popular sig-
nificance of any unforeseen and usually
sudden occurrence which results in bod-
ily injury to any person while present at
the work place or even within the boun-
daries of the employer's premises. The
injury, to be reportable as an accident,
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Fig. 1. — Influence of Daylight on Accidents.
need not arise out of or in connection
with the employe's assigned duties. It
is the fact of injury, not the cause,
which generally makes an accident re-
portable under the labor laws to the
civil authorities.
In analyzing many thousands of indus-
trial accidents, the following have been
found to be the chief causes: Ignorance,
carelessness, unsuitable clothing, insuf-
ficient lighting, dirty and obstructed
workplaces, defects of machinery and
structures, and absence of safeguards.
In current popular comment on the
wastefulness of life and limb in our in-
dustrial regime little regard is paid to
the facts underlying accident, but well
considered action must be based solely
on these of which some account follows:
In spite of ample facilities now aflord-
ed to all for the acquisition of some
knowledge of mechanical principles, some
superintendents, a number of foremen,
many operatives and not a few manag-
ing owners of smaller plants, have been
found to be grossly ignorant of the
nature of the forces and mechanical ar-
rangement which it is in their power
either to control or to set free with re-
sulting danger to themselves and others.
Sometimes combined with ignorance,
sometimes sheer thoughtlessness, folly
or horse play, carelessness by operatives
stands highest as a cause of industrial
accident from the results of which no-
thing external can do much to shield the
worker and those whom he sometimes
involves. It is the experience of the
author that the American workman is
easily first in taking foolish and wholly
unnecessary chances with his life and
limbs; chances which in no way add to
his efficiency or his earnings. The main-
tenance of strict discipline in the shops,
the adoption of salutary punitive meas-
ures and the firm elimination of the
dangerous employe is all that can be
done, in addition to a campaign of edu-
cation throughout the plant.
Accident is caused at many machine
parts which are necessarily exposed
near the operator, and with which he
would never come into dangerous con-
tact but for unsuitable or neglected
clothing. The ragged sleeve ends, loose
ties and open jackets of untidy machin-
ists have again and again been wound
upon seemingly trivial parts in motion
and through the powerful effect of coll
Fig. 3. — Properly Protected Oean.
friction have inflicted frightful and often
fatal injuries.
Insufficient lighting is a cause of num-
erous accidents, particularly serious and
fatal falls. A maximum of accidents oc-
curs towards the close and beginning ol
each year, that is during November,
94
CANADIAN MACHINERY
December and January, the months of
minimum daylight. Fig. 1 shows the
seasonal distribution for three succes-
sive years of about 700 deaths annually
from industrial accidents, which were
reported with other injuries from an
area embracing 80,000 plants of varying
extents.
The intensity of artificial lighting at
the cutting point of tools, and on very
limited machine tool or bench areas is
rU^^-—---^.
n.r-»HE£L HCatMUMD
Fl«. 4.— Good Wire Screen Protection for
Driving Wheel.
frequently far above actual require-
ments and a source of much physical
discomfort, while all around the operat-
or a semi-darkness prevails which has a
blinding effect and is a source of dang-
er.
The Possibilities of Safeguarding.
The absence of safeguards closely con-
cerns the mechanical engineer, who holds
the possibilities largely in his own
hands. In many cases of injuries to op-
eratives caused by the absence of a pas-
sible safeguard, it will be found that it
has been removed, or rendered ineffective
by the employe for lack of si:pu vision
in such matters or that protection has
never been provided. Safeguarding ab-
sent at one machine is sometimes actual-
ly afforded elsewhere under the same
roof and the accident is due to the op-
eration of the principle that what is
permitted to be everybody's or any-
body's business is in daily life nobody's
business. The safety engineering of no
plant should be left to the haphazard
initviti'e of a number of individuals.
Consideration of what the mechanical
engineer can contribute to this end na-
turally falls into two divisions: (a) the
efficient safeguarding which he may de-
sign as an integral part of the machine
tools and other apparatus and (b) the
safeguarding which he may later devise
and supply as the mechanical engineer
or executive of plants using power ap-
paratus and other equipment capable of
inflicting injury.
Machine Btiilder and Safeguards.
Numerous instances might be cited of
the vague notion expressed in some cur-
rent machine designs that anything
which looks like a cover for a part of
a machine necessarily constitutes in
daily service an efficient safeguard;
sometimes no regard is paid to the ac-
tual direction of rotation or to reversal
of motion or to the necessity ii using
the tool for frequently removing a
clumsy cover which is as likely as not
to bu left off permanently. The real
points of danger in daily operation I'.eed
to be studied before a satisfactory pro-
tection can be provided.
Punches and Presses.
Punch and press machinery probably
ranks next to wood-working tools in
frequency of accident, though usually the
operative escapes with less serious in-
jury. The mechanical engineer cannot
be too careful in seeing that these tools
are in good repair, particularly the ac-
tuating gears. Automatic roll-feeds,
sub-presses, magazine, hopper, gravity
Fig. 5. — An Automatic Screen Guard for
Press.
slides, and push slides feeds, have done
a good deal to eliminate the dangers of
feeding such presses by hand but much
work already blanked must still be
handled in this way in subsequent punch-
ing and pressing operations.
The increasing use of compressed air
in mechanical industries permits of light
pieces being blown off the die at the end
of the operation by a cam-operated blast
properly directed and timed. Fig. 41.
The ordinary spring ejector serves the
same purpose for heavier work. Yet
there are many punches and presses run-
ning to-day without the efficient safe-
guards here illustrated and even where
they are to be found the principles are
not carried out consistently at .ill neces-
sary places.
Fig. 4 is an example of a convenient
flywheel guard, ordinarily locked in po-
sition, which the author arranged for a
large series of small bench power press-
es worked by females. Provision is
made in it for the tool setter having
ready access for moving the flywheel by
hand without detachment of the safe-
guard and resulting failure to repliace
it. The work in this machine is fed in
by a push-slide and removed by a cam-
actuated air blast. Fig. 5 shows a form
of press guard, which is timed to des-
cend upon the operator's finger, if in a
position of danger, and secure their
withdrawal before an accident occurs.
Emery wheels, grindstones and other
abrasive tools when over-speeded or
when strained or shocked while in mo-
tion within the limits prescribed by the
maker, sometimes burst with great
violence and spread death and serious
injury in the path of their flight. Var-
ious methods for confining the wheel
fragments to the machine casing or at
least rendering their velocity harmless
have been worked out and some of these
are illustrated in Fig. 6. In all of them
ample side clearance between the wheel
and its casing is a primary requisite.
Durability and Identification of Safe-
guards.
Safeguards, where at all possible,
should be constructed of metal to secure
durability. Reinforced steel mesh work
is preferred for all but the heaviest
machinery. It is superior to guards of
opaque material since it permits easy
inspection without detaching the safe-
guard and interferes as little as pos-
sible with lighting conditions. In steel
mills, foundries and heavy work plants
of various descriptions, where the wear
and tear of equipment is very great, no-
Flg. 6.— Safety Adjustable Hoods for Disc
and Face Grinders.
thing but strong castings or steel plate
work should be used for the majority of
the guards. It is a good practice to
have all safeguards readily distinguish-
ed by painting the body of them Ver-
million and the reinforced edges black.
This allows executives to detect at a
glance in going through the shops, a
displaced or defective guard, such parts
being often small in area, in inconspicu-
ous places, and liable to be overlooked.
Twist Drill and Other Internal Cutting Tool Practice— II
By K. Campbell ■ i i
Modern Shop Practice has Developed Various Types of Tvjist Drills, Reamers, Counter-
Bores, Etc., Greatly Increasing the Capacity of the Machine Using These Small Tools.
The Breakage of Tangs Form,erly Caused a Great Loss, But This has Now Been Elimi-
nated by Modern Practice. Part I Appeared in the March Issue and Dealt with Drilling in
General, Some Types of Drills, Sharpening, Speeds, Shanks, Tangs, Etc. This Article
Gives Some Additional Information on Drills, Drill Grinders, Etc., and also Deals with
Reamers, Counterbores, Etc., the Information Being Secured from Manufacturers, from
Various Technical Publications, etc.. May Therefore be Relied upon as Accurate.
FOR accurate drilling the grinding is
very important as was pointed out
in the March issue. With a view to ob-
taining a true cutting edge, machines
have been placed on the market to se-
cure this desired end. Figs. 15 and 16
show the form given to the lip of a drill
by the Sellers grinding machine. The
axis y-y of the cone is inclined to the
axis b-b of the drill, and also lies in a dif-
ferent plane as shown in Fig. 16, thus
giving the cutting edge of the drill the
necessary clearance, which increases to-
wards the drill point as will be readily
seen. The shape of the end of the drill-
lip is part of the surface of a
right cone, the axis of which will be
coincident with the cone to be ground.
If we assume the cone shown in Figs.
15 and 16 to be a grinding wheel re-
volving about the axis y-y with the
drill point held against it as shown, the
surface of one lip will evidently be
ground to the desired conical form. To
produce this shape of drill-lip in prac-
tice, it is not necessary to grind in the
manner just described ; that is, by hold-
ing the drill against a conical abrad-
ing wheel, which revolves. An emery
wheel having a flat surface, tangent to
the theoretical cone required, will grind
the same shape if the drill be made to
swing about the axis of the cone.
Twist Drill Grinding Gauge.
In the March issue of Canadian Ma-
chinery a drill gauge was shown and its
usefulness pointed out. In a recent
issue of the American Machinist a sim-
ple gauge which may be easily made,
was shown. The gauge is made of three
pieces, two of which are riveted to-
gether and form the stock. See Fig. 17.
The stock is machined at its upper end,
prior to the riveting, to form a slide
for the actual angle gage ; it also has
a V machined along its straight side.
The drill to be tested is laid in this V
and the angle gage is then adjusted un-
til its two angular edges make contact
with the cutting edges of the drill, as
it lies in the stock, then the drill is
rotated a halt turn ; it now, the two
cutting edges make contact with the
angular edges of the gage it will at
once be obvious that its two cutting
edges are of the same length as each
other, and that the angle at which they
are inclined to the axis of the drill is
the same for one edge as for the other.
It follows from this, that the point of
the drill will be central with its axis.
High Speed Drill Speeds and Feeds.
Fig. 10 in the March issue for carbon
drills. Fig. 18 and 19 are for high
speed drills and are taken from a paper
read before the Institution of Mechani-
cal Engineers of Great Britain. Fig. 18
gives the r.p.m., teed per revolution,
cu. ins. removed per min., and h.p. when
drilling cast iron with high speed steel
drills. Fig. 19 shows the same items
when drilling medium hard steel with
high speed steel drills.
These two tables are recommended by
drill makers tor ordinary shop use.
There is no general agreement among
the makers of high speed twist drills
as to what the cutting speed should be
for ordinary shop practice. Some de-
crease the speed with the increase ol
diameter of drill, some recommend the
reverse, but most makers advise a con-
stant periphery speed throughout.
Special Drills.
Fig. 20 shows an end mill with centre
cut. They are made to run right and
left with a Morse taper shank. These
end mills are useful where it is desired
to cut into the work with the end of
the mill and then move along as in
cams, grooves, etc., as the teeth are
sharp on the inside, and thus cut a path
out from the first entering point. They
are also useful in taking heavy cuts, es-
pecially in cast iron. They are made
from i in. to 1| ins. in diameter and
to cut from 1 in. to 2\ ins. in depth.
Fig. 21 shows some cored holes in flat
cast iron plates to be reamed. For
this it is best to use a short twist drill
ground on the sides gradually tapering
to the point. When reaming holes in
structural shapes which are similar to
Fig. 21 after punching, a three-fluted
reaming drill is used.
Steel Reamers.
Reamers are now being made with
high speed blades so that for this class
of cutting, tool the advantage of the in-
creased work is obtained without the
disadvantage of high cost. To get a solid
reamer, high speed steel blades have
been brazed to a soft body in the man-
ner illustrated by stages in Fig. 22. A
body of soft steel is grooved and fluted
and bars of the required steel are then
inserted in the grooves and secured by
indenting the metal forming the adja-
cent front wall in a series of light in-
dentations, a, by means of a punch, and
forcing the blades into the bottom of
the grooves, after such identations have
been formed, by placing in a vise, or by
other means. These indentations have
the effect of forcing the metal into very
close contact with the blade, retaining
the blade in position by the trictional
contact of the metal of the shank with
the blade. Binding wires are then plac-
ed around the tool to retain the bfades
during the brazing and hardening oper-
m
CANADIAN MACHINERY
atioa. After the tool has been heated
to the proper point for hardening the
steel, and the whole has been treated
with a proper flux and solder, it is
cooled so as to secure the proper hard-
ening of the steel and the setting of the
spelter to form a bond between the
blades and the head. When the tool is
heated with the retaining wires around
it the wires will become expanded, so
that they do not serve to retain the
blades very securely during the heating
the amounts given in the following list
taken from "Machinery," will give good
results ranging in diameter from i to i
inch. For reamers over | inch diamet-
er, a drill 1-64 inch less in diameter is
The following is a table of feeds
taken from "Machinery" and is for
Fig.
-Holes to lie Uei\med for Straight
Bolting.
3
generally used, and this would leave
from 0.012 to 0.015 inch to remove on
the diameter, as it is obvious that a
drill will cut slightly larger than its
nominal size.
Diameter of hole pre-
Diameter of reamer vious to reaming
in inches. in inches.
Fig. 17.— Twist DrUl Grinding Gauge.
and brazing process ; but when the tool
is cooled the binding wires will be
cooled first and will consequently sharp-
ly contract and force the blades to the
3-16
i
5-16
3.
0.120
0.182
0.242
0.302
0.368
Fig. 20.— Left Hand End Mill.
bottom of their seats before the spelter
sets. The tool is then cleaned and
ground to finish.
Reamer Feeds and Speeds.
It is always advisable not to have
any more material than possible to be
removed by a reamer. For general work
There are various reasons for the inef-
ficient working of a reamer, some of
which are the following:
1 . Chattering, which results when the
teeth are evenly spaced or of an equal
number.
2. Chips clinging to the teeth, which
action results when high periphery velo-
cities are used and insufficient clearance
given.
Fig. 22. — Stages In making a reamer with
hrnzed high-speed steel blades.
reamers made- from high-speed and car-
bon steel.
Diameter of Brass Rod
3. Expanding and contracting of
hole which is caused by too great
feed and insufTicient clearance on
cutting edges.
4. Enlarged and tapered hole due
holding the reamer rigid instead
floating.
the
a
the
to
of
Reamer
in inches
i
3-16
i
5-16
i
7-16
9-16
A
8
11-16
13-16
i
Feed
per revolution
0.007
0.008
0.00!)
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.020
Machine Steel
Feed
per revolution
0.004
0,004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
1
*
8
4
5
6
7
8
M
u
tr.
>
1
»-
u
sl=
1-
Q.
•SJS
1-
0
Revolutions pe
Minute
k
1
go -0 1*
•2.2 «
II
0.0075
Cubic Inches rem
per Minute
1.715 rf>
a
a
a
a
8
X
1
l£ Q lo
|i|
X 3 F
0.2H
785
0.87
0.29
0.005
0.29.'5
1.092
0.875
490
0.0086
0.462
0.485
0.0055
0.4405
0.954
0.5
868
0.0094
0.682
0.58
0.0059
0.686
0.862
0.76
245
0.0109
1.17
0.87
0.0066
0.8766
0.748
1.0
184
0.0119
1.715
1.16
0.007
1.167
0.681
1.26
147
0.0129
2.82
1,45
0.0078
1.4.'i7
0.628
1.5
122
0.0186
2.92
1.74
0.0078
1.748
0.598
1.75
105
0.0144
8.63
2.08
0.0081
2.088
0.568
9.0
92
0.0150
4.82
2.82
0.0084
2.828
0.B89
S.26
81.7
0.0166
6.06
2.61
0.0086
2.610
0.519
9.5
78.5
0.0162
5.82
2.9
0.0089
2.909
0.500
8.76
66.76
0.0167
6.6
8.19
0.0091
8.199
0.486
8.0
61.8
0.0172
7.4
8.48
0.0098
8.489
0.472
8.26
56.5
0.0176
8.22
8.77
o.oo9.^
8.78
0.46
8.5
62.6
0.0181
9.06
4.06
0.0096
4.07
0.45
0.486
8.76
4»
0.0186
10.0
4.85
0.009H
4.86
.♦>
*•
0.0190
10.8
4.64
0.00995
4.65
0.481
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
a
11 2
X B
4) 0
-o II
■aX
•0
V
>
o
So
s
3
u
1
x«
tt
a
3
o
t
c
a
$
bo
a
'i
s.
o
a
it
w
0
X
1
III
0.25
920
0.0063
0.284
0.712
0.0092
0.721
2.64
0.875
614
0.iK)72
0.485
1.068
0.0102
1.078
2.22
0.5
460
0.00795
0.716
1.425
0.0109
1.426
1.09
0.75
30«
0.0091
1.23
2.14
0.0121
2.152
1.76
1.0
280
0.01
1.8
2.85
0.013
2.863
1.69
1.25
184
0.0108
2.44
8.56
0.0138
3.574
1.47
1.6
153
0.0114
8.08
4.27
0.0145
4.285
1.89
1.75
131
0.0121
8.81
4.99
0.015
5.005
1.31
2.0
115
0.0126
4.. ■54
5.7
0.0155
5.715
1.26
2.26
102
0.0181
5.8
6.42
0.01.59
6.486
1.21
2.5
92
0.0136
6.12
7.12
0.016:^
7.136
1.166
2.76
88.5
0.014
6.92
7.84
0.0167
7.857
1.185
8.0
76.5
0.0144
7.76
8.55
0.0171
8.567
1.105
8.25
70.5
0.0148
8.66
9.25
0.0175
9.2«7
1.07
8.5
65.6
0.0151
9.5
9.98
0.0178
9.998
1.06
8.75
61.25
0.0165
10.48
10.7
0.0181
10.718
1.024
4:0
67.5
0.0158
11.4
11.4
0.0184
11.42
1.0
Fig. 18. — R.P.M., feed per revolution, cu. Ins. iern.<veii per wiuute, and Fig. 19. — R.P.M., feed per revolution, <u. Ins., removed per niiiiiitpand
b.p. when drllUng cast Iron with high-speed steel drills. b.p. when drilling medium hard steel with high-speed steel drills.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
97
Counterbores.
; Dealing with counterbores, Douglas T.
Hamilton writes that the surface speed
at which a couaterbore can be worked
is slightly less than the surface speed
used for drilling. The surface speeds
given below are recommended for coun-
terbores made from carbon and high
speed steel.
Speeds From Counterbores Made From
Carbon Steel.
Surface speed in
Material feet per minute
Brass (ordinary quality) ... 150-160
jGun screw iron 50-60
[Norway iron and machine steel 40-50
iDrill rod and tool steel 30-35
■Speeds for Counterbores Made From
High-speed Steel.
Surface speed in
Material feet per minute
Brass (ordinary quality) 180-200
Gun screw iron 80-90
Norway iron and machine steel 70-80
Drill rod and tool steel 45-50
The rate of feed at which the counter-
bore should be operated, depends on the
nature of the work, to what depth it
must penetrate, material being cut,
number of cutting edges, etc., and there
is no definite rule as to the exact feed
to use.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN ON-
TARIO.
At the recent session of the Ontario
Legislature Dr. Pyne, introduced a bill
which allows any urban school board to
establish industrial schools, special in-
dustrial schools, technical high schools,
co-operative and industrial schools,
schools for instruction in fine and applied
arts, industrial and technical and eve-
ning art schools. The regulations for
the schools' are to be provided by the
Department of Education in the same
way as in the case of a High school, and,
subject to those regulations, the minis-
ter is to apportion all sums of money
appropriated by the Legislature for the
establishment and maintenance of such
schools. The high school grant at pre-
sent is apportioned according to the
number of pupils, the equipment, and the
qualifications of the teachers.
General industrial schools are those in
which to the regular course there are
added special classes calculated to pre-
pare pupils for industrial life. Special
industrial schools are those providing in-
struction in theoretical and practical
work of particular trades carried on in
the district where the school is situated.
Co-operative schools are those in which
an apprenticeship system is combined
with the school course.
It is provided in the bill that every
technical school, whether at present in
operation or established hereafter, is to
be under the management of a commit-
tee of twelve, six from the Board of
Education, three persons not members of
that board who are engaged as employes
in manufacturing or other industries cai-
ried on in the district, and three em-
ployers of labor. This is to be known
as the Advisory Industrial Committee.
Where there is more than one school in
the district there may be one or more
committees, as the board desires. The
committee is to be appointed by the
Board of Education, on nomination ol
the chairman. This committee, subject
to the Minister of Education and the
Board of Education, will have power to
provide buildings for industrial classes,
to establish classes in other school build-
ings and to prescribe the course of study.
The committee will also have power to
engage teachers, fix their salaries, to as-
range the finances of the school, and to
do anything else necessary for its main-
tenance.
The Department of Education, by re-
gulation will provide for the qualifica-
tion of teachers, the course of study, the
character of school sites and equipment,
and the maximum and minimum fees
which may be charged.
The Development of the Bertram Convertible Planer
Thf Designing of a Planer Body to Which Ang Attachment Such as Right Angle or
Parallel belt Drive or Motor Drive May be Applied, Means a Great Economy to the User
Who Has Specified a Certain Drive. A Delivery May be Made Practically at Once
Where Formerly Several Weeks Elapsed Between the Ordering and the Delivery of the
Planer. »'
/^F the long list of machine tools prob-
^"^ ably the planer has given more
trouble to designer and user than any
other machines. It was designed for one
drive and a user had to accommodate
himself to that drive whether it suited
his shop or not. Later when devices and
driving mechanisms were designed a user
could get what he wanted if he waited
long enough on delivery. This was often
annoying for he wished to make imme-
diate use of the planer.
The latest development in the design
of a metal working planing machine,
however, is a radical departure from the
early system. The John Bertram &
Sons Co., Dundas, Ont., have designed a
planing machine body to which right an-
gle belt, parallel belt or motor drive
may be attached according to the speci-
fications. The planer bodies and the va-
rious drives are manufactured for stock
so that when an order for a planer is re-
ceived, the necessary equipment is fasten-
ed to the standard body, and it is ship-
ped complete in a few hours or a day or
two at most, where previously several
weeks elapsed to the great annoyance of
the buyer.
Four Belt Right-Angle Drive.
Fig. 1 shows a 36 in. x 36 in. heavy
type iron planing machine with four belt
right angle drive. It admits 37 ins. be-
tween the housing and 37 ins. under the
crossrail. The standard length of the
table is 10 ft. independent of pockets.
There are four cutting heads, two on
the crossrail and a side head on each
standard. The heads on the crossrail
have swivelling saddles and independent
cross,. down and angular feeds.
Power is transmitted to the table
through a train of accurately cut gears.
The crossrail is raised and lowered by
power.
The table is 33 ins. wide and has three
T slots the entire length and six rows
of holes for securing the work. The V's
have a bearing surface of 5J ins. each
and are 20 ins. from centre to centre,
fitted with oil pockets for lubricating the
table. The bed of the planer is 20 ins.
deep and 26 ins. through the body, and
the uprights have a width of face of 8}
ins.
The plan6r is equipped with Bertram
patent four belt drive. The driving pul-
leys are 26 ins. in diameter for 2^ in.
belts giving the same pull as one 5 in.
driving belt and one 5 in. return belt but
quicker reverse. The reverse pulleys are
20 in. diameter using the same belt
width.
Fig. 2 shows a rear view of 36 in. x
36 in. iron planer with four heads, driven
through countershaft with right angle
new type four belt drive.
The V-angle of the planer is flattened
and the inside lip takes up the side shock
thus preventing the planer surface plate
being pushed out of the V's.
Feed Arrangement.
The feed arrangement is shown in Fig.
3. By a reference to this illustration it
will be seen that studs fit in slide that
fits in T slots. Tools .can therefore come
9b
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Fig.
1.— Front View, Four Wheel Eight
Angle Drire.
Fljr. 2.— Back View, Four Wheel Right Angle
Drive.
^^^^BV^i«r^^4
together and are right and lett. This is
a new and good feature on Bertram
planers.
Parallel Drive.
By changing the attachment the planer
may be converted into a parallel drive.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a 36 in. x 3R
in. iron planer with four cutting heads,
belt driven through countershaft, with
paiallel new type four belt drive. The
gears which run in oil, are covering thus
eBectively preventing any accident from
this part of the mechanism.
Fig. 5 shows a rear view of a 36 in. x
36 in. iron planer with four cutting
i'ig. 4.— Front View Four Belt Parallel
Drive.
heads, belt driven through a counter-
shaft, with parallel new type tour belt
drive.
Motor Drive.
By the addition of a casting to the top
of the standards, the planer may be
equipped for motor drive. Fig. 6 shows
a 36 in. x 36 in. iron planer with right
angle drive by motor. To operate the
planer a 15 h.p. constant speed motor
running at 1200 r.p.m. is required.
A rear view of this planer equipped
for motor drive is shown in Fig. 7.
FiK. 3.
-Feed Arrangement, Bertram Convert-
ible Planer.
At the annual meeting of the B.
Greening Wire Co., Hamilton, N. S.
Braden of the Canadian Westinghouse
was elected a director.
George J. Duffey, formerly master me-
chanic at the Michigan Central Railway
shops in St. Thomas, has been appoint-
ed master mechanic of the Lake Erie &
Western Railway, with headquarters at
I.,ima, Ohio, succeeding F. H. Regan, re-
signed.
J. Hay, of London, has been appoint-
ed locomotive foreman at the Sarnia
tunnel, G. T. R., in place of W. H.
Towne, resigned. Mr. Hay's place is
taken by J. R. Leckie, of Palmerston.
J. A. Waldron, machinist at Lindsay,
has been appointed G. T. R. locomotive
foreman at Palmerston.
Fig. 5.— Back View, Four Belt Parallel Drive.
Fig. 6.— Front View, Right Angle Drive by
Motor.
r
1
b
A
r
ll
■-i
^p
"^iKi ' -w^ -
.
e
L
Fig. 7.— Back View, Right Angle Drive by
Motor.
Is Factory Location Immaterial, If Product Unexcelled?
By Penstock
Someone Has Given Expression to the Statement that "if a Man Can Write a Better Book,
Preach a better Sermon or Make a Better Mouse Trap Than His Neighbor, Although he
Build his House in the Woods, The World will Make a Beaten Path to His Door.' We
are Rather Doubtful of the World Becoming so Demonstrative.
TF the preamble be true, reformation
involving revolution in our civilization
should be immediately consummated, for
our upbringing, education, business
training, social and recreative methods
and pursuits are one and all more or
less at variance with the expressed
eventuality.
Contrary to Reason and Intelligence.
Is it, however, true to fact? Our
answer that it is not, admits of no pos-
sibility of serious questioning, consti-
tuted as we find ourselves. The writing
of a better book, whatever that may
mean, by a man who elects to bury
himself in the bush, is together with his
book considered of infinitely less mom-
ent than a remedy for overcrowded
street cars. For one thing he appeals
to a much smaller community, and for
another he and his book are less of the
nature of a public utility and necessity.
The preaching of a better sermon by
a man in the city crowd, and its res-
ponse, is surely indictment enough of
the ridiculousness of its efficacy in
starting a trek to the woods.
Forgetting for the moment that a
large: proportion of our fellows even in
Christian countries have ceased to be
enamoured with sermons of any quality,
it seems highly improbable that the
"call of the wild" would appeal to the-
wearers of silk hats. Prince Albert
coats, dressmaking and millinery crea-
tions as effectively as religious appear-
ance in what is known as a fashionable
city church with a hum-drum preacher.
The discovery of gold, silver or other
precious metal precipitates a rush to
the field. Did it ever occur to you how
microscopic is the percentage entrapped
in its lure?
The majority of us theorize that the
doctor should come to his patient, and
in actual practice in every condition or
circumstance he eventually does. With
his coming a cure is made more certain;
of the ultimate output of, the mine, peo-
ple several thousand miles away partici-
pate to the largest extent; of sermons
and, books, comfort and leisure in which
to listen and digest are elementary con-
siderations of sound philosophy.
The Manufacturing View.
The mouse trap feature brings us into
manufacturing, and there as in these
other spheres, the world does not see
warranty for making a beaten, path to a
factory door.
We live in a progressive age; the
mouse trap .in the limelight to-day, may
be junk to-morrow even where mice are
a nuisance. What hope then is there for
the backwoods manufacturer of such a
commodity?
An army dare not move too far from
its supplies base else its effectiveness as
a fighting and conquering machine will
be seriously impaired. The manufactur-
er for the same reason may not locate
his factory just where personal vanity in
his fleeting achievement of producing an
unsurpassed utility, may dictate. A
stern law of economics over-rules and
penalizes his imprudence of its non-ob-
servance should he take any such step.
Sufficient has been said to show the
utter worthlessness of a too literal ap-
plication of the preamble, and confirms
our pre-determined conclusion that "fac-
tory location is material, irrespective of
superlative product."
Produce a Missionary.
Having so satisfied ourselves, does
superior and effective location then,
backed by the best product, warrant
the assumption that the world will
now beat paths from its circumference
to our centre af effort ? We trow not.
The world as generally known, treats
with a generous degree of studied indif-
ference, most of the happenings and in-
novations that it meets accidentally or
otherwise, as it gets around. To make
it take notice, arrest and hold its at-
tention requires personally persuasive,
sympathetic and systematic effort ad-
ditional.
The manufacturer must make beaten
paths radiate from his centre to all
points of the world's surface and circum-
ference, that his product is designed to
reach. By display, mail, representa-
tion (local or itinerant), and advertis-
ing, must he "ancient mariner like" ar-
rest and deliver his message to those
he reckons as being needful of his ser-
vice.
Sitting at his desk will not avail un-
less he is unceasingly regulating and
disseminating realistic information of
what he manufactures and sells.
Variety of Appeal Necessary.
All manner of ingenuity must be dis-
displayed as all manner of being has to
be approached. What appeals to one
by sight may be unseen by another, and
it is a matter of common knowledge
that this blindness is widespread.
One man sees in the completed ma-
chine, only the skilled designer and me-
chanic ; another man sees a tool by
which he can produce a cheaper and
better grade of flour it may be.
The field to be tapped is so complex
that the methods already referred to
are all necessary to a lesser or greater
extent.
Sincere Effective Advertising.
Manufacturers are fully realizing this
demand to-day, and are backing it up
by sincerity of statement. In this they
are ably supported by trade journals.
Advertising in these to-day is not a
catch penny question. The page of such
a paper is an equally well dressed win-
dow to that of a departmental store,
gives point to every special feature and
appeals to the purse like bargain day.
We are convinced that clean advertis-
ing concentrated as regards mediums
used and extended in quantity, carries the
palm as the pioneer in beating the path
out from your factory door, and the
eliminator of that hardship and incon-
venience which the world sees in its
suggested initiative, and from which it
shrinks.
Effective and systematic advertising
is more than half the battle in secur-
ing your market, and followed up by
direct personal assurance from and by
you in your prospective customer's
sanctum instead of in yours, cannot tail
to win out entirely.
Every doctrine of political economy
and philosophy warrants us in stating
that present methods do conspire to re-
sults, and that a much distorted con-
ception of how the beings of this old
world are constituted, is responsible for
this book, sermon and mouse-trap
theory.
Need of Waking Up.
Consumers generally busy themselves
with a host of questions more or less
unheneficial to their best interests and
as a consequence, lose sight of this
latter unless more extraordinary means
than this "call of the wild" are adopt-
ed.
The increasing strenuousness of living
will always tend to and gradually
smother out this call, while that of the
others will of necessity become louder.
Mens' self-forgetfulness will continue to
build a barrier to be assailed in addi-
tion to a path to be beaten and kept
open. The exercise of yet undemon-
strated genius will be required, and the
veriest hint of a pilgrimage to the bush
to get what we want, will spell failure
at the outset.
100
CANADIAN MACHINERY
THB WHEEL MUST BE "TRUED."
In cylindrical grindiug we can never
grind perfect work with an imperfect
wheel. It is important that the operator
shall realize thSt the more f>erfect and
smooth his wheel, the more perfect and
smooth his work will be, when making
the light finish cuts. We make little
or no attempt to grind smooth when
making the roughing cuts. During these
cuts, when the wheel is cutting heavy,
the surface will be coarse and sometimes
"chattered," owing to rapid work and
deep cut, but thi.s can do no harm if
not too deep to "finish out." Between
the roughing and finishing cuts the
grinding wheel must be "trued" in or-
der to obtain round, smooth work, and
the lustre of the surface depends upon
the lustre we produce on the wlieel face
when truing, also on the lightness of
the cut we take, as well as on the speed
at which we revolve the work when fin-
ishing. We evolve the work slower when
finishing than when roughing.
When using a Norton Machine truing
does not mean "sharpening" the wlieel;
but it does mean "dulling" the face in
order to obtain a finish. It also means
that when "truing," we perfect the
wheel, viz., we make a perfect cylinder
of the wheel in order to grind a perfect
cylinder with it. — From a talk by C. H.
Norton of Norton Grinding Co.
WIEE GUARDS.
The accompanying illustrations show
two wire protectors which are very ef-
ficient. One shows a floor guard pro-
tecting gears and the other a wall
guard protecting the switchboard. The
one around the switchboard may be
locked and thus prevent any tampering
with it.
These guards are manufactured by the
Canada Wire Goods Mfg. Co., Hamilton,
and the two photographs shown were
taken in their factory. Besides manufac-
turing guards for protecting machinery
they make a line of incandescent light
and window guards, etc.
BRAKE JAW FORGING.
By K. L. K.
One of the interesting processes in the
modern automobile plant is that of
forging. In the works of the Canada
Cycle & Motor Co., Toronto, various
the recesses in both halves and produc-
ing the forging shown at A.
Considerable clearance is allowed so
that the metal can easily fill the recess-
es. A piece of stock is used large en-
ough to more than fill them as will be
seen by the metal wings on the brake
jaw at A, which is the condition of the
forging at the end of the first operation.
In fact this is the end of the forging,
the second being the trimming opera-
tion.
/-^ V
\ ,
—I — r-
c
f
Fl
Li :^_^:-^-E
B
Evolution of iin Aiitoniobilc Briike Jaw.
parts are evolved by a few simple opera-
tions. The equipment consists of a
large power hammer and the necessary
dies.
The die block parts in the centre line,
the lower half being fastened to the
centre line and the upper half to the
ram of the hammer. The piece of stock
from which the brake jaw shown here-
with is made and which is used to illus-
trate the method of procedure, is heated
to a good forging temperature. The
upper half of the die block is used as a
hammer to strike the hot metal a series
of blows and thus force the hot metal
to take the shape of the die block, filling
To trim the brake jaw the anvil half
of the trimming die block is hollow the
shape of the brake jaw, while the ram
is the shape of the jaw and exactly fits
the anvil. The result is that the brake
jaw is pushed through leaving the wing
on the anvil. This operation is accom-
plished on a press.
The third is also done in this manner.
The anvil die block consists of a hollow
die block the shape of the brake jaw
with ram or punch the shape of the
centre at C. In the fourth operation the
part D is removed leaving the brake
jaw as at E. It is then drilled at F
and G, thus completing the operation.
Flf. J. — A Wire Protector made by the (,'nnada Wire Goods Mfg.
Co., Hamilton.
Pig. 2.-
-Wlre Switch Protector mnde by theCnnnda
Mfg. Co., Hamilton.
Wire Goods
Boiler Design, Construction, Operation, Repairing and Inspection
By H. S. Jcffery
The Various Points in Connection With Boiler Practice Will be Clearly Taken up
in This Series. The First Article Deals With the Boiler Shell, Including Repair-
ing, Factor of Safety, Hydrostatic Test and Number of Courses. The Series Will
he a Complete Text Book on the Subject of Boilers, and They Should be Preserved
for Reference.
The Bivet Fitch.
(12) The rivet pitch is a matter which
must be diecidted first, and then the other
parts arranged. The pitch must not be
so excessive as to permit the plates to
spring between the rivets, and whicn
•will cause the rivets and sieams to leak.
No stated pitch can be given for a cer-
tain thickness of plate, or for a certadn
size rivet — 'tlhie best that can be done
is to set a maximum pitch for different
types of riveted joints with diffea?ent
thickness of plate, and thien use what-
ever size rivet as will permit the riveted
jodnt to be properly designed.
The following formula gives the max-
imum pitch:
(C X T) -f 1 5-8 = P
Wheire:
C^Constant applicable from Table 1.
T=Thicfcness of plate in inches.
'P^iPitch in inches. (See note*.)
TABLE 1.
Rows of Rivets.. 12 3 4
C. for Lap Joints 1.31 2.62 3.47 4.14
Constant for
Double Bubt
Strap joints .... 1.75 3.50 4.63 5.52
Example. With a single riveted lap
joint, plate 3-8 inch, what is the maxi-
mum pitch T
Solution:
(1.31 X .375) .f 1 5-8b=2.116 inches, or
2 1-8 inches.
Double-Strapped Butt Joints.
(13) The majority of boilers are now
constructed with double-strapped butt
joints for the longitudinal seam. The
lap joint does not permit making the
boiler as round as does the butt joint,
nor does the lap joint make it possible
to make the efficiency of thie longitud-
inal seam as great as when the double-
strapped butt joint is employed.
In Fig. 17 is shown a single riveted
double strapi)ed butt joint. It is single
riveted as the shearing of either of the
rows of rivets will permit the sheets to
• Note. — with n double-riveted double-
strnpped Joint, the constant from Table 1 is
3..'j0, while with the double-riveted double-
strapped joint the constant is 1.75. This has
only reference to the pitch of rivets In dou-
l)le shear. Thus the pitch of rivets for the
inner row of the triple-riveted double-strap-
ped Joint will have the same constant, 350, as
used for the donhle-rlveted double-strapped
butt Joint.
•Third of a series of articles on this sub-
ject.
••CopyrlRht by the MacLean Publishing
Company.
separate, though the rivets are in
double shear.
Referring back to the calculations of
the single riveted lap joint, it will be
seen that the efficiency of the net sec-
tion of plate is 62.5 per ■cent., while the
rivet efficiency is 44 per cent. For the
sake of illustrating it will be assumed
Fig. li.
that the letters a, b and c, Fig. 17,
represent the same values as in Fig. 12,
whttch, of course, will mean that the
efficiency of the net section of plate of
Fig. 17 is 62.5 per cent.
But, the rivets being in double shear,
increases their shearing strength, and
thus their strength must be found and
compared to the strength of the solid
plate in order to determine the efficiency
of the rivets. The shearing strength of
the steel rivet in single shear was stated
to be 45, OW) pounds per square inch
and that a rivet in double shear wai
1.85 times 45,000 pounds, making 83,250
pounds.
Then substituting values, the effi-
ciency of the rivet is:
.44179 X 1 X 83,250
=81.7 per cent.
60,000 X .375 X 2
Attention is now directed to the fact
that with the single riveted lap joint
the rivet efficiency is 44 per cent., while
with the single riveted double strapped
butt joint (same size and pitch of rivets
in both instances) it is 81.7 per
cent. The efficiency of the nei
section of plate remains of course.
©2.5 per cent, in both instances.
With the single riveted lap joint the
efficiency of the plate exceeded the riv«t
efficiency, it being pointed out that to
use a larger rivet would increase the
rivet efficiency and likewise reduce the
efficiency of the net section of plate,
which would! tend to equalize matters.
With the sdngle riveted double strap-
ped butt joint, the rivet efficiency ex-
ceeds the plate efficiency, thus indica-
ting that the pitch might be increased
so as to increase the efficiency of the
plate and reduce the rivet efficiency.
Whether or not this course would be
advisable relates only to the qnestaoD
as to pitching the rivets so as to make
the joint steam-tight. The calculations
indicate that the pitch can be increased
to some extent, and now by referring
to Table 1 and the formula in connec-
tion therewith this question can be de-
cided.
Example. With a single riveted
double strapped butt jodnt, plate 3-S
inch, what is the maximum pitch!
Solution:
(1.75 X .375) X 1 5-8-2.28 inches.
As the pitch used in the calculations
was 2 inches, it will ba seen that this is
below the maximum pitch allowed, and,
accordingly the pitch can be increased,
thus causing the efficiency of the net
seetdon of plate to increase while the
rivet efficiency will decrease. It is
advisable, however, to keep the rivet
efficiency above the plate efficiency to
some extent, and to do this may make
it impossible to increase- the rivet pitch
to the maximum pitch.
Wm. Kdestrand, of the Dain Mfg. Co.,
Dain City, has been appointed manager
of the Welland Machine & Foundry Co.,
Wetland.
Some concerns in certain lines of man-
ufacture requiring many comparatively
simple and cheap special machines, make
a practice of purchasing second-hand
machine tools. The headstocks and slides
are worked over at small cost so as to
adapt them to the desired purpose.
Many special machines are in use in a
certain factory, built up from regular
machine tools at very low cost, the func-
tions of which are quite different from
those for which the machines were ori-
ginally designed. — Ex.
Mechanical
Drawing and Sketching
By B. P.
for Machinists
A Series of Progressive Lessons Designed to Familiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Apparatus Necessary to Make Simple Drawings, to Encourage them to Realize How Im-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, as Well as Being a Profitable Pastime.
OET squares or triangles 30-60 de-
*^ grees and 45 degrees, Fig. 7, with
sides 8 and six inches long respectively,
are suitable for most services and may
be had in maple, cherry or mahogany
with ebony edge, or in vulcanite, cellu-
loid or other transparent composition.
The latter are much used with open cen-
tres as illustrated.
The pencil has been already referred
to, the only additional remark called for
taining to circles, parts of circles and
curves, attention may be directed to
pencil rubbers, or erasers for lines
drawn in error or of excess length. Fig.
10 illustrates such an eraser, which
should consist of soft fine grained rub-
ber and be tree from sand, glass or dirt,
all of which tend to break or glaze the
surface of the drawing sheet.
pass work in the preparation of mechan-
ical drawings, are best taken care of by
the bow pen and pencil instruments.
They are more conveniently manipulated,
being lighter than the others and only
3J to 4 inches long. Each tool as will
r
Fig. 7 — Triangles or Set Squares.
Vlg. 8— Drawing Pencil Points.
in its choice being its hexagon shape re-
quirement. As such, it serves the double
purpose of giving a better grip between
the fingers when in use and has little in-
clination to roll off the sloped drawing
board when not in use.
The pencil should be sharpened
to a chisel point. Fig. 8, by
means of which in the operation of draw-
ing a straight line, the edge of the lead
is kept close against the edge of the tee
square or triangle.
Horizontal lines should be drawn from
left to right and vertical lines from bot-
tom to top of sheet. The tee square head
should be held firmly against the board
by the left hand and with the thumb
pressure exerted on the blade as shown
Fig. 9. The pencil also should be held
firmly and vertically in the right hand,
with the forearm and elbow kept well up
from the drawing.
A very great help in keeping the
otherwise unsupported pencil arm stea-
dy and ensuring against wavy lines, la
to allow the little finger nail surface to
touch the tee square lightly and allow
it to slide along concurrently with the
pencilling of the line. The arm move-
ment in the drawing of straight lines
should be as much as possible from the
elbow.
Up to the present, only the apparatus
for producing straight lines has been
considered. Before passing to that per-
*Tblrd of a nerles nf an Instruction Course.
A lesson will be given each month.
Compasses for drawing circles and
parts of circles, vary in style, size, qual-
ity, purpose and price.
Those used for drawing large circles of
varying diameter are generally 6 inches
long. Such a set. Fig. 11, in addition to
the needle and pencil points, includes a
pen point and lengthening bar for circles
in excess of those attainable by the self-
contained instrument.
Small circles of varying diameter, and
forming by far the major portion of com-
Fig. U.
be noted from the illustration Fig. 12,
is complete in itself.
Spring bow compasses Fig. 13 are
usually about 3 inches long and as their
construction shows, are capable of ac-
curate adjustment. They are most suit-
able in circumstances where a large num-
Flg 9— Application of T-sqaare to Drawing Board.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
103
ber of circles of equal diameter are re-
quired.
The head joint of the two sets first de-
scribed are an important feature to be
attended to in making a selection for
purchase. Double joints ensuring good
lasting wearing surfaces should be their
Fig. 10.
constructional detail. The needle, pen
and pencil arms at the junction to the
body should be similarly equipped.
The material of compasses generally,
consists of German silver and good qual-
ity steel.
In purchasing instruments, those of
the highest grade should be selected.
Fig. 12.
consistent of course with one's purse, if
satisfactory work is to be comfortably
achieved and usefulness of tools is to be
guaranteed for 10 or 15 years under con-
stant daily service.
The pencil for your compasses should
be one grade softer than that of your
drawing pencil.
METAL LOCKER INSTALLATIONS.
By G. C. K
The value of the metal locker in the
modern machine shop is being recogniz-
ed. Formerly it was customary to drive
a nail in the post and hang the coat or
overalls, smock and towel any available
place. The advantages over this method
as well as over old wooden lockers, are
many. For instance, wooden lockers are
inflammable, badly ventilated, often un-
cleanly and full of vermin. They are
thus very unsanitary whereas the metal
lockers are safe and sanitary.
When a workman locks his coat, din-
ner pail, etc., in the locker of which he
holds the key, he feels a sense of secur-
ity, for each locker requires a different
key. No employe can, therefore, unlock
another's locker.
The use of the metal locker materially
reduces insurance. There are no oil
soaked smock and overalls lying around
through the shop as these can be kept
in the lockers.
Apart from the protective feature— af-
fecting alike employers and employes —
the educational value of the locker sys-
tem in the cultivation of habits of ord-
er and self-respect is incalculable. If a
workman is accustomed to putting
away his own effects in the proper
place, he will be more inclined to show
similar care in putting away in their
proper places tools and materials he has
been using. Manufacturers, superinten-
dents and foremen know what the care
of machines, tools and materials, mean
to the employer in dollars and cents.
Lockers are now being installed in a
large number of the new plants but
there are still a large number both of
the new and older plants which should
include them in their equipment. To the
managers of these shops we would draw
attention to the rule which was given
due prominence in one of the workshops
where the writer was employed, "A
place for everything and everything in
its place."
The adoption of the locker has been
the natural outgrowth of modern busi-
ness methods which has brought about
conditions which make it absolutely es-
sential that those things which assist in
cleanliness, safety and dispatch shall be
employed in up.to-date organizations.
In order to show that the lockers are
growing in use the following list is ap-
pended:
Recent installations by the Geo. B.
Meadows, Toronto, Wire, Iron and Brass
Works Co., 479 Wellington street, west,
Toronto, have been made; Somerville
Brass Co., Berna Motor & Taxicabs,
Ltd., Toronto; Northern Electric Co.,
Canadian Fairbanks, Montreal and Win-
nipeg; Brantford Carriage Works, Brant-
ford; Robb Engineering Co., Amherst,
N.S.; etc.
The Dennis Wire & Iron Works Co.,
London, Ont., have made installations in
the plants of the International Acheson
Graphite Co., Niagara Falls; Massey-
Harris Co., Brantford; Tobin Arms Co.,
Woodstock; Lufkin Rule Co., Windsor;
Kaministiquia Power Co., Fort William;
N. T. R. shops, Winnipeg, etc.
The lockers shown in the half-tone
were supplied by the Canada Wire Goods
Mfg. Co., 182-186 King William street,
Hamilton, who have made many import-
ant installations.
OBITUARY.
George A. Barnes, secretary of the
Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Co., Akron,
Ohio, was born at Cincinnati, Ohio,
August 6th, 1857, died at Akron, Ohio,
March 22, 1911. Mr. Barnes began his
long service with the Whitman & Barnes
Mfg. Co. at their Syracuse factory In
1876. In 1879 he was transferred to
the Canton, Ohio, works of the com-
pany, remaining there as manager until
1895, when he removed to Akron, Ohio,
at which place he resided until his
death, with the exception of the years
1902 and 1904, when he was located at
the Chicago offices of the company. At
the time of his death, Mr. Barnes was
Secretary of the company, a director,
and member of the executive board. He
is survived by a widow and one son,
H. L. Barnes, who is superintendent of
the Whitman & Barnes Mfg. Company's
Chicago works.
Fig. 13.
A modern InstallatioD of Icckers. made by the C.-inndn Wire Goocis Mfg. Co., Humilton.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for .Machinists. Contributions paid for.
COLLAPSIBLE BORING TOOL.
By Jno. A. Bradley.
A collapsible boring tool used for
roughing and described in the following
was designed for use in the manufacture
of gasoline engines, but its adaptability
to other lines may make this descrip-
tion of interest.
Fig. 1 is side view, Fig. 2 an end
view, while there is a sectional view
taken through X.X. It consists of an
inner arbor and cam shaft X, ami outer
arbor and tool holder B, cutters C of
which there are twenty-four, and re-
taining screws D, a hand wheel E
fastened to adjusting screw F, both (:I
which are supported at one end by the
bracket G and the cam shaft shifting
lever H.
As previously mentioned this tcol is
used for roughing only. One end of 'he
inner arbor and cam shaft A is insert-
ed in the driving head, while the oppo-
site end enters a pilot. When in opera-
tion the inner and outer arbors A and
B rotate together, because of the ad-
justing screw F, one end of which is
supported in the bracket G, fastened on
the outer arbor B, while the other end
GRINDING WHEEL EQUIPMENT.
By Pedestal.
With a view to lessening the liability
to accidents from breaking or bursting
of grinding wheels, the Norton Co.,
Flsr. 1.— Wroug,
Rlgbt.
Worcester, Mass., have applied them-
selves with much diligence and study to
the question of equipment.
Results of experiments by them go to
show that the wheels should be mounted
on ample size spindles and that washers
whose diameter is at least half that of
the wheel be used as supports.
hearings and be securely fixed to proper
foundations. Care should be taken to
have the wheels true and in balance, and
that the spindle hole admits of the wheel
being slid on to the spindle without any
appearance of play. The washers should
be tightened just sufRciently to grip the
wheel firmly without undue pressure.
To prevent work getting caught be-
tween the wheel and the rest, the latter
should be adjusted as close up to the
wheel as possible.
The speed of the wheels may be from
4,000 to 6,000 ft. per minute as required.
All machines should be fitted with a sign
or indicator denoting their wheel diam-
eter and spindle revolutions. Worn
down wheels may in this way be utilized
on machines speeded to suit their reduc-
ed diameter.
Single pulleys are to be preferred on
the machines, obviating as they do the
starting of new wheels at excessive
speeds.
Protective hoods with trunks to fan
suction should be fitted to conserve oper-
ators' health, and the care of the equip-
engages the cam shaft shifting lever
nut L. The shifting lever H is fastened
on arbor A.
The cutters C which are made a slid-
ing fit in the outer arbor B are re-
cessed as shown at C, to permit the end
of the retaining screws D to enter,
thus allowing the cutters to move in
and out, a distance regulated by the
length of the recess.
A very fine adjustment of the cutters
is obtained by rotating the hand wheel
E, the adjusting screw F having a fine
pitch thread. The trunnion I supported
in bracket G permits the adjusting me-
chanism angular movement.
Collapsible Boring Tool.
The inner washer should be pressed or
keyed on to prevent its revolving, and
both should be relieved as shown in Fig.
2, so as to ensure a true bearing along
the outer edge only. Compression rings
of pulp or rubber should be used between
the washers and the wheel.
The grinding machine of itself should
be substantial and rigid, have well fitted
ment should be delegated to a respon-
sible person. Fig. 1 represents an im-
proper method of wheel attachment,
while Fig. 2 shows that recommended.
CLEANING SHOP MOTORS.
By M. E. D.
The common custom in cleaning shop
mators is to attach the 'air hose and
blow the dust oft the motor into the
air where the men are working. In a
wood-working department this is par-
ticularly offensive and is attended with
a great waste of air.
A method adopted by the Toronto
Steeet Railway Co., in cleaning th«
CANADIAN MACHINERY
105
cars is to use a vacuum system. The
use of the vacuum system for industrial
uses has been greatly extended in the
past £ew years and there appears no
reasonable reason why this system
should not be applied to the cleaning of
motors. The dust will be sucked out
instead of blown out and the crevices in
the motor will therefore be thoroughly
cleaned out and the dust, instead of be-
ing blown into the atmosphere to be
breathed by the workmen, can be col-
lected into a receiver.
ROPE GROOVE GRINDING APPARA-
TUS.
By Kelpie.
Inaccuracy of turning all the grooves
on a rope pulley to the same gauge in
the machine shop, and the subsequent
installation of the pulley in the mill or
factory, inevitably leads to operating
trouble in the matter of unequal rope
tension.
The apparatus here described and illus-
trated, Pigs. 1 and 2, was specially de-
signed to rectify such a defect at a les-
ser cost than that of dismantling the
pulley and shipping it back to the ma-
chine shop. The sketches show it to be
simple in constructional detail, of appli-
cation to pulley widths between wide
limits and adaptable to almost any local
conditions. It is a useful portable tool
for a jobbing machine shop to carry, oc-
cupying small space and of moderate
weight for transportation.
The rope pulley requiring grinding had
23-1 inch rope grooves on a diameter of
40 inches. Its speed was 475 revolutions
per minute.
The detail of the grinding equipment
consisted of a shaft 3i inches diameter
The emery wheel as will be noted has
its grinding surface on one side only, by
reason of which one side of each rope
groove is completed in one lengthways
operation. For the return, the emety
wheel is reversed and the like process
gone through until all the grooves liavc
been treated. From time to time it «as
necessary, of course, to roughen and, keep
the emery grinding face true.
One difficulty experienced in tackling a
job ot this description, that is when the
Fig. 2. — Elevation of Rope Groove Grinding Apparatus.
for a body length of about 6 feet and
threaded 3J threads per inch. The ends
of the shaft were turned down to i-^
inches diameter to fit standard flat
boxes. The lengths of these reduced ends
were 13 and 27 inches respectively.
In addition to the large diameter be-
ing threaded, a keyway for fixing the
grinding wheel was cut along its entire
length. The emery grinder was 20
inches diameter and with its shaft had
an operating speed of one half that of
the rope pulley or 237.3 revolutions per
minute. Adjustment was made by means
of the keyway and locknuts as sho'.vn.
Further and closer adjustment <"! the
grinding wheel to the side of the groove
was got by the bridge screws on each
end of the grinder shaft.
rope pulley has been in service, is the
almost constant glazing ot the grinder
face by oil and grease secreted in small
crevices of the various grooves, no n.at-
ter how great pains are taken to have
as far as possible complete extraction
made before starting operations.
The drive, as will be noted from Fig.
2, is self-cootained. A single sheaf pulley
10 inches diameter is mounted on the
driving shaft and roped to a similar
pulley 20 inches diameter on the grinder
shaft by an endless 1 inch rope and idler
pulleys with weight tightener.
The whole equipment is reliable, com-
pact and easy of application to a va-
riety of installation.
Needless to say excellent, accurate and
effective work was performed by the ap-
paratus, with the result that an equable
rope tension was attained at a compar-
atively low cost and with the minimum
of delay and inconvenience to the regular
operation of the mill.
mg. 1. — Plan of Rope Groove Grindinir Apparatus
106
CANADIAN MACHINERY
DAM OF UNIQUE DESIGN.
By M. E. D.
The John Inglis Co., Toronto, re-
cently constructed a dam gate of unique
design, for the Canadian Light & Power
Co. It is known as the "Tainter
Gate," and shows how the stresses in-
creasing with the depth of water are
taken care of in the dam. A side view
is the shape of a segment of a circle
as shown in the illustration.
The distances between the I-beams
from the bottom up are approximately
1' 8", 2' 4", 2' 3i", 2' 5", 2* 9i",
2' 11", 3' 1" and 4' 6" which shows
the relative pressure of the water at
various points.
The upper half of the sketch shows a
top view. The gates swing on the bear-
ings shown. The plate into which the
shaft fits is embedded securely into the
concrete damp so that the Tainter gate
is easily raised or lowered. Four of
these devices were built, all the parts
being carefully fitted before shipping.
SIMPLE GRINDING FIXTURE.
By Donald A. Hampton.
I had been in charge of the shop but
a short time when I was confronted
with the job of reducing ten thousand
pieces, like Fig. 3, to a uniform thick-
in
T~^ n^
Fig. 1.
ness of 3-16 in. These had been cut
from bars 1 inch in width and, while I
would have preferred to "strip" them
in longer lengths, the job was there and
waiting and up to me. The steel varied
a 1-64 inch, my given allowance was
.001 in. above and .002 in. below actual
size.
In the grinding room was a Norton
grinder of the radial arm type which
was unusually well supplied with
gauges, angle plates, etc., and it was by
use of one of these angle plates that
I put the job through. Fig. 2. shows
the device in perspective, the details of
which are seen to a larger scale in Fig.
1. The angle plate was drilled for a
shaft S which, at the back of the plate,
was furnished with a lever L. The
front end of the shaft was turned
eccentrically as at E, for a distance
equal to the thickness of the work
pieces— 3-16 in.— and hardened. A hard-
ened piece P was made and inlaid
Fig. 2.
close up to the shaft S with the por-
tion P extending beyond the face of the
plate 1-16 in., as did also the eccentric
end E. The fixture was then ready for
work.
Now, with the lever adjusted in the
right position, the work pieces were
held most securely, at the same time
quickly and easily, for | of a turn was
sufficient to give the operator all the
room needed for inserting. When the
lever was released, the pieces fell ofl in
a box. To offset the convexity of the
stock, the part P was relieved through
ODtllDc Sketch of Tainter Oate for Canadian Llgbt & Power Co., bnllt b7 the John IncUs
Co., Toronto.
FItr. 3.
the centre and a clearance was provided
next the shoulder P' for burrs and dirt.
To faciliate the work, a boy sorted
the stock into three piles .005, 010 and
.015 inches large, using an adjustable
gauge for the purpose. The grinder first
reduced the .015 inch stock to .010 inch,
which was combined with the pile al-
ready waiting and this in turn further
reduced. By so doing the operator's
work was made uniform throughout, all
pieces were passed across the face of the
wheel the same number of times (3 or
4), and there were no excuses for slov-
enly work because of high and low stock
creeping in.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
107
PORT DRILLING JIG FOR PNEU-
MATIC HAMMER.
By Penstock.
The device here described is that used
by the Maximilian Pneumatic Tool Co.,
Woodstock, Ont., for drilling the port
holes in the cylinders of air hammers
manufactured by them.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the
hammer cylinder, the air ports in which,
are indicated by the letters AA. These
ports are each 3-16 of an inch in diam-
eter asd vary in number according to
the power requirement of the hammer.
It should be noted that they are about
5 inches long and that the wall of metal
on the inner edge after drilling is only
Fig. 1.— Sectional Elevation of Pneumatic
Hammer.
1-16 of an inch thick. To secure accur-
acy of drilling, a suitable jig becomes
therefore a necessity, and fig. 2 gives a
representation of same.
The jig as will be seen has a large
diameter machined base to which the
body is bored and threaded square and
true. The extreme diameter of the body
is 3 inches, while that of the base is 8
inches. The thread, 8 per inch tapers
from 2f inches to 3 inches diameter, en-
suring with the 4 slots K, a compres-
sion grip when the nut F is screwed
down. These slots are 3-32 of an inch
wide by 5 inches deep.
Application consists in placing end B
of the hammer cylinder into the jig bar-
rel so as to bring its shoulder C to rest
on the jig face D.
Tightening the nut F on the taper
thread, locks the cylinder securely at its
plain part G.
The nut F has a milled edge, and hand
tightening of it is sufficient in all cases.
air drill. Recently we experienced
some trouble in erecting some agricul-
tural machinery. Either the machine
hands were careless or the jigs were in-
accurate. In any case the bolts would
not go where they were supposed to fit
and it used up a lot of time and pa-
tience reaming out the holes by hand.
The air was not piped to the warehouse
so we . purchased a portable electrical
drill which has paid for itself many
times over.
Later one hole was omitted altogether
from several hundred frames. To send
them back from the warehouse to shop
would have caused a long delay and con-
siderable expense. The portable drill
F^^^:^^^^:^— — -^^^^^^^
Fie. 2.— Sectional Elevation of Port Drilling
Jig.
solved the difficulty and the machines
were shipped on time. The portable
drill whether air or electric is one of
the best cost saving devices around the
shop.
PORTABLE ELECTRIC OR AIR
DRILLS.
By D. C. Current.
One of the handiest tools around a
machine shop is the portable electric or
Correspondence
Comments on articles appearing in
Canadian Machinery will be cheerfully
welcomed, and letters containing useful
ideas will be paid for.
Information regarding manufacturers
of various lines, with their addresses
will be supplied either through these
columns or by letter, on request. Ad-
dress letters to Canadian Machinery,
143-149 University Ave., Toronto.—
Editor.
Use of Common Salt.
1. Please suggest the proper method
of melting common salt in a crucible for
heating too' or cast steel to the proper
heat before being dipped into the cooling
bath, for hardening.
2. Do you know of any substance to
add to the salt to help it to melt at a
lower temperature than when alone?
3. About what is the temperature at
which salt will become a fluid?
4. Would you advise rock or common
salt for melting in a crucible ? — A sub-
scriber.
Replying to your favor, I must say
that I have never heard of common salt
(chloride of sodium) being used as a
heating solution in tempering operations;
a solution in combination with other
chemicals such as alum, oil of vitrei or
corrosive sublimate, may be used suc-
cessfully as a cooling medium in tem-
pering low carbon or inferior steels. —
Reader.
Common salt which has a specific gra-
vity of 2.16 has a melting point of 776
degrees. Plain sea water is used where
any unusual degree of hardness is requir-
ed and no temper is to be drawn, or on
special steels such as soft centre plow
steel. When sea water is not obtainable
the following is a good substitute: Car-
bonate of soda, 2 lbs.; saltpeter, 2 lbs.;
and salt 20 lbs. Dissolve in a barrel of
water.
For hardening tools dissolve rock
salt in rain water and use solution over
and over again. The longer it is in use
the better the solution for tempering.
Alloys of lead and tin, lead only and
boiled linseed oil are also used for tem-
pering.—M.E.D.
We would be glad to have any of our
readers write us answers to the ques-
tions asked by this subscriber?— Editor.
• • •
FASTENING WORK ON PLANER.
By Machinist.
In the December 1910 and January
1911 issues of Canadian Machinery me-
thods were given for holding work on a
planer. I have a large number of flat
castings to plane and experienced great
difficulty in getting them true until the
patternmaker came along one day and
said he would soon remedy my troubles.
He put lugs on the side of the pattern
with holes cored in them, making the
distance between the centres of the
holes equal to the distance between the
centre of the T-slots in the planer. It
is now an easy matter to bolt on the
work for surface planing.
What are some of the uses to which
aluminum is put? Is it an expensive
metal?— A. B. Barron.
Aluminum is used to produce solid
ingots and castings, for household uten-
sils and electric transmission lines. It
you write the British Aluminum Co., 24
Adelaide street. West, Toronto, they
will send circular matter and lists. —
Editor.
108
CANADIAN MACHINERY
GnadianMachinery
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riaity, compreaaed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
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Vol. VII.
April. 1911
No. 4
THE EFFICIENCY ENGINEER.
In our February issue, "Incompetency and Ineffi-
ciency" formed the subject of a brief editorial. We there
stated that no data was available of basis or viewpoint
of the estimator in the conclusions drawn.
Pushing our investigation a step further, we are at a
loss even to locate the personality of the estimator.
There is no trace of his origin, training, education,
superlative intelligence and infallible reasoning ; in fact
nobody has ever met him, yet he seems existent.
Disciplinarians we know, inventors we know, experts
in carrying out or doing special work we also know,
and the big bluff we are certain of having seen and
heard, but these men, these estimators, these efficiency
engineers, who direct and operate through graded sub-
ordinates, everything under their care by increased com-
petency to a higher plane of efficiency, we are strangers
to unfortunately so far.
"Out of the fulness of the heart doth the mouth
speak," and out of the emptiness of the head doth it at
least likewise. Being so, the "big noise" may not
necessarily count.
It strikes us that there is a too vague generalizing
liberty taken by incompetents, and splarging of crazy
ideals by idle dreamers.
"To make a silk purse out of a sow's ear" although
yet impossible of attainment, has about as much proba-
bility of accomplishment as these hot-air effusions have
of doing or being of any service to one branch or another
of business or manufacture.
The incompetency and inefficiency cry is a fascinating
one, and many are attracted to join in it, on account of
the opportunity it affords of appearing famous in the
public eye, at a cheap rate on a light-weight brain
capacity.
The efficiency engineer as represented, is a myth so
far as effective work performed is concerned. The name
is being made a travesty of, by those who would cover
up their own uselessness in displaying the weaknesses of
others.
There is too much of the .5 cent moving picture
show, prominent in the engineering profession and tech-
nical journalism to-day ; too much dictation of what a
man should be, and too little attention paid to means of
realizing it.
Reckless and fiercely colored word pictures of what Is
expected and how far he falls short, unsettle him in his
work and without doubt make him feel, "if I had the
wings of a little dove, far, far away I would fly."
Cut out these ideas that a set of superior beings,
know-it-alls, efficiency engineers or whatever you elect
to call them, exist, and keep us from getting excited any
more because we have never met them and are unaware
of their name and address.
Let us get alongside the man at the machine, shovel
or desk, give and get from him all the information and
assistance he or we need or have at disposal.
Encourage a reciprocity agreement on similar lines be-
tween each man and the fellow at his shoulder; make them
feel that the edging of one another further along the road
of progress, accomplishes more than either could do for
himself alone; and impress them that if they never meet
the ideal efficiency engineer, they will have the personal sat-
isfaction of laying claim to being at least, brands of the
real thing.
ACCIDENTS. PREVENTION AND FIRST AID.
In this issue of Canadian Machinery is an article on
"Safeguarding Machinery in Industrial Plants." Pro-
bably there is not a shop official including foreman, su-
perintendent, master mechanic or manager who cannot
recall an accident which happened in the shop under his
charge and decreased the efficiency of his shop, and which
the exercise of a little precaution in selecting machinery,
transmission appliances, the. wise expenditure on proper
guards for gears, punches, etc., might have prevented.
Warning notices may be used to good advantage, but
should be short and pointed. They give a protection
from damage suits, but are not very efficient in pre-
venting accidents.
In the best of organizations, accidents will happen
and shop officials will find it to advantage to organize
"first aid" corps who can give immediate and competent
first-aid services within the plant to every injured per-
son. The prompt cleaning and dressing of slight accidental
wounds gives great relief to the sufferer and renders any
later medical attention more effective. In the majority
of cases nothing more is needed, but neglected or delayed
treatment of simple injuries may have most serious con-
sequences.
Every works executive and engineer will find it a
valuable adjunct to the safety engineering of the plant to
maintain in every department, apart from labor law and
casualty insurance reports, a full and accurate record of
every accident and also of every near accident. Periodi-
cal examination of these and the determination of every
mechanical engineer to practice safety engineering to the
best of his ability, without regard to the legal minimum
or compulsion, will help more than anything else to re-
move speedily a great reproach from our industrial life.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
109
THE STORES' DEPARTMENT.
It has been demonstrated that the plant that does
not take proper care of its stock, is losing money and
reducing profits. The system of piling stock in any out
of the way corner of the plant yard exposed to the ele-
ments is rapidly becoming obsolete due to the foresight
of those in charge studying the question intelligently.
There are still some managers who have not yet heard
of "Scientific Management" as far as the stock room is
concerned. The writer visited one plant recently where
two men were busy with shovels and axes .trying to
extricate some grey iron castings from the snow and ice
which is so common in this country. In the not too
careful endeavor to release them, several were broken
and this loss was added to the wages of the men. It
should not therefore, require much headwork to figure
out the saving in providing a shelter for the output of
the foundry before it is required for use in the machine
shop.
In that plant there was no central stock room and
when a workman erecting machinery desired some bolts
he was allowed to help himself. If he had 100 pieces to
put together and required 100 bolts, he generally helped
himself to 110 or 115 in case there were some defective
ones. When they were bolted in place, he found he had
12 or 15 bolts over. These were put under the bench for
use some time hence and forgotten. When the next hun-
dred was ready for erection there were another 115 bolts
taken from the box and those left over were put away
as usual finally finding their way into the sweepings that
were thrown out.
Another incident that occurred was in connection with
the blacksmith shop. When the foreman wanted stock he
hunted it up and helped himself. One day he wanted
stock for a certain job and in hunting for it, he came
across some two inches too long. He had it wheeled into
the shop, cut off the shears and forged into shape. Later
he had another part for the same machine which required
stock two inches longer than the first job, but on a hunt,
all he could find was stock two inches too short. He had
used the wrong stock. A consultation with the com-
pany's buyer would have put him right. A central stock
room in charge of a competent man, would have elimin-
ated all these wastes. It will pay you to have a proper
stock department.
THE BUSINESS MAN'S AWAKENING.
Increased profits and more pay for the men by the
application of Scientific management. Nearly every mag-
azine, city daily and country weekly in Canada and the
United States has had something to say about it,
whether they knew anything about it or not. The fact
is that the time to wake up has come for the shop
manager, superintendent and foreman. "Rule of Thumb"
methods have served in the drafting office and in the shop
for years, but the days of such methods are passing for
the wide awake shops. The change is not going to come
about on account of some of the sweeping charges some
papers make, but on account of the clear understandable
concise way in which the technical press is placing be-
fore these men the results of experiments and studies
along this line.
Charges have been made chiefly against the railroads.
In a recent issue of the Atlantic Monthly, E. P. Ripley,
president of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Ry.
discusses the question and says :
Railway managers do not deny that many mis-
takes have been made and many abuses have
grown up in the development and administration
of American railways. But they do deny the truth
and fairness of many of the counts in the sweeping
indictments of the roads that have been made and
printed throughout the country, and feel strongly
that most of the public hostility to the carriers
is unjust. They do not doubt that the public
means to be fair. But they feel that it has allow-
ed itself to be misled, to its own injury, by those
wholesale charges of wrong-doing. They believe
that some of the legislation that has been passed
recently is wholesome. But they think that many
laws that have been enacted, and many projects
for further regulation which are receiving popular
support, are unwise, because they aim to do things
that are undesirable, or to secure ends the attain-
ment of which would be impracticable even if it
were desirable.
The fact is that such railroads as the Santa Fe,
New York Central, C.P.R. and G.T.R., have been very
progressive, as the systems of education, taking care of
stock, tools, dispatching work, etc., have been kept up-
to-date and men have been employed who are conversant
with modern systems of business management.
A great deal may be gained by shop managers by
watching someone else. "Many of our ideas," says
Frederick W. Taylor, "we appropriated from some one
else." But Taylor experimented too and one experiment
alone saved $75,000 a year for the Bethlehem steel
works. Taylor's experiments in the cutting of steel are
now well known by every user of high speed steel.
The new movement is a world wide one and France
and Germany are now trying it out. Each job must be
studied separately, the handling of coal, sand, etc.,
drilling castings or performing any other work. There
is one way which is quicker than any other way and the
planning of the works will be rewarded by increased
profits for the investors and increased wages to their
men.
COMPENSATION F03, INJURED AND AGED WORK-
MEN.
In this issue of Canadian Machinery is an article on
protecting machinery and thus minimize the possibility
of accident. Accidents do happen, however, and employ-
ers should guard against them as much as possible. When
they do occur it is only reasonable that some steps
should be taken to look after the men's welfare.
The same applies when a man grows old in the ser-
vice of an employer. The Canadian Railroads recognize
this and pension a workman after a certain number of
years in their employ. If a firm or company buys a
machine and pays for it he can do with it what he will
but if he rents that machine anil it is damaged, he feels
in duty bound to replace it. When an employer rents a
man's brain and hands, therefore, and that man is in-
jured or grows old in his service, he should feel morally
bound to recompense. The Canadian Manufacturers' As-
sociation have taken ud the question and it is hoped
something definite will result. The question is one that
could be dealt with by the Provincial Governments and
the Labor Department of the Federal Governments.
There is no better course of study for any apprentice
or other young mechanic than to become as familiar as
possible with the many names and terms used in the
shops. While these vary in different sections, there are
always enough floating from city to city from whom
to learn many of the local terms with little trouble.
While it would be difficult to put a pay-day price on this
knowledge, no one can fail to be of more value who can
call a tool or part of a machine by its right name, rather
than to designate it as a "thing," preceded by one or
more lurid adjectives.— Ex.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, and Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
MOTOR-DRIVEN PIPE MACHINE, ily geared with a very powerful motor,
The Curtis & Curtis Co., of Bridge- which provides ample power for dull dies
port, Comi., have just placed on the or hard pipe. An economical feature is
market, a new design of electrically driv-i that the dies are clamped by one move-
en pipe cutting and threading machines, ment of a lever. The Curtis & Curtis
New Curtis & Curtis Motor-Driveu Pipe ThreadiQir jUACbiue.
as shown in accompanying illustration.
The die cutting head is of the usual
Forbes pattern, and is mounted on a
cabinet base with a motor for any cur-
rent desired concealed within.
The machine is entirely self-contained,
both as to the machine itself, and the
way the power is applied. The entire
machine can be moved from place to
place, and started by simply attaching
the wires. A trolley may be used over
the machine to handle the pipe. The
machine can be taken out on large jobs,
and easily moved from place to place.
Various speeds can be obtained, or the
machine can be started or stopped by
simply throwing a lever, while the moton
is allowed to run constantly.
The motor being situated inside of the
base, it is protected from drippings of
oil, or breakage resulting from the hand-
ling of long and heavy lengths of pipe
and fittings. The machine is very heav-
Co. would be pleased to send special in-
formation in regard to these machines on
application.
AUTOMATIC VARIABLE FEED.
The accompanying half-tone shows the
automatic variable feed to the head as
applied to the Rockford shapers. It will
be noted from the illustration that the
arrangement has been designed with the
view of simplicity and absence of com-
plicated parts, making it serviceable and
not liable to get out of order. It feeds
the tool either up or down and operates
at any angle. The triangular shaped in-
cline on which the roller rides can be
readily adjusted to suit the position of
ram or moved out of the way when not
in use.
The lever shown on the side of ram
with spring pin, regulates the amount of
feed. Six changes are provided, as fol-
lows : .008, .016, .021, .032, .040,
.048. The lever on top of the ram re-
verses the teed and throws the gears out
Remington Benrh Ltitlie.
of mesh, by placing lever in central po-
sition when not in use.
The Rockford shaper is manufactured
by the Rockford Machine Tool Co., Rock-
ford, 111., U.S.A.
UNIVERSAL HORIZONTAL BORING
MACHINE.
The accompanying illustrations show a
new No. 3 size of the universal horizon-
tal boring machine, recently placed on
the market by the Universal Boring Ma-
chine Co., Hudson, Mass. This No. 3
machine, they term their 3" x 30" x
30", which refers to the size and travel
of the boring bar ; the machine has a 3
inch bar, a vertical feed of 30 inches and
a horizontal travel of 30 inches.
Fig. 1 shows the spindle drive. The
machine is of the single pulley type and
may be driven from the line shaft. A
shifter handle is located at B. The drive
to the spindle is transmitted from the
speed gear box through the vertical
shaft E to the head proper. The ex-
terior and interior details of the head
are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The head
casting is one single casting, with oil
pockets cored out in the casting itself
for holding lubricant for the bearings
and gears.
In Fig. 2 are shown the various oper-
ating handles, the handle A reverses the
direction of rotation of the spindle by
operating the jaw clutch J, as shown in
Fig. 3. The handle B, operates the
clutch O, Fig. 3, changing the machine
from direct geared drive to back geared
drive.
As will be seen in Fig. 3, the power is
transmitted from the speed gear box
through the shaft E to the spur gear F,
then through G to the bevel gear H.
The bevel gear H, I and I2 together
with the clutch J make up the reversing
CANADIAN MACHINERY
111
mechanism. Prom the reversing me-
chanism the power is transmitted direct
to the driving gear, when the clutch 0
is engaged with K ; or around through
the gears L and M, when the clutch is
engaged with N.
The driving gear has been placed at a
able to be placed on the head well in to-
wards the face of the spindle allowing
the operator to see his boring cutters
and make adjustments at the same time.
A. travel of 30 inches at one setting of
the adjustable collar T is obtained. The
automatic bar feed is received from the
feed gear box through shaft n, which
carries a worm meshing with the worm
gear U. On the same shaft with this
down into the reservoir below. The
large reservoir for the lubrication of the
main spindle bearings is filled at N, and
drained at O.
The method of transmitting the auto-
matic feed to the table is shown in Fig.
5. The table has been removed from the
saddle, so as to show the details of the
feed. The power is transmitted from tha
feed gear box through the shaft X which
Fig. 1. — Spindle Drive Universal Horizontal
Boring Machine Co., Chicago.
Fig. 3.— I'owcr Transmission, Universal Horizontal Boring Machine.
point nearest the work, as shown in
Pig. 4, Q being the driving gear and P
the driving pinion. This arrangement se-
cures stiffness in large milling cutters,
and at the same time eliminating chat-
ter. The driving gear has a long hub,
which forms the spindle and to the spin-
dle are fastened two keys V and V2,
which drive the boring bar. The hub of
the driving gear forms a face plate to
which a face milling cutter may be fas-
tened, four holes having been drilled and
tapped out for the purpose.
The design of the head casting permits
the rack S to travel the full length of
the head, thus the hand wheel for the
quick movement of the boring bar is
worm gear is the spur pinion which
drives the rack. Referring to Fig. 2, E,
is a positive clutch, which secures hand
wheel D, to the worm gear.
The spindle proper is surrounded by an
oil reservoir, the gears run in a bath of
oil lubricated by the splash system and
the oil reservoirs will be seen as indicat-
carries mounted on it a 45 degree spiral
gear meshing with the 45 degree spiral
gear W and a jaw clutch. The spiral
gear runs free on shaft X, while the jaw
clutch is keyed with a sliding spline.
The spiral gear W carries the nut for
operating the table feed and when the
lever at the right of the saddle is pulled
out as shown the jaw clutch engages
corresponding teeth in the hub of the
spiral gear, beneath the saddle, thus en-
gaging the feed. The stop Z is for
ihrowing out the cross feed automa-
ticallv. At Y is shown a nut secured to
1- ig. J. — operaluig Handles
Fig. 4.— Driving Gear
pri by the letters I, J, L, K, M, and N.
This system of oiling consists of a wick-
ing laid in a slot miUed out of the bear-
ing, the ends of the wicking dipping
Fig. 5.— Automatic Few),
112
CANADIAN MACHINERY
the saddle so that the saddle and table
have travel by power or hand longitu-
dinally along the bed of the machine.
Hand crank feed with micrometer adjust-
ment is furnished for the operation of
the table for longitudinal and cross
movement as well as automatic feed.
The gear box contains the feed and
speed change gears, which are made of
steel ; these gears run in a bath of oil
providing sufficient lubrication, quiet
running, and consequent long wear.
Eight speed changes are secured from
the gear box, by means of levers C and
D, Fig. 1, and these are doubled at the
head by the back gear lever, giving a
range from 15 to 200 revolutions per
minute. There are nine feed changes in
either direction for the head, one lever
reversing or stopping all feeds and re-
taining their relation to each other. The
feeds range from |" to 5J" per minute
without reference to the speed of the
T^* spindle.
INTERNAL GRINDERS.
The Bath Grinder Co., Fitchburg,
Mass., have placed on the market at-
tachments for their grinders for internal
grinding. Fig. 1 shows the No. 5 ma-
^
^
^>
F\g. L^Bath Grinder with Improved Swivel
Headstock.
chine with improved swivel head stock
arranged to grind straight or taper
work by the grinding spindle entering the
hole from the back end, the headstock
shown on the right with the water
shield cover open, to true the wheel or
mount or remove the work from the
headstock.
Fig. 2 shows the same machine with
special headstock furnished tor grinding
pneumatic hammers and long bushings.
Fig. 2. — Special Headstock for Grinding
Pnenniatic Hammers.
Fig. 3 shows both No. 2J duplex in-
ternal grinder. This machine has only
one spindle head with two grinding
spindles projecting from each side and
driven by one belt. Fig. 4 shows this
machine with the face plate and univer-
sal chuck mounted in the headstocks,
with the grinding spindles entering from
the back end. Fig. 5 shows the head-
stock reversed and the arrangement of
grinding from the front end of the hole
in place of the back end.
Fig. 6 shows improved swivel head-
stocks and assortment of work holding
Fig. 3.— liatli
Duplex lutenial Grinder.
fixtures furnished with No. 2i and No. 5
machine. A gives an end view of the
headstock furnished for grinding pneuma-
tic hammers and long bushings. B
shows 4|" steel spring collet. C shows
a set of reducing bushings furnished with
B spring collet for reducing the hole to
size. These bushings are furnished in 8
sizes. D shows a step spring chuck,
with jaws for holding work that cannot
be held inside of the spring chuck. The
Fig.
4. — Face Plate and Universal
Mounted In Headstock.
Cbuck
reducing bushings C can also be furnish-
ed with spring chuck D. E shows the 4-
jaw independent chuck mounted on quill,
and is held in the spindle head, the same
as B or D. F shows face plate. H and
I show spindle heads as shown with ma-
chine in Fig. 1 and 3.
Fig. 7 shows 8 sets of internal manu-
facturing spindles for No. 21 and No. .'>
grinders. A shows a set of large spin
dies made from one solid piece of steel.
B shows a set of spindles that are used
with No. 2* and No. 5 machine, mounted
in base plate, as shown in Fig. E. Six-
teen diameters of spindles are made from
stock of 3" diameter, and the ends re-
duced to the diameter of the hole to be
u;round. The grinding spindles have a
Fig. 6.— Swivel Head Stocks, Bath Grinder.
large body of metal at the back end,
which absorbs the vibration of the high
speed grinding spindle, and absorbs the
heat generated at the small end of the
spindle, and permits the grinding spin-
dle to run at a higher speed. The bear-
ings are made from Tobin Bronze, and
the grinding spindles hardened, ground
and lapped. There are no oil holes in
the body of the spindles. They are oiled
from the back end, which makes them
dust proof, and the machine does not
have to be moved out of position to oil
them.
Fig. 8 shows application of 8 grinding
'.vheels, and method of holding and grind-
ing a divided gear on a gear-hobbing ma-
chine, internally from the back end and
the front end at the same time, extern-
ally on the periphery and side.
ADVANCE IN MACHINE TOOLS.
The developing of machine tool con-
struction and its advances in recent
years, was the subject of a lecture given
last night before the mechanical section
of the Canadian Society of Civil En-
gineers bv Colonel Alex. Bertram, of
Fig. B.— Headstock Upverscrt fmm Fig. 4.
V\g. 7. — Internal Spindles.
John Bertram & Sons Co., Dundas. The
chair was occupied by Mr. H. H. Vaug-
han, and there was a large attendance
of members. The lecture, which was il-
lustrated by lantern slides, demonstrat-
ed the advance made within the last half
century and more particularly in the last
decade in machine tool invention.
POWER EQUIPMENT & APPLICATION
Expert Descriptive Articles Dealing with Selection and Purchase of Most Suitable Power
Equipment for All Purposes, its Proper Application, Installation, Operation and Treatment.
GEARS AND GEARING*
By A. E. B.
'T^OOTHED wheel gearing is used to a
lesser or greater extent in a variety
of circumstances for the transmission of
motion and power from one shaft to an-
other. It has the advantage of precis-
ion over belts and ropes in this res-
pect.
In its design and arrangement, the
idea aimed at, is to have the minimum
of friction, an absence of noise, a con-
stantly equal power transmitted and
the principle of two plain cylinders rol-
ling on each other by the friction of
their surfaces, approached to as closely
as possible.
The diameter of the pitch circle, or in
other words what would be the diamet-
er of a plain cylinder, is reckoned as the
wheel diameter, and as a result when
two wheels gear properly, their pitch
circles meet and roll upon each other.
Pitch of Gears.
The most important measurement of a
gear is known as the pitch and there are
two distinct systems of determining it,
namely, the circular pitch system and
the diametral pitch system. The circu-
lar pitch is the distance between any
point in a tooth and the corresponding
point in the next tooth measured along
the pitch line. The diametral pitch is
the ratio of the number of teeth in a
gear to the pitch diameter. For ex-
ample, a gear of 12-inch pitch diamete-r
having thirty-six teeth would be known
as a three-pitch gear. The advantage of
this system is to avoid uneven diamet-
ers, as would follow by making a
thirty-six tooth gear of one inch circu-
lar pitch. The pitch diameter in such a
case would be 11.46 inches.
36x1
equal 11.46.
.3.1416
Cast iron and mortise gears are
measured on the circular pitch system
and cut gears on the diametral pitch
system.
Fine -pitch wheels have a smoother
and more uniform action than coarse
ones, therefore the pitch of teeth should
be designed to secure this operating
condition as far as consistent with the
power to be transmitted.
Methods of Manufacture.
Touching methods of manufacture, the
following may be taken as those com-
monly adopted:
Cast gears, the teeth of which are
formed by the pattern and cast to
shape.
Cut gears, the teeth of which are cut
from a solid casting by standard gear
cutter.';.
Internal spur gears, have the teeth on
the interior of the rim and pointing in
the direction of the shaft. This class o(
gear is the strongest for a given pitch,
and is used largely to economize space.
Internal spur gears rotate their shafts
in the same direction.
Elliptical spur gears, have their
shafts off the centre.
House tooth spur gears, have a por-
tion of their teeth encased between
flanges.
Bevel gears have the axis of their
shafts on the same plane and at right
angles.
Mitre gear is the term used when both
are of the same size.
Angle gears have the axis of their
Fig. 1.— Elevation of Back.
•Part I. of the third article of the Berlcn
of Power Transniisslon Equipment, Operation
and Etfli'lency Siil).1erts.
Mortise gears, the teeth of the larger
of the pair having mortises in the rim
into which are driven maple or beech
teeth well seasoned, the teeth being
keyed tight on the inside of the rim and
accurately dressed to shape.
Types of Gears.
The principal types and forms of
gearing in general use may be classified
as follows:
Spur gears, the axis of whose shafts
are parallel. Oblique tooth spur gears,
whose teeth are at an angle with their
shafts; known as double helical when
the teeth are also angular in shape, and
have their two ends on a line parallel
with the shaft. They are known as
single helical when the teeth are
straight. This class of spur gear runs
much more smoothlv than the ordinary.
shafts on the same plane and at an
angle other than a right angle.
Worms and worm wheels have the axis
of their shafts at an angle but not on
the same plane. A movement of the
wheel equal to the circular pitch results
in a complete revolution of the worm.
Rack and pinion gears are used tor
the purpose of changing their relative
position to each other by a parallel
movement.
.^n intermittent gear derives its name
from the intended purpose to stop the
driven gear for any given period of
time. It is accomplished by forming the
driver without teeth at definite inter-
vals desired.
Wheel and pinion are the names ap-
plied to the larger and smaller units
constituting one pair of gears.
Fig. 2.— .Mortise Teeth showing Wedge and Steel Pin AttarhuientJ
MACK
I'Mg. ^. — .Misrellaneuus I'ouble Helical Tooth Ueiirs.
114
CANADIAN MACHINERY ^
Two gears are said to mesh when
their teeth are engaged properly.
Miscellaneons Definitions.
The pitch line or circle is the path
described by that point of intersection
between the teeth where the speed of
both gears is equal. The pitch line of
tween the root circle and the addendum
circle.
The breadth of tooth is measured
across the face of the gear.
The thickness of tooth is measured
along the pitch line.
The space is the distance between the
teeth measured on the pitch line.
Fig. 4. — Bevel Wheel and i'inloD.
bevel and angle gears is measured at
the largest diameter.
The addenum circle is the path des-
cribed by the extreme outer end of the
teeth.
The addendum is that portion of the
teeth between the pitch line and the ad-
dendum circle.
The root circle is the path described
by the extreme inner end of the teeth.
Fig. 8.— Mitre 6«arg.
The root is that portion of the teeth
between the pitch line and the root
circle.
The outside diameter is measured in-
side the addendum circle.
The root diameter is measured inside
the root circle.
The pitch diameter is measured inside
the pitch line.
The pitch radius Is the distance be-
tween the centre of the gear and the
pitch line.
The line of centres is the distance be-
tween the centres of a pair of gears in
mesh.
The length of tooth is measured be-
The backlash is the difference between
the thickness of tooth and the space.
The end clearance is the distance be-
tween the addendum circle of one gear
and the root circle of the other when in
mesh.
The backing of bevel gears is the dis-
tance between the pitch circle and the
extreme end of the hub.
Speed of Gears.
The speed at which gears may be
safely run consistent with moderate
wear and tear varies considerably in the
opinion and practice of operators and
designers. The following are however
examples of what may be considered
common and reliable performance in feet
per minute:
Ordinary cast iron wheels, 1,800.
Helical cast iron wheels, 2,400.
Mortise wheels, 2,400.
Ordinary cast steel wheels, 2,600.
Helical cast steel wheels, 3,000.
Cast iron machine-cut wheels, 3,000.
Gears made of rawhide or fibre can be
operated safely at a higher speed and
are generally superior for wearing quali-
ties, although not as strong as metal
gears.
The construction of the arms combines
great strength with light weight. In
all pulleys eighteen inch and upwards
the arms have openings to reduce weight.
Pulleys thirty-six inch and upward have
NEW STEEL PULLEY.
A new steel pulley is being placed on
the Canadian market by Schuchardt &
Schutte of Montreal, Que., which has
several interesting features. The pul-
leys are all steel and are light and strong.
The rim is composed of two layers
locked together. The ends overlay the
arms and bolts which hold the two halves
of the pulley together, pass through the
hole, which prevents the danger of strip-
ping rim and ensuring great strength to
the arch forming eacli half pulley.
Fig. l.-rSteel l'uiif.\.
four arms. All sizes of jjulleys have one
uniform bore for taking bushings of one
uniform outside diameter for different
sizes of shaftings. Stamped steel bush-
ings are supplied to adapt the pulleys
to smaller diameters. These bushings
have a very fast grip on the shaft and
eliminate to a great extent the danger of
turning loose. No rivets or bolts are
used in the construction of the pulleys.
Fig. 2.— Steel I'ulley.
The pulleys are manufactured in very
large quantities with very heavy presses,
a special die being used for each size.
Their accuracy in running true is ob-
tained by rolling all the steel plate, en-
tering into the manufacture of these pul-
leys before it is used, with the aid of
very heavy rolling mills, securing an ac-
curacy of .000.S9 in.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
PRODUCE.
By Service.
The ofiftce is made to sell and the fac-
tory to produce. These are the two gen-
eral divisions. If this be so, why not
make the factory produce and produce
efficiently without any peak loads.
"How shall I do it ?" is the natural
question. Some managers and superin-
tendents have tried some schemes and
some others. Some have been successful,
and some haven't. Some have tried
schemes of rewarding men, some have in-
stalled systems, yet the factory failed
to produce more than previously.
The trouble is that the business man-
agers fail to use the knowledge they ac-
quire in the management of their own
plant. They know of obstacles and pit-
falls into which others have fallen but do
not try to avoid them. Men do not like
being told so but it is true, nevertheless.
The writer had to learn by experience
and only a fool will not listen to ex-
perience. It is easy to point to failures.
It is easy to point out where men may
fail but that is not the purpose of this
letter. ITS OBJECT IS TO TELL
MEN HOW TO FORESEE, AVOID
.\ND OVERCOME OBSTACLES AND
MAKE THE FACTORY PRODUCE.
How to Produce.
''NEVER PUT OFF 'TILL TO-MOR-
ROW WHAT YOU CAN DO TO-DAY."
It is the easiest thing in the world to
pigeon-hole seemingly unimportant thing$
and say, "I'll attend to that to-mor-
row." Better do away with the roll-top
desk if you use it for that purpose. It
was never intended for that. Finish
everything as it comes and you will be
surprised what it will mean in the way
of production.
2. STUDY MEN. You are in constant
touch with the men. Your position as
manager, superintendent or foreman calls
for it. Sometimes a man comes into the
office asking for a raise. You are busy
at something else and dismiss him with
a curt remark. You have offended him
and his rate of production is lowered.
If you are busy, say so. Tell him you'll
talk about it to-morrow and if he isn't
worth a raise give him something to
hope for. One reason why Clarence S.
Funk rose from a $\0 a week clerk to
the general managership of a $140,000,-
000 corporation was because he studied
men. Mr. Funk says : "They must be
treated as friends and co-workers." Give
them some responsibility, make the men
self-reliant yet obedient. Teach them to
say yes or no. Encourage them. Be ab-
solutelv fair.
You can get the men to take a part-
ner's interest. Large companies are be-
ginning to realize it. Libraries, hos-
pitals, educational classes, etc., are not
furnished and financed for pleasure or
philanthropy. It is a business propo-
sition. Men appreciate it and it has a
marked effect on the production. "First
Aid" means that men are promptly at-
tended to in the case of injury and very
often no time is lost by them where
otherwise they would be greatly weak-
m--
PRODUCE!
One Dollar that In Earning Inter-
est is More Valuable Than Two
Dollars That are Earning
Non^.—
A Humble Talent that Is put to I'se
Is Worth More than Genius
'Lying Idle—
A SINGLE IDEA THAT IS CON-
VERTED INTO ACTION IS
DOING BETTER SERVICE
THAN A THOUSAND
IDEAS THAT ARE
UNEXPRESSED—
A Menial Job that Brings in Real
Cash P8.VB More Bills Than the
High-salaried Position In
Prospect—
The Pennyworth that is Sold Spells
Bigger Profits than the Dollar-
worth that Stays on the
Shelf—
A Bird In the Hand is Worth Two
in the Bush^
SAY IT WITH AS MANY FRILLS
AS YOU WANT, THE POINT
IS THIS:
DO SOMETHING. DELIVER THE
GOODS. PRODUCE!
11
— Sjrs tern
m
m
ened and be on the sick list for some
days seriously aftecting the organization
and output.
INTERFACTORY TRANSPORTA-
TION. Did you ever enter a shop and
see five of six men moving a large cast-
ing from the foundry to the machine
shop, or from the machine shop to the
shipping room. A great deal of waste
time and effort can be entirely eliminat-
ed by a good crane service or an indus-
trial track connecting the departments.
One man could then handle large cast-
ings and the time of the other four or
five men could be used to good advan-
tage to increase the output o( the plant.
In shipping it is advantageous to have
the top of the car level with the floor
unless cranes may be used. The direct
loading of small castings or boxes will
be found to be more quickly than by a
crane. Some plants have to transport
the product of the factory to the station
by waggons or motor trucks. The low-
ered portion will be found to be of equal
service here when the trucks are the
same level as the shipping floor.
Scientific Management.
The fact is that all the points that
could be brought up, would fill volumes.
The manager must Ao some "digging" in
his own plants. There are ellicient ana
inefficient ways ot aoing things. Ibe me-
thods should be investigaled and cor-
rected. Perhaps there is insufficient
light, the tool room is not convenieni,
there is insufficient equipment, or
cuttings that could used to man-
ufacture something and produce a
profit are thrown under a boiler.
I'here are a thousand and one wastes
that should be investigated and eliminat-
ed. The scientific manager will find them
out, and plan the work.
A locomotive under one master me-
chanic may cost $100 to repair but be
back in the repair shop in a month. A
.successor may repair it at $125 and it
will stand hard service for three months.
Evidently the second one has discovered
the secret of wise expenditure. MAKE
EVERY DOLLAR BUY ITS FULL
EQUIPMENT IN STANDARD PRE-
DETERMINED SERVICE AND IN
THE FACTORY MAKE EVERY DOL-
LAR COUNT IN SECURING IN-
CREASED EFFICIENCY.
In plaster of Paris molding, the usual
difficulty is in not completely drying the
mold. Unless it is "bone dry" the me-
tal will not fill the mold as the steam
produced from the dampness will blow
the metal away from the surface of it.
In order completely to expel all the
moisture from the mold, it must be heat-
ed nearly red hot. It should also be
used while warm, in order to prevent abr
sorption of moisture from the air.
Metals should not be melted too ra-
pidly or certain portions of them will
become overheated before the rest arrive
at the melting temperature. The best
condition is when all of the metal ar-
rives at the melting point at practically
the same time. This is difficult to re-
alize in practice, but .should be attempt-
ed.
116
CANADIAN MACHINERY
THE FACTORY TELEPHONE.
By Efficiency.
THE factory telephone which formerly
was considered a luxury is now re-
garded as a necessity in every business
as a time saver. The present shop or-
ganization includes automatic telephones
for communication between all depart-
ments.
The very nature of the modern ma-
chine shop organization with its var-
ious departments covering a large
ground area demand that some quick
method of communication be installed
that will put every department in close
touch with any and every department
and IT SHOULD NOT BE NECES-
SARY FOR THE FOREMAN OF,
SAY, THE MILLING DEPARTMENT
TO GO TO THE FOUNDRY TO AS-
CERTAIN WHY CERTAIN CAST-
INGS REQUIRED FOR A RUSH
ORDER HAVE NOT REACHED HIM.
HIS TIME IS TOO VALUABLE TO
BE THUS WASTED. Again, the ship-
ping department, located perhaps in a
remote part of the works, should be in
as close touch with the superintendent
as the drafting-room just outside his
office.
The value of the automatic telephone
is shown in its low initial cost and cost
of upkeep and in the saving of time,
thus increasing the efficiency of high
paid officials. Formerly when the su-
perintendent wished to communicate
with a departmental foreman, he had to
hunt him up in his department and de-
liver a minor instruction that could as
easily, have been delivered by telephone.
The reverse is also the case. Former-
ly when a foreman wished to find the
superintendent, he traveled to the su-
perintendent's office and nine times out
of ten found him out, as the superin-
tendent's duties took him all over the
plant. Then he hunted for him in the
stock room, foundry or some of the
other departments, at last discovering
him after the lapse of half an hour or
more. During this time the department
was without a foreman. Now with the
telephone, the foreman need not leave
his department. He presses a button
on the telephone and at once gets into
touch with the superintendent, whether
he is in his own department or another.
By the factory telephone not only
may the superintendent be located in a
hurry, but also any others who may
be making a tour through the works.
In a few moments all the stations can
be called up If necessary, the desired
persons located, and any communica-
tion transmitted or information ob-
tained with promptness.
A superintendent's call instrument may
be used at any station in connection
with the automatic factory telephone
to enable a general call being given
throughout the system for the superin-
tendent who may be in one or another
of the departments. For this purpose
there is required a button in each set,
or a separate push button, for each
station from which it is desired to send
in a general call for the superintendent;
a call bell for each department outside
of his own in which the superintendent
is likely to be engaged ; a battery and
a pair of wires in the cable connecting
the different stations, or a twisted pair
of No. 19 B. & S. gage rubber covered
copper wires.
Operation.
In the automatic factory telephone,
connection between stations is estab-
lished by simply pressing a button. One
button is mounted on the set for each
of the stations connected to the sys-
tem. A name plate is provided with
space opposite each button for designat-
ing the name or location of the station
The Automatic Office Telephone.
associated with the button. The same
button is used both for signaling the
station desired and for establishing the
telephone connections. The operation is
therefore very simple.
To make a call, press way down the
button opposite the name of the sta-
tion desired ; this places the key in its
ringing position. Then release the pres-
sure on the button and the key will re-
turn to its talking position. Remove
the receiver from the hook and place it
to the ear.
To answer a call press the button de-
signated "Ans."; remove the receiver
from the hook and place it to the ear.
After a conversation is finished it is not
necessary to release the button as it is
automatically restored when the next
connection is established.
between the store room and cost clerk's
office. In another there is a speaking
tube between the order and stock de-
partments. Some time ago the Na-
tional Cash Register installed a dummy
waiter between the machine shop and
the stores department on the floor be-
low. The stock is sent up by the man
in charge of that department without
the necessity of another man or delays
in delivery.
In the machine shop of the Smart-
Turner Machine Co., Hamilton, a com-
bination of this system has been in-
stalled by R. McKechnie, the superin-
tendent. In order to provide larger
space for shop equipment, the tool
room and stock departments were re-
moved to the galleries. When a work-
man required stock or a tool, he had
to climb a stair to the gallery, requir-
ing considerable time during which his
machine was idle.
The difficulty was solved by install-
ing in a convenient position, a dummy
waiter and speaking tube. Now when
a workman requires stock he sends up
a properly signed requisition, or if he
requires a certain tool he sends up his
check and calls up the man in charge of
the tool room. If any explanations are
desired they may be made by means of
the speaking tube. The tool-room and
stock departments are adjacent and the
one installation serves for both.
DUMMY WAITER AND SPEAKING
TUBE SAVES MONEY.
By M. E. D.
The dummy waiter and the speaking
tube are finding an increasing use in the
factory. One plant with which the
writer is familiar has a speaking tube
ALUMINUM BRONZE.
An article in the "Brass World" by
E. S. Sperry states that aluminum
alloys with copper in all proportions
and homogeneous mixtures are produced.
When the Al. reaches beyond 10 p.c. the
bronze begins to become brittle, and a
12 p.c. mixture is so hard that it may
be used for hard dies. The mixture gen-
erally used for sand casting is the 10
p.c. alloy It is hard and tough and
answers all the requirements of a strong
metal. The greatest difficulty in the
way of casting Al.-bronze is its oxida-
tion when melted. The only method by
which it can be cast in a commercial
manner is to prevent its being agitated
while the pouring is taking place. The
more quietly it can be poured the small-
er the quantity of dross. Dross which
forms in melting may be skimmed off,
but that which forms while the pouring
is taking place enters the casting. An-
other difficulty in casting the alloy is
the shrinkage of the same ; but by the
use of sufficiently large risers and free-
dom from sharp corners in the casting
with an ample gate, any shrinkage may
be readily overcome. The toughness of
Al. bronze is probably greater than
that of any metal except steel. All
bronze works hot better than Cu. as it
is softer at a red heat. At the same
time, it is not black-short like the Cu.
and Zn. alloys.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
PITTSBURGH CONVENTION.
Owing to the big demand for exhibi-
tion space, the Foundry & Machine Ex-
hibition Co., successor to the Foundry
& Manufacturers' Supply Association,
has been obliged to arrange for addi-
tional space in the Western Pennsylvania
Exposition Society buildings, Duquesne
Way, Pittsburg, tor the exhibition of
foundry and pattern shop equipment,
machine tools and supplies, to be held
in May.
It has also been decided to open the
exhibit Tuesday, May 23, instead of
May 22, as originally arranged, and to
continue the exhibition over the first
four days of the following week. These
changes were decided upon at a meeting
of the executive committee of the Foun-
dry & Machine Exhibition Co., at the
Fort Pitt hotel, Pittsburg, Saturday,
March 4. Originally the committee ar-
ranged for a total of 28,000 square feet
ol exhibit space in the Western Pennsyl-
vania Exposition Society buildings and
23,000 square feet of this space was
sold within two weeks from the time
bids were opened. At the meeting,
March 4, the committee made arrange-
ments for the whole of the main floor
of the larger building, which will give
a total of 40,000 square feet of exhibit
space, which is about 8,000 square feet
more than used in past years.
The decision to continue the exhibition
into the second week has been made on
account of the annual meeting of the
American Society of Mechanical En-
gineers, which will be held in Pittsburg
that week.
The annual conventions of the A.F.A.,
the A.B.F.A. and the American Foun-
dry Foremen's Association, will be held
during the first five days. The meetings
and exhibits should attract large num-
bers of men interested in the manufac-
turing industries and it is hoped a large
number of Canadians will avail them-
selves of this opportunity of seeing side
by side the various types and makes of
molding and pattern-making machinery
and machine tools. The exhibit will be
open from 8.30 to 5.30 daily and two
or more evenings subject to the deci-
sion of the management.
Some men are so full of faith in them-
selves that there is no room left for
ability.
The man who is always looking for
precedents must keep his face turned to
the rear.
PITTSBITRO roNVKNTION l'RO«KAMMB.
Ameriran Foundrymen's Asitoclatton.
American Brass Founders' Association.
Associated' Foundry Foremen.
Foundry and Machine Kxhibitlon Co.
I'lTTSBUKG I'OnNDRY.MK.N'S ASSOCIA-
TION will properly entertain those attend-
ing the Conventions, and have made special
arrangements for the visiting ladles.
PBELiIMINABY PBOGBAMME.
(All at EXPOSITION BUILDINGS, unless
otherwise stated.)
MONDAY, May 22—2 p.m.— Registration only.
TUESDAY, May 23—9 a.m.— Registration.
10 a.m. — Joint Session — Addresses of Wel-
come— Papers on : —
Production Cost.
Economic Foundry Insurance.
Uniform Contracts, etc.
2 p.m. — Separate Session*.
A. F. A. — Papers on :
Unloading Methods.
Use of Borings in Cupolas.
Effect of alloys In Cast Iron.
Permanent Moulds, etc.
A. B. F. A. — Papers on :
Vanadium In Non-ferrous Alloys.
Determination of Nickel in Bronzes.
Pouring High-grade Bronzes, etc.
7 p.m. — F. & M. E. Co. — Exhibit — Open
throughout the week during the day, and
Saturday evening, May 27th.
W'EDNESDAY, May 24—9.30 a.m.— Joint Ses-
sion— Papers on :
Rotary Blowers.
Foundrv Construction.
Heating and Lighting Systems.
Pattern Making.
Molding Machines, etc.
2 p.m. — A. B. A. Steel Session — Papers on:
Acid and Basic Open Hearth Processes.
Electric and Converter Furnaces for
Steel Castings.
Effect of Vanadium and Titanium on
Steel.
2 p.m.— A. B. F. A. Session — Papers on :
Corrosion of Brass Foundry Products.
Pyrometer and the Aluminum Foundry.
Non-ferrous Foundry Economics.
Equilibrium Diagrams, etc.
2 p.m.— Individual Plant Visitation.
6.30 p.m.— Dinner— Pittsburg and Associated
Foundry Foremen. (Will announce place
later.)
THURSDAY. May 25— Joint Session.
9.30 a.m. — Papers on:
Molding Sand.
Use of Alloys.
Shot in Castings, etc.
1 p.m. — Train Excursion to Foundries and
Steel Works (Pennsylvania — Union Sta-
tion.)
8 p.m. — Entertainment by Foundry & Ma-
chine Exhibition Co. to Members of all
Associations and their guests attending
the Conventions.
FRID.\Y, May 26— Separate Session.
9.30 a.m.— Election of Officers and reading
of papers.
3.30 p.m. — Pittsburg and Cincinnati ball
game at the MilUon-dollar Forbes Field.
6.30 p.m.— Subscription Dinner, open to all
who attend the Convention or Exhibition.
(Will announce place later.)
SATURDAY, May 27— The Exhibition of the
Foundry & Machine Exiilbltlon Company
win he open throughout the day and
evening. Exhibition open daily, May 29
to June 1.
Convention Executive Committee.
Joseph T. Speer, Chairman.
F. H. Zimmers, Secretary.
J. S. Seaman, Finance.
H. E. Field, Convention.
W. A. Bole, Plant Visitation.
Eliot A. Kebler, Reception.
G. P. Bassett, .Jr., Ladies' Entertain-
ment.
E. D. Frohman, Ball Game.
W. B. Robinson, Press.
LARGE STEEL CASTmOS.
By Kelpie.
A few weight particulars of steel cast-
ings used in the construction of the
White Star steamships "Olympic" and
"Titanic" will doubtless be of interest
to readers of Canadian Foundryraan.
The stern frame, of special quality mild
steel and weighing 70 tons, is of hollow
or dished section in two pieces 63 and
37 feet 4 inches long respectively. In
casting the main piece of it, nearly 95
tons of molten metal were brought into
service. The after cross arms weigh 74
tons, the forward cross arms 45 tons,
and the rudder 100 tons.
YELLOW BRASS MIXTURE FOR
PLUMBERS' BRASS GOODS.
For high steam pressure yellow brass
does not give good results, and cannot
be used. It leaks and becomes brittle
at such a point, and is not sufficiently
non-corrosive for some kinds of work.
A red metal, therefore, is necessary for
such work. For plumbers' brass goods,
such as faucets and cocks, or similar
work, yellow brass can be used to a
good advantage in spite of opinions to
the contrary, and is much cheaper than
red metals. Some manufacturers main-
tain that although a yellow brass mix-
ture is cheaper than a red one, the
castings made from it are practically
no cheaper than those made from red
metal on account of the greater percen-
tage of loss ; but this has not been
found true in practice, and evidently
has been brought about by the use of
a poof ftiixture.
A yellow brass mixture for making
plumbers' brass goods should not con-
tain too much spelter, or the castings
will contain dross, and leak. The fol-
lowing one has been found very satis-
factory for such work, and is extensive-
ly used :
Copper 70 lb.
Zinc 25 lb.
Lead 3 lb.
Tin 2 1b.
The tin is necessary for producing the
desired stiffness and hardness, and the
lead will impart the free cutting quali-
tie.«! required in brass to be worked on
automatic tools. Care should be taken
not to exceed the quantity of lead given.
The preceding mixture, according to
the "Brass World," will give hard,
strong castings, and will cast soundlv
and run freely.
Description of the Doherty Process of Ironfounding
By Cupola
Being a Few Notes Taken of a Paper Read By W. A. Grocock, Toronto, at a Meeting of
the Central Railway and Engineering Club Held in Their Rooms, Prince George Hotel,
Toronto, on Tuesday Evening, 21st March, 1911.
MR. DOHERTY, the inventor of the
process bearing his name, is a
Canadiain by birth, having been bom in
Sarnia, Ont. He has devoted the major
portion of his lifetime to ironfounding
investigation, with a view to determin-
ing if possible, some reliable data by
means of which accurate results may be
forecasted.
It is well known to all engaged in
foundry work, that variation of quality
is found in two or more sample cast-
ings under test, in spite of equal provi-
sion made by every determinable and
known condition or circumstance, to
have thea\ alike.
Uncertainty of result seeks a remedy
in the right amount of air at the blast,
amount and suitability of fuel, melting
ill I
I (
Fig. 1. — Lower part of Cupola with Doherty
Process Attacbment.
temperature and introduction of some
other factor to co-operate with these,
in dealing with the variety and physical
composition of the mixture to be
melted.
Explanation of Process.
In the Dobcrty process, the factor in-
troduced is that of dry or slightly su-
perheated steam. Referring to Fig. 1,
the steam pipe A. A. is carried around
the cupola as shown, and from it, ^-in.
branch pipes with regulating valves
enter the blast chamber and are directed
through each tuyere.
To prevent condensation, the steam
piping is covered with non-conducting
composition, and the pressure of steam
used has been from 80 to 90 pounds per
square inch.
Results Attained.
The effect of the steam jets is to gen-
erate hydrogen gas which absorbs and
carries off the sulphur present, and
thereby ensures a more homogenous,
softer and stronger casting.
The presence of sulphur as is well
known, contributes largely to the com-
parative weakness of castings. This
feature of easy riddance admits of the
use of materials for cupola purposes,
more or less high in that element, and
is simply a question of operation and
jet regulation to deal with it in abnor-
mal quantity.
It was also shown by Mr. Grocock
that material for the melt, high in
oxide gave a higher return in iron cast
by the Doherty process than was ordin-
arily attainable. In other words less
oxide went to slag, and more of it was
saved.
Further beneficial results claimed for
the process, are a cleaner and longer
life to the furnace, with the practiabil-
ity of the use of scrap of immaterial
quality and quantity.
Personal Experiences.
On assuming charge of the foundry of
a bridge works at Garston, Liverpool,
England, Mr. Grocock was informed
that this department showed a loss of
$5,000 for the year previous. With a
commendable confidence in himself and
the Doherty process, which by the way,
he had successfully operated in Rangoon,
British Burmah, Mr. Grocock set him-
self steadfastly to make good.
That he and his process succeeded is
borne out by the following results. The
$5,000 loss was turned into a $7,500
gain, realized by an output increase,
which gradually developed until the cor-
responding twelfth month showed an in-
crease of 160 per cent. Factors con-
ducing to the achievement were the re-
duction of wasters from 18 to .9 per
cent, and back scrap from 40 to 8 per
cent.
The metal produced, approached close-
ly to that of malleable cast iron, being
uniform, close grained and silver grey
in color. Test bars from it showed
with a load of 3,360 pounds on centre, a
permanent set of 1 inch without frac-
ture.
Costs and Opinions of Users.
The Doherty process involves an extra
percentage of limestone for flux pur-
poses being added, hut the additional
expenditure in this respect is limited to
about 1 cent, per ton.
Cupola and machine shop savings have
been shown to amount to $4 per ton.
A superior casting free from that hard-
ness which worries and increases cost
of machine work, is by the Doherty
process attainable.
Among different concerns using the
system may be instanced the Goldie
& McCulloch Co., Gait, Ont. Their com-
mendation or appreciation is to be
found in the tact that their experience
has been satisfactory. They have found
that more scrap and less pig iron can
be used, and that the casting is softer,
tougher and stronger. Permanent adop-
tion of the process has been made by
them.
The discussion of the subject by var-
ious members at the close of the paper
elicited the information that the process
has been in use off and on for about 10
years, and that its adoption has not
been as general as might have been ex-
pected due to the fact perhaps that
Fig. 2. — Lower part of Doherty Iron and
Steel Cupola.
• >»•
CANADIAN MACHINERY
119
scrap, to which it has special applica-
tion, is something like $1 per ton dearer
than pig iron.
Combined Iron and St«el Cupola.
Fig. 2 shows the latest Doherty in-
vention ; a combined iron and steel
cupola which has for its aim the con-
version of molten iron into steel, suit-
able for machinery purposes to which
cast iron is at present generally appli-
cable.
The upper portion of the figure is
equipped with the Doherty process as in
Fig. 1, and is used for melting the iron.
The bottom of the chamber is coned to
form the neck K, through which the
molten metal passes to the lower
chamber. Here, compressed air is blown
into and under the iron by means of the
connection P, the effect of which is with
proper regulation to convert the metal
into steel of any desired constituency.
The slag is drawn off at outlet V, and
the resultant metal at J.
Mr. Grocock treated the whole sub-
ject with the confidence of one who
knows the ironfounding business thor-
oughly, and his commendation of the
"Doherty Process" was marked by sin-
cerity of belief in its superiority over
the ordinary method.
bish is skimmed oR the surface of the
molten metal.
As soon as the metal is poured into
the mould, the moulding boxes are open-
ed and the castings sprinkled with water
to ensure quick cooling. Quick cooling
leaves the metal softer and more uni-
form than if slowly cooled. Further, the
metals forming the alloy have a tend-
ency to separate, and as a consequence
BRASS MELTINa FURNACE.
By Pettier.
The sketch fig. 1 shows in detail the
arrangement and equipment of a useful
furnace for melting brass and alloys of
a like nature. Its principal dimensions
internally are 15 inches square by 28
inches deep. The flue hole is 10 by 7,
the chimney 10 inches square inside and
at least 15 feet high.
It is built of ordinary brick, lined
with firebrick, and has front fire-bar
bearer moveable, to permit of its sliding
forward and allow the bars to drop down
as required.
Such a furnace will melt 80 pounds of
metal quickly and easily.
The tongs for pouring the metal are
shown at A, and those for lifting the
crucible off the fire at B.
The Melting Process.
The following is a description of
the melting process. The crucible
is placed over the fire, upside
down until properly heated. When
this has been effected, it is turned right
end up, made to rest with its bottom
on a firebrick clear of the bars, and pack-
ed round with coke to steady.
Copper cut into small pieces is then
placed in the crucible and melted, after
which tin is added, melted and mixed.
To test the proper casting heat, a
piece of zinc is dropped into the cru-
cible. If it flares up at once the metal
should be poured, if not, the proper cast-
ing heat has not been reached.
Previous to pouring, the dirt and rub-
Fig. 1.— H...SS .\icuiiig Kuruuce.
the heavier would be found at the bot-
tom of the mould.
In melting old brass, the addition of
tin may be unnecessary, although a
small addition of zinc is found beneficial.
When a mixture of part old brass and
part copper is melted, tin should be ad-
ded in proportion to the new copper, and
zinc in proportion to the old brass.
The strength of the metal varies con-
siderably, and depends to a large extent
on its manipulation both in the crucible
and in the casting.
MOTOR TRUCKS IN MANUFACTUR-
ING TRADES.
By K. Campbell.
TJA.NDLING an output of a factory,
'-^ receiving raw material and moving
machinery around the plant and yard is
often done at a great inconvenience in
some plants. If they are not adjacent
to a railway nor fully outfitted with
yard cranes, it is rather inconvenient
and sometimes costly to handle the ma-
terials used in the plant or shipped
from it.
It would be possible to pick examples
of work of self-propelled trucks in al-
most every line of manufacture. Many
forms of bodies have been designed to
facilitate the rapid loading and unload-
ing, with the object of keeping the ma-
chine actually running as many hours in
the days as possible, on the same prin-
ciple that every factory manager keeps
his machinery constantly in operation to
increase the earning capacity of the in-
vestment.
The market affords power trucks ol
every capacity, from one ton to ten toM,
with speed limits of from five miles to
fifteen miles an hour, loaded. There is
every possible choice for the purchaser
in the matter of power, type of engine
or battery, form of transmission and
final drive, in tire and other equipment
and in price.
Almost any motor truck can do the
work of three or more waggons and the
necessary teams to haul them, and there
are many services in which they are
proved by records to be doing several
times this proportionate amount of
work, with all the saving that this re-
presents.
Figures carefully compiled by The Gas
Engine show that ten three-ton gasoline
trucks, all covering forty miles a day
and operating 300 days a year, can be
maintained and operated at an average
daily cost per machine of $9.75. The
items contributing to this average are
as follows :
Fixed Charges Per Year on One Truck.
Interest, at 6 per cent on
$3,000, cost price $ 180.00
Depreciation, at 20 per cent. ... 600.00
Insurance, at i per cent 15.00
Storage, 200 sq. ft. at 50c 100.00
Total $ 895.00
Add 20 per cent, for two spare
machines 179.00
Total $1,074.00
Dividing by 300, the number of work-
ing days in the year, this gives $3.85 per
day.
Running Expenses Per Day for Ten
Trucks-
Wages of ten drivers at $2.50 for
ten hours $25.00
Wages of repairman, helper and
washer 7.00
Gasoline, 80 gallons, at 12c 9.60
Lubricants, at Ic per mile 4.00
Maintenance, at 10 per cent a year 10.00
Superintendence .'..... 3.20
Incidentals— light, heat, tools,
waste, etc 2.87
Total $61.87
Average running expense per truck 6.17
Fixed charges per truck per day... 3.58
Total maintenance and operating
ing cost $ 9.75
Calculated in the same way, it is
shown that a service of ten five-ton
trucks can be operated at an arerage
daily cost per vehicle of $11.48.
Such figures can only be taken as a
fair guide to the probable cost of an in-
stallation. They are, if anything, rather
high in the light of results obtained by
some users, but conditions of work,
usage and care vary so much with dif-
ferent installations that no figures can
be applied to all.
120
CANADIAN MACHINERY
MELTmO IRON IN CRUCIBLES.
By W. J. May.
The cupola is generally used on ac-
count of its cheapness in melting iron ;
irom 10 to 12 pounds of good coke melt-
ing 100 pounds of iron against 50 to 100
pounds of coke heing required for the
same melt in a crucible furnace with or-
dinary draught.
With an ordinarily well-built furnace
from forty to sixty pounds of coke
would be used, according to whether
early or late fires are being dealt with,
the latest melts naturally using less fuel
than the earlier ones ; but even with a
ten-hour day during which perhaps seven
melts are obtained, the average con-
sumption of coke will be close on fifty
pounds of foundry coke per hundred
weight of metal melted.
With coke at $10 per ton this means
that cupola melting costs 6 cents per
hundredweight of metal, while crucible
melting costs 25 cents per hundred,
weight for fuel alone.
Against this there is generally a bet-
ter class of metal obtained and the iron
thus melted is cleaner, and produces bet-
ter castings owing to its picking up
practically no impurities during melting.
Still, unless the work done is especially
particular, it scarcely pays to expend so
much on melting. If we have badly built
furnaces, we get larger fuel consumption
and much slower melting, with of
course, increased costs.
Furnace.
Carr's patent crucible furnaces when
properly fixed will be found to give bet-
ter results than the built furnaces ; but
these often prove expensive in fuel if the
flue and chimney part of the business is
badly designed ; for while as furnaces
they are better than the others they
still need the chimney arrangement to
be good, or they will eat up fuel.
All natural-draught furnaces depend on
the chimney and connecting flues for
their efficiency, and it is useless to alter
the furnace when the chimney is at fault.
Where economy is considered, a 400 ft.
Morgan tilting furnace of the A or D
type would give the best results both in
first cost and in melting. Soft grey iron
takes only about twenty-eight pounds of
hard coke per hundredweight of iron on
an average with a full day's work, pro-
vided there is electricity or some other
available motive power at command.
There is no chimney or expensive pit to
build, but only an iron flue-pipe to con-
vey the products of combustion outside
the workshop.
Probably only small castings compar-
atively would have to be cast in a works
foundry of small size, the large castings
being brought in from outside, and this
would mean that a portable furnace
which needs no deep pit, and in addition
no expensive chimney, would be more
economical in all ways than the usual
form of built furnace.
In most cases there would be a saving
in crucibles as well, because in the Mor-
gan furnaces the crucibles are fixed in
position, and need renewal only when
worn out in the actual melting work,
and are not, as is the case with or-
dinary furnaces, knocked to pieces with
the tongs and other tools, which are
"ery often badly fitting and altogether
too roughly made.
The great point in fitting up a foundry
for crucible melting is to ensure a mo-
derate cost for melting and repairs, and
to do away with large primary outlay.
The ordinary-built furnaces are cheap
enough in themselves, but if to the cost
of the furnaces and pit is added the cost
of chimneys, then the sum total be-
comes a large one, and compared with
the cost of one or more Morgan tilting
furnaces to provide the same output of
molten metal, probably there will be but
a slight difference.
If the value of the tilting furnace as a
salable asset be taken at any time the
balance will he in its favor. A brick
chimney has little value if pulled down,
but a mechanical furnace always has a
value according to its state of preserv-
ation.
Whatever furnace is used, care should
be taken that it is efficient and as eco-
nomical in working as the type selected
v/ill allow, while the very greatest care
must be taken that the accessories re-
quired for the proper working of the fur-
nace shall be as efficient as the furnace
itself.
Proper lifting apparatus should be pro-
vided where the crucibles have to be lift-
ed from the furnace, and this may be
simply a block tackle running on an I
beam, or some more complicated arran-
gement as the case may warrant ; but in
any case a straight vertical lift from
the furnace should he made to avoid
damage to the crucibles. The economical
use of labor is as important as is the
economical use of fuel ; the question of
expenditure in any foundry being of im-
portance.
Fuel.
Besides the furnace and its accessories
the fuel used is of considerable import-
ance ; a clean, hard coke being more ef-
fective than a dirty soft one. Besides
the texture of the fuel, its ash content
and the question of sulphur has to be
considered, for a coke high in sulphur
is injurious to the crucibles, and causes
their rapid reduction to a useless state.
Gas coke is an expensive fuel for cru-
cible work owing to its unequal compo-
sition, structure, and usually high sul-
phur content, and if the work actually
done with this fuel were compared with
what is done with an equal weight of
hard furnace coke, it would drop out of
use quickly, although the price per ton
be comparatively low. — Mech. World.
MISCELLANEOUS ALLOYS
By Crucible.
The product of a brass foundry excels
in variety of composition that of its
iron or steel substitute, due perhaps to
an ornamental as well as a practical use
being made of it.
Gun metal ' *
Where toughness and durability "are
wanted as for bearings and general cast-
ings, no better alloy than gun-metal is
available. The proportion and consti-
tuent parts when required to be hard
and tough, are copper 88, tin 10, zinc
2, giving a tensile strength of from
28,000 to 30,000 pounds per sq. inch.
For a softer and less strong metal,
2 parts less of copper and 2 additional
of lead are used.
Sound castings with sinall shrinkage
and not subject to corrosion are other
prominent features.
Size and rate of cooling of casting,
skill in properly mixing the various
metals, ventilating the molds and re-
lieving the cores, all conspire to affect
the ultimate strength. Large castings
have usually less strength than small
ones, due to the fact that they almost
of necessity must cool slower.
Phosphor Bronze
Phosphor bronze is composed of cop-
per and tin with about l per cent, of
phosphorus.
It is harder than ordinary gun-metal,
very close grained and of about 35,000
pounds per sq. inch tensile strength.
When heated, it is liable to crack. Much
care should be exercised in melting and
pouring it, and repeated melting depre-
ciates its virtue.
Manganese Bronze
Manganese bronze is in composition
similar to the two grades of gun-metal
already referred to except that a small
proportion of ferro-manganese is added.
It is largely used for propeller blades
and is rolled into rods for various me-
chanical and commercial services.
Propeller blades as ordinary cast, have
with it an ultimate tensile strength ol
about 49,000 pounds per sq. inch. If
cast on end, however, and with a head
of 2 feet or more, slightly better re-
sults will be obtained.
The strength of the rolled rods varies
from 63,000 eo 72,000 pounds per square
inch ultimate tensile strength.
Moffitt & Irving have applied for 3 1-5
acres of Ashbridge's Bay, Toronto, to
erect a steel foundry and smelter.
R. J. Cluff, general manager of Steel
and Radiation, Ltd., is preparing to
erect the first building of their new
plant in St. Catharines. This building
will be 120x240 ft. and will cost $100,-
000
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Establishriient or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.
Foandry and Machine Shop.
OALT, ONT.— The Canadian Tup & Die Co.
intend adding considerable new equipment
to tbeir plant in the near future.
MONTRKAL, QUE.— F. Driacoll has suc-
ceeded in Interesting a nuralier of Montreal
capitalists in the Ilerbst Full Light Moving
Picture machines and a company has been
formed with a capital of $100,000 to manufac-
ture and sell the machines which permit of
motion pictures being shown without the ex-
tinsuishlng of the lights in a theatre.
LONDON, ONT.— The C.P.R. will spend
$500,000 on a new 22-stall round house, new
station yards and car shops in this city.
CARGILL. ONT.— Mr. MeGilUvray, of
Brockville, is promoting a company which is
egtablishing a windrailT and iron pump fac-
tory here.
LONDON, ONT.— A large American steel
Industry with a capital of from .$20,000,000 to
$30,000,000, may establish a branch in London.
I'ORT BtJRWELL. ONT.— The C.P.R. pro-
pose spending $30,000 here on a round house,
elevator, etc.
GUELPH, ONT.— Cowan & Walker have
been awarded the contract for the new fac-
tory of the Canada Gate Co., a branch of the
Iowa Gate Co., of Cedar Falls, Iowa.
CAMPBELLTON, N.B.— The machinery for
the equipment of the new I.C.R. repair shop
Is now fully installed and many machinists
and repair men have been recalled from
otncr shops along the line.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— It has been an-
nounced here that the Greig Co. will com-
mence work on their new plant as soon as
possible.
TORONTO, ONT.— The C.P.R. has placed
orders for about $3,500,000 worth of steel
rails. The greater part of this order went to
the Lake Superior Corporation, and the bal-
"'JS? '" '"* Dominion Iron and Steel Co. In
.addition to this, the railroad company is still
In the market for about 20,000 tons of rails,
which wiil bring Its orders for the present
year considerably over those for 1910. The
t-.N.R. has already placed orders for 90,000
tons, and before Its construction programme
is filled for the .vear, this amount will be
more than doubled.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.-Following the
announcement that the Lucky Jim smelting
works would locate here, comes the news
that this city will also get a wire nail fac-
tory a glass works, an artiflclal stone and
marble industry and a foundry and machine
?.P'.,,.*''"'^, '"'''*' "•'■en'l.v been selected for
the Alberta linseed oil mill and the Alberta
iron roller mills.
HAMILTON, ONT.— As a sequel to the
numerous reports publislied that the plans
of the Oliver Chilled Plow Co. depended to a
certain extent upon the present reciprocity
negotiations, the president, J. D. Oliver his
I.ssued a flat denial of the same and expresses
his regret that the company's name should
be dragged Into politics.
SYDNEY. C.B.— The new ammonia plant at
the steel works Is partly completed and the
whilip will be in operation In about a month
The best which the old plant has been able
to do Is thirteen tons. Twenty-seven tons
will be possible with only half of the new
plant in operation. Only one generator will
be at work each day.
VANCOUVER,. B.C.— The big plant of the
Quesnelle Hydraulic Gold Mining Co., on
Twenty Mile Creek, Cariboo District, which
will sift the bed of the Cariboo River will be
completed and go Into commission next
August. It cost upwards of $1,000,000.
NORTH VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Depart-
ment of Public Works, Canada, has awarded
McDougall-,Tenklns, Engineers, of North Van-
couver, a contract to build a steel tug for use
in Victoria Harbor. The type of engine will
be inverted fore and aft compound surface
condensing, with a high pressure cylinder 15
Inches and low pressure cylinder 34 inches
diameter, stroke 24 inches, back columns of
cast Iron, front columns of solid round steel, '
to be equipped with steam reversing gear.
Engines to be built by Boss and Duncan,
Glasgow. The boiler is to be of the Scotch
Marine type, single ended, 12 feet Internal
diameter at largest course by 11 feet long In-
side. Working pressure 1,50 pounds per
square inch. There are to be three Morrison
corrugated furnaces .30 Inches mean diameter.
Total cost will be $45,000.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— When the Imper-
ial Construction Co. finish work on the new
C.N.R. hotel they will commence the erection
of the plant for the enamel works at Bare
Point. It is also stated that they have the
contract for the Port Arthur Wagon Works.
SARNIA, ONT.— The Imperial Oil Co. are
building a new boiler shop, engine room and
blacksmith shop here. Additional improve-
ments will also be made during thi year.
WELLAND, ONT.— Jhe Electro Metals Co.
are pteparing to double the capacity of their
plant here.
HAMILTON, ONT.— The Oliver Chilled
Plow Works, have awarded the contract for
the erection of its assembling building,
amounting to $200,000 for the bulk contract,
to H. C. Christman & Co.. South Bend, Ind.
The Hamilton Bridge Works Co. has the
contract for the structural steel required.
They will soon ask bids for the erection of
a large malleable and gray iron foundry
here.
HALIFAX, N.S.— The Scotia Foundry Co.,
a new concern, have purchased from Aid.
Hoben, his store, factory and foundry, and
are remodelling the premises. V. H. Stuart,
for many years asociated with Aid. Hoben,
is the promoter and secretary of the new
company.
PRINCE ALBERT, SASK.— A large number
of prominent citizens were present at the
Prince .Albert Foundry recently, when the
first castings were turned out from that Iron
manufactory. Some months ago the city
council entered Into an agreement with W.
McDonald to purchase castings made by him
if he would establish a foundry here. This
.Mr. McDonald has done, and in partnership
with hira Is Mr. Eraser. The foundry Is now
a going concern and is already receiving a
liberal patronage.
NEW YORK.— The Pennsylvania Steel Co.
has booked orders for 200 tons of rails tor
the Canadian Pacific Railway, which is also
in the market tor three small bridge spans.
MEDICINE HAT. ALTA.— The C.P.R. has
been Instrumental In securing the removal of
the plant of the Lucky Jim Smelting Co.
from Nelson to this city. Conditions here
are much more favorable than In Nelson.
H.VNLEY, SASK.— The Ilanley Iron Works
are now under the control of Lee Bros, and
were opened early last month. A full line of
gasoline engines will be carried, Including
stationary, portable and tractors, and also a
line of automobiles.
TORONTO, ONT.- The Canadian Northern
Railway has so far this year, placed orders
for 90.000 tons of steel rails for delivery this
year. These will cost about $3,000,000. A
great proportion of the rails came from Syd-
ney, C.B. These will be laid In Ontario and
the Prairie Provinces.
I'ORT MANN, B.C.— The C.N.R. and the
British Columbia Steel Corporation are
arranging the details for the Intter's big
steel plant to be erected here. Water power
will be generated on a large scale and a
great deal of the smelting will be carried on
by electricity. The corporation has secured
coal and Iron deposits within a radius of 30
to fiO miles of the plant. The plans and esti-
mates of the United Engineering and Foun-
dry Co., Pittsburg. Pa., have been adopted
for the proposed plant.
IIESPELEH, ONT.— The Hall-Zryd Foun-
dry Co., of Grimsby, will locate here and car-
ry on the manufacture of stoves.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The C.P.R. has order-
ed two huge steam shovels from the Montreal
Locomotive Works, and are In the market for
steel for three small bridges which are being
built this year In connection with the im-
provements going on all over the company s
lines.
HALIFAX, N.S.— The city has approved of
legislation In regard to concessions to the
Nova Scotia Car Works and to Molrs, Ltd.
The Nova Scotia Car Co.. successors to the
Silllker Car Co. get 20 years exempt on from
taxation, the loan made to the Silllker Lo..
five million gallons of water free annually,
and the rest at the rate of TA rents per
thousand gallons, and less If the extra
amount used Is great enough to qualify i<"
the lower rates. Molrs. Limited, get 20 years
exemntlo.i of their entire equipment over and
above $8,500. It Is said to be the Intention
of this company greatly to Increase Its plant.
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, MAN.— The Cana-
dian Corrugated Pipe Co. will this year make
Improvements to their factory and Instal
machinery which will increase the output
more than four-fold.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— The C.P.R. has award-
ed a contract to DIgby & Orenler. contractors,
of Ferule for the construction of a large
bridge over the Old Man River at the south
fork, near Fernie. The bridge will be 860
feet In length and l."!" feet high, and will re-
quire l.iiOO.OOO feet of timber. 1.000 yards of
concrete. .">00 plies and 2.000 yards of excava-
tion. It is stated that Its construction wlU
occupy the greater part of six months.
The Shaft Bearings in
STEPTOE SHAPERS
never wear out. They are provided with bushings that can easily be replaced
if necessary, and Ring Oilers keep the bearings constantly flooded in oil,
thereby preventing the shafts from getting hot and cutting. The Bull Gear
bearing has a chain oiler, and a number of other features (which we cannot
explain here) make STEPTOE SHARPERS " just a little better."
The John Steptoe Shaper Co.
1953 Jessamine Street
CINCINNATI, OHIO
62
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The
IMPERIAL
CHUCK
made in Canada by Canadians,
answers every call made on it,
and gives long and satisfactory
service. Thoroughly tested and
examined prior to shipment.
Sent on 30 days' free trial will-
ingly. Why pay duty on im-
ported goods when the Imperial
Chuck has no superior any-
where ?
Write for catalogue ana ttlmcounts.
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Fcr seneral machinists' use.
Strons aad durable and
deslffaed for hard service.
Onr eatatogae shows many
styUs and sixts and is sent
fTM. : : : :
The Gushman Chuck Go.
Narilord, Conn., U.Si.
Established 1862
KINGSTON. ONT.— The K. & P. Ry. are
planning extensive Improvements this year.
I'hey will repair and renew about thlrty-flve
small bridges and culverts and put in six or
seven thirty-Inch and thlrty-sli-lneh con-
crete pipe culverts, erect three small steel
girders, and two six-foot concrete arch cul-
verts and four rail top concrete culverts. The
company will also Install a pillar crane for
handling coal at Renfrew.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— The C.P.R. are calling
for tenders for the construction of a new
ten-stall addition to the engine bouse in the
False Creek Yards.
BURNABY, B.C.— The Sumner Iron Works
Co. are about to start the construction of
their new works here. They will manufac-
ture machinery, especially saw mill and
shingle mill plants.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The new freight yards
and round house of the C.P.R. have been put
in operation. The round house is a modern
structure, and will accommodate a very large
number of engines.
ST. PHILOMENE DE PORTIERVILLE.
QUE. — The business of B. Adelard. manufac-
turer of threshing machines, was badly dam-
aged by Are recently.
OTTAWA. ONT.— Latham and "Groves,
machinists, have been succeeded by Latham &
Co.
EXETER. ONT.— The Connor Machine Co.
have obtained a charter.
WINNIPEG. MAN.— The Dominion Bridge
Co.. of Montreal, have made several large ad-
ditions to their works here. The capacity is
now placed at 18.000 tons per annum. An
up-to-date engineering and draughting office
has also been established.
MEDICINE HAT. ALTA.— The C.P.R. will
spend $4.TO.4O0 for improvements In Medicine
Hat this year. The Itemized table Is as fol-
lows:— Extending st.itlon. $W,000; double
tracked steel bridee. $.314,000; extending
switching yards. SfiO.OOO: new boilers In
machine shops. $11,400; new station at Red-
cillT, $.^.000: trackage west of city, $5,000; and
gas r-oniiection and light for Dunmore yard
and fencing of terminal, $6,000.
PORT HOPE. ONT.— The International
Tool Steel Co. have let the contract for their
new factory to McGrepgor & Mclntyre, of
Toronto, to be completed by May 1st. There
will be three buildings, one IflO x 60. another
62 X 30 and a third 30 x 30. all of structural
steel.
WELLAND, ONT.— Work on the addition
to the plant of the Page-Hersey Tube Mills
has been commenced. The increased factory
will employ between two and three hundred
additional men.
TORONTO. ONT.— The Ontario Brass Rol-
ling Mills has changed its name to Brown's
Copper and Brass Rolling Mills.
WOODSTOCK. ONT.— The LInderman Ma-
chine Co. have orders enough on hand to
keep the factory going full speed for weeks,
and these orders have been sent In voluntar-
ily, without any soliciting.
WOODSTOCK. ONT.— The Maximilian Tool
Co. have their hammers on the market.
WINNIPEG. MAN.— G. Gale & Sons, manu-
facturers of Iron and brass bedsteads, have
purchased a site and will erect a $50,000 fac-
tory here,
MONTREAL, QUE.- Fire did $150,000 dam-
age to the iron bed and stove foundry of the
H. R. Ives Co., here, recently.
TORONTO, ONT. — Moffatt * Irving, a
steel and iron firm, are trying to secure a
flve-acre site for a big steel and iron foundry
In the Ashbrldge's Bay district.
FALSE CREEK, B,C.— The C.P.R. are cal-
ling for tenders for the construction of a
new ten-stall addition to the engine house.
Construction will commence soon and it Is
the Intention to have the building completed
early In .Tuly. Ten old stalls are to be de-
molished to make way for the new addition.
CALGARY, ALTA,— Ten carloads of steel
rails have arrived for the new street railway
extensions. The rails are the first consign-
ment from the Lorraine Steel Co., of Lor-
raine, Ohio,
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE. MAN.— The
C.P.R. are considering the building of a
water softening plant here this year. The
company has built a number of similar plants
at points along the line.
PERTH, ONT. — An American syndicate has
secured control of the car wheel works here.
It Is stated that the new owners can secure
a contract of 200 wheels per day for five
vears. It Is possible that the plant will be
kept here, although Sydney or the Soo are
also under consideration.
TORONTO. ONT.— It is reported that Mac-
Kenzie and Mann have purchased the patent
rights for an Invention that fastens steel
ARMSTRONG BROS/j
18 Sheppard St., Toronto ■
Mfr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Perfected
QEAR CUTTINQ, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Ruchlni and Plesting Machinery.
BOURNET & BLANCHARD
Machinists and Tool Makers
ILL IINDS or WORKS AND RErAIIS
MANUFACTURERS OF GASOLINE
MOTORS, DIES AND PUNCHES
Opposite the Post Office, LACHINE, QUE.
Ernest Scott
145 Bleury St. ■.' MONTREAL
Machinimi and Tool
Maker.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Stampings and Light
Manufacturing
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
STAMPINGS
No matter how hard a stamping problem you
put up to us, the chances are ^ve can satisfy
you. Many people use stampintrs in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.
The Silent Partner Is an inter-
esting little magazine. We send
it free— when there's a reason
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO
899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
snd the best for each
—Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRIN€ CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
68
rails to steel ties. If tbis is true, these gen-
tlemen evidently contemplate a complete
change in their railway tie material.
THOIINBUUY. ONT.— The Reduction plant
here will be enlarged and additional ovens
put In.
Electrical News,
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— The Ontario Hy-
dro-Electric Commission will duplicate Its
plant at the hydro-electric station here to
avoid any possibility of a general tle-op
through want of extra apparatus. $11,200
will be spent for new equipment.
MAGOG, QUE.— Tenders will shortly he
called for the construction of a large power
dam on the river here. $125,000 will be ex-
pended on the dam and power plant.
SAULT STB. MARIE. ONT.— The Lake
Superior Paper Co. will construct another
power canal and a plant with a capacity of
40,000 h.p.
VANCOUVER, B. C. — The Vancouver Gas
Co., subsidiary to the B. C. Electric Rail-
way Co., win expend this year on plant, etc.,
about $600,000.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— VIckers, Sons & Maxim
of Sheffield, Eng., to whom the contract for
the electrical machinery of the new power
plant at Point du Bols was awarded, are en-
gaged In installing It. J. F. T. Thomas, of
Sheffield. Is In charge.
PORT WILLIAM. ONT.— The power plant
of the Kamlnistiqula Power Co. will be In-
creased to nearly double Its present capacity.
PORT HOPE, ONT.— T. Garnett has ac-
cepted the contract to build the sub-station
for the Seymour Electric Light & Power Co.
The building will be 41x33, constructed of
concrete, brick and steel, and will be finished
May 15th.
CALGART. ALTA.— The electric light by-
law calling for an expenditure of $38,000 was
carried by a large majority.
CALGARY. ALTA.— The power situation
here has been cleared by the installation of
a 900 horse-power machine at the Victoria
Park power hou.se, and additional machin-
ery capable of producing 6.000 horse-power.
Including the Kananaskis hydro power. If
the by-law for building the power extensions
goes through this spring, an Immediate start
will be made with the building of the re-
ceiving and distributing stations for the hy-
dro-electric power from Kananaskis.
ALBERNI. B.C.— The Albernl District Elec-
tric Light and Power Co. have been Incorpor-
ated and In about a month's time will In-
stall fixtures and supply electric light In
every home here. Arrangements have been
made for the purchase of a steam engine and
holler, and the electricity will thus be gener-
ated until such time as the demand for light
and power becomes large enough to justify
the harnessing of water power.
SASKATOON, SASK.— The city commis-
sioners have prepared the plana and speci-
fications for the new electrical plant to be
installed at the power house here this year.
The cost is estimated at $60,000.
Municipal Notes,
TORONTO. ONT.— Tenders for the neces-
sary plant for the construction of the new
civic car lines are being called by the Board
of Control. It will be modern and cost about
$95,000. After the construction of the car
lines, which will be about three years, the
plant will be worth about $38,575, making
the net cost $56,798. Tenders have already
been called for the rails.
KEKRISDALE, B.C.— The contracts for the
laying of the pipes for the waterworks sys-
tem in Point Grey have been awarded. The
total amount of the tenders was In the
neighborhood of $145,000.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The following expendi-
tures have been authorized by the electorate:
waterworks. $245,000- conduit. $60,000; pav-
ing plant, $20,000; Incinerators, $120,000; fire
hall, $75,000; sewers, $40,000, and electric
light, $.380,000.
BATTLEFORD. SASK.— A waterworks sys-
tem is being Installed here at an estimated
cost of $100,000.
CRANBROOK, B.C.— The by-law ealllng
for an expenditure of $100,000 for sewage pur-
poses was defeated.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— The city will
spend $i>2.000 on sewers this year.
OTTAWA. ONT.— The city has been grant-
ed power to spend $400,000, of which $300,000
Is for new sewage works, without submitting
by-laws to the people.
ROSTIIERN, SASK.— The municipality Is
securing estimates with a view to installing
a waterworks and sewage svstem here.
SCOTSTOWN, QUE.— The " municipality Is
considerlii); the installation of a water and
sewage aysteni to cost $40,000.
VANCOUVER. It. C- About $300,000 will be
expended for sewer purposes and drainage.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— The Burnaby
ratepayers are being asked to vote $300,000
on n waterworks system.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— A proposition to
turn over to the city at the end of three
years an equipment complete, capable of de-
livering at the corporation line, 20,000 horse-
f lower of electrical energy from Rocky Rap-
ds, on the Saskatchewan River, 60 miles from
Edmonton, for the sum of three million dol-
lars was made by the Edmonton Heat and
Power Co.
LETHBRIDGE, ALTA.— The city will
spend over half a million on local Improve-
ments this year. This Includes appropria-
tions as follows: sewer main extensions, $72,-
000: water mains, $100,000; storm sewer sys-
tem, $41,000; and sewage disposal, $70,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— The city has awarded
the contract for 27 rubber sleeves for the
city's dredges to the Canadian Consolidated
Rubber Co.. their prices being $,32.50, $25,
$12.25 and $33 respectively, for 20-Inch cast-
iron pipe to the Canada Foundry Co., whose
price was $39.95 per length.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The work of extending
the new high pressure pipe line Is now In
progress. The cost Is placed at $75,900.
PORT WILLIAM. ONT.— The city council
has recommended the extension of the water-
works to certain localities at a cost of $750.
They are also considering a proposition to In-
stall drinking fountains In this city.
HAMILTON, ONT.— This city has secured
the necessary legislation enabling It to lay
pipes for the purpose of distributing natural
gas and selling It to the citizens. Wells, how-
ever, must only be bored within the city
limits. As power to expropriate the Ontario
Pipe Line plant was refused, the citizens will
he asked to vote on the proposal to establish
the civic natural gas plant.
HAMILTON, ONT.— The city has awarded
the contract for the five new boilers at the
Beach pumping plant to the Qoldle-McCul-
loch Co., of Gait. This Is only one of the
large contracts to be filled by the big works.
NORTH TORONTO. ONT.— The ratepayers
have authorized an expenditure of $265,000 to
construct a sewerage system and to Install
disposal plants.
MOOSE.TAW. SASK.— The city will spend,
this year, $175,000 for sewer and water ex-
tensions and $,"10,000 for an Incinerator.
MONCTON. N.B.— City Engineer Edington
has estimated the cost of the proposed water-
works system at $250,000.
WELLAND. ONT,— Tenders are being call-
ed for the construction, etc.. of one unit
water-driven waterworks pumps, etc.
New Companies.
MONTEFELLO, QUE.— The Owens Lumber
Co. have been Incorporated to acquire and
operate saw mills, planing mills, etc., etc.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The Montreal General
Contracting Co.. capitalized at $200,000. have
been incorporated. They will manufacture
and deal In tools. Implements, machinery,
and erect iron foundries, machine shops, etc.
R. G. Evans, civil engineer; R. Moffat, con-
tractor; G. G. Hyde and W. G. Pugsley. ad-
vocate: and R. C. Grant, accountant; all of
this place.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The E. Cantelo White
& Co., have been Incorporated to manufac-
ture and deal In electrical fittings, apnllances.
etc. F. C. Reynolds, manager. Westmount,
M. Alexander, advocate, D. Burley-Smlth,
clerk. R. Lloyd-Jones, manager, and T. H.
Warren, bookkeeper, all of Montreal. Capi-
tal, $50,000.
MONTREAL. QUE.- The Eureka Damper
Co. have been Incorporated to manufacture
and deal In stoves, furnaces, engines, boilers,
etc. A. W. G. Mncnllster and C. M. Cotton,
advocates. R. E. Allan, secretary. ,T. M. Mor-
tle. student, and ,T. W. H. G. Hopman van
den Berg, dinmond merchant, all of Montreal.
Capital. $60,000.
TORONTO. ONT.— The Fisher Electric Mfg.
Co. has been Incorporated and will manufac-
ture and deal in electrical apparatus, supplies,
etc., and carry on business of iron-founders,
brass-founders, tool-makers, etc. F. C. L.
.Tones, barrister. L. W. Nurse, accountant.
P. H. White, stndent-at-law. A. J. Pelrce,
law clerk, and E. M. Brown, stenographer,
all of Toronto. Capital $250,000.
OTTAWA. ONT.— Morlaset & Morisset have
been Incorporated and will manufacture and
deal in machinery. Implements, etc. L. C.
Morisset, L. H. Morisset .nnd M. A. Morisset,
financial agents. A. R. Morisset and G. O.
Morisset. civil servants, all of Ottawa. Capi-
tal. $100,000.
TORONTO. ONT.— The British Columbia
Steel Corporation have been incorporated to
manufacture and deal In Iron and steel. W.
Gilchrist, solicitor's clerk, A. M. Garden, W.
il
Face Plate Jaws
II
New features include extra large icrewt,
double thrust bearings and ipeclal
methods of attaching, permtttlos their
use on varlnns-slzed face pUtea.
Ends pointed at an angle of 46 degrees
so that four jaws will fit close together
at centre. Sizes 4-ln, to 14-iD.
Boring Mill Jaws
As In the face plate jaws, screws are
larger than usual, thrust bearings are
doable and jaws are wider, heavier
and better supported. Made In all
steel or with grey iron base aa de-
sired.
Wins FOR 191 1 CATALOGUE Of lanOTID
LATHE CBIICKS.
S. E. HORTON MACHINE CO.
WIN0S0K:L0CKS, conn., D.S.A.
(Not the E. Horton & Son Co.)
m
special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
Wehave the equip-
ment and thelex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & GO.
HESPELER, ONT.
64
Lll
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, - ENGLAND
Canadian Headquarters, at 24 Adelaide St. W., Toronto
in charge of
MESSRS. PARKE & LEITH, General Agents tor Canada
A Large Stock of Aluminium in all the Commercial Forms will
be kept — Wholesale and Retail.
Jessop's Best Tool Steel
is yet unexcelled for cutting tools
of all kinds, and for general
machine-shop use.
Jessop's "Ark" High-speed
QtflOl g'ves marvellous results
— heavy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JESSOP & SONS, Ltd. ShefKeld, Eng.
Reid Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods Chas. L. Bailey
St, John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
Crucibles are part of the expense of your
foundry. It will pay you to be sure you're
using the best.
''xQi Dixon's Crucibles
have a record of 83 years behind them. You
will find them adapted to your melting.
free booklat, 223'A, aant on rot/ueat
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY
JERSEY CITY,
N.J., U.S.A.
C. Dnvidson, aud W. Luwr. students-at-law,
und C. Y. Spearing, secretary, all of Toronto.
Capital,, $10,000,000.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Laurentlde Co..
capital iflO.OOO.OOO, have been Incorporated to
erect, operate, etc., etc., pulp mills, factories,
etc. R. C. McMlchael, W. V. Chipman. and
R. O. McMurty, advocates; F. G. Bush, book-
keeper, G. R. Brennan, stenographer, M. J.
O'Brien and H. W. Jackson, clerks, all ot this
city.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Skeena-Naas Pulp
and Lumber Co., capital $1,500,000, have been
incorponitcd to own and operate saw mills,
pulp mills, etc. W. Gamble, of Ottawa, bar-
rister, H. B. Housser, financial agent, A. B.
iTaylor and S. R. Broadfoot, students, and
L. Hull, clerk, all of this city.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The Standard Steel
Works, capitalized at $1,000,000, have been in-
corporated to carry on the business of iron
musters, steel makers, steel converters, iron
founders, etc. G. V. Cousins and O. B. Mc-
Calluni, barristers; P. E. Brown, secretary,
W. R. Ford, clerk, and S. T. Mains, book-
keeper, all of this city.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The Power Specialties.
Limited, capital $50,000, have been incorpor-
ated to carry on a general foundry and
machinery business and to manufacture and
deal in furnaces, boilers, stoves, ranges, etc.
.r. K. Paislev, hotel proprietor, F. W. Bendon,
agent. G. H. Bendon, manufacturer's agent,
G. W. Sequin, city collector, and L. Black-
more, agent, all of this city.
Planingr and 8aw Mills.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The B. C. Lumber Co..
a $20,000,000 concern, will erect a saw and
pulp mill on their Massett Island property,
and contemplate the erection of two large
mill plants on the southern mainland.
CORDOVA, ONT.— Ryan & Lynoh's sawmill
was totally destroyed by fire. The loss will
amount to about $1,300.
RODNEY, ONT. — The sawmill and lumber
yard of Wm. Plater & Co. were completely de-
stroyed by fire recently.
MASSETT, B.C.— It has been announced
here that L. C. Christie, of Ladysmlth, is In-
terested in a proposition to construct pulp
mills on the Ain river, Graham Island, and
open up sawmills in tlie vicinity.
PRINCETON, B.C.— McDougall & Waddell
have completed arrangements to operate a
sawmill on Oneralle. It is understood the
B. C. Cement Co. will require half a mil-
lion to use in construction work.
VERNON, B.C.— W. H. Magee. of Vernon,
who has been operating a sawmill at Lumby
for a number of years, has made arrange-
ments to operate the Ruth & Turner mill at
Canoe Creek, during the summer.
GALT, ONT.— Plested & Parker have about
completed their new planing mill here and
will make sashes, doors, etc.
FORT GEORGE, B.C.— The Peace River
Lumber Co., an American syndicate, will
erect a sawmill here.
ABBOTSFORD. B.C.— The Abbotsford Tim-
ber & Trading Co. are opening up a lumber
yard and mill here. They will also erect a
large warehouse and office building.
REVELSTOKE, B.C. — The Deamond Mills
Co., of this place, will erect a sawmill near
Arrowhead.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— A Winnipeg syndicate,
headed by J. D. McArthnr, railway contrac-
tor, has acquired the assets of the Fort
George Lumber & Navigation Co., which re-
cently went into liquidation. The holdings
include two sawmills at South Fort George.
HESPELER, ONT.— W. A. Kribs is enlarg-
ing his planing mill, sash and door factory
here, and inst.Tlling additional machinery.
NELSON, B.C.— Waters & Pascoe have
opened up their new $10,000 sash and door
factory here.
MOOSE .TAW, SASK.— The Western Manu-
facturing Co., Reglna. has purchased the Sas-
katchewan Sash & Door Co. here and has
spent $10,000 improving It. Included in the
improvements was the addition of modern
machinery for the manufacture of s.ish, doors,
mouldings, frames and turned work, store
and office fixtures.
Baildinir Notes.
VANCOUVER, B.C. — The Vancouver Hotel
will build an annex, at a cost of $190,000.
PRINCE ALBERT, SASK.— A, Lunn, of
Asquith, Sask., will build a large hotel here,
at a cost of $100,000.
SASKATOON, SASK.— Storey & Van Eg-
mond, of this city, have prepared plans for
a six-storey department.Tl store building here.
NEW WEST.MINSTER, B.C.— The West-
minster Trust Co. will erect a ten-storey
building here. Only six storeys will be erect-
ed at present.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
65
CALGARY, ALTA.—Plans have been pre-
pared for a slx-atorey block for F. Falrey.
The cost will be about $300,000, and it will
contain stores, offices and apartments.
SASKATOON, SASK.— J. I. Case Co., tbe
big threshing machine manufacturers, of
Racine, Wis., have secured a site upon which
to erect one of the largest warehouses In the
city.
MONTKKAIi, QDE.— E. H. Ford, Canadian
manager of the Ford Iron Co., and represent-
ing an English syndUate. has announced that
they will spend ?1,2CO,000 in liuildlug summer
hotels at Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Ot-
tawa and Vancouver.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Architect Hooper pre
pared the plans for a four-storey labor tern
pie, to cost $143,000. The building, planned
to be 75x120 feet, will have reinforced con-
crete and brick curtain walls. The Norton-
Griffiths Steel Construction Co. have the con-
tract.
TORONTO, ONT.— It has been estimated
that an additional $300,000 will be spent on
St. Alban's Cathedral here this year.
SASKATOON, SASK.— The city is procuring
plans for a new city hall, to cost $150,000.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The Hudson's Bay Co.
are building a big six-storey departmental
store here, at a cost of $100,000
VANCOUVER, B.C.— F. Patrick, son of the
millionaire lumberman, is promoting the erec-
tion of artificial ice rinks In the two coast
cities. $200,000 will be expended in the build-
ings and plant here.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— The new
Royal Columbian hospital will be built here
this spring, at a cost of $175,000. Radical
changes In the plans will probably necessitate
the calling of new tenders.
SAULT STE. MARIE. ONT.— It Is gener-
ally understood that the newly-incorporated
Lake Superior Paper Co., capitalized at $8,-
000,000. will build a large paper plant here.
They have purchased twenty acres from the
Lake Superior Power Co. The land includes
the buildings on it, which consist of the
frame rear extension of the pulp mill, the
sulphite mill, and the smelting and reduc-
tion works. The buildings are incorporated
in the new works and will be used.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— The B.C.E.R. will
erect a $350,000 building here. It will be
strictly modern.
WEYBURN, SASK.— The M. D. McKlnnon
Co., Intend erecting a large departmental
block of brick structure with elevator and all
modern conveniences.
HARRIS, SASK.— The Imperial Oil Co. will
erect a warehouse and two large tank! at
this point as soon as spring opens up. Wil-
son & Conway will be in charge.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— The contract for the con-
struction of the foundation of the Atlantic
Sugar Refinery Co.'s two million dollar plant
at the ballast wharf has been awarded to The
Foundation Co., Montreal.
VICTORIA, B.C.— H. S. Griffith, architect,
has prepared plans calling for a mammoth
structure ten storeys high to cost $1,000,000.
It Is planned to serve the purposes of a
theatre, hotel, and office building.
FORT FRANCES. Ont.— The C.N.R. pro-
pose spending $200,000 on a summer hotel and
grounds at Pither's Point, here.
General Manafactnring.
PERTH, ONT.— W. ,T. Winn has been en-
gaged lately in Installing the gas producer
plant and a number of machines at Ills fac-
tory here.
ST. .JOHN, N.B.— The Wilson Box Co. have
successfully started operations at FairvlUe.
The plant and luml)er yards cover eight
acres, while the box mill Itself has 42,000 sq.
ft. of floor space. The power plant Is built
of concrete and covered by re-lnforced con-
crete roof, and contains two new tubular
boilers of 125 h.p. each and a Corliss engine
capable of developing 2,'JO h.p., making a most
complete steaming outfit; the fuel used being
the sawdust and shavings from the different
machines, which are all connected to a blower
system, which conveys it direct to the boiler
house.
MONTREAL, QUE.— Brunelle Co., manufac-
turers of washing machines, has been regis-
tered. H. Brunelle and A. Brunelle.
SYDNEY, C.B.— Alex. Cross & Sons, Glas-
gow. Scotland, will shortly erect here a big
fertilizer plant. They have contracted with
the Steel Company for the company's total
output of basic open hearth slap, from which
the fertilizer is to be nianufa<'tured.
EDMO.NTON. ALTA.— P. Burns, the meat
packer, will • build his big packing plant in
Edmonton, instead of Strnthcona. Tlie plant
will be large, with modern equipnient.
WOODSTOCK, ONT.— A deal has practical-
ly been consummated looking towards the
establishment in this city of u branch of the
big packing firm of Ltbby, McNeill & LIbby,
of Chicago.
WEST TORONTO, ONT.— Gunns Ltd. are
erecting a refinery here for cotton seed oil,
the first of its kind In Canada.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— Fox Bros., of
Nelson, will establish a big ]am factory here.
WOODSTOCK, ONT.— The Woodstock Tex-
tile Co. have started manufacturing their
goods.
KINGSTON, ONT.— It has been decided to
remove the Richardson MIca-wnsher Works
to Trenton, N.J.
CALGARY, AliTA.- The Western Agencies
& Development Co. are promoting the estab-
lishment of a linseed oil factory here.
LINDSAY, ONT.— The Canadian Handle &
Wood Turnings Co. have taken over the busi-
ness of the Rider & Kitchener Co. and will
commence operations about the middle of
this month.
SASKATOON, SASK.— Cushing Bros., Ltd..
have secured a site and will shortly estalUish
a wood-working plant here. They have plants
in Calgary and Edmonton.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— Work has been started
on the new $2,000,000 plant of the Atlantic
Sugar Refinery.
PETERBORO, ONT.— The Independent Tire
Co. will likely locate here. They contemplate
the erection of a three-storey factory, with
$75,000 woi-th of machinery.
Trade Notes.
TORONTO, ONT.— The General Supply Co..
with headquarters in Ottawa, have opened
offices and warehouse at 119 Adelaide St.,
west, in this city. They will handle a full
line of belts, mill supplies, etc.
The Sterling Lubricator Co., of Rochester.
N.Y., announce the removal of their factory
to Norwich, Conn., where their shops will l>e
combined with those of the Uncas Specialty
Co., the new combination to be known as
tlfe Sterling Machine Co.
National-Acme In Montreal.
The National-Acme Manufacturing Co.,
Cleveland, manufacturers of automatic ma-
chines and their products, have Just complet-
ed the equipping of a new plant at St. Eliza-
beth and G.T.R., St. Henri, Montreal, and
operations will be started In April. In the
Montreal plant they will manufacture screws,
nuts, bolts and special parts for automobiles,
electrical apparatus and all parts that can
be made from bar stock. 'The equipment
consists of Acme Automatic Multiple Spindle
Screw Machines. Stocks will be carried of
cap and set screws, plain and castellated
. milled steel nuts, semi-finished nuts and
milled brass nuts. Contracts will also be
made for the manufacture of special screws,
nuts, etc.
Dominion Steel Corporation Extensions.
During 1011, the Dominion Steel Corpora-
tion, Amherst. N.S., will carry forward a
vast amount of new work in connection with
extensions to the plant. Recently the com-
pany placed plans In the hands of the local
contractors and asked for tenders for the
construction of some eight buildings. These
new structures are to be as follows: Machine
shop, 120 X 130 feet; foundry and machine
shop, 120 X 440 feet: boiler house, 120 x 160
feet; pattern shop, 60 x 200 feet; car repair
and carpenter shop, 120 x 140 feet; ware-
honse, 60 x 200 feet, 2 storeys; oil house.
60 bv 60 feet: round house, 2.30 feet diameter,
about 16 locomotive stalls. All of these build-
ings will be constructed of steel and com-
pressed lirlck. The outlay will be In the
vicinity of three-quarters of a million dol-
lars. The new general office will be another
structure for erection Immediately, and plans
for this .$100,000 edifice are now in course of
preparation. This will be a separate and dis-
tinct contract from the list already noted.
Besides the construction of these buildings,
there Is also to be undertaken in 1011 the
PATENT NOTICE
NOTICE Is hereby given th«i ihe owner of
C»nadi«n Patent No. 117,439, dited
March 23rd, 1909, for Combustion ► n-
Cines, is p-enared to grant licenses under
section 44 of the Patent Act, upon • reasonable
royalty, to anyonr wishing to manufacture the
Invention coverri by the above patent. For
licenses and information apply to
FETHERSTONHAUGH & COMPANY,
Patent Solicitors and Experts,
Canada Life Building, Montreal.
JOHN J. GART8HORE
83 Front St. W., Toronto
DAM Q a"d SUPPLIES
ri/AI^O Ntvand Seeoad-b«*d
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Itc.
Old Matorlal Bought and Sold.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
^ALL KINDS---
Difficult Core Work a Specially
Mi^h Grade • Righf Prices • Prompf Delivery
SAT/&^AC7X3/RY WORX OUAKANTeCD
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
25S CATtltF^INC STRtET NORTM
HAMILTON . OMT
FOR
Tall kinds of i-iachine '
work. made in
WOOD. BRA55
'WHITE METAL OR IRON
by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
I Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN W0RK5
87 JarvisSt.TorontcCanacIa
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66
CANADIAN MACHINERY
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that SWIFT & COMPANY
has obtained for Canada Patent No. 117195 in
connection with comb bacon hanger, and the
American Can Company* of Montreal, is manu-
facturing this article and is prepared to
supply the same, to any person who may wish
to purchase the article, at a reasonable
price.
Any person, firm or corporation desiring to
purchase this article will kindly communicate
with "che American Can Company, Montreal, P.Q.
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can b« securad for sny clau of castlnei by arransins your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service wtien you consult wltii
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS. CORES. OILS. Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT,
^loro L-iicoiy -to k>« Aocura-te.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
establishment of a merchant bar and rod
mill, two blast furnaces, probably about 75
more '»y-product coke ovens, before next new
year • the completion of the new turbo-electric
system, and several other new Items of ex-
pansion may develop during the present
year.
Canadian Tap and Die Co., Gait, to Enlarse
Plant.
Edward Blake, Jr., of Wells Bro»., manu-
facturers of taps, dies, etc., has now taken
over the mnnngement of the Canadian Tap &
Die Co., Gait. It Is his Intention to install
new machinery and otherwise increase the
manufacturing facilities. The Canadian Com-
pany will manufacture a full line of screw
cutting tools and in addition will handle a
line of Weils Bros, machinery and tools, in-
cluding the Universal Tool and Cutter Grin-
der. Mr. Blake will also represent the Mil-
ler's Falls Co.. of Miller's Falls, Mass., manu-
facturers of braces, chain drills, hand drills,
bench drills, breast drills, automatic and
ratchet screw drivers, chucks, hack saws, etc.
A stock will be carried at the Gait factory.
Bolt Factory for Fort William.
Barnett-McQueen Co. are installing a plant
on Christina St.. Fort William, for the manu-
facture of holts of all kinds. Oil will be
used as fuel in the heating furnaces. It is
intended to add later machinery for the
manufacture of heavy bolts and rivets for
construction work. About 20 men will be
employed on the start.
Wetland Machine and Foundries, Limited.
A meeting of the members of the syndicate
who took over the Robertson Machinery Co.'s
plant, appointed the following as officers of
the concern, which will now be known as
"The Welland Machine & Foundries, Limited."
Directors: J. II. Crow, R. J. McCormlck, D.
D. Hooker. D. Ross, Wm. Edestrand. Presi-
dent. David Ross ; vlce-pres. Wm. Edestrand ;
sec.-trcas. J. H. Crow.
Welland's Industries Expanding.
As previously announced in Canadian
Machinery, the Page-Hersey Tube Works
will materially enlarge and improve their
Welland plant. The enlargement will prob-
ably cost about $150,000. The contract for the
first work in this connection — the erection of
a new business office — has been let to David
Dick & Sons, contractors, work to be begun
as soon as the weather will permit. This
office will be a two-storey, fireproof brick
structure, of handsome design, and will cost
about $8,000. A galvanizing plant will be in-
cluded In the additions to the worki.
Dick & Sons have secured the centract for
the plant of the Canadian Automatic Trans-
portation Co., at $25,000.
It is reported that Canadian Steel Foundries
which secured control of the Montreal Steel
Co.. Montreal and Ontario Iron and Steel Co,
Welland, will build a blast furnace in con-
nection with the Welland plant this year at
a cost of $1,250,000. Iron ore will be brought
to Welland bv water and smelted into pig
Iron and steel. A large tract of limestone
property, west of Port Colborne, is under
option, and it is believed this Is to supply
limestone for the smelter. A warehouse and
machine shop will be erected at once at a
cost of $100,000. The plant of the Electro
Metals will be doubled In size. The company
have been exceedingly prosperous, and have
found It necessary to have increaaed accom-
modation.
United Motors, manufacturers of automo-
biles, will erect a factory building the com-
ing summer.
Quality Beds have let the contract for the
construction of a brick addition 60 x 80 ft.
Book Review.
Engineering Index Annual— Published by
the Engloeering Magazine, 140 Nassau St..
New York; size 6x9 Ins., 500 pages. Price ?2.
This is the fifth annual index devoted to
engineering and technical publlcatiouB in
Europe and America. While by no means
complete as far as Canadian technical publi-
cations are concerned. It Is rectgui'ed as a
very valuable reference book for anyone seek-
ing Information on any technical subject.
The articles indexed are first grou))ed under
the general division of englneerin,-; practice
to which they belong— Civil, Mechanical,
Electrical, Mining, etc., and under these again
they are sub-grouped according to the recog-
nized special divisions of each field.
A new feature has ben introduced into the
fifth index annual to make It easier and more
<-onvenlent for the consultant to find the re-
ference he seeks. This is the assembly of all
catchwords under their classified arrange-
ment In front of the book, so that all topics
under any heading, which in the book may
be scattered through several pages, are here
condensed Into a list of a column or less.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
67
Boilers
Horizontal and Vertical.
Any size, any pressure.
Fori all Purposes.
Wm. Hamilton Co., Ltd.
PETERBORO, ONT.
SWIFT MOTOR GAR GO,
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUFACTURERS OP
THE ** SWIFT*'
MARINE ENGINE
tTEELCRETE
EXPANDED METAL
RIINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and ROOFS.
The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.
WRITE FOR HAND BOOK AND OAMPLIt
Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.
STEEL AND RADIATION
LIMITED
Head Office
Fraser Avenue, Toronto
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting-steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. John, N.B. VancouTer. B.C
In the UnitedSlatis.SimondsMfg.Co.
>STEKLING HACK «^5k^ BLADES
[IN£S
mmasrsMVRs
TIME ZfJiSOM andMATBXIAI,. J
All^whkh cosfs monc^Tfoat^r saved b moneK^arned
W^RJTJE Uv5 FOR^ CATAT^OGUE NQ 12-
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NWlOHALMACHINERrfO)
MODERN
Bolt, Nut and Forging Machinery
and National Wire Nail Machines
BOLT THREADERS, "WEDGE GRIP" BOLT and
RIVET HEADERS, FORGING MACHINES, NUT MACHINES,
ROLL THREAD MACHINES, Etc., Etc.
Complete Catalogue " E" upon roQuest.
The Hational Machinery Co., Tiffin, 0., U.S.A.
Canadian AgontBi H. IV. PETRIE. Toronto Ont.
WILUMMS A lA/lLSOf, Montreal. Quo.
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
SAFETY
For Employees
Against loss of
hands.
For Employers
Against loss by
damage suits.
The JONES GUARDS give
this, and without interfer-
ing with output of work.
Guards for Presses, Saws,
Jointers, Shapers, etc.
Parl-iciilare and prices on atiplication
The Jones Safely Device
Company. Limited
22 King William Street
HAMILTON ONT.
Branches in United States:
Buffalo. N.Y. New York. N.Y.
^Z IChlcaeo. 111.
The Strength of Oxyacetylene Welds In
Steel. By Herbert L. Whlttemore, has just
been Issued as Bulletin No. 45 of the Engl-
ueering Experiment Station of the University
of Illinois. This bulletin gives the results of
uu extensive series of tests to determine the
strength which may be developed In welded
Joints made by fusing thin steel plates to-
gether by means of the flame of an oxyacety-
lene blowpipe. It was found that with care-
ful manipulation such a welded Joint may be
expected to have about 85 per cent, of the
strength of the plate material. Considerable
Information as to methods of manipulation
of the oxyacetylene blowpipe and the proper
regulation of the gases Is also given in the
bulletin. Copies of Bulletin No. 45 may be
obtained gratis upon application to W. h\ M.
Goss, director of the Engineering Experiment
Station, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111.
Oxhydric Welding— 32-page catalogue on
coated paper, from the American Oxhydrlc
Co., Milwaukee, Wis., describes and illustrates
in a very interesting manner their system of
cutting and welding. Numerous applications
of the system are given, these being Illus-
trated in a number of cases.
An Investigation of Built-up Columns Under
L.oad, by Arthur N. Talbot and Herbert F.
Moore, is issued as Bulletin No. 44 of the
Engineering Experiment Station of the Uni-
versity of Illinois.
In the course of this investigation, labora-
tory tests were made on steel and wrought
iron built-up columns, such as are used in
bridges and other structures, to determine
not only their strength, but also the way in
which the compressive stresses vary over the
cross-section of the channels or other com-
ponent parts of the column and throughout
its length. The amount of stress in lattice
bars and its variation from bar to bar was
also measured. The distribution of stress
over the cross-section of a lattice bar was
studied. Field tests were conducted on the
columns of a railroad bridge under the load
of a locomotive and train, and the distribu-
tion of stresses over various parts of the
columns was measured. The investigation
shows that the variations from the ideal col-
umn which result from shop and erection
processes may be more Important than the
Influence of length, and that on account of
such causes the stress at one or more points
in a column may be as much .is 50 per cent,
inexcess of the average stress. This Investi-
gation may be expected to have an important
bearing on structural engineering practice.
Copies of Bulletin No. 44 may be obtained
gratis upon application to W. F. M. Goss,
director of the Engineering Experiment Sta-
tion, University of Illinois, Urbana, HI.
Farwell Automatic Gear Hobber. — Circular
805 from the Adams Co., Dubuque, Iowa, 16
pages, 81^x11 Ins., describes and illustrates
the Farwell Gear Hobber.
AJax Electric Riveting Machines — Catalogues
are being issued by the Hanna Engineering
Works, 2095 Elstou Ave., Chicago, who have
entered into a contract with the Electric Ma-
chinery Sales Co., Milwaukee. The light yoke
riveters shown in one of the bulletins Is said
to' be the first offered to the trade. Circular
matter will be furnished by the Hanna Engi-
neering Works on application.
Smooth-on— The Smooth-on Mfg. Co.. Jer-
sey City, N.J., have issued 16-page booklet
describing their products, including cements,
"Smooth-on" for castings, Joints, packing,
gaskets, paint, etc.
Flexible Shaft — Catalogue from the Bam-
ridge Patent Flexible Shaft Co., British Engi-
neering Works, Kettering, Eng., describes the
Bamridge patent and illustrates many appli-
cations.
Decimal Equivalents — The Garvin Machine
Co., Spring and Varick Sts., New York, are
mailing on request a large hanger, 24x24 Ins.,
containing decimal equivalents in sixty-
fourths. The type is large enough to he seen
from considerable distance.
Casehardening— W. H. Paltreyman *; Co., IT
Goree-Pinzzas, Liverpool, have Issued a book-
let on "Hints About Casehardening: What to
Use. and how to do it." The booklet gives
a fund of general information on the sub-
ject.
Discount list — S. A. Daniel, Birmingham,
Eng., has issued an export discount list of
tools.
Quick Threading Attachment — lO-page cata-
logue, 9x12 Ins., from the Hendey Machine
Co., Torrlngton, Conri., U.S.A., describes the
(|nlck threading attachment for Hendey-Nor-
ton lathe.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
69
4U.m_i.i.nuu^i
g,^,.,:
All weidhts up to 6.000 lbs.
We make a special^ of difficult cored work
LET VIS figure; on your requirements
Galt Foundry Co. Gaut.Ont.
FOSS & Hill Montreal?""Qae!
Agents for
Sdiamichtr & Bom. Cigcimili, • ■ Ltlhfs
Tkt 6. A. Gray Co Plaoers
The Giociiiali Lilte & Tool Co., • 16-ia. Lalbtl
Tba Maeller Machine Tool Co., ladial Drilli
The ]■ T. Sloeoah Co., Nicromalers
Moehinsry and Mill Supplies of all kinds
OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, LIMITED
OWEN SOUND, OUT.
Cement Mill Machinery, Boiler and Steel
Tank Work of all kinde, Crey
Iron and Braee CastlnKB
No Maintenance Costs
WITH—
DART UNIONS
PERMANENT joints reqnire uon-
corroding surfaces at the joint,
and must be accurately made.
The construction and the bronze to
bronze ball joint of the Dart Union
allows for a perfect and practically
everlasting joint between pipes,
whether they are in or out ol
alignment.
All that is necessary is to draw the
two faces t'jgether and you have a
joint that defies time and pressure
and will not rust, yet may be im-
jolnted and jointed as often as you
wish.
Made in screwed, flanged, tee and
elbow unions.
Dart Unions have this trade mark:
ESTABLISHED
I ere
INCORPORATED
I 903
?>SS5Sj>iS5?iSa?Si>f
bimilhsiRalls
m
TRADE
Part
MARK
Your jobber has them.
DART UNION CO., Limited
TORONTO. - CANADA.
@
ISUI
I/imiied.
/^fanmacturerj
MALLEABLE
' IRON *
CASTINGS
TWO PLANTS
.(gP^ 8000 TONS
5miih'sfblls Ontario
DIES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W, H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
The Real
Difference
In Beltings
is not on the surface.
Away back with the select-
ing of the hides, and thence
through every process of
cutting, cementing and
finishing lies the real ex-
cellence of the
LEATHER
BELTING
It's like finding money to
discover a belting like the
"G LI MAX''
for one of the big power
leakages is in the poor
quality of the average
belting.
"climax''
Belting outlasts others and
.gives better service, be-
cause it has the right cling,
and withstands the strain,
because of its perfect
structure.
Write for our Cataloiiue.
SADLER &
HAWORTH
ESTABLISHED 1876
Montreal, 511 William St.
Toronto, 27 Melinda St.
St. John, N.B , 89 Prince William St.
Winnipeg, 244 Princess St.
Vancouver, B.C., 217 Columbia Ave.
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.
70
CANADIAN MACHINERY
PATENT
Shaft straightening
MACHINE
For use on the Lathe.
NO HAMMERING
For round or
square Bars,
Cranks, Tubes,
Etc.
Write for Lists to
W. COPLEY & SON
Machine Tool Makars
HALIFAX - ENGLAND
>v^
Milling Cutters
Cutters for all purposes:
PLAIN MILLS, SIDE
MILLS. INSERTED
TOOTH CUTTERS.
GEAR CUTTERS.Etc.
Ourlcatalogue describes
them all. Yours for the
asking.
PROMPT DELIVERIES.
THE NATIONAL TOOL CO.
CLEVELAND, 0., U.S.A.
The Merhanlcal World Electrical Pocket
Book. Sire 4 by 6 In.; pages 208. Bouurt In
cloth. Published by Emmott & Co., Ltd., 65
King Street, Manchester. England. Price 12
cents net. The 1011 electrical pocket book
has been thoroughly revised and many new
Illustrations Introduced. Among the particu-
lar changes noted are that the descriptive
matter has been condensed, thus affording
space for a larger number of new tables on
subjects such as current densities, permis-
sible temperature rise, percentage losses in
electrici.l machinery, units of illumination,
incandescent lamp current consumption, life
of glow lamps and allowances for depreci-
ation. The notes on accumulators have been
rewritten and extended as well as the sec-
tions dealing with circuit breakers, boosters
and the use of electricity in coal mines.
Another change worthy of special mention
is the Introduction of a new section on liquid
starters. In all sections, both the new ones
and those which have been Included in pre-
vious Issues, considerable useful data and
tabular informntlon liave been given.
Drop Forging:, Die Sinking and Machine
Forming of Steel — By J. V. Woodworth, pub-
lished by the Norman W. Henley Publishing
Co., 132 Nassau- St., New York; 340 pages,
6x9 Ins., 300 illustrations. Price, $2.50.
This is a practical treatise on modern shop
practice, processes, methods, machines, tools
and details, treating on the hot and cold ma-
chine-forming of steel and iron into finished
shapes; together with tools, dies and machin-
ery involved in the manufacture of duplicate
forgings and interchangeable hot and cold
pressed parts from bar and sheet metal.
This is the fifth dealing with forging,
tempering, power presses, etc. This one Is
full of facts gleaned from various sources,
such as the technical papers. The growth
of die-sinking and machine forging has neces-
sitated a standard work, which has now been
prepared. The methods are described in
plain language, which will be easily read and
understood by those engaged or interested
in this line of work.
CATALOGUES.
AIR COMPRESSORS— Catalogue 391 from
National Brake and Electric Co., Milwaukee,
TT.S., describes National air compressors and
accessories.
REFRIGERATION— "A profitable day load,"
is the name of a refrigeration bulletin No. 508.
issued by the Triumph Ice Machine Co.. Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. A number of refrigeration out-
fits are showa.
BELT DRESSING— Cling-Surlaoe Co., 1032
Niagara Street, Buffalo, N.Y. Circulars. Deal
with the use of Cling-Surface for keeping leather
and cotton belts and rope pliable and water-
proof, preventing all drying or cracking and
stopping the slipping of the belts.
FEED WATER HEATER— National Pipe E™d-
ing Co.. 156 River Street, New Haven Ccrn.
Booklet. Treats of the National feed water
heater for boilers from 5 to 4.000 h.p.. which
consists of one or more coils of seamless drawn
tubing inclosed in a cast iron or steel shell to
which exhaust steam is admitted, heating the
water as the latter passes through rhe ti>bing.
Direetions for erecting the heater and its use
In condensing steam plants are inoluded.
TRANS.MISSION SUPPLIES— The Elmira
Machinery & Transmisson Co., Elmira, Ont.
have issued Catalogue B, in which a complete
list of transmission supplies for engineers,
founders and machinists, is listed. Among
those manufactured by this company are pow-
er transmission appliances, wood split pulleys,
friction clutches, couplings, hangers, etc. In
addition, there are listed Cumberland turned
and ground steel shafting. Chapman double
ball bearings, leather, rubber, cotton and
balata belting, etc.
WATER VALVES— A 4-pnge folder de-
scribing the hydrostatic water valve and its
application, has been issued by the Cleveland
Steel Tool Co., 600 East 82nd St., Cleveland,
Ohio. The valve maintains automatically con-
stant level In tanks, vats, heaters, low-pres-
sure boilers, etc.
FRICTION CLUTCHES— The Dodge Mfg.
Co. have Issued a 16-page catalogue describ-
ing Dodge split and solid clutches. The eco-
nomic features are dealt with and the con-
struction of the clutch Is given In detail. A
two- page table shows the sizes manufactured,
together with full information in regard to
h.p. transmitted, speed, face of pulley, cost,
etc.
POLYPHASE INDUCTION MOTOR— Bulle-
tin 126 from the Crocker, Wheeler Co., Am-
pere, N.J., discusses the induction motor and
its application in textile mills, woodworking
plants, etc. Many Illustrations show these
applications.
LAGONDA-ENTERPBISE MULTIPLE
STRAINERS is the title of an attractive cata-
logue recently issued by the Lagouda Mfg.
Co., of Springfield, Ohio. It contains a de-
scription of a new type of Multiple Strainer
suitable for the removal of suspended matter,
such as Ice, sticks, seaweed, grit, etc., from
boiler feed water, and also from condenser
circulating water. These strainers are built
in sizes up to 48 in., with a number of differ-
ent compartments, depending upon the size.
The Lagouda-Enterprise Strainer is unique
in that its effective straining area is from
2% to G times larger than the area of the
pipe. It Is also possible to dean separate
compartments of the strainers without in-
terrupting the flow through the others, thus
eliminating the necessity of shutting down
circulating or boiler feed pipes in order to
clean out the filters used.
RUBBER VALVES.— Folder from H. W.
Johns MauvlUe Co., 100 William street. New
York, describes J-M rubber valves.
STEAM SPECIALTIES.— A 40-page cata-
logue for 1911 from Darling Bros., Montreal,
describes and Illustrates a number of lines
manufactured and handled by them, includ-
ing beaters, pumps, traps, valves, etc.
VOLUTE PUMP— Bulletin 106 from the
John McDougall Caledonian Iron Works,
Montreal, describes the Volute Pump and
Its applications.
PULLEYS.— Folder from Positive Clutch &
Pulley Works, 11-13 Jarvls street, Toronto,
describes the pulleys and clutches being
placed on the market by them.
MECHANICAL LUBRICATOR. — Bulletin
53, 16 pages, 6x9 Ins., from the Richard-
son-Pheuix Co., Milwaukee, shows a number
of Installations and gives useful information
regarding the operation of the system.
UNIVERSAL ELECTRICAL DIRECTORY
By J. A. Beriy, published by H. Alabaster,
Gatehouse & Co., 4 Ludgate Hill, E.C., Lon-
don, Eng. ; 1,552 pages; price, post free, 148
6d.; British, Colonial and General Sections
only, 10s.
This eleventh edition has been as carefully
revised as previous issues, and no pains spared
to make it as accurate and reliable as ever.
The contents are divided into tour sections:
The British, with 13,590 names; Colonial and
General, with 5,840 names; Continental, with
7,970 names; U. S. A., with 6,500 names; to-
talling 33,900 names, although unimportant
entries are omitted. Each section is sub-
divided into alphabetical and classified sec-
tions, while in the case of the British a Geo-
graphical Section has been added, which Is a
necessity for all travelers. Any section can at
once be referred to by means of a thumb
index.
Telegraphic addresses, telephone numbers
and codes are given in the alphabetical sec-
tions, financial particulars of British limited
liability companies, also of foreign companies
with a British address.
A new feature, which has been asked for. Is
the separation of the London from the pro-
vincial names in the British alphabetical sec-
tion.
The lists of electricity undertakings in the
United Kingdom, British colonies and some
other countries include the following details:
The nature of the supply, system of distri-
bution, capacity of plant, voltage and chief
engineer's name, and in the case of alternat-
ing current, the phase and periodicity are
included.
A list of specialties appears In the British
Section, arranged alphabetically, according to
the name of the article, followed by the mak-
er's or agent's name and address. This, judg-
ing by enquiries, should supply a present-day
want.
"PRACTICAL ENGINEER" POCKET
BOOK— Issued by the Technical PubUshing
Co., 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, London, W.C,
England; 800 pages. Price, 40 cents postpaid.
In this new 1911 Issue obsolete data has
been dropped and several new topics treated.
The new matter Includes notes on stoker sys-
tems, thermal storage, superheaters, roller
bearings, etc. Revision has been made of
articles dealing with shop gauges, patterns,
etc. Over 700 pages are devoted to subjects
of Interest to the engineer and mechanic, the
remaining pages being blank and arranged
for diary and notes.
Making Milling Cutters to Secure Greatest Efficiency*
By A. L. DeLeeuw
Present-day Practice Shows that Better Results Can be had From Milling Cutters by In-
creasing tli.e Tooth Space and Depth. They Have a Number of Points in Their Favor
Among Which are Less Consumption of Power, a Greater Amount of Work Done for One
Sharpening and a Greater Number of Possible Sharpenings per Cutter. A Change in the
Form of Chip Breaker Made it Possible to Use Cutters MHth Chip Breakers for Finishing,
as Well as for Houghing. It was Found Advisable to Use a Special Kind of Key, Here
Described, for Heavy Work. Finallj/, This Paper Describes a New Style of Face Mill and
WJiat is Called a Helical Mill.
THE amount of metal which a ma-
chine tool can remove in a given
time is limited by the strains caused b)'
the cut. Great hardness oi the material
to be cut, or a dull tool, will severely
strain the machine and so reduce the
section of the chip, even if the machine
Fig. 1. — Metal Cblp Assumed to be Produced
by Milling Cutter Without distortion.
is rigidly constructed and well supplied
with driving power. It is therefore of
the greatest importance to analyze care-
fully all the conditions which cause
heavy strains so that they may be ob-
viated or reduced to the lowest possible
limit.
This limitation of the cutting capacity
occurs in all metal cutting machines,
although to a varying extent. While it
is possible to increase the driving power
of most machines ad libitum, and al-
most any amount of metal can be put
into machine elements to give them
rigidity, there are certain classes of ma-
chines where practical considerations
limit such increase of power and
strength. This is especially true in ma-
chines where the main elements have to
be adjusted and handled with great fre-
quency. The knee-and-column type of
milling machine owes its success, to a
large extent, to the ease and rapidity
with which it can be manipulated and it
is doubtful if it will ever be possible to
increase the dimensions of the parts
much beyond the present sizes, without
losing the benefits of the peculiar con-
struction of this type of machine. In
order to increase the capacity of this
type of milling machine, it becomes
necessary to reduce the strains set up by
the cut and there are only two elements
which can be modified to accomplish
this result. These are the hardness of
the metal to be cut and the cutting
qualities of the milling cutter. As it
• Read before tbe A. S. M. E., New York.
is impossible to control the first of these
the only avenue left for improvement
leads in the direction of the milling cut-
ter.
The action of the ordinary milling cut-
ter is not a true cutting action, as it
is commonly understood. By a true cut-
ting action is meant the driving of a
wedge-shaped tool between the work and
the chip and although this definition is
not based on a generally accepted mean-
ing of the term it is believed that it ex-
presses fairly well wliat most mechanics
imderstand by cutting. Practically all
milling cutters have their teeth radial
and this, of course, excludes the possi-
bility of driving a wedge between chip
.and work. The tooth compresses the
metal until it produces a strain great
fig. 2. — Diagram Illustrating Action
Milling Cutter.
of
enough to cause a plane of cleavage at
some angle with the direction of the
cutter. It then begins to compress a
new piece, push it oft, and so on. This
at least seems to be the action of the
cutter, judging by the form of the chips.
These chips are in the form of needles or
small bars.
The chip taken by a milling cutter
varies very materially from those taken
by a lathe or planer tool. These latter
tools make chips of uniform section,
whereas the section of a milling chip in-
creases from zero to a maximum.
Fig. 1 shows a milling chip as it
would appear, if no compression or dis-
tortion took place. The proportions are
very much exaggerated, so as to bring
its typical shape clearer into view. The
width AB at the top is equal to the feed
per tooth. The height BC is the depth
of cut. The length BD is the width of
cut. The section MNOP, shown half
way on the chip, is a normal section
and a measure of the amount of work
which was done at the time the cutter
passed the point M.
Fig. 2 shows the action of a millini;
cutter, with centre O, when the cutter
is rotating and the work is feeding at
the same time. The tooth AB sweeps
through the path BC. When the point
B has reached the position B, a new tooth
starts cutting. By this time O has ad-
vanced to position 0„ and the new tooth
A^ B, is not yet in a vertical position,
when the point B, touches the work,
When the cutter revolves, this point B_.
must penetrate into the work and com-
press the metal of the work. The result
will be spring in the arbor. When this
spring has assumed certain proportions,
the blade or tooth begins to remove a
chip. This may be assumed to take
place in the position B^, the tooth simply
gliding over the work from B, to B,.
This action must necessarily be very
harmful to the cutter, and, it was be-
lieved that this perhaps more than any
other action of the cutter, caused its
dulling. It would be especially severe
witli light cuts, as a relatively small
amount of spring would allow the point
B, to travel through a large arc. It
would be quite possible that a tooth
should -fail entirely to take a chip, and
that the succeeding tooth would take a
cliip of double the amount.
This peculiar action of the milling cut-
ter is inherent in its construction and
Fig. 3.— Form of Spiral Milling Cutters Now
Used by tbe Cincinnati Milling
Machine Co.
cannot be avoided. The question then is
how to minimize these harmful results.
Another feature, which limits tbe abil-
ity of a milling cutter to remove metal.
122
CANADIAN MACHINERY
is the proportion between the chip to be
removed and the amount of space be-
tween two adjoining teeth. Such a
limitation docs not exist with lathe or
planer tools, where the chips have un-
limited space in which to flow off.
That this proportion banvCiJii chin and
chip space actually lojs forii'. a mitiii^
ters and special gangs. The standard
diameters are 3 J in. and 4 J in. The
3\ diameter cutters are made with nine
and the U diameter cutters with ten
teeth which corresponds to a spacing of
about li in. The point of the tooth has
a land of 1-33 in., and the back of the
tooth foj'ras an angle of 4.") (leg. with the
SHAFT
BORE
KEY
A
B
C
D
s
P
a
H
0.973C72
A
ft
1
1.05179
A
ft
\i
1.03779
ft
ft
lA
1.11592
A
ft
H
1.2187S
A
A
U
1.3125
A
A
1
1 4543
J
i
u
1.5793
i
1
H
1.7111
I
i
li
1.8361
i
i
ii
1.94734
A
_ _
ft
2
2.10359
A
ft
H
Fig. 4.— Slmp^
Dimc-iiKiuns of Keys I'sed for Jlillliig Cutter Ailiors.
ciindition is well 'uiown aud was brought
most forcibly to tlie writer's attention
wlien a laig<' and powerful niacliinc stall-
ed, taking a cut in cast iron about ' \
in. wide, 3 in. deep and 12i- in. feed per
minute. Several times this amount of
metal can be easily removed by the same
machine, without sign of stress; yet the
machine was incapable of removing nnirc
than 3 cu. in. of cast iron per minute
with this cut. Investigation showed
that the amount of cast iron removed
per tooth was sufficient to fill the chip
space completely, and from that moment
the action was like trying to push a
.solid bar of steel through a piece of cast
iron, .\nother cutter, with more chip
space, removed the same amount of
metal with only a fraction of the power
of the maoliiiie.
Similar instances occurred with gangs
which had been in use a long time, and
which had been ground down to such an
extent that the chip space was niateiial-
ly reduced. This, combined with the fact
that higher developed milling ,),a.;hnes
led the shop to coarser feeds, showed
that the ability of the machine to re-
move metal was not only governcl by
its power, but to an equii i ^lont l>y the
peculiarities of the milling cutter.
The foregoing considerations la.) ;:> a
gradual evolution of spiral milling cut-
ters. .\t first, the number of teeth of
spiral mills was only slightly diminish-
ed, as it was thought that some element
which was not considered might affect
the result. (Jradually the spacing was
Increased and the cutters, as now used,
have taken the forms as shown in Fig.
3.
Two standard sizes are used, although
other sizes are required for special cut-
radial line. The chip space is approxi-
mately four times as great as in the
usual standard cutter of the present
time and is formed with a 3-l() in.
radius at the bottom.
Proper Sized Arbors.
Though not directly connected with the
foregoing, attention should be called to
the fact that the present practice calls
for arbors which are too small. In the
cutters sliown liei'e, the WV-t in. cutter is
made with li in. and \\ in. arbor, and
the li in. cutter with 1| in. and 2 in.
arbor.
It is often very difficult to remove cut-
ters from an arbor after they have done
heavy work. 1 1 is frequently necessary
in such cases to press the arbor out of
the cutters. This sticking of the cut-
ler is caused by (lie bulling up of the
key and often the keyway in the arbor.
For this reason, keys are used for gangs
of cutters as shown in Fig. 1. A tl;il
is milled on the arbor, and the keyway
milled central with this flat. The flat
portion of the key presses against the
flat part ot the arbor, and this effective-
ly prevents burring. Cutters which are
held on the arbor with such a key can
always be very readily removed, even
after prolonged and hard work. The
keys are made out of a piece of round
stock, grooved at both sides and then
sawed apart.
It was found that for roughing on the
ordinary work in the shop a cutter with
the wider-spaced teeth would remain
sharp for a longer period, notwithstand-
ing that feeds had been increased. The
system of the Cincinnati Milling Mach-
ine Co. requires all gangs and cutters to
be re-sharpened after a lot of pieces have
been milled. It used to be necessary, at
least on the larger lots, to re-sharpen
the gang once and sometimes twice for
the one lot, or, if this was not deemed
advisable, the feed had to be reduced
for at least part of the pieces, in order
to make the cutter last during the en-
tire lot. In all cases where the wide-
spaced cutters were used, the entire lot
was run through without re-sharpening
the cutter or reducing the feed; and it
siiould be kept in mind that this feed
was from 25 to 100 per cent, greater
than previously used. There is no case
on record where the cutler or gang was
dull at the end of the lot, so that our
observations as to the endurance of the
cutters are incomplete. However, it is
perfectly safe to say, that in all cases
under observation the cutter maintained
its sharpness longer; that in a great
many cases double the amount of work
could be done without re-sharpening,
and that there is good reason to believe
an even gi'eater gain tlian this was ob-
tained.
A further advantage is, that as these
cutters have approximately only half
the number of teeth of what is now con-
sidered a standard cutter, the time for
re-sharpening is only half as much.
It was pointed out that the ratio of
pitch to depth is practically the same as
in the present standard cutter, so that
the depth of tooth is practically doubled
and this cutter can be sharpened much
more frequently than the present stand-
ard cutter. Consequently the life of the
cutter has been much increased, prob-
ably more than doubled.
A glance at the drawing of these cut-
ters gives the impression that the teeth
are weak and the writer has watched
this feature with great care. The cut-
ters themselves, however, do not give
this impression; on the contrary, they
look stout and well proportioned. They
have been subjected to the heaviest class
of work and many times were purposely
abused in order to find their weal-
points; yet there is no case on record
that any of them have broken although
they have been used for more than two
years and all breakages of cutters are
carefully noted. On the other hand,
breakages of the old cutters are not at
all infrequent.
V\\i.
I'onn Uelief
-C'liii
Though these cutters are capable of
removing metal more rapidly than the
older type of cutter there are many
cases where this feature cannot be taken
advantage of, as, for instance, where
CANADIAN MACHINERY
12:^
light work is to be done or a small
amount of stock to be removed. In such
cases, however, the metal is removed
with less power and consequently with
less strain on the machine and the life
of the machine is lengthened without
limiting its output.
Smooth Cutting.
With the wide spacing of the teeih it
may seem that there would be cause for
apprehension as to the action of the
feed. It seems as if the feed would be
liable to act with jerks. This, however,
is not the case. On the contrary, the
teed is smoother and there is less of a
jerk when the cutter first strikes the
work, probably because there is less
spring in the arbor and less tendency for
the cutter to ride over the work, as
will be explained later in connection
with the description of cutters.
In connection with this it is interest-
ing to note that when cast iron is mill-
ed by these wide-spaced cutters, it ap-
pears to be very soft and when the same
piece is milled by an old style cutter, it
appears to be much harder. When using
wide-spaced cutter, there is a notable
absence of jerking, chattering and of the
peculiar singing noise which is so often
noticed on milling machines.
There is, of course, a difference in the
hardness of different pieces of cast iron,
and many recommendations as to the
proper feeds and speeds for milling cast-
iron work, made by the writer tor his
company, were looked at askance. The
impression seemed to prevail that feeds
and speeds which were possible on
American iron, were out of the question
\v*-'
on European iron, (especially English
and German); and again, that feeds and
speeds proper for western American iron
were not suitable for eastern iron. To
test the truth of the matter, a number
of bars of cast iron were obtained from
different foundries in America, England,
France and Germany. These bars cov-
ered a great many mixtures and makes,
and the difference between English and
American, or German and American
iron, or between eastern American and
western iron, was found to be no great-
er than that between different speci-
mens of western American iron. Even
German Spiegeleisen, famous for its
hardness, cut just as freely as soft west-
ern iron, and required but little more
power. However, it did require more
clearance, wide spaces, and a low speed.
These wide-spaced cutters were origin-
ally intended for roughing operations
only, but the very satisfactory finish
obtained when roughing led to the use
of the cutters tor finishing also. If
there is any difference at all in the fin-
ish produced, the advantage is on the
side of the wide-spaced cutter. The tact
that this wide-spaced cutter will cut a
greater number of pieces without dulling
means, of course, that the average finish
of an entire lot is better.
Chip Breakers.
It is generally believed that for finish-
ing alone a milling cutter should be
used without chip breakers, the effect of
the chip breaker being to scratch the
surface. To overcome this trouble, chip
breakers are made as shown in Fig. 5
with clearance at both corners. This
prevents the tearing up of metal with
result that a cutter with these chip
breakers produces as good a fmish as
one without chip breakers.
It should be pointed out that this
form of chip breaker has an advantage
also tor roughing cuts. The point of the
8 Teeth
iHln.Ditm. '< W? I
V\g. S. Details of New T.vpp of Slile .Mills.
cutter, where the unrelieved side of the
chip breaker drags over the work, is the
first point to give out. Making the chip
breaker with clearance on both edges
prolongs, therefore, the life of the cut-
ter.
One of the great advantages of this
form of chip breaker is, that one gang
can be used for both roughing and
finishing. A great many, it not most
milling operations, call for two chuck-
ings, one for roughing, and one for fin-
ishing. This will be found to be neces-
sary wherever much metal is to be re-
4f
ri-^
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f •
10°R.H.spiraUteeth^ >; H |< —
VW*!
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*sa=sasa;j^^ M
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lo'R.H.«l>;r«Ute«lh »1 lo f •
l'"l(f. G — New Type of Taper Shank End Mills.
Fig. 7— New Type of Spiral Shell Cutters.
124
CANADIAN MACHINERY
moved, on account of distortion, caused
by the cut, the heavy clamping required,
heating, spring of arbor or fixture and
the unbalanced condition of the work
after the scale has been removed on the
side. In order to do the roughing as
conditions which return once for every
revolution of the cutter, it is plain that
the spacing of the teeth can have no ef-
fect on the distance between them, and,
therefore, on the grade of finish.
To test this still further, two cutters
I /t-MXS
KIg. 10— Teii-iuch Blude Face Mill for High I'dwer Machines.
rapidly as possible chip breakers are re-
quired; and in order to get proper fin-
ish, it has heretofore been necessary
that the finishing gang be without chip
breakers. It paid, therefore, to have
two gangs whenever the number of
pieces to be milled was sufficiently large,
but this involved considerable extra ex-
pense for cutters. The new form of chip
breaker, however, permits using one
gang for both finishing and roughing.
It is a common belief that better fin-
ish can be obtained with teeth closely
spaced, but experience with the wide-
spaced cutter shows that there is no
ground for this belief. The grade of fin-
ish may be expressed by the distance be-
twelve successive marks on the work.
These marks are revolution marks and
not tooth marks. It is practically im-
possible to avoid these revolution marks.
They are caused by the cutter not be-
ing exactly round or quite concentric
with the hole, by the hole not being of
exactly the same size as the arbor, by
the arbor not being round, by the
straight part of the arbor not being
concentric with the taper shank, by the
taper shank not being round, or of the
same taper exactly as the taper hole in
the spindle, by this taper hole being out
of line with the spindle, by looseness be-
tween the spindle and its bearings, etc.
Each of these items is very small in any
good milling machine; yet the accumula-
tion of these little errors is sufficient to
cause a mark and this mark needs to
have a depth of only a fraction of a
thousandth of an inch to be very plainly
visible. As these marks are caused by
of the same size exactly were placed side
by side on an arbor. The cutters were
ground together so as to be sure they
were of equal diameter and they were
ground on the arbor so as to be sure
that the error would appear simultan-
eously for both cutters. A block of cast
iron was finish-milled with these cutters
in such a way that each cutter would
sweep half the width of the block. The
same number of marks appeared on both
sides of the block, and these marks were
exactly in line with each other, as might
have been expected. The grade of finish-
ing was the same for both sides. It
was neglected to mark the two sides ot
the casting to show which cutter was
operating. After this test, all of the
teeth but one ot one of the two cutters
were giound lower, so as to be out of
action entirely, leaving only one tooth
of the one cutter operative. Another
cut like the first one was taken over the
same block, and again the finish appear-
ed the same on both sides. There was
a dift'erence of opinion between different
observers as to which side was cut by
the single tooth. By close observation,
however, a difference could be detected
when light fell on the work in a certain
direction, under which conditions one
side showed more gloss than the other.
Straightness, flatness and smoothness to
the touch was exactly the same for
both sides, notwithstanding that one
cutter had one tooth only and the other
fourteen teeth. Though it is not recom-
mended here to use cutters with one
tooth only for finishing, the foregoing
test showed plainly that there is no
merit in fine spacing. Attention is
again called to the fact, that even
though the finish on a single piece might
be better with more teeth in action, the
average finish for an entire lot of pieces
is better with less teeth.
End MiUs.
Fig a shows the end mills which are
now considered standard by the Cincin-
nati Milling Machine Co., and which fill
practically all requirements. They are
made in sizes of 1 in., IJ in., li in.
and 2 in. in diameter, the smallest with
four, and the largest with eight teeth
It will be noticed that in order to pre-
serve the strength of the teeth it is
necessary to mill the back of the teeth
of the three smaller sizes with two
faces. A number of tests have been
made with these cutters, but no com-
parative tests as to power consumption.
Their action is remarkably free. This
was clearly demonstrated by the follow-
ing experiment : A 2 in. taper shank end-
mill milled a slot 1 1-16 in. deep in a
solid block of cast iron at a rate of 6
in. per min. The block was clamped to
the table of the milling machine and the
knee was fed upward. Under these con-
ditions the chips did not free themselves
from the cutter but were carried around
and ground up. The cutter was cutting
over half its circumference. These two
conditions combined make the task for
the milling cutter about as difficult as
imaginable. There was, however, no
sign of choking and the power consump-
tion was not higher than it would have
been with a spiral mill under ordinary
canditions. The same cutter would re-
move from the end of the casting a sec-
tion IJ in. wide and IJ in. deep. Under
those conditions, the chips were rolled
up in pieces much like the chips obtain-
ed from a broad planer tool, when tak-
ing a finishing cut. This cut was taken
with a feed of 11 in. per minute. Anoth-
er similar cut, but 1 in. and IJ in. in
section was taken with a feed of 33 in.
per minute. Similar though much light-
er cuts were taken with ordinary end
mills, and in the same piece of cast
iron. Again the cast iron seemed to be
very hard, and became glossy when cut
with an ordinary cutter, but appeared
to be soft when cut with the wide-
spaced cutter.
Fig. 7 shows the shell end mills of the
wide-spaced type, which are now con-
sidered standard for their use by the
Cincinnati Milling Machine Co. Figs. 8
and 9 show the side mills.
Face mills have also undergone a
gradual evolution and they are now used
the company in catalogues, though
not made by them for The use of cus-
tomers, as shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 11
shows a cutter of a design now general-
ly considered to be standard. In this
latter design, the blades are spaced 1 in.
apart, or approximately so; they are
CANADIAN MACHINERY
125
set radial, and have no means to keep
them from pushing back except the regu-
lar holding means. The wide-spaced
laced mill, on the other hand, has the
blades spaced 2 in. apart. They are set
at an angle of 15 deg. with the radial
line, and are backed by a backing ring
with a set screw for each blade. These
set screws allow the blade to be adjust-
ed, besides forming a stop against up-
ward movement under pressure. A face
mill may be considered as a planing tool
moving in a circular path. The cutting
edge, therefore, is axial and not radial.
To set the blades at an angle with the
axis does not produce rake. The wide-
spaced face mill shown here has rake,
because the blades are set at an angle
with the radial line.
It will be noticed that the blades are
set at an angle with the axis. It will
further be noticed, in the enlarged view
of the blades, showing the rounded corn-
ers, that the corners are not provided
with a round, but rather with three
faces, which together approximate a
curve. It is to offset the effect of this
round that the angle with the axis is
introduced.
However accurately a milling machine
may be built, the spindle is not exactly
at right angles with the table. The
amount of variation exists. Besides,
this variation is liable to become great-
er when the machine wears. The result
is, that when feeding in one direction
the leading teeth of the cutter dig deep-
er into the work, leaving the other side
of the cutter entirely clear, but when
feeding in the opposite directian the op-
posite takes place, which makes the
teeth drag over the work. In order to
provide the teeth with clearance, the
back end of the tooth is ground away at
an angle of three to five degrees.
It will further be noticed, that there
is a land of 3-16 in. only where the
blade is straight. It is the excess of
width of the cutting blades which is
liable to cause chatter. Strange as it
may seem, this chatter is more pronounc-
ed with a light than with a heavy cut.
It is not meant that there is actually
chatter, but merely that when there is a
tendency to chatter, the tendency is
greater on a lighter cut. The cause is
that the tooth does not enter the work
but tries to ride over it. When the cut-
ter has been lifted sufficiently, the pres-
sure becomes great enough to make the
blades enter. The next blade meets the
same difficulty about entering, is lifted
again, and so on. This action causes
a series of radial chatter marks and is
very much worse with wide blades than
with narrow ones; and again very much
worse with a large number of blades
than with a few. A 3-16 in. land prov-
ed to be an acceptable compromise, as a
wider land would quickly dull the cut-
ter, even if it did not make a chatter
mark, while a narrower land would have
the tendency to produce a scratchy fin-
ish.
Helical Cutter.
In Fig. 12 is shown details of a heli-
cal cutter. These cutters consist of a
cylindrical body, with two or three
screw threads wound around them, the
threads being of a section clearly mdi-
cated in the engraving. The helix is
wound around the body with an angle of
69 deg. with the axis. The diameter is
34 in., and the lead of the helix 4| in.
They are made in two styles, either
single, or as interlocking right and left
hand cutters. They are made with a
rake of 15 deg. and clearance of 5 deg.
when used for steel, and with a rake of
8 deg. and clearance of 7 deg. when used
for cast iron. Their most distinguishing
feature is, that they push the chip oft in
the direction of the axis of the cutter,
or at right angles to the feed. The
power consumption is extremely low for
steel, but does not show up so favorably
for cast iron. A roughing cut in steel
requires only about one-third the power
of an old-style spiral mill. Another dis-
tinguishing feature is, that this cutter
does not make revolution marks but
tooth marks. As a result, a much
coarser feed can be used for finishing. A
cutter with three teeth will allow of a
finish three times as fast "« ^in ordinary
spiral mill. Still another feature of this
cutter is the entire absence of spring in
the arbor when cutting steel. It is pos-
sible to take a finishing cut over a
piece of steel, then return the work und-
er the cutter and let the cutter revolve
any length of time without producing a
mark.
It was originally thought that a single
cutter of this description would do well
for finishing, but not for roughing, on
account of the excessive end pressure on
the spindle, and the interlocking cutter
was made to obviate this end pressure.
However, it was found that this end
pressure, though perceptible, was no dis-
turbing element. Cuts which required 80
amperes with the interlocking cutter, re-
quired 85 amperes with the single cut-
ter. In order to see if continued use o(
the single cutter would cause increasing
friction at the spindle end, a great num-
ber of cuts were taken in as rapid suc-
cession as it was possible to adjust the
machine for the next cut.
The fact that there is no spring in
the arbor makes it possible to use the
milling machine without braces in a
great many cases where they would
otherwise be needed.
It was first believed that these cut-
ters would work best at a high speed;
but it was found that this was not the
case. They produce the best results
when run at the same number of revolu-
tions as the ordinary spiral mill.
The writer believes that the remark-
ably low-power consumption is due to
what might be called "virtual rake,"
Co
1* 'y/W ^'V*/j
'
8
C e 1 Om<arhr90^
J
'4
H
, '%
2^'»7hr. -UXS.
4
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i
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Fig.
New Type of Side Mills.
Fig. 11.— Face Mill ol Older Type.
td&da
126
CANADIAN MACHINERY
which is an angle depending on the angle
of rake, and on the angle the thread or
tooth makes with the axis. This virtual
rake becomes a small angle when the
actual rake is small. This is the case
with the cutter as used tor steel where
the actual rake is 75 deg. Where, how-
ever, the angle of rake approaches 90
deg., the induence of the helix becomes
very much less pronounced; and, if the
actual rake were !)0 deg. the influence of
the spirality would be zero; in other
words, the virtual would equal the
actual rake. This may explain why the
BEBORING CYLINDER.
By G. D. Keith.
The Hall Kngineering Works, Montreal,
recently rebored a low pressure cylinder
of 15 in. diameter and 18 in. stroke at
the Dominion Textile Company's (Merch-
ants' Branch) Cotton mills, Montreal. A
portable boring gear, the property of
the Hall Kngineering Works was used, it
being shown in operation in the accom-
panying illustration.
Steam was shut oR the engine at 7
p.m. Thursday. The cylinder cover was
removed and the piston and piston rod
new piston fitted, all coupled up, and a
steam trial taken at 3.30 p.m. the fol-
lowing Sunday when everything worked
satisfactorily. This work was therefore
completed between Thursday at 7 p.m.
to Sunday at 3.30 p.m.
EXTENSION DRILL MADE OF PIPE.
A serviceable extension drill may be
made from a section of brass or iron
pipe in the following manner : Take a
piece of pipe, the internal diameter of
which is the same as the diameter of
the hole to be drilled. With a cross-
peen hamiiu-r make two dents opposite
each other about one and one-half inches
from the end of the pipe. Into this end
drive the twist drill first, grinding the
end flat. A tap may also be driven in
this fashion successfullv.
TO MAKE BRAZED JOINT.
If occasion should arise when it is de-
.sirable to make a good clean brazed
joint, the metal should be carefully
cleaned, heated to a bright red, and
then covered with ihe (lux of the follow-
ing formula : One pound of boric acid,
lour. ounces of pulverized chlorate of po-
tash, and three ounces of carbonate of
iron.
saving in power consumption is not so
pronounced when cutting cast iron. It
is believed that this saving of power
would be equally great with cast
iron as with steel, it the same virtual
rake could be obtained, and this sup-
position was borne out by a few tests
made on cast iron with a helical cutter
ground for steel.
.Another reason which suggests itself to
the writer, as to why the helical cutter
shows less saving in power on cast iron
than on steel, is the result of a series
of tests made on cast iron and steel
with spiral mills with and without rake,
the rake being in all ca.ses 9 deg. These
cutters showed improved efTiciency for
steel and cast iron, but much more for
the first than for the latter. A cutting
tool must detach the chip from the
work, bend the chip and at least parti-
ally break it up. When cutting steel,
the radius of curvature of the chip be-
comes greater with increased rake and
the extent to which the chip is broken
up becomes less. Cast iron will stand
much less bending before breaking, so
that, even with increased rake, the chip
is still broken up as before, and no sav-
ing in power can be effected in this part
of the process.
Helical Cutter.
taken out. The boring gear was then
placed in position, as shown, and rebor-
ing was commenced on the following
morning. Three cuts were taken out of
the cylinder, increasing its diameter r,'
in. The cvlinder was finished and a
.'\ modern grinding wheel used on a
modern niacliinc by an operator with a
good knowledge of grinding is just as
surely a milling cutter as if it were
made of steel. Its cutting surface con-
sists of millions of small, sharp cutting
teeth and each tool that comes in con-
tact with the work cuts oft a chip in
the same manner as the tooth of a
milling cutter.
Ueborliig Cylinder, Hull Kngineering Works, .Mmitieal.
F'Sr- 3— The interior of one of the sliopi of the Canadian Westinhouae Co., Hamilton, taken April. 191 1. The large amount ot work under rcnstruction gives
. an idea of Canada's industrial expansion.
Enlarged Works of Canadian Westinghouse Co., Hamilton
An Interior View of One of tJie Canadian Wrxti'iu/liotiKe Sliopn Give>< an Idea of the
Enormous Amount of Work Under Construction hij the Ciinndinn Electrical, Companies,
and Also of Canada's Industrial Development. The Reason for Enlnrfflnrj the Works is
Therefore Obvious.
TN Fig. 1 is shown Ihe plant ot 1,hc '
Canadian Wi'stinghouse, Hamilton, as
it. will appear when the additions are
completed. The works are conveniently-
located beside the main line of the. G.T.
R., sidings running therefrom to the
various buildings for the receipt of ma-
terial and shipment of product, while
on another side of the plant, connection
is made with the C.P.R.
The buildings are of the most modern
approved type of fire proof construction,
being of brick, reinforced concrete and
steel. Fig. 1 shows the brake plant at
the extreme right; the main buildings
in the centre of the plan are devoted to
the manufacture of electrical apparatus;
and those on the extreme right consist-
ing of pattern shops and foundry sup-
ply the needs of the brake and electrical
departments in both brass and iron cast-
ings.
Building Plans.
In laying out the manufacturing build-
ings, two cardinal points were kept in
view:— Each department might be cap-
able of extension, and that the progress
f'g. 2— A;10,000 k.w. generator built by tlie^Canadian Westinyhousc Co., Hamilton, tor the Canadian
Niagara Power Co.
T2«
CANADIAN MACHINERY
of material from the raw to the com-
pleted state, should, as tar as possible,
be in a continuous direction. This pur-
pose, and the carrying on of operations
with dispatch is facilitated by traveling
cranes and an industrial railway.
Recent Additions.
The Canadian Westinghouse Co , to
keep pace with the demand for electrical
machinery in Canada, have found it
necessary from time to time, to make
extensions to their plant, the most re-
cent of these, included an added space of
11,580 sq. ft. of storage, and 14,000 sq.
ft. manufacturing capacity, besides in-
creasing the area of the testing and
shipping departments.
The foundry building will be more
than doubled in size, which also means
additional cupolas, core ovens and im-
proved facilities for the handling of
of foundry material, adding a floor space
of 22,800 sq. ft.
The same plan of design and fire proof
construction as first used, has been fol-
lowed in all the additions, the only
variation being that heavier steel work
has been found necessary to serve
increased crane carrying capacity, on
account of the greater size of the units
now being turned out.
The large interior scene, Fig. 3, is an
interesting view of one of the machine
shop aisles, with apparatus in various
stages of construction. Fig. 2 shows the
stator and bedplate of one of the West-
inghouse type of 10,000 k.w. generators.
APPLYING
SCIENTIFIC KNOW-
LEDGE.
One of the common faults of some ed-
ucated men is that they make little or
no application of the scientific tacts
learned in school to the everyday pro-
blems of life. Perhaps it is because they
are literal-minded, the principles having
lor them only the applications mention-
ed in the book. For instance, two
young men, both graduates of the same
high school, some years after gradua-
tion got into an argument on whether
the weight of a block of wood floating
A man who signs himself as W.
Keppel White is taking collections,
renewal and new subscriptions, for
the MacLean publications in the
Maritime Provinces, without any
authority. The assistance of any
subscriber in locating this man
will be appreciated.
High-powered men like high powered
engines do their work without making
any noise.
in a pail of water is added to the
weightot the pail and water or not. Ex-
periment, of course, showed that it is,
whereupon the one who was worsted
quoted the Archimedean law to the
effect that a floating body displaces its
weight of the liquid, and was inclined
to doubt the soundness of the old
Greek's dictum after making the test.
The fact that the mere displacement of
a liquid does not alter its weight had
never before been made plain to him,
and not until a pail brimming over was
tested did he grasp the full significance
of the law.— Machinery.
CONVENIENT TOILET ROOMS-
There are dozens of machine shops, and
some of them very large ones, in which
a goodly sum could be saved each year
were the toilet rooms more convenient-
ly arranged in a place where they would
be more available. In some shops it is
necessary for a man to go down stairs ;
in other shops they must go up stairs
and in a certain shop the men must
travel nearly 200 feet to the toilet
rooms and back to their work again. It
takes considerable time to do all this
traveling. Just hold a watch on several
of the men and note how long it takes
them to travel down stairs and get back
to work again. Assume a certain num-
ber of trips made by each man during a
day, multiply the number of trips by the
time required, multiply this by the num-
ber of days in the year and figure out
the cash value of the time thus con-
sumed.—Ex.
While hot nickel solutions deposit
nickel more rapidly than cold ones with
a given voltage (i.e. the conductivity of
the solution is increased), it is generally
considered that the results are not
enough better to warrant their use for
the ordinarv run of work. — Ex.
H. Etches, mechanical engineer and
draftsman, has removed his oflRce to 17
Bank ot Hamilton Bldg., .34 Yonge St.,
Toronto. He was formerly chief drafts-
man with Carnegie Steel Co., Pitts-
burg ; Waterous Engine Works, Brant-
ford ; Dodge Mtg. Co., Toronto, and
Hanley & Miller, Toronto. His special
line is designing .special machinery,
making working drawings, and general
designing work.
*****
*-^*^
Plant ot Canadian Waitinjhjuis Cj., Hamiltui. (howing addition! made]reccntly and new building! planned.
Mechanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinists
By B. P.
A Series of Progressive Lessons Designed to Familiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Apparatus Necessary to Make Simple Drawings, to Encourage them to Realize How Im-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, as Well as Being a Profitable Pastime.
IN drawing a circle say of 3 inches
diameter, you will observe that on
spreading out the arms to IJ inches ra-
dius, the tool assumes a triangular
shape. One result of this is your ream-
ing out a large hole in the paper, and
another is your poorly joined up line.
These troubles are aggravated as the
circle to be described becomes larger.
Fig. 14.
and to avoid them, care should be taken
to adjust the movable arms so that, ir-
respective of the circle diameter, these
will always be perpendicular to the pa-
per surface, Fig. 14.
Drawing to Scale.
Drawings for the most part are made
to a scale convenient to work from,
other than full size; that is, the ma-
chine or its detail as drawn, bears some
definite proportion to the finished man-
ufactured product. This necessity of
drawing to scale will doubtless be ap-
preciated without further explanation.
The number of views required to pro-
perly illustrate the object, determine
together with the various size drawing
sheets available, the proper scale to be
used, consistent with easy, quick and
intelligible reading of the drawing by
the mechanic who has to work from it.
Figs. 15 and 16 show examples of 12
inch boxwood scales in general use, aud
♦ Fourth of a series of an Instriietion Course.
A lesson will he given each month.
should be divided to permit of drawings
being made to i, J, |, i, J, 1, 1^ and
3 inches per foot. The views shown
should only be those absolutely neces-
sary ; multiplicity means duplication as
a rule and lends itself to increased
liability to error on the part of the
draftsman, in addition to confusion in
the shops. It a footnote therefore will
obviate drawing another view, by all
means adopt it. In preference to draw-
ing dotted lines to represent internal or
rear features, make sectional views to
avoid possible misunderstandings.
Fig. 17 gives a suitable variety of
lines to be used for the various pur-
poses required in mechanical drawing,
and Fig. 18 shows a system of sectional
shading for the metals and materials in
common use. It mav be observed here
crowded drawing sheet. The following
abbreviations are universally adopted,
and in any case quickly become familiar
and understood by mechanics in any
factory.
Cast iron — C.I.
Malleable iron— M.I.
Wrought iron— W.I.
Machinery steel— M.S.
Cast steel— C.S.
Brass— Br.
Finished surfaces are usually indicated
by the letter f written across the line
representing the particular surface to be
treated. In case a piece is finished all
over, mark "finish all over" in black
ink below the title. Notes used in con-
nection with a drawing should be con-
nected by a wavy line and arrow to the
part to which the note refers. Example
Ouiline
Linescovered up
CenirfjUnes
_ ^ yi^ Dimension lines
Fig. 17 — System of Lines.
that for pencil drawings which are to
infced-in or traced, no attention need be
paid to line variety or sectional shad-
ing, as the foregoing refers alto-
gether to inked drawings or tracings.
Drawings of casting and forging de-
tails for a machine should be drawn on
separate sheets, the former it may be,
to a smaller scale than the latter. Each
detail .should have its name, the number
required per machine, and kind of ma-
terial marked underneath, so that all
the information pertaining to it may be
in compact form and ready to the eye.
It is usual to abbreviate the names of
the various metals, saving as it does
time and also space on an oftentimes
v. \i\i\AAAi\i\AyAAAAAi\i\i\AAi\,\A,\,\,\\,\.\,\\,\A,\.\,\,\.\\,UA,\,\A,\\.^.\A,\.\,\,\\,\,\,\,\A,\,\\
Fig. 15 — 12-inrti Triangular Scale.
1
1 1 - 1
» « e
1
1
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n
1 J, 10 •» » 7
'' 0 t * » > 01 11 ♦! «l •!
VSSTB
J» ♦♦ »* 'l
V_
i^
1 T
±
ul
9«
1 1
±
±
I
±
1
±
1.
I
1.
,1
1
1
1
1
1
V
J
ll
D
'ig. IG— 12-incli Flat Srale.
of this will be found in the remark "i
inch keyway," Fig. 20. The sectional
shading is spaced to please the eye and
with regard to the area available.
Screw Threads.
Use the conventional method for re-
presenting screw threads except in the
case of square threads. With the ex-
ception of V threads, always give char-
acter -of thread. When other than stan-
dard threads are used, the threads per
inch should be given thus : 16 P. I", and
when a thread is left-hand, always call
attention to the fact.
Arrangement of Dimensions.
Make your figures read from bottom
and left-hand side of the drawing as you
face it, and place them if possible so
that they can be erased without inter-
fering with the lines of the drawing.
When dimensioning a sectional area
break the section lines as shown on Fig.
21. Give over-all as well as intermedi-
ate sizes, and stagger as per Fig. 19.
Radial dimensions may be as shown on
Fig. 21. In writing or printing feet and
inches, a suitable method is per ex-
ample 7' 3J" is shown. Restrict dim-
ensions as far as possible to one view;
130
CANADIAN MACHINERY
work from centre lines and finished sur-
taces and avoid repetition ; keep before
rou the capacity for handling work that
the necessary machines in the shop
have, and regulate the several parts to
conform. Renieml)er that other men have
to work from your drawing, and that
FiK. L'l
therefore it is your duty to have it tell
them clearly what they are required to
make.
The writer is indebted to the Manual
Training Magazine for cuts 19, 20 and
21, and some pointed and useful ex-
tracts.
CAST IRON
STEEL CASTING STEEL FORCING
COPPER
MALLEABLE IRON
BRASS
BRONZE
LEAD
"WHEEL COST" A SMALL ITEM.
In many grinding operations the wheel
wear (the first cost) is a mighty small
item of expense when compared with the
actual cost of operation, in which we
must figure the horse power consumed,
labor, machine investment and the pro-
duction.
In order to obtain a fair idea of the
"cost of wheel," an accurate record was
kept of a grinding operation on a 10 x
72" Norton Plain Machine. The work
was grinding 35-point carbon open-hearth
machinery steel shafts from the black
stock, taking of! a sixteenth of an inch,
reducing from IJ" diameter to 1 Ij-1B".
A. 15 X 2", 24-L .\lundum Wheel, was
used and in ten hours' work it showed
but .270" wear. The wheel was trued
once at the start and once at the end of
six hours. Work speed, 25 ft. a minute ;
wheel speed, fi.lOO ft. a minute ; table
traverse, 12 ft. a minute. That means a
wheel cost of but a very few cents a
week.
It is not good policy, therefore, when
endeavoring to reach maximum grinding
economy to let the purchase price of a
grinding wheel stand in the way of a
larger production. Instead of thinking
too much about "wheel cost," due con-
WHOUOHT IRON ZINC BABBITT SAND
Fig. 18- System of Sec-tiouiil Sliiulhi};.
sideration should be given to the other
factors of cost— labor, which must be
figured at from (iO cents to $1.00 an hour;
the hor.se-power consumed in grinding ;
the production necessary to make the
grinding machine investnieiit a profitable
one and the many advantages of rapid
production. These are the factors that
must be weighed carefully when pur-
chasing grinding wheels. Compare them
with the "wheel cost."
Economy consists in getting the right
wheel for the work and operating it
under the most favorable conditions,
and the original cost of the wheel in
iriost cases is too small an item to take
into consideration.— Grits and Grinds.
FIRM NAME CHANGE
Tlic lirm name of Foss & Fuller has
l)een elianged to tliat of the Foss and
Hill Mnchiiiery Co. Mr. Henry W. Hill,
late of tlie Wire and Cable Co., Mon-
(re.il, is now an active i)artner tojrether
with Mr. (leorji-e F. Foss.
CHANGE OF ADDRESS
The Slnnilarcl i^iiiritieeriiia; Co., litd.,
late of 17 Wellington St. K., Toronto
liave moved to more commoudious offices
in Uoonis 201, 210 and 211, the Dominion
K.xclianjje Building', 14 King street east.
— Vr/v/rK} nr/Zey. — Of*« — C/-
Kig ill
Boiler Design, Construction, Operation, Repairing and Inspection*
By H. S. Jeffery
The Various Points in Connection With Boiler Practice Will be Clearly Taken up
in This Series. The First Article Deals With the Boiler Shell, Including Repair-
ing, Factor of Safety, Hydrostatic Test and Number of Courses. The Series Will
be a Complete Text Book on the Subject of Boilers, and They Should be Preserved
for Reference.
In Figs. 18 and 19 are shown two
typos of double riveted, double strapped
butt joints. In Fig. 18 all the rivets
are in double shear; both the inside and
the outside welt strap being the same
width, while in Fig. 19 one row of
rivets is in double shear and the other
row in singk shear; the inner welt
strap being of greater width than the
I-"iff. 18.
outer strap; also, the rivets in single
shear are pitched twice as great as the
rivets in double shear.
To compute the strength of the
riveted joint. Fig. 18, first find the effi-
ciency of the net section of plate and
then the efficiency of the rivets, and the
Fig. ly.
lower value of the above will be the
efficiency of the riveted joint. Inspec-
tion of Fig. 18 shows that the pitch of
rivets in both the inner and outer rows
of rivets is the same, and accordingly,
the efficiency of the net section of plare
can b« computed from either source.
Now, with the riveted joint, Fig. 19,
the outer row of rivets, which is in
single shear, are pitched' twice as great
as the rivets in the inner row, and which
rivets are in donble shear. Inspection
of Fig. 19, and considering the fore-
going remarks, shows that there is a
minimum and maximum net section of
plate, and that part of the rivets are
in single shear and part in double shear.
In designing a riveted joint as shown
in Fig. 19, or the triple riveted double
strapped butt joint as shown in Fig. 20.
which is only an extension of the double
riveted double strapped butt joint, the
riveted joint should be so designed as
to make the weakest point the net sec-
tion of plate of the maximum pitch of
rivets.
.A cause of failure of a riveted
joint is the shearing of all the rivets.
With a triple-riveted double-strapped
butt joint, as shown in Fig. 20, ibis
mode of failure needi not be consider-
ed, but ■with a double-riveted double-
strapped butt joint, as shown in Fig. 19,
it must be considered.
Continuing the calculations of the
riveted jwint. Fig. 20, it having been al-
ready found that the rivet in sin-
gle shear has an efficiency of 15.7 per
cent., the efficiency of the rivets in dou-
ble shear, must be found and added to
the efficiency of the rivet in single shear.
The shearing strength of the rivets in
double shear is:
.7854 X 4 X 45,000 x 1.85
= 116.24 p.c.
60,000 X .5 X 7.5
Distance Between Rows of Rivets.
15. The distance between the rows of
rivets should at all tames be sufficient
to permit the rivets to be readlily driven
without cutting or disfiguring the head
of the rivet when driving another rivet.
The distance a. Figs. 18 and 19, which
is the distance from the centre of the
rivet hole to the edge of the plate,
should be 1^4 times the diameter of the
rivet hole. With rivets staggered, as
shown in Fig. 18, the distance, b, be-
tween rows should not be less than IV2
times the diameter of the rivet hole,
while the distance, b, of the riveted
joint, Fig. 19, should be suflScient to
permit the outer welt strap to be calked.
The distance, c, of butt joint, especially
the type of joint, as shown in ¥ig. 19,
should be at least 1% times the daa-
metei' of the rivet hole.
Girth Seam Rivets Assistance.
16. With double-strapped butt joints,
inner strap extended, as shown in Fig.
Fig. 20.
30, the net section of plate adjoining
the girth seam will be leas than the
maximum net section of plate, this be-
ing shown by th« letters a and b, Fig. 21.
The net section a is not, however, weak-
er than the net section b, for to rup-
ture the net section a, will require a
number of the rivets in the adjoining
girth seam to shear, the same being in-
i^
Fig. 21.
dicated by the rivets in black. Usually
the strength of the net section a, and
two rivets in the girth seam is sufficient
to make the calculations show the effi-
ciency of these parts greater than the
net section b.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
PLATE HANDLING DEVICE.
By K. Campbell.
One of worst classes of stock to be
handled, is plates. All sorts of de-
vices, clamps, etc., have been invented.
The electro-magnet is used with great
success but in many plants, especially
the smaller ones a jib crane or a yard
Toggle Plate Lifting Device.
crane is used to advantage. In connec-
tion with these two methods, the de-
vice shown in the accompanying sketch
can be used to advantage.
The two jaws are pivoted in a V
clamp and form a toggle, gripping the
plate very securely when unloading it.
There is an appreciable saving of time
in handling and there is no chance of
the plate slipping as the tendency to
slip causes the jaws to grip it more
firmlv.
COMBINATION DRILL, REAMER
AND CUTTER.
By Efficiency.
The combining of operations is one
means of securing greater efficiency in
the shops. In the accompanying illus-
tration is shown a combination drill,
reamer and cutter for machining cylinder
cocks. Instead of tooling, they are by
means of it, bored, seated and faced,
top and outside. The operations are per-
formed with the combination tool in one-
eighth the time of that required by
tooling out.
FORGING VS. HIGH-SPEED STEEL.
By L. L. K.
It is sometimes debatable how much
stock should be left on a forging to se-
cure quick machining. Since the intro-
duction of high speed steel it is found
to give the greatest economy in produc-
tion when little time is spent on the
forging.
In the accompanying illustration is
shown the dimensions of a forging which
\ii^-
~1.
lo'
sidj
-i — I
+-t9S
/a
Hougb Forging and Finisbed Shaft.
the writer took recently from one lying
in an Ontario machine shop. The dimen-
sions shown by the dotted lines were
taken from a blueprint, which was fur-
nished the workman. The forging was
finished to size by using high speed
steel.
LOCOMOTIVE JACK.
By Service.
In erecting a locomotive over a pit a
special jack with a frame extending
across the pits is a necessity. In the
one here shown the part A is of steel
and extends from rail to rail. B is
brass. The jack can be used in any posi-
tion along the base. Convenience in* its
/:
Locomotive Jack.
use, is the special feature which com-
mends it.
FRESH AIR WITHOUT DRAFT.
By M. E. D.
The accompanying sketch the writer
saw in use recently to obtain fresh air
without a draft. Pipe elbows were used
and were fitted into a board as shown.
This board was the width of the win-
dow and about fi ins. high. Air entered
ComblDatloo Drill, Ueamer and Cutter for M ucbining Cylinder Cocks.
Fresh Air Without Draft.
at B, the part A projecting inside. Four
were used on each window, so that the
amount of fresh air could be regulated.
This was done by having caps fit over
the pipe at C and removing as many as
necessary. This device is especially use-
ful for winter months or in a time-
keeper's or cost office were a direct
draft would soon mix up the papers.
TUBE CUTTER.
By Onlooker.
A simple arrangement for cutting
tubes to length is shown in the illustra-
tion. An angle is used with A adjus-
table so that any length may be cut. B
CANADIAN MACHINERY
133
is a saw. The angle is pressed forward
by a simple foot arrangement, and is re-
turned to place by three weights secured
to it. In order to keep the angle per-
pendicular to the saw, the angle has
-8
][
Tube Cutter.
three blocks which run in slots in the
table. The weights are fastened to the
angle just above the blocks. By this
method quantities of tubes were quickly
cut to length without the necessity of
measuring each tube.
WORK THAT IS TOO LARGE FOR
THE PLANER.
By Frederick Seabury.
The accompanying line engraving shows
how a steam-hammer anvil-block that
was too large to go on the planer, was
machined. The block was first leveled
up on the floor beside the planer, so that
the top of the casting was a little be-
low the top of the planer platen. For
nailer .^uaplali
safety the casting was clamped to the
floor, although its weight was such that
there was no great danger of its moving
under the thrust of the cut. The cross-
rail with the attached head was then re-
moved and clamped securely to a heavy
angle-plate, which was bolted to the
platen. A substantial diagonal brace A
was then fastened to the cross-rail and
platen as shown. The tool was fed, of
course, by hand, and the dove-tail for
the dies was planed by the use of the
adjustable head in the usual manner.
HIGH SPEED STEEL DRILLS AND
REAMERS.
By K. Campbell.
To make a whole drill or reamer from
high speed steel is expensive, but the
lli(.'li Spc'iMl Drills and Re.Tmers.
The job was satisfactory in every way
and caused considerable comment in the
shop .—Machinery .
PLANER EXTENSION.
In tlie sliop-s of the Collingwood Ship-
building' Co., Collingwood, Ont., there
is only one planer — a side planer, witli
a 36-inch table. Wide articles which
nuist be faced on the side could not be
done on the planer, on account of the
over-hanging part having too great tend-
ing to tip planer table. J. Smith, man-
ager, got out the idea shown in the ac-
companying sketch, for increasing the
capacity of the machine, so that it would
take almost any size article. A is the
planer, B and C two 10-inch I-beams,
the former being the length of the plan-
er bed and the latter the length of the
table. Between the two beams are cast
iron rollers D, held in position by side
straps E. The beam B may be moved
any desired distance up to ten feet away
from the planer on the I-beam F imbed-
ded in the floor, and to which the beam
B is bolted.
The article to be planed is placed on
the planer as desired, over-hanging onto
beam C, which is slightly lower than
the planer table, so that blocking is
necessary. The article is bolted to this
beam. The rollers are machined, but
the beams are in their rough state.
efficiency of the high speed steel may be
obtained by making the cutting part of
this steel and the shank of a less expen-
sive steel. In the accompanying hall-
tone are shown a number of shop tools
where the cutting ends are of high speed
steel. The five at the right are reamers
which may be screwed on to shanks such
as has been done on the next three. Thus
one shank will accommodate quite a
variety of sizes of high speed drills,
reamers, etc.
BUSINESS TRANSFER.
Bain & Mitchell, Y.M.C.A. Building,
have transferred their business lo Fran-
cis Hankin & Co., 231 Coristine Build-
ing, who have opened a machinery de-
partment, with A. G. Webster, of Bain
& Mitchell, in charge. F. Hankin & Ca.
will handle the agencies formerly held
by Bain & Mitchell.
A really great man is known by three
signs — generosity in the design, human-
ity in the execution, moderation in suc-
cess.—Bismarck.
A grinding wheel cannot be judged by
its color. Several wheels of the same
grit and bond may be of difTerent colors,
owing to the material used. The con-
ditions in the kiln will also sometimes
affect the color.
Plaoer Extension.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher QuaHty and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, and Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
AUTOMATIC VARIABLE FEED.
The accompanying halt-tone shows the
automatic variable feed to the head as
applied to the Rockford shapers. It will
be noted from the illustration that the
.\iitoui:ilu- \ari:ible i-'tfil to Shapcr Ih':ui.
Koiktord .MacUiue Tool Co., Kockford, 111.
arrangement has been designed with the
view of simplicity and absence of com-
plicated parts, making it serviceable and
not liable to get out of order. It feeds
the tool either up or down and operates
at any angle. The triangular shaped in-
cline on which the roller rides can be
readily adjusted to suit the position of
ram or moved out of the way when not
in use.
The lever shown on the side of ram
with spring pin, regulates the amount ot
feed. Six changes are provided, as fol-
lows : .008, .016, .024, .032, .040, .048.
The le%'er on top of the ram reverses the
feed and throws the gears out of mesh,
by placing lever in central position when
not in use.
The Rockford shaper is manufactured
by the Rockford Machine Tool Co.,
Rockford, 111., U.S.A.
REMINGTON BENCH LATHE.
The accompanying illustrations show
the bench lathe of the Remington Tool
and Machine Co., Boston, Mass., which
has several new attachments. The lathe
Iteni'h I..atbe with Forming anil Cuttlng-olT
Slides, Remington Tool & liacblne Co.
has an adjustment of two inches to in-
crease the tension on the belts.
The spindle is ot the two angle type.
It takes 5-6 in. stock through the selt-
centering spring collet chucks ; |"
through the live spindle when a universal
chuck is to be used. The end-thrust ad-
justment of spindle is accomplished by
advancing a fibre collar to come in con-
tact with the shoulder on the front of
the spindle. This feature allows holes
up to i" being drilled continuously with-
out sticking or stopping of the spindle.
The tail stock is provided with com-
bination screw teed and lever feed of the
Rem'ngton Bench Lalhe
spindle. The horizontal movement of
lailstock spindles is 3 ins. The eccen-
tric end of binder bolt has adjustment
for wear.
The attachments comprise the turret
with forming and cutting-ofT slide ; mill-
ing attachment which can be used with
lever as a hand milling attachment, or
with ball crank handle for screw feed ;
and grinding attachments, inside and
outside. The turret attachment has six
Prei'ision Bench Latlje.
holes and is provided with independent
slops for each tool. The forming slide
lias a swivel tool post graduated in de-
crees so that straight forming cutters
may be used in turning any degree of
angle.
AUTOMATIC SPRING AND AIR
CHUCKS.
The Garvin Machine Company, New
York, is putting on the market a very
complete line of automatic chucks with
two and three jaws in various sizes.
Fig. 1 shows a two-jaw chuck disas-
sembled. The body A is of the ordinary
type but carries an actuating jaw B,
which has a series of inclined slots mill-
ed in it, tongues in the central draw
plug C fitting into these inclined slots.
By moving the plug to the rear both jaws
are forced toward the center by the
wedging action of the inclined slots and
tongues. The dovetailed jaws are adjus-
table by means of a screw on the ac-
tuating laws to and from the centre,
and when adjusted are locked in place by
a locking screw. The dovetailed jaw is
dovetailed on both sides, so that it can
be reversed and grip either external or
internal work. In the latter case an
extra piece C, with the diagonal slots
running in the opposite direction, is ne-
cessary. The adjustment of the jaws is,
therefore, entirely independent, but in
operation they work simultaneously.
In detail the three-jawed are similar
to the two-jawed chucks. The three-
jawed chucks are furnished with the re-
g;ular step type of jaws and can be fitted
with various other types of jaws to ac-
commodate all classes of work.
KiK- 1 - Two .law Chuck Disassembled.
The chuck is screwed on the nose of
Ihe spindle in the usual manner ; a pull
rod or tube is then screwed into the
central plug in the chuck, and the other
end attached to the operating mechan-
ism. A number of styles of operating
mechanisms can be applied, governed by
the conditions found in practice.
Inside the cone pulley is mounted a
heavy spring, around the spindle. At
the rear it bears against the spring-
thrust collar through which passes a
taper pin. The pin is a drive fit in the
collar and also in the draw rod, but it
slides, in an elongated slot, in the
spindle. The spring exerts a pull at 800
pounds on the draw rod, and the wedg-
ing action of the inclined planes in the
chuck multiplies this by four, giving a
resultant grip, exclusive of friction,
equal to 3,200 pounds on the work. A
foot treadle is attached to the operat-
ing plunger at the rear end of the spin-
dle. A slight downward pressure of the
treadle carries the tube forward and au-
tomatically carries the friction out of
CANADIAN MACHINERY
135
the Cone. The momentum of the spindle
is stopped by the brake pins and washer
at the rear of the front box. The cone
pulley is now running idle. The full
movement of the treadle opens the chuck
jaws, releases the finished piece of work
and the chuck is ready for the reception
of the next piece.
On releasing the treadle the pressure
of the spring first closes the jaws on the
work and then carries the friction into
the cone, which starts the spindle at
full speed.
Where compressed air is obtainable
the system of a piston inside the cone
piillcv is used. Pipini;; is attached Id
Fig.
Al'i":niK'*'ni<'nt 1 ir iJiiiipiii
(ieai- on tlie J'itrh Liitt
Simi-
an air inlet at the end oi the spindle,
the operating valve being placed in a
position convenient for the operator.
When air is turned on it passes
through the chamber to the front of the
piston, forcing it back and closing the
chuck jaws on the work. The pressure
of the air in the opposite direction car-
ries the cone pulley on to the friction
which starts the spindle forward at full
speed. On releasing the air, tlie spring
inside the spindle forces the pulley oft
the friction, and the momentum of the
spindle is checked by a multiple-disk
brake on the rear spindle bearing, which
leaves the cone pulley running free. The
pressure of the spring in the other direc-
tion carries the tube forward, opening
the chuck jaws, and the machine is now-
ready to receive the next piece.
The air pressure necessary for operat-
ing is from 70 pounds up. For work
which does not require a heavy grip, a
reducing valve may be placed in the
pipe and adjusted to give the necessary
pressure.
With the air-operated chucks the jaws
are at all times forced against the work
by the elastic pressure of the air, and
any variation in size is automatically
accommodated.
The.se operating mechanisms are ail
self-contained and there is at no time
while the machinery is running, any
pressure on the spindle boxes.
The air system is, of cour.se, the most
powerful and convenient, because it
saves physical effort, and where the
both these can be accommodated with-
out reversing the jaws of the chuck.
Kig. 2 shows a three-jaw air-operated
chuck, arranged on a Garvin hole-grind-
ing machine for gripping a bevel pinion
by the pitch line.
Fig. 3 shows the arrangement for grip-
ping a spur gear on the pitch line. The
jaws are adjustable to and from the
centre, for different-sized gears, they
also carry a hardened plate on which is
mounted a hardened roller which grips
number of pieces handled per day ex-
ceeds 1,OOU, it is the most desirable, but
where there is no compressed-air system
or where the number of pieces does not
exceed the limit stated above, the spring
actuated chuck will be found efhcient.
The methods just described show ap-
plications to machines built by the Gar-
vin Machine Co., but machines already
in use can be equipped with a spring
system or an air system. These mechan-
isms are mounted on the rear end of the
spindle. They operate the chuck only,
the starting and stopping being done by
the countershaft. They are for this rea-
son somewhat slower than those already
shown, as the spindle is not stopped in-
stantly.
A double air cylinder is also made,
which takes the air in on either side of
the piston, gripping and releasing by air
pressure without the aid of a spring.
This system is convenient for gripping
either internal or external work., as
Fig. 2.— Tlircc .Tinv .\ir Operated Clutch.
the gear at the pitch line. This plate is
adjustable sideways for gripping gears
where the number of teeth is not divisi-
ble by three.
These chucks may also be operated by
the hand-lever mechanism. With this
mechanism the chuck jaws are opened
1-16 inch on the diameter, which is suffi-
cient for a grip on finished work. The
spring or air-operated mechanisms give
an increased opening and the three-jaw
chucks are arranged to open f inch,
while the two-jaw style is made in two
types, one of which opens I inch and
the other J inch on the diameter.
The chuck shown in Fig. 4, known as
the automatic index chuck, has a wide
field of adaptability for that class of
work having two or more points of work
to be operated on lying in the same
plane. These chucks are identical in
construction with the former ones ex-
cept that they have index jaws.
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Automatic luUex Chuck.
Kig. 5. — The Outside Type of Air Control.
136
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Fig. 5 shows a Garvin geared triction-
head power-feed monitor lathe, equipped
with a 12-inch two-jaw adjustable rever-
sible, automatic chuck which is operated
by the outside air system. The stop-
ping of the spindle is, in this case, done
by throwing the friction lever on the
headstock to a neutral position.
FULL UNIVERSAL RADIAL DRILL.
The John Bertram & Sons Co., Dun-
das, Ont., have placed on the market a
B ft. full universal radial drill shown in
1. — Uvrii'Miu liiivrisal liudial Drill
driven by motor.
the accompanying illustrations. It will
drill to the centre of a 12 ft. circle.
The column carrying the arm revolves
on ball bearings and can be clamped in
any position. The arm is raised and
lowered by power. The spindle is coun-
terbalanced and has quick return, 16
changes of speed and three changes of
feed by hand or power.
The vertical travel of spindle is 17
ins. ; spindle is bored to Morse taper
No. 5 ; maximum distance spindle to
w
Li
tt
1 . - i sal Uudinl UiUl
(Irivfcu by Hiiiglo belt through speed box.
baseplate is .73 ins. ; minimum distance
spindle to baseplate, 4 J ins. ; and max-
imum distance face of column to spindle
is 72J ins. The drill is supplied with
standard work table of box section hav-
ing slotted top and side. The baseplate
is slotted for bolting work.
Fig. 1 shows a 6 ft. radial drill with
the drive by means of a 5 h.p. constant
speed motor through speed box. Fig. 2
shows a 6 ft. radial drill driven by a
single pulley through speed box instead
of by motor.
NEW DESIGN ROTARY PLANING
MACHINE.
The diameter of cutter heads in the
machine shown, over tools 26 in., length
of in and out adjustment to each head
by hand 2i in., in length of cross feed to
i-ach saddle 5 ft., size of each work
table 3 ft. by 6 ft., maximum distance
between the faces of cutting tools 30 ft.;
be adjusted from the minimum to the
maximum distance by means of a 5 h.
p. motor mounted on the back of the
base, motion being transmitted from
the motor through spiral gears to the
worm wheel shaft, in turn meshing with
the worm wheel, which controls the
rack pinion. This machine is especially
adapted for rapid production in finishing
cast iron and structural columns on
both ends.
This machine is manufactured by the
.Newton Machine Tool Works, Philadel-
phia.
FLEXIBLE HACKSAW BLADE.
This is not an illustration of a dog
collar and chain, but rather it shows the
work of a CuUey Flexible Hack Saw
Blade, manufactured by the Simonds
Mfg. Co., Fitchburg, Mass. and Mon-
treal, P.Q. There were 47 separate
Sample of Work of the CuUey Flexible Hack .Saw Blades.
minimum distance between the faces of
cutting tools 6 ft. 3 J in., machine occu-
pies a floor space of 37 ft. by 5 ft. 6 in.
in the base, and the length of the cross
slide for each head is 10 feet.
The cutter heads are steel castings
with angular slots for the reception of
tools cut from the solid with a steel
band shrunk on the periphery, into
which the tool retaining set screws are
fitted. The internal driving face plate
gear has teeth cut from the solid and
the teeth of the driving pinion as well
as for transmitting the feed are cut
from the solid.
The drive to each head is by means of
a 7i h.p. Westinghouse Electric & Mfg.
Co. type "S" motor, having a speed of
(175 r.p.m. Motion is further transmit-
ted through spiral gears to the driving
worm wheel. The driving worm is of
hardened steel and the driving worm
wheel has a bronze ring with teeth of
sleep lead and both are encased for
rings made from a 1 inch pipe, each ring
slit and the chain formed. After mak-
ing this number of cuts the condition of
the blade was so good that the teeth are
clearly defined, even in this greatly re-
duced illustration. The remarkable flex-
ible property of this blade is shown by
its being bent in a complete circle.
NEW LATHES OF AMERICAN TOOL
WORKS CO.
The American Tool Works Co., Cincin-
nati, Ohio, are placing on the market a
new line of 36 and 42 in. lathes, the spe-
cial feature of them being the quick
change mechanism, all the gears in which
are steel.
The material used in the gears is
made from either bar steel or drop forg-
ings. This mechanism is embodied in a
self-contained unit carried on the front
of the bed and provides 32 fundamental
changes of threads ranging from 1 to 14
per inch. In addition to this a coni-
Speclal Rotary Planing Machine, Newtou Machine Tool Works, Philadelphia.
lubrication, and where necessary roller
bearings are provided. The left hand
machine is stationary on the base and
the right hand machine is arranged to
pound quadrant gear is provided on the
end of bed which will furnish 16 addi-
tional changes, thus affording 48 thread
and feed changes ranging from \ to 28
U A x\ A D 1 A N MACHINERY
137
threads including lU pipe thread and
from 4 to 244 cuts per inch. The 32
changes in the box are all obtained
through the medium of a cone and tum-
bler gear and two sliding clutches of the
selective type, .\nyone of these changes
may be instantly obtained while the ma-
chine is running.
total length over all inside knuckles, 64
ft. 11 ins.; tractive effort 79,200 lbs., and
normal speed 60 miles an hour.
The weight of the motor is 43,000 lbs.,
and the maximum horse power is 4,000
li.p. The locomotive is of double de-
siirn, the two parts being connected at
tlie drivinir wheels ends. In the event ol'
pletely enclosed and running in an oil
bath. Four changes of feed and a neu-
tral position are efTected by moving a
Electric Loconiotlvo, Showing Motors iuiil Uiiniiing Gear.
The quadrant mentioned alsi> provides
means for obtaining through the medium
of loose gears any odd rates or feeds
which may from time to time be desir-
ed. The cone gears are all of the Brown
& Sharpe 20 degree involute pointed
type which provides an especially strong
tooth and greatly facilitates the engag-
ing of the gears while running. The
coarse threads and feeds are all obtained
through the cone, and no member in tne
hox does at any time run faster than the
initial driving gear.
line motor being tut out, the other
motor will operate the whole locomotive
and can be controlled from either cab.
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE.
In the accompanying illustration is
shown the motors and running of a
Westiiighouse electric locomotive for D.
C. 600 volts. The weight complete is
156 tons; weight on drivers, 200,000 lbs. ;
NEW DRILLING MACHINE.
The solid stocky design and extreme
simplicity are the distinguisning tea-
tilres of this new stationary head drill-
ing machine with geared feed, the first
lot of which the Sibley Machine Tool
Co., South Bend, Ind., have just com-
pleted. Its rigidity and the geared feeds
adapt it to the heavy cuts of modern
manufacturing. While having the same
range as similar models formerly made
by this company it is considerably lower
in height.
It will be noted that the feed mechan-
ism derives its power from the top
drive shaft, and all the gearing is com-
New DriUing Machine, Sibley Machluc Tool Co.,
South Bend, Ind.
small knob in the centre of the hand
wheel. The convenience of this arrange-
ment is obvious.
The automatic stop collar on the spin-
dle sleeve, trips a latch at the desired
depth of iiole and the worm swings away
from the worm gear. Unusually severe
tests have been tried with this feed, and
results were so successful that the
Sibley Machine Tool Co. have adopted
it for their entire line, excepting the
20" and 22i" sizes.
111(1 ^.i In. style, -Mneriian High Duty I.nthe.
138
CANADIAN MACHINERY
GnadianMachinery
.♦^ Manufacturing New5->
A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manutacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, ccnstruction
and improvement, and to all usets of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rioity, compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN ZZ
H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto
G. C KEITH, M.E., B.Sc, Toronto
PETER BAIN, M.E., Toronto
;• # IPreiident
Business Manager
Managine Editor
Associate Editor
OFFICES :
CANADA GREAT BRITAIN
Mo»T,«L Rootn. 701-702 Eastern Lo"-" " ^Sp^,'"^ l^rl;. F^iSi
Townships Bank Bldg E. J. Dodd
Toronto 113-IJ9 University Ave. UNITED STATES
Phone Main 7324 ^"^ York - - R. B. Huestis
115 Broadway
WiNNip«o,5U Union Bank Building Telephone 2282 Cortlandt
Phone 3736
BRirnH Columbia - Vancouver FRANCE
H. Hodgson, ''*'"'
John F. Jones & Co.,
Slbis, Faubourg Montmartre,
Paris, France
Room 21, Hartney Chambers
Cable Address:
Macpubco, Toronto. Atabek, London, Enj.
SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
Canada, United States, $1.00. Great Britain. Aus lia and other colonies
4a. 6d., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.
Subscribers who are not receivine their paper regularly will confer a
favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified at once of any
change in address, giving both old and new.
Vol. VII.
May, 1911
No. 5
DO THE HARD THINGS FIRST.
A certain manager ha.s over his desk the motto in
large letters, "Do the Hard Things First." It is a
motto that can be passed down to the superintendent,
foreman and men. Many hard or disagreeable duties
must be done and it i.s best to use the freshest efforts
to accomplish them. The "putting off until to-morrow"
in the hopes someone else will do the job is a bad
policy. Attempting the hardest things first will make
the day's work pleasanter and will give you a greater
interest in your work.
YOUR PERSONAL EQUIPMENT.
In your survey and consequent improvement in the
machinery equipment there is another form of equipment
which requires very careful examination with a similar
object in view. We refer to the personal equipment — to
the measure of our knowledge of the elements which con-
stitute the ideal in manufacturing, so that the product
of our own establishments shall bear some reasonable
relationship to that ideal Is our personal equipment
sufTicient to meet the demand with the growth of the
manufacturing industry ?
The inoohiiiiieal equipment must ever be subservient
to the personal or mental one. From the machine shops
where excellent work is being turned out, remove the
men from the lathes and substitute men of but average
ability, and, regardless of the efficiency of the mechani-
cal equipment, the quality of the product will immed-
iately drop.
We are apt to forget that the same principle applies
In the case of the executive head of the establishment,
although an examination of the product of some of the
leading manufacturers, would prove the correctness of
the principle.
It is well to take stock as to the extent and value
of our personal equipment. Will we be able to infuse
into the product of our establishment a distinctive char-
acter and quality, or is our work to sink into medio-
crity ? Have we broadened the outlook and firm grasp
upon the principles of machine shop work and manage-
ment, or does our personal equipment bear the marks
of wear and tear and age ?
Ideas will not last for ever. They become old-fashion-
ed, worn out and commonplace. You must be progres-
sive, you must keep up with the present trend of prac-
tice in the shop or in its management. You must de-
velop your personal equipment.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION FOR MECHANICS.
With evidences of largely increased agricultural, min-
eral and industrial development ahead, educationalists
are stirring themselves to activity on behalf of those
whose work lies in these particular spheres. Schemes are
being propounded and preparations made, to enhance the
value of labor in commercial and industrial enterprises,
by establishing technical schools in our large cities and
manufacturing centres, and it is gratifying to note that
the movement emanates from a substantial and reliable
quarter, ensuring stability and ultimate success. The
leading representatives of our great corporations foresee
enough to appreciate the importance of technical educa-
tion as a civilizing, vital, energizing, and inestimable
asset of this or. any country, and with commendable de-
termination are seeking to transform their ideals into
substantial realities.
It should be common knowledge, that the acquire-
ment and application of technical education are unlimited
in degree at least, and that individual development is
necessary to its pursuit. Undue haste to be on equality
of equipment with older countries is however discernible,
and is to be regretted ; because likely to retard real pro-
gress, and delay equal and certain successful results. A
jealous, or it may be patriotic spirit due to a campari-
son of superior conditions in England, France, Germany
and the Inited States, i with those existent in Canada,
has overcome the usually calm, calculating natures of
these responsible for the movement, and will have the
inevitable result in due course, of their hopes being but
partly realized, and the shifting of the blame to the
apathetic response of those for whom the effort was in-
augurated.
Pessimistic yet true, because impossible otherwise
under the circumstances, and why ? The answer is, we
are not ready for the equivalent equipment of the coun-
tries named, ours being comparatively speaking a new
country.
The individual development already referred to as
necessary is not sufficiently advanced, yea has not been
more than started in this Canada of ours, and satisfac-
tory results cannot therefore be looked for. The ground
is not yet prepared, and will not be so for some years
to come. The western farmer does not equip himself
with the most modern and expensive agricultural imple-
ments until he has his section cleared. He does not rea-
son indiscriminately, and expect that agricultural imple-
ments because they are named so, and were bought of a
reputable maker, will overcome the neglect of clearing
and ensure a bountiful harvest. Neither does a mining
company, a reputable one at least, reason that it must
launch into large capital outlay because rich ore has
been located in the vicinity of its claim. It rather stays
CANADIAN MACHINERY
l:!!»
its hand, however hopeful the outlook, until its own
initial development uncovers wealth warranting the ex-
penditure. For the same reason a magnificent technical
institution, second to none in appearance and, equipment,
should not be used to get results from infinitely more
difficult ground than our farmer friend contends with,
or from what is in mining nomenclature a prospect whose
being is justified only by what others are getting.
The old saying, "till the ground," has assuredly a
weight of meaning for our technical education enthus-
iasts, yet it need not damp their zeal, but rather help
to direct it properly and effectively. There must needs
be a full realization of the condition of those sought to
be served and benefited. To those \ already engaged in
the work of technical education as applied to leading
Canadian industries, it is at once apparent that know-
ledge of the condition of the ground material to be oper-
ated upon, does not have the prominence it should in the
formulation of the promoters' plans.
It is no disparagement of students who do or may
attend teehnical instruction classes to speak in this man-
ner of their status. Instruction has in the past been con-
fined to a few obscure although most effective courses in
various branches. Careful individual study of each man's
requirements, necessitating small classes and high fees,
and an interest in his daily problems of the factory, are
necessary elements in the successful prosecution of tech-
nical education.
Experience, however, goes to prove that with a
plethora of ideal teaching conditions, results are not in
any way commensurate with the instruction given ; prov-
ing the utter hopelessness of even approaching this low
percentage efficiency in one majestic institution of con-
gested classes. Of course this congestion will be notor-
iously short-lived ; for before the close of the courses, the
attendance will have dwindled so much so as to call for
microscopical investigation of its existence, not to
speak of similar but more minute examination for re-
sults.
This is a universal experience, differing only in min-
ute degree in countries with long established technical
institutions. The actual number to really benefit is sim-
ply a skeleton of the total enrolment, and as Canada is
a beginner, she should start with a modest equipment.
Most of these others even with their paucity of results
to-day have grown steadily from zero upwards and are
still growing, in equipment too, commensurate with re-
sultant progress. We should not presume to start at
their present stage, and try to keep pace with them.
CARING FOR MACHINERY.
Any thorough system of inspection that will prevent
rough usuage or neglect of machinery in the machine shop
is commendable. In preventing neglect as well as in pre-
venting accidents a pound of prevention is worth several
tons of cure.
In some plants an inspector makes daily rounds in-
specting carefully all elevators and elevator cables, power
equipment, shafting, bearings and machine tools. The
most remote corner receives as rigid an inspection as
those within easy reach and the result is that the plants
run without accident or breakdown for full time year
after year.
The idea is a good one and may be carried still
further. When certain machines are idle several months
in the year they should not be allowed to rust. In too
many shops this is the case. It reminds one of the
farmer who leaves his mowers and binders exposed to all
weather, winter and summer, and then complains because
the machines wear out in a short time or do not give
good service. If the idle machines are thoroughly cleaned
and protected against any liability to rust, the result
will be more than satisfactory.
The eternal vigilance of a trained inspector or force
of responsible trained inspectors will result in removing
all irregularities or any chance of neglect or accident.
BE ABLE TO SAY YES AND NO.
A certain factory manager who has made a success of
his business, attributes his success largely to his ability
to say "yes" and "no" and to say them at the proper
time. He is a believer, as he himself, explains, in good
old Saxon words. If he does not want any new factory
equipment or stock, he says so without beating around
the bush. On the other hand, if he thinks a thing would
help him to secure greater economy in the shop or
greater production without a large additional expense, he
does not hesitate to accept it.
Undoubtedly there are managers, superintendents and
foremen who lack the power to make up their own minds
without undue delay. They temporize, lacking the cour-
age to refuse something, which their common sense con-
demns, or to accept a thing which looks good, but in-
volves new ideas and added risks. The ability to make
quick decisions and make them wisely, is one of the great-
est gifts assisting in making a successful manager, parti-
cularly if he has the added quality of stick-to-itiveness.
TOPICS OF THE MONTH.
An exchange of ideas will bring you excellent re-
turns. Try it.
• * *
There should be co-operation between the mechanical
and purchasing departments when ordering machine tools.
* • *
Manufacturers are beginning to realize that pure air
and lots of light are factors affecting the cost of produc-
tion.
• • »
U.sing the proper size motor for the work to be done
means a saving in power and an increase in the shop
efficiency.
* * *
A factory telephone system will keep foremen in their
respective departments and thus keep them within reach
of the men requiring their advice.
If we may judge from the number of new machine
shops and additions to older plants, the machinery
dealers will have a busy season during the remaining
months of 1911.
« • *
The machine shop backyard scrap-pile is worth look-
ing after. The various metals should be separated into
respective piles and each pile disposed of at the proper
figure. In this way the scrap pile is turned into a
valuable mine.
* * •
Several managers of industrial plants, recognizing
the value of Canadian Machinery, have not only renewed
their subscriptions, but sent in subscriptions for a num-
ber of their employes as well. Such an expression of
good will on the part of the managers, is thoroughly
appreciated by the men.
POWER EQUIPMENT & APPUCATION
Ejcpert Descriptive Articles Dealing with Selection and Purchase of Most Suitable Power
Elquipment for All Purposes, its Proper Application, Installation, Operation and Treatment.
0£A£S AND GEARING* wheel is also calculated to be strong Proportions of Wheel Teeth.
By A. E. B. enough for any dead load it may have The following proportions arc com-
Rawhide gears should be used with as ^° sustain, especially when the revolu- monly adopted for the teeth of wheels
coarse a pitch as possible and the ^'""^ are low per unit of time. when cast, and are stated in terms of
breadth of the teeth should be about When metal teeth work with metal ^^^ P't"!* '■
one-third more than cast iron gears. If teeth and are cast simply without be- Height of tooth above pitch line... .33
the work is heavy it is well to house ing afterwards cut, it is quite possible Height o( tooth below pitch line 42
the teeth between flanges. that the load may come not only on a Total height of tooth 75
Rawhide gears are superior to fibre single tooth, but on one corner of it Working depth of tooth 66
gears but arc more or less aSected by only. With machine cut teeth the load Thickness of tooth 45
oil, water and changes in temperature. may be considered to bear evenly along Space between teeth 55
They should be kept well varnished. tlie Point of the tooth and not wholly Backlash of tooth 10
Fibre gears are not so aflected and do on one corner ; therefore if the teeth are Thickness of wheel rim and arms... .45
not require to be varnished. The action carefully shaped on oycloidal principles '^° ensure durability, ^ the width of
of these gears is practically noiseless. the load may be considered as divided ^^^'^ °^ ^^^^^ should be 24 times the
Forms ot Teeth between two teeth, especially after a P'tch.
Gear teeth are shaped to the form of short time in use. With machine cut gears a different
certain curves and are known by those With mortise wheels, the teeth of ^°°^^ proportion is followed :
curves as Cycloidal and Involute. which are alwavs carefullv dressed and ^^^*' °' *°°*'^ ^^°'''^ P'*'^'' ''""■• -^l^
Cycloidal teeth are formed by two shaped and tried round in "place for final Hg^- of tooth below pitch line.. .369
curves which commence at the pitch cir- adjustment, the load may be considered 1° ■ '''''^'^*' °' tooth 687
cle and curve in opposite directions. distributed along the tooth point and t!,°.'^^'"^ '^^^^^ °^ *°°*'^ ^^^
Involute teeth are formed by one curve likewise divided between two teeth at Thickness of tooth 48 to .5
and are most desirable for general prac- least. It is always safer to reckon the ^^^l*: ^'^tween teeth 52 to .5
tice, as greater care must be exercised load as acting at the tooth point, in- °'*<''''as" of tooth 0 to .04
with the use of Cycloidal teeth that stead of at the pitch circle when com-
the centre to centre distance between the puting the strength. Ten may be ccjn- A TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR,
gears is correct to insure a uniform sidered a desirable factor of safety for The Magnolia Metal Company point
velocity of the driven gear. ordinary purposes ; but when there is o"t an error that was made in their
Involute teeth are also much stronger vibration and impact it should be in- April advertisement by the misplace-
for the same pitch, owing to the greater creased in some systematic way to suit ment of a decimal, which has an import-
thickness at the root. The teeth of a ^^'^^ particular circum.stance. ant bearing upon the figures shown in
rack may be straight when used with a Cast iron teeth which work into mor- t^^ *able under heading of "Coefficient
pinion having Involute teeth. tise wheels should be carefully filed up °^ Friction"— "A" WHITE BRASS— in
When driving cogs into a mortise gear to gauge and not only made approxi- *^^ ^^st by the United States Govern-
they should be coated with linseed oil '"ately true in shape, but have all rough- f^""^' "^'^g water as a lubricant. The
or thin white lead, which will enable "«''^« removed to minimize excessive l'S"'^<'« """" this heading should read as
them to be put in tighter with less dan- ^^^r of the wood cogs. follows :-
ger of splitting. A coating of hot tal- To compute the dead load at pitch Magnolia No. 1 0.00159375
low and plumbago or of linseed oil and circle necessary to transmit the requir- Magnolia No. 2 0.0049479
plumbago administered to the cogs after ed power as in the case of a crane, the "A" White Brass 0.0198916
they are driven into the wheel will following rule may be found useful. Magnolia No. 1 0.00080208
greatly prolong their life. Maximum load at pitch circle in lbs. Magnolia No. 1 0.00129166
Stress on Teeth equals I.H.P. X 33,000 Magnolia No. 1 0.0024727
_. . u . . . ■ — Magnolia No. 1 0.00275
The stress on wheel teeth may be due .. ,
either to a dead load, or a load accom- P'*"'' ''""''^ velocity in ft. per min.
paniedby vibration and even with im- Power of Gearing. '^''"" P°'''" '" ^ ^^';^°'y <=°""*s '"^^
pact. In the former, the maxium load Pressure on the teeth of wheels varies "'"'"'' " horsepower."
being a definitely known quantity, the inversely as the number of revolutions strongly suspect that the coal
tooth can be proportioned as a beam and directly as the power transmitted, f^"'^'^'' '■'o™ ashes would necessarily be
loaded at one end and fixed at the other; Thus for equal power transmission by "<=hestnut' coal.
a definite factor of safety being aimed at. two wheels running at different veloci- ^ magnetic chuck has been found use-
In the latter, the pressure on the tooth ties, say 20 and 80 revolutions per min- ^"^ ^^ holding small parts of odd shapes
necessary to transmit the req,uisite hor.se ute respectively, the strain on the which had to be repaired. It grips them
power may be calculated, but a much former will be four times that of the without the use of special vises or jaws.
larger factor of safety should be used latter. Again, if two wheels run at the Gravity circulation in heating systems,
to cover the effects of vibration and im- same velocity, transmitting 20 and 40 it is said, will not in the great majority
pact. The teeth may however be pro- horse power respectively, the strain on of installations exceed one foot per sec-
portioned by empirical rules, but in that delivering the higher power will be ond, and in most ot them is considerably
using these, care must be taken that the double that of the other. Power trans- less. Also that the friction of heated
• Part II. of tbe third article of the gerl '°'"*"', depends largely on the number of water in pipes is 25 per cent, less than
of Power TranginlBiiion Eaulpment, Opera- teeth in gear at one time and also on with cold water, the two temperatures
tlon and efficiency Subject*. velocity. assumed being 170 and 60 degs.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
141
BABBIT METALS.
By A. A. Greenburgh.*
'p HERE is perhaps, at the present
time, no term in the mechanical
world so ambiguous and so misused as
the term "Genuine Babbitt." It is
popularly believed that "Genuine Bab-
bitt" is the composition originally com-
pounded and invented by Isaac Babbitt,
to whom we are indebted for the inven-
ton of making soft metal linings for
bearings. In U.S. Patent No. 1252, July
17, 1839, granted to him, a suitable com-
position is mentioned, consisting of 50
parts tin, 5 parts antimony and 1 part
copper. Now what his patent specific-
ally covers and what he claims in the
same, is simply the method of applica-
tion of a soft lining in bearings. The
formula given was for the purpose of
making his specifications complete for
patent office requirements. The value of
his invention in his own mind related
to the construction of bearings rather
than to the production of an anti-fric-
tional metal.
Later, Mr. Babbitt gave the question
of the composition of his alloy some
thought, and he realized that the hard-
est alloy consistent with other require-
ments was the best for him to use. The
formula for his favorite composition,
which some years later he sold to a
Mr. Phillips, an American manufacturer,
was quite difEerent from that first men-
tioned in his patent, in that it contained
10 parts tin, 1 part antimony and 1
part copper. At the outset, Mr, Bab-
bitt himself had no exact composition
which he used tor his linings, where-
fore the term "Genuine Babbitt" can-
not be used in the sense that it is Bab-
bitt's original composition; and further
it is impracticable and cannot be used
as a definite specification.
Babbitt Compositions.
Still greater uncertainty is brought
out by chemical analysis of the different
metals sold under the trade name of
"Genuine Babbitt." If the term ever
meant anything at all, it was simply
this : that the preponderant constituent
was tin, and that its two other constitu-
ents were antimony and copper.
Until recent years the term generally
implied that the composition was free
from lead. This however is no longer
the case, because the low cost of anti-
monial-lead as a by-product for the last
fifteen years, and the constant increase
in the price of tin have weighed so heav-
ily on the manufacturer of "Genuine
Babbitt," that to-day the term no long-
er positively excludes lead from its com-
position.
• "Babbitt' specialist, tbe Lumen Bearlnr
Co, Toronto and Buffalo.
Engineers and machine builders rea-
lize that there is no such thing as one
universal bearing composition that can
be considered as the best and most ser-
viceable alloy for all requirements.
Bearing metal should be specified with
the same degree of care and decision as
any other metal used in the construc-
tion of modern machines.
Manufacturers offer alloys of widely
different compositions and it is impos-
sible to rely upon fanciful labels and
brands. While apparently there should
be only one "genuine," there is no rea-
son to believe that Isaac Babbitt's for-
mula of fifty years ago, if taken as a
definitely exact composition, should ap-
ply to the completely altered bearing
conditions of to-day.
There is certainly a great question as
to the adaptability of any one formula to
the wide range of conditions which must
be provided for in these days, so that
there is justification for the intelligent
manufacturer in departing from any es-
tablished formula; such action is due to
an increased knowledge of the metals
and metallurgical processes and the ne-
cessity for economical construction.
As a matter of fact, nearly all bear-
ing metal requirements could be met
with Babbitt's composition of 10 parts
tin, 1 part antimony and 1 part copper.
The real merit of a bearing metal lies in
its giving satisfactory service at a
minimum first cost
The heating of bearings is the princi-
pal cause of annoyance, and in cases
where the metal punishment is so sev-
ere that heating cannot be avoided, a
metal of high melting point should be
selected. The efiSciency of the alloy,
therefore, depends upon the quality of
the wearing surface that can be pro-
duced and maintained under service. A
properly selected metal carefully ap-
plied, both as to design and workman-
ship, produces a bearing which, with
proper lubrication, has no metallic con-
tact while running. That is, the jour-
nal and its bearing are separated from
each other by a film of oil which is
maintained in operation. As soon a."?
the movement of the journal is stopped,
the film of oil is gradually squeezed out
and the metallic surfaces are brought
into contact. Therefore in selecting the
metals for a bearing they should be suf-
ficiently dissimilar so that when start-
ing the machine, there will be no dan-
ger of scoring the shaft until the oil
film shall have been restored.
Manufacturing Methods.
Manufacturing methods have a very
important bearing on the serviceability
of different alloys. The chemical analy-
sis of a Babbitt, giving the constituents
and their relative proportions is of
course of some value in determining the
quality of Babbitt under consideration;
but more important still are certain
fundamental, chemical and metallurgi-
cal laws according to which the constitu-
ents should be united, and if these laws
have not been observed, a very inferior
product will be the result. It is not the
purpose here to give a metallurgical
treatise but to suggest ideas that should
be observed in the handling and apply-
ing of lining metals.
In general, these metals should be
melted in an iron vessel and kept cover-
ed as much as possible in order to pre-
vent excessive oxidation. They should
be heated considerably above their melt-
ing point before using, but must not be
kept in a molten state at a high tempera-
ture longer than necessary. Overheat-
ing should be carefully avoided, and a
good rule for general practice, is to heat
the molten babbitt to a point where it
chars a pine stick, at which temperature
it casts perfectly.
Selection of Babbitt Mixture.
The analysis of service conditions is
the first important step in the selection
of the most economical Babbitt for any
requirement. The variable conditions
of applying a bearing, as well as the
care, method and nature of lubrication,
all have a distinct effect upon the final
results.
Where the service conditions are se-
vere, owing to great pressure, a metal
having considerable compressive strength
is necessary regardless of what the speed
may be, and this condition would re-
quire a relatively high percentage of tin.
Where there is high speed and the pres-
sure light and moderate, a metal having
a fairly high percentage of lead may be
used. In the same manner with inter-
mediate conditions between pressure and
speed, correspondingly intermediate
compositions can be selected.
The surroundings of a bearing should
also be taken into consideration if they
are at all unusual.
Care and Attention of Bearings.
The question of care and attention
that a bearing receives should also be
taken into consideration. A bearing
that is lubricated at long intervals or
with a poor grade of lubricant requires
a higher grade of metal than that which
would be required under more favorable
conditions.
There is nothing very difficult in mak-
ing Babbitt suitable to any kind of ser-
vice. It is only necessary that the work
be done by an experienced metallurgist.
Right here is where we see the impor-
tance and value of dealing with a maker
whose experience and reputation are
above question and who produces alloys
of high quality and sells them honestly
at fair prices.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
8HIPPINQ AND RECEIVING PLAT-
FORM.
By M. E. D.
A great deal of time is often lost by
the shipping and receiving platforms be-
ing at an inconvenient height. For in-
stance it there is no crane in a ware-
house and the platform is too low, a
great deal of time is consumed in push-
ing materials up an incline or hoistmg
them in some way by manual labor.
Where a factory is already established
a shipping platform can sometimes be
arranged at convenient height at a low
cost, but more often it will be found ex-
pensive. In erecting a new plant, how-
ever, this question should receive full
consideration and the platforms arrang-
ed at the most convenient height. Not
only does this question of convenient
height apply to shipping and receiving
by car but by team as well.
Another point is the location of the
platforms. Adverse weather conditions
often interfere with easy shipments and
it is rather inconvenient to unload a car
in the rain or in a snow storm. This is
often the case in the smaller plants.
The solution of this difficulty in small
plants is to extend the warehouse roof
over the shipping or receiving platform
and this can be done at a comparatively
small cost in established plants. In
larger plants, depressed tracks can be
laid into the warehouse, and therefore
under cover, the door of the warehouse
and cars being on a level. These ideas
are now incorporated in the design of a
number of Canadian plants and are
found to facilitate greatly the handling
of materials.
RESPONSIBILITY OF MANUFAC-
TURERS FOR TRAINING OF
SKILLED MECHANICS AND
SHOP FOREMEN*
By Arthur L. Williston.**
The need for an efficient way of ob-
taining more skilled mechanics and com-
petent shop-foremen is everywhere ap-
parent, said Mr. Williston. For a long
time, in America, we have taken pride
in the idea that we were a practical
people, but we have recently been
brought to realize that in several most
important particulars we have been sur-
prisingly shortsighted ; we have been
• Abitract of paper presented before the
Congress of Terbnology at the fiftieth anni-
versary of the gnintliiK of the charter of the
MassnrbnsettH Irmtltutp of Teobnology.
•• Principal of Wentworth Institute, Bos-
ton,
wasteful o' forests, have exhausted the
natuial fertility of the soil, and have
drawn upon the mineral resources of the
country with little heed for the future ;
and now we are beginning to understand
that we have been more wasteful of the
undeveloped power in human beings,
even than in the use of any ither nat-
ural resources.
Full-time day trade schools, eiiUipped
with all the necessary tools and appli-
ances for thoroughly practical work, and
manned by efficient teachers, ofier an
ideal opportunity for teaching a trade
and cultivating skill, intelligence, and
the spirit of devotion to work. The
boy's full time can be devoted to study-
ing principles and conditions and to
applying in practical ways all that he
has learned. He is not at any time
serving two masters, and his whole in-
terest and energy may be concentrated
in the most effective way, on these
things that most help toward his great-
est possible development. On the other
hand, the possibility of getting any
large proportion of the boys who are
to enter any given trade or calling to
make the necessary sacrifice of earning
power in order to attend a day school,
presents a very serious problem. No
boy of the type of those who enter me-
chanical trades for a livelihood can at-
tend a long course, no matter how great
he may consider the advantages ; and
only those who are more persevering
than the average, or who are especially
favored can attend a short course. The
day trade school, therefore, can best
reach those of exceptional ambition who
desire to become superior workmen,
foremen, etc.
Data Regarding Results of Trade School
Instruction.
Reliable statistics showing the exact
value of the training received in a given
time in each of the types of schools de-
scribed are very difficult to secure and
necessarily quite incomplete, but enough
facts are available to demonstrate be-
yond a reasonable doubt that efficient
trade school instruction will give an in-
crease in earning power, both to the in-
dividual and for the employer, that
could not possibly be obtained through
practical experience alone.
The type of boys who enter skilled
trades and mechanical occupations, by
the time they arrive at an age where
they can be taught trades effectively,
already have an earning power which
they and their families are loath to give
up. As a rule it would be possible for
them to do this for a year or for two
years if they were absolutely convinced
that the return in future advancement
would be sufficient, but the evidence nat-
urally has to be very plain and convinc-
ing. The essential thing, therefore, for
the more rapid growth of the movement
for the extension of industrial education
is more effective methods for bringing
before the boys who are about to enter
industry, sufficiently convincing testi-
mony of the value of making themselves
competent in their calling in order to
overcome their natural desire for an im-
mediate change.
There is but one group of persons in
the community who can effectively do
this. They are the employers. I am
convinced that they are responsible for
a great deal of the misinformation and
many of the wrong ideas that cause
boys at the present time to decide
questions of this kind unwisely. Their
methods of rejecting applicants or of
giving employment have a more far-
reaching influence than many realize. I
recall that, in one investigation that I
made, I found that 96 p.c. of all the
pupils enrolled in a very large evening
class in mechanical drawing were there
because a comparatively few employers
had adopted the plan advising all young
applicants for positions in their works
to make themselves competent before
they applied again, and suggesting an
evening course in mechanical drawing as
a means of doing so if they could not
already readily read blue prints. If all
employers were to carry out this policy
as effectively as the small group that I
have referred to, the difficulties would
be largely overcome.
JIB CRANES SAVE TIME.
The value of jib cranes as time savers
is being recognized in a large number of
Canadian shops. It is not always pos-
sible to have the main crane to lift
large castings or steel shapes on or ofl
a machine and in many cases the jib
crane has been installed.
The advantages are that it is always
ready for use and convenient, the opera-
tor can quickly remove a large casting
from his machine and replace it with
another, without loss of time. The addi-
tion of block and tackle further facili-
tates the quick handling of work and
increases the value of jib cranes in a
shop.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
143
CLEAN VS. DIRTY SHOPS.
A man's surroundings react upon his
ideals, mode of thought, and ways of
working. The worlcman who comes from
a slovenly home where meals are badly
cooked, the house in a litter and things
generally in a disordered state, will, in
the natural order of things, be a slack
and unsatisfactory workman. His moral
stamina will be low' and his ambition
listless. The best workmen, generally,
are those having cheerful homes, good
wives and happy children. They have
something to live for and work for — am-
bition to some day, perhaps, hold a pos-
ition of responsibility.
Granted that this is true, why should
a manufacturer require his workmen to
work in a dirty, ill-kept shop — where old
waste and oil slip under a man's feet as
he walks, and where the machines are
coated with grease that never has been
cleaned off since they were bought ?
Cleanliness costs, and so does almost
everything that is worth while ; but it
pays in the long run. It pays in the
efiect on the men, in tending to raise
the standard of workmanship, in elevat-
ing moral standards, in reducing fire
risk, and in saving machinery from
abuse. By all means cleanliness pays,
and the dirty shop is always a reproach
to the management. — Machinery.
FACTORY SANITATION AND EFFI-
CIENCY.*
By C. E. A. Winslow.'*
The great economic importance of
good air, or proper 'temperature and
humidity in factories, was presented
very forcefully by Professor C. E. A.
Winslow, of the College of New York.
Professor Winslow pointed out in the
beginning of his paper the fact that
humidity and temperature conditions in
factories though they profoundly affect
the efficiency of the workmen, liave re-
ceived very little attention from the
manufacturer himself, and this little
almost wholly under the compulsion of
State laws. For the moment, said
Professor Winslow, I am quite frankly
and coldly treating the operative ab a
factor in production whose efficiency
should be raised to the highest pilch,
for his own sake, for that of his cm-
pioyer, and for the welfare of the com-
munity at large.
The intimate relation between the con-
ditions which surround the living mach-
ine and its efficiency is matter of com-
mon experience with us all. Contrast
your feelings and your effectiveness on
• Abstract of paper presented before the
Congres.i of Technology at the fiftieth anni-
versary of the granting of the charter of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
•• Associate Professor of Biology, College
of New York, and Curator of Public Health,
American Museum of Natural History, New
York.
a close, hot muggy day in August and
on a cool brisk bright October morning.
Many a factory operative is kept at
the August level by an August atmos-
phere all through the winter months.
He works listlessly, he half accomplishes
his task, he breaks and wastes the pro-
perty and the material entrusted to his
care. If he works by the day the loss
to the employer is direct; if he works
by the piece the burden of interest on
extra machinery has just as truly to be
borne. At. the close of the day the op-
erative passes from an overcrowded,
overheated workroom into the chill
night air. His vitality lowered by the
atmosphere in which he has lived, he
falls a prey to minor illness, cold and
grip and the disturbing effect of ab-
sences is added to inefficiency. Back of
it all lurks tuberculosis, the great social
and industrial disease which lays its
heavy death tax upon the whole com-
munity after the industry has borne its
more direct penalty of subnormal vital-
ity and actual illness.
The remedy for all this is not simply
ventilation in the ordinary sense in
which we have come to understand the
term. Conditioning of the air so that
the human machine may work under the
most favorable conditions, — this is one
of the chief elements of industrial effi-
ciency as it is of individual health and
happiness.
•The chief factors in air conditioning
tor the living machine, the factors which
in most cases far outweigh all others
put together, are the temperature and
humidity of the air. Heat, and parti-
cularly heat combined with excessive
humidity, is the one condition in air
that has been proved beyond a doubt to
be universally a cause of discomfort, in-
efficiency and disease. Flugge and his
pupils in Germany and Haldane in Eng-
land have shown that when the temper-
ature rises to 80 deg. with moderate
humidity or much above 70 deg. with
high humidity depression, headache, diz-
ziness and other symptoms associated
with badly ventilated rooms begin to
manifest themselves. At 78 deg. with
saturated air Haldane found that the
temperature of the body itself began to
rise. The wonderful heat-regulating me-
chanism which enables us to adjust our-
selves to our environment had broken
down and an actual state of fever had
set in. Overheating and excess of mois-
ture is the very worst condition exist-
ing in the atmosphere and the very
commonest.
The importance of the chemical impur-
ities in the air has dwindled rapidly
with the investigations of recent years.
It was long believed that the carbon
dioxide was an index of some subtle
and mysterious "crowd poison" or
"morbific matter." All attempts to
prove the existence of such poisons have
incontinently failed. Careful laboratory
experiments have quite failed to demon-
strate any unfavorable effects from re-
breathfd air if the surrounding tempera-
ture is kept at a proper level. In ex-
haustive experiment by Benedict and
Milner (Bulletin 136, Office of Experi-
ment Station, U. S. Department of Ag-
riculture), 17 different subjects were kept
for periods varying from three hours to
thirteen days in a small chamber with a
capacity of 197.6 cubic feet in which the
air was changed only slowly while the
temperature was kept down from out-
side. The amount of carbon dioxide was
usually over 35 parts (or eight to nine
times the normal) and during the day
when the subject was active it was over
100 parts and at one time it reached
231 parts. Yet there was no percepti-
ble injurious effect.
The main point in air conditions is
then the maintenance of a low tempera-
ture and of a humidity not too exces-
sive. For maximum efficiency the tem-
perature should never pass 70 deg. F.,
and the humidity should never be above
70 per cent, of saturation. At the same
time a too low humidity should also be
avoided. We have little exact informa-
tion upon this point, but it is a matter
of common knowledge with many per-
sons that very dry air, especially at 70
deg. or over, is excessively stimulating
and produces nervousness and discom-
fort. It would probably be desirable to
keep the relative humidity between 60
and 70 p.c.
Another point which may be emphasiz-
ed in the light of current opinion is the
importance of "perflation" or the flush-
ing out of a room at intervals with
vigorous drafts of fresh cool air. Where
there are no air currents the hot, moist,
vitiated air from the body clings round
us like an "aerial blanket," as Profes-
sor Sedgwick calls it, and each of us is
surrounded by a zone of concentrated dis-
comfort. The delightful sensation of
walking or riding against the wind is
largely perhaps due to the dispersion of
this foul envelope and it is :m;iortaut
that a fresh blast of air should some-
times blow over the body in order to
produce a similar effect. The same pro-
cess will scatter the odors which have
been noted as unpleasant and to some
persons potentially injurious. The prin-
cipal value of the carbon dioxide test
to-day lies in the fact that under ordin-
ary conditions high carbon dioxide in-
dicates that there are no air currents
changing the atmosphere about the
bodies of the occupants.
There is plenty of evidence, though of
a scattered and ill digested sort, that
the elimination of such conditions as
these brings a direct return in increased
efficiency of production.
The Annual Convention of Foundrymen at Pittsburg
Plans Made for the Conventions of the Allied Foundry Associations and the Exhibit of
The Foundry and Machine Exhibition Co., the Companies Exhibiting and the Equip-
ment That Will be Shown. — It is Expected That the Attendance Will Surpass Any
Previous Exhibition.
PREPARATIONS are being com-
. pleted to make the Foundrymen' s
Convention better than any previous
one. For several months the Pittsburg
committees have been at work and a
large attendance is assured. The allied
UR. RICHARD MOLDENKE, Watchung, N.J.
Secretary A. F. A.
foundry associations including the Amer-
ican Foundrymen's Association, The
American Brass Founders' Association
and the Associated Foundry Foremen
will meet in convention, and at the same
time. May 23 to June 1, the great ex-
hibit of the Foundry and Machine Ex-
hibi'^ion Co. will be held and the latter
feature will be the most extensive in
the history of the Conventions. The
buildings of the Western Pennsylvania
Exhibition Society, at the junction of
the Allegheny, Monangahela and Ohio
rivers, have been secured and over 40,-
000 square feet have been contracted for
by manufacturers.
The Pittsburg committee in charge of
the work consists of Joseph T. Speer,
president of the A. FA., chairman ; F.
W. Zimmers, secretary ; J. S. Seamen,
chairman of finance committee ; H. E.
Field, chairman of convention- com-
niittee; W. A. Bole, chairman of the
plant visitation committee ; George P.
Bassett, Jr., chairman of the ladies en-
tertainment commiUep ; E. D. Froh-
W. M. C0E8E, Buffalo.
Secretary A. B. F. A.
.lU.sKi'H T. Sl'EJ'Ilt. Pittsburg,
President A. F. A.
man, chairman of the ball game com-
mittee ; Eliot A. Kebler, chairman of
the reception committee and W. B.
Uobinson, chairman of the press com-
mittee.
Registration.
Registration will commence on May
22 at the Exposition Buildings when
delegates or visitors are requested to
follow the following instructions :
The registration committees wish to
advise association members that the
registration at the Pittsburgh Conven-
tion will be conducted in much the same
manner as last year at Detroit.
To expedite the registration and
facilitate the work at the counter, they
make the following requests :
First— That each person registering
will do so according to the name in
which the membership stands, for in-
N. K. B. PATCH, Toronto, Out.
President A. B. F. A.
stance, if John Jones is representing
John Brown & Co., who are members
of the A. F. A. or A. B. F. A., he will
go to the alphabetical division "B,"'
where he will present his card saying
John Brown & Company are members
of either or both associations, and he
ROBERT B. THOMPSON, Buffalo.
President A. F. F.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
14^
will register as John Jones of John
Brown & Co.
The members of the Associated Foun-
dry Foremen will of course register in-
dividually, under the proper alphabeti-
cal division.
Second— It is also requested, when con-
venient that those registering will pre-
GEU. UAV.Niii;. .Niagara Falls, N.Y.
Presideut F. & M. Exhibition Co.
sent their business card, bearing their
own name and firm name, thus making
sure that the names will be recorded
correctly.
With these advance hints it is hoped
to make the registration an ideal one
for all concerned.
A.F.A. Officers.
President, Joseph T. Speer, Pitts-
burg Valve, Foundry & Construction
Co., Box 1016, Pittsburg, Pa.
Vice-Pres., (first district)— F. B.
Farnsworth, New Haven, Conn.
Vice-Pres. (second district — Walter
Wood, Philadelphia, Pa.
Vice-Pres. (third district)— W. A.
Bole, E. Pittsburg, Pa.
Vice Pres. (fourth district)— William
Gilbert, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Vice-Pres. (fifth district)— J. J. Wil-
son, Detroit, Mich.
Vice-Pres. (sixth district)— T. W.
Sheriff, Milwaukee, Wis.
Vice-Pres. (seventh district) — Alfred
E. Howell, Nashville, Tenn.
Vice-Pres.- (eighth district)— A. N. W.
Clare, Preston, Ont.
Sec. -Treas.— Richard Moldenke, Wat-
chung, N. J.
A.F.A. Committees.
Auditing— Wm. Yagle and H. E. Field.
Metallurgy— H. E. Diller.
Papers — H. E. Field, chairman, L. L.
Anthes, Ellsworth M. Taylor and A. O.
Backert.
Industrial Education— P. Kreuzpointer.
A.B.F.A. Officers.
President— N. K. B. Patch, Toronto.
Secretary-treasurer — W. M. Corse,
Buftalo.
IL\I;i;Y D. <;ATKS. New York.
Vice-1'ies. F. & M. Exhibition Co.
T. S. HAMMOND, Uarv.'.v, 111.
Vice-Pres. F. & M. Exh-bition Co.
Vice-Presidents— Thos. Evans, Phila-
delphia ; J. C. Sharpe, Chattanooga ;
W. L. Abate, New York ; W. H. Car-
penter, Bistol ; Richard Augenbraun,
Standford ; L. M. Olson, Mansfield ;
John Wollf, Chicago; J. N. Gamble,
Kewanee, 111.; and Richard R. Mitchell,
Montreal.
Convention Programme.
On Tuesday, May 23, a joint session
of the associations will be held when
papers will be read on "Production
Cost," "Economic Foundry Insurance"
and "Uniform Contracts." In the after-
noon separate sessions will be held and
in the evening the exposition will be
open for delegates.
On the evening of May 24 will be the
dinner of the Pittsburg and Associated
Foundry Foremen. On the afternoon of
May 25 will be the ball game between
the Pittsburg and Cincinnati clubs of
the National League.
WILFRED LEWIS. l'lii!;i(l<i|.iiiii
Vice-Pres. F. & M. Exhibit imi Co.
Besides the many special features of
the program there will be the added at-
traction of visiting Pittsburg foundries,
complete arrangements having been made
for the visitors to inspect them.
Papers to be Bead.
The following papers will be read be-
fore the A. F. A.:
"Economical Insurance for Foundry Prop-
erties," by S. G. Walker, Providence. R.I.
"B"oundry Construction," by Geo. K. Hoop-
er. New York City.
"Vanadium Iron and Steel Castings," by
G. L. NorrlB, Pittsburg.
V. E. lloVT, Cliicapo.
Secretary F. iSc .\1. Exhibition Co.
146
CANADIAN MACHINERY
"The Foundry at Close uange," by BenJ.
D. Fuller, Cleveland.
"The Permanent Mold,' oy Edgar A. Cus-
ter, Philadelphia.
"Titanium In Iron and Steel Castings," by
Chas. V. Slocum, Pittsburg.
"Production Costs." by Ellsworth M. Tay-
lor. New York CUy.
"The Manufacture and Annealing of Con-
Terter Steel Castings," by Bradley Stoughton,
New York City.
'The Electric Steel Fornace for Steel'Cast-
Ings," by Dr. P. Heroult. New York City.
"Titanium In Malleable," by C. H. Gale,
Pittsburg.
"The Practicability of tne Induction Fur-
nace for the Making of Steel Castings," by
C. H. Vom Baur, New York City.
"The Rotary Blower for Cupola Use,"~ly
R. H. Rice, Schenectady, y.x.
"Open-Hearth Steel Foundry Practice," by
R. A. Bull, Granite City, 111.
"Pattern Shop Apprentice," by Jabez Nail,
Cleveland.
"The Application of Lifting Magnets to
Foundry Work," by A. C. Kastwood, Cleve-
land.
"Electric Motor Drive for Foundries," bv
Brent Wiley, Pittsburg.
"The Small Open-Hearth Furnace for Steel
Castings," by Walter MacGreggor, Chicago.
' Microscopic Structure ot Iron and Steel "
by Prof. Wm. Campbell, New York City.
"Manganese and Silicon In the Foundry "
by A. E. Outerbrldge, Jr.. Philadelphia.
"Gas Cavities Shot and Chilled Iron In
Iron Castings," by Thos. D. West, Cleve-
land.
"Coremaklng and Core Machines," by Arch
M. Laudon, Elmira, N.T.
"Molding Machine Practice," by B H
Hnmford, New York City.
"Machine versus Hand Molding," by John
Alexander, Philadelphia.
•■Defective Castings and How to Handle
Them," by John M. Perkins, Detroit.
"Core Room Practice," by F. A. Coleman,
Cleveland.
"Cupola Xfeltlng Practice," by P. Munnoch,
New York City.
"Malleable Castings," by W. P. Putman,
Detroit.
"The Equipment of Air Furnace Using OH
as Fuel." by N. W. Best. New York City.
Instruction Paper on Phosphorus in Cast
Iron," by R. E. Field, Pittsburg.
"Mechanical Charging of Cupolas," by G
R. Brandon, Harvey, 111.
DKM*i*?'7. Equipment," by W. S. Giele,
Philadelphia.
"Recovery of Foundry Waste," by S. A
Capron, Westfleld, Mass.
"Cupola Practice," by R. H. Palmer, Sal-
em, O.
"The Foundry Foremen's Educational
Movement," by D. O. Wilson, Newark, N.J
The Briqnettlng of Metal Borings and
Turnings," by Dr. R. Moldenke, Watchung,
Presentation of data on the molding sand
tests of the American Foundrymen's Associa-
tion.
Memorandum on the standard test for cast
Iron.
The following is a partial list of
papers to be read, before the A.B.F.A.:
I'AJloys," by Dr. W. R. Whitney.
"Corrosion of Brass Foundry Products,"
by Wm Vaughan. of A. D. Little, Inc.
"The Pouring and Melting Points of some
High Grade Bronzes," by C. P. Knrr.
"Vanadinm and Its Non-Ferrons Alloys "
by V. C. Lassen.
"The Pyrometer and the Aluminum Foun-
dry." by H. W. Gillett.
"Non-Ferrous Foundry Economics— Refine-
ments," by E. A. Barnes.
"Determination of Nickel In Alloys," by S
W. Parr.
"Equilibrium Diagram," by H. W. Olllett.
A.S.M.E. Meeting.
A feature of interest is the meeting
of the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers during the second week of the
Exhibit. Engineers attending the A. S.
M. E. meetings, therefore, will have an
opportunity of inspecting the exhibits
and exhibitors will have an opportunity
of attending the A. S. M. E. meetings.
Exhibitors and Exhibits.
Some conception of the exhibit may be
obtained from the following list of ex-
hibitors and the equipment that each
company will show. This list is only
partial as replies were not received in
time for publication, from a large num-
ber of other manufacturers who will be
represented.
1!xhibitor8 and Their Exhibits.
The Adams Co., Dubuque, Iowa. — Various
sizes of Farwell squeezers, a few of the 72
styles of molding machines. Demonstrations
will be mode of the squeezers with a variety
of patterns.
J. B. Wise, Watertown, N.Y. — One each of
Nos. 150. 250, and 440 M.B.V. furnace.
Sand Mixing Machine Co., N.Y. — Auto Sand
Mixer, a self propelled machine for cutting
molding sand and for mixing core sands and
facing sands. Representatives : William A.
Heartt, Button H. Haley, John Bradley, B.
F. Doup and V. E. Mlnlch.
Herman Pneumatic Machine Co., Zelienople,
Pa. — Four Herman jarring molding machines:
One 24x30 inch. Herman jarr rum stripping
plate machine, wherein the mold is rammed
by the Jarring process and the pattern drawn
Ipy same machine for the use of side lifting
cylinders that engage the stripping plate and
strip the mold off the pattern ; two 30x45 in.
Herman jarring molding machines, equipped
with rollover and pattern drawing device,
made especially for the purpose of making
lavatories; and one 60x60 inch. Herman jar-
ring molding machine, to be used for jarring
purposes only, (commonly called bumper).
This machine will simply ram the mold and
be rolled over by the use of a crane and the
pattern drawn by hand lu the usual man-
ner. An overhead tramway and trolley will
be exhibited. Representatives: A. M. Frauen-
heim, M. L. Heyl, Charles Herman, Alfred
Herman, Andrew Rodgers and C. E. Pettee.
Arcade Mfg. Co., Freeport, III. — Arcade
molding machines In operation ; Norcross Jar-
ring machine, 3-cylinder type; Norcross jar-
ring machine, single cylinder type; Nor-
cross core Jolt machine; modern molding ma-
chine in three types; Arcade rotary sand
sifters; Arcade squeezer; perfect match plate
hinge; modern automatic power molding ma-
chine, with sand elevator and dropper. Rep-
resentatives: E. H. Morgan, Chas. Morgan,
L. L. Munn, F. N. Perkins, R. M. Burton,
W. C Norcross..
Goldschmidt Thermit Co., New Yorli. — Will
show full line of metals produced free from
carbon, including: Chromium 97-98 per cent.,
manganese 97-98 per cent., ferro titanium 20-
25 per cent. Tl.. ferro vanadinm 30-35 per
cent, v., manganese titanium 30-35 per cent.
Tl.. manganese copper .30-70 per cent., mangan-
ese tin 50-50 per cent., manganese zinc 20-80
per cent., ferro molybdenum 80 per cent,
molybdenum, ferro horen 20-25 per cent, bor-
on. In addition to the.se metals will be shown
heating Thermit cans for reviving dull Iron
in the ladle, making semi-steel, keeping ris-
ers of castings liquid and preventing piping
in steel Ingots; Titanium Thermit cans for
purifying molten Iron and increasing its
fluiditj! and enabling the production of
castings of higher quality and greater den-
sity. Demonstrations will be given showing
the value of the Thermit process for welding
and repairing castings and forgings. and a
number of specimen welds will be on exhi-
bition. A complete line of welding appliances
will also be shown with photogr:iphs of im-
portant repairs. Representatives : William
C. Cuntz, E. A. Beck, H. S. Mann and Wil-
liam R. Hulbert.
Tabor Mfg. Co., Philadelphia — Plain power
squeezers, power squeezing split pattern ma-
chines, hand roll-over machines, power roll-
over machines, shockless Jarring machine,
combined shockless jarring and roll-over ma-
chines, jarring, squeezing roll-over machines,
Taylor- Newhold saws. Tnylor-Newbold mil-
ling cutters and Taylor Universal tool
grinder. The molding machine portion will
be In operation. Representatives: Wilfred
Ix-wls. H. W. Brown. John T. Ramsden, C.
W. Coleman. J. H. Coleman. C. H. Ellis and
Glen B. Hastings, .Tohn Pfender Dudley,
Willcox, H. W. Impey ana D. J, Martin.
William Sellers * Co., Philadelphia — Cen-
trifugal belt driven sand mixing machine,
centrifugal motor driven sand mixing mach-
ine, motor driven drill grinding machine,
motor driven universal tool grinding and
shaping machine.
Ingersoll-Rand Co., New York — Air com-
pressors, pneumatic chipping hammers, sand
hammers for bench and floor work, riveting
hammers, piston and rotary drills, motor
hoists and stationary motors. Representa-
tives: W. H. Armstrong, W. A. Armstrong,
E. P. Mooney, W. B. Brendllnger, H. E. Met-
calfe and J. S. Kelly.
Gardner Machine Co., Beloit, Wis. — A dou-
ble-head patternmaker's disc grinder in opera-
tion, a No. 14 combination metal grinder, a
No. 2 special equipped disc grinder, a No. 6
machine with ring wheel chucks and cup
wheels and a No. 11 Band polishing machine.
National Core Oil Co., Buffalo — Various oils
manufactured and cores made from them. Re-
presentatives: C. H. Cotton, I'. L. Crandall,
C. M. Anderson, J. J. McCarty and B. J. Cum-
mins.
International Molding Machine Co., Chicago
— Small and large stripping plate machines,
turn-over draw machines, core-making ma-
chines and squeezers. Representatives: Ed-
ward A. Pridmore, W. W. Miller and J. W.
Dopp.
Lawlor Improved Jarring Molding Machine
Co., Pittsburg — There will be shown a 54x64
in. Lawlor improved jarring machine, bump-
er, and a portable combined jarring and
squeezing machine, with 13x38 in. table plate
for a 37-ln. radiator pattern.
Jonathan Bartley Crucible Co., Trenton, N,
J. — Different sizes of crucibles. Including spe-
cial crucibles, retorts, phosphorlzers, stop-
pers, etc. Representatives : Samuel H.
Dougherty, Lee T. Ward, Herbert D. Cole
and Lewis H. Lawton.
Morner & Smith, Dayton, Ohio — Aluminum
snap flasks. Representatives: Louis Morner
and Chas. D. Smith.
Detroit Core Machine Co., Detroit — Detroit
core machines, which are foot-power, Jar-
ramming, roll-over machines, adapted to small
and medium-sized irregular cores.
Hawley Down Draft Furnace Co., Chicago
— Will have on exhibit a miniature iron foun-
dry.
Chicago Pneumatic Tool Co., Chicago —
Pneumatic sand rammers and sifters, chip-
ping hammers, a pneumatic hoist and electric
grinder. Air will be furnished by a Frank-
lin compound belt-driven air compressor.
Brown Specialty Machinery Co., Chicago-
Standard hammer core machine and style
"C" hammer core machine, with eutting-off
and tapering machines. Representatives: —
Elmer A. Rich, Jr., and John Laycock.
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City —
Crucibles and graphite products. Represen-
tatives : Dudley A. Johnson, F. R. Brandon,
John A. Condit and FranK Krug.
Albany Sand & Supply Co., Albany, N.T. —
Booth will be arranged as rest room and
office.
S. Oberma.ver Co., Cincinnati, Ohlo^Rest
room with catalogues, in charge of E. D.
Frohman.
Gardner Printing Co., Cleveland.
Oliver Machinery Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.
— Will exhibit a complete line of pattern-mak-
ing and flask-making machinery in operation,
and will consist of No. 60 Universal saw bench.
No. 90 Universal saw bench. No. 16 band saw,
No. 17 band saw. No. 12A hand jointer. No.
14B hand Jointer, No. 144C hand jointer. No.
(IIA surface planer. No. 99B surface planer.
No. 24R wood lathe, No. 19F speed lathe, No.
128 patternmakers' bench. No. 481 Universal
tool grinder, No. 482 Universal tool grinder,
No. 53B speed lathe. No. 55B speed lathe, No.
56A speed lathe, No. 41A disc Sander, No. 30
vertical spindle and disc sander, No. 72A ver-
tical spindle borer. No. 0 wood trimmer, No.
7 wood trimmer, No. 3 wood trimmer. No.
9A wood trimmer. A special exhibit will be
made of No. 102 new style Oliver Universal
wood milling machine for making irregular
shapes. Representatives: Joseph W. Oliver,
A. N. Spencer, Geo. F. Relnhard, A. 8.
Kurkjian, Walter Mentzer, Arthur Blake and
R. A. Smith.
Canadian Foundryman, Toronto^Represent-
ed by H. V. Tyrrell and Peter Bain.
Berkshire Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio— Hand
squeezing and pattern drawing molding ma-
chine, plain squeezers and automatic molding
machines, also a full line of snap flasks, Iron
flasks, etc. Representatives: R. H. York, J.
N. Battenfelrt. C. F. Battenfeld, salesman and
demonstrators.
Metal Industry, New York.
Standard Linseed Co., Cincinnati, Ohio-
Standard foundry linseed oil for core-making
purposes.
Superior Sand Co., Cleveland, Ohio— Samples
of all grades of molding sand for the pro-
duction of heavy machinery, car wheels, ingot
molds, heavy malleable, medium and light
malleable and grey iron, brass and aluminum
castings, including No. 5 Rodgers molding
sand for production of grey Iron, malleable
or semi-steel. Representatives: W. H. Smith
and H. C. Krontz.
Henry E. Pridmore, Cliicago — Stripping
plate machines, rock-over drop machines and
their new electric motor-driven Jarring macb-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
147
ine. Representatives : R. E. Turnbull, D. P.
Eagan, A. V. Magnuson and Henry jx. Prld-
more.
Burrows Addini; Machine Co., Detroit
Cost machine will be shown which Is ar-
ranged to print and add simultaneously
workman's number, number of hours' work
and wage due. Eight or ten ditterent mach-
ines will be on exhibit and the booth will be
In charge of Ward (5anete and H. F. Happer.
Shepard Electric Crane « Hoist Co., Mon-
tour Falls, N.Y.— One traveling crane trol-
ley, one travelling crane cage complete with
controllers, one back -geared electric motor,
and one caged controlled electric monorail
hoist.
Hauck Mtg. Co., New York— Will exhibit a
complete line of oil burning appliances, par-
ticularly of portable type. Including cupola
lighters, ladle heaters, core oven and furnace
burners, mold driers, pre-SeatIng and braz-
ing outfits, all of which will be shown In
operation. Representatives: A. E Hauck
A. P. Link. A. H. Stein and H. E. Giersch. '
Sterllngr Wheelbarrow Co., West Allls, Wis
— Foundry flasks.
Buckeye Products Co., Cincinnati.— Exhibit
will coyer their complete line of supplies.
I bey will demonstrate their special products
such as Buckeye parting, brass flux, Linco
core compound. Buckeye binder and black-
ing. Representatives: Charles J. Goehrlnger,
U/dward Leisi and travelling representatives
A- Boch's Sons Co., Ellzabethtown Three
combination jar and squeezer molding mach-
ines; patented aluminum snap flasks, square
and tapered: patented steel flask bars:Buch'8
pattern cement; bottom boards; cast Iron
™.!l"^^'»r"''' ,!''°° ^"^''8 'or gravity machine
with bottom boards and bars; special pour-
ing; ladle: patterns, castings, etc. Represen-
tatives: R. S. Buch and Geo. E. Bates
T. J Peterson Co., Chicago— Cores made
from Peterson Company's oils In different
foundries. Five demonstrators will show the
use of oil in sand for making cores
J. W. Paxsom Co., Philadelphia— Will have a
full line of photographs, blue prints, cata-
logues, etc. A number of representatives
will he present.
ii,''/i ^' .McCormIck Ca., Flttsburg, Pa.— Two
McCormIck continuous sand mixers with
screens, one Perfection electro-magnetic sep-
arator and general foundry facings and sup-
plies Representatives : ,T. S. McCormIck, T.
B. Malone. S. R. Costley and R. H. Mills
hrL", "i^^ff'!"'''' , * *'"•• r'""""*— stationary
brass melting furnaces; r<o. 0 pumping, heat-
^^i/"/ rs'-'ating system; oil burners for
mold drying, cupola lighting and ladle dry-
E. Killing's Molding Machine Works,
JJ.fwil."''*' I""'"— Stripping plate machine,
rollover machine, mnltiple cylinder plain jar-
mSS,.'"''"''"^"'- J'""''l"g rollover (two sizes)
1?™=.^ "tP-1,.""""?*^^ squeezer. Representa-
Carborundum Co., Niagara Falls, N.T —
Carborundum and Aloxite grinding wheels.
Carborundum flro sand and rubbing bricks
Z^^u ""' ^^^ '"'°^'" ""<""■ actual^worklng
conditions. Representatives: Geo. R Rav-
onl' n K^- Sanderson. O. C. Dobso"' Anth-
Inl S"T"^Jor,.'^- ''"''''"'■ ^- °- «-^-t'
Standard Sand' Machine Co., Cleveland.—
2?fh ZL ' i''' ^"\^^^ Improved batch mixers
with side drop clean out doors and revolving
screen. No. 1 rolling and sand blending ma^
^il".T,'<,""'',if ^"^ *. P'-oP"''tionIng, screening,
mixing rolling and bonding plant for steel
foundries, weight over 11 tons
Penton Publishing Co., Cleveland.
,r,ini„f ^'1 ^*'- ^»- f'eveland. Ohio— A
J^m „,^^ „^''.*""P "' '■IPanIng mills, cinder
mill and dust arrester in running order, and
a^so sand blast machinery. Representatives:
W. W. Sly, W. C. Sly, G. .T. Fanner H T
Norrls and H. R. Morse.
Petroit Foundry Supply Co., Detroit, Mich.
-Booth will he fitted as a rest room. Repre-
sentatives: H. Bruce Howard and M. Z. Fox
Detroit noist « Machine Co., Detroit— Pneu-
nni^L ''h'""''^- "k"""' pneumatic motors and
pneum;itic wmches.
Hanna Rngineering Works. Chicago— Rath-
bone mill Iple molding machine. Hannn pneu-
?rvi^ shakers, revnlvlng pumping riddle, mold
dryer Hanna riddle oscillator, riveter, vibra-
tors, blow guns, etc.
„-in'''^.f,rj!"l B/o"-" * Co., Chicago— Exhibit
?»nL^t '',.''' ■■' 'llsPlay of Solvay coke ar-
ol^fj^l to show a portion of a bungalow or
Tt,te™^„ Representatives: B. T. Bacon, E. A.
X A.'Gaillgan''- ^"™"' «' ^- '^- ^'^"'^ -"
Miimford Molding Machine Co., Plalnfleld,
r^Wh .>'' ^ pattern power ramming machine
with vibrator, plain squeezer with match
p ate roll-over mechanism, lO-in. high trun-
nion squeezer with match plate and vibrator,
JO-ln. plain jolt ramming machine with new
style valve, ,3-ln. plain Jolt ramming machine
also with new style valve and sections of this
machine showing In full detail this new valve
arrangement.
The Cleveland Pnenmatlc Tool Co., Cleve-
land. O. — A Hue of sand rammers, riveting
and chipping hammers, air drills, all sizes,
emery grinders, Bowes air rose couplings,
etc. The various tools will be shown in opera-
tion. Representatives: H. S. Covey, sales
manager; Arthur Scott, superintendent, and
J. 1. Graves, salesman.
The Osborn Manufacturing Co., Cleveland,
p.— Plain jolt molding machines, no-lift core
jarring machines, roll-over rock-down mold-
ing machines, direct draw roll-over molding
machines, rock-over molding machines, flask
stripping machines, stripping plate machines,
drop plate .squeezing machines, mechanical
pattern drawing device. The latter apparatus
is for drawing patterns of large size from
molds placed on the fioor, and is a portable
machine adapted to use on various sizes of
flasks with patterns of from 6 to 16 Inches
depth.
The following companies will also exhibit:
American Vandlum Co., Pittsburg; Blrken-
steln & Sons, Chicago; Elmlra Foundry Co.,
Elmira, N.Y.; Harbison-Walker Refractories
Co., Pittsburg; Hill & Griffith, Cincinnati;
Interstate Sand Co., Zanesville; Lupton's Sons
Co., Philadelphia; Ohio Sand Co., Conneant;
Osborn Mfg. Co., Cleveland ; Robinson Auto
.Machine Co., Detroit; Rockwell Furnace Co.,
New York; Ross-Tacony Crucible Co., Phila-
delphia; Frederic B. Stevens, Detroit; U. S.
Graphite Co., Saginaw; Wadsworth Core Ma-
chine & Equipment Co., Cayahoga Falls;
Whiting Foundry Equipment Co., Harvey, and
Williams-Davis Co., New York.
•dissof) aavai
The Gait Brass Co., Gait, are enlarg-
ing their plant.
George White & Sons, London, re-
cently completed a new foundry at a
cost of $20,000.
R. McDougall, Gait, have let the con-
tract to Wm. Edmonds for a new mold-
ing shop.
The Anthes Foundry Co., Toronto,
have purchased a site in Winnipeg, and
will erect a foundry.
It is stated that the Atikokan Iron
Co., Port Arthur, intend erecting a
foundry for the manufacture of pipe.
Edward Gurney, president of the Gur-
ney Foundry Co., Toronto, is touring
Europe. He will be absent about six
months.
The Canadian Westinghouse Co., Ham-
ilton, are planning to double the capa-
city of their foundry. Additional cupolas
and core ovens will be installed.
S. Twist, until recently associated
with the Gurney Foundry Co., Toronto,
is now mechanical superintendent of the
foundry of the Dominion Stove and
Foundry Co., Penetang, Ont.
Reginald Redden, who has been em-
ployed for some time with the Lloyd
Foundry Co., Kentville, N.S., has taken
a position with the Scotia Foundry
Co., Halifax.
The Welland Machine and Foundries
Ltd., have been awarded the contract to
supply 150 tons of gray iron castings for
the construction of the Page-Hersey
Works.
The Ontario Gazette contains notice
of the increase in the capital stock o£
the National Iron Works, from $200,000
to $1,000,000, by the issue of eight
thousand shares of new stock of $100
each.
Somerville Ltd., and the (Jeneral Brass
Mfg. Co., Toronto, have merged their
interests under the title United Brass &
Lead Co., with a capital of $500,000. The
promoters are: Alex. F. Fuller, Chat-
ham; Fred Somerville, Toronto; Murray
James, Woodbridge; Lome M. Somer-
ville and Andrew J. Somerville, To-
ronto.
Edward A. Prldmore, W. W. Miller
and D. C. Snow, of Chicago, designers
and manufacturers of the "Interna-
tional" molding machines, and who
have been doing business temporarily
under the name of the Edward A. Prid-
more. Co., have adopted the Interna-
tional Molding Machine Co. as their
permanent name. J. W. Dopp, who is
well known among the foundry trade in
the Central States, having been western
sales manager for the Tabor Mfg. Co.,
about six years, has been appointed
general sales manager by the Interna-
tional Molding Machine Co. Previous
to his connectian with the Tabor Mfg.
Co., Mr. Dopp had charge of the mold-
ing machine departments of several of
the largest foundries in the country,
among them being the Cambridge, Mass.
plant of the International Steam Pump
Co.
On April 27tii the workshops of the
Canada Car and Foundry Company were
the scene of the most disastrous fire that
has visited Amherst for years. The or-
igin of the fire is a mystery. The flames
spread from the forge shop to the grey
iron foundry, to the machine shop, to the
blacksmith shop, to the brass foundry
and to the store rooms of the bolt and
forge departments. All these buildings
were soon a mass of flames, and nothing
remains of them but blackened walls and
twisted iron rods and wheels. The two
erecting shops, the axle and wheel shops,
rolling mills and malleable iron works
and original wood-working plant of the
old Rhodes-Curry Company were not
touched by the flames. In fact fullv
seven-eighths of the plant escaped dam-
age. The loss will be in the vicinity of
one hundred and fifty to two hundred
thousand dollars. Insurance will be di-
vided between practically all the com-
panies doing business in Nova Scotia.
As work in the diflerent shops is de-
pendent upon the output of the other
departments, it is probable that fully
eight hundred men will be temporarily
thrown out of employment.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Elstablishnient or Ejilargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.
Foondrr mad Machine Shop.
PALMERSTON, ONT.— The Mclntyre Auto-
mobile Co.. the Canadian branch of the well-
known Molutyre Co., of Indiana, propose es-
tablishing a plant here. They will probably
install ^.000 worth of machinery.
WELLAND, ONT.— An order for one thous-
and steel cars has been received by the Can-
ada Car & Foundry Co. The cars are to be
built by the C.P.R. The Canada Car &
Foundry Co. have plants at Welland and
Montreal, Part of the cars will be made at
Welbind and the remainder at the latter city.
CLINTON, ONT.— It has been reported that
a large American auto firm will take over
tbe Thresher Co.'s plant here and establish
a branch automobile industry.
GALT, ONT.— The Canada Potato Machin-
ery Co. have taken over the business of A.
M. Rush, of Preston, manufacturers of stable
supplies, and will move it to this clt.v.
SYDNEY, C.B.— At the annual meeting of
the Marine & General Engineering Co., held
recently, it was announced that a Norwegian
chain-making concern is anxious to locate
here. If the negotiations go through suc-
cessfully Sydney will have the only chain-
making Industry In Canada.
ST. CATHARINES, ONT.— The City of St.
Catharines has granted to Steel & Radiation,
Ltd., 30 acres of land. An extensive plant,
comprising six large bnildlngs, will be erect-
ed thereon. The buildings will be all brick,
surfaced with concrete. The first to be erect-
ed, work on which has been commenced, will
be the foundry, which will cover a ground
space 120 by 200 feet. Other structures will
include machine and pattern shops, and the
plant, when ready for occupancy, will cost
approximately $125,000. Mr. Herbert has let
the whole work to F. C. Hitch & Co., "Mon-
treal, and construction is being done under
day Tork supervision.
SARNIA, ONT.— The Peterson Foundry pro-
perty has been leased to the Acheson Graphic
Co. for a year.
GALT, ONT.— The Gait Brass Co. are add-
ing a storeroom to their plant and installing
additional machinery.
MARYFIELD, SASK.— Humphries & Ben-
nett have taken over the business of S. A.
Anderson & Co., boiler makers, machinists,
etc.
WBSTPORT, ONT.— A disastrous Are wiped
out the Electrical Plate Works, better known
as the Westport Foundry Co., here, recently.
The loss will not be covered by Insurance,
only a few tools being saved.
FORT FRANCES, ONT.— It Is current re-
port that the C. N. R. have prepared plans
whereby they will establish their car shops
at Fort Frances.
ST. CATHARINES, ONT.— The Yale-Towne
Co., of Stamford, Conn., will establish a big
lock manufacturing plant here, and give em-
ployment to 200 people.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The new shipbuilding
plant for J. K. VanDyke & Son, formerly of
Everett, Wash., is completed and In operation.
HAILELBDKY AND OTTAWA, ONT.— T.
A. Magee, machines, has assigned to W. A.
Cole.
GALT; ONT.— Reports from the Canadian
Motors, Ltd., opened a few months ago, are
very encouraging, especially since the Mon-
treal motor show, where they secured a large
number of orders. Their representative is
now out west in quest of business.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— The Schaake
Machine Works have been working overtime
of late In an endeavor to clean up the order
list. A large quantity of mill machinery has
been manufactured lately.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Call Automatic
Switch Co., of Denver, Colorado, which has
a capital of ten million dollars, have decided
to organize a Canadian company to manufac-
ture railroad switches, and more particularly
the Call automatic switch. They expect to
build a factory In Vancouver, having a capa-
city of 50 switches per day, and employ about
200 hands. The demand for railroad switches in
Canada at the present time far exceeds the
home supply, and there seems to be a great
opening for a business of this kind, especial-
ly in western Canada. In three years' time
the stock of this concern has risen from 10
cents to $10 per share.
HALIFAX, N.S.— The Canada Iron Corpora-
tion are extending their steel plant at Lon-
donderry, and hope to be running full blast
by midsummer.
TORONTO, ONT.— The crane foundry of J.
Hepburn was damaged by Are to the extent
of $6,000 some time ago. A large number of
valuable patterns were destroyed.
CARLETON PLACE, ONT.— The car wheel
works here have been taken over by an Am-
erican syndicate. They are said to have a
contract of 200 wheels per day for five years.
PETERBORO, ONT.— Fire caused $300 dam-
age to the Lundy Tool & Shovel Co. here
recently.
CALGARY, ALTA.— It is said that Sir Thos.
Sbaughnessy will come here next autumn
and look over the situation before any defin-
ite steps are taken to establish the C. P. R.
shops here.
Trenton
ONTARIO
Offers Electric
Power Now at
$1 5.00 per H.P.
24-hour service deliv-
ered at your terminals,
FREE SITES
are also Offered to Parties
Locating Good Industries.
On the main line Grand Trunk Railway, Canadian Northern Railway, Central
Ontario Railway, Canadian Pacific Lake Shore proposed Railway and Trent Canal
System. Water Shipment via Lake Ontario. Address
ARTHUR JONES,
Secretary Board of Trade, TRENTON, Ontario, Canada.
Tht adtmrtiser vxndd kke to know where you saw his advertisement — tell him.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
61
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
Wehave the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A.fB. JARDINE & CO.
HESPELER, ON'.
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Fcr Kcneral machinists' use.
Strong and durable and
designed for hard service.
Our eatalogae showi many
stylts and shts and is stnt
free. : : .■ ;
The Cushman Ctiuck Go.
Hariford, Conn,, U.S.A.
Established 1862
GALT, ONT.— The R. McDougall Co. are
ndding a new molding shop to their plant
here. It will be of brick and steel.
WINDSOR. ONT.— The Walkervllle plant of
the Dominion Motors Co., which recently went
Into voluntary liquidation, is again in opera-
tion, under new management. The assets of
the company have been acquired by Enoch
Smith. Detroit, who represents a group of
Detroit and Windsor capitalists.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Poison Iron Works
are building a huge floating dock here, to
consist of two sections or pontoons, with
high sides and open ends, each section being
150 feet at the side and 165 feet over the
outriggers. Each will have a lifting capacity
of 2,250 tons, and have two electrically-driven
centrifugal pumps, with a capacity of 5,000
g.illons per minute.
WEST TORaNTO, ONT.— The C. P. R. are
lulding II bridge-building shop to their prem-
ises here.
PORT MANN. B.C.— The American Car &
Foundry Co., of Pittsburg, Pa., will estab-
lish a huge plant here. It will be operated
under the title of the British Columbia Steel
Corporation. They will manufacture freight
cars at the start, but will eventually build
the latest models of Pullman and other passen-
ger coaches. The capacity will be one thous-
and tons daily. There will be two 300-ton
blast furnaces and five open-hearth furnaces,
together with all other incidental equipment
required to turn out the highest grade of
MONTREAL. QUE.- The Dominion Steel Co.
has a contract from the G. T. R. for 40,000
tons of steel rails. Fifteen thonsitnd tons of
this order will be delivered in November and
December. The cost will amount to consid-
erably over one million dollars.
HINTONBDRG, ONT.— The C. P. R. are
erecting a semi-circular slxteen-stall round-
house here.
FORT WILLIAM. ONT.— The Imperial Oil
Co. are making extensive improvements to
their plant here, including an addition to
the storage capacity of 1,500,000 gallons; a
new coal handling plant on the island to
cost .$3,000,000 and a new cleaning elevator.
LETHBRIDGE. ALTA. — The Canadian
General Supply Co., a wholesale distributing
company, have located nere. They will
handle a complete line of mine, mill, build-
ing and contracting supplies, and also deal
in lie following main specialties: Gasoline
locomotives, for mine hauling purposes,
manufactured by the Ironsides Dyckerhoff
Co., of London, England ; a complete line of
the goods put on the market by the Canadian
Buffalo Forge Co.; structural steel work of
all kinds; mosaic tile flooring, and many
other lines.
LONDON. ENGLAND. — The number of
Canadian companies which are extending
their businesses in the United Kingdom con-
tinues to increase. Owing to Lloyd George's
"Trade Mark Act" Canadian possessors of
patents must manufacture In the United
Kingdom to take advantage of the protection
afforded them. This is the reason which de-
cided the Dominion Register Co., of Toronto,
to build a plant here.
SWAN RIVER, MAN.— It has been an-
nounced that the C. N. R. will build a new
steel bridge over the river here, the esti-
mated cost being over $20,000.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— The Joint Street
Railway Co. favor the establishment of a
car works at the head of the lakes, and n
report will be made on the proposal. There
is some doubt whether the two cities should
engage in the manufacture of cars.
QUEBEC. QBE.— The Traction Cultivator
Co., of Gainesville, Ga., propose establishing
a plant here; as also does a Detroit auto-
mobile Arm, represented by W. H. C. Burnett.
of Detroit.
QUEBEC, QUE.- The St. Lawrence Car Co.
are seeking to obtain the balance of the capi-
tal necessary to establish their plant here.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— It is rumored that a syn-
dicate, lieaded by Sir Henry Pellatt, is nego-
tiating to secure control of the five inde-
pendent nail works in Canada to compete
witli the two combines already existing. The
independent plants are located at St. John,
Montreal. Toronto, in western Ontario, and
British Columbia, making the strategical posi-
tion of the proposed combine very strong. It
Is understood that the Maritime Nail Works
is considering an offer to purchase their busi-
ness at a high figure.
MONTREAL, QUE.— R. Bennett and M.
Waller, doing business as "The International
Supply Co.," assigned on demand of the W.
Bennett estate. Their liabilities are about
$3,100, divided amongst 55 creditors. The as-
sets consist of stock, fixtures and tools at
the factory, Lagauchetiere St., with unfinish-
ed contracts for prism lights, etc.
11
[1
Two-Jaw Box Chuckm
Specially designed for fast, continuous
and accurate turret lathe work.
Body and sliding jaws made from
steel castings. Strong, durable—
yet light in weight.
Face Plate Jaws
Have large screws with double thrust
bearings. Specialfacilitiesforattaching.
[1
Ends pointed at 45 degrs. so that four jaws will
fit close toifelher at centre. Sizes 4 to 14 in.
WUTE FOR 1911 CATALOGUE OF mriOVZO
UTBZ CHUaS.
S. E. HORTON MACHINE GO.
WINDSOB LOCKS, CONN., U.S.A.
(Not the E. Horton & Son Co.)
II
The
IMPERIAL
CHUCK
on 30 days' approval
We are so confident in the
all-round superiority of the Im-
perial Chuck that we are will-
ing to send one to any respon-
sible firm free of all charge.
It may be used for 30 days,
and if not satisfactory may be
shipped back at our expense.
But we know by experience
that no test is too severe for
the Imperial Chuck.
Hide Id Canida. Sind Itr Citaloi.
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
62
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, . ENGLAND
Canadian Headquarters, at 24 Adelaide St. W., Toronto
in charge of
MESSRS. PARKE &b LEITH, General Agents for Canada
A Large Stock of Aluminium in all the Commercial Form* will
be kept— Wholesale and Retail.
Jessop's Bist Tool Steel
i* yet unexcelled for cutting; tools
of all kinds, and for general
machine-shop use.
Jessop's "Ark" High-speed
Oinnl gives marvellous results
— heavy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JES80P & SONS, Ltd. Sheffield, Eng.
Reid Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods Chas. L. Bailey
St, John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
Save Oil
and at the same time secure better lubrication by adding to
your oil a small quantity of
Dixon's Flake Graphite
This is the one perfect solid lubricant. It is unaffected by the
heat— even the intense generated in gas engine cylinders does
not alter it.
Wrtt» urn for mmmpim 3230
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY
JERSEY CITY N.J.. U.S.A.
MKDK'INE HAT, ALTA.— The Gordon Nail
("o., lute of St. John, N'.B., are arranging to
e»tal)llsb un $80,000 pluut here.
SASKATOON, SASK.— The International
Harvester Co. and the Imperial Oil Co. are
both malilag material additions to their
plants here. The latter company will spend
in huildings this year $500,000.
UKSTOULE, ONT.— C. Roberts has opened
a machine repair shop here.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— The Alberta
Foundry & Machine Shop Co. propose erect-
ing a plant in this city to cost $10,000. This
company has been operating at Three Hivers,
Que.
GODERICH, ONT.— The Kioe-Knlgbt Co., of
Toronto, propose erecting a factory here to
prepare the brass fixtures used in their light-
ing systems.
HALIFAX, N.S.— The Nova Scotia Car
Works are making several additions to their
plant here. New machinery has been in-
stallcti in order to increase the output, and
a steel underframe department is being added.
The wheel foundry Is also being enlarged.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Western Steel
Corporation has purchased 2,000 acres of
land with 17,000 feet water-frontage on the
Eraser river, and will erect a large steel
plant in the course of the next three years,
at an expenditure of about $5,000,000. A
start will be made on the plant this year,
and it is expected to expend $1,500,000 on
the first section. It will manufacture articles
varying from horseshoe nails to structural
MONTREAL, QUE.- It has been announced
here that Vickers' Sons & Maxim have the
contract for the floating dry dock to be built
here. The plans provide for the construction
of a floating drydock with a lifting capacity
of 27,000 tons; the establishment of a ship-
repairing plant and a mill for the produc-
tion of steel railway ties, in respect of which
they receive from the Canadian Government
a subsidy of three per cent, interest on $3,-
000,000 for a period of thirty-five years. The
dock is to be completed and installed i)y
May, 1912, by which time the basin will be
ready for its reception.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— It is reported that con-
tracts for additional $2,000,000 construction
on the O. T. P. shops at Transcona are to
be let shortly.
NELSON, B.C.— The new zinc smelter of A.
G. French is practically completed. It will
have a capacity of five tons per day. Mr.
French will also Install a plant at a gold
mine near hercj
VANCOUVER, B.C.— A plant, which, it is
said, win cost .$200,000, is shortly to be erect-
ed at Port Mann by a syndicate of English-
men and Scotchmen for the purpose of manu-
facturing nuts, bolts, fishplates and other
railroad material. It is said that at the
start It will give employment to at least 100
men.
SAULT STE. MARIE, ONT.— «2,000.000 will
be spent improving the "Soo" pulp mill re-
cently purchased by the Lake Superior Paper
Company.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— C. Cnrran is es-
tablishing a new industry here, to be known
as the Lake City Boiler Compound Works,
to manufacture a new compound for clean-
ing the interior of boilers and tubes.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— The Western Dry
Dock Co. are entering into the manufacture
of steam boilers and tanks of all kinds, and
are preparing to erect a huge plant here.
Orders have also been placed for the equip-
ment, including the latest hydraulic machin-
ery. A boiler works will be one of a not-
able group of buildings that will be clustered
around the dry dock, including foundry, ma-
chine shops, puncli shed, holier works and
woodworking shop. The foundry and ma-
chine shops will be equipped to construct en-
gines and all classes of machinery required
on a ship, as well as all the other cast iron
work used in shipbuilding. The other shops
will he equipped to shape and punch the
plates, while the forging shop will take care
of all the wrought iron required.
SYDNEY, C.B.— There is a possibility that
the Nova .Scotia Steel & Coal Co., once they
have their collieries at South Bar working In
good shape, may remove their Iron and steel
plant to this side of the harbor. This move
would greatly facilitate the handling of its
iron ore.
SYDNEY, C.B.— A charter has been granted
a company with a capital of $10,000,000 for
a shipbuilding plant at Sydney Harbor. Sir
Henry Pellatt, Toronto; Gov. .1. M. Gibson,
C. Ellis, Clyde Bank, Scotland; A. Oracle,
Fairfield .Ship Co.; A. Cross, Sydney, are the
Incorporators. The company will carry on
business under the name of the British-Cana-
dian Shipbuilding & Dock Co. This move
presages a boom In the Maritime Provinces.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— ByJaws will be
voted upon early this month granting co
%
CANADIAN MACHINERY
63
cessions to n foundry and machine shop, and
a nail factory.
WINXIPKO, MAN.— The Wortman & Ward
Co., manufacturers of pump.s and farm tools,
have (leciried to extend their plant here as
soon as electric power Is distributed by the
city. The Vulcan Iron Works are also en-
larging their plant.
LONDON, ONT.— The McClary Mfg. Co. are
adding a $fi.000 warehouse to their plant here.
FOKT WILLIAM, ONT.— A large automo-
bile concern are contemplating the erection
of a plant here.
SASKATOON. SASK. — The Saskatoon
Foundry Co. are branching out In a new direc-
tion, namely, the manufacturing of up-to-date
well drills, the first of which has been tested
at their foundry. These are the first of their
kind to be manufactured in this province.
The machine drills a six-inch hole several
hundred feet deep, and the driving power is
supplied by a Fairbanks-Morse gasoline en-
gine, mounted on the front of the outfit.
I'OUT ARTHUR. ONT.— The Atlkokan Iron
Co. are contemplating the erection of a foun-
dry in connection with their blast furnace,
for the manufacture of pipe.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Sites have been pur-
chased by the Anthers Foundry Co., of To-
ronto, the Wortman & Ward Co., and the
Canadian Carbon Co.. for the erection of three
more large factories in Winnipeg. The An-
thers Foundry Co. lias purcliased a four-acre
site, where a large plant will be erected.
CARLETON I'LACE. ONT.— H. W. Dum-
mert and W. H. Thorns, ,Tr„ of the C. P. R.
shops, have received a patent on an Inven-
tion of their own, a new hub liner for locomo-
tive trucks. The C. P. R. have secured the
right to manufacture the device for their
own use.
SASKATOON, SASK.— The C. P. R. an-
nounce that they are increasing their ter-
minal facilities at .Sutherland, and that dur-
ing the current year they will spend .^.TO.OOO
for this purpose. This amount will be ex-
pende<l on the extension of their present
shops and the round-house. An innovation is
the erection of a traveling crane in the freight
yards for tiie convenience of handling heavy
commodities, such as steel and stone, which
are at present handled by crowbars and other
primitive methods.
LACHINE, QUE.- The Dominion Bridge Co.
will make a large extension to their already
Immense works during the coming summer.
MONTREAL— R. ,T. Levy, manufacturer of
oxygen welding process, has removed to new
and enlarged premises tn ViauvlUe, Mon-
treal. The firm erected a commodious fac-
tory, with all conveniences for the manufac-
ture of oxygen and for welding.
Municipal.
SOTITH VANCOUVER, B. C— The ratepay-
ers have authorized an expenditure of a mil-
lion and a half dollars for municipal under-
takings. Of this sum $300,000 is for the water-
works, and $200,000 for erecting new schools,
etc. Over a million dollars will be spent on
road and street improvements.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— It has been announced
here that the Government Elevator Commis-
sion will acquiesce to the demand of the
grain growers and put in a full complement
of modern machinery at all of the Govern-
ment elevators.
TORONTO. ONT.— The city has set apart
$5,000 to secure detailed plans and specifica-
tions for a tube system on Yonge Street from
the Union Station to St. Clair Avenue.
CALGARY. ALTA.— The estimated revenue
of the waterworks department for this year
is expected to be In the neighborhood of
$]6.S.O0O; and the expenditure, it is hoped, will
be kept well within this figure.
RIDGETOWN. ONT.— This town has prac-
tically decided to invest a sum not exceed-
ing .$.').5.000 in a wiiterworks system. The
public feeling is overwhelmingly in favor of
the project.
CAMROSE, ALTA.— The Dominion Sewer
Co., Swansea. Ont.. have secured a $5,000 or-
der from this municipality. Gartshore &
Thompson Pipe Foundry, Toronto, secured a
contract for cast iron pipes, their tender be-
ing $43.20 per ton, and $(!« per ton for specials.
The tender for valves and hvdrants. amount-
ing to .$2.028..')2, sent In by McAvlty & Sons.
St. .Tnhn. N.B.. was accepted.
NEW WESTMINSTER. B.C.— A gas manu-
facturer has a proposition to Install a plant
here to supply gas at less than current rates.
He proposes using mill refuse and selling gas
at .$1 per 1,000 feet.
MOOSE .TAW. SASK.— The ratepayers have
passed a by-law authorizing nn expenditure
of $175,000 for sewer and water extensions,
and SSO.OOO for an incinerator.
PRINCE RUPERT. B. C— City Engineer
Davis has submitted plans calling for an ex-
penditure of $480,110 on a water system.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— J. Cornwall, M.P.P.,
of Pence River, will pave a street in Edmon-
ton free of cost to demonstrate the paving
(lualitles of asphalt found in the north coun-
try. He hopes to show by the test that there
is a good field for the asphalt paving indus-
try in the north and to emphasize the neces-
sity of building a railroad up there.
BU.VNDON, MAN.— A proposition is on foot
here to establish a street car system having
twelve miles of track and twelve cars.
VANCOUVER, B. C— The receipts of the
waterworks office for the first quarter of the
year amounted to $121,821.60. This total is
to be compared with $86,769.51, the receipts
for the corresponding period last year, net-
Ing an advance of over 40 per cent. The re-
ceipts for the first quarter of preceding years
are as follows: 1909, $75,592.80: 1908, $05,330.16.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The city council has
finally decided upon the terms of the agree-
ment with the International Heating & Light-
ing Co.. of Cleveland, for the local gas fran-
chise. The by-law will be submitted to the
ratepayers. The franchise is for twenty-flve
years, the city retaining the right to pur-
chase. The initial price fixed for gas is $1.65.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— By-laws total-
ing over S."iOO,000 were endorsed by New West-
minster ratepayers. The by-laws that passed
are: Street improvements, $300,000; water ex-
t'usoins $3.5,000: light extensions $25,-
000; harbor improvements, $15,000: and
garliage system, ?,'),000: Lulu Island bridge,
.1130.000: fire hall, .«!12.000, and the pub-
lic school by-law, ifOii.OOO. The by-law to
raise .$75,000 for a high school was defeated.
The park Improvement by-law, $35,000; city
stables, $20,000. and the storehouse by-law,
$15,000. also failed to carry. It is the Inten-
tion of the council, however, to erect a store-
house and stable and charge the amount to
current revenue.
VICTORIA. B.C.— The cost of the new sew- ■
age system for Esonimanlt will be in the
neighborhood of $12.').000, which sum will be
borrowed froiri the Provincial Government un-
der the provisions of the District Sewerage
Act, 1910, and amendments pasied at the re-
cent session of the Legislature.
MONTREAL— It is expected to have all the
tenders for the new $2,000,000 water system
in shortly and the contracts awarded by the
month of .Tune. The specifications are elabor-
ately worked out. They were prepared by
Herlng & Fuller, the New York consulting
engineers, who h.ave made a specialty of filtra-
tion systems all over the United States. The
double filter system has been recommended.
VICTORIA. B.C. — The city engineer has
recommended an expenditure of $290,000 for
sewer construction, and an additional $50,000
for drains.
Electrical.
UXBRIDGE. ONT.— F. B. Clark & Co. have
taken over the electric light mill here, and
the town will now have an all-night service.
BOWMANVILLE. ONT.— The citizens have
carried the by-law authorizing the sale of
the electric light plant and franchise to the
Seymour Power Co. The Seymour exemption
by-law was defeated.
OWEN SOUND. ONT.— The C. P. R. liners.
Alberta and Athabasca, will have new electric
lighting outfits to take the place of the obso-
lete plants now on these steainships. Two
turbine engines will supply the power on each
vessel, and will be so arranged as to admit
of their being operated coupled or singly.
New wiring and switch boards are being put
in by the company's electricians and new tur-
liines and dynamos. With the new equipment,
these vessels will be brought up to the stan-
dard of efficiency the company maintains.
OTTAWA. ONT.— The Government has in-
stalled a new electrical apparatus in the
Canadian mint, to separate the gold from the
dross. The introduction of the electrical pro-
cess of gold refinement places Canada's mint
in a par of up-to-dateness with any mint In
the world.
STETTLER, ALTA.— The rntenayers will be
called upon to vote $15,000 for the installation
of a municipal lighting plant.
NEW GLASGOW, N.S.— The Board of Trade
is considering the installation of an electric
light plant, with a capacltv of 150 h.p.
MONTREAL, QUE.— D, L. McGlbbon has
nnrchased the Cedor Rnnids. rci-n* Tt^toids
are 27 miles from Montreal, and. It is estim-
ated, will genernfc nbout 1.50.000 horse-power,
making it one of the largest power proposi-
tions in this part of the country.
WINNIPEG. M.\N.— Tbe <ity has decided to
strengthen the. big retaining wails of the
canal of the city power plant at Point du
Bois.
GALT. ONT.— The National Electric Co.
have moved their plant to Toronto, and will
turn out their line of manufactured goods In
larger quantities.
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
MJr...t SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patenta Parfactcd
QEAR CUTTINQ, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Rucblng tnd Pleillni Michlntry.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
3 Front St. W., Toronto
PAN Q a"d SUPPLIES
11 r\ I L.O N<w ind Second-hind
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc.
Old Mattrlal Bought and Sold '
Ernest Scott
145 Bleury St. •.' MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool
Maker.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Stampings and Light
Manufacturing
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Oo Your
Tumbling
in a Globe improve<l
Tilting Tumbler and
get finest roBuliB,
quickest and cheap-
est. It is made in six
sizes for all purposes
for wet or dry work.
"GLOBE"
Dies and Stampings.
Special Manufacturing
Contract Work.
If you want to get
an interesting little
magazine iree, ask
for " T TE SIL-
ENT PARTNER."
THE BLOBE MACHINE & STAMPIN6 CO.
S(l Hamilton >tr»et, OUveland, 0.
Canadian Agent :
H. W. PETRIK, Front St. W., Toronto, Canada
8TEELCRETE
EXPANDED METAL
REINFORCEMENT for CONCRETE FLOORS
and ROOFS.
The most reliable bond for all varieties
of concrete slab.
imilTI FOR HAND BOOK AND lAMFLE*
Competent Engineering staff in charge
of construction.
STEEL AND RADIATION
LIMITED
Head Otflce
Eraser Avenue, Toronto
&i
CANADIAN MACHINERY
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that SWIFT & COMPANY
has obtained for Canada Patent No. 117196 in
connection with comb bacon hanger, and the
American Can Company » of Montreal, is manu-
facturing this article and is prepared to
supply the same, to any person who may wish
to purchase the article, at a reasonable
price.
Any person, firm or corporation desiring to
purchase this article will kindly communicate
with zhe American Can Company, Montreal, P.Q,.
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
cmo b« lecurad for any cUu of ostiocs by mrranslne your mixtures by
anmlyii*. Yean of practical experience ia foundry work are at your
service when you consult ^vith
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN, METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS, CORES, OILS, Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.
Tjdro*ito
W^
^^lte^
Mommj^:^:y:fmmM
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
^^or• l.il<oly ^o b* Aocura-to.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL VOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
LONDON, ONT.— The water commissioners
have expended practically all of the $235,000
voted by the people for Niagara power con-
struction purposes in this city. Another
$50,000 will probably be required.
WATERLOO, ONT.— To the Town of Wa-
terloo belongs the distinction of being the
first municipality in the Niagara power union
to pump Us city water by Hydro-Electric
power. The new electrically-driven pump has
been successfully tested.
HAMILTON. ONT.— The Canadian Westing-
house Co. has secured a large contract from
the City of Sherbrooke, Que., for an addition
to the municipal power plant. The local con-
cern will construct all the generators, switch-
boards, exciters, etc., and the whole work will
cost about $40,000. Sherbrooke already has a
good-sized water power plant and the ma-
chinery ordered is for an additional power
house, which will develop 3,000 horse-power
more. The machinery Is to be installed in
about eight months.
STRATFORD, ONT.— The City of Stratford
has been given special permission to amalga-
mate its light and water commissions to
operate the two plants. The by-law to bor-
row $85,000 for the new Hydro-Electric plant
and to take over the electric plant of the
Stratford Gas Co. as an extension, has been
ratified.
MONTRKAL. QUE. — The city has acquired
ten acres at Point St. Charles for the purpose
<jf widening the old conduit running to La-
chine. This move affords the available water
power for the generation of electricity In a
new civic power plant to be erected.
WKYBURN, SASK.— The new municipal
power plant was put In operation recently.
This plant not only develops eleitricity f"r
power and lighting, but also operates the
waterworks pumps.
LETHBRIDGE, ALTA.— The city's electric
light and power plant was operated during
the year 1910 at a net profit of $30,864.52. The
total receipts of the plant for the year were
$86,221.30, and the expenditures, including de-
bentures. Interest and sinking fund appor-
tionments, $35,356. One of the reasons for
the splendid showing made is the operation
in conjunction with it of a municipally-owned
coal mine. The coal is charged to the elec-
tric plant at the rate of $150 per ton, and
even at this low rate the mine netted the
ratepayers a nice little profit for the year
1910.
BLYTH, ONT.— The Village of Blyth has
purchased the electric light plant from the
Molsons Bank, and will run it In the inter-
ests of the corporation. The price paid was
$2,500. .T. Nlvens continues as engineer.
STRATFORD, ONT.— Stratford is now an
all-Niagara power city. The old steam plant
that has been used to supply a direct cur-
rent district up-town is shut down and will
be used only in cases of emergency. Hydro-
Electric power now runs everything — and sat-
isfactorily.
MONTREAL. QUE. — The council recently re-
vived the question of the city purchasing the
plant of the Montreal Water & Power Co.
This purchase was a live issue In the council
last fall, when the controllers reported very
strongly against paying $7,000,000 for the
plant. This step was taken on the strength
of Mr. .Tanin's report, in which he estimated
the value of the plant as $2,000,000.
FREDERICTON. N.B.— A proposition Is on
foot here to amalgamate the pumping sta-
tion and city electric lighting station by the
removal of the electric lighting plant, at a
cost of $17,000. This would also necessitate
the erection of a new building and the en-
largement of the boiler-room.
PORTAGE LA PRAiniB, MAN.— The city
council has been negotiating with the Winni-
peg council, with a view to getting power
from the Winnipeg municipal plant at Point
du Bois.
MOOSE .TAW, SASK.— The new power house
and car sheds for the Moose .Taw Electric
Railway Co. will be one of the largest power
house buildings in the west, covering a space
of 250 by 63 feet. The contract has been
given to Navin Bros., of Moose Jaw.
GALT, ONT.— The city has spent $66,000 on
Niagara power and will require an additional
.^■J.'i.OOO to complete the system.
VICTORIA. B.C. — The city council has de-
cided to make the following purchases of
apparatus and plant to carry out extensive
additions to the street lighting system:
Thirty-five thousand feet of S-lnch fibre con-
duit, at $7.50 per 100 feet; 50.000 feet of 1-inch
galvanized steel conduit, at $8.40 per 100 feet.
Tenders are being called for a supply of 150
cedar poles; 8,000 pounds of copper line wire;
1.000 pounds of flexible arc cable: 1,000 glass
insulators; 150 magnetic arc lamps and cut-
outs: 450 light transformers, and 1-20 circuit
arc switch-board.
BRANDON, MAN.— An order has been placed
by the Brandon Electric Light Co. for an
CANADIAN MACHINERY
65
engine, which will add 2,250 horse-power to
the present capacity and bring the total up
to 5,000. This will make the plant the larg-
est for any city of the same size In Canada.
The engine Is a cross-compound Corliss and
Its weight 155 tons. It will require 18 cars
to transfer it from Gait here.
STE. PAUL, QUE.— The Canadian Light .'i
Power station will be fitted out In the course
of a few weeks. A set of Babeock and Will-
cocks patent boilers have been put In place,
and the steam turbine generator set.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— A. L. Farquhar-
son, manager of utilities in ITort William, has
Informed the Port Arthur council that In or-
der to supply power for the street railway
It would be necessary for Port Arthur to pur-
chase a new motor generator, at a cost of
?24,000.
HAMILTON, ONT.— The council appointed
E. J. Sifton, London, as expert to draw up
plans and specifications for a municipal light
and power plant.
WEYBURN, SASK. — Weyburn's new electric
light plant has been put In commission and
Is thoroughly up-to-date. The engine and
dynamo at the old plant were taken down and
removed to the new power house, where they
will serve as an auxiliary.
HARROW. ONT.— J. A. Secord has dis-
posed of the Harrow electric lighting plant
to Detroit capitalists, who already own the
plants In Leamington, Klngsville and Essex.
A large power bouse Is to be erected In Sand-
wich, with which the lighting systems of all
these towns will be connected. They will
furnish both light and power, giving both
night and day service. The new firm have as-
sumed control.
General Manufacturers.
LONDON, ONT.— Hourd & Co., furniture
manufacturers, are making extensive additions
to their factory here. They have recently
given large orders for new machinery, and
are making other Improvements to their pres-
ent plant. They are about to install an elec-
tric power plant, in addition to their steam
power plant, which will be retained.
GALT, ONT.— The Crown Furniture Co.
have pulled down their old power bouse and
are erecting a large four-storey brick build-
ing, to cost approximately $12,000.
SACKVILLE, N.B.— The Sackvllle Concrete
Limited Is the proposed name of a new com-
pany, which will undertake the manufacture
of concrete blocks for building purposes, and
other concrete work. The provisional direc-
tors are: Dr. Secord, C. C. Avard, S. W.
Copp, H. M. Wood and Dr. Hart.
SYDNEY, N.S.— Alex. Cross & Sons, of
Glasgow, have closed a contract with the Do-
minion Iron & Steel Co. for a supply of Bes-
semer slag, and are building a plant here to
manufacture fertilizer therefrom. The home
office has appropriated .$250,000 for the Syd-
ney end of the business. The plant will cost
about $100,000, and already tenders have been
called for.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— A $60,000 plant for
handling petroleum products, together with all
necessary offices and stables, will be erected
by the Imperial Oil Co. this spring.
TORONTO. ONT.— The Sunbeam Incandes-
cent Light Co. propose extending their plant
on Dufferln Street.
SARNIA, ONT.— It has been reported that
the American Brewing Co. Intend locating a
branch in Canada, and negotiations are under
way to bring the plant here.
SARNIA, ONT.— The Sarnla Fence Co. have
prepared plans for an extension to their fac-
tory.
OTTAWA. ONT.— The McFarlane, Douglas
Co. are building a new factory for the manu-
facture of fireproof doors and windows.
ST. JOHN, N.B.— Experts from the Llnde
British Refrigeration Co., of Montreal, have
inspected the cold storage plant recently taken
over by the C.P.R. from the N. B. Cold Stor-
age Co., and have recommended extensive al-
terations and repairs. Involving considerable
expense.
GODERICH. ONT.— Fire caused $50,000 loss
to the plant of the Kensington Furniture Co
recently.
St. .TOHN. N.K.— The Albert Manufacturing
Co. will erect a $100,000 plaster mill in Hills-
boro, to replace the one recently destroyed
by fire.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Winnipeg will see nine
new factories erected on Logan, Higgins and
Henry Avenues, at a cost of $500,000. A site
has been purchased by a well-known manu-
facturing firm, where a factory will be erect-
ed, at a cost of $50,000. A few blocks from this
the warehouse and factory of the Ontario
Wind Engine & Pump Co. has been completed,
at a cost of $.50,000. One block east the Bur-
rage Copper Co. will have warehouses and
offices erected before the beginning of June.
This building will cost a similar sum to the
other two mentioned above. Additions will
be made this summer by the Imperial Oil Co.
to their plant. The Canadian Baggage Co.
also Intends spending $15^000 on improve-
ments. The wooden building used at present
by the Copp Sons & Co. will be replaced by
a brick structure. Five lots have been pur-
chased by the Provincial Government on
Bushnell Street, where a $25,000 warehouse is
to be erected. It Is understood that the Czer-
winski Box Co. will add two more storeys to
its present building, at a cost of not less than
$75,000. The Gordon, Ironsides & Fares will
spend $K).000 on enlarging Its plant. It has
been learned that the Coast Lumber Co. will
maintain a yard In this district, which will
have 8,000,000 feet of lumber on hand, and
sheds for tlie teams.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— F. H. Keefer, K.C.,
who has returned from England, states that
British capitalists will probably establish a
huge meat packing Industry at Port Arthur,
in which they would invest $7,500,000. The
new company would expect to get large con-
tracts for supplying meats to the British army
and navy.
SOUTH VANCOUVER, B.C.— A party of
English capitalists are establishing a large
enamel works here. They will turn out all
kinds of enamelled ware from signs to kitchen
utensils.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Brown & Vallanee,
architects, have prepared plans for a four-
storey warehouse here for the Canadian Fair-
banks Co.
TORONTO, ONT.— A factory for the manu-
facture of laces in this country is being con-
templated by a large Irish firm. W. W.
Figgis, Dublin, Is representing them.
SYDNEY, C.B.— The Dominion Tar & Chem-
ical Co. has about completed an addition to
its plant, which will enable it to do creo-
soting work. Creosotlng greatly increases the
life of timber In such forms as telegraph
poles, railway ties, and piling.
BROCKVILLE, ONT.— The National Mfg.
Co. purpose making extensive enlargements to
their plants here. In an effort to concentrate
their entire plant In this city, they will spend
some $20,000 on new buildings.
PATENT NOTICE.
TAKE NOTICE that the undersigned are pre-
pared to supply, at a reasonable price,
stone breakers described in Canadian Pat-
ent No. 118.289. or to grant anyone desiring to us -
the same a license to have the same manufacture '
for him at a manufacturing establishipent in the
Dominion of Canada. Thev are also prepared to
receive offers for the purchase of the patent or for
licenses to manufacture and sell under the
same — Ridout & Mavbee, Manning Chambers.
Queen Street West. Toronto, attorneys for Emil
Barthelmess. (5)
OPAL GLASS TILING
FOR WALLS OP
MACHINERY AND POWER HOUSES
Holt approved material.
TORONTO PLATE CLASS IMPORTING CO'Y
rLATI AMD WIKI>OW eLAU
I3B to I4S Vlotorla St., • Toronto
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
—Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRINC CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
Bournet & Biancliard
(opposite the Post Office)
LACHINE - QUEBEC
Machinists and Tool Makers.
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Manufacturers o f Gasoline
Motors.
Write us for prices.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
1TWO<
-^ALL KINDS -^
Difficull' Core Work a Spacialty
Hi^h Grade • RigW Prices • Prompt" Delivery
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
asa CATMERINt STREET NORTH
HAMILTON . ONT
FOR
TALL KINDS Of MACHINE '
WORK. MADE IN
WOOD, BRASS
' WHITE METAL OR IRON
by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN W0RK5
87 JdrvisSt.Toronto.Canadak
66
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Boilers
Horizontal and Vertical.
Any size, any pressure.
For all Purposes.
Wm. Hamilton Co., Ltd.
PETERBORO, ONT.
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting'steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. Jolm. N.B. Vaocouvar. B.C.
In tht UniteiStatti^Simondt Mtg.Co.
SWIFT MOTOR GAR CO.
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contiacis Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUFACTURERS OP
THE '* SWIFT"
MARINE ENGINE
BRIDOEBtJRO. ONT.— The Flanders Manu-
facturing Co., of Buffalo, have secured a fac-
tory here and will manufacture a great variety
of showcases and patent devices, such as col-
lapsible bookcases, mailing cases, etc.
SASKATOON, SASK.— B. P. Ward, of Min-
neapolis, proposes establishing' a factory here
to manufacture the by-products of flax straw,
to be used lu connection with the newly-In-
vented Ware binder — the only arrangement
tliat has been successful In solving the prob-
lem of the utilization and the tying of flax
cord In the process of binding.
NEW LISKEARD, ONT.— Through the ef-
forts of Mr. McLelland, Toronto capitalists
will likely establish a large woodenware in-
dustry in this vicinity.
MONTREAL, QUE.— W. H. Bell, who pur-
chased the factory buildings of the Bell Tele-
phone Co., has had the premises refitted with
modern machinery and now has the largest
woodworking plant in Canada.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The establishment of a
number of plants from the Atlantic to the
Pacific is contemplated by the Associated
Portland Cement Co., of London, Eng. The
plans involve an expenditure of millions of
dollars In the Dominion.
PETROLBA, ONT.— The Shuttleworth Co.,
tile manufacturers, are contemplating an ad-
dition to their present plant.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— A by-law was
carried here granting a free site to the Al-
berta Linseed Oil & Paint Co., which will in-
vest $80,000 in plant and buildings.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The Canada Cement Co.
Intends establishing a plant here, with a ca-
pacity of 400,000 barrels per annum.
TORONTO— The Relnhardt Brewing Co. will
build a new brewery on the corner of Mark
Street and Don Esplanade. It will have
three times the capacity of the present build-
ing and win cost in the neighborhood of
$150,000.
RIDGEVILLE, ONT.— A large canning fac-
tory is being erected here for an incorporated
company represented By A. W. Crow, of Fen-
wick.
TORONTO— The Aluminum & Crown Stop-
per Co. are erecting a large addition to their
works here.
NEWCASTLE, N. B.— J. W. Miller and a
St. John promoter are organizing a joint
stock company to erect an extract works and
tannery here. This will entail an expenditure
of $125,000. Mr. Miller has attained a high
position as an Inventor and will Introduce in
the works a most successful Invention of his
own, which machine will tend to facilitate the
manufacturing.
OWEN SOUND, ONT.— On May 6th the citi-
zens will vote on three factory by-laws, viz.,
a knitting factory, a furniture factory, and a
baby carriage and steel wheel factory. Two
Toronto manufacturers are looking for a
brass and Iron bedstead factory site. They
will probably ask a $20,000 or $25,000 loan,
with the usual stipulations as to payment of
principal and Interest.
Bnlldlngr Notes.
TORONTO, ONT.— Knox College will erect
buildings this year to cost $500,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— The plans for the slx-
teen-storey office building of the C.P.R. have
been completed by Architects Darling & Pear-
son. The building will be of steel, and granite
will be used for the walls of the lower storeys.
It will be the tallest commercial building in
the British Empire.
CALOARY, ALTA.— Harrod's Stores. Lon-
don, Eng., will erect a building at Calgary,
at an expenditure of $1,500,000. Burke, Howard
& White. Toronto, are the architects.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The new C. N. R. ter-
minal will cost In the neighborhood of $5,000,-
000. The station, which has elevated tracks,
covered snbways to all pTaTforms and quarters
for Immigrants, will be opened In July.
TORONTO, ONT.— The R. S. Williams Co.
will erect a 10-storey building of reinforced
concrete and steel, to cost $75,000.
QUEBEC, QUE. — The new plans for the
Union Station, on the Champlain Market site,
call for a $l,.'iOO,000 strncture. which is some-
what larger than at first Intended.
TORONTO, ONT. — The Boston Lunch are
considering the erection of a sIx-storey build-
ing on 'Vonge Street, near Richmond.
TORONTO, ONT.— On the corner of Bloor
and .Avenue Road, W. S. DInnIck Is contem-
plating the erection of a modern apartment
house, to cost in the neighborhood of $B0O,-
000. exclusive of the site. It will be nine or
ten storeys high, of brick and steel skeleton,
and thoroughly fireproof.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Sailors' and Log-
gers' Institute are undertaking the erection of
a $100,000 building here.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The Edmonton Apart-
ment Houses, capitalized at $500,000, will un-
dertake the erection of several large apart-
ment houses here. The first undertaking will
be the erection of a big apartment block on
Fifth Street, overlooking the river valley.
This block will be five or six storeys high,
and will cost nearly $500,000. It will be the
most up-to-date apartment house in the west.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Exhibition Board
will spend $'200,000 on buildings this year.
MONTREAL— Ross & McFarlane have pre-
pared plans for a ten-storey hotel, the site
of which alone will cost $800,000. It is to bo
at the corner of St. Catherine and Peel Sts.
The bond Issue, It Is stated, has already been
placed, and while the American Interests will
be considerable, control will remain in Cana-
dian hands.
VICTORIA, B.C.— Plans calling for an ex-
penditure of $80,000 ou the new St. John's
church have been prepared by Architect K.
Wilson.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The Grand Trunk Pa-
cific will erect a $750,000 hotel here in the near
future.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The Hudson's Bay
Company are erecting a mammoth new store
on Portage Avenue, to cost, with the site,
$2,000,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— The T. M. C. A. are
about to erect a huge building on College
Street, at a cost of $375,000, exclusive of the
site.
TORONTO, ONT.— This year's building at
Toronto University calls for nine new build-
ings and a heating plant, to cost $2,830,000.
EDMONTON, ALTA. — The Great West
Saddlery Co. will erect a 6-storey warehouse
here, at a cost of $100,000.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Wallace Fisheries,
Ltd., have bought the cannery of C. A. Ter-
nan, at Uchucklesat, on the west coast of
Vancouver Island, and have prepared plans
for a large cold storage plant of 1,500 tons
capacity.
TORONTO, ONT.— G. Wright and E. M.
Carroll, proprietors of the Walker House,
have acquired the Caer Howell hotel pro-
perty, on University Avenue, and will erect
a fourteen-storey hotel, at a cost of $1,500,-
000.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— A. Davidson will erect
a five-storey apartment house here, at a cost
of nearly $100,000.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— P. Lyall & Sons pur-
pose erecting a 16-storey building here, at a
cost of $1,000,000.
PENTICTON, B. C. — McGaw & Winnett,
managers of the Queen's Hotel, Toronto, are
interested in a project to erect a large hotel
here, at a cost of $100,000.
Harvesting Companies' Merger.
It has been announced that plans for the
future expansion of Deere & Co., steel plow
manufacturers, involve a merger with twenty-
two Industrial concerns; the consolidation of
which is to have a single ninety-nlne-year
charter, with a capital of $50,000,000j The
consolidation will be known as Deere & Co.
Among those Included are: Deere & Co.,
Moline; Deere & Mansure Co., Mollne; Moline
Wagon Co., Moline; Marseilles Co., East Mo-
llne; Kemp & Burpee Co., Syracuse, N.Y. ;
Daln Mfg. Co., Ottumwa, Iowa, and Wel-
land. Out.; Fort Smith Wagon Co., Fort
Smith, Ark.; Deere & Webber Co., Minnea-
polis, Minn, and fourteen branch plants and
liouses, all having separate charters at pres-
ent. The Canadian end of this merger will
be located at Welland, Ont, where the Daln
Co. are manufacturing, and It is understood
that additional buildings .will be erected in
the near future on the land recently pur-
chased adjoining the present plant.
Be-Organlze Steel Firm.
Montreal. — The directors' board of the Do-
minion Steel Corporation will be reorganized
in view of the recent death of Senator For-
get. The Senator was first vice-president.
The death of A. P. Dimmock, of New York,
will leave another vacancy on the board,
which was composed of .T. H. Plummer, L. J.
Forget, R. Wilson, Sir William Van Home,
Wm. McMaster, Sir Montagu Allan, Hon. G.
A. Cox, G. Caverhill, H. F. Dimmock, Sena-
tor MacKay, Fred NIcholls, Ellas Rogers,
Senator McKeen and W. G. Ross.
Sir Wm. Van Home Is slated for the first
vice-presidency, and Sir Henry Pellatt, of To-
ronto, it Is rumored, will also have a place
on the board.
The Quebec Bridge.
Ottawa, Ont. — The contract for the super-
structure of the Quebec bridge has been sign-
ed, the amount Involved being $0,000,000. A
large guarantee has been posted for the
carrying out of the contract.
As previously announced, the Dominion
Bridge Co. and the Canadian Bridge Co. unite
to form a construction company to do the
CANADIAN MACHINERY
67
work, this cdinpmiy being kiiowu as the St.
Luwrcnce Bridge Co.
The contractors of the new structure at
Quebec agree to have the work completed by
the 31st of December, 1911. The first thing
to do Is to purchase the land and erect new
shops, the whole to cost $1,000,000, as no exist-
ing plant In the Dominion Is sufficient to
carry on such an extensive contract. The
shops will be In, or near, Montreal, and not
in the neighborhood of the bridge site, as has
been suggested. The contract for the steel
has already been given to the United States
Steel Co., of Pittsburg, as the material will
be too long for ocean steamers.
$600,000 Brass Uerger.
Somervllle Hros., brass manufacturers, with
a capital of $100,000 and a large reserve, and
the General Brass Manufacturing, capital $75,-
000, have been merged under the name of the
United Brass & Lead Co., of Toronto, with
a capital of .$500,000. The promoters of the
new company are: Alex. F. Fuller, of Chat-
ham; Fred Somervllle, Toronto; Murray
James, Woodbridge; Lome M. Somervllle, and
Andrew J. Somervllle, of Toronto.
This new consolidation Is outside anything
in hte shape of a merger that Is being at-
tempted from Montreal. Efforts to absorb
those two concerns were made a year ago.
but met with failure. Brass manufacturers
declare that there is nothing In the mooted
merger so far as Toronto houses are con-
cerned.
Saw and Planing: Mills.
SOUTH ROXTON, QUE.— WoUet'S saw
mill, which sustained a serious loss by Are
recently, is beiug rebuilt.
EBUn.NE, B.C.— The Eburne Saw Mills have
been greatly enlarged. The old 100 h.p. en-
gine has already been replaced by a 150 h p.
engine of the latest design, while a new en-
gine has been installed in the planing room.
In addition, an extra saw Is being set up to
further increase the capacity.
RENATA, B.C.— P. Abrams has Installed an
up-to-date sawmill here, with a capacity of
15,000 feet per day.
BROCKVILLB, ONT.— The Briggs' mill
was badly scorched by fire recently, due to
defective wiring. The loss is fully Insured
NEW WESTMINSTER, B. C— Work has
been started on the new mill of the British-
Canadian Lumber Co., at Lulu Island. It is
strictly electrical, and includes a box factory.
Later on a sash-door factory will be added.
GALT, ONT.— P. W. Gardiner & Son have
disposed of the retail lumber end of their
business and will now devote their whole at-
tention to manufacturing their specialty —
doors, sashes and columns.
SARNIA, ONT. — The prospects of having a
new sash and door factory located here are
exceedingly bright, and a large amount of
money has been subscribed towards the en- '
t»rprise. A. H. Diver, of Trenton, has in-
vested $25,000.
REVELSTOKE, B.C.— Following a recent
heavy investment of British capital, approxi-
mating two million dollars, in timber and
s.'ivvmill plants in Revelstoke district, brought
about by A. McRae, T. Kilpatrick and G. S.
McCarter, of this city, plans are formulating
through a group of American and Canadian
capitalists for the exploitation of the water
power, pulp wood and timber resources of
the district on a large scale. The initial in-
vestment of the syndicate involves the erec-
tion of a sawmill at Big Eddy, on the Col-
umbia river. The mill will have a capacity
of two hundred thousand feet per day and
will be the largest plant of Its kind in the
interior of British Columbia. The power for
these establishments will be derived from the
rapids of the Columbia river, about three
miles north of the city, where a power plant
will be installed under the auspices of the
same group of capitalists.
MOOSE .TAW, SASK.— The Lumber Manu-
facturers' Yards. Ltd., opened up an up-to-
date establishment here recently.
FONT HILL, ONT. — Mr. Beaumont, of Pic-
ton, is erecting a planing mill here and will
open up a lumber yard.
MARMORA, ONT.— .T. Hayne and A. W.
DIckerson, manufacturers of staves, hoops
and he.'iding, have dissolved partnership.
SUDBURY. ONT.— Casey & Shaw are mak-
ing numerous improvements to their planing
mill here. They will use steam power, in-
stead of electricity, in the future.
STEAMBOAT, B.C.— C. A. Baldwin and his
associates will erect a sawmill here to pro-
vide the Ininlier for the buildings to be re-
quired In the new camp this summer.
PENTICTOX. B.C.— The Penticton Lumber
Co. have about completed their big sawmill
here. Operations will commence in a few
weeks. .V pipe and box factory will subse-
nuently be built.
"^ WlAmxUA.
Jfanmacturerj
MALLEABLE
• IRON •
CASTINGS
* TWO PLAIMTS °
.(?fi^ 8000 TONS,
Smith's fblls Ontario
£TFf>OST,f
Milling Cutters
National Cutters are guaran-
teed by first-class material,
skilled workmanship and years
of experience.
Made in shapes and sizes to
cover every requirement.
WRITE FOR CATALOG B.
TBE NATIONAL TOOL CO.
CLEVELAND, 0., U.S.A.
DART U:ilO/NS
NO LEAKS
can occur at pipe joints
where Dart Unions are
used.
The Bronze to Bronze
Ball joint is impervious to
rust or corrosion.
TRY THEM
Dart Union Co., Limited
EASILY MADE
and quickly, whether pipes
are in or out of line.
Stays perfectly tight
against steam, air, gas,
oil and water, until delib-
erately loosened.
TRY THEM
Toronto
DIES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
iV. H, BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
68
CANADIAN MACHINERY
OWEN SOUND IRON WORKS, UHITEO
OWtM SOUND/ OflT.
Cament Mill Maohlnery, Boiler and StMl
Tank Work of all kinds, Crcy
Iron and Braa* Oattlnva
The Foss & Hill Machinery Co.
329 Si. James Slreei, Montreal, Que.
Agents for
Sckoucktr & B«Tt, Ciiciaitli, Laiku
1W 6. *. Griy Co , •••••. '.'••"»
IkClaciiaili Liike & Tool Co., 16-la. Lalkai
Tka Haclltr Machiie Teol Ca., ladial Drilla
TW I. T. Slacoab Ca.. Blcroaialara
Mackinary and Mill Suppliaa of all kinda
LAFFITTE
WELDING
PLATES
THE CHEMICAL WELDING
COMPOUND, MADE IN THE
FORM OF A PLATE, WELDS
AT A LOW HEAT. SAVES
33% IN TIME, FUEL AND
LABOR. NO BAD WELDS.
NO LOST HEATS
SAMPLES FREE
ON REQUEST
CARRIED IN STOCK BY ALL LEADING
CANADIAN DEALERS AND JOBBERS
The Phillips-Laffitte Co.
PennBldg., Philadelphia, Pa , U.S.A
EDMONTON, ALTA.— T. A. Burrows, lum-
ber operator, wilt Install three hlg mills this
summer. One will be located near here, an-
other near Jasper Park, and a third on the
MoLeod river.
NELSON. B.C.— The C. P. R., which is
spending $8,000,000 this year on its Pacific
division, will erect a large woodworking shop
here for the mechanical department.
PRINCE RUPERT, B.C.— The British-Cana-
dian Lumber Corporation, a $20,000,000 con-
cern, will establish a sawmill and pulp mill
here, and a large sawmill at New Westmin-
ster.
COBALT, ONT.— "The Cobalt Planing
Mills," capital $40,000, have been incorporated
to carry on the business of sawmill proprie-
tors, etc. J. Jonnisse and P. D. Connor, lum-
bermen ; T. R. .Tones and M. T. Culbert, mine
managers, and H. Joanisse, carpenter, all of
Cobalt.
BOSENDALE, MAN.— B. Stewart's sawmill
suffered a $40,000 loss by fire. The engine
alone was saved.
CAMROSE, ALTA.— Mr. Charette, of Beau-
mont, is setting up his sawmill here. This
makes the third one in this place.
DRYDEN, ONT.— Recent developments in-
dicate that the Dryden Timber & Power Co.
will materially increase the capacity of the
pulp mill and abandon the idea of doubling
the capacity of the sawmill.
PENTICTON, B.C.— The new mill of the
Pentictou Lumber Co. is nearly completed. A
large drying kiln will also be built, and pos-
sibly a pipe and box factory.
GUELPH, ONT.— A bad fire at the mill of
Geo. McAllister recently did damage to the
extent of $15,000.
CREE.MORE, ONT.— Geo. Mustard, Jr., has
bought the planing mill at Shelburne and al-
ready has possession.
NEW WESTMINSTER, B.C.— The plant of
the Pitt River Lumber Co., at Coquitlam, in-
cluding the sawmill and shingle mills, was
damaged by fire recently to the extent of
$250,000. Rebuilding will commence as soon
as the insurance claims are adjusted.
SASKATOON, SASK.— Cushing Bros., of
Edmonton, Calgary and Regina, have decided
to built a mill here to manufacture doors,
sashes, shop fittings, newels, etc. The boiler
house will be of concrete, 34x40. The power
will be produced by steam.
SCOTSTOWN, QUE.— The Guelph Patent
Cask Co. have started their new veneer mill.
It is a little over a year since this company
bought out the Great Northern Lumber Mills.
They have expended thousands on repairs
and reconstruction, and now have the most
up-to-date plant in Canada.
New Compantes.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The .T. Watterson &
Co., capitalized at $150,000, have been incor-
porated, to manufacture and deal in Iron,
steel, metals, etc. J. Watterson, merchant, of
Westmount; E. B. Bustced, King's counsel,
C. L. Buchanan and J. .Strachan, bookkeep-
ers, and H. A. Daniels, stenographer, all of
this city.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Moffat-Irving Elec-
tric Smelters, capital $40,000, have been incor-
porated to carry on a milling, smelting and
reduction company, and to manufacture iron
and steel, etc. J. W. Moffat, mining engi-
neer, W. H, Garvey and J. A. Rowland, bar-
risters, T. C. Irving and A. Dwyer, steno-
graphers, all of Toronto.
BRANTPORD, ONT.— The Acme Electric
Appliance Co., capital $300,000, have been in-
corporated to manufacture and deal in elec-
trical appliances, apparatus, machinery, etc.
O, Brereton, fruit dealer, and O. M. Mackle,
promoter, of Hamiltoui A. Sheard and L. J.
Hastings, of Brantford, and N. G. Patterson,
of Cambridge, Out.
WALKERVILLE, ONT.— The New Domin-
ion Motors, capital $100,000, have been incor-
porated to manufacture and deal in gasoline
engines, etc. A. D. Bowlby, merchant, Wind-
sor; W. Papst, farmer, W. C. Burt, farmer,
D. Z. Curtiss, manufacturer, and E. T. Gros-
venor, physician,, all of Detroit.
KBMPTVILLE, ONT.— The Johnston Foun-
dry Co., capital $40,000, have been incorpor-
ated to carry on a general foundry and ma-
chine shop business. W. S. Johnston, manu-
facturer, G. H. Ferguson, barrister, C. ^John-
ston and B. iVrguson, and M. Eligh, steno-
grapher, all of Kemptville.
All weidhts up„to 6.000 lbs.
We make a specialty of difficult cored work
LET US figure: on your requirements
Galt Foundry Co, Galt.Ont.
WE NEED NO MAGIC GARMENT to inform
THAT HARRIS HEAVY PRESSURE GIVES EVERY SATISFACTION.
YOU
" 'Tis time I should inlorm thee further.
Lend thy hand
And pluck my magic garment from me."
The Tempest.
We are Babbitt Metal Specialists
WRITE US YOUR REQUIREMENTS
H
ARRIS
Heavy
Pressure
IS THE BEST BABBITT FOR ALL
GENERAL MACHINERY
The Canada Metal Co., Ltd.
TORONTO
MODERN
Bolt, Nut and Forging Machinery
and National Wire Nail Machines
NATlON/kLMACHINERYrO
TIFFIN. oMio.usA. vj:^
BOLT THREADERS, "WEDGE GRIP," BOLT and
RIVET HEADERS, FORGING MACHINES, NUT MACHINES,
ROLL THREAD MACHINES, Etc., Etc.
Complot9 Catalaguo "f" upon request.
The National Machinery Co., Tiffin, 0., U.S.A.
Canadian Agents: H W. PETRIE. Toronto. Ont
WILLIAMS & WILSON. Montreal. Que.
Th* advertiser would like to know where you saw his advertisement — tell htm
74 4 ■
Interesting Data on Manufacturing Machine Tools
By Luther D. Burlingame * *
The Brown & Sharpe Co., Providence, R.I., Have Prepared Some Important Data of Interest
to Men in Charge of Machine Tools. In the Accompanying Article the Author has Given De-
tails of Feeds and Speeds Used in Milling, the Rate of Production, the Amount of Material
Removed and the Power Required.
'PHE extensive set of special tools re-
quired to make a modern machine
tool on a manufacturing basis and to
attain the degree of accuracy required
is indicated by the tool equipment for
making the spiral-head swivel for a
universal milling machine. The tools
required for making it are listed below :
(a) Boring fixture and tools in cup-
board.
(b) Counterbalance for grinding,
(e) Driver for turning.
(d) Counterbore for spindle roar-
washer seat.
(e) Jig for drilling front-bushing
screw holes.
(f) Reamer for index stop-pin hole.
(g) Taper reamer and test plug.
(h) Roughing and finishing' taper
reamer.
(i) Arbor for turning.
0) Jig for drilling worm-shaft bush-
ing stop screw hole.
(k) Jig for drilling oil and screw
holes.
•Presented at joint meeting of American So-
ciety of Meclianical Engineers and Institution of
Meclianical Engineers.
*• Chief draftsman, Brown & Sharpe Manufao-
turing Company.
(1) Jig for finishing drilling-spindle
stop pin hole,
(m) Milling cutter,
(n) Fixture for graduating,
(o) Fixture, testing graduations,
(p) Test plug.
(q) Bushing for testing rear bearing.
(r) Device for testing.
Boring Fixture.
Among these tools the fixture for bor-
ing has been selected as typical of the
extent of the equipment necessary for
the production of such parts. Figs. 1
and 2 show this fixture in the cup-
board made to store it when not in
use, and in front is a spiral-head swivel
for the manufacture of which the fix-
ture was designed. The boring bars
and cutting tools have their proper
place in the top section of the cup-
board, being so grouped that the tools
for use in each position are together.
The fixture itself is placed on a car-
riage in the lower part, this carriage
being mounted on wheels which are
guided on a track. When the front door
is opened a section of track attached to
it and matching the track in the cup-
board provides that the carriage can be
drawn out, to a position where it can
be readily lifted onto the boring mill.
A hook on the end of each rail prevents
the carriage from being run off onto the
floor.
This boring fixture is of special in-
terest in that it can be set to bore the
swivel in three positions without re-
moving it from the fixture. As set in
Fig. 1 it i^ in position to bore holes
A. After these are bored the swinging
plate B is undamped and the upper part
of the fixture turned end for end so
that other holes on the opposite side to
the holes A can be bored. The swing-
ing plate B is then turned at right
angles to its former position and the
upper part swung on trunnions provid-
ed so that lugs C can be clamped by
bolts D upon the seat E, as shown in
Fig. 2. This brings the fixture in posi-
tion to face at P, and bore the hole for
the spindle bearing, etc. The cover J,
hinged to allow placing the work in the
fixture, is clamped by a strap K which
can be loosened and turned halt way
around to disengage it from the cover
without removing the bolt. The lug
Fife. I — Borine Fixture for S|.iral Head Swi el.
Fiz. 2.— 3or;ng Fixture for Spiral Head Swivel.
150
CANADIAN MACHINERY
G is for the insertion of a bar to aid
the workman in swiveling the fixture so
that one man can operate it. The plug
H fitting in a taper hole for each posi-
tion insures the setting of the fixture
so that all holes will be in perfect
alignment. The slot M is for the in-
sertion of a taper wedge which, coming
against the f.icc of the swivel, locates
as in the time of milling. In Fig. 4 is
a data sheet for this operation, made
out on a printed form suoh as is used
by the Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co. for
such tests and the data given are for
regular production under manufacturing
conditions. It will be noticed that
while the large cutters are of high-speed
steel, the small cutters running at much
fixture is so made that the workman
can easily replace the work so as to
keep the machine going continuously.
The cut on each piece is about 8 inches
long, 4i inches wide at the widest part
and about 1-16 inch deep.
Fig. 6 shows the style of inserted-
tooth cutter used, this cutter, being of
a design which avoids undue projection
Milling done on.j;o..B.B^Beayj' Plain .Milline.Mach..iot.25.....
Operation MilHng.Iop..and.3ottam.ol..B0.No..Jl.Univ.-Mill.,.Mach.. Tablet
Ehotograph NegMlie.O. J045vJ)«t«. Joiui 3J907. .BrowaJt.Sbirpe Mij. Cc'^jljj"^ *■'
Cutter
Feed
Size of Cut 1 Material
R.P.M
Spetd
Dlin.
St,l.
Mkll.
Re*.
P«T.
MIn.
width
Dapth
Amount In U 1
Cubic loebM H 1
«5'
1-9.;'
aidfi
80'
Mix"
side
i-p'j?.
28
55'
2-7W'
side
^^\
.078"
2,0625
25.75'
.1875
fl.958
Bard Ctftt Iron
«»'
2-7^'
Plain
HUta
32'
3-«»»"
Plain
CatboD
47'
2-6=2^
Slott
.""*'.
■i"
"1 ^ i_
^ # ¥ if;
Fig. 3.— Milling Top and Bottom of Miller Tables
Fig. 4.— Data Card lor Milling Operation in
it in proper position before it is clamp-
ed in place. When not «n use the cup-
board is completely closed and locked.
Milling Top and Bottom of Milling Ma-
chine Tables.
Fig. 3 is an example of milling in
which the top of one table and the bot-
tom of another table of a universal
piillipg machine are milled at one tra-
verse of the machine, the milling being
done on a Brown & Sharpe, No. 5-B
heavy plain milling machine. At the
completion of the cut one table is re-
mo\^ and the other one, which has
been milled on the top only, is turned
over so that the bottom may be milled
while a rough casting is put (in its place
and the cut repeated. This illustrates
economy in bundling the work as well
ontinuoua Milling Operation.
lower surface speed are of ordinary
carbon ste<>l.
Example of Heavy Milling.
An example of heavy milling on a
machine of the same size and type as
used for the milling-machine tables is
to be had 'in tests made on a steel
block of 65,000 pounds tensile strength.
Eighteen cubic inches of metal were
removed per minute. The output of the
motor was 21.05 horsepower, making
0.85 cubic inch removed per net horse-
power. At no time during the test did
the machine show signs of distress or
appear to labor excessively, and the
notable absence of vibration was em-
phasized in the folloVving manner. A
coin was placed upon its edge at one
end of the table with its sides at right
angles to the axis of the table, and on
the opposite end a full glass of water
was placed. The machine was then
started and many cuts taken, without
overturning the coin or spilling any of
the water.
A feature of note in connection with
this test was the efficiency of the high-
speed steel cutters employed. One gang
removed 1,800 cubic inches of steel
without having to be removed from the
arbor for sharpening.
Continuous Milling Operation.
Fig. 5 gives an example of continuous
milling on a Brown & Sharpe No. 5
vertical-spindle milling machine. In
this case ten flat-iron bottoms -were
held in a special fixture on the circular
milling attachment. The table makes
one complete revolution in 4 minutes,
thus finishing the surface of ten flat
irons in 4 minutes, or 150 per hour. The
beyond the end of the spindle, allows
the cutter to be easily removed, and
also makes it possible to use the same
cutter on machines with different sizes
of spindles.
THE LANCASHIRE DYNAMO AND
MOTOR CO.
The Lancashire Dynamo & Motor Co.
have received the order for the com-
plete motor equipment of the Waya-
gamack Pulp and Paper Co.'s mill at
Three Rivers, P.Q., consisting of 44
motors of various sizes up to 400 h.p.,
together with the starting equipment
for same. The motors will be for the
most part of the squirrel cage induction
type. The starting apparatus in a
large number of cases will consist of
totally enclosed auto transformer start-
ers, with "in voltage and overload" re-
leases, while in others, "star delta"
totally enclosed starters will be pro-
vided. Eckstein, Heap & Co., Man-
chester, England, through their agents
Chapman & Walker, Toronto, will sup-
ply the switch gear and main switch-
board.
j^. — ■■■
Fig. 6.— B. & S. Inserted Tooth Milling Cuttw.
Sherardizing ; a Modern Rust-Proofing Process
By Fred H. Moody, B.A.Sc.
The Hot Dipping and Electro-Galvanizing Processes of Galvanizing are More or Less
Familiar to All; But the World Moves Apace, and Newer and Better Methods of Rust
Proofing are Being Invented, Important Among These Being Sherardizing, Which is a
System of Dry Galvanizing. By it, Machine Cut Threads, for Example, can be Protected,
Leaving the Surface as Perfect as Before Tratment. Such a Process is Worth Investigat-
ing, and With That Object in View, This Article Gives a Description of What it is. How
it is Done, its Theory, and Examples of its Varied Uses.
From the earliest times when iron and
steel came into extensive use, the
trouble of rusting, that is the oxidizing
of the surface, has always been one of
the principal troubles to contend with.
Engineers at all times have attempted
to produce non-rusting surfaces, and the
results of these attempts have been the
production of many more or less effec-
tive protective means. Like many an-
other great discovery sherardizing was
purely accidental, as shall be explained
later.
Of the many effective coatings employ-
ed to stop corrosion, zinc has proved to
be one of the best, being itself but
slightly amenable to ordinary climatic
conditions. Zinc coatings as generally
employed are in the form of the usual
galvanized surface, that is a thin film oe
envelope of the metal, covering the sur-
face to be protected in a more or less
perfect manner; the protectant, zinc,
however, merely forms a coating, or
separate jacket, in no sense an integral
part of the article itself. This does not
apply to the sherardized surface.
Previous to this method of zinc coat-
ing iron and steel to be discussed, there
were only two means of so doing, the
hot dipping and the electric process of
galvanizing.
In the hot process, the articles to be
galvanized are dipped into molten zinc
which melts at a temperature of 786
deg. F., but the temperature in the pot
must be kept nuch higher than this to
counteract the cooling effect of the new-
ly immersed articles. This necessitates
a temperature in many cases 100 de-
grees higher than the melting point.
This heats the articles to be coated, un-
duly, so that when immersed in cold
water, which is necessitated by the fact
that otherwise the surface zinc would
oxidize, the articles have a tendency to
warp, especially in work that is irregu-
lar in form. The deterioration resulting
in the iron after this process can be
traced directly to this cause; the metal
is made coarse and brittle.
The result of capillary attraction of
the molten metal, tends to fill up small
crevices, and, in the ca.se of bolts and
nuts, destroys the form of thread. Re-
cutting and retapping would remove
these defects, but, at the same time.
would not remove the zinc surface uni-
fornily, and leaving a surface partly un-
protected by zinc. Thus the object of
galvanizing would be undone as the sur-
face would be left unprotected in spots,
these spots gradually spreading, through
corrosion. Attempts have been made
by some to first dip the bolt stock, and
then roll the threads afterwards, but
this has the defect of breaking the pro-
tecting surface during the rolling pro-
cess.
The principal difficulty with electio-
galvanizing is the inability to coat irre-
gular surfaces uniformly, as tae amount
deposited at a point varies inversely as
OUST HOOD ,,
Fig. 1.— Slieraidizing Mai liiue Showing Dust
Hood.
the distance between the anode and
cathode. This objection does not oc-
cur in objects that can be arranged at
a uniform distance so that the coatiii;>:
may be evenly spread. The electro-
galvanizing differs from the hot process
in that no deterioration of the metal
occurs: but. from the non-uniformity of
coating and the expense of operating
such a plant, the process is not in very
general use. The resulting surface is
also soft and spongy.
As before mentioned, with both these
processes, the coating is purely super-
ficial, being glued on, so to speak, and
not forming an integral part with the
work to be protected. If for any reas-
on the surface is not carefully cleansed
from scale, grease, acid, etc., the pro-
tecting zinc will form a blister over the
foreign substance, in the hot dip case,
and will deposit nothing in the electric
process, so that this foreign substance
leaves an opening for attacking sub-
stances to corrode the article.
If two sheets of copper and zinc be
placed in intimate contact for several
weeks, it will be found, upon removal
that both surfaces will have a covering
film of brass, from the union of the cop-
per with the zinc plate in one case, and
the zinc with the copper plate in the
other. This goes to prove that heat is
not always an essential for the forma-
tion of an alloy, and this contention has
been proved by the investigation of dif-
ferent eminent scientists. The same in-
vestigators have proved tlTat alloying at
low temperature tends to prevent enteo-
tics, when particles of one metal are
merely suspended in the other. The
failure of babbit metals may in many
cases be attributed to this cause.
The discovery of the sherardizing pro-
cess is due to Sherard Cowper-Coles,
the noted British electro-metallurgist,
who, while engaged in a series of experi-
ments in connection with the annealing
of iron discovered that metals in a fine
state of division, i.e., in the form of a
fine powder, when raised to a certain
temperature which was several hundred
degrees below the actual melting tem-
perature of that metal, when in con-
tact with a solid metal, volatilize, and
gives off vapors, which condense on the
solid metal immersed in the powdered
metal. This has been applied to the
coating of iron and steel with zinc by
this process.
The zinc powder used is the ordinary
zinc dust of commerce, not zinc oxide;
and it is obtained in the process of dis-
tilling zinc from its ores. It is com-
monly called "blue powder," and is the
dust which sublimates in the flues of
the smelter, and amounts to from five to
ten per cent, of the yield of spelter. In
this powder are beads of pure zinc and
traces of cadmium, lead, and iron, but
a small amount of free oxide, besides
it is mostly composed of impalpable
particles of blue grey powder from
1-40,000 to 1-50,006 of an inch in dia-
meter.
The zinc dust particles are zinc in a
very unstable state, due to the sudden
152
CANADIAN MACHINERY
cooling to which each minute particle is
subjected.' The chilled surface of each
of these spherical particles is oxidized,
which bears an important part in the
theory of zinc dust action. Inside the
molecules of the metal are packed with-
out any regular order, and they are
constantly striring to rearrange them-
selves in more comfortable order, which
cannot be done without bursting the
chilled shell in which they are confined,
manner similar to the previous instance,
the articles cooling so slowly that
warping and breakages are reduced to a
minimum.
Experience has shown that the maxi-
mum temperature for sherardizing never
exceeds 750 deg. F., so that the inher-
ent qualities of the articles are never
injured; highly tempered and fragile
articles are handled at a much lower
temperature, the maximum tempera-
Fig. 2. — An English Sberardizing Furnace, Showing Drum Containing 2,800 lbs. Bolts, the
total weight being 6,600 lbs.
and the reaction of this catastrophe re-
sults in vaporization. Hence, at a tem-
perature far below that at which the
metal itself would be volatilized, the
zinc dust is converted into a vapor of
zinc with some oxide. The temperature
at which this zinc dust vaporizes is
around 400 deg. V., a temperature at
which metallic zinc is very brittle.
Articles to be sherardized are first
cleaned in any of the usual ways such as
pickling or sand-blasting, the extent of
the cleaning largely depending on the
work to be done. In contradistinction
to the hot or electric method, the sur-
face does not of necessity need to be
(reed from oil, as the latter has been
found to have no detrimental effect.
The articles are placed inside iron
boxes or drums along with sufficient zinc
dust to completely cover them. The
drums are then closed up with dust-
proof covers, and gradually heated up,
being meanwhile slowly revolved or os-
cillated, as a general rule, in order to
insure good contact between the dust
aad the articles. It is practically im-
possible to break articles through too
rapid heating, as the intervening dust
acts as a poor conductor of the heat,
taking considerable time to transmit.
After the necessary length of time in
the oven to do the sherardizing, the
drums are withdrawn, and allowed to
cool slowly before opening, the poor
conductivity of the dust acting in a
ture of the furnace never exceeding 750
deg. F., which is 36 degrees lower than
the melting point. Owing to the poor
conductivity af the metallic powder, the
maximum temperature in the drum
where the articles are, is much less,
and is said to never exceed 700 deg. F.
On opening the drum, the articles con-
tained are found to be completely cov-
ered with an even homogeneous coating
of metallic zinc. The threads of fine
cut bolts and nuts are found to be as
perfect as before the operation, the bolt
and nut fitting perfectly, and no part is
left unprotected. Steel gauze comes out
perfectly coated and without a single
hole having been stopped up, and any
scratch on the surface before treatment,
comes out clean and sharp to the vis-
ion. Still more wonderful, a close coil-
ed spring will come out uninjured, and
not only coated inside and outside of Ihe
coil, but also rust-proof between each
individual spiral as well, notwithstand-
ing the fact that the spirals had been
in close and hard contact with each
other during the process of sherardizing.
Scales graduated to the hundredth part
of an inch, come out perfectly clear and
distinct.
A microscopic examination of a cross-
section of a sherardized surface shows
the nature of the coating. It is found
to be literally rooted to the article und-
er treatment. At the top is pure zinc,
followed by zinc-iron alloy, succeeded by
an iron-zinc alloy, merging into the iron
of the article. All these merge into
each other in such a way as to make
a homogeneous substance, and not a
mere surface filament, merely fastened
on.
The whole question of protecting iron
or steel from rusting by means of a
coating of zinc, is an electrical one and
is based on exactly the same principles
as those found in an electric battery.
The iron and zinc form the negative and
positive elements of an electric couple,
while the atmosphere, always more or
less damp, acts as the exciting medium.
So long, therefore, as the iron is more
or less covered with zinc, it corrodes
but little as it is saved from corrosion
at the positive zinc elements' expense,
which is oxidized by the damp atmos-
phere. In addition to this principle,
though it may be considered as part of
it, is the fact that the oxidized zinc is
precipitated on the surface of the zinc
proper, in the form of more or less in-
soluble salts, which mechanically polar-
ize all further action until this deposit
is removed.
The alloy in itself affords a great pro-
tection, for experiments show, that the
covering may be eaten down through
the zinc to the alloy, and there indefin-
itely retarded by the resisting powers
of the alloy.
The sherardizing process proves in-
valuable in detecting flaws in work, for
from the fact that there is no capillary
attraction to fill up crevices, causing
cracks, invisible before treatment, to
become apparent, thus leading to the
discarding of the damaged piece.
At first sight it may appear strange
that the drum itself should not be
coated; this is due to its higher tem-
perature; it emphasizes the fact that
condensation occurs like that of atmos-
pheric moisture on a cold water pipe.
As before pointed out, the furnace tem-
perature, which is the temperature of
the shell, is at least 50 degrees higher
than in the interior.
A sherardized surface may be readily
buffed, giving a similar finish to nickel
plating, being bluish like silver, and of
a higher reflecting power, the difference
being quite apparent to the naked eye.
ZincTron-
Jrun- 2iric
Alloy'/ioo"
Iron.
Fig. 3. — Microphotopniph of Sherardized
Surface Magnified, 12 Diameters.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
153
The ready manner in which a sherar-
dized surface will take on a finish has
been employed in a new line recently,
that is, in damascening, as formerly
done consisted in chasing a design upon
the metallic foundation of the object to
be decorated, and then filling the incis-
ions with fine wire or strips of other
metal, by means of a special tool, the
whole being finally smoothed and polish-
ed. Literally, the pieces were dovetail-
ed in so as to secure permanent set.
Sherardizing opens a new method of do-
ing this, for by first taking the object
to be decorated be it copper, iron, etc.,
and covering it with a stopping-ofi com-
position, and engraving the design in
this composition, if the article be then
Fig. 4. - 1 oiiper ira.v, stopped-off ready to be
daiiiiisceiied by the Sherardizing Process.
sherardized, a covering of zinc is added
to the stopped off places, which on a
copper article forms a brass finish. This
forms a new method of inlaying brass
on copper. Vessels of all kinds can be
treated this way, the cut showing an
example.
The rights to grant authority to
sherardize in Canada, are held by Fac-
tory Products, Ltd., Toronto, who have
purchased outright the Canadian pat-
ents.
RAPID TURNING PREPARATORY
TO GRINDING.
By G. E. Brownell •
I N the production of cylindrical ma-
* chine parts by means of the lathe
and grinding machine, too little import-
ance is usually attached to the lathe
operations preparatory to grinding.
There seems to be an instinct to ac-
curacy, born of long experience in using
the engine lathe as a finishing tool, that
prompts the average lathe hand to use
fine feeds and make nice clean cuts and
a smooth surface on the work he is
truing, regardless of whether he is mak-
ing a finish cut on a piece of work to be
filed and polished, or rough turning pre-
paratory to grinding.
Rough turning preparatory to grinding
means using the fastest feeds and speeds
consistent with the power available in
the lathe in which the work is being
done. It cannot mean clean cuts and
smooth surfaces because no high speed
steel tool, working at its full cutting
capacity, will cut smooth after a few
minutes' use.
* Norton Grinding Co.. Worcester, Mass.
If we examine a high speed steel tool
that has been used for a half hour
roughing shafts, in a powerful lathe, we
find that the cutting edge is not sharp ;
but, on the contrary, presents a dull or
slightly rounded appearance, and has
small particles of the steel it has been
cutting adhering to it.
A high speed steel tool in this con-
dition has been known to stand up all
day roughing .50 carbon hard, open
hearth steel motor shafts, at a cutting
speed of 65 ft. per minute and i" feed
per revolution, removing from i" to i"
stock from the diameter in one cut.
The number of cuts required to re-
duce the diameter to grinding size will
depend somewhat on the lathe in use.
It may mean three cuts in some cases,
but if powerful lathes are used, it is
possible to rough turn to grinding size
in a single cut.
Cross feeds should be used except in
cases where very deep cuts are taken.
I recall an instance where a bar of steel
54" diameter was reduced to 3J" plus
3-64" for grinding in one cut, using
1-32" feed per revolution.
It was my good fortune a few years
ago to be in the employ of a large elec-
tric motor manufacturing company while
they were changing their methods of
manufacture from turnmg, filing and po-
lishing, to turning and grinding. It had
been their practice to rough turn the
motor shafts to within -}" or 3-16" of
finished diameter, low priced help being
used for this operation. The shafts
were then taken to the engine lathe where
two cuts were taken over them before
filing and polishing. After installing
grinding machines, this practice was not
changed except that the last, or sizing
cut, was taken in the grinding machine
instead of the engine lathe.
After a varied experience, parts of
which were pleasant and other parts not
(juite so pleasant, we realized that the
saving accomplished by grinding the
amount of stock usually left for the
final, or finishing cut, in the engine
lathe did not represent the total saving
in cost of production that was possible,
could we change our method of turning
before grinding. Some of us thought
that it was possible to rough turn the
shafts to grinding size in a single cut.
High speed steel tools were not in gen-
eral use at that time, hut a few were
in the shop and were considered as spe-
cial tools, and could only be taken from
the tool supply department by present-
ing a requisition from the foreman.
Some of these high speed steel tools
were secured and a number of shafts
were rough turned experimentally. Dif-
ferent methods were used to prepare
them for grinding : Some were turned
with a coarse feed ; two, and in some
cases three, cuts were necessary to re-
duce them to grinding size, i.e., 1-32"
to 3-64" over finished size ; others were
turned with a fine feed, "and at a faster
cutting speed, reducing them to within
1-64" to .020" of finished diameter,
with one cut.
Careful note was made of comparison
in time occupied in rough turning. A
comparison of time occupied in grinding
was also made. The results were so
favorable that it was decided that all
shafts to be ground should be turned to
grinding size in the roughing lathes,
using as coarse feeds as the lathes
would carry.
A little more experience in rough turn-
ing showed us that the high speed steel
tools would stand to take heavier cuts
than the lathes would pull. Heavier
and more powerful lathes were purchas-
ed and proved very satisfactory. The
result was a remarkable increase in the
rate of production.
STRAIN ON HOISTING ROPE DUE
TO SLACK.
Experiments made by placing a dyna-
mometer between the rope and the ■lage
in a hoisting plant showed conclusively
the bad effects of starting the load with
a jerk due to a slack rope. When there
was 2J- inches of slack, the stress on
the rope was 39 per cent, greater than
if the load were lifted slowly and gent-
ly. With 3 inches of slack the stress
was 65 per cent, greater than if lifted
slowly and gently. With a slack of 6
inches, the stress was 122 per cent , or
more than double, and with 12 inches
slack the stress on the rope was three
times as great as when starting slowly
with a taut rope. Such sudden stresses
on hoisting ropes necessarily cause de-
terioration in the strands, which eventu-
ally result in breakage, even sudden
breakage of the rope. The jerk can be
greatly reduced by care on the part ol
the hoisting engineer, and the insertion
of a good spring connection between the
cage and the rope.— Mines and Minerals.
LARGEST ELECTRIC MOTOR.
The largest electric motor in the
world is now being made in Stafford,
England. It will have a capacity of 10,-
000 horse-power and will weigh nearly
200 tons. A 920 volt current will sup-
ply it. The commutator will be 12 feet
in diameter. The motor will be used
for driving a steel rolling mill.
Geometric Chaser Grinder. — A neat
12-pagre booklet issued by the Geometric
Tool Co., New Haven, Conn., describes
this R-rinder, and several illustrations
show it in use, and give an idea of its
applicability. Short talks on the fre-
quency with which dies should be
pround, etc., are given.
The Evolution of the Centrifugal Filtration Plant Pump
By K. Campbell
The John Inglis Co., Toronto, Recently Completed a Centrifugal Pump for the Toronto
Filtration Beds. The Machining of the Main Body of the Pump Presented a Problem
Which Was Successfully Solved by the Superintendent. A Complete Description of the
Machining and the Pump Construction is Given in This Article.
I^WO centrifugal pumps were recently
completed for the Toronto filtra-
tion plant by the John Inglis Co., To-
ronto. These were a 12 in. drainage
pump and a 48 in. pump for filtration
full capacity of their foundry, the two
castings of the body weighing 14 and 8
tons respectively or a total of 22 tons,
were made by the Berg Machinery Co.,
Toronto.
V
suspended over the mold by a jib crane.
Fig. 2 shows the large casting in the
yard of the Berg Machinery Co. as it
came from the mold. The casting was
then cleaned for delivery, the- completed
casting being shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 1. — Core for one of the pump castings, Fouiidry of Berg Machinery Co., Toronto.
purposes. The latter is designed for
45,000 Imperial gallons and a 9 ft. head.
Owing to pressure of work requiring the
Fig. 1 shows a corner of the foundry
of the Berg Machinery Co. The core for
the smaller of the two castings is held
if=i=^
^
..^
g^HH
r
L^
Bbi
|L'"1 "M
^^^^1
I
i
^1
h n
W
'^
i^^'vll
k
II
n
fc^i^
1
Fig. 4. — The two large pasting.? of the Cen-
trifugal I'uuip In position, at the works
of the John Inglis Co., Toronto.
Machining.
The machining was done in the ma-
chine shop of the John Inglis Co. The
faces for the joints were planed, one
Fig. 2. — l^;iige ('*-iitrifllK;il I'liifi|,
CtiHtinx in yaril c»f Itcrjf Machinery r
■ anie from the mold.
1 cironro, as it
Fig.
-Giving nn idea of the size of the
Centrifugal Pump.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
155
half at a time. They were then bolted
together for boring. The large boring
mill has a capacity of 10 to 16 ft., while
the casting was 19 ft. 6 ins. to the out-
side corner. The pump could not revolve
and bar revolved with table. Thus, in-
stead of the work revolving, it remain-
ed stationary, while the boring bar re-
volved, a casting bolted to the face
plate driving the boring bar.
Pig. 3. — The liiiishert easting in the yard of tl'e Iterj? Mncliinery Co.
ilelivcry to the John Inglis Co., Toronto.
Toronto, ready for
under the housings nor be machined in
the regular way.
The pump was fastened on the outside
foundation plate, one end of boring bar
being attached to table of boring mill
and other to cross-head of machine. This
bar had a screwed feed travelling head
The bearing faces were planed at right
angles to the face bored out, referred
to in the previous paragraph. The out-
let was machined last. Fig. 4 shows
the two large castings complete alter
machining. The comparative size of the
pump is shown in Fie;. .5,
The impeller and two bearings are
shown in Fig. 6. The impeller is 66 ins.
in diameter and weighs two tons. Each
bearing was made in two parts, a com-
plete elbow or bearing weighing three
tons. The joints of the elbows were
planed, and the two parts bolted to-
gether. Each elbow was then bored and
faced in the boring mill.
The complete pump with all parts as-
sembled is shown in Fig. 7. There are
two intakes of 37 ins. each and an out-
let of 48 ins. The pump complete occu-
pies a floor space of 7x12 ft. and is 10
ft. high.
The pump is driven by the tandem
compund condensing steam engine.
The diameter of the high pressure
cylinder is 13 ins., low pressure 27 ins.,
with a stroke of 36 ins. and r.p.m. 104.
The floor space of the engine is 9x28
feet.
THE WESTERN BRIDGE AND
EQUIPMENT CO.
Owing to increased business and the
want of land adjacent to their present
shops for extension purposes, the West-
ern Bridge and Equipment Co., of
Chatham, Ont., have started a new shop
building, 82 by 225 feet on part of a
7 acre lot given by the City of Chat-
ham. The land is located between the
G.T.R. and CPU. The building will
cost $10,500, and will have overhead
traveling cranes throughout its entire
Fig
-Ccntrifngiil I'luiip, Hiiilt Ijy the Jobu
Inglis Co., Toronto.
Kig. (i. — ImpelU'i- ami Bearings of the Centrifugal Pumj) after machining, In the works
of the John Inglis Co., Toronto.
length. The general equipment will be
that of an up-to-date bridge and struc-
tural steel works. A charter has been
applied for, under the name of the
Chatham Bridge Co. Ltd., with capital
of $200,000. A large part of this stock
has been already placed, and purchase
made of some of the tool equipment
from the A. R. Williams Co., Toronto.
A further tool purchase to the amount
of $10,000 is projected in the near future.
The provisional directors are '.A. E.
Drew, W. P. Drew, T. A. Drew, T. C.
Martin and A. Lanigan, all of Chatham,
Ont.
Mechanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinists*
By B. P.
A Seriei of Progressive Lessons Designed to Familiarize Engineers With the Use of the
Apparatus Necessary to Make Simple Drawings, to Encourage Them to Realize How Im-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, as Well as Being a Profitable Pastime.
The text and illustrations constitut-
ing the fifth article of our course form
an introduction to the drawing of
straight lines with curve or part circle
connection at their extremities; the com-
bination of which goes to make a detail
of mechanical utility. Fig. 1 shews two
steel plates | inch thick, butt-jointed by
means of a 4ix3xf inch tee iron, single
riveted to each plate by rivets 13-16
inch driven diameter. The rivets are
spaced midway between the outside of
tee iron web and outside of flange on
same side. The rivet head diameter is
of these lines begin one inch from that
edge of your paper and four inches
down from the top edge of same, to the
upper thickness line. Make these plate
thickness lines about 6i inches long and
in the middle of this length, draw a
vertical line by means of your tee and
thickness of f inch, and are at the out-
er edge 1-32 less than this. The inner
edge where connection is made with the
web will have a thickness 1-32 inch in
excess of the mean. Kach lower flange
will therefore have a slight downward
taper on upper face from inner to outer
Fig. 1.— Butt Joint with Tee Iron.
1.6 times the rivet body diameter and
its thickness at centre .8 of the body
diameter. The rivet holes should be
slightly countersunk on the head faces
as shown; this being done with writing
pencil or pen freehand.
In making a full size pencil drawing
of this joint, begin by drawing horizon-
tal lines representing the plate thick-
ness, making the left hand extremities
•Fifth of a *e*ie< of an Instruction Course. A
lesson will be Kiven each month.
set squares to represent the butt or
joint of the two plates. At this joint
or butt, continue a faint vertical con-
struction line, on each side of which,
mark off the half thickness of tee iron
and draw vertical lines just over 3
inches from top of plates.
As the tee iron is 3 inches deep, draw
with your coinpass?s a s?mi-circle whose
crown reaches the .3-inch mark, and
whose radius is 3-16 inch. The base
flanges of the tee iron have a mean
I'ig. 4.— Piinillel Plates with Z Iron Joint
edge. The radii of outer and inner ends
of upper face of tee iron flange is 3-16
inch, and should be drawn with the com-
passes.
It will be noted that Fig. 1 represents
the connection of two plates of equal
thickness and in the same straiglit line.
Fig. 2 shows two plates of equal length
and thickness, parallel to each other,
joined together by means of a channel
Klg. 2.— Parallel Plates with Channel Iron J . nt.
!•' t,'. .i. . iir.iiii'l iMiUi's wil.ri Itliirk .loint
CANADIAN MACHINEKY
157
iron, while Fig. 3 represents like plate
conditions with a solid piece or block
joint. Fig. 4 represents two parallel
plates of unequal length joined together
by an Z. bar. All of these figures
should be drawn full size and carry the
same rivet head proportions to diameter
as Fig. 1. The remarks on radii and
position of rivets apply also as in
Fig. 1.
The sectional shading shown on the
sketches does not .correspond with the
illustration and instruction given in our
previous article. You will, however,
make it to correspond.
Instruction in making these drawings
in pencil is more or less superfluous,
they being to a large extent self explan-
atory. It will not be out of place,
however, to say a few words on inking-
in your drawing. Having completed the
pencil work, the first thing to attend to
in inking, is that of the radii. You will
therefore put in the flange and web radii
in each case, also the rivet beads, head
and body freehand fillets. Having done
this it is simply a case of drawing the
straight lines with your squares and
drawing pen to join up. In inking, be-
gin at the top of your sheet and work
down for horizontal lines, and at the
left hand side of the sheet for vertical
lines, working to the right.
The ^G.T.R. Car Shops, London, Ont., ** Welfare" Dept.
By Halyard
In the March issue of "Canadian Machinery," the writer gave a brief outline des-
cription of the McClary Mfg. Co.'s "Welfare" Scheme and its operation. The
present article m written to show what one of our large railroad systems is doing
along similar lines with the co-operation of its employes, in the same city, and
forms one more link in the chain of evidence, which goes to prove the efficacy
of such schemes, in securing and retaining satisfactory relationship between
capital and labor.
nrHE G.T.R. car shops, London, Ont.,
exist largely for the repair and up-
keep of freight and passenger cars, and
are a centre or headquarters for this
purpose in a wide and important sec-
tion. A striking feature of the yards,
buildings and equipment, is the cleanli-
ness, tidiness and order prevailing; con-,
ditions which of themselves conduce to
"welfare" and self-respect of employes,
as well as hearty ef!ort in the accom-
plishment of their work. The va-
rious shops are well lighted and
ventilated, and have thoroughly modern
lavatory accommodation whereby the
employes at the close of the day's work
may, if they so choose, erase all trace
of the efiects of the hours of toil, and
leave for their homes feeling in good
spirits, clean and satisfied.
Library and Dining Room.
Provision has been made for leisure as
well as for working hours, and the
wants of the inner man are also catered
for. The library and reading room, Fig.
1, forms a section of a long one-storey
brick building, of which the general of-
fices, store rooms, dining room, fire
station, paint shop, etc., also form a
part.
The library leading dimensions are 60
by 30 feet; it contains 5,000 volumes of
wholesome literature covering every
field, and is supplied with the leading
Canadian and American daily papers, as
well as the brightest and best weekly
and monthly magazines of both these
countries and the Old Country. On
either side and ends of the long central
table are to be found revolving easy
chairs for reading, and in addition to
the papers and magazines already referr-
ed to, we noted a globe of the world,
several sets of stereopticon views, etc.
Concerts and entertainments for em-
ployes and their friends are held here.
seating accommodation being provided
for 300 people. The membership fee is
50 cents per annum, and the enrolment
shows a total of 180. An annual con-
cert in winter and excursion in summer
provide means from their successful and
profitable carrying out, whereby addi-
tions of books by purchase, are made to
the library.
The walls are handsomely decorated,
and are ornamented with pictures and
groups of railroad officials and equip-
ment, busts, etc. The interior wood-
work is of southern pine in natural fin-
ish; with furniture of oak and oak-
grained hardwood.
Drawing classes in winter for em-
ployes, having an enrollment of 50 and
an average attendance of 35, form an-
other attractive feature of the "wel-
fare" department. Instruction in this
course is given two nights per week in
the library.
The dining room is the same size as
the library and has attached to it a
cooking and wash-up room 12 by 30
feet. Fig. 2. Meals are served at
moderate rates and are largely taken
advantage of by the men at the noon
hour.
A committee of management looks
after the library and dining room de-
1 K- 3- — I.';!>r.ir.v nail Ki-adlnj; lt,;oiii. G.T.R. Car Shops, Lomlou, Oat.
158
CANADIAN MACHINERY
partments, and is elected annually from
among the members. Every Friday at
noon the London Y.M.C.A. hold a meet-
ing, at which one speaker and one singer
are present for the instruction and en-
tertainment o( the audience, which is
usually large.
Mr. Treleaven, the master car builder,
and the other leading officials enter
heartily into this "welfare" work, yet
while naturally giving it the best of
their time and effort, do not neglect
National or Imperial interests when
opportunity presents, as evidenced
by the erection of a new and
tall flag pole with a model railroad car
on top and unfurling of a new flag with
due ceremony, followed by an employes'
recreation field day, on the occasion of
the coronation of our late King.
system throughout. The annual prem-
ium on twenty per cent, more insurance
is only about J200. Counting ten per
cent, interest and depreciation on the
investment in the protection system,
there still remains a large annual sav-
ing, and besides that the greatly added
security of the business, which has re-
quired years of hard work to build up,—
Machinery.
. SHOP CHANGES DUE TO THE
STEEL CAR.
The Railway Age-Gazette refers to the
shop side of the steel car era as fol-
lows : "The introduction of the steel car
in both passenger and freight service is
rapidly transforming the equipment of
most railroads and gradually changing
EDITORIAL STAFF ADDITION.
A change in the personnel of our edi-
torial staff made necessary the appoint-
ment of a new associate editor, and we
have been fortunate in securing the ser-
vices of Mr. J. H. Williams, late assist-
ant shop engineer, C. P. R. Angus shops,
Montreal, to fill the position. Mr. Wil-
liams brings a weight of practical ma-
chine shop methods and practice to the
service of our trade publications, par-
ticularly Canadian Machinery, and our
readers may rest assured of their inter-
ests and requirements being carefully
looked after in the future.
Mr. Williams served his apprentice-
ship with the North British Locomotive
Co., Glasgow, a corporation employing
ECONOMY OF EFFICIENT FIRE
PROTECTION.
The annual fire waste in America is
appalling, exceeding $100,000,000 by con-
servative estimate. This estimate is for
the actual loss of property, there being
no data, of course, for the loss of wages
and profits, and indirect business losses
generally. The fire insurance companies,
as a matter of good business policy,
have brought about many reforms in
factory construction designed to greatly
reduce the fire risk. The growing use of
concrete is another factor that .should
tend to reduce the proportional loss,
though it is doubtful if the aggregate
fire waste will show perceptible diminu-
tion in the next twenty years, or until
a large part of the present wooden
structures have burned or been torn
down.
Among the means for preventing de-
structive fires, the sprinkler system,
which originated in the needs of wood-
working mills, is the chief. There is
little chance for a fire started in a build-
ing equipped with sprinklers as prescrib-
ed by standard specification, to become
a destructive conflagration. The mom-
ent the temperature of the air sur-
rounding the sprinkler head reaches or
exceeds 180 degrees F., the fusible links
melt and the flow of water automatical-
ly starts. If the fire spreads, more
sprinklers go into action and unless the
conditions are abnormal the flames are
promptly extinguished.
The experience of a well-known ma-
chine tool builder of the Northwest is a
good illustration of what this system
means in saving insurance premiums.
For several years the plant consisted of
wooden buildings, and being outside the
city fire protection zone, the insurance
rate was high, the premium being about
$.3,000 annually. A new building of
semi-fireproof construction has been
built and equipped with the sprinkler
I'ifc'.
Diiiiiij; Itouui, G.T.H. Car Sbop.s, Loiuldii, Out.
the character of the car shops and mak-
ing its impress upon the car depart-
ment generally. The shops are becom-
ing iron working shops with punches,
shears and riveters, and the repair men
are no longer carpenters and cabinet
makers, but sheet metal workers and
blacksmiths. The design of the steel car
is an engineering problem, and most of
the work can be handled better by the
machinist or other iron worker than by
the old-time car builder or woodworker.
It is a remarkable fact, however, that
the cabinet maker in the shops of the
large passenger car builders has so
adapted himself to the fitting of steel
sheets, moldings and trimmings that his
work is more rapid and accurate than
the regular sheet metal workers."
8,000 men, and turning out 700 locomo-
tives per year. He worked as draftsman
with J. H. Carruthers & Co., Polenadie
Pump Works, with Watson, Laidlaw &
Co., makers or hydro-extractors, centri-
fugals and sugar machinery, and with
Kerr, Stuart & Co., Stoke-on-Trent, Eng-
land, as leading draftsman. He came
to Canada four yeai's ago, and has been
employed at the C.P.R. Angus shops,
Montreal, until joining our staff, first
as draftsman and then as assistant shop
engineer. His technical training was
received at the Glasgow and West of
Scotland Technical College, an institu-
tion of world-wiile fame in the mattei*
of staff, equipment and quality of in-
struction imparted.
Boiler Design, Construction, Opera-
tion, Repairing and Inspection *
By H. S. Jeffery
Repairing Tubular Boilers.
(17) The repairing of a tubular boiler
is a simple matter— a very simple mat-
ter. The chief consideration is to make
the repair so as to weaken the boiler as
Fig. 21.
little as possible, and to apply the patch
in such a manner so it will serve as near
as possible the part it replaces.
The applying a patch to any boiler in
such a manner as will necessitate the
work being done over within a short
time, which usually means more exten-
sive repairing in the second instance, is
due to two reasons, and they are :
Haste and incompetency on the part of
those making the repairs. The incom-
petency in this instance, means lack of
knowledge of boiler reconstruction, or
in other words the repairing of a boiler
in a practical manner.
Take for instance a tubular boiler.
Now, if the shell sheet is to be patched,
the hole in it should never be cut as
shown in Fig. 21 ; it should be cut in the
manner indicated in Fig. 22. The sharp
corners of the hole, Fig. 21, will permit
under the panting or the breathing
of the boiler the shell plate to crack
from the corner into the solid plate
Also, since the patch would be applied
with a single riveted joint, the cutting
of the hole in the shell plate, as shown
in Fig. 21, would place in the longitu-
dinal plane a single riveted lap joint,
which, of course, would have an efficiency
greatly below the efficiency of all other
joints in the same plane.
The manner of installing the hole in a
shell plate, as shown in Fig. 22, over-
/-^
\
J
%
V
Fig. 22.
comes cracks into the solid plate as pre-
viously mentioned. In addition, it will
be noted, in Fig. 22, that there is no
single riveted lap joint in the longitu-
dinal plane. The hole in the shell plate,
Fig. 22, permits a single riveted lap
joint in the transverse plane, and the
rivets should be so pitched so the effi-
ciency of the joint of the patch is the
same as the girth seam of the boiler.
It will be noted that a portion of the
single riveted lap joint would be diago-
nal, which is the best arrangement that
can be made, and one which is to be pre-
ferred to the single riveted lap joint in
the longitudinal plane.
Inside and Outside Patches.
(18) A subject which boilermakers do
not altogether agree upon is the method
of applying a patch to the bottom of a
tubular boiler. Some boilermakers be-
lieve in applying a patch inside the
Fit'. ^^■
boiler as shown in Fig. 23, while others
believe in applying the patch on the out-
side of the boiler as shown in Fig. 24.
The latter practice, however, is more
universally used than the former prac-
tice, and this notwithstanding the fact
that a place or recess is created for the
collection of mud and foreign substances.
•Fifth of n series of articles on this sub-
ject. Copyright by the MacLean Publishing
Company.
Fig. 24.
A patch applied to the bottom af a tub-
ular boiler, whether applied inside or
outside of the boiler, should never bo ap-
plied with patch bolts. Patches can be
readily and safely applied with patch
bolts to the fire-box or furnaces of lo-
comotive boilers— and for the reason that
there is but little strain on the plate
from the centre of the rivet hole to its
edge. This is not true, however, with a
patch as applied to a tubular boiler, per
Figs. 23 and 24. They should be riveted.
The patch as applied in the manner as
shown in Fig. 24, can be brought "home"
—that is, brought metal to metal against
a shell plate, more tightly than if ap-
plied in the manner as shown in Fig.
23, Further, the installation of the
patch. Fig. 24, can be more readily and
cheaply installed than the patch, Fig.
23, and practice has shown that it is
Fig. 25.
better to calk patches to the shell plate
instead of the shell plate to the patch.
If the boiler is clean, as it should be, no
difficulty should be experienced by mud
and foreign substances collecting in the
recess patch applied as shown in Fig.
24.
Reference has already been made to
the cutting of hole for patch on the shell
plate. Frequently the shell plate will
crack adjoining the girth seam. In such
cases the hole should be cut as shown in
Fig. 25, and not as shown in Fig. 20 —
and for the same reason as given in re-
gards to Figs. 21 and 22.
It is not practical to apply the patch
to the inside or outside of the boiler
and not cut out the defective part when
said defective part is in contact with the
flames or hot gases. A crack might de-
velop in — say the dome — and in this case
a patch could be applied over the crack
or defective part without removing same.
However, that portion of the shell plate
of a tubular boiler in contact with the
flame and hot gases, should not and can-
not be repaired by applying a patch
without removing the defective part of
the shell plate. It the patch is applied
without removing the defective part, the
double thickness of the plate at that
point will result in the plate becoming
overheated and the patch's length of ser-
vice will be of a very short duration-
Fig. 2tJ.
less than a day. It is very essential
that the underlying principles of the
foregoing should be understood, and
when understood the repairing of boil-
ers will be a simple matter.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
L' . DISC GRINDING.
Uy J. A. Bradley.
The wide application and economy of
disc grinding is not as thoroughly ap-
preciated by manufacturers of inter-
changeable or duplicate parts in this
country as in others, and for the com-
paratively slow development of this
method of reducing the surfaces of
metals, the makers of disc grinding
machines are themselves largely to
blame.
The broad claims made by these firms
in regard to economy of operation in the
use of unskilled labor has greatly re-
tarded its progress, also the early ma-
chines sent out were poorly designed, not
having sufficient weight for the high
speeds at which they operate, and they
soon shook themselves to pieces. The
use of unskilled labor for what appeared
to be a simple operation soon increased
the size of the scrap heap and disproved
one of their strong talking points. It
also showed that disc grinding requires
much skill.
It is true that the use of unskilled
labor may be developed in a compara-
tively short time, starting at the more
simple operations and advancing step hy
step, but if many machines are to be
operated the constant supervision of a
skilled operator is necessary. The fail-
ure of unskilled labor to operate these
machines as claimed by the makers, the
high cost of maintenance because of
poor design, and the difficulty of at-
taching grinding circles to the plates so
that they would remain until worn out,
soon developed a prejudice that has not
been easily overcome.
Of these conCitions all but the latter
have become better understood and im-
proved, and while special adhesives for
this purpose are available the trouble
still exists. Another effort to overcome
this feature and which has met with
very little success, was to cut upon the
face of the plate, a half-round spiral
groove. The .scriousnes.s of this condi-
tion against the successful operation of
disc grinding will be better understood
when one reflects upon the cost of these
circles whether purchased outside or
made up in the plant, and that when
one flies oil after a few hours' use, its
usefulness as far as disc grinding is
concerned is totally destroyed as it is
next to impossible to replace it.
The accompanying drawing shows a
disc grinder plate that has been in use
for several years, and while the idea is
not new (a patent having expired in
March 1910) very few interested in disc
grinding seem to have heard of it. It
entirely overcomes the difficulty, keep-
ing the grinding circle perfectly flat
against the plate until completely worn
out. In fact, in making a test as to the
relative merits of a plate made as
shown and one having a half round spiral
groove cut on the surface, it was neces-
sary to use hamme; and chisel in order
to remove the circle held on with ordin-
ary glue, while the spiral groove plate
was coated with a special glue and the
grinding circle could be removed quite
easily by hand.
In the illustration, "A" is the grind-
ing plate, "B" the grinding c'.rcle or
surface, a portion of which is shown in
the plan view, and "C" the glue or
other adhesive substance. It will be ob-
served that there are a number of radial
dovetail or undercut grooves "D" cut in
the surface, the number depending upon
the diameter of the disc. These may bo
cut upon both sides and grinding discs
placed thereon, so that when one wears
out the other side may be turned out.
In using a plate cut in this way grind-
ing discs may be fastened with an ordin-
ary stiff paste of flour and water, and
the grinding disc will last until com-
pletely worn out, and when it is desired
to replace it, it is only necessary to im-
merse in boiling water in the usual way,
when all the glue or paste will come
out.
Disc Grinder Plate.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
161
AUTOMATICALLY PRODUCING
CONICAL SURFACES ON A
BORING MILL.
By J. H. Williams.
Some time ago, in the shops with
which the writer was connected, the
problem presented itself of facing some
concave and convex conical surfaces by
means of a boring mill. The angle
which the slope of the cone made with
the vertical was greater than 45 deg.,
Layout Diagram — Automatic Conical Surface
Producer on Boring Mill.
therefore the method now described was
adopted. It may prove of interest to
readers of Canadian Machinery, espec-
ially as a way has been devised for ac-
curately determining the amount the
tool-bar has to be swung over from the
vertical position to produce various
angles, without employing any "cut and
try" methods. The half-tone illustrates
one of the jobs in question, and it will
be noticed that the head is set over very
little, although the angle made by the
slope is 63 deg. with the vertical. This
is accomplished by using a combination
of both the vertical and horizontal feeds,
and further by using only the vertical
feed on the head doing the work, and
the horizontal feed on the other head.
Such a method was necessary for two
reasons ; one being the construction of
the machine, which allows only equal
feeds in each direction when both feeds
are obtained from the one head, and the
other that this arrangement enables the
proportion between the two feeds to be
varied. Thus, we may get for instance,
' 1-16 inch feed in the downward direction
and 1-8 inch or more in the horizontal,
or any other combination which is per-
mitted by the feed gears on the ma-
chine.
The two heads are connected by a bar,
as shown in the half-tone cut, which has
the effect of practically making the two
into one. On some machines the nut
which engages with the horizontal feed
screw is made in halves and can be open-
ed and closed at will. On others again
the nut is solid, and where this is the
case, it is necessary to remove the hor-
izontal feed screw from the head carry-
ing the tool, so that it may be free to
move across horizontally under the pull
of the other head, exerted through the
coupling bar. The next thing is to de-
termine the angle through which the
head which carries the tool must be
swung in order to produce the required
slope. As far as the writer is aware,
the following graphical solution of this
problem has not previously appeared in
print.
Construction of Diagram.
Referring to the figure, we lay off a
straight line AB, equal to the radius of
the base of the cone to be turned. At
B erect a perpendicular BC, equal to the
vertical height of the cone. From B
lay off a line BD cutting the line AC
produced at D. The length BD must
hear the same relation to the length
AB that the downward feed of the tool
bears to the horizontal feed. The angle
CBD is the angle which the tool-bar
must make with the vertical in order
that the tool may follow the slope
DC A. Example : suppose we have to
turn a cone the radius of whose base is
15 inches and whose vertical height is
2 inches, we first settle upon some ratio
for the two feeds. Let us assume 1-.32
inch downward and |-inch horizontal
feeds per revolution of the work, which
is a ratio of 1 to 4.
Laying out our diagram we make AB
equal to the radius of the base of the
cone, or 15 inches, BC equal to the
height, or 2 inches. As already men-
tioned BD is to AB as the downward
feed is to the horizontal traverse ; that
is to say, BD must equal 15, divided by
4, or 3J inches. From B strike a radius
equal to 3J inches, and call the point
where it cuts AC produced, D. Join
BD and by trigonometry or by meas-
urement find the size of the angle CBD
and set the tool-bar this amount oR the
vertical.
If the' ratio of the two feeds is the
same as the ratio of the height of the
cone to the radius of its base, the tool-
bar is not swung over at all, but stands
vertical.
The half tone illustration shows the
method being applied to the turning ol
a conical piston head, often a more con-
venient way than chucking such a job in
a face-lathe ; and having the advantage
of producing the slope automatically.
Art. m.atic Turning of Conical Piston Ilead-cii Boring Mill.
162
INCREASING PLANER CAPACITY.
By Donald A. Hampson.
Our shop had a most adequate equip-
ment (or planer work and compared
more than favorably with any other for
twenty or more miles around. Despite
the fact that the squeech of the planer
belt was rarely stilled, we were so bur-
dened with orders that a goodly pile of
castings always lay around waiting' their
turn to be machined. As foreman, I
was chairman of the ways and means
committee, and therefore supposed never
to be at a loss for an expedient.
One of the planers had two heads on
the cross rail, and a 15-foot bed, so to
it I looked tor double service. How I
got it, may be gathered from the illus-
tration, which shows a job set up on
each side ol the bed, one a straight
CANADIAN MACHINERY
method requires work of a somewhat re-
lated form, and within certain limits as
to size.
To still further "cut time between
acts," as BuUard says, I had two men
set up the work and remove it when
finished, thus making the most of the
work producing hours available.
MAKING PERFECT BLUE PRINTS.
Many novel and patented devices have
from time to time been designed tor the
purpose of ensuring clear blue prints
when printing in large frames. One of
the simplest of these has been in use in
a Belgian factory tor many years, and
has proved satisfactory in every way.
In this factory the prints, which are in
many cases of huge steam engines, have
Increasing Planer Capacity.
facing job, the other a 55 degree angu-
lar cut on grey iron castings, 7 feet
long. With a shorter planer, only one
casting could have gone on at a time,
and of course, no extraordinary pro-
gress would have resulted.
The feed naturally was not what one
might term ideal with both heads in oper-
ation, still it was pretty close to it, and
the net result was a rapid clearing up
of the castings pile on the floor. This
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nut and screw close in towards each
other, and the greater this strain, the
tighter the grip.
Proportion! of Wing NutB — .Mech. World.
to be made of exceptionally large size,
and the difficulty of ensuring perfect
pressure of the paper in the frames is
overcome by using thin rubber cushions
the size of the frames, which are placed
between the paper and the wooden back.
Air is then blown into these cushions,
by means ot the mouth, which gives just
sufficient pressure to ensure perfect con-
tact, without bulging the wooden back
or the large glass front ot the tra.me.
By using this simple device the largest
prints can be produced with perfectly
.sharp lines all through, and spoiled and
blurred prints are entirely avoided. — The
Dodge Idea.
A SIMPLE ARBOR FOR THIN
SAWS.
By Chas. Hattenberger.
The accompanying cut shows a simple
and efficient type of arbor for thin cir-
cular saws used for metal slitting.
The taper shank is made to fit the
milling machine spindle and the two
screw threads are of opposite hand.
Thus it the saw is to revolve in a
right-hand direction, like the hands of a
clock, the outer thread and nut are
made right-handed, while the centre
screw is made left-handed. The strain
on the saw has a tendency to make the
HOW TO CUT CURVE ON PLANER.
By H. D. Chapman.
A number ot castings were recently
brought to the shop where the writer
works. Each casting was to be finished
24 inches square, and had to have a 14-
inch radius cut through the center as
shown at E in the accompanying draw-
ing drawing. The job was too large to
clamp on the lathe carriage and allow
for a cut of 14-inch radius, so after a
little thought we rigged up the planer
as shown in the accompanying drawing.
Five ot the castings were clamped on
the machine at a time, and the job was
soon finished. The tool was set central
with the casting. The planer head B
was locked to the cross beam, but the
swivel was left free to turn. The head
B was connected to the head C by the
chain A. The cross teed was put on the
Simple Arbor for Thin Saws.
head C, and it swung the head B and
the tool through the desired sweep. A
first-class job was done in a very short
order.— Scientific American.
It's a good plan to assume that the
builder of a machine knows a little about
it and that it will pay to follow his in-
structions, at least till you have found a
better way. If any directions seem com-
plicated, it is a safe bet that there is a
reason for it. No sane builder wants to
make it any harder than necessary to
learn how to operate his machine.
cL-r
\-h
How to Cut a Curve ou a Plauer.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, and Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
SEMI-AUTOMATIC NUT-TAPPmG
MACHINE.
The National Machinery Company,
Tiffin, Ohio, manufacturers of bolt, nut
and forging machinery, have perfected a
new design of Semi-Automatic Nut
Tapping Machine, which is shown in the
accompanying illustration. In this i ew
tapper, rough hot pressed nuts are tap-
ped as readily as cold punched nuts, and
the objections against the purely auto-
matic tapper, due to "sticking," etc.,
when small burrs are encountered on
rough hot pressed nuts, is overcome.
The tap spindles in this design are rais-
ed and lowered automatically, and the
machine "sets the pace" for feeding. The
operator does hot experience fatigue, as
on the foot-lever tapper, due to tread-
ling, is able to easily keep pace with
the machine during the day, and secure
the maximum output. Outputs on this
machine range from 60 to 80 per cent,
greater than are possible on the foot
lever tapper.
The revolutions of the tap spindles
raising and lowering, can be varied to
correspond to the number of threads on "
the tap being used. This eliminates
"non-productive" tapping time, tap run-
ning idle in the nut after it is tapped,
and quickens the "pace" for feeding, set
by the machine. The variations in the
revolutions of the tap spindles are se-
cured through a single lever quick-change
speed box on the cam shaft. The rais-
ing and lowering of the tap spindles is
accomplished by six three-step cams
carried on a horizontal shaft in the rear
of the spindle housing. These cams en-
Semi-Aulomatic Nut Tapping Machine. The
National Machinery Co . Tiffin, O.
gage with hardened steel rolls carried
in the spindle levers. The cam shaft
shifts laterally, so that the various
cam faces or steps can be engaged; in
this way the "staying" or resting time
of the tap when raised, can be altered
to meet the needs of the operator for
feeding the machine and emptying the
taps. The life of the tap also, is longer
than generally experienced in the toot-
levcr tapper, as the cam movement
causes the tap to lower gradually, in-
stead of dropping into the hole with the
weight of the spindle back of it, causing
it to bind, and resulting in broken taps,
stripping of threads, etc., so common in
the operation of the foot-lever machine.
An automatic socket allows the tap
to be removed or inserted while the
machine is running, and ejects the tap
automatically when the shank becomes
filled with tapped nuts. This new design
is built in 1 inch capacity with six
spindles, and 1| inch capacity with ten
spindles. National Circular 1010, gives a
full description of the machine, which
together with a National wedge Grip
bolt header and new friction-slip fly
wheel, a National quadruple bolt cutter
and National die sharpener, all of direct
motor drive designs, can be seen in op-
eration at the Master Mechanics' and
Master Car Builders' conventions, At-
lantic City, June 14 to 16, and 19 to 21
respectively.
COACH WHEEL LATHE, THE
G. T. R. SHOPS, MONTREAL.
There was recently put under test at
the G.T.R. shops, Montreal, a 42-inch
coach wheel lathe, illustration and lead-
ing features of which, together with
42-lueh Coach Wheel Lathe at G.T.U. Shops. Montreal.
164
CANADIAN MACHINERY
data of the test are herewith described.
The test was run under the supervision
of J. Coleman, car shop superintendent,
G.TR. System, and W. Pitt, foreman of
car shops, G.T.R., Montreal. The re-
sults constitute what is believed to be
a world's record, and have an added
value and importance from the fact that
this machine was the first of its par-
ticular type. It is believed that later
productions will show still more satis-
factory results, and while only of re-
cent introduction on the market, instal-
lations have been made by the Grand
Trunk Pacific, Temiskaming and North-
em Ontario Railway, and the National
Transcontinental Railway.
Description of the Lathe.
The machine i«- of an extra heavy
type, designed for turning out railway
coach wheels at a rate heretofore unob-
tainable. The driving mechanism con-
sists of 2 face plates, 56 inches in diam-
eter, having opening cut in same on one
side, to admit of axle; each driven by
an internal gear of steel of coarse
pitch. The spindle is 16 inches in diam-
eter, and has 2 bearings 14 inches long,
accurately scraped. It is open on one
side to admit the largest axle required,
and the construction of the machine re-
lieves it of all torsion. The bearings
are bronze bushed. The pinions meshing
into the internal gear are steel, the
teeth being cut from the solid. The
bearings supporting these gears are
phosphor bronze, and are 5J inches in
diameter by 11 inches long.
The centre head supporting the 2 in-
ternal gears has a wide bearing on the
base, and is secured to it by heavy
bolts and dowels, making an exception-
ally rigid construction. The method of
taking the insert is very simple, there
being two screws to loosen up, and the
section to drive out. The shape of the
gear ring also tends to rigid construc-
tion, by which there is no vibration. To
the face plates are secured drivers of
the latest approved form, giving ample
driving capacity to the machine. The.
tailstocks have spindles of large diamet-
er, to which arc secured powerful self-
centering chucks for gripping the
wheels. The heads are adjustable in
and out for a distance of 12 inches, and
are opened by means of screws operated
by motors on each end. These motors
need not be over 2 h.p. capacity each.
The cross slides and rests are extreme-
ly massive, and provided with means for
quipkly releasing tool and securing it in
position. The feeds are four in number,
and vary from 3-25ths to 12— 25ths of
aniinch per revolution, which is ample
for the work required. The base is stiff
and deep, with ample surface for bolting
the work to foundation. ; >
Advantages of this machine are that
the power is not transmitted through
an open side shaft. The strain is trans-
mitted entirely through the gear; the
bearing having only a steadying action
and no transmitting function. There is
no worm gearing to absorb energy, and
the heads being moved backwards and
forwards by power, the attendant is re-
lieved of much incidental trouble. The
tool pos;, is of a powerful type, and is
operated by a large screw of coarse
pitch, having differential threads. The
weight of the machine is about 55,000
pounds, and its recommended driving
equipment is a 40 h.p. variable speed
motor, with speed variation 3 to 1, or
a constant speed motor giving 2 speeds,
10 and 16 feet, by means of friction
clutches.
Pain
of
Time,
Putting
Wheel
in Lathe
Actual
Turning
Time
Removing
Total
Wheels
Time
Wheel
Ut
8.50 2/5
6.19 4/6
2.49 4/5
18.00
tod..
8.40 2/5
6.19 3/6
3.00 2/6
18 00 2/8
8rd
8.25 4/6
7 34 1/6
4.00 1/6
15.00 1/5
ith
880
6.41 2/6
2.48 1/6
ll.S»3/t
6th
3.84 2/5
7.15
2.40 4/6
13 SO 1/6
fth
8.86
«.55 2/5
8.28 1/6
18.69 3/6
7th
4.16
8.16 2/6
3M
16.30 2/6
8th
8.58 2/5
6.45 1/6
3.15 2/6
14.00
Sih
4.51 2/.1
8.48 4/5
4.20
18.00 1/5
10th
8.55 1/6
11.12 1/5
2.62 2/5
17.59 4/5
Uth
S.S6 1/5
6.46 4/5
2.37 1/5
13.00 1/6
l*th
8.84 2/5
10.05 2/5
4.20 2/5
18.00 1/5
18th
4.49
7.21 3/5
3,19 1/5
16.29 4/6
Uth
8 87 3/6
7.16 4/5
3.26
16.09 2/6
15th
8.21 3/A
8.65 4/6
4.02 3/5
18.20
l»th
8 47 8/5
9.31 4/5
3.00 3/5
16.20
17th
8.58 8/5
7.20
5.06 2/5
18.25
18th
8.67 3/5
6.i6 4/5
8.10 3/6
13.36
Wth
2.51 2/6
6.54 1/5
4.17 2/6
14.10
SOth
8.21 2/6
7.06 1/6
4.02 2/6
14.30
iltt
2.46
6.49 1/6
2.41 1/5
12.16 2/6
and......
S.U 8/6
6.494/5
2.36 4/6
11.411/5
aird
2.381/6
7.00
3.10 3/5
12.46 4/5
Mlh
8.26 2/5
6.88 4/5
3.:t9 4/6
13.44
Mth
2,68 1/5
6.18 4/5
2.36 2/6
11.46 2/6
Mtb
2.29 2/6
• 4.46 2/5
7.55 2/6
3.4R 1/5
14.10
«7th
7.38
3.0C.8/6
13.80
«8lh
4.08 1/6
7.38
i.4B 1/5
14.80 2/6
»th
4.28 2/6
10.63
2.17 4/6
17.89 1/6
3Uth
2.39 2/6
. 9.39 2/6
3.39
16.67 4/5
list
8.05 2/5
8 81 1/6
2.43 3/6
14.10 1/6
Stnd
8.18 1/6
8;S3
2.46 3/8
14.36 4/5
88id ',.
4.24 4/5
8.21 4/6
2.11 4/5
14.68 2/6
84lh .....
8.16 1/6
6.29 1/^
2 28 1/6
12.12 3/5
Uth
2.43 2/5
6.61 4/5
209
11.44 1/6
Mth
S.18 1/6
8.23 1/6
6.46 4/6
17.22 1/5
S7th
2.67
9.56 2/6
2.28 4/S
15,22 !/5
88th ,....•.
8.84 2/5
8.29
2.33 3/6
14.37
89th ;
t 46 2/6
7 46
2.24
12.66 2/5
Mth ......
2.68 1/6
7.43 1/J
2.22 4/5
13.04 1/b
2.21.12 4/6
.MO.IO 3/
5 2.07.51 9.39.14 2/6
3.31 4/5
7.46
3.08 1/.
> 14 23 4/6
2.29 2/5
5.41 2/
S 2.09
11.41 1/5
Maximum..
5.27 3/S
11.121/
b 6 46 4/
> 18.001/6
Test Data, 42-inch Conch Wheel Lathe.
Test Particulars.
The machine was operated during the
test by two mechanics and two helpers,
while another man took electrical read-
ings. The wheels were Krupp B.V.G.
Pairs 1 to 31 were 38 inches, 5x9
wheels, pairs 32 to 40 were 38 inches,
4ix8 wheels. The forty pairs of steel
tired wheels were turned out in 9 hours
and 35 minutes, and the tools used, only
required one grind for the entire opera-
tion.
The lathe is manufactured by the Lon-
don Machine Tool Co., Hamilton, Out.,
and has been developed in its leading
features, which are patented, by the
general manager of the company, E.G.
Yeates.
A NEW OPENING DIE.
A departure from previous designs al-
lows this die to be operated while being
revolved. It is designed particularly
for use on screw machines where the
threading spindle is revolved. In addi-
tion, there are several other important
features which have been carefully cov-
ered. The chasers can be removed from
the jaws without displacing any of the
other parts, and are so designed that
they will cut a practically perfect
thread without the use of the follow-up
cam; a very essential point when used
on the rotating spindle. A liberal ad-
justment for size is provided in the cam
arrangement on the chaser blocks, and
this is controlled by a fine pitch screw
with micrometer graduations plainly
marked.
The jaws holding the chasers, and the
cam surfaces controlling the closing of
the die are hardened and ground with a
wide bearing on the cam surface, which
holds the jaws firmly in position when
the die is closed. No springs are con-
nected with the parts on which the ad-
justment of the dies or the operation oi
the closing cams, depend. As shown,
this new design of die requires a small
number of parts and these are so ar-
ranged as to make it easily taken apart
and reassembled, although this is sel-
dom necessary, as the head cap prevents
chips entering the working parts, and
the internal arrangement of the head
leaves plenty of room between, except
in the matter of the cam faces and the
surfaces they bear on. Grit carried by
the oil and other foreign substances
works into these clear spaces and out of
the head through holes provided for the
purpose in its sides. The die may be
thoroughly cleansed by simply removing
the cap "H" from the front face and
washing in oil or compound. No other
parts need be removed. All details of
the die are made interchangeable, to
facilitate reassembling or replacement of
worn or broken parts.
This die has been developed by The
National Acme Manufacturing Company,
of Cleveland, for use on their Acme
automatic multiple spindle screw mach-
ines and other machines with revolving
threading devices, after over two years
experimenting with the standard makes
of die heads and departures from same.
Die Detail.
A — Body holding the working parts.
B — Head holding the chaser blocks.
C — Cam operating block.
D — Chaser block, with cam for adjust-
ing milled on rear end.
E — Chaser which can be removed by
removing screw "F" only.
F — Screw holding chaser.
G— Screws holding B to A.
H— Cap protecting working parts from^
chips, etc.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
165
K— Adjusting screw. and each has its separate quarter turn through drains on each table. The usual
J— Micrometer graduations for adjust- countershaft, instead ot single clutches geared tapping attachment is fitted to
nient. for each machine. This method ot drive the fourth spindle.
M— Groove for closing shoe. has been selected with the idea of deliv- Distinctive features of these machines
SIBLEY FOUR SPINDLE HI-SPEED
DRILLING MACHINE.
In this four-spindle Hi-Speed drilling
machine made by the Sibley Machine
Tool Co., South Bend, Ind., there is
endeavor to combine all the features
which add convenience and eHectivencss
New Opening Die. — The Nalional Acme Mfg- Co., Cleveland. O.
A New Opening Die —The National Acme Mfar. Co.. Cleveland, O.
without undue complication. The indi-
vidual square tables are close together
and can either be u.sed as one table for
the whole machine or any one of them
may be raised or lowered to accommo-
date ditTerent size jigs. Each spindle is
independent of the others in operation.
ering the full amount of power to each
machine, and to eliminate the troubles
incident to the use of friction clutches.
A gear pump driven from one of the
countershafts supplies lubricant from a
large tank to all four spindles, and to
this tank all the lubricant returns
are their direct drive, and gear case lo-
cation on top of the column. The oper-
ator can take care of all four spindles,
without being obliged to go around
back or side of the machine for speed
changes or adjustments. The machine
may be started and stopped, speeds and
feeds changed and spindle returned, from
directly in front. The same type is
manufactured with two or three spindle
arrangements.
THE BOND HANGER AND COUPL-
ING CO., ALEXANDRIA, ONT.
Mr. Charles Bond, Philadelphia, Pa.,
president of the Bond Hanger and Coup-
ling Co., Alexandria, Ont., visited the
plant a few days ago, and presided at a
meeting of shareholders. Mr. . Bond re-
presented the American interests, while
iho.se of the Canadian end were looked
after by H. Munro and J. Mcintosh.
M. H. Graham was appointed secretary-
treasurer and general manager. The re-
port of business done since the inception
of the company and commencement of
operations was considered highly satis-
factory, and in view of the likelihood of
a substantial and steady business in-
crease in the near future, steps were
taken to add to the machine equipment
so as to cope with it.
Sililcy Four Kiiiudle Hi-Sijeed Uiilliug Mucli iue.
Before kicking about failure of socie-
ties and associations to live up to your
expectations, just hold a little inward
communion with yourself, somewhat
along this line : "What have I contri-
buted toward exchanging expectations
for results ?"
166
CANADIAN MACHINERY
GnadianMachinery
^^ MA^.UFACTURING NEWS^
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m«:banM:al and eleclrwal trade., the foundry, technK.1 progreM, ccnstruction
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ricity. compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing
Co., Limited
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Vol Vll.
June. 1911
No. 6
CANADIAN MACHINERY.
With this issue of Canadian Machinery, Mr. Peter
Bain assumes responsible editorship. Needless to say Mr.
Bain's long practical experience in the various depart-
ments of machine shop work, his success as a designer
and his thorough technical training, eminently qualify him
for the position.
Mr. J. H. Williams, asst. shop engineer, the C.P.R.
Angus shops, Montreal, becomes associate editor, and he
too brings to the work of our paper, a wide and compre-
hensive knowledge of the most modern machinery prac-
tice. On another page will be found a brief account of
Mr. Williams' training and experience.
We bespeak our readers' co-operation by correspond-
ence, inquiry and contributed articles in our editorial
work.
A QUESTION or ENDURANCE.
Machines are designed to perform certain operations
involving great accuracy with rapid output, and much
ingenuity is displayed in the arrangement of the various
mechanisms which lead to successful attainment. Does
the active material, if we might so term it, receive that
care in selection of kind and quality, to put it on a par
with the other effective features, or may it be left un-
wittingly the weak link in the chain ? It does seem that
the latter is in many cases an existent condition, and as
a consequence, much skill in design or accuracy of work-
manship, becomes wasted immediately the machine or its
detail gets into service.
Gear wheels strike us as being pertinent examples of
elaborate precaution taken to secure correct form teeth
without due regard to t«cth material in the light of
operating conditions. Wheel teeth although perfect in
form will remain so through a brief period of operation.
and the beneficial effects looked for, will have disap-
peared long before the life of the wheel is over, unless
steps are taken to secure material which will not only
stand up to the work by its quality, but will make
appear reasonable and right the time and skill expended
on teeth form.
Many examples might be quoted to show the incon-
sistency of spending much labor and skill on material
unworthy of and unsuitable tor its selected service, and
our drawing attention to the subject, may as these ex-
amples suggest themselves, lead to a material being
selected nore in conformity with the care and cost of
design and workmanship.
A WORD TO THE APPRENTICE.
The apprentice of to-day if he wishes to be spared
not a few vain regrets in after years, should take time
to realize the advantages he enjoys over his predecessors
of fifteen or twenty years ago. Then, even in large shops
very few facilities were offered or were available to a
lad for learning the technical side of his trade, with the
consequence that his prospects for becoming anything be-
yond a skilled mechanic were more or less remote.
The care and attention bestowed on the apprentice to-
day is such as to make some of us old timers a trifle
jealous, and to wish that we had been fivored with an
equal opportunity. In spite, however, of all that is being
done for them to-day, we fear a goodly number of ap-
prentices are more or less unappreciative and do not take
advantage of all the opportunities ottered that they
might. We know that quite a large number only keep
themselves sufficiently efficient to scrape through the pe-
riodical examination which qualifies for increased wages.
Reference has been made to the fact that the older
generations of us look jealously on the opportunities of
the present. It is problematical, however, whether we
would have availed ourselves much more so of these ad-
ditional channels of knowledge than do the youth of to-
day. Competition is keener, and a higher standard of
competence is required, therefore while opportunities for
the acquirement of a more thorough practical and tech-
nical training are increased, they are not in any sense
superfiuous. The percentage acquired of the total know-
ledge available, has been and still is low comparatively
speaking, and while we would place no restriction on the
recreations of the present day apprentice, we suggest his
diligent application to and study of the problems of his
profession, so that at a period of 5 or 10 years earlier
in age than that of his predecessor of another generation,
he may have the mature experience at least, of the latter.
TRADE CONVENTIONS AN AID TO PROGRESS.
Within the last few days, two important conventions
have been held ; those of the National Machine Tool
Builders' Association at Atlantic City, and the American
Foundrymen's Association and allied bodies at Pittsburg.
The meetings of each are declared by competent judges to
have been the most successful in every sense of the appli-
cation of the word, of any previously held.
One feature that struck us, was the high quality and
wide range of subjects discussed by the authors of papers,
and the evidence of keen interest in them by the dele-
gates present. At the Foundrymen's Convention an ad-
ded attraction was the manufacturers' Exhibit, and we
feel safe in saying, that never before in the history of
the foundry, has such a visible, varied, valuable and mag-
nificent operating display of foundry equipment been
CANADIAN MACHINERY
167
brought to the notice of so large a representation of
foundry and general engineering delegates.
The exhibit showed the wonderfully rapid progress
that is being made in foundry engineering development,
and goes a long way to eliminate the idea most of us
have, that this department is not keeping pace with the
others to which it is allied. This annual convention, or
meeting place out in the open as it were,, has done and
is doing much to break down prejudice of the molder
against the use of automatic machinery, and to- convince
the manufacturer that observation by others of bis pro-
duct does more to raise its standard than would the care^
lul conservation by him of its supposedly valuable trade
secret.
We are glad to be able to speak commendingly of con-
vention work, elTecting as it does much relief to those
who bear the burden of bodily labor and increasing their
earning capacity together with those who employ them.
It is one of the most efficient factors in cementing a
pleasant relationship between employer and employe,
meeting as they do on common ground and realizing in a
way utterly impossible under ordinary work-a-day con-
ditions, that each is necessary to the other and has a
live personal regard for their mutual welfare.
EFFIENCY AND CONTENTMENT OF EMPLOYE.
In the business management section of the present is-
sue is to be found an article "Profitable Ethics," from
the pen of David Van Alstyne, vice-president, the Allis-
Chalmers Co., Milwaukee. With the sentiments expressed,
we are in general sympathy, yet we are disappointed to
find no reference made to, or panacea prescribed for that
large percentage of labor whose employment is more or
less intermittent, and who are treated by large public cor-
porations particularly, much in the same manner and
with probably less concern as to consequences, than any
of us treat the doffing or donning of some article of at-
tire.
It is no uncommon experience to read in the daily
press that some large corporation has discharged 500, 1,-
000 or 2,000 employes, part of a payroll of it may be,
four or five times these numbers. With a majority, such
is a frequently recurring incident of their existence, and
being so, must necessarily militate against all organized
efforts at high efficiency, no matter how skilfully applied
and directed. Organized systems to secure results in ef-
ficiency will not and cannot bear effectively on these men.
Pay them as high wages as you may, work them as hard
as you can, and you will look for their contentment with
a microscope, yet not find it. They do not realize that
the main springs of thq great corporation know them each
personally through their work, and cannot do so because
such knowledge docs not actually exist in their case in-
dividually. Of the employes who constitute the payroll,
irrespective of trade, weather or stock trading require-
ments, they form no part, and being sensible to their po-
sition, act and work accordingly. So long as men are
taken nn in great batches immediately some large con-
tract is secured, and discharged again as soon as it is
completed, just so long will inefficiency of performance
have to be borne, and natural and righteous discontent
be a serious factor of reckoning.
A man at his best must have an ambition, and in ad-
dition the opportunity for its exercise. The ambition is
his inherently and instinctively, yet it may be and is
stifled and killed outright by want of opportunity. The
opportunity is the gift of the employer and will in its
generous distribution be not wanting in generous returns.
Corporations or individuals who in their desire to gobble
up everything at sight, although the undertakings be far
in excess of the numerical strength and equipment capa-
city of their organization the year round, supply the con-
ditions of which we have spoken, and until some effective
remedy which will either modify or obliterate altogether
the possibility of any individual or body corporate doing
so, moral responsibility of the enTploye, his efficiency, bis
self-respect and contentment, will maintain a standard far
below that which our twentieth century progress and
civilization calls for.
THE ATTRIBUTE OF LOYALTY.
It is generally admitted that the first and main con-
sideration with the great majority of us, is to earn the
most comfortable competence attainable from our labor.
In doing this we may be more or less disloyal to our-
selves and to those whom we serve. Naturally, the man
who is disloyal to himself, cannot fail in exercising the
like spirit to his superiors, yea even his equals and in-
feriors. We sometimes remark that a certain individual
is foolish to his own Best interests, yet we don't mean to
imply the slightest suspicion of disloyalty. As a matter
of fact his fault may be, that he is "a good fellow," and
as such, no streak of the disloyal nature would be likely
to exist. There is nothing deliberate in bis foolishness,
although its effects may be hurtful to himself and his em-
ployer. The disloyal man on the other hand, acts with
studied deliberation, and looks for effects correspondingly.
He is in the abstract, selfish, nursing a grouch born of a
limited outlook, and is a decided acquisition in his ab-
sence, to any social function or to an employer's pay
roll.
Loyalty is not a onesided affair, however, although
in the relationship of master and servant, employer and
employe, the disposition is rather inclined to consider it
in this wise. We hear much of the loyalty or disloyalty
of the employe, and little of either on the part of the
employer. As subjects of the British Empire we need be
no more loyal to it and its King, than he be to us and
it. Correspondingly, there should be reciprocated loyalty
between master and servant, and only in its full and free
display by each, will the best results in efficiency be ob-
tained and the highest remuneration be secured by both
parties. Loyaly on the part of the employe need have
nothing cringing in its get-up, should be outspoken in its
demands when opportunity requires, and forbearing and
appreciative under adverse circumstances. Loyalty on the
part of the employer should " consist in a lively personal
interest in the employe's work and welfare, individually
or collectively as conditions permit, and the careful con-
sideration of requests and suggestions from that source.
There is a certain diffidence apparent in all lines of
business, on the question of proffering a request to an
employer for additional tangible recognition of service and
which is due to neither more nor less than uncertainty as
to how it will be taken. A suspicion exists that the em-
ployer will not be so loyal after refusing the request,
and will take the first opportunity of rewarding what we
opine was insolence shown and get rid of us altogether.
Such a conclusion is unfortunately a very natural
one, and we concentrate our efforts to forestall his in-
tent and get even with him. Our loyalty has vanished,
with or without justification, and the training of years
has been sacrificed. An old saying, "that there are good
and bad of every sort" seems to us peculiarly applicable
to this feature of loyalty to which we have referred, and
our experience has been, over a goodly number of years
and a fair sprinkling of individual employers, that even
after a request refused they are still to be trusted.
POWER EQUIPMENT & APPLICATION
Expert Descriptive Articles Dealing with Selection and Purchase of Most Suitable Power
Equipment for All Purposes, its Proper Application, Installation, Operation and Treatment.
DOUBLE HELICAL GEARING.
Double helical gears have been made
(or manv vcars with cast teeth, and ex-
tensively adopted for certain classes of
heavy work where strength is the C.rsl
consideration; but owing to the practical
difficilties of making them with machine-
cut teeth, thev had been superseded lor
high-speed work by machine-cut gears
with straight teeth. During the last
few years, however, the cutting of
double helical teeth has been consider-
ably developed, and they are now pro-
duced with the same facility as straight-
toothed gears.
When correctly designed and accurate-
ly cut, double helical gearing possesses
advantages both in principle and utility
unobtainable from any other type. The
advantages may be briefly summarized
as follows. 1. Continuity of engagement,
which eliminates vibration and enables
a greater load to be transmitted. 2.
Pinions with a small number of teeth
(say 4 or 5) can be used, and in this way
high ratios can be obtained without us-
ing a wheel of abnormal diameter. 3.
A higher efficiency than in the case of
straight-toothed gearing is obtained,
particularly when the number of teeth
in the pinion is small, due to the dif-
ferent action of the teeth during en-
gagement. In straight-cut gears the
line of contact lies parallel to the axis
of rotation, consequently the phases of
engagement are constantly changing, and
the action is uneven. With double heli-
cal gearing the line of contact is a curve
extending diagonally across the tooth,
and all phases of engagement occur
simultaneously. 4. Silent running at
high speed is obtained, owing to the
gradual engagement and absence of vib-
ration. There is no necessity for using
soft pinion materials, such as rawhide or
fiber.
Suitable Materials
As regards suitable materials, it is
generally found that a forged-steel pin-
ion gearing with a cast-iron wheel gives
the best results. In certain cases where
sudden overloads may be expected, pin-
ions made from high carbon or nickel
steel, gearing with cast-iron wheels can
be advantageously used. There are two
systems of cutting double helical wheels
from solid blanks. One depends on the
use of end mills made to correspond to
the space to be cut, and the other is
a generating process, in which hobs,
similar to those us<>d for cutting worm
wheels, are used. In the former system
the same toe' cuts both the right and
left hanJ portions of the teeth. The
mechanism in the machine for giving the
lead to the blank has therefore to be
reversed when the tool reaches the
centre.
The use of end mills for this work en-
tails some disadvantages, as these tools
cut slowly and wear out quickly. Be-
sides this, when reversing at the centre
a radius is left by the tool at the place
where the blank leaves the cutter when
changing its direction of rotation. This
radius should theoretically be a sharp
corner, and unless some compromise is
effected, it fouls the point or apex of
the tooth which is intended to gear with
it. .\s a consequence the point of the
tooth must be chipped or filed ofl by
hand, otherwise the radius must be re-
cessed by a special tool in a separate
operation, after the 'cutting of the teeth
has been completed.
Generating System
The generating system by means of
hobs is a continuous process. Two hobs
are u.sed, one right-hand and one left-
hand thread; these respectively cut the
right and left hand portions of the
teeth. The shape of the hob threads is
made to correspond to a rack tooth,
and they are both geared with the blank
so as to give the correct ratio for the
number of teeth to be cut. The machine
has also a special mechanism to give the
requisite lead to the blank for the desir-
ed helix.
Gears made by this system 'have the
teeth staggered — i.e., the tooth on one
side is opposite the space on the other.
This has a similar effect to halving the
pitch, and is in this way conducive to
smooth working with a small spiral
angle. A further advantage in this sys-
tem is the continuous rotation of both
the cutting tool and the blank, which
prevents backlash in the machine having
a deleterious effect. No intermittent
dividing mechanism is used, and there-
fore there is no risk of inaccuracies in
spacing, which are sometimes experienc-
ed with other processes.
The spiral angle should be as small as
is consistent with the attainment of
continuous engagement. In determining
this angle the proportion of the face
width to the pitch must be taken into
consideration. It is therefore usual to
adopt a certain spiral angle as a stand-
ard, and to make the face width a fixed
proportion of the pitch. The angles
generally adopted are 45 degrees and 23
degrees, with a face width of three and
six times the pitch respectively. A large
angle is generally considered to be a
disadvantage, because when running und-
er heavy pressure wedge action occurs
between the teeth in contact, causing
friction and decreased efficiency. It is
therefore advisable to use a small angle
and a comparatively wide face width.
The following particulars and formulae
are applicable to double helical gears
cut by the generating process, with a
spiral angle of 23 degrees and a face
width six times the pitch, for ratios up
to G to 1, afterwards increasing with
ratio.
Let i3=piteh in inches; P=tooth pres-
sure in pounds at the pitch line ; W==
width of face in inches; V=pitch line
velocity in feet per minute; r=ratio of
reduction ; K=permissible stress.
Then
B.H.P.X33,000 pWK
P= =
V 2
P
For ratios up to 6 to 1, p=V
3XK
For ratios between G and 10 to 1, W^rp
(r=ratio to one).
2.5P
p=V ■
rk
Projiortions of teeth: —
P
Thickness of tooth= —
o
A(l(len(lura=
I)e(Ien(lum=
0.89XP
.3.14
1.05XP
3.14
For ratios above 10 to 1 special treat-
ment is advisable, and no fixed rules
can be laid down. Each drive should he
considered with regard to the general
conditions.— Mechanical World.
PRODUCING IRON BY ELECTRICITY
On Nov. 15, 1910, the Swedish Gov-
ernment commenced operations in the
experimental production of pig iron by
electricity on a scale sufficiently large
to be considered of commercial magni-
tude and to approximate closely the
conditions of actual commercial manu-
facture. Without good coal, and facing
a rapid diminution in the supply of wood
available for charcoal, the Sw'edish iron
industry has felt that its salvation lies
in smelting with the cheap electric ener-
gy developed from the country's abund-
ant water-power.
CANADIAN MACHINEKY
169
A contract was entered into with the
directorate of the water-power at TroU-
hatten to take ;i,000 horse-power per an-
num for three years at $3,680 per year,
and this contract was guaranteed by the
Crown. The installation is designed to
produce about 20 tons of pig iron every
24 hours, or, with continuous operation,
7,300 tons per annum. About 30 men
are employed. The utmost secrecy pre-
vails regarding the operations, and no
official news of the results is expected
for some months. The local press, how-
ever, has stated that the operations of
the experimental plants have completely
fulfilled all expectations and have proved
that ore can be electrically reduced with
a saving of two-thirds of the coal used
in the old-style blast furnaces.
There .seems to be a feeling among iron
manufacturers that the experiments are
proving the practicability of the process,
and it is reported that other furnaces
are being planned. It is hoped that by
the end of 1911 there will be at least
four electrical blast furnaces in oper-
ation, producing at the rate of 30,000 to
3,5,000 tons of pig iron per year on a
consumption of 12,000 electrical horse-
power.
It is reported that tests have been
made of the Trollhatten electric pig iron
at a mill in Lotrop. Those tests proved •
that the wire intended for wire rope is
of specially even and good quality.
Correspondence
Comments on articles appearing in
Canadian Machinery will be cheerfully
welcomed, and letters containing useful
ideas will be paid for.
Information regarding manufacturers
of various lines, with their addresses
will be supplied either through these
columns or by letter, on reciuest. Ad-
dress letters to Canadian Machinery,
113-149 University Ave., Toronto.—
Editor.
,J. W. H., Wilbcrforce, Ont., asks in-
formation regarding books on running
steam drills, also sharpening and tem-
pering drills for hard rock work.
Use of Common Salt.
In answer to questions on page 107 of
the April issue of Canadian Machinery I
submit the following : —
(1) The nroner method for melting
common salt for heating tools or cast
steel, is to fuse it in a cast iron cru-
cible bricked in a furnace ; the operation
being as follows : — Cover the bottom of
the crucible about one-third inch deep
with soda solidly rammed down, and
fill this crucible up to the edge with com-
mon salt ; then heat until fusion is com-
plete. Now add gradlially to the melt,
enough common salt to fill the crucible,
and then add about 5 per cent, by vol-
ume of saltpetre and 10 to 15 per cent,
of potassium chromate.
Yellow prussiate of potash in small
pieces is added to the melt as required,
a larger quantity of it being used if the
cementing effect is to be increased. In
using the yellow prussiate of potash it
must be borne in mind that the vapors
evolved are very poisonous and should be
removed by a pipe.
(2) By the addition of a small quan-
tity of readily fusible soda (carbonate of
soda) and a small quantity of saltpetre
the fluidity of the melted mass is in-
creased.
(3) Common salt will become a fluid
at about 778 degs. by the use of car-
bonate of soda and a small quantity of
saltpetre, it will become fluid at a much
lower temperature.
(4) I would advise the use of common
salt.— I. S. Barkey.
Societies and Personal
W. E. Siler, shop engineer, C. N. R.,
Winnipeg, has taken a position as su-
perintendent at the Canadian Fairbanks
Co. plant, Farnliam, Quebec.
Arnold M. Bennett, chief chemist, the
Montreal Steel Works, Ltd.,, has been
appointed works manager with Catton
& Co. Yorkshire Steel Foundry, Leeds,
England, and sails by steamer "Me-
gantic" on 8th .luly from Montreal. Mr.
Bennett has been with the Montreal
Steel Works since Nov. 1905, and pre-
viously held the position of chief chem-
ist with Samuel Osborn & Co., Sheffisld,
England, for seven years.
* * *
A compIim,entary banquet was tender-
ed Mr. John McClary, London's greatest
captain of industry, at the Tecumseh
House recently, by the Board of
Trade. Over one hundred of the business
and professional men of the city were
present to honor the guest. An illumin-
ated address was presented to Mr. Mc-
Clary. Short speeches of congratulation
wero made by President Reason, Sir
George Gibbons and Mayor Beattie.
Dr. Reason presided, and he tendered
Mr. McClary the congratulations of the
Board of Trade
* ♦ *
It is announced that the annual con-
vention of the Canadian Electrical As-
sociation will take place this year at
NTiagara Falls. Ont., on the 21st, 22nd
and 23rd of .lune. It was the original
intention of the managing committee to
bold the convention in Winnipeg, but it
is felt that it would be better to post-
pone the holding of such a gathering in
that city until the association becomes
better organized in tl:e West. The last
convention at Niagara Falls was in 190fi.
Then some of the great power plants
were only in progress of construction.
Visitors wiJl now be able to see them
under different conditions. Mr. W. L.
Adams, of the Ontario Power Company,
Niagara P'alls, has been appointed chair-
man of the committee of arrangements,
and Mr. W.. A. Martin, assistant general
manager of the Toronto P^lectric Light
Company, chairman of the papers com-
mittee.
• * •
The ninth semi-annual convention of
the National Machine Tool Builders' As-
sociation, held at Atlantic City, N J ,
Thursday and Friday, May 18 and Jt',
was a notable meeting, the papers and
discussions being of exceptional vaiuc to
those in the machine tool making indus-
try. It was the eighteenth conventicm
the organization has held. An indication
of its success is contained in the remarks
of Murray Shipley, Lodge & Shipley
Machine Tool Company, Cincinnati, who
at the end of the third session, in pro-
posing a rising vote of thanks to the
speakers, remarked : "This convention
is the most successful the association
has ever held, inasmuch as the papers
presented and their discussion have
brought us particularly close to the
great problems in our business." There
were about 150 members and visitors in
attendance at the meeting, and remark-
ably few of them neglected any of the
sessions. A large measure of the .success
of the meeting was due to the very effi-
cient manner in which President F. A.
Geier conducted the programme, with
the able assistance of secretary C. E.
Hildreth.
Gossip of the Trade.
The Canadian Fairbairks Co. has been
awarded the contract for the largest
automatic grain-weighing scales yet
built, by the Montreal Harbor Commis-
sioners for their new two million bushel
elevator, No. 2. Fourteen automatic
weighers make up the contract, and in-
stallation is required before the open-
ing of navigation in the spring of 1912.
The new installation will require the ser-
vices of one man only in attendance.
The John Inglis Co., Strachan Ave.,
Toronto, are negotiating the purchase of
a piece of land adjacent to their works,
on which to erect a large and up-to-date
grey iron foundry. With this additional
departmental capacity, their plant .will
be moi-e able to eope with the inerear-
ing demand for heavy machinery manu-
facture, and rapid and economical pro-
duction.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
PROFITABLE ETHICS.*
David Van Alstyne.**
Business is war and money-making is
and always has been the chief motive oi
all eflorts at progress. In the present
organization of society it is inevitable
that money-getting shall be primarily
our inspiration, and indeed it is doubt-
ful if any other motive will ever be
practicable, despite the Utopian program
of the socialists who are looking for-
ward to the time when the love of
achievement will be our inspiration and
the getting of money unnecessary. On the
other hand, unrestricted money-making
like any other dissipation overdone, is
not good for the health of the body
politic. The chief manifestation of the
disease is in the extremes of wealth and
poverty; the former of which is unneces-
sary, and the latter ethically and there-
fore morally wrong. Because poverty is
wrong it will not be permitted to con-
tinue always.
Potent Factors of Progress.
Among the factors of progress in our
social organization, perhaps the most
potent are the employers of labor, the
managers of men. The power of the
church, of sociologists and philanthrop-
ists to bring about needed reform is in-
significent in comparison with that of
employers. The social reformer, who
would effect his reforms through the
employer, is confronted with the task of
increasing the employes' wages and at
the same time increasing the employer's
profits. It is the instinctive desire of
every employer to promote the welfare
of his employes to the fullest possible
extent as long as it does not interfere
with his profits. His philanthropy and
good will do not extend much beyond
this. Maximum output, lowest cost of
production and highest wages can be ac-
complished through accurate knowledge
of what every detail of the business ac-
tually is, the determination of what it
should be, and the bringing of the actual
to the standard and keeping it there.
In proportion to the increases in magni-
tude of the business the importance of
the personality of the leader decreases,
but the system and organization through
which he exercises his personalty, in-
creases. It is through a systematic con-
trol of employes of the rank and lilc
that he reduces waste of time and ma-
terial, rather than through his personal
•Ahutract of paper prespiitert before the
f'-ncroxs of Te<hniilri(fy nt the Fiftieth Aniil-
rerx.iry of the firnntlnf; of the Charter of the
MnHH.ir-haftettx InHtltiite of Tefhnolojfjr.
••Vlee-I're»iltlent. AlllK-ChamhcrH Co., Mil-
waukee, Wis.
influence over his immediate subordin-
ates. The measure of the efficiency of an
organization is the extent to which the
enthusiasm of the individuals in it is
maintained through the organization and
not through the personalty of the man
at the head of it.
Of- promoters or captains of industry
whose far-sightedness indicates where
development is needed and where money
can be made, there is no lack; but mana-
gers who will patiently standarize each
detail in the operation of their business
and get the maximum out of it, are ex-
ceedingly scarce. Under detail-control
management, as little as possible is left
to individual judgment, but the move-
ments of every man, every piece of ma-
terial, and the expenditure of every dol-
lar are guided according to a pre-
arranged schedule. Not the least asset
created by the management which has
accurate record of the individual, is the
impression made upon the employe that
the highest officials know of him per-
sonally ; that he is less subject to the
whims and prejudices of his immediate
superior and that he is recognized as
an essential part of the organization,
which arouses an enthusiasm that con-
not be too highly valued.
Employer and Trade Unionism.
Management through control of details
takes advantage of the fact that few
men know how to work efficiently iind
few employers know definitely what they
should expect of their employes or their
money otherwise expended. Men do
not object to hard work if they are well
paid and contented, and the harder they
work within reasonable limits, the more
contented they are. Whenever the em-
ployer can create the feeling that the
sole object of his official existence is to
get the most out of his employes for
the money invested in them, and that
he realizes this can be done only with the
best paid, most thoroughly contented
employes, he has won his point and need
waste no further effort to destroy
Unionism. He will find that he has ac-
complished all that is necessary or de-
sirable in modifying radical Unionism
and that it is as much appreciated by
employes as employers.
Assuming that detail-control will pro-
duce and maintain maximum ottput,
better quality, lowest cost, higher wapcs
and contented employes, and that as a
consequence, it meets with the approval
and support of employers, what results
may we not be justified in looking for
toward an amelioration of some of the
social evils which exist to-day, chief of
which is the extremes of wealth and
poverty ? It is true that when all con-
cerns in the same business are equally
well managed, no one of them will have
an advantage and the same competitive
conditions will exist as before ; but the
next step forward will be from a higher
plane.
Is it not safe to conclude that those
employers who have had the experience
and the profit, will be convinced that
the most ethically conducted business is
the most profitable, and will it not be a
definite and concrete way of getting into
practical use those theoretical ideals so
attentively listened to on Sundays, but
so regularly forgotten on week days?
Every man who is willing to work is
entitled to a living, and no man is en-
titled to so much, that somebody else
must go hungry.
HANDLING MATERIALS AND MA-
CHINERY.
In spite of the many and strenuous
efforts which are made, from time to
time, to systematize manufacturing es-
tablishments and to reduce the cost of
production, it is almost impossible to
go in the average shops without being
impressed with the opportunities tor re-
ducing the cost of handling material to
a considerable extent.
Work from the screw machine will be
tossed promiscuously into barrels or
boxes, so that it must be handled many
times between the start and finish of
its journey through the shop. Larger
work is piled on the shop floor and must
be moved from here to other depart-
ments either by hand or by being loaded
on trucks and again unloaded at the
other end.
Heavy machines are moved from place
to place by rollers under the skids,
coupled with a liberal use of crowbars
and profanity. This is particularly true
of machinery salesrooms, many of which
sell cranes and conveying machinery.
The cost of loading and unloading ma-
chines from drays in the usual way is a
much larger item than we might be will-
ing to believe if we looked into the
matter carefully.
Some shops where this has been con-
sidered to some extent, make it a point
to have the product of any machine
placed directly on a substantial shop
truck so that it can go to the next de-
partment without further handling or
delay. This is done either in boxes or
in racks, according to the nature of the
work, but in either case there is a dis-
tinct gain in time over the other me-
thod. There is also likely to be much
CANADIAN MACHINERY
171
less damage to the work itself, and, be-
sides reducing the actual handling cost,
it avoids delay between departments
which is not only exasperating but also
expensive. — American Machinist.
AN OBJECT LESSON IN EFFI-
CIENCY.*
Reporting the working out of one of
the most notable examples in this coun-
try of "Scientific Management" accord-
ing to the "Taylor system," Wilfrid
Lewis, president of the Tabor Mfg. Co.
of Philadelphia, described the state of
his company "before and after," and
gave many details of the transition from
failure to success. Mr. Lewis in describ-
ing his entrance into the Tabor Com-
pany eleven years ago, said : "I was
advised by my well-wishers to keep an
open shop and keep down the number of
clerks or non-producers. Success I was
told depended upon the ratio of pro-
ducers to non-producers in any well
managed concern. Draftsmen were re-
cognized as a necessary evil, the fewer
of them the better, and one good super-
intendent to lay out the work and keep
it moving through the shop, was con-
sidered quite enough. In fact, to the
casual observer, we had hardly enough
work to keep a good man busy and we
did not appreciate the need of better
shop management until our growing bus-
iness began to show increasing losses.
Before we were aware of any dissatis-
faction and within a year of the open-
ing of our shop, we were surprised by a
general strike for higher wages and
shorter hours. Our unguardedness or
lack of management had encouraged our
men to combine against u& and make
unreasonable demands. We were then
paying them more than they earned and
they insisted upon having still more,
which simply meant ruin to the com-
pany in a short time. Our strike was
compromised by the concession of
shorter hours at the same pay, the men
agreeing to turn out the same amount
of work per day. There was no diffi-
culty about their doing this, and for a
time I believe they kept their prom-
ise, but a day's work was then with us
as it is now with nearly the whole
world of industry, a variable and inde-
finite result for a given expenditure of
time or money. We had no standard by
which a proper day's work could be fix-
ed except the very shaky and misleading
one of the best that had been done be-
fore, and having as we were now well
aware, an organized resistance against
any increase in out-put or efficiency to
meet, the outlook for the company was
not encouraging. At the same time we
knew that machines had been built by
others for less than they were costing
•Prpscnted before the Congress of Technol-
ogy at the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Grant-
ing of the Charter of the Massafhusetts Insti-
tute of Technology.
us, and we felt confident that a way
could be found out of our difficulties.
The firm took up the Taylor system ;
the launching of the new order being im-
mediately in the hands of Barth, one of
Taylor's assistants at Bethlehem. The
directors of the company soon split over
the issue, and the anti-Taylor members
finally solved part of the problem by
withdrawing from the company. Mr.
Barth was obliged, as he proceeded in
his work, to call for more and more as-
assistance and as new men were added
to our planning department, the cost of
the new system began to draw so heav-
ily upon our resources that for a year
or two we seemed to be actually losing
ground, and we certainly would have
been obliged to suspend but for the grit
and determination of Dr. Taylor, who
had the courage of his convictions and
carried us through the storm, which cul-
minated in the resignation and with-
drawal of the opposing forces.
From this time forward conditions be-
gan to improve, and the work begun by
Barth and continued by Hathaway, who
is now vice-president of our company,
began to bear fruit. It was not long
before we ceased to lose money, broke
even and began to gain. A better
spirit prevailed, better vvages were
earned, and production increased so
rapidly that I was lost in astonishment
at the potency of the engine gratuitous-
ly placed in my hands through the good
offices of my life-long friend. We had in
effect been installing at great expense a
new and wonderful means for increasing
the efficiency of labor, in the benefits of
which the workman himself shared, and
we have to-day an organization second
I believe to none in its loyalty, efficiency
and steadfastness of purpose.
In 1910 The Tabor Mfg. Co. turned
out 2^ times as much value in finished
product as it ever did under the old re-
gime with the same force. Formerly
for every ten men engaged as producers
or "chipmakers," as Dodge defines them,
we had not more than one man connect-
ed with the shop as a non-producer.
Now we have fewer men at machines
with three times as many non-producers
turning out practically three times as
much work, because prices are lower to-
day than they were five or six years
ago, and 2J- times the value means about
three times the product.
We pay better wages for fuller and
better results performed in a definite
way, and yet there is no driving in the
ordinary sense of the word. The tasks
assigned to the workmen are easily
within their ability to perform, and
when new work is given out as occas-
ionally happens at day rates, before the
time on the. job has been set, nobody
wants to take it because there is no
bonus attached for its quick and accur-
ate performance.
HOW TO SAVE $1,000,000.
The part "little things" play iu the
operation of a great railroad is well
brought out in a circular recently issued
to the employes of a large railroad sys-
tem. The circular states : "You are one
of about 50,000 employes. Can you save
5 cents a day for the company? That is
only $1.50 a month. A few spikes,
bolts, etc., saved, or material not re-
placed until full use has been obtained,
will turn the trick for track men. Train
and yard crews watching every move
and not wasting their time will do their
share. F'ngincmen can easily use a few
less shovefuls of coal and make a better
showing. Station and telegraph em-
ployes by being prompt on the wires,
and careful handling of freight will save
delay to trains and reduce claims. Of-
fice men can reduce unnecessary wires
and correspondence, save stationery and
postage. Shop men have many ways of
saving time and materials. Everyone
can help and some can help others. A
small saving by each employe spells
prosperity. Prosperity hires more men
and pays better wages than hard
times."
THE GENERAL SUPPLY! CO., OF
CANADA, LIMITED.
The General Supply Co., of Canada,
115 to 125 Adelaide street west, Tor-
onto, with head office at Ottawa, Ont.,
and western branch at Winnipeg, Man.,
is making rapid progress in the exten-
sion and increase of its business amotig
the large and small manufacturing cor-
porations and companies throughout the
Dominion.
Mr. C. R. Medland. Toronto branch
manager, informed our representative
that since opening up at the beginning
of the year, their sales have exceeded
the highest expectations. Their staff
has growji from two to twelve, and not
the least important addition has been
that of A. E. Juhler, late sales repre-
sentative of London Machine Tool Co.
Mr. Juhler takes care of the machine tool
sales, and his former experience in this
direction makes him a valuable acquisi-
tion. Mr. T. C. MacDonald looks after
the smaller supplies, and he, too. is a
thoroughly experienced man in this de-
partment.
No expense has been spared in secur-
ing the most competent men to manage
the various departments, and every care
has been taken in the selection of a full
and reliable line of engineers' and gen-
eral manufacturers' supplies. In addi-
tion to a steady demand for moderate
daily quantities, Mr. Medland reports
contracts for installations of the com-
plete equipment for various new mills
and factories.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
LIGHT ELBOW PIPES — GREEN
SAND CORES.
By .lohn H. Easthan.
Light elbow and other connections for
heating apparatus or similar purposes
can be made a paying line where a
steady sale is possible, by a small ini-
tial outlay on patterns and rigging.
Well-tittcd iron boxes are advisable, with
a minimum of play in pins.
Patterns should be made in halves,
and of metal, with short dowel pins to
avoid twisted castings. A good open
grade of sand is essential to release
vents from cores easily and prevent risk
of loss through blown castings.
On a good flat turnover board, lay
core bar with prods upwards ; cover
this with bottom halves of patterns.
Place vent strings as shown in sketch;
slightly damp top halves of patterns,
ram them hard full of sand, strickle off
level, cut out ridges for vents, and turn
them over smartly on to bottom halves.
Make joint sloping up to ends of pat-
terns, and wet parting sand up to top.
To ensure clean lift, ram up cope and
lift olT with one screw in each pattern
to remove them from core at same time.
Cut away clear, T handles on core bar
and take out core, placing it on soft
sand bed or on two weights in the case
of larger size pipes.
When pipes exceed 1-inch in thickness,
a few shavings burnt under core to skin
dry it a little is beneficial ; but if a
good sized .vent is ii.sed, this is not ab-
solutely necessary. Draw bottom halves
O^f \ o
Light Elbow Pipes— Green Sand Cores.
ram up drag and turn over in usual way.
Cut out bottom joint from ends of pat-
terns to shape of core bar, allowing a
little ramming room, and line up with
wet parting sand to level of box edge.
Lay a little sand in patterns, and place
core bar, (clay washed) into position.
Tap or rub core bar down as low as
possible, to secure clean lift when re-
moving core, and ram up to joint level.
of patterns, and cut runners as shown
in sketch, no risers being required. Lit-
tle or no finishing should be needed.
Dust a little charcoal blacking on mold,
put core back into place, and close.
Hot iron and clean skimming are es-
sential to obtain good results, and a
percentage of 1 part coal dust to 7
parts sand in cores, will assist air to
escape and also give smooth surface to
inside of pipes. When shaking out, a
few taps will clear core and core bar
from castings ; a single blow being suffi-
cient to break core iron, owing to weak
place shown at bend of elbow. By this
system castings are obtained true to
pattern, and cost of fettling consider-
ably reduced. With a little practice a
boy of 17 years will turn out a sur-
prising quantity per day. When box
bars follow patterns, no gaggers or
soldiers are needed ; the main points to
remember being, not to work sand too
damp, and to employ a good open vent
in everv instance.
HARDENING AND MIXTURE FOR
CAST IRON.
By William Barrow, Montreal.
The usual method of hardening a
small quantity of iron is to sift pow-
dered ferro-manganese into it as it
conies from the cupola spout. The hard-
ening effect is not great, but it gives a
closer grain to the iron. To ensure a
harder mixture, 10 to 2r) per cent, of
car wheel scrap .should be added to the
charge in the cupola. A small quantity
of sulphur in the ladle produces white
iron, but usually too hard for most
purposes. If you find that silicon is
high in your mixture, try one part sul-
phur to '15 parts iron. The result will
be a hard but by no means white iron.
Most foundrymen have a dislike to the
use of sulphur, but under the above con-
ditions it will prove beneficial. It may
be noted that cast iron should contain
few impurities, especially tree carbon
which interrupts the crystalline con-
tinuity of Its structure.
Strength of Cast Iron.
Generally speaking, cast iron has an
ultimate tensile strength of 18,000 to
21,000 pounds per sq. inch., and is not
losing so much ground as people think,
because it is possible for a foundry to
turn out an iron having a tensile
strength of 34,000 to 35,000 pounds per
sq. inch with a density of 7.28. This
goes to show that the material is cap-
able of competing with steel in many
ways. The mistake most often made
when high quality castings are required,
is that of mixing high and low silicon
irons. For strength and durability, the
silicon and carbon should be both as
low as possible ; the hardness being tak-
en care of by mixture of sulphur, man-
ganese and phosphorus. Occasion arises
to say, why cannot silicon be used to
give fluidity, if silicon is the key to suc-
cess in producing this robust material ?
CANADIAN MACHINERY
173
We reply that the fluidity caused by
silicon is only great while it lasts, be-
ing narrow in range and rapid in solid-
ification.
To obtain good grade castings then,
the iron should be low both in silicon
and carbon, but have a fair measure of
manganese and phosphorus. Sulphur
may be of higher percentage than the
general limit allowed by the analyst.
Highly satisfactory results are obtain-
ed from the following :
Bearclifle Pig 22 per cent.
Cold Blast 27 per cent.
Selected Gray Scrap 2.3 per cent.
Frodair Pig 28 per cent.
The above irons are all melted in
Europe. BcarclifTe is a rather tough
iron of good class Hematite and car-
ries about 1 per cent, of silicon, about
the same of carbon and is low in phos-
pliorus, sulphur and manganese. Fro-
dair is a dark iron carrying low silicon
and extra low carbon, but melting hot
and fluid by reason of a fairly high per-
centage of manganese and phosphorus
Its sulphur ranges from 0.08 to 0.10
The scrap iron was not analysed but
was judged to be low in silicon and
carbon, and medium in phosphorus an,l
manganese.
In tlic mixture, 28 per cent Frodair
has been taken to make sure oi the head
and fluidity of metal. As a really low
carbon basis for a specification, 22 per
cent Bearcliffe will keep phosphorus
within safe limits and ensure fluidity
with its manganese. Cold blast is ad-
ded to return carbon which has been
lowered by RearcIifTe. It also serves
to keep sulphur within safe limits, and
guards against extreme hardness. The
two latter secure strength and tough-,
ness in the mixture. It will be noted
that all have about equual silicon, con-
sequently it will be seen that for many
purposes, cast iron will answer for
steel. The all important point is to
have a rapid and hot melt.
Cupola Blast.
Many foundries suffer from insufficient
blast, and thereby fail to obtain sche-
duled capacity. This is a fault capable
of being remedied. Allow 3.3,000 cubic
feet of air for every ton of metal melt-
ed, and figure the quantity of air per
minute the fan should deliver in propor-
tion to the limited capacity of the cu-
pola ; then install a fan that will pro-
duce and convey easily this amount of
blast to the furnace, taking care that
wind box and tuyeres are of sufficient
area. A pressure gauge should be placed
on the wind pipe where it joins the fan
casing, to determine the amount of air
being delivered. A certain amount of
loss will result from friction in the
pipes and attachments.
Better results in density and strength
will be got when the iron is cast hot,
as the greater the fluidity the more
complete will be the escape of gases.
Again the hotter the poured iron, the
more rapid the cooling' process ; because
the temperature will vary over a wider
range in a given time.
PATTERNMAKER'S HANDSCREW
RACK.
By II. J. McCaslin.
A common sight in pattern shops is to
see hand -screws on the wall, on and un-
der the benches, on the floor, and, in
fact, everywhere there happens a corner
to throw them. Every patternmaker
knows that unless a place is provided,
handscrews have a peculiar way of get-
ting mixed up with everything else.
Herewith is shown two racks that
have been in use for some years. With.
two of them placed near each end of
NEED OF VENTILATION FOR BRASS
FOUNDRIES.
A commission on occupational diseases
appointed by the Illinois legislature,
made a comprehensive report in Janu-
ary. Its investigations covered lead
poisoning, brass poisoning, carbon mon-
oxide poisoning, the effect of compress-
ed and so-called work poisons in gen-
eral. In the brass trade, the workman
may be poisoned by fumes, but these
are controllable ; and the finding of the
Studies ill this detail is that brass
founders' ague is preventable. The
poorer varieties of brass have of course
a large proportion of zinc. Brass foun-
ders' ague, it is believed, is caused by
the sublimation products of zinc, and
therefore the foundries making the
I'litteriimakers' Haiidsurew Rack.
the shop, and with strict orders
that all clamps must be returned to
place immediately upon their removal
from work, very little of the afore-
mentioned trouble was experienced. A
great deal of the pattermakers' time
was saved for they knew where to look
for the clamps when they were required
for a job.
The racks were mounted upon casters
and can therefore be rolled to any part
of the shop. This was found to be a
convenient feature when glueing up large
stock, or glueing up segmental work
upon the face plate when clamps are re-
quired at intervals. It will be seen that
the central part of the rack is designed
to receive various size wood clamps,
while each end is fitted with a bar for
iron clamps.
cheaper grades are more dangerous to
work in than those making better
grades. In large foundries with good
\'entilation, either natural or artificial,
brass chills are practically never seen.
As tor actual conditions in Chicago,
only 4 of the 89 foundries visited could
be classed as well equipped and free
from trade sickness ; 63 were acknow-
ledged as the centres of trade sickness ;
7 more were suspected of being equally
bad.
A physical examination of 187 men,
representing 78 foundries, showed that
146 complained of some trade sickness,
15 of brass chills. As brass founders
handle lead, arsenic, antimony, phos-
phorus, and the cyanides, chills are not
the only form of illness to which they
are subject.
Foundrymen's Convention and Exhibit at Pittsburg
Whether Looked at from a Fraternal^ Educational or Business Point of View, the
Convention and Exhibit of the Americav Foundry men's Association and Allied
Bodies Must Rank as the Most Largely Attended, Most Extensively Progressive in
it^ Scope, and Most Sticcessful in its Conduct and Results, of the Many Previously
Held.
THE sixteenth annual convention o\
the American Fonndrymens ' As5u-
ciation, its allied bodies the Americau
Brass Founders' Association, the Asso-
ciated Foundry Foremen and Exhibit-
ors' Association was held in the Pitts-
burgh Ejcposition Buildings from May
23rd to 26th inclusive. On account of
the meetings of the American Soeicty
of Mechanical Engineers following im-
mediately thereafter, the exhibit re-
mained open and in operation until
June first
At no previous meeting was such a
wide range of machinery exhibited as at
this, and a most gratifying feature of
the exhibits this year is that practically
all of them were installed and in op-
eration when the doors were opened. V
very large number of moulding machines
were shown, and as indicative of the de
velopment in this direction, there was
an increased number and variety of jolt
ramming machines on exhibition. One
new tj-pe, attracting much attention.
was electrically driven. Core makins^
machines of various kinds, were alsj
plentiful.
The professional s?ssions opened in the
auditorium of the Exposition buildings.
Major J. T. Speer presiding. Cordial
addresses of welcome were given by rep -
resentatives of the city of Pittsburg and
the chamber of commerce, to which as
cordial a response was made by A. P
Howard, vice-president of the American
Foundrymen's Association. Major Speer
in his brief annual address, pointed out
that great strides had been made in the
past few years in the science and art of
founding as a result of co-operation and
interchange of ideas among foundrymen.
He also commented on the prevailing un-
satisfactory business conditions, but ex
pressed firm belief in an early return of
good times.
Dr. Richard Moldenke, secretary of
the American Foundrymen's Associa-
tion, in his annual report, said that for
the first time in the history of the or-
ganization, the transactions have been
sent to members hip in bound form. He
said that much progress has been made
in the development of the permanent
mold and in continuous melting practice.
His report showed a total membership
of 692 and a balance in the treasury of
.$1,.541.95.
N. K. B. Patch in his report as presi-
dent of the American Brass Founders'
Association laid emphasis on the fact
that the appointment of an official
chemist had been made by them, and
that satisfactory results and returw
might be confidently looked for in the
future. The report of Secretary Corse
showed a gain in membership, which
now amounts to 287, and a cash balance
of $94.88 after disbursements during the
year of $1,386.59.
Regret was expressed at having to re-
cord the recent deaths of two prominent
members of the Exhibitors' Association,
in the persons of W. W. Sly, president
of the W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland.
O., and A. N. Spencer, vice-president of
the Olivery Machinery Co., Gran i
Rapids, Mich., both of whom had made
arrangements to attend the convention
this year as usual. Resolutions of con-
dolence were ordered to be drafted, for
sending to the bereaved families and for
entry in the minutes of the association.
The reading of papers enumerated in
our previous issue and to be published
in more or less detail in future issues of
Canadian Machinery and Canadian
Foundryman, formed an interesting anA
important feature of each day's pro-
ceedings of the various associations. In
this connection it is worthy of note that
those engaged in steel foundry work, had
fSxposltlon Buildings, Pittsburg. American Foundrymen's and Exliibltors' Association Convention.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
175
for the first time a session devoted en-
tirely to that particular department.
Among the works ' visits arranged and
fully taken advantage of by the dele-
gates were those of the Westinghouse
Air Brake Co., the Homestead Steel
Works and the Maesta Machine Co. The
recreative, amusement and social side of
the convention was provided for in thu
big league ball game between Pittsburg
and Cincinnati ball teams, the vaudeville
entertainment given by the Exhibitors'
Association, the dinner given the As-
sociated Foundry Foremen by the Pitts-
burg Foundry Foremen's Association,
and the open subscription dinner given
at the Fort Pitt Hotel.
While much attention was paid to the
requirements of the male delegates, the
ladies attending were in no way neglect-
ed. In addition to their presence at the
vaudeville entertainment, an automobile
ride with dinner at the Country Club,
and visits to the Carnegie Institute,
Margaret Morrison (Carnegie) School
and Phipps Conservatory, formed part
of their programme.
A gratifying feature was the large
and representative body of delegates
from Canada, bent on the idea of keep-
ing posted in the latest developments
of the foundry field, and who have car-
ried back to their respective shopg and
put into effect, the good things seen an.l
noted. Among tliose Canadian foundry-
men present we noticed : — J. A. Agnew,
Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., Toronto,
Ont. ; G. T. Baguley, Dominion Stove
Foundry Co., Toronto, Ont.; T. B. Ben-
nett, D. E. Maxwell & Sons, St. Mary's.
Ont.; Peter Bain, Canadian Foundry-
man, Toronto, Ont.; S. L. Chapman, Ont.
Wind Engine & Pump Co., Toronto
Ont.; S. B. Chadsey, Massey-IIarris Co.,
Toronto, Ont.; IT. W. Donald, Standard
Sanitary Mfg. Co., Toronto, Ont.;
J. H. Fryer, Gait Malleable Iron
Company, Gait, Ont.; H. Goodes,
John Inglis Co., Toronto, Ont.;
H. L. Gilline. Warden King Co., Mon-
treal, Que.; B. Geary Co., Americai
Abell Co., Toronto, Ont. ; ' W. R. Glas-
gow, Canadian Steel Foundries, Wel-
land, Ont.; H. Hertf elder, Dodge Mfg.
Co., Toronto, Ont.; A. R. Hockin, Tay-
lor-Forbes, Guelph, Ont.; W. G. Harris,
Canada Metal Co., Ltd., Toronto, Ont.;
H. V. Hamilton, The Steel Co. of Can-
ada, Hamilton, Ont. ; Thos Jenkins.
Dodge Mfg. €o., Toronto, Ont.; W. A.
Jackson, Steel & Radiator Co., Ltd.,
Toronto, Ont.; Matt. Kennedy, Jr., Wm.
Kennedy & Sons, Ltd., Owen Sound,
Ont.; M. Kelly, Western Foundry Co.,
Wingham, Ont.; H. 0. Kerr, Kerr En-
gine Co., Ltd., Walkerville, Ont.; A.
Knight, Canadian Northern R.R., Win-
nipeg, Man. ; P. Michael, The Dominion
Radiator Co., Toronto, Canada; R. R.
Mitchell, The Robert Mitchell Co. Ltd.,
Montreal, Canada; J. K. Moffat, The
Moffat Stove Co., Weston, Ont.; J. R.
Meadowcroft, The Garth Co., Montreal,
Canada; A. C. Morris, Ontario Wind
Engine & Pump Co., Toronto, Canada;
J. McLaren, Findley Bros., Carleton
Place, Ont.; A. J. Oliver, The R. Mc-
Dougal Co., Gait Canada; J. R. Phil-
lips, Pease Foundry Co., New Toronto,
Ontario; Chas: B. Phinn, Canadian
Westinghouse, Canada; J. R. Porter,
Empire Mfg. Co. Ltd., London, Ont.:
A. "J. Palmer, Empire Mfg. Co. Ltd.,
London, Ont.; N. K. B. Patch, Lumen
Bearing Co., West Toronto, Ont.; E.
B. Rouse, Warden King, Montreal;
James Shand, Dodge Mfg. Co., Toronto,
Can.; Robt. Saville, Taylor-Forbes Co.,
Canada; G. D. Smith, Canadian Steel
Foundry Co., Montreal, Que.; G. Ser-
vice, Steel & Radiator Ltd., Toronto,
Canada; H. V. Tyrell, Canadian Foun-
drvman, Toronto, Can.; T. W. Turne;'.
Allis-Chalmers-Bullock, Montreal; Sam
IT. Todd, Todd-Dominion Radiator Co..
Toronto, Canada; A. H. Tallman, Tall-
man Brass & Metallic, Hamilton, Can.;
A. M. Tait, Wortman & Ward Co., Lon-
don, Ont.; Frank White, The Geo. White
& Son.s Co., London, Ont.; Arthur G.
White, The Geo. White & Sons
Company, London, Ont.; Joseph
Wright, Dominion Radiator Co., Tor-
onto, Canada; Geo. Woods, Wm. Ken-
nedy & Sons, Ltd., Owen Sound, Ont.;
Geo. H. Weaver, Dominion Foundry
Supply Co., Montreal, Can.
Convention Closing.
Buffalo was chosen unanimously as the
next convention city, all the other cities
having withdrawn from the contest.
The American Foundrymen's Associ-
ation elected the following officers:
President, J. T. Speer, Pittsburg; sec-
retary and treasurer. Dr. Frederick Mol-
denke, Watchung, N. J.; Vice-Presi-
dents, F. V. Miles, Buffalo; Walter
Wood, Philadelphia; A. E. Howell,
Nashville, Tehn.; R. C. Bull, Granite
City, 111.; T. W. Sheriff, Milwaukee; D.
R. Lombard, Augusta, Ga. ; S. B. Chad-
sey, Toronto, Canada.
Officers elected by the American Brass
Founders' Association are: President, L.
W. Olsen, Mansfield, 0.; secretary and
treasurer, William N. Corse, Buffalo, N.
Y. Vice-presidents, for New York anl
New Jersey, John S. Thompson, Orford,
N. J. ; rolling mill district, R. T. Rob-
erts, Hastings on the Hudson, N. Y. ;
New England district, P. F. Augen-
braum, Stamford, Conn. ; Pennsylvania
district, G^ H. Clamer, Philadelphia;
Chicago district, R. C. Faunt, Chicago;
Michigan district, H. W. Gillette, De-
troit; Southern district, J. S. Sharp,
Chattanooga, Penn.; Ontario and West-
ern provinces, N. K. B. Patch, Toronto,
Canada; Quebec and Eastern provinces,
R. K. Mitchell, Montreal, Quebec.
The Associated Foundry Foremen
closed their convention by electing the
following officers: Robert B. Thompson,
Buffalo, president; William H. Woods,
Pittsburgh, vice-president; Hugh Mc-
Phee, of Tarrytown, N. Y., secretary-
treasurer. Mr. Woods is the president
of the Pittsburgh Foundrymen's Associ-
ation.
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To OoNvtNTiON Hall
Main Buildins
Plan of Main Exposition Building, Pittsburg, American Foundrymen's and Exhibitors' Association Convention.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Elstablishnjent or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.
Foundry and Marlilnp Shop.
TORONTO. ONT.— J. K. Brown has retired
from the retail furniture business and will
devote his entire attention to the Ontario
Brass & Copper Co., of New Toronto, of
which he Is owner and president. An exten-
sive addition will be made to the plant.
MONTREAL, QDE.— It is announced that
the contract for the dry dock here has been
definitely awarded to Vlckers' Sons & Maxim.
The subsidy to be paid to the contractors by
the Federal Governuient will be at the rate
of 3H per cent, on a capital outlay of $3,000.-
000 for thirty-eight years. The drydock will
have a lifting capacity of 25,000 tons, suffi-
cient to accommodate any vessel likely to use
the St. Lawrence route for many years to
come.
OTTAWA. ONT.— The Public Works De-
partment will call for tenders within a few
days for very extensive harbor works at St.
John, totalling in aggregate cost probably
four or five millions. There will be a dry
dock built with an extensive ship repairing
plant In connection. Docks will be built pro-
viding three berths for the G.T.P. ocean
steamship service. Several companies backed
by British capital are ready to tender for the
whole of the proposed works. The depart-
ment is also calling for tenders for an ex-
tension of the wharf at Champlain market.
Quel)ec, In connection with the National
Transcontinental Railway terminals.
KINGSTON. ONT.— The Canadian Locomo-
tive Co., of Kingston, has sold out to an Eng-
lish syndicate, composed chiefly. It is under-
stood, of Lord Glenconuer Darlborough Pryor,
J. lielgh Wood, and F.R.S. Balfour, who re-
cently visited Kingston to inspect the works,
^je price paid Is said to be large. At pres-
ent, the capital stock of the company is $^M.-
000. This will be substantially increased. The
company has a capacity of three locomotives
a week.
Ql'EBEC, QUE. — The greatest railway work-
shops in Canada outside of Winnipeg will lie
erected within a few miles of Quebec City in
connection with the Grand Trunk Pacific, ac-
cording to plans presented. Tenders for the
shops will be called for as soon as details arc
arranged.
VAXCOL'VER, B.C.— An English company,
with a Vancouver board of directors, will, in
a few days, be registered with a capital of
J20,000.000 to start and carry on business at
Pitt Meadows.
The object of the company Is to acquire
large ore and coal lands, the latter on Van-
couver Island, and a site on which the neces-
sary works will be erected. Blast and open
hearth steel furnaces, and rolling mills, are to
be part of the plant. W. Owen, M. E., of
London, England, Is handling the project. The
plant and machinery are to he brought from
Europe, and will consist of blast furnaces,
open hearth steel furnaces and rolling mills
on a very large scale, and there will also be
foundry and engineering shops for renewals
and repairs. At least, .'1,000 men are to be
employed. The full capacity of the works
will be 1,000 tons a day, and the company
calculate on 2.^,000 tons a year In finished
products. This conservative estimate would
still leave easy room for an additional ."jO.OOO
tons.
ORILLIA. ONT.— The Tudhope Motor Co.
recently purchased an Oxy-Blaugas weld-
ing outfit from W. Beal. f>xy-Bl:iugas
mixed with oxygen, produces a terrific heat
and melts any metal. Thus metal pieces can
be welded together without hammering and
without the use of another metal. The outfit
Is portable and light, and can be carried from
room to room or from shop to shop, as re-
qnlred. It Is easy to operate for welding,
brazing, soldering, etc., and requires no care
other than replacing empty bottles by full
ones.
PETERBORO', ONT.— As the result of a
fire breaking out In the old bridge works
here. $30,000 damage was done. The works
are now a total wreck.
PEMBROKE. ONT.— In an effort to get the
r.N.R. shops to locate here, the Town Council
has app'dnted a committee to Interview the
railway officials and point out the town's ad-
vantage*.
The Oliver Plow Works, Hamilton, Ont.,
have* awarded to H. Christman & Co., of South
Bend, Ind., contracts for two more large
buildings. One is the paint building, 64 by
390 feet, three storeys high, which will be re-
inforced concrete, costing about ,$100,000, and
an office building, two storeys and basement,
46 by 101, costing $30,000. As soon as these
are completed, two foundry buildings, an im-
mense warehouse and a forge shop will be
erected.
INGEUROLL, ONT.— The ,Tohn Morrow
Screw, Limited, are preparing to expend $150,-
000 on their plant here.
OTTAWA, ONT.— Hon. Mr. Pugsley has giv-
en notice of a resolution calling for the rati-
fication of an agreement between the Govern-
ment and the Collingwood Shipbuilding Co.,
for the construction of a iry-dock at Colling-
wood. The agreement provides that the
Government may pay the company a subsidy
of three per cent, for twenty years upon
?i306.!)fi.5. the cost of the dry-dock.
PRESTON, ONT.— The Car & Coach Co. are
building another erecting shop, and what Is
now known as No. 1 shop will be converted
into a mill and machine shop.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Pacific Marine En-
gineering Co. have completed a new factory
and are manufacturing power and sail yachts
of all types up to 90 feet. The mechanical
equipment is thoroughly up-to-date. A large
number of skilled mechanics and machinists
are employed by the firm, which promises to
he an important factor in the boat-liuilding
industry.
REGINA, SASK.— The Farmers' Steel and
Wire Co. are about ready to start manufac-
turing farm, field and ornamental fences. It
is their intention to enlarge the present plant
if business warrants, and also start a bed-
spring factory.
GUELPH, ONT.— The rumor that tlie Page-
Hersey Co. will move their Guelph plant to
Weliand is evidently erroneous. At present,
they arc erecting two large storehouses and
are Installing new machinery.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— An early start will be
made on the construction of the big, l.'i.OOO-ton
steel floating dry-dock to he located near
Roche Point at the entrjince to the North
Arm of the Inlet. Cable advices have been
received from the firm of prominent capital-
ists who are supplying the capital required
for the local dry-dock, which will be built on
the Tyne and shipped out here, to the effect
tliat these capitalists had taken over the
assets of the old Vancouver Dry-dock Co.,
organized some years ago. In taking over
the old company the promoters had increased
its capital to Jfl, 500.000. Arrangements have
been made by the organized company to com-
mence operations in time to receive the
Dominion Government subsidy granted some
time ago, for the construction of a dry-dock
of the second class as approved and suitable
for naval requirements.
TORONTO, ONT.--The Lake Superior Cor-
poration has formed another comnany under
the name of The Superior Rolling Stock Co.,
Limited. The new company, as its name in-
dicates, will manuf.icture locomotives, cars,
rolling stock, etc. The authorized capitaliza-
tion is one million dollars, and the provision-
al directors include Thomas Gibson, general
counsel for the corporation.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— The Port Arthur
Wagon Works Co. nnnounce that building
operations will at once he commenced for
their big plant here which will turn out 250
wagons per week.
CHATHAM. N.B.— Miller's Foundry has
l)een moved to make room for railroad pur-
poses. Both the machine shop and moulding
shop have been rearranged.
TORONTO, ONT.— An American firm, the
York Safe & Lock Co., of York, Pa., has se-
cured the contract for the erection of the
vaults In the new million-dollar Bank of Tor-
onto Building. This means that Canadian
vault builders and workM)cn have lost a con-
tract amounting to about $150,000.
ALBERNI. B.C. — A survey has been made
for the E. & N. Railway's roundhouse and
machine ahon to be located on Lupsle Cupsie
Point, near here.
SAITLT STE. MARIE, ONT, -In a dis-
astrous fire at the charcoal plant of the
Standard Chemical Iron & Lumber Co., Steel-
ton, the entire retort plant was destroyed
and is a total loss. The damage will reach
many thousands, covered by insurance. It
will be re-built.
POUT ARTHUR, ONT.— J. S. Small, of De-
troit, is conferring with the civic industrial
committee with the view of establishing an
automobile factory here.
MAHONE, N.S.— A. E. Ernst, son of B. A.
Ei-nst, who has held the position of foreman
with the Truro Machine Company for the
past year, has severed his connection with
that firm, contemplating a trip west. Mr.
Ernst is Ijeing urged to remain here and open
up a machine shop.
.MONTREAL, QUE.— Losses by smoke and
water estimated at $85,000, fully covered by
insurance, were caused by a fire in a building
on Wellington Street, occupied by the Canada
-Machinery Co., the Ives Modern Bedstead Co.,
and the Factory Waste and Metal Co., and the
Canada Office Furniture Co.
WELL.VND, ONT.— At the annual meeting
of the Board of Directors of Canadian Bil-
lings-Spencer Works, it was decided to make
preparation for the construction of an addi-
tion to the present factory buildings. The
new building will be two storeys in height,
of concrete construction and 100x50 feet in
size.
WELLAND, ONT.— The Dominion Metals,
Ltd., of Toronto, will build a thoroughly up-
to-date silver and gold smelting and refining
plant here.
NORTH BAY, ONT.— M. Davey has leased
the Nipissing Foundry & Machine Co. for a
term of years and is now in possession. He
lias moved his wire w'orks to the foundry.
IIESI;>ELER, ONT.— The A. B. .Tardine Co.
are building a large moulding shop, 60x60.
This Is the second time this year that this
company has been forced to enlarge its plant.
AMHERST, N.S.— The Canada Car Co., have
made arrangements to re-build their works
here. The new building will be of concrete
and steel. The freight car department, repre-
senting 90 per cent, of the output and the
wages, will remain closed until the new shops
are completed.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Maritime Nail
Works at St. John, N.B., has been disposed of
by R. L. .Tohnston to Toronto interests for
about .$200,000, the transfer to be made .Tune
1. Definite announcement as to the intentions
of the new owners is expected at any time.
WELLAND, ONT.— The Imperial Manufac-
turing Co, manufacturers of hardware, of
Warren, Pa., will locate a branch factory
here.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Hupp Motor Car
Co., of Detroit, are preparing to enter the
Canadian field. They will manufacture their
cars In Canada and establish a new selling
price. Their car now sells for $900 in Detroit.
QUEBEC, QUE.— W. H. Wiggs has secured
a site from the C.N.R. and will erect a large
warehouse for his business, the Mechanics'
Supply Co. He will carry a large stock of
iron pipe, radiators and "Daisv" boilers.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The McArthur, Perks
Co., of Ottawa, has been awarded a contract
to build four concrete docks at Havana by the
Port of Havana Docks Co., of which Sir
William Van Home Is president. The Ottawa
compan.v is the one formed by Sir Robert
Perks, and the contract It has secured at
Havana amounts to about .$6,000,000.
LONDON. ONT.— The McClary Company
are planning a big extension to their East
End works here. They have taken out a
permit for an $18,000 cement building for
m.iiiufacturlng purposes.
PORCUPINE, ONT.— Fire did $70,000 dam-
age to the plant on the Holllnger property
here recently,
FREDERICTON, N.B.— The New Bruns-
wick Foundry was practically wiped out by
fire recently. The loss was upwards of $50,-
000. including the patterns which had accumu-
hited in 40 years operation of the plant. About
$1.1.000 insurance was carried, largely in the
Atlas Co. The matter of re-building is as
yet. undecided.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Munro Steel &
Wire Works, of Winnipeg, will build a plant
here to cost npproxlmntelv $50,000.
CLARKSBURG. ONT.— ,T. L. Lake has
leased the Clarkcsburg Foundry and Machine
Shop and' Is now In charge.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
61
Large New Warehouse in Toronto
has recently been added to our system of General Supply warehouses and
sales agencies.
The opening of this warehouse will enable us to give our customers
in this district the same efficient service enjoyed by our customers in the
vicinity of our Ottawa and Winnipeg houses.
A staff of efficient salesmen — each man a specialist in his line — has
been engaged to look after those in need of advice as to the best equipment.
THE GENERAL SUPPLY LINE
is up-to-date, and includes the product of some of the best known and most
progressive makers of machine shop and general factory equipment. The list
speaks for itself: —
LONDON MACHINE TOOL, CO.— Machine Tools.
R. K. LpBLOND CO— MillinK MachineB, Grinders
un<l Lat lieN.
JOHN STEl'TOE SHAPER CO.— Shapers.
F.\Y « SCOTT— Lathes.
ML'ELLER .M.\CHINE TOOL CO.— Radial Drills.
II. C. B.VRR— Sensitive Drills.
STANDARD PRESSED STEEL CO.— Steel Hancers.
CLEVEL.AND TWIST DRILL CO.
SOUTH BEND MACHINE TOOL CO.— Lathes.
HISEV-WOLF SIACHINE CO.— Electric Drills.
.VMERICAN PULLEY CO.— Pressed Steel Pulleys.
BKARD.MOKE BELTING CO.
VI-BALATA BELTING.
If you have not tried "General Supply Service" let us have your
enquiry the next time you are in the market. We make a specialty of filling
telegraph or phone orders.
COME IN AND SEE OUR LARGE STOCK OF PRESSED STEEL PULLEYS AND HANGERS.
The General Supply Co. of Canada, Ltd.
OTTAWA
TORONTO
115-125 ADELAIDE STREET WEST
WINNIPEG
We handle a full line of Mill and Contractors' Supplies; Power Transmission Equipment and Sap-
plies, etc.. Valves and Fittings. Bolts. Nuts and Washers. Set and Cap Screws, etc.. Packing. Belting.
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.
62
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, . ENGLAND
Canadian Headquarters, at 24 Adelaide St. W., Toronto
in charge of
MESSRS. PARKE & LEITH, General Agents for Canada
A Large Stock of Aluminium in all the Commercial Forms will
be kept — Wholeaale and RetaiL
Jessop's Best Tooi Steel
is yet unexcelled for cutting tools
o{ all kinds, and for general
machine-shop use.
Jessop's "Ark" Higti-speed
^tOOl S'vss marvellous results
— heavy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files -»nd rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JES80P & SONS, Ltd. Sheffield, Eng.
Reid Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods Chas. L. Bailey
St. John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
Dixon's Crucibles for Severe Service
If you've had trouble with crucibles because of severe
melting conditions, try a sample order of
DIXON'S CRUCIBLES
and watch the results. We welcome an opportunity of
this kind— it proves the stuff of which Dixon's Crucibles
are made.
Descriptive Booklet No. 223-A free.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY
JERSEY CITY, .... N.J., U.S.A.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Otis Elevator Co.
are buiUling an office and warehouse here at
a cost of $:iOO,000.
OWEN SOUND, ONT.— The citizens carried
a liy-law granting the C. S. Lloyd & Co., of
i'uiouto, a loan of $25,000 at 4Vj% interest to
creit a factor.v here for tlie uranufacture of
liiiidren's carriages and wagons, and steel
whecis for various kinds of vehicles.
l-KTEKBtlUt)', ONT.— Till' Model Foundry
and Pump Worlss have commenced operations.
PORT HOPE, ONT.— The new high carbon
tooi steel plant of the International Tool
Steel Co., is practically completed and it is
expected that operations will start this month.
The Standard Ideal Co. have also planned
arge additions to their plant.
l-UINCB RUPERT, B.C.— The Board of
Trade are endeavoring to persuade the Gran-
l)y Co. to establish a smelter here.
TORONTO, ONT.— The new factory of the
Giiljert Mfg. Co. is now completed. The com-
pany will manufacture stamped copper, nlcl£-
ei, i)rass and metal goods of every descrip-
tion, using the very latest machinery and
dies.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— Defective con-
struction caused a Are that did $100 damage
to the brass foundry of the Lumby-Steuhouse
Co., recently.
I'ORT ARTHUR, ONT.— It is reported that
Sir Donald Mann will come here at an early
date with a view to establishing a foundry.
GDELPH, ONT.— Toiton Bros, are making
a shipment of harvesters' implements to Aus-
tralia. The machine shop has been quite
busy of late keeping up with the orders.
They have the contract for tlie brackets for
the iiydro-electric street lights.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The Kingston Shipbuild-
ing Co. has been awarded the contract for the
building of the new Government steamer,
Dollard. The boat will be used in connection
with tlie lighthouse and buoy service in the
Montreal district. The contract price is
around $160,000.
BRANTFORD, ONT.— The Buffalo Brake
Beam Co. is establishing a plant here and
will manufacture brake beams for passenger
and freight cars.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Massey-Harris Co.
are building an additional factory at their
works here.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— According to Inform-
ation on tlie authority of A. P. Gillies, the
British Columbia Steel Co., a $10,000,000 cor-
poration, will establish steel rail plants at
Port Mann, the Canadian Northern's Pacific
terminus, and at Tacoma. The company has
acnuired an interest in the townsite at Port
Mann, and has agreed to erect at least one
thousand dwellings to cost not less than $2,-
000 each.
Arrangements have been completed with the
American Car and Foundry Co. to establish
a plant at Port Mann with an initial pay-roll
of 2,000 men. The plant will turn out steel
freight, passenger and sleeping cars, using
the available ores at hand. The Pittsburg
Plate Glass Company also will establish a
plant there, having found siciiia of the best
quality in the adjacent district. The furnaces
of the steel mills is to be utilized in furnish-
ing fuel for the glass plant.
LONDON, ONT.— The George White Sons
Co. is planning extensions of its trade In
Western Canada and will, shortly, establish
several branches in addition to those now ex-
isting at Brandon and Saskatoon.
MONTREAL, QUE.— Fire did approximate-
ly $75,000 damage to the Allis-Chalmers-
Bullock factory near Laehine, recently. The
fire did little damage to the building, which
is iron and glass mainly. But everything It
contained, including the traveling crane, and
ail the testing macliinery was destroyed, and
this being the finishing department for most
of the machinery turned out, will greatly
hinder some of the other shops. Temporary
((uarters have been fitted up to keep the work
going.
GUBLPH, ONT.— The Pagc-Hersey Pipe
Mills here were damaged by fire to the ex-
tent of .$5,000. The cutting room suffered con-
siderably.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The Inauguration of a
big shipbuilding enterprise on the Pacific
Coast to take a share in the building of Can-
ada's new naval vessels is presaged by the
passing of an Order-in-Council granting a
subsidy for a dry-dock and ship repair plant
of the flrst-clnss to the Esquimau Graving
Dock and Shipbuilding Co. According to the
estimate of the engineers of the Department
of Public Works on the plans submitted, the
total cost of the dry-dock with repair machin-
ery, building, etc., will be $2,C37,800. The
dock will be 900 feet long, 41 feet deep, and
328 feet wide and capalile of accommodating
the largest vessels afloat. The promoters are
Messrs. Bnllen, the well-known shipbuilders
of the Pacific Coast, who have associated with
Denny Bros., of Dunbarton, Scotland, one of
CANADIAN MACHINERY
63
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
We have the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & CO.
HE8PELER, ONT.
"GUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Our 1911 Catalogue of valu-
able information regarding
"CUSHMAH CHUCKS"
is now ready. Better write for
it. It's free on request.
Ttie Oushman Otiuck Go.
Hariford, Conn., U.S.A.
Established 1862
tlie Inrgest shipbuilding firms In the United
Kingdom.
MUNTUEAL, QUE.— Fire did ?20,000 dam-
iigu to ttie city worlssliops recently.
MONTKEAL, QUE.— The city is calling for
tenders for the filtration plant. Contract No.
1 includes the furnishing and Installing ot
pumping machinery, rotary blower and cranes.
HALIFAX, N.S.— Anticipating the construc-
tion of the new Canadian navy, the Nova
Scotia Steel and Coal Co., are about to in-
stall machinery and adopt a process of manu-
facturing far in advance of anything yet at-
tempted In Canada which will enable them
to manufacture all classes and kinds of the
heaviest steel forglngs. A new forge house
equipped with massive hydraulic forging
presses is to be built at New Glasgow. Some
iilea of the size of the new machinery may
be gained from the fact that single pieces of
it weigh 80,000 pounds, and the effective
power of at least two of the presses will be
in the vicinity of 100,000 pounds pressure.
WINNIPEG, iMAN. — Thirteen wooden
bridges will be replaced on the C.P.K. be-
tween Vancouver and North Bend, with steel
and concrete structures. A total of thirty
new bridges will be put up along the same
stretch of line.
OTTAWA, ONT.— A large tool manufactur-
ing company will locate here If satisfactory
terms are secured from the city,
GALT, ONT.— The Down Draft Furnace
Co. are erecting a large addition for their
nickel-plating department.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The C.P.R. has- award-
ed several contracts for Improvements In the
Weston shops.
Carter, llalls and Aldinger have been
awarded the contract for the erection of a
large upholstering shop. This building will
be 98 feet long and 74 feet wide and 16
high.
The J. McDlarmid Co. will build a new
boiler shop, the dimensions of which will be
:;80xll8 feet feet. The building will be con-
structed of brick.
In addition to these the Jackson & Gold-
ing Co., of St Boniface, have been awarded
the contract to put in concrete foundations
for a new transfer table.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The firm of McDoug-
ali, Jenkins Engineers Ltd. of North Van-
.couver, are building a $150,000 extension to
their plant. This price includes the figure
at which the stock machinery and other as-
sets of the Albion Iron Works were acquir-
ed.
MONTREAL, QUE.- Work has been start-
ed at the Angus shops on an order for 2,000
steel box cars. This is the second part of a
¥3,r)00.000 order placed last fall.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The $1,500,000 contract
at Transcona for the completion of coach
shops and buildings has been awarded to
Haney, Quinlan & Robertson, which firm has
just finished the erection of the shops at
Transcona for the commission and the Grand
Trunk Pacific.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The C.P.R. Angus
shops recently issued ten new switching en-
gines of standard size, to be distributed
along the company's lines.
Municipal w
GALT, ONT. — The by-law authorizing ex-
penditure of $2.5,000 on the hydro-electric sys-
tem was carried.
TRENTON, ONT.— A by-law will be sub-
mitted to raise $700 by way of debentures
to purchase site for a baby carriage factory.
LINDSAY, ONT.— Lindsay Is to be asked to
loan $50,000 in the matter of the re-organlza-
tion of the Sylvester Manufacturing Co.
GUELPH, ONT.— The Independent Tire Co.
will locate here.
CHATHAM, ONT.— An $80,000 pork and beef
packing plant is to be erected here by O'Keefe
& Drew. It is being built for the purpose of
taking care of 75 per cent, of the hogs and
cattle slaughtered in the western peninsula.
MELVILLE, SASK.— The following by-laws
were passed here: Electric light, $23,000; sew-
ers, $5,000, and waterworks, $63,000.
V.\NCOUVER, B.C.— By-laws aggregating
$1,.')70.000 will be voted on as follows: Sewers,
$750,000; Clark Drive, $35,000; street improve-
ments, $60.000 ; water, $115,000; street improve-
ments, $75,000; water, $75,000; main along
Seymour Creek, $100,000; grading, rocking
and planking, $100,000; isolation hospital, $50,-
000: jail, etc., $30,000.
ESTEVAN, SASK.— Two by-laws will be
submitted to the ratepayers for approval, $5,-
000 for waterworks extensions, and $18,000 for
cement sidewalks.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— Three by-laws will
be voted on as follows: Street railway pur-
poses, $25,000; floating debt, $15,000, and $100,-
000 for the extension of the intake pipe and
an additional standpipe.
11
11
Two-Jaw Box Chuckm
Specially designed for fast, continuous
and accurate turret lathe work.
Body and sliding jaws made from
steel castings. Strong, durable—
yet light in weight.
Face Plate Jaws
Have large screws with double thrust
bearings. Specialfacilitiesforattaching,
1]
Ends poitited at4S degfs. so that four jaurs will
Rt close together at centre. Sizes 4 to 14 in.
WRHE FOR 1911 CATALOGUE OF IHriOVED
LATBE CHUCKS.
S. E. HORTON MACHINE CO.
WINDSOR LOCKS, CONN., IJ.S.A.
(Not the E. Horton & Son Co.)
II
The
IMPERIAL
CHUCK
Reliability!
Because we make the Imperial Chuck
with skilled workmen and from the
finest material obtainable, we are in a
position to claim confidently that it
has NO SUPERIOR. It is guaran-
teed to be absolutely reliable, and to
further prove its worthiness of a place
in YOUR shop, we will send this
Valuable Chuck to you on 30 days'
approval. Give the Imperial a severe
test. If not satisfactory, return at our
expense.
Hide in CiDiila. Writs for Citalof .
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
64
CANADIAN MACHINERY
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that SWIFT & COMPANY
has obtained for Canada Patent No. 117195 in
connection with comb bacon hanger, and the
American Can Company, of Montreal, is manu-
facturing this article and is prepared to
Supply the same, to any person who may wish
to purchase the article, at a reasonable
price.
Any person, firm or corporation desiring to
purchase this article will kindly communicate
with the American Can Company, Montreal, P.Q.
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can be secured for any class of castlnsrs by arranirinar your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry "work are at your
service when you consult "with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS, CORES, OILS. Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.
Leather
EDE'bT
Made
Toronto
^m-
< , «« MONTREAL" jy^'Sj
I n ■ f 1 t._<.
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
A^oro l-ik:oly -to be Accura-te.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
CEANBROOK, fi.C— A by-law to Install a
sewer system In Cranbrook carried.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The city contemplates
on expenditure of $1,293,883 on water mains
and sewers.
NORTH BAY, ONT.— Two by-laws will be
voted on, $45,000 for sewerage purposes, and
$100,000 for waterworks.
WINDSOR. ONT,— Tbe city contemplates a
by-law to expend .$50,000 for an intake and
construction in connection with new water
supply.
SOUTHAMPTON, ONT.— The by-law to ex-
pend $7,.500 to extend tbe waterworks system
liere was carried.
SCOTT, SASK.— By-laws authorizing the in-
stalation of waterworks, sewerage and elec-
tric light have been carried by a large ma-
jority.
WINDSOR, ONT.— A by-law will shortly be
submitted to provide $50,000 for the extension
of water mains.
SUDBURY, ONT.— By-laws are under con-
sideration aggregating $100,000 to $1.50.000 for
municipal improvements, including water
mains, trunk sewerage mains, lake sewerage
disposal, auxiliary Are pumping plant, new
Are hall and apparatus, fire alarm system
and permanent roads.
OTT.\WA, ONT. — By-laws aggregating
$330,000 will shortly be submitted, $1.50,000 to
complete the waterworks a(iue(luct, $(,0,000 lor
a booster system, $4.5,000 water mains, and
$80,000 for the high-level bridge over Bank
Street.
RENFREW, ONT.— The ratepayers recently
passed a by-law granting $3,000 for sewerage.
ESTEVAN, SASK.— Two by-laws will be
submitted to the ratepayers for approval.
.$5,000 for waterworks extensions, and $18,000
lor cement sidewalks.
BERLIN, ONT.— Fourteen thousand dollars
profit was shown at tlie end of last year from
the operation of the Berlin waterworks de-
|>artment. For years past surpluses have been
shown by this department, but the money
has been spent in extensive additions to the
system.
VICTORIA, B.C. — Victoria ratepayers have
carried three of the five money by-laws sub-
mitted. Each received a three-fifths ma-
jority. Those carried were a vote of $150,000
additional school expenses asked for by the
school board and declined by the city coun-
cil ; .$.300,000 for extending the sewer system,
and .$30,000 for an alteration to the market
building for otlier civic purposes.
WILKIE, SASK.— Tbe town council have
engaged a nuinicipal engineer and it is likely
that Wiikie before the fall will h.-ive a com-
[ilete system of waterworks.
MOOSE .7AVV. SASK.— In the electric 1 ght
department there will be expenditures thiS
year of $50,000 for improvements and exten-
sions. Of this amount $15,000 is to be spent
on ornamental street lights. A sum of $:io,-
000 is to l)e spent on electric light extension
in addition to the ornamental improvement.
I'ENTK.'TON, B.C. — Tenders will be receiv-
ed for tlie following del)entures; $150,000 40
years 5 per cent, domestic water loan; $71,000
40 years 5 per (ent. electric light.
STETTLElt. ALTA.— Tenders will be re-
ceived for $17,000 :iO-yeai' 5^4 per cent, elec-
tric light; $(1,000 10-year 5V<i per cent, local
improvements; $-.000 '20-year 5^^ per cent,
chcniica! engine and hose, and $3,5()0 20-year
5'/., per cent, municipal buildings.
COHALT. ONT. -Tenders will be received
for $43,500 waterwdi'ks and str,*,-,.,^,-. deben-
tures. 0%. 10-year sinking fund bonds. issu..d
under by-law No, 143, and (wnflrmed by Chap.
W, Statutes of Ontario, 1011.
Electrical.
MONTREAL, QUE.- The Canadian Light &
Power Co, have complete<l arrangements for
using the power house and plant of the Cen-
tral Light, Heat & Power Co., which they
actiuirerl some time ago. The deal w;is put
through four months ago, the price paid be-
ing half a million dollars. At the time,
however, no details were available regarding
the plans, of the Canadian Co. The present
capacity of the power house, 2,000 horse-pow-
er, will suffice for present needs, but It is
the intention of the Canadian Light & Power
Co. to extend the business as much as pos-
sible. With this end in view the pre.sent
steam-driven dynamos will be removed as
soon as possible and the power brought from
the Beauharnols power houses of the com-
pany.
LINDSAY, ONT.— Lindsay will submit a
by-law to raise $230.0(X) for the purpn.se of
purchasing the plant of the Light, Heat and
Power Co.
QUELPH, ONT. — Niagara power Is now be-
ing used exclusively by tbe Light and Heat
Commission iu supplying light and power to
Us patrons.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
65
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfr8.otsPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Perfected
QEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Ruching and Pleating Machinery.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
3 Front St. W., Toronto
RAM Q ^"'^ SUPPLIES
It/AILO New and Second-hand
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc
Old Material Bought and Sold ■
f Ernest Scott
145 Bleury St. •.• MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool
iVIalier.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Stampings and Light
Manufacturing
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
STAMPINGS S
No matter how hard a stamping prohlem you
put up to us, the chances are we can satisfy
you Many people use stampings in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.
The Silent Partner is an ineer-
esting little magazine. We send
it free— when there's s reason
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.
899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
— Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRIN€ CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
MIUDLETON, N.S.— This town is con-
templiitliig 11 by-law to borrow $15,000 for tbe
purpose of purchasing and lustalllng an elec-
tric light plant.
PRINCE ALBKKT, SASK.— The city la
calling for tenders for the construction of a
dum and hcatlworks and canal and power sta-
tion foundations which are portions of the
proposed Hydro-Elcctrlc Power Development,
on the North Saskatchewan River, at La Colle
Falls.
LETHIiRIDGE, AI.TA.— The Carmanga
town council Is taking steps to install a munl-
cipaliy-owued waterworks and electric light
system. They have already secured an option
on the electric light plant owned by C. W.
Carman, which lights the town at present.
ST. .lOHN, QUE.— Fire destroyed half a
dozen small residences and then spread to
the municipal electric plant, which was also
wiped out. The total loss Is placed at $75,-
000, with insurance of about half that amount.
HAMILTON, ONT.— Machinery will be In-
stalled at the Cataract Power plant to raise
the capacity from 38,000 to 00,000 h.p.
NELSON, B.C.— Intimation Is given of a
new electric power proposition of great mag-
nitude in papers made out by A. L. McCul-
loch, mining engineer, of Nelson, giving notice
that on .lune Iti he will apply to W. F. Teet-
zel, water commissioner for the Nelson wjiter
district, for a license to use 6,300 cubic feet
of water per second for power purposes, from
liie Kootenay river.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The first actual busi-
ness addressed to tbe new civic power man,
ager, J. B. Rossman, was received by Mr.
Kossnian at the city hall recently. This was
contained in a letter from the local Indus-
trial bureau asking for a definite price on
100 ;i4-bour horse-power. This power is want-
ed by a new industry, which it is proposed to
establish in tbe city. The buildings for this
plant will cost approximately $125,000.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The city council are
preparing to spend a quarter of a million dol-
lars for the purchase of machinery for the
puwcr plant.
MONTREAL, QUE.— Plans for the construc-
tion of an immense dam at the foot of the
Coteau Rapids, in the St. Lawrence, which,
if completed, would mean the developnieni
of an equally large amount of water power,
ai'e now under consideration by a commis-
sion of Government engineers. The Canadian
Light & Power Company is promoting tbe
scheme.
RENFREW, ONT.— $125,000 will be spent
for new electrical equipment.
SANDWICH, ONT.— R. Stuart will erect a
power house liere.
KNOWLTON, QUE.— A municipal power
plant will be started here.
ST. .JOHN, N.B.— The Eel River Light, Heat
& Power Co. will build a large power plant
near here.
MAGOG, QUE. — A new power station will
be built here.
PRINCE RUPERT, B.C.— The Prince Rupert
Power Co. will build a lighting plant here, to
cost $3,000,000.
TAVISTOCK, ONT.— $30,000 will be spent
on electrically-operated pumps for water-
wt)rks.
NORTH BAY, ONT.— North Bay will buy
.flOO.OOO worth of electrically-operated water-
works machinery.
MIDLAND, ONT.— The electors have de-
clared in favor of Hydro-Electric power. The
l>y-law provides for the expenditure of $13.-
000, and the service will Include both power
and light. It is only necessary to string
wires to complete the e(iuipnient, and this,
it is expected, will be done by June 1.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Notice has been given
of the application of the Howe Sound Power
Co., for water rights for power purposes on
Furry Creek, a stream which flows Into
How-e Sound at a point three miles south
of Britannia Beach. The Howe Sound Pow-
er Co. is noted as a concern with a capital of
$100,000. Tbe promoters decline to give any
particulars concerning the development of
the Furry Creek power, but the details noted
in their application show that the plans in
mind are extensive.
General Manufacturing
MONTREAL, QUE.- J. C. Wilson & Co.,
paper manufacturers, will build a large fire-
proof building here this summer.
REVELSTOKE, B. C— CbaB. A. Barnuni,
general manager of the Diamond Mills Co., and
the Dominion Securities Co., is handling a big
project, which involves the building of pulp
and paper mills in the interior, the erection
of a large sawmill at the Big Eddy, the con-
f;truction of a large power dam on the Col-
umbia river, the syndicating of about seven
inindred thousand miles of pulpwood and tini-
ln'r and the Initial investment of several
iiiinions of dollars, while as an outcome of
aii lliis increased enterprise a large army of
men will be employed.
Bournet & Bianchard
(opposite the Post Office)
LACHINE - QUEBEC
Machinists and Tool Makers.
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Manufacturers o f Gasoline
Motors.
Write us for prices.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
ffWO<
^ALL KINDS-^
Difficult Core Work a Specially
Mi^h Grade • Right Prices • Prompf Delivery
SAr/s/=Acro^y work ot/AffANTsso
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
ilSaCATMERINt STREET NORTH
HAMILTON . ONT
FOR
Tall kinds of machine'
work. made in
WOOD. BRASS
'white metal or iron
'by the very highest class of skilled
mechanics.
Only the highest gi ade of material
u;ed in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
87 Jar V 15 5t. Toronto, Canada.
66
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The Foss & Hill Machinery Co.
32S Si. Jtmts Sireei, Montretl, Que.
AjfenU for
Vkraicktr A Bw«, Ciaciauli, Uikts
n. G * Cr»v Ct , ritiera
TkiCiiciiMli Ulkt ATmIC*.. IS-ia. Lalbci
Tka HaelUr Hackiac Taol C*.. Ia4ial Drilla
Tk J. T. Siscoab C*., ■icreaalcra
Machinanr and Mill Suppliaa of all kinda
OWEN SOUND IRON WOEKS, LIMITED
OWKM SOUNOi OUT.
C*m»nt Mill Maohlnery, Bollar and StMl
Tank Work of all kInda, Cray
Iron and Braaa Caatlns*
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting-.steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
rices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE
St. John. N.B. VancauTcr, EC
In the UnitidStalts.SimondsMfg.Co.
SWIFT MOTOR GAR GO.
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUFACTURERS OF
THE "SWIFT"
MARINE ENGINE
XKW GLASGOW, N. S. — The Plc-keriug
Wlieel Co. Is preparing to establish u factory
here. The new loniern will eater particular-
ly to the heavy wheel trade, such as express
tarin wagons and heavy cartage.
BKLLKVILLK, ONT.— The Allard Platinum
ik Gold Uetinlug Co., of Kochester, N.Y., pro-
pose establishing a plant here.
CHATHAM, ONT.— Tripplehoru Bros., of
Findlay, Ohio, have dei-ided to open a cement
and tile manufacturing industry in this city,
to be known as tlie Chatham Cement Tile &
Block Co. They will erect two buildings 00
by 70 feet and 40 by 15 feet.
SHKRBKOOKE, QUE.- A new industry has
started in Slierl)rooke, known as the Railway
Asbestos Packing Co. They expect to erect
their own factory later on.
LINDSAV, ONT.— Horn Bros, are building
an atlditiou to their factory here.
S.\KNIA, ONT.-The Lott Lawn Fence Co.
iiave opened a new business here to manufac-
ture ornamental lawn fence and patent gates.
PORTAGE LA PRAIRIE, MAN.— The Great
West Bedding Co. are locating here.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— R. McArthur, of
Deseronto, is establishing a match factory
here.
MULGRAVE, N.S.— G. T. McNutt is estab-
lishing a woodworking factory here.
SARNIA, ONT.-The Port Huron Creamery
Co. have opened up an up-to-date plant here.
C.\LGARY, ALTA. Either next fall or early
next spring, work will be started on a mil-
lion-dollar packing plant in Calgary. It is
to be built by the large packing concern
known as Morris & Co., of Chicago, of which
the Dominion Meat Co., of Calgary, is a
branch.
BROCKVILLE, ONT.-The National Manu-
facturing Co. will locate here.
SARNIA, ONT.-The Canadian Woodwork-
ers are building a new factory here. It will
be of re-inforced concrete.
(iUELPH, ONT.-The city council has grant-
ed fixed assessments of $1,000, except for
school taxes and local improvements, to four
firms. They are the Colonial White Wear
Co., the Canada Textile Weaving Co., the
Emery Manufacturing Co., and the Taylor
Stratton Dairy Co. The flrst-named com-
pany is to erect a new building on another
site and increase tlie staff by 150 hands.
KENORA, ONT.— A new industry, known
as the Gullberg-Ekberg Co., recently started
operations for the manufacture and sale of
tar, creosote, turpentine, charcoal, etc., at the
Winnipeg river crossing of the Grand Trunk
Pacific. The plant is in close proximity to
the Winnipeg river on the new townsite, and
the location warrants n splendid supply of
raw material very easily assembled by the
river.
BERLIN, ONT.-The following factories
will make extensions this year; Kaufman
Rubber Co., L. McBrlne & Co., D. Hlbner *
Co.. Kaufman Planing Mill, Canadian Pyro-
fugont Co.. Cloisonne Art Glass Co.. Lang
Tanning Co., C. H. Doerr & Co., Interior
Hardwood Co. and Walker Bin and Fixture
Company.
GODEEICH, ONT.— An English syndicate
purposes establishing a big works here to
m:inufacture salt by a new process.
TORONTO. ONT.-The Royal Shoe Co. have
purcliascd a factory and will locate here.
OWE.V SOUND. ONT.— Two by-laws were
carried here recently. The knitting factory
by-law passed gives Lake and Ward, pro-
moters, a loan of $1,').000 for twenty years at
i% per cent. The second one was a by-law
to loan $25,000 at 41/2 per cent, for twenty
j'ears to parties identified with the Adams
Furniture Co., of Toronto. The new factory
will manufacture high-class furniture and
upholstered goods.
MONCTON, N.B.— The A. J. Burton Saw
Co., Vancouver, are asking the Board of Trade
what the city will give them If they move a
part of their say plant to Moncton. They
would employ about 50 men.
ST. CATHARINES. ONT.The old McCleary
& McLean lumber yard will be fitted up and
a tissue paper factory take Its place. New
machinery will be Installed and water power
used.
Rulldiag Note*
AURORA, ONT.-The by%law to loan the
Positive Clutch & Pulley Works $10,000 was
carried.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The C. P. R. Intend
erecting a ten-storey office building here, to
cost $200,000.
El)Mf)NTON, ALTA.— R. F. Klein has or-
ganized a company to erect an $8.5.000 hotel
here this summer.
WINNIPEG. MAN.— D. McDonald, western
manager of the C'on federation Life, has an-
nounced that the Institution will proceed with
the erection of a ten-storey office building, to
!■< fit $1 .^)00 000
EDMONTON. ALTA.--.T. E. Wlze. architect,
has prepared plans for a six-storey building
for Dr. McLean, to cost $1.10,000.
SASKATOON, SASK.— J. F. Cairns will
erect a mannnotli departmental store here.
REGINA, SASK.- The plans for the new
union depot are completed and are in Re-
gina. The building will cost in the neighbor-
hood of $200,000.
TORONTO, ONT.-The following permits
have been granted : M. Rawlinson, six-storey
warehouse, $30,000; Western Baptist church,
church and Sunday school, $40,000; the To-
ronto Carpet Co., five-storey factory, $90,000.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— C. Fee has taken a per-
mit to erect a $100,000 block.
TORONTO, ONT.— It has been decided to
add three more storeys to the Home Life
building, at the corner of Victoria and Ade-
laide Streets. This will make a nine-storey
bnibling. The cost of the work is expected
to be about $100,000.
TORONTO, ONT.-The premises occupied
by the store of John Catto & Sons, have been
purchased by a .Montreal syndicate represent-
ed by J. Lewis Thomas. The purchasers will
erect on this site within three years, a splen-
did office building about fifteen storeys high.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Plans have been pre-
pared for a six-storey bulldiug to be erecteu
by the Otis-Fensom Elevator Co. Construc-
tion will be undertaken this spring and it is
announced that the building will cost approx-
imately $100,000. The company is also con-
sidering the erei'tiou of a warehouse on Rail-
road avenue.
TORONTO, ONT.-The Dominion Govern-
ment has deceded to expend $500,000 in Tor-
onto in a central building that is to accom-
modate all the offices at present scattered all
over the city.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— A permit was grante<i
the B.C. Sugar Refinery for a filter-house to
cost $(5,000, to be constructed with steel frame
and concrete floors. The architect is Kennedy
Bryan.
TORONTO, ONT.— According to Transpor-
tation Manager W. G. Brownlee, the G.T.R.
will spend several millions in improvements
during the present season. One of the sched-
ule undertakings is the construction of a
roundhouse at Midland. It is unlikely, how-
ever, that any new extensions will be made to
the Toronto portion of the system during the
coming summer.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— Sherman and Loug-
heed, of Calgary, will erect a $150,000 theatre
here.
CALGARY, ALTA.— Plans and specifica-
tions for the C.P.R. hotel call for a 13-storey
structure, although but 8 storeys will be
built this year. When completed, the cost
will be $1,500,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— An initial expenditure 01
five million dollars, and an ultimate expendi-
ture of between thirty and forty millions, is
to go towards the construction of the Cana-
dian Northern terminals in Montreal and Tor-
onto. Thirty million dollars is to be spent
In Montreal terminals, in time, and some five
or six millions in Toronto.
Planning Mills
AMHERST, N.S.— The mill owned by
Rhodes-Curry Co. at Little Forks was totally
destroyed recently. The mill was equipped
with modern machinery and this spring a
large sum of money was used in fitting it
out in first-class shape for the summer oper-
ations. The mill was 30 feet by 110 feet, and
under the same roof were tlie planing mill,
!)0 feet by 30 feet, the lath room, 25 feet by
20 feet, and also the boiler room, 40 feet by
20 feet. All these buildings have been wiped
out. The loss will be $25,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— Fire did $1,000 damage
to the planing mill of J. C. Gilchrist at the
corner of Ernest Ave. and Perth. The loss
is fully insured.
OTTAWA, ONT.— W. F. MacGlasken, gener-
al mauager for the Beaver Manufacturing Co.,
of Buffalo, was in the city to confer with the
local officials of the company with a view of
building a large factory on Bayswater Ave.
L^e new plant will turn out a quarter of a
million square feet daily.
SIMCOE, ONT.— Fire destroyed the plan-
ing mill of D. G. McKnight, here, recently.
The loss Is fully insured.
ST. JOHN, N.B. — A fire of unknown origin
caused the complete destruction of J. A.
Gregory's saw mill at Lepreanx. The mill is
a complete loss, the machinery Is probably
totally destroyed and 300,000 laths went up
In smoke.
HATLEY, QUE.— Fire did several thous-
ands of dollars damage to the saw mill in
connection with the Hatley Dairy, Light and
Power Co.
WOODSTOCK, ONT.— T. D. Broom & Son
have Just completed a new factory to supply
building materials of ail kinds.
iiALIBURTON, ONT.— .\ustln's saw and
shingle mill was completely destroyed by
fire recently. Loss will be $4,000.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
67
TARRY SOTINl), ONT.— The box factory of
the I'arry Sound Lumber Co. was completely
destroyed some time ago.
HALLVILLK, ONT.— The saw mill and
oheese box factory of Messrs. Shaw & Earl
was damaged by Are recently.
ST. JOlliN, N.B.-The new planing mill of
Atkin Bros at FalrvUle, Is rapidly nearlng
completion.
ANNAI'OLIS ROVAU N.S. -The saw mill
at Young's Lake, owned by Sylvester Bent,
of Belleisle, was burned out recently.
WATliUBOUOUtJII, Q.V.. N.B.— M. Vicars
steam saw and grist mill was destroyed by
Are recently. It is being rebuilt.
NEKI'AWA, MA.N',— 1,000 feet will be added
to the floor space of the sash and door plant
and planing mill of the Fusee, McFeetors Co.
KINBUUN, ONT.— Fire did ifliSO damage to
the saw mill of H. Lowry & Sous, of Mara-
thon.
CHATSVVORTH, ONT.— The sawmill of
Alex. Browu, on the ^nd line of Derby, was
completely destroyed by tire. The machiuery
Is a total loss.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— The city has con-
cluded an agreement with J. L. McRae to es-
tablish a factory to cost .$60,000, to manufa<-
ture interior finishings, the city guaranteeing
the bonds for half that amount on first mort-
gage.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— .1. H. Preston
will spend $50,000 on a planing mill business
here.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Davidson & Labsik,
numufacturers of sashes and doors, have
assigned.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The saw mill of W. H.
Day, suffered loss by fire some time ago.
A METAL MERGER.
By the amalgamation of the King Radiator
Co., Montreal, the Expanded Metal Fire Roof-
ing Co., Toronto, and a number of other
important plants, another merger in the basic
industries has been effected In Toronto. The
combination involves a five million dollar
I'apitaiizatlon and In addition to the existing
plants in Toronto and Montreal, it is under-
stood that contracts have been awarded for
the erection of a large factory in St. Cathar-
ines which win supplement the company's
output in the larger cities. It is also under-
stood that options on two important indus-
tries of a similar character in the Maritime
Provinces will be closed and the activities of
the new combination will then extend over
three-quarters of the Dominion. Toronto
banks underwrote $750,000 of the present bona
Issue of $1,500,000.
New Companies
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Dominion Archi-
tectural Ironworks, Ltd., capital $100,000, have
been Incorporated to manufacture and deal in
metal products, and carry on the business of
iron-fouuders, steel-makers steel converters,
etc., etc. G. Humphreys, manufacturer;
.1. R. Estey, engineer; R. Taschereau, T. Rin-
fret and R. Genest, advocates, all of this city.
LONDON, ONT.— The W. J. Held & Son,
Automobiles, Ltd., capital $100,000, have been
incorporated to manufacture, repair and deal
in automobiles, motor cars, etc. W. J. Reid,
merchant, F. A. Reid, commercial traveler,
R. D. Aldrich, sales manager, C. G. Lewis,
bookkeeper, all of this city ; and G. E. King,
capitalist, of Detroit.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Grand Metis Power
Co., capital $100,000, have been incorporated
to carry on the business of a light, heat and
power company, and acquire all necessary
works, engines, machinery, generators, etc.,
etc. W. ,T. Shaughnessy, advocate; T. S.
Owens, student; A. E. Woodworth, account-
ant; A. B. Wright and A. Charters, clerks;
ail of Montreal.
/nanimicivrerj
MALLEABLE
' IRON •
CASTINGS
• TWO PLAIMTS
(gP=^flOOOT0NS
Smith's fblls Ontario
Milling Cutters
National Cutters are guaran-
teed by first-class material,
skilled workmanship and years
of experience.
Made in shapes and sizes to
cover every requirement.
WRITE FOR CATALOG B.
THE NATIONAL TOOL CO.
CLEVELAND, 0., U.S.A.
Positively
tight joints when
connecting pipe are
easily made if you will
use DART UNIONS.
It doesn't matter if joints are
in or out of lin«. Dart Unions
are guaranteed and sold by
most'dealers. Ask yours
for them. They will .
absolutely save
you money
There is nothins ill
Can dw«ll in such a temple.
— Tht Ttmpm
THE CANADA METAL COMPANY, LIMITED,
TORONTO
The Best is Not Too Good
That is why we carefully select the
Raw Material and only us!e the
the very best to manufacture
HARRIS HEAVY PRESSURE
(The Copper Coated Cake)
The result is, Enginoera requir-
ing Babbitt Metal apeolfy Harrim
Heavy Pressure. They know
that it is best for ali machinery
bearings.
68
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Special
Announcement
The Jelfery
Correspondence Schools
take this means to inform ALL
mechanics that by our plan techni-
cal instructions can be received at
minimum costs ; far cheaper and
better than by any other method.
There is now being prepared by a
corps of capable men, and at great
expense, instruction papers of
interest and value to every en-
gineer. Join the Jeflery Corres-
pondence Schools TO-DAY as a
charier member, fee being only
$1.00 for a limited time. By our
plan you order from the list the
parts you want ; you do not have
to buy parts you do not want in
order to get other parts. Cut out
this advertisement and mail with
$1.00 and your name will be entered
on the register as a '• charter
member." Act now. Address
Jeffery
Correspondence Schools
600 Keefer Place. Washington. D.C.
PATENT
Shaft straightening
MACHINE
For use on the Lathe.
NO HAMMERING
For round or
square Bars,
Cranks, Tubes,
Etc.
Write for L'sts lo
W. COPLEY & SON
Machine Tool Makf rs
HALIFAX - ENGLAND
TORONTO. ONT.— The Masco Co., capital
stock $100,000, have been Incorporated to car-
ry on the l)uslness of electricians, mechanical
engineers, manufacturers and dealers in elec-
trical macliinery auil supplies, etc. E. G.
McMillan, law stuiient; .1. V. McGregor and
\V. II. Walter, accountants; H. Riley. law
clerk and A. Bicknell, solicitor; all of this
place.
VIOKERS FLOAT FIVE MILLION POK
CANADA COMPANY.
LONDON. ENG. — Messrs. Vickers, Son aud
.-axi'u. shipbuilders and engineers, have ap-
plied for powers for the incorporation of
tlieir Canadian Company to build and operate
a floating dry-dock at Montreal with naval
works and factory for the construction of
steel railway tires and other industrial oper-
ations on the site granted for the purpose
under the agreement between the company
and the Montreal Harbor Commissioners and
the Government of Canada.
The capital of the new company will be
$r>,000,uO0. and with the Government subsidy
of the first class under the .\ct authorizing the
granting of subsidies for tlie erection of dry
docks, it is expected that the financing will
an easy matter and the works will
be pushed on so that the floating dock, which
will he built at Barrow and will complete the
naval establishment well advanced in 1912.
Catalogrues.
BOLT MACHINERY— Webster & Perks
Tool Co., Springfield. Ohio, have issued a
catalogue on coated paper, 30 pages, 9x6 ins.,
descril)ing bolt pointing, threading, and spe-
cial tapping machines. All the machines re-
ferred to are well illustrated.
Editor Wanted
Graduate of McGill or
S.P.S. in Mechanical En-
gineering to do editorial
work on "The Power
House " and " Canadian
Machinery. " State age,
particulars regarding prac-
tical experience, etc.
MacLean Pub. Co., Ltd;
Eastern Townships Bank Bldg.
MONTREAL
SMALL MILLING MACHINES— The Chi-
cago Machine Tool Co., 127 North Canal St.,
Chicago, 111., have just published a catalogue
of their Chicago small milling machines. This
catalogue deviates considerably from the gen-
eral run of catalogues, inasmuch as the net
prices of both the machines and their at-
tachments, are given. Tliese millers are illus-
trated in their various sizes and styles from
tlie stripped machine to the complete ma-
chine, in each case the equipment and net
price of the machine is stated.
ELECTRIC FURNACES— Verdon, Cutts &
Iloult, Town Hail Chambers, 87 Fargnte,
.Sheffield, have Issued a booklet on electrical
manufacture of steel in the Electro-Bessemer
furnace. Electric welding and annealing
furnaces are also dealt with in the catalogue.
SOLID ADJDSTABLE DIE HEADS — A
pamphlet from the Landis Machine Co., Way-
nesboro, Pa., describes the solid adjustable
die head. An illustrated description appear-
ed in a recent issue of Canadian Machinery.
CRANES— The Whiting Foundry Equipment
Co., Harvey, 111., represented in Canada by
the Dominion F»»undry Supply Co., Montreal
and Toronto, have issued Catalogue No. 77,
which sliows illustrations of a number of
recent installations of cranes and other foun-
dry equipment.
MACHINERY— John B. Hall & Sons, Brant-
ford, Ont., have issued a folder containing
leaflets which describe a numljer of machines
manufactured by them, including bench
grinders, pedestal grinders, lawn mower and
skate grinders, hand winches, cold saws, etc.
BALL BEARINGS — A description of
"Swivel Double-row Ball Bearings for Shaft-
ing," with illustrations, has been received
from the Unbreakable Pulley & Mill Gearing
Co.. Manchester and London. Eng. The Cana-
dian agents are Vandeleur & Nichols, Dlneen
Building, Toronto.
Book Review.
MACHINE SHOP MECHANICS— By Fred H.
Colvin, A.S.M.E., F.I. ; 177 pages, 4%x7
Ins., illustrated; published by the Mc-
Graw-Hill Book Co., 239 West 39th St.,
New York. Price $1 net.
This book has been given the title of Ma-
chine Shop Mechanics, or the "Why of Things
in the Machine Shop," as It explains the
"why" of many happenings In everyday work,
such as friction and the various forces which
come into play when any work is performed.
There are twenty chapters dealing with lev-
ers, the screw and wedge, inclined planers,
gravity, friction, heat, inertia, belts and pul-
leys, block and tackle, gearing, centrifugal
force, hydraulics, steam pressure, force of a
blow, strength of materials, shafting, action
and reaction, beams, measuring moments, and
force diagrams. The book will be found of
great value to the man who wishes to know
the "why" of things.
DIES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
IV. /y. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
.^^<,.' .v..'.. ^..v ..r. ..'>c,.,A^j.
«<i^»v^
■|iRmM|
All weidhts up„to 6,000 lbs. ,
We make a specialty of difficult cored work
LET OS riCURE: ON YOUR REQUIREMENTS
Galt Foundry Co. Galt.Ont.
% 7
Process of Manufacture of Lap-Weld Wrought Iron Pipe
By Fted H. Moody, B.Sc.
The Methods Em-ployed in the Manufacture of Wrought Iron Piping are Here Set
Forth and Illustrated; Shewing Clearly the Difference in Treatment Adopted, Which
Leads to the Two Well-Known Classifications, "Lap-Weld" and Butt-Weld." Users of
Both Types of Piping Will Find the Information Instructive and Valuable.
■pHE Page-Hersey Iron Tube and
■*• Lead Co., have two pipe mills,
rne -at Guelph, Ont., producing butt-
/eld pipe, and the other at Welland,
)nt., manufacturing lap-weld pipe. With
he process of manufacture of the lat-
er particularly, this article deals.
Butt-weld and Lap-weld.
An explanation of the terms "butt-
■eld and "lap-weld" is contained in the
allowing brief statement covering the
litial preparation of the pipe stock,
n the butt-weld, the sheet metal blank
hich forms the pipe is bent to circular
)rm with edges butted at a welding
iat, and afterwards rolled to make the
>int. In forming a lap-weld, the edges
-e swaged before bending, and results
ith the overlapping of the idges
hen bent to the circle, in a weld sur-
ice of greater area and thickness as
jmpared with the butt-weld. The
age-Hersey Co. make all pipe up to
inches diameter by the butt process,
ad for larger diameters, the lap pro-
rocess is adopted.
Lap-weld Process of Manufacture.
Following the process of manufacture
om the beginning, the metal stock is
ipt in the yard adjoining the pipe
ill, and arranged in piles of different
zes. It is called "skelp" and is es-
•cially made for this class of work,
ing rolled to the proper gauge, and
t to the proper width for rolling to
e desired diameter with the necessary
0. A traveling crane covers this
kelp" storage yard, and also runs
-OSS the end of the pipe mill. One of
d crane girders is shown at A Fig. 1.
he crane carries the "skelp" in bund-
s of probably two dozen pieces, and
-■posits them in the pilR B. on fingers
extending from the wall which swing
from it, and are operated by hydraulic
hoist as desired. The car C moves in
the same direction as the crane, and
when empty, is run under the raised
fingers supporting pile B. These fingers
drop through openings in car C, and de-
posit the "skelp" on the car shown at
D.
Furnace Mechanism and Operation.
On the right at E is the furnace for
heating the plates, and in which a pile
of sheets can be seen on close examina-
tion. Charging is accomplished by the
low charging crane F which has about
the same travel as the car C, and in
which the operator sits, controlling the
cross-travel of both, as also the charg-
ing finger. When charging is desired,
the charging finger G suspended from a
track on the charging crane, is run
back, and the car C run up in line with
it, the latter being first moved in line
with the part of the furnace to be
charged. The finger end (hidden by the
laborer) is knife-edged to slip be-
tween the plates on the pile, and has a
shoulder back from the end about eight
inches, which engages with the plate
and shoves it forward. Three plates are
charged in a batch, the finger being
then run back out of the way.
Heat is produced in the furnace by a
blast of producer gas generated in three
large producers located in an outbuild-
ing. Natural gas, which is very abund-
ant and cheap in the neighborhood, was
originally used, but had to be given up,
as the blast was found to be too sharp
and intense. Producer gas, from its
lower heat value, is not as sharp, and
therefore more desirable. The blast is
directed alternately from one side to the
other, being changed every half hour,
entering one side and leaving the other,
and vice versa. The small levers H con-
trol this change over, and the large
valve I controls the supply, which as
shown, can be nicely regulated to meet
requirements.
For the next operation a long bar J
is attached to the end of the charging
finger. The other end engaging with the
top plate of the hot pile in -the furn-
ace, shoves it out at the end of the
furnace A, Fig. 2, and runs it into the
swaging rolls dimly shown at B. These
swage the edges of the skelp, passing it
on further to a table C. The operator
on the left, hits the red hot plate in
the middle of the end of the skelp bend-
ing the corners, so that it will enter
the die D. This die consists of two
steel castings bolted to the near end
of the table C. The dies are formed
converging slightly wider than the
skelp width at the back, and taper down
to circular form at this end. There is
a space between the dies wide enough
to permit the entrance of the tongs E,
which grip the crimped skelp. The hook
F of the tongs E is dropped into the
endless, slowly moving forward chain
G, and draws the hot skelp through the
die. As it enters the die, a ball, the iii-
ternal size of the pipe, is dropped in be-
hind, and is held in place by hook H.
The pipe comes through as shown, the
edges overlapping, though not together.
When completely through, the tongs are
removed and the pipe is allowed to roll
down the runway I which consists of
several pieces of pipe on an easy slope.
The other end of these is at A, Fig. 3.
The rolling pipe is stopped by the
trough B on the car C. The overhead
Fl)f. 1. — First Furnace and Skelp Charging Mecbanisni.
Fig. 3. — Second Furnace and Charging Mechanism.
ITS
CANADIAN M A C li I N E R Y
part of the charging crane is station-
ary, with three running carriages for
the charging fingers, one to each of the
doors of the furnace E. All the con-
trol is from the control box D. The
pipe is introduced into the furnace for
reheating alternately through the doors
on either side, and when heated suffi-
ciently, an operator rolls it over oppo-
site the central opening, through which
it is shoved by the middle charging
finger, to the welding rolls at the other
end, A. Fig. 4.
Boiling and Welding.
The rolls are of cast iron, about 30
inches diameter, turned out to the fin-
ished size of the pipe. The top roll is
knurled at the bottom of the groove.
On the end of the rod B is a chilled
cast iron ball C. the size of the inside
diameter of the pipe. This ball, is run
up by the mechanism at D. directly be-
tween the rolls, and leaves a space be-
tween the ball and roll grooves, of the
thickness of the finished pipe. The pipe
is now shoved through from the far
side into the rolls, which force it over
the hall die. The rod B. holds the ball
die in place during the operation. Pre-
caution is taken to always have the
weldmg edge uppermost as it passes
through the rolls. Thus the Knurled
lace of the groove in the upper die
comes on the line of juncture, welding
it thoroughly; the small ridges of the
knurled surface doing this more efficient-
ly than if plain, and accounting for the
knurled line apparent on the finished
pipe. During this operation, the section
of the metal is reduced to such an ex-
tent as to elongate the pipe about two
inches per foot.
When completely through the joHs, tho
rod-moving mechanism at D. is set in
motion, drawing the rod from within
the pipe and sending it back on other
rolls, one of which is shown at E. The
die ball is left back at the rolls.
These die balls are frequently scored
after operation, and seldom last for
more than two dozen pipes, being some-
times useless after even one passage.
The still hot pipe in the trough F. is
lifted out by fingers on the shaft G.
and allowed to roll down pipes H.
It sometimes happens that one pass-
age of the rolls is not sufficient to thor-
oughly weld, and another passage is re-
quired; in which case the fingers I. arc
swung back, dropping the pipe into
tioncd in connection with Fig. 1. for
running the pipes back for re-welding
where necessary. It is essentially an
hydraulic jack which lifts the pipe above
the runback trough, and permits of its
swinging around end for end. The pipe
after leaving trough A. passes through
the .sizing rolls C. while still hot,
which brings it down to exact size,
after which it is rolled along a trough
on the other side of the sizing rolls till
Fig. g. — Sr/.in^ Itolls Sbcwiiig Tiirii-T.ilile.
trough. By the turntable shown in Fig.
5, the pipe is swung around, so that it
may pass through the rolls opposite
end on. Rollers in the runback trough
J. are set in motion, sending the pipe
back to be reheated and re-rolled, both
operations being as before described. In
case re-rolling is not necessary, as is
usual, fingers I. are left as shown,
permitting the pipe to pass over the
trough J.
Continuing reference to Fig. 5, the
pipe passes into trough A; the view
clearly showing how this trough is
aligned to be central for the rolls by
means of screws shown at B. The
trough at the welding rolls is similarly
arranged, allowing of adjustment to
take any size of pipe. To the left is
shown the turntable previously men-
it comes to the cross rolls A. Fig. 6,
which are elliptical and are placed at
an angle of about twenty degrees with
the axis of travel. This gives a rol-
ling, as well as longitudinal motion to
the pipe, accounting for the spiral
score marks to be found. The pipe
which is still a bright red, is given
several passages back and forth, after
which it is lifted out of the trough B.
by fingers in slots C. on to tho cooling
table, up which it travels slowly by
moving chains; being cool enough to
handle by the time it arrives at the
top, where it is rolled on to a long
table. The cooling table is the pride of
every operating engineer, and the one
shown is one of which S. Hall, superin-
tendent of the pipe mill might well be
proud
Vig. 4. -Welding KoUs and Ron-Back.
Fig. 6.— CrcLss Itolls .inil Coaling Table.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
179
From this table the pipes are taken
individually and straightened under a
heavy press, after which operation,
they pass into the machining room,
where the rough ends are cut ofi. The
pipe is then threaded and tested under
hydraulic pressure. After putting a
pipe connection on one end and a pro-
tecting ring on the other, the pipes are
ready for shipment.
Degrees in Engineering
By Joseph Horner.
'T^ HIS article is from the pen of Mr.
.Joseph Horner, the well-known en-
gineering writer and author, and was
contributed in the form of a letter to a
recent number of the "Times Engineer-
ing Supplement," London, Eng., as a
reply to a previous article by Dr. Flem-
ing in the same journal. Mr. Horner
gives the factory point of view, and
what he says will doubtless be read with
interest by a large circle of readers
holding like or contrary opinions. Pro-
ceeding, he says :
"Dr. Fleming's article raises a ques-
tion which has long exercised the minds,
and even appealed to the sense of humor
of the men who do the rough work of en-
gineering. Compare the strenuous life of
men engaged in the factory and on pub-
lic works with that of the class-room.
Those whose lives are occupied in these
constructive works know well how lit-i
tie real aid is to be derived from pure
science beyond elementary principles,
with sufficient arithmetic and mathema-
tics to apply those elements to practice.
The men who have been most successful,
men who possess and know how to ap-
ply this elemental knowledge, would not
have scored so well, often probably they
would have been sad failures, if they
had qualified at Universities for degrees
before commencing practical work.
Radical Difference of Training.
"The immense and radical difference be-
tween the training of the Universities
and that of the shops can hardly be ap-
preciated by a University man. It is
nearly impossible to do so, because the
atmosphere of one differs so totally from
that of the other. The engineer who is
the product of the text-books is not the
man who can construct an engine or ma-
chine, or lay foundations, or build a
bridge, or run an Atlantic liner, or
build up a flourishing business, or res-
cue a decadent business from bank-
ruptcy. All the rules have to be mo-
dified before they can be translated safe-
ly into practice.
"The real life of the successful factory
is strenuous, the hours are long, there
is no such thing as leisurely labor, at-
tention has to be concentrated, myriads
of difficulties which are never suggested
in anv text-i^ook, and which all the text-
books written in the world would never
contain, have to be met and surmounted
with promptitude. Money has to be
made ; and a slight difference in the cost
of production, and a few pounds more or
less in the figuring of a tender, will
throw the work into the hands of a
rival at home or abroad. Many little
economies total up to big aggregates.
They include choice of designs, one being
probably quite as suitable as another,
but the simpler is selected by the ex-
perienced manufacturer. They include
little economies effected , in all the shops
— in foundry, smithy, plating shops, and
in methods of tooling in turnery and ma-
chine shops. It is along these lines that
keen firms make money. But no text-
book attempts to explain these things,
no professor teaches them ; they can be
understood, or even appreciated, only by
a man who is thoroughly versed in the
methods of all the shops which collec-
tively form the engineers' works, which
knowledge only comes after many years
of close observation and experience.
The Highly Scientific Training.
"The claim is often made that a high-
ly scientific training is necessary to the
making of a scientific engineer. By this
somewhat vague term is understood the
man who is able to scheme and design
and complete mechanisms or works ab
initio, . an originator, a creator. But
there are no such men. Every great
triumph of engineering is the work of
many minds and many men, in which
theory has to be brought to the test of
practice. We see it going on to-day in
aviation ; we are familiar with it in the
case of machine tools, of locomotives, of
steam turbines, of gas producers and gas
engines, and much else. How very small
a section of the growth of any one of
these is the product of the colleges, how
much is due to the men who manufac-
ture ? Granted that the higher educa-
tion is desirable, and may be necessary
for the pioneers in engineering, the great
harm which is done by turning out so
many young men equipped with degrees
is that hopes are raised which can never
be materialized, because the supply vast-
ly exceeds the demand. In a works em-
ploying a thousand hands not half a
dozen such men can find employment.
The ordinary draughtsman has no scope
for the exercise of that training, neither
have the departmental managers and
foremen, certainly not the workmen.
The students who are turned out of the
colleges year by year will be sadly dis-
illusioned as they come to middle age
and find themselves occupying very sub-
ordinate positions The effect of this
kind of training is already becoming ap-
parent in the unpractical character of
too many of the articles which appear in
technical journalism, and which are read
before the engineering societies and pub-
lished in their proceedings. Highly ma-
thematical, tediously experimental, they
miss the living features which would ap-
peal to the manufacturer whose horizon
is, and must be, bounded by the solvency
of his firm. Engineering studies are be-
coming tar too academic in character.
Less College and More Shop.
The writer, who went through the
mill in the old. fashioned seven years' ap-
prenticeship, thinks that the old train-
ing supplemented by short technical
courses which were not then available is
the true remedy. There must be less of
college and more of shop. If the pupils
who went through the shops had been
privileged to sandwich such short college
terms in the period of their
pupilage there would not have been
so large a percentage of "Wast-
ers" turned out as there unfortun-
ately were. The point is that the per-
manent set must be taken in the shops,
not in the colleges, and therefore pro-
fessors should be men who have already
made a sound reputation in the work-
shops and on the erection of public
works— engineers primarily and profes-
sors afterwards. They would then be
qualified to teach essentials, to point
out the difficulties that arise and ex-
plain how they may be surmounted, to
deal with the financial side of manufac-
ture as it occurs in a hundred aspects
in every department, to put hypothetical
eases as in medical examinations, and so
test the aptitude or experience or ori-
ginality of a man. This would develop
the faculties that men have to exercise
every hour of their lives in the shops.
Standard Lists.
By Harold Smith, Toronto.
'TpHE importance of standardisation
must have occurred to manufac-
turers in the very earliest days of en-
gineering. More especially in the usage
of such common articles as screws,
bolts, etc., would their minds turn to
the possibilities of having a standard
thread to obviate the unnecessary de-
lays and expense incidental to so many
bastard styles. Finally, of course, as
we all Know, our ancestors got togeth-
er and agreed to use a definite stand-
ard, with enormous resulting economies.
In a similar way almost all large firms
are nowadays considering the standard-
isation possibilities in their factories, by
means of which duplicates of small
parts may be obviated, and the variety
of styles minimized. Standard lists are
generally recognized as the most prac-
tical way of accomplishing this and
maintaining it.
Object of Sample Lists.
Good samples of lists are shown in
the accompanying cuts. The object is to
180
CANADIAN MACHINERY
olace before the designer in as compact
(oTm as possible the particulars oi
standardised items, so that he may
pick out details for which his firm has
patterns, tools, jigs, etc., and without
which information he is liable to de-
sign articles varying in unimportant
particulars from what has been already
o. o.
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Standard Bushing Castings
MI BnviM LISTS. List /93
made, but still sufficiently different to
warrant perpetual capital expenditure.
This is likely to occur in a large
drafting office having several sections
dealing with diflerent kinds of machin-
ery; one section being imaoquainted
with the details of the others. It may
also occur in each section over a period
of years, as changes of staff occur
(due to men leaving) and their succes-
sors having no ready means of acquiring
the knowledge of what has already been
done.
Consider for instance bushings. What
a multitude of patterns of all lengths
and bores must firms accumulate on
their shelves. Also consider that a
standardisation system would have kept
their number down 50 per cent, or 25
per cent. Some of these patterns may
be used but once. Standard . lists prop-
erly looked after will prevent duplica-
tion of design as well as create a call
for standard parts from all depart-
ments. Careful watching will soon
show that certain items are in contin-
ual demand, and will enable the : tore-
keeper to order such parts and have
them machined in stock quantities, in-
stead of one or two at a time as re-
quired. The possibilities of saving in
production are obvious. When this
stock system has been establishetl, there
is a positive connection between draft-
ing room and stores, also the stock car-
ried by the latter is live. Moreover,
the amount of money invested in stock
will be reduced, as it will be constant-
ly turning over.
Formation of Lists.
It must be fully appreciated that a
standard list is not a mere tabulation
of all the sizes and varieties that could
possibly be used of any article, but a
list wherein these varieties are boiled
down to the lowest possible number
For instance in the case of studs, it
would not effect any economy to have
a list running from 2 up to say 6 inches
length, by steps of i inch unless every
different length was necessary. The es-
sential idea is to i enumerate only those
pieces which have been found to be
called for right along. Such lists can
be started gradually by taking different
articles one by one and careful analys-
ing existing designs. Do not make out
a theoretically correct list and try to
apply it, ignoring all past and existing
designs, as this would be expensive and
cause endless trouble. Build on what
has been done, and eliminate duplica-
tion gradually. It will take time and a
lot of trouble, but it is worth while.
No general rule can be made as to what
shoiild be standardised; every firm must
judge that for itself. Standard lists of
drills, reamers, jigs, gauges, milling cut-
ters, hobs and boring bars can be made
in a similar way to great advantage,
enabling the designer to make use of ex-
isting tackle,' and establishing close con-
nection between drafting and tool
rooms. Moreover it means that to some
extent a job is mentally planned and
routed as to operations in the shop be-
fore ever it leaves the' drawing board.
Standardization and Efficiency.
Do not sacrifice standardisation to ef-
ficiency, but once established do not
depart from it. Additions to list should
only be allowed by sanction of compet-
ent authority. No firm need think their
product too varied for this standardisa-
tion of details, in fact such conditions
will show up the value of the system
most.
Many firms do not have standard al-
lowances for fits in round holes. All
holes should be made standard size and
outside diameters turned, or according
to fit required. This means that ream-
ers, boring cutters, etc., can be kept in
tool stores ready for any job. In this
way, castings which previously were
bored in the engine lathe and finished
oft a mandrel (because quantity was
small and foreman did not consider the
expense of a reamer warranted) be-
comes a turret lathe job. with resulting
economies in production and accuracy.
If fits are allowed for in the oppo-
site way by making outside diameters
standard and holes plus or minus ac-
cording to fit, standard reamers, etc.,
become impossible, as 3 or 4 of each
size would be required, varying only a
few thousands from one another. This
also applies to gauges. Outside diame-
ters, being produced by lathe or grinder
and being gauged by nalcrometer, do not
require different tools for each size.
Turret lathes, the most productive ma-
chines we have, are too often looked
on by the management of a shop do-
ing a general business as too specializ-
ed for their work; yet standardisation
on the lines mentioned, makes them as
sound comparatively for jobbing as for
specialized production. Further the tool
room equipment in reamers, gauges,
boring cutters is not expensive when
once standard lists are in use, and their
principles embodied in designs before
they leave the drawing board.
Standard lists are not a cure-all, but
it is surprising how far-reaching are
their effects when properly established
and maintained, and how many small
economies will come naturally and
easily from. their use.
The writer is intimately acquainted
with two large old country firms who
have made them features of their fac-
tory organization, and both consider
them to be the only satisfactory way
of economically producing a varied pro-
duct. One firm manufactures a very
large variety of machine tools, and the
other a still larger variety of gener.al
uiachinery. Their lists, started in a
small way, now run from 300 to 400
sheets, being increased more and more
as their utility became apparent.
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fiwt Arbors see separate Lists
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Standard Shell Reamers
/.;sT 119
The Department Plan of Machine Tool Anrangement
By C. B. Auel *•
A Discussion of the Question of Manufacture on a Basis of Tool Arrangement as
Compared With Manufacture on a Basis of Product. Mr. Auel Shows That the
Growth of a Large Manufacturing Concern Som^etimes Warrants a Change From
the Former to the Latter, in Order to Effectually Cope With Orders.
T T WILL be found almost invariablj'
that in the orignial design and lay-
out of small and medium-sized manu-
facturing concerns, the tool equipment
has been so arranged as to group to-
gether operations of a like kind, such
as milling, planing, drilling, boring,
screw machine work, etc.
The reasons for this are: —
(1) That for each of the principal ma-
chining operations, there is frequently
but a single expert and in order to make
the best use of this talent, no other
scheme is permissible.
(2) The centralizing of machines of a
kind tends to decrease the number re-
quired for a given output.
As a result of these there follows logi-
cally : —
(3) Accuracy and speed in workman-
ship.
(4) Uniformity in method,
(5) Economy in floor space.
(6) Minimum distribution of power.
Feeder and Assembly Sections.
Under this method of production, a
shop may be said to be divided into two
portions, "feeder" and "assembly"
sections respectively, the "feeder" sec-
tions making the parts from the raw
materials and delivering them either to
storerooms or to "assembly" sections
where they are assembled into the com-
plete apparatus preparatory to test and
shipment. There will in general, be a
number of "feeder" sections, entirely
independent of one another and there
may likewise, be one or more "assem-
bly" sections. A production, planning
or routing department usually deter-
mines the manner in which orders are to
be brought through, arranges delivery
dates, keeps track of the orders as they
progress through the shop and exercises
general supervision over production.
The East Pittsburg plant of the West-
inghouse Electric and Manufacturing
Co. was operated until about three
years ago, along lines which may be
said to have been departmentalization
partly on a basis of tool equipment as
outlined and partly on a basis of pro-
duct, during which time it met condi-
tions fairly satisfactorily. However, in
any growing manufacturing concern,
there comes a time when the advantages
of the preceding arrangement arc more
•Paper read at the National Machine Tool
Bnllders' Convention, Atlantic City, May, 1911
•• Asst. Works Manager, Westlnghouge
Electric & Mfg. Co.
than offset by- the difficulties incident to
its successful operation. The increase
in volume of semi-finished parts passing
from "feeder" to "assembly" sections,
with the accompanying increase of cleri-
cal and other work and the multiplica-
tion of foremen and superintendents
concerned in the manufacture of any
one class of product, result in delays
and increased expenses of various kinds
which cannot be overcome, nor can the
recurrence of them be prevented.
Inability to Fill Orders Promptly.
Perhaps the greatest drawback of such
a scheme is the inability to fill orders
promptly. This is especially apparent
during periods of business depression
when quick delivery is of larger impor-
tance than at any other time. The
amount of stock on hand is then usually
lowest and accordingly a larger percent-
age of apparatus requires to be built
from the ground up, to fill customers'
orders. Under these circumstances, it
becomes imperative to place so-called
"rush," "forfeiture" and other orders
of a like nature in a class by themselves
and to conduct them personally, as it
were, through the shop. In the doing of
this though, other orders are relegated
to the back-ground with consequent dis-
astrous results particularly in the mat-
ter of dissatisfaction on the part of the
customers for whom such orders are in-
tended. Of course, the greater the vol-
ume of these special orders, the greater
the ensuing confusion and delay in con-
nection with others, so that this method
of procedure is not a solution of a diffi-
cult problem but simply a makeshift, a
temporary expedient, to be abandoned as
quickly as some more rational method
presents itself.
Another vital difficulty perhaps equal
in importance to that already mention-
ed, is the matter of divided responsibil-
ity, no one individual being primarily
responsible for any complete piece or
class of apparatus. Such being the case,
it is exceedingly difficult even to make
an attempt to ameliorate or to improve
conditions which are known to need at-
tention, for the reason that there seems
to be no proper place at which to com-
mence the betterment work. As a result
of these conditions and without going
any more minutely into an analysis of
the difficulties, it is reasonable to assume
that in consequence of shipments being
delayed and respon.sibility divided.
"work in progress" and "stocks, raw
and finished" will be high.
Factory Departmentalization.
Recognizing that methods of manufac-
ture which had iu the past been satis-
factory for their needs, were, for the
reasons already stated, proving inade-
quate to handle the increasing volume of
business, the Westinghouse Electric and
Manufacturing Co. spent considerable
time in investigating the methods of
other large companies in similar lines of
business, with the result that it was
deemed advisable to modify the original
scheme in favor of so-called "factory
departmentalization"; that is, to divide
the plant into a number of separate
units, as self-contained as the nature of
the work of each would permit ; in other
words, to treat the units like indepen-
dent factories, housed together under
the same roof for mutually advantage-
ous purposes, yet buying from and sell-
ing to one another their various commo-
dities as circcmstances made desirable.
A scheme of this kind naturally causes
a number of duplications of the organiz-
ation and equipment. While this is so, it
does not necessarily involve any material
increase in either, since the change is
more in the nature of a re-arrangement
of the existing equipment and organiza-
tion, with the addition here and there
of a few tools which under the original
plan, were used in common by two or
more departments. Even this may to
some extent be avoided by assigning
such tools to the department requiring
them most and permitting the other de-
partments fo have their work' done on
requisition. '
In introducing this scheme in the East
Pittsburg work.s, it was deemed advis-
able as a precautionary measure to put
it into effect in but one department only,
further progress along this line to be de-
pendent wholly upon the results obtain-
ed. This was accordingly done and with
very gratifying results, almost from the
very commencement. It was found as
anticipated that among other advan-
tages, shipments were facilitated and
"work in progress" and "stocks" de-
creased to a very marked degree.
Comparison of Flans.
Comparing the routine in,this particu-
lar department under the original and
the modified plans, in the former the
work was performed by 22 sections lo-
cated in 13 independent departments;
in the plan as modified, the same work
182
CANADIAN MACHINERY
is now doue by 13 sections in 7 inde-
pendent departments. This, however, by
no means emphasizes the difference even
in the routine, for the reason that under
the modified plan authority for an entire
line of product is vested in a single in-
dindual, who therefore, is enabled to ex-
ercise his discretion as to the raw and
partly finished items to be carried. By
a judicious selection of these, he has at
all times a certain amount of .stock on
liaud and is thus to a large extent not
dependent in the matter of deliveries on
the other sections outside of his author-
ity which supply him with materials.
As a consequence of the excellent
showing made in the department select-
ed for trial, departmentalization was
gradually extended throughout the plant
until now the work has been almost com-
pleted. Though not yet perfected, the
general results have been a confirmation
of those obtained in the department in
which the scheme was first tried.
Departmentalization Not Always Prac-
ticable.
It is hardly practical to carry this de-
partmental idea into all sections; for
example, in the pattern shops and foun-
dries, or in certain other places where
either the work or the equipment is
very special; neither has it been deem-
ed wise to include disc grinding or pol-
ishing on account of the deleterious ef-
fect of the dust and fumes on other ma-
chines in the vicinity, though certain
work of this kiml is being done in some
of the departmentalized sections where
facilities for carrying off the dust and
fumes have been provided.
As at present arranged, there are in
the Works eight fairly self-contained
departments as follows: —
(1) Railway, Mining and Crane
Motors.
(2) Power — for large gen'erators and
motors.
(3) Control — for railway and indus-
trial control apparatus.
(4) Detail — for switchboards and ae-
ee8.<!orie8.
(5) Small Motor — for small power
motors.
(6) Transformers.
(7) Locomotive.
(8) Industrial — for medium size
motors.
Be-sides these, certain "feeder" sec-
tions still continue: — coils, punchings,
blacksmith, cabinet and j<attern-making,
screw machine, foundries, etc.
With re.spcct to the screw machine
section, it may be stated that this has
been departmentalized to some extent,
though the greater portion, for the
manufacture of such parts as are made
in large quantities and carried in stock
by the central stores remains unchanged.
Regarding the other "feeder" sections,
it is possible that some of them may in
due coui"se be departmentalized, without
necessarily chan^jing their present geo-
graphical location; but simply by assign-
ing a certain proportion of the floor
space and the tool equipment in each,
to each of the already departmentalized
units.
Advantages of Departmentalization.
The results obtained in the other de-
partments have been as ah'eady stated,
but a repetition in gi-eater or lesser de-
gree of those in the department where
the modified plan was first tried out.
Summarizing the various advantages
they may be said to include: —
(1) Centralizing of authority in the
production of each class of apparatus.
(2) Decrease in time required to fill
customers' orders.
(3) Increase in output in a given
period.
(4) Decrease in "work in' progress"
and in "stocks".
(5) Saving in floor space.
(6) Decrease in handling of materials.
(7) Decrease in clerical labor.
(8) Decrease in indirect expense in
overhead burden
(9) Increase in individual initiative.
(10) Healthy competition between sim-
ilar sections and departments.
In the matter of accounting, depart-
mentalization has been carried even fur-
ther than it has with the manufactured
products, for every part of the works
whether a "feeder" section or a com-
plete department, is now self-contained
in this respect, giving a total of 53 such
units in all. These being comparatively
small, permit the ready compilation of
the transactions of the preceding month,
so that all inter-sectional and inter-de-
partmental accounts are therefore bal-
anced on a monthly basis. A further
advantage of this feature is that each
unit has its own percentage of indirect
expense or overhead burden, figured on
its total productive labor which percent-
age is changed from time to time as cir-
cumstances seem to warrant. Order
costs are compiled by the "feeder" sec-
tions and departments themselves. It
may be stated that it is not the aim to
show either a profit or a loss in any of
the sections or departments, so that when
either of these conditions arise, the
overhead percentage is altered accord-
ingly. Every month each of the units
in the works is provided with a set of
charts or curves giving a continuous
record of its performance in total pro-
ductive labor, total expense labor and
total expense materials, the expense
items being also segregrated along vari-
ous helpful lines, all shown directly in
dollars and cents and many as a per-
centage of total productive labor as well.
This percentage i" considered as a meas-
ure of the expense labor and material
efflciencv.
Scope of the System.
Regarding systems of wage payment,
day work, piece work and premium work
are all used, in the proportion at the
present time of 35, 14 and 51 per cent,
respectively. Time limits and piece
work prices are set by duly qualified ex-
perts and onlj after careful considera-
tion of all the factors involved. In de-
termining these a base is first set which
base is assumed as the time required to
do the work by the average skilled work-
pian working regularly as he ought to
work. To this base time an incentive is
added depending upon the class of work,
surrounding conditions, prevailing day
rates in the district, etc., which total
time then becomes the time limit in the
case of premium work; or from it is fig-
ured the piece work price where piece
work is used. Upon the completion of
each job, the actual time taken is com-
pared by the time clerk with the base
time and if the former is in excess, the
matter is further investigated. In one
of the departments, all time slips in
each section at the end of each pay are
totalled twice, first, with reference to
base times, second, with reference to
' actual times ; the ratio between them be-
ing the efficiency of the section as far as
productive labor is concerned. This
scheme applied to a workman's time
slips, will likewise give the individual
efficiency and was originally so used it
is believed, by Harrington Emerson. It is
possible the scheme may be applied gen-
erally in due course.
Departmentalization on the basis of
product has likewise been extended so as
to include the engineering and to a some-
what lesser extent the sales correspon-
dence departments; in fact, in certain
instances the engineers and the corres-
pondents are located alongside of one
another with the result that much of the
routine work in connection with orders
is facilitated.
In conclusion it i will be appreciated
that in what has been said within the
limits of this paper, only the barest out-
line has of necessity been given of a
few of the present methods of working
of the Westinghouse Electric and Manu-
facturing Co. from the ^dewpoint of de-
partmentalization on the basis of pro-
duct. It is not intended in any sense to
convey the idea that this method of
operating a large and growing manufac-
turing concern is the only correct way;
but, from the experience of our com-
pany, it is quite evident that it is the
best method for its particular " needs.
No general statement can be made as to
when it would appear advisable for a
similar concern to change over from
manufacturing on a basis of tool equip-
ment to manufacturing on a basis of
product, as experience alone would seem
to be the guide.
Machine Shop Troubles, Happenings and Improvements
By Blackrock
Affording an Opportunity for Readers to Keep in Touch With What is Being Said and
Done hi/ Their Confreres'. A Record of the Light That is Being Thrown on the Elements
of Design, ('onstructionnl Detail, and Operation; the Daily Troubles Arising, the Difficul-
tif'x to he overcome, and the Remedies Suggested.
TWIST DRILL GRINDING.
By H. N. Harding.*
T PROPOSE to first take up the
■*• grinding of the different kinds of
twist drills, stating the grain and
grade of wheels that have been found to
be best suited tor the work together
with the results of various tests that
have been made.
As the ordinary carbon steel drill is
perhaps the most frequently seen and
used, we will consider this first.
There is ordinarily from .020" to .025"
stock remaining on the part of the drill
to be fluted and from .010" to ,015"
on the shank if it is tapered, when the
drill comes to the grinder from the
lathe. The first operation is the rough-
ing of the part of the drill to be fluted
removing from .008" to .010" to a limit
of from .002" to .003." This operation
is necessary that the drill may be held
securely in a bushing to be fluted, and
you will readily see that as a good
finish is not necessary, the wheel best
fitted for this work is one that will re-
move the stock quickest.
It has been found that the 24 com-
bination L wheel is well fitted for this
work— fifty-eight 1 l-Ki" drills being
ground in an hour, .010" to .012" stock
removed to a limit jjf .001". The 24
combination M wheel is also used on
this class of work.
I have found personally that the ten-
dency of the operator is to use the hard
wheel because he says it "stands up"
better and he does not have to true it
so often, and this by the way is a thing
that the average operator seems to hold
as a last resort.
A little aside from the subject, but I
had an experience recently that illus-
trates the point very well. I called at
a certain factory to start a machine
and found that while they had been run-
ning it for a week, the operator could
not remember that they had trued the
wheel more than twice. When I trued
the wheel twice for every arborful (they
were grinding piston rings) they said
they thought it would wear the wheel
too rapidly, but as the time was more
then cut in two, they thought is "help-
ed some."
To, return to the subject : the next
grinding operation is the finish grinding
of the flutes and shanks of the hardened
.N.irtoli (irindinc ('.>
Wid'CCSttM'. MM.'tS.
drill. This is really two operations, but
where two machines are operated by ona
man, one is set up for grinding the
flutes and the other the shank.
I have personally found that the 24
combination K wheel gives the best re-
sults on the flutes. For this work a
14" X 2" X 5," 60-80, grade K, has
also been used and sixty-six J" drills
per hour, thirty-two IJ" drills per
hour and twenty-one 2J" drills per
hour have been ground complete, mean-
ing both flute and shank ; one operator
running two machines, one on flutes
and one on shanks, removing .008" to
.014" from the flutes and .010" to .015"
from the shanks to limits of .0025"
variation in diameter, and 1-32" to
1-16" in length of shank. A 1-4" x 1^"
X 5", 60-80-M wheel was used in grind-
ing the shanks.
Regarding the grinding of high speed
steel drills it has been found that a
little more than two-thirds of the work
can be done on high speed steel that is
done on ordinary carbon steel. This is
borne out by the fact that with one
operator running two machines with
.010" to .015" to remove from the
flutes and .010" to .012" to remove
from the shanks, forty-five J" high
speed steel drills were ground in an
hour to a limit of .0005" in diameter
and 1-32" variation in length of shank.
A ,24 combination L wheel was used for
this work.
I have noticed that in finish grinding
the flutes where finish is quite an im-
portant feature, that if the wheel is
too hard the work will show a burned
appearance just where the fluting stops,
due probably to the fact that the wheel
has become glazed or is trued too fine,
and while it cuts all right on the flute
where there is a clearance for the wheel,
immediately it comes in contact with
the full diameter of the stock, the pres-
sure of the wheel on the work is great-
er and therefore this part of the drill
will be burned.
I have purposely left the grinding of
flat twist drills until last because we
have had less experience with this line
than the others. They are much harder
to grind as a rule, for the material is
such that if it is overheated during the
grinding process the edges of the drill
will check and crack and the drill will
probably prove worthless. We ground
some of these drills at the factory some
time ago, the grinding being witnessed
by the customer's superintendent. After
grinding these drills were subjected to
a test of being dropped a distance of
four feet to a cast iron block. These
drills were straight shank drills and in
the test mentioned 1-16 in. stock was
removed from the diamfitcr of the work
to a limit of .0005 in. at 1/he drill
point. One operator ran two 6x32 in.
machines with the following result:
No. of
Drills. Diam. Time.
48 9-16 in. 1 hr. 48 min.
27 5-8 in. 1 hr. 15 min.
20 li in. 2 hrs. 15 min.
(Two drills broke in each of the above
tests.)
In another instance, twenty-flve | in
straight shank flat twist drills were
ground in one hour, removing i in. of
stock to a limit of .0005 in. at the
drill point, one operator running two
machines. The wheel used in this case
was a 24 combination M.
TESTING BABBITT METALS.
AN elaborate test of six samples of
babbitt metals was recently made in
England by a professor of engineering,
assisted by a metallurgist, and was
published by a prominent engineering
journal occupying six columns with
charts, tables and photographs. They
gave the formula of only one of the
metals; a "genuine babbitt," and were
apparently satisfied with the statement
that the other five samples contained
varying proportions of lead, or words
to that effect. It is fair to presume
that these five samples were simply an
ordinary batch of babbitt mietals of dif-
ferent proportions of lead, tin and an-
timony and perhaps a little copper.
Purpose of Test.
The test was made for compression,
tension, hardness, bending, impact and
micographic. The summation of the
test was expressed in the statement
that all the samples withstood a great-
er stress than would likely have been
put upon them in actual service. They
did not give out a single test showing
the anti-frictional qualities of these
metals or the comparative values from
the co-efficients although the gentlemen
conducting the test must have appre-
ciated the value of such figures and
also of giving formulas by which com-
parative figures would show the rela-
tive values of the different composi-
tions.
184
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Anti-Frictional Qualities Overlooked.
They must have had some message to
give out to the public in having made
and published this test, but we doubt
if its value will be apparent to the or-
dinary layman for lack of details re-
garding the metals. Had this informa-
tion been supplied it would have been
interesting and instructive as far as it
went, but any experienced babbitt man
knows that mere hardness in a babbitt
metal expresses only a comparatively
unimportant phase of the conditions to
be met and are requisite in practical
use. In fact, the very ingredients that
harden a metal if used beyond a certain
quantity, impair its anti-frictional
qualities and it is therefore more liable
to neat and run out of the box. The
average shaft is so designed that it
rarely, if ever, imposes upon the bear-
ing a greater weight than it can safely
sustain; in fact there is usually a large
factor of safety, as the ordinary bab-
bitt under compression test will sus-
tain a weight of four or five tons per
square inch.
What is it then that ordinary mor-
tals want to know or ought to know
about babbitt metals? Is not the whole
story that is worth while told by a
test that shows the comparative values
of babbitt metals from the co-efficients?
It certainly ought to be, if the tests
are made properly, for such tests will
of necessity show the value and capac-
ity of the raetals under varying loads
and speeds up to their maximum capac-
ity. Such tests should also be made
with lubricants of different viscosities
and also with water as a lubricant, if
metals will stand the water test— for it
is well to know how a metal will per-
form in case the oil supply gives out
or the oil holes becomes clogged. Lub-
ricants, particularly of high viscosity,
interpose a thin film between the shaft
and the bearing and will bolster up to
a considerable extent a very ordinary
babbitt, but when you come down to
the water test, you get at the very
heart of things and it will give you the
true innate anti-frictional values of
the metals tested. It is a case with
babbitt metals of in aqua Veritas.
Babbitt Troubles.
Probably 90 per cent, of babbitt
troubles are due to frictional heat:
sometimes supplemented by initial heat
and if a metal lacks anti-frictional
qualities, what availeth it to be hard,
as hardness will not protect it from
heating and squashing, in fact it will
run out of box much quicker than will
an anti-friction metal that might show
considerably less sustaining powers und-
er compression test. There is a great
deal of misinformation on this subject
of mere hardness in babbitt metals and
there are engineers and mechanics who
still form their opinion of a babbitt by
whittling on it with a pocket knife. It
is axiomatic that if a metal heats
readily it is due to frictional resistance
and that frictional resistance is caused
by the interlocking and tearing apart of
the two surfaces in contact. This waste
of power causes a greater consumption
of coal, lubricants and metal; it neces-
sitates more frequent rebabbitting, and
there is the liability of "shut downs"
and overloading the boilers.
The economics and safety from using
ii high grade anti-friction metal on all
bearings are so apparent that it would
seem unnecessary to offer any argument
in its favor or to point out that it is
poor economy to use an ordinary grade
babbitt merely because of the initial
saving in cost. Where accurate figures
are kept in a factory of all items of
expense, it will not take long to demon-
strate the economy and other desirable
features of using a high grade anti-
friction metal that will show a low
co-efficient of friction particularly if
it will stand up under a water test.
Description of the Gardner Crank-Pin Turning
Machine
From " Engineering "
The text and illustrations refer to a specialhj design-
ed tool for the rapid and accurate machining of
crank-pins. The designers being under the necessity
of using large numbers of cranks for gas and oil
engines, experimented largely, and as a result thij*
tool tvas evolved, giving results which completely
justify, they think, the time and money spent.
The chief principle involved in the
method adopted in this new machine is
that of actually "forming" the crank-
pin by means of a tool the full width of
the crank-pin. To render this method of
turning possible a positive drive, as
Detail Description.
It will be seen that the headstock
drum or spindle carries on its outer end
a large helical gear-wheel, which is
driven by a pinion on the end of the
main spindle of the gear-box. The main
l'"i;;. 1. Crank Tin Turninj^ Muuliliie.
close to the crank-pin as possible, is
absolutely necessary, ancj this is one of
the features of the design. A general
perspective view of the machine is
shown in Fig. 1, while Fig. 2 shows a
crank in position. Figs 3 and 4 arc
two views of a crank, with reference
letters for dimensions.
drive to the machine consists of one
pulley only, 16 in. in diameter, tor a
4-in. belt, the pulley running at 350
revolutions per minute; all speed varia-
tions are obtained from a system of
gears carrit'd in a gear-box mounted on
the headstock. This gear-box gives eight
speed-changes, arranicd in geometrical
CANADIAN MACHINERY
185
progression, the speed-changes being ob-
tained by means of interlocking levers;
these levers prevent the possibility of
two speeds being simultaneously I'agag-
ed. All gears are of ample widf.h ,.r.d
diameter, and have carefully cut teeth
of special shape to ensure (luiec run-
ning, and they run in an oil bath. As
i'ig.
-Crank Pin Turning Machine.
will be seen by Fig. 1, the headstocks
are carried on a strong bed of box sec-
tion, the interior of which is used as
an oil-well for the cutting-tool lubri-
cant; provision is made for returning
the oil to the well after leaving the
tools.
The headstock of the machine has a
large hollow spindle carefully and accur-
ately fitted; this spindle is actually a
drum, large enough in internal diameter
to accommodate the end of the crank-
shaft, wnen fixed eccentrically to the
extent of the required throw of the
crank. On the face of this drum is
mounted a special chuck, which fixes
positively the exact throw of the crank;
the crank-shaft itself is supported in the
chuck close to the web, and at the other
end, inside the spindle, by a special
steady disc which can be moved to any
point to suit the length of the crank.
In addition to this the crank is further
held by the web by means of clamping
screws on the face of the chuck, thus
eliminating all torsional vibration of tho
crank-shaft itself. The method will be
best understood by reference to Figs. 1
and 2. The overhanging end of the
crank-shaft is supported by moans of a
small following headstock, as shown in
the illustrations.
The machine is provided with a speci-
ally long cross-slide, and on the front
end of this is mounted a tool-holder,
which carries the roughing tool. A sec-
ond tool-holder, carrying the finishing
tool, is mounted behind the crank-pin,
so that the turning operation-can ibc en-
tirely removed without removing either
the crank or the tools. In addition to
the "necking" tool-holder a "crowning"
rest is provided, fixed at the back of the
cross-slide, for the purpose of topping
or crowning the ends of the crank-
webs. Both the cross-slide and the
crowning rest have the necessary auto-
matic feeds. For "crowning" the webs
the crank is held in tho same chuck as
for necking; but to obtain its correct
radial position for this operation, a
second hole in provided in the chuck to
receive the crank-shaft. A pump is fit-
ted for feeding the lubricant to the cut-
ting tool's; this is driven from a separ-
ate constant-speed shaft on the gear-
box, and a continuous and uniform sup-
ply of lubricant is secured at all
speeds of the machine. Grenerally,. the
machine is of massive and strong de-
sign, and it is claimed that the work
obtained by it is greatly superior to
that produced by any existing method of
machining crank-pins, both as regards
quality of work and economy of labor.
Performance and Features.
In the table are given a few examples
of cranks turned by the machine, and
the time required for machining in all
cases the time given covers the com-
plete operation of fixing, machining, and
taking the crank pin out of the mach-
ing when finished. At present the mak-
ers are listing one size cf machine only
with a barrel of 15 in. internal diameter;
■ the maximum capacity is determin-
ed by adding the throw of the crank to
half the diamater of the shaft. This
sum must not exceed 7i in.
The chief features claimed for the
machine are perfect alignment of crank-
pin with the crank-shaft; pins finished
round within a maximum limit of error
of 0.0005 in.; perfect control of the fin-
ishing tool; and diameter of crank-pin
accurately controlled by large graduated
disc on the feed-screw. Once the disc is
set, the correct diameter can be repro-
duced any number of times without
actual gauging. There is reduction in
labor charges. The machine is adapt-
able within the capacity of the barrel.
Multiple-throw cranks can be machined
as readily and expeditiously as cranks
with a single throw.
Each machine is sent out complete
with the fallowing parts: — Three "rough-
ing" fornn tool-holders, three "finish-
ing" form tool-holders, one "crowning"
tool-holder and tool, one tool-grinding
gauge, and all necessary spanners and
accessories. A complete equipment of
tools for machining one size of crank is
supplied with each machine. This
equipment consists of the following
parts: — One crank-chuck, one crank-pin
roughing tool, one crank-pin finishing-
tool, one supporting dog, and one
steady disc. The net weight is about
four tons. L. Gardner & Sons, Barton
Hall Engine Works, Patricroft, Man-
chester, are the makers.
HOW THE AIR BRAKE FIRST WAS
USED.
The air-brake, writes Paul Latzke in
Everybody's, was ushered into actual
use in most dramatic fashion. The trial
trip occurred in April, 1869. The train
selected was the Steubenville accommo-
dation running between Pittsburg and
Steubenville, Ohio. When the train was
going at full speed, suddenly, as be
came around a sharp curve, the engi-
neer saw a stalled wagon in the middle
of the track dead ahead. With hand-
brakes only, nothing could have prevent-
ed a terrible smash-up. The formal
time tor the trial of the air-brake had
not come, but the brake was there, aud
in desperation, not believing for a mo-
ment that the thing could possibly
avail, the engineer threw on the air.
But it did avail. The observers iu the
rear were almost catapulted out of
their seats by the shock of the sudden
stop. But when they saw the engine
fairly poking its nose into the wagon-
bed, so narrow had been the margin be-
tween safety and disaster, they forgot
all about their shock and stood in awed
silence.
Lard oil is now the standard material
for use in coating the cast iron molds
used for casting brass for rolling. It
should be of the best grade and free from
mineral or vegetable oils. Fish oil was
used for many years, but the smell is
objectionable. It gives equally as good
results, however, as the lard oil.
Gold is the most malleable metal, but
the presence of as small an amount as
0.0003 per cent, of antimony will cause
it to crack in rolling.
Tablk l.—Timt Taken lo Turn Cranki, <« in Fis/i. i\
and 4, on 15/n. OrankPin Macktnt.
A.
B.
0.
D.
B.
r.
Crownlngr
>, Time in
"■ Minutea
Necking
Time in
Minuto
Earh.
ToUl
Time.
In.
In.
S
In.
In.
7
in. In.
Si 't
In.
!| I 8
S5
33
3i
«*| r
22
16
a
H
!J
i
»
i| «J i S 1 5
!l
Th« Um«a ioecified Include Mtttng^ ami »U other operfttiona.
The dotted line showa the aUte of the cr»nk-neck before turn-
ing, after the dlab has been removed from between the webe by
drillinff «>d slotting in the usual way.
The machine is quite capable of turning the crank-neck from
the eolid forging, but it ie found quicker flrat to remove the
slab, uwtead of making chips of all the metal which haa to be
removed.
•Iff.
aiul 4. Cnink Pin Turning Machine.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Tilings in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
A SIMPLE PIPE CENTRE.
By J. C. M'.
A pipe centre that has the advantage
o( not coming o(I the spindle when the
pipe is removed, is shown in the at-
lar K, which may be of aluminum for
lightness, is then placed over the end of
shaft, so that one end bears against the
shrink ring A. The screw is brought to
bear against the other end of the yoke
11 THO& PER INCH
I HOLtS roK
SCRILWINa NOSC
IMTO PLACE'
Simple Pipe Centre.
tached cut, which is self-explanatory.
The cone may be of any desired dimen-
sions, and means for thorough lubrica-
tion of the spindle should be given care-
ful attention.
The best way to make this centre is as
follows: — First, form the male and fe-
male screw threads, then bore out the
large part • of the cone and make the
spinale a tight driving fit. Screw on the
nose, and turn cone to required Jize.
Remove spindle and ease it until cone
revolves readily without play. The
spindle shank is made to fit into the
lathe tail-stock spindle. The apparatus
might be somewhat improved by having
a vulcanized fibre washer between the
cone and the spindle collar.
and pressure applied until the rotor
stands exactly central with the shaft
journals. A surface gauge L placed
against the end of the journals tells
when this has been accomplished. When
the shrink ring cools the rotor will be
held firmly in position. It is important
that it be exactly central, otherwise the
pull to one side will cause excessive
friction on one journal shoulder.
The rotor and shaft are supported by
the wooden block J, which can be rais-
ed or lowered by the screw H, to suit
STACKING MOTOR ROTORS.
By A. Mitchell.
This press is used for pressing to-
gether the laminated iron plates that go
to form the core of a motor armature,
when they are placed on the shaft with-
out a spider, and is of simple design,
as may be seen from the cut.
A is a wooden frame supporting the
press, etc. B, the core or rotor con-
sisting of iron disks about .014" thick.
C C are cast iron flanges. D is the
motor shaft. K an iron block against
which the end of the shaft bears. P is
a similar block forming a nut for the
screw.
After the plates have been assembled
between the flanges, a ring C is heated
and placed in position. A yoke or col-
the various roter diameters. The block
J is guided vertically by two rods N
working in holes in the lower bar
which forms the nut for screw H.
MM are rods of cold rolled steel which
take the thrust, and are about 1 inch
diameter. Pins through the rods serve
to adjust the length of the press to suit
different lengths of motor shafts. The
block J with its screw and nut can also
be moved along the rail to any required
position.
INCREASED VISE FACILITIES.
By Don. A. Hampson.
Some time ago, a writer in Canadian
Machinery spoke of the need of increased
vise facilities, with particular reference
to having same close to the work. There
is no doubt as to the advantage of hav-
ing vises accessible to machine and floor
hands, and the portable tool is doing
much toward this end. In our general
machine department, the vises were bolt-
ed to the wall benches, making it neces-
sary for floor, milling and planer men to
walk from 20 to 50 feet every time they
had to do a little filing or chipping (of-
ten several times an hour), this cut
deeply into the day's production.
Reference to the photo shows the style
of vise-stand we built to save this wast-
ed time. The legs are a heavy stock
casting as is also the top and these we
combined as shown, putting in a stif-
fening rod at the bottom, and mounting
f>o
tc:5
Rn:or £t cl* iiif /-rj-iii H-s-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
187
with a vise. Such an outfit taltes care
of anything a man can put between the
vise jaws without its sliding around on
the floor. When desired to move it, a
shop trucic is slipped under one leg. The
top is planed, making a rough surface
Vise Stand
plate as well as a place to lay tools and
work.
INTERESTING PIECE OF FORGING
WORK.
By J. H. W.
Cast iron wheel centres for locomo-
tives have never been looked upon fav-
orably in European practice, and until
the advent of steel castings, locomo-
tive wheels were always forged of
wrought iron. This was a job requir-
ing much skill and care. The wheel-
smiths were generally men who had
grown up in the trade, consequently the
reliability of the work they turned out
and the smoothness of its finish, was
remarkable.
The cut shows diagrammatically how
the wheel was made. The spokes A were
' forged separately, while the rim was
forged in small segments B, one such
to each spoke. Fig. 1 . These rim pieces
were then welded to the spokes, as
shown in Fig. 2. Another common
practice was to forge the upper half of
the spoke solid with the rim and after- ■
wards weld on the other half spoke.
The pieces shown in Fig. 2 were arrang-
ed in a circle. Figs 3 and 4, and
clamped together.
One side of the wheel centre was then
raised to a welding heat, and a thick
disk or washer, C, Fig. 4, was simil-
arly treated in another fire, the two be-
ing afterwards welded together, as were
the spoke ends next the centre at the
some time. The other side of the centre
was treated in like fashion, on comple-
tion of which the wheel appeared as
in Fig. 5. The next operation was to
complete the rim by welding in wedge-
shaped pieces at each gap, as shown in
Fig. 6. An alternative method of doing
this is illustrated in Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 shows a section of the com-
pleted wheel, ready to be faced, bored,
turned and have the tire shrunk on.
WORKING IN THE DARK.
By J. W. I.
■TT^HIil result of observation during a
varied experience as machinist, leads
me to say that in threading a left hand
nut in the lathe, the operator never
fails to adopt the method by which
starting to cut the thread is performed
from the inner or face plate end of the
job. This I call working in the dark,
as there is a much simpler and easier
way of doing it.
If you have no reversing belt on the
lathe, cross the cone belt, use a right
hand instead of a left hand threading
tool, then run your lathe backwards and
start your cut from the front. By do-
ing this, you can see how the tool is
working and make calipering easy. This
little kink may be helpful to journeyman
.and apprentice alike.
HIGH SPEED STEEL.
By J. H. W.
Before blindly deciding for high-speed
steel, because fashionable, it is advis-
.able in a small shop, that the superin-
tendent go carefully into the question
for him.self, and see if he can really
save money by adopting it. If his shop
is equipped with modern machinery, he
need have no hesitation in using it
wherever possible. There are many
shops, however, turning out good work
to-day by means of machine tools which
are distinctly old-fashioned. These old
style machines were never built for
heavy cuts, the cone pulleys and belting
being too narrow to transmit the ad-
ditional power required. In fact, all
parts of the machine are generally found
to be too light, to stand up to the
strain imposed by modern high speed
steel operation. Even were the line
shafts speeded up and heavier belts put
in, it will be found impossible tu take
heavier cuts than with carbon steel,
owing to the excessive vibration of the
machine.
All things considered then, It is
highly improbable that more than 50
per cent, efficiency will be got out of
high. speed steel under these conditions,
although it may be advantageously used
for light rapid finishing cuts. ,The cost
of reputable brands of high speed steel
is from 2i to 4 times that of ordinary
crucible tool steel, therefore its pur-
chase is not to be lightly undertaken
unless it can be used at maximum effi-
ciency. I do not wish for a moment, to
disparage its use in a shop fitted with
modern machine tools, for under such
conditions it has been shown over and
over again to be well worth its extra
cost.
Modern theory points to the advisa-
bility of the old-fashioned shop scrap-
ping its machinery as raj)idly as pos-
sible, and installing thoroughly up-to-
date machine tools. This course gener-
ally pays better than attempting to
stiffen and speed up tools that were
never designed for the work now de-
manded of them.
0 tj
1}
■tf
"" I P 1
■
" — .1
An InicrettinK Piece of Forging Worlt.
188
CANADIAN MACHINEKY
Annual Outing of the Central Railway Club
By J. H. Williams
Being a brief account of how bxisy men spent a
profitable and healthful day, forgetting for the time
being, and wisely so, the stress and pressure of their
week day callings. Such outings are a fitting
climax to the work of the club during the winter,
and do much towards arousing enthusiasm for future
sessions.
THE fourth annual outing of the Cen-
tral Railway and Engineering
Club of Canada, took place on Satur-
day, June 17th. About 250 members
left Toronto at 9 a.m. by special train
for Beaverton Beach, on Lake Simcoe.
During the journey out and return, the
energetic members of the committee, ar-
ranged as chefs in spotless white, dis-
pensed various forms of refreshment, as
well as some excellent smokes,— in fact
the quality of the stogies was the sub-
ject of much favorable comment, and
"Canadian Machinery" enjoyed them as
much as any.
Doings at Beaverton.
Blea's Band was in attendance, and
under the conductorship of genial Band-
master H. G. Fletcher, headed the pro-
cession from Beaverton station to the
hotel, where the camera man promptly
went through his usual stunt.
The first event on the programme
of sports was shortly afterwards brought
off. This was described as a grand
scramble to the dining hall; and strange
to say, every member present entered.
When the demands of the inner man had
been amply satisfied a general move
was made to the sports field, where the
band was discovered parading in fan-
tastic costume,— a very tall Highlander
in a very short kilt being the most
conspicuous figure; although all were a
success.
Event No. 2, was soon called in the
stentorian and megaphonic tones of An-
nouncer E. A. Wilkinson. This was a
grand five-innings baseball match be-
tween the Mechanics and the Pedlars,
tor a silver challenge cup. The game,
which ended in a win for the Mechan-
ics (6 — 5), created great excitement,
and the frequent advice tendered to
"Mike," showed that A. W. Carmichael
was occupying a large share of the
fans' attention.
The third event,— Avoirdupo.s Cba.'u-
pionship, was very keenly contested.
None were eligible unless meariun.iig at
least 40 8-64 inches around the "lower
chest" — DO blowing out during measure-
ment permitted. One yard handicap al-
lowed for every inch over the minimum
permissible size. The distance was 100
yaris and the race was won in great
style by James Wright, with A. W.
Carmichael a good second. The official
time was a world's record?
The fourth event provided lots of fun.
This was a three-legged race or triple
expansion championship, — distance 100
yards. The wise ones traveled with a
half open throttle; but one couple start-
ed o£f under a full head of steam,
making great speed until nearing the
mark, when their connecting rod
buckled and wrecked the whole engine.
The winners were T. Jeffries and R. S.
Mabee. Time 14 sees.
Fifth Event,- The Tobacco Trust Com-
petition, 100 yards.
Each competitor was provided with a
clay pipe, tobacco and five matches. On
the pistol shot he had to fill his pipe
and light it before- crossing the seven-
yard mark and have it going at the
finish. Bad firing caused the downfall
of many of the contestants, and the
race was won easily by Q. Adams, the
second and third being CJeo. Cook and
W. G. Adams. The two latter arrived
at the tape the first time with their
pipes out and had to return to the
seven-yard mark to light up again.
Sixth event.— The Patriarchs' Reju-
venation A "wait" for age event. 100
yards dash.
This was a handicap for men of 55
years or over, — one yard handicap for
each year over age. The committee an-
nounced that in case of any dispute as
to age, a qualified veterinary surgeon
was on hand to settle the matter by an
examination of the teeth. Amid the
plaudits of his supporters, J. Kelly
came in first, with S. Best, second
best.
Seventh event. — Standing Broad Jump
won by F. Scott, with a jump of 8
feet 9^ inches; J. Sharpe being second
with 8 feet 6^ inches.
Eight event.— Relay race, once around
the field. 1st, T. Cairns; 2nd, Purvis.
Ninth event.— 100 yards dash open to
all. This race caused lots of excite-
ment, and was won by B. A. Dillon
with W. G. Reld second and R. I'olson
third.
Tenth event.— Open walking match,
once around the field. 1st, J. Lawless;
2nd, J. Smith.
This was a good race, inches only
separating the men at the finish.
The sports wound up with a grand
tug of war. Mechanics versus Pedlars;
best of three pulls. The tension was
terrific, both on the rope and amongst
the spectators; the Mechanics finally be-
ing awarded the victory after a pro-
longed struggle.
President Baldwin, Vice-Presidents
Bannon and Taylor, and the other mem-
bers of the executive, worked hard all
day, and it was largely due to their
efforts, that everything passed off so
successfully.
Presentation of Prizes.
At the end of the afternoon, hand-
some prizes were handed to the lucky
winners by President Baldwin. They
consisted of cut glass decanters, brass
jardineres, safety razors, hammered
brass trays, fountain pens, calabash
and briar pipes, cigars, etc., etc.
The members of the winning baseball
team each received a handsome um-
brella, and the manager was entrusted
with the care of the silver challenge
cup for the next twelve months; it hav-
ing to be won three years in success,
ion before coming the property of the
winning team.
Several members of the club spent the
afternoon on the lake fishing, and re-
turned with the usual yarns of the big
ones they lost.
After a substantial supper at the
hotel the band headed the return trek
to the train, where the two-hour run
back to Toronto was passed away in
song and mirth; bringing to a close a
thoroughly successful and enjoyable day.
MONTREAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL.
One of our representatives had the
good fortune recently to be present at
the trial of the large blast-furnace which
has been installed in the foundry of the
new Technical School, Montreal. At
the conclusion of the trial, Mr. Ma-
cheras, the energetic principal of the
school, made a tablet casting bearing
the following inscription :— "January 7,
1911.— This tablet is the first piece of
iron cast in the Montreal Technical
School. G. DeSerres, President, H. J.
White, Secretary-Treasurer, A. Ma-
cheras. Principal."
The foundry iapparatus was made and
installed by F. Hyde & Co., Montreal.
The interesting ceremony began at
half-past two o'clock, at which time the
furnace was lighted and put in operation.
Less than an hour afterwards, the
mould was opened, and after cooling, the
tablet was completed and placed before
those present for inspection.
The blast furnace is operated by com-
pressed air and is of latest design. The
first cast was highly creditable to the
fltm of F. Hyde & Co., and particularly
to their representative, Mr. Cote, who
assisted throughout the trial.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine ^Shop, Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
ALLEN ADJUSTABLE STAKE
RIVETER.
I^HE engraving shows a riveter of
■*• unique design and construction, re-
cently built by the John F. Allen Co. ,370
Gerard Ave., New York City, for sheet
metal work. It is one of the smallest
riveting machines built by them, hav-
ing 7i inch reach, variable gap and 5^
inch, cylinder.
While embodying all those features
which have contributed so largely to the
AHen Adjustable Stake Riveter.
success of Allen riveters as a type, it
possesses, in addition, many original
features of especial value for the work
intended. It is designed for sheet metal
work where the rivets used run from
1-16 to i inch diameter, and are driven
cold. The stake "S" is easily remov-
able in order to permit of other stakes,
suitable to the work in hand being used.
This materially increases the range of
work that can be handled, and will be
found a great convenience, as stakes can
be made of any shape or size at com-
paratively small cost to suit the most
unusual and difficult jobs.
The machine can be operated by foot
pedal, as shown in the ilustration, or by
hand lever, as desired. The work to be
riveted is placed with the head of the
rivet resting on the holding-on die "D,"
so as to bring the end of the rivet in line
with the upper die "D-l, " which usual-
ly stands about I/2 inch above the top of
the rivet. By pressing the foot on the
treadle, air of from 60 to 100 pound
pressure is admitted to cylinder "C."
This causes the piston to move forward,
and the side links " L " and middle links
"M" to assume a position parallel to the
axis of ram "R." The ram carrying
the upper adjusting die "D-1" is there-
by forced down upon the end of the
rivet, forming a head with one stroke.
By relieving the foot pressure on the
treadle, the slide valve in valve chest
"V" reverses the motion of the piston,
and this returns ram "R" to its original
position ready for the next rivet.
The number of rivets that can be driv-
en within a given time is entirely de-
pendent upon the operator, as the time
consumed by the machine in driving the
rivet is practically negligible. The
amount of air consumed per rivet doe'
not exceed 1-5 of a cubic foot. Th_
machine is noiseless in its operation, and
can be placed in any convenient location
in the shop without interfering with
other equipment. If preferred it can be
operated by steam.
HANDY HYDRAULIC PRESS.
THE small hydraulic press, which we
illustrate, was designed by the Wat-
son-Stillman Co, of New York, for lab-
oratory work and for crushing specimens
of building material, but has proven
most useful in machine shops, where
small parts are press fitted, and where
high pressure needs be brought to bear
on small articles, for bending, straight-
ening or flattening. It can be applied
to endless odd jobs about any shop.
Convenient size premits this press to
be mounted on a light truck and hauled
from place to place, the operation being
quick and easy Rapid movement of
the ram is facilitated by the lever and
connecting links shown at the left. The
handle at the right, on the extension
lever socket, will operate the pump easily
where only light pressures are required,
and by applying the extension lever
there may be developed a pressure of
30 tons. The platen area is 8 in. square;
the platens are 8 in. apart at maximum
opening, and the ram movement is 4 in.
The base is 12 in. by 16 in., and the
height overall is 27 in. The main cylin-
der is a steel forging, machined to fit
perfectly into the reservoir, and the
pump cylinder is of bronze.
The press is designed to withstand
severe service, and is ideal for small
work requiring 'high pressures.
Haudy Hydraulic Press.
A NEW TYPE OF POWER HACK
SAW.
The hack saw illustrated and built by
the Ford, Smith Co., will cut all classes
of material up to 5 inches sectional
Ford Smitb Hack Saw.
190
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The saw frame and guide are cast in
one piece, and have a long bearing on
the guide bar. This guide bar is a spe-
cial feature of the machine, being of
rectangular section, instead of the round
guide found on a number of machines.
One end of the guide bar swings on the
same centre as the driving shaft; the
other end being guided on an extension
of the back jaw of the vise, ensuring a
true, square cut. The gong is another
useful feature, ringing loudly when the
piece is cut off, and ensuring attention
on the part of the attendant.
The machine weight is 160 pounds,
well distributed. This, together with
the long connecting rod and rectangular
form of guide bar, enables it to be run
to its full capacity without vibration, a
feature adding materially to the life -
of the saws.
commendation, as any strong youth can
understand and operate it. Two inch
piping can be bent with ease to a va-
riety of angle, and will lose hardly any
of its contour in the process. The
complete range manufactured, will deal
with any size pipe from J to 4 inches
O.D. The smallest has a capacity of J
inch and weighs only 24 lbs., while the
largest has a capacity of from 1 to 4
inches. Sizes 1 and 4 constitute a com-
plete installation for dealing with every
grade between i and 4 inches, and the
three smallest sizes, the largest of
which bends up to 2 inches, may be fixed
to a strong bench or table, or carried
on a pipe vise. The "FORTUN.\," be-
ing the trade name by which the ma-
chine is known, is made by the Fortuna
Machine Co.,, Leicester, England ; the
Canadian i^gents being Francis Hankin
and Co., Montreal.
piPE-B£in}ma machine.
The text and illustrations, figs. 1 and
2, are descriptive of an efficient type of
machine for bending pipes and tubes, and
is suitable and convenient for steam-
fitters and others handling these wares.
It has all the advantages of the more
expensive machines made for a like pur-
pose, and in its largest size, is compact
and light enough to be carried in a
workman's bag. The machine consists
of a number of grooves whereby varying
sizes of tube can be instantly bent with-
out change of parts being necessary, and
one bend may follow another in any
direction quite closely to the last one.
Simplicity of construction is another re-
HEAVY WET TOOL GRINDER.
The Ford-Smith Machine Co., Hamil-
ton, Ont., have recently put on the mar-
ket a new type of heavy wet tool-grind-
er which has some novel features. In a
machine shop, large outputs and accur-
ate work depend to a great extent upon
the tools being correctly ground. With a
powerful, well-balanced wheel of the pro-
per grain and grade and running at the
right Speed, with an easily regulated
water supply, the operator can keep the
tools in the best shape, with a minimum
of time and trouble.
Fig. 1 shows the general appearance
of the machine. The body cast in one
piece, is exceptionaly stiff, sits solidly
on the floor, and forms a tank which
extends to within about fifteen inches of
the bottom. The door shown in front
gives access for cleaning out the tank
after it has been emptied by means of
the drain cock.
One of the most important features of
a grinder is the spindle, and in this ma-
chine it is of liberal proportions and
runs in long bearings lubricated by self-
oiling rings.
To allow the wheel to be run at an
approximately constant peripheral speed
as it wears down, a two step cone pul-
ley is provided. This may be replaced
by a fast and loose pulley if desired,
(the necessary belt shifting gear being
attached to the machine) which can then
be driven direct from a main line shaft.
The system of water supply is novel.
It can be easily regulated by the hand
wheel in front to give any desired de-
livery from a light flow to a heavy
flood, pumps and pipings being entirely
dispensed with. The wheel runs in a
hinged segmental trough, which can be
raised or lowered by the rod and hand-
wheel at right hand side of the ma-
chine, thus regulating to a nicety, the
amount the wheel dips into the water.
The overflow and splash run back into
the main body tank, from which it may
be drawn off and returned to the trough
at intervals, such as when putting in a
new wheel. The hood is brought well
forward of the centre line, and has side
flanges to prevent water being splashed
backward. A swivel cap is also provid-
ed to ensure water being delivered on
the tool as the wheel wears.
The tool rest is designed so that all
the usual tools may be easily manipu-
lated, and is shaped at the back to al-
low a deep clearance to be ground on
long tools, a feature which is not al-
ways given sufficient attention by de-
signers. Another special feature of the
machine is the removable tray. For or-
•V»^*l' .■ ■/'
Fi«. I— ronana Plp« B«ndiDK Machine.
FIb. 2 — Fortuna Pipe Bend at Machine.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
191
(Hilary shop-lool-grinding, the tray re-
mains on, as shown in the cuts, in
which position all splashing is confined
inside the pan, thereby keeping the oper-
ator dry. Kor extra long tools, how-
ever, the high edge of the tray would
not allow of the necessary clearance be-
ini; i;round, so it is simply lifted ofl', be-
ing replaced when the tool is finished.
The machine presents a neat appear-
ance, is substantiafly and heavily built,
and furnished with a countershaft hav-
ing self-oiling bearings and double sided
hangers. Fig. 2 shows the wheel true-
ing device
A NEW ENGINE LATHE.
A new design of high duty engine
lathe has been brought out by the
American Tool Works Co., Cincinnati,
Ohio. It is made in two sizes, 36 and
.iO inch., and embodies several interest -
\nix features. Abuiidanee of power i-t
secured; more than sullieieiit to allow
the use of the most improved high
speed steels available. Tlie general de-
sign of the lathe is correspondingly
massive, x'lisuring rigidity and abseiici'
of chatter.
Tlie lathe is made with five different
types of headstock, as will be presently
described. Fig. 1 shows the 36-ineli
lathe equipped with the patented geared
iiead and motor drive. A constant
speed motor, either A.C. or D.C., is lo-
cated on the top of this geared head
and connected to the main driving shaft
by three gears. The motor is under
constant control by means of the coii-
1 roller hand-wheel, conveniently local -
id at tlie right hand end of the car-
riage.
The patented geared head gives twelve
spindle speeds, ranging from 6 to 2.'j7
r.pm. The head is of the compound back-
geared type and is of massive and rigid
construction. Only 14 gears are used
to give the 12 spindle speeds and tlie
changes are made by hand wheels and
levers on the head front. The gears are
ilesigned to allow of comparatively high
motor speed— 1,000 to 1,200 r.p.m.— thus
keeping down the size and first cost of
motor. A sensitive friction clutch is
provided on the driving gear for start-
ing, stopping or slightly moving the
.gears in the head, in order to facilitate
making speed changes without shock to
the parts or interfering with the motor
speed.
Tlie spindle is of high-carbon, ham-
iiH'i-ed steel, and has a 2 Q-lfi-ineh hole
tlirougliout its length, the spindle bear-
ings being of phosphor bronze and fitted
with sight-feed oilers.
An entirely new feature of these
lathes is the quick change gear mecliaii-
Fig. 2.— Heavy Wet Tool Grinder with TrueinK
Device.
ism, which has been de\-eloped to a high
pitch of excellence. All steel gears arv
used, and the mechanism provides a
range of changes for feed or screw cut-
ting which is practically unlimited. The
index plate is situated on the feed box
directly over the sliding tumbler, and
clearly shows how to obtain each threail
and feed. The feed box consists of -t
.gear box on the front of the bed. -with
two levers and a steel sliding tumbler,
the latter working in conjunction with a
rone of eight steel gears. The cone of^
mg. 1
192
CANADIAN MACHINERY
gears ami also the tan.bler gear are cut
by Brown & Sliarpe 20-degree involute
cutters, which produce a tooth pointed
at the top and exceptionally wide at the
base. This form of tooth is unusually
strong and permits of instant engage-
ment while running, without the tumbler
gear riding on top of the cone gear be-
fore dropping into place.
The carriagre is of heavy construction,
The rack pinion can be disengaged
from the rack when screw-cutting is in
progress, and means are provided to
make it impossible to simultaneously en-
gage the feeding and screw-cutting me-
chanism.
As before mentioned, the lathes are
built with five types of headstock. Kg.
2 shows the patent geared head ar-
ranged for belt drive: the head is iden-
The steps of the cone pulley are of large
diameter and take a 5%-inch belt; a
large area of belt contact being pro-
vided. The gear ratios are extra
high, so that ample power is ensured
for any work within the capacity of the
machine.
Fig. 4 shows a double back-geared
headstock. This gives nine spindle
3j»t*-*.>'''
Fit. 2.
especially in the bridge. It has a full
continuous bearing bf 44 inches on the
V bed. As may be seen from the cut,
the apron extends the full length of the
carriage, and is double, so that all shafts
passing through it have a double bear-
ing. Both longitudinal and cross feeds
are reversed through a lever from the
tical with that shown in Fig. 1. A flat
surface is provided on the top of the
gear box so, that it is an easy matter to
change over to motor drive at any time
after the installation of the lathe, if de-
sired. All that is required is to instal
a motor on the fiat surface provided
and connect the armature and main driv-
Kig. 3.
speeds, 3 direct, 3 reduced, and 3 dou-
ble-reduced.
Fig. 5 shows a head designed for med-
ium class work. This is a single back-
geared head with a 4-step cone pulley,
giving eight spindle speeds.
The lathes have a standard length of
Fig. 4.
front of the apron, and not at the head-
stock, as on most lathes. This is a great
convenience on long beds, where the
operator is some distance from the head-
stock. All gears and pinions in the
apron are steel, cut from the solid, and
can be coriveniently lubricated from the
front.
ing shaft by three gears. It is a simple
matter to substitute a gear for the pul-
ley on the driving shaft.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show other forms of
belt-driven headstocks. Fig. 3 is a pow-
erful triple-geared head, having a 4-step
cone pulley, giving twelve spindle speeds.
Fig. s.
bed of 10 feet, but any length will be
made to order, advancing by 2-feet
lengths.
The 10-foot bed takes 4 feet 3 inches
between centres when the patented gear-
ed head is fitted, and 3 feet 9 inches
when a cone head is used.
Co-operation Between Central Station and Manufacturer
By Chas. F. Scott **
Showing That an Exchange of Views and Opinions Results Beneficially to Both Part-
ies, and in Addition Affects Favorablg the Communitij as Ultimate Consumer. The
Writer is a Representative of a Large and Well-Known Electrical Equip-
ment Manufacturing Concern, and His Ideas Formulated in this Paper, Voice the Ex-
pressed Desire We Believe of Reputable Makers of Machinery, Electrical and Other-
wise, While the Subject Chosen Deals More Directly With the Relation-
ship That Should Exist Between the .Manufacturer and Operator in One
Section of the Whole Wide Field of Engineering, We are Certain That Similar
Co-operation in Other Spheres Would Tend Likewise to Improved Quality of Remits
and Decreased Trouble in Attaining Them,.
p» 0-OPERATION between, the central
^ station and the manufacturer of ap-
paratus will be treated for convenience
under three heads ; first, "Engineering,"
which will deal with the apparatus by
which the central station produces and
distributes its current ; second, "Com-
mercial Engineering," which will treat
of the apparatus (such as motors,
lamps, heating appliances), and the
methods for extending the use of central
station service ; third, "Commercial,"
which will deal in a more general way
with the common commercial interests
and prosperity of the central station and
the manufacturer.
I. — Engineering.
Good apparatus well operated is the
"engineering basis upon which the whole
central station business rests. It is use-
less to expect good service from badly
designed or badly built apparatus in
which central station operators have no
confidence. How can the central station
co-operate with the manufacturer to se-
cure better apparatus ?
Standard apparatus should be purchas-
ed if it will meet the requirements.. Mo-
dern manufacturing is based on the
principle of. duplication, of making things
in quantity. Designs are carefully pre-
pared and are modified as experience
directs, so that much of the standard
apparatus of to-day is the outcome of
5ears of evolution in which the best
thought of the designer, the best skill of
the factory and the results of experience
are combined. Patterns, dies, tools and
the experience of the workmen all are
available for the making of a standard
pro^iucS in less time and, at less cost than
a special or new one which has not had
the test of service. Hence, whatever
the individual central station or central
stations together, can do toward the
standardization of voltages, frequency,
and the acceptance of standard types
and sizes of generators and auxiliary ap-
paratus, will not only assist the manu-
facturer, but will in the long run, bring
•Paper read at the 25th .\nnual Convention
of the Canadian Eleetrkal Association, Niagara
Palls, Ont., June, 1911.
••The Westlnghouse Electric and Manufac-
turing Co.
to the central station better and cheap-
er equipment.
Conference with the manufacturer be-
fore deciding upon a definite type or size
of generating unit or other apparatus
may be helpful in determining what
standard apparatus is available to most
nearly meet the requirements. Substan-
tially the same or sometimes even bet-
ter results, can be secured by such a
conference, as are attainable with special
apparatus, in addition to a gain in first
cost, in time of delivery, and in securing
machines which are of standard type.
The central station is thus assured of
getting the apparatus most suitable for
its service, by securing the advice of the
engineering department of the manufac-
turer which is necessarily in touch with
the new and changing conditions, and
with the operating requirements of other
stations. The wisdom of such a confer-
ence is obvious, yet it is not uncommon
for rigid specifications to be presented
without conference and without provisioi)!
for alternative propositions.
Electric Practice Development.
On the other hand electric practice is
continually developing. ■ We must conti-
nually improve and progress. New con-
ditions/arise. To improve his apparatus,
the designer should know just what it
must do. He may surmise the condi-
tions, and he may make laboratory
tests, but these may not be the actual
requirements and conditions of service.
He needs the experience which the cen-
tral station operator possesses. Light-
ning arresters for example, designed ac-
cording to theoretical principles and
tested in a laboratory were liable to
some startling surprises when installed
on operating circuits. The development
of the present arresters has come about
largely through the visits of the design-
ing engineers to the power houses and
circuits of the operating companies, and
through the assistance rendered by the
operating engineers. Likewise regulat-
ors, switches, circuit breakers and in-
struments are the outcome both of the
laboratory and experience in actual ser-
vice. Now the experience of the central
station operator can greatly assist the
manufacturer. To be effective, there
must be freedom and frankness— not mys-
tery and secrecy. If something is not
satisfactory, if there is some weak point
in the apparatus, it there is some new
condition which is not met, little is
gained by saying that the whole thing
is a failure, while much may be gained
by definite, intelligent information.
Conditions are rapidly changing in cen-
tral station designs, and substantial en-
gineering progress requires that the skill
of the manufacturer and the experience
of the operator be combined. Perfect
apparatus we can hardly hope for, but
we shall come more nearly to attaining
it, as the engineers of central stations
and of manufacturers, recognizing that
they have common problems, set about
to solve them in a businesslike way to
which each contributes his part.
II. — Commercial Engineering.
The growth of the oft-peak load and of
the power business is the most striking
feature in central station activity at the
present time. Motors are replacing en-
gines in industrial plants ; they are find-
ing new fields in domestic and commer-
cial use to an extent not thought pos-
sible a few years ago.
This development is the outcome of a
new type of engineering study and com-
mercial activity. The application of elec-
tric power is first of all an engineering
problem. A motor must be adapted in
.speed and power, and in mechanical con-
nection, to the work which it is to do ;
but beyond these simple problems, is the
geiii-ral problem of using to best advan-
tage the power which the motor devel-
ops. It is the superior service which the
motor gives, the convenience with which
it can be operated, the better speed ad-
.justment, the increased quantity or the
improved quality of the output of the
machine it drives, the simplicity of mo-
tor drive as compared with engines and
shafting and belts, and the independence
of one tool or one department from
others when driven by separate motors
—these and a score of other factors are
the indirect advantages which often be-
come the really important things to be
gained in using electric power.
li>4
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Hence, it is the specific, the particu-
lai, and the definite adaptation ol elec-
trical appliances which bring results.
The, knowledge of how to accomplish
these results comes through careful in-
\estigation and experience. This is of-
ten beyond the scope of the individual
central station company, but it is some-
thing which must be undertaken by the
manufacturing company, as it must
know what are the exact conditions in
order that it may design its apparatus
so as to meet them effectively. For ex-
ample, if a motor is to operate a cer-
tain tool, the designer must know the
maximum power, the average power and
the need for speed adjustment and va-
riation. He must know these things in
their relation to each particular machine
or industry. He naturally acquires an
intimate knowledge with the power re-
quirements and the power consumption
in actual practice in many places. He
also determines the advantages and dis-
advantages which result in actual expe-
rience under many different conditions.
It is just this kind of knowledge and ex-
perience which is essential to an intel-
ligent and successful building up of the
motor business.
Education of the Consiuner.
The prospective user of electric power
is often unfamiliar with the apparatus
and the various engineering features in-
volved in its application and operation,
and he is ignorant or unconvinced of the
advantages which will result from its
commercial introduction. Hence it is,
that the large power loads of progres-
sive central stations have been the re-
sult of a systematic educational cam-
paign among prospective customers.
This is a field in which manufacturing
company and central station can work
together. The information and data
which the progressive manufacturing
company necessarily acquires in order to
design its apparatus to meet the require-
ments of actual service are the precise
data which the central station needs in
order to understand and effectively pre-
sent the situation to the power users
which it should serve.
Electricity applied either through mo-
tors or lamps or heating devices is
usually an auxiliary factor. The cost of
the electric power is a small part of the
total cost, and yet it may contribute
very largely to successful operation.
For example, the cost of power in most
industries is only three or four per cent.
of the total cost of the product, and the
cost of lighting is less than one per cent.
Hence it follows obviously, that if great-
er and better output can be obtained
from men or machines by an increase or
an improvement in the power or. light-
ing, then considerably greater expense
for light or power is amply justified.
This may be illustrated by an example :
Assume as a convenient figure that the
cost to the purchaser for a 5 h.p. motor
is $100.00. Assume further that the an-
nual charge for depreciation, interest
and repairs is $20.00 per year, or say
$..07 per day. In the daily cost of pro-
duction, therefore the first cost of the
motor appears as 0.07. The power tak-
en by the average h h.p. motor is say
2 k.w. (corresponding to a load factor
of lu per cent.) ; hence, the power for
the 10-hour day will be 20 k.w. -hours
and, if the rate is say, $.025 per k.w.-
hour, the cost will be $.50 per day.
If the motor drives a line shaft sup-
plying power to five workmen at $2.00
per day, their wages will amount to
$10.00 per day. The various overhead
charges in the operation of machine tools
is about one and one-half times the
operators' pay. (See "Notes on the
Cost of Operating Machine Tools," A.
G. Popcke, Electric Journal, December,
1909). This gives the overhead charge
as one and one-half times the wages, or
$15.00 per day. '
The various items assumed in the to-
tal cost of production, with this 5 h.p.
motor, in the present typical case, are
as follows :—
Cost of motor per day $ .07
Cost of power per day 50
Cost of wages per day 10.00
Cost of overhead per day 15.00
Total cost per day 25.,57
Total cost per hour 2.56
Total cost for twelve minutes .50
Total cost for one minute 04
Analysis.
The cost of power is $0.50 in a total
of $25.57 per day, or only 2 per cenl. of
the total. Suppose that it be possible
by using more power to slightly increase
the output, note what will result. If
the power used were increased one-tenth,
making $0.55 instead of $0.50 per day,
and this increases the output by say 5
per cent., then the production will be in-
creased in value by 5 per cent, of $25.57,
or a little more than $1.25. Hence,
$0.05 more spent for power would result
in a net gain of $1.20 under these con-
ditions, or twenty-four times the cost of
the additional power. These figures may
be put in the following form :
Assumed gain in production $1.25
Assumed additional cost of power... .05
Net gain $1.20
Expressed in another way, the cost of
power per day is $0.50, which is equal
to the total cost for 12 minutes ; i.e.,
one can afford to pay twice as much for
power if he could thereby gain more than
12 minutes per day. Hence, the problem
is not to save power, but to use power
effectively. The cost of power is so
small an item in the present example
that it can be even doubled if a gain in
rate of production of more than 2 per
cent, can be secured thereby.
The cost of the motor is equivalent to
$0.07 per day, or approximately one-
quarter of one per cent, of the total
cost. Obviously, if some other motor
equipment would give even 1 per cent,
greater output, the value of which would"
be $0.25 per day, it would be economical
to install it, even though costing twice
as much.
Expressed in still another way, the
cost of the motor per day ($0.07) is less
than the total cost for two minutes
($0.08). Hence, if one motor equipment
will save more than two minutes per day
over another one, its purchase is justifi-
able even if the price were twice as
great. If therefore, one motor outfit be
more conveniently operated, if starting
or stopping requires less time, if there is
less interruption due to poor insulation
or hot bearings or controller contacts,
which amounts on the average, to even
one or two minutes a day, or to one
hour a month, then it is well worth
while to purchase the better outfit even
at a very considerably increased cost:
The same line of argument may be
used in comparing group drive with in-
dividual drive. It is well known that
the power consumption is in general, less
with individual drive than it is with
group drive, but that the first cost of
.several small motors is more than the
first cost of one large one. If however,
the cost of motors is a small part of
the total cost (in the above example it
represents less than 1 per cent, of the
total cost of production), then it will
be economical to use the individual
drive, provided that even a, few per cent,
increase in output can be secured. Often
the elimination of delays due to belt re-
pair, shafting troubles and the like will
alone much more than make up for a
very considerable increase in the first
cost of motor equipment.
In view of the foregoing analysis, it is
poor economy to try to economize by
reducing the amount of power used, pro-
vided more power can make even a slight
increase in the output. Further, it is
poor economy to try to economize in
purchasing motor equipment, because any
appreciable gain in production will much
more than offset, the increased cost of
the btst possible equipment. The figures
in the foregoing example are assumed,
but the actual figures applying to any
practical case will usually lead to sim-
ilar conclusions.
Lighting and Heating.
In the departments of lighting and
heating, there is a similar situation. As
the applications of electricity become
more specialized, they are being handled
in a scientific way. In incandescent
lighting for example, the advent of the
tungsten filament lamp is coincident
with the rapid progress of the science of
illuminating engineering. Formerly an
incandescent lamp was placed wherever
CANADIAN MACHINERY
195
there would ordinarily have been a gas
jet. Now, correct lighting is laid out
by illuminating engineers. The compar-
ative newness of this work is illustrated
by the appendix to the lecture on "Illu-
mination Calculations," delivered in the
series of lectures on Illuminating En-
gineering at the Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity last Fall. Following the lecture is
a Bibliography of Illumination Compu-
tations in which there are references to
36 different books or articles. Two of
these are without date, a few appeared
in 1906, and all the rest have a later
date.. In other words, the literature on
Illumination Calculation is just about as
old as the tungsten lamp.
The manufacturers of lamps and of re-
flectors have made a scientific study and
practical investigation as to the best
ways of using their products, and are
ready to aid the central station in speci-
fying good illumination. This is bring-
ing about a new era in electric light-
ing. Ten years ago, there was the small
carbon incandescent lamp and the car-
bon arc lamp. These had existed with
little change for twenty years, but
within the past decade have come new
lamps of various types, taking less than
half the energy for the production of the
same light, having a wide range in
candlepower and leading to a scientific
treatment giving practical results which
were before unattainable. Simple as
these things are, they are not under-
stood by the general public, and the ap-
plication of what is now available can
come only through the progressive com-
mercial presentation of the engineering
principles which are now established.
The purpose of lighting offices and .fac-
tories is to enable the workers to do
their work. Good lighting promotes
speed and accuracy by enabling things to
be seen better. It places the workers in
more agreeable and cheerful surround-
ings, and removes the cause of eye-
strain and headache. Now, the total
cost of lighting is trivial compared with
wages, and the difference in cost be-
tween good light and bad light is often
less than 1 per cent, of the cost of the
wages. In other words, if ah amount
equal to 1 per cent, of the wages
be u.spd for improving the light-
ing, a gain of many times this amount
can be secured in the quantity and qual-
ity of the work produced.
Likewise in heating appliances, the
field is new, the conditions of applica- .
tion are varied, the fundamental facts
and the resulting advantages are not un-
derstood by the general. public, and there
is again necessary an active commercial
effort along sound engineering lines in
order to develop this field. Here again
the designing engineer and the manufac-
turer who has made a study of the con-
ditions under which this apparatus can
be applied, is ready to lend most va-
luable assistance to the central station
in the extension of the work.
In cases where the first cost o£ a mo-
tor is small compared with the cost of
the power that it con,sumes, and where
the cost of heating or other current-con-
suming devices is small compared with
the value of the current which they use,
the central station has the opportunity
of furnishing upon favorable terms or
even free, the motors or heating appar-
atus with the expectation that the in-
come from the current used will pay a
handsome profit. With the 5 h.p. motor
which has been cited as an example, the
cost of the motor is 7c per day, where-
as the value of the current it uses is
$0.50 per day, or seven times as much.
A flat-iron or luminous heater soon con-
sumes current far beyond its original
cost. Even the economical tungsten
lamp of average lite consumes current
equal to many times its first cost. The
CANADIAN MACHINERY.
This mid-summer number of
Canadian Machinery is brimful
of live topics engaging the at-
tention of the engineering pro-
fession in all its grades and
varieties. Simplicity of treat-
ment will be found to pervade
the subjects dealt with. By be-
coming a subscriber you are as-
sured of being kept up-to-date
in your practice, as well as be-
ing assured of intimate touch
with the sayings and doings of
men in the forefront of me-
chanical progress.
first cost of carbon lamps is so low,
compared with the current they consume,
that the free renewal of lamps ig a com-
mon practice. The ordinary person
however, probably objects more to pay
$0.20 or $0.25 for a lamp than he does
to paying $.3.00 or $4.00 for the current
it may consume. Likewise, a man may
hesitate to pay $100.00 for a motor al-
though he may be perfectly satisfied to
pay $200.00 per year for the current it
uses. Hence, a study of the relations
between first cost and power cost will
often open the way by which the central
station can cultivate the habit of using
electricity by a generous policy in the
furnishing of apparatus.
We arc all apt to take too narrow a
view ; we fail to see that the really im-
portant thing is not the saving of a
fe"w cents in doing a thing by the old
way, but in the large economies which
come from new methods which electri-
city make-s possible. Efficiency in oper-
ation and in management as well as in
power plants and in machinery is now
awakening interest and wide discussion.
Electricity is the great modem means
of securing efficiency in the applications
and uses of power. The progressive men
of manufacturing companies and of cen-
tral stations are beginning to recognize
this and through their efforts it is be-
ginning to impress itself upon the pub-
lic. The problem is a tremendous one,
its solution means much for the public,
for the central station, and for the man-
ufacturer, and it merits united effort in
its solution.
ni. — Commercial.
In their commercial prosperity and
success, as measured by the earning of
dividends, the manufacturer and the cen-
tral station have much in common. One
.supplies apparatus, the other operates
it, and together they contribute to sup-
ply a growing need of the community.
The central station is no longer a no-
velty supplying current within a radius
of a mile or so to those who can afford
the luxury of an incandescent lamp upon
a combination fixture where the gas can
be lighted when the current fails, for in
recent years small companies are unit-
ing into large systems. Hence, light is
no longer a luxury, and the company is
called a Public Service Corporation. It
is recognized, both practically and le-
gally, as an institution which supplies a
fundamental need by rendering a public
service to the community. Government
commissions see that the public is pro-
vided with an adequate service at fair
rates and also that the company is pro-
tected against unjust competition and
that it secures rates which are fair and
adequate.
Moral and legal obligation, as well as
good business policy, dictate that the
central station should supply the best
possible service and should extend that
service in the public interest as well as
its own interest. This means that the
central station must provide a reliable
and continuous service ; that it must not
merely be" ready to supply current, but
that it must also render a public ser-
vice in showing how to use electricity
and how and witat direct and indirect
gains follow from its use, and further,
it must develop its equipment and its
organization to meet the larger field of
service which the universal use of cen-
tral station power will make necessary.
Continuity of service has a new im-
portance for not only lamps, but street
cars, elevators, mills, factories, the con-
veniences and necessities of the store,
the office and the home are dependent
upon electric power. Fundamental to
such service is good apparatus. Some of
the ways in which the central station
can co-operate with the manufacturer in
designing and manufacturing such appar-
atus have already been considered. There
is, however, another, the commercial
standpoint.
1!»»?
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Commercial Standpoint.
The central station in fairness to its
patrons and for its own success requires
the best possible apparatus. Differences
in first cost are trivial. The loss of
direct revenue from a short interrupiion
to ser\'ice (not considering loss of pres-
tige, and the cost of repairs) will much
more than compensate for the difference
between the cost of inferior apparatus
and the cost of the best. Not only
should the best apparatus be bought, but
it should command a fair price. The
manufacturer who makes the best should
be supported and he should be encourag-
ed to make his apparatus still better.
In the applications of power which
have been considered under "Commercial
Engineering," it is to the common inter-
est of the user, the central station and
the manufacturer that the results should
be successful. This means that adequate
apparatus must be property applied.
From the standpoint of the customer, re-
liability and continuity of service are of
first consequence. These depend, first of
all, upon the quality of the electrical ap-
paratus which is used. As the first cost
of this apparatus is insignificant com-
pared with the cost of the power it uses
and the value of the products which it
aids to produce, quality and not price is
of first importance in the installation of
a motor. Whatever the central station
can do to aid its customers in securing
good motors ■; whatever it can do to
support the manufacturer who
makes good motors and to induce the
making of still better motors, contri-
butes to the best interests of all con-
cerned. The central station and the
manufacturer together, by educating the
public to the use of electricity in the
right way on a sound engineering basis
with the best apparatus are laying the
surest foundation lor their commercial
success.
Progress Ontlook.
Looking to the future, there is a won-
derful outlook for the central station if
we may estimate the future by the past.
Twenty years ago, arc lights, incandes-
cent lamps and street railways were
operated from three different types of
generators, few of which exceeded a few
hundred k.w. in capacity. Ten years ago
the steam turbine was being talked
about and power load from central sta-
tions was beginning to be seriously con-
sidered.
To-day, the polyphase alternating cur-
rent generator supplies electric service
of every kind and it is demonstrated
that the large central station plant is
the cheapest to install, the cheapest to
operate and the most reliable in the ser-
vice which it gives. The uses of power
are extending, isolated plants are disap-
pearing, the domestic uses of electricity
for light and heat and power are increas-
ing, innumerable appliances for using
electricity are constantly appearing, the
railway terminals of the great steam
roads and the electrical operation of
suburban and trunk line service are mat-
ters of the immediate future. The cen-
tral station should ha the source of
power for all purposes.
Future Policy.
To insure that the electrical progress
of the next decade will keep pace with
that in the past, the central station
must meet the new demands for reliabil-
ity, and for a broad comprehensive ex-
pansion of its activity and its policy.
Apparatus larger in output and better in
quality will be demanded for generating,
controlling and using electric power in
all forms. The experimental investiga-
tion and the practical development of
apparatus has been carried on in the
past largely by the manufacturing com-
panies. They have expended millions of
hand, and the public on the other, de-
pends the commercial prosperity of man-
ufacturer and of central station, and the
general welfare of the community, whose -
industries and transportation and daily
life are becoming more and more depend-
ent upon electric power.
BroDze Casting, 6 ft. Diameter, 12 ft. Long.
dollars in developing new and better ap-
paratus and the central station has reap-
ed the direct benefit. Such work must
go on; it must be aided both by engineer-
ing co-operation and by the commercial
endorsement of the central station inter-
ests.
Modern civilization has been brought
about by the steam engine, through its
effect on transportation and manufacture.
Electricity is bringing about a new
power era, because it facilitates the gen-
eration, the transmission, the distribu-
tion and the universal application of
power. The central station is the
agency for supplying this power. Upon
its progressive policy in acting with the
manufacturer of apparatus on the one
A LARGE BRONZE CASTINa.
The illustration shows an interesting
and an exceptionally large bronze drum
casting. The drum is 12 feet long, 5
feet in diameter, and is used as the dry-
ing surface in a large vacuum rotary
drum drier.
The drums for this purpose are gen-
erally made of dense air-furnace iron,
but in this case it was necessary to use a
high quality bronze drum, a circumstance
due to the fact that the vegetable ex-
tract to be dried on the drum would be-
come discolored if it came in contact
with iron.
The mold for this casting was swept
up in dry sand, the core being swept up
in loam. When the casting was poured,
the mold was in a vertical position,
thus accounting, for the very clean sur-
face free from blow-holes.
It required 16,000 pounds of metal to
pour the casting and on account of this
large quantity it was necessary to melt
the metal in a 48-inch cupola.
The practice of melting bronze in a
cupola is unusual, but the Buffalo Foun-
dry and Machine Co., Buffalo, N.Y., the
company which made the casting in
question, has been very successful in fol-
lowing this practice where large quan-
tities of metal are required.— Castings.
THE HAMILTON GEAR & MACHINE
COMPANY.
The Hamilton Gear & Machine Co.
have recently opened up a new factory
on the corner of Concord and Van
Home Avenues, Toronto. The building,
of modern concrete construction, is ar-
ranged to give the maximum natural
lighting effects, and measures 50 by 55
feet. Ground adjoining has been secur-
ed for extension. Accurate cutting of
spur and "bevel gears is the firm's spe-
cialty, the equipment for handling same
consisting of Gleason gear shapers,
whose feature is theoretical accuracy.
So far as we know this is the only
firm in Canada thus specializing, and
from reports received of the work al-
ready on band and in prospect, there
is every reason to believe that a much-
felt want is being taken care of.
A good way to fasten a wood handle
onto a tool is to fill the hole full of
shellac; then heat the shank of the tool
almost red and press it home.— American
Machinist.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
197
(AnadianMachinery
^v^' MANUFACTURING NEW5-^
A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing intere«t«
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progreas, ccn»truction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, ga«, elec-
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The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN
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PETER BAIN. M.E., Toronto
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Vol. VII.
July, 1911
No. 7
RELIABLE EQUIPMENT.
In another section of this issue will be found an ar-
ticle in which the writer makes a plea for "Co-operation
between the central station and the manufacturer." It
is not our intention to dwell on that particular topic,
rather is to draw attention to certain definite suggestions
made by Mr. Scott, and which are worthy the serious at-
tention of manufacturers and all others who use electric
power, electric light, or heat by electricity.
We are rather inclined to believe that the tendency
to cheap equipment and saving of light is more predomin-
ant than otherwise, and the careful reading and study
of what Mr. Scott makes so clear and convincing should
tend to a more reasonable attitude being adopted on the
part of all concerned. First cost, although needs be high,
is not by any means the prime factor in the power and
lighting instalation of any manufacturing concern, but
rather is it, as aptly put in the paper, "a problem not
to save power, but to use power effectively." We be-
lieve the advice and information given, to be appropriate
and well timed, and look for highly beneficial results in
the matter of their adoption and practice.
THE EFFICIENCY QUESTION.
In common with other technical and trade journals,
we are giving our readers opportunity to become familiar
with the ideas and publicly-expressed views of men who
have devoted much time and study to this presently all-
absorbing topic.
One feature prominent in the various phases of the
subject is the easily appreciable grasp that men of moder-
ate intelligence can take, digest and give reasonably cor-
rect iiml reliable opinions as to the worth or otherwise
of any particular scheme.
Carefully-drawn observation is the basis from which
individual ideas for betterment have originated, there-
fore, mathematical calculation and intricate formulae are
for once, conspicuous by their absence, in spite of the
word "scientific" bearing a qualifying relation. The
various views expressed make interesting reading, are
educative, yea helpful, because the reader feels that
strings are being tuned with which his own are to a large
extent in harmony.
The tendency of this efficiency movement is undoubt-
edly for all-round betterment, and while, like every other
reform or revolution, for such it is, large progress may
tarry, we may rest assured that it is gathering momen-
tum all the while, and that out of the multiplicity of
schemes and ideals propounded, new and improved con-
ditions will arise.
A QUESTION OF FINANCE.
Much keen competition is apparent in every depart-
ment of our business life to-day, and, digressing, we may
say tl^at it exists to an equal extent in social and church
circles. Money, the purchaser of comfort, luxury, posi-
tion and honor, is king, and rules with a hand of iron.
This money determines the price to be paid for some
cherished idol, from the hoard we possess, and when we
have no hoard or are living from hand to mouth, the
degree of misery we must endure.
It is our purpose to draw attention to this latter
aspect, as it affects what we might term the small manu-
facturer, in his capacity as "feeder" to the large corpora-
tion.
This is a day of mergers and mammoth enterprises,
having large administrative staffs; a day in which the
"little fellow" is either swallowed up or forced to the
wall. These two latter contingencies seem to us some-
what unfortunate, not only because it cuts the feet from
personal effort, but because of the tendency towards com-
plete extermination of ?. business necessity.
Big manufacturers don't realize sufficiently, nor ap-
preciate as they should, the service these small concerns
render them, especially during periods of great activity,
when to avoid starting a number of extra men tempor-
arily to cope with the rush, it is a convenience to send
part of the work out, and have it executed by the "feed-
er." Just here is where the crowding-out takes effect,
and the instrument used is delayed payment for work
done. No thought is given to what is common knowledge,
that these small business men have their cash almost
wholly tied up in plant, that their employes' wages and
trade accounts have to be met regularly (the latter more
so perhaps than in the case of the big corporation) and
that the banks are more chary, and look with a large
measure of suspicion on overdraft requests; yes, in spite
of the fact that hard work and honesty are distinctly
visible.
"We appreciate the labors of bookkeeping, and a like
system of payment for all, if possible, nevertheless it is
a hardship unspeakable for 95 per cent, of these " feeder "
shops (patternmaking, molding, machine, etc.) to have
to lay out of their payments, not only 90 days, as some
require, but even 10 days. Give your "feeder" a chance,
put betterment of this department of paying him one of
your pressing propositions to be solved, and as a large
corporation you will be helping to ensure a continuance
of service you cannot well do without.
Boiler Design, Construction, Opera-
tion, Repairing and Inspection
By H. S. Jeffcry
Kepairing Boilers.
When applying a patch to a boiler the
type of boiler has a marked bearing on
the type of patch that should be applied;
likewise how the patch should be ap-
plied. If the bottom of a tubular boiler
This is illustrated in Fig. 29, the points
A being scarfed. If the sheet is not
scarfed as indicated in Fig. 29, then the
patch when applied would have an off-
set as indicated in Fig. 30 at the points
A.
The firebox or the furnace sheets of lo-
comotive, traction and other types of
boilers, crack from staybolt hole to
staybolt hole. The causes leading to the
cracking are many. The punching of the
staybolt holes frequently cracks or frac-
Flg. 27.
is defective and a small patch is to be
applied adjoining the centre girth seam,
a patch as shown in Fig. 27 should be
applied. It is frequently called a horse-
shoe patch. The illustration, Fig. 27,
shows that having cut out the defective
shell sheet, the girth seam rivets when
replaced hold a portion of the patch in
place. It is essential to scarf the plate
at points A, Fig. 27, in order to cause
no abrupt openings at the three thick-
nets of plate.
If the shell plate is defective adjoining
one of the flue heads and a patch, horse-
The object of the horse-shoe type of
patch is to prevent placing in the longi-
tudinal plane a single riveted joint
Such a patch, and in fact every patch
applied to the bottom of a tubular boiler
should be riveted in place — never apply
with patch bolts. The shell of a tubular
boiler is a vessel, and, accordingly dif-
fers from the firebox of a locomotive
boiler or the combustion chamber of a
marine boiler, where a patch can be ap-
plied with patch bolts.
The shell of a tubular boiler when un-
der steam pressure is under tension—
that is, forces acting upon the shell
tending to pull it apart. Now, with the
Fig. 28.
tures the plate around the holes, this
being especially true if the holes are
punched with a dull punch and a large
die.
Punched holes make a rough and irre-
gular hole in the plate as indicated in
the illustration. Fig. 31. For this rea-
son many authorities require that all
rivet holes which are punched shall be
punched one quarter inch or so smaller
than the diameter of the rivet to be
used and then reamed out.
While this practice is carried out by
many in regard to rivet holes, it is not
carried out extensively throughout the
rig. 29.
■hoe style is applied, the corners A of
the patch should be scarfed as described
in the foregoing instance. This is illus-
trated in Fig. 28, this being the case
whether the patch is applied to the
large or the small course of the boiler.
The patch, Fig. 27, is an illustration
of a patch applied to the large course of
the tubular boiler. If the patch is to be
applied to the small course of the boiler,
the method is similar, except the shell
sheet is scarfed instead of the patch.
furnace sheets of a locomotive type boil-
er, the chief consideration is to keep the
plates from deformation, or bulging. For
this reason staybolts are placed at given
intervals, thus supporting the sheet to
carry the load.
Fig. 31.
Fig. 30.
country in regard to staybolt holes.
The common every day practice geems to
be to punch the staybolt hole about one-
eight inch less in diameter than the
diameter of the stavbolt — some punch the
hole three-sixteenths less in diam-
eter than the size of the staybolt.
While the furnace sheets are usually
light compared to other sheets of the
boiler— and they are made thin to make
easy transmission of the heat through
the plate to the water within the boiler
CANADIAN MACHINERY
199
the staybolt holes are nevertheless irre-
gular if punched, though not so irregular
as rivet ho.les in heavy plates.
The fracturing of the plate by punching
permits a starting point from which the
riveted and calked over. The number of
plugs depends upon the length of the
crack, and where more than one plug is
required, it is the practice to install the
plugs so that they overlap.
from the side or point from which the
examination is made.
After plug A is installed, then plug B
is installed, after which plug C is in-
stalled. It will be seen that plug C
mg. 32.
crack extends and many times extends
from staybolt hole to staybolt hole. At
the outset the crack may be repaired by
placing in the sheet a small plug as in-
dicated in Pig. 32. A small hole is dril-
led into the crack, after which the hole
is tapped and a plug screwed in and then
Thus if a crack one inch long is to be
plugged, the first plug would be the plug
A, Pig. 33, which would be placed at
what was supposed to be the end of the
crack, though this point is o.ten hard to
ascertain, for the crack may be of a
character that it cannot be fully traced
Fig. 33.
overlaps plugs A and B, and after all
the plugs are installed they are riveted
and calked over to form a ridge, the
whole process being known as SEWING
UP A CRACK. The plugs are usually
about three-eighths inch in diameter and
threaded twelve threads per inch.
POWER EQUIPMENT & APPLICATION
Expert Descriptive Articles Dealing with Selection and Purchase of Most Suitable Power
Equipment for All Purposes, its Proper Application, Installation, Operation and Treatment.
SPUR GEARS.
By G. D. Mills, Montreal.
TN introducing this article on Spur
Gears, the writer has aimed to pro-
vide a reliable ^lide for the designer
or manufacturer, together with a collec-
tion of reference tables and formulae,
which can be followed with confidence.
Classification of Spur Gears.
Spur gears may be classified as Gears
connecting parallel shafts by teeth which
mesh as they roll on their axis. The
proper arrangement of the teeth is ac-
complished by means of tangent circles,
known as the pitch circles of the respec-
tive wheels. On these lines the teeth are
wove, so that they mesh correctly, and
have sufficient space at the tooth bottom
to clear each other. The pitch circles,
although merely constructional, are
nevertheless the most important lines in
the design of spur gears, and always de-
fine the centre of the working depth of
teeth.
The addendum or upper half of the
working depth of tooth therefore pro-
jects from each pitch circle, and meshes
with the addenda of the mating wheel,
which is equal to it in length. The work-
ing depth of tooth is addendum x 2, and
by adding clearance, we get the total
depth of tooth.
Tooth Parts and Wheel Dimensions.
In the diagram Fig. 1, will be found
two tangent pitch circles, as in all spur
gears. Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram,
describing the tooth parts and dimen-
sions of wheels. The radial lines denote
the tooth centres; the circular pitch be-
ing the circular distance from the centre
of one tooth to the centre of the tooth
adjoining, measured on the pitch circle.
The width of tooth is one-half the circu-
lar pitch in cut gears, and the table of
tooth formulae is arranged so that any
part may be readily determined in a
variety of ways, thus giving wide scope
to ready calculation; a convenience ap-
preciated by those who have practical de-
signing to do.
The diametral pitch is the standard
which governs all tooth dimensions, and
represents the number of teeth to each
inch of pitch diameter. It is the pitch
number of the wheels. With any one
diametral pitch, we are obliged to have
the same circular pitch, addendum, clear-
ance, full depth, and width of tooth, ir-
respective of what the pitch diameter or
number of teeth may be. From this it
will be seen that we have three quanti-
ties to consider in designing spur gears;
the number of teeth, pitch diameter and
diametral pitch, which is essentially the
size of tooth. The pitch diameter and
number of teeth bear equal proportions,
and the diametral pitch is the ratio of
fhe pitch diameter and number of teeth.
Its reciprocal is the addendum, or one-
half the working depth of tooth. The re-
lations which the pitch diameter, number
of teeth, and diametral pitch bear to one
another are expressed in the formulae
X N
P=— D=^- and N=D.P. The relation
D P
which the addendum bears to the circu-
lar pitch is, as the diameter of a circle
200
CANADIAN MACHINERY
to its circumference, or the addendum
multiplied by 3.1416, equals the circular
pitch. The tooth formulae represents the
best modem practice in grear design, and
should be followed carefully.
Basis of Calculation.
In Spur Gears we have a variety of
conditions and our calculations are based
times the circular pitch. This, however,
is variable, as it may be desirable in the
case of light loads to reduce the length
in order to effect a saving in material
and space, or to increase it, to carry
heavy loads. The face length of teeth is
part of the formulae for ascertaining the
strength of gear teeth, and is treated
mainly on the sp>eed ratio required for
the gear and pinion. We may have the
pitch diameters to determine from the
distance between centres and speed ratio,
or the distance between centres can be
calculated from the number of teeth in
the wheels and the diametral pitch. It
may also be necssary to calculate the
strengh of the teeth in the wheels. Ac-
companying is a table of tooth parts ar-
ranged from 1 to 10 diametral pitch, and
from this table any size tooth may at
once be selected, and its diametral pitch
rrOOTH FoRMUt-AC-
JlH* N-^^ N-DP N-(OP)-S
later on. The formulae for determining
the pitch diameters from the distance be-
tween centres and speed ratio is as fol-
lows:
C
Pitch diameter of gear= Xr>2
R-fr
C
Pin.:
-yB"X2
DfmHaimnr D-Nt D-"^ D-pfUiu D-0 f D-ffft
O-^emtKr J bkmll O^^ 0-Dt^ Ch{Ni-S)it 0-DHpWet)
o-Di-te>) , , I,
•ofiffwuv at ioHam otnoth ,c-;^ c-jr <:~pM
f^i^itfH titt* f-(i')t^ '-^ f-fJUtt
l-,iUi cf ftlti m ffldi trcit »,t *rortJ>w l-Mf htnlt^n.
ascertained. If the desired diametral
pitch is not in the table, its parts can be
found by dividing the parts of 1 diame-
tral pitch, by the desired diametral pitch,
and while gear cutters are usually ar-
ranged in even diametral pitches, there
are some cases in which an even diame-
tral pitch will not answer. Should the
conditions call for a pitch diameter and
speed ratio that will not permit of an
even diametral pitch, it will be necessary
to have a special cutter or two made to
eut the wheels.
The face length of teeth is said to be
in good proportion, when it is 2^
R+r
In which C=distance between centres.
R^ratio term of gear.
1^= " " " pinion.
If the speed ratio was 5 to 1, the ratio
term of the pinion would be 5, and that
of the gear 1. The distance between
centres may also be determined by the
formulae.
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Gossip of the Trade
The Canada Metal Co. have moved
into new and spacious premises
on Fraser Avenue, Toronto, from whence
they will continue to send out their
numerous well-known brands of babbitt
metal, phosphor bronze, copper ingots,
etc. The business was started 30 years
ago on William Street, Toronto, by W.
G. Harris, president of the company,
and has gone steadily ahead since, until
it is now favorably known from coast
to coast. The Canada Metal Co. makes
a number of brands of babbitt, one of
the best known being the Harris Heavy
Pressure brand, designed especially to
overcome the troubles of soft bearings
that squeeze out, and of hard bearings
that crack in the box or cut the shaft.
The Smart-Turner Machine Co., Ham-
ilton, report the following orders recent-
ly received : H. J. Hogan, Port Col-
borne, Duplex pump; Samuel McMahon,
Revelstoke, B.C., single-acting vertical
power pump; the Alabastine Co., Cale-
donia, rotary pump; the St. George
Condensary Co., St. George, steam pump ;
the Sincennes-McNaughton Line, Mon-
treal, Que., side suction centrifugal
pumps; the Corporation of Grimsby,
centrifugal pump; the Hamilton Oak
Tanning Co., Woodstock, Ont., horizontal
duplex power pump; Gimns, Ltd., West
Toronto, side suction centrifugal pump,
direct connected to motor; the Page-
Hersey Iron Tube & Lead Co., Guelph,
single-acting triplex power pump; Wm.
Clark, Montreal, side-suction centrifugal
pump; the Trenton Canning Co., Tren-
ton, Ont., duplex pot valve pump; Thos.
Ivey & Sons, Port Dover, duplex double-
acting power pump.
The Canada Steam Pump & Machine
Co., 97 Richmond St. E., Toronto, re-
cently completely overhauled the tur-
bines and auxiliary machinery of the
S.S. Turbinia, which plys between To-
ronto and Hamilton. After running
for seven or eight years some parts
of the machinery had got into poor
shape, one of the centrifugal circulating
pumps being considerably out of bal-
ance, necessitating a new shaft. The
original shaft had worn one inch below
size. The pistons of the high-speed en-
gine driving the centrifugal pumps were
worn 3-16-ineh, and owing to the short-
ness of the connecting rods, together
with the slackness of the cross-heads
and gudgeon pins, the cylinders them-
selves were badly scored, and had to be
re-bored. A new feed water heater was
also installed and the whole equipment
put in first-class shape.
'^
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEM.
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
LIMITATIONS ON SCIENTIFIC
EFFICIENCY.*
By Henry G. Bradlee.**
tT would, no doubt, be presumptuous
•^ at this time, said Mr. Bradlee, to
place a limit on what may be accom-
plished in the future through efficiency
methods, and certainly no one would
wish to criticise or suggest weak points
in these methods, were it not for the
fact that the public may be misled by
exaggerated statements and may un-
reasonably condemn those who are do-
ing most to develop and direct our indus-
tries. In view of the statements which
have been made, it certainly seems rea-
sonable and proper for us to consider
whether there are not some practical
limitations which have prevented a gen-
eral adoption of these methods in the
past, and which may prevent the whole-
sale overturning of our present indus-
trial system prophecied by certain effi-
ciency engineers.
Efficiency Engineering Methods. .
Stripped of technicalities, the method
of the modern efficiency engineer is
simply this: First, to analyse and study
each piece of work before it is perform-
ed; Second, to decide how it can be done
with a minimum of wasted motion and
energy; Third, to instruct the workman
so that he may do the work in the man-
ner selected as most efficient. There is
nothing fundamentally new in all this.
The underlying principle is being used
to-day to a greater or less extent in all
industries, and has, no doubt, been used
at all times in the past. Let us keep
this fact just as clear in our minds as
possible.
The method employed by the modern
efficiency engineer is distinctive, not be-
cause it is new, but because it embraces
much greater detail. As I have already
indicated, we are all familiar with the
general principles underlying the mod-
ern methods; and many of us make fre-
quent use of these principles in the eon-
duct of our business. I think I am cor-
rect in saying that in the business with
which I am connected, every general
principle and every detail method which
has been suggested by the efficiency en-
gineer has been used at one time or an-
other, and many are in use to-day. The
'Abstract of paper presented before the
Congress of Technology at the Fiftieth Anni-
versary of the Granting of the Charter of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
".Member of the Firm of Stone and Web-
ster, Boston, Mass.
Subject is then a familiar one to all of
us; the problem presented is not the
adoption of something entirely new, but
rather the -extension to every detail of
our work of something which we have
already tried.
When we look at the matter in this
light, we naturally ask ourselves, is it in
all cases practical and desirable to extend
these methods to all parts of our work,
and if not, under what circumstances
may it be done to best advantage? It
would be impractical to fully answer
these questions within the limits of a
short paper, but we may suggest very
briefly a few factors which seem likely
to limit the practical working field of
the efficiency engineer.
Examples of Highest Efficiency.
Scientific management will clearly yield
its best results when the labor performed
consists of a continuous repetition of
some definite set or series of sets, and
when the work is carried on under con-
ditions which remain practically uni-
foi-m. The second important factor is
that the work of the different employes
shall be reasonably uniform in charac-
ter and not extremely diversified. Fur-
ther, the extent of territory which a
business covers may make it difficult, or
entirely impracticable, to use the meth-
ods which give greatest success when
applied to a group of men working in
a single building.
Where, then, shall we look for work
to which efficiency methods may be suc-
cessfully applied? Where can we find
a considerable number of men, located
near together, preferable in a single
building, all doing the same kind of
work under conditions which remain
practically uniform, and the work itself
consisting of a continued repetition of
some definite act or series of acts? Work
of this character will presumably be
found in certain mills, factories and
shops, and in some special departments
of other industries. These are the places,
then, where we may expect the efficiency
engineer to meet with the greatest suc-
cess, and if we may judge from the ex-
amples quoted, it is in just such places
and under such conditions, that the best
results have so far been secured. When
we have given the limitations the con-
sideration they deserve, I think we will
reasonably conclude that we are not
likely to see any sudden and remark-
able increase in industrial efficiency.
The efficiency engineer may easily
prejudice his own cause by making ex-
aggerated claims and statements of what
he can accomplish. He may discredit
his own profession by criticizing too
freely the work and methods of others
or by rashly condemning the efficiency
of our present industrial organization.
SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL OPER-
ATION.*
By Tracy Lyon."
jT is natural to assume, said Mr. Lyon,
A that when a man has worked at one
task for years, whether on a machine
tool or at manual labor under ordinary
competent supervision, and with the ad-
vantage of his own experience and trade
traditions, he has reached a degree of
skill and speed which could be increased
by expert instruction to only a small de-
gree. But this is not so and therein lies
the keynote of scientific management. It
has been demonstrated that a man can be
taught to double or even quadruple his
output, with no greater, and with even
less physical exertion, by means of a use
of tools and a distribution of effort,
which unaided he would be incapable of
evolving.
Conditions Necessary to Efficiency.
In order to bring out the best and most
intelligent effort on the part of most men,
it is necessary to establish and recognize
a reasonable measure of their efficiency,
and to develop same to its highest de-
gree. Further, there must exist methods
of compensation which will oflfer com-
paratively large returns for increased in-
dividual effort and an oi^anization which
will effectively plan in advance, to bring
together at the right time all informa-
tion, tools" and material required,, and in
addition, furnish adequate instruction
and supervision with carefully consider-
ed arrangement of appliances and ma-
chinery to bring about the economical
mcvement of work. A very essential
function of such an organization is to
create a feeling of co-partnership be-
tween employer and workman, and an
understanding that the employer is not
trying to get the most work for the least
wage, but is willing to pay liberally for
increased output and efficiency.
Many manufacturers do not know
what the real and actual cost of their
product is, particularly if it is diversi-
•Abstract of paper presented before the Con-
gress of Technology at the Fiftieth Anniver-
sary of the Granting of the Charter of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
••The Westinghouse Electric Co., Pittsburg,
2i)2
CANADIAN MACHINERY
tied, because of a lack of adequate cost
accounting and because the overhead or
general charges are not properly dis-
tributed. This is to their own detriment
as well as to that of the public, and while
not an easy question to solve, there are,
nevertheless, scientific methods of ac-
complishing it. I believe that railroads,
for instance, would purchase many arti-
cles they now manufacture if they had a
truer knowledge of their shop costs.
Railroad shops have no balance sheets
to face, and do not necessarily go out of
business if they are not making money.
NEW STEEL PLANT IN OPERATION
The National Bridge Co. of Canada,
which was organized in December last,
and work then started on its new build-
ings near Dominion Park, Longue
Pointe, Montreal, has made its first ship-
ment of finished steel. Power was turn-
ed on a few days ago, and the shop ma-
chines pdt in operation, resulting in the
first shipment for customers' contracts,
within about 48 hours from the start.
This is a new record in rapid con-
struction, for a large industrial plant in
the Dominion.
AN INTERESTING REPORT ON
CANADIAN TRADE.
His Majesty's Trade Commissioner
for the Dominion of Canada, Richard
Grlgg, has just made a report to the
Board of Trade, at London, England, on
the trade of the Dominion of Canada
for the period from July 1, 1906 to
March 31, 1910. The report covers near-
ly every phase of Canadian operations
and is divided roughly into three parts:
(1) A general survey of the economic
conditions of the Canadian market.
(2) The import trade of Canada.
(3) A survey of particular branches
of trade.
Trade conditions for the period named
are analyzed very carefully and the fig-
ures relating to labor and to some of
the principal commodities used by engi-
neers and contractors are of practical
interest.
LARGE FAN.
One of the largest tans yet made is
illustrated herewith. It is over 32 feet
high, and was made by the Buffalo
Forge Company. It is used in connec-
tion with a heating, ventilating and
air conditioning system, supplying 25,-
000 cu. ft. of air per hour to every
employe in the new mill of the Sharpe
Mfg. Co., New Bedford, Mass., the larg-
est individual yarn mill in that city.
In this mill particular consideration
has been given to the hygienic conditions
of operation. The air is washed before
entering the mill, all dust, dirt and
foreign matter being removed; leaving
the air absolutely clean. In winter the ,
air is heated to any desired tempera-
ture, a feature being independent regu-
lation on each floor. Provision is also
made for cooling the air, so that in
the hottest days of summer the temper-
ature throughout the mill, even in the
spinning room where the machinery gen-
erates an immense amount of heat, will
be from 15 deg. to 20 deg. cooler than
is possible by ordinary window ventila-
tion.
The volume of air that the tan handles
to achieve these results reaches the as-
Buflalo Forge Co. Fan.
tonishing total of 20,000,000 cu. ft. per
hour. The conditions thus obtained are
as near ideal for this kind of work as
it is possible to make them.
Catalogues
We have received from H. W. Petrie,
Ltd., Toronto and Vancouver, a copy
of the 1911 edition of their machinery
catalogue. The contents run to 156
pages, and set forth by text and illus-
tration the varied and wide scope of
the lines carried and the business han-
dled. Careful perusal by those having
to purchase equipment for large or small
factories will be amply repaid by the
mine of information it unfolds, and will
instill confident assurance that even the
most urgent requirements can be
promptly met by Petrie, Ltd.
There is practically no line omitted
from the list carried, which manufac-
turers daily require, and a copy of the
catalogue on the purchasing agents' and
superintendents' files will be a ready
and reliable reference, carefully index-
ed. The firm, established away back in
1871, are keeping pace with and antici-
pating Canada's growth, and much cre-
dit is due to Mr. H. W. Petrie, whose
photo appears as frontispiece, for the
development of a business which has
become a household word in the me-
chanical and agricultural fields from
coast to coast. Copies of the catalogue
may be had on application.
The Chain Belt Co., Milwaukee, Wis.,
have issued a new edition of their gen-
eral catalogue No. 40, descriptive of
elevating, conveying and concrete ma-
chinery. It is handsomely bound in book
form, and contains 278 pages of text and
illustration, referring to the many adap-
tations of the firm's manufacture in the
fields indicated. In addition to equip-
ment details, cuts are shown of instal-
ations of various types and for various
purposes, enabling those in the market
to form a good idea of what their re-
quirement should consist and where to
get it. Copies of the catalogue will be
mailed on request, to responsible firms
or their representatives.
John Millen, Sons & Co., Ltd., Mon-
treal, Toronto, Winnipeg and Vancou-
ver, have forwarded us their 1911 auto-
mobile and motor boat supply catalogue.
It is, as usual, a most creditable pro-
duction in the matter of text, illustra-
tion and artistic treatment generally.
Increased business and prospects in the
above direction have warranted the firm
in increasing, the size, and thereby the
scope of the catalogue. Such a step
means, of course, increased stock car-
ried, and the desire to meet every re-
quirement.
Automobiles and motor boats have
come to form a large part of our very
existence to-day, and haVe a tendency
to become less of a luxury than a few
years ago. This being so, the myriad
details applicable and necessary for
these machines has an interest for an
increasing purchasing field, and to have
the opportunity always at hand and be
assured of satisfaction, this catalogue
should be secured and its contents care-
fully noted. Sectional divisions, A for
automobile supplies, and B for those of
motor boats, make, together with the
complete index, ready reference always
available.
The Consumers Gas Co., Toronto, is
at present engaged in erecting the larg-
est gas holder in Canada. The capacity
is five million cubic feet, and the con-
struction work" was carried out by C. &
A. Walker, Donnington, Shropshire,
England.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.
FOIXDRV AND JIACHINE SHOP.
SACKVILLE, N.B.— Additional railway facil-
ities have enabled the Fawcett Mauufacturiug
Co. to discard the horses and carts which
have been conveying their exports and imports
over the mile of road between the Foundry
and the I.C.K. Station, and they are now in
direct railway communication with the Pacific
Ocean.
KINGSTON, ONT.— The Canadian Locomo-
tive Co. find their present plant entirely In-
adequate to handle present orders and are
preparing to double Its capacity.
OTTAWA, ONT.— The Department of Pub-
lic Works has issued a call for tenders for
work in the harbor of St. John, N.B., which
will probably bulk up to $8,000,000 or $10,000,-
000.
Contractors are asked to put in bids for a
(Irydock and ship-repairing plant of the first
class, for dredging Courtcnay Bay, for the
construction of three steamship berths, and a
breakwater. All are to be bid for in the lump.
RF.GINA, SASK.— The Farmers' Steel and
Wire Co. liave plans for a six-storey ware-
bouse and plant for the manufacture of wire
and steel work. Only two storeys and base-
ment will be built this year.
CALGAEY, ALTA.— The Gordon Nail
Works of St. John, N.B., have definitely de-
cided to locate here, not at Medicine Hat as
reported.
HAMILTON, ONT. — Three Important new
concerns are locating here, namely the Tay-
lor Manufacturing Co., of Princeton, Ind.,
makers of steel bar clothing racks, etc. ; the
Boston Insulated Wire and Cable Co.; and
the Mayo, Brown Co., a local concern which
will manufacture steel stamps, dies, stencils
and kindred articles.
NEW GLASGOW, N.S.— W. P. McNeil &
Co. are said to have work under contract
aggregating over $400,000. The big contracts
include a machine shop and forge building
for the N.S. Steel and Coal Co., at Trenton,
a new shipping pier for the same company
at Wabana, a rail fishing building for the
Dominion Steel Co., at Sydney, a machine
shop and forge for the Canada Car Co., at
Amherst, a highway bridge across Wallace
harbor and several other bridges.
ORILLIA, ONT.~The Canada Ueflning and
Smelting Co. are extending their plant and
will add four brick, one concrete, and two
wooden "buildfngs.
WELLAND, ONT. — Experiments were con-
ducted here recently in the smelting of pig
iron by electricity.
MONTREAL.— Thomas O. Sinclair, engi-
neer and coppersmith, has assigned for the
benefit of his creditors. His liabilities are
.?4.0r»l and assets $3,384.
TORONTO.— The new dock of the National
Iron Works was opened recently. The com-
pany are ihstalllng a crane and magnet for
lifting iron and steel, 10 tons to every load.
COBOURG, ONT.— The Crossen Car Works
are prep.*iring to erect new shops here.
CHATHAM, ONT.— Several local capitalists
have decided to form a company with $20,-
000 stock to manufacture motor trucks. The
plant will be quite extensive.
CHILLIWACK, B.C.— The B.C. Electric
Railway are prei-aring plans for the con-
struction of car barns and maciiine shops.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— The l.urnhy-
Stenhouse foundry on South Syndicate Ave.,
was burned with a loss estimated to be in the
neighborhood of $2,500.
LUNENBURG, N.S. — The Lunenburg Foun-
dry Co. have installed a new lathe built
by R. MacDougall & Co., Gait, Ont.
NORTH BAY, ONT.— The C. P. R. will
erect new shops at North Bay to cost ap-
proximately $500,000.
BEANTFORD, ONT.— The Cumback Motor
Co. are assembling machinery for the turn-
ing ont of 50 motor trucks and if these prove
successful a factory will probably be erected.
WESTPORT, ONT.— The ratepayers have
voted a loan of $10,000 to the Westport Foun-
dry Co. and a bonus of $2,000. The (onndry
was recently destroyed by Are.
FREDERICTON, N.B.— The N. B. Foundry
has resumed operations and la being oper-
ated by electricity.
SYDNEY, C. B.— Rhodes, Curry, Ltd. have
the contract to erect the new $98,000 general
office building for the Dominion Steel Co.
GALT. ONT.— Tlie Gait Machine Screw Co.,
a new concern, have secured premises and
will manufacture machine screws, cap screws,
set screws, special screws and parts of bi-
cycles, autos and electric appliances.
MONTREAL.— The plant of the newest of
the large steel companies in Canada, the Na-
tional Works at Longue Polnte, is completed.
T>.e machinery has been Installed, and the
electric power used exclusively in the oper-
ation of the plant is being supplied by the
Shawinigan Falls lines of the L.H. & P. Co.
No steam Is used except for heating pur-
poses.
The capacity, of .the plant is 20,000 tons per
year, which will be Increased to 40,000 by the
addition of a new shop building next year.
PRESTON, ONT.— The new 150 h.p. gener-
ator recently installed at Clare's stove foun-
dry has been successfully tested and put in
operation.
HERBERT, SASK.— Messrs. H. Sharman
and L. C. Barry, mechanical engineers, are
opening up a machine shop here.
REGINA, SASK.— The C.N.R. are calling
tenders for a 10-stalI roundhouse, engine
room, machine shop and turntable for this
city. The machine shop will be of an approved
type, 86 ft. by 38 ft., and of substantial con-
struction. The corner of the shop will adjoin
the roundhouse.
MILTON, ONT.— The Imperial Foundry Co.
have l>ecn in operation over one month. They
manufacture hot water and steam boilers for
heating purposes.
WELLAND, ONT.— The Welland Machine &
Foundries are now manufacturing gasoline
Trenton
ONTARIO
Offers Electric
Power Now at
$15.00 per H.p.
24-hour service deliv-
ered at your terminals,
FREE SITES
are also Offered to Parties
Locating Good Industries.
On the main line Grand Trunk Railway, Canadian Northern Railway, Central
Ontario Railway, Canadian Pacific Lake Shore proposed Railway and Trent Canal
System. VV^ater Shipment via Lake Ontario. Address
ARTHUR JONES,
Secretary Board of Trade, TRENTON, Ontario, Canada.
60
CANADIAN MACHINERY
From 1 8 to 3 4 of a pound of
ALUMINIUM GRANULES
to the ton of steel will increase the tensile strength of your cast-
ings without decreasing the ductility — it will produce smooth
faced castings and avoid blow holes — therefore will reduce your
loss in castings to a minimum.
WHY NOT ASK FOR SAMPLES TO-DAY?
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, - ENGLAND
General Agents: PARKE & LEITH, 60 W. Front St.. TORONTO.
Jessop's Best Tool Steel
is yet unexcelled for cutting tools
of all kinds, and for general
machine-shop use.
Jessop's "Ark" High-speed
^4nn| gives marvellous results
— heavy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands writh users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JES80P & SONS, Ltd. Sheffield. Eng.
Reid Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods Chas. L. Bailey
St. John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
Better Lubrication
means greater efficiency, less wear on engines and machines, re-
duced cost for operation and maintenance.
Dixon's Flake Graphite
produces all these results. It is the one lubricant that attacks fric-
tion at its source —microscopic roughness in the metal surfaces.
Our free booklet 223C tells you all about it.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.
JERSEY CITY, N.J.
engines, in addition to their regular line of
contractors' machinery.
OALT, ONT.— E. Roelofson, formerly of the
I'nrkln Elevator Co., of Hespeler Is nt the
head of a new firm that will manufacture
passenger and freight elevators.
HULL, QUE.— A company with a capital of
$,'500,000 has been formed to locate a $100,-
000 plant here for the manufacture of a new
drill or mine tester recently patented by C.
Denierals, of this place. They will also build
a plant in the States to cost .$250,000. Associ-
ated with' the patentee is H. W. Bagnall, of
Ottawa.
WEYBURN, SASK.— C. J. Acton and W. B.
Montgomery, of Carleton Place, Ont., are open-
ing up an automobile garage and repair shop
here.
SMITHS FALLS, ONT.— Rumor connects the
Perrin Plow and Stove Co., with a contem-
plated merger, to be composed of a big wagon
concern, a western steel truck industry and a
large jobbing firm.
SYDNEY, C.B.— The Dominion Steel Cor-
poration have placed the contract for a large
nail mill to take the place of steel rod manu-
facture on which the bounty has been taken
off.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— The Canadian
Iron Corporation are preparing to extend
their plant.
MONTREAL. QUE.— The Canadian Car and
Foundry Co. will spend $200,000 extending
their plant at Turcot and Dominion.
FORT WILLIAM. ONT.— S15.000 is being
spent on a three-storey annex to the ware-
house and machine shop of the Northern En-
gineering and Supply Co.
B. McDonsall Co., Gait, Again Enlarge.
The R. McDougall Co., Gait, have let the
contract for a new molding shop to Wm. Ed-
monds. The shop will be of brick and steel
construction on a concrete foundation. This
win double the capacity of the foundry.
MtINICIPAI>.
DRESDEN, ONT.— The by-law to raise $16,-
000 for a waterworks system here was carried.
WBLLAND, ONT.— W. H. Weller, of St.
Catharines, has secured the contract for a por-
tion of the Increased waterworks power, the
contract price being about forty thousand dol-
lars. Contracts will be let later for pump-
houses and other parts, the total expenditure
being about seventy thousand dollars. This
win give Welland town an entirely new supply
of water and machinery for pumping. The old
pumps and buildings will be kept as auxili-
aries.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— That the city can
erect and place In operation an artificial gas
plant, equipped with the most modern ma-
chinery manufactured, at a cost not exceeding
$230,000, Is the substance of the report re-
cently submitted to the city council.
QUEBEC, QUE.— The sum of $65,000 which
was asked by the Waterworks Committee for
improvements in Limoilon and in St. Sauvcur
was approved by the finance committee and
recommended to the city council.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— R. S. Lea, of Montreal,
has been appointed consulting expert engineer
In connection with a comprehensive main
drainage scheme for greater Vancouver, includ-
ing the adjacent municipalities of Point Grey,
South Vancouver, Burnaby and all the district
between Burrard Inlet and the north arm of
the Eraser River.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— The following by-
laws, aggregating $163,755, will be submitted
to the judgment of the burgesses: $6,000, Im-
provements to municipal buildings; $10,000 to-
wards construction of bridge over Current
river; $9,000. extensions of telephone system;
$17,250, extensions of street railway system;
$16,505, sidewalks and streets: .$75,000, exten-
sion of waterworks; $30,000, completion of
storage dam at Current river. There will
also be submitted a by-law to guarantee the
bond Issue of a company to be Incorporated
by .T. L. McRae, to the amount of $30,000, and
a by-law to provide that the city shall assume
the sum of $149.70 annually for 18 years, local
improvement charges for the widening of
Banning Street: also a by-law to authorize
an agreement between the city and R. B. Mc-
Arthur. and to guarantee bonds to the amount
of $35,000. Voting takes place on July 6.
SUSSEX. N.B.— A by-law to raise $15,000
for Improvements and extensions to water-
works and sewerage systems has been ap-
proved by the ratepayers.
BRANDON, MAN. — The ratepayers have ap-
proved the by-law extending the franchise of
the Brandon Gas Co. from 20 to 30 years, and
the by-law to raise $25,000 by way of deben-
tures for the purchase of rails for street rail-
way,
BRIDGEBURG, ONT.— A by-law will be sub-
mitted to the ratepayers for approval, pro-
viding for sewer extensions, $8,000.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
61
CALGARY, ALTA.— Negotiations are under
way bv wbicb tlie Caigary Gas Co. will
omalgaiuate with tlie Prairie Fuel Gas Co.,
and tlius, ir the amalgamation goes through,
all the gas companies iu Calgary will be
under one bead.
CA.MKOSE, ALTA.— The ratepayers carried
the waterworks by-law here recently and It
Is hoped to have the system completed by
next fall.
KAMLOOPS, B.C.— The following bylaws
were carried by large majorities; $30,000 for
extension of waterworks; $10,000 for exten-
sion of sewerage systems; $20,000 for auto-
mobile fire apparatus and an appropriation
to buv a second lot for a large addition to
the drill hall.
ST. MARY'S, ONT.— W. S. Brook, C.E., of
Toronto, has prepared plans for a new sew-
erage system for this town.
NIAGAR.\-ON-THE-LAKE. ONT. — The
Village of Niagara-on-the-Lake intends to
have a waterworks bylaw and, if possible,
it is going to get the Government to pay
part of the expense of the work, which is es-
timated at $21,500. The council has proposed
to the Government that it should pay $1,000
as an annual rental for the supply of water
at the military camp grounds.
WELL,.\ND, ONT.— The citizens have car-
ried a by-law to spend .$75,000 on additions
and extensions to the waterworks plant.
RIDGETOWN, ONT.— The waterworks by-
law calling for a $35,000 system was carried
here recently.
MONTREAL. QUE.— City Engineer Janln
asks $4,000,000 for permanent works. Includ-
ing many miles of sewers for the new
■wards.
EI-ECTRICAL,.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The city has given the
Allls-Chaljners Co. an order for machinery to
cost $12,000. They will Install a new 2,000 K.W.
unit.
NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE, ONT .—The by-
law submitted to the ratepayers to grant a
franchise to the Frontier Electric Railway,
was c.'irried.
VICTORIA. B.C.— The municipality will
spend .$.50,000 to extend and complete the light-
ing system.
BLYTH. ONT.— $.-),000 will be spent for a
steam pump and electric light purposes.
HAMILTON, ONT.— A by-law based upon
the report of E. J. Sifton, the electrical expert
engaged to estimate on the cost of a civic
lighting and power distributing system, will
be submitted to the ratepayers July 25th. It
calls for an expenditure of $505,160.
MONTREAL, QUE. — Arrangements conclud-
ed here, resulted in a group of prominent
Montrealers securing control of the largest
water powers in the vicinity of Prince Rupert,
the Pacific terminus of the G.T.P. railway.
The local interests are headed by C. H. Cahan,
K.C., president of the Western Canada Power
Co. and H. A. Lovett, K.C. They will form the
Prince Rupert Hydro-Electric Co., capitalized
at $5,000,000, of which $3,000,000 has been
issued. It is the intention of the company to
develop about 1,500 h.p. by means of a pro-
visional power plant to supply the Immediate
demands of the city of Prince Rupert, and to
proceed to the construction of a permanent in-
stallation, capable of supplying 15.000 h.p. so
soon as the G.T.P. railway is running into its
Pacific terminus. The company will also con-
trol gas works in the city of Prince Rupert
and will install a gas-producing plant capable
of supplying 75,000,000 cubic feet of gas per
annum for light and heating purposes.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— Tests are to be made
on the new incinerator, now on a series of
trials for general garbage destruction, with a
view to ascertaining the possibilities of the
machine for developing power for heating and
lighting purposes.
PETERBOROUGH, ONT,— The Otonabee
Power Co. are spending $200,000 to increase
its eciuipment. A new plant with an estimated
output of 4,000 h.p. will be Installed.
SARNIA, ONT,— The ratepayers will be
asked to vote in favor of a muulcipally-owned
electric light plant.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— A by-law to provide
$100,000, the expenditure for the initial work
on the municipal power plant at Grand Rapids
on the Athaliaskan River, about 200 miles
north of Edmonton, was defeated by an over-
whelming majority. Citizens believed the
scheme, which \Vill cost between $3,000,000 and
.'(14,000,000, too big a one for the city at the
present time.
WEYBURN, SASK.— The town council have
had under consideration the advisability of
sunplying a day current of electricity to those
desiring to avail themselves of same and at
the regular meeting held recently it was de-
cided to put the plan in operation as soon as
possible.
MILLTOWN, N.B.— A Toronto concern Is
anxious to establish an electric power and
heating plant in Milltowu, and has asked the
town council for the privilege of installing and
operating such a plant.
GENERAL, MANUFACTDBING.
CHATHAM, ONT.— A sugar factory with a
daily capacity of one thousand tons will be
built here. D. A. Gordon, M.P., of the Wallace-
burg and Berlin factories, Is interested.
ST. MARY'S, ONT.— The Hunt Engineering
Co., of lola, Kansas, have Ijeeu engaged by the
St. Mary's Portland Cement Co., composed
largely of Toronto capitalists, for the construc-
tion of a building and plant with a daily ca-
pacity of 1,200 barrels.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The Gilmour Soap Co.,
of Montreal, contemplate establlshiug a branch
here.
TORONTO, ONT.— The E. W. Gillett Co.
will build a new plant at a cost of $250,000.
WELLAND, ONT.— Frederic B. Stevens,
Toronto and Detroit, recently supplied to the
Quality Bed, Ltd., Welland, Out., one No. 28
Collian cupola ; to the Jones Machine Co.,
Chattanooga, Tenn., one No. 28 Collian cup-
ola, and to the Sherwood Brass Works, De-
troit; the Universal Motor Truck Co., De-
troit; the Buting Brass & Bronze Co., To-
ledo, Installations of the injector sand blast
systems.
The Montre.ll branch of the H. W. Johns-
manville Co. moved from their offices In
the Eastern Townships Bank building, Mon-
treal, on May 1st, to a new location. No. 450-
452 St. James Street. The building has five
floors, and a full stock of their entire line will
be carried.
John Sabin, formerly manager of the
Bundy trap department of the American
Radiator Co., Boston, has resigned to become
general sales manager of the Nashua Machine
Co.. of Nashua, N.H., who have taken over
the sales agency of the Bundy trap.
BUII.DINO NOTES,
VANCOUVER, B.C.— C. F. Perry has plans
for a seven -storey brick block 50x120 feet with
stores on the ground and apartments upstairs.
TORONTO, ONT.— A handsome modern
office building will be erected at 48 Adelaide
Street East, on property recently acquired by
Hon. J. H. Phippen, K.C.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— All)ert Des Brisay will
erect a six-storey brick building at a cost of
$75,000. The first two floors will be utilized
[1
11
DIES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W, H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
Two-Jaw Box Chuck9
specially designed for Jast, continuous
and accurate turret lathe work.
Body and sliding jaws made irom
steel castings. Strong, durable--
yet light m weight.
Face Plate Jaws
Have large screws with double thrust
bearings. Specialfacilitiesforattaching,
(1
Ends pointed at45 deii^s. so ttiat four jaws will
fit close loRelher at centre Sizes 4 to 14 in.
WBITB FOR 1911 CATALOGUE OP IHPROVED
LATBE CBUCKS.
S. E. HORTON MACHINE CO.
WINDSOR LOCKS, CONN., U.S.A.
(Not the E. Horton & Son Co.)
B
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Our 1911 Catalogue of valu-
able information regarding
"CUSHMAN CHUCKS"
is now ready. Better write for
it. It's free on request.
The Custiman Gtiuck Co.
Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.
Eatabllshed 1862
62
CANADIAN MACHINERY
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that SWIFT & COMPANY
has obtained for Canada Patent No. 117195 in
connection with comb bacon hanger, and the
American Can Company, of Montreal, is manu-
facturing this article and is prepared to
supply the same, to any person who may wish
to purchase the article, at a reasonable
price.
Any person, firm or corporation desiring to
purchase this article will kindly communicate
with the American Can Company, Montreal, P.Q.
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can be securad for any class of castlncs by arranKingr your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult witli
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN, METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS, CORES, OILS, Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.
Best
Leather
Made
TOROWTO
St.Johh.W.B,
MONTREAL
. Vancouver
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
IVIoro l.licoly -to k>» Aocciraiio.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
for mercantile purposes with the four upper
floors for liviug rooms.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Grant and . Manderson
bave prepared plans for a flve-storey block for
A. Williams.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— The Oddfellows
propose erecting a fine new building here. It
will be equipped with the latest sanitary fix-
tures. Steam heat will be used throughout
and an elaborate ventilating plant installed.
Architects Hood & Scott, of this city, are in
charge.
VICTORIA, B.C.— The Hudson's Bay Co.
have purchased a site here and will erect a
thoroughly up-to-date departmental store, the
largest west of Winnipeg.
VICTORIA, B.C.— H. S. Griffiths has prepar-
ed plans for a six-storey block here to cost
$80,000.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— The C.P.B. will
spend $3,000,000 on improvements here, in-
cluding a coal dock, wharf and plant capable
of storing 1,000,000 tons of coal.
TORONTO, ONT. — A Montreal syndicate
will spend $180,000 on an artificial ice rink
here, on the present site of the Mutual
street rink, which they bought for $120,000.
The syndicate is composed of W. Wylle,
R. Bedford, A. C. B. Claxton, Mr. Boswell and
a number of others prominent in Montreal
financial circles.
TORONTO, ONT.— Frank Wilson has se-
cured a permit for a 9-storey office building
to cost $125,000 at 77 Adelaide street west.
TORONTO, ONT. — The Toronto Furniture
Co. have taken out a permit to build a
.^70,000 factory here.
PLANING Snl/LS.
DEER PARK, B.C.— Mr. Kenna, of Everett,
Wash., representing a number of saw mill men,
was here recently with a view to establishing
a saw mill.
REVBLSTOKE, B.C.— The Bowman Lumber
Co.'s mill and plant, valued at $50,000. to-
gether with about five or six hundred thous-
and feet of storage logs, were destroyed by
fire.
CRANBROOK, B.C.— The Campbell Lumber
Co. are overhauling the old saw mill on the
timber limits near Kitchener and expect to
have it in operation by August 1st.
PRINCE ALBERT, SASK.— The Big River
Lumljer Co. now have, if not the largest, at
least one of the most up-to-date saw-milling
plants in the whole of Canada. It has been
completed at a cost of $1,000,000 and stands o-
150 acres of cleared ground. It is a three-
band mill, with vertical and horizontal re-saw.
One of the features of the plant is the planing
mill, which Is run by electricty generated on
the ground. There are twelve boilers, each
of 150 horse-power, a 1,800 horse-power engine
to run the mill, and a 1,000 horse-power en-
gine to run the dynamo which generates the
plectricity for the planing mill. The mill It-
self is fitted with all the latest devices for fire
protection. Including a complete sprinkling
system.
COOKVILLB, N.B.— J. L. Hicks' large sta-
tionary saw mill was completely destroyed
by fire recently. Loss Is partially covered by
insurance.
TORONTO, ONT.— W. H. Martin & Co,,
planing mill operators, builders, and contract-
ors, Langley avenue, have assigned to N. L.
Martin and Co., but a reorganization may be
submitted to the creditors. The liabilities are
estimated at .1!,50,000, with the assets exceeding
that amount.
BLAIRMORE. ALTA.— A. G. Peuchen. To-
ronto, has purchased Senator McLaren's saw
mUl, and ttfok possession on May first.
VANCOUVER. B.C. — John Hanbury has er-
ected here a million dollar plant, capable of
turning out 1,000 doors a day. Mr. Hanbury
has two large mills in the Crow's Nest coun-
try and another at Brandon.
NEW COMPANrES.
MONTREAL, QUE.- The Modern Gas. Light
Kent & Power, Ltd., capital stock, $250,000,
have been incorporated to manufacture and
deal In gasoline and gas engines and nil
kinds of machinery appliances, plants and
tools, etc. P. G. Ma.1eau, Insurance broker,
,T. A. Chognon, accountant; P. Dftrocher, ad-
vocate, all of Montreal; and .T. D. Dufresne,
manufacturer, of St. Hyacinthe, and P. La-
ccistp. nflvocate, of Outremont.
WINDSOR, ONT.— The Canadian Moloney
Electric Co., capitalized at $150,000, have been
Incorporated to manufacture and deal In
transformers, motors, dynamos. Instruments,
pumps, turbines, etc.. etc. T. O. Moloney,
manufacturer, D. McKcnzIe, hotel-keeper, J.
W. Hnnna, barrister, and O, Nartals, real
estate dealer, all of Windsor.
WINDSOR. ONT. — The Canadian Automatic
Heating & Refrigerating Co.. capital $250,000.
have been Incorporated to manufacture ma-
chinery, engines, motors, etc. T. W. Brown,
commercial salesman, C. Wright, attorney, H.
G. Hoke. Insurance agent, and L. J. Shuck,
CANADIAN MACHINERY
63
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Perfacted
GEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Ruching and Pleating Machinery.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
3 Front 8t, W,, Toronto
RAM Q a"d SUPPLIES
r\A\IL_0 New and Second-hand
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc
Old Material Bought and Sold.
Ernest Scott
145 Bleury St. •.• MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool
Maker
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Stampings and Light
Manufacturing
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Do Your
Tumbling
in ;i Global improved
Tiltin« TumMer ami
get finest re suite,
quickest and cheap-
est. It '\» made in six
Bizea for all purposes
for wet or dry work.
"GLOBE"
Dies and StampinKa.
Bpeciat Manufacturing
Contract Work.
If you want to get
an interesting little
magazine free, ask
for "THE SIL-
ENT PARTNER.'
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.
899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, O,
Canadian Aeent:
H. W. PETRIE, Tom St. W., Toronto, Conxla
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRINfl CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
stenographer, nil of Detroit, and F. C. Kcrby,
of Windsor.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Cement Gun Co.,
capital $600,000. have been Incorporated to
manufacture and deal In all kinds of ma-
chinery. Iron, steel, etc. G. H. Browne, pro-
moter, and H. Wise, gentleman, both of New
York; H. Hitch, contractor, Montreal; T. W.
Horn and R. J. Cluff, manufacturers, both
of Toronto.
TORONTO. ONT.— The General Machinery
Co., capital $10,000, have been Incorporated to
.manufacture and deal in engines, boilers, ma-
chinery, tools, air compressors, etc. H. H.
Williams, manufacturer, B. W. Folger, A. E.
Knox and B. L. Mlddletun, oarrlsters, and
F. Morrow, bookkeeper, all of this city.
ST. CATHARINES, ONT.— The Canadian
Yale & Towne, Ltd., have been incorporated
to manufacture and deal In safes, locks, safe
locks, hinges, padlocks, and ornamental Iron,
door checks, chain hoists, etc., etc. H. R.
Towne and ,T. H. Towne, of New York; W.
C. Allen, of Stamford, Conn.; J. B. MllUken,
of Montclalr, N.J., and E. H. Porter, of
Stamford, Conn. Capital $100,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— The National Electric
Heating Co., capital $60,000, have been Incor-
poT-atcd to manufacture and sell electrically-
heated devices and other electrical appliances.
B. Enusevsk.v, manufacturer, A. Prltzker, elec-
trician. S. Harris, merchant. S. Enusevsky,
married woman, R. MacGregor, gentleman, C.
B. A. Dowler, bank manager, and J. B. Dal-
zell. solicitor, all of Gait, Ont.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Standard Steel
Works, capitalized at $1,000,000. have been In-
corporated to carry on the business of Iron
masters, steel makers, steel converters, and
to manufacture and deal in iron, steel, ma-
chinery, etc.. etc. G. V. Cousins and O. B.
McCallum. barristers, P. F. Brown, secretary,
W. R. Ford, clerk, and S. T. Mains, book-
keeper, all of this city.
.TOLIETTE. QUE.— The La Fonderle du
Peuple. Limltee. capitalized at .$40,000. have
been Incorporated to cast, mold and smelt
metals, and carry on the business of found-
ers, etc. H. Desmarals. machinist. .T. Lafleche
and U. Chaput, merchants, .1. A. Gulbault and
E. Hebprt. advocates, and A. Boucher, broker,
all of this place.
TORONTO, ONT,— The Brltish-Cnnndian
Shipbuilding & Dock Co., capital $10,000,000.
have been Incorporated to design, construct,
enlflrge. repair, complete, etc., etc., dry docks,
floating docks, etc., and to carry on the busi- '
ness of shipbuilding, fonndrymen, Iron found-
ers, brass founders, tool makers, machinists,
etc.. etc. Sir Henry Pellatt. Lient.-Gov. Gib-
son, both of Toronto; C. Ellis, of Cyldebank.
Scotland : A. Grade, of Glasgow, Scotland,
and A. C. Ross, of Sydney, N.S.
AN INTERESTING SHIPMENT.
Electrical and mill machinery and farming
Implements formed a large part of the cargo
of the Japanese steamship. Canada Maru.
which left port recently for the Orient on her
maiden voyage out from Victoria. The liners
of the Osaka Shosen Kalsha line carry large
shipments of machinery on every voyage out
from the Sound besides much other freight.
Machinery and farming Implements leaving
on the Canada Maru were valued at about
$100,000. There were 467 cases of electrical
machinery and fl.vtures. valued at .$30,178, and
229 pieces of mill machinery, valued at .$30.-
4-'0. There were 118 pieces of farming Imple-
ments, valued at $20,630: 22 pieces of engine
machinery, valued at $250. and tlve pieces of
laundry machinery, valued at $433.
PtACE STEEIi ORDERS.
The Canadian Car and Foundry Co. has
placed an order for 50.000 tons of plain struc-
tural material with the United States Steel
Products Co. Plates and shapes will be rolled
at the mills of the corporation. The prospect
is also favorable for further Important orders
for finished steel, including rails for export
to the Dominion. Canadian car shops are over-
flowing with orders, and locomotive works, too.
are well supplied, while Canadian rail mills
have their full capacity sold for a year. This
is a marked contrast to tlie lean orders that
have been placed by U.S. transportation com-
panies with domestic equipment shops, the
most important of which are running only
40 per cent, of capacity.
MONSTER INDUSTRY LOCATES AT
HjIMILTON.
Hamilton, Ont. has succeeded in Inducing
the Standard Underground Cable Co., of Pitts-
l>urg. to litcate there and gets what will un-
doubtedly prove to be one of her greatest In-
dustries. The companv have already let a
contract for a $100,000 bnllding. the first of the
five or six to be erected at a cost of iJ.'iOO.Ono.
As a starter, they will employ 300 hands and
when In full operation its staff will number
about !500.
Bournet & Blanchard
(opposite the Post Office)
LACHINE - QUEBEC
Machinists and Tool Makers.
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Manufacturers o f Gasoline
Motors.
Write us for price:
SrtTctiEDCoTfonOucK.
4> BEIiTiriG
Doniwon BEiiTmcCakB
HammohGwiam?.'
-■ - "-->--'^'--«
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
^ALL KINDS-^
Difficult Core Work a Specially
High Grade • Right Prices • Promp^ Delivery
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
asa CATMERINt STREET NORTH
HAMILTON . ONT
FOR
TALL KINDS OF MACHINE'
WORK. MADE IN
WOOD. BRASS
WHITE METAL OR IRON
'by the very highest class of skilled^
mechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
87 Jdrvi5 5t.Toronto.,Canada^
64
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The Foss&Hill Machinery Co.
329 St. Jimis Sirecl, Montretl, Que.
\s«nti for
SclMucktr & h*r*. Ciiciuili, Lilko
n« G. 1. Grav C* , riuera
TktCiiciiMli LilW & TmI Ca.. ISia. Ulbcs
n« IlielUt Nichiiic Tool Co., Iidiil DrilU
TW J. T. Slocoab Co., BlcrsHOltrs
Machinory and Mill Suppliao of all land*
SWIFTMOTORGARCO.
CHATHAM. ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUFACTURERS OF
THE "SWIFT"
MARINE ENGINE
Special
Announcement
The Jefiery
Correspondence Schools
take this means to inform ALL
mechanics that by our plan techni-
cal instructions can be received at
minimum costs ; far cheapvr and
better than by any other method.
There is now being prepared by a
corps of capable men, and at great
expense, instruction papers of
iaterest and value to every en-
gineer. Join the JefFery Corres-
pondence Schools TO-DAY as a
charter member, fee being only
$i.oo for a limited time. By our
plan you order from the list the
parts you want ; you do not have
to buy parts you do not want in
order to get other parts. Cut out
this advertisement and mail with
$i.oo and your name will be entered
on the register as a " charter
member." Act now. Address
Jeffery
Correspondenoe Schools
600 Keefer Place. Washington. D.C.
LoaB Distance Telephone l^p. 4Ur>
The Advance Machine Works Co.
i77a Canning St., Montreal, Que.
f.ENERAL MACHINI.ST8 AND ENtilNEER.S
Spociul Machinery to order. Kepair work
of erery kind. And large Liiit of secoiul-
hand lua?hin rj.
O.WAOETYLKNK WELDING AND CUTTING
Warden King Lowden
SUPPLIES &
MECHANICAL „„^„...,,^„ ELECTRICAL
SPECIALTIES
13 Bleury Street, MONTREAL
REPRESENTING :
UNION TWIST DRILL CO.
Drills. Gear and Milling Cutters, etc.
S. W. CARD MFG. CO.
Taps. Dies. Screw Plates, etc.
QUALITY SAW & TOOL WORKS
Hand and Power Blades for all classes
of work.
J. D. McARTHUR & CO.
Leather BeltinK.
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machi ne
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting steel.
Hard,
tougrh,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for tfial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
SimondsCanada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. John. N.B. VancouTer. B.C_
Jn the UnitedStatts, Simonds Mfg. Co.
All weidhts up „ to, 6,000 lbs.
We make a socially of difficult cored work
LET tIS FIGURE ON YOUR REQUIREMENTS
Gaut Foundry Co. Gaut.Ont.
STKEl, COMPANY OFFICERS.
At a meeting of the Steel Company held "at
Hnmilton recently, the following directors
were elet-ted : C. S. Wilcox, ilamiltou, presi-
dent; Charles Alexander, Providence, K.I.;
Hamilton Benn. London, Eng, ; Lloyd Harris,
M.P., Brantford; H. S. Holt, Montreal; W. D.
Matthews, Toronto; Hon. Wm. Gibson, Beams-
vllle; Cyrus A. Birge. Robert Hobson, William
Southam and Johe Milue, Hamilton.
H. L. Peiler A Co.
H. L. Peiler & Co., agents for Canada of
the Bundy trap. Mason's valves, etc., took
possession on first May of new and very much
larger premises !it S80 St. James St., Mon-
treal. Mr. Peiler's new office occupies the
ground floor with show windows and is locat-
ed In what Is known In Montreal as "Ma-
chinery Row." This step has been necessi-
tated by increasing business.
BOOK REVIEWS.
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS— By Charles Day, 294
pages, SM^lhi Ins., illustrated ; published
by the Engineering Magazine, 140-142
Nassau St., New York. Price $3.
As the arrangement and construction of
industrial plants should be considered In
scientific management, this treatise should
greatly assist in bringing the plant up to a
high state of efficiency and economy. In this
book Mr. Day defines, in permanent form, the
principles and the practical precepts of scl-
entifle plant construction. Chapters I. to
VIII. inclusive of this excellent volume is
founded upon a series of lectures delivered
l)y the author before the Graduate School of
Business Administration, Harvard University,
and the engineering students at Columbia
University. They have to do largely with the
enunciation of broad industrial principles
and a definition of the manner in which the
.'rrranging and planning of Industrial plants
should be conducted to arrive at the most
satisfactory of these principles. One of
these chapters is devoted to a fairly complete
exposition of the use of the routing diagram
as a basis of the laying out of industrial
properties.
The other chapters give specific Informa-
tion on some of the important problems that
enter directly into the metal-working plants,
and particularly machine shop work. One
chapter includes descriptions of the prin-
cipal points of Interest presented by a num-
ber of plants selected as Illustrating the trend
of modern practice. They exemplify results
secured when the prfiblems of planning and
building are approached In a logical and
thorough manner. Chapters XI. and XII.
deal with the "Value of an Engineering Or-
ganization to the Project," and "Compensa-
tion for Engineering and Construction Ser-
vice." respectively. This latter Is of value
to industrial managers as many of them are
at a loss to know how to secure, for their
own benefit, the economies resulting through
the applications of the principles referred to
In Chapters I. to XI. A copy of this book
will be found of great value, therefore, to
managers of industrial concerns.
ELECTRICITY EXPERIMENTALLY AND
PRACTICALLY APPLIED— by Sydney Whit-
more Ashe, B.S., E.E., author of "Electrical
Railways," published by the D. Van Nostrand
Co., 23 Murray and 27 Warren Sts., New
Tork; ,"?49 pages. 5% x 7% ins. Price $2 net.
The treatise is for the beginner and for prac-
tical men dealing with electrical principles,
experiments, practical applications and prob-
lems. It presents the subject from an ex-
perimental standpoint and In a very simple
way showing the practical features. The
volume is particularly adapted to courses of
instruction given to those engaged in actual
electrical work and should likewise prove
useful as a text for high schools and for
college laboratory courses. There are seven-
teen chapters arranged as follows : Magnetism,
lOlectro-Magnetlsm, Electro-Magnetic Induc-
tion, Ohm's Law, Primary and Storage Bat-
teries, Electrolysis. Three-wire System, Elec-
trical Measurements, Shunt Motor, Series Mo-
tor, Incandescent Illumlnants. Recording
Wattmeters, Alternating Currents, A. C.
Transformer. Induction Motor and the Rotary
Converter. The subject matter is well Illus-
trated, there being 422 illustrations used In
the text.
HEAT ENGINES— By John K. Allen, Pro-
fessor, and Joseph A. Bursley, Assistant Pro-
fessor in mechanical engineering at the Uni-
versity of Michigan; 288 pages, 6x9 Ins.;
illustrated; published by the McGraw-Hill
Book Co., 239 West 39th St., New York.
Price, $3 net.
This book treats of steam, gas, steam tur-
bines, and their auxiliaries and is prepared
as an elementary treatise on the subject of
heat engines, only those which are most com-
monly used being considered. It was written
CANADIAN MACTTINERY
65
primarily us a text book, tlic subject-matter
baviug bccii used In the classes at the Uni-
versity of Mulligan for a number of years.
There are elgUteen iliaplers dealing with
Iloat, Elementary Tlicrmodyuamles, l^roper-
tles of Steam, Calorimeters, Combustion,
UoUers, Steam Kiigines, Steam Turbines, Uas
Knglues, etc. rroblems are given at tiie end
of each iliapter and the booli is a useful one
to tbe student of power.
WATKU TUKUINK I'LANT— by .lens Ort-
en-Boving, M.I.M.K., published liy Kaitliby.
Lawrence k Co., Thanet House, 231-242
Strand, London, W.C., Kng., 11)7 pages, 9x11
Ins.. illustraled. I'rke, 10s, lid.
This book has been prepared primarily as
a text-book dealing with tlie moiiern tlieory.
design, and applii-ation of waier turbines and
accessories, and also as a catalogue. It is
conflued to the more purely mechanical por-
tions of water power installations. It is in-
teresting to note tliat the basis of the volume
Is a series of lei-tures which Mr. Bovlng read
liefore the Japanese Association of Mechanical
Kngineers of which Mr. Bovlng is a memlier
The letters were eveutually privately issueil
in book form as a part of the Journals of that
Society ; since that time they have liecome a
text book for students of water power and its
problems, in Japan.
The work is divided into three sections
(1) Theory and Tests. (2) Classification and
Dimensions and (3) Description of Various
Power Stations. This is very complete aud of
great value for the purpose for which it is
written. Mr. Bovlng is president of tlie Cana-
dian Boving Co., Toronto, who have made
a number of iustallatious in Canada. Refer-
ences to some of these are made in Tart 3,
notably among them being the plants at Win-
nipeg and Calgary.
ELECTRICAL POCKET BOOK— Annual
Electrical Pocket Book and Diary for 1911,
published by the Technical Publishing Co.,
55 and 5ij Chancery Lane, London, W.C, Eng.,
3M! X e Ins., 567 pages, excluding diary. Price,
cloth. Is. net; leather, Is. 6d. net; postage,
3d. extra.
In this edition several sections have been
revised and less important matters have given
way to new Items. The articles on the dyn-
amo have been revised l)y C. C; Hawkins,
M.A. Among alternations and additions
which now appear are: Notes on the Ward-
Leonard, Ilgner and Westinghouse rotary-
converter equalizer systems; balancers and
boosters; metallic fllament lamps, Edison
storage cells, re-arrangement of wire tables,
* DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINERY— Eighth
edition, completely rewritten, dealing with
Dynamo Electric Machinery ; its construction,
design and operation (direct current ma-
chines) by Samuel Sheldon, A.M., Ph.D.; D.Sc.
professor of electrical engineering at the
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, and Erich
Housmann, E.E., M.S.. Instructor in the Poly-
technic Institute of Brooklyn; 5 x 7V4 Ins.;
328 pages, illustrated, published by the D.
Van Nostrand Co., 23 Murray St., New York.
Price $2.50.
The book has been written as a text book
for use of students, the method of presenta-
tion being especially adapted to the class-
room. With the exception of the first two
chapters, the book has been entirely re-
written; nearly 200 of the illustrations are
new, most of them having been especially
drawn to make clear methods of construction
and characteristics of operation ; and it has
been considerably extended in scope. In the
new matter is Included a set of problems at
the end of each chapter, a presentation of
the theory of commutation, means for the
predetermination of the operating character-
istics of direct current generators and mo-
Milling Cutters
National Cutters are guaran-
teed by first-class material,
skilled workmanship and years
of experience.
Made in shapes and sizes to
cover every requirement.
WRITE FOR CATALOG B.
TBE NATIONAL TOOL CO.
CLEVELAND, 0.. U.S.A.
(STABIISHED
mCOaPORATED
I eos
imilhi Filli
/naniffacturerj
MALLEABLE
* IRON *
CASTINGS
• TWO PLANTS °
_,^e^ 8000 TONS _
Smith's fblis Ontario
"Dart" Unions
CANNOT LEAK
Pick out the most inconvenient
and meanest joint in the shop — a
joint that continually causes trouble
by leaking — put a Dart Union in
its place and it will never bother
you again.
The BRONZE TO BRONZE
connections insure a perfectly tight
joint, whether pipes are in or out
of line.
Dart Unions have a positive
guarantee. Ask your jobber for
this money saver.
DART UNION CO., Limited, 93-97 Niat^ara St., Toronto, Can
The Shaft Bearings in
STEPTOE SHAPERS
never wear out. They are provided with bushings that can easily be re-
placed if necessary, and Ring Oilers keep the bearings constantly flooded in
oil, thereby preventing the shafts from getting hot and cutting. The Bull
Gear Bearing has a chain oiler, and a number of other features (which we
cannot explain here) make STEPTOE SHAPERS "just a little better."
The John Steptoe Shaper Co.
1953 Jessamine Street - . . . CINCINNATI, OHIO
Agents: GENERAL SUPPLY CO. OF CANADA, Limited, Ottawa, Toronto and Winnipeg
1
4
1
66
CAJJADIAN MACHINEkY
tors, a discussion on storage batteries from
the engineeriufr point of view, a treatment of
the theory of balancers and of boosters, and
a discussion of costs, prices and operating
expenses of machines and plants. The book
covers the field intimated by the title, thor-
oughly, as is shown by the following chap-
ter titles: 1. Electrical Laws and Foots. 2.
Magnetic T^ws and Facts. 3. Armatures.
4. Field Magnets. 5. Armature Reaction and
Commutation. 6. Efficiency of Generators,
Constant-Potential Generators and Constant
Current Generators. 7. Motors. 8. Dyna-
motors, Motor-Generators, Boosters and Stor-
age Batteries. 9. Central Station Equipment,
FEED WATER HEATER— The Stewart
Heater Co.. Buffalo, N.Y., have Issued a book-
let of Illustrative and descriptive matter per-
taining to the various types of Otis tubular
feed watei heaters, combined with oil separ-
itor and purifier. These are made for either
exlia,i8l or live steam iu verticnl tir iiorlzoutal
form The heater body is of steel or Iron
boiler plate, riveted at the top end to a heavy
east iron ring, with prelecting rim cast on Its
outer surface, forming a flange, to which the
tube sheet and top dividing plate Is attached
by one row of bolts. The lower end of shell
Is riveted to a heavy cast Iron conical bottom,
and which is in the case of the vertical type,
supported by four legs, forming a substantial
brse. The tubes are of seamless brass. Prom-
inent among the features claimed for these
heaters Is the facility with which they can be
cleaned, the certainty of precipitation of Im-
purities in the heater before the water enters
the boilers, the absence of DacK pressure, the
fact that each tube may expand independently
of the others, the extraction of the oil, the
separation of the water of condensation and
means for carrying It off. With one square
foot beating surface per horse-power used
water at boiling point Is gnaranteed from ex-
haust steam.
VULCAN SOOT CLEANER— A booklet re-
ceived from the Vulcan Tube Cleaning Sys-
tems, Ltd., 204 St. James St., Montreal, gives
testimonial letters telling "what users are say-
ing about the Vulcan soot cleaner."
SPRAY NOZZLcs.— The Buffalo Forge Co.,
New York, have issued a booklet describing
their spray noziilcs and strainers. They cover
such purposes as mine washing, gas washing,
condensing plants, chemical plants, etc. The
text and Illustrations show their construction
ami detail their operation.
'jfMmm-mm
mpm nun mmofmsiH
NNf«iMi)fiii;raiNiii»i[s
SEND FOR BOOKLET
mi WlLLtH^SOH liwiuD
U\^'\.ilkHlSSVHOmiM.'
ALSO
TOROHTO- WinHIPEG-VAaCOOVtR
The
Moreau Pulpwood Barker
The cheapest and most economical barking device on the
market to-day.
WASTE : 1 6 to 1 SVo according to size of wood.
POWER : 6 to 8 horse-power.
CAPACITY : Up to three cords per hour.
We have free demonstration of this barker at Montreal.
Call or write. 485 St. James Street.
Canada Ford Co.
Th4 advertiser would like to know where you saw his ad^ertisetnent — tell hitn.
/'. « ■
Developments in the Electric Smelting of Iron and Steel
By Tho». D. Robertson, M. Mel.
The Writer Gives an Interesting and Instructive Account of the Rapid Progress
Being Made in the Electric Smelting of Irun and Steel, and From Figures and Data
Secured From Carefully-made Tests of Operation, Shows This Process to be Com-
mercially Valuable and of Extreme Importance to Such a Country as Canada, With
its Immense Mineral and Water-power Resources.
■p XPERIMENTS were made, under
•'"'the Dominion Government supervis-
ion, at Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., in the
winter of 1905-6 to test the feasibility
of smelting Canadian iron ores, using
charcoal as a reducing agent. While
these preliminary investigations were
regarded as satisfactory, no further ex-
perimentation was proceeded with in
Canada.
Experiments in Sweden.
In Sweden, however, where the condi-
tions governing the iron industry are
similar to those in several provinces of
the Dominion of Canada, the question
of electric iron smelting was taken up
in 1906. Three Swedish engineers,
Messrs. Gronwall, Lindblad and Stal-
hane, commenced experiments, and after
overcoming many preliminary difficul-
ties, succeeded in the summer of 1908 in
constructing a furnace which was dur-
able and gave a good output. Profiting
by experience, they determined to build
a furnace of 700 h.p. at Domnarfvet, in
order to test the commercial feasibility
of the equipment. The experiments
with this furnace were witnessed by Dr.
Eugene Haanel, of the Government De-
partment of Mines, Ottawa, and in 1909
a report was issued giving the results.
So impressed were the Swedish iron-
masters with the working of this small
Gronwall reduction furnace, that the
Swedish Association of Ironmasters,
"Jem Kontoret," determined to erect
a furnace of 2,500 h.p. at Trollhattan;
their idea being to thoroughly test the
furnace on a commercial scale.
Furnace Test.
This furnace was started in Novem-
ber, 1910. Various consignments of ore
were sent from the different mines of
Sweden to be smelted. Most of the
pig iron produced was sent to different
steel works and made into steel ; the
quality of which was then tested.
The fuel used was charcoal, and a
special store with belt conveyors and
rope-way to the furnace top was built.
A separate crusher house for the ore
and limestone communicates by an in-
clined track with the furnace top.
Power was supplied from the Swedish
Government power station at Trollhat-
tan, at a tension of 10,000 volts. This
I hree-phase supply is transformed by
means of two transformers of 1,100 K.
V.A. each, with Scott's connections to
two-pliase current, which can be regu-
lated between 50 and 90 volts.
Furnace Detail.
The height of the furnace from the
ground to the charging platform is 45
feet. Two separate portions are to be
distinguished ; the shaft and the
crucible or hearth. Fig. 1. The shaft
is a cylindrical steel shell lined with fire
brick, and fastened to an octagonal sup-
porting ring, which bears on two built
up beams, supported by the walls of the
building. By this means the weight of
the shaft and a large portion of the
charge is carried, relieving the hearth
roof of the weight. At the top of the
shaft is a Tholander charging bell oper-
ated by a small motor; the object of
this special bell being to deposit the ore
and limestone round the walls of the
shaft, and the charcoal in the centre.
The hearth resting on a concrete
foundation, has a steel shell lined with
firebrick, and an inner lining of mag-
nesite brick. The basin shaped bottom
is lined with a mixture of magnesite and
tar, extending nearly to the top of the
walls. The roof is of firebrick, and has
openings to admit the electrodes. These
latter are four in number, and pass
through the roof at an angle of 65 de-
grees to the horizontal.
Electrode Adaption.
For the first six months this furnace
ran with square, built up electrodes.
Owing, however, to rapid development in
the manufacture of large carbon elec-
trodes, it has now become possible to
obtain a round type of high electrical
conductivity, 600 m.m. diameter. These
have therefore been fitted to the Troll-
ricf.
204
CANADIAN MACHINERY
hattan furnace. The electrode holder
was formerly at the top, but new hold-
ers are now fitted which grip the elec-
iroile at the jx)int where it enters the
roof. This reduces the electrical resist-
ance losses to a minimum. Each elec-
trode holder is supported on a frame
which can be raised or lowered between
two guides, by means of two long screws
turned by a hand wheel. The round
electro<les are fitted with screw joints,
enabling a new one to be screwed on to
the stump of the old, thereby doing
away with waste from stump ends. Cop-
per water jackets surround the elec-
trodes at the point where they enter
the roof.
Gas Circulation.
A novel feature of the furnace, is the
circulation of the gas produced by the
reduction. The cool gas from the top
of the shaft is taken and blown by
means of a fan through tuyeres under
the roof of the hearth. This gas cools
the roof and prolongs its life, at the
same time becoming itself heated. It
passes again up the shaft, and parts
with its heat to the descending charge,
thereby assisting materially in the re-
duction. The excess gas at present is
allowed to turn into the air.
Dust catchers were used at first for
cleaning the gas, but now a water scrub-
ber has been installed, the arrangement
of which can be clearly seen in the ac-
oompanying cut. Fig. 2.
General Feattires.
The low tension copper busbars are
carried to the furnace by suspended in-
sulated holders and the current is taken
from the bars to the electrodes by
means of flexible bare copper cables.
The furnace is equipped with all neces-
sary measuring instruments for temper-
ature, pressure and gas analysis, and
the instrument board has a complete set
of electrical meters.
The smooth working of this furnace
has been a feature from the very begin-
ning. In most electric furnaces, the
current is regulated by raising and low-
ering the electrodes, but in reduction
furnaces working with gas pressure in-
side, this method is not practicable. In
fact the electrodes are only lowered to
adjust their wearing, this having only
to be done about once every fortnight.
The current is regulated by altering the
primary windings of the transformers,
and the arrangements are such, that the
two phases can work simultaneously
with different tensions.
The burden of the furnace was con-
stantly altered during the first six
months' working in order to obtain as
much information as possible about its
operation under varying conditions.
I^rge proportions of finely divided
concentrates were at times used. As
much as ti5 per cent, caused no incon-
venience in working. The shaft of this
Trollhattan furnace is somewhat nar-
row, but with a wider shaft, it is ex-
pected that charges of all kinds will be
smelted successfully.
Operation Statistics.
The following figures are averages for
'five months working from November,
1910 to April 1911 :—
Percentage of iron in ore .. 61.54
Percentage of iron in charge 57.00
Slag per metric ton of iron. . 719.4 lbs.
Charcoal per metric ton of iron 793 Ihs.
Time of working 3,348 hrs.
Time consumed in interrup-
tions 153 hrs.
Total time 3,501 hrs.
Average load in K.W 1,344
Total K.W.H. used .... 4,500,596
Iron per K. W. year (metric
tons) 3.66
Consumption of electrodes per
ton of iron 11.. 59
The gas produced is very rich, con-
taining over 80 per cent, combustible. It
was allowed to burn into the air at this
plant, but arrangements are being made
for its utilization in the various new
plants being erected.
Steel Produced from Electric Pig Iron.
Most of the iron produced during the
high quality steel in the open hearth
furnace, with a considerable saving of
time over ordinary pig iron. The Troll-
hattan furnace has used only charcoal
as fuel, but four furnaces have been
built in Norway whidi are working with
coke. The coke furnace has a shaft
with a smaller volume, greater diameter
and less height than a charcoal furnace.
Gronwall Reduction Furnaces Working
or in Course of Erection.
E.H.P.
Sweden: Trollhattan (altered) 3,000
Domnarfvet, one furnace 4,000
Hagfors, two furnaces (3,000
H.P. each) 6,000
Norway : Tyssedahl, Hardanger two
furnaces (3,500 H.P. each) 7,000
Arenal, two furnaces (2,500
H.P.) 5,000
25,000
With the exception of Trollhattan, all
tlie furnaces use 3 phase current and
have six electrodes. Owing to the larger
and better electrodes now obtainable,
the writer js informed that it will now
be possible to construct units up to 6,000
h.p.
Advantages of Electric Smelting.
One-third of the fuel required per
ton of pig iron made in a blast furnace
is used in the electric furnace, eonse-
above period, was sent to various Swed-
ish works and converted into steel in
open hearth furnaces. These were both
acid and basic, and tests on the steels
produced, show them to be equal and
in some cases snjjerior to steels made
from charcoal pig iron from the same
ore. An interesting feature is, that low
carbon pig iron made in the electric
furnace can be successfullv made into
quently only about two-thirds of the
quantity of materials need to be handled.
The pig iron produced is very regular
in composition, as variations in the con-
ditions due to temperature and humi-
dity of tlie blast, and which cause
trouble in blast furnace practice, are
entirely eliminated. Owing to the basic
lining of the furnace, very basic slag
can be used, giving iron with low sul-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
'205
])lim- cipiitent. In fact ores higli in sul-
phur can be smelted successfully, aiifl
which could not possibly produce mar-
ketable iron in a blast furnace. The
electric furnace can smelt fine ores or
concentrates without the expense of
modulising or briquettinc.
Cost of Production.
This varies in different localities. To
make 3 tons of pig iron the electric
furnace uses 1 ton of fuel (coke or
charcoal) and rather less than 1 e.h.p.
year. In the blast furnace, 3 tons of
fuel are used to make 3 tons of pig
iron.
The electric furnace, therefore, sub-
stitutes one e.h.p. year for two tons
of fuel.
There are many localities having
water power awaiting development, with
iron ore elp.se at hand. To many of
these the freight costs for importing
fuel make blast furnaces too costly,
and into such places the electric fur-
nace will come as the best apparatus for
the profitable production of pig iron.
It may be that it will be found better
to convert the electric pig iron into
high quality steel, rather than put it on
the market as "charcoal" quality iron.
This can very conveniently be done at
the same plant. A large gas-flred metal
mixer would be installed to take the
molten iron from the shaft furnaces.
It would be heated by the waste gas,
whicli is very rich, and a considerable
amount of refining would be performed
in this mixer. The partially refln/pd
metal would then be poured into steel
refining furnaces and treated so as to
produce high quality steel of any desired
composition.
Much progress has been made in the
design of electric steel furnaces during
the last few years, and one of the latest
types of furnace to be introduced is the
invention of the same three Swedish
engineers. Messrs. Gronwall, Lindblad &
Stalhane.
This furnace combines the advantage
of most of the pioneer types, at the
same time eliminating most of their
weak points.
The Gronwall Steel Refining Furnace.
The main feature of this furnace is
that it employs two phase current, and
can utilize existing power supplies
"through static transformers, obviating
the costly running plant necessary to
transform three phase current for
single phase furnaces.
Owing to the two phase arrangement
of two electrodes carrying separate
phases above the bath, and a neutral
return embedded below the basic lining,
the charge of molten metal is kept in
gentle motion and the time for refining
is reduced to a minimum. The reduc-
ing conditions which prevail at the end
of the refining, produce a steel which
is very sound when poured into ingots.
From common raw material steel can
be made of great chemical purity in a
very short time. A Gronwall steel fur-
nace, working in Sheffield, England, has
produced tool steel by melting and re-
fining old rail ends. This steel has been
tested, and found equal to crucible cast
steel, selling at $175 per ton. Using
fluid metal as suggested above, a large
output can be obtained, and with cheap
power, the costs for refining would
work out very, small indeed.
In Sweden, some of the older firms,
who have their reputations to consider,
are pulling down their old plant and put-
ting in electric furnaces. This they have
done only after careful consideration,
being naturally somewhat conservative.
In Canada, there are ore deposits as
yet untouched, there is water power
awaiting development, and the demand
for iron and steel in this growing coun-
try becomes greater every day. The
days wlien electric smelting was in the
experimental stage are over, and for
Canada this question becomes one of
national importance.
The Canadian Boving Co., 164 Bay
street, Toronto, are the representatives
of the foregoing equipment for the Do-
minion of Canada.
Success in Training Industrial Foremen*
By Charles F. Park **
The Writer Shows The Aecessiti/ There Exists for Greater At-
tention Being Paid to the Training of Industrial Foremen, and
by Citing the Success of (he Lowell Institute Course in This
Field, Makes Clear That There is Not Only Necessity but De-
mand and Assured Success Awaiting Other Schools Who Care
to Tuke it up.
XXT E are beginning to feel, that with
' " all our efficient machinery and mo-
dern methods of manufacture, the ab-
sence of systematic training is placing
our industries in a serious situation,
and it has been stated, that "to-day we
are reaping the sorry harvest of ne-
glect." This condition is not only most
unfortunate for the industries, but it is
also deplorably unfortunate for the
workmen.
Industrial Education Necessary.
What reason is there to expect that
our untrained workmen will ever exer-
cise any initiative, or that they can
ever become leaders, even in a small
way ? How can they ever progress even
from the smaller things to the larger
ones, or how can they ever become qual-
ified for positions of responsibility such
as foremen, superintendents or shop
managers ? To be sure many men have
developed under these conditions, but
not because their work gave them pro-
per training, but because they were na-
turally superior men. My appeal in this
paper is for training that will develop
the superior man, but I appreciate that
there is also urgent need of industrial
training for the great mass of ordinary
workmen.
The superior man cannot get the de-
sired training in the shop, and the lack
of men able to carry small responsibil-
ities or to fill the positions of greater
• Abstract of paper presented before the
Congress of Technology, at the fiftieth anni-
versary of the granting of the ch.irter of the
Massnchusetts Institute of Technology.
•• Associate Professor of Mechanical Engi-
neering. )Iassnchusett3 Institute of Tech-
nology: Director of Lowell Institute School
for Industrial Foremen. Boston.
responsibility, comes from the lack of
training of the workmen themselves, and
from whom we must select the leaders.
Sound industrial education has seemed
to several philanthropists to be the
remedy.
A number of years ago Dr. Abbott
Lawrence I.,owen, the trustee of the
Lowell Institute, foresaw the value of
such training, and in 1903 he made a
change in the work done by the Lowell
Institute in connection with the Insti-
tute of Technology. The purpose under-
lying this change, as stated in an early
announcement, is as follows :
Industrial Efficiency Dependent on
Foremen.
We have heard a great deal in late
years, of captains of industry ; but the
efficiency of the industrial art depends,
in a very large measure, and probably
to a constantly increasing extent, upon
the capacity of its non-commissioned of-
ficers— in other words, upon the foremen.
These men receive the same education
to-day as the ordinary mechanic, and it
has been thought that it would be a
great benefit to the community at large
if they could have some instruction in
the principles of applied science, so that
they might understand more thoroughly
the work they are superintending, and
be ready to apply improvements. It is
felt, also, that a better educated class
of foremen would be a benefit to the
community socially, as an intermediary
class between the employer or engineer
on the one hand and the workmen on
the other. To attempt, however, to
train young men separately for the po-
206
CANADIAN MACHINERY
sition of foremen would be under the ex-
isting organization of labor an impos-
sibility. The foremen must continue, for
the present at least, to be promoted
from among the workmen. In giving
them such an education as is desired,
therefore, it is necessary to take men
who are already working at their trade ;
necessary instruction can be given to
them only in the evening.
Scbool for Indnstrial Foremen.
With this object in view, it was de-
cided to substitute for the advanced
courses hitherto given by the Lowell In-
stitute under the auspices of the In-
stitute of Technology, an evening "School
for Industrial Foremen," open free of
charge, to young men who are ambitious
and well-fitted to profit by the instruc-
tion. The term foremen is used in its
broad meaning.
The school comprises two courses, one
mechanical and the other electrical, and
each extends over two years. The work
of t*e school at the outset was prac-
tically the same as it is to-day. The
courses are intended to bring the sys-
tematic study of applied science within
the reach of young men who are follow-
ing industrial pursuits, and who desire
to fit themselves for higher positions,
but are unable to attend courses during
the day.
The schedule of courses is as follows,
being for the mechanical and electrical,
alike for the first year :
FIRST YXAB COCBSE.
Hours.
Uatbematlrs 56
Physics 33
BlectrlPity 28
Mechanism 34
Drawing «'
Totol 192
SECOND TBAB MECHAMICAI..
Hours.
Elements of Thermodynamics, the Steam
Engine and Boilers 38
ValTe Gears 10
Applied Mechanics 38
Elementary Hydraulics 10
Testing Laboratory (Resistance of
Materials) 12
Steam and Hydraulic tiaboratory 24
Mei'hanism Iteaign 12
ElemenUry Machine Design 60
Total 204
SECOND YEAR ELECTBICAIi.
Hours.
Elements of Thermodynamics, The Steam
Engine and Boilers 38
Valve Gears 10
Steam Laboratory 16
Direct Current Machinery 12
Alternating Currents 22
Electric Distribution 80
Electrical Testing (Laboratory) 24
Laboratory of Dynamo Electric Machinery 48
Total 200
ETening Tuition and Work Undertaken.
It may be supposed that men who are
following industrial pursuits during the
day are not in a condition to receive in-
stmction after their day's labor, and
that the instruction under such con-
ditions can be of but little profit ; but
it can be safely stated that such is not
the case.
Some persons again have thought that
the amount of work attempted in the
two years was too large. To be sure,
the courses are severe, and there are at
present not a large number of men who
are capable of following them ; but the
courses are not planned to reach the
greater number of men. They are de-
signed to give training to that group of
picked men who are able to profit by
the instruction, and who will be able
through it to advance to higher positions.
For the eight years of the school's
history about as many men have been
able to keep up with the work as the
capacity of the school would admit. It
is believed that with the facilities at
hand, it is of greater value both to the
men themselves and to the industrial
community to give this high standard of
training to a comparatively small num-
ber of men ; training that will fit them
for positions of foremen and superin-
tendents, rather than to give training of
a lesser degree to a larger number of
students.
Attendance and Diversity of Occupation.
The average yearly attendance has been
about 200 students, 125 in the first-year
class and 75 in the second-year class.
One hundred and eighty-nine men have
graduated, and 30 of this number have
attended the school a" third year, and
are graduates of both the mechanical and
the electrical courses. The men have
come from about 75 different towns with-
in a radius of 20 miles, and a few from
distant cities have taken up work m
Boston, in order to attend the school.
A great variety of occupations have
been represented, but about half the
number of students are draftsmen or
machinists. The oldest man to attend
was 54 years of age, and the youngest
17 years. The average age of the stu-
dents at the end of the first year course
varied from 28 to 24. The average age
of the graduates has varied from 29 to
25 years. A few men have graduated
who were older than 40 years, and a
number have graduated at the age of 19.
Early Educational Record of Students.
The earlier schooling of the men who
have completed the first year course has
averaged as follows :
College graduates, 4 per cent.
Attending college, 9 per cent.
High School graduates, 46 per cent.
Attending High School, 25 per cent.
Grammar school graduates, 13 per cent.
Attending grammar school, 3 per cent.
It will be noticed that, although a lit-
tle more than one halt the students have
been High School graduates, or better, a
considerable number of the men have en-
tered the school with but very little
earlier schooling.
Success of the Scheme.
That the school is making men more
efficient in their regular occupations,
and qualifying them for advancement
along the lines in which they are work-
ing, has been demonstrated by the gra-
duates. Nearly all of these men have
changed their occupations, or have ad-
vanced to a higher grade in the same
line of work.
There are but few exceptions to the
rule that a good workman gets better
pay than a poor one. The following
facts have been compiled from answers
to a circular letter received from about
three-fourths of all the graduates :
Average Increase of Salaries.
Two years after graduation, more than
70 per cent.
Class graduated in May, 1910, 72 p.c.
From three to six years after gradua-
tion, 107 per cent.
A considerable number of graduates
have received increase of salaries great-
er than 200 per cent.., several men have
received more than 300 per cent., and
one man had an increase of 450 per cent.
A LARGE INGOT.
An ingot weighing 130 tons, probably
the largest ever produced in the United
Kingdom, has been cast by Cammell,
Laird & Co. at their Grimesthorpe
Works, Sheffield. It was over 15 ft.
long. At one end it measured 9 ft. by
4 ft. 9 in. and at the other, 9 ft. 3 in.
by 5 ft. After being slabbed down to
about 3 ft. 6 in. thick, which process re-
duced the weight to around 90 tons, it
was then rolled into a mild steel plate.
The rolling operation was carried out in
the armor-plate mill, which is believed
to be the largest and most powerful in
the world, and is operated by engines
of 12,000 h.p. When the job was com-
pleted, the plate measured 18 ft. 6 in.
long, 10 ft. 9 in. broad, and 2.5 in. thick.
R. E. Smythies, who recently arrived
in Canada from England has taken a
part interest in the Boiler Repair and
Grate Bar Co., 69 Adelaide Street, To-
ronto. The office department will be in
his charge, while that of the boiler and
grate bar departments will be attended
to by A. H. Hett, and J. E. Taylor,
respectively.
Not often does the public have the op-
portunity of hearing some of the i^veat
men of the country talk and spin yarr.s
in their leisure moments. A news-o.^per-
man was in the Mount Royal Club the
other night and happened to be aole to
get a little group of old railway pioreers
together — men who are now financial
forces in Canada. One of them, whose
name has to be witheld, but who .ised
to be. "The .\ssistant Engineer" out in
the Rockies when the C.P.R. was binlt,
tells a tale about himself and a horse —
a yellow horse— ^which is really woith
reading., It appears in MacLean's Ma-
gazine for August.
Description of the Electric Method of Spot Welding
By Halyard
This Article Gives a Brief Illustrated Description of the Theory and Principle of Electric
Spot-Welding, Its Practical Application and Most Suitable Material Thicknesses Treated,
Its Strength Compared With Riveted Work, Together With Examples of Tests and
Equipment Details. Those Engaged in Sheet Metal Work Will Find the Data Instructive.
'pHE theory is as simple as its appli-
■*• cation, and is an adaptation of the
well-known principle that a poor con-
ductor of electricity will offer so much
resistance to the flow of the current that
it will heat, the degree of heat depend-
ing on the amount of current and the
resistance of the conductor. An incan-
descent lamp offers a good illustration
short space of time, taking only a frac-
tion of a second when stock as light as
20-gauge is to be welded. In actual
practice one of the copper dies only is
pointed and the opposing one is flat. The
pointed die leaves a slight indentation
on one side of the metal, and the oppo-
site side is perfectly smooth. This is
shown by the cut Fig 1, where both
Fig. 1.
of this principle. The copper wires lead-
ing to the lamp are good conductors and
remain cool, but the carbon filament, be-
ing a poor conductor, becomes white hot,
or reaches a state of incandescence.
Process and Examples.
In spot welding a large volume of
current at such low voltage or pressiiix-
that it cannot be felt by the bare hand
passes through a pair of copper dif
points; two pieces or more of sheet steel
are placed between these points and
when the current is turned on with the
switch, the pieces of steel offer so much
resistance to the flow of current that
they instantly become hot at the point
opposite the copper dies. The hotter the
steel becomes, the greater is the resist-
ance, and automatically the current is
forced into the adjacent cooler parts un-
til all the metal in proximity to the dies
is brought up to the welding tempera-
ture, when a slight pressure on the lever
handle mounted on the machine forces
the molecules of molten metal together
and they are completely and perfectly
united. This is done in an incrediblv
sides of a piece of sheet steel and a light
piece are welded to a heavier piece.
Examples of Spot Welding.
Fig. 2 shows six pieces of sheet steel
of varying thicknesses welded together
at one time; also two pieces torn apart
near the weld. The metal has been abso-
ibly why the latter will not stand within
60 per cent, as much of a strain as the
former. The metal is punched out in
the riveted piece, thus weakening it at
that point, whereas the spot-welded piece
is fused together at the point where the
slight depression is seen, making there
a complete union of the particles of the
steel. A piece of galvanized iron is also
shown, and which has been hammered
until the metal was torn out in attempt-
ing to break the weld apart.
Fig. 4 shows a foot-operated spot
welder. When the foot lever is pressed
down the dies are brought together to
clamp the stock, and a slight pressure
with the heel on the outside pedal turns
on the current to complete the operation.
Where it is necessary to have the use of
both hands in placing the stock in the
machine this type of welder possesses
many advantages over the hand-operated
machine.
Fig. 5 illustrates a machine especially
lutely fused together, and cannot be pull-
ed apart.
Fig. 3 shows front and back view of a
spot-welded piece, as also a photographed
sectional view of a spot-welded and rivet-
ed piece of metal, which illustrates forc-
Plg. 3.
adapted -for stove and sheet metal work.
With the extended horn, almost any
part of a range can be welded without
difficulty.
How to Operate.
Place the stock between the two cop-
per die points.
Pull down on the lever handle to clamp
the stock in position.
When ready, touch the switch with
the thumb — let go — the job is finished
quicker than one can tell about it.
The electric current jumps through
the sheet iron and fuses or melts the
metal at a point or spot the size of a
rivet.
Fig. 6 shows the stove welder de-
scribed above, with the different parts
of the machine plainly marked. The
special transformer in the welder is used
lo reduce the 220 or 440 volts to the
208
CANADIAN MACHINERY
3 to 5 rolts used in makiugr the ^Yel(ls.
This diagram shows that no auxiliary
deviees of any kind are required and
clearly illustrates the siiuplicity of the
apparatus.
former re<|uired in the welder when less
than 60 cycles are used, an additional
price is chars:ed for welders operating on
25 to 40 cycles. The power factor varies
from 70 to 85 per cent., according to the
Fig. 4.
CoDTincing Test of Electric Welding.
Ten specimens of hoop steel were sub-
jected to a test at the Lunkenheimev
laboratory in Cincinnati, with the fol-
lowing result. All pieces were of the
same size— 1.12 in. by .0.35 in. Exam-
ining this test carefully it will be noted
that on
Test No. 1 — One spot weld broke at
1,625 lbs.
Test No. 7— One rivet broke at 990 lbs.
Test No. 9 — Two spot welds broke .ii
2,275 lbs.
Test No. 2 — Two rivets broke at 1.553
lbs.
Test No. 3 — 3 spot welds broke out-
side of the weld at 2,715 lbs.
Test No. 4 — 3 rivets tore apart at
2.055 lbs.
Current Reqnirements.
Single-phase alternating current must
be used in electric welding. Where two
or three-phase current is available, use
only one-phase of the niulti-phnse hvs-
tem. Any voltage from 110 to 500 can
be used, but 220 or 440 is iiri'tViTed, as
M is more nearly standard than any
other, and all stock machines for quick
delivery are arranged for 220 volts. Any
frequency from 25-cycle to 140-cycle can
be used, but owing to the larsrer trans-
work, and the way that it is handled.
Inside the welder and part of it, is a
special transformer to reduce this out-
.side current to the 3 to 5 volts vised in
niakinfr welds. This is so low that it
cannot he felt bv the Viare hand and ex-
plains why it is absolutely safe for the
operator, as he cannot by any possibil-
ity feel the current.
Cost of Current.
Based on current costing Ic per k.w.
hour, it will cost from le to S^^c per
thousand welds. If current costs 3c or
5c, multiply the price given below by the
rate charged by the lighting company,
to give the actual cost per thousand
welds.
Weldinir
Data.
1
„^
— c
= ■?
sw
^1
1^
d
o
1^
S2
a ja
.Q u
.a a
O'.;
S >•
o S»
a oQ
rife.
Ha
<1W
BD
S2
cts.
10
9-64
.140625
18
28
l.B
3%
12
7-64
. 100375
16
23
1.3
3
14
5-64
.078125
14
20
1
2%
16
1-16
.0625
12
18
.9
2%
18
1-20
.05
10
15
.8
2H
20
3-80
.0375
9
14
.7
2
22
1-32
.03125
8
13
.6
1%
24
1-40
.025
7
11
.5
1%
26
3-160
.01875
6
9
.4
1%
28
1-64
.015625
5
8
.3
1
No preparation of stock is required
unless it is very rusty or scaley ; in
which case it will be found economical
to clean oif the rust or scale, as more
current is used than on clean stock.
Based on using fairly clean stock, the
above table will give an idea as to the
time and current required in welding dif-
ferent gauges of sheet steel.
Welding Limitation.
There is a limit to the thickness of
sheet metal that it is practical to spot
weld. This is due to two causes, 1st,
the fact that the copper rods which con-
duct the electric current can only carry
a certain quantity of current without
e.xeessive heating. When sufficient cur-
rent is carried over these coi)per rods or
y\g
CANADIAN MACHINERY
200
die points to bring very heavy metal be-
tween them up to the welding tempera-
ture, the copper rods will become so hot
they will soften and the points wear
away so rapidly that it is not practical
to use them for this kind of work. 2nd,
It is necessary to have the two pieces
of metal touch each other at the point
where the weld is made. With very
heavy stock, a slight kink or buckling
of the metal will prevent the flat sur-
faces from making good contact. Stock
as heavy as 3-16-in. or %-in. can he
welded, but the best results are obtain-
ed when i^-in to %-in. or lighter are
welded.
Copper and brass cannot be spot weld-
ed for the reason that they are both
good conductors of electricity and offer
no resistance to the flow of the current.
It is impracticable to weld cast iron, as
there is no fibre to stock of this kind
and the metal will tear out at the welded
spots. Galvanized iron can be welded,
although it will burn off the zinc, leav-
ing the iron exposed at the point where
the copper dies come in contact with
the metal. Heat has no. effect on the
electric weld, and for this reason this
process is largely used by stove manu-
facturers in making sheet steel ranges
and similar work. It is not practical to
make more than one spot weld at a
lime, as it is almost impossible to make
a number of die points bear on the stock
with equal pressure, and the one die
point making the best contact will carry
all of the current, and the result will
be that with so much current concen-
trated at this point the metal is liable
to be burned. The machines used for
this work can be furnished either hand-
operated, foot-operated or power-driven.
A depth of throat can be furnished from
6 to 48 inches, and a variety of types
are made to suit almost any kind of
sheet metal work where rivets are used.
The "Toledo" Electric Welder Co.. of
Cincinnati, Ohio, are the manufacturers
of these machines and their catalogue
shows a number of different types adapt-
ed to this class of work.
Standardizing Equipments and Fits
By Harold Smith, Toronto
Thi8 Article is the Second of the Series; the First having Ap-
peared in our July Issue. The Writer is an Expert on Stand-
iirdization Work, and Consequentbj Speaks with Confidence,
Born of Experience. Machinery Manufacturers, on a Large or
Synall Scale, ivill find the different Subjects Treated, Both In-
teresting and Profitable.
T N a recent paper on
of large gas engin
the manufacture
that: — "To design without reference to
the machine tools available is an easy
matter, assuming the necessary tools to
be specially constructed for your pur-
of working, and produces a high-class en-
gine with the largest output and lowest
capital cost."
Shop Practice and Design.
This is true of all machine shop work,
and necessitates designers becoming more
< 23 4 567 8 9 10'
Electric Welding Test Specimens.
pose. Such a design although possible, and more intimate with all details of
and at the same time good, would mean their firm's shop practice and possibili-
more costly manufacture, because of in- ties, noi only in a general wn.\, as for
creased capital outlay for such tools,
unless a very large output could at once
be obtained to enable them to be fully
worked.
A really successful design is one that
employs a range of standard machine
tools in a particular workshop, for the
whole of their time at economical speeds
Fig. 6.
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List loo
210
CANADIAN MACHINERY
instance '-What the big lathe will
swing," but in ab-i)l"te detail, ns to
minor equipment, such as drills, taps,
milling cutters, leamers, boring bars
and cutters, arbors, etc.; such informa-
tion being kept in mind by means of
standard lists.
It is obvious that the shop and draft-
ing room must work hand in hand in
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Use IN C»NJ«NCTI«II WITH %-\B H*LCS. LiST 102 |
this matter, and to a certain extent pre-
determine what equipment it is advisable
to carry in tool stores, to handle tlieir
particular business in the most econo-
mical way, and so that the right minor
tools will always be ready for use. This
is of course a simple matter, whei'e only
special lines or styles of machinery are
manufactured, and where equipment is
specially designed for the purpose.
Where a general business is carried on.
the matter is more complex, but this is
now being .solved to a considerable ex-
tent by standardization of parts, ma-
chine operations and equipment, as also
by the embodiment of certain definite
principles in design.
Standard Holes.
It should be insisted that holes are
kept standard size and outside diameters
made large or small to suit the cla.ss of
fit. Tliere is no diflRculty in doing this
where l>oth hole and outside diameter
are to be machined, and in cases where
it would seem more economical to re-
verse this rule (as for instance where
cold rolled steel shafting is used), it
can be overcome by designing witii some
small amount of machining. Moreover,
most manufacturers of cold rolled steel
make their product a few thousands
small (^)Out .001 inch for each 1 inch
diameler) for push and running fits, and
any press tits required, can be obtained
by slightly reducing the diameter in the
lathe or grinder to the next nominal
dimension, e.g. from 1 15-16 inch to I'/g
inch plus the press fit).
Tlie importance of standard holes
cannot be too strongly emphasized, as it
enables the shop for quite a reasonable
outlay to have i-eamers, boring cutters
and boring bars standardized for differ-
ent sizes of hole and always ready for
use, no matter what shape of article is
to be tooled, so long as it is a boring job.
By keeping holes standard, reamers can
be used on almst all work, which means
that accurate boring can be produced at
a commercial cost which is not attain-
able with a bar and point tool. It may
be claimed that with adjustable reamers,
the diameter can be made large or small
to suit, but this adjustment is a contin-
ual expense, and the tool when required
by the lathe hand will never be ready
for use, causing him delay and eating iq)
any possible saving. The object of the
adjustable feature is to take up wear,
and not to cover a range of diameters.
Again, with standard holes, gauging
and testing can be accurately done by
plug limit gauges, to a degree impossible
witli the single standard plug gauge,
which, if a hole is to be made small, we
cannot tell just how small, as the gauge
will not enter. If standard, and latlie
hand allows it to just enter, we know it
must be a little oversize at the mouth,
and probably tapei-s further up. If
oversize, the gauge goes in, the amount
of excess is estimated by the feel, and
therefore not in any positive manner.
Tlie limit plug gauge, on the other
hand, tells at once that the hole is com-
mercially accurate within certain neces-
sary limits and without any personal
errors from judgment or touch. There
will be one definite gauge for each def-
inite hole. Standardization of holes
therefore means that for quite a reason-
able outlay, the shop is prepared to
handle either small or large lots of bor-
ing and chucking work in an accurate
and economical manner, and that even
turret lathe equipment which smacks of
specialty, is always ready for use and
possesses a degree of flexibility compar-
able with the simpler but less productive
engine lathe.
Machine Tool Standardization.
Standardization can be introduced into
the machine tools themselves. The
spindle noses of lathes can be re-thread-
ed to be same pitch for same diameter,
so tiiat chucks will fit any lathe. Where
this change is not possible, adapter
plates can be made. The taper holes in
milling machine spindles as produced by
different makers are not, always the
same standard; more particularly is this
true of older machines which were made
Morse, as against present Brown &
Sharpe. They should be re-reamed to
fit standard arbors. All this means a
smaller outlay in minor equipment, to
supply quite a number of tools which
may be employed on a variety of work
coming through in small quantities.
The variety of sections of tool steel
for lathe and planer tools can often be
reduced by modifying the tool posts
somevi-hat, so as to take predetermined
standards, thus reducing the stock of
idle tools and tool steel, which is no
small item when of high speed quality.
The common practice of stocking lathe,
planet and shaper tools of standard
types, all ground to correct angles is a
step in the same direction.
It should be appreciated that accur-
acy and a definite commercial cost are
the objects aimed at, and that there are
exceptions to all rules. Clearance holes
must not be confounded with fits. A
gland tor instance has a clearance hole,
and as commercial accuracy say for a
2 inch, nominal diameter is satisfactory
if within .0025 over and .0015 under ;
giving a margin of .004 inches. A coup-
ling forced on to the same shaft for a
press fit would have to be not more than
.001 inches over, and not less than .0005
inches under, giving a margin of only
.0015 inches. Commercial accuracy is a
varying quantity.
Wliere rougher work is allowable, it is
quite possible that it may be in some
cases cheaper to break away from these
standards, but as the modern tendency
in machinery design is to reduce clear-
ances and increase speeds, this demand
for accuracy (which competition de-
mands shall be produced at low costs) is
growing stronger every year, and the
manufacturer who is turning out but one
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RUNNING FIT ALLOWANCES. 1
Uitm e»i»juMCTieN WITH Sib Moles. LlST I03J|
CANADIAN MACHINERY
211
class of goods will be compelled to keep
his costs down by adopting some method
of standardization.
The foregoing is a mere outline of
methods successfully adopted. Each
shop has its own peculiar problems, and
is best in a position to solve them, and
though the details will differ in every
case, yet the principle judiciously ap-
plied, holds good for all.
Pit Allowances and Standard Hole
System.
The accompanying cuts show details
of average lit allowances, based on a
system of standard holes. It will be
noted that the impossibility of absolute
accuracy is appreciated throughout;
fimits between which it is commercially
possible to produce work accurate
enough for a particular class of machin-
ery, being specified. Thus, (list 100)
for a 3-inch fitted hole, the work is
considered a good job, if not more than
.00125 inch, larger than standard, or
more than .00075 smaller, giving a total
working uuugin of .0005 inches. The —
GO. end of the gauge is allowed to
enter, and the + NOT GO, not allowed.
As the — GO.. end thus necessarily gets
the wear produced from usage, it is
made the longer, and this difference of
length also serves as a ready means of
distinguishing the two ends, when gaug-
ing.
Lists 102 and 103 show allowances and
limits on external diameters for differ-
ent fits. When allowance is above the
line -^-, the finished diameter is larger
than standard, requiring force to drive
it home into a hole. When below the
line — , the finished diameter is less
than standard, making a push or running
fit. Here again, limits "high and low"
are specified, between which work is
commercially accurate for different
classes of machinery. Thus, a 4 inch
running fit for engine work, should be
between .0024 and .005 inch small, giv-
ing a working margin of .0025 inch. The
same fit for tool work should be
between .001 and .002 inch, giving a
working margin of only .001 inch.
Locomotive work again, would require
a different scale.
Recent Drilling Records
» T the recent joint conventions of
•*^ the Railway Master Mechanics and
Master Car Builders Associations held at
Atlantic City, June 14th-21st, 1911,
much interest was aroused by some
phenomenal results obtained in a demon-
stration test of twist drills. As the dur-
ability and efficiency of tools are such
important factors in economical produc-
tion, these results should be welcomed by
all interested in this subject.
Test Results.
Tlie Cleveland Twist Drill Co., of
Cleveland, had a Foote-Burt No. 251/2
high duty drill press in operation in con-
nection with tiieir exhibit, and the re-
sults obtained from tests of Cleveland
milled and flatwist drills taken from
stock, are tabulated below : —
performance will in all probability not
be repeated in many shops. These re-
sults were only made possible by care-
fully established ideal conditions, such
as: — absolute rigiditv in the machine,
uniform and sufficient driving power,
solid clamping of the work, perfect
gi-inding of the tool and most expert
handling. They are of value chiefly, as
demonstrating the power and rigidity of
-
Material
Size and Kind of
Feed
Inches
Peripheral
Cu.In.
Drill
R.P.M.
per
Drilled
Speed In Metal removea
Rev.
per Mln.
ft. per Mln.
per Mln
1V± Paragon
500
.050
25
163.6
30.68
1%
325
.100
32%
106
39.88
1V4
§5
475
.100
47%
155
58.29
' 'VA "
575
.100
♦57%
188
70.56
ivl "
300
.030
9
117
16.90
ivl "
325
.100
32%
127.6
67.43
lU "
Ho
3.35
.100
33%
131.5
59.19
1%
355
.100
35%
139.4
62.73
1% "
^^
2.35
.100
23%
107.6
56.52
1%
2 5-16 "
;:f3
350
.100
36
160
84.19
?o
190
.050
9% .
115
39.90
3
120
.100
12
94
84.82
IV "
^iA
350
.030
10%
113.7
12.88
1% "
225
.040
9
94.8
18.66
•.; 5-10 "
165
.020
3%
100
13.65
2 5-16 "
^H
200
.020
4
121
16.80
2Vi Milled
Kg
150
.015
2%
98
11.04
2% "
2M.
i% Paragon
A
150
.040
6
98
29.46
^ S
175
.040
7
115.5
24.36
o~
275
.030
8%
125
19.84
a "
5s«
150
.030
4%
117.8
31.81
SVi "
A'V
150
.0.30
4%
127
37.33
•This is the highest drilling speed on record.
Ofacial Record of the Tests.
The first tcjsts made were for the pur-
pose of demonstrating what is good shop
practice, i.e., the drills were put through
at speeds and feeds that would be econo-
mical under average shop conditions.
Then, to demonstrate the reserve effici-
ency and durability of the drills,
"stunts" which demanded extremely
high rates of speed and feed, were at-
tempted. The highest rate of speed in
drilling known to machine shop practice
was attained by a' stock V-/^ inch Para-
gon flat twist high speed drill in suc-
cessfully removing 70.55 cu. in. of cast
iron in one minute, repeatedly cutting
through a heavy billet at the record-
breaking rate of 571/2 inches per minute
or nearly an inch per second. This drill
ran at 575 r.p.m. with 1-10 (.100) in.
feed per revolution, successfully with-
standing the great strain of this extreme
speed, and feed. Before attaining this
maximum performance, which was ap-
proached gradually, numerous other
"Cleveland" Drills were put through at
the rates of 25, 321/2, 331/2, 35 and 471^2
inches per minute. In no case was the
limit of strength of the drills reached,
although the speed of 571/2 inches per
minute could not be exceeded, on ac-
count of the inadequate capacity of the
electric feed wires, which brought cur-
rent to the motor driving the drill press.
Drilling at such high speeds and
heavy feeds is not to be recommended
as economical shop practice, and this
the machine, and the exceptional reserve
strength of the drills.
Another noteworthy test was made
with a 21/2 inch, milled drill from stock.
It drilled 68 holes through a billet of
machinery steel 4l^ inch, thick, without
being reground, and was operated at 150
r.p.m., with a feed of .015 per revolution,
removing a total of 1418 cu. in. of ma-
terial. Although the drill was still in
good condition, the test was cut short at
this point by the convention coming to a
close, yet there was demonstrated what
can be done all day long in any shop
properly equipped, and indication given
of what results may be expected in
economical liisrli speed drilling.
DRILL
SIZE
Peripheral Speed
in Feet Per Minute
REVOLlTiON
18Q
MATERIAL
INCHnTPER
MINUTE^
^Ittal Removed
P^T Minute
fajrO^^^A
Cast Xfo
^ / z
^
Bulletin of drilling test.
212
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The Apprentice Question
OPEAKING at the eighth annual
con\ention of the Master House
Painters' and Decorators' Association of
Canada, held recently in Toronto, W.
E. Wall, Somervillc, Mass., said that
now-a-days the average master mechanic
is unwilling to reach his trade ; a con-
tingency largely due to his time being
fully occupied in other directions. The
tendency, therefore, is for the apprentice
to be left in the hands ot underlings,
whose knowledge at the best is some-
what superficial. The day is long since
past when master and men worked hand
in hand. Numbers of young men who de-
sire to learn a trade are thus unable,
and drift into the already overcrowded
unskilled labor market.
Comparatively few of those who pass
through the High School, go on to col-
lege, yet all receive a training which is
of a preparatory nature, and which does
not benefit them in the least. As a re-
sult, large nunabers of High School grad-
uates may be found to-day, holding down
jobs which could be filled equally well
by men who had received only an ele-
mentary training.
To show the difficulties which con-
front the would-be apprentice, Mr. Wall
cited an instance which had come to his
notice, of a lad who, wishing to learn
harness-making, had tried vainly for a
long time to become apprenticed, and
finally committed a slight crime so that
he could he sent to a reformatory where
the trade was taught.
Trade Schools the Remedy.
Having pointed out the difficulties
which beset a young man, the speaker
entered a most emphatic plea for the
trade school. He suggested that manual
training should begin in the primary
school, so that by the time the child
reached an impressionable age, he should
have had an opportunity to show adapt-
ability for some particular art or trade,
in which he might receive further in-
struction at the High School, and later
in a Special Trade School. It is a well-
known fact, said Mr. Wall, that America
which is one of the greatest mechanical
producers, cannot produce mechanics,
and that the majority of the foremen
in mechanical factories in the States are
men who have been trained in Kn;4l'.nd
or Germany.
. Benefits Assured.
In conclusion, Mr. Wall said that one
year in a Trade School would be of
more benefit to a lad than two under
the apprenticeship system, for there
would be nothing to detract the learn-
er's attention from his work, while the
instructor would be unhampered by the
commercial considerations which must
needs affect the master mechanic, and so
would be able to give his undivided at-
tention to the training of his students.
Spur G
ears
By G. D. Mills, Montreal.
IN the design and layout of spur gears,
it often becomes necessary to calcu-
late the strength of the teeth. As the
Lewis formulae takes account of so
many variable conditions, they may be
safely used for that purpose, and are
as follows:
Mr. Lewis gives three formulae for de-
termining the value of "y"; see Kent's
pocketbook, page 902. The values in the
table on the preceding page, are how-
ever, evidently obtained from a plotted
curve.
Lewis' and Flanders' Formulae.
In the proceedings of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers Vol.
30, 1908, a very able review ot the sub-
ject is given by Mr. Flanders, in which
he compares the values obtained origin-
ally by Mr. Lewis, with his own in a
plotted diagram. The increase he ob-
L£I\A//S rOHMUL-A.
W-sp /. y
W~safe load in lbs
s —safe norXing stress of material in lbs
"see table of stresses"
«= circular pitch
'face lenqth of feetli
• constant from table of constants if
P
f
: _iJi3 — ZZS. for EO' obliquity Involute
,133—^132. , 14-1 . . dcycloidal
n - nomber of teeth.
,, SA/.v s.p fi.v
H°'"fX"^''-33,ooo ~ j3,oio
V — velocity in feet per minute
' /3 r .
D —pitch diameter in inches
rftm— revolutions per minute
tains being accounted for, by reason of
the fact, that he has lengthened the rack
tooth a distance equivalent to the clear-
ance, and strengthened the corners by
a fillet, whose radius is equal to 2-3 ot
the clearance. This may be considered
an improvement, in keeping with the
demand for a strengthened tooth. Mr.
Flanders' values are obtained from the
s.f.y.
orijpnal fomiula W=^ , in whieli
P
"P" in the diametral pitch, "y" equal
to 3.1416X"y" in the Lewis formula,
and "f." "s," the same as the Lewis
values. The tooth part.s also correspond
to those given iu this article.
In order to embody here the results
obtained by Mr. Flanders, which, by the
way, are endorsed by Mr. Lewis as an
improvement, I have divided Mr. Fland-
ers' values by 3.1416, to make them cor-
respond to the Lewis formula, and have
obtained the two equations by which
"y" is determined for 20 degrees and
141/2 degrees obliquity. The table of
constants "y, " and also the equations,
therefore, differ slightly from those or-
iginally published. Respecting the safe
working speed stress, the values in the
table are evidently obtained from plotted
fP
l_EZ Wl^
39
number
of teeth
20°
Involute
/4g Involuf-e
(3. Cycloic/al
12
.084
.07T
1:3
.089
.092
iA.
.0 93
.086
15
.097
.090
16
.101
.093
IT
.104-
.096
18
.106
.098
19
.108
.101
20
.110
.102
21
,112
.10 A
23
.lie
.lOT
25
.118
.110
27
.121
.1 1 2
30
.123
.113
34
.126
.1 IT
38
.129
.120
1 43
,13 1
.122
! SO
.134
.1^4
60
1
.136
.127
T3
.139
.130
100
.14-1
.\32
ISO
.14-4-
. f34
300
.IA6
.i3e
RacK
.14.9
.139
CANADIAN MACHINERY
2!.S
curves, dt'iived
S=
from
600
the formiilii
COO-|-veloeit.y in feet per minute.
It will be noticed that the quantities .139
and .149, are the rack values for "y" in
the table, and the value of "y" for any
number of teeth not tabulated may be
readily determined.
Spur Wheel Design
Spur gears form the greater part of
all machine gear. drives, and are usually
arranged in pairs, and in gi'oups, to
::le:w
wheels of east-iron, we have one of the
components of this load, the value of
"s" for a velocity of 100 feet per min-
ute or less. As W=s.p.f.y.=8000XpX
fX.v. the value of p, f, and y. can be de-
termined from a selected diametral pitcii.
In tlie table of tootli parts will be
found a column of circular pitclies for
each diametral pitch, and also a column
of face lengths, the latter being calcu-
lated in even lengths of about 2i/^ times
the circular pitch. .Selecting in this case,
5 diametral pitch, "p"=:.6283 and f=
Safe: Working Stress for
DIFFFRENT SPEEDS.
Speed of Teeth
in feet or nuriute
too
or less
'^OO
^oo
eoo
900
1200
leoo
eAoo
Cost Iron
Steel
e.ooo
30.000
epoo
inooo
■l-fiOO
IS.OOO
'=1.000
10.000
3,000
y.soo
£;400
0,000
:=,ooo
s.ooo
i;/oo
4,300
transmit tlie required sjjceds and liorso-
[lower. The calculations which are nec-
essarily a part of tlie design of a box or
group of gears are usually extended, and
often include the diameter of cone steps,
lontrolling mechanism, etc. While it is
not the intention to introduce in this
article tlie principles of group design,
we shall, however, consider the design
of a pair of wheels, which are required
to transmit 3 liorse power, and have a
speed ratio of 3 to 1. The driving shaft
makes 40 revolutions per minute, the
gear or lai'ger wheel is to be the driver,
and the distance between centres is, say,
C inches. By referring to the Lewis
W.V
formula, we find the horsepowei^=:
33,000
W. (DX-2618Xr.p.m.
= , therefore 3=
33,000
W(DX.2618Xr.p.m.
. Determining the
33,000
velocity, we have the revolutions per
minute, the pitcli diameter, which can be
calculated from the distance between
centres, and the speed ratio.
C
Pitch diameter of Geai-=— Xi-X2=
- R+r
6
X3X2=9 inches, therefore, 3=
1+3
W.(9X.2618X40.) WX94.248
= , from
33,000 33,000
which equation we may write the propor-
tion, 3:W: : 94.248 : '33,000. The value
of three terms being known, the remain-
3X33,000.
ing term "W'= =10.50 lbs.;
94.248
in other words, the load which the
wheels will labor under, to transmit 3
horse power. If we decide to make the
1 9-l() iiiflies. Tlie number of teeth by
which to determine the value of "y,"
can be found from table of tooth formu-
lae. N=DXP=9X5=4.5 teeth, and the
value of "y," .123, obtained from table
of constants "y. " We, therefore, have
W=8000.X.6283X1 9-16X123=966 lbs.
If .") diameiral pitch is selected, the
genr will have insutticient strength to
develop 3 liorse power on a load of lOoO
lbs., but the necessary load can be ob-
tained by increasing the face length of
T diametral pitch, or by selecting the
next diametral pitch, which is 4. The
number of teeth of 4 diametral is 4X9=
.■!6. and the value of "y" from the
table becomes .118,.therefo"re W=8000X
.78.54X2.X- 118=1482 lbs., which is well
over the re(iuired load, and the teeth,
therefore, amply strong.
s- ^
We shall select 4 diametral pitch then,
and determine the size and strength of
the pinion. The number of teeth
in pinion, obtained from the speed ra-
36
tio of 3 to 1 is —=12, and the value of
3
"y" from table is .077. For a cast-iron
pinion the load W=8000X-7854X2X
.077=967 lbs. As the strength of a pair
of wheels is measured by the strength of
the weaker of the two, it is evident that
if the pinion is made of cast-iron, the
pair will not have sufficient strength to
carry the load. Also, as the pinion is
subjected to three times the wear im-
posed on the gear, it is advisable to make
the pinion of .steel. The value of "s"
for steel at a velocity of 100 feet per
minute or less is 20,000, and our load
W=20.000X.78.54X2X.077 = 2419 lbs.,
which is , amply sufficient. The tootii
parts may be obtained from 4 diametral
pitch, in table of tooth parts, and noted
on the drawing of the wheels. Fig. 2.
For six months the editorial depart-
ment of MacLean's Magazine has been
collecting little short stories from Can-
adian writers, until now there is a large
enough stock to allow the magazine to
give in the August number several of
these "Little Tales for Summer '»Vca-
ther" all at once. There is "The Green
Hour," by Deshler Welsh, a regular ccn-
tributor for the better .American Ma-
gazines. Then '"Sally's Soul" , 'The
Lonesomeness" ; "Music Hath Charms";
and others, offer short, crisp reading tor
these hot months. Of course, in addi-
tion to these articles there are the le-
gular longer short stories. There is an-
other of O. Henry's inimitable tales of
New York Life, and other material fiom
some of the best Canadian, English and
^American writers.
P -* Involute
N, 36
a; .■£>.
p .rss4-
t seer
5 .ss
c 0.3&3
f .SZ33
Conference on the Education and Training of Engineers
By G.T.R.
The Object of This Conference Was to Consider the Methods of Preparation to he Adopt-
ed bu Those Who Contemplate Entering the Engineenng Profession. While the im-
mediate Purpose Was That of Compliance With the Conditions Laid Down m the By-laws
for Election to the Institution of Civil Engineers (British) the Scope of the Field In-
iZvVl Makes the Work Done at This Conference of the Greatest Interest and Moment
to All Engaged in Mechanical Pursuits.
A CONFERENCE on the "Education
and Training of Engineers," was
held at the Institution of Civil
Engineers, London, Eng., on .lune
28 and 29, Mr. Alexander Sie-
mens president of the Institu-
tion, presiding. The work of the con-
ference was divided into three sections,
as follows: First— General Education.
Second— Scientific Training. Third-
Practical Training. Each section had
individual chairmen, in the persons of
Anthony G. Lyster, Professor W. C.
Unwin, and R. Elliott-Cooper, respec-
tively. The sectional arrangement was
based on the Institution by-laws, which
require that a candidate for member-
ship should possess. First— A sound
general education developed on lines
suited to subsequent scientific study ;
Second — \ competent knowledge oi
those branches of science which formed
the basis of engineering ; Third— Prac-
tical training under actual engineering
conditions.
President's Opening Address.
The president, Mr. Alexander Siemens,
in bis opening address said that the
problem submitted to the conference
might be expressed by saying, that a
young engineer should be educated so as
to become a dividend-earner for his em-
ployer, for this was the most reliable
indication of his merit, and the corres-
ponding reward would not be wanting.
For the same reason, he should possess
some knowledge of business methods and
of law, not with a view of becoming his
own lawyer, but in order to be able to
judge when legal advice was needed. Be-
sides all these requirements he would
find one or more modern languages very
useful for obtaining remunerative em-
ployment, as the value of his services
was thereby increased in the estimation
of his employer. The omission of this
"business" aspect of education should
not be taken as a sign of its unimport-
ance, but owing to the short time at its
disposal, the council considered it desir-
able to indicate the lines to be followed,
by asking a number of prominent men
to open the discussion on definite sub-
jects in the three sections of the confer-
ence, all of which had a direct bearing
•Klmt iif fl wriex of nrtlcleM.
on the question of so instructing young
men as to fit them to take part in the
design, as well as in the control and
direction of engineering works.
It was not proposed that definite reso-
lutions should be arrived at by the con-
ference, but that it should be simply a
msans of forming and maturing the
views of those interested in the subjects
brought forward for discussion.
Sir William White.
Sir William White, late chief construc-
tor at the British Admiralty, said they
were apt to forget that the average stu-
dent was the man they should pro-
vide for, and that the exceptional man,
whether he became, like the first Lord
Armstrong, an engineer by necessity, or
found his way up from the humblest po-
sition to the highest ranks by sheer
ability, would always take care of him-
self.
He stood amongst those who thought
that the danger of excessive devotion to
the scientific side was very considerable
in these days, and that the Institution
was doing well in recalling attention to
the absolute necessity for a thorough
practical training. For a long period
British engineering was not based on
scientific methods to the extent it ought
to have been. Then when the scientific
training began, there was the danger of
undue exaltation of such knowledge. He
took it that in that conference, an en-
deavor was to be made to reach the
golden mean.
Sir John Wolfe Barry.
Sir John Wolfe Barry said he entirely
agreed that the best practical training
should be given the engineers, and hav-
ing been president when the examination
system was set on foot, he thought per-
haps he ought to say that the par-
ticular work which had to be taken in
hand at that time, was the scientific
preparation of engineers for their profes-
sion, and which up till then, had been
neglected so far as the conditions of be-
longing to the Institution were concern-
ed.
The necessity for a grounding in the
.scientific lines of the profession was felt
to be important, and he thought they
had done rightly in giving a prominent
place to it when the system of examina-
tions was started, although he believed
the council always foresaw that to be
only part of the business. At that par-
ticular time it was the essential part,
and no one could doubt that the status
of engineers in the scientific world and
the world at large had been very consid-
erably raised by the step which was
then taken. The practical part of the
training of an engineer had, of course,
always been to a certain extent provid-
ed for by the by-laws of the Institution,
and what was being done now was
rather to give form and substance to
the general regulations concerning prac-
tical training. To that extent he was
entirely in accord with the general views
which had been put forward by Sir Wil-
liam White.
There was another point on which he
had felt strongly for some years, which
was, that the general education of an
accomplished gentleman should not be
lost sight of in the curriculum of the
engineer. What they all wanted, was to
turn out an engineer as a cultured gen-
tleman, with scientific knowledge of his
profession, and with that practical
training, without which he could put
neither the one nor the other into use
in the career which might lie before
him.
Sections I and II — General Education
and Scientific Training.
The sections devoted to general educa-
tion and scientific training met jointly
under the chairmanship of Mr. A. G.
Lyster, who in the course of his opening
remarks emphasized the importance of
the conference. The general education of
young men desiring to become engineers
required the closest attention of those
who, on the one hand, realized what the
necessities of the' profession demanded,
and chose on the other hand who con-
trolled the selection and organization
of education; and so it seemed very fit-
ting that, in contradistinction to the
too prevalent practice of "muddling
through'," the heads of the universities
and public schools should meet the mem-
bers of the profession, and discuss with
them the best preliminary training for
those who were hereafter to uphold its
traditions. Education to be of real
value should not only furnish informa-
tion and knowledge, but should also
train and expand the intelligence and de-
velop that type of character which fitted
CANADIAN MACHINERY
215
a man to lead the best and most useful
life; and all subjects and methods which
could produce this result should be in-
cluded in the curriculum of universities
and schools.
It should be remembered, however, that
a great many of these institutions were
founded and organized in days when the
conditions of life were very different
from what they were to-day, and cer-
tainly much less strenuous, and when
competition, both individual and interna-
tional, was much less keen. The choice
of professions, too, in those days was
much more limited, and so the curricu-
lum I established was one which lent it-
self much more to the develop-
ment of scholarly culture than to
the practical requirements of those
who to-day had to fight the keen
battle of life. With an ever-
increasing intensity of struggle, and
with the development of science ever
enlarging its boundaries, and multiply-
ing its complexities, the demand for
special training for the engineer became
increasingly urgent, and unless he was
to be debarred from the universities or
public schools, it behooved the authori-
ties to bring their educational stand-
ards into line with modern requirements.
Engineering Degrees — Note I.
The section devoted to scientific train-
ing began its separate work with a dis-
cussion of the value of a university de-
gree in engineering science, in relation
to professional competence.
In the first note. Professor S. M.
Dixon said there was no doubt that the
work carried out for the degree must
deal mainly with principles, and should
be as broad as possible. Details of cur-
rent practice would be noticed only as
illustrations of principles. In dealing
with materials, the engineer needed a
knowledge of mathematics, physics and
chemistry, and if he was to avoid mis-
takes, his knowledge must be very exact
and at his finger ends. The courses in
mathematics, physics and chemistry
naturally led to those in surveying,
stresses in structures, and properties of
materials. All these were technical sub-
jects, but they could be far better and
more easily taught in the class-room,
field, laboratory, and drawing office of a
university than in the engineer's office.
A liberal education also was essential.
Literature, history, philosophy, and all
subjects which tended to broaden a
man's outlook, should be studied, this
being even more necessary in the case
of engineering students than in the case
of those who intended to follow other
professions.
The general culture which came from
college life as well as from college study
was an asset in the engineering profes-
sion, not to be despised and not easily
obtained. The man who led his fellow-
students in the class-room, in sports, or
in the debating society, was equipped
in a very real way tor success in his
profession. The final examination was
but a very small part of the require-
ments for a degree. Three or four years
of solid work under personal teaching,
sifted out a large proportion of those
entering on the courses, while at the
same time few students who possessed
industry and average ability should fail
to satisfy the present requirements in
the specified time.
At present the university method was
recognized as the only generally applic-
able method in every country but our
own. The objections to the system in
this country were stated by two classes
of engineers; those who had in their
early days entered university courses
and then dropped them before grasping
the meaning of the instruction offered,
and those who had risen to eminence in
their profession before university train-
ing in this country became general. The
former were answered by the fable of
Aesop, in the fox who tried to make
the best of a serious accident; the latter
were reminded that competition in the
profession was becoming keener every
day. English engineers now found in
every . country friendly rivals who had
spent a large part of their time at en-
gineering colleges, and it would be un-
just to the rising generation if they
were not able to start with advantages
equal to those of their competitors.
While in other professions a university
degree was regarded as the first reiqui-
site, and so led directly to employment,
there was still a feeling in some quart-
ers that the university graduate was
rather in the way in an engineer's office.
Matters, however, were improving.
Once engineering firms recognized the
advantage of having assistants thor-
oughly trained in the principles underly-
ing practice, whose training also speci-
ally fitted them for adopting new ideas
rapidly, they would be only too glad to
co-operate with the universities in com-
pleting the education of the engineer.
Engineering Degrees— Note II.
In a second note on the same subject.
Professor C. F. Jenkin said that in ord-
er to estimate the value of a degree in
engineering science, it was necessary to
understand clearly what the possession
of the degree meant. It meant that the
graduate had spent some years in pass-
ing through a carefully arranged course
of study in those fundamental subjects
which should form the basis of engineer-
ing education, and also that he had at-
tained a certain standard of proficiency in
them, as far as that could be tested by
examinations. A degree was a very
much better prool of the possession of
a good theoretical training than any
examination could be. That an examina-
tion was in general a poor expedient for
ascertaining a student's proficiency was
becoming more widely recognized every
day; it was, however, less unsatisfactory
when held on the completion of a de-
finite course of study, than when it was
used as a test for general scientific
knowledge. Further, the degree course
contained much that could not be includ-
ed in the examination at all. For ex-
ample, much of the student's time was
spent in the laboratory, learning how to
measure accurately all sorts of physical
quantities, and to carry out tests on all
sorts of machines. Again, there was the
teaching in the drawing office, where the
student learnt to use his theory in the
preparation of actual designs, and the
the field course of surveying, during
which he learnt to handle his instru-
ments skilfully and accurately. These
were all implied in the degree, but it
was almost impossible to take any ac-
count of them in an examination. Again,
to spend some years at a university
was an education in itself, and would be
a permanent asset in the boy's life,
while if the engineering profession was
to be brought under State control, as
medicine was, and also the law— in a
modified sense— it would appear to be
wise, to make the basis of qualification
as broad as possible, by recognizing the
engineering degrees of the universities as
a necessary qualification, rather than a
certificate by a single institution, even
although that institution were their
own.
Section III.— Practical Training.
The chairman, Mr. Elliott-Cooper, in
his opening remarks, suggested the
necessity of agreement as to what was
meant by "practical training," and said
that the first point he wished to make
clear, was that real and useful practical
training, whether in design, construction
or management of works, could' be ob-
tained only under the actual or commer-
cial conditions which necessarily "could
not be found in educational establish-
ments. The routine (under proper super-
vision) of the drawing office and works,
whether in the civil or mechanical
branch, was just as important now as
it was considered in former days, the
only difference being, that the young en-
gineer of to-day was better equipped, by
reason of the advance in scientific educa-
tion, to take advantage of the practical
training afforded him. To deal for a
moment with "civil" engineering (as
distinct from mechanical engineering),
it was obvious that any efficient train-
ing must embrace experience in various
216
CANADIAN MACHINLKY
kinds o( work, such as designing, draw-
ing, specifying and estimating, all of
which would be part of the ordinary
routine of an engineer's office. He must
also be trained in construction work,
embracing, setting-out, measuring up,
and general administration. Many young
engineers made the great mistake of
thinking that all that was necessary on
completion of their college career to
. make them efficient assistant engineers,
was either to go into a workshop and
spend, say two rears on the ordinary
work of a mechanic, or (it "civil" en-
gineering was to be the carei?r) to go to a
contractor upon some works of construc-
tion. The knowledge so gained was
most useful, but without the office train-
ing they were only half equipped for the
work of their profession.
Apprenticeship and Pupilage.
There was doubtless a belief in some
quarters that the system of training by
definite apprenticeship and pupilage,
which was certainly affected and modi-
fled some years ago, by reason of the
movement in favor of better
scientific education, had fallen largely
into disuse, and statements were some-
times made that it had been actually
abandoned by the majority of engineers.
Such an idea could arise only from an
imperfect or very partial acquaintance
with the engineering profession. An in-
quiry made on behalf of the council
some months ago, in order to ascertain
the position of pupilage, or other equi-
valent practical training, in manufactur-
ing work shops and in the engineering
departments of important railways,
docks, and other large undertakings and
authorities, showed that in 75 per cent
of the cases considered there were regu-
lar arrangements for pupilage, and in
only 25 per cent, was no provision
made for such regular practical training.
Of the 25 per cent, more than half the
cases occurred in the engineering de-
partments of municipal authorities,
which certainly might be expected to
make better provision for the acquisi-
tion of practical training of a kind
suited to prepare young men to become
competent municipal engineers. The in-
quiry was not addressed to engineers in
private practice, but it was a matter of
common knowledge that the system of
pupilage remained extensively recognized
amongst consulting engineers, although
the requisite term of such training had
been shortened, in view of the better
educational qualifications now generally
possessed by young engineers.
Works Training and Scientific Study.
A note on the "Apportionment of
Training between Practical Work and
Scientific Study, with some suggestions
Applying to Apprentices in or on Works
far distant from their Homes," was
contributed by Mr. A F Yarrow and
members of his staff.
Dealing with the social aspect of the
"sandwich system," which had perhaps
been overlooked, they said they had fre-
quently been impressed by the need of
engineering students being accommodat-
ed with courses of study which would
enable them to get their practical train-
ing without the necessity of being ban-
ished from home influences for a continu-
ous period of several years at a most
critical time in. their lives. It the prac-
tical and theoretical training could be
so arranged that during the six summer
months they worked in the shops while
living in lodgings, and during the six
winter months they took up theoretical
study in the colleges, living at home and
subject to good influences and affection-
ate surroundings, this home influence
would be a source of great security, es-
pecially it the six months they worked
in the shops were during the summer,
when their spare time could be spent in
outdoor pursuits. Unless courses of
study could be arranged to alternate
w-ith periods of practical work, so that
the young man avoided being banished
from his hom?, he would clearly he
placed at a disadvantage compared with
those young men whose homes were in
the manufacturing districts, such as
Glasgow, Newcastle, or Birmingham.
For these reasons the colleges, especial-
ly those in London, should endeavor to
arrange their cou.'-.ses of M.ndy so as to
conform to the social conditions indicat-
ed as desirable, and should arrange their
engineering courses of study during the
winter months.
Apprentice Adviser.
In the second place, attention was
drawn to the desirability that ^n works
some member of the staff should he
looked upon as an adviser to the ap-
prentices. It was clearly undesirable
tor an apprentice to bo simply under the
eye of the foreman, and those who had
worked in the shops would know that it
was almost impossible for him to ob-
tain an interview with the heads, of the
firm. It would, therefore, be a very de-
sirable thing, if in works, some gentle-
man could make it part of his business,
as it were to befriend the apprentices.
He should be accessible at all times, and
should make a point of interviewing each
lad at least once in three months. He
should also from time to time ascertain
what progress was being made by those
lads who attended evening classes, bv
periodical visits to the local technical
schools. A record should be kept in a
book, so that the heads of the firm
could see at a glance the opinion formed
of the various apprentices. It was a
notorious fact that employers had often
lost the services of capable men through
being ignorant of the talent that had
passed through their works.
Requirements of Works Training.
The title of a note by W. H. Allen
was "The Requirements of Practical
Training in Works, with the Necessary
Complement of Scientific Study."
He said it was often asked, in the case
of a student determining to go both to
college and to works, w^hich he should
enter first. He would say, that the
man who set himself the task of obtain-
ing his degree before entering the works,
stood a much better chance of securing
a higher and more responsible position
in life than the one who was trained in
the reverse order. The former not only
took a greater and more complete inter-
est in the works and workshop lite, but
made the most of his time, and grasped
ideas and their principles much more
readily than the man who came to the
works with merely a public-school train-
ing.
Study During Practical Training.
Another question frequently asked was,
"How much study should a pupil under-
take during the period of his practical
training ?" If a young man conscien-
tiously did his duty from 6 o'clock in
the morning until 6 in the evening, he
would find that as much as his health
could stand, without burdening it by fur-
ther serious study at night. At the
same time unless some attention was
paid to the work which has been done at
college, this part of his studies was apt
to lose its freshness and interest for
him, his attention being concentrated
purely on his daily task to the exclusion
of everything else. The author's custom
had 'been to give lectures weekly, explain-
atory of the actual work being carried
on in the shops, thus greatly increasing
interest in and adding to the knowledge
of the work being done.
Workshop Training Requirements.
As regards the requirements of
workshop training, there seemed little
doubt that a period of three years— the
actual time depending on the previous
education of the subject— including a
year in the drawing office, should be
spent in the works in a not too special-
ized manner ; that was to say, it should
cover work in some or all the branches
of mechanical and electrical practice,
which might be found in some of our
better establishments. It would always
be difficult, if not impossible, to lay
down a plan tor either scientific study
or works apprenticeship which would
suit all, and each individual case would
require consideration on its merits. At
any rate, whatever plan was adopted,
would have to be very elastic as regards
the arrangement of details. The ten-
dency at present was to attach rather
too much importance to the direct value
of scientific study, as being the means
of providing the student with certain
mental tools for use in after-life, and
too little to the development of the
mental faculties generally, and the cul-
tivation of a true scientific insight.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
DEFECTS IN GAS ENGINE CAST-
INGS.*
IT is said tliac the same metliod of
molding prevails now that did when
Solomon built the temple. This may be
so, but I am very sure that King Solo-
mon never made any water-jacketed gas
engine cylinder castings. This is one
way of saying that there has not been
the same advance in foundry practice,
as there has been in the demand made
on the foundry. This may be true with
respect to the majority of foundries,
but a few whieli have specialized on
complicated gas engine castings are get-
ting very satisfactory results. For the
past dozen years there has been a
growing tendency to shift more and more
of the responsibility upon the foundry,
and those of us who have given special
attention to this class of work have
been kept very busy, devising ways and
means to meet these requirements.
Pattern Rec[uirements.
Gas engine castings must not only be
true to pattern, but the iron must be
homogeneous, and entirely free from in-
terior as well as e.xterior defects. To ob-
tain these results three things are neces-
sary, rirst, a pattern properly design-
ed to take care of the sti-ain and shrink-
age. Second, a proper mixture of iron,
and third, workmanship. The foundry
seldom has a chance to take care of the
first item. The tendency is to let the
)>attern maker construct the patterns as
he sees fit, and then to put it up to the
foundry to produce the castings. Where
it is possible, however, the pattern shop
and the foundry should work hand in
hand, with a view to not only getting
good, true, sound castings, but with a
view also to producing them at tlie least
cost.
By a pattern properly designed, I
mean more than the mere construction
of a well built, nicely finislied pattern.
You must not only have the pattern
built as well as it can be built, but care-
ful study must be given the method of
construction. Oftentimes patterns can
be parted in various ways and at vari-
ous places. Great care should be taken
that the parting of a pattern is given
proper consideration, because pattern
makers use the easiest method for them
lather than consider the best for mak-
ing castings.
In intricate work where cores of ir-
regular outline are necessary, driers.
'Rend before the National Gas and Gasoline
Knpino Trades Assoelntlon, Detroit, June 20,
1911.
By J. S. Van Cleve
truly speaking, are a part of the pat-
tern as well as gauge boxes in which to
gauge the 'cores, therefore the gauge for
setting the cores, should be furnished the
foundry, along; with the pattern. Where
such parts are necessary in order to pro-
duce accurate castings, and are not fur-
nished by the customer, the foundry
either has to construct them for the cus-
tomer or at its own expenise, and where
the customer refuses to furnish these
essential parts, such as drier patterns
and gauges, the foundry is often tempt-
ed to handle the work by means of bed-
ding the core, with invariably poor re-
sults.
Metal Mixture.
The second point, tliat of mixture, is
a great deal like a patent medicine re-
ceipt. No foundry which has made a
OUR ADDRESS.
Many visitors to Toronto in-
tending to call upon Canadian
Machinery, take the most con-
venient method of getting our
exact address — the telephone
directory. Through an over-
sight on the part of the Tele-
phone Company, the latest
directory gives the wrong num-
ber—Ill University Street. The
street was recently renumbered,
and the entrance to our office is
now 143 University Avenue,
just the centre of the next
block north of the number given
in the telephone directory.
success of gas engine castings likes to
tell another foundry how it is done. Our
own experience has been that it was just
as dangerous to make our iron too rich
as too poor. A great deal depends upon
the coke. Having once found a coke that
vrtll do tlie trick, stick to it, but never
take a chance. Have every car analyzed,
and refuse every car that does not come
up to the mark. Buy your coke analyz-
ed and then see that you get what you
buy.
In addition to this, there is no doubt
that some good results can be got with
various kinds of dope, such as thermit
and manganese, and there are certainly
limes wlien nothing else sems to meet
the ease. A few years ago this subject
of mixture was one of minor importance
in the foundry, as engine manufacturers
seemed content with a grade of iron that
would hold together, and with an en-
gine that would run and sell. To-day,
however, the successful engine builder
is constantly striving to improve his en-
gine and prolong its life, and great
thought is given the mixture in the vari-
ous eastings. This is especially true of
cylinders, head.s, valves and pistons. The
customer of to-day has also become en-
lightened on engine construction and is
not altogether satisfied with a good look-
ing, good running engine, but wants an
engine that is made up of the best pos-
sible materials. In view of these facts,
conditions in the foundry have changed
so that the problem of making satis-
factory mixtures is no longer the simple
one that it wa.s, but is now a subject of
vital importance, and the foundry to-day
that is not looking after this part of
the work, with a view to bettering the
conditions at aU times, is losing ground
in the engine field. To produce a clean
casting with a strong fracture, a close
grain free from internal shrinkage, and
yet an iron that will machine freely, is
what the foundry has to do, in order
successfully to turn out good engine cy-
linder castings and like parts.
Foundry Problems.
In view of the various designs of
engine cylinders, the foundry is often
put up against many very difficult and
expensive problems to solve which I feel
safe in saying, none of you engine manu-
facturers fully appreciate, except per-
haps those of you who have a foundrj'
of your own. When you get a close
gi-ain iron, the foundry meeets with the
troubles .which are due to shrinkage,
caused by uneven metal lines. For ex-
ample, take a spark plug bo.ss. This boss
is surrounded by light jacket walls, and
is generally marked by a boss on the
outer side of the jacket. From this
mark on the casting a solid plug of metal
varying in size according to the size of
cylinders, extends to and connects with
the barrel wall.
Now this uneven distribution of metal
which we realize is necessary causes the
foundry no end of trouble. It is not
only in this particular case that such
troubles exist, but all such places on
cylinder castings are apt to cause simi-
lar troubles if close grain iron is used.
Hence, the necessity of extra care to
bring about uniform cooling, which in
the case of engine cylinder mixtures
must be done by means of chills. A
knowledge of the successful use of chills
is a part of the work that is only gain-
218
CANADIAN MACHINERY
ed by experience, and in many cases is
of as much importance as, if not more
so, than the mixture itself.
To prove this, you can take a pattern
from a foundr>- which has been running
on it successfully and put it in another
foundry which is using the same analy-
sis, and yet get very unsatisfactory re-
sults, if the second plant has not a full
knowledge of the use of chills. In con-
sidering this statement, please bear in
mind that the iron has to contain the
same distribution of carbons. The mere
comparison of silicon, sulphur, phosphor-
us and manganese is not what I base
my statement on. Carbon is the life of
the iron and should be given constant
attention, for you can often take two
mixtures that will run alike or so nearly
alike in silicon, sulphur, phosphorus
and manganese, that the slight differ-
ence would have no effect one way or
the other, and yet find a vast difference
in carbon contents, which will produce
entirely different results in the casting.
Therefore the study of design, and a
knowledge of changes which take place
in the irons while cooling, and the effect
that this change has upon the casting,
and a knowledge of 'how to overcome
these effects, are essential to the produc-
tion of what I have called a proper mix-
ture.
Foundry Rigging.
When you get to the third require-
ment, that of workmanship, you are into
a very broad subject which could be al-
most indefinitely subdivided. The sub-
ject of minor foundry rigging is one of
tremendous importance. Under this
heading I have already mentioned
gauges, core driers and patterns for
chills. Skim gates and special flasks are
scarcely less important. After foundry
rigging, only second in importance, is
the matter of proper gating.
It is a constant source of surprise
to me, to see what a difference there is
in the quality of castings when the
molds are properly gated and when they
are not, and how a very slight diver-
gence or deflection may produce very
far-reaching results. Break up an auto-
mobile cylinder casting, for example,
and see what a difference there is in the
eonatitntion of the iron in that part of
the walls where the mixture is allowed
to paaa continuously, and in those parts
where it necessarily stagnates.
Workmanship.
Finally we come to the question of
mannal skill in the construction of the
molds and cores and in the setting of
the cores and wcuring of the molds.
Gas engine castings, as they are made
to-day, will not admit of the slightest
degree of carelessness or indifference,
and except in eases where the molders
and core makers are making the same
thing over and over again, it seems next
to impossible to impress ujx)n them the
importance of absolute precision. The
foremen and superintendents should be
untiring in their efforts to impress this
upon their men in the case of every new
pattern, and should stay with the men
until every possible precaution has been
taken. Molders do not realize how much
depends upon the form and style of
chaplets used in different cases, nor do
they exercise enough intelligence in the
matter of venting. They must be shown
these things in, detail in each case, and
then held strictly responsible for their
work.
Losses by Manufacturers.
Gas engine manufacturers have suffer-
ed enormous losses in their castings
fixjm three causes principally. First,
makers" and then "rush the foundry"
is a ruinous one.
There are many foundries thoroughly
competent to produce the highest grade
of gas engine castings, and these should
be given a fair margin of profit and
plenty of time to get out the work.
CORE BENCH JOLT-RAMMER.
A core bench jolt-ramming machine,
built by the Mumford Molding Machine
Co., Plainfield, N.J., is shown in the
accompanying illustration. It may be
placed on a concrete pier, iron post or
wood foundation, and is especially
adapted for ramming irregular cores.
The machine is actuated by a knee valve
under' the bench, thereby permitting the
operator to use both hands to manipu-
late the material ann the core boxes.
Core Bench Jolt Rammer
they trust their work to foundries who
may be very skillful in other lines but
have had no experience in gas engine
castings. Second, by trying to buy their
castings too close. No foundry wliich
specializes on gas engine castings fails
to realize that the incidental expenses in
this line are much greater tlian in others,
and yet being in competition with job-
bing foundries, they are often compelled
to do the work at prices which do not
leave a fair margin of profit, and some-
times no profit at all. In such cases, it
is only human nature to shirk somewhat,
in the eff9rt to economize. Again manu-
facturers of gas engines have suffered
much loss from their insistence upon too
(Treat haste on the part of the foundry.
Ample time should, be provided for de-
signing a pattern; and then ample time
should be given the foundry to study it,
prepare the rigging, and instruct the
men. The policy of "rush the pattern
While the capacity is 300 pounds, with
80 pounds air pressure, it can be used
to advantage on small slender cores,
which, together with the boxes, weigh
only a tew pounds.
.Jolt Ramming Machines are generally
associated with very large and deep
molds, and only recently the facility of
settling sand into deep pockets, and
among the rods and wires of small cores
on the core bench, has been appreciated.
The valve consists of a plug of case-
hardened machinery steel, having a 3-16-
inch vertical stroke, and to all intents
and purposes the construction is that of
a valveless plunger. The economy in
air, however, is superior to that of more
elaborate valve mechanisms, used on
jolt ramming machines. The size of
table is I.jXSO inches, and the diameter
of the plunger is 3 inches. The finished
shipping weight of the machine is 325
pounds.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
MACHINING A DOG TOOTH
CLUTCH.
By H. S. G., Toronto.
'TpHE following is a "rig" that was
•*■ used successfully to machine the in-
clined faces of a "dog-tooth" clutch on
a shaper. A, Fig. 1, is a | inch eye-
bolt threaded for about 9 inches. B is
a hand wheel from the scrap heap, drill-
ed and tapped I inch, with a groove ^
x4 inch turned in the hub. D, Fig. 2,
is a bar with a 1 inch hole to guide the
screw, and E Fig. 2, is a bar with a
fork to engage the groove in the hand-
wheel hub. The prongs of the fork are
rounded oR as shown, to allow tor the
swing of the eye bolt.
The swivel table was mounted on the
shaper and bolted down just tight
enough to allow it to swing without
shake. The clutch to be machined was
clamped down concentrically on it, and
the eye-bolt connected to the corner of
the swivel table at C, Fig. 1 ; the car-
riage being set, so that the tool passed
through the centre line of the clutch.
The clutch was marked-oft from a tem-
plate, and as the tool was fed down to
tihe work, the swivel table was swung
by the hand-wheel. In machining a
long tooth, the work might have to be
done in two parts by running the hand
wheel as far as possible in one direction,
then running it back, and re-setting the
clutch on the table to finish the rest of
the cut.
be easily prevented by the use of a light
coil .spring arranged as shown in the
cut. A washer about .3 inch diameter
should be placed above and below the
I
AN AIR HOIST DEVICE.
By G. T. R., Toronto.
The top cylinder covers of air hoists
are frequently damaged, due to the pis-
ton striking them, as a result of care-
less operation. Trouble like this may
C
X^
Fig. 1 — Miichiiiiiig a dog tooth clutoli.
spring, the coils of the latter being of J
or 5-16 inch steel, depending on the size
of hoist and air pressure. This simple
device costs little, and may prevent
damage with its accompanying annoy-
ing delays for repairs.
JIG rOR LOCOMOTIVE SIDE ROD
BRASSES.
By L.S.R., Winnipeg.
The cut shows the usual form of jig
for planing the rod-fit, on locomotive
side-rod or main-rod brasses.
A is an angle bracket, bolted to the
table of the planer or shaper. The top
edge is machined parallel with the base,
and a planed strip. C, is bolted to it
by studs or set screws. B is a square
block, having at its centre, a round
shank which fits snugly into a corre-
JP— -a=^^
. . \ ^ y A
-B
sponding hole in A, and is clamped in
place by the nut at the back.
One edge of B is brought in line with
the top edge of the angle plate, A, so
that the plate C lies evenly on both.
The brass is then bolted to the face of
B by means of the long studs and bars
shown, and is centred and roughly level-
led. The top edge is now planed. After-
wards, the plate C is removed, the large
nut slackened, the block B revolved
througjh 90 degrees and the plate
C replaced. Another edge of the brass
Air hoist device.
is planed next, and so on for all four
sides.
In cases where one end has to be plan-
ed taper to fit the adjusting wedge, the
strip C, is removed. The hole D, is in
the angle plate, while holes E and F
are in the block B. E and F, are so
located, that when one or other of them
is brought opposite hole D, and a pin
inserted, the top or bottom edge of the
brass is at the correct angle tor plan-
ing tte required taper.
.rn c
A
■T_r
1 I BRA&S I Li("^
lis
-^
m — u
Fig. 2 — Machining a dog tooth clutch.
Jig for plan ins locomotive side rort brasses.
220
CANADIAN MACHINERY
TWO USEFXJL TUBE CUTTERS.
By J. Harcouit, Toronto.
TAYO tube cutters for locomotive
boiler tubes are here described and
illustrated. Fig. 1 shows a cutter for 2-
inch tubes, and is au extremely handy
tooL The body is made to fit into the
tube, and has a hole 11-16 inch square,
means, the yoke and the larger diameter
C, are dispensed with.
It will be noted that with the above
cutter only about IVz revolutions of the
jaw are required to cut each tube.
It may be operated by air motor or
ratchet wrench. A stout bar is ri^ed
up across the smoke box front and the
Yoke \-^'**'
which slides between two guides, and is
wedged outwards through the tube by
blows on the end of the shauk. The
whole apparatus is revolved by hand,
through a long wrench on the squared
end of the cap. When the tube has been
cut, the wedge is easily drawn back
by hand, the flat spring at once bringing
the cutter wheel within the tube and al-
lowing the tool to be withdrawn. The
water space between the back head of
the boiler and the door plate of the
tirebux varies on different classes of
boilers ; therefore a loose collar is clamp-
ed on the cutter to form a depth gauge,
ensuring all tubes being cut off a uni-
form distance inside the firebox.
Plkh of spindle « JAW
Fig. 1— Cutter, for 2-lnch tubes.
in which the cutter slides. The spindle
and jaw for driving the tool are solid
with one another, the former having a
short cylindrical projection at one end,
and 14-iiich out of centre with the
spindle. This projection engages with
a slot across the body of the cutter, and
moves the latter up and down in the
square l^ole, when the jaw is turned to
right or left.
Having brought the cutter to the bot-
tom of its stroke, the tool is inserted
in the tube and the jaw turned to the
right, thereby rai.sing the cutter, and so
piercing the tube. When the cutter is
in this position, the side of the jaw is
bearing against a stop, shown in the end
view, and on the motion being continued
to the right the tube is sheared all round.
The strain is taken by the stop, which
consists of a stud projecting about 1/2-
inch. The bottom side of the jaw has
a tapered groove. A, -yg-inch wide, which
enables it to be turned back to the left
sufficiently to bring the cutter point in-
side the tube again, and allow the tool
to be wihdrawn. The yoke witlidraws
the btwly of the tool along with the jaw
and spindle. To do this, .some force is
neces.'iary, therefore the yoke is recessed
into tlie lop of the jaw for a depth of
i/g-ineh to take the shear off the small
screw that holds it in place.
This cutter was sketched in the G.T.R.
roundhouse at Toronto, and differs from
the nsnal form in the yoke and the posi-
tion of the stop. As used in the C.P.R.
shops and elsewhere, there is a slot in
the shoulder B, extending half way
round the circumference; the stop being
screwed into the spindle, and workina;
from end to end of the slot. Bv this
motor or ratchet connected up to the
jaw of the cutter by a series of rods
having universal and telescope joints en-
abling any tube to be reached without
shifting the motor.
3 in. Tube Cutter.
Fig. 2 shows another G. T. R. tube
cutter as used at Toronto for cutting
out the 3-inch arch tubes from loco-
motive fire boxes. It is made from a
piece of extra heavy hydraulic pipe. The
cutter wheel is carried in a jaw piece,
Pressure.
Gt/vu&e -
AN AIR-DRIVEN GRINDER.
Tlie small double grinder shown in the
attached cut was sketched in the Frog
and Switch shop of the G. T. R. at Tor-
onto. It is driven by a small air turbine
or motor, mounted on the shaft, between
two emery wheels. A reducing valve
on the air line brings the pressure down
to about 40 pounds per square inch, the
pressure gauge being mounted where it
can be easily read.
It is not claimed that this is a highly
economical method of driving an emery
wheel, but where, as in this case, there
is no belt or electric drive available, it
serves the pui-pose admirably.
For the sake of clearness, the emery
wheels have been omitted in the end
view. An idea of the scale of the draw-
ing may be gathered from the fact that
the thinner of the two wheels is 10
inches diameter, and that the centre of
the spindle is 39 inches from the floor.
alr-drlren grinder.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
221
BORING A CYLINDER ON ENGINE
LATHE.
By B.F.W., Toronto.
In the machine shop of B. F. Williams,
Toronto,- the problem presented itself,
of how best to bore several cylinders on
order. Their diameter was 8^ inches,
their length 30 inches, and the
guides on the bed. Wood blocks H, were
also inserted between the carriage and
the barrel of the cylinder. Packing
pieces L, between the ends of the feet
and the carriage prevented any move-
ment sideways. About i inch of stock
had to be removed, and this was accom-
plished with one roughing and one finish-
(ik SouARE
^ For Wrench
CuiDC
Fig.
only available machine for bor-
ing them was an engine lathe swinging
21 inches. Each cylinder being, of
course, much too heavy to chuck in a
lathe of this size, the latter was con-
Cutter for 3-inch tubes.
wood blocks, G, cut to fit the Vee
ing cut. A first class job was the out-
come.
Referring to the cuts, A is the boring
bar ; B the tool holder ; C the tool ; D
verted into a boring mill in the usual the steady rest ; E the piece of channel
manner, by rigging up a boring bar and jron to which the steady rest is bolted ;
strapping the cylinder to the carriage, p the cylinder; G, the hard wood
as clearly shown in the cut. blocks ; H, the wood packing between
If the steady rest supporting the end cylinder and carriage ; J, the bolts
of the boring bar had been mounted on holding down cylinder to carriage by
the lathe bed, the carriage would not means of the angles K ; L. the packing
have had sufficient travel to do the job;
tiherefore it was necessary to mount it
on a short length of channel iron, at-
tached to the underside of the bQd and
supported by two struts as shown. The
lead screw had three bearings, one at
each end and one behind the apron. To
get the necessary length of travel for
the carriage, the bearing at the tail-
stock end had to be removed, but the
remaining two bearings were found to
give ample support to the screw.
A piece of 2 15-16 inch shafting form-
ed the boring bar, and as this had a
sunk keyway already cut for a consider-
able portion of its length, it came in
handy. An old damaged spur wheel,
turned down to form the tool holder,
was keyed to the shaft about 33 inches
from the headstock end.
strips between cylinder feet and carriage
preventing motion of cylinder sideways ;
and M, the four jaw chuck.
While this method of boring a cylin-
der is not new, the process is an inter-
esting one, in view of the "home-made"
nature of much of the apparatus used.
HANDY COMPASSES FOR THE PAT-
TERN SHOP.
By a Patternmaker.
The accompanying illustration shows
a handy and convenient tool for pattern-
makers' use. As a combined caliper and
marking gage, it has proved itself most
popular in the pattern shop where it
was devised. Some patternmakers never
use a hermaphrodite caliper, while
others have the regular caliper which
As will be seen from the cut, the may be purchased in tool supply stores.
cylinder had two feet, set close to each Others again have home-made calipers.
end. These were supported on two hard i employ this caliper when the work re-
quires and very often I use it in prefer-
ence to a marking gage.
The caliper that I describe in this ar-
ticle is remodeled from a standard make
of calipers. It diflers from the standard
caliper in the reversing of the legs, as
shown by the full lines, while the stand-
ard make is shown in the dotted lines.
The dotted leg is drawn out straight,
finished and tempered. Don't forget the
temper. That makes its worth double.
If you expect to use this or any other
tool for the purpose of cutting or part-
ing (which is the purpose of this tool)
of the wood, the cutter must have a
proper temper. The scratch leg is
shown by the dotted line. I have re-
moved this one and substituted the leg
as shown in the full lines.
Handy Compasses for Pattern Sbop.
The sketch is clear and complete and
really requires no explanation. The
stock is about 1-16 inch and the end at
a is finished in the form of a ball.
For marking dimensions on turned
work, this is a superior tool.— Castings.
Boring a Cylinder on an Engine Latlie.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
IMPROVED BENCH TOOL GRINDER.
THK accompanying halt-tone shows
an improved design oi standard
bench tool grinder recently put on the
market by the Ford-Smith Machine Co.,
Hamilton, Ont. The usefulness of this
type of grinder has long been demon-
strated, and the present example has a
special feature in the additional wheel
on t*e outside, to take care of small
drills or such other tools as cannot be
conveniently ground on the larger wheel.
This outside wheel can be readily chang-
eA for any special shape, should occa-
sion arise.
Another feature is the hand hole for
cleaning out, seen in front. This does
away with the necessity for removing
the hood and wheel spindle as in the
older designs. \n unusually large wa-
ter pot is provided, and careful atten-
tion has been given to the guards and
tray. The larger wheel is 12 inches
diameter by 2 inches wide, and the
smaller wheel 8 inches by i inch. The
advantage of wet over dry grinding,
pro\-iding sufficient water is availaWe, is
generally admitted, both on account of
the time saved, the better finish on tfie
tool, and the absence of liability to
draw the temper.
This machine is known as the "12 inch
Rapid" and is suitable for distribution
arouna the larger shops at any point
required. It is equally well adapted to
the requirements of smaller shops, hav-
ing the desired tendency to put the tool
grinding on the right basis, at a min-
imum of expense. The bench space oc-
cupied is only 22 by 18 inches. Fast
and loose pulleys, 5 inches diameter for
a 3 inch belt, are provided, also an ex-
tra heavy spindle running in self-oiling
bearings. If desired, th« machine can be
direct driven by electric motor on the
spindle.
24-INCH SINGLE SURFACER.
I^HE wood surfacer illustrated, is
■*• built by the Valley City Machine
Works, Grand Rapids, Mich., and will
plane stock 24 i inches wide by 8 inches
thick. It is a double belted machine,
as may be seen from the cut, which
shows the surfacer with its gear covers
removed.
The frame is designed to give ample
strength, and has a large surface for
the bed, the base being planed, so .as to
give a uniform bearing on the floor.
The main bed is raised and lowered by
the hand wheel seen in front ^ is cast in
one piece, with adjustment for wear by
wedge and screw. The centre bed is
held bv four bolts, and can be taken
out when required for trueing up. An
index is located on the main frame, to
Indicate quickly the pogition ol the
table for a given thickness of stock.
A single cylinder made from steel
forgings runs in long self-oilingi bearings
at 4,500 r.p.m. It carries two 5 by 5
inch driving pulleys, and is fitted with
two knives. The four gear rolls are
power driven, the feed gears being held
together by a yoke and link, so that
they cannot get out of mesh. There
are two rates of feed. The upper feed
rolls are adjusted by means of a wedge
and screw, and are held down by heavy
coil springs, thiis enabling the operator
to feed stock of varying thicknesses at
one time. The weight of the machine is
2,200 pounds.
FOOTE-BURT HIGH DUTY DRILL.
THE 8(. inch swing, high duty drill
press which we illustrate, was built
by the Foote-Burt Co., Cleveland, Ohio,
and operated at the equipment exhibit
in connection with the .Atlantic City
conventions of the .\.R.M.M. and M.C.B.
Associations last month. Some extrem-
ely interesting drilling tests were there
made on it, with "Paragon" high speed
drills manufactured by the Cleveland
Twist Drill Co., Cleveland.
General Description.
No special equipment was provided for
this test, it being simply a standard
machine, with a high speed drill capa-
city, up to 3i inches dia. in solid steel.
Nine changes of geared teed are provid-
ed, any one of which is instantly avail-
able without stopping. The power feed
is provided with adjustable automatic
and hand stops, while the hand feed is
accomplished by means of worm and
Ford-Smith Bench Tool Grinder.
Valley City Wood Surfacer.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
223
worm gearing. The quick traverse of
the spindle in either direction, is attain-
ed through a spider hand wheel located
in front of the machine, which with
either the "in or out" movement of any
or all of the bandies, engages or disen-
gages same.
Tihe table is of the bracket knee type,
and has, a large square lock-bearing
surface on the upright to which it is se-
curely gibbed. It is further supported
and elevated by a square thread telesco-
pic jack screw, located underneath, and
slightly back of the spindle, to permit
boring bars or other tools passing
through the table. The motor drive con-
sists of a 20 h.p. four-to-one variable
speed motor, geared direct with a two-
to-one reduction. Back gears give a fur-
ther gear of four-to-one, and make pos-
sible, spindle speeds varying from 37i
to GOO r.p.m.
A compound table can be fitted, it de^
sired, and is not an attachment to the
regular table, but consists of an entirely
new knee. This compound table has a
longitudinal movement of 11 inches and
a cross movement of 8 inches. The dis-
tance from centre of spindle to face of
column is 18 inches, and the maximum
distance from the table to the nose of
the spindle is 3U inches with the stand-
ard table, or 5J inches less with the
compound. The length of the power feed
is 16 inches, and the net weight of the
machine, 7,000 pounds.
The table under the heading, "Recent
Drilling Records," shows the remark-
able results obtained when carrying out
the already-mentioned test. With one
exception the drills used were the Cleve-
land Twist Drill Co.'s "Paragon" flat
twisted high speed type. It will be not-
ed that the IJ inch size, drilled cast
iron at the rate of 57^ inches per min-
ute constituting in this respect the high-
est drilling speed on record.— vSee page
211.
MOTOR DRIVEN GRINDERS.
FIGS 1 and 2 show two motor driven
grinders made by the Garvin Ma-
chine Co,, .New York. Their special fea-
ture is that they are standard stock ma-
chines, with motor drive applied. The
same patterns arc used whether for belt
or motor drive ; in the latter case, a
bracket is added to carry the motor.
Fig. 1 is a No. 3 Universal Cutter and
Surface Grinder, capable of grinding all
forms of milling cutters, ranging in size
from 14 inches diameter by 6 inches face,
down to the smallest size. It will also
grind surfaces 6 inches wide by 9^ inches
long. The drive is through a belt from
a constant speed motor of 1-6 h.p., run-
ning at 1,800 r.p.m., the motor being
bolted to the column of the machine.
Suitable adjustment is provided for belt
tension, and the bearings of the main
spindle are fully protected from floating
emery.
FOOTE-BURT HIGH DUTY DRILL PRESS.
2*24
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The weight o( this machine is 435
pounds.
FiR. 2 shows a surface grinder driven
in like manner. The motor is mounted
Fig. 1 — Giirvin No. ;; I iiio-isal lutter and sur-
face grinder.
on two steel arms bolted to the side of
the column, on which is the track for
motor adjustment, to maintain correct
tension in the lower belt. The upper
looped belt, driving to the spindle has
also a compensating tightening device.
The motor is of the constant speed type,
i h.p., running at l.K.iO r.p.ni., and the
machine will grind surfaces 7 inches wide
by »i inches long and of thickness from
I to t> inches. The total weight is 450
pounds.
When such machines are located in iso-
lated places, and a live shaft drive is
not available, an easily applied motor
drive is of special value. Further, be-
ing easily portable, they can be set down
in any position.
GARVIN PLAIN MILLING MACHINE.
We illustrate herewith the No. 22
plain milling machine, built by the Gar-
vin Machine Co., Xew York. It is the
most powerful and largest capacity ma-
chine they make, and has been designed
for continuous hard work ; all non-essen-
tial parts having been dispensed with.
The spindle has a No. 11 Brown and
Sharpe taper hole with driving slot, and
runs in adjustable bronze boxes. The
drive is by means of a 12-inch cone and
■1-inch belt, the gear ratio being 5^ to 1-
From Fig. 1 a new departure will be
noted. One side of the machine is clos-
ed ; so that the arm and spindle bear-
ings are joined rigidly together and to
the body of the machine, thus securing
great solidity an^ freedom from vibra-
tion. The feed is driven from a spindle
on the back shaft, by throwing over the
eccentric seen in Fig. 3. The feed
ranges from 1-200 to J-inch per turn of
spindle
The table is driven by a non-rotating
screw and a rotary steel nut, shown in
Fig. 1, both screw and nut being harden-
ed. The baud teed is operated by hand
wheel and spiral gears running in oil,
while the rotary feed nut is driven by a
worm gear and worm running in oil.
Fig.
-Garvin surface grinder.
The feed box is built into the saddle,
so that the stresses are taken up in the
most direct manner with the smallest
number of joints. The saddle has mi-
crometer adjustment in and out. The
Tig. I — Garrln pinln miller.
Fig. 2 — Onrvin plain miller.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
225
knee has the Garvin closed top construc-
tion, and is raised by micrometer hand-
wheel and a screw, the latter not pass-
ing through the floor. The arm is large
and the braces shown in Fig. 2 connect
it with the saddle, leaving the yoke free
for adjustment to suit the arbor and po-
sition of cutter.
HEAVY DUTY DRILL PRESS.
'T^HE 21 inch heavy duty drill press
■■■ which we illustrate, has lately been
re-designed by the makers, the Colburn
Machine Jool Co., Franklin, Pa. The
machine has a capacity for drilling 3
inch holes in solid steel with high speed
speed box. This auxiliary friction is
operated by means of lever F, and by
its use, the gears are made to turn very
slowly and the diflerent speed changes
can be made without jar or shock.
Operating Features.
The different speeds and feeds, and the
Oil. RC&ERVOIR
WZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.
ahzn^
•-Tool stccl worm,
hkrdencd
WORM OIL BATH
HAND Control
^'Ig- 3— Feed median ism Garvin plain miller.
Fig. 4— Table driving screw, Garvin plain miller.
MARKING MACHINE.
T\ shops manufacturing taps, dies,
drills, or in any plant where letters
or figures have to be stamped on the pro-
duct, a marking machine such as we il-
lustrate is almost indispensable. Be-
sides making a much more uniform im-
pression than can be obtained with the
usual steel stamps, the work can be
done much quicker on a machine.
The pressure is obtained through a
powerful toggle lever, and the head of
the machine is provided with means for
quick vertical adjustment, to allow for
varying thicknesses of stock being stamp-
ed. There is also a stop arrangement to
regulate the horizontal movement. This
machine has a capacity of 1,800 pieces
per hour, and is adapted for straight
stamps on round work, and circular
stamps on flat work.
The makers are the Remington Tool
and Machine Co., Boston, Mass.
ItcniiMgton marking press.
drills running at speeds and feeds re-
commended by the drill makers.
Constructional Details.
In the former design, the drill had a
right angle drive, necessitating the use
of quarter turn belts, when a number of
machines were set in a row and driven
from one line shaft. This has been
changed, and the main driving shaft in
the speed box, on which is mountea the
driving pulley, is now parallel with the
line shaft. No countershaft is required,
all changes of speed and feed being ob-
tained through positive gearing, by
means of levers conveniently situated
within easy reach of the operator, stand-
ing in front of the machine, Fig. 2.
The speed box, of entirely new des:gn,
is mounted on a substantial knee at the
rear of the main column. Eight chang-
es of speed can be obtained through slid-
ing gears and positive clutches, operat-
ed by means of levers, E and Z, Fig.
1. All gears in the speed box are of
steel, running in an oil bath, and the
corners of the teeth are beveled where
they slide together. A target, I, on the
top of the speed box, shows which gears
are engaged. Four of the speed changes
similar to the changes with a selective
transmission on an automobile, are
made by means of lever E, and a set of
back gears operated by lever Z, increas-
es the number of speeds to eight.
The machine drives through a friction
clutch pulley, operated by means of
lever G. Being a high-speed drill press,
with the gears running at a high rate of
speed, it is impossible to make the
speed changes when driven by the regu-
lar clutch pulley, on account of the
severe impact caused by too sudden en-
gagement of gears and clutches. To
overcome this, an auxiliary friction
clutch is interposed between the main
friction pulley and the gears in the
combination by which they are obtained,
are shown on a speed and feed index
plate attached to the feed box in plain
sight, and the operation of changing
either speeds or feeds is most simple.
To illustrate : for 45 revolutions of
spindle per minute, the positions are :
Lever Z at slow, and the rou Y at A.
The machine should be at rest when
making changes. The operator first
takes hold of lever Z with his left hand
and throws it in the direction marked
slow. This is the back gear lever and
operates one gear and a positive clutch.
If the gears have come to rest so that
the teeth will engage, it will not be ne-
cessary to revolve them ; but if not, the
operator takes hold of lever F with his
right hand and pulls gently. This oper-
ates the auxiliary friction clutch and
causes the gears to turn slowly, until
they can be brought into engagement.
Fig. 1— Colburn beavy duty drill press.
226
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The speed at which the gears are turned
by the auxiliary clutch can be regulated
by the pressure on the lever F, and thus
any danger of damage to the mechanism
is entirely eliminated.
The position of the two rods Y, is in-
dicated by pointers traveling across tihe
face of a target having the letters B,
A, C, D. The front rod Y, has a
pointer which indicates its two posi-
tions C and D, while the rear rod Y
has another pointer, indicating its two
positions B and A.
The lever E has a pin which engages
slots in the two rods Y, Y. By sliding
the lever backwards in its bearing H,
the pin enters the slot in the rear rod
Y, and by sliding the lever forward, the
pin enters the slot in the front rod Y.
Only one of the rods can be moved at
one time, and the pin cannot be moved
from one rod to the other, until both
are in neutral positions ; this being ac-
complished by a strip of metal fastened
rigidly between the two rods, with a
single slot through which the pin will
just pass. To change the pin from one
rml Y li> the other,, it is always neces-
sary to bring the slots in both rods op-
posite the slot in the center strip.
Willi ihe ruds in these positions, the
sliding gears are not in mesh. Con-
sequently there is no chance for the
gears to fight, and the device is fool
proof..
If the gears do not slide together in
the position in which they come to rest,
the operator will take hold of lever F
and with a slight pressure, gently re-
volve them, when tiiey can by means of
be thrown into engagement by means of
lever E. The actual sliding of the
gears is accomplished by right and
left movements of the lever E,
while changing of the pin which
moves the rods Y, Y, from one
to the other, is accomplished by
sliding the lever through its bearing
H. Often after the machine has been
stopped, the gears or clutches can be
engaged without using the auxiliary
clutch lever F, but whenever the teeth
do not engage, a slight pressure on this |
lever causes them to turn into the cor-
rect position.
Speed and Feed Changes.
The feeds, of which there are six, are
obtained by means of the pull rod X
operating the back gears, and the pull
rod \V operating the dive key. To
change the feeds on the high speeds, it
is advisable to stop the machine and
proceed as for changing speeds, but
when running on the slow speeds, the
machine need not be stopped to change
the feeds. The whole operation of speed
and feed changing is extremely simple
and is quickly made.. By looking at the
index plate, the operator can see at a
glance just what to do to get any de-
sired speed or feed, or he can tell at
just what speed or feed the machine is
running, by noting the positions of the
levers and rods and comparing them
with the index plate.
"CANADIAN FOUNDRY-
MAN."
' ' Canadian Foundryman, ' '
devoted to the foundry, pat-
temmaking, polishing and plat-
ing interests, contains each
month, bright helpful articles
and news concerning the do-
ings and achievements of man-
ufacturers and operators in
their respective fields. Read-
ers of Canadian Machinery
will find it of invaluable assist-
ance in acquiring a knowledge
of kindred trades, at low cost.
Kljf. - roHiiirii tic.tvy Miiiy drill press.
Spindle and Drive Equipment.
The spindle is of forged high carbon
steel, the thrust being taken on ball
thrust bearings. It has a No. 5 Morse
taper at the bottom and a total travel
of 16 inches. Direct feed on spindle is
through a worm gear carrying a gra-
duated dial, reading in thirty-seconds of
an inch. The graduations being about
s inch apart, a finer measurement than
1-32 inch can be made by reading be-
tween them. This dial has an adjust-
able pawl, which can be set to automa-
tically trip the feed at any point up to
14 inches travel of the spindle. The
feed can also be tripped by hand. In ad-
dition to the above graduated feed dial,
there is another safety trip which auto-
matically stops the feed when the spin-
dle has reached its lowest position,
thus preventing possible accident on ac-
count of feeding down too far.
The machine is built with either llie
standard bracket type of table as sho\s.n
in Fig. 3, or with a compound table as
FiR. ;i — Colbuin heavy duty drill press.
in Figs. 1 and 2. Both- tables have a
telescopic elevating screw which elim-
inates the necessity of making a hole
through the floor. Special chucks or
otlier fixtures may be mounted upon
either type of table. In Fig. 3 is seen
a two jaw universal chuck, specially
adapted for holding gear blank ior:;'ngs
and similar work. The jaws ex ma'le
detachable and special styles can nc r,t-
ted for irregular shaped pieces. Tiic il-
lustration shows a 2h inch hiiih speed
drill, boring a steel gear blank al a
feed of 4 inches per minute.
To adapt the machine for motor dri'c
a special bed plate having an extens'.oii
for the motor is provided. The muUir
is located directly under the clutch pul-
ley, to which it is belted. The clutch
pulley of course allows the m-xc'.iiue vo
be stopped and started without biop-
ping the motor. A. constant speed mo-
tor is used, of from 10 to 20 h.p., de-
pending on the work to be performel.
JAPANESE RAILROADS.
The manager of the Japan Rolling
Stock Co. (Mihon Sharyo Kaisha), re-
cently stated that a large amount of
rolling stock will be required in Japan
in the near future, as a result of the
extension of the government railways,
and it is estimated that by 1923, .'•00
locomotives, 750 passenger coaches, and
9,300 freight cars will be placed on these
lines, necessitating an aggregate expen-
diture of about .tl2,.-)00,000 to $lo,000.-
000. In addition, considerable quantities
of stock will be required for the lines
buill, and will be eon.structed by private
companies, of which 17 or 18 were or-
ganized last year.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
22^
GnadianMachinery
^^'MANUFACTURING NEW5-^
A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rioity. compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN
H.V.TYRRELL, Toronto
PETER BAIN, M.E., Toronio
J. H. WILLIAMS, Toronto
President
Business Manager
Editor
Associate Editor
OFFICES :
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Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern
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Phone Main 7324
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Phone Garry 2313
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H. Hodgson,
Room 21, Hartney Chambers
GREAT BRITAIN
LONIWN - 88 Fleet Street. E.C.
Phone Central 12960
E.J. Dodd
UNITED STATES
New York - - R, B. Huestis
115 Broadway
Telephone 2282 Cortlandt
FRANCE
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Slbts, Faubourg Montmartre,
Paris, France
Cable Address :
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SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
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4s. M., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising rates on request.
Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will coafer a
favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified at onoe of any
change in address, giving both old and new.
Vol. VII.
August, 1911
No. 8
TIME LIMIT FOR TENDERS.
T X our view, the period allowed from the date of
■*• publication, or receipt of tender forms by the con-
tractor or his representative, is in most cases totally in-
adequate, and seems in addition to bear no proportion
whatever to the amount of contract price involved. Surely
in such matters, opportunity should be given to go care-
fully into the requirements called for, by all desirous of
submitting a quotation, as only thereby will fair com-
petition have its rightful stimulus, and the best possible
equipment be secured at the best possible price.
Much of the discussions on higher efficiency hinge on
the workman's pay roll, his output in relation to it, and
but little is heard of inefficiency otherwise. In the broad
outlook, large opportunity awaits these efficiency experts'
attention, as in this particular phase of "open tender,"
we believe betterment and all-round benefit to be de-
rivable. Doubtless, most concerns in whose particular
lines these large contracts lie, are so organized as to be
able to figure closely and rapidly; still even these, we
think, would perhaps feel more secure in their price, and
reap a larger profit, were the time allowance extended.
THE MECHANICS' EDUCATION.
A CAREFUL peru.sal of tlie contents of the current
•** issue of "Canadian Machinery," will convince the
most sceptical, as to the earnestness of desire and effort
put forth by manufacturers and others concerned, in the
direction of providing sound, practical and technical
training to all willing to avail themselves of it.
At the recent Conference on "The Education of En-
gineers," held in London, England, (the first section of a
report of which appears in this number) it is abundantly
clear that employers are fully alive to the question, and
are actively propagating the work. "Education of Engin-
eei-s" is a term used in its widest sen.^e, and, therefore,
includes among the otliers, all engaged in Machinery and
Machine Tool manufacture. A feature of mucli import-
ance at this Conference, was the opportunity afforded,
what might be termed the purely educational interests, to
get into close touch with employers of large engineering
works. There has always been a more or less want of
community of interest existing between these two .sections,
in the mechanical development of those under their care,
and we believe much good is likely to result from the per-
sonal interchange of ideas.
Men or youths who aim to make progress in their
chosen profession of Mechanical Engineering, should take
advantage of every form of education that will better
equip them, and the University, Technical School, Works
Educational Schemes, (where .sueii exist) will all be
found powerful helps to the daily shop ijractice. In Can-
ada, there are already large, well-equipped colleges, cover-
ing to a large extent the higher branches of an engineer's
education, and the steps being t?iken to supplement those
by estaliiishing Technical Schools in all industrial centres,
will enable an increased number to take advantage of, and
benetit bv their combined services.
CONVEYING YOUR IDEA TO ANOTHER.
'p HKOUOH the lack of the knowledge neces.>iary to con-
■*• vey their idea or invention to paper, in writing or
drawing, many men have been denied the reward whicli
would otherwise have come to them. It is noticeable that
lack of capacity in the former respect, causes mistrust of
those who could put the ideas in intelligent form for
them, and this circumstance of itself is sufficient justifi-
cation for the plea in favor of more particular attention
being paid to the acquirement of at least a fair measure
of mechanical drawing and sketching.
Most men, imbued with a liking for their work, have
dreamings of improvements in the methods adopted and
the means employed ; and who, more than the operator, has
a better opportunity of seeing them assume the foi-m of
practical possibility. This being so, should it not be the
earnest endeavor of every machinist, and" the younger
generation of them especially, to so equip themselves, that
whatever they divine as an advance and improvement on
existing practice, may be committed to paper at their own
hands.
The ability to put one's ideas on paper, has the fur-
ther advantage that more effect can be given to the par-
ticular scheme being developedr, because of the concentra-
tion obtainable. Sketching machinery details and after-
wards drawing same to some scale, will familiarize those
who practice it with such all-important points as th» se-
curing of necessary dimensions and views, from which
another may be able to work. Those deficient in the
art of drawing and sketching, and who persist on that
account in withholding the privilege of committal by an-
other of their ideas to paper, are more numerous, perhaps,
than we might at first sight credit, and being so, mechan-
ical progress is held, back, on account of the.se men, in
course of time, dying off, and taking what was of value
to all, with them.
WRITING TO TRADE PAPERS.
Zeal is generated and stimulated to know and
find out more, by writing trade or business articles, and
what a man acquires in this way is invaluable, because
no matter how much of his knowledge he gives away to
others in his writings, iiis own store becomes no less, but
as a matter of fact, does really increase.
Mechanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinists*
By B. P.
A Series of Progressive Lessons Designed to Familiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Apparatus Necessary to Make Simple' Drawings, to Encourage them to Realize How Im-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, as Well as Being a Profitable Pastime.
B
EFORE going furtlier into the mak-
ing of detail ilrawinjrs. it will be
ueeessary for us to consider how an ob-
ject may be represented by a series of
views, bearing a definite relation to one
another. Take for instance, a common
brick. This has three dimensions, length,
breadth, depth, therefore the drawina;
will consist of such views as will give
all necessary information.
Different Views and Locations.
Fig. 1 shows a drawing of the brick,
which is 9 inches long, 414 inches wide.
<?-
1^4 V
B
Fig. 1.
and 21/2 inches thick. A is known as
the front elevation, and is a view of the
brick as it 'would appear in the face of
a wall. B is a view looking at one end,
and is known as the end elevation. C is
a view looking down upon the top of
the brick, and is known as the plan or
plan view.
Fig. 2 is a perspective drawing of the
same object, and from the letters, it can
be easily seen which face of the brick is
represented in each of the three views
of Fig. 1. Thus to obtain the end eleva-
tion B, we turn the object through an
angle of 90 degrees to the right; similar-
ly, the plan view is obtained by turning
it throtigh 90 degrees downwards. This
is the simplest system, although there
are others in common use. For instance,
some draftsmen would place the plan.
C, above A, instead of below it, and
would place the end elevation B to the
left of A, instead of to the right. In
this instruction course we will adopt
what to us appears the simplest plan
— that first described.
The question may be asked, why three
views as in Fig. 1, when all the dimen-
sions can be clearly shown in one view
as Fig. 2T A little consideration, or
better still, a little experience, will show
that a perspective drawing would be too
inconvenient a method of representing
*Flftb of a aeries of an InitractloD '.-onrae.
a complicated easting, or in fact, any-
thing but a simple rectilinear object.
Consequently, the method shown in Fig.
1 is adopted and is known as the method
of orthographic projection, or projection
by straight lines. We shall learn more
of this later on.
Number of Views.
Referring again to Fig. 1, the front
elevation A, shows us that the length of
the brick is 9 inches, its thickness 21/2
inches, while the end elevation B, shows
that its width is 41/2 inches. We have,
therefore, leai-ned all three dimensions
from two views. The plan C is re-
quired nevertheless, as it tells us that
the corners are square, whereas they
might be rounded for all we learn from
A and B.
It must not be supposed that three
views are always sufficient or necessary,
to clearly show the construction of any
article. Frequently it is necessary or
useful to show four or five views, to en-
able some complicated object to be more
easily understood. Mechanical drawing
is a language by means of which the
draftsman conveys his ideas to the
mechanic, and as in other languages, the
more complex the subject, the greater
the number of words (views) needed to
describe it.
Dotted lines tend to make a drawing
confusing and difficult to read, and
should not be used more than absolutely
necessary, although it is of course im-
possible to eliminate them altogether.
Such things as cylinders and hollow cast-
ings, or forgings of all kinds are usually
shown most clearly by making one or
more views known as "sectional views."
A sectional view is that which would
appear were the object cut through a cer-
tain plane.
Explanatory Example.
In making a drawing of a cast-iron
tank, with outside dimensions, 24 inches
long, 20 inches wide and .14 inches deep,
let us assume that the body metal is
everywhere 1 inch thick, and that 9
inches from one end, there a partition %
inch thick, extending to within 2 inches
of the tank top, and having a 2 inch
hole on the longitudinal centre line, 7
inches down from the top. A scale of
three inches to one foot, or one-quarter
full size, will be a suitable scale for the
drawing.
Starting with the front elevation, the
first step will be to construct by use of
tee square and set square, a parallelo-
gram equal to the outside length and
depth of the tank. Next, dot in the lines
representing the thickness of ends, bot-
tom and partition. The partition, be it
remembered, is % inch thick, and stops
PLAN
Fig. 3.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
229
short 2 inches from the tank top. Seven
inches below the top of the partition,
draw a short horizontal line to represent
the centre line of the hole reqnired there,
and one inch on either side of it draw
a dotted line throngh the partition rep-
resenting the edges of the 2 inch hole.
This completes the front elevation. We
next proceed to draw the plan immedi-
ately below it, and here instead of meas-
uring off the length of the tank again,
yon simply bring the working edge of
the tee square about 6 inches below the
bottom line of the front elevation and
with your set square, produce the end
lines of the tank downwards
Draw the lines for the thickness of the
ends and the partition in like manner.
Now draw a horizontal line about one
inch below the lowest line in the front
elevation, to represent one side of the
tank. Next, set off a distance of 20
inches, along one of the end lines and
through the point thus obtained, draw
another horizontal line to show the other
side of the tank. Inside these two lines,
draw two more lines representing the 1
inch thickness of the sides. The plan is
now complete, except for the two inch
hole in the partition, and which is put
on the centre line of the plan as already
described, when drawing the froiit ele-
vation. The height of the end elevation
is projected across from that of the
front, by means of the tee square, and a
vertical centre line is drawn, on each
side of which half the width of the tank
is set off.
A section on XY, is shown to the left,
chiefly as an example of what a section-
al view is.
Assume the tank to be cut in two at
the line XY (front elevation), then an
end view at the line of section would
appear as shown. In future lessons, the
usefulness of sectional views in eliminat-
ing dotted lines, and enabling one to
form clearer ideas of the construction of
hollow pieces, will be further considered.
AMERICAN FACTORIES IN CAN-
ADA.
In the absence of government statis-
tics showing the number of American
factories which have established branches
in Canada, the Montreal Star, after a
careful canvass, reports a list of no less
than 181 with a combined estimated ca-
pital of $233,000,000.
The products of these branch factories
include, among other things, agricultural
implements, electrical machinery, malle-
able and gray iron castings, gas engines,
saws, and tools, conveying and mining
machinery, railway iron and steel work,
chains, automobiles, horseshoes and
nails, transmission machinery, stoves,
lumber, barrels, boxes, office furniture,
couches, folding beds, silverware, paints,
oils, varnishes, printing inks, fountain
pens, cereals, confectionery, self-sealers,
silk thread, paper, roofing paper, gum,
gas, fly paper, chemicals.
Some of these are well known and
their coming has been widely announced.
The city of Hamilton alone has 15
branches, while.in Montreal there are 19,
and in Toronto 63. There are no stat-
tistics showing the number of persons
employed, but it is clear there are many
thousands. T*o factories in Hamilton
alone employ 5,000.
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION.
The Court of King's Bench in appeal,
has rendered judgment in a case under
the Workmen 's Compensation Act, which
will probably have considerable effect in
shaping the views that judges will take
in applying the measure to eases coming
before them. The law in question is a
new one, and applies to the cases of em-
ployer and employe within limits and on
principles not otherwise recopiized.
These are fairly set out in the judgment
to which reference is made.
A young man was engaged to do cer-
tain work for a quarry company. In
moving from one part of the works to
another, a day or two after his engage-
ment, he loitered at a place where he
had no occasion to be. He was warned
by the. foreman in charge of operations
to move, and had hardly retorted that
he was in no danger, when an accident
happened and he sustained such injuries
that death followed. Suit was brought
by a relative for compensation on the
ground that the deceased was her sole
support. There was .no apparent ques-
tion as to what were the facts. The con-
tributory carelessness or neglect of the
victim, was not a bar to the claim made
upon the employer. The liabilit.v of the
latter was held to exist when there was
a relationship between the work of the
employe and the accident which injured
him.
To quote the words of Mr. Justice
Arehambeault, speaking for the majority
of the court, "To come under the act
it appears • » • unnecessary that
the workman should be at a precise
spot assigned to him. From the moment
one of the cogwheels of the machinery
of which, so to speak, he is a part, causes
an accident, the accident happens in the
course of the work, or professional risk,
and the employer is liable." After ac-
cepting this view the court had only to
decide on the amount of damages it
would award. The law fixes $1,000 as
the minimum in case of death, with $2,-
000 as the maximum, but it gives the
court power to reduce the amount, where
the mishap is due to the inexcusable
fault of the workman, and to increase
the allowance where there has been in-
excusable fault by the employer.
The court under this autliority, fixed
$500 as the sum to be paid to the plain-
tiff, indicating that the victim of the ac-
cident was responsible, and, to a certain
extent, that his employer was not. This
judgment the Court of King 's Bench up-
holds.
The advantage of the Compensation
Act to the employer is presumed to lie in
t'le fact that by it, so far as it applies
to his employes, his liability is definitely
fixed. As this case illustrates, it may
be larger than was generally anticipated.
A law on similiar lines in Great Britain
has worked to considerably increase the
demands upon employers of labor, and
though liability underwriters have in-
creased their rates for insurance, not
many of them have found their business
profitable. It would appear that the
same experience will be noted in Quebec.
TECHNICAL EDUCATION COMMIS-
SION.
Gilbert M. Murray, the manufacturers'
representative on the Royal Commission
on technical education and industrial
training, has returned from Europe,
having left his colleagues at Zurich,
Switzerland.
The commissioners went first to Lon-
don, England ; then to Manchester,
Leeds, Halifax, Bradford, Glasgow,
Edinburgh, Hull, and Leicester. Cross-
ing to Germany, they visited Berlin and
Munich, and then began their tour of
Switzerland. Zurich was the first stop
for observation, and the end of Mr.
Murray's European itinerary. The other
commissioners, however, were to make
further investigation elsewhere in Ger-
many.
A trip to the United States will be
made before the report of the commis-
sion is completed.
The Smart-Turner Machine Co., Ha-
milton, have recently filled the follow-
ing orders :— TJie' Tug Salvor, of Port
Arthur, one pump ; the Wells Pattern
& Model Works, Toronto, side suction
centrifugal pump ; Gunns, Ltd., West
Toronto, side suction centrifugal pump ;
the Rogers Cheese Co., Frankford, Ont.,
Duplex pump ; the Cronmiller-White
Brewing & Malting Co., Port Colborne,
Duplex double acting power pump ; the
Monarch Knitting Co., St. Thomas,
automatic feed pump and receiver ; the
University Power House, Toronto, Du-
plex pot valve pump ; the Canadian
Colored Cotton Co., Hamilton, Duplex
pump ; Canada Coating Mills, George-
town, single vacuum pump ; the Inter-
national Harvester Co., Hamilton, side
suction centrifugal pump ; L. J. Looby,
Owen Sound, side suction centrifugal
pump ; the .\cheson Oildag Co., Sar-
nia, couple of pumps ; the Burrill Lum-
ber Co., Three Rivers, P.Q., Duplex
boiler feed pump.
Boiler Design, Constniction, Operation, Repairing and Inspection
By H. S. Jeffery
The Various Points in Connection With Boiler Practice Will be Clearly Taken up
lit This Series. The First Article Dealt With the Boiler Shell, Including Repair-
ing, Factor of Safety, Hydrostatic Test and Number of Courses. The Series Will
be a Complete Text Book on the Subject of Boilers, and Should be Preserved for
I'cffl-VIU'C.
Bracing.
All boilers, especially tubular boilers,
are so constructed that a part is self-
supportinsr. The shell is self-supporting:
because the force acting upon it tends
to maintain a circular form. It is also
true that the flues of a tubular boiler are
subjected to pressure at all points, but
Fig. 34.
the pressure on the shell is internal and
that on ihe flues external, except in the
case of water-tube boilers, where the
flues are subject to internal pressure.
Parts of the boiler that are not self-
supporting must be stayed or braced in
a manner which will prevent deforma-
tion or bulging when the boiler is in ser-
vice. There are many ways of bracing
boiler parts; the water space of loco-
motive and similar types of boilers is
stayed with staybolts. With staybolts,
attention must be given to three things:
(1) the area supported. (2) The size of
the staybolt. (3) The thickness of the
plat? supported.
The area is computed by authorities
differently. If the staybolts are pitched
4-inch centres, the area would be 16
square inches, and all authorities so fig-
ure, but if they are pitched 3% x 4 ins.,
most authorities would figure the area
to be supported as 4x4 equals 16 square
inches. This rule requires staybolts to
be distributed in such manner that the
distance between the vertical and hori-
zontal rows will be as nearly uniform as
practicable — that is to say, if the stay-
bolts were pitched, say 31/2x5 inches, the
area supposed to be supported by each
staybolt would be equal to 5 squared,
or 25 square inches. The area is usually
computed by the following formula:
CXT'
= P
D
Where :
C=Constant (See note).
T=Thickness of plate in sixteenth of
an inch.
P=Working pressure.
D=6reatest pitch of staybolts.
Note: The constant depends upon the
tliiekness of plate and also the author-
ity.
In selecting the size of staybolt, one
of the first things to consider is the
thickness of plate which the staybolt is
to support. Now the staybolt may be
sufficiently large to support the area
allotted to it and the pitch &ay be about
the usual pitch, 4 inches, yet the plate
may be so light that the pitch is ex-
cessive. This is illustrated by the
arrangement, Fig. 34. Assuming the
con.stant to be 110 and pitch 4 inches,
the allowable working pressure for a
110X16
l^-inch plate would be, = 110
pounds,
110X36
and for a
16
%-inch
plate,
16
= 247.5 pounds.
Fig. 38.
It will be seen by the above that the
%-inch plate, while only i/g-ineh heavier,
is allowed a much greater working pres-
sure. Further, the size of the staybolt
has not been considered — the working
pressure has been determined only. The
staybolt diameter depends upon the
allowable stress per square inch. Since
staybolts are subjected to both a direct
pull and a vibratory stress, their factor
of safety is considerably higher than
that of the boiler shell. Again, the
threads o#>the staybolt open avenues
for the starting of cracks and as the
least area eaten away by corrosion re-
duces their strength materially, the
usual stress allowed is 6,000 pounds per
square inch.
With the 14-inch plate in the forego-
ing example, the load on the staybolt
will be: Area X pressure or 16X110=
1,760 pounds. Dividing by the allowable
stress per square inch, the area required
will be:
1,760
r=.293 square inch.
6,000
The diameter of the staybolt at the
root of the thread is then:
Fig. 35.
1.293
I ==.614, say %-in. diameter.
V.7854
All staybolts are not threaded their
entire length — some are "skinned" out
as indicated in Fig. 35. This staybolt
has a small 3-16-inch hole in one end,
and is a practice used extensively with
locomotive boilers, the purpose being to
give an alarm by escaping steam when
fracture takes place. As staybolts near-
ly always break at or near the outer
wrapper sheet, the tell-tale hole is in-
stalled in the end attached to said sheets.
When a staybolt is so "skinned" and
the tell-tale hole installed, the area at
diameter A, Fig. 35, is ascertained, also
the area at diameter B less the area of
the tell-tale hole. The lesser of the two
is the net area of the staybolt. Usually
staybolts are "skinned" out sufficiently
that the least area is that from the
diameter A.
Fig. 39.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
231
It is important to note that staybolts
do not always support both sheets to
which they are attached. The furnace
of an upright boiler is stayed; and the
stays are by necessity attached to the
shell sheets. Staybolts should be placed
at right angles to the surface they sup-
port, or as near as practicable. If the
staybolt is supporting a curved surface,
it should be placed as radiating from
the apex of the curved surface. Curved
surfaces which are not self-supporting
are stayed the same as flat surfaces. The
fact that the furnace of an upright boil-
er would successfully resist 30 pounds
steam pressure without staying is not
taken into consideration if the boiler is
to be constructed and stayed for 100
pounds steam pressure, and the size of
the staybolts, their pitch and the thick-
ness of the plate is computed without
regard to the curved surface.
When bracing the segment of a boiler,
the braces cannot be spaced uniformly.
This is illustrated in Fig. 36, where it
will be noted that there are three rows
of braces and the pitch is 5 by 8%
inches. Unlike staybolts, the area sup-
ported by a brace is computed as the
minimum pitch times the maximum by
most authorities, and in this instance:
5X8% equals 43% square inches. Other
boilers to apply direct braces
throughout. Diagonal braces should not
be placed at an angle greater than 20
degrees, and with a three-course tubular
boiler, it is good practice to have some
of the diagonal braces attached to the
centre course. The diagonal brace
length multiplied by the area of a direct
brace required to support the surface,
and divided by the length of a line
drawn at right angles to the surface
supported and to the palm of the diag-
onal brace, gives the diagonal brace area.
Formula :
SXL
= A.
B
S=Sectional area of direct stay.
L=Length of diagonal in inches.
A=Sectional area of diagonal brace.
B=Length of line drawn at right
angles to boiler head or surface
supported to palm of brace.
Example: The diameter of the direct
brace is 1 inch, length of diagonal stay
60 inches, line drawn at right angles,
boiler head to palm of brace 48 inches.
liner A, Fig. 38, makes a double thick-
ness of plate at a part of the boiler in
contact with hot gases. In Fig. 37, the
water is in direct contact with the
greater portion of the flue head. Fur-
ther, the nut C and washer B, Fig. 38,
will hardly be indirectly cooled by the
water in the boiler and will soon bum
off. One difficulty with the angle irons,
Fig. 37, is that the space for the eye of
the end-to-end stay becomes clogged
with mud. The manhole in the front
head permits this to be watched, how-
ever, so there will be no accumulation
to the extent that the boiler head will be
over-heated and deformation take place.
A brace used to some extent for the
segment above the tubes, but rarely be-
low the tubes, is shown in Fig. 39. It
is not a good brace as the hole in the flue
head is made larger than the brace by
at least 14-inch and when the brace is
installed there are openings above and
below as indicated by the letters A and
B. The bevelled washer C does not
bear fairly against the plate at every
point, and although the spaces A and B
Fig. 37.
authorities used a split-the-diflerence
method as follows:
5'X8.75*
= 50.78 square inches.
2
The rule used for the rivets is the
same as for the staybolts. Example:
The distance between the rows of braces.
Fig. 36, is 5 inches, while the pitch of
the rivets is 4 and 4% inches, respec-
tively. This makes three different rivet
pitches, 4, 4% and 5 inches, respectively.
Practically all authorities would figure
the area supported by the rivet as:
5X5 equals 25 square inches. It will be
seen that to determine the size of brace,
necessitates knowing just what method
the authority having jurisdiction re-
quires. The rivets which hold the brace
to the boiler head are treated as far as
calculations are concerned the same as
staybolts, the area supported by a rivet
being calculated as above.
Direct and Indirect Braces.
Direct braces are to be preferred to
indirect, yet it is impossible with some
What is the sectional area of indirect
brace 1
.7854X60
=.981 square inch, say V/s in.
48
In Fig. 36, the manhole below the
tubes permits entrance into the boiler for
the purpose of inspecting, cleaning, and
repairing; and necessitates bracing the
heads there. This is accomplished in
several ways. The front head with the
flanged hole is supported by same, yet
many require the ring A to be shrunk
on. A method of staying, is to apply
angle irons to the rear head and fit 2
end-to-end stays as indicated in Fig. 37.
Some stay the flues, attaching a liner to
the rear head instead of angle iron, and
fitting 2 end-to-end stays as indicated
in Fig. 38.
The method, Fig. 37, is superior to
that in Fig. 38, for the reason that the
Fig. 36.
are "packed," the packing in time
works out and the brace leaks.
A man, like a knife or a saw, can
have too little temper as well as too
much. We should not be soft enough
to batter and turn easily, nor hai-d
enough to crumble or break. It fre-
quently behooves one to ti-y and fit his
temper to the services he wishes to ren-
der.
In the August issue of MacLean's Ma-
gazine is a contribution in which the
writer claims that Earl Grey is right in
attacking us— although he should attack
more than Canada — and that at the same
time the Public Schools are right in
saying that they are not solely to blame.
The trouble is from a much deeper
source. The Canadian people should try
to find the cure. This article hints at
it.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
THE HANDLING OF MEN.
TIIE following abstract from a letter
of tt. 0. GriBith, of Fort Flagrler,
to a contemporary will be found of in-
terest to our readers.
"In the management of men to get tbe
best results, the man in charge must
have their respect. To get this, he must
treat them as men who are in no way
inferior to him, except in the matter of
work. There are men working in lower
positions than they should be, because
some one higher up does not appreciate
their work, and does not therefore give
them their just dues. Every chief should
watch and study his men, and when one
shows that he is competent and deserv-
ing of advancement, the chief should
give 'him what he deserves, and show no
{avoritism.
"Fair treatment will get better re-
sults than unjust treatment. Men dis-
like a person who is always 'cussing'
and 'grouchy' with them, and they will
not do as good work when he is away
as they would otherwise. Of course,
there are men who will not benefit by
good treatment, and with such a man,
he has either to be got rid of, or be
made understand that he will have to
do as he is required.
"Perhaps nothing will make a man
slight his work so much when he gets
the chance, as abusive language. Most
men like to have their work praised oc-
casional! v."
THE SMALL MACHINE SHOP.
By H.S.G., Toronto.
IN these days of keen business com-
petition, when success depends so
much upon a careful study of system
and economy, it is surprising how many
of the smaller machine shops are oper-
ated with little regard to those details
Vrhich make for smooth running and ef-
ficiency. Of cour.se, the average small
shop, besides manufacturing some spe-
cial line of machinery, has much of its
time occupied with a variety of repairs
and is therefore not in a position to
give much effect to the matter of im-
proved equipment. Every tool has to be
a ".lack of all trades," still much may
be gained by giving thought to the hand-
ling of the employes.
Efficiency of the Employe.
Try to keep each man as much as pos-
sible to one machine, as the advantages
are many ; for each will develop speed
at his work, will take a pride in keep-
ing his machine in good condition, and
will hare at hand the necessarv bolts
and clamps, so avoiding loss of time
and temper.
Do not disregard the suggestions of a
reliable workman with regard to the
purchase of equipment. It he repeatedly
complains of a lack of some appliance to
handle his job, it is safe to say, that
the resultant saving of time and in-
increase of business would soon repay
t»he outlay on new apparatus.
Keep the tool-room locked, and insist
on a check for every tool issued. When
system is relaxed, the men help them-
selves indiscriminately, and not only
keep tools out longer than necessary,
but cause the number of broken drills,
taps, and reamers to mount up at an
alarming rate.
Do not let the apprentices pick up
everything for themselves. It is easier
to acquire bad habits than good and be-
"THE POWER HOUSE."
The August issue of "The
Power House" will contain a
full account of the C.A.S.E.
Convention, held at Stratford,
Ont., in the latter part of July.
All interested in Power Plant
Development and Operation will
find much to attract them in
that special Number, and ar-
rangements should be made to
become subscribers and secure
a copy.
sides, a careful supervision of the ap-
prentices, will save a lot of damage to
equipment, and a little encouragement
will bring out all the good there is in
the young hand.
Consider the comfort of the workers,
and provide a room where they can eat
their dinners in comfort and cleanliness.
Give them proper lavatories, and realise
the impossibility of getting good work
out of discontented workmen.
SAFETY DEVICES ON ELECTRIC
CRANES.
QF late years the speeds of electric
^^ cranes have been increased consid-
erably, yet the provision of adequate
safety devices to prevent over-winding
and over-travelinc has not always re-
ceived the attention it merits, although
in other npplicatinns of electrical power,
manufacturers have devoted a consider-
able amount of time and money to the
problem of placing on the market auto-
matic and "fool-proof" devices, design-
ed to secure immunity from accident due
to errors of judgment on the part of
the workman.
Electrical Equipment.
The electrical equipment of a crane
usually includes a main switch and
fuses, a branch fuse for each motor cir-
cuit, together with a rheostatic controller
for each motor, no provision being made
to prevent the attendant from switch-
ing on the current when the controllers
are not in their "off" positions, as is
generally done with the most ordinary
motor control gear. In several instances,
liowever, the main switch and fuses have
been replaced by ordinary, overload cir-
cuit breakers, which, in order to be ef-
fective in preventing accidents through
mistakes of this character, should be of
the free-handle type. There is, however,
a decided objection to the use of ordin-
ary circuit breakers for this class of
work, on account of the fact that very
often the controller handles are so oper-
ated that a momentary large rush of
current is produced, which though not
of sufficient duration to do any hann
to the electrical equipment is of sufficient
magnitude to cause the circuit breaker
to open and bring the crane to a stand-
still. The resulting delays may be only
trifling, but in the aggregate they are
responsible for serious loss of time, and
in foundries and steel works are the
cause of other and more serious losses.
To avoid this trouble, circuit breakers,
when provided, are generally rendered
inoperative except under very heavy
overloads, and so cease to afford any real
protection against overloads of smaller
magnitude, which may still be of suffi-
cient duration to have serious effects on
the remainder of the equipment.
In a system of control designed to
overcome these troubles, the crane con-
trol panel is equipped with a main cir-
cuit breaker, jirovided with a low volt-
age release attachment, and instead of
a branch fuse for each motor circuit,
tliere is an overload relay with a time
limit device, by means of which a dang-
erous overload on any particular motor,
of sufficient duration to cause overheat-
ing or excessive sparking, may be en-
tirely prevented. In addition, each
motor controller is electrically interlock-
ed with the circuit breaker, in such a
manner that, after it has once been open-
ed by the application of an overload or
through any other cause, it can be closed
again only when the controllers are re-
f
CANADIAN MACHINERY
233
turned to their "off" positions and all
resistance inserted in the motor circuits.
It is thus rendered impossible for the at-
tendants to make any mistake in the
proper sequence of operations; and in
case of failure of the supply voltage
through any cause, there is no possibility
of an accident happening through the
current being switched on again unex-
pectedly.
The Need for Control Urgent.
With the high traveling and hoisting
speeds now in use, the need for suit-
able safety devices for limiting the hoist-
ing and traveling motions has become
urgent, but so far has met with little
response, beyond the occasional addition
of a limit switch to the hoisting motion
to prevent over-winding, and rarely also,
to the traversing motion of overhead
cranes to prevent over-running. These
switches are generally arranged in the
armature circuits of the motors, and
with their cable connections, have to be
of sufficient capacity to deal satisfactorily
with the maximum currents possible in
practice. Unlike ordinary circuit break-
ers, they are not designed for interrupt-
ing heavy currents, and there is neces-
sarily a considerable amount of wear and
tear if they are brought into operation
very frequently.
Such switches have not been generally
applied to limit the travel of overhead
cranes for several reasons; the principal
one being that, owing to the large
amount of energy stored in a heavy
crane when running at a high speed and
carrying a heavy load, it is necessary,
in order to prevent the crane from run-
ning over the end of the gantry, to ar-
range the limit switch so that current
is cut off from the motors while the
crane has yet a considerable distance
to travel. The ordinary limit switch
breaks the motor circuit entirely, and
it is, therefore,' impossible to cause the
crane to continue to travel beyond the
point at which the limit switches ope-
rate, although the switch is generally
arranged so that it is possible to return
in the opposite direction. It is, there-
fore impossible, in such a case to man-
ouvre the crane anywhere near the ends
of the gantry, and consequently a large
proportion of the area included between
the gantries must remain either unserved
or very inefficiently served by the crane.
Limit Switches.
These objections may be overcome by
special forms of limit switches, .such as
have been introduced by the British
Thomson-Houston Company, which ope-
rate by short-circuiting the low volt re-
lease device on the circuit breaker of
the crane control panel. One form of
this switch is designed for limiting the
travel only, and is. therefore, suitable
for the hoisting and traversing motions,
when the latter is made at moderate
speed, as is generally the ease. In the
case of the traveling motion, which is
generally made at a much higher speed,
it is evidently desirable that within a
certain distance of each end of the gan-
try it shall be possible to travel in either
direction at such a reduced speed, that
the current may be cut off entirely, and
the crane brought quickly to rest when
it is quite close to the end of the gantry,
so that there is no danger of over-run-
ning. This may be effected by the use
of a limit switch, so arranged that when
the crane is near the point where an
ordinary limit switch would open the
circuit entirely, the speed is reduced by
the insertion of resistance in the travel-
ing motor circuit, which, quite close to
the end of the gantry, is opened alto-
gether.
Another possible source of danger is
the attainment of very high speeds when
heavy loads are being lowered, and de-
vices are now made which render a mis-
hap of this kind impossible. The objec-
tion to very high speeds of lowering is
that the motor which drives the hoist-
ing motion may be driven at such a
speed as seriously to injure, if not break,
the fastenings of the armature coils, an
injury which might result in the wreck-
age of that portion of the crane. — The
Times.
HEATING REINFORCED CONCRETE
BUILDINGS.
A MONG the many advantages ot rer
*^ inforced concrete the heating pro-
position is not usually emphasized as
strongly as it should be. In discussing
this subject before the annual convention
of the National Association of Cement
Users, Leonard C. Wason, of the Aber-
thaw Construction Co., pointed out,
that experience seems to sihow that
with concrete floors, it takes longer to
heat up the structure for the first time,
than in the case of wood floors. How-
ever, after the building has once become
thoroughly warmed up, it requires much
less heat to maintain a constant, com-
fortable temperature than does mill
construction, so that the heating ac-
count in the long run, appears to be
considerably cheaper with concrete.,
Where the heating expense is of con-
siderable magnitude, this feature might
very properly be seriously considered in
the choice of building material.
Gossip of the Trade
The city of Montreal has awarded
the contract for eight concrete mixers
to Foss & Hill, Canadian represent-
atives of the London Concrete Machin-
ery Co. The price was $9,628.
The Coventry Chain Co., Coventry,
England, inform us that their "Coven-
try" chains are fitted to the new gov-
ernment airship, "Delta" for propeller
tilting purposes, and to the "Beta" for
propeller driving.
P. G. Smith, Sec, the J. D. Smith
Foundry Supply Co., .Cleveland, Ohio,
has taken charge of the firm's Eastern
offices, at 378 Ellicott Square Bldg.,
Buffalo, N.Y., from which point all the
Eastern and Canadian trade business
will be handled.
Mr. Howard, president the Detroit
Foundry Supply Co., is making a trip
through Canada in the interests of his
firm. They manufacture and deal in
foundry supplies and equipment, also
polishing and plating supplies. A new
catalogue covering the latter will be is-
sued shortly.
W. C. Mitchell, for some time general
superintendent of the Dominion Steel
Company, has accepted the position of
superintendent of the Algoma Steel
Company, and leaves shortly for Sault
Ste. Marie.
The Foss & Hill Machinery Co., Mont-
real, have been appointed agents in the
Province of Quebec, for the Quoen City
Machine Tool Co., Cincinnati, Ohio,
manufacturers of metal shapers, and al-
so for the Hoefer Mfg. Co., Fiocport,
Illinois, makers of drill presses.
The Vancouver and Prince Rupert
Meat Co., New Westminster, B.C., has
purchased and are installing a 30-ton, 2
cylinder, double acting, vertical ammo-
nia compressor, made by the Armstrong
Machinery Co., Spokane, Washington,
for operation at the new abattoir and
packing plant on the Frazer River ; the
same to be operated under a direct ex-
pansion system.
The John Inglis Co., Toronto, have
received an order for a direct-acting,
horizontal compound duplex steam pump
from the town of Chapleau. The steam
cylinders are 10^ and 18^ inches dia.,
the water cylinders 12 inches dia., and
the stroke of all is 12 inqhes. The duty
required is 1,000 imperial gallons per
rainr.te ; the pressure being 70 pounds
for domestic service, and 130 pounds
for fire service.
Another order lately received from the
Owen Sound Electric Light Station
calls for a horizontal tandem compound
Corliss engine with cylinders 16 and 36
inches dia. by 36 inches stroke, develop-
ing 300 i.h.p., at 75 r.p.m.
In addition to the above the firm have
secured an order from the city of Gana-
noque for a horizontal cross-compound
pumping engine, to deliver li million
imperial gallons per 24 hours against a
domestic pressure of 60 pounds and a
fire pressure of 115 pounds.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
ELstablishnient or Elnlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tioa of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.
FOrNDBY AND MACmSE SHOP.
Ll'XEXmUU. N.S. A Kxiil i-ouipauy hail
been sno'egsfnlly formed hi this town to
carry on the manufacture of gasoline engines.
mill gear of all kinds and do general repair
work. A. E. Krnst formerly supt. of the
Truro Foundry Co.. is in eharge.
CORNWALL. OXT.— Jas. E. Qulg & Co.,
Engineers and Machinists, have opened up a
machine shop here and will do all kinds of
work In the line of engineeriug, machinery,
tioller making and blacksmitblng.
OTTAWA. OXT.— A. E. White, of Wiscon-
sin, a prominent manufacturer of saw swod-
ges and sawmill machinery, contemplates es-
taldishlng a branch here.
DANVILLE, QUE.— John O'Donnell has
opened a garage and repair shop here.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Noon Universal
Coupler Co.. capitalized at flOO.WO, have been
Incorporated.
FORT WILLIAM. ONT.— Sir Wm. White
has announce<l that It would be impos-
sible to build a Iwomotlve repair shop any
place east of All>erta, as by the time the
shops were completed the company expect to
have 800 locomotives waiting to be repaired in
them. To haul those locomotives to the head
of the lakes would be entirely out of the
((uestion. He expressed the opinion that the
bead of the lakes was. however, a suitable
place for car building shops.
WETBURN, SASK.— Messrs. Acton and
Montgomery have acquired the Weyburn Ma-
chine Khop from A. Hnel.
OTTAW.\. ONT.— The International Foun-
dry Co., of London, capitalized at $75,000, have
lieen incorporated.
NEW YORK.— The Canadian Pnciflc has
ordered 3.000 tons of rails, which will be roll-
e<l by the Lackawanna Steel Co. for quick
shipment to Kingston, Canada. Recent export
business ulso includes a contract for 20,000
tons of structural shapes from bridge build-
ers in Canada.
HKLLEVILLE, ONT.— The rolling mills
have Ijeen closed down of late an<i extensive
Improvements are being made. The furnaces
are lieing rebuilt and several new machines
are being Installed.
TORONTO. ONT.— Work on the new dry
dock for Toronto at the Poison ship yards is
about to connnenc*\ It will be of steel with
concrete foundation and in tliree sections.
When i'onpied together It will be 600 feet
long. 100 feet wide and admit a vessel 80
feet wide. The Poison Company expect to
have two sections of dock completed this
fall. The cost will be $900,000.
INGERSOLL, ONT.— The John Morrow
Screw Co., who announced recently that they
would expend $150,000 on Improvements, have
awarded a .$20,000 contract for building to
Nagle and Mills.
VANCOUVER. B.C.— The Pacific Electric
Heating Co.. of Ontario. Cnl.. Is establishing
a plant here for tlie manufacture of "Hot-
point" electric irons and various other elec-
tric appliances. R. R. McCrea Is manager.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— The Canadian Northern
closed a 1|<:!00,000 contract with the Canada
Foundry Co. recently for a number of freight
and passenger locomotives to be delivered
this fall.
BLAINE. B.C.— John NicoU has purchased
the jjersonal property of the Blaine Foundry
& Machine Company, and is now in charge of
tlie foundry and uuichlne shop located on E
TRENTON, ONT.— The factory of the Barr
Registers is being put In shape here by W.
H. Matthews and Mr. Barr. The Canada Iron
Mines. Ltd., will establish a new concentrat-
ing plant here also.
WELLANO. ONT.— A new foundry and
moulding department has been added to the
plant of Quality Beds, Limited. This addition
Is of l>rlck construction and is of the very
latest design, size (iOxSO. The addition will
practically double the output.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Dominion Bridge
Co. Is taking steps to enlarge its holdings
south of the Grand Trunk Railway tracks at
Lnchlne. It is said that the property be-
tween the works and the Rockfield boundary
are to i>e ac<iuired.
WELLAND, ONT.— The new factory of the
Imperial Manufacturing Co. Is In course of
erection. The firm is entirel.v new jind inde-
pendent, having no connections in tile .States.
Hardware specialties of all kinds will be
manufactured.
ESTEVAN, SASK.— Walstead and McGraw,
nmchinists and automobile experts, of Ken-
mnre. N.D.. have acquired the Skinner Elec-
tric Light building, and intend uinuing an
up-to-date auto garage and machine shop.
OTTAWA, ONT.— Letters patent of incor-
poration have been issued to the Thomas
Davidson Manufacturing Co., Montreal, with
a capital stock of $5,000,000. The company is
authorized to carry on the business of smelt-
ing, casting, etc. The incorporation is
through Buchan and Dillon, advocates.
WOODSTOCK, N.B.— Small and Fisher's
machine shop was l)adly damaged by Are re-
cently. Tlie niouldlng shop was gutted.
GUELPH, ONT.— Guelph has secured an-
other Industry, the Canadian branch of the
Flexible Conduit Co., of Penn Yan., X.Y.,
wbicii manufactures electrical conduits.
OTTAWA. ONT.— In connection with the
option secured upon extensive property on
the Richmond road, it is learned on reliable
authority that it is Intended mainly for ma-
A.L.A.M. Standard
Castellated and Plain Nuts Milled from the Bar
are carried in stock at factories and warehouses,
good Nut as found in our product are: —
The essential features of a
EDGES— Smooth and well defined.
HOLE— Central and true.
Nutt varying from standard furnished quickly and reasonably.
CITTOFF— Clean and without burrs.
TAPPING— Straight and accurate.
Ask for catalog " Milled Products '
±
THE NATIONAL-ACME MANUFACTURING COMPANY
MONTREAL, QUE. CLEVELAND, OHIO
Branch Olfices: NEW YORK, BOSTON, CHICAGO, DETROIT, ATLANTA
Warehouses: NEW YORK, CHICAGO Factories: CLEVELAND, MONTREAL
CANADIAN MACHINERY
66
chine shops and other appurtenances to the
Canadian Northern Railway.
REGINA, SASK.— The Coekshutt Plow Co.
will erect a $50,000 warehouse lu this city.
VANCOUVEK, B.C.— The largest mechanical
pulp mill In Canada will be situated at
Ocean Falls. The Ocean Falls Co., Ltd., head
office this city, have secured all the machinery
posslt)le from local sources, and are erecting
a fully equipped plant that will eventually
employ 700 men.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— The Edmonton Iron-
works Co. are erecting a foundry and ware-
house at a cost of $10,000 each and will en-
gage in the manufacture of plows.
PKKSTUN, ONT.— The Preston Woodwork-
ing Machinery Co. have received a charter
and are preparing to erect a factory 100x100
ft. and a moulding shop 40x60 ft.
ST. JOHNS, P.Q.— W. J. Walsh, head of
the Holyoke Steam Boiler Works, contem-
plates establishing a plant here. The Holyoke
Steam Boiler Works are by no means a new
venture and have already filled large con-
tracts in Canada and in Newfoundland, be-
sides having many big orders ahead.
ST. CATHARINES, ONT.— Machinery has
been Installed in the Welland Vale factory, to
l)e used In the manufacture of rakes. The
rakes will be welded by electricity.
THOROLD, ONT.— The Coniagas Reduction
Co. suffered a $15,000 loss by fire recently.
The fire nearly wiped out the blast furnace.
BROCKVILLE, ONT.— Local capitalists
have formed what will be known as the Atlas
Motor Car Co., for the manufacture of auto-
mobiles. The company, which Is capitalized
at $200,000, has started work on the erection
of a factory.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— The Alberta
Foundry and Machine Shop have commenced
operations. Castings of Iron and brass will
be turned out for general building ond cor-
poration work as well as machine parts, pipe
connections, etc. The pig Iron used Is ob-
tained from Port Arthur, the scrap Iron local-
ly.
MEDICINE HAT, ALTA.— The Installation
of the machinery at the Alberta Rolling Mills
is nearing completion. The boilers and one
engine are Installed and the machine shop
departnient is already running, turning the
big rollers to the proper size for the mills.
The management expect to commence rolling
by August 10th.
The
IMPERIAL
CHUCK
has become indispensable in
many high-grade manufacturing
plants throughout|the|Dominion.|
Find out why the Imperial Chuck
has become so popular — get the
best possible evidence — the ev -
dence of high grade mechanics
who use them. Write us at
once for letters from satisfied
customers, A free trial order
will convince you.
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
A Small Item
APPARENTLY, but
how many hours a
week are your
men regrinding
-and rehardening
tools ?
You can cut this
time to a fraction
with our latest
model.
Plenty of water,
the right kind of
wheel, rigidity and
no lack of belt
power put your
grinding on a "de-
livering the goods"
basis.
The men apprec-
iate a machine
that expeditiously
puts their tools in
the best condition.
THIS SPELLS
" OUTPUT "
Built in Two Sizes— 16 inch and 20"inchJWheels
Net Weight ofiMachines, 650 lbs and 875 lb«.
THE iFORD-SMITH MACHINE COMPANY
HAMILTON. ONTARIO
From 1/8 to 3/4 of a pound of our 99% pure
ALUMINIUM GRANULES
to the ton of steel or iron will increase the tensile strength of
your castings without decreasing the ductility — it will produce
smooth faced castings and avoid blow holes — therefore will re-
duce your loss in castings to a minimum.
WHY NOT ASK FOR SAMPLES TO-DAY?
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, - ENGLAND
GeneralIA|{ents: PARKE & LEITH, 60 W. Front St.. TORONTO.
66
CANADIAN MACHINERY
FORT WILLIAM. ONT.— The Steel Com-
pany, of Canada, has taken over the Fort
William proposition of the Superior Rolling
Mills Company, and are preparing to estab-
lish a plant here.
SACLT STK. MARIE, ONT.— The $4,000,000
mill of the Lake Superior Pulp and Paper
Co.. will be located on this side. The new
buiidlngr will be 500 by ISO feet and will take
eighteen months to erect. A new cofferdam
Is t>eing constructed to augment the power
now supplied to the pulp mill, and the out-
put of pulp wiii also be increased by another
.100 tons per day to supply the paper plant. A
battery of fourteen boilers Is also to be In-
stalled In the old power house of the sulphite
mill. The plant will employ about :J00 hands.
Bonds to the value of about $3,500,000 were
floated In London several weeks ago. The
Industry, when completed, will represent an
investment of $8,000,000.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— Capitalized at $10,000,-
000, the British Columbia Steel Corporation
has announced that Immediately at I'ort Mann
construction will be undertaken of the first
unit of the great steel plant. Plans have been
de<'ldcd upon for unit No. 1, which will cost
$700,000.
TORONTO, ONT.— The Canada Foundry Co.
have delivered 1,500 feet of the order of 3,.500
feet of new Intake pipe given them by the
city council at their meeting of May 2!). Ac-
cording to the contract between the cit.v and
the company, the whole order of 3,500 feet Is
to be delivered in 90 days, tlic manufacturers
getting a bonus of about $11,000 tor getting
the work done with extra despatch.
WKLLAND, ONT.— Contracts for the erec-
tion of four additional buildings to the plant
of the Page-Hersey tube works were let last
week to David Dick & Sons. The total cost of
these buildings will be about $40,000. The
new buildings will consist of pumphouse,
pattern shop, storehouse building and butt
weld mill. Kach building will be constructed
of brick and steel.
NORTH VANCOUVER, B.C.— The Wallace
shipyards were wiped out by flre recently.
ORILLIA. ONT.— The National Hardware
Co., wlilch manufactures door locks, etc., is
erecting a $16,000 addition. The Canada Re-
fining and Smelting Co. is doubling its ca-
p.icity.
In Thousands of Machine Shops
Shelby Seamless Steel Tubing;
is saving time, reducing costs and improving products. Because it is made in hundreds
of sizes and gauges and almost any section -because it can be bent, coiled, flanged, expand-
ed, swaged or upset— because it is remarkably homogeneous and strong — it offers short
cuts in hundreds of manufacturing operations.
There is almost a certainty that YOU could use Shelby Steel Tubing to advantage.
Write us for booklet, suggestions, stock list and prices.
JOHN MILLEN & SON, LIMITED
MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG
Address all correspondence to 321 St. James Street, Montreal
VANCOUVER
11
In Close Quarters^
[1
Look al how our new Face Plate Jaws
operate in close quarters, coming close to-
Eether at the centre like an ordinary chuck
for holdinff small work.
W« make F«c« Plate Jaws from 4 to 14
|ncbes>
BORING MILL JAWS in all sizes.
LATHE CHUCKSof distinctly new desiKn
WIITE FOI PULL DETAILS
S. E. HORTON MACHINE CO.
WINDSOR LOCKS. CONN., U.S.A.
(Not tlie E. Horton H. Son Co.)
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
Wehavethe equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & GO.
HE8PELER, ONT.
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Our 1911 Catalogue of valu-
able information regarding
"CUSHMAN CHUCKS"
is now ready. Better write for
it. It's free on request.
The Gushman Chuck Go.
Hariford, Conn., U.S.A.
Eatabllehcd 1802
CANADIAN MACHINERY 67
THE MANAGER OF
THE LARGEST WORKS
IN CANADA
must at times feel the need of an inexpensive lathe for his private
experimental work. Much good thought and invention die out for
want of easily and cheaply making experiments or models of an
idea, a whole workshop of expensive tools usually being required,
although the model needed may be small.
WE HAVE DESIGNED A TOOL FOR THIS WORK
A complete, self-acting, sliding, boring and screw-cutting lathe, 4 in.
centres, 2 ft. 4 in. bed, capable of doing all plain milling, key way
cutting, etc.
ITS COST IS $24 i^l^oT^^ '
There is no suggestion of toy about it ; it is a tool rigid enough
for the heaviest work it can hold.
DRUMMOND BROS., Limited
Reid Hill, Guildford, Surrey, England
WANTED.
FIRMS TO TAKE UP AGENCIES IN ALL
PARTS OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.
68
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Jessop's Best Tool Steel
is yet unexcelled for cutting tools
of all kinds, and for general
machine-shop use.
Jessop's "Ark" High-speed
CtnMl gives marvellous results
UlSWl _j,eayy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JESSOP & SONS, Ltd. Shefilield, Eng.
Held Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods Chas. L. Bailey
St. John's, Newfoundland I38 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can be tecured for any cl»» of caatlnss by arraneins your mixtures by
anilyais. Years of practical experience in foundry woric are at your
service when you consult with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS. CORES, OILS. Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
^loro L.llcoly -to b* Aocura-to.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
EGANVILLB, ONT.— During tlie recent Are
here the maeblne shop aud harness shop of
M. .1. McCann were destroyed. Loss $6,000.
HAMILTON, ONT.— The Marsh Standard
Cable Co., Pittsburg, has decided upon Hamil-
ton, Out., as the point at which to establish
Its Canadian plant, to cost $500,000. A site
has been chosen. Other United States com-
paules that have arranged to establish branch
works in Hamilton are the Boston Insulated
Wire & Cable Co., Dorchester, Mass. ; Taylor
Mfg. Co., Princeton, Ind., makers of store
fittings, etc., and Mayor Brown Co., manufac-
turers of brass and stencil goods.
TORONTO, ONT.— James H. HavlU, archi-
tect, Toronto, has prepared plans covering a
fireproof factory building for the C. A. Dun-
ham Co. on the corner of Primrose Avenue
and Davenport Road, Toronto, and tenders
have been called for It. The C. A. Dunham
Co., Ltd., are the manufacturers of the Dun-
ham vacuum steam heating system used In
many of the principal buildings in Canada.
The head office of the company is 511 to 513
Continental Life Building, Toronto, with
braucli offices in Winnipeg, Vancouver and
Montreal.
MIJNICIFAI,.
CALGARY, ALTA.— The by-law endorsing
an expenditure of $20,000 for sewer purposes,
was carried.
WINDSOR, ONT.— The waterworks by-law
for $50,000 was carried.
WILKlK, SASK. — The by-law to raise
.fa.OOO for waterworks was carried.
N.VNAI.MO, B.C. — The burgesses passed the
.1*>50.000 sewerage extension by-law.
TORONTO, ONT.— Final assent was glveu
by council to the issue of $745,173 general
consolidated loan debentures for repairs to
the waterworks intake pipe and for a new
intake and six foot steel conduit and addi-
tional water mains for the water system of
the city.
SASKATOON, SASK.— Big municipal Im-
provements are planned for Saskatoon. The
plans are for a $25,000 waterworks system and
other improvements.
CORNWALL, ONT.— The ratepayers passed
a by-law to raise $30,000 to lay an additional
water main from the pump uouse to the cen-
tre of the town and thence east, north and
south by 12-lneh mains.
WINGHAM, ONT.— The voters carried the
$5,000 by-law for the completion of a pure
water system.
RAYMOND, ALTA.— The town council pass-
ed a by-law authorizing the raising of a loan
of $10,000 for waterworks.
DRESDEN, ONT.— The council have In-
structed F. W. Farncomb, C.E., to prepare the
necessary plans and specifications for the pro-
posed waterworks and to proceed with the In-
stallation of the system as soon as possible.
ST. LAMBERT, QUE.— The town authorit-
ies will take up the study of plans for the
purpose of establishing a plant equipped to
prepare all its sewage flowing into the river
;is early as i)0ssible. Engineer Di<'kinson has
already studied the question and has present-
ed plans for a thoroughly up-to-date sedlmen-
lation plant with filtration beds.
CARLSTO."". ,\LTA.— The ratepayers have
voted $10.00' for a gravity water system.
EI.ECTRIC.%1..
I..' .VILLE, ONT.— The eieitr:- light
pi' . sawmill and block owned by ,:. D. Mc-
l!nc was destroyed in the lii^' file here re-
reiitly. L(iss $10,000; insurance .<2,n00.
KAMLOOPS, B.C.-Kaniioops is getting
ready to expend .$200,000 in developing 5000
liorsepower on the Barrier River, a tributary
of the North Thompson River. The power will
be conveyed forty miles to Kamloops, where
it will be utilized in pumping water for the
reservoir and waterworks system as well as
lor industrial purposes.
NAPANEE, UNT.-The by-law authorizing
the town to sell the municipal electric plant
to the Seymour I'ower Co. was carried. The
town sells the plant to the Seymour Co. for
about $10,000, and gives the company a thirty-
year contract, and secures electric liglit at
eight cents net a kilowatt hour for consumers.
ORILLIA, ONT.— A by-law to raise $80,000
for enlarging the town's power and light
plant was carried.
INGERSOLL, 0.\T.— The council passed a
by-law for the raising of debentures amount-
ing to $25,000 for extensions and alterations
to the electric light plant.
TORONTO, ONT.— The General Hospital
Board have decided to Instal a private plant
for generating electric power of the capacity
of 400 kilowatts.
HA.MILTON, ONT.— The by-law providing
.$.'>05,100 for a municipal power plant was car-
ried.
WILKIE, S.\SK. — The ratepayers passed a
liy-law authorizing an expenditure of $10,000
for an electric light system.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
69
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
M»r.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patent! Perfected
GEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES. ETC.
Ruching and Pleallni: Machlntry.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
3 Front St. W., Toronto
RAM Q a"d SUPPLIES
r\ r\ I L_0 New and Second-hand
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc
Old Material Bought and Sold.
f Ernest Scott
145 Bleury St. •.• MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool
Maker
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Stampings and Light
Manufacturing
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
^^"^ Oil Tempered
^^^rri Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
Special styles
all kinds to order.
of
o
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRIMG CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
NEW BOILER 8UOF.
The rolsoii Iroinvorka Co. will build, iiii-
.lulning the new dry doek to be eonstnioted
by them iit the foot of Frederick street, To-
ronto, ft boiler shop, composed entirely of
uleel, excepting one wall of brick. Tlie dl-
luonslons will be 300x120 feet. Two flange
loiupartments will be erected ; one 60.x40. will
he used ns n pump ,Tnd compressor room, the
other, measuring COxtiO. to be used ns a flange
lire shop, the construction being such that
fumes, etc., will not reach the mnin boiler-
making section. The roof of the boiler shop
will be fireproof usbestos.
PARTNERSHIP niSSOtVED.
The partnership of the well-known firm of
engineers. Ross & HolRnte. has been dissolv-
ed. Henceforth the business will be continued
under the name of R. A. Ross & Company.
Henry Holgate. who has been associated
with Robert .\. Ross for the past ten years,
has joined the Cedar Rapids Power Company.
and will take over the control of that concern
as president. Ross & Holsate. during their
partnership, were concerned with the estab-
lishment of some of the best known electrical
works in the country, notably the Hydro-
Klectric and the West Kootenny Companies.
They were also consulting engineers, for the
C.'inadlan Pacific Railway, and it was under
llieir supervision that the .\ngus shops were
laid out. Mr. Holpate was clialrnuin of tlie
coniniission which was appointed to Investi-
gate the cause of the collapse of the Quebec
bridge.
DUrMMOND BROS., 1,.\THKS.
Drummond Urns.. Ltd.. Ryde's Hill. (Suild-
f-rd, Surrey, Kng., are introilucing their varl-
cns lines of manufacture on the Canadian
ittarket. and as steps are being taken to se-
iiire suitable representation throughout the
Dominion, a brief account of the different
specialities offered Is as follows:
The New Model Maker's "Precision" Lathe is
designed to meet the wants '^f model makers,
who reciuire a tool capable of very varied and
.-K-curate work, combined with a sufficiently
low price to enable sjit'sfactorv pursuit of
til's fascinating and useful hobt>y.
The .'iV.-incli Centre Hack-Geared. Self-act-
ing. Sliding, Roring and Screw Cutting Lathe
has been designed special! v for Afodel Engin-
eering and Precision \Voi*k. inventor's model
work or light running ref)airs to motors and
i'MS in tills respect many attractive and useful
features.
The new design "Workman's" lathe meets
the w.'ints of motor and cycle repairers, genej--
nl madiinists. etc.. and provides a reliable
tool at moderate cost to those of limited capi-
tal.
The n and 7%-inch SSS lathe Is designed
for the use of high-speed tool steels. ni> to
the full capacity of modern steel production.
The .5-inch SSS lathe for treadle or power
is adapted for repairs to nuitors and motor
cai'S. and is claimed to lie the only lathe of
its size, liuilt with the special idea of over-
taking this class of work.
Tn a future issue, fuller Illustrated detail
descriptions will be given of these machines.
ANOTHEH BIG MERCER.
A merger has been effected of several well-
known industries of Canada. Those interest-
ed are the Perriii Plow & Stove Co.. of Smith's
Falls: the Tudhope-Knox Co.. of Orillia. mak-
ers of steel truck; the Tudliope-.Anderson Co.,
of Winnipeg, and the West Lome Wagon Co.
Tlie new concern will be known as Tndlione
Co.. Limited, and it will be canitalized in the
millions. The headnuarters wMl be at Orillia.
and F. .T. Oliver, who is the chief shareholder
Telephone
Hain 2672
THE DOWNER
PATTERN WORKS
116 Adelaide St. West
TORONTO
All classess of patterns
in wood or metal.
Our work is good, our
prices are right.
HAVE US MAKE YOUR
PATTERNS
Bournet & Blanchard
(opposite the Post Office)
LACHINE - QUEBEC
Machinists and Tool Makers.
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Manufacturers o f Gasoline
Motors.
Write us for prices.
Stitcjied CoTTon Duck]
BEliTinG
OoraiiionBEbTitifiCflbft
; liAMUiTOnCWA.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
\t^
WOi
^ALL KINDS-^
Difficult Core Work a Specially
Hi^h Grade • Right R-ites • PrompI" Delivery
SAT/&/^AC7X>f^y WORK OUARANreCD
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
asa CATMERINC: STREET NORTH
HAMILTON . ONT
T
FOR
Tall kinds of machine '
work. made in
WOOD. BRASS
'WHITE METAL OR IRON
by the very highestjclass ol skilled^
mechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
87 JdrvisSt.ToroRto.Canada
70
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The 4dvaDce Machine Works Co.
i77» Canning St., Montreal, Que.
General Maohlne Work. Construotion and
Repairs to Steam Plants. Tanneries,
Printine. Paint and Wood Working
Plants, Automobiles. Etc.
OXY ACETYLENE WELDING
St. Catharines Brass Works
Manufacturers of
Aluminum, Brass, Bronze tnd Copptr Castings
Send us your patterns for trial,
ST. CATHARINES. ONT.
ESTABLISHED
I era
^fanimiczurerj
MALLEABLE
• IRON •
CASTINGS
TWO PLANTS
^ft#' 8000 TONS
Smith's fblls Ontario
TEL. MAIN 4158
329 ST. JAMES
The Foss & Hill Mach'y Co.
SOLE AGKNTS FOR
Scbuinarher & Boyr. I.athe8
The G. A. Gray Co Planers
The rinrinnall Lathe & Tool Co. 16" Lathes
The Mueller Marhlne Tool Co. Kadial I>rlll
Hoerer Marhlne Tool Co.. Drill Presses
The Queen City Miichine Tool Co., Shapers
I.on<lon Concrete Machinery Co.,
Concrete Mixers, Moulds, Etc.
The ,T. T. SlocomI) Co.. . ■ Micrometers
Wood and Iron Working Slachinery.
l*i|ie Threading Machines,
.stone Crushers.
llanRers, Khaftine, Pulleys, Belting.
GnNoline Kngines, llacic Saws.
Canadian Hart Corundum Wheels in Stock.
DISTRIBUTING AGENTS FOR
The Dominion Metal Co.'s Babbitt
Estimates given
on application
Castings of all
Descriptions
MAASS BROS.
IRVING AVENUE
OTTAWA, ONT.
MACHINE SHOP AND MAN-
UFACTURING MACHINISTS
Shafting. Pulleys. Hangers. Emery Wheel
Stands Curling Stones, Boat M^inches. Saw
Arbors. Lath and Bolter Machines. General
Mill Machinery.
Pulp Mill V^ork a Specialty
We are going to give away
FREE a limited number of
our instruction courses. The following are now under preparation-
Complete Boilermakers' Course, Boiler Inspec-
tors' Course, Lay-Out Course, Boiler Design-
• ers' Course, Stationery Engineers' Course,
Sheet Metal Pattern Drafting Course, and
Mechanical Drawing Course.
Send this advertisement with your name and occupation for
particulars of full courses. Address
H. S. Jef fery, eoo Keefer Place, Washington, D.G.
All weifShts up to 6.000 lbs. ,
"We make a socially of difficult cored work
LET US figure: on your requirements
Galt Foundry Co, Galt.Ont.
of the Perriu Plow & Stove Co., will be man-
;iger. A large addition will be uiaUe to the
Tudbope-Kuox Co. plant at Orillia, and work
has already been begun ou it. The plow plant
of the I'crrlu Co. will be transferred from
Smith's Falls to (Jrillia, but the stove plant
will remain there and will be greatly en-
larged.
FLOW CONCBBMS UNIT£.
The announcement has been made that the
Cockshutt I'low Co., of Brautford, and the
Frost iV Wood Co., of Smith's Falls, have
united their sales departments by a mutual
uuilerslauding. Under this arrangement, the
Cockshutt Co. will take charge of ail territory
west of I'eterboro, acting as sole agents for
the Frost & Wood Co., and the reverse will
be true east of Peterboro in Ontario, Quebec
and the Maritime Provinces. It is claimed
this will build up a stronger sales depart-
ment at a minimum of expense, and that It
will secure the best local agents for the two'
companies. In addition to the mauufacturlug
plants at Brantford and Smith's Falls, which
are about to be cousiderably enlarged, these
companies have large distributiug offices at
Ottawa, -Montreal, Quebec, St. Johu, Truro,
Charlotlctown, London, Winnipeg, Brandon,
Uegina, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Calgary, New
u'estnilnster and Victoria.
CAN.VUl.'VN TUNGSTEN LAMP CO.
The auuual meeting of the Canadian Tung-
sten Lamp Co., Ltd., was held at the head
office of the company, Hamilton, ou Wedues-
ilay, July 5th. All the shareholders, with two
exceptions, being present.
Mr. Giuder, the president and general man-
ager, presented his annual statement, show-
ing a business increase of nearly 40 per cent,
over the previous year, and, notwithstanding
the Immeuse amount of money speut In re-
search work in their laboratory, the balance to
the credit of the profit and loss account was
deemed most satisfactory. The usual dividend
was declared. The directors retiring were
unanimously re-elected, viz., W. H. Glnder,
president and general manager; F. W. Gates,
vice-president; P. D. Crerar, K.C., honorary
treasurer; Geo. Webb, A. Ward and G. H.
Levy, board of directors.
An executive committee of three was elected,
before whom all vital questions will be
brought and decided upon, this committee re-
porting full particulars to the board of direc-
tors at their monthly meeting.
The company own a large piece of ground
in the rear of their factory, and the question
of bulldiug a flve-storey extension was fully
discussed. The president was instructed to
get plans and specifications so that arrange-
ments could be made to commence immediately
this most necessary addition.
CONTBACT8 OPEN.
WILKIE, SASK.— Sealed tenders will be re-
ceived by T. A. Dinsley, secy.-treas. of the
Town of Wllkie, until noon, Monday, August
•.'1st, mil, for supply and delivery of the fol-
lowing machinery, materials, etc.:
Tender A: electrical machinery —
(1) One 60 k.w. 3-phase, 60-cycle, 2,200 volt
M.c. generator.
(■J) One exciter for above.
(3) One marble switchboard. Instruments
and switches.
(4) Three I'.liOO volt motors, back-geared to
pumps.
(0) Five Transformers for ligliting system.
(li) .Series Tungsten Street lighting system.
(7) Approximately 25 cwt. of weatherproof
copper wire (line material, guy wire, arms,
pins, insulators, etc.).
(8) Cedar poles.
Tender B : one 100 I. H.P. luternatlonal
Combination Engine.
Tender C : Pumping Machinery —
(1) One working head and deep well cylin-
der,
(2) One half-million gallon pump.
Ci) One air compressor.
(4) Necessary shaftings and belting.
Tender I): one Pneumatic Storage Tank.
Tender B: approximately 1,100 ft. 8-in. cast-
iron water pipe.
Approximately 4,800 ft. 0-In. cast-iron water
pipe.
Approximately 2,000 ft. 4-lu. cast-iron water
pipe. 15 hydrants and 22 valves.
Tender F: Trenching, laying cast-iron water
pipes, hydrants, valves, etc., and back filling.
Plans and specifications may be seen at the
office of the Secretary-Ti-casurer of the Town
of Wilkle, or on applicatiou to the Engineers,
.McArthur & Murphy, Room 8, Bottomly
Itlock, Saskatoon, Snsk.
LONDON, ONT. --Tenders are asked tor
about 3,300 feet of 18-liich. and l,B0O feet of
12-lnch cast-iron pipe, with a number of
valves and specials. Tenders received not
later than noon August 12th, Iflll. For speci-
fications and forms of tender, write H. .1.
(ilanliltz. General Superintendent. Waterworks
and Electrical Depts,, London, Oat.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
71
VIUI)EN, MAN. — Tenders will be received
until August l.Stli. lun, for tUe Installation
of a steam heating i)iant in tbe Virden Muni-
cipal Hall. I'lans of l>uiiillng may be seen
and other [jartU-uiars cjbtalned at the office of
J. F. C. Menlove, Town Clerk, Virden.
CATAXOUU£S.
The Armstrong Uros.' Tool Co., Chicaso,
have sent us Boolilet No. 4, descriptive of their
Hatchet Drills. I'our different types: the
I'acker, Staudard, Universal and Short, each
covering a particular service reiiulrement, are
offered by the Arm to meet any kind or con-
dition of work.
8iuionds Canada Saw Co., Montreal, Quebec,
St. John and Vancouver, have forwarded us
several of their "Cigar l<'an Novelties." their
"Guide for -Milluien" and ">Vall Poster Leaf-
lets." The cigar fan, when extended, gives a
faithful representative of a saw, and suggests
the continued ingenuity of the firm in bring-
ing their manufactures promiuently before
users. The Guide to Millmeu, iu addition to
useful information on saw questions, coutaius
much good advice concerning health ami
habits. The Wall J.'uster is devoted to the
Siiuonds "ilack Saw Blades," and should
have a promlneut place allotted to it where
such coininodities are in operation.
The Norton Co., Worcester, Mass., have re-
cently issueil a book, entitled "Safety as Ap-
plied to Grinding Wheels." Illustrated de-
scriptions are given of modern safety devices
which can lie practically applied to the use of
grinding wheels and machines, and in view of
the wide attention being directed to this sub-
ject, those Interested are Invited to procure
a copy from the Norton Co., Publicity Dept.
The Armstrong Bros. Tool Co., Chicago,
have issued tlieir booklet No. C, coutaiuiug
uu ingenious assortment of lathe dogs and
clamps. Some of the devices are especially
adapted for use on finished work, and can be
quickly applied without removing work from
centres. A bolt driver of special merit, suit-
able for square, flat or hexagon, is described
and illustrated, and as a time-saver is sure to
meet with approval. There are ten illustra-
tions iu the booklet and all are of interest to
machine shop men. Copies of the publication
may be had ou application to the Company.
The Mesta Machine Co., Pittsburg, has is-
sued a catalogue devoted to steam-hydraulic
forging and bending presses of the Hauiel &
Lueg type. In these presses, the steam aud
hydraulic cylinders are direct-connected, thus
making it unnecessary to force the water in
the press cylinder through pipes, while the
machine Is in motion. With this self-con-
tained feature, the presses may be economical-
ly installed and operated. The catalogue cou-
taina several good illustrations of these press-
es. The Mesta .Machine Co. has obtained the
exclusive manufacturing rights iu the United
States and Canada.
The Springfleld JIachlne Tool Co, Spring--
field, Ohio., have issued a thoroughly weil-
illustrated Catalogue G., descriptive of the
various high-grade lathes and shapers manu-
factured by them. Each type of machine has
its various details clearly shown, enabling
those in search of a trustworthy tool, to see at
a glance the features set forth. Two types of
engine lathe are made, and on each type, five
dilferent styles of head may be supplied if
necessary. One type represents complete
mechanism and design for rapid change of
feed aud screw cutting, while the other is
e(iutpped with a rapid gear feed drive only.
Tiie latter permits of a more economical tool
in the matter of first cost to the user, and is
adapted more as a manufacturing lathe than
for tool use. Four different sizes of motor-
driven engine lathes are described, as are
also the Fox Monitor Turret and Shafting
lathes. Crank aud back-geared shapers, mo-
tor-driven aud otherwise, complete with illus-
trations of bench-straightening presses with
centres, and pneumatic presses, the 64 pages
of this attractive publication.
BIO FIRMS UNITE.
An amalgamation has taken place between
the Canadian Fairbanks Co., Ltd., with head
offices in Montreal and numerous branches
throughout Canada, and the Fairbanks-Morse
Canadian Manufacturing Co., Ltd.. with head
offices in Toronto, and its sulisidiary com-
panies, the Dominion Safe & Vault Co., of
Farnham. Que., and the E. & T. Fairbanks
Co., of Sherbrooke.
The president of the new concern will be
II. S. Fuller, of Montreal, president of the
Canadian Fairbanks Co.. and the vice-presi-
dent, P. C. Brooks, of Toronto, president of
the Fairbanks-Morse concern.
The capitalization of the new company is to
be $2,600,000.
Warden King Lowoen
SUPPLIES
MECHANICAL Ilr-,..:, ~ ELECTRICAL
SPECIALTIES
13 Bleury Street, MONTREAL
REPRESENTING :
UNION TWIST DRILL CO.
Drills, Gear and Milling Cutters, etc.
S. W. CARD MFG. CO.
Taps, Dies. Screw Plates, etc.
QUALITY SAW & TOOL WORKS
Hand and Power Blades for all classes
of work,
J. D, McARTHUR & CO.
Leather Beltinif.
SWIFT MOTOR GAR GO.
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUFACTURERS OF
MARINE ENGINE
"Bronze to Bronze"—
Cannot Rust or Corrode
The simple reason for
the lasting qualities of
DART UNIONS
Joints are made quickly and easily
whether pipes are in or out of line and
stay tight until deliberately opened.
When tightened again Dart Unions are
as good as ever. They are bound to save
you time and trouble,
YOUR JOBBER HAS THEM
DART UNION CO., Ltd.
93-97 Niagara St., Toronto, Can.'
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
tingf .steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. John. N.B. VancouTer, B.C
/n the UnitedStatts^SimondsMfg.Co,
O/ES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W, H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
72
CANADIAN MACHINERY
WOODSTOCK CO. TO BB WOUND VT.
The MaxmiUtan Machine Co., which started
bcce some months ago to manufacture pneu-
matic hammers, has decided to wind up. No
sin^le-bande<t hammer has been successfully
made and sold, and trouble has been experi-
euitMl l)etweon the directors and the patentees
all the time. It is said that the hammer
shown to the Industrial Committee at work,
was not the hammer for which the promoters
bad the patent, so the Woodstock people were
stun?. The city gave the company $1,250 to
start, and this would seem to be lost, unless
the settlement is more satisfactory than ex-
pet'ted.
OTTAWA — The G.T.R. will erect new coal
chutes at Ottawa. They will be of steel,
with a banker capacity of 350 tons, and will
do away with the present trestle work, the
whole plant being con<'entrated In a much
smaller area. The coal will be dumped from
the cars to a pit below the track from which
It will be hoisted by electric power to the
bunkers which are covered in. It will be a
very up-to-date coaling plant, causing no
dust and occupying little space. Its site will
be lust east of the company's carshops and
its Oost is expected to be about $15,000.
OSHAWA — Oshawa Is within a month and a
half from Trent water electric power. The
transmission Hue poles are already strung
from the Trent river power house at Tren-
ton, 65 miles away from Oshawa, excepting
short breaks between Cobourg and Port Hope
and between Newtonvllle and Newcastle. The
wires, themselves, will be strung the entire
distance to Oshawa on or before Aug. 1, as a
second construction gang has recently been
lint on this work.
NORTH BAY— North Bay will spend $100,-
000 toe new waterworks machinery.
HENSALL — Hensall will install a new wa-
terworks pumping plant,
BOOK REVIEWS.
".Magnetic Properties of Heusler Alloys." by
Kdward B. Stephenson, has just been issued
as Bulletin No. 47 of the Engineering Experi-
ment Station of the University of Illinois.
This bulletin is a contrilmtlon of data on the
subject of magnetic alloys, and describes fully
the methods of magnetic testing, thermal an-
Cutting Crucible Costs
Cost and price are distinct terms.
DIXON'S CRUCIBLES
are less costly because of the service you get out
of them. They give more heats and more general
satisfaction than you usually get from crucibles.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET No. 223-A.
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co. - Jersey City, N.J.
alysls and photo-micrography used in the
work. The results show that an alloy of ferro-
magnetic properties comparable with those of
cast Iron can be made of the non-magnetic
components copper, manganese and aluminum,
and that the magnetic properties depend
largely on the heat treatment.
Copies of this bulletin may be obtained
gratis upon application to W. F. M. 6oss,
Director of the Engineering Experiment Sta-
tion, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
The use of a block of wood on the top of
molten brass In a crucible, when pouring Is
taking place, serves to protect the metal from
oxidation and partially prevents the Ingress
of dross Into the mold. The block burns and
gives a reducing atmosphere. This practice
has been found to give excellent results and
is used in some of the brass rolling mills.
The block, which should be of wood, which
will not snap when burning, is thrown on
the surface of the metal after skimming and
just before pouring.
STAMPINGS S
No matter how hard a stamping: problem you
put up to us, the chances are we can satisfy
you Many people use stampings in place of
castinf^s and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue print* and samples
and let us quote you.
The Silent'Partner Is an inter-
esting little magazine. We send
It free— when there's a reason
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPIN6 CO.
899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0,
The
Moreau Pulpwood Barker
The cheapest and most economical barking device on the
market to-day.
WASTE:116 to 18% according to size of wood.
POWER : 6 to 8 horse-power.
CAPACITY : Up to three cords per hour.
We have free demonstration of this barker at Montreal.
Call or write. 485 St. James Street.
Canada Ford Co.
The International Marine Signal Co. Plant and Products
By Halyard
Being nil Illustrated Description of a Canadiin Manufncturiny Corporation, Which has,
in a Few Years, by Dint of Ingenuity, Energy ami Purpose, Established Itself as a Lead-
ing Provider of Navigation Aids to the Mari'ime Nations of the World, and a Prominent
Producer of Fabricated Structural Steel Work, Steam Boilers, Tanks, Water Towers,
Bridges, Hoists, Cranes, Refrigerating and General Engineering Equipment.
'T'HE International Marine Signal Co.
plant is located in Ottawa, the Ca-
pital City of the Dominion of Canada. It
forms one of a number of large indus-
trial enterprises founu there, and Iniown
for their excellence of products through-
out the civilized world.
Establishment of the Works.
Consequent to the discovery of coni-
mereial acetylene by Tlioinas L. Willson,
of Ottawa, in 1892, and his successful
adaptation of it to the lighting: of gas
buoys, the new design of which was an-
other masterpiece evolved from the same
fertile brain, works were established in
the year 1907, to satisfy a world-wide
demand for this new development in
aids to navigation.
The success attained in the prelimin-
ary experimental and testing work was
such as to insure for those concerned
powerful financial support. The buibliui;-
.ind equipment were therefore designed
and arrangt;d to undertake all orders
economically, efficiently and expeditious-
ly. The officers and staS were selected
from among those whose record show-
ed them to be thoroughly qualified for
the work, of their particular department,
and the wisdom of the various choices
made has been amply demonstrated iu
the progress shown and extension of
field now operated.
Fig. 1 gives a general idea of the main
works building. Its total length is ra-
ther over 1,000 ft., thereby, affording
one an opportunity, to comprehend the
capacity available for manufacturing
purposes. Railroad facilities are large,
as may also be gathered from the same
picture, there being no less than four
companies concerned in the provision of
siding service. These consist of the
C.P.R., G.T.R., Ottawa Northern, Pon-
tiac and Pacific.
Works Enuipment.
■ Fig. 2 is an interior view of the works
building, and shows various buoy bodies
being assembled toward completion.
Two 25 ton electric traveling cranes
operate throughout the entire length of
the centre bay. One 10 ton electric tra-
veler takes care of each side, supple-
mented by a 5 ton hand crane. A rail-
road track through the centre bay, with
switches to the main lines already re-
ferred to, permits loading and unloading
to be done under cover and independent
of weather conditions.
Fig. 3 is. a picture of part of the ma-
chine shop, which contains an installa-
tion of the most modern and up-to-date
tools. The equipment of punches, shears,
drills and riveters, used in the fabrica-
tion of buoy bodies, tanks, water towers
boilers and general structural engineer-
ing, is also the latest word in that line.
Referring again to fig. 2, it will be
noted in the matter of daylight provi-
sion, that ample supply, from a good
arrangement of side wall windows and
roof skylinlits, is secured. Further, aiid
concerning artificial light, a well laid
out system of arc and incandescent
lamps gives satisfactory working facil-
ities.
Acetylene Gas Buoys.
It is advisable at this point, to say
something concerning the automatic low
pressure acetylene gas buoys and bea-
rig. 1 — View of main works building.
236
CANADIAN MACHINERY
cons manuiactured by the company. In
the interests of humanity and commerce,
every maritime nation, and every other
nation having a coast line, has recognis-
ed it to be their paramount duty to pro-
vide the best possible aids to naviga-
tion.
These are ot two principal kinds, first
—those located on shore, and second—
those afloat. Of the two, the latter is
to our mind of most importance. Float-
ing aids are usually placed outside of,
automatic in operation, and generate
their own gas under low pressure, with
one full charge of calcium carbide. This
latter varies in aniount according to
the size of the buoy, and gives a con-
tinuous light without diminution of
power, throughout a period of six to
nine months, without attendance.
The lantern, of best buoy type, is
equipped with a Fresnel lens, wliicli con-
denses the light into an intensely power-
ful and penetrating horizontal beam.
Fig. 2 — Interior view of section of works.
or between the vessel and the danger to
be avoided. Shore aids on the other
hand are usually behind the danger,
therefore the latter comes between the
vessel and the provision for prevention.
Apart from lightships, floating signals
are of two classes, first— lighted buoys ;
second— bell and whistling buoys. Pre-
vious to the introduction of acetylene
gas. the most practical system, and that
most generally used, was the storage of
high pressure oil-gas in welded steel
buoys. The manufacture of this gas,
took place on shore in the usual way.
It was then compressed into heavy steel
holders under high pressure. These hold-
ers, some 4 feet diameter by 30 feet
long, were then transported to each lo-
cation, and the gas pumped into each
buo) at a pressure of 150 lbs. per sq.
inch.
Buoys lit by acetylene gas find favor
with mariners, because the light is not
only from 30 to 100 times stronger, ac-
cording to t.he size of lantern, but also
for the reason that its sharp penetrat-
ing eRect, as compared with the oil
gas-lit buoy, enables them to discern
more certainly their location in thick,
heavy weather.
Explanation of Acetylene Lighting
System.
The lighting medium, as already stat-
ed, is acetylene gas, from which all im-
purities have been removed, by the use
of a special purifier made (or the pur-
pose by the company. The buoys are
Acetylene gas, as generally recognized,
gives greater candle power per cubic
foot than any otner gas, at the same
time the precise degree of increased
strength is not perhaps too well known.
Proven facts go to show that it is
seven times greater in candle power
than oil gas in compression, as used in
the oil-gas. type buoy. In addition to
superiority of light over the latter,
there is in addition provided a much
larger supply.
The charging and recharging of buoys
are simple and safe operations, easily
understood, and capable ot being- per-
^ formed in a comparatively short space
' of time. The system further obviates
the necessity for and expense of genera-
tion, compression and storage, which
form necessary adjuncts to the com-
pressed oil-gas systems. Calcium car-
bide, from which the acetylene gas is
o;eneratecl, is contained in sealed tins,
for easy transportation to each buoy
location.
Explosion dangers have been practic-
ally eliminated, as the gas pressure is
only a few pounds per square inch, being
unilor any circumstance, not more than
the pressure of water at the bottom of
the buoy generator tube, say 6 pounds
per square inch. The generator tube is.
constructed of heavy steel plate and
steel castings, thereby making the low
pressure carried absolutely safe. By
dipviing the calcium carbide in coal oil
when cliarsjing the buoy, the possibility
of even a slight explosion due to mois-
ture aflecting the carbide is entirely
avoided.
Inasmuch as the buoys generate their
own gas, they are independent of a con-
venient base ot supply, an important
consideration, which permits of very
isolated location, if need be. There are
no moving parts to the buoy, hence the
absence ot risk of its getting out ot
order, and the freedom with which it
can be left unattended for long periods.
Fl(f. 3 — Interior view of section of machine shop.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
237
Production of Acetylene Gas.
Acetylene gas is produced by three
methods. First — By bringing water into
contact with carbide. Second — By drop-
ping carbide into water. Third— By
evaporation, without the water being in
Contact with the carbide.
For buoy lighting', the evaporation
method was discarded, because consider-
with overhead or air bell, the automatic
beacon, and the automatic beacon with
explosive fog signal bell and whistle.
Combination Lighted and Whistling
Buoy — The whistling device, an addeil
feature of this type buoy, is an improve-
ment of the well-known "Courtenay"
principle. The construction and oper-
ation mav be .described as follows :— The
Fig. 4 — Interior view of drawing office.
ed unreliable lor long periods of ser-
vice in isolated positions, while the
carbide to water method was decided
against, on the g-round that moving
parts, liable to disorder, would be re-
quired. The system adopted was that
of a mo<lification of the water-to-car-
bide principle, and experience goes to
show the wisdom of the choice, in effici-
ency results.
On land, for house lighting, railway
lighting and other purposes, acetylene is
sometimes used in a state of high com-
pression- There are two different
methods. One is naked acetylene com-
pressed, and the other, acetylene com-
pressed in the presence of acetone. Care-
ful attention was given both these
methods, but as they appeared to have
very objectionable features, it was deem-
ed unwise to adopt them for buoy or
beacon use. Acetylene, while being
compressed and in the compressed state,
is highly iliingeious; proof of this is
found in the number of serious explos-
ions involving loss of life and danger to
property.
The purifier used enssures absolutely
T'urc jj-as, and obviates clogging or car
bonization of burners.
Types of Buoy, Construction and Opera
tion.
Among the various buoys, beacons,
etc., nuanufactured, are to be found the
following leading types.— The combina-
tion lighted and whistling buoy, the
combination lighted and whistling buoy
float chamber of the buoy is fitted with
two large air compressing tubes, open at
the bottom and sufficiently long, to ex-
tend to the comparatively still water
underneath the waves. The upper end of
the tubes is closed, and each of the
said ends is connected to a valve casing,
on the top of which, a large and power-
ful whistle is bolted. In absolutely still
water, the level of the water inside the
tubes, is the same as the level of the
water outside the float chamber. When
the buoy rises on a wave, the air space
above the water in the tubes is increas-
ed, in a ratio corresponding to the
height the buoy rises, and air is drawn
in through the ball check valves in the
valve casing, to fill the increased space.
When the buoy descends on the wave,
this air is expelled through the whistle,
giving a powerful blast. The amount of
air available for blowing the whistle in
this type of buoy is determined by the
horizontal area of the compressing tubes.
In the combination buoy, the area is 7
sq. ft.
This buoy is of massive and heavy con-
struction and may be equipped with the
largest sized lanterns— 375 m.m. or 500
ni.m. The combiiiation of light and
whistle, each of great power, constitutes
a floating aid to navigation comparable
only with lightships.
Lighted Buoy with Overhead or Air
Bell. — In this type, the ordinary lighted
buoy is equipped with an overhead bell,
fixed within the lantern support. The
bell is sounded by an arrangement of 4
rolling balls, running in bronze cylinders
and impinging on steel strikers, adjust-
ed at proper distance from the bell. The
strikers are held in position by corru-
gated diaphragms bolted to the openings
of the cylinders, which keep the latter
water-tight, and the balls always effec-
tive. This system is adopted in loca-
tions where ice is liable to form, and is
modified under other conditions, by hav-
ing an overhead bell struck on its outer
rim, through the medium of 4 arms,
operated also by the action of the buoy
in the water.
Automatic Beacons. — Beacons for lo-
cations on river banks, sea shores, iso-
lated rocks, etc., are automatically
operated by acetylene gas, their con-
struction being such that their placing
on any desired position, calls for little
preparatory U-ork. The low pressure
system of gas generation is adopted, as
Fisr- 5— Interior view of lantern testing room.
238
CANADIAN M A C II 1 N E R Y
(or the buoys, and the same features of
reliability, ease of handling and dur-
ation of lighting period applies as well.
ExplosiTe Fog Signal, Bell and
Whistle. — This apparatus is intended
for occasional use only, as found neces-
sary on account oi fog conditions, and
consists of a bell or whistle, operated
the deck of the float chamber ; a lanver-i
(4), a purifier chamber (5), located at
the top of the generator, and a counter-
weight (6), attached to the bottom of
the generator lube, to give the buoy the
necessary stability. The generator (1),
has a diaphragm (7), a few feet from the
bottom of the tube. The centre of this
KIg. 10— Marine boiler.
automatically by the explosion of ace-
tylene gas at predetermined intervals.
Detail of Bnoy Constmction.
The buoy Fig. 6 consists of a gas gen-
erator tube of steel (1), supported by a
steel float chamber (2), a lantern sup-
port (3), made of steel, and attached to
Tig- 0— 8e<"tloniil vipw of buoy.
diaphragm is fitted with u cimcally
sealed valve (8), which is shown open.
This valve is mounted on a valve stem
(9), which passes up through the centre
of the generator and through the gen-
erator 'head (10). The upper end of this
valve stem is fitted with a hexagon nut
(11), just above the generator head ; the
part of the stem passing through the
generator head has a keyway cut into
it, and a spline is fitted into the gen-
erator head, engaging the keyway, so
that, when the nut (11) is turned to
close or open the valve, the stem carniot
turn — it can only move up or down. A
stop collar (12) is attached to the ex-
treme top end of the valve stem, with
the object of preventing the nut (11)
from being turned so far as to drop the
valve and valve stem.
To prevent leakage of gas when the
buoj- is in operation, a cap (14) is
screwed down upon the generator head
against a rubber packing. This cap is
long enough to permit of the valve stem
(9) being raised or lowered so that the
valve (8) may be adjusted to give an
opening suitable for the conditions un-
der which the buoy may be working.
The valve stem is enclosed within a
guard pipe (13), to protect it fronm the
carbide, and it works through a guide
bar (24), which is bolted to shelf an-
gles at the side of the generator tube.
In the centre of the diaphragm and sur-
rounding the valve (8) is fitted a grid
(23), which prevents small pieces of car-
bide, which may pass through the grate
(16), from falling into the water and
wasting their gas. This grid (23) acts
also as a valve seat, and is provided
with a rubber packing (15), which is
held in a groove in the seat, and pro-
jects sufficiently to make a good joint
with the valve (8) when it is closed,
even if it be foul. A steel grate (16),
upon which the carbide rests, is attach-
Fi(f. 8.— Application of Colored Glass lo Lantern.
ed to the inside of the generator, a sihort
distance above the diaphragm.
Operation of the Bnoy.
The generator (1) is filled witih cal-
cium carbide in large crystals, 8 in. by
4 in., as shown in Figure 6, and thq
buoy placed in the water wutta the valve
(8) open, and the valve cap (14) screw-
ed down. The water enters the gener-
ator tube through tihe hole shown in the
centre of the counterweight (6), and pas-
ses through the valve up to the carbide
resting upon the grate. The contact of
the water with the carbide immediately
produces gas, which passes up through
the carbide, into the purifier chamber,
where all impurities and dust are remov-
Fit, 9.— Flashliiiht Mechanism for Lanttrn.
CANADIAN .MACHINERY
239
ed ; thence it proceeds through the small
valve (17) and pipe (18), to the lantern
(4), to which the pipe is connected hy
the coupling (19).
If gas is produced faster than consum-
ed by the lantern, it accumulates in the
generator at an increasing pressure
which gradually forces the water away
from the carbide, and stops generation.
In the figure the water is shown in this
position. As the surplus of gas is con-
sumed hy the lantern, the gas pressure
gradually decreases, thus permitting the
water to come in contact again with the
carbide, when generation is resumed. In
this manner the buoy is absolutely auto-
matic in operation. From the moment
the charged buoy is placed in the water
with the valve open there is always a
sufficiency of gas, and never too much
to cause trouble.
Lantern.
Figure 7 shows in section the con-
struction of the lantern and the pres-
sure regulator. The light is given by a
cluster of flat flames with round pilot
flames. Surrounding the burner is a
Fresnel lens which give to the lantern
its property of projecting a beam of
light to a great distance.
Colored glasses may be applied to the
lanterns without material alteration,
see figure 8, which illustrates the appli-
cation of' colored glass to them. The
glass is seciirely set in the inner frame
A, which fits within the stand B, and is
secured by a bayonet joint and locking
spring C. The glass can therefore be
quickly removed from or applied to, a
lantern without the removal of the
stand B. Red or green glasses can be
fitted, as desired, and applied to either
fixed or flash-light lanterns.
Flash-light mechanisms are used on
these lanterns and are convertible, figure
9. -A is the inlet of the gas fron^i the
lantern regulator. The supply of gas to
the pilot tips H, which burn constantly,
is by way of the pipe C. Pipe B leads
to the flash apparatus, and, after pass-
ing through the latter, the gas is con-
ducted through flange D and the pipe E
to the flat flame burners I.
These flashing apparatus are adjusted,
to give equals intervals of light and
darkness, usually periods of two seconds
each in the 200 M.M. lanterns and five
seconds in the others. The period of
darkness can be varied by adjusting the
screw F figure 9, but the period of light
can only be changed by increasing or de-
creasing the rate of consumption of gas,
or by reconstructing the apparatus.
When being used as a flash-light, the set-
screw or needle-valve K is kept closed.
Should it be desired to convert the lan-
tern into a fixed light, simply open K,
and the gas will pass directly to the
burners I. On flashing apparatus the
small pilot tips of the cluster serve as
ignition flames, and are supplied with
gas through the pipe C fig. 9 and burn
continuously.
Burners.
The burner cluster is a special arrange-
ment of flat flames to give the best ef-
fect through the lens. The main bur-
ners are of the flat flame type, and
the pilots are of the round flame type.
TJ.e main burners and the pilots are set
into a bronze casting, which is fitted
with screw conical valves for adjusting
each pilot flame:
just the lanterns for each individual
location requirement. Further, in this
connection, thei'e is provided at the
shops a water tank 20x15x20 feet, into
whieii all buoys with tiieir full equip-
ment are placed, and subjected to such
tests as are likely to be service condi-
tions ill all weathers.
Other Lines of Manufacture.
Besides buoys, a number of other lines
are manufactured and represented.
Steel strucUiral work of all kinds is
Fig.
-Sectlouul view of lantern.
Designing and Testing.
Figs. 4 and 5 are interior view^s of the
drawing office and testing departments
respectively. In the former, from 10
t(i 12 draughtsmen are constantly em-
liloyed on the . design and detailed ar-
raugemeiit of the various forms of appar-
atus and equipment manufactured. In
tile latter, expert mechanics test and ad-
fabricated and erected, while tank work,
land and marine boilers, form special
departments through which a consider-
able business is done.
In the more strictly machinery line,
crane work of all descriptions is under-
taken. Filtering, iceinaking and refrig-
erating machinery, as manufactured by
(lie Pulsometer Engineei-ing Co., Eng-
240
land, and the Petter Oil Engine, are two
of the important Canadian agencies held
by the company, and throu^ both of
which a profitable demand is being met.
Thomas L. Willson is president and
John Bain secretary. The former, as
already stated, being the discoverer of
commercial acetylene and the latter a
gentleman of matured business manage-
ment experience in several successful
enterprises. Both have been connected
with the company since its inception,
and much of its success and present pro-
minence is due to their combined efforts.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
foundry it lias been found that this type
of appHvatus is perfectly adapted for
the same reasons which make it attrac-
tive for blast furnace service.
Extreme Steadiness of Blast.
One of the important points in con-
nection with this apparatus, is the ex-
treme steadiness of the blast. You are,
of course, aware that the steady melt-
ing of iron and the steady descent of the
charge from the cupola are dependent
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR FOR
CUPOLA USE.
By Richard H. Rice, West Lj'nn, Mass.
1^ HE problem of proper air supply
^ for the operation of a foundry cup-
ola is in many respects analogous to
that of a blast furnace. The latter,
however, requires much larger volumes
of air, and under more arduous condi-
tions, because its operation is continu-
ous for many months. The foundry
cupola on the other hand, is in opera-
tion only a few hours each day. Again,
foundry cupola conditions are improv-
ed, due to the differences between the
physical characteristics of the charge of
pig iron, as compared with those of the
ores charged in the blast furnace. We
find the blast conditions in the cupola
much more uniform, therefore the re-
quirements for its proper operation un-
der all conditions can be met by ap-
paratus which produces practically a
constant pressure. In blast furnace ap-
paiatns. constant volume is the prime
requisite, and apparatus must be pro-
vided capable of working under a con-
siderable range of pressure, in cider to
meet the fluctuating conditions.
Results From Blast Fnmaces.
Centrifugal compressors, of the same
general type as that which I wish to
bring to your attention, consisting of
cne or more rotating impellers in series,
taking air at atmospheric pressure and
compressing it as required, to say 12 or
15 pounds average, and 25 to 30 pounds
maximum pressure, with provision for
a constant rate, have been used on blast
furnaces for some five or six years in
England and on the Continent. No
machines, however, were put on a blast
furnace in this country, of the type
mentioned, previous to March, 1910.
The first machine was put to service at
the plant of the Empire Steel & Iron
Co., Oxford Furnace, N. J., and was
found to be absolutely adapted for the
requirements of blast furnace blowing.
A number of machines are under con-
struction for similar situations of vari-
ous capacities, because of the good re-
salts obtained by this first installation.
Similarly, on cupola work in the iron
Type T-1-800-1-3450 Centritueal Compressor Driven
by Type Kt. 2-5 h.p. 3600 R.P.M. Induction
Motor. Index E-318.64— E-3U.4.
on the maintenance of uniform condi-
tions of air pressure, because the charge
in the cupola is, to some extent, sup-
jjorted by the pressure of the blast, and
if this varies, the charge is likely to
descend in a more or less irregular man-
ner. Such irregular descent of the
charge means unsatisfactory working of
the cupola, therefore, the uniform,
steady blast produced by the centrifugal
compressor, produces more ideal condi-
tions of melting.
High and Maintained Efficiency.
Another point of importance, is the
high efficiency of the centrifugal com-
pressor, maintained after long periods
of sei-vice. This is due to improvements
in design, as compared with centrifugal
fans used also for this purpose, but
wasteful in power absorbed. The im-
provement over centrifugal fans con-
sists in changing the velocity, by ii
gradual slowing down of the air, in :\
definite manner, without production o1'
eddies.
The apparatus is capable of maintain-
ing its high efTieiency because there are
no rubbing surfaces. The impeller is
the only moving part, and since it ro-
tates with ample clearance on all sides,
it always compresses air with the same
efficiency. The parts which slow the air
flown are stationary and not .subject
to wear, therefore, no matter how long
the machine be in operation, the effici-
ency will remain absolutely unchanged.
Actual Efficiencies Obtained.
As regards actual efliciences obtained,
let us discuss this question in compari-
son with other forms of cupola blowing
apparatus. I do not propose, however,
to enter into technical or scientific dis-
cussions of the question, because strictly
scientific comparison is difficult, owing
to the fact that the positive pressure
blower commonly used discharges its air
in the form of a pulsation or wave at
varying pressure in the discharge pipe,
nnd is consequently difficult to test for
volume. The usual method of deter-
mining the volume discharged by a posi-
tive pressure blower, is to calculate the
displacement of the impellers per revo-
lution, and from this by determination
of the speed, estimate the quantity of
air which is discharged. The quantity
so found is called "displacement air."
Such experiments as we have been able
to make, indicate that the displacement
air may be .15 or 20 per cent, in excess
of the actual quantity delivered by the
blower.
The means available to test the
volume of air discharged by apparatus
of this nature do not give a true aver-
age, and therefore are not sufficiently
accurate to give a thoroughly scientific
test. Approximations can be made, but
these are always in favor of the positive
pressure or reciprocating machine, since
the quantities of air given are always
excessive. However, if precautions are
taken to measure the pressure and
volume at the end of a long pipe of large
capacity, so that the fluctuations in flow
and pressure are reduced to a consider-
able extent, fairly accurate results are
possible.
It is legitimate to operate blowers of
different types on a furnace under exact-
ly the same conditions, to determine
their power input and furnace output in
tons of iron melted. This method forms
an excellent means of comparing appar-
Type T-700-72-3500-Fortn O Centrifugal Air Com-
pressor Coupled to 50 h.p. Curtis Steam Turbine,
from A-5. Running at 3500 R.P.M. . for 110
Pounds Boiler Pressure.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
241
atus. Such comparisons have been made
between the fan blower, the positive
compressor blower and the cen-
trifugal blower, with the re-
sult that the power input
required to melt down the same
quantity of iron is less with the centri-
fugal compressor than that of the others.
The positive pressure blower comes
nearest to the compressor, but there is
still a reasonable margin of difference
in favor of the latter.
Centrifugal Compressor Superiority.
The following points of superiority
are claimed for the centrifugal compres-
sor cupola blower.
1. High efficiency. 2. Maintained
efficiency. 3. Uniform, steady blast,
producing steady, uniform operation of
the furnace. Other advantages exist,
but of somewhat less importance, such
as less floor space, less weight, fewer
bearings and less maintenance, because
less wear. The centrifugal compressor
has two bearings, automatically lubri-
cated, which do not come into metallic
contact, and, therefore, do not wear.
Description of Centrifugal Compressor.
The apparatus consists of a sliaft sup-
ported in two bearings, carrying on one
end an impeller of the most rugged and
substantial construction, and on the
other, between the bearings, the rotor
of an electric motor, or turbine wheel of
a steam turbine. In the case of motor
drive, alternating or direct current may
be used. In the ease of a steam turbine
the sfeam may be of any pressure from
300 pounds upward, and may be dis-
charged into the atmosphere, or be run
condensing. The high speed motors
used are built along lines which are the
result of extended experience and are
reliable and satisfactory. The steam
turbines are of great simplicity and high
efficiency. Since compressor and tur-
bine show best efficiency when running
at high speed, their combination is most
desirable.
Difficulties Encountered.
The principal difficulty met in the in-
stallation of such compressors has been
that the air requirements were over-
estimated by the purchaser. In many
cases, the apparatus installed was found
to be too large. This is
due to the fact that all
data compiled on cupola air require-
ments has been based on displacement.
T sts were made under my direction on
a cupola melting iron in an efficient fa-
shion, and it was found that the quan-
tity of air required showed considerably
less than that usually reckoned. For in-
stance, the established rule in the selec-
tion of positive pressure blowers for
iron foundry cupolas is based on an
allowance of 30,000 cubic feet displace-
ment for one ton of iron. This has been
reinforced by computations of the num-
ber of cubic feet of air required for
burning one pound of carbon to CO^,
and by the further experimental fact
that one pound of coke is sufficient to
melt ten pounds of iron. The computa-
tion which is the basis of the state-
ment that 1.30 cubic feet of air are re-
quired per pound of carbon burned to
CO2 assunres that coke is pure carbon,
which is not the case. Coke contains
only about 90 per cent, carbon, and is
not all burned to CO^. A gi'eat deal is
burned to CO, requiring only about 90
per cent, of the air required if the whole
were burned to COj. The result of these
qualifications is that only 80 per cent,
of the theoretical amount of air above
computed is actually needed. This' 80
per cent, efficiency of the air necessary
is also about the difference between the
actual air discharged by a positive pres-
sure blower and the computed or dis-
l^lacemeut air, therefore the rule is cor-
rect for positive pressure blowers, but
not so for computations of the actual
quantity needed. The tests mentioned
confirm these figures. They showed that
one pound of coke would melt from 10
to 12 pounds of iron, the variation be-
ing apparently due to the difference in
temperature of the iron tapped off. The
conclusion is that the ratio of one to ten,
as commonly used, is reasonably correct.
Accurate Test Measurements.
The tests involved accurate measure-
ments of the quantity of air passing
into the cupola, and showed that 24,000
cubic feet of air was sufficient to melt
a ton of iron, or 400 cubic feet of air
per minute would be required for each
ton per hour. This figure agrees exactly
with the 30,000 cubic feet of displace-
ment air usually assumed in positive
jiressure blower work at a volumetric
efficiency of 80 per cent. Enough tests
have been made to warrant the state-
ment that these figures are correct, and
should be used in proportioning blowers
for cupolas made on the centrifugal
compressor design.
Tests made by the above method on
apparatus delivering a steady blast
without pulsations are extremely accur-
ate, the accuracy being such that a pos-
sible error of one to two per cent, is the
limit.
A NEW HOSE COUPLING.
The Noon Universal Coupler Co-, Kent
Building, and 35 Richmond street E.,
Toronto, have introduced a hose coup-
ling of novel design. It is one of the
probably few couplers on the market,
which has the hose inserted in the
shank, instead of vice-versa. The method
adopted has these and other important
advantages. The hose cannot blow out,
since the higher the pressure, the more
tightly is the hose gripped. Further,
the full area of the hose is always avail-
able, due to the shank of the coupling
being outside instead oi inside.
The two halves of the coupler aje
joined by a double thread of i inch
square section; IJ turns completely lock-
ing the device. Gaskets are rendered
unnecessary, by bringing the end of the
hose about 3-16 inch beyond the end
Fie. 1.— Noon Hose Coupling.
of the screw thread in the female part
of the coupler, and about 1-16 inch in
the male part. Both ends of the hose
are thus forced firmly together, and
make a tight joint. From this, it will
be noted, that water, air, steam, etc.,
passing through the hose, never comes
in metallic contact, with the result that
risk of freezing up is reduced to a
minimum.
Fig. 2 shows the method of inserting
the hose. Part of the shank, in both
halves of coupler, is removable, and has
FIb. 2.— Noon Universal Coupler.
a lip at the front, which engages inside
the end of the screwed portion, .\fter
the hose is inserted through the gap and,
the cover replaced, a wire is twisted
round the neck of the shank.
H. B. Tilley, manager of the Bruce
Peebles Co., Manchester, England, has
left for an extended business tour in
Canada on behalf of his firm. Mr. Til-
ley will visit all places of importance in
the Dominion, and expects to be away
for a year.
Mr. A. W. Wheatley has been appoint-
ed general manager of the Canadian Lo-
comotive Co., Ltd., of Kingston, Ont.
Mr. Wheatley has been manager of the
Brooks plant of the American Locomo-
tive Company at Dunkirk, N.Y.
•1A2
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The Standardization of Design and Details
By Harold Smith, Toronto
This Article is the Third of the Series; the First Having Ap-
peared in Our July Issue. The Writer is an Expert on Stand-
ardization Work; and Consequently Speaks with Confidence,
Born of Experience. Machinery Manufacturers, on a Large
or Small Scale. Will Find the Different Subjects Treated,
Both Interesting and Profitable.
'T*HE design of a piece of machinery
*■ must meet two fundamental condi-
tions:
1.— It must be efficient, i.e., success-
fully perform the work required of it.
3.— It must be commercial, i.e., so ar-
ranged that it can be produced at low-
est Cost.
The first condition admits of great
latitude in design; the second narrows it
down to certain limitations, peculiar in
some extent to tlie shops where it is to
be imde, and depending on the apparatus
and material available for doing so.
From a production point of view, a
machine consists of tWo classes of parts
those which are • standard, and those
which are variable; the quantity made
determining into which class it falls.
Thus, in a factory manufacturing only
specialized lines, every part being of
Cktcnsion Brkckct.
SeU OUing Bearing.
necessity handled in quantities, is stan-
dard; hence the commercial cost can be
got down low, because the volume of
business warrants special tools, pays ton
their initial cost.
On the other hand, in a factory which
Cannot specialise on account of handling
a general business in a relatively res-
tricted market, the machinery produced
is to a large extent in variable units,
and the parts of which it is composed,
are as a rule, made in quantities too
small to warrant much special tool
equipment. Further, for a given busi-
ness turnover, there is more drafting,
clerical and supervision expense involv-
ed in the latter than in the former. For
the one factory, $1,000 worth of busi-
ness might mean 1,000 pieces put
throui^ on 10 orders, and in the other,
1,000 pieces on 100 orders An indivi-
dual order requires approximately the
same amount of non-produclivc expense,
labor and attention for a number of
pieces as for one piece.
Standardization is then adm'ttedly an
important factor in enabling a shop to
produce articles at a low commercial
cost, and every effort should be made to
introduce it where possible. At the
same time, care should be taken that
the fundamental idea of efficiency is not
endangered.
Standardization Applications.
We have standardization for pieces in
common usuage, which are sold under
the title of supplies, such as valves,
pipe fittings, etc. From their standard
parts, we can build up any number of
Variable pip'ug combinations. It is not
suggested that a piping arrangement is
a machine, but the elementary ideas of
production are analogous.
We have here standard parts, valves,
flanges, elbows, plugs, etc., which can
be manufactured in lots. Variable
items, as lengths of pipe, must be made
to order. The whole forms a variable
unit which will of necessity be "handled
in small quantities, yet by reason of
the standard parts, may be produced at
low cost. In a similar way, most
machinery can be analysed into stand-
ard components, fundamental either to
mechanism generally or to a particular
machine, and into those which are vari-
able. The best commercial design be-
ing that which uses to advantage the
largest proportion of standard pieces.
Standardization docs not mean an
awkward looking creation, in fact rath-
er the contrary, for it makes for uni-
formity of appearance, in any particu-
lar firm's product. The idea of the sec-
tional book Case, as developed by furni-
ture manufacturers is a good illustra-
tion of the advantages of standardiza-
tion What is to them a great advant-
age from a manufacturing point of view,
in that they can cover a maximum of
combination with a minimum of stand-
ard parts (and incidentally of stock), is
put to serve as a strong selling point.
Standardized Self-Oiling Bearing.
As a typical illustration of the possi-
bilities of standardization in design,
take a seli-oiling bearing. This in a
general way consists of 8 parts as per
illustrations; of which only one need
be variable. The oil sling, locating
screw, oil lid, hinge pin, brass cap,
bearing bush and oil ring may be kept
the same, whether the bearing is carried
in a pedestal or not. The end shield,
extensioJi bracket, frame, etc., are vari-
able according to the machinery to be
designed.
It is obvious that if such a scheme
were carried out persistently, in course
of time a demand for these standard parts
would be created and warrant their be-
,End Shield
For Mc>~or.
Self Oiling Bearing.
sing made in stock lots. Even if this be
not attainable in all cases, it is a great
advantage for the shop to have their
rLoCATINCx Sct^EW
oiu Lid
Cap
WlNCi
BtiKfixNa Bush
0/4. Ring,
' PEnZSTM.
Self oiling Bearing.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
243
variety limited. Pattern expense is
saved, and it may be noted in tiiis par-
ticular case that the same core box
will do for all the bearings.
This particular illustration would ef-
fect following economies:
Economies Effected.
Oil Sling.— This has to be machined
all over (an awkward shaped profile)
and shrunk on to the shafts. Made
singly, it would be produced from a
brass casting and machined in an engine
lathe. Made for stock it can be cut
from steel tube, using a profile cutter
• and hollow spindle lathe.
Locating Screw.— Purchased in either
Case, but excess quantity bought, is
dead stock in one and live in the other
systemi.
Oil Lid.— Singly, cast from wood pat-
tern. For stock, cast 18 at a time
from metal spray pattern, castings are
accordingly much cheaper.
Hinge Pin.— Same as locating screw.
Cap— Singly, a circular plate would
be cut from stiff sheet brass and fasten-
ed to oil box with machine screws. For
stock, all stamped, like a can lid, and
from scrap sheet iron of thin gauge. No
screws used.
Hearing Bush— Singly, machined in
brass lathe without special tools. In
lots, use can be made of boring bars,
cutters and reamers, also special expan-
sion mandril.
Oil King.— Singly, in brass lathe. Cast-
ings being uneven, have to be machined
all over, a fair amount of scrap result-
ing. In stock lots, cast from metal
plate pattern, so close that they only
require boring (9 at one setting) in a
box chuck and touching on sides with a
disc gihuler. Very li;tle scrap made.
Total saving $1.70 per bearing.
Relative Total Production Cost l^-in.
Bearing.
Item. Singly. Stock Lots.
Oil sling 50 cents 20 cents
Locating screw ... Same for both.
Oil lid 8 cents 1 cent
Hinge pin Same for both
Cap 15 cents 2 cents
Bush $2.00 $1.10
Oil Ring ,^0 cents 20 cents
Total .savinnf .$1.70 per bearintt.
Full advantage should be taken of
what can be purchased already standard-
ized, by other manufacturers, such as
eye bolts, keys, bolts, screws, brass
fittings, shaft collars, dowel pins, etc.,
as against making them up for any job.
Standardized Carbon Brushes on D.C.
Motors.
A further example which illustrates
forcibly, how much can be standardized
when it has to be done is the British
Admiralty rule with regard to carbon
brushes for direct current motors used
on battleships. They allow three sizes
of brush only. These are stocked by
them as ordinary supplies, and served
out to ships in any part of the world,
without danger of misfit.
When it is appreciated, that they are
buying motors from at least 25 to 30
firms and that each of these has at
least 5 or 6 standard motor brushes of
their own, the wisdom of the rule will
be apparent. They stock three sizes,
where otherwise they would have 100 to
150. Besides, there is less danger of
leaving some particular ship out of
brushes on a distant station. In this
instance standardization makes order
out of a '^^^y probable chaos.
Their standards are furthermore ar-
ranged, so that the largest brush cut in
half makes 2 of the next size, and that
in turn cut in half, makes 2 of the size
smaller. All of the brushes are of
course, rectanguhar.
The successful operation of a DC
motor is largely dependent on its prop-
er Commutation. This is established by
having width of brush, pitch of bars and
volts reactance finely proportioned. It
required a strong hand to force such
standards on electrical manufacturers,
each with their own peculiar technical
Points, and which in the ordinary way.
they would insist on, as essential.
Summed up generally, a workshop
which standardizes, is put in a position
where it can "manufacture," as against
one where it can only "make."
LARGE STEEL CASTINGS.
Two large and interesting steel cast-
ings were recently made at the works of
the Joliette Steel & Iron Foundry Co.,
Joliette, P.Q. They consisted of Y pipe
connections for the intake of a 10,500
horse power Doble impulse water wheel,
and were to the order of the John Mc-
Dougall Caledonian Iron Works, Mon-
treal, who are building the wheel. Each
casting weighed 10,000 pounds. The
Joliette Steel & Iron Foundry Co. start-
ed operations at the beginning .of the pres-
ent year, and have equipment and facili-
ties capable of turning out castings up
to 15 tons. S. Vessot, a gentleman prom-
inent in connection with Joliette inter-
ests, is president of the company, while
J. D. Query, who lias had a wide experi-
ence in steel foundry practice, is in
charge of the company's Montreal of-
fice.
lion in other cities if successful. The
wheels of the new cars are fitted with
rubber tires and are attached to the
overhead wires by a double trolley arm.
The overhead equipment cost about .$6,-
000 per mile and the cost of each vehicle
is about equal to that of an ordinary
tramway car. The double trolley arm,
acting on a swivel, pennits of liberal de-
viation on either side of the road, thus
allowing the vehicle to wind in and out
of the traffic when necessary. Each
car is made to iiold 28 passengers. Only
one entrance is provided and the driver
.sits in front in charge of the controller
and steering wheel, and at the same time
collects the fare from each passenger on
entering.
As there is no metal track to be laid
down and kept in repair, the running
cost is expected to be considerably less
than that of the ordinary cars. This
type of car has been introduced to meet
the requirements of certain outlying dis-
tricts, which owing to their thinly scat-
tered population could not maintain an
ordinary service with profit. In these
cases, it is thought that the system of
rail-less traction with its low cost of
niaintetiance, can be advantageously em-
ploved both to the benefit of the trim-
way service and the community. The
city of Dundee, Scotland, is also in-
stalling a similar equipment.
LEAD PENCIL EQUALS TWO-MILE
FREIGHT HAUL.
-A. new method of demonstrating to
employes the importance of saving small
things, is set forth by the Pere Mar-
quette Railroad in the current issue of
the railroad employes' magazine. Where
several other roads have shown their
employes how five or ten cents a day
may be saved, the Pere Marquette pre-
sents a table showing the cost of various
small articles commonly wasted, in
terms of mileage for a ton of freight.
Every time a postage stamp is used
needlessly the company must haul a ton
of freight 3i miles. Other simple exam-
ples are: Lead pencil, 2 miles; track
spike, 2 miles ; one lamp abimney, 10^
miles ; station broom, 35 miles ; lantern
'00 miles ; track shovel, 90 miles ; 100
pounds of coal, 20 miles ; one gallon en-
gine oil, 50 miles.
RAIL LESS STREET CARS.
Tiie first rail-less street cars propelled
l>y electricity to be used in England have
.just been installed by the City Council
of Leeds. Tlie system at present is an
experimental one and is being closely
watched witli a view to its early adop-
A farewell dinner and presentation
was tendered K. A. McKenzie at the En.-
gineers' Club by the Alumni Society of
the faculty of applied science of the Uni-
versity of Toronto on the evening of
August 16. He left that evening for the
west. He will proceed to Vancouver,
B.C., where on the 15th of September
he takes up a position with a Vancouver
syndicate, which is taking up the devel-
opment of some large water-powers in
British Columbia.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
DRILLING TAPER HOLES.
By J. H., Hamilton.
LOCOMOTIVE axle boxes are fre-
quently babbitted on the face that
goes next to the wheel hub, and one
method of holding the babbit in place is
to provide a number of shallow recesses
which are larger at the bottom than at
the top as shown at D. These recesses
are generally cored out, but at the shops
of the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo
Railway, they are drilled by means of
the two drills illustrated. The flat drill
A, with small pilot point and cutting
edge performs the first operation as
shown at B, while the second flat drill
C, finishes the hole as shown at D.
The point on C has no cutting edge,
being round. The axle box is not secur-
ed to the drill table in any way; there-
fore, when the point on drill C is brought
down, 80 as to just engage the shoulder
of the small conical pilot hole formed by
the cutting point of A, the box is gradu-
ally forced over under the influence of
the feed until the centre of the hole
coincides with the centre of the drill,
and results in the offset edge of the
drill cutting the side of the recess par-
allel with the slope of the pilot cone. In
the example illustrated, the hole is 1%
inches diameter at the top, and l^z
inches diameter at the bottom.
and therefore the main nut is securely
locked. The additional holes in part
A, allow the main nut to be tightened
up 1-24 of a complete turn, and their
location is obtained by dividing the
quarter circle into six equal parts, and
A CROSS-HEAD NUT LOCK.
By A. B., Stratford.
In this locking device, the circular
plate A, has a hexagon cut out at the
centre, which fits the nut on the cross-
head pin. Two studs, B in the cross-
head, prevent the plate from turning.
drilling them at the first four points so
determined.
Where appearance is of no conse-
quence, a good deal of weight may be
saved by cutting off the plate A, along
the dotted lines..
A SIMPLE CHUCK.
By G. L. M., Montreal.
The chuck which we describe and il-
lustrate, is suitable for small milling
cutters, chucking reamers, drills, etc. It
exerts a powerful grip on the tool, and
has proved highly satisfactory in ser-
vice. The sketch shows the construc-
tion so clearly, that little detail explana-
tion is necessary, beyond remarking that
the bushing or collet has four slots cut
to within Vi inch of the end, to enable
the screwed cap to compress it upon
the shank of the milling cutter or other
tool. The collet is preferably made of
crucible steel, and hardened.
AN ADJUSTABLE HOLLOW MILL.
By R. A. S., Toronto.
An adjustable hollow milling tool,
having an extra independent cutter is a
handy*appliance to have around a shop.
The one illustrated, consists of a cast
iron stock, Fig. 1, slotted on the face
for the cutters, Fig. 6. These are ad-
justed by means of the cam ring Fig.
;., and a clamping ring, Fig. 4, fixes both
to the face of the stock, as shown in
Fig. 2.
The independent cutter is not engaged
by the cam ring, but is operated by the
handle and lever shown in assembly
drawings, Figs. 5 and 6. Fig. 7 shows
On the left, one of the adjustable cut-
ters, and on the rig'ht, the independent
cutter., The latter has its cutting edge
shaped to suit the nature of the job re-
quired, and is forced down on the work,
after the regular cutters have reduced
the stock to size. An example of work
that may be done by the independent
CroMbcad Nut Lock.
Simple Chuck.
— r- -jl, I CUT FRO
Four suots,
"ROM
N^Te Ends.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
245
cutter, is a notched shaft, shown in Fig.
8.
The tool has a large range of adjust-
ment, with each set of cutters. Thus,
a 1 inch null, will reduce from 1 intih lo
9-16 inch diameter, with one set of cut-
ters. It will be noted, that the cut-
ter shoulders against the cam ring at
A, thereby ensuring at all poin'ts of ad-
make it easy to readjust cutters to the
desired size.
By replacing the regular cutters with
suitable dies, the mill can be n>ade into
a first-class adjustable threading die. A
handle may be attached to the periphery
of the cam ring, to open the dies when
the full length of thread has been cut,
thus Saving the time and risk involved,
out of centre with the screw, .so that
when the latter is fully down, plug B
will move slig-htly lengthways and clamp
tii-mly the g'auge rod F, in hole C. (1
is a plug, driven in to close the end of
the hole. Gauge rod F may be used in
either of the holes CC; the one near the
end being very useful when working
close to a shoulder.
Fig. 1 — Adjustable liollow mill.
Fip. 2— Adjustable hollow mill.
justment, a solid body to securely hold
them and prevent their springing away
from the cut. This arrangement makes
the tool quite as suitable for heavy
cuts as tor work requiring fine adjust-
ment.
To adjust the cutters to size, or to
remove them from the mill, it is only
necessary to slacken the screws in the
clamping ring, half a turn, and revolve
the cam ring in the required direction
by means of its knurled edge. When re-
moving them, the cam ring is turned
round, until it disengages with the
grooves A. The cutters then fall down.
Fig. 3 — Adjustable hollow mill.
and may be taken out through the cen-
tre. After being ground, they are re-
turned to place in like manner. Gradua-
tions on the clamping and cam rings,
. J
J
c
Fig. 7 — Adjustable hollow mill.
in running back the dies off the thread.
A United States patent for this device
is held by R. A. Schrag, 12 Neipawa
avenue, Toronto.
A DEPTH GAUGE.
By Chas. Hattenberger, Buffalo.
The cut shows a form of depth gauge,
made and found useful by the writer, in
die work. The body A, of tool steel,
lias a 1/4 inch hole drilled down its centre
to a depth of about 2^ inches. B, is a
piece of i inch drill rod, which should
be an easy fit when inserted in the abovei
mentioned hole. C.C. are two 1-8 inch
holes.
In making the gauge, one hole C is
first drilled through the gauge body and
1 /' w^
•
F
c
>■
m
"' aT^II llY-'i^&'II
pi
3
m
U
li' P
•■
A depth gauge.
1'
plug B. Then a piece of i inch wire is
inserted to keep the latter in place,
after which the second hole C is drilled.
Plug B is next removed, and a hole
drilled and tapped at D for a No. 8-32
thumb screw. At this point, B is re-
placed, and wires again inserted in
holes C.C. Through the tapped hole
D, mark off the position of the angular
notch E, with which the point oi the
thumb screw engages.
It is advisable to file notch E a little
ROUGHING-OUT IRREGULAR
SHAPES ON A LATHE.
By J. H. R., Hamilton.
In the accompanying sketch is shown
a simple device for roughing-out irregu-
Fig. i — Adjustable hollow mill.
lar shapes on the lathe. When turning
an irregular shaped die or similar cast-
ing, the template must be tried on the
work at intervals, to ensure the fit.
With the device shown, the piece can be
turned almost to a < fit, with one appli-
cation of the template.
Fig. 8 — Adjustable hollow mill.
246
CANADIAN MACHINERY
A piece of heavy tin, T, is formed to
fit tight on the cross-slide of the saddle,
and placed in such a position, that it
will clear the compound rest, when the
and handy press, as iUustrated, is giv-
ing excellent service. It consists of an '
old air brake cylinder cut off about two
inches behind the front flange; the
mouth of the casting is bevelled, and
the whole apparatus mounted, and secur-
ed to a bench or table, by long bolts.
The ske+ch explains clearly the details
of the device.
rig.
-.Vdjustable hollow mill— front eleva-
tion.
tool is cutting at the outside diameter
of the work W. The outline of one-half
of the template, is scribed upon this
piece T, so that the axis would be in
the same position as that of the work,
or parallel with the shears of the lathe.
A pointer P, is secured to the top slide
of the compound rest R, so that any
movement of the tool point, will move
the pointer P in the same direction.
Care must be taken, to have the point
of P, on the centre line of template,
when the cutting tool is in the centre of
the work.
Lock the saddle, and guide the tool,
by following the pointer P; use the
crosB-feed S, and compound feed F, and
the result will be tbe produetion of a
very satisfactory job.
Air brake cylinder oup leather press.
An ordinary brake piston and follow-
er with the leather placed between, is
forced to the bottom of the press by
means of the lever underneath the table,
following which operation, the leather
remains in position until thoroughly
set.
HOME-MADE REAMING STAND.
By D. A. Hampson, Middletown, N.Y.
No one doubts the value of a reaming
stand, even it the quantity of work in.
volving its use be not great. We had
PRESS FOR AIR BRAKE CYLINDER
CUP LEATHERS.
By J. H., Hamilton.
For cupping the piston leathers of air
brake cylinders, most railroad shops use
air, hydraulic or screw presses. At the
shops of the Toronto, Hamilton and
Buffalo Ry., Hamilton, Ont., a low cost
llome-innile reamlntf stand.
need for one in the shop, but did not
feel like purchasing it. In looking
around, with a view to creating some-
thing of the kind, the writer hit upon
Pig. G — Adjustable hollow mill — side eleva-
the scheme here described and illustrat-
ed.
A cast iron pillar S, which had stood
unused in a comer for many years, of-
fered possibilities equal to something
that might have been specially designed
for a reamer stand. It was accordingly
pressed into service, and equipped as
follows: Flanged castings A,B,C,D,
were bolted to the square top of the
pillar. Each had an upward projecting
spigot with central hole, threaded out-
side, to correspond to the noses of our
lathe spindles. When a number of pieces
require reaming or tai)ping, a lathe
chuck i.s screwed on to its particular
spigot; the work being then chucked in
the usual manner.
Sometimes it may be necessary to
drill a piece of work, already fastened
in the chuck. If so, remove the chuck
from the reamer stand, and replace on
the lathe. In laying-out, and small as-
sembling work, or for holding round
pieces during a number of operations,
such a "reamer stand" will be found to
give splendid service, and with a 3 or
4 jaw chuck, will be much more efficient
and reliable than the 2 jaws of an or-
dinary vise.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
247
A RATCHET STUD DRIVER.
By F. C. G., Montreal.
The ratchet stud driver here shown,
■while not new in principle, may prove
useful to some readers of Canadian
Machinery. The drawing being fully
dimensioned, makes it possible for a
tool room staff to build such a ratchet if
they so desire.
When changing the socket ; take out
the 1/4 inch set screw, raise the pawl
CZllr or
steam
is Commonly used for applying the hy-
draulic test to locomotive boilers. The
lower cylinder is bushed to say, 4 inches
diameter, and the whole outfit is mount-
The suction side of the compressor
cylinder is coupled to the city water
supply, and the delivery side to the
boiler under test. The area of a 9^
Cit^ b^/an•■
loSoiltT
Air pump for testing boilers.
clear of the ratchet, and remove the
socket by means of the handle on top.
The stud driver as shown, is well suit-
ed for the larger sizes of studs-^say
from 7-8 incTi. upward; but for sizes
smaller, it may be advisable to reduce
• the length of the handle, to avoid any
risk of twisting off the stud.
Ratchet Stud Driver.
AIR PUMP FOR TESTIN& BOILERS.
By W. F., Hamilton.
In railroad roundhouses, an c^rdinary
9^ inch. Westinghouse air brake pump
ed (III a liffht, two wheel truck, which
can be readily moved around as requir-
ed. The pump may be operated by
compressed air or steam.
inch piston being 5.6 times that of a 4-
inch piston, the steam or compressed
air pressuee increases in that ratio
in the compressor cylinder, there-
fore, the city water pressure will be
multiplied accordingly.
LATHE CENTREING DEVICE.
By Chas. Hattenberger, Buffalo.
The tool here shown, is easily made,
■jjtA will be found extremely useful for
centreing' the ends of shafting, etc., in
a lathe. It consists of a cup-shaped body
A, made of soft machinery steel, and
bored to fit snugly on the tail stock
spindle. A hole drilled in the nose of
Latlie centering device.
body A, takes a combined drill and
countersink. This latter is held in
place by a set screw. The drill and
countersink, drawn to a large scale, and,
shewn at B, are obtainable from most
makers of twist drills.
KinigliinK-out irregular shapes ou lathe.
A SIMPLE OIL BURNER.
By W. H., Toronto.
The oil-burner here illustrated is used
in the G.T.R. shops at Toronto for a
variety of purposes, such as removal of
locomotive tires, heating bent frames
preparatory to re-straightening, heating
248
CANADIAN MACHINERY
boiler patches, etc. The whole appar-
atus is easily portable and of extremely
simple constnictioii. The oil tank, with
capacity of about 5 gallons of crude oil,
is (iUed through a funnel fitted with a
strainer, so as to preclude the possibil-
ity of choking ttie needle valve which
controls the supply to the burner.
In front of the needle valve is a tee,
into which is screwed a short length of
pipe. At its end is a reducing coupling,
forming a short cone, which serves to
introduce atmospheric air to the oil pipe
and is effective in causing a steady flow.
Before this feature was adopted, it was
found impossible to obtain a uniform and
regular stream.
The compressed air pipe terminates in
a piece of bent copper pipe, as shown in
the separate det«il of the burner. Tihe
issuing jet of air, creates a partial va-
cuum, and induces a flow of oil, which
becomes vaporised as it enters the bur-
ner cone.
In taking off a tire, without removing
the wheels from under the locomotive,
the burner is packed-up on the rail, so
that the (lame strikes the tread of the
tire at a small angle. The axle boxes
are jacked-up, to bring tihe tire clear of
the rail, and the wheel slowly revolved
by bars to ensure the tire being uniform-
ly heated all round. The time occupied
averages about twenty minutes, depend-
ing to some extent, on the tire diam-
eter.
EVOLUTION OF A LARGE INGOT.
By F. Walker, New Glasgow.
As a former employe of Cammell,
Laird & Co., I was interested when read-
ing the account given in the August is-
sue of Canadian Machinery concerning
the casting, slabbing and rolling of a
large ingot by that firm at their Shef-
field works. I have ventured, hoping it
may be appreciated, to give from mem-
ory a brief description, together with
dimensions and weights of the two topis
used in the operations involved.
The mill built by Messrs. Cammell,
from -lesign-s famished by Davy Bros.,
Sheffield, has rolls of forged steel, 48
inches diameter, and 13 feet 6 inches
length l)etween housingfs. Each roll
wt?igL» upwards of 40 tons. The mill
bed of cast steel is in 2 pieces, each of
which weighs 65 tons. The housings are
aluo in 2 pieces, of cast steel, and each
piece weighs 37 tons. They are braced
together at the top by a fast steel box
girder, 49 inches wide. 4.5 inches deep.
18 feet long, and weighing about 3o
tons. Thi« crossbrace carries the screw-
ing gear, also the steam and hydraulic
cylinders for balancing the top roll. The
total height of the mill is about 21 feet,
its length 19 feet, and its width 13 feet.
The pinions are of cast steel, 48 inches
diameter, 32 inches face, and havr
double helical teeth. The pinion hous-
ings are also of east steel, and weigh
about 20 tons each. The forged spindles
between rolls and pinions are 25 inches
diameter by 17 feet, 6 inches long.
The engine, geared to the mill in the
ratio of 3 to 1, is of the simple non-con-
densing, 3-crank vertical marine type,
i>nd has cylinders of 40 inches diameter
by 48 inches sti-oke. Walschaert 's valve
gear is fitted. The engine speed is 200
revolutions per minute, and the work-
ing steam pressure 200 pounds per sq.
inch. The boilers of Lanchashire type
are each 9 ft. diameter and 27 feet long.
The engine design and constmction was
the work of Davy Bros.
The hydraulic press, also constructed
by them, is of the vertical 4:-column
type, with twin rams 36 inches diameter
by 6 feet stroke. The working pressure
is 21-^ tons per sq. inch, which gives a
READER, WHAT DO YOU
KNOW?
Among readers of Canadian
Machinery there is a clearly de-
fined sincerity of desire to know
how each overcomes the daily
tasks of the machine, pattern and
blacksmith shops, the foundry
and boiler shops. It is believed
that your methods and devices,
while good, may be improved, and
thereby made more valuable if
you publish them, so that other
brains may work on them. We
will provide the setting and pay
you for the material. When your
fellow tradesman puts the super-
structure on your foundation, we
pay him and pass the "kink" on
to you, free. (Set into the game.
total load on the anvil face or 5,000
tons. The width between columns is 12
feet.
Two steam operated overhead travel-
ing cranes, each capable of lifting 150
tons, serve the mill and press, these be-
ing housed in the same building. The
cost of equipment, accessories and in-
stallation amounted to about two mil-
lion dollars.
TOOTHLESS SAWS FOR CUTTING
STEEL.
The employment of high-speed revolv-
ing mild .steel discs for cutting hard steel
is coming into general use. The discs
are preferably made of boiler plate qual-
ity, about a quarter of an inch thick.
They revolve with a peripheral speed
a? high as 20,000 feet per minute. One
of these discs will cut through a heavy
channel section of hard steel, 12 by 6%
inches, in fifteen seconds.
It appears to act by local fusion. The
very liigh speed . causes thousands of
inches of surface to impinge in rapid
succession on the metal undercut, so
that its temperature at the point of con-
tact becomes very high. The disc, how-
ever, owing to the large surface area,
remains relatively cool. All its friction-
al energy is concentrated on an extreme-
ly small area of contact. The work is
done so quickly that the heat has no
time to spread to the metal undercut,
and the sides of the cut portion are only
i: little warmed.
Mr. W. Franklyn Evans, who has been
chief engineer for over two years tor the
Expanded Metal & Fireproofmg Co., To-
ronto, and their successors, Steel & Ra-
diation, Limited, has resigned to join
Mr. Geo. W. T. Nicholson, general con-
tractor of Montreal.
-»Hose To
/COMPRCSSID
-* AIR SUPPLY.
A simple oil burner.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
27-48 INCH EXTENSION BED MOTOR-
DRIVEN GAP LATHE.
THE Rahn-Larmon Co., Cincinnati,
O., are manufacturers of the elec-
trically-driven gap lathe, shown in the
accompanying illustration. It is also
built for belt drive. This type lathe be-
ing particularly well adapted for repair
shops, an electrical drive is desirable,
aside from its inherent advantages, in
that it enables location to be in an iso-
lated part of the shop, if need be, and
where transmission of power by shaft
and belt, would be impracticable.
The motor, variable or constant speed
type, is attached so as to conform to
the general design, aiul power is trans-
mitted directly to the spindle through
gearing. To eliminate vibration at
high speed, the motor is raounted as
close to the spindle as possible, and the
entire headstock, as well as the change
gears, are covered, to protect the op-
erator. Starting and stopping of the
motor is controlled by a lever, mounted
on the right side of the apron, and with-
in convenient reach.
The general design of the lathe is in-
tended to ensure rigidity, with simple
construction. The extension bed top,
can be adjusted to any width of gap,
within the range of the machine, by
means of the handwheel on the right,
operating a screw of coarse pitch. Both
main and top beds are extra heavy, and
the sliding bed is accurately planed and
fitted, thus ensuring accuracy of align-
ment, between spindles and carriage for
all positions. The spindle is hollow,
and made of special carbon steel. The
■
Sibley Motor Driven DriJling Machine.
boxes are made of best gun metal, and
provided with means for taking up
wear. The carrage is gibbed to the
bed, both front and back, and has a
long continuous bed bearing.
In using cross-feeds, the carriage,
which may be firmly locked, is so ar-
ranged that the tool-rest can be
brought close up to the gap when neces-
sary. The front of the carriage has an
extension, firmly braced, as shown,
thereby allowing extra travel for the
tool-rest, so that the tool may operate
on the largest diameter capable of be-
ing swung in the gap. The apron is
simple in design, and all gears, includ-
ing the rack, are of steel. The stud
pins are hardened and ground. A large
range of longitudinal and cross-feeds are
obtained by shifting the change gear
lever attached to the feed-box; further,
the feeds are so arranged, that no two
can be thrown into operation simul-
tameously. A safety device prevents
breaking of the feed-box or apron gears,
either through accident or carelessness.
The Compound rest and cross-feed screws
have graduated micrometer disks.
The equipment regularly furnished
with this lathe includes countershaft,
steady rest, follow-rest, large and small
face plates, wrenches, and a full set of
change gears. Additional equipment,
furnished as an extra, consists of taper
attachment, extension turning rest, tur-
ret on carriage, chucks, turning tools,
face plate chuck, or special tool-rest.
The lathe has a swing, when in the
closed position of 27 inches, and 48
inches through the gap.
SIBLEY MOTOR-DRIVEN DRILLING
MACHINE.
QIMPLICITY, which characterizes
other Sibley drilling machines, is
also a noteworthy feature of this new
motor-driven 20-inch press. With the
motor mounted direct on the base and
Rahn-Larmon Motor Driven Gap Lathe.
250
CANADIAN MACHINERY
dm-en through gears, the weight is kept
down low, thereby adding to the general
^tability.
Substantial design and generous p>ro-
portion of working parts is a feature
throughout. A 9-inch driving pulley on
the 20-ineh and a 10-ineh on the 22i'2-
ineh drill, carrjing a 234-inch belt, to-
gether with large cones and back gears
of about 4 to 1 ratio, and 2 to 1 driving
gears, deliver ample power to the
spindle. The feed worm gear is driven
by a steel worm running in an oil bath,
mechanism swings away from the worm
gear on a hinge pin. A means of taking
up the wear on the worm or worm gear
is provided by this- worm box lever.
The vertical feed shaft is driven by a
worm gear and worm, running in oil,
the latter deriving its power from the
top shaft through cone pulleys. There
is i>ractically no spring between the
head and table arm, both parts being
The weight of the machines is 650
and 900 pounds, and their floor space
17 by 4o inclies, and 18 by 48 inches,
respectively.
CLEVELAND FOUR PISTON AIR
DRILL.
'TpHE Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co.,
Cleveland, Ohio, have recently
placed on the market, an improved type
which insures constant and thorougli lu-
brication to these vital parts. Tlie steel
feed lever is light enough for sensitive,
quick drilling, and at the same time
strong enough for heavy work. Chang-
ing from lever to wheel feed is effected
by a slight twist of the lever, and both
feeds are independent of one another.
An adjustable automatic stop collar on
spindle sleeve trips a latch which re-
leases the worm box lever, and the entire
Cleveland 4-Piston Air Drill.
(•esigned strong enough for heavier wuik
than the capacity of this press. Par-
ticular care is given to the matter of
finish, the spindle and sleeve beins
gi-ound, some parts polished and all
rough places painted with egg-shell
enamel. These machines are built wit'i
and without back gears or power feed,
geared or belted motor drive, reversing
countershafi or geared tapping attach-
ment.
of four piston air drill, which embodies
several now features of interest to me-
chanics. Pig. 1, is an exterior view,
showing a one piece body and lever re-
verse It is made with throttle handle
reverse, or non-reversible as desired.
Fig. 2, shows an interior view of the
machine.
The dominant feature of this new drill
is the mounting of the crank shaft upon
annular hall bearings of the silent type,
in lieu of the plain bronze bearings pre-
viously used in drills of this class.
CI*T*Und Corner Drill.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
251
These new bearings practically eliminate
all friction and wear, prevent heating,
and maintain the driving crank in a Ax-
ed position, thereby eliminating lateral
motion which is so detrimental to
pinions and large gears.
The Valve of rotary duplex type, is
placed between, and equi-distant from
each vertical set of cylinders, and be-
ing gear driven, supplies air power
autonaatically to each set of cylinders
without variation. The body is a one
piece steel casting, provided with hand
holes, through which access is had to
the crank and connections. The pistons
are secured to the connecting rods, by a
ball and socket joint, which allows of
universal motion, adjustment of wear.
CLEVELAND CORNER DRILL.
Fig. 1, shows an exterior view of the
Cleveland Corner Drill, for close quar-
ters drilling. The machine is designed to
drill or ream, within one and one eighth
■■
|HH
^^lE
1
w
National interchangeable case die.
inches of a side wall or corner. Fig. 2,
shows the interior construction.
The motor consists of two double act-
ing pistons, coupled to a crank shaft
mounted upon annular ball bearings.
Eccentric discs connect by eccentric
straps to two piston valves, which con-
trol one cylinder each. Power is trans-
mitted to the spindle, by ratchet arms
connected to opposite wrists of the driv-
ing crank, their opposite ends alternate-
ly engaging ratchet teeth cut on the
spindle.
The body of the machine is a single
piece steel casting, with piston and
valve cylinders cast integral, a methcd
of construction which ensures perfect
alignment of working parts. Large hand
holes conveniently placed, facilitate ac-
cess to all working parts for adjustment
and lubrication.
It is claimed that the wedge
gripping mechanism ensures long life to
the dies, and causes a minimum loss of
time for die changing and re-dressing.
The grip relief is automatic, being an-
other feature which makes for continu-
ity of operation. The friction slip fly-
wheel is also a noteworthy feature. If
cold or excess metal stalls the machine,
and prevents the heading tool from com-
pleting its full stroke, this friction-slip
llywheel relieves- the machine by dissi-
pating its momentum through the slip-
ping action, instead of throwing the en-
tire strain on the shaft, bearings and
machine generally. The motor is, of
course, also protected by this equip-
ment.
MOTOR DRIVEN QUADRUPLE BOLT
GUTTER.
Another machine built by the Nation-
al Machinery Co. is the quadruple bolt
The National friotion-slip fly wheel.
The National die shurpeuer.
A NEW BOLT HEADER.
or renewal of individual parts. The 'pHE National Machinery Co., Tiffin, cutter, driven by a standard type con-
gears are enclosed in an individual cham- Ohio, are makers of the stant speed motor, either A.C. or D.C.
ber, separated from that of the crank by National Wedge Grip Bolt Head- The motor does not overhang, there-
an aluminum shield plate, which pro- er, which we here illustrate, fore a minimum of floor space is occu-
tects them from accident, and admits of
separate and permanent lubrication.
The National wedge grip bolt header.
Motor-driven quadruple bolt header.
isa
CANADIAN MACHINERY
pied. When desired, the spindles can
be run indei>endently. and there is a
patented speeil change derice, which
giree four speeils by direct gearing. The
dies are held in interchangeable cases,
and have a long cutting face, allowing
more shaqvniugs than usual with bob-
bed threading dies. The machine is
Qwite rigid, and will cut an accurate
thread under nil conditions of diameter
variation, or luirdness of stock cut.
tra Safety device to prevent breaking of
taps becomes unnecessary. The tap is
started by the lever at the right, and
tripped and reversed automatically, at
DIE SHARPENER.
The Xational M:ichiuery Co., also
make the die sharpener, illustrated.
This gi-inde'- is rapid in operation, and
is claime<l t>i e<|ual the work of four
men on hand giinding. It is designed
to secure the correct throat or entrance,
with proper clearance on each die, and
grinds all dies in a set to equal depth,
so that each will do its full share of
rutting. This accuracy makes for the
highest posible die sennce, prolongs tlieir
life, and results in a better qualty
thread.
GARVIN NO. 2A AUTOMATIC TAP-
PING MACHINE.
'pHE Garvin Machine Co., New York
City have added two more automatic
tapping machines to their line, one of
which is an extra capacity, to their
present So. 2. This new machine will
operate from i to J inch U.S.S. taps in
Cast iron, from i^ to J inch in steel, for
i inch pipe taps in cast iron, and ) inch
pipe taps in steel.
The other machine, No. 2 back geared,
has a capacity from i to 1^ inches in
cast iron, I to 1 inch in steel, for i
inch pipe taps in cast iron, and k inch
pipe taps in steel. The machine illus-
trated, is the No. 2 extra capacity,
equipped with a special phucking ar-
rangement mounted on the tabic, con-
sistinif of a Garvin automatic wrench-
lesa two-jaw chuck, operated by com-
pressed air This feature adds greatly
to the productive capacity, as no time
is lost in clamping and unclamping the
parts being operated. A turn of the
air-valve, opens the chuck jaws instant-
ly, while a 'urn of the valve in the op-
posite direction, causes the jaws to grip
the work securely, and ready for the
tap. This is started for a couple of
threads, by the hand lever, no further
attention being required. The tap goes
to the bottom of the hole, trips oB, and
returns automatically.
Tfce spindle is fitted with two friction
pulleys, driven in opposite directions by
one continuous lielt, and between these
pulleys is placed a friction clutch, keyed
to the spindle The friction clutch is
oomiected with a lever at the right, by
a toggle arrangement, and adjustable
tor the desired tension, so that an ex-
Thc valuable feature of this tool, is
that it operates satisfactorily at high
speeds, and will trip and reverse alter
being set, though the operator should
Continue to press down on the starting
lever.
Garvin No. 2A Automatic Tiipping Machine.
any point by an adjustable screw stop
on the upper end of the spindle, striking
the tripping lever on the top of the
machine.
THE A. H. COPLAN CO., LIMITED,
OTTAWA, ONT.
The A. H. Coplan Co., Ottawa, Ont.,
have recently enlarged their works with
a view to carrying on more extensively
their brass and white iron foundry
business. In addition to increased
warehouse capacity, the brass foundry
has been enlarged and equipped
wi.li the latest in oil melting furnaces
by Francis Hyde & Co., Montreal. Pend-
ing the erection of their new iron foun-
drw, the company have leased another
foundry, with which to supplement their
output, and keep pace with the orders be-
ing daily received and on hand. The
dimensions of the present completed ex-
tension are 99 by 33 feet, and the ac-
companying cut gives some general idea
meantime, of the plant as a whole.
The biand of white iron manufactur-
td lias established a reputation for it-
self at tlie Canada Cement Co. mills, and
wliile embodying the useful features of
semi-steel and malleable cast iron, it is,
lower in cost. Orders amounting to be-
tween four and five tons of various al-
leys of brass, phosphor-bronze, alumi-
num, etc., are at present being filled.
Tiie company has been in business for
about nine years, and is at present em-
ploying some 75 men. Their metal pat-
ternmaking department is another prom-
inent feature, one of the specialities be-
ing match plates; while in wood pat-
ternmaking, a general business is done.
The spindle is balanced, and fitted
with a positive drive chuck for holding
the taps. The table is surrounded by
an oil-groove, and is adjustable up and
down oil the column to suit tho work.
Mr. A. H. Coplan, who is quite a young
man, devotes close attention to the man-
agement of the various branches of
what has now become an important and ^
successful undertaking.
I
CANADIAN MACHINERY
253
(AnadianMachinery
,vs» Manufacturing New5-^
A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery anl manufacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, construction
and improvement, and to all users of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rioity, compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOH!<l BAYflE MACLEAN
H.V.TYRRELL, Toronto
PETER RAIN. M.E., Toronto
J H. WILLIAMS, Toronto
President
Business Manager
Editor
Associate Editor
adoption by Canada and tlie United States ma>
or may not be a boon to either or both, there is no
question as to its value between employes working in
variously equipped plants. Canadian Machinery reaches
the whole field, and provides the barter ground on which
ideas are traded; therefore we suggest, as a truly in-
structive and educative programme that our readers set
themselves ploddingly and enthusiastically to the task
of contributing periodically brief articles covering some
of the hundred and one "kinks" which ingenuity pro-
vides for the better production and quicker output of
work under any circumstance. The time so spent will
bring its sure and natural reward.
OFFICES :
GREA
CANADA
Montreal Rooms 701-702 Eastern
Townships Bank Bldg
Toronto 143-H8 University Ave.
Phone Main 7324
Winnipeg, 34 Royal Bank Building
Phone Garry 2313
British Columbia • Vancouver
H. Hodgson,
Room 21, Hartney Chambers
Cable Address
BRITAIN
London - 88 Fleet Street, E.C.
Phone Central 12960
E.J. Dodd
UNITED STATES
New York - - R, B. Huestis
115 Broadway
Telephone 2282 Cortland't
FRANCE
Paris John F. Jones & Co.,
31 bis, Faubourg Montmartre,
Paris. France
Macpubco, Toronto.
Atabek, London, Ens.
SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
Canada, United States, $1.00, Great Britain, Australia and other colonies
4«. 6d., per year ; other countries, $1.50. Advertising ra^es on request.
Subscribers who are not receivine their paper rejularly will confer a
favor on us by letting us know. We should be notified at once of any
change in address, giving both old and new.
Vol. VII.
September, 1911
No. 9
SELF IMPROVEMENT.
TDEFORE another issue of Canadian Machinery comes
into the readers' hands, the season during which op-
portunity is given for self -improvement will have again
come around. We are desirous of helping in this work,
and in addition to the continuation drawing and sketch-
ing lesson every month, we purpose, with the co-operation
of our readers, increasing the scope of that section of
our paper devoted to "Methods and Devices."
It needs to be pointed out that contributions to that
department are not expected to be strictly new creations.
To many, perhaps, some or all of the ideas that appear
from time to time are more or less familiar daily practice.
While this is so, it should be realized that to the majority
of our readers there is much that is absolutely new, and
for which they look gi-eedily, we might say each month.
Men located in our large, well-equipped manufacturing
and railroad machine shops, do not sufficiently realize
how much they owe to the slow yet certain development
of improved methods and devices by operators here and
there among the general body of employes. They do
not realize that small and medium size machine shops
scattered all over this wide Dominion have in their
employ men who are thirsting to know what the big fel-
lows are doing and how they do them. Again, these
employes of the large shops may learn much from the
smaller, because, often as not, the very smallness and
paucity of equipment demands ingenuity of the highest
gi-ade.
Reciprocity is in the air; as a matter of fact, it is
all-pervading just at the moment, and while its
1911 CANADIAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION.
1^ HE Canadian National Exhibition at Toronto is now
in full swing, and judging' from impressions formed
of the opening days' achievements, it bids fair to eclipse
all previous records. The machinery hall, in which, of
course, are or should be found exhibits worthy of Can-
ada's development in the mechanical field, is filled to
the "crowding-out" point, yet numerous firms who should
be showing their manufactures, are not in evidence.
We unhesitatingly affirm that due regard is not being
paid to the requirements of those whose product belongs
to this section, and while report has it that a remedy will
be provided by increased and more specialized accom-
modation in another year, no time should be lost in giving
absolute confirmation, if such be the intention, and in get-
ting details into shape. Machinery manufacturers, we
know, desire this opportunity of displaying their product,
but for the most part are handicapped by the want of a
setting through which it will be given justice. Modem
factory design and layout is in many cases infinitely
superior for the display of the finished machine than the
present exhibition hall, therefore, it is only natural that
much material is withheld on that account.
Machinery enters so largely into the opening up of
our country and interests so large a proportion of its
population that no valid excuse exists for its longer oc-
cupying so insignificant a department in Canada's Nation-
al and Annual Exhibition.
LABOR DAY.
1^ HE Festival Day of Labor falls to be celebrated in
the Dominion of Canada on Monday, September
4th, and the bearing of some part in its fitting recogni-
tion is more or less incumbent on all. Most of us are
born with the heritage which calls to labor, therefore we
can and should join heartily in the enjoyment of a day
when work is laid aside in favor of the pleasure which
its rewards bring.
Labor Day as an institution is growing in favor, that
finely drawn distinction which sought to confine its
scope and ignore its universality of application, being
clearly in process of complete disappearance. We believe
that this new attitude inspires increased reasonableness
and conciliatory measures to assert themselves on oc-
casions of trade and business troubles.
These latter are bound to appear periodically, arising
as they do to a large extent, from civil, educative and
industrial progress, and our main concern should be not
only a smoothing of the transition process, but a pro-
mulgation of such schemes and methods as will easily
and quickly dissipate friction.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymen's and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
0HEMI8TEY IN THE FOUNDEY.
By S. B. Chadsey, Toronto.
IT would appear almost unnecessary
to discuss this well-known subject,
the theme of so many articles in the
technical press during the last 10 years,
were it not for the fact that there are
still many foundrymen who underesti-
mate, just as there are perhaps a few
who overestimate, the value of the service
that chemistry has rendered and is ren-
dering to their industry.
Those who underestimate its value
include tue many who have never given
it a trial, and some few of those who
have. Of these two classes, the latter
are the most difBeult to persuade.
Foundry Chemistry Failures.
Foundrymen are to be met with who
claim to have made the attempt to ayail
themselves of chemical methods, and
which to them have produced negative
or disastrous results. That is to say,
they have either found no especial bene-
fit accruing, or have encountered seri-
ous losses as a consequence. In cases
of this nature that have come under the
writer's personal observation, the fail-
ure has been invariably due to some
misconception on the part of the chem-
ist. Some have merely failed to ob-
serve any perchance benefit, others have
made only a brief trial, and others
again have had an analysis of their
material made at infrequent and irre-
gular intervals, but having no very clear
idea of the significance of the results
submitted to them, simply passed these
over, with but slight attention.
Such courses of action and methods
invariably fail, whatever the object of
their application, therefore, further com-
ment is needless.
Causes of Chemistry Failures.
Cases of positive and perhaps serious
loss, due to chemistry, so called, are
usually, if not always, caused by failure
to realize that chemistry is only an aid
to eSBeient foundry management, and
tbst it can only be of value when used
by someone who is thoroughly convers-
ant with good foundry practice. In-
stances are undoubtedly on record where
ioezperieneed analysts have been called
upon to take charge of foundry opera-
tions for which they were not prepared,
and these have frequently produced dis-
astrous results. In all such circum-
stances, however, the fault has been
durgeftble to the management, whose
failure to appreciate the true value of
things, began with an exa^erated
opinion of scientific methods, and ended
in their wholesale condemnation. Neither
position is the correct one. In a recent
publication by Edward Kirk, it is some-
what surprising to find statements such
as the following: — "About the year
1900 the American and vari-
ous local foundrymen's associ-
ations took the matter up,
and every opportunity was afforded
chemists to make foundry chemistry a
success. That the results obtained from
these opportunities afforded, have been
a disappointment to the founder is un-
S. B. CRADSEY
Canadian Representative. American
Foundrymens' Association.
disputed, for castings, made from an-
thracite and coke smelted iron, possess
no greater transverse or tensile strength
than those made before chemistry was
introduced; and work is cast with no
more certainty as to hardness, softness
or strength of casting than was
formerly done by fracture indica-
tions." — "The writer's attention
was recently called to a mixture
made by a practical foundry chemist in
charge of a foundry. These five ingredi-
ents, silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, man-
ganese and carbon, wei^e determined,
and a mixture made by analysis for soft
castings, yet all of the latter were found
too hard to be machined. Investigation
showed that a new brand of iron placed
in the mixture contained titanium in
sufficient quantity to harden the whole
combination. ' '
These statements are entirely mislead-
ing, and it is unfortunate that they
should be made, evidently on insufficient
data, by one whose name carries some
weight with many foundrymen.
Practical Services of Chemistry.
In commenting upon them, we desire
merely to express the main practical
daily services of chemistry to the mod-
ern foundry. They are, we believe, as
follows.
I. — The definite and certain regula-
tion of foundry irons, so that the metal
for every cast, shall be of the desired
grade. It is readily possible, to produce
at every cast, iron required for the work
on hand, if suitable raw materials are
provided and the melting practice is
good. If soft iron is required, there is
no reason why soft iron of a particular
grade should not be always forthcoming.
Such regularity, however, can only be
secured through the agency of chemical
analysis.
11. — The investigation of the details
of melting practice, all of which are de-
pendent upon chemical laws.
III.— The additional aid afforded by
chemistry, in determining the causes of
variable conditions, wherever they occur
in connection with the easting process,
and the greater consequent facility, with
which conditions may be standardized.
To attain these results, it is necessary
that chemical work should be regularly
and systematically pursued, and through
either private or commercial labora-
tories, this privilege and advantage is
made available to practically every
foundry, whatever its capacity or value
of output.
DEFECTS IN SMALL CASTINGS.
By John H. Eastham, Montreal .
Those castings which make the aver-
age foundryman grey-headed before his
time, do not usually weigh several tons
each, but are rather those of the small
variety, ordered in large quantities, and
in many cases of the plainest Ji^sign.
The writer, in quoting a case in point,
may therefore, perhaps he pardoned for
treating the somewhat hackneyed sub-
jects of proper gating and venting.
An English firm of cotton machinery
makers required several thousands of
small collars or bushes annually, of
type shown in sketches of pattern plate,
Figs. 1 and 2. These collars were of
various sizes, the heaviest weighing
about 8 pounds. They were polished ab-
solutely clean and bright, and were in
all cases mounted on cast iron pattern
plates, about | inch thick. The boxes
employed were 18 by 12 inches, provided
with a guide pin at each end, one round
and one square, to avoid mistakes in
closing, when in use on ordinary hand
rammed turnover machines. A wedge
CANADIAN MACHINERY
255
drivcu in at each end, between pin and
cope part, sufficed to liold down the
molds when cast. The facing sand used
for small work in this particufilar foun-
dry, was ground fine in a heavy mill to
facilitate drawing patterns, and secure
machine jobs in the shop being rated on
a piecework basis, a fair price being
paid for good castings only.
/' "^< '' "^ /^ ~^ '' ~\
1 1 ) ) !
v..,^' v_^' Ky v„y
Fie. 1.— Defects in Small Castings.
perfect lifts, in most cases without the
aid of gaggers. The collars in question,
when first mounted on pattern plates,
were gated in the drag part, an ordinary
spray runner being fixed to the under
side of plate.
Faulty Castings and Their Remedy.
For some time, the number of faulty
castings discovered in the lathe, was
quite 15 per cent. Changes of mixture,
hotter metal, and careful skimming hav-
ing no effect, the foreman decided to try
a heavy runner, of type shown in sket-
ches, fixed to the cope side of the plate,
the sprays overlapping each casting
about i of an inch. This had the eftect
of removing the sponginess and dirt pre-
viously encountered, but a new disease
developed, in the shape of minute blow-
holes around the top of each casting.
Free use of the vent wire and of or-
dinary floor sand on face of cope parts
being of no avail, the foreman came to
the conclusion that gas from under the
heavy runner found its point of least
resistance in the molds just before each
casting was quite full, and decided to
attach strips of lead to the drag side of
the plate between the castings, extending
TYPES of FOUNDRY CONSTRUC-
TION.
By George K. Hooper.*
I am somewhat opposed to reinforced
concrete for foundry construction, on
account of what might be termed,
'"manufacturing elasticity," because it
does not adapt itself too well to the
alterations and extensions which are
constantly being made in plants devoted
to foundry work. Brick, concrete blocks,
and hollow tile are the most adaptable,
brick probably being more so than any
of the others, and considering the pres-
ent price of brick, no saving can be ef-
fected by the use of the other two
forms of covering, although in large
foundries, the weights of steel can be
maintained at the minimum, by the use
of hollow tile above the windows.
While I have always furnished plans
to reinforced concrete contract-
ors, that they might compete
with other forms of construc-
tion, I have not yet been able to
secure a bid as low, or to have as cheap
a -building as that from other materials.
When I say this, I give due appreciation
to the question of insurance, locality
and contents being considered by the
underwriters, as well as the type of the
building.
For interior partitions, hollow tile
makes a firm, cheap wall. Concrete
plaster on wire laths, expanded metal,
or galvanized netting, usually requires
so much supporting steel, that iti is
quite expensive, and practically costs
more than tile, while not possessing the
advantages of the latter. Steel roof
trusses should be carefully designed sn
as to be conveniently reached with
cleaning and paint brushes; this more
especially in foundries of the continu-
ous type, where considerable vapor
R^UNNER
Fie. 2.
■ LE.KO VENT StR\PS
-Defects in Small Castinfs.
almost from the top runner right to
the box edge.
The loss was brought down to about
one per cent., showing that the result
justified the experiment. Since then,
the vent wire has been ignored on this
particular job, to the satisfaction of
both molder and employer; all plate and
arises from the cooling sand. The
trusses and columns should be carefully
and thoroughly painted.
Windows, except where there is an
exposure, are generally made with wood-
on frames, glazed with factory ribbed
•Tno Hooper-F.nlkennu Engineering Co,
New York.
glass, and should be fitted to tilt, in or-
der to secure the greatest possible open-
ing. There was at one time, a craze for
making walls almost entirely of glass
and steel. Such buildings, however, are
difficult to heat in winter and to venti-
late in summer, while the glare of the
direct sunlight is most unpleasant.
Many plants of this kind have adjusted
curtains to the windows, or painted over
portions of them and in some cases large
sections of glass hava been removed. A
building wall containing 50 per cent, of
window space, will usually be very
completely lighted for any width of
structure, and in any event, passages
and storage departments can be placed
in the darker sections.
I am an. advocate of metallic bars and
ribbed glass for skylights, and in con-
tinuous foundries where a large amount
of vapor is present, a copper bar is
cheapest in the end.
THE DETROIT CORE MACHINE.
The illustrations. Figs. 1 and 2, repre-
sent the Detroit Core Machine jar-ram-
ming and rolling-over a large core by
means of a clamp held with one hand
respectively. The core room, of all de-
partments in the foundry has been most
neglected, and why this should be so,
we are at a loss to understand. Money
Fie. 2.— The Detroit Core Machine, Rollins
Over a Laree Core.
may be and is lost there just as surely
as in other sections, and a jar-rammed
co/e has everything to recommend it as
against one which is hand rammed.
A smooth uniform core is assured,
eliminating hard and soft spots which
often as not result in blowing and rougb
castings. A feature of this Detroit core
machine is the fact that the core-mak-
er works right at his bench, and stands
right in his tracks to make his core,
thereby saving much time and labor run-
ning around. The machine occupies
small space, a consideration always of
importance, and particularly if the core-
room is crowded. The core box is easily
drawn by means of the foot power de-
vice, giving a firni steady motion and
obviating patching.
256
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Fig. 2 represents a coremaker rolling-
over a box with one hand, which on the
bench would require two men to roll
orer. The box in question is 26 inches
long, 16 inches wide, and 6 inches deep.
The machine is equally adaptable for
handling several small jobs at one time,
and in this feature, its attractiveness as
FIc 1.— Tlw Detroit Core Machine, Jar RammiiiE
a Larffe Core.
a time and labor saver is perhaps more
apparent, because any number of cores
up to its capacity may be negotiated in
the time that one usually takes other-
wise. The makers are the Detroit Core
Machine Co., Detroit, Mich.
A GRAVITY CARRIER.
'pHE Canadian Mathews Gravity Car-
rier Company, 312 Stair
Building, Toronto, incorporated with
a capital stock of $100,000,
has opened a factory at 28 Shep-
pard street, Toronto. The company holds
numerous patents covering ball-bearing
gm^-ity earriers, spiral chutes, automa-
tic elevators, etc. Gravity carrier sys-
tems have a wide range of usefulness as
applied to the handling of such merch-
andise, as brewery cases, boxed goods,
shingles, lumber, barrels, cooperage
stock, pig iron, and other commodities,
having one or more flat surfaces, which
allow them to move forward of their
own weight, on a carrier line adjusted
to a slight grade
This carrier was introduced by the
Mathews Gravity Carrier Co., St. Paul,
Minn., about six years ago, and has been
highly saeeesafol.
The officers of the Canadian company
are: — H. L. Jenkins, president, Van-
eonver, B.C.; F. K. Moore, vice-presi-
dent; O. C. Sylvester, treasurer and
managing director.
The half tone shows the gravity car-
rier in use, unloading cooperage stock
from a box ear. The rollers consist of
seamless steel tubing, running on two
ball bearings. A straight line and jwr-
tion of a curve is also shown. The lat-
ter being reversible, to permit of stock
delivery in either direction. The
straight line portions are made up in
standard lengths of 8 feet, one of which
may be seen against the side of the
car.
relation to vertical or horizontal centre
line, he will realise more fully than
many a column description would teach
him, the numerous uses to which set
squares can be put.
The Mathews gravity currier.
MECHANICAL DRAWING AND
SKETCHING FOR MACHINISTS.*
By B. P.
TN our last lesson, we showed how one
■*■ view of au object is obtained from
another by straight line projection. We
will now apply the principle, in drawing
the three views of a common hexagon
nut. Drawing a hexagon nut, involves
the use of a 60 degree set square, and
when the student can draw a hexagon
with one of its points at any angle, in
• Kerenth of a kerlea of nii liifttructlon
lourxe.
Drawing a Hexagon Nut.
A hexagon nut is frequently made of
the following proportions, If we call
the diameter of the bolt, D, the nut will
have a width across the flats of 11/2 D -f-
i inch, and a height equal to D. Thus a
nut for an IJ inch bolt will be IJ- plus
; plus i, or two inches across the flats,
and 1^ inches high.
Fig. 1 shows how to draw such a nut.
Comnnencing with the plan view, draw
two centre lines at right angles to each
other. With their point of intersection
as centre, describe a circle whose ra-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
257
dius will equal half the diameter of the
bolt, or S inch. Next describe from the
same centre, a circle equal to the width
of the nut across the flats. In this case
the width is 2 inches, therefore tihc com-
passes are set to a radius of 1 inch.
Fig. 1.
Now, take the 60 degree set square as
shown, and draw lines tangent to this
circle on each side, turn the set square
over and draw two others. This gives
four sides of t-he nut, the remaining two
being got with the tee square. From
this plan, the elevation above it, (which
shows the nut from corner to corner),
will be projected. Four corners, and
three faces of the nut are seen, the mid-
dle face only being true width. The
other two appear narrower, because they
are inclined at 60 degrees to the verti-
cal plane, on wihich the elevation is pro-
jected. The view to the right hand is in
the direction of the arrow, and shows
three lines, that in the centre being for
the edge XX. The other two lines are
the outer faces, their distance on either
side of the centre line, being measured
from the plan view.
The 2 inch circle in the plan shows
that the corners are turned-off or
"chamfered," the upper views showing
that this turning-off is at .an angle with
the centre line. In the elevation, this is
shown by the line YY, drawn from the
centre of the bottom of the nut with a
radius R, equal to its thickness, or in
this case 1:| inches. This face shows
the true form of the curve, while the
two others, being inclined, appear as
small portions of an ellipse. Since they
differ very 'little, however, from true
arcs of circles they are in practice al-
ways drawn as such.
The mit is flat on the top from Z to
Z, (see plan), and the figure shows how
these points are projected up to the
elevation, and a line drawn tangent to
the arcs on each side. The end view
presents no difficulties, its construction
being clearly indicated.
Methods of Using Set Squares.
Fig. 2 shows the method of drawing a
hexagon with one corner at various an-
gles with the horizontal, and forms a
good exercise in the use of set squares.
employed, as the necessity for their ap-
plication constantly occurs.
Practical Examples.
Fig. 3 shows good proportions (or an
ordinary spanner. The thickness and
breadth of the shank are shown express-
ed in terms of the width of the nut A ;
but these are not necessarily rigidly ad-
hered to. For instance, if A is 1 1-16
inch, we will find that J A plus f inch,
works out to about 1 1-32 inch. This in
actual practice would be made 1 inch or
1 1-16 inches. The thickness of the head
of the spanner is usually made equal to
D, the diameter of the bolt.
In making the drawing, we first con-
struct a hexagon in light dotted lines to
represent the nut, this can afterwards be
erased, if desired. Through the back, top
and bottom corners of the hexagon drop
a vertical dotted line as shown. Tftiis
line will cut the circle which touches
the sides of the nut at two points B and
Fig.
The figure also shows how to con-
struct an angle of 15 degrees. The stu-
dent should draw these exercises until
thoroughly familiar with the method
C. .Toin the centre of the nut O to
each of the points B, C, and continue
the lines to D and E. Set the needle
point of the compass at B, and the pen-
cil point at the top outer corner of the
nut ; this radius is shown as r in figure
3. With B as centre and r as radius,
describe an arc from the top outer cor-
ner of the' nut, as far as the line O B D
— the point D being where the two lines
intersect. Repeat this operation from C
as a centre.
Next set the needle point of compas-
ses, at O, and pencil point at D. With
this radius, shown in the figure as R,
join up the two arcs already drawn.
Fig. 2.
Fig. s.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
The Artificial Lighting of a Factory Location
This Article Goet to Show the Benefits Derivable From a
Well-lighted Machine Shop, With Respect to Quality and
Quantity of Output, the Spirit and Enthimasm of the Men,
and the Possibility of Accomplishing These Results on an
Early Repayable Outlay, at 31inimum Operating Cost of Re-
newals, Under Circumstances Where Vibration is of Suffici-
ent Importance to be Accounted.
By E. R. Treverton.
A MONG the reports on Ugjhting in-
■**■ stallatioDs, that have appeared in
the past months, comparatively few deal
with the question oi lighting the rough-
er locations, s.]ch as machine shops,
mills, factories and the like, due to the
(act, no doubt, that little has been done
along this line, or that those conducting
the work, have little time to report on
it. It is the object of this article, to
describe how a very dark machine shop
was lighted by a simple, but effective
method, which gave entire satisfaction
to all concerned.
Machine Shop Description.
The location in question is a typical
inside factory one, consisting of an
aisle 40 feet wide, situated between two
other aisles of slightly greater width,
and separated from them only by the
columns that carry the roof. Four
hundred feet of this aisle is used for
general machine (mostlv lathe) work.
The ceiling 12 feet high formed by the
2x8 inch wood floo<r above, is divided
into 40 X 16 feet bays, by the supports
ing girders. A crane runs the entire
length of the aisle, with a clearance of
only 13 inches above the hoist The na-
tural lighting comes from the aisles on
each side, one of these having a row of
windows occupying the entire outside
wall, the other making use of sky lights
and a row of windows just under the
roof, at a height of about 50 feet from
the floor. The light from the first
source was mostly cut off, by a row of
high machines directly in front of the
windows, and by the intervening columns,
crane girders, and the like. From the
other side, the windows being so high in
comparison with the width of the room,
only a narrow strip of the floor was
directly lighted, and this imperfectly,
on account of the machines located just
along the edge of the aisle. It was ne-
cessary to use artificial light at all
times, as under the best conditions of a
bright day, the natural light was ex-
ceedingly dim, and presented a worse
condition than if there had been absolute
darkness, because the mixture of day-
light necessitated a higher artificial in-
tensity than would otherwise have been
necessary.
The Lighting Problem Solution.
Formerly, clusters of carbon lamps
scattered here and there, formed the
/
1
1
'4
1
Lliitilliig a Kacorr Location.
general lighting scheme, each machine
being furnished with one or more exten-
sion lamps, which were moved from
place to place as the operator required.
Not only was the light insufficient, but
the continual transfer of lamps, with
their consequent breakage and cord dam-
age, made the maintenance cost so high,
and reduced the efficiency of the work-
man to such an extent, in quality and
quantity, that a change became abso-
lutely necessary. It was further impos-
sible to keep good men, on account of
the inconvenience and unpleasantness of
their surroundinss.
The small clearance over the crane,
together with the low ceiling, excluded
all types of lamps except the incandes-
cent. Carbon lamps in sufficient num-
bers, would have required an excessive
current consumption, therefore, tungsten
units were selected as being the most ap-
plicable. There was, however, some
doubt as to the advisability of
adopting tungsten lamps, as the floor
above was used for machining heavy
castings, and the constant dropping of
these, it was feared, would cause a
large lamp breakage, because of their
being of the old fuse type. To deter-
mine the exact effect on the life of the
lamps, two bays were each equipped
with 8—100 watt, clear tungsten lamps,
having intensive glass reflecters mount-
ed directly on the ceiling. One inch of
free cord intervened between the rosette
and the socket. The lamps were arrang-
ed in two rows of four lamps each, per
bay, making the spacing distance 8 x 10
feet, and the power consumption 1.25
watts per square foot of floor space.
The switching was arranged so that
four lamps could be operated in a group,
thus permitting small areas to be light-
ed without waste. After several weeks
operation, the breakage was found to be
small, and subsequent replacement by
Westinghouse Wire-Type lamps caused it
to disappear altogether regardless of vi-
bration due to cranes, and dropping
heavy weights on the floor above.
Operating Results Achieved.
The illirmination was uniform and of
sufficient intensity for the class of work
done, and the shop was transformed
from a gloomy, into a cheerful location.
The spirit of the men improved, as was
shown by the quality of the work turn-
ed out, the floor was kept cleaner, and
the whole appearance of the place chang-
ed for the better. Further, the general
results were deemed so satisfactory that
the entire 25 bays were similarly equip-
CANADIAN MACHINEKY
250
ped, all extension lamps being removed,
except where necessary to see into deep
work or under machines. For these lat-
ter purposes, plug boxes have been plac-
ed at convenient places, and extension
lines used only when necessary. The
general lighting scheme is therefore,
never interferred with, and the place is
entirely free from the mass of cord that
previously characterized it.
Duration Test.
The new system has been in service
for well over a year, and careful records
show the cost to be not only reasonable,
but that saving in quality of work, and
ahility to keep good men, has more than
repaid the original expense.
The accompanying photograph, taken
at night without any light except from
the ordinary source, shows the location
and gives some idea of the satisfactory
character of the illumination. All parts
of the room are sufficiently lighted, to
permit work being done with equal ease
at any point. Tests showed that the
average intensity on the horizontal plane
was 2.5 foot-candles, with a minimum
of 1.6 foot-candles at the extreme edge
of the room.
THE HOLDEN-MORGAN CO.,
TORONTO.
The Holden-Morgan Co. have a well-
equipped modern machine shop at 50
Pearl St., Toronto, and carry on a gen-
eral machinist business, in addition to
making cutting, blanking and forming
dies, special experimental apparatus,
etc. A. P. Holden, late of the Schol-
field-Holden JIachine Co. is president
and general manager, while Philip Mor-
gan is vice-president and superinten-
dent. The latter was for twelve years
mechanical superintendent at the New-
market works of the Office Specialty
Co., of Toronto.
The illustration shows a corner of
the machine shop, where about 25 men
are now employed, as against 8, some
nine months ago, when the business
started.
The equipment, all new, includes en-
gine lathes, swinging from 14 to 24
inches, built by the American Tool
Works Co. and fitted with quick change
speed gears; Kearney and Trecker Co.'s
milling machines, both plain and uni-
versal; Becker vertical milling machine;
16 and 24 inch; McGregor-Gourlay shap-
ers; Le Blond cutter grinder, and vari-
ous miscellaneous tools, including drill
presses, speed lathes, power presses,
arbor presses, etc.
The shop is noticeably clean ; the floor
and benches are of hard wood, and dirt
in every form is vigorously chased. The
men are supplied with "screw-jack"
stools, which have hard wood tops and
cast iron bases. The work benches are
lighted on the Almond system, flexible
metallic tubing allowing adjustment of
the lamps in any direction. The opera-
tors of the principal machines are pro-
vided with convenient stands, mounted
on castors. These were made in the
shop, and consist of two shelves and a
drawer about two feet square. They are
mounted on a frame of wrought iron
pipe, and form a convenient receptacle
for small tools, milling cutters, jigs, etc.
There is a No. 1 American gas oven
and blower for hardening, and a blow-
pipe equipment for brazing.
The contracts on hand, include auto-
matic candy wrapping machines, check
book presses, automatic paper bag ma-
chines, sand papering machines, paper
coating machines, as well as a number
of automatic jigs, 'fixtures and small
tools.
The company intend to purchase prop-
erty in the near future on which to
erect a larger and still more convenient
factory.
"WELFARE" WORK.
The extent to which the United States
Steel Corporation is carrydng on "wel-
fare" work in its mills, is shown by an
official statement, that to date in the
present year, there has been spent al-
most $700,000 for improving the condi-
tions under which the workmen are em-
ployed. This sum has been expended on
the installation of safety appliances, the
establishment of cooling systems, especi-
ally in the sheet and tin plate mills, on
the erection of hospitals, improving the
labor conditions in the coke regions,
and on undertakings of a similar char-
acter. Appropriations, totalling in the
aggregate, the above sum, have been
made for these purposes from time to
time during the past seven months.
Holden-MorKan Machine Shop.
NOTES ON CONSTRUCTIONAL DE-
TAILS.
Every machine or structure is designed
with a certain object in view ; there-
fore in designing, keep that object al-
ways to the front and let it influence
every thought and action. Go straight
to the point and let the object be at-
tained in as simple and direct a man-
, ner as possible. It should be remember-
ed that machines and other, structures
designed in this way, with the least
material for the work to be done, us-
ually look well and cannot be improved
in appearance by outward embellish-
ments.
Parts subject to stress should have
as little change in form as possible.
and if change is necessary it should not
be of a sudden nature ; these remarks
especially refer to cast-iron, where a
sudden angle or opening with square
corners (even if not very sharp) may
cause fracture when the section might
be thought more than ample.
Steel castings should be as simple and
as free from ribs or brackets as possible.
Ribs or nerves which run lengthways
are not, however, as objectionable as
those across the lines of principal con-
traction, but the soundest of metal un-
der such projections is often doubtful, so
that they may be a source of weakness
instead of strength.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Establishment or Elnlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants. Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings; Mining News.
FOrNDKV A>'D MACHINE SHOP.
FORT WILLIAM. OXT.— The stove works
of AV. J. Copp. Son & Co.. Fort William, Ont.,
U beliiK takeu over by F. W. King, London,
Ont. siul others. The plant will be enlarged
and o\*erhauled.
HAMILTON. OXT.— Bowes-Jamleson, Ltd.,
Bamtlton. Ont., formerly Bowes. Jamleson »^-
Co.. will eularjre Its plant after the first of
the year, and the i-npailty of the foundry will
b« Inrreased from 7 to 10 tons per day. Mold-
ing machines will be Installed along with
other equipment.
HAMILTON, OXT.— The Hamilton Foundry
was damaged to the extent of $1,000 by a fire
which started near one of the core ovens and
burned its way through the roof.
HESl-ELKR. ONT— The Hall. Zryd Co., of
Grimsby, who rei'ently purchased the Idle
plants of the Parkin Elevator Works and the
Itominion Heating and Ventilating Co., from
the corporation are now preparing plans for
the building of an addition to the moulding
shop of the former works. It will be 3TxC9
feet, and when completed, will give the com-
pany a moulding shop 60x80 feet, which will
comprise but a part of tbe immense moulding
■bop to 1m> completed next season.
TORONTO, OXT.— The National Cash Reg-
ister Co., Dayton. Ohio, have taken an option
on ten acres In the northern part of the city,
and in the spring will erect a model factory.
Their present factory on Lombard Street is
entirely inadequate.
DAVIDSON, SASK.— Messrs. Allen, McNeil
and Brown, woodworkers, machinists and
blacksmiths, commenced business here recent-
ly.
RED DEER. ALTA.— ,T. W. Broughton, of
the Red Deer Ironworks, Is contemplating the
establishment of a foundry in connection with
hli bnalneM.
HAMILTON, ONT.— The Schacht Motor Car
Co., of Cincinnati, have decided to establish a
$350,000 plant here.
IXGERSOLL, ONT.— An industry which
promises to be a large concern, is the Fruit
Machinery Co., situated a little east of Thames
St., on the C.P.R. This firm came to Ingersoll
a few months ago from Western New York,
where factories have been established for
years. Their employees come from the same
section and are experts. Fruit machinery of
all kinds la manufactured and the only eva-
porating factory machines made In Canada are
turned out by this firm.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The John McDougall
Caledonian Iron Works have entered upon the
manufacture of plunger elevators, passenger
or freight. They will be built in the com-
pany's shops on Seigneurs Street.
STRATFORD. ONT.— The Macdonald
Thresher Co., Limited, with head office at
Stratford, is the name of the new company
which has been formed to take over and carry
on the business of the Macdonnld Mnnufac-
turing Co., which for many years success-
fully conducted the manufacture and sale of
separators, traction engines and other thresh-
ing machinery In Stratford.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— The largest single ship-
ment of saws ever made to a Western Canada
mill passed through here recently. The con-
signment consists .of ten tons of circular and
board saws for the lumber mill of the Ocean
Falls Co. The saws and a large consignment
of electrical machinery come from Hamilton,
Ont.
SWIFT CURRENT, SASK.— W. H. Hodgson
has about completed the construction of a
garage and machine shop here. The former
is 40xr,O feet, the latter 30x32 feet.
CHILI.IWACK. B.C.— Thos. L. Llllle has
purchased the business known as the A. J.
Robertson Machine Works.
KDSON, ALTA.— The Grand Trunk Pacific
will establish car and machine shops here.
They will be of standard capacity.
FORT WILLIAM, ONT.— The city has been
asked to enter Into a deal with Messrs. Kirk-
pntrick and King whereby the former will
guarantee the bonds by which the Copp
Foundry Is to be taken over and enlarged by
the new company. The matter will likely be
referred to the ratepayers.
MONTREAL, QUE.— The Canadian Pacific
Railway has started work on another huge
undertaking in connection with their Montreal
transportation facilities. Out near Western
Junction the company Is building a new term-
inal headquarters, which consists of a large
twenty-four stall engine bouse, a machine
shop, a turntable, a coaiing plant, a stores
building, a rooming and lodging house cap-
able of accommodating one hundred men, and
a car shunting and storage yard of two thous-
and cars capacity. Eventually the new term-
inal will have a capacity of four thousand
cars.
PRINCE RUPERT, B.C.— L. B. de Laltte,
the prominent French inventor, is establishing
a plant here to manufacture gas machines.
MUNICIPAL,.
MOOSE JAW, SASK.— One of the largest
enterprises of the city this year Is the sewer-
age system. Apl>roxlmately $400,000 Is being
spent on it.
EDMONTON, ALTA.— It is proposed to erect
a civic warehouse and stables for the city.
The building will cost $10,000. There will be
46 stalls in the stables, besides four loose box-
es, hay loft, caretaker's room and a cook
room. The warehouse will be a three-storey
structure, 70 by lOO. while the workshop will
tie a two-storey building. The ground floor
will be used for stores, water and electric
light shop. There will be a carpenter shop
on the second storey.
Trenton
ONTARIO
Offers Electric
Power Now at
$1 5.00 per H.P.
24-hour service deliv-
ered at your terminals,
FREE SITES
are also Offered to Parties
Locating Good Industries.
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On the main line Grand Trunk Railway, Canadian Northern Railway, Central
Ontario Railway, Canadian Pacific Lake Shore proposed Railway and Trent Canal
System. Water Shipment via Lake Ontario. Address
ARTHUR JONES,
Secretary Board of Trade, TRENTON, Ontario, Canada.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
59
SARNIA, ONT. — The couiull has offered to
buy out the Sarnla Gas and Electric Light
Vu. for $li;5,000.
HAMILTON, ONT.— Mr. Willis Chlpman,
the expert engaged to report ou the water-
worlis system, has partly completed his re-
port and given it to the Controllers. They
have not made It public, but have stated
that three of the principal recommendations
made by Mr. Chlpman have been anticipated.
These are that a third electric pump be In-
stalled at the Beach, the placing of a new
and longer intake Into the lake, and the re-
placing of the high level pumping station
with a new or improved plant. These works
will cost about $115,000. and it Is thought
that tlie total waterworks improvements that
may be necessary will cost about $300,000.
EDMONDS, BtlRNABY, B. C— The West-
ern Cana(la power by-law and the water-
works merger by-law were carried.
ED.MONTON, ALTA.— The ratepayers de-
feated the by-law to grant a gas franchise to
the International Heating and Lighting Co.,
A by-law to provide for the establishment of
a municipal gas plant will likely be submit-
ted in the near future.
HIGH RIVER, ALTA.— On Sept. 5 ~ the
ratepayers will vote ou a by-law to raise
$125,000 for a waterworks and sewerage sys-
tem.
TRENTON, ONT.— The ratepayers will on
Sept. 5 vote ou a by-law to raise $2,500 for
sewers.
WEST LORNE, ONT.— The ratepaj-ers de-
feated the waterworks by-law recently.
OAKVILLE, ONT.— The sewer by-law was
carried by the voters.
SUDBURY, ONT.— The ratepayers carried
by-laws totalling $146,000 recently.
MILTON, ONT.— The burgesses carried the
by-law to extend the waterworks system.
C.VKDSTON, ALTA.— The ratepayers voted
$40,000 for a gravity waterworks system.
SASKATOON, SASK.— The ratepayers pass-
ed by-laws totalling $95,000 recently.
CANORA, SASK.--By-laws totalling $91,000
for a town hall, waterworks and a sewerage
system were carried.
KERRISDALE. B.C.— The ratepayers passed
the by-law to spend $501,259.80 for water-
works extension.
NIAGARA FALLS, ONT.— The Muddy Run
sewer by-law to raise $00,000 was defeated.
CALGARY, ALTA.— A by-law endorsing an
expenditure of $20,000 for sewer purposes was
carried.
CORNWALL, ONT.— The by-law to raise
$30,000 for water mains was carried.
WINDSOR, ONT.— The by-law to expend
$17,000 on on auto fire apparatus was de-
feated. The waterworks by-law for $50,000
was carried.
NANAIMO, B.C. — The ratepayers passed the
.$50,000 sewerage extension by-law and the
B.C. Hydraulic Power Co. agreement.
STRATHCONA. ALTA.— The ratepijyers re-
cently passed the $100,000 Hospital by-law
and the $10,000 new force main by-law.
MOOSE JAW, SASK.— On September 7 the
city will pass on by-laws aggregating $166,-
000 for municipal Improvements.
OTTAWA, ONT.— On Sept. 7, the voters will
be asked to endorse an expenditure of $195,-
000 for waterworks.
GALT. ONT.— On Sept. 9 the ratepayers will
vote on a by-law to expend $10,000 for water-
works purposes.
ELECTRICAL,.
PRINCE RUPERT, B.C.— The work of mak-
ing the surveys In connection with the plans
of the Prince Rupert hydro-electric company
has i>een going on here for some time. The
programme recently adopted by the board of
directors contemplates the expenditure of
$t'i00.000 during the next twelve months and
$2,500,000 within the next four years. The
company was recently Incorporated with an
authorized capital of $5,000,000. It represents
n merger of the Tsimpsean I'ower and Light
Company, and the Continental Power Com-
pany, owning exclusive water rights on the
Kahtada river, forty-two miles from Prince
Rupert, and at the Falls on the Exaw river,
twenty-eight miles from the same city. Eng-
lish. Frencli and Canadian capitalists are
interested in the proposed enterprise.
The president is C. H. Cahan, K.C., of
Montreal, president of the western Canada
Power Co.. whicli is developing Stave Lake
Falls for supplying power to Vancouver and
other points on the lower mainland. The gen-
eral manager is R. F. Hayward. who occupies
a similar position with the Western Canada
Corporation.
5 Inch Capacity. 175 lbs net.
RIGIDITY
is the foundation
principle for rapid
accurate cutting,
and this is pro-
vided in the ma-
chine illustrated.
Note the depth of
bed; also that the
drive-shaft, guide,
and saw blade are
in the same line,
securing a straight
even pull that
makes for speed
in cutting and
economy in
blades. Machine
is automatic and
rings the gong
when thru. Built
and finished as a
first-class machine
tool to withstand
the racket of con-
tinuous service.
THE FORD-SMITH MACHINE COMPANY
HAMILTON. ONTARIO
PURE ALUMINIUM
in the form of
Ingots, Sheets, Tubing, Bars, Angles, Rods, Lap Plates,
Moulding, Nails and Rivets always carried in stock.
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, - ENGLAND
General Agents: PARKE & LEIIH, 60 W. Front St., TORONTO., CAN.
Visit us in the MACHINERY HALL, at the CANADIAN
NATIONAL EXHIBITION.
Your Engines
demand some lubricant, they couldn't run without it. But
they will do their best only when
DIXON'S FLAKE GRAPHITE
is applied to them. Dixon's will make your engines last longer and
do more work with less wear and tear and no expense
for friction damage,
WRITE us FOR BOOKLET 223— C.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY
JERSEY CITY, .... N.J., U.S.A.
60
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
Wehave the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & GO.
HE8PELER, ONT.
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Our 1911 Catalogue of valu-
able information regarding
"CUSHMAN CHUCKS"
is now ready. Better v/rite for
it. It's free on request.
The Gushman Chuck Go.
Hartlord, Coon.. U.S.1.
IMmbllthad isat
TORONTO. ONT.— Although the filtration
pliiut is uot yet flotshed the coutroUers are
pliinDiug^ to eularge It, aail on Jan. 1, the
ratepayers will probably be asked to say
whether or not, seven more filter beds will
be added at a cost of $420,000.
FOSTER, QUE.— The Brome Lake Electric
Light Co. are making some extensive improve-
uieuis to their plant here.
VERMILION, ALTA.— The town will ex-
pend $15,000 for a municipal electric light
plant.
GHIMSBY, ONT.— On Sept. 5 the ratepayers
will vote on a by-law to grant a loan of |10,-
000 to the Radiant Electric Co.
DAVIDSON, SASK.— The ratepayers will
vote on a by-law to expend $10,000 for power
purposes.
INDIAN HEAD, ALTA.— The ratepayers
will, on Sept. 8, vote on a by-law to provide
$25,000 for extending waterworks, sewers and
electric light systems.
MIMICO, ONT.— The ratepayers will vote
on a by-law to expend $7,500 for a power
plant. Voting will take place Sept. 16.
HAMILTON, ONT.— A by-law providing
$505,100 for a municipal power plant carried
recently.
NAPANEE, ONT.— The by-law authorizing
the town to sell the municipal electric power
plant to the Seymour Electric Co. for $40,000
was carried.
INGERSOLL, ONT.— $25,000 will be spent
on improvements to the electric light plant
here.
PORT STANLEY, ONT.— .'V by-law was
passed whereby the town will purchase Mit-
chell's electric light plant and Install a Hy-
dro-Electric power and light plant.
MIDDLETON, N.S.— The contract to install
the electric light plant here was given to the
( .LiiMdiaii Oeiieral Klci'tric Cd. for $4,yiiO. The
machinery Is to be delivered within 60 days
and it is expected that the system will be
complete early in. October.
St. LA.MBERT, QUE.— The town council is
taking steps to extend the electric lighting
plant.
GENERAL MANCFACTCBING.
MONTREAL, QUE.- The Sultana Mfg. Co.
recently took out a permit for a $20,000 fire-
proof factory.
PORT ARTHUR, ONT.— Mr. Anderson is
Contemplating the establishment of a factory
here to manufacture wash tubs.
NEVl' WESTMINSTER, B.C.— The Tacoma
Match Co., of Tacoma, will probably establish
a factory here.
.\LLISTON, ONT.— Defriez & Woodman,
manufactDrers of high-class Jewelry and sil-
verware, will establish a factory here prob-
ably about the first of the year. The firm is
an amalgamation of three Toronto concerns.
GUELPH, ONT.— The Aspinwall Manufac-
turing Co., of Jackson, Mich., are taking steps
to double the capacity of their plant here.
They manufacture farm implements.
SARNIA, ONT.— Geo. S. Tlllotson, treas.
and manager of the Sterling Emery Wheel
Mfg. Co., of Tiffin, Ohio, was In town recent-
ly. He is contemplating the establishment of
a branch factory here.
BtJILDINO NOTE a.
SASKATOON, SASK.— G. A. Martin will
erect a three-storey temperance hotel here at
a cost of $70,000. The building will contain
140 bedrooms with bath, etc., in each.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— S. Jones will add six
storeys to his two-storey building at the
corner of Hastings and Hosmer Streets. The
estimated cost is $125,000.
WINNIPEG, MAN.— Sveral large building
permits were issued here recently, one to the
Swift (Canadian Co. for a wholesale market to
cost $58,000 and a new refrigerator building
to cost $30,000, and the other to the Sterling
Bank for an up-to-date building. Swift ana
Co.'s buildings will he thoroughly equipped
with refrigerators and cooling apparatus.
C.iNORA, SASK.— Jno. Limolt will make
extensive additions to his hotel here. The en-
tire building will be electric lighted, steam
heated and modernized by a system of flre
protection. The proprietor is Installing hii
own elrctric light and waterworks plant.
TORONTO, ONT.— MarK Bredin, general
manager of the newly formed Canada Bread
Co.. says that It is the Intention of the com-
pany to Immediately proceed in the erection
of a modern bread plant In Winnipeg. He al-
so intimated that the company would devote
particular attention to the western field with
(treat probability of it having plants In Re-
Xinn. Calgary and Vancouver.
PRINCE RUPERT. B.C.— Work has been
fommenced on the $250,000 storage plant for
Wallace & Co., canners, at Claxton on the
S keen a River.
SASKATOON, SASK.— W. M. Sherman, the-
Mlrl'iil manager of flic Shormnn enterprises,
Is preparing to erect a $100,000 playhouse here.
.Tesse .M. Warren, architect, recently prepar-
ed plans for an $86,000 bnlldlng for a com-
pany of local men. It will be a four-storey
fireproof and of reinforced concrete.
m
In Close Quarters
m
!^ Look at how our new Face Plate Jaws
operate in close quarters, coming close to-
gether at the centre like an ordinary chuck
for holding small work.
11
We make Face Plate laws from 4 to 14
inches
BORING MILL JAWS in all sizes.
LATHE CHUCKSof distinctly new design
WiriE FOB FULL DETAILS
S. E. HORTON MACHINE CO.
WINDSOR LOCKS, CONN., U.S.A.
(Not the E. Horton & Son Co.)
m
The
IMPERIAL
CHUCK
has proved through its re-
liable service that it is the
most eflHcient and economical
chuck on the market.
We want you to give it a
30 Day Free Trial and if not
satisfactory return to us at
our own expense. Our
chucks are guaranteed.
This fair offer should appeal
to you.
WRITE AT ONCE
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
CANADIAN MACHINERY
61
A Radial Drill
that will by foot power
drill holes up to one
inch without a pilot
hole, at the speed of an inch in six minutes; with the
slotted wings for' awkward work; inexpensive, but one of
the most useful tools ever designed.
This tool is the only
really effectual foot
drill on the market.
A tool that will earn
its cost many times
over.
Surface of Table Top, 23 x 12
Surface of Wings, - 23" x 10
Travel of head on arm, 18"
Arm will rise and fall, 6"
Sensitive movement, 4v,"
Radial movement of arm, 120°
Height over all - 5' 10"
Weight - - 720 lbs.
The Price is $108
at works in England
AGENTS.
WE ARE LOOKING FOR FIRMS WILLING TO
TAKE UP AGENCIES. WRITE TO
DRUMMOND BROS., Limited
Reid Hill, Guildford, Surrey, England
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery" in writing to advertisers.
62
CANADIAN MAClifNERY
A Means of Saving Time
With Dart Unions it is easy to make joints, on steam,
gas, air, oil or water pipes, that stay tight.
Your jobber has them and the name " DART " cast
on every union is the trade mark.
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can be (ecurad for any class of castinics by arransins your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
aervice when you consult with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS. CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS. CORES. OILS. Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.
'1
MAwm
Made
".Pronto -
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
^Aorm Lilcoly -to bm Aocura-to.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
SAW AND PI.ANINO MILLS.
LADN'KR, B.C. — A new saw mill, near East
Delta, operated by its proprietor, Mr. MoDer,
has started work. It has a cutting capacity
of 40.000 feet per day. A plauiug plant is
also being added.
VANCOUVER, B.C.— An electricully-drlven
saw mill and a box and door factory, repre-
senting an expenditure of $500,000 exclusive of
the site, will be erected at the upper end of
Lulu Island, by the British-Canadian Lumber
Corporation. The driving of piles has just
started and It is expected that the mill will
be ready by January 1. 300 men will be em-
ployed.
FKNELOX FALLS, ONT.— A disastrous
fire occurred here recently when Thomas and
Connell's saw mill was wiped out by fire. A
large shingle mill was also destroyed.
. MBRRITT, B.C.— Fire did $175,000 damage
to the Taylor mill here recently. The entire
plant, holds and 2,000,000 feet of lumber were
destroyed.
VICTORIA, B.C.— The Canadian Puget
Sound Lumber Co. have let a contract for
$25,000 refuse burner to the MusiJegon Boiler
Works at iluskegon, Mich.
CONTRACTS AWARDED.
HAMILTON, ONT.— Messrs. David Dick &
Sons, of Welland, Ont., have secured the con-
struction work in conuction with an addition
to be made to the plant of The International
Harvester Co. The structure will be of rein-
forced concrete, and cost approximately $250,-
000.
GUELPH. ONT.— The construction work In
connection with a factory for the Independent
Fire Co., has been awarded to Messrs. P. B.
Secord & Sons, of Brantford. The amount Is
reported to be $47,000.
MONTREAL, P.Q.— The tender of the North-
ern Electric Co. to install a police alarm sys-
tem throughout- Westmount was accepteil at
$!l,000 by the municipal council.
The Dominion Bridge Co. will do the steel
work on the new fire station which amounts
to .$4,420, and the tender was accepted of
Martin .T. Quigley for plumbing on the station,
amounting to $1,080.
NAME CHANGED AND PLANT ENLARGED.
The firm name of Bowes, Jamiesou & Co.,
Hamilton, Ont., Can., manufacturers of stoves
and ranges, has been changed to Bowes-Jamie-
son, Ltd. J. R. and J. W. Jamiesou, sons of
the former proprietor, will have charge of
the active management of the business. The
company is capitalized at $100,000. Shortly
after the first of the .vear the company will
enlarge its plant, the general arrangement of
the foundry will be changed and the tonnage
^\■iH lu' iiirre:w*v,] tr ' . t mi ■ s i y.
Molding machines will be Installed and some
work will be mounted on match-plates. The
company is in the market for a set of pat-
terns of a medium-priced line of warm air
furnaces.
ELECTRICAL STREET CONCRETE MIXERS
Something new in the line uf street concrete
mixers has been recently adopted by the city
of Montreal. The unique feature of the 4
row machines which were saopi ed >iy F. n.
Hopl-.hs &. Co. is that the/ are elHtrically
driven. The power is derived from 550 volt,
3-phase, 60 cycle induction motors. The mix-
ers are made to load at the end and discharge
at the rear, which makes them continuous in
operation. They can also travel by their own
power.
REFRIGERATION PLANT ORDER
The Hume Hotel, Nelson, B.C., has contract-
ed with the Armstrong Alachlnery Co., Spo-
kane, Wash., for the installation of a 3-ton
refrigeration plant for general hotel use. It
will be operated under the direct expansion
service and installed at once. One of the new
type Alaskan compressors will be used.
BIO SMELTER FOR KENOBA.
There is every indication that Kenora, Ont.,
will have the biggest plant for the treatment
of iron ores by electricity in the Dominion.
Plans are about completed for the establish-
ment at Kenora of a gigantic smelter for
treating electrically the iron ores of a newly
found field near Dlnorwle, on the C.P.R. The
vicinity of Keewatin Power company's dam
within the town limits will be the site of the
new smelter, and the 40,000 horse power avail-
able at the dam will be utilized. Several
thousand men will necessarily be employed,
and Kenora will receive a great Impetus In
every way. The new company, among whom
Is Cawthra Mulock, of Toronto, have retained
the Reese Engineering Co., of Winnipeg, as
technical advisors.
RUBBER BELT ORDER.
The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., of Can-
ada, Ltd., have received an order for 12.000
feet of Elevator Belting, being the rubber belt
equipment of 27 elevators f»r the Province of
Saskatchewan.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
63
CATALOGUES.
Tbe nomluloii Belting Co., Hamilton, Ont.,
!ire distributing among tlielr customers and
friends, a set of pretty girl blatters, emblem-
atic of various well-known llowers.
Butterfleld & Co.. Rock Island, Que., have
Issued a new catalogue descriptive of their
large line of Screw Plates, Taps, Dies and
Reamers. The catalogue includes several use-
ful tables, such as sizes of tap drills, etc.
Like most of tbe leading tap makers, Butter-
field & Co. are urging the disuse of tbe V
thread.
Tbe Garvin Machine Co.. Nevp York, have
forwarded us a copy of their new catalogue,
Kdition DA. which Illustrates and describes
some of their numerous machine tool produc-
tions, including Profiling, Duplex Milling and
Vertical Spindle Milling Machines; Universal
Cutter and Surface Grinders, Vertical, Hori-
zontal and Automatic Tapping Machines,
Gang Drills and many others. The catalogue
is of convenient size — 6 by 9 inches and at-
tractively got up.
SWIFT MOTOR CAR GO.
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUlfACTURERS OF
THE'*SWIFT"
MARINE ENGINE
SIMONDS
(Sl-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades
For both
Hand and
Power
Machi ne
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting .steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. John, N.B. Vancouver, B.C.
It i/u LntltuStat*i^SimonUsMle.Co,
Wben writing advertisers kindly men-
tion having seen the advertisement in
this paper.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
3 Front St. W., Toronto
RAM Q and SUPPLIES
•I'ML-O New ind Seoond-hind
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc
Old Material BouKht and Sold.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
M'" "'SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patentt Perfected
QEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Ruchlns and Pleating Machinery.
Do Your
Tumbling
in a Globe improved
Tiltintt Tumbler and
get tlnest reaultR,
quickest wiit cheap-
est It is made in &ix
sizes for all purposes
for wet or dry work.
"GLOBE"
Dies aud Stampings.
Special Manufacturing
Contract Work.
If you want to get
an interesting little
magazine free, agi
for "THK SIL-
ENT PARTNER,"
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.
899 Hamilton Street. Cleveland, O.
Canadian Aeent:
H. W. PETRIE, Front, .St. W., Toronto, Canada
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRIN€ CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
^ALL KINDS-^
Difficulh Core Work a Specialty
Mi^h Grade • Ri^H Prices • Prompt' Delivery
SAr/s/^Acro/fr work ovARANTteo
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
25a CATtltRINt STREET NORTH
HAMILTON , ONT
PATTERNS
AND
MODELS
of every description
made of wood or mel-
al.andforsU purposes.
When your Pattern
Shdp is crowded eend
some work here for
well mad* patterns,
made your way.
IPEC'Al ATTENTION GIVEN
TO 8NEAK OOWN JOIS AND
HUNRIEO WORK
Also the Drauthtlne of any kind of machlninr
wJiether Mechanical or Electrical
116BerkeleySt.
TORONTO
JAMES SIBLEY
Phone Main .S603
TTER
FOR
Tall kinds or i^achine '
WORK.tvlAOE IN
WOOD. BRASS
'WHITE METAL OR IRON
by the vtry highest class of skillea^
mechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
87 JarvisSt.Toronto, Canada
Telephone
Uaia 2672
THE DOWNER
PATTERN WORKS
116 Adelaide St. West
TORONTO
All classess of patterns
in wood or metal.
Our work is good, our
prices are right.
HAVE US MAKE YOUR
PATTERNS
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery" in Tvriting to advertisers.
64
CANADIAN MACHINEEY
The Advance Machine Works Co.
i77a Canning St., Montreal, Que.
Btniral Maohlns Work. Construction and
Rapairt to Stoam Plants. Tannorles,
Prlatlac. Paint and Wood Workinc
Plants. Automobiles. Etc.
OXY ACETYLENE WELDING
■STAB«.I»<60
INCOBPORATED
I oos
Smilhs Falls
Jrfanxmicwrerj
MALLEABLE
• IRON •
CASTINGS
TWO PLANTS °l|
^P^^eoOOTONS J
Smith's Falls Ontario
f rraosr, raesioenr
■J V
imofi
8t. Catharines Brass Works
Manufacturers of
Aluminum, Brass, Bronze ind Copper Castings
Send US your patterns for trial,
ST. CATHARINES. ONT.
TEL. HAW 4158
329 ST. JtMES
The Foss &, Hill Mach'y Go.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Schumacher & B03'C. . Lathes
The O. A. Gray Co Planers
The Cincinnati L.athe & Tool Co. 16" Lathes
The Mueller Machine Tool Co. Radial DrIU
Hoeter Machine Tool Co.. Drill Presses
The Queen City Muchine Tool Co., Sbapers
London Concrete Machinery Co.,
Concrete 3Iixers, Moulds, Et«.
The J. T. Sloconib Co.. . . Micrometers
Wood and Iron M'orliinsr Machinery.
I'ipe Threading Machines.
Stone Crushers.
tfangers. Shafting, Pulleys, Beltlni:.
Gasoline Engines, Hcwk Saws.
Canadian Hart Corundum Wheels in Stock.
DISTRIBUTING AGENTS FOR
The Dominion Metal Co.'s Babbitt
Estitnates ffivvn
on application
Castings of all
Descriptions
MAASS BROS.
IRVING AVENUE
OTTAWA, ONT.
MACHINE SHOP AND MAN-
UFACTURING MACHINISTS
Shafting. Pulleys. Hansers, Emery Wheel
Stands. Curling Stones, Boat Winches, Saw
Arbors, Lath and Bolter Machines. General
Mill Machinery.
Pulp Mill Work a Specialty
Bournet & Blanchard
(opposite the Post Office)
LACHINE - QUEBEC
Machinists and Tool Makers.
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Manufacturers o f Gasoline
Motors.
Write u« for prices.
We mak
LET US
All weidhts up to ^.ooo lbs.
ake a s^ecial^ of difficult cored
__ ^- ^^.. work
figure: on your requirements
Galt Foundrv Co, GaltQnt.
T. W. Broadbent, Ltd., Victoria Electrical
Worlis, Huddersfleld. England, haye Issued a
new leaflet UestTlptive of their N type alter-
nating motors for one, two and three phase
circuits. A special feature of these motors Is
the robustness of their construction, both
mechanically and electrically, all Insulating
materials being especially selected with a view
to withstanding the high temperatures due to
heavy and frequent overloads. The motors
are well suited to conditions requiring a
motor that is practically indestructible;
while at the same time they have a high etti-
cleney and power factor, with small percent-
age of slip.
The Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co.'s new
Catalogue L has lately reached us. It Is very
compact, yet complete, and illustrates the
numerous high-class pneumatic tools manu-
factured by the firm; Including Riveting,
Chipping, Beading and Calking Hammers;
HeverslLile and Non-Reversible Drills; Grind-
ers, Floor and Bench Rammers, etc., etc. All
the air drills have annular ball bearings on
the crank shaft, a feature which originated
with this company, and one which gives con-
siderable gain in power over machines with
plain bearings. All the tools and machines
are illustrated and described, and the cata-
logue also contains accurately compiled tables
of capacities, arranged for ready reference.
The Browning Engineering Co., Cleveland,
Ohio, have sent us a copy of their new cata-
logue of Locomotive Cranes, which has Just
been Issued. The book is well got up, and
illustrated by numerous half-tones, showing
their well-known cranes at work under varied
conditions. The company makes locomotive
cranes of all types, operated by steam, elec-
tricity or air. Their general construction is-
fully described in the catalogue, and Impresses
one with their apparent fitness and capacity
for efficient, reliable and economical service.
"Hydraulic Punjps. Catalogue No. 81" la
the title of a new 120-page 6x9 catalogue de-
scriptive of many standard, and several new
types of hydraulic pumps. This catalogue.
Issued and sent free by the Watson-StiUman
Co., 50 Church Street, New York, contains
valuable Information for hydraulic engineers
and users of hydraulic machinery.
Hawksley, Wild & Co., Sheffield, England,
have sent us a 4-page leaflet containing an
illustrated description of the "Brightslde"
water-tube boiler manufactured by them. The
cuts represent 4 and 6-drum types for hand-
firing, as also an adaptation of superheater
and chain grate stoker. The tubes are
straight and almost vertical, and are arrang-
ed without headers and caps. The arrange-
ment generally is compact and provides for
high efficiency and ease of overhaul and in-
spection.
The Dudbrldge Iron Works, Stroud, Glou-
cester, England, have Issued an 18-page cata-
logue, descriptive of the Dudbrldge new type
gas engines and gas producer plants. The
constructional details are fully illustrated and
described, and show features worthy the at-
tention of all interested in this form of power
generation.
Bulletin No. 48. "Resistance to Flow
Through Locomotive Water Columns," by
Arthur N. Talbot and Melvln L. Enger, re-
cords the results of tests of fourteen of the
principal forms of locomotive water column*
or cranes In use on the railways of the Unit-
ed States. Besides giving the loss of head
at various rates of discharge, the tests pro-
vide data on the hydraulic cliaracterlstlcs of
the valves. Water hammer, relief valves,
friction losses through pipe lines, and
methods to be used In the design of water
service installations are also considered. The
bulletin should be of Interest to motive pow-
er and maintenance of way men. Copies of
this bulletin may be obtained gratis upon
application to W. F. M. Goss, Director of the
Engineering Experiment Station, University
of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.
BOOK REVIEW.
STEAM TURBINES— By Joseph W. Roe.
A.S.M.E., A.I.M.E.. Assistant Professor of
Mechanical Engineering. Sheffield Scientific
School, Yale University ; 143 pages, 6x9 inches,
illustrated; published by The McGraw-Hill
Book Co., 239 West 39th St., New York.
This is a short treatise on the theory, de-
sign and field of operation of steam turbines
and has been written to provide a text-book
suited to a short course on the subject. In
engineering schools, and also to provide a
book for the engineer on the principles and
general design of turbines, without going In-
to refined treatment of the more difficult prob-
lems entering Into that design.
The author treats of all types of turbine
and at the end of each section gives a list of
references to other works on the subject. The
mechanical problems of construction are fully
dealt with, and there Is an extremely Inter-
esting chapter dealing with the relative econ-
omy of steam engines and turbines.
71.
io
The Montreal Technical School, its Mission and Equipment
By L. G. Dennison, B.A., B.Sc, Montreal
The Rapid Growth and Develop'ment in Canada of Mechanical and Electrical Engi-
neering Pursuits, and the Desire to Excel in These Competitively With Other and
Older Countries, has Called Forth the Necessity for Facilities and Opportunities,
By Which the Practical Work of the Factory may be Turned to Better Account
Through a Judicious Admixture of Technical Training. Technical Schools are in
Project by all the Leading Manufacturing Centres of our Country, and That of
Montreal Which Forms the Subject of this Article, is Among the First of its Kind
to be Completed and Open for the Reception of Students.
'pHE lack ot an efficient technical
*• training institution has been keen-
ly felt for some considerable time in
Montreal, and while efforts have been
put forth on various occasions to deal
satisfactorily and successfully with the
question, only recently did these as-
sume that definite shape, the culmina-
tion ot which has been the building
and equipment of a Technical School,
costing approximately $825,000.00, and
creditable to Canada's Metropolitan
City.
Foundation and Buildings.
Founded, built, equipped and annually
subsidised by the Provincial Govern-
ment of Quebec, and in receipt of a large
yearly grant from the City of Mon-
treal, this school is intended to provide
adequate and complete instruction in
manual trades generally, from the theo-
retical and technical standpoint, at
moderate fees, to day and evening stu-
dents. Its location is 70 Sherbrooke
Street West, and the birds-eye view,
fig. 1, gives a good idea of the lay-out
and ground covered. The buildings are
arranged in' two distinct sections : the
main structure being on Sherbrooke
Street, and the workshop in the rear.
The ground measurement is 153,000
Square feet.
Main Building and Organization.
The nia'n building which is wholly
fireproof, comprises the following. The
offices of the Adminstration, several
suites used for teaching, including six
class rooms, two amphitheatres with
seating capacity of 100 each ; physical
and mechanical laboratory, chemical
laboratory, store rooms for materials,
museum of industries, library, etc. In
the centre there is a large graded semi-
circular arhphitheatre with seating ca-
pacity for 600.
The different sections of the main
building offer ideal conditions from the
standpoint of comfort and hygiene. The
class rooms are large, and equipped to
secure complete satisfaction with re-
spect to light, ventilation and beating.
A commodious waiting room, toilet
rooms, shower baths, and appropriate
furniture throughout, conspire to im-
press one that expense and effort has
not been spared to provide a thoroughly
up-to-date establishment for its parti-
cular purpose. It is proposed to aug-
.t::-:|. .Jivr~'P^-
■'W.S Jsi"
fimn^a t/e J^iCtr/tei\u
ECOLE TECHNIQUE DE MONTREAL
FIG. 1.— BIRDS-EYE VIEW, MONTREAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL.
^
262
ment the equipment and teaching ap-
paratus by directing the work ot the
students accordingly, during each school
course. Instruction will be given in
both languages, French and English.
Work Shops and Power Plant.
The workshops are laid out on similar
lines to those of modem industrial con-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
electrical groups with direct connection,
as follows :
1— One of 25 K.W., consisting of a gas
motor Duplex, with Canadian General
Electric dynamo ;
2— One ot 35 K.W., consisting of a
Robb-Armstrong horizontal steam en-
gine, with Canadian Crocker-Wheeler dy-
namo ;
The I'owcr House— Montreal Teobuical School.
oens ; in the centre is the power house,
and around are the foundry, machine
shop, smith shop and electrical labora-
tory.
The boiler room equipment consists ot
two Babcock and Wilcox boilefs and
one Delaunay-Belleville marine type
boiler. The B. &. W. boilers have chain
grates, operated by a Miller Bros. &
Toms engine. The heating apparatus tor
all the buildings is installed in the boil-
er room.
3— One compound vertical Bellis-Mor-
com engine, connected to a 75 K.W.
Westinghouse dynamo ;
4 — One Goldie-McCullough Corliss en-
gine, connected to a 125 K.W. AUis-
Chalmers-Bullock dynamo.
An air compressor tor the foundry, a
storage battery with capacity ot 200
ampere-hours, and switchboard tor the
control of the light and power, also
form part of the eng'ine room equip-
ment.
The Switchboard.
In the engine room are installed four In keeping with the high quality and
linish ot the various units, is the
switchboard fig. 2, built and designed
by the Hill Electric Switch & Manu-
facturing Company, Montreal. It con-
sists of two feeders, one accumulator,
and three generator panels of polished
white Italian marble, which furnish
a most attractive background tor the
highly fmished copper fittings. The
feeder panel, from which radiate the
Various power circuits, contains a
Bristol watt-hour meter for recording
total station output, and three double
pole plain overload Conriit circuit
breakers. The lighting feeders are con-
trolled by knife switches, with enclos-
ed fuses on the faCe of the board. The
accumulator panel has besides the
meters, an underload breaker, a bat-
tery rheostat, and an eleven point end
cell switch. The generator panels are
equipped with Weston flush-type am-
meters, of range 150 per cent, of gen-
erator output ; and have three pole
knife switches with fuses on the rear of
the board. The voltmeter, fig. 3 on a
swinging arm at the extreme left, can
be made to indicate either the bus
bar voltage, the voltage of any machine,
or the drop of potential between bus
bars and ground. The marble slabs, 7
feet high and two inches thick, rest on
the floor thirty inches from the wall.
Machine Shop.
The machine shop has an area ot
11,340 square feet, and contains the
following machines, grouped in three
sections, each driven by a 15 H.P.
motor. Ten plain lathes of 10 inches,
twelve screw cutting lathes of different
makes from 12 inches to 18 inches , one
Pratt & Whitney tool-room lathe ; one
geared-head Hendey lathe ; three screw
machines, one ot which is automatic ;
four shapers, two planers ; one seven-
inch slotting machine ; eleven drills from
ten to twenty inches ; one Brown &
CD C3 C3
#i9^MH44
*"l«. 'i— SwlU'libourU by the HIU Electric Bwitcb Co., at the Montreul Technical School.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
263
Sharpe universal milling machine ; one
plane and one vertical milling' machine;
one profile milling machine ; one penta-
graph milling machine ; one universal
grinding machine ; one gear cutter ;
five tool grinders ; one buffer ; two cen-
tering machines ; two mandril presses
and a two ton portable crane.
tion is served by a trolley of two tons
Capacity., An underground installation
of compressed air provides for the work-
ing of the elevator and other pneiima-
tic tools and machines.
Other foundry equipment consists of
two molding presses, one core machine,
one coning machine, two core ovens.
The Machiue Shop— Montreal Technical School.
In addition to the above, there are the
following large machines, each driven
by its own electric motor ; six screw
cutting lathes with attachments, one
thirty-inch vertical lathe, one chucking
lathe, one three foot radial drill, one
horizontal boring mill and one floor
planer. The space reserved for erecting
is served by a three ton traveling crane.
The tool store contains a full line of
hand tools, measuring and tracing in-
struments, such as usually used in the
best shops, also two Stewart combina-
tion gas furnaces..
Eighty vises, and 160 sets of indivi-
dual tools complete the installation.
Forge.
The forge has an area of 5,210 square
feet, and comprises twenty-four
Sturtevant forges, twenty- four anvils,
and one Buffalo Heating Furnace. The
draft is underground and is produced by
a 9 H.P. electric fan, while a 4 H.P. elec-
tric motor provides the necessary blast.
The other equipment consists of a
steam hammer of 170 pounds, one ibelt
driven hammer of 75 pounds, an emery
tool grinder, a bar shear, a POst drill,
two swedge blocks, two blacksmith
vises and one tool bench and vise.
Foundry.
The foundry has an area of 5,210
Square feet, and is provided with
one King cupola of two tons ca-
pacity per hour, one oil melting
furnace, a Piat combined cupola and a
200 pound crucible furnace. This sec-
one sand sifter, one sand mill, one sand
mixer, two snagging wheels, one torch
heater and molder's benches for twen-
ty-four pupils.
Wood- Working Shop.
The area of the woodworking shop is
6,811 s luare feet, and the machinery in-
cludes eight power wood lathes, four
electric driven lathes of variable
speed, one electric band saw, one cir-
cular saw, one gig saw, one buzz plan-
er, one Pony planer, one mortising ma-
chine, one tenoning machine, one drill,
one shaper, two grindstones, one irim-
raer, one automatic band saw filing and
setting machine, one knife grinder and
one band saw brazer. There are ihirty
benches, with two separate sets of small
tools each.
Electrical Section.
The electrical shop, covering an area
of 2,714 square feet, .adjoins the machine
shop, thereby allowing use to be made
of the latter as required. The follow-
ing machines are installed :
One armature banding and heading ma-
chine, one notching press, one shear,
one pair of smoothing rolls and one
buffer.
Annexed is an electro-dynamics labora-
tory, containing the following five
groups of rotary transformers :
1 — One single-phase asynchrone motor
coupled to a direct current dynamo.
2— One direct current motor coupled
to a three phase generator.
3 — One series dynamo with shunt dy-
namo.. .
4 — One six-change commutator.
5— One direct current motor coupled
to an alternator giving single-phase,
two-phase, or three-phase current, as
desired, and the switchboard already de-
scribed, whiich provides for eleoteical
connections and measurements, as de-
sired tor experimental purposes.
Heating and Ventilating Systems.
The system of heating adopted, is that
known as "Forced Hot Water Circula-
tion," and is designed to be operated in
connection with a high pressure power
plant, utilizing exhaust steam from en-
gines, pumps, and other apparatus.
The heating medium, hot water, is cir-
culated from the power house through
the different buildings, by steam driven
turbine pumps. The installation com-
prises two large heating tanks, one for
exhaust, and the other for live steam ;
so arranged that when the amount of
The Black-smith Shop— Montreal Technical Pchool.
264
CANADIAN MACHINERY
exhaust steam available for heating is
insufficient to maintain the desired
temperature in the buildings, an auto-
matic valve opens, and allows the
water of circulation to pass through the
live steam heater before being forced
through the buildings.
The particular features of this ar-
rangement, consist in utilizing every
SPUR GEARS.
By G. D. Mills, Montreal.
'pHE immediately preceding example,
■*■ in our August issue, determines the
load on the wheels from a known velo-
city and required horsepower. Many
machines are, however, subjected to
shocic loads which double the stress on
the teeth, and produce a load largely in
The Foundry — Montreal
pound of exhaust steam before live
steam is requisitioned, and the conse-
quent absence of back pressure on the
engines. During many weeks of opera-
tion under severe conditions last win-
ter, the temperature of water returning
to the power house was less than ten
degrees below the out-going temperature,
and several occasions dropped only two
degrees.
The buildings are ventilated by means
of large ventilating fans and steam
tempering coils, the temperature of the
whole being regulated by the Powers
System o* Automatic Temperature Con-
trol. Thirty cubic feet of fresh air per
minute per pupil is supplied and ex-
hausted in all class rooms, and liberal
ventilation given in the work shops.
Another interesting feature of the me-
chanical equipment, is the vacuum clean-
ing outfit provided for all portions of
the main Academic Building.
The heating, ventilating, vacuum clean-
tag, and major portion of the electrical
installation were designed and super-
vised by Huey & Bellanger, consulting
engfineers, since incorporated under the
name of the Canadian Domestic Engi-
neering Company, Limited, 5 Beaver
Hall Square, Montreal.
The material and cuts for this arti-
cle, were furnished by the courtesy of
the sdiool management, the consulting
engineers and the diOerent contractors.
Technical School.
excess of that which the horsepower and
velocity indicates. Further, wheels
which are to be run at differet speeds
should be designed for the speed which
produces the largest load. The preced-
ing method has been used more particu-
larly to show how the Lewis Formula
for horsepower can be used to determine
the load on the teeth, and if the load is
known, the teeth can be designed ac-
cordingly.
Horse Power of Electric Motors.
The horsepower of electric motors is
measured similarly ; the load being de-
termined by mean's of a device known as
a Prony Brake, which consists of two
curved blocks clamped on the motor pul-
ley and provided with thumb screws to
regulate the pressure. The lower block
is extended with an evenly balanced
wood arm of convenient length, in the
end ot which is fastened a lag screw.
The point of the screw pressing on the
platform of a scale, registers the load
in pounds transmitted from the motoic
by means of its torque or twisting
stress, and the anMunt of torque equals
the number of pounds registered on the
scale, multiplied by the length of the
lever arm in feet from the centre of pul-
ley to the centre of lag screw. The
electrical formula reads, H.P.^
2 X 3.1416 X T X S
— , in which T =
33,000
torque, and S = revolutions per minute.
In measuring the load by this method,
we have increased the diameter of the
motor pulley to twice the length of the
lever arm, or the lever arm is the radius
of the circle through which the load is
measured, and 3.1416 is multiplied by 2
for this reason. The Lewis and electri-
cal formulae are therefore identically
Cears and Pulueys.
D : d :: r : r
n- pitch, diameter of driver
d.r
R
J — II » " driven
= r
R = revolutions per minute of driver
d.r
= D
hr
r = " .... driven
- d
N : n : : r : R
N= number of teeth m driver
driven
R = revolutions per minute of driver = N
I ■ A/./?
r = • " - - driven - n
the same, although presented in some-
what different form. The electrical
formula may be made to read H.P.=
2 X 3.1416 X radius in feet X regis-
tered load in lbs. X revs, per min. ^-
33,000, and the Lewis formula H.P.=
3.1416 X diameter in feet X rev. per
minute X load -^33.000.
Fig 3 — Swinglof Arm Voltmeter on Switcbboard — Montreal Technical School.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
265
Pitch Diameter and Number of Teeth.
Tho pitch diameters or number of teeth
may also be determined from the fore-
going equations. These are derived in
each case from the diameters or teeth
and speeds. The proportions by which
the pitch diameters are calculated,
serve equally well for pulleys, when the
diameter of pulley is substituted.
Wheels, which work together continu-
ally in one direction, must necessarily
wear on one side of the teeth. In order
to equalize this wear, due provision
should be made to reverse the wheels on
their respective shafts. This operation
will not be called for, however, if they
are reversed by the action of the driv-
ing mechanism.
Templets.
An essential feature, in the mamifac-
ture of spur gears, is a templet of tooth
profiles, by which the cutting and finish-
ing operation may be brought to some
degree of accuracy. While templets of
only a few teeth are advocated, a full
templet of the entire number in a wheel,
which can be traced on sheet zinc and
cut out, is the only perfect guide by
which the inaccuracies of cutting and
finishing may be remedied. This is per-
haps, a tedious and expensive plan,
where only one or a few wheels are re-
quired, but when numbers of gears of the
same size are to be made, it is the cor-
rect thing to do. A wheel, which is per-
fectly cut and finished, will wear evenly
on each tooth, while a gear which is de-
fective, is obliged to wear more on the
teeth which are incorrectly formed or de-
fective in spacing. It is therefore safe
to say, that if a wheel wears excessively
on a few teeth, there are sure to exist
defects of some kind in those teeth. One
rotary gear cutter can only be perfect
for one number of teeth of its diametral
pitch, and its profile should be formed
with due provision for the finish of that
number of teeth. As tooth faces which
have been formed by a rotary cutter are
utterly unfit for use unless they are filed
or otherwise finished, rotary cutters
usually have a range of several numbers
ol teeth whose profiles closely resemble
it, and the cutter will cut them equally
correct, if a templet is provided while
while the teeth are being finished. The
finish of the eng-aging faces of gear teeth
is quite as important as the finish of a
shaft bearing. Well finished teeth add
to the life and efficiency of a well cut
wheel, although gears are often made de-
fective in finishing, by reason of the fact
that no templet of the teeth is provided.
Tooth Profiles.
Spur gear teeth, in common use, are
divided in two classes, and known as
double curve and single curve, or cy-
cloidal and involute teeth. The cycloidal
or double curve tooth is composed of
two curves. The upper curve, or that
part of the profile which projects from
the pitch circle, is known as part of an
epicycloid, and is obtained by the geo-
metrical operation of rolling a generat-
ing circle on the outer circumference of
the pitch circle. The lower curve is
known as part of a hypocycloid,
and is obtained by rolling a
generating circle in an opposite direc-
tion on the inner circunaforence of the
pitch circle. The operation necessary to
produce one perfect profile, however, is
not by any moans unimportant and has
led to the adoption of an approximate
method, extensively used, and closely re-
sembling the true profile in normal
wheels.
The Involute Curve.
The involute curve is obtained by un-
winding a string from a cylinder. In-
volute or single curve teeth are more
generally used than cycloidal teeth.
The base of the single curve extends be-
low the pitch circle, while the remain-
ing portion of flank, between the fillet
at the bottom of tooth and the base cir-
cle, radiates with the centre of the
wheel.
Fig. 3 contains a diagram by which
the diameter of the base circle of
the involute curve may be determined
graphically, and also calculated. Invo-
lute teeth are more commonly distin-
guished by their angle of obliquity ; this
being the oblique angle which the curve
assumes with respect to a line throug'b
the centre of the wheel, and through the
commencing point of the curve. The an-
gle of pressure is at right angles to the
angle of obliquity hence the angle of
pressure equals 90 degrees minus the an-
gle of obliquity. In Fig. 3 the ang'le ot
obliquity is 14^ degrees, being the angle
in Common use for ordinary wheels. Thej
pressure angle 75^ degrees is defined by
the lines e-c-f- and g-c-h, which are each
75^ degrees with the perpendicular line
a-c. A circle, tangent to these two
lines, is the base circle of the involute
curve. One line is usually sufflcient,
however, in drawing the wheel.
Calculation of Base Circle Diameter.
In order to calculate the diameter of
the base circle, we shall apply principles
of trigonometry. It will be noticed that
a circle has been described on the ra-
dius of the pitch circle which intersects
the line e-c-f at "d". A line at right an-
Fig. 3 — Spur Gears.
266
CANADIAN MACHINERY
gles to e-c-f from the centre "a " ter-
minat«s at "d," which point is also the
point oi tangency of the tiase circle, as
well as the intersecting point o( the
semi-circle ; therefore the triangle a-d-c
is a right angled triangle, since we can-
not draw any other in a semi-circle
with lines from the extremities of its
diameter, to a point on its semi-circum-
I«rence. This is well defined in the 3rd
book of Euclid, proposition 31. The an-
gle at "c" is equal to the opposite an-
gle of pressure 75 J degrees, as defined in
the 1st book of Euclid, proposition 15,
and the aagle at '"a" is its complement,
or the angle of obliquity 14i degrees.
The hypotenuse of the triang^le a-d-c,
is the radius of the pitch circle a-c-, and
the radius of the base circle of involute
curve is the line a-d, therefore the ra-
dius of the pitch circle a-c, multiplied
by the sine of pressure angle, or divided
by the secant of the angle of obliquity,
equals the radius of the base circle a-d.
The diameter of the base circle can also
be determined in a like manner, multi-
plying the diameter of the pitch circle
by the sine of the pressure angle, or
dividing it by the secant of the angle ol
obliquity. From the preceding, it will
be noted, that with every change made
in the angle ol pressure, a corresponding
change effects the triangle in the semi-
circle ; viz. : the angle at "a" is alwayi
the angle ~ of obliquity and its com-
plement is the angle of pressure. In the
lower part of Fig. 3 will be found the
sines of the pressure angles in general
use and with which we may readily de-
termine either the radius or diameter of
the base circle of the involute curve
without the aid of a protractor.
Applicability of the Chain Drive to Power Transmission
By C. T. R.
The Writer Points Out the Particular Circumstances Which Led to the Introduction of
Chain Driving for Power Transmission Purposes, the Conditions Under Which It is Not
Possible to Make Use of the System, and Details the Special Features Which Have Con-
'' tributed to Highly Satisfactory Results in Numerous Installations.
T^OW, that electricity is being so lar-
^' gely utilized by manufacturers
and power-users in Canada, it is neces-
sary to consider carefully the question
of methods of transniission, because of
the fact that this governs to a lesser or
greater extent, the aifference between
the cost per horse power charged by the
Power Co , and the cost per useful or
productive horse power at the machine.
Hitherto, the steam, gas or oil engine
has provided a margin of power gener-
ally sufficient to cover losses in trans-
mission without showing any increase on
the power bill ; but as power companies
charge for the current taken by the mo-
tor and not the actual horse power at
the machine, then, unless the transmis-
sion is efficient and the frictional losses
low, hundreds nf dollars may be paid
each year for something which is not
available for production purposes.
Chain Drive Limitations.
There are many locations and condi-
tions, particularly suited for belts, ropes
and gears, and these systems will never
be discarded ; yet as the system of
power transmission by chain has become
more widely known, its advantages have
been quickly appreciated and its popular-
ity greatly increased among prominent
Canadian firms. Chain driving of course
has its limitations ; for instance where
power has to be transmitted at right
angles, or where the driving and driven
shafts run in opposite directions. This
latter instance in itself debars its use
on fully halt the machine tools in ser-
vice, and where otherwise it would be
applicable. Chains are not affected by
moisture, heat or oil ; belts and ropes
tend to slip under such conditions, with
resultant loss of power accompanied by
destructive heat. It was, however, in
cases where shafts were too far apart
for gears and too near for belts or ropes
that chains made their debut. Their suc-
cess in these fields, suggested trials in
others.
Some Types of Chain for Power Trans-
mission.
Fig. 1 represents the patent liner
silent chain for speeds up to 1,300 ft.,
and having special provision for lubrica-
tion at still hig-her speeds.
Fig. 3 represents the bush roller chain
for speeds ranging from 400 to 900 ft.
per minute.
Fig. 4 represents the solid steel block
chain for speeds up to 400 ft. per min-
ute.
In each type, the links of the chain
are blanked from steel strips ot high
tensile strength, and the bearing sur-
faces are of case-hardened steel. Brieflly
put the patent silent chain is suitable
for practically all classes of high speed
drive, the roller chain for heavy moder-
ate speed drives as for automobile trans-
mission, and the steel block chain to the
variety purposes for which the malleable
link chains have hitherto been used. In
the present article, attention is directed
only to th'e patent liner silent chain, on
pic. J— Solid Su<l Block Cham UmJ lor ■
Vaff«tr of Purposes.
lis. la.
CANADIAN MACHINEEY
267
account of its being especially suitable for
use in conjunction with electric motors.
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 show typical
applications. The advantages claimed
for the patent liner silent chain are
briefly as follows :
Efficiency.
The efficiency is high, and moreover, is
constant throughout its life. The prin-
ciple of the chain is that of tooth gear-
service, which originally replaced other
forms of transmission that could not
standi the severity of the load and con-
tinuous service. These drives have been
running regularly night and day, and
apart from receiving lubrication, have
not given any trouble. Other drives
have been in regular service upwards of
seven years, and with improvements in
design and . manufacture since then, even
sprockets. Noise is only produced when
the chain speed is excessive, and when
the number of teeth becomes very low.
Design.
The success of a chain drive is of
course essentially a function of the de-
sign and material of construction. In
a well designed gear, the action of the
chain entering the wheel is purely a roll-
Fiar. 1— Hans Renold Patent Liner Silent Chain.
Fig. 2 — Bush Roller Chain Drive for Heavy Loads and Moderate Speed.
ing, and all possibility of slip is elimin-
ated. Journal friction, i.e., loss of
power, is a minimum, as the chain can
be run practically slack on the wheels.
With belts, considerable tension is fre-
quently necessary, and particularly so
with the small pulleys of high speed
electric motors.
Durahility.
This is largely g-overned by the condi-
tions of each particular drive. We un-
derstand that there were drives instal-
led in Canada 5 years ago, and still in
better results may be expected. Chains
wear of course, after continuous service,
but for the reason that they automa-
tically rise on the wheel teeth as the
pitch increases, the efficiency keeps con-
stant.
Quiet Running.
In many instances, the gear makes no
greater sound than a medium sized belt.
It is impossible to have metallic pieces
moving with absolute silence, and its
degree is affected by the speed of the
chain and the number of teeth in the
Fig. 4-
- A Typical 65 H.P. Silent Chain Drive. 'Wheels IS and 65 T. Diameters, 7.5" x 31.25"
Chain. l.S" Pitch, C" wide. Shaft centres. 5 feet.
ing one, see Fig. la, and except on
wheels with exceptionally few teeth,
sliding and hammering may be practical-
ly eliminated. The strength of a chain
depends more upon the bearing area (see
fig. 1) of the studs connecting the links,
than any other feature, and this should
be ample with the load distributed. The
material of the wheels should be influ-
enced by the ratio of the speeds between
the driver and driven shafts, and should
be such that the wear on each wheel is
the same. The life is considerably short-
ened if the wear on the wheels is noit
proportional.
Compactness.
This is probably one of the most im-
portant advantages chain transmission
offers over belts or ropes, and it secures
admission for the system into an un-
limited field of application. The chain
sprockets are approximately one half
the size of belt pulleys of the same capa-
city, and they may be placed quite close
together, thus economizing in space, and
often providing a more convenient and
satisfactory arrangement of machines.
.A.gain, the width of the chain is usually
about one third the width of a belt for
the same power. '■
To many, the first cost of a chain
drive is an obstruction ; this being about
50 per cent, for small powers, and as
268
\ CANADIAN MACHINERY
low as 35 per cent, tor large powers,
higher than a belt drive of equal capa-
city. It should be borne in mind, how-
cTer, that higher efficiency, saving in
power and increased production, mean
more satisfactory transmission, at low
Cost. There are several hundred chain
drives in use in Canada, a large major-
ity of which are transmitting upwards
ol 200 h.p., with centres as short as six
feet. Undoubtedly, as the system be-
comes more widely known and its ad-
pute exists between an employer and
any of his employes (numbering ten or
more), and the parties are unable to ad-
just it, either of them may apply to the
Board of Trade for the appointment of a
board of conciliation and agreement to
which the dispute may be referred.
Conciliation Board and Its Powers.
Kaeh board is to consist of three mem-
bers, one selected by either party, and
the third (who is to act as chairman) on
FiE. 7 — Lathe Drive from Motor by Silent Chain.
vantages realized in actual service, adap-
tation will become much more general-
For the illustrations shown in this ar-
ticle we are indebted to Jones & Glass-
co, Montreal, the Canadian Agents for
Hans Rekold, Ltd., Manufacturers of
chain driving gear, of Manchester, Eng-
land.
TO PREVENT STRIKES IN BRITAIN
The Labor Disputes Bill, which has
been prepared by Will Crooks, M.P., and
has received the approval of all political
parties, proposes that wherever a di.s-
the recommendations of the members so
chosen. "In every case where a dis-
pute is duly referred to a board, it shall
be the duty of the board to endeavor to
bring about a settlement," and to this
end it is empowered not only to make
expeditious inquiry into all the matters
at issue, but to put witnesses on oath
and to call for the production of all
necessary books, papers, and documents,
as well as to enter at any time any
building, mine, or factory included in
its inquiry, and conduct any inquisition
or interrogation it pleases. These am-
ple powers come into operation when-
ever a board is appointed.
It is to be enacted that "it shall be
unlawful for any employer to declare or
to cause a lock-out, or for any employe
to go out on strike, on account of any
dispute, prior to or during a reference of
such dispute to a board of conciliation
and investigation under the provision? of
this Act."
Lock-out and Strike Penalties.
Delinquent employes are to be liable to
a fine of not less than $10, and not
more than $50 per day. For employers
who illegally declare a lock-out the
penalty may be the minimum of $50 or
the maximum of $1,000 per day. Those
who incite either employers or employed
to a breach of the law will be liable to
a fine of not less than $50 and not more
than $1,000. The parties do not regain
their liberty to strike or lock-out until
the subject in dispute has been dealt
with — and not even then, it would ap-
pear, if they have bound themselves in
writing to accept the settlement that
the board may recommend; tor in such
circumstances the recoiTBnendation is to
become legally enforceable.
APPRENTICESHIP AND THE UN-
EMPLOYED.
Much help is being given in solving
the problem of the unemployed in Eng-
land, by the National Institute of Ap-
prenticeship. The majority of the un-
employed are out of work because they
are unskilled laborers, and the great
number of unskilled is largely due to
the diminution of apprenticeships. This
Institution was founded six years ago
"in order that boys and girls should
start life not only with a liberal edu-
cation and training given in the schools,
but also with a practical training which
Was to be had in the workshop."
Since it began work a large number ot
boys have been trained, and applicants
fit. i — Trplcal Silent Chain Drive from Motor to Lioeihafi.
Fig. 6—60 H.P. LIneshaft Drive from Motor in Flax Spinning
Mill, by Silent Chain.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
269
for places now exceed forty a week.
On the registers of the institution
there are the names of nearly 300 care-
fully selected masters, many of them
means an insurance against lack of work.
a man who can fashion a horseshoe,
make furniture, mould, engrave, varnish,
make clocks, tailor, cook, or build a
Fig. 9 — silent Chains on S.S. "Maure tania." These Drives Operate the Turning Gears for
the Propeller Shafts and Turbines Kespectiv ely.
ranking among the most important in
their respective trades, who have taken
or agreed to take apprentices for the
institution. The only qualification re-
quired for an applicant is his, or her,
respectability and fitness for the select-
ed trade. No other questions are ask-
ed, and no other restrictions impo.^ed.
The institute supervises the apprentice-
ship so as to ensure, as far as possible,
that the apprentices are properly taught
their trades and do their duty to their
masters.
A Trade the Best Legacy.
A man who teaches his boy a trade
provides more certainly for his future
than if he leaves him a large property,
but without knowing how to turn his
hand to useful employment. The an-
cient Hebrews had a saying : "He who
does not teach his boy a trade, leaves
him to a thief." It is almost as true
to-day as it was in any period of his-
tory. A university dirloma is by no
house, is not long out of employment.
If ihe can do either of these things well,
and is willing to work, he need never
walk the streets seeking for work and
not find it.
MEETING OF THE FOUNDRY EX-
HIBITION COMPANY.
A meeting of the board of directors
of the Foundry • and Machine Exhibi-
tion Co., was held in Buffalo, Friday
and Saturday, Sept. 15 and 16, for the
purpose of investigating the exhibition
facilities afforded by the large halls in
that city. While no definite arrange-
ments have been made, it is altogether
probable that a hall suitable for the
use of the Exhibition Company will be
obtained, the final decision having been
left with the executive committee. The
American Foundrymen 's Association
and the Associated Foundry Foremen
were also represented, and preliminary
plans were discussed for the annual
foundrymen 's meeting which will be
held in Buffalo next year.
As usual, the exhibition feature of
these conventions is usually a financial
success, and Pittsburg was no excep-
tion. The directors of the Foundry and
Machine Exhibition Co., declared a 20
per cent, dividend, payable immediately
to all exhibitors who wore represented
at two successive exhibits. To those
who displayed their product in Pitts-
burg for the first time, this 20 per cent,
dividend will be held in reserve and if
they exhibit in Buffalo, this dividend
will be returned to them. '
Officers for the ensuing year were el-
ected as follows: President H. R. At-
water, Osbom Mfg, Co., Cleveland; vice
president, R. S. Buch, A. Buch Sons,
Co., Elizabethtown, Pa. ; secretary, C.
E. Hoyt, Lewis Institute, Chicago;
treasurer, J. S. McCormick, J. S. Mc-
Cormick Co., Pittsburg. Executive
committee, F. N. Perkins, Arcade Mfg.
Co., Freeport, III.; E. H. Mumford,
Mumford Molding Machine Co., Plain-
field, N.J., and R. S. Buch, • trustees,
three years. Henry A. Pridmoiv, Henry
K. Pridmore. Chicago; J. W. Campbell,
Cleveland Wire Spring Co., Cleveland,
nnd R. S. Buch.
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MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
TIEE LIFTING GRIP3
By R. N. Saunders, Montreal.
'T^ HE accompanying cuts show a useful
* form of lifting tackle, which has
been found to greatly facilitate the rapid
handling of locomotive and coach' wheel
tires between the boring mill and the
shop floor. Fig. 1 shows the construc-
lifting a tire in this one position — that
is, with the flange uppermost.
Editor's Note.— We invite sketches and
descriptions of a grip suitable for lifting
a tire in the opposite position to that
shown in Fig. 2, i.e., with the flange
downwards. All designs must have been
given a successful practical trial. Any
design accepted will be paid for at our
usual rates.
ii_x'
n-+-
Fig. 1.— Tire Lifting; Orlpa.
tion of the grip which consists of a bent
lever, C, having its lower edge serrated
and hardened, as shown at B. This
lever is fulcrumed between two plates,
A, shaped at one end to fit over the
flange of the tire. A distance piece is
riveted between the plates at this end
to prevent them spreading. The fulcrum
for lever C consists of a J Inch bolt. The
small pin or stud shown in C, is intend-
ed to prevent A from falling into line
with the lower arm of C, when the grip
is lifted from the floor preparatory to
heing placed on the tire. It has been
rig. 2— Tire Lifting Grlpg.
(ound of little practical value, however,
and usually gets broken oti in a short
time.
Fig. 2 shows a pair of grips complet-
ed with their chains and ring. It will
be seen that they are only adapted for
A PNEUMATIC FEED FOR AIR
DRILLS.
By F. G. Goddard, Montreal.
The device herein described was de-
signed for drilling locomotive saddle-
bolt holes in the erecting shop after the
boiler is in place, at as high a rate of
or pipe of extra heavy section is rigidly
stayed in the centre of the smokebox by
means of two spiders. Fig. 3 ; the motor
and cylinder being suspended between the
spiders on the bar which passes through
a 2 inch hole in the crosshead. The air
supply to the cylinder is tapped ofl the
motor supply by means of a tee and
short length of hose to a threo-way cock
on the cylinder. It can be manipulated
to give exactly the requisite amount of
pressure to feed the drill, or on being re-
versed, backs the drill out of the hole.
As the crosshead and piston are attach-
ed to the 2 inch bar, thoy remain sta-
tionary when air is applied ; but the
cylinder moves either up or down, and
with it the guidebars and air motor. It
l'"lg. 1.— Pneumatic Feed for Air Drill.
speed as could be obtained in the ma-
chine shop on a radial drill. A small
air cylinder fitted with piston, guide-
bars and crosshead is attached to an air
motor by means of a coupling. Fig. 2,
screwed into the motor in place of the
usual feed screw. This coupling is also
attached to the end of the guide-bars in
such a way that the motor is free to
rotate on its axis, this condition being
necessary to relieve the guide-bars of all
twisting strain when drilling.
When in operation, a 2 inch round bar
will be noticed that every hole thus
drilled is perfectly , radial from centre of
the smokebox. The apparatus was so de-
signed that drills of average length could
be used in smokeboxes of the smallest
diameter ; consequently in those of larg-
er diameter drill sockets or extensions
must be used to make up the length, so
that the point of the drill swings 1 or
2 inches clear of the inside of the smoke-
box when in the back-up position.
When drilling, the motor should be at
its full speed before any feeding pressure
CANADIAN MACHINERY
271
is applied, and a ch'alk mark should be
put on the drill to show when it is
about to point through the outside of
the Saddle, at which juncture the a.ir
feed must be shut off and the drill al-
^'ig. 2— I'licuiiiutic Peed for Air Drill,
lowed to go through by its own weight,
otherwise it is liable to jam or break
the point of the drill. If properly handled
and using high speed drills, saddle-bolt
holes can bo drilled in this manner at
the rate of one every IJ to 2 minutes,
and the time reiq^uired to change from
one hole to another is but a few seconds.
The device was originally intended for
use in the case of new cylinders being
applied to a repair engine, tut it was
afterwards found that a great saving in
time could be efiected in the case of new
engines, by punching the holes in
the smokebox, before rolling, and
then drilling the saddle as described
after the boiler is in place on the cylin-
ders. It has also been used to advan-
tage for drilling out old saddle-bolts
when stripping boilers.
The correct size of cylinder was only
arrived at after one or' two trials. Fin-
ally, a diameter of 5 inches, with an air
tfe
rA
Pig. 3.— Pneumatic Peed for Air Drill.
pressure of 70 to 80 pounds was found
to give a fairly heavy feed to high speed
drills up to IJ inches diameter. The
stroke of the cylinder is 8 inches.
CUTTING KEYSEATS ON A LATHE.
By H. E. Fozard, Ottawa.
Time may often be saved when key-
seats are required to be cut on a job al-
ready in the lathe. The saving consists
in obviating the necessity to remove the
work from the chuck and the consequent
setting-up on another machine. Ab-
lute accuracy of performance is at thte
same time secured. The following ex-
ample describes the method and appar-
atus involved.
Assuming that a keyseat \ inch wide
is to be cut in a hole 1 inch diameter.
Take a piece of { inch square tool steel,
grind clearance as for cutting-ofi tool
and place in boring bar, with cutting
edge at right. angles to lathe bed. Set
the centre of the tool level with centre
of the hole to be keyseated and wind
saddle backward and forward, feeding to
the required depth with the cross slide
rest. By this means, it is possible to
cut key seats up to i inch wide. When
cutting soft steel and cast iron, it is ne-
cessary with the larger size keyseats to
put a small tool through first, after-
wards finishing with a tool the required
width.
Knurled Burnishing Tool.
I may say that the actual cutting time
compares very favorably with that tak-
en on a shaping machine.
NOVEL METHOD OF FLUTING
SMALL BURNISHING TOOLS.
By Chas. Hattenberger, Buffalo.
The firm with whom I was employed
used large numbers of small barrel cams.
The cam-way was about 5-16-inch deep.
Owing to the extreme accuracy required,
the usual method of machining the cam-
way was to mill it .00005-inch under
size, and then finish by burnishing. It
was customary to make the burnishing:
tool of high speed steel; turning the
blank .010-inch over size and then mill-
ing flutes about 1-32-inch apart. The
tool was afterwards hardened and
ground. Because of the quantity used,
this milling operation proved rather ex-
pensive, therefore, to cut down cost, we
adopted the following plan. We turned
the burnishing portion of the tool to the
exact size and then knurled it. The
knurling increased the diameter by
about .010-inch. In grinding to size,
small right and left hand flutes were
thereby formed. This method of flutimj
made a smooth job and reduced the ex-
pense very materially.
DRILLING JIGS FOR IRREGULAR
HOLES.
By A.D.C., Hamilton.
When drilling out blanking dies or any
other holes of irregular shape, much
time can be saved by the use of the
little jig here shown. Ordinarily when
drilling out such dies a lot of time is
lost, in so locating successive holes that
they will just break into the one prev-
iously drilled. This trouble is overcome
by this jig which consists of a piece of
machinery steel in which a hole is drill-
ed equal to the size of drill for which
the jig is to be used. Into this first
hole there is driven a piece of hardened
steel which is allowed to project a short
distance beyond the bottom as shown. A
second hole, a shade larger, is now drill-
m\&[^^
^=rgisy
Boring Tool for tbe lathe.
ed so as to just touch the first hole, and
the jig is corapIet«.
To use it, drill one hole in your die in
the usual way; then insert the projection
on the jig in the hole so drilled and
bring your drill down into the second
hole in the jig. Simple, isn't it? The
drawing shows a jig for a i inch drill.
BORING TOOL FOE THE LATHE.
By W. B. Cook, Medicine Hat.
In our shop we use the boring and
threading device here illustrated and
find it a useful attachment for the en-
gine lathe. As may be seen from the
sketch, it is simple and easily made. The
ordinary tool post is removed from the
slide rest and the boring tool substitut-
ed for it. The two cap screws pass
through the body, and are tapped into
the base plate, clamping the boring bar
Drilling Jig for irregular boles.
and the tool holder itself at one opera-
tion.
The cap screw heads are square, and
of the same size as the tool post screw
head, so tliat one wrench fits all. The
boring bar at one end is slotted through
at right angles to the axis as shown. If
the other end is slotted through at an
angle of about 40 degrees and the bar
cut off parallel to the slot, the tool will
be able to handle most inside work. The
cutter is of course set by turning the
bar sightly in its holder.
Such a tool as this is a useful addi-
tion to the small general shop.
272
CANADIAN MACHINERY
ADJUSTABLE BORING TOOL FOB
MILLINO MACHINE.
By A.D.C., Hamilton.
In this tool, casting A carries the bor-
ing bar B, and slides across the face of
easting C. A is guided in a straight
line by means of a tongue which fits into
head. This presents no special features,
except that the driving tongue is not
solid with the arbor, but is milled on a
loose collar which is afterwards shrunk
on and pinned. This method of con-
struction reduces the cost cona'derab-
Iv.
1-16 inch larger in diameter than the
points of the screws. The sketch shows
a socket for a taper shank reamer, but
of course the idea is applicable to any
style of shank.
MALLET LOCOMOTIVES ON THE
0. P. R.
The Mallet articulated compound loco-
motives built during the present sum-
mer by the C.P.R. at their Montreal
shops, are showing excellent results in
service. They are stationed at Field,
B.C., and work east from there to
Stephen. Another will be turned out in
October, differing from its predecessors,
in being a simple engine with four high
pressure cylinders, and making the sixth
"Mallet" to be put into service by the
company. Its performance will be wat-
ched with interest.
.\(ljustable boring tool
the grove D, running across the centre
line of casting C. The two studs in C,
working in elongated holes in A, lock
the boring bar after adjustment has been
made by means of the micrometer screw.
Casting C is screwed to fit the spindle of
the milling machine.
This little attachment is easily made
and has proved extremely useful in the
tool room.
for milling machine
FLOATING. SOCKET FOR A FINISH-
ING REAMER.
By L.E., Hamilton.
The sketch of this device needs little
explanation as the construction is clear-
ly shown. The socket floats on the
points of four screws, allowing the ream-
er to adjust itself to the work. The
holes in the ball head are made about
AN EXPANDING BORING HEAD.
By W.H.J., Toronto.
A simple form of expanding boring
bead is herewith illustrated. It is an in-
valuable tool in shops where a large
amoiut of fine work is done. Referring
to Fig. 1, it will be seen that a slot is
milled in the tool body, which is of ma-
chinery steel. The two cutters are in-
serted in the slot and after they have
been adjusted to size, the ring is screw-
ed down, locking them securely in posi-
tion. The ring is ground true on the
hack and hardened.
Adjustment is edected by means of
the hardened steel adjusting screw, the
point of which engages with the bevell-
ed edges of the cutters and pushes them
apart as it advances. The drawing
.ihowg a tool for boring any diameter
from 3Vi inches to 3% inches. Fig 2
shows the arbor for driving the boring
BOILING POINTS OF METAL.
In a paper presented at a meeting of
the Faraday Society, London, Eng., H.
Greenwood gave the boiling points of
various metals at atmospheric pressure
as follows:
Deg. Cent. Deg. Fnhr.
Antimony 1,440 2,624
Bismuth 1.420 2,558
Copper 2,310 4.190
I-ead l.,52r) 2,777
Magnesium 1.120 2,048
Silver 1,925 3,497
Tin 2,275 4,127
Aluminum 1,800 3,262
Chromium 2.200 3.992
Iron 2.450 4.442
Manganese 1,900 3.4.52
Ci;TTEtl
Pis. 2— Expaodinc hurlnc head.
28 DIA X I6thos-^
Fig. 1 — Expanding boring bead.
SECTION AT
AD\)USTtNCi SCREW.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
273
J. S. CONRADI, MANAGER THE POL-
SON IRON WORKS.
/"» ONCURRENT with the announce-
ment of the intended extension to
the plant of the Poison Iron .Works, the
active management of the present plant
and of the proposed works has passed
into the hands of Mr. J. S. Conradi,
superintendent and manager for six
years, was responsible for the speed and
steam trials of many speed-record-
breaking vessels built under his super-
vision. Amongst others might be men-
tioned, H.IVI.S. "Speedy," the first war
vessel fitted with water tube boilers,
and which attained what was at the
Floating Socket for ;i Finishing Reamer.
I
late of London, England, whose record
in marine engineering and shipbuilding,
and management of industrial enterpris-
es i.s bound to affect favorably the future
of this old established plant.
Mr. Conradi was born at Glasgow,
forty one years ago, and commenced his
engineering career in the workshops of
the late firm of Maudslay, Son & Field,
of Westminster, who were probably
amongst the oldest established and most
famous engineers and boilermakers of
their day. Besides repeatedly adding to
their reputation as marine engineers Dy
supplying the propelling machinery for a
large number of battleships and cruisers
for the British Admiralty, many of the
mills in the Old Country are to-day run-
ning with engines built by them almost
a century ago, and constituting a re-
cord which stands out at the present
time, a monument to their skill as en-
gine builders.
Having attained with this firm a thor-
ough grounding in the practical details
of engine and boiler building, Mr. Con-
radi, in order to gain experience in the
running of marine engines, and handling
and care of boilers under actual work-
ing conditions, joined the Ross Line of
Steaniships chartered by the New Zea-
land Shipping Co., trading to Australia,
South America, the Gulf of Mexico and
Canada, and during this service,
amongst the other more or less exciting
experiences of a sea-going engineer, he
with others had to cope with a cargo of
cotton afire in mid-ocean oq two occa-
sions, ar.d to participate in a wreck ex-
perience on the coast of Florida.
Gaining four years valuable experience
in this way, and obtaining Board of
Trade certificates, Mr. Conradi joined
the John I. Thornycroft Co., of Chis-
wick, Southampton and Basingstoke, the
most progressive shipbuilders and en-
gineers at that time in the world, and
pioneers in the steel shipbuilding indus-
try. Mr. Conradi remained with them
for fourteen years, and besides acting as
time, the unprecedented speed of 21
knots an hour.
He was also directly connected with
the building by this noted firm, of the
first destroyers for the British Admir-
alty, their astonishing speed attracting
READER, WHAT DO YOU
KNOW?
•Among readers of Canadian
Machinery there is a clearly de-
fined sincerity of desire to know
how each overcomes the daily
tasks of the machine, pattern and
blacksmith shops, the foundry
and boiler shops. It is believed
that your methods and devices,
while good, may be improved, and
thereby made more valuable if
you publish them, so that other
brains may work on them. We
will provide the setting and pay
you for the material. When your
fellow tradesman puts the super-
structure on your foundation, we
pay him and pass the "kink" on
to you, free. Get into the game.
the attention of many foreign govern-
ments—Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden
and others placing orders later, for sim-
ilar vessels. The various classes of this
type, ranging in speed from 27 to 35
knots per hour, held speed records in
each instance. The most interesting of
the many vessels built under his super-
vision are closely connected with his-
toric events which will live long in the
memory of the people of the British
Emipire. We refer to the stern wheel
steamers built for the Nile expedition,
which did such excellent service during
the recapture of Khartoum under the
command of Viscount Kitchener, and
"Shamrock II," challenger for the
America Cup, built for Sir Thomas Lip-
ton. It will be remembered that the
late King Edward nearly lost bis lite,
when this yacht was struck by a squall
and dismasted, owing to the fore-stay
parting, while on a trial apin in the
Solent.
Mr. Conradi was among the first in
England to appreciate and adopt pneu-
matic tools to the construction of ma-
rine boilers. Illustrations of these tools
and of his attachment for expanding the
tubes in the lower drums are still being
exhibited by the makers. The first
steam turbine built and installed in a
war vessel, became prominent during his
connection with the Thornycrofts. Fur-
ther, Mr. Conradi has bad a good deal
to do with the design and construction
of internal combustion engines, and it
was largely Qwing to the rapid advance
nwde by this type of engine that he was
led to consider the advisability of
studying manufacturing conditions from
a commercial as well as a practical
standpoint, with a view to the reduc-
tion of production costs, and to the in-
auguration and adoption of methods, the
success of which when put into practice,
brought him into particular prominence
in engineering circles in England, and
resulted in the Vickers Co. procuring his
services some five years ago, to carry
out the re-organization of their London
factories. The Vickers Co. are of world-
wide repute, and as general manager and
superintendent of their plants situated
at Erith, Crayford and Dartford, Mr.
Conradi was connected with one of the
largest manufacturers of ordnance, am-
munition, rilles and motor cars in Eng-
land and perhaps in the world. He was
elected a member of the Institute of Me-
chanical Engineers in 1893.
That Mr. Conradi's experience should
be of value in this country goes without
saying, and we think the Poison Iron
Works are to be congratulated on hav-
ing secured his services.
In matters industrial, the path of
Peace and profit lies along lines which
are truly educational.
New York still leads in witer power
development, with 885,862 horse-power.
California is second and Maine third.
A decline in business permits sifting
out the employes, the setting-up of new
standards of efficiency and performance,
the appraisal of the value of each in-
dividual workmen, the readjustment of
operating costs and the curtailment of
waste, all of which in their previous
practice under full pressure, may have
contributed more or less to the con-
sumer's burden.
Such a contingency, is preferable to a
slaughter of labor, or a stoppage in de-
velopment and consequently waste of
natural resources.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
A NEW TURRET LATHE.
rpHE latest product of the Springfield
* Machine Tool Co., Springfield,
Ohio, is a 15 inch by 5 feet cabinet tur-
ret lathe, which we herewith illustrate.
It contains several new features and im-
provements, all of wihich have been in-
troduced with a view to increasing the
speed with which work may be handled.
Thus, the turret is so designed that one
slight backward movement of the blade
either a lever or screw. The top slide
of turret rests upon a lower slide having
a right angle movement, hand-operated
by means of a screw in front of the ma-
chine. This allows a large range for fac-
ing ofl work held in a chuck. When us-
ing this hand set-over, the holes in the
turret can always be brought central
again with the spindle by a positive
stop. This latter can be quickly removed
when tools are to be used back of the spin-
one plain leg, the former being fitted
with shelving for the reception of tools,
chucks, etc.
The lathe i.s driven by a 2 inch belt
and its weight with a 5 feet bed is 1,535
pounds.
BALL BEARING JOURNAL JACK.
A MONG late developments in lifting
•**• jacks, one which will be of interest
to railroad and street railway officials, is
Turret Latbe.— The Springfield Machine Tool Co.. Spriiigfleld, Ohio.
loosens the turret and at the same time
withdraws the locking pin ; a slight for-
ward movement then produces the par-
tial revolution ol the turret for the next
tool, and simultaneously locks and
tightens it, the entire operation being
done in a second or so by one hand.
The lathe is back geared, and has a
four step Cone pulley of lari^ diameter.
The spindle is of ihigh grade steel and
runs in phosphor bronze bearings. There
is an automatic engine feed to the tur-
ret, with three changes, which may be
reversed by the handle at the left hand
side of the apron. Further, there is a
longitudinal movement of the turret by
die centre. The slide has an additional
cross movement operated by a supple-
mentary taper slide ; the taper being de-
rived from a bar between the ways of
the bed, set by a graduated index to ob-
tain any taper up to 4 inches per foot,
thus obviating the necessity of setting
over the headstock for taper boring or
turning. With this taper attachment
work can be faced of! square when the
job is completed, without any change.
When used for straight work, the taper
side is locked to the saddle by a taper
pin of tool steel, having a square head
for its ready removal.
The machine rests on one cabinet and
an improved ball bearing journal jack
recently placed upon the market. It is
designed to facilitate the rapid and con-
venient removal or replacement of jour-
nal brasses in freight cars, passenger
and Pullman coaches and is especially
adapted to railroad service where short,
light and powerful jacks are required.
Notwithstanding its low cost, there is
provided a positive stop which absolute-
ly prevents raising the lifting bar out
of the jack. Another important feature
is the adjustable wh'eelholding device de-
signed to hold down the wheel when
operating. This device is very essential
under many conditions, and may be
CANADIAN MACHINERY
275
easily detached when not required. The
two features just described are also
strong factors when considering safety
of operation
All gears are forged with machine cut
teeth; and, due to its scientific construc-
tion, the jack is light in weight and
easily handled. The construction sug-
gests ease of operation, as tihe load is
raised only on the downward and most
convenient stroke of the lever.
The Duff Mfg. Co., Pittsburg, Pa., are
the makers of this tool.
AN EFFICIENCY COMBINATION.
OINCE Mr. Brandeis made his famous
"Efficiency Declaration" before the
Inter-State Commerce Commission, this
word has been much used in all indus-
trial lines but more especially in the
railway service. "Efficiency" is gener-
B.'ill Be;irinff Jonrnnl Jack.
ally paraded as something new. The
fact renaains, however, that machinery
builders have for years been desig'ning
tools for no other reason than that they
would be of a higher efficiency, or in
other words, do better and quicker work
than the older styles. When it was seen
that certain types of tools had reached
their highest individual development,
manufacturers began to combine one or
more separate tools. Pioneers in this
work of development in wood-working
tools for use in the car shop is the J.
A. Fay & Egan Co., of Cincinnati,
Ohio. One of their combination produc-
tions is illustrated herewith. It is
known as the Fay & Egan Combination
No. 214 Vertical Hollow Chisel Mor-
tiser and No. 150 .\utomatic Car Gain-
ing Machine, with boring attachments.
Railway mechanics will be quick to ap-
preciate the manifold advantages of be-
ing able to place a heavy timber on one
Carriage and do all the mortising, gain-
ing and boring required, without having
to Carry the work about the shop. If
gang boring can be done to advantage,
the manufacturers' No. 163 multiple bor-
ing machine is added to the enuipment.
The hollow chisel mortiser used in this
combination is of the. most powerful
type built. It will mortise from ^ to 3
inches square and 6 inches deep. By re-
versing the timber, the mortise can- be
made 12 inches deep.
The
for cutting teeth on the patterns of spur
or bevel-wheels of any diameter up to 6
ft., and of any pitch. The same machine
can also be used for turning the wheel
Comblnatiou No. 214 Vertical Hollow Chisel Mortiser and No. 150 Automatic Car Oalner
Machine.— The Fay & Kgan Co., Cincinnati, O hlo.
head will cut a gain 5 inches deep in tim-
bers up to 20 inches thick and 24 inches
wide. The cut can be made on cither the
forward or return movement, or both
wavs as desired.
GEAR
MACHINE FOR CUTTING
PATTERNS.
TXTE illustrate • herewith a machine
which has been designed by A. Ran-
so'me & Co., Stanley Works, Newark-on-
Trent, England, and is built by them
patterns before cutting the teeth. The
mandril runs in long adjustable gun-
metal bearings, and is fitted, as shown
in the view, with a four-speed cone,
which comes into play when the machine
is used as a lathe. Double-thrust ball-
bearings take up the end play of the
spindle.
A dividing apparatus fixed to the head
stock is provided for accurately cutting
the teeth ; it can be adjusted lor teeth
of all numbers up to 50, and in some
.^ilRm/i
m^^lSk
^
' — i-i ■ ■■ fci. 1 ins .
^1
Machine for Cutting Gear Patterns. Makers, A. Ransome & Co., Newark, England.
2TH
cases up V> 312. There is no difficulty
in fitting the machine with dividiuK
plates, (or other numbers of teeth. The
dividing apparatus, which is thrown out
of gear when the machine is used as a
lathe, consists of a worm-wheel 17 in.
dianiet«r, driven by a worm with divid-
ing-plate for the required number of
teeth. The plate is made with concen-
tric circles, each circle having different-
ly spaced holes, there being provided an
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Fig. 1.— Hydro-Pneumatic Drill.
adjustable stop for accurately measuring
the exact number of holes required for
the various numbers of teehh.
The teeth are cut by means of a
spindle running in ball-bearings, fitted
with a st«el cutter-holder, and driven by
a lipht belt from the overhead counter-
shaft. The spindle is supported on a
carriage having' a \ertical adjustment
for setting the cutter exactly central
with the wheel, and a fine screw adjust-
ment for setting to the exact depth of
tooth. Tihe carriage is traversed by
means of a rack and pinion operated by
a hand-wheel. The apparatus is also
made with a swivelling motion for cut-
ting bevel or mitre-wheels; it car. be
easily adjusted on the bed to suit wheels
of various dimensions
is surrounded by an oil chamber, anil
the piston which slides in it is connect >
ed with the spindle. The latter revolves
in the piston, and takes its thrust on
ball bearings. The spincile is driven by
n D.C. variable speed motor, directly at-
tached to the cylinder tlirouf;h a set of
irears. which gives two speeds of spindle
for ''ach motor speed. The spindle may
he made to rotate in either direction
through a drum type pontroller, and
when used for facing or tapping, may be
operated by a hand wheel.
The vertical movement of the piston,
or in other words the feed of tlie drill,
is obtained by the admission of air at
about 80 pounds pressure to the top of
the piston. Below the piston the cylind-
er is filled with oil, and on the admis-
sion of air to the top of the cylinder
this oil is forced through a graduated
valve into the chamber surrounding the
cylinder. To raise the spindle again,
air is admitted to this chamber, iorcinsi;
the oil back and thus raising the piston
and spindle. The arrangement gives a
steady feed, and the absence of backlash
reduces to a minimum, the danger of
breakage should an extremely hard spot
be met with, or when breaking through
at the finish of a hole.
A constant speed motor is provided
for raising and lowering the arm, or fast
and loose pulleys are furnished if desir-
ed. A feature of the head is its adapta-
bility to other makes of radial drills on
which the drill head may be so much
worn that considerable expense would be
necessary to repair it. Should the base,
column and arm of such a drill be in
fairly good condition, the application of
tke hydro-pneumatic head would, it is
thought, result in an up-to-date machine,
absorbing considerably less power than, a
geared machine, and capable of driving
high spee-d drills to their full capacity.
The enlarged view of the head, Fig. 2,
shows quite clearly the absence of mov-
ing parts. The motor is shown at A.
The drum type controller B, is of new-
design, having ten points of contact, and
has the resistance C, attached in a very
HYDRO-PNEUMATIC DRILL.
np HE Walter H. Foster Co., 50 Church
* St., New York, have lately put on
the market an interesting type of radial
drill, which is illustrated in Fig. 1. Tiie
rnont noticeable difference from stand-
ard types of radial drills lies in a combi-
nation of the saddle on the arm and n
cylinder with gear box on top, contain-
ing high and low speed gears for varia-
tion of spindle speeds, in connection
with a variable speed motor. The cyl-
inder, throngh which the spindle passeK,
Multi Spiiullo Drill TlK' Auifi-iiau Locomo-
tive Co.
neat and compact form. The lever D,
operates the higii and low speed gears
through a clutch.
The feed operating valve E, has a fi^t.
seat graduated to perniit the passage of
oil from the cylinder to the surrounding
chamber and as the air pressure on top
of the piston in the cylinder forces the
oil, which is under the piston, through
these graduated passages the feed is
constant. The four way valve F, con-
trols the Passage of the air, whether it
shall be on top of the piston forcing the
spindle down, under which condition the
oil is being forced into the chamber
through valve E, or lorcing the oil hack
into the cylinder under the piston, thus
returning the spindle to its original po-
sition; the air valve is operated by the
vertical shaft G, carrying adjustable trip
dogs H.H., which are arranged to swing
out of the way when the spindle is oper-
ated by hand, and not interfere with
tappet I, which slides with the Spindle.
The by-pass valves J and K, operated
by lever L, through the connecting rod,
allow the air and oil to pass freely in
either direction while operating by hand.
The hand wheel M, has pinion engaging
with rack for hand operation of spindle.
The hand wheel N, has spiral gear en-
gaging rack for adjustment of head on
arm.
Fig. a.— Hydro-Pnenmatlc Drill.
ALL-OEARBD MULTI-SPINDLE
DRILL.
'pHE multi-spindle drill here shown
Was designed by the American Lo-
comotive Co., (or use in their automo-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
277
bilo factory at Providence, R.I. To drill
the tough alloy steels used in the con-
struction of the automobiles made neces-
sary the bringing out ol a multi-spindle
drill which would give an equally hig'h
efficiency compared with other high-
speed drilling machines.
The ordinary type of multi-spindle
drill, in which the spindles are driven by
universal joints, was found to be un-
equal to the strain, consequently in the
present design, gears were employed for
driving; universal joints being entirely
eliminated.
The sales agents for this drill are the
Walter H. Foster Co., 50 Church st..
New York.
MULTIPLE DRILL FOR DRILLING
MEAT CUTTER PLATES.
TXT E illustrate in Kig. 1 a large size
multiple drilling machine of the
raising table type. It was adapted for
drilling meat cutter plates and equipped
with six interchangeable heads, each
with a different layout of spindles, and
a table fixture for locating, holding and
indexing the cutter plates during the
process of drilling the holes.
Fig. 2 shows five of the interchange-
able drilling heads, the sixth being
shown in the machine with a drilling
steady jig attached. Each head is fur-
nished with a four leg cradle for safe
keepin? when not in use, and also to
factlitate handling and adjusting it to
and removing from the machine.
Fig. 3 shows the six cutter plates
drilled with these heads. Above each
plate is given the total number of holes;
the number of spindles required to do
the drilling and the number of opera-
tions. The distance between the holes
in these plates is about 1 1-3 drill dia-
meters.
Constructional Details.
The drilling heads are self-contained
and are easily and quickly interchanged
by means of the cradles before mention-
ed. The heads and spindle drivers are
made of the best brand of bearing
phosphor-bronze, and the dnlling-spindle
holes are bored to within .0005 inch
limit as to location. The spindles are
of tool steel, and cut out of the solid
bar. They are hardened, tempered and
ground true to size, and are fitted with
pinch chucks for taking listed straight
shank tongued wire twist drills. The
steady jig mentioned is clamped to
the lower end of the drill head and
is adjustable vertically to allow the
cutting end of the drills to pro-
ject out just sufficiently to drill
through the cutter plate. The
steady jig shown is used on the four
smaller heads, the only alteration, re-
quired, being the exchange of steel
plates containing the jig bushings that
are held in place in the lower opening of
the steady jig by screws.
Other heads with layouts of spindles
arranged within a five inch circle can be
used in this machine. The drill head
casing is removable, and other casings
may be fitted to take io larger heads,
in which the spindle laycmts arc not
larger than an ll-,nch circle. The main
driving spindle is 1 5-16-inch diameter,
and runs in loose perforated bushings in
both upper and lower bearings, thereby
increasing the resistance to wear and
heating-up, at high speeds. Lubrication
to all high Speed parts connected to
this spindle, is affected through a capp-
ed brass oiler screwed in-to the upper
end oJ the main spindle, the oil leading
down through a hole drilled the entire
length of the main spindle to the drill-
ing head. The oil, in gravitating, and
by its centrifugal tendency lubricates
the upper and lower bearings, A sepa-
rate oil well is provided for the upper
bearing.
The Baising Table.
The raising table has a working sur-
face of 12i X 20 inches, and has an oil
run on all sides, with an outlet on
each end leading to the oil pan beneath.
The tabic has a teed of 9 inches aitd is
actuated by an 18 inch hand wheel
through a pair of gears, pinion and
rack. The leverage ratio of the table
feed is 30 to 1. A stop screw is pro-
vided for drilling the required depth.
The distance from the lowest position of
the table to the end of the drills is 10
inches. The distance from the main
spindle centre of the table to the inner
side of the column is 6} inches. The
table supporting arm is adjustable and
can be clamped at aay height required.
The supporting arm is raised and low-
ered by meant of the ratchet-pawl and
rack-pinion method, and is located on
the left-hand side of the machine.
On the table. Fig. 1, is shown the cut-
Klg. 1.— Multiple J Milling .Mnchiue, KuisluK Talile Type.
278
CANADIAN MACHINERY
ter pla,te fixture. It is centralized with
drilliog bead and is fastened to the
table by screws. The functions of this
fixture are locating-, holding and indexing
the cutter plates for the operations in
drilling. An expanding arbor projecting
above the top face of the indexing head
of fixture, both centralizes and holds the
cutter plate by means of the hole in its
centre. The cutter plate is seated on
three short steel posts on indexing
head. The arbor is expanded by means
of spoked hand-wheel seen in front open-
and the net weight about 1,750 pounds.
The Langelier Mfg. Co., Providence, K.I.„
are tlve makers of these machines.
A FIRST IMPRESSION.
There is a saying that first impres-
sions are lasting. These first impres-
sions that many a visitor gets in a ^^op
Come to him from the reception or wait-
ing room. If he is discerning, what
does he think of tihe uptodateness of the
IZ 5Pir^OLeS-7 OPeifATlONt
QO HOLES IN Pi»rE^
li spi/vDl. e s~Soperif^rioNS
IOZMOI.tS /» Pf'TE
1 7 S^IIVBL eS—i OP£PA TlO/tS
M iPiMSLci-* aPtkATiaNi
— I AuoELiE'/f /7t<i C^- P/'ex'ioci'Jce- /f. /.-UiA
Flgr. 3.— Drilled Cutter Plates.
ing of fixture. An indexing head and
expanding arbor are required for each
plate and are easily and quickly inter-
dtanged. The indexing head of fixture
ia moved by hand and locked by a pin
actuated by a downward pressure on
small lever at the right.
Catting oil is supplied to the drills by
an oil pump. The oil after usage,
ipravltates into the lower oil pan and is
filtered twice before enterinsf the supply
oil tank to be ready for use again. On the
base of the machine is located the tight
and loose pulleys, the pump and driving
pulley for the quarter-turn belt. All
of these are fitted with loose perforated
bushings. The machine is started and
stopped by a 'oot belt shifter. The main
spindle and drill head spindles run at
800 r.p.m.; the floor space is 33 inches,
by 42 inches; the height, C feet 8 inches;
concern when he finds before him a table
covered with a motley, disordered collec-
tion of magazines and periodicals with
the uppermost ones months old? If his
Call is in August, he may pick up at
first a paper of December of the year be-
fore, or a journal of the preceding Feb-
ruary, or a magazine of March. A very
little of the ambitious office hoy's time
would keep the files of regularly receiv-
ed periodicals up to date, with the cur-
rent number on top. This is a small
matter, but one, that properly attended
to, pronnotes an air of general efficiency.
—Ex.
BOTTLED SUNSHINE.
When a man in the States ruAkes up
his mind to "get on or get out," his ef-
forts to get-rich-quick are a perfect god-
send to the financial specialists in this
line. Two such specialists have recent-
ly obtained $1,0'00,000 from persons in a
hurry to speculate on "bottled sun-
shine." The imposture shows commer-
cial enterprise worthy of a better cause.
The organisers duly worked up their
publicity department, "plants were er-
ected in New York, Philadelphia, Balti-
more and other cities." Each "plant"
comprised a series of mirrors to catch
the sunshine, wires carried the energy
from the mirrors to certain storage
jars; to these jars incandescent lamps
were connected. When the sun shone the
lamps lighted up beautifully; it was
marvellous how those little mirrors
could keep a great bank of lamps going.
Even quantitative data were supplied to
the spectators, one sunny day would
light any office building for i a week.
Some fool of an electrician must have
thrust himself in, however, and before
the patentees could get aboard the lug-
ger with their swag, the Federal auth-
orities laid hands upon them.— Meteor.
E. T.
Fig. 2. — Interchangeable Drilling Heads, Mnltlplp Drilling Machine.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
279
GnadianMachinery
^''MANUFArJURING NEW5^
A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manutactunny interest*
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progreas, construction
and improvement, and to all useis of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
ricity, compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN
H.V.TYRRELL, Toronto
PETER BAIN, M.E., Toronto
J. H. WILLIAMS, Toronto
President
Business Manater
Editor
Associate Editor
CANADA
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H. Hodgson,
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UNITED STATES
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Telephone 2282 Cortlandt
FRANCE
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SUBSCRIPTION RATE.
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Subscribers who are not receiving their paper regularly will confer a
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change in address, giving both old and new.
Vol. VII.
October, 1911
No. 10
EDUCATION AND ABILITY.
TN another part of this issue of Canadian Machinery
■*■ will be found a short illustrated descriptive article
covering the Montreal Technical School. This recently
opened and expensively equipped institution owes its
being, as do others under project in leading cities of the
Dominion, to a laudable desire to provide adequate facili-
ties for the acquirement of a technical education by those
engaged or about to engage in industrial enterprises as
operatives.
Experience goes to show that many men of education,
technical and otherwise, are and have been in the posi-
tions occupied, much in the nature of the "square pin
trying to fit into a round hole." In other words they
lack ability, that subtle inborn talent which suits a par-
ticular sphere and utilizes much or little education to
adorn it. We are disposed to think that the broadcast
dissemination of technical training will tend to an in-
crease of such undesirable contingencies, unless steps are
taken to determine a student's native ability and aptness
for a particular profession, previous to the unloading of
theory or technicalities on him by means however skillful.
It is a general experience that most things are im-
proved by cultivation, therefore, the imparting judiciously
of technical education will improve the operative in our
workshops and factories. Men are endowed with a di-
versity of gifts, some have a number, some apparently,
have one only, or, generally speaking, a very few. Some
have brilliant gifts, while others are more commonplace.
There are men who will make good and forge ahead, irre-
spective of technical schools, and there are those again,
who need the training which the latter imparts. The true
success of any technical school will not depend, however,
on its equipment and facilities for imparting knowledge,
but on its early sif ting-out of each student's inherent
bias, and training of him accordingly, so that he fills his
proper niche to his own profit and to those with whom
he may be associated.
Education, technical and otherwise, fits a man earlier
to fill more perfectly his place as a workman and a citi-
zen, but may not transform a man with musical gifts into
a successful boilermaker. Much attention is devoted to
a student's physique when considering his fitness for
adopting a trade or profession, but little or no heed is
given to tlie capacity of his brain and hereditary inclin-
ation.
I
CO-OPERATION.
T is generally conceded that every enterprise which de-
pends for its success on the aggregate efforts of a
lesser or greater number of individuals, must have a more
or less perfect co-operation of its units towards the
desired end. While this is true, we are afraid that only
a very limited realization, compared with what might be,
is the daily universal experience. No sphere, in which
we as individuals play a part, is exempt, for each, the
political, the civil, the religious, the social, the domestic
and the business world, shows that absence of co-oper-
ation and persistent personal presence, which make for
strife and hinder progress.
In the business and manufacturing field, what do we
actually find? Co-operation between employer and em-
ployees, between departments and individuals composing
these departments, to the extent only, that some machine
or other may be produced and sold to earn for all a pre-
viously determined or estimated return in gold. To
attain this, organization, system and discipline of the
highest proved efficiency are brought into operation. The
spirit actuating the employer is neither humanitarian nor
philanthropic, and we regret to say, that to an equal extent
is the same true of the employees. Labor troubles would
be of less frequent occurrence were the humanitarian
aspect given more consideration by the former, and if a
fairly large percentage of the latter realized of how little
importance their "assumed officiousness" was to anyone
outside of their own "charming" personality.
The exigencies of life determine in their unregenerate
essence that the weak, unprotected and inequipped shall
go under; yet no man or body of men dare practice or
take advantage of this with impunity, by get-ricb-quick
schemes or other unworthy means. Co-operation on the
part of the employer with his employees must to-day be
real and unselfish, for the latter in ever-increasing num-
bers of labor's best element, are men, shrewd, educated
and sensitive to injustice. Co-operation between manu-
facturing departments rests also largely with employers,
for so long as output cost systems make it possible for
one department to produce cheaply at the expense of an-
other, to a corresponding extent, in this feature also, will
there be always a spark of strife and a want of highest
realization.
Co-operation among individuals comprising any de-
partment is in a majority of cases far from being as fully
consummated as it ought. The desire to gain favor from
superiors, and the unwise recognition of effort;? in this
direction by those to whom it .appeals, and they are many
and everywhere, is, we believe, the cause of more ineffi-
ciency and loss of monetary return, than is poissible by
either tyrannical proprietorship or departmental jeahnsy
or both combined. The trouble is widespread, and none
of us need look past our own nose for its evidsnces. So
long as those in charge present an open ear for the recep-
tion of gossip from "suckers" instead of presentiii-^ them
with a "good swift kick," just so long will there be lack
of co-operation between employees, and diminished profits
for the employer.
•280
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The Evolution of Armor Plate m the British Navy
By Frank Walker
T N 1860, the French Government launch-
■*■ ed and commissioned the line of bat-
tleship "La Gloire," possessing all the
cfaaracterisUcs of the wooden vessels of
that period, with the addition, that the
free-board of her broadsides was pro-
tected for more than halt its length by
closely jointed wrought iron plates 10
centimetres thick. The "entente" at
that time was anything but "cordiale,"
and Britain at once replied by building
at the Blackwall yard of The Thames
Iron & Shipbuilding Co., "The War-
rior," our first "iron clad" The sides
of this vessel were protected for about
two-thirds length, by wrought iron
plates 4^ inches thick, the plates being
rolled at the Parkgate Iron Works,
Rotherham, near Sheffield. "The War-
rior" was launched in 1861, and work
was thereafter commenced on an im-
proved type vessel, "The Minotaur."
Armor Plate Development.
In 1862, the late Sir John, then plain
Mr. Brown, perceiving that armour-
plate had Come to stay— with charac-
teristic shrewdness, laid down at The
Atlas Works, Sheffield, a complete
plant for the manufacture of iron ar-
mor. This example was followed in
the next year— 1863— by Mr. Charles
Cammell, of the Cyclops Works, and for
a numit>er of years after these two firms
had the distinction of possessing the
only armor-plate plants on British
Soil That they reaped a golden harvest
goes without saying. Their wages bill
to workmen was of immense proportions.
The plates were composed entirely of
best puddled iron, and the demand for
skilled workers far exceeded the sup-
ply, with the result that most extrava-
gant salaries were paid to all employ-
ees Those were indeed red-letter days
for the iron worker; even such lesser
lifrhts as coal and ash-wheclers were
paid wages which made the skilled me-
chanic squirm with envy. Puddlers,
shinglers, ball-furnace-men and "muck"
rollers, were simply coining money,
while the "head-serangs," the armor
plate rollers and furnace men, were in
receipt of incomes which would not
have disgraced high dignitaries of the
church, etc.
ImproTement in Gtms and Projectiles.
The advent of armor naturally re-
sulted in i^reat improvements being
made in naval guns and projectiles, and
in order to afford protection against
these, the plates grow thicker with each
succeeding Fhip or class of ships, until
in 1876, the climax was reached in
"The Inflexible," the sides of which
were protected by iron armor 24-inChes
thick.
About this time, Mr. — after-
wards Sir Alex. — Wilson, of Cammell &
Co., perfected and patented his com-
Poi:di1 armor plate. This plate, as
adopted by the British Admiralty, con-
sisted of a Bessemer steel face rolled
on to a puddled iron backing, and its
superior resisting power enabled naval
constructors to cut down the thickness
of armor by more than one half. This
was not for long, however. Krupp, at
Essen and Armstrong, at Elswick, kept
things moving, and *n order to resist
their improved guns and shell, the
thickness of the compound plate crept
upwards by half inches and inches till
it reached in "The Benbow," launched
at Blackwall, in 1884, the thickness of
21 inchea. Mr. Charles Ellis, of Brown
& Co., stepped into the breach with an
improvement in compounding, which
caused things to remain stationary for
a while, but the guns still continued to
get the better of the argument. Then
Harvey, the American, came forward
and with his splendidly simple solid
steel cemented plate.
The Harvey Armor Plate Process.
Taking advantage of the well-known
characteristics that iron possesses of ab-
sorbing elements with which it is kept
in contact for a length of time at a ^^'
tain temperature, Harvey packs a low
carbon open-hearth steel plate in char-
coal and pure white sand ; the charcoal
being on the face of the plate and the
sand on the back. Baking in a special
furnace, at a temperature of 1,300 de-
grees F. for a period of from 12 to 14
days follows thereafter. By the cemen'-
tation process, the face of the plate ab-
sorbs carbon from the charcoal, while
in a like manner the back absorbs silicon
from the sand. After special heat treat-
ment and quenching, the super-saturated
Carbon face of the plate becomes in-
tensely hard, while the siliconised back
remains extremely ductile, and makes an
ideal armour plate, at once compound
and homogeneous. These plates had a
superiority oX 75 per cent, over the
compound types, and were at once
adopted by the .Admiralty ; the thick-
ness of the belt and casements being re-
duced to 6 inches. This state of affairs
did not last long, for the introduction
of the long calibre, wire wound gun, the
capped and chilled projectile, and higher
powered explosives, called for further
resistance, and we find on "The Cano-
pus," built in 897, battery armor 72
inches thick.
The Krupp Cemented Plate.
The next important move in
armor brings us to the present
day, and to the Krupp cement-
ed plate. This plate was tlie outcome
of a better knowledge of the chemistry
of steel and of the effect of mixihg with
it small quantities of various rarer
metals. Steels made in this way are
known as alloy steels and possess ex-
tremely high resisting powers. The ori-
ginal Krupp plate was made from open
hearth steel containing 3.5 per cent, of
nickel, 1.5 per cent, of chromium, and .25
per cent, carbon. Latterly, .15 per cent,
of vanadium has been added. This plate
is treated, as in the Harvey process, by
cementation, and after a ^ery refined
series of heat treatments and qucnchiugs
in oil and water, becomes almost me-
chanically perfect for the purpose in
view. A 12-inch plate manufactured
under this patent in 1890, by Cammell
& Co., successfully resisted three point
blank shots from the 9.2 inch calibre
naval gun.
The Introduction of Vanadium.
The enormously increased power of
the modern gun has not allowed the
armor to be greatly reduced in thick-
ness of late years, but it is interesting
to note that the introduction' of vana-
dium was accompanied by a reduction
of one inch in the , thickness of the side
armor of the "Super-Dreadnoughts."
"The King Edward VII," "Dominion "
and "Hindustan" had 9 inches, " The
Lord Nelson" and Agamemnon" 10
inches, "Dreadnought," "Bellephoron"
and "Temeraire," 11 inches. While "The
St. Vincent " and "Collingwood" -wt'th
vanadium alloy, had 10 inches. These
thicknesses apply to belt armor only
and not to gun-shields or conning tow-
ers. In all probability, a return may be
made in the near future to the compound
plate, as an Englishman named Simpson
has perfected a means of welding tung-
sten-alloy-steels, and a plate composed
of 2 inches of tungsten steel rolled on to
4 inches of chrome-vanadium steel has
been tested and found to be 50 per
cent, superior to a Krupp cemented
plate of equal thickness.
In conclusion, I would point out that
the study of high-class alloy and carbon
steels is one of absorbing interest, and
I would commend it to all students of
chemistry. Although we may not all be-
come Wilsons or Harveys, yet we must
remember that the steel industry is one
to which the old adage does not apply,
for the more cooks we have the better
the chance for getting good broth.
The Brooks plant of the American Lo-
comotive Company has been closed for
an indefinite period, and 4,200 men are
laid oft.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundryraen's and Allied Associations. Contributions invited.
MAKING A BULLDOZER CASTINa.
By Jabez Nail, Cleveland, Ohio.
tN the pattern-making and molding re-
•*■ quired for the production of the east-
ing shown in general view. Fig. 1, and
in side elevation and sectional drawings,
Figs. 2, 3 and 4, respectively, there are
several special features that may be of
interest to readers of Canadian Ma-
cliinery.
The Pattern Question.
Those affecting the patternmaker, and
which he must take into consideration
before commencing the actual work of
making his pattern, are as follows: First
there comes the method of molding. We
hear much about consulting with the
molder in such matters, but this is not
always possible or satisfactory, when
carried out, and as a rule it is up to
the patternmaker to decide finally. For
best results to this end, however, it is
necessary that the patternmaker be fa-
miliar with up-to-date foundry methods;
and have a practical knowledge of mold-
ing in all its branches. I have always
tried to impress and interest the pat-
ternmaker in the foundry end of his
business, but with indifferent results.
Without this knowledge he is incapable
of considering or comparing the cost of
different ways of molding, and may con-
struct his pattern in such a way that it
adds unduly to the foundry cost of pro-
ducing the casting. This, too, may be
done with no saving in the cost of the
pattern. It should be borne in mind
that the pattern and the mold are but
means to a desired end, i.e., a perfect
casting, accurate in dimensions, of clean,
solid metal, and as free from shrink-
age strain as possible. The appearancp
of a casting is also an essential of qual-
ity.
In all large eastings, and in many
smaller ones, there is usually more than
one way to do the job. For instance,
this pattern could be made to mold on
the side, and from the point of view of
the patternmaker and of the molder,
would present some advantage over the
more essential. With a heavier casting
it becomes a matter of doubt whether
we would get solid, clean metal on the
cope side, with an even contraction. The
prime consideration in making the larg-
er sizes by the method described in this
article was to get the heavy part of
the metal at the bottom of the mold, so
gated that it had a chance to rise equal-
Plg. 1.
plan adopted. Smaller sizes, up to about
7 feet long, of other proportionate di-
mensions, and of similar design, I have
made thus, with a good core print bear-
ing on either side. The results were
entirely satisfactory, due to the smaller
amount of metal. Such a method does
away with all loose parts ot pattern —
a very desirable feature, when it can be
attained without sacrificing anything
ly on both sides, thereby assuring as far
as possible an even contraction. The
result, as seen in Fig. 1, showns a per-
fect casting on all machined surfaces.
The casting being of steel, it was a
question whether we would succeed in
282
CANADIAN MACHINERY
getting solid metal around the crank
shaft bosses, as marked at A, Fig. 1.
To ensure this, it was necessary to pro-
vide a feeding head for these bosses.
This was done by adding metal, 6 ins.
wide, through the lightening cores of
the side girders. Fig. 7, and connecting
with the heads on top of mold. With-
out this addition, the metal was not of
Working Layout.
These primary questions settled, the
next requisite is a working layout of the
job. For this purpose a full-size draw-
ing of sections, as per Figs. 3 and 4,
was made, having lines of core prints
added, the importance of which will be
recognized by the practical pattern-
making of the inside frames, of which,
including the ends, there are seven.
These frames being built upon the sec-
tional layout, working from one centre
line, the length of the upright was de-
termined according to the position of
each respective frame upon the side ele-
vation. The framework was made of
l%x5%-in. stock, doubled in thickness.
Flc 5.
su£Beient thickness to prevent freezing
of the top metal before the heavier me-
tal below solidified.
Metal Considerations.
The question of the method of mold-
ing being decided, next comes the con-
sideration of the metal from which the
casting is to be made, and the conse-
quent amount of shrinkage allowance to
be made. In this connection, the design
of the easting and distribution of metal
must be taken into consideration, as
well as the method of molding, because
a fully-cored mold has a tendency to
retard shrinkage. Usually a pattern-
maker is apt to make too great allow-
ance for shrinkage, rather than too
little.
On these castings at first I made an
allowance of %-in. to the foot, but ex-
perience taught that this was full, there-
fore, I afterwards used 1-10-in. to the
foot, which proved as nearly correct as
practicable.
maker. We have s^en much time lost
on some jobs, in an effort to save -mak-
ing this drawing. Properly used, it is
a time-saver and a preventer of errors,
especially .so where a number of men
are working on the same job. On tho
other hand, we have seen time wasted
by making a too elaborate workint;'
drawing, that had to be duplicated ott-
liand upon the work itself.
In this case, for the side elevation, the
side boards were first got out from scale,
then glued together and dressed off. The
side elevation, as shown in Fig. 2, was
drawn out on these, the position of th(
inside frames being laid off at the sami
time. As the pattern was of taperins
height, this was essential to the correci
Fig. fl.
as indicated in Fig. 7, to the left, which
shows the pattern in process of molding.
With the frames made, the side boards
were cut along the line of the offset at
X, Fig. 5. '
Figs. 5 and 6 give a view of the fin-
ished pattern, the former showing the
loose parts removed.
The Mold.
The pattern being molded by the
method known as "bedding-in-the-
Fic 3.
Flif. 7.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
283
floor," the under side (when molding, it
was, of course, inverted from the posi-
tion shown in Tigs. 5 and 6) was made
as plain as possible, to facilitate the
making of the bed. Several of the core
boxes may be seen in the background,
and are sufficient to indicate the divi-
sion of the cores. Fig. 7 shows, to the
left, a section of the mold, with the
cope removed, ready to draw the pat-
tern, and to the right, the completed
mold. Details, such as rods, gaggers,
bolt heads, etc., are purposely omitted
to avoid confusion of lines. It is not
our purpose to enter into a detailed de-
scription of the process of molding at
this time, except only to note the method
of locating the side cores, as shown at
A, Fig. 7. Two or more ehaplets were
rammed up in each of these side cores,
at a given line marked on the box, and
left projecting the amount of the re-
quired metal thickness. Tested by tem-
plate or gauge, a core print was placed
at each side of the centre cores to form
a place for the side cores to rest upon
the ehaplets aforementioned. This bear-
ing against the centre cores assured the
correct thickness Of metal here. After-
wards, they were further secured by
ehaplets wedged on the opposite side to
' 1
I
1
1
1
1
1
A
J
1
J
~r~
r
1
1
1
1^
prevent movement under the flow of the
metal.
In a steel casting of this length, with
varying metal thickness and crop ribs,
there is always the danger of shrinkage,
strain and cracking or parting company
at the comers. That this can be over-
Fig. 4.
come by a judicious use of stitching or
bracketing the corners, the use of chills
and the casting-in of rods, is proved by
the casting, as seen in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.— MnohiiTc Rdllers Oast Vertically.
MACHINE ROLLERS CAST VERTI-
CALLY.
By John H. Eastham, Montreal.
■pvURING the recent slump in the Lan-
cashire cotton trade, local makers
of machinery had great difficulty in ob-
taining sufficient orders to keep their
works running three-quarter time. One
firm of long standing suBered so severely
through keen competition and the copy
of their patent without actual infringe-
ment, that a reduction in the cost of
production became absolutely neces-
sary
Vertical Method Detail.
To this end, amongst other items, a
roller job came under notice. With each
machine sold, one 9 inch and one 7 inch
diameter roller were required, of vary-
ing lengths, according to size of ma-
chine ordered. These had for years been
moulded horizontally in ordinary pipe
flasks, blackwashed and dried in the
usual way, and cast vertically in a spe-
cial pit for the purpose. The foreman
decided to mould the rollers vertically
in the above mentioned pit, for the rea-
son that the clumsy pipe boxes required
the crane too often.
In place of the old half block patterns
on which both cope and drag parts were
formerly rammed, solid wooden pat-
terns were turned and provided with a
staple for withdrawal from the sand.
At the lower end a taper print was pro-
vided to guarantee the cores being plac-
ed in correct position as shown in Fig.
1. Casings cast in halves, and perfor-
ated at intervals with J inch holes for
vents, were made, in two widths and
bolted together, to accommodate each
separate size roller. About 3 inches
ramming room was allowed all round
the pattern. Cast iron stools, to serve
as bases for casings and patterns, of
sufficieirt height from pit floor to facil-
itate fastening patterns in place while
ramming, and cores whilst pouring, were
also provided, as shown in sketches I
and II respectively. Each mould after
being finished, and having the stool at-
tached by cotters in guide pins "a" and
"b", was hoisted on a stove car to the
vertical position. Less coke was now
needed, and less room taken up, by this
arrangement than formerly.
By the addition of a little coal dust
to the facing sand, blacking was render-
ed unnecessary, and after drying, each
mould was lowered, into the! pit,
the core adjusted to place, the cotter
shown at
figs. 1 and 2, driven
tight, and the job cast, as early as con-
venient. When shaking out, the cotters
(not shown), were first removed from
guide pins "a" and "b". The casing
and casting were then hoisted from the
pit, and emptied on to the foundry
floor.
By this method, 40 per cent, of mould-
ing time was saved, and castings true
to pattern obtained ; the former ugly
joint mark, which had broken several
valuable tools in the machine shop, be-
ing non-existent. The method of gating
is shown in sketch of completed mould
at fig. 2.
Pig. 2.— Machine KoUers Cast Vertically.
284
CANADIAN MACHINERY
OPEN HEARTH FURNACES FOR
SMALL CASTraGS.*
By Walt«i BiacGregor.
Indiana Harbor, Ind.
IN discussing the subject of open hearth
furnaces for the production of steel
for small castings, I will confine my re-
marks to fuel oil furnaces, as operating
with this fuel when the furnace is prop-
erly designed, the melter will have few-
er difficulties to contend with.
Turning for a moment to the steam
eog^eering profession, we see that the
engineers in well conducted power plants
are giving their greatest attention to
the problems of combustion, and in the
case of plants already in operation, ex-
perimenting to find a grade of fuel best
suited to their type of furnaces. It is a
well understood fact among these en-
gineers, that the design of a furnace, to
get the best efficiency from the fuel, de-
pends entirely upon the nature of the
fuel to be burned. Obviously, as we 'are
to deal in high temperatures, we have,
therefore, to pick out a fuel ■ of heat va-
lue, and design our furnace to suit its
combustion. In order to get the 'highest
beat, our furnace body should be of such
proportions, that we can burn the ne-
cessary amount of fuel, in the smallest
possible space, and in order to burn a
large antount of combustible in a small
space, a short flame is necessary.
Short Flame Factors.
The factors governing the short flame,
according to the fuel experts of the
United States Navy, are :
First — A pure carbon fuel.
Second— Initial heating of the air
which furnishes the oxygen for com-
bustion.
Third— Intimate mixture of the oxygen
with the fuel, or diffusion.
Fourth— Large surface of the fuel pre-
sented for impact of this oxygen.
The first factor,, the nature of the fuel,
is settled for us, because we have decid-
ed upon fuel oil, whose probable analy-
sis is as follows :
C— 83.26 per cent.
H.— 12.41 per cent.
S.— .50 per cent.
0.— 3.83 per cent.
The heat value of this fuel, according
to Du Long's formulae, would be 19481
B.T.U. per pound. From this analysis
we can easily compute the quantity of
air required for combustion, and the 'pro-
ducts of combustion for any amount of
fuel burned.
Open Hearth Fnmace Reqnirements.
As a representative size uf small open
hearth furnace, we will chooso five-ton
as an example, and discuss the con-
ditions that will determine the proper
fnmace proportions. We are to melt
* Paper read at the Amerlran FouDdrjr-
man'a ConTentlnn. PltUliurg, May, 1911.
With • spcciric
trivliy It 60 F. of .926.
and reduce five tons of metal, and the
time of charging one heat, till the time
of charging that following, we will as-
sume as four hours. As the oil consum-
ed varies much in different furnaces, we
will assume an average fuel consump-
tion, say forty-eight gallons of oil .per
ton of steel melted in this given tiras,
or one gallon per minute, .\ssuming
twelve pounds of air required for burn-
ing one pound of carbon, and thirty-four
and seventy-eight hundredths pounds of
air required for burning one pound of
hydrogen, we have from the analysis of
the fuel :
9.9912 lbs. of air required to burn tbe total
Carbon In fuel.
4.2161 lbs. of air required to burn tbe total
Hydrogen in fuel.
14.2073
.16 Correction of ani't for Oxygen In fuel.
14.0473 lbs. air required for complete com-
bustion of 1 lb. of liquid fuel.
With fuel oil of 7.72 lbs. per gallon we have
14.047x7.72=108.37 lbs. air required per gallon
of oil.
With air at 13.14 cu. ft. per lb. we have
108.37x13.14=1424.11 cu. ft. nir required to
burn one gallon of fuel oil.
Hence, to burn one gallon, we must
admit theoretically 1,424 cubic feet of
air per minute into the furnace. To this
we must add the amount of air required
in reducing the carbon and silicon in the
metal. Ten thousand pounds charge, of
which I2i.per cent, is pig iron with
about 24 per cent, carbon, and the rest
steel scrap and billets of about .30 per
Cent, carbon, require reducing to about
.18 carbon at the time of tapping. From
this we got the total carbon contents of
the bath as 5C.5 pounds, to be reduced
to 18 pounds, or 56.6 — 18=38.5 pounds
of carboD to be burned out in about two
hours of reducing the, charge. As before,
157.6 cubic feet of air are required to
burn 1 pound of carbon, therefore we
have 157.6X38.5=6,070 cubic feet of
air required in two hours, or 50 cubic
feet per minute. All of this passes off
with the products of combustion. In thg
same way we can determine the amount
of air required in eliminating the sili-
con, and which will run about 42 cubic
feet per minute. A certain amount of
oxygen is also taken up by the man-
ganese, but this is so small as to be ne-
glected.
With the total theoretical amount of
air required, 1,424 + 50 -f 42 = 1,512
cubic feet per minute, we are in a po-
sition to determine the proper furnace
proportions, with due regard to the
.second circumstance in producing the
short flame : "initial heating of the
air." The volume of air is figured at a
temperature of 72 degrees F., which will
be about the temperature of air enter-
ing our valve. The increase in volume
of air at different points along its
travel, due to its increase in temper-
ature, must bo the governing factor in
designing the ports, flue openings, etc.,
and as the volume of this air increases
in direct ratio to the absolute temper-
ature, it follows that the volume occu-
pied at any point may be computed,
when the temperature at that point is
known.
The air valve, due to the reversing
feature of the furnace, should be figured
rather to accomm.odate the products of
combustion than the entering air, as
these are at a higher temperature, and
will, therefore, require a greater area of
flue. The temperature of the valve is a
vital point in the problem of desijjn, for
any heat beyond this point toward ihe
stack is lost as far as the furnace is
directly concerned, and can only be used
in the field of economizers. In deter-
mining the size of the valve we will
first have to determine the velocity of
the products of combustion throuijh the
valve, due to the draft of the stack.
This then gives as our starting point,
the design of the stack and which we
would more naturally consider our
finishing point.
Stack Design.
A number of eminent authorities on
chimney design have chosen 60O degrees
F., as the most economical >!.3Ck tem-
perature, and Rankine has spent con-
siderable time in trying lo prove i* in
his work on "Steam Engines "' I havfs
never seen an open hearth stack with
that low temperature, and will, there-
fore, base my calculation on a temper-
ature of 1,000 degrees F., because more
nearly current practice. In my ex-
perience with small furnaces, I find
that the most satisfactory stack draft
to be maintained, is about one inch of
water. This is a function of the height
of the stack, and its difference in tem-
perature inside and outside. With this
difference in temperature and a draft of
one inch of water, we get a stack 110
feet high, hence we will assume this as
the minimum height to be desired. The
velocity of gas, due to the pressure
head for this height of stack and tem-
perature, and allowing a 25 per cent,
friction factor, is rather less than fif-
teen feet per second, a velocity recom-
mended by a number of authorities as
good practice.
We have based our calculation, so, far,
on the theoretical amount of air requir-
ed for combustion, but will design our
stack and fiues, as in the case of power
plant design, for an excess capacity of
one hundred per cent., which would be
3,000 cubic feet of gas per minute, or
fifty cubic feet per second. This, divid-
ed by the velocity of fifteen feet per
second, would give a sectional area of
stack of 3 1-3 feet, or a trifle over 2 feet
diameter. We will assume 27 inches
diameter of stack as best suited to this
furnace, and plenty large enough to per-
mit of any crowding. The size of the
valve and flues leading to the valve
CANADIAN MACHINERY
285
from the checker chambers will be the
same.
Checker Chambers Design.
The second factor governing the short
flames, "the initial heating of the air,"
spoken of before, is introduced by means
of the reversing feature of the furnace,
through the checker chambers, and these
chambers should be so designed as to
slow up the travel of the products of
combustion, in order that they may give
up the major part of their heat to the
checker brick, or that part of the heat
which is not required to produce the
stack draft. The cubical contents of
these chambers should not be less than
75 cubic feet per ton of steel melted per
heat, and preferably in the neighborhood
of 100 cubic feet per ton. These cham-
bers should be located behind the fur-
nace and not immediately under the fur-
nace. This point is quite as important
in small furnaces as in large ones, as
they operate at a higher temperature,
and we should get the benefit of a good
circulation of outside air, under the
hearth of the furnace. These chambers
should be long and narrow, or deep, in
oil burning furnaces, giving a very long
travel to the products of conabustion,
before they reach the valve, as on ac-
count of the highly volatile nature of
the fuel and the slowness with which
many of the hydrocarbons mix with oxy-
gen, a great deal of the fuel will he out ■
in the stack before it has undergone
complete combustion.
Gas Analysis.
The methods of gas analysis, as ap-
plied to steam boiler practice, will
show some very interesting relations in
this regard. In a five-ton furnace which
I have been operating, a flue gas analy-
sis will show the following :
CO CO o
At the rear of the checker
chambers 24 ft. back of
the centre line of furnace 6.4% 3.1% .2%
III the air valve 9 ft. further
back 8.8% .3% 8.0%
In the stack 16 ft. further
back 9.4% .3% 9. %
With a decrease in temperature between the
first and last point from 1,750 degrees P. In
the rear of the chambers to 930 degrees F.
in the stack.
In case all the fuel were burned before
it reached the stack, the sum of the oxy-
gen components of the flue gas would
be 21 per cent., as there is 21 per cent,
by volume of oxygen in all the air ad-
mitted to the furnace, the volume of the
carbon element being so small as to be
considered zero. As a matter of fact,
however, the sum of the oxygen compo-
nents at the valve is only 17.1 per cent.,
and even out of the stack it is only
18.7 per cent., which shows that there
is some form of hydrocarbon gas occupy-
ing the other 4 per cent, and which is
getting past the valve unburned, and be-
ing wasted out in the stack. This, I
think, shows very conclusively, the ne-
cessity of having long chambers and
flues in oil burning furnaces, to insure
complete combustion of the gaseous fuel
before reaching the reversing valve.
The above figures are based on atomiz-
ing the fuel with compressed air instead
of with steam, because with steam, the
hydrocarbons are slower in taking up
oxygen, and a g^s analysis at the valve
will show a higher percentage of hydro-
carbon gas unburned at the valve, and a
corresponding increase in stack temper-
ature. A sample of gas at the base of
the staclt, when steam was used for ato-
mizing purposes, showed the following
analysis : COj, 7.5 per cent. ; CO, .4 per
cent., and oxygen, 9.5 per cent.
Oxygen and Fuel Mixture.
The third condition goiverning the
short flame, "intimate mixture of oxy-
gen with the fuel or diffusion," bears
directly on the size and arrangements of
the air ports and the furnace body. The
size of the ports depends upon the size
of the reversing valve, or vice versa,
and the relation between the two is in
direct ratio to the absolute temperature
at the two points, these being 1,490 de-
grees F. at the valve, and 2,800 degrees
F. at the ports, or a ratio of 1 to 2.
The ports, therefore, should have an
area of twice the area of the
reversing valve, which will give us
a total port area at one end of
the furnace of about seven feet. These
ports should be carried the full width
of the furnace, to prevent any short cir-
cuit oif air through the furnace body, as
the travel of gas through the furnace
body should have the same velocity at
all points to get the proper diffusion.
These air ports should come well up
above the hole in the monkey wall,
through which the oil burner enters the
furnace, so that the air must come
down on top of the flame rather than
underneath it. This is a very import-
ant factor in designing a hot working
furnace.
The space to be allowed for hearth in
small furnaces should not be under ten
square feet per ton of charge, and then,
too, the shape should approach more
nearly a square than the oblong forms
in general use, as this tends to give a
better effect to the radiation of the
walls and roof Then, by widening the
furnace, we lessen the cutting action of
the flame on the side walls and keep
down repair bills.
.\s to the length of the furnace body,
this should be governed by the length of
the oil flame, for the hottest part of tha
flame should be about the center of the
furnace. 1 have not been able to get a
flame that was intense enough to melt
down a charge of metal any less than
about eight feet from the tip of the bur-
ner to the hottest part of the flame,
and as the tip of the burner should stick
clear through the monkey wall, which
will extend at least 9 inches beyond the
ports of the furnace, we will get as a
minimum furnace length, twice the
length of the flame as already mention-
ed, plus twice the width of the ports,
plus twice the thickness of the end
walls, and plus twice the 9-inch exten-
sion of the monkey wall beyond the
ports, or a total of about 22 feet.
Oil Burners and Antomizing Agents.
The fourth circumstance governing the
short flame, "large surface of fuel pre-
sented for impact of oxygen," is a mat-
ter of oil burners and atomizing agents,
and has furni-sbed inspiration to thou-
sands of inventors — all to very little
purpose. The matter of atomizing this
fuel oil is one of overcoming the sur-
face tension of the oil and breaking it
up into very fine particles, so that it
will present greater surface for contact
with the oxygen. The two methods in
use, superheated steam and compressed
air, give a mechanical efficiency so small
that you can barely find it at all.
There is a great deal of discussion at
the present time on the needless waste
of compressed air for atomizing pur-
poses when superheated steam will an-
swer, but in the small casting business,
one of the main difficulties is getting the
metal hot enough to run the thin sec-
tions in the molds, and since by its
very nature, compressed air, while ato.
ihizing the oil, furnishes at the same
time oxygen for combustion, and that
too very intimately mixed with the oil,
it is quite evident that by using air we
get quicker combustion, a shorter flame
and a somewhat hotter furnace.
In conclusion, I will say that in oper-
ating' a furnace designed along these
lines, it will not be a difficult matter to
get out six five-ton heats in 24 hours,
and still have the metal hot enough to
pour man} castings weighing a fraction
of a pound each. With a five-ton heat
it is not uncommon to pour as high as
17 molds, consuming about 50 minutes
in pouring. The metal must, therefore,
be extremely hot at the time of tapping
the heat.
GYPSUM IN NOVA SCOTIA.
In no other territory in the world, it
is asserted, are there such vast, varied,
and valuable deposits of gypsum as in
Nova Scotia. The exposures show beds
of from a few feet to hundreds of feet
in thickness, rang-ing in color from gray
to sr.ow white, and frequently of the
best quality. Some of the deposits
have been workea for nearly a century,
but so far only two mills have beer.- es-
established for the manufacture of gyp-
sum proQucts. The production of gyp-
sum rose from 300,000 tons in 1908 to
322,974 tons in 1910, practically all be-
ing sent abroad.
286
CANADIAN MACHINERY
EXHAUST FAN RECORD.
The Canadian Buffalo Forge Co., Ltd.,
Montreal, has perfected a slow speed
multi-blade exhaust fan which has prov-
en exceptionally economical in power
Consumption.
The high efficiency is attributed to the
multi-blade design of the fan wheel, and
to its proportions, which give maximum
efficiency at speeds averaging fully 30
per cent, below the normal for exhaust
fans. Slow speed is an important fea-
ture, as it reduces power consumption,
minimizes wear and cost of upkeep, and
lengthens the life of the fan.
The applications of these fans, are al-
most as numerous as those of standard
design ; sawdust, shavings, spent tan
bark, refuse from abrasive operations,
grain, wool, cotton, dust, smoke, gases
etc., being easily and economically
handled.
The fans are made single or double,
in sizes from 30 up to 80 inches in
diameter, and for pressures from one to
six ounces. Like the "Buffalo" stand-
ard exhaust fans, they are made with
reversible housing. Structurally, they
embody all the features of the most ad-
vanced fan practice.
ersonal
.Mr. Bruce Harinaii. for many years
a prominent member of the staff of the
Linde British Refrigerator Company,
London, Eng-land, was recently
appointed manager for that company in
Canada, and has taken up his new du-
ties in the company's offices, 628-620
Coristine Building, Montreal. The com-
pany has been doing business in this
country for over fifteen years and its
operation)) are well known in all parts
of the Dominion. Confidence has been
shown in Mr. Harman'i ability, by
placing him in charge of this large and
important territory.
Mr. A. W. Farnsworth, consulting en-
gineer, of London. England, visited
London, Ont., last week in the interests
of English capitalists, who are looking
for a location for the erection of a $5,-
OOO.OaO steel plant. Mr. Farnswortli is
visiting all the principal cities in Can-
ada.
The death of Samuel O. Grecriinis;,
president of the B. Greening Wire Co.,
of Hamilton, Ont., occurred in that cuy
Aug. 31, in his sixty-fourth ye.ir. He
had been ill for about a year, \a:\ his
death had for some time been expected:
Mr. Greening was born in Manchester,
Eng., and came to Canada when t,Mite
young. Upon the death of his father, )„
1877, he became head of the biisinc.-4.s,
which, in 1899, was incorporated under
its present style, and which, under his
management, became one of the If.ading
industries of Hamilton. He was a direc-
tor of the Dominion Power and Trans-
mission Co., and took an active part in
the commercial aJid social life of Hamil-
ton.
RECENT LEGAL DECISIONS.
Damages to the extent of $1,800 were
obtained by Francis William Greene,
from the Canada Foundry Co.
Greene had entered a suit against the
Company for $10,000 damages for injur-
ies received on October 10, 1910, when
an explosion occurred wthich threw mol-
ten pitch over him. As a result he was
confmed in a hospital for five months
and is still under tihe care of a physician.
When the case came up before Mr.
.Ju.stice Middleton in the Jury Assizes,
it was pointed out that the notice re-
quired by law, to be given within three
months of the accident, that action was
to be taken against them, was not given
the defendants.
Upon Judge Middleton ruling that it
was necessary that it be proved that de-
fendants' case was not prejudiced by this
lack of notice, a consultation took place
between the lawyers, which resulted in
the Case being settled out of court.
William Fleming, who was injured in
August, 1910, owing to a fuse blowing-
out in a street car, upon whiah he was
riding, was awarded $1,200 damages
against the Toronto Street Railway
Company, by Mr. Justice Middleton in
the Assize Court. The amount asked by
Fleming was $5,000.
From a paper dealing with the com-
position and treatment of iron and
steel, it is noted that the centre of a
easting is always coarser graine^l and
weaker than the surface. Removing
the skin of a casting reduce.s it.s
strength per unit of cross-section. Bars
cast horizontally are more uniform in
strength and size than those cast ver-
tically.
Sickness and invalidity insurance by
co-operation between employer and work-
er is a subject to which too much at-
tention cannot be given. Many American
as well as European employers have es-
tablished model institutions for com-
plete social relief for their workers, and
in nearly all cases such institutions havo
proved successful, not only from a hu-
manitarian standpoint, but from a busi-
ness standpoint.
The Robb Engineering Co., South
Framingham, Mass., and Amherst, Nova
Scotia, are building at the latter plant,
two large rolling mill engines of 2,500
h.p. each. These engines, which are the
first rolling mill engines to be built in
Canada, are for the Dominion Iron and
Steel Company.
SincI* Multi-Blade Buffalo Forge Fan.
Double Multi-Blade Buffalo Forge Fan.
Mechanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinist
By B. P.
A Series of Progressive Lessons Deigned to Familiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Apparatus Necessary to Make Simple Drawings, to Encourage them to Realize How Irn-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, „s Well as limuj a Profitable Pastime
TN this month's lesson we will consi-
der the subject of screw threa'ds.
This should prove instructive both to
the apprentice and also to the full-fledg-
ed machinist. The latter may be per-
fectly familiar with the method of pro-
ducing a screw thread on an engine
lathe, and yet find himself somewhat at
sea when it comes to a question of mak-
ing a correct drawing of such a thread.
Various Forms of Thread.
For the benefit of the apprentice we
have prepared Fig. 1, which shows some
of the most commonly used forms of
screw thread. The pitch, p, of a screw
is the distance from a point in one
thread to the corresponding point in the
next thread, measured parallel to the
axis of the screw ; and defines the dis-
tance the screw will advance into its nut
»n one complete revolution. The pitch
is usually spoken of as being so many
threads per inch ; thus, 8 per inch means
that there are eight threads and eight
spaces per inch of length. It is also ex-
pressed as a pitch of i inch.
The Whitworth thread, Fig. 1, is the
standard form of triangular thread used
by engineers in Great Britain and most
other parts of the Empire. In it, the
sides of thread are inclined to each
other at an angle of 55 degrees ; the
depth, d, if the thread came sharp to the
top and bottom, as shown by the dotted
lines, would be equal to .96 p, where p
is the pitch. The actual depth is only
two-thiras of this, however, one sixth
being rounded off top and bottom, as
shown. To draw this thread, first set
down a horizontal line A.B. and mark
on it the pitch for the required number
of threads. From the points thus ob-
• Eighth of a series of an instruction course.
tained drop perpendicular lines as shown,
and from these same points draw lines
at 27 J degrees to these perpendiculars.
Where these angular lines meet, draw
another horizontal line CD. The verti-
cal distance between A.B. and CD. is
the theoretical depth, d, of the thread
Divide thisMepth, d, into six 6,,ual spaces,
and draw a horizontal line through the
flrst division from the top and the first
from the bottom. These two lines give
us the actual depth of the thread, as
shown rounded' off top and bottom.
The Sellers thread is the standard
form of triangular thread in the I'nited
States. Its sides are inclined at an
angle of 60 degrees and the theoretical
depth, d, is consequently equal to the
pitch. An amount equal to i d is cut
off at the top and bottom, and left flat.
Another thread, frequently met with,
is the common Vee thread. This is ex-
actly the same as the Sellers thread
would be, if the flattening at top and
bottom were omitted. It is impossible
to produce such a thread with scientific
accuracy, besides the sharp points of
course soon become worn and are easily
damaged. Most authorities are urging
the abandonment of the Vee thread, and
it is to be hoped that it will soon be
as extinct as the dodo.
The types of thread so far discussed
all have ample strength, but their fric-
tional resistance is very high. In order
to reduce friction, the square thread is
often used. In this type, the thickness
and depth of the thread are equal to
half the pitch, and the number of threads
per inch is generally half the number re-
quired for a triangular threaded screw
of equal diameter. Square threads are
often used for transmitting motion, as
in planing machines, lathes, etc. This
form of thread is not as strong as the
triangular type, and where the pressure
to be transmitted is in one direction
only, the buttress thread is more often
adopted, the pressure in its case acting
on the perpendicular side of the thread,
as indicated by the arrow. This type
is a combination of the trian^lar and
the square threads, and has the strength
of the former and the lower frictional
PiR. 2.— Drawing and Sketching.
BUTTRESS THREAD
Pig. 1.— Drawing and Sketching.
resistance of the latter. Fig. i clearly
shows its construction, although as it
is not a standardized thread, the
amount cut off top and bottom may vary
in different shops. Sometimes this
thread is rounded off instead of being
left flat as shown in the cut.
Drawing a Helical Curve.
The edge- of the thread in passing
round the body of the bolt forms a
helical curve, and the method' of draw-
ing this curve as it appears in a *<uare
threaded screw is shown in Fig. 2.
Lay down the horizontal centre line,
and at equal distances on either side of
it draw two horizontal lines to represent
the diameter of the screw over the
threads. Set off the pitch along these
lines and make the width of the thread
equal to half the pitch. Draw hori-
zontal lines to represent the depth of
the thread, which is also equal' to half
the pitch.
It will be well to pencil all lines
rather lightly at first, as parts of them
will have to be erased later. Mark off
the square threads, remembenng that
in a single threaded screw, such as we
are now drawing, the threads at the
•28R
CANADIAN MACHINERY
top come opposite the spaces at the
bottom. This is seen clearly in Fig. 3,
which shows a nut for the screw shown
in Fig. 3, but drawn to a rather small-
er scale.
Next draw a half end view as shown
to the right in Fig. 2. The smaller
semi-circle shows the diameter of the
screw at the bottom of the thread,
while the larger is the diameter over
the threads. Divide these semi-circles
into any convenient even number of
equal parts, say eight Then divide half
the pitch into the same number of e<jua\
parts, beginning at the corner of a
thread, and drop perpendiculars through
each point.
For a right hand thread, number these
vertical lines as shown : — for a left
hand thread, the order of the numbers
will be reversed, that is, 8 will be on
the left and 0 on the right. Next num-
ber the division points on the two semi-
circles as shown in the cut, the order
remaining thus, whether for a right
hand or a left hand thread.
Points on the helical curve are ob-
tained by the intersection of each verti-
cal line with its corresponding horizon-
tal line, the larger semi-circle giving
points at the top of the thread and the
smaller griving points at the root. The
points thus obtained must be neatly
joined up by a curve, in fact neatness
and accuracy throughout are of the
(greatest importance, if the student wish-
es to make a drawing io which he can
leg^itimately take some pride, when com-
pleted.
When one thread has been drawn by
the above method of projection, it is
best to make two' templets of light
wood or stiff 'cardboard. One should be
cut to fit the curve at the top of the
thread and the other to fit the curve
of the root. By the aid of these temp-
lets the remaining threads may be
quickly drawn^ A little consideration
will make clear the reason for the con-
struction shown in Fig. 2. It is ob-
vious that while a point in the screw
passes throu(![h one of the diviaons of
the circumference, it will also move par-
allel to the axis of the screw, a Hke
proportion of the pitch.
Fig. 3 shows a nut for a right hand-
ed square threaded screw. It is shown
in section, and at first glance, the
threads appear to be opposite hand to
the right hand screw, Fig. 2 However,
this is not really so. Remember that
the nut is in section and note in Fig. 2
that the dotted curves in the screw ate
inclined the opposite way to those
shown in full lines.
The curves of the thread in the nut
are obtained by a similar method to
that employed in Fig. 2 We have not
shown the construction lines so fully,
beine of opinion that the student will
derive more benefit from the exercise,
if be (tudies out the matter for himself.
Square threaded screws of coarse
pitch are comparatively weak owing to
the great depth of the thread, which re-
duces the body diameter considerably.
The trouble may be overcome by sub-di-
viding the pitch into two, three, or
more threads, each of which is i, 1-3,
etc., of the pitch in width and depth.
This subject will be briefly treated at
the beginning of our next lesson.
Owing to lack of space the final part
of the September lesson was omitted.
Referring to page 257 of the September
issue. Fig. 4 shows a cast-iron chain
barrel or drum for a jib crane. This
is a good example of the usefulness of
sectional views, because the longitudinal
section shown gives all the information
required by a pattern-maker of average
intelligence. It will be a good exercise
for the student to complete the draw-
Flg. 3.— Drawing and Uketching:.
itkg by the addition of an outside ele-
vation and two end views.
Student Exercises.
The long evenings are ag-ain here, and
we propose setting a few exercises at
the end of each lesson, which all stu-
dents should endeavor to complete be-
fore the following issue appears.
1. Draw accurately a full size section
of a Sellers thread bolt 4 inches dia.,
and IJ inches pitch.
2. Draw a square threaded screw 5
inches dia., 2 inches pitch. Show tour
or five threads, two being in section.
3. Draw a buttress thread in section.
Show four threads ; screw to be 3 inches
dia., by 1 inch pitch. One sixth of the
depth is to be -cut off flat, top and bot-
tom.
THE NEW POLSON DRYDOCK.
'T^'^IK new Floaiinir Dry Dock now
•*■ building at the Poison Iron Works.
Limited, Toronto, Ont., is of the foljow-
iiiir dimensions:
Length 600 feet.
Length over outrigger . . . 642 ' '
Breadth over all 100 "
Breadth at deck inside... 80 "
Breadth at top inside .... 84 "
Depth over all 35 "
Depth to dock deck 8 "
Lifting capacity 9,000 tons.
At present, only two sections of IW
XlOO feet are being built, making an
overall length of 3;i6 feet, with a lifting
(apaeity of 4,500 tons, and easily able
lo accommodate any vessel trading on
Lake Ontario. At a future date, when
larger vessels are expected to be on
these waters, a 300 feet section will be
built and added to the dock, making a
total length of 642 feet, with a lifting
(apaeity of 9,000 tons.
Constructional Detail-Bnikheads.
The dry dock is of U-shape section,
each 150 feet length, being divided
transversely by two watertight bulk-
heads, spaced 50 feet apart. These
bulkheads are fitted intercoslally be-
tween the three longitudinal bulkheads
which run continuously from end to end.
That on the longitudinal centre line is
not intended to be watertight. Those at
the side, located 20 feet on each side of
the longitudinal centre line, are of water-
tight (oiistruction. These bulkheads
consist of %-ineh plating, 5X3X%-i'ich
vertical stiffeners spaced 30 inches
a))art, 5X3X%-ineli horizontal stiffen-
ers spaced about 7 feet apart, and shell
and deck angles of 3l/2X3y2X%-inch.
Constructional Detail — Framing.
The framing consists of both longi-
tudinal and transverse systems, the
I'oriner being carried out between the
wing bulkheads in the centre, and the
latter, outside the wing bulkheads and
on the walls. Solid floors are fitted
transversely every 10 feet between the
longitudinal bulkheads, and consist of
%-inch plating, with connecting angles
of 3X3X%-inch and vertical stiffeners
of 5X3X%-iiicli spaced 30 inches apart.
Between these solid floors, are fitted the
longitudinal frames of 6X3y2X%-inch
on the bottom and 12X25 lb. channel at
the top. The former are fitted inter-
costally between the solid floors, while
the latter run continuously from bulk-
head to bulkhead. This longitudinal
.system of framing is completed by a
continuous series of lattice work of
•^X4X%-ineli angles, with %-inch cros.?
lies and brackets securely connecting
them to frames and vertical stiffeners.
The longitudinal framing summed up,
comprises a non-watertight centre bulk-
liead. two side wing watertight bulk-
heads, and fourteen rows of frames and
I racings. The transverse framing con-
sists of a series of lattice work frames
opposite every solid floor, of 6X3V2X%
angle frames, %-ineh brackets and
4X-iX%-inch bracings. The side frames
if o\iter and inner walls extend from top
to bottom continuously, and have beani.--
securely bracketed to them about every
7 feet: Intermediate frames, fitted be-
tween each solid floor, spaced 30 inches
apart, and extending from wing bulk-
ixad to top. are of 6X3'/2X%-i"<'li
angles with ■''<,-infli brackets connecting
lieams and stanchions.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
IMPORTANT LIGHTING CONSID-
ERATIONS.
By F. B. Allen
IT may be .stated that the success of
any institution depends upon the
efficiency of its individual composition.
This is evident, as all work planned or
produced is the result of human thought.
Every institution has four departments:
the PMnance, Executive, Producing and
Sales. Each one of these departments
zation of this efficiency, should be of
paramount interest.
Below is a diagram of shop condi-
Uons relative to Producing Department
efficiency :
Employes ' Efficiency.
.\n employee's efficiency depends upon
two things — aiTjility and willingness to do
the work. .\s far as ability is concern-
ed, it is dependent upon three consider-
ations : firstly — powers of perception, of
which in nearly every case sight is of
toward health, such as correct illumina-
tion, temperature, ventilation, sanita-
tion, etc. It will be noticed that in
in both divisions of ability and willing-
ness, light is a strong consideration.
If a man cannot perceive or see, he
cannot plan or execute. Again, if the
illumination is such as to strain his
eyes, producing mental fatigue and nerv-
ousness, he will unconsciously be un-
willing to work. The thorough consider-
ation, therefore, of t.>ip (iM-alities of il-
mportant Lightiug Considerations.
is of equal im lortau :e, yet ti'ie greatest
money value is represented in the Pro-
ducing Department. Thus, a hishly effi-
cient Sales Department may be employed
at less price than a Producing Depart-
ment It is, therefore, of extreme im-
portance that the individuals of this
latter, work at highest efficiency. .^ny
considerations, tending toward the reali-
thc greatest im ortance ; secondly—
brain, or intellect, to direct ; and lastly
— body to perform the work. Willingness
to labor depends upon conscious and
subconsc'ous will. Consciously, wages
are largely influential in producing the
will to work ; subconsciously, the reali-
zation of fair treatment by employers,
and conditions in the factorv tending-
Below is a diagram of shop conditions rel.^tive to Producing Department efficiency :—
Natural Light
Siirht
Artificial Light
Sound
Perception
Touch
Taste
Smell
Abiliiy to
V^ork
Intellect aided
by
Education
System
^ fficiency of
Experience
Individuals of
ProducinR De-
partment de-
Machinery and
pends on iheir
Body aided
by
Conscious will
Dependent on
power to ope-
rate same
Waffcs (Mar-
ket price)
Treatment
Conditions
Correct Light
Willingness
Subconscious
tending to-
Temperature
to work
'wili dependent
ward physica?
Ve.ttilatton
on
welfare
Sanitation
luminat in which will produce the de-
sired results toward ability and willing-
ness are of interest.
Quality of Illumination.
There are four qualities in illumina-
tion whioh should be considered: first—
the correct amount of light, that is, the
happy medium between dimness and daz-
zling brilliancy; second— the lac'.i of glare
of high intrinsic brilliancy; third— the
lacx of (licUering; and lastly— the elimina-
tion 01 harmful radiations, fnder the cor-
rect amount of light we may say that
the eye is able to wor'v under a broad
ran?e of intensities. Thus, we can often
read accurately in moonlight and still
do So in dazzling sunlight ; the latter
being over a million times the brilli-
ancy of the former. It may he stated,
however, that dependent upon the class
of work, the eye should be exercised
Under from A foot candle to 15 foot
candles. Glare is an extremely harm-
ful characteristic in any illumination.
It not only cuts down the ability of
the eye to see accurately, but produces
eyestrain and nervousness. Flickering is
also an extremely deleterious quality.
•290
CANADIAN M A C H I N i: K Y
Its results are about the same as are
produced by glare — inefficiency of the eye
in working together with eyestrain due
to the rapidity with which the eye tries
to re-fo3us under the diflerent intensi-
ties. This quality may be brought
about in one of two ways. Either the
light source varies in intensity, or the
light upon a given plane of woriging
IS not even. In each case the eye must
re-focus very often.
The most effective rays in producing
vision are the yellow and green. The
rays on either side of these in the na-
tural spectrum arc of less practical
value, since they require to be much
more powerful in order to produce the
sense of vision, and hence strain and
fatigue the eye to a correspondingly
greater extent. The red and heat rays
are particularly irritating for this rea-
son, and the different colors also pro-
small candle power, where ordinarily the
illumination from an over-head system
would not be sufficient.
The light produced by the mercury va-
por lamp, is extremely low in intrin-
sic brilliancy, the amount of light being
produced rather from the area than
from the brilliancy of the source. This
srcures a total absence of glare, not
only where the source is directly ex-
posed to the eye, but from polished
surfaces. Reflection of glare from
polished surfaces is found to be ex-
tremely annoying and of as serious a
character as the exposing of the direct
rays of the lamp. Where these 'amps
are employed, the system is of an over-
head character. The lamps are placed
1 1 light a certain number of square
feet, and are laid out symmetrically
regardless of the placing of the work-
beneath. This produces a perfectly even-
Iniportaot Ligbtlng Conolderntloiis.
duce well-known mental effects. Thus
red is exciting, while blue and violet
are depressing The use of a red flag
In bull fights, and the well-known ex-
pression "feeling blue," are recognitions
of this fact. Yellow gives contentment,
while green is restful
The Mercnry Vapor Lamp.
The mercury vapor lamp has qualiO-
cations wihich are extremely advanta-
geous to industrial illumination. It is
a scientific fact that the eye will focus
more accurately under the green rays
produced by this lamp than undet a
combination of the seven colors of the
spectrum. For this reason it is extreme-
ly advantageous to employ the light
where accurate eye work is required.
It is evident for the same reason that
the eye can also see more distinctly
under lower intensity of illumination
wit/i green light than with a combina-
tion of the seven colors of the spec-
trum. The application of this to indus-
trial illuminations results in the ability
to entirely eliminate auxiliary lights of
ly distributed light en the floor. It
may be seen, therefore, that upon a
working surface no diflerent intensities
of illumination will be found, and,
therefore, the eye .will not be called
upon to re-focus. The source, a tube
varying in length with the different
typesjjf lamps, is a steady lint of light,
being in any given period, of exactly
the same intensity. The length of the
' source is a decided advantage, tending
towards distribution and the elimination
of distinct shadows.
Analysis of Values.
An analysis of the qualities of the
mercury vapor lamp, will show that
where color values are of little impor-
tance, the other qualities of the light
are exactly' those which are reqiuired to
produce correct illumination for em-
ployees in industrial work. The impor-
tance of this cannot and must not be
overlooked. For instance, in one of the
large silk mills of the east, it is figur-
ed by a well-known cost expert that the
expense of producing their product at
night is 20 per cent, higher than that
of producing it in the day time. This
may be due to several things, but must
be largely attributed to inferior illumi-
nation. Had these people in their fac-
tory an illumination during the dark
hours as good for working purposes as
the best daylight, their cost of produc-
tion during that time, would very evi-
dently he largely decreased. It seems
strange that the importance of this con-
sideration has been overlooked, particu-
larly in view of the fact of the extreme-
ly low comparative cost of units of il-
lumination and their operation.
Factory Production of Power.
A large modern factory, it may be
figured, can produce power at a cost of
one cent per kilowatt hour. A mercury
vapor lamp can be run five hours at a
power expenditure of one kilowatt hour.
On an average in industrial lighting one
mercury vapor lamp will take care of
at least two men. Figure an average
cost of 40 cents per hour to employ
these two men. This would mean an
expense of $3. 00 to employ these two
men five hours, whereas perfect light for
them can he produced tor one cent. In
other words, if perfect light will save
one-halt of one per cent, of a man's
time, it has paid tor its total cost of
operation. Not only that, but the value
ot machinery and factory investment is
increased in proportion as the efficiency
of the men is increased. Thus, with im-
proved illumination it is not difficult to
imagine that 20 machines will do the
work that 25 had done heretofore. The
value of the given investment has in-
creased 20 per cent., or probably ten
times the value of the lighting units to
produce this result. These are the im-
portant considerations in any lighting
installation, and cannot be overlooked.
.\ny system of figuring which does not
consider these points is entirely falla-
cious and can mean but little.
WARNINGS.
The Manchester Steam Users' Associa-
tion issues the following :
Don't overload the safety valves or
tamper with them.
Don't let the water level sink out of
sight.
Don't allow the cocks and valves to
set fast.
Don't open the steam stop valves hur-
riedly.
Don't empty the boiler while steam is
up.
Don't open manholes before easing
safety valves.
Don't raise steam hurriedly.
Don't use unknown scale solvent or
compositions.
Machinery Display at the Canadian National Exhibition
The Machinery Displayed at the Recent Annual Canadian National Exhibition in Tor-
onto, Was at Least Up to It's Previous HigJi Standard of Excellence — The Exhibition
Was Open From. Aug. 26 to Sept 11, During Which Time Over 926,000 People Passed
the Turnstiles— The Machinery Hall Proved All Too Small, and a Number of Exhibits
Had to Find Accommodation in Tents Outside — Much Advantage Was Taken of the
Opportunity by Mechanics, and Numerous Inquiries and Sales Were Reported.
EXHIBITORS.
The Chapman Double Ball Bearing
Co., Toronto, showed many examples of
their well-known annular ball bearings
and double ball thrust bearings. To
demonstrate the small amount of power
absorbed by these, seven of them were
placed upright on the floor in a line, and
driven from a countershaft by six
"belts" consisting of fine twine, the
countershaft itself being driven by a
similar belt of twine from the line shaft.
Jones & Glassco, Montreal, showed
numerous examples of Renolds' Silent
Chain for which they are sole Canadian
Agents. This driving chain is well-
known to all power users. Among their
other exhibits were specimens of the
Kenyon patent inter-stranded cotton
driving rope, made by Wm. Kenyon &
Sons. Ltd., Dukinfield, Manchester, Eng.
D. K. McLean sliowed their well-known
British oak-tanned leather belting, be-
sides steel split pulleys and other mill
supplies.
The Dominion Abrasive Wheel Co.,
New Toronto, had an attractive display
of vitrified emery wheels, including a ring
wheel .'50 inches diameter, 2 inches thick
and f) inches high. All types and sizes
were shown from wheels %-inch diam-
eter by 14 i'lPh thick, for internal grind-
ing, up to 30 inches diameter by 3 inches
thick.
The Borden-Canadian Co., Toronto,
were kept busy demonstrating the Beaver
die stocks for threading and cutting
pipe. These die stocks have adjustable
dies which do not require to be changed
for the different sizes of pipe. Thus,
the 6-inch die stock will cut all sizes
of dies, and moreover, can be operated
by one man.
John Millen & Son, Montreal, ex-
hibited Cyclone high speed chain
blocks, Wright monkey wrenches. Stover
pipe wrenches, a good display of Coven-
try noiseless chain drives and Hoffman
))all bearings.
The Dominion Belting Co., Hamilton,
Ont., showed driving and conveyor belts
made from their "Maple Leaf" stitched
cotton duck.
The General Machinery Co., Traders
Bank Bldg., Toronto, showed a 3-H.P.
Luitwieler Pump in operation. This
pump is of the cam driven, non-pulsating
type, the absence of water jar and vibra-
tion being very marked. The pump was
motor-driven through gears, and was ex-
hibited standing upon four water glasses.
The delivery pipe was throttled to rep-
resent a head of about 40 pounds, yet no
vibration could be seen on the surface
of the w^ter in the glasses.
The Canadian Hart Wheels, Hamil-
ton, Ont., showed a large selection of
their Beaver brand of razor hones and
corundum grinding wheels.
The Boiler Repair and Grate Bar Co.,
Toronto, were demonstrating their 20th
Century shaking and dumping grate bar.
They also exhibited Bundy steam traps
and other specialties.
The Jas. Morrison Brass Manufactur-
ing Co., Toronto, were located in the
Process Building where they had a large
booth in which were displayed numer-
ous and varied specimens of the work
turned out by them. The exhibit in-
cluded pressure gauges, counters, injec-
tors, marine engine-room telegraphs, etc.
The Canada Metal Co., Toronto, were
located near the south entrance to the
Machinery Hall, where they had a good
display of their well-known products,
including lead joints and plumbers sup-
plies of all kinds, fuse wire, copper in-
gots, battery zincs, pig lead, spelter, etc.
In addition, samples of their many
brands of Babbitt were shown, among
which the Harris Heavy Pressure occu-
pied a prominent place.
The Dodge Manufacturing Co., Tor-
onto, occupied a large space with their
well-known products for power trans-
mission, including split wood pulleys,
bearings, hangers, etc.
The Canadian Mathews Gravity Car-
rier Co., Toronto, had three types of
ball-bearing gravity carriers in oper-
ation together with an automatic inclin-
able elevator. Much interest was shown
by visitors to this exhibit.
H. W. Petrie, Toronto, are Cana-
dian agents for the Keighley Gas and
Oil Engine Co., England and showed
three gas engines by that company, all
operating on producer gas. The largest
was 6,5 B.H.P. ; the other two being 30
and 12 B.H.P. respectively. They also
had a comprehensive exhibit of ma-
chine tools, including a Lodge and
Shipley 14-inch tool-room lathe having
double back gears, quick change speed
gears, taper turning attachment, and
thread-chasing attachment. There was
also a 42-ineh Cincinnati Bickford radial
drill and an Acme turret lathe of 1% by
9-inch capacity, having power feed to
turret automatic chuck and wire feed.
The Canadian H. W. Johns-Manville
Co. exhibited tlieir asbestos products,
roofing material, fibre conduits for un-
derground wiring, J-M and Red Seal
dry batteries, and high temperature ce-
ments for furnaces. The booth was
lighted throughout by the J-M Linolite
system of illumination, which is especi-
ally suited for show-cases, shop windows,
etc.
The Campbell Gas Engine Co., Halifax,
England (Agents, Chambers & Simpson,
Bay St., Toronto) installed a 25 H.P. gas
engine operating on gas obtained from
their suction gas producer. They also
exhibited a 13 H.P. coal oil engine, fitted
with tube ignition and water injector.
The Canadian Steam Boiler Equip-
ment Co., Toronto, were demonstrating
their Cyclone shaking and dumping grate
bar and also had exhibits of feed pumps
and Economic vacuum valves.
Wm. & J. G. Greey, Toronto, had a
large show of flour mill machinery,
among which were an improved oat-flak-
ing machine, a dough mixer and adjust-
able dough divider for cutting up dough
into equal portions. The exhibit also
included steel conveyor buckets, hand
trucks and general mill furnishings.
The Garlock Packing Co., Hamilton,
had on hand a full line of their packings
under charge of H. G. Fletcher, manager
of their Toronto branch.
The Acheson Oildag Co., Samia, show-
ed Aquadag and Oildag samples. The
former is a cutting compound and the
latter a lubricating compound. Graphite
in an extremely fine state of sub-division
forms the principal constituent of each.
The Canada Machinery Corporation,
of Gait, exhibited wood and iron-work-
ing machinery. The former consisted
of a Fay-Egan glue jointer, a Falls un-
dercut face planer, 16-inch buzz planer
with Falls automatic feed for hand
planing, and a hollow chisel machine
mortiser. The iron working machinery
consisted of one 26 by 16-inch engine
CANADIAN .M ACII I^M-:RY
Nickelplating
AMD
Polishing
Canadian Oliver
Typewriter Company
176 St. Martin Strtet. Montreal
Phone Uptown 1878.
Spec/a/ Maohlnery and
Models Made to Order.
PATENT
Shaft straightening
MACHINE
For use on the Lathe.
NO HAMMERING
For round or
square Bars,
Cranks, Tubes.
Etc.
Wri/e for Lists to
W. COPLEY & SON
Machine Tool fAaktr*
HALIFAX - ENGLAND
lathe witli quiek chanjre speed gears,
one 16 by 8-ineh ditto, and one 16-inch
crank driven shaping machine.
The Northern Electric Co. had a com-
manding comer position in the Indus-
trial Building, where they demonstrat-
ed their fire alarm apparatus, tele-
phones, etc.
The Ontario Wind Engine and Pump
Co., Toronto, were located in a large
tent on the grounds, where they had
ample space to display their exhibits.
They showed Stickney gasoline engines
ranging from 3 to 7 H.P. One of the
latter was shown in operation not bolt-
ed down, but merely resting on two
pieces of iron pipe which were free to
roll. In addition, the caps from both
shaft journal bearings were removed,
and the engine ran during each day
with little vibration. Windmills.
pumps, pitles.s weigh bridges were also
shown.
The General Supply Co., of Canada,
had as their largest exhibit a 25-inch
engine lathe of, the LeBlond type,
built by the London Machine Tool Co.,
Hamilton, Ont. One of the chief fea-
For Sale
CRUDE ALUNDUM
Hade under Cinadian Patent 120,516 to
A, C. Hl^^ins, " Method of Treating
Alominocs Materials."
Call on or address
Norton Company
Chippawa - - Ontario
tures of this type lathe is the oft-set
centres. The centre line of the head
and tailstock is set back off the centre
line of the bed, so that when work of
large diameter is being turned, the
thrust on the tool is taken by the bed
itself instead of by the overhanging
part of the saddle.
The A. R. Williams Co. showed a
good assortment of machine tools and
specialties. One of the most promin-
ent of their exhibits was a 14-inch tool
room lathe by the Hendey Machine Co..
Torrington, Conn. The special feature
of the lathe is a quick threading attach-
ment for rapid thread cutting. Its sav-
ing in time over ordinary methods is
accomplished in the means by which
the carriage is returned at high speed
from the end of the cut to the startim?
point. This is accomplished by means
of the quick return sleeve having a \ery
coarse pitch and multiple thread. Other
machines shown included a 36" radial
drill by the American Tool Co., Cincin-
nati; a Hendey Norton No. 2 universal
milling machine, a No. 2 Warner and
Swasey turret lathe having a capacity
for 1 by 6-inch stock; 18 and 12-inch
drill presses by W. F. & J. Barnes; and
a 24-inch shaper by the McGregor-
(xourlay Co., Oalt. A machine attract -
in<r mucli attention on this stand was a
No. 20 Sidney Universal Woodworker.
This consists of a 16-inch jointer, 32-inch
band saw, single spindle one-way shaper.
i-i)) and cut-ofT saw table and boring at-
tachment, combined in one machine. An
instalation showing the principle and
operation of the Kewanee system of wa-
ter su|iply was also on view.
The International Marine Signal Co.,
Ottawa, engineers and builders of steei
and structural iron, exhibited their well-
known Wilson's portable flare lights.
Jessop's Best Tool Steel
is yet unexcelled for cutting toola
of all Icinda, and for general
machine-shop use.
Jessop's "Ark" Higli-speed
(tofil K'ves marvellous results
— heavy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
'Manufactured by WM. JES80P & SONS, Ltd. Sheffield, Eng.
Reid Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods Chas. L. Bailey
St. John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
INDUSTRIAL AND CONSTRUC-
TIONAL NEWS.
KOUNDBY AND MACHINE SHOP.
VVeyburn, 8»sk. — Acton & Montgomery have
si'curod control of the We.vburn Machinery Co.
and are conducting a machine shop and gar-
auc.
Lonrton. Ont. — A large American automobile
concern have secured an option on certain
property here and will Ukely decide to locate
u plant.
Niagara Falls, Ont. — The tJaso-Electrlc Mo-
torK of New York and Toronto, have been
negotiating location for n plant here.
Fort William, Ont.— The (Jopp Stove Works
and the Harvester plant bonus by-laws were
passed by the ratepayers.
Ivlndsay, Ont.~Mr. McComb Is promoting a
company which is desirous of establishing a
malleable Iron Industry here. They propose
spending about $2.'i.0()0 for equipment and
plant.
MedlcJnp Hat, Alta. — Col. G. W. Loper, of
Spokane, proposes establishing a smelter here
for the treatment of zinc ores of the Slocan
district by the recently discovered natural gns
CANADIAN MACHINERY
7.^
prorpss. This procpss has been singularly suc-
cessful In Missouri.
London, Ont.— This city has for some time
been under the scrutiny of a million dollar
steel concern from England, which proposes
establishing In Canada. Chas. Cook, presi-
dent of the Positive Clutch & Pulley Co., of
Toronto, succeeded In Interesting them in this
country.
8t. ThomaB, Ont. — Orders have been receiv-
ed here to complete work on the new M.C.R.
roundhouse. Sixteen stalls were erected In
1910, and twcnty-flve more will now be added
at a cost of $50,000.
Windsor, Ont.— The Hnpp Motor Car Co.
are preparing to erect two factory buildings
at a cost of $25,000, and will employ about
175 men.
Berlin, Ont .Fohn Hahn, foreman in the
L. K. Shant!! foundry, is opening a machine
shop here at the rear of the Pearl Laundry.
Windsor, Ont. — The A. E. White Machine
Works, of Eau Claire, Wis., will erect a ce-
ment factory here next to the Hupp proper-
ty at a cost of .$6,000. They will manufacture
saw mill machinery.
Prescott, Ont. — Chas. Plumb Is disposing of
his machine shop business here and contem-
plates going West.
London, Ont. — The C.P.R. is spending $65,-
000 for improvements, such as office building,
works, etc.
Welland, Ont.— The Canadian Steel Foun-
dries have acquired additional property here
to make room for the extensions to be made
in the spring.
North Vancouver, B.C. — McDougai & Jen-
kins, engineers, are erecting a $7,000 machine
shop building here.
Cardston, Alta. — The Polsom Iron Works
were overhauled and improved recently.
Vancouver, B.C. — Leave to proceed with the
expropriation of large areas In the vicinity of
Coquitlam for shops and yards was granted
tlie C.P.R. recently by the Railway Commis-
sion.
Fenelon Falls, Ont. — The Art Iron Limited is
establishing a $.3,000 factory here and will
spend about $5,000 installing machinery. The
town is granting them concessions.
Orillia, Ont.— The Tudhope-Anderson Co.
are erecting an extensive plant here. Among
the buildings to be put up this year are a
blacksmith shop 80x128 feet, foundry 80x192
feet, cupola room 40x40 feet, wagon shop
80x192 feet, two storeys, and boiler room
40x40 feet. The latter will be equipped with
125 h.p engine and three 110 h.p. boilers.
Steam power will be used In the wagon de-
partment only — the machine departments will
be operntcd by electric power. All the build-
ings will be steam heated. .Manufacturing in
the machinery department will likely be
started next month.
I'rcHton, Ont. — The Preston Car & Coach
<'o. have built an additional erecting shop.
This and other Improvements have Increased
the capacity by one-third.
Ottawa, Ont. — The Dominion Bridge & Steel
Co., of Montreal, are erecting a large new
storehouse In Eastview, for their machinery.
It Is of steel, and four storeys high.
Frederlcton, N.B. — Thos. Myles, St. Marys,
has secured the $15,000 contract for a mod-
ern machine shop, which the Smith Foundry
Co. are erecting. The Smith people were or-
ganized to take over the N. B. Foundry busi-
ness here, lately conducted by Smith Bros.
There will be a machine shop, blacksmith
shop and pattern department. A feature will
be the 30-foot traveling crane, 10 tons ca-
pacity, which, as well as all the machinery,
will he run by electricity.
Fort Wnilam, Ont. — The Canada Iron Cor-
poration has decided to enlarge its plant here
to double its present capacity.
Nelson, B.C. — A flre-bug was responsible
for the destruction of the Hall Mines smelter
here recently. The works are a total loss —
$750,000.
Fort William, Ont. — The Universal Motor
Truck Co., of Warren, O.. will establish a
works here. The plant will cost, with the
equipment, approximately $,3,'50,00O.
Wetland, Ont. — The .Tohn Deere Co. are about
to start the erection of their pl!\nt here. A
large warehouse will be the first.
Preston, Ont. — Clare Bros. & Co. are taking
steps to enlarge their molding shop.
London, Ont. — The Empire .Mfg. Co. are at
present building a smelter house on their
premises, where all metal for factory use will
he reclaimed, clarified and refined. The metal
will be delivered to the foundry In No. 1
quality Ingots. The building is about 150
feet by 50 feet, and besides the smelting plant,
/ contains a laboratory where raw and finish-
ed material will be carefully analyzed. All
washing and grinding will be done in the
basement, which will also serve as n stores
room. A Rockwell oil furnace will 'be used,
having a capacity of 5,500 pounds per heat,
and three to four heats per day will be run.
Htratford. Ont. — The McDonald Mfg. Co..
Stratford. Ont., builders of traction engines,
threshing machinery. Mc. Intend to double
12 " RAPID BENCH
TOOL GRINDER
The busiest machitie in the shop.
Keeps the tools in fine shape and
saves time, all the time. No longer
necessary to burn the fingers and
draw the temper of good
tools on a dry wheel.
Moderate price too
Think it over and let us
send particu-
lars.
Also makers
of Heavy
Grinders and
Power Hack
Saws.
THE FORD-SMITH MACHINE COMPANY
HAMILTON. ONTARIO
MORE EFFICIENCY
* AND
DIXON'S CRUCIBLES
These go together. You can't use Dixon's Crucibles and not have
eflficiency. Competition was never sharper than to-day, and it is
the standardized plant with its higher efficiency that is winning
out. Dixon's Crucibles are increasing the eflficiency of your
competition.
Write for Booklet No. 223-A.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE COMPANY
JERSEY CITY, .... N.J., U.S.A.
PURE ALUMINIUM
in the form of
Ingots, Sheets, Tubing, Bars, Angles, Rods, Lap Plates,
Moulding, Nails and Rivets always carried in stock.
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, - ENGLAND
General Agents: PARKE & LEITH, 60 W. Front St.. TORONTO., CAN.
Visit us in the MACHINERY HALL, at the CANADIAN
NATIONAL EXHIBITION.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
We have the equip-,
roent and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & CO.
HESPELER, ONT.
"GUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Our 1911 Catalogue of valu-
able information regarding
"CUSHMAN CHUCKS"
is now ready. Better write for
it. It's free on request.
The Gustiman Chuck Go.
Harfford, Conn., U.S.A.
■•tmWIalMd IMt
tUe riiimolty of their plant by the adiiltiou
of new buildings and equipment. About $50.-
000 will be expended on these Improvements.
MUNICIPAL,.
Ottawa. ODt. — Three by-lnws, aggregating
$;M)5,000. for various purposes have been car-
ried by large majorities.
Medicine Hat, Alta.— Five money by-laws
for various purposes were ratified by the
ratepayers.
Gait, Ont. — The ratepayers have passed a
by-law to raise $10,000 for extending and
adding to the waterworlsB system.
Calgary, Alta. — On October 3 the ratepayers
will vote on by-laws totaling $856,000 for
various civic purposes.
Pentlcton, B.C. — The ratepayers will short-
ly vote on money by-laws totaling $24,300
for local improvements.
YorktoD, Sask. — The ratepayers will be call-
ed on to authorize the raising of $9,600 for
a waterworks system.
Swift Current, Sask. — The ratepayers will
vote on several by-laws in the near future,
one to raise $44,000 for a waterworks system,
and another to raise $10,000 for the instaiatlon
of a sewer system and sewage disposal.
North Vancouver, B.C. — The city Is con-
templatiug an expenditure of $30,000 for a
waterworks system.
Saitkataon, Sask. — The ratepa.vers have au-
thorized the following by-laws: $75,000 for
.1 water filtration plant: $73,000 for water-
works extensions; $15,000, machinery for
board of works and board of health ; $45,000
for sewers and water connections, and $225,-
000 for an intercepting sewer and sewage dis-
posal plant.
High River, Alta. — The by-laws, to estab-
lish waterworks and sewerage systems, at a
cost of $125,000, and to install new steam
heating in the town hall, were carried.
Neepawa, Man. — The ratepayers have ap-
proved a by-law to expend $100,000 in the
<!onstruption of waterworks.
Uuelph, Ont. — The light and heat commis-
sion are asking for $30,000 to put the gas
and electric light plant in Al condition.
ELECTRICAL.
LlndKay, Ont. — The ratepayers will shortly
vote on a by-law to purchase the plant of the
Seymour Power Co.
St. Mary's, Ont.— A by-law to raise $15,000
for electric power extensions will be voted
on, Oct. 14.
Saskatoon, SaHk. — The following by-iaws
were ratified by the ratepayers: $75,000 for
electric light extensions; $80,000 for a new
power house, and $135,000 for an electric
light and power plant.
Grimsby, Ont. — A by-law to loan $10,000 to
the Radiant Electrical Co. was passed by a
large majority.
Davidson, Sask. — The town is spending $10,-
000 for electric light purposes.
Yorkton, Sask. — ()o October 6 the ratepay-
ers win vote on a by-law to raise $5,100 for
electric light purposes.
Moose .law, Sask. — The street railway sys-
tem has l)een in operation a little over a
month now. A significant feature of the
system i.s the type of engines for the power
house. They are Diesel oil-burning engines
made by an Englisli firm.
GENERAL MANUFACTURING.
St. Thomas, Ont.— T. \V. Edwards, of this
city, has secured a substantial interest in
the Canadian Voting Machine Co., of Niagara
Falls. They will erect a small factory later
on, the place not yet being decided.
SImcoe, Ont. — The town has voted to erect
a $J0,000 factory for the Southam Lithograph-
ing Co.
Winnipeg, Man. — Work on the buildings and
plant of the Aislp Sandstone Brick Co. is
practically completed. The cost has been
nearly $100,000. The machinery being instal-
led Is of a German type and said to be the
liest in existence.
Bridgebnrg, Ont. — The ll,autz Co., marble
mills, of KufTfllo. will erect a $.35,000 plant
here, and employ about 40 men.
BUILDING NOTES.
Edmonton, Alta. — The city is contemplating
the erection of a city hall, to cost about $500,-
000.
Winnipeg, Man.— The C. I'. R. will erect a
14-Mton'y hotel here. "Hotel Selkirk," at a
cost of $1,500,000. It will l)e the last word
In modern architecture.
SAW AND PLANING MILLS.
Lennoxvlllv, Ont. — The Standard Box Fac-
tory was destroyed by fire recently; the fire
started near the boiler room.
Fort William. Ont. — The saw mill and
iilmksnilth shop at Stanley, owned by T. P.
Kelly, were burned out, causing a loss of
f7.00(l.
Oudrrlrh, Ont. — The Spanish River Lumber
I'o. Ih opening a yard here.
f'obooonk, Ont. — The pinning mill of the
(inll Ulvcr Lnmlier Co. was destroyed by fire
»4iine tiiiie ago. The loss Is about $4,000.
partly iDvcreil by Insurance
Face Plate Jaws
New features include extra large screws,
double thrust bearjnss ana special methods
of attaching, permittinK tt.eir use on various-
sized face plates.
Ends pointed at an an^le of 45 desfrees. so
that four jaws will fit close together at
centrt. Sizes 4-in. to 14-tn
Boring /IT/7/ Jaws
IRAs in the face plate jaws, screws are
larger than usual, thrust bearings arc double
and jaws are wider, heavier and better
supported. Made in all steel or with grey
iron base as desired.
11
HHITE FOR 1911 CATitLOGlll! OF IMPROVED
LATBE CBVCKS.
(§P HORTON HACHINE CO.!
V 'TV WIMPSOW lOCKS. COMM.
^^^^^ Mn THic.no«tgM» ION ca
m
The
IMPERIAL
CHUCK
In order to prove the reliability
and efficiency of this Chuck, we
will send on request one on 30
DAYS' FREE TRIAL.
Put it to a severe test, and if it
doesn't prove a find in your
shop, return it at our expense.
The Imperial Chuck is guaran-
teed to give long service and
satisfaction.
WRITE US AT ONCE
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
CANADIAN MACHINERY
75
A Universal Grinding Machine of Low Price
tHat Has usurped tWe field HitHerto Held
by only very expensive tools, is made by
DRUMMOND BROS., Limited,
REID HILL
GUILDFORD
ENGLAND
The Tool; illustrated here,^ will do
Cutter Grinding
Flat Grinding
Parallel Grinding
Taper Grinding
Outside Grinding
Internal Grinding
in fact, all the work that the most ex-
pensive Universal Grinding Machines
will do, so easily that it can be driven
by foot power.
This Machine has ball
bearings throughout, in-
cluding the fly wheel,
and is of the finest work-
manship, material and
accuracy. It is supplied
so that foot or motor
power can be used, as
desired.
Price $228 at Works in England
Length over all
6 ft. 3yi in.
Length between centers
1 ft. 5 in.
Center height over table
3^ in.
Traverse of table ...
1 ft. 5V2 in.
Angular movement of table
45°
Cross traverse of grinding head
5 ft.
Rise and fall of grinding head
6 in.
lyj/^npTr^rr we want to appoint agents in all parts
iNWlJA-^ OF CANADA.
Don't fail to mention "Canadian Machinery'' in n'riting to advertisers
7fi
CANADIAN MACHINE RY
^_-
W m That's It!
S ^^^^ BRONZE to BRONZE
f a^^'^llQpl^^^^^B ^^ ^^^ joint.
BS r^ ^KM You S^^ rid of troubles
^g^ j flH with pipe joints using
^^ia ^v^^ Dart Unions.
^m ■ Your jobber has them.
^^ W Guaranteed to please.
. ^Sf^
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can b«> secured for any class of castinffs by arranfflnff your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service w^hen you consult with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS. CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS. CORES. OILS. Etc.. AT REASONABLE PRICES.
•^■■'{y'l ^,::^.'J.:i^sl^^^. :y-~-:::j,'^-^-^^.':i^;^
Leather
Made
St. Joi
imn.
( ..'^-^afri .rih'nr ' *■» i.i n. r' -i7i^' ' i- ^- - --v^.'A- ..■■■■■ .,-:^^^*^
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
l>^oro 1-llcoly -to bo Aocurei±o.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DONT ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
Narnis, Ont. — The pinning mill of tbe Lud-
liiw-Ainslee Lumber Co. was burned out, caus-
init a loss of $8,000, partially Insured.
Woodatock, OdI. — The plant of the Wood-
stuck Woodworking Co. was badly damaged
by Are reiently. The boiler and tbe dry bouse
were destroyed.
Allsa Craig, Ont. — Tbe saw mill owned by
Samuel Oillies was badly wrecked by a severe
storm recently.
Shelburnr, Ont. — The up-to-date plaulne mill
owned by George Mustard was wiped out
recently by a bad Are.
Port Alberni, B.C.— The Canadian Paclfle
Lumber Co. are erecting a sawmill here, with
a capacity of 75,000 feet per day. The plant
iind buildings will cost $50,000.
TRADE MOTES.
The Grand Trunk Railway Co. has given
a contract to the Canadian Car & Foundry
Co. for the construction of 1,000 box cars of
1)0,000 pounds capacity, each, with underframes
of steel, and equipped with Westinghouse air
brakes and latest appliances. They have also
asked tenders for ten 30-foot and ten 40-foot
steel underframe flat cars.
The Canada Iron Corporation has Issued
its report for the fiscal year ending May 31.
Although some of the plants are undergoing
construction and not up to full working ca-
pacity, the earnings were good. Profits for
the year were $401,885, and bond interest
.15175,200, leaving $226,685, subject to some
minor changes. The surplus, added to the
balance of $14!t.427 lirought forward from the
previous year, made .$3511,807 of undivided pro-
fits carried forward. Since the close of tbe
fiscal year, the corporation's position has
l)een improved materially through the ac-
quisition of valuable assets which will not
show in the statements until next year.
The Canadian Department of Railways and
CanalH asks for tenders up to Oct. 16 for
30,000 gross tons of 80-pound steel rails, 1,700
gross tons of spike bars and 5,000 kegs track
spikes of 200 pounds per keg, for the Hudson
Hay Knilway.
The Canadian Lioconiotlve Works, Kingston,
Ont., has been awarded a contract by the
Grand Trunk Pacific Railway for the con-
struction of 25 large locomotives. The com-
pany has now work ahead for a year or
more.
The Dennis Wire & Iron Co., London, Ont.,
are extremely busy at present, and are re-
ceiving more orders than they can expediti-
ously handle. They will extend their plant
next spring by the addition of another storey
to tlie north wing of their factory.
Koyce Limited, Electrical and Mechanical
Engineers, TraflTord Park, Manchester, have
l)een awarded an order by the (Jreat Eastern
Ry. for 11 electrical capstans of the "Royce"
patent free bollard type, and spares for use
on the company's wharf and goods yard at
Ulackwall. The order also comprises ten
electrical Jib cranes, two electrical hoists and
spares.
The .Jeffrey Mfg. Co. have closed a contract
with the Can. Westinghouse Co. to install a
iiml conveying plant in their power house at
Hamilton. They have recently installed coal-
handling machinery at the ('an. Light, Heat
& Power Co.'s terminal station, Montreal, and
in the Grand Trunk Ry.'s new plant at
(Jttawa. They are at present erecting ma-
I'hinery in the National Trnuscontinental shops
in Winnipeg.
The Coventry Chain Co., Coventry, Enir.,
lias been awarded a gold medal for the ex-
cellence of their chains exhibit at the Festival
of Kmpire Exhibition, Crystal Palace, London,
Kngland.
The Dominion Bridge Co., Montreal, are
constructing four electric cranes for the
Canadian Steel Foundries, Limited. All four
are for use at the Montreal Steel Works,
Longue Pointe, and are of 70 foot span. They
are equipped with auxiliary hoists. Two
cranes are of 15 ton capacity and two of 20
ton capacity. Dynamic oraking controllers
are fitted, which render the use of ordinary
friction lowering brake unnecessary. They
are specially designed for steel foundry ser-
vice and have all gears enclosed in dust and
oiltlght cases.
The same company is also building a 10-
tou crane for the Canadian Car & Foundry
Co., of 72-foot span, and equipped with alter-
nating current motors.
The installation of a 20-ton crane with run-
way has Just been completed at the works of
the Dominion Marble Co., Turcot, Montreal.
This latter is now handling great blocks of
marble In a most satisfactory manner. It
also is equipped with dynamic braking con-
trollers. Recent crane shipments include a
10-ton crane of 90 feet span, to Toronto,
equipped with alternating current motors, to-
gether with a runway 700 feet long, and prac-
tically a duplicate to Winnipeg.
Beauchemin lb Flls, Ltmltpd, HorpI, Que.,
• re making a large edition to their foundry.
I'lic new structure Is to be 80 by 100 feet and
CANADIAN MACHINERY
is U, be most modem lu every particular The
structure of steel Is being erected under thi
Jhr^'^'?" V^*""- J- M.*" Kyun forme! fy of
win '^""^T^K ^"'<" ^'"■X''- The eaulpment
will Include two converters of 2i/, tons caoa-
* ty each and electric cranes. The firm manS
factures steel castings of all sizes Including
u good deal of railway work. '"^^'unmg
ceJt'lv iunnert" f^r"""*, ^'"■'"'' Montreal, re-
".eutiy supiied the road department nf th«t
■city with twelve concrete spreaders Thev„?» I-
vlZnJ-'' '•"', Waterloo "llment Ma^Wner"? fe
these" machifes.'-''""'"'-^- """"" "^ ^•'aimed'for
CATA10GBE8.
minutely delt'i-ibed ^nrT in" ""'*'' details, Is
erous excelTent half tones!""'™'"'* ^'"^ °"°>-
ha^Ka%!fSieT';Ji'"4.\1,,Tfo '2" J'^T «'-^-
inch to 3 inches iin.i 1 1. . .'".^ Inches, 14-
dies are close? o?"op™ea hv°a^',°"'',*"- ^^^<^
■nent of a lever m1-,,.o,i *^ a single move-
operator's hand and on .m"h!,"/?H"^ '° "^^
size, the drive is tlmin^^, ;','*"' ^'"^ smallest
box. The cut-off 8li(ie*^.„r^'"i«^^ *P«*'d Sear
«f the head and f, „r • f'^^ed on the back
taking up the wi,/™!"''''* «''*'» a gib for
taehed to'* the ge?r^^ox „?"'•" Pl^'^ '« «'
the levers for obtaining th^""""«^ '"'«' to set
different sizes of n ne^r^^ '"'P''™'^' speed for
"f steel with machfu^ dtt^K"^'^" ^'^''''s are
an oil bath. Each machh.o '•"'''i' ""d run in
a direct connec ed Si nnln'" furnished with
0; the bed slopes toward^'J'hJ""' '^'^ "o""™
the oil to drain into The b«ck" '''''"'• a"»winK
■chips. The Peerless tv^f'"' V^^y ^rom thi
equipped with a SnninS k"' ■ "Machine is
the front end of the Sdi» "''H f"'"'<^'> «u
shaped jaws, it i= m,,"'^''^' ;"'d having V-
•luickly adjusted to su,"t rtil''"' "."'' '="•' ^^
of pipe. ° ^"" different diameters
befng e^ju'^p^fa wi th' p|e?lts';!f, ''« "S'^^ f"-
acting chuck. The latter cfnh!? """ " 1"'ek
a lever while the DiMMnp ^s r "^ "Perated by
■»;hen the machine has ule?, /JJ"?'"*^' «° "^at
size of pipe, it need not vf„ „f' '°I " certain
other Size is to be "hreaLrf'""^'''' "°'" »"-
»pects this type reslmhi»« ,h®''t, ^" '"''er re-
t-ral design. '^esembles the Peerless In gen-
«i^^s'of°"p?;,^^ '??%!.' '■"'""'J^'' '<»■ the larger
capacity ?f 1rom%To ^Tj' "V^^^'^e "^"ving^"
are Provided, one at e?the'r emiAf fi^" <^^'"^''«
to enable large p pes to h» "^ **"= spindle,
gripped for both thre<.n.no, " l'^''^ securely
attlngs. All three types fff 11^ ^'^''^'"^ "P
witTfli^nt^V/i:'" ' " ^'" oT^rt^or'^'^dVvl
and^rsTo'^^fe^a^rfy 'irH^^.^Z'^rl /"^^
prospective purchaser" eim of f„^?'^"""^ """t
exact idea of the <on,tr VcJi^L ""^ '" S«t an
of the various macWnls ''"'^ operation
i'ale%f,TuTrJ,^'"lf'',S''-- fittsburg. Pa.,
of Valves, B'it ines Flnn!^f '^„^'"°1?''d tables
This foldir measures fivf! 1 ^JP"' ^<">d»' etc
than Vi-inch thick vlf ff "^''f^'""^ '« 'ess
amount of informatio/ It ,s n°r "ni^H " '"««'
it^J^ij^WpS^^"™-^"
£M::^fflg:^'^r^a^se
strikes about ;i OOn li^ht ^,, '^ ounces, and
minute cricki ,'0^ h,„ ' , """^'"■"' li'ows per
the sheet SDecfal.?,,=l?''' "''""ut injuring
the edge and the X^ '"''' "^''^' "'"it o5
as 4 cfbicTet'per minure'"™"""" '« ^'^«''
:^:;^pir';;fi£«l^-tr?j^-n^'s
77
P4 TTERNS
Patterns of Every Description
!>aiiafactioa Guaranteed.
ft. POrrs, Toronto
8 S Richmond St. W. Phone = Adel.id. 103
ARMSTRONG BROS.
la Sheppard St,, Toronto
«'" "'SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Parfacted
QEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Ruching and PlestIng JM.chlnery.
STAMPINGS ,S
No matter how hard a stamping problem you
"" "1/° "*• '*'e chances are we can satisfy
you Many people use stampings in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.
The Silent Partner is an intcr-
eslins little macazine. We send
It free-when there's a reason
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.
899 Hamilton Street. Cleveland, 0.
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRING CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
PATTERNS AND MODELS.
TTEP
IN VV<
^ALL KINDS^
Difflculf Core Work a Specially
Hi^h Gnsde • Right Pticts - Prompt Deliveiy
THE HAMILTON PATTERN WORKS
!15a CATMERINt STREET NORTH
HAMILTON ■ QMT
PATTERNS
AND
MODELS
of every description
made of wood or met-
al,and forall purposes.
When your Pattern
Shop is crowded lend
some work here for
well made patterns,
l^ade your way.
SPECIAL «TrfKTiOII GIVH
TO StEAK OOWN JOIS AND
Also •h">/»»«MI»J0l an, kind of macblDoty
whother Mochanlcal ot Electrical
JAIHIES SIBLEY ^=SKr*
Phone Main 5603
FOR
Tall KINDS Of MACHINE^
WORK. MADE IN
WOOD, BRASS ,
WHITE METAL OR IRON
by the very highest class oF
mechanics.
skille
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
ra°":fS""'°''*°^°"^'=°'"P'*''
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN W0RK5
a7 JarvisSt.Toronto.Canada
When writing advertisers kindly men-
tion having seen the advertisement in
'hio paper.
THE DOWNER
PATTERN WORKS
116 Adelaide St. West
TORONTO
All classes of patterns
in wood or metal.
Our work is good, our
prices are right.
HAVE US MAKE YOUR
PATTERNS
J
78
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The Advance Machine Works Co.
i77a Canning St., Montreal, Que.
fitncral Machine Work, Construction and
Rapalrt to Staam Plants. Tanneries,
Pflating. Paint and Wood Worlcing
Plants and Installation.
OXY ACETYLENE WELDING
Jnanmacuirerj
MALLEABLE
* IRON •
CASTINGS
TWO PLANTS ll
.(gft^ 8000 TONS J
Smith's fblls Ontario
f rraosr, PBcsioenr
fioninion BEkfifKiCGiliia
St Catharines Brass Works
Manuf.icturers of
Aluminum, Brass, Bronze ind Coppir Castings
Send us your patterns for trial.
ST. CATHARINES. ONT.
TEL, MAIN 41S8
329 ST. MXa.%
The Foss & Hill Macti'y Go.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Srhumai'her 9s. Boye, Lathes
Tli« G. A. Gray Co Planeri^
The Cint-innutl Lathe ft Tool Co. lA" Lathes
The Mueller Machine Tool Co. Ra<Ual Urlll
Uoefer Machine Tool Co., Drill Presses
The Uueen City Machine Tool Co., Shapitrs
London Concrete Machinery Co.*
Concrete Mixers, MoaldK. Etc.
The J. T. Sioromb Co., . . Micrometers
Wood and Iron Working Machinery.
Pipe Threadini; Machines.
Stone Crushers.
HanKprs, Shafting, Pulleys, Beltlnv.
GftHollne Engines, Hack Saws.
Canadian Hart Corundum Wheels in Stock.
DISTRIBUTING AGENTS FOR
The Dominion Metal Co.*s Babbitt
Estimates ffiven
on application
Castinffs of all
Descriptions
MAASS BROS.
IRVING AVENUE
OTTAWA, ONT.
MACHINE SHOP AND MAN-
UFACTURING MACHINISTS
ShaftinK. Pulleys. HanRers. Emery Whe«l
Stands Curling Stones, Bont Winches. Saw
Arbors. Lath and Bolter Machines. General
Mill Machinery.
Pulp Mill Work a Specialty
Bournet & Blanchard
(opposite the Post Office)
LACHINE - QUEBEC
Machinists and Tool Makers.
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Manufacturers o f Gasoline
Motors.
Write ua for prices.
All weidhts up to ^.ooo lbs.
We make a a^eciaXty of difficult cored work
LET US figure: on your requirements
Galt Foundry Co, Galt.Ont.
C. N. E. POWER EXHIBITS.
The Canadian H. W. Johns-Manville
Co. had a lai^e selection of their num-
erous asbestos products, including pack-
ing, roofing material, furnace cements,
etc.
Laurie & Lamb, Montreal, exhibited a
model of the latest type of refuse de-
structor, made by Heenan & Froude,
Manchester, Eng. This method of dis-
posing of town's refuse is much more
widely used in Europe than it is on this
continent. Laurie & Lamb have install-
ed two sets in Canada, namely, at West-
mount, P.Q., and Vancouver, B.C., and
have orders on hand for similar instal-
lations at Ottawa, Moose Jaw and Cal-
gary. In the Heenan & Froude destruc-
tor the garbage is introduced through a
hopper at the top, from whence it falls
on to a dead plate at the back of the
grate. After remaining there for a few
minutes to partially dry, it is raked for-
ward into the trough-shaped grate and
thoroughly consumed, the heat being
used for raising steam or other pur-
poses. The trough grate has perforated
sides, through which forced draught is
introduced. The hot gases, before reach-
ing the stack, pass through a regenera-
tor, which raises the air for combustion
to a temperature of about 250 degrees
Fahrenheit. The average temperature
in the furnace is 2,000 degrees, and it
is only by maintaining this intense heat
that garbage can be successfully dealt
with. Approximately one-third of the
refuse comes out of the furnace again
in the form of a hard clinker, and free
of all organic matter. It has a definite
commercial value, being largely used in
concrete floors and other purposes. He--
nan & Froude have introduced a simple
mechanical clinker remover, which is
generally used in combination with their
destructors. The model was shown in
an annex to the Public Health Exhibit,
and, we fear, was missed by many visi-
tors who would have been interested
in it.
Jones & Glassco, Montreal, showed
many artistically-arranged examples of
the vvell-kiiown Renohl silent chain, for
which they are sole Canadian agents.
Tliis chain is so well known to power
users as to need no further comment.
Kenyon's patent inter-stranded cotton
•Iriving ropes were also shown, Jones
& Olassco being also sole Canadian
agents for this specialty.
The Ontario Wind Engine & Pump
Co.. Toronto, sl'owt-d a lanje number of
Strickney gasoline engines. One ,of 7
It.r). rested on two rollers of iron pipe
witho\it being bolted down. In .iddi-
tion, it had the covers removed froni
'(•t<i ifiiirnni )'oarin','s- and ran all day
with verv little vil-ration. The gover-
nor can bo adiusted while the engine i.^
running, and has a wide range.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
79
SWIFT MOTOR GAR GO.
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUFACTURERS OF
THE "SWIFT"
MARINE ENGINE
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades'
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting'steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
SimnndsCiiiiada Saw
Co., LimiteH
MONTREAL, QUE
St. John, N.B. Vancouver, B.C.
It the VnittaStulei.Simonds Mte.Co.
DiES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W, H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
You Can Easily See
Your Savin&fs
THE man who owns the
rights of a good ma.
chine tool or other mechani-
cal device need not tie up
his capital in a factory.
Running a small factory is very expensive. It is better policy
to let us manufacture it in our perfectly-equipped shop while the
owner attends to the marketing of his product.
We have many years of experience in the manufacture of
Special Machinery, Tools, Dies, Ji^s, Etc.,
along with the right machinery and the skilled mechanics to turn
out work that is perfect in every detail at very low prices.
Lot U8 estimate on your blue prints.
Holden-Mor^an Company, Limited
50 Pearl Street, Toronto
High Grade Malleable Castings
of all sizes and kinds
Ga/t Malleable Iron Co., Limited - Gait, Ontario
MODERN
Bolt, Nut and Forging Machinery
and National Wire Nail Machines
NATlONALMACHINtRrfb)
T1FFIN.0H10,USA Vj J
BOLT THREADERS, "WEDGE GRIP," BOLT and
RIVET HEADERS, FORG[NG MACHINES, NUT MACHINES
ROLL THREAD MACHINES, Etc., Etc.
Complete Catalogue "E" upon request.
The National Machinery Co., Tiffin, 0., U.S.A.
Canadian Agents: H \V PETRIE. Toronto Ont.
^VILLIAMS & WILSON. Montreal, Que.
80
John Millen & Son. MontreaL had n
large show case display of Coventry
noiseless chain for driving purposes. An-
other prominent feature of their exhibit
■was a group of Cyclone high-speed chain
blocks ranging in capacity from V2 to
40 tons. Hoffman ball bearings, Wright
monkey wrenches and Stover pipe
wrenches were also on view, the two lat-
ter items l>eing very energetically demon-
strated. ■
The Garlock Packing Co. iiad a full
line of tiieir well-known goods on show,
also tulie scrapers, etc. The booth was
in charge of H. <i. Flctciier. manager of
the Toronto branch.
C .\ N A n I .V N .M A C H I N 1: R Y
H. W. Petrie, Ltd., exhibited three
gas engines made by the Keighley Gas
& Oil Engine Co., England. All were
oiH'rating on suction gas, generated in :i
piiiducer by the same tirm. The largesi
engine was of (i5 B.h.p., the others be-
ing .'to B.li.p. and 12 B.h.p., respectively.
.V liigh-class display of machine tools
and accessories added to the further at-
tractiveness of this exhibit.
The Campbell Gas Engine Co., Hali-
fax, England, showed a '26 B.h.p. gas
engine running on suction gas, and a
i:i B.h.p. engine operating on coal oil
with tube ignition. Chambers & Simp-
son, Bay Street, Toronto, are (!"anadian
agents for these engines.
Estate J. K. MacDONALD
GencrtI Machinist and lllaclismilh.
Locksmith, etc.
Contractors' Iron Work, Anlomobile Srpairs,
Chrome Nickel Steel Gears to order.
WRITE
0. i. MacDONUD, 31B Graig W., MONTREAL
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
3 Front 8t. W., Toronto
RAM Q ^"^ SUPPLIES
ri/A I li_0 New and Secood-hind
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc.
Old Material Bought and Sold.
Buy an ALLEN KS^c RIVETER
and be sure of the fastest and
tightest riveting at the lowest cost
SEND for ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
Special riveters designed to meet all requirements
"WHATEVER THE RIVETING, THERE'S AN ALLEN FOR THE JOB."
JOHN F. ALLEN COMPANY
E*t. IS 72
370-372 Gerard Avenue, NEW YORK
AGENTS— Canadian Rand Drill Co.. Toronto. Halifax. Montrral. Licberi and W.U, Codot. " Rivater."
The
Moreau Pulpwood Barker
The cheapest and most economical barking device on the
market to-day.
WASTE : 1 6 to 1 8% according to size of wood.
POWER : 6 to 8 horse-powera
CAPACITY : Up to tKree cords per hour.
We have free demonstration of this barker at Montreal.
Call or write. 485 St. James Street.
Canada Ford Co.
4 /'
The Canada Steel Co. Rail Carbon-Steel Rolling Mill
By J. H. William.*
Being a brief illustrated description of one of the more recent additions to the mariy in-
dustries now located in Hamilton, Out., and Which Has for Its Purpose the Turning to
Further Service in Other Fields of Selected Old Steel Rails.
POR the past fifteen years rail-carbon
■^ steel has been meeting with much
success in the United States, and a
plant for its production has now been
started in Canada. The Canada Steel
Co., Ltd., are located at Hamilton,
Ont., and the output of their mill con-
sists entirely of steel of the above
grade, rolled from selected old steel
rails ha^'ing a carbon content of about
.40.
Such a product has its well defined
uses, and for certain purposes is superi-
or to. ordinary mild steel. Thus, for
agricultural implements, bedstead an-
Ibs. per square inch. Again, the high
elastic limit claimed makes it particu-
larly valuable for reinforcing concrete.
As compared with mild or medium steel
having an elastic limit of from 30,000
to 35,000 pounds, rail-carbon steel will
give greater reinforcing strength, or a
smaller quantity can be used to give an
equivalent result.
Description of Plant.
The plant, situated on about six acres
of land, is served by both the Grand
Trunk and the Toronto, Hamilton and
Buffalo Railways. Old steel rails, pur-
to make a clean break. Tho rail is
turned after every second blow, and
needless to say there is a certain knack
required to break it clean. Men at this
job are on piece work, and make $3 to
$3.50 a day.
The Fnmace.
After being broken, the rails pass to
a continuous heating furnace heated by
Coal and 40 feet long by 12 feet 6 inches
wide. A noticeable feature of the mill
is that no steam whatever is used for
any purpose. The furnace ash pits are
water sealed, and the dropping of the
hot ashes into the water generates suf-
Vv-
_i:^
Fig. 5 — Canada Steel Co. product.
l'"lg- 1 — Canada Steel Co. rail yard acd shops.
gles, telephone line material and other
construction purposes calling for light-
ness combined with stiffness and
strength, rail-carbon steel can be used
with considerable economy. Its elastic
limit is about 50,000 lbs., and its ulti-
mate tense strength about 85,000
•Associate Editor.
chased from roads in Canada and the
States, are received at the west end of
the yard, Fig. 1, and there stored. As
a first step in the process of manufact-
ure of the new products, they are broken
by hand labor only into 7^ and 11 feet
lengths, the flange being nicked with a
a cold set, following which half a
dozen good blows of thte hammer serve
ficient steam vapor to soften the clinker
on the grate bars. Many mills use boil-
er steam for this purpose. Draft is sup-
plied to tihe furnace by a Sfi-inch Shel-
don belt-driven fan operated by motor.
The rail is pushed into the coolest end
of the furnace by an electrically driven
pusher. This is shown in Fig. 2, from
which it will be seen that the rail en-
1 *
I'll ' .
Fig. 2 — Canada Steel Co. rail feeder and furnace.
Fig. 3 — Canada Steel Co., rolls eqalpment.
294
CANADIAN MACHINERY
ters crossways. E^ach advance of the
pusher moves forward all the rails in
the furnace by a distance equal to the
one heat. The head of the rail is rolled in-
to rounds, squares and flats, while the
web and flange are mostly used for
Fig. 6 — Canada Steel Co. product finishing department.
pusher's stroke, and by the time they angles, flats, agricultural shapes, etc.
have reached the other end they are at The company makes a specialty of
the proper heat for rolling.
The Rollins MilL
This consists of six sets of 12 inch
three-high housings, and one set of two-
hig^ housings, making a seven stand
mill, as shown in Fig. 3. The rail is
brought from the furnace by means of a
"telegraph" or traveller. The first pass
through the rolls splits it into three
pieces, head, web and flange— see Pig. 4.
Each part is then picked up, and passed
sleigb shoes, section's of which are
shown in Fig. 5. Rail-carbon steel
forms an ideal material for this pur-
pose and large quantities of these sec-
tions are rolled.
Fnrther Equipment.
The furnace and rolls are located at
the west end of the mill, while at the
east end are located two power shears,
one set of straightening rolls for angles
and flats, and two twistiug machines for
twisting the square bars used for rein-
forcing concrete. Fig. 6 shows this end
of the shop. The production of the mill
varies of course with the demand. As
many as 55 tons of finished bars have
been produced in 11 hours, which must
be considered a very creditable per-
formance when it is remembered that
the mill only began operation on May
1st of this year, and has consequently
hardly yet got into its stride.
The Drive.
A Canadian General Electric Co. A.C.
motor of 500 h.p. drives the rolls by con-
Fl(. 4 — Canada Steel Co., rail stock In pro-
cess of re-manufacture.
back and forth through the various sets
of rolls and made into finished bars at
Fig. 7 — Canada Steel Co. power equipment.
FIG. 8— CANADA STEEL CO. PLANT, HAMILTON, ONT.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
295
tinuous rope drive, as shown in Fig. 7.
The rope is li inch Manilla and takes
28 turns round the pulleys, the latter
being spaced at 30 feet centres. The ten-
sion is taken up in the usual way by a
pulley on a travelling carriage controlled
by cheese weights. The motor runs at
425 r.p.m. and the mill at 180 r.p.m.
Machine Shop.
In the machine shop attached to the
plant, the rolls are turned and general
repairs made to the various machines.
Its equipment consists of one 18 inch
engine lathe, one 18 inch drill press, one
16 inch shaper, one power hacksaw, one
double emery wheel grinder, and one
double-end roll lathe. Fig. 8 shows a
general view of the mill as seen from
the office which is situated on Sherman
Avenue N.
Mr. W. N. Currie, is managing direc-
tor of the company, and Mr. W. W. Leek
is superintendent of the mill.
Some Everyday Uses of the Oxy-Acetylene Blow Pipe
By L. G. Dennison, B.A., B.Sc. *
The 'process of oxy-acetylene welding and cutting altliough largely practised in a variety
of circumstances, which call for ingenuity of application to secure satisfactory results, is
nevertheless not as familiarly known, we believe, as it might be; hence the unfolding of
carefully selected data, secured from a firm, of repute in this business, by the writer, for
the benefit of readers of Canadian Machinery.
I^HE process of oxy-acetylene welding
is extensively adopted for the re-
pair of broken parts, a purpose which
was perhaps largely responsible for the
original invention. Its scope is, how-
ever, not limited to this feature, as evi-
denced by the fact that most industrial
plants engaged in the manufacture of
machinery have found an oxy-acetylene
installation indispensable as a unit in
their general equipment..
Here, it may be pointed out, that our
two principal railroads, the C.P.R. and
the G.T.R., are among those who find
such an apparatus of the greatest pos-
sible service and value.
The Oxy-acetylene Flame.
The oxy-acetylene flame has a tempera-
ture of 6,300 degrees Fah., the highest
attainable by combustion. This high
temperature is easily explained since
acetylene is endothermic, — absorbing heat
when being formed. When it burns with
oxygen, the heat developed by the de-
composition of acetylene into carbon
and hydrogen, is added to the heat of
combustion of these elements; besides,
the concentration of carbon in acetylene
is greater than in any other gas, — an in-
creased quantity being as a matter of
fact impossible.
Ease of regulation is another feature
of the oxy-acetylene flame. Further it
gives, by nature, a reducing atmosphere,
which prevents the metal from oxydiz-
ing. This latter undesirable action
takes place in the use of other gases,
especially when welding steel.
Oxy-acetylene Cutting.
The blow pipe is a most effective ap-
paratus and finds useful and effective ap-
plication in cutting risers from steel
castings, cutting dies, cutting-out shaft
ing from heavy ingots instead of forging,
and cutting beams and ironwork in
wrecked or burned structures. It is al.so
used to advantage in cutting manholes
in boiler shells as well as for boiler
work generally.
The blowpipe is seen in the welder's
hand in Fig. 1. As adapted for cutting,
it has four holes in the nozzle, one cen
trally located and three placed concent-
rically at a radius of about f of an inch.
Oxygen issues from the central orifice
and a mixture of oxygen with gasolene
or acetylene gas from the others. The
oxy.-acetylene flame renders the metal
red hot, while the oxygen, whose pres-
sure can be regulated, burns the iron to
iron oxide. This latter flows away,
leaving a clean cut. The flame is
moved slowly along the line to be
cut, while the torch can be put in a
special machine which will move it in
any path and keep it perfectly steady.
This latter is used particularly for cut-
ting-out circular discs. Some idea of
the speed of the work will be gathered
from the fact that an armor plate 12
inches thick and one foot long can be
cut through in six minutes. Work on
armor plates for warships which used to
take thirty days can, by the cutting
process, be completed in one day. Fig.
3 shows sample plates cut by this
method.
The total cost of cutting Is from
about i to 1 cent per square inch of
section cut, and the usual rates of cut-
ting will be gathered from the first table
on the following page.
In Fig. 3 there is shown a picture of
the wreckage of the steel beams in St.
Jean Baptiste church, Montreal, recent-
ly destroyed by fire. The firm of R. J.
Levy have taken the contract to cut
down this tangled mass of steel
R.J.LEVY
OXYGEN
WELDING '
CUTTING METALS
♦Associate Editor, Montreal.
i'ig. 1.— Welder at Work.
296
CANADIAN MACHINE KY
within a month by means of the oxy-
gasoline blowpipe. It is estimated that
tbe work would take six months with-
M
c
Cu
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ii
n
V. 0
1
I-
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out the blowpipe. All the large beams
cut-up into several pieces bring a better
price as scrap.
Oxy-acctylene Welding.
For welding the blow-pipe has two
apparatus, by welding together sheets,
profile irons, bars, tubing, etc.
Figs. 4 and iA, "before and after
welding," will give an idea how a cost-
ly broken casting can be mended for a
few dollars, with resultant strength
from 85 per cent, to 90 per cent, of the
original. Welding is also used to re-
pair broken crank-shafts and pulley
spokes, to fill cracks in engine cylinders,
to build up rivets and corrosion pittings
in boilers, to renew gear teeth by add-
ing metal, and to make good the defici-
encies due to blow holes.
In the manufacture of new composite
pieces, its uses are unlimited. Fig. 5
shows how profile irons are welded to-
gether for work bench and stand pur-
poses. Fig. 6 shows a high pressure
steam collector welded from I beams.
Fig. 7 shows a cooler with pipes and
causes a low labor charge. The cost of
the gases is also comparatively low, all
of which, together with a moderate
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•Taking oxygen at 2V2C per cu. ft., acetylene
at Ic per cu. ft. and labor 30c per hour.
equipment cost, goes to show that the
installation of welding equipment will
Tl
Fig. 2. — Steel plates cut by the Oxy-aceyline Blowpipe.
Fig. 3. — WrcikiiKO of Steel- VVorli, St. Jeau
Baptiste Church, Montreal.
uses, — first
and second,
the
the
repair of broken parts,
manufacture of various
ii- JM
flanges joined by welding. Fig. 8
shows a seat and desk welded from
sheet steel and tubing.
Besides these, ladders, drums, jackets
and tanks are each and all possible of
construction by welding.
It ■ is apparent that in addition to
mechanical and speed considerations,
welding has a great advantage in the
matter of cost. The speed of the work
be a' machine
future.
shop habit in the near
rig. 4.— Broken r.-istlng. tiefore Weldlnp Fig. 6. — Welded Steam Collector.
Fig. 4A.— Broken Casting, after Welding.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
297
The writer is indebted to R. J. Levy,
Montreal manufacturer of oxygen, and
Canadian agent for tlie "Societe L'Air
Fi^. 5. — Profile Irons Welded.
Liquide" Paris, for the cuts and data
which supplement this article.
TRADES AND LABOR COUNCIL.
'TTWO important subjects occupied the
attention of the Trades and Labor
Council, Fort William, at its last regu-
lar session, these being the establish-
ment of a labor bureau, and the start-
ing of evening classes.
E. E. Wood, supervising principal of
public schools, attended, and spoke on
the matter of the establishment of
classes in the evening for the workers
of the city. He said his first idea had
been to get a nucleus, say fifteen, of
men who were taking a course in cor-
respondence schools, and help them out
with the tasks, for a man made far
greater progress when little matters of
which he had not had a good concep-
tion were promptly explained to him.
The chairman, W. McNicol, said that
he had canvassed one shop in the city
to see who would become interested in
technical studies, and did not find any-
one taking a correspondence course,
but eight men signified their willing-
ness to join a class.
. Mr. Wood said, that the subject came
to his mind of the number of young
men in the mechanical trades of the
city who were endeavoring to improve
themselves through correspondence
schools, and not having the time to
deal with them privately, it had struck
him that he might be able to form
a class and help those students
through their courses. He honored the
man who was trying to better his
position in the world, and he thought
it was an admirable work for the
Board of Education to take up, and
make profitable to the working citizens.
He had learned that there were some
hundreds of young men in these cities
who were taking such a course, and, as
the speaker had taught most of the
subjects connected with the mechanical
trades, he thought he might be able to
assist them, for he found that those
who took the private lessons and had
everything explained to them made won-
derful progress.
With regard to forming classes of
men who were not taking the course, he
Fig. 7.— Welded Cooler.
had not contemplated that, though he
did not wish to debar anyone from the
benefit. It had been his intention to
follow the text books of the schools,
going through geometry, trigonometry,
and allied subjects, giving the men a
theoretical understanding of their work,
they gaining the practical side at their
daily avocation. He was convinced that
thousands of dollars were sent away
by young men here, who wanted a little
assistance.
Secretary Stephens said, that the
Trades and Labor Congress had set its
face against the trade schools, but Mr.
Wood pointed out that there was no
mechanical department in connection
with these classes, the only idea being
to assist the worker through theoreti-
cal training and make him a more effi-
cient and capable tradesman.
It was agreed that a committee meet
the management committee of the Board
of Education to discuss the best method
to attain the results aimed at, and the
question was adjourned.
INQUIRY— SAFE DIAMETER OF
EMERY WHEELS.
I would deem it a favor if you would
let me know whether the manufacturers
of emery wheels have any data at their
disposal which would show the safe
diameter for their wheels to wear to.
By this I mean,— is there any set rule
that governs the factor of safety in an
emery wheel as it decreases in diameter
from usage? It has occurred to me, in
reading lately of several deaths, result-
ing from exploded emery wheels, that,
there may be a known diameter for dif-
ferent wheels, below which it is not safe
to operate them. Any information
along these lines will be greatly appre-
ciated.—G. Vandervoort.
Fig. 8.— Welded Seat and Desk.
NEW TYPE OF LOCOMOTIVE.
The London & Northwestern Railway
in conjunction with the Great Central
Railway, is experimenting with electric
locomotives generating their own power.
Designs for three of these engines are
being prepared. Electricity will be gen-
erated by a dynamo driven by a petrol
engine. Experiments have previously
been made with an electric locomotive in
which the dynamo was driven by a
steam turbine, but the type proved un-
satisfactory in the matter of economy
of working. By replacing the turbine
with a petrol engine, a great deal of
weight and space will be saved. If the
new type of locomotive is successful,
railway electrification will, it is believ-
ed, become a simiple matter.
Recent Developments in Tools and Dies for Drop-Forging
by Calliope
Drop-Forging Occupies a Large Place in th€ Constructional Detail of Many Machines and
Appliances Which Form the Product More or Less of Almost Every Mechanical Manu-
facturing Concern. The Following Particulars of the Developments in Tools and Dies
Should, Therefore, Appeal to a Wide Circle of Readers.
A NUMBER ol radical changes have
been made in the design of the
new drop-forge press brought out by
the E. W. Bliss Co., Brooklyn, N.Y.,
based on the experience gained in their
own drop-forge shop. The new features
relate to the reduction of wear and
breakage. Operating a shop of consider-
able size and style, size and shape of
drop-forgings being numerous and varied,
of drop-forged steel, great strenbth be-
ing required to push the torpedoes
through the water at the rate of 23
knots per hour. In making these, round
blocks of steel are cut up as shown at
A in the upper left-hand corner. Each
block is drawn out by the man on the
steam hammer, to the shape shown at
B. On one of the blades, as at C, an
end is drawn out, to serve as a handle
Odd Shaped and Large Forging.
In the right-hand half of the cut is
shown an odd-shaped piece, requiring an
irregular parting line on the forging
dies. At F is shown the lower die used
in forging this piece, and at Gr the upper
half, which is fastened in the hammer of
the drop. This piece is forged from a
plain bar, and is first broken down be-
KX'nv
w^-
illt
rig. 1 — Drop-forglngs and dies for propeller wheel and turbine nozzle.
it follows that the hammers receive a
severe test on a wide range of work.
Some of these tests, a few samples of
the forgings produced by them, and a
description of the dies in which they are
formed, will be here discussed.
Propeller Wheels.
On the left of Fig. 1, are shown two
halves of the die that forges the propell-
er wheel, used for the submarine tor-
pedoes made by the E. W. Bliss Com-
pany. These propeller wheels are made
during the drop-forging process. After
this operation, the piece is taken to
the drop-forge press, and hammered into
the two half dies shown below. It then
assumes the shape shown at D.
Owing to the difficulty of making trim-
ming dies, and the number of propeller
wheels wanted, not warranting the ex-
pense, the flash is trimmed off by hand,
leaving it as shown at E. In the mach-
ine shop, it is made absolutely snaooth
and true to size, by machining with
profile cutters.
tween H and I of the two halves of the
die. After this it is hammered into
shape, and leaves the die as shown at
J. It is next taken to the trimming
die, the lower half of which is shown
at K, and the upper part at L. After
going through this, the piece is ready
for the machine shop, and in the shape
shown at M.
One of the largest pieces drop-forged,
is shown in Pig. 2. This is made in
several sizes, the largest of which is
about 24 inches long. The bar is first
Fig. 2 — Forging* and dies for a good-ilze piece.
Fig. 8 — Dies for drop-torglng the piece shown.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
299
broken down between N and 0 of the
forging dies, and changed into the
shape shown at P. After this it is
drop-forged in the dies shown, and
leaves them in the condition seen at Q.
The final operation is to trim it in the
dies shown at R and S, and these leave
it in the shape seen at T, ready for; the
machine shop.
Bronze Forging.
That bronze can be drop-forged as
easily as steel is shown by the piece in
Fig. 3, also the dies that are used. This
side frame has been altered in shape; a
new mechanism has been devised for ad-
justing it to position at the bottom; the
method of fastening the drop to the
board has been changed, and the parts
used for taking up wear have also been
altered. The operating device is shown
in Fig. G, and the wear on the front
roll which in combination with the back
is taken up by adjusting screws. The
roll grips- the board to lift the hammer,
method of fastening the board in the
drop has been changed so that it is no
Strength of Side Frames.
In Fig. 7 is shown the alteration in
the sectional design of the side frame,
and the greater strength that has been
obtained thereby. The strains that are
set up in these side frames by the drop-
ping of the hammer, as well as the
method of computing their strength, are
also shown. When the drop falls in an
absolutely perpendicular line, and strikes
exactly central, no strains arc trans-
mitted to the side frames or uprights
of the press.. This, however, seldom 00-
m
Bliss New Sectton.
Fig. 7 — Types of side 'frames and tbeir rela-
tive strength.
Fig. 8 — Old and new style of trimming press
frames.
piece, like the steel forgings, is broken
down from the solid bar between U and
V of the forging dies, and afterwards
formed into shape between them, and
leaves in the shape shown at W. After
this, the flash is trimmed off with the
dies X and Y, leaving the forging in
the shape seen at Z, ready for machin-
ing.
New Drop. Forging Hammer.
The new press made for use on this
class of work is shown in Fig. 4. The
longer necessary to take a 2 J inch
plank and plane the greater part of its
length down to \\ inches in order to
Fig.
-JletUuil of adjusting side frame.
Fig. 4 — New drop-torglng bammer.
get a bevel on one end, only 2 inches
long. With the new scheme, a straight
plank is used and a 'tempered steel piece
with saw teeth on one side is slipped
into the dovetail at the back of the
hammer head, along with the lifting
board. On the opposite side of the
board, a wedge is dropped into place,
after which the holding wedge is driven
in tight. This causes the saw teeth of
the steel wedge in back to grip the
board and hold the hammer head.
In Fig. 5 is shown the method of ad-
justing the side frame. By backing out
the set screw and removing two bolts,
the entire adjusting apparatus can be re-
moved for replacement or repair. Its
method of moving the side frame for-
ward and back can be plainly seen from
the illustration.
curs in actual working conditions, and
therefore it is necessary to have side
frames of considerable strength. If a
1000-pound hammer, such as shown,
drops 30 inches and strikes 4i inches
away from the centre, and is brought to
rest by performing work through a dis-
tance of 1-32 of an inch, then a mean
force of 158,000 pounds is exerted
against the side frame at B, during the
time in which the hammer is being
brought to rest.
Fig.
-Tne new trimming press.
300
CANADIAN MACHINERY
The method of computing the mean
force exerted against the side frame is
as follows:
Mean force exerted on work in dies
1000 lb.X30 in.
= ■ — =960.000 pounds.
1-32 in.
Mean force sustained by side frame:
960,000 lb.X4y4 in.
= =158,000 pounds.
2534 in.
rigidity the old section is also exceeded
by the later or ordinary section E. With
regard to the value of rigidity, it is
worth mentioning that a hammer frame
absorbs energy when under side pressure,
equal to the pressure tin»3s the distance
deflected, and that the energy so absorb-
ed, is an appreciable loss. The most
rigid frame is, therefore, the most effi-
cient tor avoiding this kind of loss and
for obtaining the maximum of useful
work from the hammer blows.
Trimming Press.
The new trimming press is shown in
Fig. 9. This has been altered in numer-
ous places, where better design would
give better results. The most notable
change is in the form of the guides, and
the method of connecting the slide to the
crank shaft. The old and new
styles of guides are shown in Fig.
8. The V-shaped blocks, as shown
at L, used in the old style of
press, with their clamping and adjusting
screws, are shown in the upper view.
The style adopted for the new style is
shown in the lower view at M. This
consists of a right-angle bearing on one
side of the slide, and a bevel bearing on
the other, to hold the slide in place and
take up the wear. This bevel bearing
is held in place by clamping and set
screws as shown.
This design gives nearly double the
wearing surface of the V-blocks, and is
easy to machine. The line cut plainly
shows the way the holding piece is put
in.
Flf. «t— Mechanism for lifting the hammer.
In the old style of drop-forge hammer
built by the Bliss Co., the side frame
was given a sectional shape like that
shown at C in Fig. 7. In this type, the
virtual stress area to resist pressure de-
livered at B. is shown by the sectional
lines in D. Its ultimate B.M.R.=18.34
X18.000X10V4=3,380,000. And in it Z
=18.34X101/4 = 188, and 1=188X71/4
=1362.
An ordinary section for drop-forge
hammers is shown by E. The section
of this, to resist the impact, is shown at
F. In it Z=27.52X10%=236, and 1=
286X"%=2110. The ultimate B.M.R.=
27.52X18,0OOX10%='J,130,000. A sec-
tional view of the side frame used in
the new drop hammer is shown at G.
The stress area to resist the impact of
the hammer blow is shown by H. For
this frame Z=43.07X12V4=528, and 1
=528X613-16=3595. The ultimate B.
M.R=43.07X18,000X 1 2i/i=fl .500,000.
Comparisons of Strength.
In comparing these, it will be seen
that the old style is exceeded in trans-
verse resistance by the later type. In
rope, and was desired [or 1,000 h.p. at
187 revolutions per minute.
In order to carry the weight, a hollow
shaft was designed with 20 in. bearings,
bossed to 21 in. at the sheave hub, and
having a 14 in. hole through its entire
length of 28 ft. 6 in. That the weight
of the coupling might be reduced,
flanges were forged at each end of the
shaft 30 in. diameter by 2i in. thick to
correspond with the flange couplings of
the driven shaft at each end. The fin-
ished .shaft weighed 24,375 lbs. To
carry this enormous weight at the op-
erating speed, a new design of bearing
was used. Each mammoth bearing, Fig.
2, weighing complete with the base
plate 10,600 lbs., is lined with babbit
metal, and has a ijearing surface of 20
inches diameter by 56 inches long.
They are self-oiling, using two brass
rings 1^ in. by f in. to insure perfect
lubrication.
The whole outfit, now in operation.
LABOE HOPE SHEAVE AND SHAFT
BEARING.
INHERE is illustrated in Fig. 1 a
■■• rope sheave 8 ft. diameter by 16
ft. 10 in. width of face, 14 m hoie,
and weighing 66,750 lbs. It was made
in four sections with heavy return
flanges, and when erected these were
bolted together, making a solid, sub-
stantial job. It carries 72 wraps o!
Fig. 2.— Mammoth Bearing made by The
Dodge Mfg. Co., Mlshawaka.
was furnished to the Pittsburg Plate
Glass Co., Ford City, Penn., by tie
Dodge Mfg. Co., Mishawaka, Ind.
TUNGSTEN DEVELOPMENTS.
A discovery which, it is said, may
revolutionize electric lighting was made
public recently. It was announced by
H. R. Spoorberg, of the British Thom-
son-Houston Co., that after throe years'
research work, the company had suc-
seeded in producing tungsten in such a
form that it could be drawn into a con-
tinuous wire one-thousandth of an inch
in thickness, and used in any length or
bent to any shape. At the same time
its tensile strength had been increased.
Hitherto, tungsten has been producible
only in Sihort lengths. The new discov-
ery makes it possible to use a continu-
ous wire in a lamp, so that the risk of
breakage is reduced to a m'^nimum, and
the life of the lamp is considerably ex-
tended.
riK.
l.-Liirtce Hope I'lillcy uiiule by
Dodge .Mfg. Co., .MIsUuwaka.
The
Gas-engine lubrication by "splash"
from the crank ease is in the same class
with hot tube ignition, the old tallow cup
on steam engines and the high-wheel
bicycle.
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing Things in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Contributions paid for.
THE POWER HACKSAW.
By Donald A. Hanipson, Middletown,
N.Y.
'Ip HOUGH generally regarded as an ad-
junct, the power hacksaw is or
can be made of vital importance in ma-
chine shop work. Much of the indiffer-
ence show can be traced to the lack of a
little study or to the idea that the
hfack-saw is semi-automatic, — regulating
itself without attention— to all kinds of
woric. Fancy such a conception of the
lathe or grinder !
The Power Hack Saw.
For sawing brass and the softer met-
als, a much taster feed should be used
than for iron or steel ; the same ap-
plies to pipe and tubing cut in the ma-
chine. It is the part of economy,
also, to provide blades with finer teeth
(not less than 24 to the inch) so that
in passing across the thin sections of
metal the teeth will not be stripped. In
sawing rough castings it is often ad-
visable to mark the cut on the upper
side with the edge of a file, thus not
only saving the saw the task of scrap-
ing off the Sand and scale, but forming
a definite line for it to start upon. This
will go a long ways towards preventing
crooked cuts.
Steel and wrought iron give were
trouble than other metals, largely in the
matter of broken blades, stuck blades,
and crooked cuts. Oil is the great
panacea for these troubles ; not a -flood,
but a drop or two at the start with re-
petition it the section is wide or deep,
In one case, three or more new bladfes
were put in during every day of steady
dry sawing, and when oil was adopted
as a lubricant one blade lasted all day
and was in good shape at night, with a
nice pile of clean straight cuts to its
credit. Too often Ijhe mistake is made
of forcing a cut too much on a bar of
steel. In the long run, a moderate feed
will sever more pieces from a bar, will
require less attention and use fewer
blades than will fast feed. The light
feed is particularly to be desired at
starting.
The Economical Use of Blades.
Have a spacing block for use in the
vise of the machine. In cutting narrow
pieces the "position" of the stroke is
seldom such that the front halt of the
saw receives the wear, and as ^^ great
deal of the work comes in this class, a
considerable number of "wornout"
blades still boast a half set of fill
teeth. With a spacing block laid in the
back of the vise, the work is thrown to
the front when the full length of the
blade can be utilized.
It is not the intention of the writer
to speak of the loss in efficiency due to
run-down physical condition, yet most
power saws are given to a defect, after
long usage, that is easily remedied
and might indeed be applied to new ma-
chines with good effect. When the teeth
of the ratchet wheel become rounded
h-2
-cvT-orrm-
Mi---) '^ HmoeotHO
-r —
it
and the split nut wears or the pawl
spring loses its "life," the feed is apt to
become spasmodic, and at each stroke
the pawl carries the wheel backwards a
tooth or two. Often this occurs ^it but
one point in the screw's revolution, the
saw running several minutes without
feeding. In the drawing F is the saw
frame, R the ratchet wheel, N the
handles of the nut, and_ D the pawl. L
is a latch screwed to the frame — its end,
light and spring tempered, lightly en-
gages the teeth and prevents back mo-
tion without excessive wear. With the
pawl spring stiffened, the full feed is re-
alized.
HAND WIRE CUTTER.
By J. E. Oooley, Hartford, Conn.
A simple and inexpensive hand wire-
cutter which can be made from materi-
als already in the shop is shown in the
enclosed sketch. The only adjustment
required in its use is the stop for cut-
ting different lengths of wire. It will
cut any size of wire from No. 0 lo i
inch diameter, and in lengths from il up
to 2J inches, at the rate of 150 a min-
ute. The end of the die-cutter is milled
1 inch square, so that it can be gripped
in a vise when in use. The wire is hand
fed to the stop, through any of the
holes in the die-cutter, and is cut off by
pulling the ihandle down. The handle is
hardened for about 2 inches on the cut-
ting end, so that the edge will not wear.
The drawing shown here is so plain that
no further explanation is necessary.
■CuTOffH/mi —
Hand Wire Cutter.
CONICAL TURNING ON THE DRILL
PRESS.
From La Machine Moderne.
"LTAVING to machine some automo-
bile wheel seats as shown at C,
and the turning of the conical part be-
ing impossible except on a large gap
lathe, I had' to do the job on a
drill press. My first idea was to mill
it, but the size of the work would not
allow of a complete revolution of the
table, and by milling part of it at one
time and then re-setting the work, much
delay would have been occasioned and a
poor finish obtained.
I made up the tool-holder, A, with a
taper shank to fit the drill press, and
carrying on the arms two cutters, L, of
high-speed steel. The cutters arc held
in their correct position transversely by
the check seen at N. The thrust collar,
E, allows of their vertical adjustment
302
CANADIAN MACHINERY
and at the same time prevents them
Irom rising. The cutters are further
secured by the screws V.V. The pilot
O is hardened and ground, and held in
place by a pin in case it should have
any tendency to stick. The notches in
the two cutters are not opposite each
Conlral tornlnr on a drill press.
ottier ; their purpose, of course, being
to break up the chips.
This tool turns out the work perfect-
ly true and with a finish equal to that
obtained on a lathe.
MAKING GAS ENGINE VALVES.
By L. C. D., Montreal.
/^AS engine valves are often wanted
with cast iron seat and mild steel
st^n, in which case a casting is made
for the seat as shown. The stem, a
mild steel bar of required size, is taken
and welded to the seat as follows.
The seat, with the large end of the
conical hole upwards, is placed on an
iron plate having a hole in it, through
which the stem is put and adjustedi by
hand until the upper end is about i of
^
i^CLCAK«.Nce
MiLO Steci.
"T" —
I*-Ca»t Iwom
MaklDK gas eosloe valves.
an inch above the seat surface. Appli-
cation of the blow pipe fuses the end of
the stem which flows down and fills the
conical hole, giving a strong weld cap-
able of withstanding considerable shock.
A DRILLING JIG.
By A. P.
HAVING a mimber of small engine
connecting rods to make, whose
cylinder piston clearance was not to ex-
ceed 1-32 inch, it became necessary to
have them conform exactly to the draw-
ing centre, and at the same time be in-
terchangeable.
To obtain this, I arranged for the
drilling and reaming of the gudgeon
pin hole to be the last process, then,
having the crank pin end finished, and
the piston end machined to width, I
made the jig as here described, taking
advantage at the same time of the cen-
tres put in for turning the crank pin
end.
The jig consists of a flat wrought
iron base plate A, at the right hand
ena of which a rectangular groove is cut
across to locate a cast iron bracket B,
by means of a strip machined to fit,
and held in position by two set screws.
This bracket is fitted with an adjustable
screw, whose case-hardened conical end
engages the centre in the rod. The face
C is slotted or milled to the correct
height from the centre of this screw,
being equal to half the thickness of the
rod. On the top of the bracket, a hole
is bored concentric with the rib on the
under side to receive a hardened tool
steel button, which acts as a pilot for
the drill, etc. At the left hand of base
plate is a turned peg, held in place by
set screw D, and located by the spigot
on the under side, which fits a recess
bored in the plate. The peg is turned
to fit the large end of the rod, and has
a shoulder E formed upon it to keep the
centre line of the rod parallel, and,
therefore, square to the drill and ream-
er.
The jig is now clamped down on the
drill press table, and when the rods
come to be drilled, the large end is
slipped over the peg, then swung round
into position and held there by the
square ended adjustable screw, all ready
for the usual process of drilling and
reaming.
BORING BAB FOR MILLING
MACHINE.
By H. B. Fozard, Ottawa.
THE accompanying illustration shows
a simple, inexpensive and useful
boring bar for the milling machine. In
the small machine shop handling gen-
eral work with a limited plant, it is of
exceptional service on jobs too large to
■Swing in the lathe, or for those of ir-
regular shape. I have used it with
©
I
>«
IT
][
Boring bar for milliDg macbine.
much success in boring gasoline engine
cylinders.
A, the shank to fit milling machine
spindle, has a slotted end. Pin C is a
tight fit, and upon it the tool bar B
swings. Deptii of cuts taken are regu-
lated by set screws ; thus, by slacken-
ing D and tightening Di, the radial
course taken by the cutting tool is en-
larged.
a
-v — v^
1 1 II
J
rU-A^
: ;
i , 1 1
1 '
1 1 s
h
rWT"
1
4Tti
i
1 \
/f.
tr
A drilling jig.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
303
PREVENTING OF TAPS FROM
BREAKING.
'pHE sketch, reproduced herewith,
shows a handy kink to prevent
taps from breaking. It is discouraging
when tapping out a small hole in a
piece of work to have the tap break off
in the hole. In most cases, this means
annealing the broken part before it can
be drilled out. To avoid this difficulty,
cut a*line parallel with the shank of
the tap, as shown in the drawing, and
heat it half way between the threads
and shank end, to a light blue color.
A tap which gives warning of undue strain.
This will obviate the breaking of the
tap, as the shank will twist before it
will break, and the line will show that
it is twisting, thus giving the user
warning. Needless to say, this has
proved to be a very valuable little kink
on small taps. — Scientific American.
INSERTED BLADE TOOLS.
By Chas. Hattenberger, Buffalo.
/^WING to its Cost, not a lew manu-
^'^ facturers hesitate to use high speed
steel on some of their tools, such
as reamers, taps, counterbores, etc. One
suggested solution to their problem is
the use of tools with inserted blades
held in a suitable holder.
Fig. 1 shows a taper reamer with
blades held by means of wedges. A is
the body which has slots milled in it for
the blades C ; an equal number of slots
are also milled to accommodate the
wedge D, the taper of which is i in. in
12 inches. B is a case-hardened thrust
collar with holes drilled for spanner
wrench. To assemble this tool, screw
thrust collar down firmly against shoul-
der and insert blades against the collar.
The wedges are then driven tight by
means of the drift shown. This tool, if
properly made, will stand a tremendous
amount of hard usage, and after being
dulled, can easily be reground to the
[m B
Drift
Fig. 2 — Inserted Blade Tools.
Fig. 1— Inserted Blade Tools.
correct size by placing shims made of
tin or brass under the blades. If the
ends of the blades are sharpened, it may
be used on cored holes, cutting a very
smooth hole.
Fig. 2 is a facing tool which consists
of body A, having a hole drilled in its
centre for pilot D, and four slots for
cutters C. These slots are cut in the
shaper. The cutters have one side in-
clined at an angle of 12 degrees and
should fit snugly into the slots. They
are held firm by caulking at point E. A
set screw for holding the pilot is shown
at B. A drill may be substituted for
the pilot. If used with ordinary care,
it should last a long time ; it is, how-
ever, not adapted for heavy cuts. In
sharpening take out the pilot.
A straight reamer having long blades
is shown in Fig. 3. The body A is
shown with five slots milled in it for
the blades; it is also threaded to re-
ceive the thrust nut B and collar C,
which serve to jam the blades down up-
on the thrust cap D. Five .slots are
milled in the face of D at an angle of
60 degrees. E is a countersunk head
screw with a square milled for a wrench.
It also has a countersunk bole on top to
be used as a centre in grinding. Alter
the blades become worn it is only neces-
sary to place shims under them and
grind back to size. F shows one of the
blades.
Fig. 4 shows a two-lipped tool which
was used to rough out a drilled hole
prior to finishing with a hand reamer.
A is the body which has a slot through
its centre to receive the cutter B. The
slot was formed by drilling a scries of
holes, chipping out the core and filing.
The cutter has a slot through its cen-
tre and has a taper hole to admit the
adjusting screw C. A taper pin D holds
the cutter in place. The portion E may
be left on, if so desired, to act as a
pilot.
A tap with inserted blades is shown
in figure 5. Four slots are milled in the
body A, to receive the cutters B. The
cutters are held by means of two point-
ed setscrews, D. The screw points en-
gage the countersunk holes in the
blade at a point a little above and! a
little to the left of the centre, as shown
at E. When tightening the screws, the
blade is forced against the botljom ol
the slot and also against the thrust col-
lar C. Care must be observed so as to
mill the slots radially. F is a recess
1-16 inch larger than the size screw
used. Thrust collar C, as well as the
setscrews, must be case-hardened.
A combination drill, countersink and
recessing tool is shown in Fig. 6. This
tool was used in the centering machine
to countersink and recess the ends of
5^>-~
Fig. 3 — Inserted Blade Tools.
304
CANADIAN MACHINERY
shafts as shown at A. It consists ot
the body B with a slot milled in it for
tlie bUde C, and threaded about half
way down, for the split collar D which
takes the thrust, the blade being
secured by the split collar E. The rest
of the sketch explains itself.
Fiz- <— iDBerted Blade Tools.
At Fi^. 7 is shown a reamer used for
holes of large diameter. The body A is
acts as a thrust collar. The blade C is
first turned complete in the lathe, then
slots are milled for the cutters B, which
are held in place by fillister head ma-
chine screws. The body containing the
blades is again put in the lathe and
turned off to within .010 inches of the
required size. After this operation the
angular flutes C are milled and then
using another angular cutter, the flutes
D are milled. Care must be taken to
mill tl*e cutting: faces radially. The
blades are next taken out and hardened,
after which they arc again inserted in
the holder and ground to the correct
size.
SPACING CIRCLES.
By H. E. Fozard, Ottawa.
TN the course of my experience in the
•* machinist business, I have found very
tew workmen capable of setting their
dividers for spacing circles, without
READER, WHAT DO YOU
KNOW?
Among readers of Canadian
Machinery there is a clearly de-
fined sincerity of desire to know
how each overcomes the daily
tasks of the machine, pattern and
blacksmith shops, the foundry
and boiler shops. It is believed
that your methods and devices,
while good, may be improved, and
thereby made more valuable if
you publish them, so that other
brains may work on them. We
will provide the setting and pay
you for the material. When your
fellow tradesman puts the super-
structure on your foundation, we
pay him and pass the "kink" on
to you, free. Get into the game.
having to try round the circle several
times, and thereby wasting valuable
time. The following formula is an ac-
curate and simple method, which will
enable the machinist to set his dividers
correctly first time. Sine of
Sine of
360 degs.
X
Fie. S— Innerted Blade Tools.
number of spaces X 2
inc-hes diameter of circle to be spaced.
Foi example, a circle 10 inches in diam-
eter to be equally spaced for 9 holes.
360 degs.
Sine =Sine 20 degs.
9X2
By looking up a table of trigonom-
etrical ratios to be found in almost all
raacliinists' books, we find Sine 20 degs.
r^..3}2, which, multiplied by the num-
ber of inches diameter of circle, name-
ly 10 inches, gives 3.42 inches as the
ilimension to which to set the dividers.
VANADIUM STEEL CASTINGS.
Steel castings contairiing vanadium
should never be used without annealing.
In the unannealed state they are more
brittle than plain carbon-steel castings.
In annealing vanadium steel eastings, it
A J
I..
Fig. 6— Inserted Blnde Tools.
should be observed that a somewhat
higher temperature is required than is
used when annealing ordinary steel cast-
ings. A temperature of at least 1,500
degrees F. is necessary, and it is prefer-
able that a temperature of 1,560 degrees
F. be used. Rolling mill pinions made
from vanadium steel castings have prov-
ed to have from two to three times the
life of carbon-steel pinions and from one
and a half to two and a half times the
life of nickel-steel pinions.
,'"
Vlg. 7 — Inserted Blade Tools.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
PAPER FILE HANDLE.
1^ HE cut shows the indestructible
paper file handle placed on the
market by Schuchardt & Schutte, Coris-
tine Building, Montreal. Its features
are that it does not split, wears well,
and being per'ectly smooth, ensures
against sore hands or splinters.
SEARCHLIGHT UNIVERSAL LAMP
BRACKET.
'pHE question of good light, in the
machine shop, draughting room,
and in fact every department of the fac-
tory, is one which is receiving an in-
creasingly prominent degree of atten-
tion, and everything tending towards
that attainment which brings more
comfort to the operator, lessens the
danger of accident, ensures higher qual-
ity and greater output is more or less
educative, valuable and welcome.
The "Searchlight Universal Lamp
Bracket." which we. illustrate, is de-
signed and manufactured by the Mc-
Fig.
-Searchlight Universal lamp bracket-
lathe attachment.
Crosky Reamer Co., Meadville, Pa.,
with a view to satisfying the foregoing
conditions.
Pigs. 1 and 2 show the apparatus with
style A bracket attached to a wall and
to a table respectively. Other applica-
tions with style B, C and D brackets
are specially adapted for floor, bench,
ceiling, drafting, lathe and desk attacli-
ment. The searchlight combines such
features as being absolutely universal,
instantly manipulated, easily installed,
adaptable to all places and conditions,
insulated, rigid, neatly finished, light
and compact.
The universal joint consists oif friction
discs so arranged as to give both hori-
zontal and vertical movements.
Between each pair of discs is a fric-
tion washer, and the amount of friction
is regulated by screws and lock nuts,
which hold the friction uniform at any
desired tension. The arms are of solid
steel, and the discs are malleable iron
machined to a perfect bearing on the
friction ' washers between. All the
brackets are 30 inches long, with the
exception of style D, and give a range
of 5 feet. They are plated by an clec-
The Indestructible paper file handle. — Schuc-
hardt & Schutte, Montreal.
tro-galvanizing process, which gives an
aluminum finish, rust proof and pleas-
ing to the eye.
THE SIBLEY ALL-GEARED DRILL-
ING MACHINE.
EXCLUSIVE features of this new box
column all-geared drilling machine,
built by the Sibley Machine Tool Co.,
South Bend, Indiana, are the direct
drive, the speed box being located on
fir
Sibley All-Geared Krilung Machine.
top of the column, and the elimination
of every part not absolutely necessary
and not affecting its range and conveni-
ence. Further, all gears are enclosed
and run in oil, while all bearings
have self-oiling devices. In operation,
this machine has been designed with a
view to convenience. It can be start-
ed or stopped, feeds and speeds changed,
and table adjusted by the operator with-
out moving from his position in front
of the press.
The speed box is located in the l<^i-
cal place on top of the column, which
necessitates the use of only one pair of
bevel gears to deliver the power to the
cutting tool. Any one of the eight
speeds can be selected instantly without
running through intermediate changes.
The semi-steel feed gears are always in
mesh, and changes are effected by means
of a patented internal key which will
not stick or bind. Six long split bush-
ings of special bronze, with 97 square
inches of bearing surface, carry the
main gear shafts. These latter are of
Pig. 1 — Searchlight Universal lamp bracket —
wall attachment.
high carbon steel. The entire mechan-
ism runs in an oil bath, insuring con-
stant and thorough lubrication. Hoods
at the ends of the bearings catch the
surplus oil, which returns to the case
through large drains.
The spindle, of high carbon steel, is
finished by grinding, as is also the
graduated spindle sleeve. The spindle
runs in two bronze bearings, which are
equipped with self-oiling devices. A ball
thrust collar is supplied, and guaran-
teed not to crush under the most se-
vere service. The feed mechanism de-
rives its power from the main drive
shaft, which directly rotates the spindle
and is geared down in such generous
ratios that an unusually powerful feed
is obtained. There is only one pair of
steel bevel gears in the entire feed ;
these, together with all teed gears and
the steel worm, run in an oil bath.
306
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Four changes and a neutral position aJ«
obtained by moving a small knob in the
centre of the band wheel. A positive
adjustable collar on the graduated
spindle sleeve trips a latch at the de-
sired depth of hole, and the entire me-
chanism swings down from the worm
gear on a large hinge pin. A special
wear-resisting bronze alloy is used in
the worm gear.
Absolutely every gear on this ma-
dhine is enclosed and running in an oil
bath. The countershaft bearings, as
well as spindle bearings, are equipped
with self-oiling devices, and a scK-oil-
iag loose pulley is supplied which will
run several months without attention.
Another exclusive feature is the pump
and tank for supplying lubricant to the
afford ' all possible protection to the
workman. As may be seen from the cut,
the top of the dog is in one piece, cov-
ering the set screw making it impos-
sible for the lathe hand to catch his
ribbed cross bridge. All bearings are
hand scraped. The machine can be
equipped with draw-in spindle, collets,
and taper attachment, thereby making a
high grade tool room lathe. It can also
be furnished with regular style legs
without oil pan.
The usual equipment is furnished with
each machine.
MA-
New style latbe dog.
sleeve in the revolving work, as so of-
ten happens with tlie old style dog with
no screw protection. An ordinary stand-
ard wrench is used on the set screw for
ADJUSTABLE HIGH SPEED
CHINE REAMER.
I^HE Ideal adjustable high speed ma-
■■■ chine reamer made by the Mc-
Crosky Reamer Co-, Meadville, Pa., is
designed to ream with ease the tough-
est, hardest and most fibrous metals,
without binding, heating or clogaring up
with chips, and to leave every hole
The "Ideal" adjastable high-speed reamer.
cutting tool. Tank, pump and all pipes
are enclosed within the column, aitd the
cutting compound returns to this tank
through a drain in the table which Is
not visible outside. By this means the
machine can be kept neat and the com-
pound free from chips and dirt.
The design, it will be noted, is unoisu-
ally heavy and compact throughout.
There are no exposed moving parts be-
yond the pulleys and spindle, and every-
thing has been designed to carry many
times the load guaranteed, namely, to
drive the best Mgh speed drills from J
up to 1} inehes at their most efficient
speeds and feeds. The specifications are
given herewith :
Swing, 24 in.
Slaximum distance, spindle to table,
27 in.
Feed of spindle, 12 in.
Feeds per revolution of spindle, .008
in., .015 in., .024 in., .032 in.
Smallest diameter of spindle. If in.
Diameter sleeve, 3} in.
Morse taper hole in spindle, Nq. 5.
Working surface of table, 16 in. x 20
in.
Vertical traverse of tabic, 20 in.
Diameter of all pulleys, 13 in.
Face of all pulleys, 4^ in.
Spindle speeds, 75 to 450 R.P.M.
Coontersfaaft speed, 400 R.P.M.
Height over all. 6 ft. 10 in.
Weight, 2200 lbs.
Floor space required, 29 in. x 57 in.
adjustment, and should the latter be-
come damaged or burred, it can be re-
moved by placing a socket wrench
through the top hole.
The dog which may be had with either
a bent or straight tail, is made of cru-
cible cast steel having a tensile strength
of 70,000 pounds per square inch. The
set screw is of high grade steel and has
its end hardened.
NEW 14-INCH LATHE.
'T^HE illustration shows a new 14 inch
lathe now being built by the Miami
Valley Machine Tool Co., Dayton, Ohio.
It has strength, accuracy, and simpli-
city, and is designed to meet the de-
mand for machines to be used in manual
training schools, auto garages, as well
as general manufacturing plants. The
The "Ideal" Reamer Parts.
true and smooth and round. This ream-
er differs radically in construction from
other adjustable types, there being r n-
ly two solid blocks of high-speed steel
held on an arbor by two powerful col-
lars— nothing more ; screws, small
parts and inserted teeth being notable
absentees in this tool.
There are four left hand spiral cutting
edges, and every tooth is milled in the
solid head. Adjustment is effected by
loosening the rear collar and tighteir-
ing the front collar, which procedure
forces the two halves of the reamer
head up the inclined surfaces of the
arbor, obviating the necessity of shim-
ming with paper or sheet metal.
If desired, these reamers are furnished
with right-hand spiral flutes for rough-
ing purposes.
A NEW STYLE LATHE DOG.
npHE West Steel Casting Co., Cleve-
^ land, Ohio, have brought out an
improved type of lathe dog designed to
14-ln. Latbe— The Miami Valley Machine Tool
Co.
actual swing, over the bed, is 14J inches
and the hole through spindle which runs
in large phosphor bronze bearings is
1 1-16 inches. The carriage has three
bearini^s on the bed, the third bearing
giving additional strength to the heavily
THE MORRIS NEW 16-INCH LATHE.
'TpHE accompanying photographs illus-
trate a new 16 inch quick change
engine lathe recently placed on the mar-
ket by the John B. Morris Machine Tool
Co., Cincinnati, 0. The machine, while
conforming in general to the practice of
the leading lathe builders, has a number
of novel features incorporated in its de-
sign which go to increase the productive
capacity of the machine. The tool is de-
signed for heavy duty service and is
characterized by great driving power to-
gether with strength in details to bal-
ance same.
The driving cone, which is 3-stepped,
has diameters 7i, 8| and 10 inches re-
spectively for a 34 inch driving belt.
The back gears are of the double fric-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
307
tion type with ratios sufficient to give
ample pulling power on large diameters.
The frictions in these back gears are of
the toggle lever type, unusually large in
diameter, and are fitted with an auto-
matic adjustment for wear. The spindle
boxes, made of phosphor bronze, are oil-
ed continuously from large oil wells in
The Morris New 16-iii. Lathe.
the pedestals. The front spindle bear-
ing is 2f inches diameter by 4^ inches
long. The headstock is reinforced with
an improved system of dropped longitu-
dinal and cross ribs down below the
shears of the bed. The reverse plate is
carried on the outside of the head, and
is a double-walled one-piece casting in
which the studs for the gears are sup-
ported at both ends.
The quick change gear mechanism con-
sists of the usual cone and tumbler gear
combined with a novel system of sliding
gears through which 45 changes of feed
or thread leads are obtained with the
use of 21 gears. All feed changes are
obtained by means of the three levers
shown on the front of the box, the one
at the left being used only to secure the
extreme range. The total range of the
machine is from two to sixty threads
per inch. The end of the lathe is fitted
with the usual quadrant and quadrant
gear for connecting up with the spindle,
so that it is possible to put on change
gears to secure any special thread which
might be required within the above
range, and making the machine capable
of covering as wide a range of threads
as can be obtained on any standard con-
struction of engine lathes. A new fea-
ture in connection with this mechanism
is the method of connecting it with the
feed rod and lead screw. This is accom-
plished by means of a sliding gear oper-
ated by the knurled handle shown at the
extreme right of the box, and is so ar-
ranged that when the lead screw is in
operation the feed rod is at rest and
vice versa. This construction makes the
quick change box a complete mechanism
within itself and permits it being taken
oft the bed without disturbing the ad-
justment of the lead screw or feed rod.
The apron is a one piece box section
casting with ' all studs and gears sup-
ported in bearings at either end. It Is
supplied with the usual bevel gear re-
verse, which mechanism interlocks with
the half nut, so that it is impossible to
engage the lead screw and feed rod at
the same time.
To overcome the difficulty usually en-
countered in engine lathes due to the
operator's inability to manipulate the
revolving knurls for engaging feeds, ow-
ing to the high speed at which they re-
volve, a novel arrangement of clutches
is employed. The frictions are of the
Detail— The Morris New 16-in. Lathe.
expanding ring type 5 inches diameter
and engaged by means of a toggle lever
movement which ' insures ample driving
power under the heaviest cuts. The
shifting mechanism for these frictions
consists of a single crank handle shown
on the front of the apron. When this
lever is thrown to the right it engages
the longitudinal feed, and when it is
thrown to the left it engages the cross
feed. Since this lever is stationary at
all times it enables the operator to
work up to a shoulder without the ne-
Detall— The Morris New 16-ln. Lathe.
Det.tll — The Morris New 16-in. Lathe.
cessity of throwing out the feed and
running up the carriage by hand, and in
addition to this, it is in a particularly
convenient position for the operator to
manipulate at all times. Provision is
made in the shape of a positive stop
which makes it impossible to throw the
lever from one feed to the other with-
out first pulling out the plunger pin in
the handle.
The carriage, which has a bearing 26^
inches long on the bed, is carried on a
Detail— The Morris New 16-in. Lathe.
"V" at the front and on a flat surface
at the back of the bed. It is held in po-
sition by a long fiat clamp at the back
and by means of two taper gibs at the
front which bear on the machined sur-
face directly under the front "V". These
gibs from their location make it impos-
sible for the carriage to lift or climb
the "V" under any conditions, and at
the same time will not throw the car-
riage out of alignment if not properly
adjusted. The front "V" is unusually
large, being li inches in width, and
with the wide flat bearing at the back
gives the carriage a total effective bear-
ing area of from two to three times that
usually found on lathes of this size.
The bridge is very wide and drops down
in a deep double box section between
the shears. Since the ways for the tail-
stock are dropped down below the ways
for the carriage, it is not necessary to
notch the bridge for clearance, and thus
its rigidity is maintained.
The compound rest is made heavy to
withstand the strains imposed upon it
by the modern high speed steels. The
clamping device for the swivel is of a
new constr-uction operated by a single
belt which is located convenient to the
operator. The clamping mechanism con-
sists of a "V" shaped clamping ring of
a similar construction to that usually
found on round column radial drills.
This device in addition to being very ef-
fective leaves the bottom slide more
rigid than it would be with the "T"
slot turned in it and at the same time
permits of very quick adjustment of th<»
Detail — The Morris New 16-in. Lathe.
30S
CANADIAN MACHINERY
compound rest. The tailstock is of mas-
sive box section and arranged with the
usual type of set-over for turning tapers.
Its spindle is of steel 2 3-16 inches diam-
eter, and is clamped by means of a
taper plug of the same construction as
that usually found on the overarm of a
milling machine. The tailstock is clamp-
ed to the bed by means of two large
that it will handle, without any signs
of distress, a cut J inch deep by i feed
in 60 point carbon steel at a peripheral
speed of 75 feet per minute. The lathe
swings 16i inches over shears and 10
inches over the carriage, and with a six
foot bed takes 2 ft. 8 inches between
centres. With a six toot bed, the
pro'rimate weight is 2,100 pounds.
ap-
Oeometrlc threading machine complete with
conntersbaft (oil hood removed).
bolts coming up directly in front of and
behind the tailstock spindle. These
bolts reach to the top of the tailstock,
where the nuts are in a convenient
place for the operator.
The bed is 11 J inches deep and 14^
inches wide, strongly ribbed with cross
girths. The front girth, which is direct-
ly under the front spindle bearing, ex-
tends clear up to the top of the ways in
order to resist the twisting strain on
the bed at this point. The legs are set
in from the ends of the bed, thus short-
ening the span between supports on the
bed and making use of the familiar
cantilever form of construction. The
feed gears throughout the machine are
made of steel and are considerably
heavier than those usually found in
aimilar machines ; the lightest gear
in this raechanisiii being 9 diam-
etral pitch. That the machine is capable
of continuous operation under heavy
cuts, will be evidenced by the statement
GEOMETRIC THREADING MACHINE
I^HIS machine has been, especially de-
signed to thread work that cannot
be produced on the usual screw machine
or turned out economically otherwise.
It is intended to produce accurate work
in quantity and should not be confused
with bolt-threading machines general-
ly. The pedestal and arms consist of a
single heavy casting, through the head
of which a hollow spindle of liberal di-
ameter is mounted on bronze sleeve
bearings. At its inner end, this spin-
dle Carries the standard Style D, Geo-
metric Self-opening and Adjustable Ui8-
heads, modified in des'ign to meet the
changed requirements of operation.
The die-head is held in a heavy cam
sleeve pivoted in a yoke hung from the
housing of the spindle. At its lower end
this yoke is attached to a closing rod
equipped with two adjustable stops. The
forward stop is set to trip the die-
head open, upon the completion of the
thread, thus allowing the quick with-
drawal of the work. The rear stop
serves to re-close the die-head when the
carriage is pulled back against it. This
Carriage is mounted on slides and Is de-
signed to be moved back and forth by
hand. It carries a vise operated by
hand wheel, and while designed particu-
larly for rod threading, can be adapted
to thread pieces of special form, simply
by fitting it with a vise design for hold-
ing the work.
A liberal sized oil well is placed a
short distance below the spindle in the
pedestal, and carries an' oil pump ol
the gear typo driven by a round belt.
This pump forces oil through the hollow
spindle and at the opening cm the die-
head on the work, the oil returning to
the well through a fine screen.
The range of the Geometric Style D
Self-opening and Adjustable Die-head,
with which this machine is fitted, is
from i to J inch. Sizes obtainable are:
i, 5.16, t, 7-16, i, I and i-inch, the
machine being equipped with a change
speed gear for adapting the speed of the
spindle to the diameter of the work to
be threaded. This gear is operated by
a short lever dropping in notches corre-
sponding to the various speeds, as
shown by the illustration. An adjust-
able stop is provided at the off side of
the Carriage for gauging the length of
V:\y k KKiin extra heavy double-spindle sliaper
CANADIAN MACHINERY
309
the work. This is employed as a gauge
in setting the work in, the vise, and in-
sures a uniform length of thread in every
piece. A removable oil-guard placed
over the die-head prevents it trom
throwing the oil about.
The range of diameters mentioned is
obtained by the use of extra chasers or
dies. To remove ths chasers, push the
Carriage forward until the stop opens
the die-head, exactly as when in opera-
tion. The chasers then may be readily
lifted out by holding up on the knurled
nut on %e small projecting stud of the
die-head. The form of the chasers is
Such that they are long-lived, and when
worn out, may be replaced at a nomin-
al expense.
The various speeds at which the Geo-
metric Threading Machine has been de-
signed to run for different diameters,
are the result of a number of years'' ex-
perience in this work.
piece, all the pulleys and belt shifters
are mounted. This is new and distinc-
tive of the Fay & Egan- machine, and
makes for the most rigid construction,
as well as eliminating all assembling on
arrival at destination. Adjustable inde-
pendent idlers are provided to take up
the slack in either belt, so maintaining
the proper tension at all times. The
column, a single cored casting, very
heavy, and with broad floor support, is
of such design that it is not in the op-
erator's way, and supports the working
parts with absolutely no vibration. The
operator has perfect control of this ma-
chine at all times by means of the
foot treadle at the front.
Further information concerning this
machine may be had from the makers at
362-382 West Front St., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
EXTRA HEAVY DOUBLE SPINDLE
SHAPER.
■fXTE are glad to be able to call atten-
'* tion to another new J. A. Fay &
Egan Co. machine. This new tool is a
THE ALLEN HAMMER RIVETER.
A notable addition to the line of
■^ hammer riveters, built by the John
F. Allen Co., 370 Gerard Avenue, New
York City, is shown in accompanying
cut. This riveter, on account of its
shorter reach and lighter weight, is in-
tended for work beyond the scope of the
regular Allen boiler riveting machines,
and should have a wide application. Its
reach is 15^ inches, and it is sufficiently
powerful to drive rivets from J to 1
inch diameter.
In operation the work to be riveted
is placed so as to bring the rivet head
on die "D" with the free end of the
rivet pointing toward the axis hammer
cylinder "C." Upon moving handle "B"
toward '"C," air is admitted to cylinder
"A." This closes arms "X" and "Y"
and with a pressure of about 4,000 lbs.,
firmly secures the plates to be riveted,
between die "F" and nozzle "N."
When button "G" is pressed, air is
admitted to cylinder "C." This causes
the hammer to strike the end of the
rivet a scries of swift blows, heading
the rivet in a few seconds. Upon re-
leasing the pressure upon button "G,"
the motion of the hammer is arrested.
Mo ring handle "B" toward the rear of
the riveter, at once opens arms "X"
and "Y" and releases the plates, which
are moved immediat-ely upon inserting
the rivet into position and the riveting
operation repeated.
The machine is in balance when sus-
pended from hook "S" and can be
wung in any direction. It turns on its
long axis "L-L" by means of the handle
wheel "W," which operates a worm en-
gaging a worm wheel enclosed in the
supporting ring "R."
This riveter operates on air at a pres-
sure of from 60 to 100 pounds.
N°I85
llardinge automatic locking foot treadle.
HARDINGE AUTOMATIC LOCKINO
FOOT TREADLE.
TT will be noted that when the foot is
■*• pressed down,as in Figs. 186 and 187,
the upward pulling of the wire locks the
double spindle shaper, designed to meet
the most exacting requirements of car
shops, and all kinds of woodworking
plants, where heavy shaping is done. In
the company's large illustrated circular
treating of this machine, particular at-
tention is called to the extreme high
speed of the spindles, insuring perfect
work and maximum output. The phos-
phor bronze taper bearings with con-
tinuous oil flow, permit the operation of
the spindles on this machine at 7,000
revolutions per minute. The spindles are
made of forged crucible steel, and mount-
ed in rigid housings, which are fitted in-
to planed gibbed ways, throughout their
entire length. These housings, adjusta-
ble vertically by hand wheel (as will be
seen in the illustration), operate through
cut spiral gears, thus requiring no extra
locking device. Each housing is inde-
pendent of the other, and both spindles
drop below the table.
Another valuable feature of this ma-
chine is the construction of the counter-
shaft, on the base of which, cast in one
New Allen hammer riveter.
>10
CANADIAN MACHINERY
treadle, and by simply pressing on the
heel part, the treadle is again released,
making the operation just as easy as it
there were no locking feature. The de-
\-icc seems attractive and useful for ap-
plication to such machines as are start-
ed by foot ; further, it enables the op-
erator to majiipulate the treadle at will,
according to requirements.
Hardinge Bros., Lincoln Avenue, Chi-
cago, are ttie manufacturers of 'his
treadle.
Shop Kinks and Methods*
By William Hall.
THE nwtter of shop kinks and meth-
ods as applied to railroad shops
and other manufacturing establishments
is a factor to be counted on, when con-
sidering the efficiency, not only of our
great and up-to-dat« shops, but of the
small and isolated places, and more es-
pecially the latter, for in the larger
shops it is less difficult to get the prop-
er tools necessary for a job. Until
everything mechanical has been improved
to its utmost and universally adopted,
there will be call lor shop kinks, and in-
dividual effort in devising them.
Kinks Afford Scope for All.
Great inventors, like poets, are born,
not made. We can't all be Edisons,
any more than we can all be Byrons oi
Tennysons, but very happily it does not
require a great inventor for most of our
shop kinks, nor is it always the mosi
Intricate piece of mechanism, that is the
most useful and counts most towards ef-
ficiency. More often the home or shop-
made tools, the result of a few hours
thought, the tools that can be made use
of every day, are those to give us the
best all-around results. These kinks or
short cuts, if you please are designed
for the purpose of reducing exertion on
the operator's part, and decrease the
time on and expedite certain operations.
All kinks, however, are not applicable
to every shop for what would be prac-
tical in one could not be used in another
owing to local conditions.
Lack of Encouragement.
A great many more shop kinks would
be designed and used were it not for the
prejudice of some men in authority. This
game prejudice has killed the ambition
and aspirations of many a good man;
probably I should have used the word
selfishness — the terms, however, are
synonymous. A man may be intensely
earnest in endeavoring to produce some-
thing very practical and very efficient,
but his efforts are not appreciated; he
receives no encouragement, hence his
work counts for nothing. I believe that
•Abstract of Paper read at tbe Oeoeral Fore-
mena* CoBTeotloo.
the practice of devising shop kinks and
methods should be fostered and encour-
aged to its fullest extent, for it will be
to the best interest of all concerned. I
also believe in giving every man his
honest due. If a kink has been develop-
ed from a hint or suggestion from some
workman, however humble a sphere he
may be filling, let him get the credit,
for possibly if he had the facilities at
his command he could have brought out
the kink hin^elf. I believe that more
kinks would be published, were it not for
the fact that all af us are not draughts-
men, and, therefore, are unable to pro-
cure tracings or photographs to send to
the editor of the shop kink section oI
our magazines.
Services Rendered by Kinks.
That great service is rendered by these
various and numerous kinks is without
question. There is great saving of ener-
gy on the part of the operator, and the
efficiency of the shop is increased accord-
ing to the merit of the kink designed
and adopted. I have said that it is
often the the simple little kink that
counts tor efficiency, and as an illustra-
tion will cite a. small tool designed by
the writer, for the purpose of testing
crank pins. Sometimes in tramming an
engine in the running sheds, we find the
pins do not coincide with the miain or
wheel centres, indicating that one or
more pins are either sprung or not quar-
tered correctly, and in order to find this
out, wheels must be removed and placed
in a quartering machine to find out which
pin or pins are out, requiring the ser-
vices of from four to six men, but the
simple kink designed by the writer elimi-
nates this difficulty ; pins can be tested
without removing the wheels, and the
device is so simple that it can be
operated by any intelligent apprentice.
Another case I recall, where, being
necessary to finish a set of shoes and
wedges from the rough, the planer hand
would finish each shoe and wedge sepa-
rately in a chuck. By the introduction
of a simple angle-iron, five shoes or five
wedges were finished in one operation,
the number being limited only by the
length of the planer bed. This was on
a single-headed planer.
I could cite numerous cases just as
simple, and equally efficient, such as us-
ing arbors for planing cross-heads, in-
stead of removing the piston for that
purpose, and the introduction of frame
spreaders made from piping, instead of
using heavy jacks, thus not only increas-
ing the efficiency of the men and the
shop, but eliminating the element of
danger of a heavy jack falling and hurt-
ing some one.
Kinks as an Aid to Shop Efficiency.
The gain in efficiency of a shop using
kinks is difficult to estimate, as the gain
depends upon the kinks themselves and
local conditions, and may vary from 10
to 500 per cent.
It has been said, that "necessity is
the mother of invention," and many of
our shop kinks are the results of some
hard thinking on the part of some man
who was up against it. Others, again,
have been the result of accident ; in
their case, results have come unsought.
SAFER, QUICKER AND CHEAPER
RAILROADS.
C. Reginald Enock, in introducing the
subject of "Necessity for Safer, Quick-
er and Cheaper Railways," in a paper
read before the Society of Engineers,
London, England, argued that the ca-
pabilities of the ordinary steam rail-
way do not keep pace with the require-
ments of the times ; that there are too
many accidents ; that traveling is too
slow ; the cost of construction too
heavy ; that freight and passenger rates
are too high ; labor insufficiently paid,
and dividends less than they should be.
He pointed ou-t that tiie mountainous
regions of the globe are still undevelop-
ea, due to heavy cost of railway con-
struction. He showed that the heavy
cost of English railways is largely due
to land purchase. He considered that
radical changes in design and construc-
tion are now called for, in the interests
of safety, rapidity, and economy. He
broiig'ht forward a proposal for a new
type of safety telescopic buffer carriage,
to minimise shock and loss of life in
collision, and suggested a special look-
out man on express engines.
He discussed the possibility of evolv-
ing a new type of railway altogether,
and brought forward a plan for light
overhead railways, with single motor
or electric vehicles traveling at high
speeds, with' special provision against
derailment, by additional horizontal
wheels. If such a type were found prac-
ticable, the present great cost of rail-
way construction would be lessened, as
land for right of way would not be
rendered useless for agricultural pur-
poses, and embankments, cuttings,
bridges, tunnels, drainage, ballast, sleep-
ers, telegraph poles, and other matters
would no longer be necessary. He urged
that national experiments should be car-
ried out on a specially equipped site, in
order to give greater scope to inven-
tors and to evolve improvements ; and
suggested that enquiry might be made
into the possibility of a combination of
railway and aeroplane.
He concluded by saying that both en-
gineers and railway managers must
come to tihe rescue of society with
improved methods, and greater ingenuity
and economy.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
311
GnadianMachinery
^-e." MANUFACTURING NEW5^
A monthly newspaper devoted to machinery and manutacturing interests
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical progress, ccnstruction
and improvement, and to all users of power developed from steam, gas, elec-
rioity, compressed ai? and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN ■ President
H. V. TYRRELL, Toronto • - Business Msnsger
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Vol VII.
November, 1911
No. 11
THANKSGIVING DAY, 1911.
TITE join with our readers in giving thanks to a bounti-
'' fill Providence for not only providing industrial
prosperity, with its labor and recompense to our steadily
increasing population, but for averting that class strife
and bitterness, which, with its disastrous consequences,
has marred the fair records of other lands during the
past year. The outlook is for a continuance of equally
good times to that which we have been experiencing.
Much prosperity, we all know, is not conducive to in-
creased contentment, because a propagator of selfishness.
Unless, therefore, those who direct and those who serve
temper it by the cultivation of tolerance and respect for
each other in their shortcomings, Canada, too, will have
her future Thanksgiving Days disfigured by strife and
class bitterness. Needless to say, we hope for many
happy returns of the day.
CANADA'S ACCIDENT RECORD.
INDUSTRY'S toll of death and serious injury is reach-
*■ ing to figures somewhat higher than most of us would
care to give credence, did they not have the stamp of of-
ficialdom. In another part of this issue will be found the
Department of Labor returns for the mouth of Septem-
ber. There were .58 fatalities and 122 serious injuries re-
corded. The question naturally arises: Is everything pos-
sible being done to prevent and minimize these occur-
rences? Is there contributory negligence on the part of
both employer and employe? Is each taking the necessary
precautions for their prevention, as they should? or arc
they leaving their best interests to that most unsatis-
factory of recourses — legislation? Prevention is better
than cure — yes, and the legislation cure is worse than the
disease.
Much, we admit, is being done in the matter of ii-
stalling safeguards on manufacturing equipment, but
much more can be and should be done. The desire to keep
down expenses and increase profits on the part of em-
ployers contributes, together with the bait of increased
remuneration for the employe who takes the "last ditch,"
as it were, in his efforts, to more or less neglect of the
duty that the former owes to the latter, and each to them-
selves and those dependent upon them.
Compensation for injuries, fatal or otherwise, is meet
and right, although always unsatisfactory from every
point of view in its ultimate determination. Protection
is what both sides will find to be the best solution, and
no man is a sufficient protector of himself or of those
in his care, who neglects to keep alive the instinct of
self preservation and usurps its place with a greed which
seeks to extract the last cent that physical endurance per-
mits. Efficiency, carried too far, will, we fear, cultivate
concentration of effort in a narrow groove and kill obser-
vation and alertness over that wide range to which our
natures aspire and for which they are fitted.
THE CARE OF EMERY WHEELS.
A FEW weeks ago, in a Toronto foundry, a man was
•'*• killed by the bursting of an emery wheel, near which
he was working. Such accidents are, fortunately, rare,
though we are surprised that they do not occur more fre-
quently, in view of the ignorance displayed in so many
shops of the proper way to care for emery wheels. Take
I lie above accident as an example. At the inquest, the
jury found that the wheel had a flaw in it and was unfit
for use. This may or may not have been the case, but
it came out in evidence that when the wheel had glazed,
the man in charge, instead of using an ordinary dresser,
had hacked the face with a hammer and chisel. Such
treatment would be sufficient to injure any wheel, and
we should not be surprised to iind that a crack was thus
started which was the direct cause of the accident.
When visiting foundries and machine shops, we con-
stantly see emery wheels fitted with side washers which
are far too small to give adequate support. About a
month ago, we saw a glaring case of this kind, and in
conversation with the foreman, learned that a wheel on the
same machine and running under similar conditions had
burst about a year previously, on which occasion the said
foreman was struck on the head by one of the flying
fragments and seriously hurt. It is said that "a nod
is as good as a wink to a blind man," and this gentle
hint was as effective as either in this case, for on emerg-
ing from the hospital, he proceeded to equip the grinder
with a new wheel — and used the'same old washers again!
The manufacture of abrasive wheels has reached .a
high pitch of perfection, and as they are all tested to
run at much above their working speed, it is seldom that
one bursts, through an inherent defect, if purchased from
a reliaMe maker. Nevertheless, every precaution should
be taken to ensure their safe operation,
♦
AN AWARDS SCHEME.
'I^HE article appearing in another part of this issue sets
forth the advantages accruing through the evolution
of "kinks, methods or devices" from the brains of work-
men in every field, department and station. More indus-
trial development than many of us care to admit has
been due to the mechanic and helper, yet little credit
and reward of such humble genius has been apparent.
We purpose, in an early issue, to tell our readers of the
operation of an " Awards Scheme, ' ' whereby employes
of every grade found nrofltnble outlet for the display of
intelligence in their dailv work.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundrymens and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
MOLDIKG AN UNUSUAL BAFFLE
PLATE.
By John H. Eastham, Montreal.
A LONG with contracts for ordinary
•**■ work, most jobbing foundries re-
ceive every now and then, an order for
a casting or a series of castings a little
more complicated tlian usual. In this
category, the baflSe plate here described
may safely be placed, and although of
end being cut off parallel with the feet
to facilitate the operation. The core at
this end squares up the end of the cast-
ing as may be seen in Pig. 3, which
shows the completed mold.
Emergency Parting.
The parting made below the feet was
for emergency use, as in the event of
loose sand falling down the mold, the
shape of the latter would have made
thorough cleaning out imposssible, ex-
cept by the removal of the cheek and
cores.
The straight irons bedded in the over-
hanging corners at A, A, A, A, prevent-
ed the sand from pulling up during with-
drawal of the pattern, and also washing
and scabbing when the mold was pour-
ed.
Pit-. 1.— Baffle Plate Pattern.
no great size, it is well worth descrip-
tion.
Method of Molding.
Figs. 1 and 2 show side and end views
of the pattern, which was placed feet
upwards on an ordinary flat board, and
the cheek or mid-part first rammed up.
A parting was made at the face of the
core prints, the loose pieces drawn out,
feet cores placed in position and securely
spiked. The drag was next rammed in
the usual way, care being taken when
venting, not to strike the cores or that
part of the mold from which the loose
pieces had been withdrawn. The job
was then rolled over, the parting made,
and the cope rammed up and removed.
Owing to the angle at which the feet
were placed, great care was required in
drawing the pattern, the print at the
DISK GEINDING SECRETS.
"There is no secret or mystery iu
modern disk grinding or disk grinding
processes. If your competitor is at all
alive, he knows — or can if he wants to
— whether or not you operate a disk
grinder.
Time was, however, when the first
disk grinders were installed that their
owners did not want anyone else to
know there was such a tool on the mark-
et. They guarded their disk grinder
with envious eyes for fear their compe-
titors might learn of this labor-saving
tool.
But that time has passed. Trade pa-
pers, advertising, salesmen and all bear-
ers of new 'thinks' make it impossible
to keep the disk grinder hidden. It is
needless to say we are doing our best to
make it public property.
This leads us to the question, 'Is it
worth while to try to keep secret your
methods of machining?' This has been
tried — and is being tried to-day — by
many manufacturers, but generally
with little success. As long as your
method requires you to employ help
your secret is bound to leak out. Your
employes are apt to leave you, either in
good or bad graces, and with them goes
your secret.
Of course, this matter is the manufac-
turer's own business, but it has been
demonstrated beyond doubt that those
Pig. 2.— Baffle Plate Pattern.
who invite visitors into their plant and
show them how they do things are just
as prosperous as those who do not. This
latter type may be likened to an ostrich
which buries only his head in the sand
and thinks he is entirely under cover.
If you have tools, methods and devices
upon the exclusive use of which your
success depends it would be far more
satisfactory to have them patented." —
The Gardner Grinder.
rig. 3.— Baffle Plate— Completed MoM.
GREEN SAND, DRY SAND.
LOAM and GORES
By Joseph Horner.
T F this subject is considered on broad
lines, there is no question as to the
extent of field covered by the various
sand preparations. There are, howev«,
considerable differences of opinion field
by individuals, as to the relative util-
ity of each in special cases. As ia so
many ■ other matters, the border lines
which define the sphere embraced, nre
not of a sharp and definite character,
therefore, much overlapping occurs. One
foreman will use cores extensi/ely in a
class of work which another will treat
in green sand. One will prefer dry-
sand, another will employ green, and a
third will use dry sand instead of loam.
Sometimes it is a question of relative
expense, but more often it is one of
general soundness of the castings pro-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
313
fluced, their neatness of finish, or the
lessening of the risk of wasters. In some
cases, choice is determined by local con-
ditions, such as capacity of drying
stoves, tackle available, and so on. The
broad outlines of the separate spheres
being more or less well defined, these
with modifying conditions will now be
considered.
Green Sand.
This occupies by far the largest place
in foundry work, the reason being fairly
obvious. In the first place, it serves ex-
cellently for perhaps quite eight-tenths
of the total work done, and is easily
manipulated. It affords a cheap method
of working, because when a mold is
made, no further drying is necessary ex-
cept in some few cases, and then only a
mere skin drying. It is convenient, be-
cause a large range of mixtures is ob-
tainable, ranging between weak and
strong for lighter and heavier work, and
for different sections of the same mold,
subject to less or greater pressure.
Green sand mixtures have features in
common, as follows: — They are loose and
are rammed green or moist; they are not
dried, the molds being poured into, with-
out change of condition from that in
which they were rammed.
Suitability of Mixtures.
The suitability of mixtures, each for
its own special line of work, depends on
three main conditions. These are the
character of the mixture, as determined
by the proportions of the open, loose and
free, or close and clayey character of its
constituents, without reference to these
qualities being a result of chemical dif-
ferences; by the amount of water pres-
ent, and finally by the manner and de-
gree in which the ramming and venting
are done. Only a molder perhaps fully
understands in how large a degree the
soundness and smoothness of the skin of
a casting are dependent on these two
conditions. Too loose ramming entails
lumps, too hard ramming, scabs. Insuf-
ficient venting in almost any case re-
sults in blows and sponginess, and the
harder a part is rammed, the more free-
ly should venting be done. The few ex-
ceptions to the need for venting only
occur in small molds made of very open
sands.
Green sand mixtures are rammed
chiefly when enclosed in boxes. The box
filhng is old sand which has been used
over and over again, having been turned
out of the boxes after casting, and re-
watered and mixed for repeated service.
New sand, a facing sand mixture, is
rammed directly against the pattern,
and the old or floor sand is used for
filling up, hence termed "box filling."
The facing sand only occupies from
about 1 to 2 or 3 inches tliickness, and
increases with the dimensions of the
mold It contains ground coal dust or
charcoal to prevent sand burning. The
carbon ignites and burns away, leaving
the sand honeycombed and porous, while
the gas generated forms a film interpos-
ea between the molten metal and the
sand
Reasons for Non-Universal Adoption.
The reasons why the utilities of green
sand molds are not of universal applica-
tion may now be noted. First, the
sand, though rammed, is too loose and
weak for some molds in which numerous
sections stand out in cantilever fashion,
and are thus liable to become broken oft
and washed away by a heavy flow or
rush of metal. Much assistance can be
afforded such sections by rods and nails,
but their use is often too limited to be
reliable. The larger the mass of intri-
cate molds the greater are these risks,
and although a strong mixture of sand
be used in such molds, the body of which
would be rammed with ordinary sand,
the risks of wasters are too great to be
taken. This being the case, green sands
are wholly discarded for another ma-
terial.
Aiiother thing, entailing some risk in
greer. sand work, is the presence of a
large number of cores. The risk is
cumulative, the numerous cores and
ventt' being liable to cause trouble in ad-
dition to the mold proper, due to the
large aggregate amount of gas generat-
ed in pouring. Intricate steam cylind-
ers of large dimensions are cases in
point. Again, where the risks of actual
wasters may be slight, there are others,
such as lumpiness of surface, general or
local sponginess, roughness of skin, and
slight scabbing of castings, which found-
ers of repute do not like to send out,
and which many inspectors would con-
demin. In face of such risks it is bet-
ter to abandon green sand and employ
a rather more expensive way of nwld-
ing
Dry Sand.
Thifc is a strong sand mixture con-
taining horse manure. When dried, it is
hard in mass, though rather fragile in
weak sections. It offers a firm surface
against the pressure of metal, and little
gas is developed at casting, because the
moisture of the water used in mixing, is
dried out in the stove before the metal
is poured. It is, therefore, a safe mold,
though more costly than green sand, due
to the necessity for drying it.
The differences to be noted in the
working of dry sand, besides that of
drying, are of three kinds. First, the
ramming must be harder, as hard as can
be done. Second, the venting is supple-
mented and helped by the burning out of
the particles of hay in the horse manure
during the drying of the mold. Third,
the joints must be finned, i.e., pressed
dowt with the trowel after delivery of
the pattern, and before drying, for un-
less this be done, the joints will be
crushed and will fracture on closing the
mold Such a contingency does not oc-
cur in green sand, because it yields
slightly, but dry sand is too hard and
rigio to yield. Finning the joints has
the effect of throwing the sand adjacent
to the edges out of actual contact, and
a very slight fin results in the casting,
but this is of no consequence.
Loam Work.
This occupies a sphere which is nar-
rowly defined. With very slight excep-
tions it is retained for work mainly cyl-
indrical or circular which is too large to
be made from a pattern on account of
the cost of the latter. There are ot
course, fittings more or less numerous,
not circular, such as feet, flanges, steam
chests, and the like, and for which pat-
tern parts have to be made. The main
cylirdrical or circular sections are swept
up with boards, against loam plastered
on and sustained by brickwork. Loam
is daubed and built against the fittings
which are also supported by brickwork
built to their outlines with the neces-
sary loam clearances.
Loam is also used for sweeping-up
large cores around a vertical axis
against brickwork, also for cores on a
horizontal axis, laid around a central
core bar, with hay or straw ropes to
bind the loam together, and to make up
thicknesses. Often the thickness has to
be made up in some section with plates
threaded on a central bar, and having
the interspEtces filled with haybands and
loam. Again, loam is used for sweep-
ing-up patterns to be molded in green or
dry sand. This is done when work is
too long and too small in diameter to
be swept-up on a vertical axis. Loam
patterns may be plain, but much more
often they carry fittings of wood, just
as though the main body were of wood
instead ot loam.
Loam is ot one mixture, but Is ground
and sieved coarser or finer according to
the location in which it is to be used.
Coarse loam is employed for roughing,
finely sieved loam for finishing coats.
All loam contains quantities of horse
manure. A strong sand is used mixed
witii water, and dried thoroughly in a
stove. Usually it is self-venting, but
awkward corners and angles are vented
with the wire.
The Problems Involved in Machine Tool Standardization
By L. P. Alford
The writer shows in this paper that as well as standardization of product being of im-
mense advantage in manufacturing, equally beneficial results are achievable from a
standardization of processes and tools by users.
OTANDARDIZATION" of product is a
necessity in manufacturing. It is the
starting point in every attempt to pro-
duce great quantities of parts cheaply
and uniformly. The advantages are
readily recognized. There are similar
advantages in the ' standardization of
processes and tools used in manufactur-
ing, and this broad fact is the reason for
this paper. The problem of standardiz-
ing machine tools is very important. I
propose treating it so as to establish
the principles which should be followed
to obtain the desired uniformity in de-
tails, rather than go very far into the
details themselves, except by way of il-
lustration.
Nomenclature of Machine Tools and
Parts.
Before beginning my argument with
reference to mechanical details I must
refer briefly to the nomenclature of ma-
chine tools and their parts. You have
a committee which is considering the
question of standardizing the names of
machine tools. Permit me to say that
I am in full sympathy with this move-
ment and hope for a speedy report and
action by your body. But is there not
a wider field, that your committee might
consider, than merely the generic names
of machines? Why not take up the
names of individual parts? No argu-
ment is needed to convince you of the
confusion that now exists. Take the
common word dog. There are probably
as many varieties of inanimate dogs as
there are species of canines on the ben-
ches of the average dog show.
What is the distinction between a
table and a platen, between an arbor
•B««d at tbe New York meeting of the
Notional Machine Tool Bnllderg' Association.
and a mandrel, between a bed and a
base, between a pillar, a post and a
column? What is a jig, a fixture, and
so on? Lest you think I am wandering
from my subject, I hasten to point out
the connection. The foreign user must
not be forgotten. Whatever simplifies
the descriptions of machines, facilitates
translation and comparison, and is a
direct aid to him in getting a mastery
of the situation. In the interest of
4.— Standardize operating movements.
5.— Standardize parts concerned in the
setting-up of machines, with reference to
the permanent shop equipment.
6. — Accept the geometric progression
as a fundamental requisite in designing
feeds and speeds.
The application of none of these prin-
ciples will introduce a radical change in
design, for, on the contrary, either
through action by this association or
Dimensions of Ten
20-lNCH
10-FooT Bed Ekcine Lathes
SWING.
SPINDLE DKTAILS
U •
1 :
Ji
i
c
• "5
i I
•o
I •
c
.E.2
??,-s
=5
V
u
u
■o- .«?
„
i
»".=
•g.
n
2
o
S ^
"w
.H =
Ul
en
I/:
l-
o
►^
(0
)2K
6'
3H
X 4
Morse 5
M 4
Ui
3,800
375-500
Hxl«
2U'/,
li"/.
6'2"
.1
X 6
M 4
1.K
4,000
660-843
2iy,
14H
6'1"
1 9-16
4
445
20^4
ny.
i'A"
1 25-32
IM
4,600
SSO
22 X
UK
y
M
X 5
Morse
IK
4 .4,200
660-82S
><xlV4
21 J4
13H
5'S»
2H
X 5
Morse
1 ).I-I6
4,190
807
20 H
1.1 v;
5'6"
244
X 5
ikl
3,300
600
H^iH
22
14V<
5'»"
M 4
1%
4,200
330
2--'/t
1214
6"
2y,
X 6
1 11-16
3,800
347-460
HxIJl
30M
UH
e'l"
i
X 6
IK
3,260
technical accuracy, it is very much to
he desired that a reasonable uniformity
should be established in the names of
machine parts.
Important Principles in Standardization
Turning to the machines, there are six
important principles in standardization,
which I have formulated, as follows:
1. — Standardize corresponding designa-
tions and capacities, and establish a
method of power rating.
2.— Standardize devices for holding
cutting tools.
3.— Standardize devices for holding
work and fixtures.
through a process of natural develop-
ment, uniform features can be pointed
out substantiating the importance and
setting a precedent for the application of
each principle.
The First Principle.
The first principle aims at a standard-
ization of corresponding machine desig-
nations and capacities, and the establish-
ing of a inethod of power rating. In
1903, action was taken by a number of
milling machine manufacturers, estab-
lishing the maximum feed travels for
various sizes of knee-and-column milling
machines. For example, the maximum
DiMKNSION?
OF Six No. 2
Milling M
ACHINES
SW.NULE DETAILS
TABLE
DETAILS
COl.llMh
DETAILS
i
s
"o „
ja J;
I- e
Si :
III
s *> ■
=1 :
Us
In
1^
n
^ :
**■ ',
o ;
is
11
si
in
2h :
m
Telescoping screw
Width of face of
column, inches
Distance column
an g le goes
above spindle
center, inches..
H
2y, iiKbn dUm., 4
thdft. per ill..
>.. It. V. S. S.
2 iiichrt diam., 8
lllK. u. s. s.
2i^ it'Chc* iliam.,
U. S. S.. 4 per
in. 1.. H.
10
10
10
none
non?
none
3 '4
3
None, bolt
not f u r-
niihcd.
H inch, 11
thdi.
tJ.'s.^"'
»•>% X \<iy,
43«« louj,
10" wide
39 X lO^i
2"i
2 516
3
y« 9H
yes 10
yes ■)y.
50
45
50
5)4
2«
3Vi
below
3 /a
4 '4
3H
Ki.e (*r in<li •
10
I 5 IC
3H
12 thdi.
per inch.
IIX X 47«
length over
H
2»
yes \Q%
45
2>5
3Xi
7VS inchM I 12
n
nofiC
IK
H i n e h.
No. 11.
all 52
41 X 10
H
2%
yes iy.
40
about
even
4
2y, inchn diam..
fy, lexl. Ik pitcli
U. •!. S.
I 35-64
i%
« imli. 11
Ih.lv
*'!y. long,
11 wide
H
2 S-16
y« \0%
45
2K
*%
S E ■
3-D 1,
O
o 3
.SP
1 13-16
2H
IK
1 13-16
2M
450
505
510
650
420
470
580
785
590
730
3,050
2,600
2,460
2,850
CANADIAN MACHINERY
;5I.">
teed travels for a No. 2 Universal ma-
chine were fixed as follows: Longitudi-
nal, 25 inclies; cross, 8 inches; vertical,
18 inches. This was a start toward
standardizing designations and capaci-
ties. The resulting uniformity is of ad-
vantage to the buyer in comparing the
various makes of machines designated as
Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. But this is only
a beginning.
To develop the point, let me ask what
is a 14-inch, 6-foot bed engine lathe? To
answer my own question, I don't know.
From data that has been gotten out,
comparing some of the dimensions of a
number of 14-inch, 6-foot bed engine
lathes, it is found that the diametrical
swing over the bed ranges from 14J to
lei inches; the swing over the plain
carriage fron^ 7^ to lOJ inches, and the
maximum distance between centres from
one foot six inches to three feet three
inches.
From the user's standpoint, it is as
important to know the diameter that
can be swung and turned over the car-
riage as it is to know the maximum
diameter that can be swung over the
ways, and the length of the bed is of no
more interest than the height of the
lathe hand who operates it. A similar
argument can be presented for other
kinds of machines, but would only serve
to unnecessarily lengthen this discus-
sion. Is there not an opportunity to
bring about reasonable uniformity of
corresponding designation and capacity,
making these descriptive?
Question of Power Rating.
Turning to the question of power rat-
ing, the user should have some means of
distinguishing between the relative capa-
city for removing metal and mechanical
efficiency of machines of the same dimen-
sional capacity. If he asks for bids on
a 20inch 10-foot engine lathe, and in one
case is quoted $600 and in another $450,
he should have some means of knowing
that the difference in price represents a
difference in metal-removing capacity of
the tool. Let me call attention to the
phraseology that I have used in connec-
tion with this point:— To establish a
method of rating rather than standard-
ize ratings themselves. Development is
giving us light-powered and heavy-pow-
ered machines; each kind has its field,
but there should be some way to differ-
entiate them except by name.
that this principle has already influenc-
ed design, I have but to refer to the
taper of the hole in the spindles of mill-
ing machines. For the No. 2 milling
machines, whose dimensions are tabu-
lated, all had the hole in the spindle
conforming to Brown & Sharpe's No. 10
taper. Similarly, for the No. 3 milling
machines, - the spindle taper was found
to be uniformly Brown & Sharpe's No.
11. Again, the Morse taper is exten-
Dimensions of Te
N 14-Inck Lathes
-Swing.^-
/
-Spindle Dettils.—
\
s
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M 2
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285-3«2
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iy*
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645-785
tSx. 1
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ift
8
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it
1.600
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475
H X 1
ny.
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irA
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6
375
isy.
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3 4
M 3
lA
1,650
350-475
H X 1
uy.
7'A
2 11
2% X 7
m
1,550
585
isyt
854
2 6
2« X 7
M 3
1%
1,825
380-485
a X 1
UH
8M
3 1
2 X 7
a per ft.
M 2
1 3/64
1,600
6
375
a X I
i6'A
3
2ft X 6
» per ft.
M 3
IH
1,850
6
525-660
H X 1
The Second Principle.
The second principle refers to stand-
ardization of devices for holding cutting
tools. The small tool equipment of a
shop represents a large investment. The
more adaptable this equipment is, the
fewer pieces there need to be in use;
and the greater the number of hours
each small tool can be at work, the
greater the operating efficiency of the
shop. The interchangeability ot lathe
tools and tool holders throughout the
tool posts of all lathes of a given size,
the interchangeability of milling cutters
and their collets among machines of
different makes, the interchangeability of
drill chucks throughout all the drilling
machines of a given department, and so
on, represents a real increase in effici-
ency which is so apparent as merely to
need mention to bo recogn'zed. To show
sively used in drilling machine spindles,
and in the ten 14-inch engine lathes in-
vestigated, the majority of the tools'
post slots were found to be made for i
X IJ inch tools.
The Third Principle.
The third principle proposes to stan-
dardize devices for holding work and fix-
tures. The arguments presented in fav-
or of standardizing the devices for
holding cutting tools apply here with
even greater force, for the devices and
fixtures for holding work are more ex-
pensive as individuals than are separate
cutting tools. Consider the advantages
of having chucks interchangeable through
out all of the lathes of a given size in a
lathe department, or consider the ad-
vantage o{ uniform T-slots throughout
all kinds of machine tools of relative
DiMKNSIONS
OF Six No. 3
Milling Machines
Spindle details.
Column
Detail!.
i
"S
per hole in
spindle,
idth of slot in
end of spindly
inches.
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600
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below
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1,640
6,700
Five per inch
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per inch
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63 over all
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800
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toy,
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4,200
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55 « long
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3
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316
CANADIAN MACHINERY
similar sizes. A milling fixture can
then be used on any milling machine of
a given number, holding-down bolts can
be standardized as regards the sizes of
beads, \rith the full assurance that they
can be used on a milling machine, or
drilling machine, or planing machine, or
lathe, as the case may be. In addition
to the enormous saving in original in-
vestment and increased flexibility of the
equipment, there is an attendant saving
in the time required on the part of the
workmen to find devices that can be
used.
The Fourth Principle.
To show that something has been done
in recognition of this principle, I have
but to refer to the table slots of mill-
ing machines. Ot the milling machines
investigated, the table slots were uni-
formly J inch. The fourth principle re-
fers to the standardization of operating
movements. Rapid repetition work de-
pends very largely upon the sense of
touch of the operator. Frequently re-
peated movements become, to a great
degree, involuntary. It, therefore, fol-
lows that a standardization of the op-
erating movements of machine tools will
contribute to an operator's speed by
making his motions, to an extent, in-
voluntary and permitting him to change
from one make of machine to another
without any disturbance to the habits
that he has formed. On all standard
lathes, the same direction of motion of
the foot-stock handle should advance the
spindle toward the head. Similarly, a
definite direction of motion of the hand
wheel on the carriage should advance
the carriage toward the head, and
so on, for the other hand-operated move-
ments.
To show that this principle has been
recognized in the engine lathes investi-
gated, the direction of motion of the op-
erating handles was uniform to produce
a correspondong movement of the oper-
ating parts.
The Fifth Principle.
The fifth principle sets forth the stan-
dardization of parts concerned with the
setting-up of machines with reference to
permanent shop equipment. There are
only a few points to be considered here,
»uch as the spread of the bolt holes in
the feet of the countershaft hangers, the
drop of the shipper rod, and for motor-
driven tools, the dimensions of the mot-
or feed pads. I understand that a
committee of your association has con-
sulted with a committee of electrical
machinery manufacturers in regard to
this latter feature, but that thus far, a
working basis has not been reached. I
need not dwell upon the advantage to
the user in being able to buy a machine
that meets his needs from a machine
tool builder, and a motor adapted to the
machine from an electrical machinery
manufacturer, which he can assemble
himself with every knowledge that they
will fit.
The Sixth Principle.
The sixth principle refers to an accep-
tation of the geometric progression as a
fundamental requisite in determining re-
lations throughout the chosen ranges for
feeds and speeds. I have reason to be-
lieve that this principle is very general-
ly recognized among you, especially
among those producing milling machines,
but there seems to be a wide difference
in the ratios aimed at. Personally, I
am not in a position to make any de-
finite recommendation along these lines,
other than to state the general prin-
ciple.
To make my argument complete, it is
evidently necessary to prove that a lack
of uniformity exists in connection with
the features covered by the principles
outlined above, and at the same time
that these differences are of such a na-
ture as to indicate that uniformity can
be established. To meet this require-
ment one of my associates has prepared
four tables that form an appendix to
this paper. Two refer to lathes and
two to milling machines, and give, res-
pectively, an analysis of many of the
features capable of being standardized
for 14-inch and 2l.'-inch lathes. No. 2 and
No. 3 milling machines.
The following lists of features to be
considered for standardization are for
the four fundamental machines, lathes,
planers, drilling machines and milling
machines. This does not imply that
standardization cannot be carried on in
connection with sonms other machines,
but the limit of time prevented a con-
sideration of them. However, the prin-
ciples laid down are of such a nature
that they can and should he applied to
all classes of machine tools that are of
a fixed type and made by a number of
builders. The real work of determining
dimensions is a long, tedious task, and
cannot be done in a weak-kneed, faltering
manner. Personal experience in the
work of standardization has taught me
that the difficulties in the way are al-
ways magnified. The way is easily
found if there is a will to do. What fol-
lows is suggestive only.
Engine Lathe Standardization.
Designations and capacities might be
linked together by giving three dimen-
sions: First, the swing over the ways;
second, the swing over the plain carri-
age; third, the maximum distance be-
tween centres. Thus, a 14-inch 6-foot
bed engine lathe would become, say, a
Hx8-inch x ;i-foot engine lathe. The maxi-
mum swing over the ways should be fix-
ed for each nominal swing; the other
dimensions to be exact. As a sugges-
tion merely, is it necessary to have so
many nominal sizes of lathes as are now
built and listed? As now arranged,
these sizes roughly form an arithmetical
progression, having a common difference
of two inches. Has anyone considered
arranging these sizes in a geonnetric pro-
gression with the direct purpose of re-
ducing their number? It anyone is in-
terested in this speculation let him
start a progression with ten inches and
apply the ratio 1.2.
A standard method of power rating
might be to give the horsepower of the
driving belt for the machine; this power
to be figured by means of a determined
formulat with determined factors for
single, double and triple belts. This
same rating could apply whether the ma-
chine was belt-driven or motor-driven;
for a given type and size of machine is
usually built for both methods of ap-
plying power. This will permit a care-
ful designer to develop a design and
have a proper relation between power
and rigidity. It will also permit the
user to compare mechanical efficiencies.
For each nominal size of lathe the fol-
lowing details of designs should be
standardized: The diameter, thread, and
length of spindle nose; taper of hole in
spindle; diameter of hole through
spindle; taper of the centres; hole, key-
way, face, pitch and kind of teeth of
change gears for the ordinary screw-cut-
ting type; number of threads per inch ot
the lead screw; size of T-slots in wings
of carriage, direction of motion of oper-
ating handles, controlling movements of
foot-stock spindle, carriage, tool block
and compound rest.
Vertical Drilling Machine Standardiza-
tion Features.
Features of vertical drilling machines
that should be standardized for each
nominal size are: Dimensions of table
and finished surface of base; distance
from centre of spindle to face of column;
method ot power rating; dimensions of
the spindle nose, taper of the hole in
the spindle; number, arrangement and
size of T-slots in table and base, maxi-
mum distance from spindle to table and
from spindle to base; direction of mo-
tion of operating handles.
Planer Standardization Features.
The features to be standardized in con-
nection with planers are: A method of
rating; method of stating capacity;
number and size of T-slots in the platen,
and dimensions of reamed holes in plat-
en and direction of motion of operating
handles.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
317
Milling Machine Standardization Fea-
tures.
In the planing machine, drilling mach-
ine, shaping machine and lathe, we have
a precedent for a lorm of designation
that of itself indicates capacity. Is there
any good rea.son why milling machines
should not be styled in similar manner?
To illustrate, is not the designation a 25
x8xl8-inch universal milling machine
better from the viewpoint of conveying
information, than to say a No. 2 univer-
sal milling machine?
Features to be standardized in connec-
tion with milling machines are: Designa-
tion and capacity; a method of rating; a
length and width of working face of
table; maximum distance from centre of
spindle to table; thread on nose of
spindle; diameter of nose; taper of hole;
width of slot in clutch end; diameter of
clutch end and distance from face of
column to end of spindle nose; and taper
of hole of spindle of vertical attachment
and index head; diameter of over-arm;
distance from centre of arm to centre of
spindle; diameter of bore for outer arbor
bearings; width of face of pillar and
solid angle of edges; distance face ex-
tends above spindle centre; number, size
and spacing of table slots; diameter and
thread on draw-in bolt; general position
and direction of motion of operating
handles.
Inter-size and Inter-class Standardiza-
tion.
Thus far my argument has been direct-
ed toward standardization within the
general limits of a given size of a given
kind of machine. We must also consid-
er the advantages of inter-class stand-
ardization. Although this discussion
cannot be carried very far until detail
dimensions have been tentatively deter-
mined upon for the various sizes of the
various classes.
The establishing of a standard method
of power rating has been touched upon.
It is evident that such a method would
apply to all sizes > and all classes of
machines. Turning to details of design,
a |-inch T-slot should have the same
dimensions whether it is in a milling
machine table, a drilling machine base,
a planing machine platen, the wings of
an engine lathe carriage, or the table of
a shaping machine. If there is an ad-
vantage in being able to exchange chucks
throughout the individual machines of a
lathe department, is there not an added
advantage if these same chucks can be
used on certain sizes of milling mach-
ines? To put; it a little miore concrete-
ly, why should not the spindle noses of
16-inch engine lathes and No. 2 milling
machines be identical, and again why
should not the noses of No. ,3 milling
machines and 2(.'-inch engine lathes be
the same?
Motion of Operating Handles.
Turning to our fourth principle of
standardization, should not the general
position and direction of motion of the
operating handles of a 14-inch lathe cor-
respond with those of a 20-inch lathe?
Should there not be similar uniformity
between a No. 2 milling machine and a
No. 3 milling machine, and so on ?
General.
Referring to our fifth principle of
standardization, should not the space of
the holes in the feet of countershaft
hangers for the countershafts of approx-
imately the same weight and subjected
to the same stresses, be uniform with-
out reference to the machines they are
used with? The advantage of such
standardization in aiding the locating,
spacing, and setting-up of countershaft
stringers is apparent. Again should not
the pads for the feed of a three-horse-
power motor to be applied to a lathe be
identical with those for a similar three-
horsepower motor to be used on a mill-
ing machine?
As another general point, no screw or
athcr part should be tolerated whose
travel is of such a length that a hole
must be cut in the floor to accommodate
it. Machine users cannot countenance
the cutting of holes in shop floors, par-
ticularly in buildings where the mater-
ials of construction are fire resisting.
It may seem to you that I have men-
tioned many points where uniformity al-
ready exists. If such is the case, the work
of standardization is made all the easi-
er, tor all that is necessary is for your
association to adopt them formally as
your standard.
Proposed Standardization Well Received
Finally, I wish I could make you feel
the enthusiasm with which this matter
has been received by ALL the machine
users with whom I have discussed it.
From the viewpoints taken, it has been
evident that the advantages of such uni-
formity will be felt not only in large
manufacturing departments of machine
shops, but likewise in the tool-making
room and in the job shop. Its advant-
ages in all three of these places have
been emphasized to me. One superin-
tendent said in substance, the tool room
is the place where the greatest good
from such uniformity will be felt, for
there the work is special, there we feel
the need of interchanging tools between
machine and machine, and the equipment
will be made truly elastic if details are
standardized. \ works manager said:
"Our large manufacturing departments
are the ones that will be benefited by
the establishing of such uniformity,"
and the proprietor of a jobbing shop ad-
ded: "Such standardization will save
me money every day, besides permitting
me to buy new machines of makes that
I favor, but have not deemed it right
to purchase in the past, because in many
of the essentials they differed from the
equipment already in use? Had I bought
these machines, I would have had also
to buy a special tool equipment to go
with them." One enthusiast express-
ed himself by "me for it," while anoth-
er man who had influenced the buying of
$750,01.0 worth of machine tools during
the past eight years, said: "Standardi-
zation of machine tools, as you have
outlined it, is the greatest constructive
step in machine-tool design that I can
imagine."
15-16 mCH HIGH SPEED DRILL
TEST.
We are in receipt of the following par-
ticulars of the test of a 15-16 inch high
speed drill, through the courtesy of
Alexander Gibb, 13 St. John Street,
Montreal, Canadian representative of
the drill makers, J. Beardshaw & Sons,
Sheffield, England. The test was made
on 25th August of this year, by the
Sheffield Testing Works, Ltd., Blank
St., Sheffield, England.
The drill, 15-16 inch diameter, is
known as the "Conqueror" high speed,
and showed an analysis in the steel
bar of .44 carbon, .15 silicon, .34 sul-
phur, .031 phosphorus and .77 mang-
anese. The revolutions per minute
were 435, and the number of holes drill-
ed 100. The depth of hole was 3
inches and, therefore, the total depth of
hole cut was equal to 200 inches. The
duration of test was SO minutes, 46
seconds, the depth of hole- per minute
6i inches, and the feed per revolution
.015. The lubricant used was soapy
water.
On conclusion of the test, the cutting
edge of the drill was classed as being
in good condition.
INDUSTRY'S TOLL OF DEATH.
Industrial accidents to 180 individual
workpeople in Canada during the month
of September, 1911, were reported to
the Department of Labor. Of these 58
were fatal and 122 resulted in serious
injuries. In addition, five fatal acci-
dents were reported as having taken
place prior to the beginning of the
month, information not having been re-
ceived by the department before Septem-
ber, 1911.
A Unique Census Counting and Tabulating Machine
By J. H. WiUitms*
A general description of an interesting and ingenious machine employed by the Canadian
Government in compiling the recent Dominion census. It autom,atically tabulates all
kinds of statistical information, and is the first of its kind ever built.
T^OR tabulating the statistics obtain-
ed at the fifth Canadian census
taken in .June this year, the Dominion
Government used the ingenious machine
here described and illustrated. After a
somewhat similar tabulator had proved
its efficiency in handling the results of
the last I'nited States census, the de-
signs for this present type machine were
purchased by the Canadian Government
from Chas. W. Spicer, the engineer, and
tenders to supply three of them were
thereafter invited. A high official from
the Census Bureau at Ottawa, accom-
panied by Mr. Spicer, visited a number
of machine shops in different Canadian
cities to examine into their facilities for
executing an order of this description.
As a result of these visits, the contract
was finally awarded to Jos. P. Cleal,
mechanical expert, Toronto. Mr. Cleal
is a well-known designer of cash regist-
ers and other intricate mechanisms, con-
sequently his shop is well equipped for
expeditiously turning out fine and ac-
curate work.
The Census Cards.
The statistics are printed in contract-
ed form on census cards, one of which is
shown in Fig. 1. Each line of informa-
tion is distant i inch both horizontally
and vertically from the next line. The
cards 6| by 3J inches have a uniform
thickness of .006 inch. The reason for
the right hand lower comer being cut
off is to ensure their being all stacked
right side up before being placed on the
machine.
The cards are first perforated in a ma-
chine having a key board similar to a
type-writer. One clerk reads out the
information from the census papers sent
in by the enumerators, while a second
clerk punches the card to correspond.
The card and the censu.s paper are then
turned over to two other clerks, one of
whom reads out the information given on
the card, while the other checks it by
the paper; thus each card is checked
twice. By means of the perforations in
the cards, the tabulator is able to list
the returns; the principle being analo-
gous to that used in mechanical piano-
players and similar instruments.
Operation of the Machine.
Fig. 2 gives a general side view of the
machine, while Fig. 3 shows the front,
where the card selecting is done. The
AMociat* Editor. Teren/ o.
small motor seen near the floor in Fig.
2, operates the machine, the cards pass-
ing through at the rate of 200 per min-
ute. Referring to Fig. 3, the bar A, is
electrically insulated from the framis of
the machine, and as may be clearly seen
in the cut, is notched to carry a num-
ber of brass fingers, six of which are
seen in place. Each of these has a
small pin running transversely through
it near the front rounded shoulder, and
each pin carries three fine springs of
piano-wire twisted round itself, to make
contact with the revolving cylinder be-
low. The cards, after being perforated,
are piled up on the platen or table B.
They are compelled to pass into the
machine square and true by suitable
guides, which were removed for the pur-
poses of these photographs. The rocker
C, feeds the cards in at the rate of 200
per minute, a gate (not shown) prevent-
ing more than one card entering at a
time. The cam, D, raises and lowers
the vertical rod E, attached to which
are a series of light metal chutes F. It
will of course be understood that the
cams, vertical rods and chutes are in
pairs, one set on each side of the mach-
ine. The width of the chutes is slight-
ly greater than the thickness of the
card, and attached to each pair, there
are two parallel wires about 6 inches
apart, which terminate at one or other
of the metal uprights seen in Fig. 1.
The.se uprights form compartments into
which the cards fall, after being con-
veyed along the wires by the fingers at-
tached to the endless tapes seen in Fig.
3.
It nmust not he supposed that one pas-
sage through the machine suffices to
tabulate all the information contained
on each card. On the contrary, the
card is passed through fourteen times, a
different line of information being coll-
ected each time. When the cam D, is at
the top of its stroke the edge of the card
is always i inch beyond the contact
springs and exactly opposite the bottom
iii^iurij-iiij.uaiiinij.Lijj.i J
Fig. 2 — ('eiisus laljulalihK uiacbilie.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
310
chute. For every i inch of the card's
advance, the cam lowers the rod E, a
distance equal to one chute. The cam
makes one complete revolution for each
card that passes.
The Tabulation Process.
Suppose it is desired to tabulate the
information contained in the ninth col-
aud the rod E, is again picked up by
the cana in the course of the latter's re-
volution.
As the cards are only .006 inch thick,
it will be seen that great accuracy was
required in making the cams, chutes,
and machine generally. With the excep-
tion of the electrical equipment, the
completion of the census returns, will
be employed in the statistical work of
the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.
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umn from the right hand side of the
cards. All the contact fingers, except
ninth from the right are removed from
the machine. The cards are then plac-
ed on the table B, and the machine
started; the cards being fed in from the
bottom of the pile. Any card, perfor-
ated to give the third item of informa-
tion in the column, will have its perfor-
ation f inch from the front edge. Let
us follow the course of such card
through the machine. It is fed in be-
tween the spring contacts and the cyl-
inder below. When it has entered to
the extent of i inch, the vertical rod E,
is at the top of its stroke and about to
descend; the card then being opposite
the bottom chute. When the card has
advanced another \ inch it is opposite
the second chute from the bottom, but
with an advance to the third i inch,
the perforation in the card allows the
piano-wire springs to make electrical
contact with the cylinder below.
This operates a magnet which instant-
ly throws two pawls into gear with
two racks cut on the rod E. The latter
is thereby prevented from falling further
and remains in its then position while
while the card enters its chute. The
fingers on the endless belts now push
the card out of the chute and convey it
along the two parallel wires. On reach-
ing the end of the latter, the card falls
over into its compartment, and is at the
same time recorded by an electrical
counter not shown. An attendant re-
moves the cards from the compartments
from time to time, the metal boxes seen
in Fig. 2, being provided for this pur-
pose. As soon as the card has left the
chute the contact timers, seen at G in
Fig. 3, render the magnet inoperative,
whole of the work, including the nickel
plating and the enamelling of the frame
was carried out in Mr. deal's shop,
under the superintendence of his mech-
anical engineer, Mr. R. A. Schrag.
Machines ot this type are well adapt-
ed for the use of banks and insurance
companies. The three in question on
INTERNAL GEAR DRIVES.
The advantage of gears over chains, as
a motor-truck drive, may be enumerated
as follows: The gears can be properly
inclosed and lubricated, and any range
of reduction obtained. The differential
can be run at a higher speed and hence
at less strain and higher efficiency than
chains. The bevel ^ear reduction can be
made one to two, while with the chain,
the bevel redaction is found to be in
general one to three, and one to tour.
The former, therefore, is a more efficient
bevel gear because the efficiency of the
bevel gear decreases when the ratio of
reduction increases. The side swaying
of car causes chains to get out of line,
thus increasing wear. The stretch of
the chain must be taken care of from
time to time by readjustment of the ra-
dius rods. Both radius rods must be
given uniform readjustment, or the
rear wheels will not run in line. Few
laymen can do this. Bevel gears are at
all times in positive relation to one an-
other and do not require readjustment.
Fig. 3 — Census tabulating machlDe.
Mechanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinists
By B. P.
A Series of Progressive Lessons Designed to Familiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Apparattis Necessary to Make Simple Drawings, to Encourage them to Realize How Im-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, as Well as Being a Profitable Pastime.
*
DE^ORE leaving the subject of screw
threads, let us briefly explain the
principle of multiple threads and the
method of drawing them.
As previously mentioned, the friction
of an angular thread is very high, there-
fore, large screws are generally made
with square threads so as to overcome
this trouble. When of coarse pitch,
however, square-threaded screws are
somewhat weak, since the great depth
of the thread reduces the body diameter
considerably. For example, let us con-
sider the case of a square threaded
screw, 4 inches in diameter and 2 inches
f\K- 1— Urawing biuI sketching.
pitch. Since the depth of. the thread is
equal to half the pitch, the diameter of
the body will be only 2 inches, if we
make the screw single threaded. By
dividing the pitch into two threads par-
allel to one another, the diameter of the
body will be increased, for the pitch (2
inches) will now contain two threads
and two spaces, instead of one as in the
single example. Also, each thread will
be i inch wide and J inch deep, leaving
a body diameter of 3 instead of 2 inches.
Fig. 1 shows the dilTerence between a
■ingle and double-threaded screw of the
■ame pitch, the former being shown at
A and the latter at B. The pitch may
be divided into any number of threads
desired; thus, we may have a three or
(our-threaded screw. Care must be
taken not to confuse a four-threaded
•crew with a screw liaving 4 threads per
inch.
In drawing multiple threaded screws,
remember that with the number o!
threads even, the threads at the top are
opposite those at the bottom; and if the
number is odd, then the threads at the
■Ntotli of ■ wrlcs of ao loitructlon Coartip.
top are opposite the spaces at the bot-
tom.
Fig. 1 also serves to show the ir.ct'iod
usually adopted for ^ showing square
threads. It will be noted that the
threads at top and bottom are joined up
by straight lines instead of by helical
curves as described in last lesson. The
latter method is the correct one, but
takes a long time, and is seldom em-
ployed ' CYcept when drawing large
screws full size or to a fairly large
scale.
Fig. 2 is introduced merely to show
the difference in appearance between a
right hand thread C and a left hand
thread D. For the sake of first year ap-
prentices, it may be as well to explain
that a right hand screw is one which re-
volves when advancing into its nut, in
the same direction as the hands of a
clock, while a left hand screw revolves
in the opposite direction. Thus in Fig.
2, C and D both have the same pitch,
but revolve in opposite directions when
entering the nut.
For ordinary shop drawings or
sketches it is usual to indicate a screw
thread by a series of parallel lines as
may be seen in Fig. 3. This shows a
J inch bolt. If inches long. The length
of a bolt is always given from the un-
derside of the head to the end as here
Fig.
-Drawing iiiid skutclilng.
shown. The only exception to this rule
is in the case of bolts or screws having
countersunk beads, where the overall
length is usually given. Ift Fig. 3 it
will be noticed that the dimensions of
the head are not given, because they are
standard.
How to Draw an Eccentric.
Fig. 4 shows an eccentric suitable for
a locomotive or small marine engine.
To allow the eccentric to be placed in
position on the shaft or axle it is split
across, the two parts being fastened to-
gether by two bolts and cotters. The
eccentric is keyed upon the shaft and
further secured by two set screws fitted
with lock nuts. The screws are cupped
or hollowed at the points and hardened,
so that they will secure a good grip on
the shaft. This sketch has been pur-
posely left incomplete, especially in the
plan view, which is supposed to be in
section. In drawing the two set screws,
care must be taken not to make them
r
'f
i
<
wkitworti, sy
Fig. 3 — Drawing and aketchiog.
so long that they will not go into place.
It will be found necessary tor this rea-
son to reduce the thickness of the lock-
nut and bolt head to about f inch. Ex-
cept for the length of these bolts all ne-
cessary dimensions have been given and
the student should have no difficulty in
completing the drawing. A scale of 2
inches to the foot will be suitable, or it
may be made larger, if desired. First
lay down the horizontal centre line of
the elevation view. Across this, draw a
short vertical line. The point of inter-
section of these will be the centre of
the shaft, which is 7 inches diameter.
Three inches to the right of this point
draw another vertical line, whose point
of intersection with the horizontal cen-
tre line will give the centre of the ec-
centric. It will now be seen that a
complete revolution of this eccentric
will move the valve 6 inches. The two
halves are "dove-tailed" together, the
joint being J inch deep, which prevents
side motion and takes all shear off the
bolts. A similar projection, all round
the outside of the eccentric, fits into a
like recess in the eccentric strap and
keeps the latter in place.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
321
Sketching in the Shops.
The student will find it instructive to
get around the shop at noon hour, with
his rule and calipers. He should prac-
tice making free hand sketches of sim-
ple parts of machines or engines, taking
care to put down all necessary dimen-
sions, and in his spare evenings make
proper finished drawings from them.
One or two attempts at work of this
kind will do more to teach him how to
make shop sketches of practical value
than naany columns of print. Start witl^
easy subjects such as plain pistons, cast
iron pipe, etc, and gradually work up to
higher things. It does not matter how
rough the hand sketch provided all ne-
cessary dimensions are given, from which
to make a finished drawing.
The student will be surprised at first
to find how many needful points or fig-
ures he has omitted, and pains must be
taken to quickly correct this fault. The
ability to be able to make correct and
intelligible sketches is a distinct asset
to any mechanic, and it needs only a lit-
tle practice to enable the beginner to
see almost at a glance what dimensions
are lacking from his sketch.
Exercises.
1.— Draw to any convenient scale a
single-threaded screw 2 inches dia. by j
inch pitch. The thread to be square sec-
tion and right handed.
2.— Draw a left-handed screw of the
same dimensions as the above, but
double threaded.
3.— Draw a hollow cast iron piston 12
inches diameter by 4^ inches wide, with
core 9 inches diameter by 3 inches thick.
The hole for piston rod is 2 inches diam-
eter. Round the circumference of the
piston are two grooves for the packing
rings. The grooves are ^ inch wide by
i inch deep and the centre of each
groove is IJ inches from the vertical
centre line of the piston.
A LARGE LATHE.
One of the most powerful lathes ever
constructed was recently put into ser-
vice by the Darlington Forge Co., Eng-
land. Its massive double-slide bed,
Gift. 6in. long, 16ft. wide, and 27in.
deep, is built up in two lengths jointed
down the centre with five longitudinal
and several transverse box girders, and
is so arranged that an additional length
can be easily added later.
The lathe, which was built by Messrs.
Hulse and Co., of Salford, England, will
admit work 40tt. 6in. long and 13ft. 4in.
diameter between centres. The fast
head stock has two changes of double
and two of quadruple machine-cut forg-
ed steel gearing, the changes being read-
ily effected by means of racks and pin-
ions. The spindle is 19in. diameter by
27in. length in the front bearing, and
15in. diameter by 22iin. in the back
bearing, A large ball bearing is fitted
to take the end thrust. The machine is
driven direct through machine-cut double
helical forged steel gearing by a 100 b.
h.p. motor, having a speed variation of
3 to 1, mounted on the foundation plate
at the front of the headstock. The keys
on the shafts in the fast headstock are
forged solid with the shaft, and all the
sliding wheels are fitted with two keys.
The face plate chuck is 12ft. diameter,
cast in one piece, bolted to a large col-
lar forged on the spindle nose. The
movable headstock . has a forged steel
spindle 12in. diameter. Four indepen-
dent sliding carriages are provided, two
at the front and two at the back, with
transverse slide and extra holding-down
strip. Each is fitted with a rotating
nut and reversing gear, swing frame and
machine-cut steel change wheels, these
latter not only imparting the various
rates of feed longitudinally for sliding
or screw-cutting, but traversely for sur-
facing. Rotary motion is transmitted
by means of longitudinal shafts driven
from one of the quick-running shafts on
the fast headstock through two changes
of spur gearing; means of hand adjust-
ment being also provided. The sliding
carriages have a quick traverse motion
in both directions driven direct from a
20 b.h.p. constant-speed motor self-con-
tained with the lathe. The range of
spindle speeds is from 0.4 to 30 r.p.m.
THE JANNEY UNIVERSAL VARI-
ABLE TRANSMISSION DEVICE.
Lecturing before the Canadian Society
of Civil Engineers, Montreal, Mr. New-
man, chief engineer of the Universal
Transmission Co., described the con-
struction of the Janney Universal Vari-
able Transmission Device. The paper
was chiefly of a technical character, and
was illustrated by lantern slides and a
working model. Mr. Newman stated
that the device, which has been adopted
by several governments for operating
guns on turrets, was applicable to
cranes, automobiles, cars, vessels, loco-
motives, elevators, and numerous other
machines, and he claimed that it was
more efficient, and in the end, more
economical, than other transmission de-
vices. During the discussion, approval
of the idea was expressed, but it was
suggested that more experience was
necessary before its application could be
made commercially possible.
Fig. 4 — Drawing and sketching.
Mr. Moscrop, of the Campbell Gas
Engine Co., Halifax, England, who has
been looking over the Canadian field for
the past three months, returned to Eng-
land last week. While in Canada Mr.
Moscrop appointed agents at Vancouver,
Winnipeg and Toronto.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Economically and Efficiently.
A PHASE OF EFFICIENCY
MOVEMENT.
By Observer, Winnipeg.
0\E cannot help remarking that the
movement toward higher efficiency
is in its essence and entirety a challenge
to labor. It is quite obvious that lab-
or (organised or otherwise) had no
part in the birth of any system which
guaranteed increased renumeration (or
more efficient performance. Is it a
matter of surprise tl>en, that the ideas
and efforts of capital, to induce labor
to accept its propoganda, should be
treated with some suspicion? Each side
has always been prone to discern in the
other's best intentioned overtures a mo-
tive at least selfish, if not actually
hurtful. Industrial development and
progress has accentuated rather than
mitigated this distrust, until to-day we
find the two sections, like Britain and
Germany, armed to the teeth alike for
offence and defence, and each largely de-
fiant.
I cannot help believing that both capi-
tal and labor have much ground for
grievance aigainst one another, although
I should not venture to express an op-
inion as to which carries the largest
burden in that respect, but I do say
that labor has suffered and is suffering
most, by its own doings or otherwise in
some degree.
Labor Conditions in England.
tepeaking recently in Birmingham,
England, Bishop Gore, a man of broad
views and wide sympathies, said: —
"There is a profound sense of unrest
and dissatisfaction among the workers.
Recently society has been deeply alarm-
ed at its symptoms. I cannot but be-
lieve that this profound discontent is
jtutUied, though some particular exhibi-
tfou of it are not. The longer I have
lived in this great industrial centre, the
more I have felt that, ts Christians,
we are not justified in tdlerating the
conditions of life and labor! under which
*'vast mass of our population is living.
screv,yg no right to say thit these con-
inch, -g „(,t remediable. And we have
In drawing cnect that thiy will be
remember that >hristian Hfcart.s and
threads even, the thi<-jteticalhr demand
opposite those at the botfoe/altered."
number is odd, then the t)
___^ commenting
•HlBth of a aertn of an Inr ^^ °"* *'h"
has seriously considered the facts and
figures can doubt that the bishop is
right, and that the working classes are
right in asking more and nrwre persist-
ently, whether their share of the pro-
ducts of labor and capital is adequate.
There is no reason to be afraid of this
discontent of the people, because it is
something more hopeful for them than a
listless tolerance of their present intol-
erable conditions."
Labor Conditions Anywhere.
What is true of England is just as
true of any country, and be assured no
system of scientific management backed
up by the "twelve principles of effi-
ciency" will effect the desired remedy.
It is much like the methods adopted by
churches, young men's Christian associa-
tions in reformation work. They wall-in
the renegade by precept and regulation
to such an extent that he can only ex-
ist by propping-up, which, if withdrawn,
leaves him more helpless than he was
originally and probably worse off. The
factory operator who is systematised
sinks his initiative and individuality to
become an automation, and will prob-
ably find when it is too late that there
are different degrees of its efficiency, as
well as that of men.
If capital or employers would ponder
the question for a moment, and realize
clearly that accident of birth, opportun-
ity, circumstance and bank balance are
after all the main distinctions between
them and their employes, and that each
man of the latter has a limit of endurance
under conditions more or less exacting,
there would be fewer whisperings of the
octopus tyranny of the forn^er and dast-
ardly tactics of the latter. There are
good and bad in each class, which of it-
self is of course not very comforting,
but is it too much to ask of the former,
that they influence their fellows, and so
bring about a higher sense of duty and
of such reciprocial nature, that there
will neither be the extreme of loafing
on the one hand nor slave driving on the
other.
Be sure that the race suicide, which
would make a man into a machine
wound up at 7 a.m. and 1 p.m., and
i^iiaranteed to deliver a definite output
each r> hours, will meet with a more
strenuous opposition than that other
and perhaps resultant feature with
wlij(;li we have now become so familiar.
MODERN MANAGEMENT NOTES.
TirASHINGTON, D.C., Oct. 10, 1911.
** — The House Committee on Labor
recommends that at the regular session
of Congress beginning in December the
so-called ' Taylor system, and simi-
lar systems of shop management be in-
vestigated, in order that "whatever
may be good in any of them may be ap-
proved and applied, and whatever there
may be bad may be condemned and el-
iminated."
Secretary Meyer has appointed a
board of naval officers, headed by Rear
Admiral Vreeland, to prepare the neces-
sary instructions for putting "modern
management methods" into the navy
yards. The board will try to deter-
mine how to utilize the personnel of
ships in making repairs at yards. It
will try to decided to what extent naval
officers should be trained in the shops;
also what proportion of the two years'
cruise of midshipmen should be spent in
practical work at navy yards. In short,
Mr. Meyer will try to systematize op-
erations of the navy yards in such a
way as to bring them more in harmony
with the most efficient methods of the
highest class civil establishments.
STEEL PRICES AND WAGES.
"The possibility of lower wages in
the steel and iron trade is being ser-
iously" discussed," says the Iron Age,
adding: "In the opinion of some manu-
facturers it is inevitable that labor
will share the hardships which the trade
is undergoing."
In 1898 nearly all steel and iron pro-
ducts sold at the lowest prices ever
known in this country. Partly to rem-
edy that distressful condition the big
steel combinations were formed, culmi-
nating three years later in the Billion-
Dollar Steel Trust. Also, ownership of
the best ore and coke supplies were
gathered into a few hands. Now the
price of sheet steel is as low as in
1898. The labor cost, according to the
Age, is two dollars a ton less; but the
bars from which it is made are five dol-
lars a ton higher, and "it is hard to
see how independent mills are living. .
. . . Nor is there any living profit
for a wire mill buying its rods at
twenty-six dollars and selling plain
wire at a cent and forty-five hundredths
a pound." *
C A N A 1) I A N M A C II 1 iN E R Y
■.ili
The Trust, of course, doesn't have to
buy rods at twenty-six dollars or bars
at twenty-one. It makes both out of
its own iron ore and coke; and it is not
within the power of all the attorney-
generals in Christendom to disperse the
ownership of the ore and coke as it was
in the nineties. The cuts fall hardest
upon certain independent makers of fin-
ished products, who may have to call
upon labor to "share their hardships"
as though labor didn't have enough hard-
ships of its own which nobody shares,
and though the labor cost, as to sheet
steel at least, is two dollars a ton less
than in 1898.
That is what free con^jpetition usually
gets round to— a reduction of wages and
then a bigger combination. It is very
well known that a great number of steel
and iron workers now make barely a liv-
ing wage, though they perform twelve
hours of gruelling labor daily.— Ex.
Shop Floors *
(By Leonard C. Watson.)**
T^O floor surface is perfect from every
|:oint of view. The question of
what floor to adopt for a shop is there-
fore always a choice between different
combinations of good and less good
qualities. While the factor of cost is
apt to be considered the dominating
one, there are many situations in which
cheapness is not the most important
item in the choice of a floor ; or to
put the matter a little differently, it is
Sometimes economy to discard the floor
that is cheapest in first cost for a dif-
ferent floor of higher cost and which
will justify its higher cost because of
its better adaptation to the particular
kind of service required of it. There-
fore, althongh I have been asked to
speak particularly about granolithic
floor surfaces for shops, I am not
in the attitude of advising a granolithic
floor for any and every service under
any and all conditions. The granolithic
surface has good qualities of great im-
portance and I shall give these qualities
due weight ; but I shall also point out
some of the circumstances under which
it may be better in particular cases to
use wood floors.
Considerations Affecting Choice.
In first cost, the granolithic floor sur-
face has the advantage over a wood
floor ; the cost of such a surface laid
in the best manner being about equal to
the cost of seven-eighths maple flooring
delivered at the work. Besides this ad-
••Pnnpr rend nt Ihe New York October meet-
iiier of tl'p A.S.M.E.
'•Pres'dent, Tlie Aberthaw Construction
Co.. Boston.
vantage in cost, the granolithic surface
is (ire-proof as well as waterproof, and
will not decay or disintegrate under
washing with water, which latter is
one o( the weak points of the wood
floor.
There are other considerations involv-
ed in a decision between granolithic and
wood floors, concerning which it is un-
safe to be very dogmatic without first
defining very precisely the conditions of
each particular case. Taking first, such
a matter as the wear of these two
types of floors, it is easy to see that a
wood floor is more easily repaired than
a granolithic surface, and that repairs
to a wood floor can bring it to the or-
iginal maximum elTiciency. A grano-
lithic surface can also be repaired, so
that the new patches will be quite as
good as the original surface, but the
time and care required is much greater
than with a wood floor. In repairing a
granolithic surface, it is necessary for
best results to cut out t-he broken or
defective portion down to the slab,
leaving the cut with vertical edges.
Next, the slab must be cut with a sand
blast or acid until the aggregate stands
out sufficiently to give a good bond for
the new surface. Then the slab and
edges of the cut, having first been well
wetted, must be grouted with neat
cement mortar, on which the new finish
is laid before the grout has set. Fin-
ally, the patch must be kept wet, and
protected from use for at least a week.
Being rarely possible to satisfy all these
necessary conditions, it is therefore true
in average practice that repaired por-
tions of granolithic floors are inferior
to the original surface in wearing
quality.
Workmanship a Factor in Comparisons.
In this contrast between the wood and
granolithic floors we have to deal with
the question of workmanship. With a
maple top floor, the difference in wear-
ing quality between a floor laid by a
first class carpenter and the floor laid by
a merely average carpenter, is compara-
tively slight ; but with the granolithic
finish, ignorant or hasty work is dis-
astrous almost from the outset. The
granolithic finish, to give good service,
must be laid according to right theory,
and every step .in the workmanship
must be first class. It is not at all dif-
ficult to get a first class granolithic
surface if one starts out with a deter-
mination to have it. Good works costs
very little more than poor work. It
must be admitted, however, that a great
many granolithic floors have been un-
satisfactory. Poor workmanship and
wrongly chosen materials are the rea-
sons.
Granolithic Surface Operatives' Health.
Among objections which have l^een
raised to the granolithic surface, one of
the most prominent is the bad effect of
the concrete floor upon the health and
comfort of the operatives who stand
upon it. There seems to be little doubt
that long standing in one position on a
concrete floor is not good for the op-
erative. The reason, for such ill-eflects
as occur, is not the excessive hardness
of the concrete floor, as generally sup-
posed, but its great heat absorbing
power. Wood is a poor conductor, a
poor radiator, and therefore in general
a pretty effective insulator ; but when
an operative stands for hours on a con-
crete floor, the heat of his body is con-
ducted from his boot soles into the con-
crete rather rapidly. In consequence of
this drawing away of the body heat,
feet and legs become more or less
chilled, the circulation in the legs is
slackened, and pressure on the skin ot
the feet, coupled with this sluggishness
of circulation, due to the loss of heat,
may easily give rise to sore feet and to
various pains which are commonly class-
ed under the head ot "rheumatism."
That these bad effects do occur, has
conclusively appeared in investigation of
the whole question made by the Aber-
thaw Construction Company about a
year ago. For operatives who are mov-
ing about while at their work, or who
wear thick-soled boots, this excessive
extraction ot the body heat by the con-
crete floor is a negligible matter, but
for men working steadily at machines in
one position, some insulation is requir-
ed. It is the practice in many machine
shops to give the men footboards or
gratings of wood on which to stand.
These do away altogether with any ill-
effects from the concrete floor.
Durability of Granolithic Fiooisv.
Granolithic floors have been attacked*
as not sufficiently durable under the-
rough usuage of the machine shops and.
foundries. Here, again, we have to take
into consideration the all important
item of materials, workmanship, and
theory of construction. Nothing but the
hardest natural stone in the way of a
masonry floor can long withstand the
wear of heavy trucking. The usual
form of truck is provided with small
diameter wheels having a flat tread and
sharp edges, and such wheels, with the
tilting or slewing of trucks, always in
evidence in turning corners, will gouge
and dig into any kind ot floor. The
granolithic finish can, however, be made
with such a high percentage ot tough
elastic aggregate, that the wear of
trucking is borne almost exclusively by
the aggregate itself. Nothing but steel
and granite can outwear such a floor.
It is the part of wisdom,, in laying
granolithic floors over which there is
heavy truck traffic along certain lines,
to provide steel plates or gratings pro-
perly set in the concrete to form lanes
or tracks for heavy trucks.
324
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Tools, Processes and Products as Floor
Factors.
The nature of the tools, processes and
products in a given shop bear on the
decision between granolithic and wood
floors. An edged tool dropped edge down
on a granolithic floor would be damaged
by the impact, while the same toql dropp-
ed edge down on a wood floor would aig
into the wood and probably suffer no
damage. Also, a manufactured product
Consisting of delicate metal pieces would
be much more damaged by falling on a
cement floor than on a wood floor. Still
further, the dust produced by the wear
of some granolithic surfaces has proved
harmful to delicate machinery in some
shops. The wood floor does not of itself
produce a dust capable of any visible
action as an abrasive. It is possible,
however, by glueing battleship linoleum
to a concrete floor to get many of the
advantages of a wood surface. Tools
and small manufactured articles are as
little likely to break by falling on a
linoleum surface as upon wood. The
linoleum is without the innumerable
cracks of the wood floor and therefore
is much more easily kept perfectly free
from dust. Linoleum is also an efficient
insulation against loss of body heat to
the concrete floor.
High resistance to wear of every sort
and practically complete dustlessness,
that is to say, freedom from the pro-
duction of abrasive dust, can be secured
in a granolithic surface properly made.
It is always better that a granoUMix
finish should be laid on the floor slab
while the latter is stall green. A ".tetter
bond between the finish and the slab
can b^ obtained in this way 'han is
possible after the slab has fully set. Un-
fortunately, the Conditions governing
the erection of concrete buildings usual-
ly put oH the laying of the floor finish
until all the rest of the building is
practically completed, and t'uis in-
volves the need of using great en re in
cleaning and roughening the sl.ib sur-
face, so that the granolithic finish laid
upon it will get the best possible bond
with the slab. Ordinarily, the fnish
need not be more than three-quarters of
an inch thick. Both for wearing capa-
city and for the avoidance of dust
through abrasion of the concrete, the
granolithic finish should contain the
highest possible proportion of tjugh
stone aggregate.
Constituents for Durability and
Dustlessness.
For the most durable and most nearly
dustless floor, my rule is this: First, it is
better to use no sand ; sand grains are
brittle, are early broken by the abras-
ion of feet, and cause dustiness. Use
for an aggregate, a stone suitable for
macadam road, taking the sizes that
pass through a half-inch round mesh
screen, and nothing smaller than that
passed by a 20 mesh screen. Mix the
concrete dry, of a consistency used in
making blocks, so that considerable
tamping will be required to bring to the
surface enough water for trowelling.
Finally, do the trowelling before the
mortar sets.
It is practicable in this way to get a
surface that is 90 per cent, hard stone.
The mortar, of course, wears more
quickly, but its small area makes the
results of this wear unobjectionable.
Prolonged trowelling of a wet mixture
brings to the top the "laitance" of
the concrete, which is the part incap-
able of a true set. A top layer of
"laitance" is therefore porous and wears
down quickly. Even fine particles of good
cement should not be brought to the
top, for tiey form a layer which is
weakly bonded to the rest of the con-
crete, which wears away quickly, and
appear in the air as dust.
The Joliette Steel and Iron Foundry Co., Ltd., Joliette, P.Q.
By L. G. Dennison, B.A., B.Sc*
Being a brief outline description of the Dominion's latest steel foundry enterprise, and
which has proven by operation and output to be able to cater to and command a
steady and important machinery m,anufacturers' connection.
'pHE progress of Canada's develop-
*• ment is daily indicated fully and
clearly by the addition of new plants
to cope with the increasing demand for
new or larger quantity industrial pro-
ducts. The Joliette Steel & Iron
Foundry Co., .Joliette, P.Q., have re-
cently introduced themselves to pur-
chasers of steel castings, and as show-
ing their entry into this domain to have
been warranted, and their ability to de-
liver both quantity and quality output,
projected extensions are already on the
tapis to meet insistent demand. Iron
foundry products as well as those from
the steel foundry form a large part of
the firm's business. Each is, however,
distinct from the other, and only that
referring to the steel section will be
dealt with in this paper.
The buildings occupy a ground area 90
by 120 feet, to which a length addition
of 50 feet is immediately contemplated.
* Asaociatc editor, Montreal.
The power house is located at the rear
of the right wing.
Foundry Equipment.
The main molding floor is served by
a 45-foot span crane of 30,000 pounds
capacity, manufactured and installed by
the company, and operated by three
Westinghouse D.C. motors of 5, 7 and
10 h.p. respectively. The cupola and
converters are placed at the rear end of
the foundry, the two latter being set
low, and with the ground dug out in
front for ladle filling convenience. The
cupola is set on the first platform and
Joliette Steel & Iron Foundry, Ltd.— Main Works Building.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
325
charged from the second, to which the
charging material is carried by an ele-
vator. The port of the cupola is about
7 feet from the edge of the platform,
and discharges into a trough about 7 J
feet long with a hole in the bottom just
beyond the platform edge. This in turn
discharges into a trough exactly similar
to the other except that it is capable of
plating machines, the advantages of both
being obtained. Thus the large quant-
ity of solution used in the horizontal
type is combined with the convenience of
the oblique barrel as regards inspection
and removal of the work. The barrel
bottom is perforated and covered with
cocoanut matting; this having been
proved durable and satisfactory for the
ic, have all been shown to produce
effects more or less pronounced, and
close attention to these elements is a
matter of importance to every foundry-
man operating along modern lines. It
is now one of the first essentials in
foundry practice to become familiar
with these ingredients of cast iron, and
to maintain a vigilant care that their
.Toilette Steel & Iron Foundry, Ltd. — Foundr.v Interior.
The JoUette Steel & Iron Foundry, Ltd.— StceJ Y-Plpe Casting.
swinging, so as to pour into the con-
verter or ladles placed within its 7 feet
radius.
Ten, five, three and one-ton ladles, to-
gether with the usual smaller units
form an equipment both serviceable and
highly satisfactory. A full and varied
assortment of molding boxes of latest
pattern lends facilities for overtaking
work of much variety of size and form.
The drying ovens 11 by 15 by 8 feet
high are provided with convenient shel-
ves and truck tracks reaching out into
the shop for crane loading or unloading
purposes.
Power Equipment.
Power is obtained from S. Vessorts'
hydro station on the river, and the
main drive is from a 40 h.p., d.c. mot-
or. A shunt wound dynamo supplies
current of 220 volts to the overhead
crane, and a 115 volt, 130 ampere ma
chine takes care of the welding section.
Compressed air is of course largely used
throughout the plant for the operation
of labor saving tools, etc. Altogether,
this plant has the nucleus of great
possibilities, and we believe that at
no very distant date, increased success
and growth will be the portion of its
promoters.
MECHANICAL PLATING BARREL.
A new mechanical plating barrel lias
been invented and patented by G. L. Wal-
lace of the Harshaw, Fuller & Goodwin
Co., New York, who are placing it upon
the market. As will be seen from the il-
lustration the barrel is a combination
of the horizontal and oblique types of
purpose. Two inclined rolls in the bot-
tom of the tank support the barrel,
which is driven by a spur gear at the
end.
Inside and out side anodes are used,
and the inside anode, located directly
over the work, is so fastened that it can
Mechanical Plating Barrel.
be swung out of the way when the bar-
rel is removed. The cathode connection
is hinged for the same reason.
The barrel is 30 inches diameter by 30
inches deep and is probably the largest
made.
STRENGTH OF CAST IRON.
By. C. T. R.
A I^ARGE volume of data has been pre-
■^^ sented by various observers, deal-
ing with the influence of the well-known
metalloids upon the strength of cast
iron. Silicon, sulphur, phosphorus, man-
ganese and carbon combined and graph-
percentages remain within limits that
are best suited to the type of work
that is being made. By so doing, a
very large proportion of foundry trou-
bles can be avoided, and with the
knowledge thus afforded, it is possible
to locate, readily, casting difficulties
that may arise.
It is not the intention at present, to
deal with this branch of the subject,
but rather to direct attention to the
fact that even when the composition of
iron in relation to the common metal-
loids is maintained at a standard, the
strength of the metal as shown by test
bars may vary widely. The writer has
met with cases in which for a period of
some weeks, the transverse strength, of
one inch square bars broken on twelve
inch centres, has run 200 to 300 pounds
lower than the standard strength for
the foundry in question, falling, let us
say, from an average of 3,000 pounds to
an average of 2,700 pounds.
Variation in Transverse Strength.
The causes of these conditions are
far from being as well understood as we
could wish, but they are generally trace-
able to melting conditions, either in
the foundry or in tihe blast furnaces,
where the pig iron has been produced.
It has become more common to meet
with references to oxidized metal during
recent years, although the nature of the
oxidization is not very clear. The num-
erous alloys on the market, as correc-
tives of this oxidization, find their sale
largely through a reality of the conSi-
tion. It seems stranqre that oxidation
of a metal containine: considerable per-
centages of silicon and carbon should
326
CANADIAN MACHINERY
occur, and until the subject is made
clearer, it is not well to place too
much emphasis upon the descriptive
term "oxidized," although the term
serves to describe a condition, and in
the meantime may be accepted. The
(oundrjrman who is responsible tor the
evils due to faulty cupola practice,
should make sure that the conditions of
melting that be is following are cor-
rect. He should take particular care
that the coke bed is maintaine<l at the
Fig 1.— Microphotojrraph of Coarse Bronze
Powder.
correct height, for if it falls too low,
oxidized metal will probably be the re-
sult ; while if it rises too high, not
only will fuel be wasted, but it is be-
lieved that the the condition of the car-
bon in the iron may be so modified as
to yield a weaker casting. In relation
to blast, there has of late been a grow-
ing conviction that high pressure, once
quite popular with some melters, is a
mistake, and that the most desirable
condition provides for an ample volume
of air at very moderate pressure.
Charging should be uniform and level,
while quantities of scrap, either exces-
sively rusted, or otherwise undesirable,
shonld be avoided.
Melting Conditions at Blast Fnmaoes.
Wben all has been done by the foun-
dryman, under conditions which are
standard, and every precaution has been
taken to ensure good results, the fact
remains that melting conditions at the
blast furnace may produce a pig iron
with the correct percentages of metal-
loids indeed, but yet unsuitable for pro-
ducing the best casting, especially with
relation to strength. This is a matter
calling for the attention of the furnace
manager. The nature of the ore smelt-
ed, particularly In regard to the ease
with which it is reduced, seems to enter
into the problem, and it is known that
furnaces using a large percentage of
mill cinder, which is not easily reduced,
do not produce the most desirable
grades of pig, from the standpoint of
the foundryman in search of strong
casting!.
We do not wish to place too much
emphasis upon this phase of the sub-
ject, as the furnace is too frequently
blamed for the faults of the foundry,
but we believe, nevertheless, that there
remains a field for investigation in re-
gard to the influence of the ore upon
the grade of the resulting pig iron.
The subject is still in the controversial
stage, and there are those who main-
tain that the furnace burden does not
enter into the matter, except in so far
as it influences the percentage of the
well recognized metalloids. It has come
under the observation of the writer
that irons from the same furnaces, and
of practically the same analysis have
given widely difterent stren^gths under
standard cupola practice in more than
one foundry. At the same time, and
under these conditions, it seems most
reasonable to assume that the cause
lies in the general conditions prevailing
at the blast furnace.
not sharp as they are, and does not pen-
etrate the muscles of the throat. The
effect of bronze powders is more of cop-
per poisoning than that of dust. — Brass
World.
BRONZE POWDERS AND BRONZ-
ING.
A Commission recently appointed by
the British Government to inquire into
the condition of the bronze powder and
bronzing industry in England with refer-
ence to the health of the employes, have
rendered their report.
They say, iu their report, that bronze
powders are made mainly in Nuremberg,
Furth, and neighboring towns in Bav-
aria. They are not made in England
and consequently they were not able to
see the process of manufacture. They
state as follows: "We are informed that
the powder is produced from thin sheets
of metal leaf by rubbing them through
the meshes of fine wire sieves, and that
the waste from metal leaf (Dutch
metal) factories, in addition to new
metal, is used for this purpose. After
the addition of oil, the mixture is
ground in suitable machines to the re-
quisite degree of fineness; the greater
part of the oil is then extracted by
placing the mass in water and then sub-
jecting it to strong pressure."
Several analyses of bronze powders
were made in the Government labora-
tory ana the following results were ob-
tained.
The green, pink, violet and other col-
ored powders are the regular bronze
powders colored with analine dyes. The
largest consumers of bronze powders are
the lithographers.
The investigation indicated that bronz-
ing machines are now supplanting hand
bronzing, with the accompanying
safety of the operatives. Bronze powder
inhaled does not have the bad effect of
emery or steel dust from grinding oper-
ations and is not apt to bring on pul-
monary troubles like them. The dust is
AVOID BEING A QUITTER.
"The man who tries and fails, may
oftentimes be excused, because of his
attempting that for which he was not
prepared, but oftentimes the unprepared
li'ig. 2. — Mlcrophotograph of Fine Bronze
Powder.
man gives up when failure seems to be
hanging over his head — ^he is a quitter
and is shunned by his fellow men — it's
hard to respect the man who has lost
faith in himself, and it's few who do
respect him. Oftentimes a few encourag-
ing words from a close friend prevents
a man' from letting go his hold on this
life. If wc could but know when a man
is ready to quit, a great many, so-call-
ed, failures would not be — but the line
between success and failure is so fine
that at certain times one never knows
upon which side his shadow falls.
Failure which comes from giving up
hope, is merely the evidence ©f man-
hood which is lacking. Manliness is one
of the most respected virtues which wo
may possess ; it will with the help of
health and industry bring that prosperi-
ty which so many men desire ; so create
it, cultivate it, should it not be inborn,
and tihus prepare thyself against those
things which make out of man— a quit-
ter."
The effect of vacuum upon the steam
consumption of a turbine is strikingly
shown by the reports of a recent test on
a one thousand-killowatt machine in
which the consumption increased forty
per cent, with a decrease in vacuum
from twenty-nine to twenty-one inches.
It's rash to wish all the fools were
dead. Some of our best friends would
be missing and lots of us who remained
would have to move down several notches
in the scale of merit.
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Elstablishment or Elnlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants. Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining News.
FOUNDRY AND MACHINK SHOP.
Moose Jaw, Sask. — The Saskatebewan Bridge
and Iron Co., tupitalized at $250,000, liave de-
cided to estalillsh here. They will manufac-
ture bridge and structural iron worlt ou a
large scale, including machine building, boiler
mailing and repairing, iron and brass found-
ing. The main building of the new plant is
to be ZOOx'.lO feet. Excavation will probably
be completed this fall and the building will
be proceeded with in the early spring.
Calgary, .\lta. — At the annual meeting of the
C.P.K. held recently in Montreal, It was de-
cided to award the new Western shops to
Calgary. Nothing definite as yet can be
learned about the size of the buildings or the
estimated cost. In addition to repairing the
rolling stock, cars for the system in Western
Canada will be built here.
New Westmlnnler, B.C. — The Hamilton Steel
Works, of Hamilton, Ont., have secured a
splendid site here on the waterfront at a cost
of $700,000 and will proceed to erect a plant.
Ingersoll, Ont. — The John Morrow Screw,
Ltd., will still further increase their plant
here during the present year. They will erect
a ?15,000 building for the manufacture of
twist drills.
Medicine Hat, Alta.— W. E. Martin and
others are establishing an industry here to
manufacture gas drilling tools.
Smith's Falls, Ont. — An addition Is being
made to the foundry of Frost & Wood at a
cost of $25,000.
Amherst, N.S. — The new car shops In place
of those which were burned out some months
ago, are rapidly nearing completion. A new
varnish shop 160x50 feet and a large exten-
sion to the passenger shed, 200x160 feet is al-
so under construction. An order for 1500 box
cars and eight snow plows has been received
from the C.N.R. and another order has lately
been placed for thirty gypsum cars for a
Newfoundland company.
Wetland, Ont. — There is a possibility of the
Union Furnace Co., of Buffalo, locating in
Canada with a view to assembling Lake Su-
perior pig iron for conversion Into car wheels.
The company Is owned and operated by L. C.
Hanna & Co., of Cleveland, and has flvo furn-
aces in operation in Buffalo.
Calgary, Alta. — Craddock & Sweeney have
secured the contract for the erection of the
civic storehouse and machine shop in Victoria
Park. Their tender Is $29,292.95.
Farnham, Que. — The Pickering Patent
Wheel Co. are est:i!>lio''ing a factor} here to
manufacture all kinds of wheels.
Oranby, Que. — The ratepayers are being
called upon to grant a loan of $5,000 to the
Granby Hardware Co., who desire to estab-
lish here.
Vancouver, B.C. — The plans of the C.P.R.
regarding the establishment of shops at Co-
quitlnm will not be effected by the establish-
ment of shops at Calgary. In connection
with the new freight terminal and distribu-
tion yards at Conuitlam, car-bnildlng and re-
pair shops will be established to look after
the needs of the system In British Columbia.
Vancouver, B.C.— ^2,000,000 of English capi-
tal has been secured for extending the busi-
ness of E. H. Heaps & Co., lumber manufac-
turers. Arrangements have been completed
for the erection of modern machine shops for
the manufacture of internal combustion en-
gines, motor cars. taxi-cabs, commercial
trucks and motor Are apparatus. The ma-
chinery for this portion of the enterprise will
be imported from England.
Fort William, Ont. — H. .T. Varlow, late of
the C.P.R. mechanlcol department, has opened
a new machine shop here on George Street.
He will do all kinds of repairing and make a
specialty of brass founding. Mr. Varlnw will
also Instal machinery for making repairs to
gasoline engines, valves, brass work in the
rough, besides nil kinds of mechanical engin-
eering, stenm-fltting and steam heating.
Prince Rupert, B.C. — Mr. Love has opened a
new machine and engineering shop here un-
der the title of the Imperial Machine Works.
The equipment consists of all the necessary
machines for repairing machinery and en-
gines, as well as general mannfacturlng.
Port Arthur, Ont. — An Industry, the direc-
torate of which Is composed entirely of
women, Is looking for a site In Canada for
the location of a plant for the manufacturing
of steel tanks. Industrial Commissioner Nelll
is endeavoring to secure this Industry for the
city. The company is operating plants In the
United States and owing to the great demand
for their product, they have decided to es-
tablish another plant. The barrels are elec-
trically welded, not a single rivet being used
in the construction.
Brandon, Man. — The McConneil Iron Works
have purchased the plant of the Brandon Im-
plement Co. and are now in control of the
property known as the Brandon Machine
Works. They will carry on an extensive re-
pair business and engage in certain lines of
manufacture.
Transcona, Man. — The total cost of the
G.T.P. shops here will be about $6,000,000 and
from three to five thousand men will be em-
ployed. When finished, the pay-roll will ag-
gregate from $300,000 to $400,000 a month.
X,ondon, Ont. — Work w'ill soon be under-
taken on the new civic workshops and storage
houses to be erected by the waterworks de-
partment.
.Sherbrooke, Que. — The Canadian Rand Co.
are erecting a 100 ft. addition to their present
foundry, adding 75 feet to their other shop
and erecting a large building for the storage
of patterns. Several new and up-to-date ma-
chines are also being installed in their ma-
chine shop.
Ottawa, Ont. — It has been announced that
Ottawa and Montreal have won out against
the West and will be the sites for the big
repair shops and work shops for the Canadian
Northern Railway.
WlnnipeK, Man. — The Great Northern Rail-
way has awarded to J. McDlarmld Co. the
contract for all the new Winnipeg shops to
be located at River Heights. The structure
to be erected this fall includes four stall en-
gine houses, a yard office, section foremen's
house, coaling platform and some other small
b.uildings. The site will be known as Oak
Point Junction.
Vancouver, B.C. — Steps are being taken by
Vancouver capitalists to establish a steel
rolling mill at Steel City. At a meeting of
those Interested, In the otTlce of G. M. Glbbs,
W. Brown, a prominent engineer, outlined the
plans and a company for the time being, capi-
talized at $200,000, has been organized.
Berlin, Ont.— The Ontario Adjustable Hub
& Wheel Co., capitalized at $100,000, con-
templates establishing here. They will manu-
facture a hub for wheels used on automobiles,
wagons and other vehicles.
•West Toronto, Ont. — A $30,000 addition is
being made to the plant of the Russell Motor
Car Co.
Wlleox, Sask. — Wallace & Hadley have
about completed a new machine shop and
garage at a total cost of $10,000. The building
is 100 X 28 feet, with a separate office 20x22
feet.
Fort William, Ont. — The Universal Truck
Co. contemplate establishing a plant here.
Hamilton, Ont. — The Overland Automobile
Co. are taking steps to build a plant at
some point in Ontario.
London, Ont. — The Hiirding .\utomobIle Co.
have been offered inducements to transfer
their plant from here to Newmarket.
Clinton, Ont. — The Clinton Motor Car Co.,
capitalized at $100,000, will locate a factory
here.
Woodstock, Ont. — The assets of the Max-
imilian Tool & Machine Co. have been sold to
W. D. Karn, a director of the company, for
the sum of $6,500. The company was formed
by .T. B. Porter, of Buffalo, to manufacture
pneumatic hammers.
Peterborough, Ont. — The assets of the Rapid
Tool Co., insolvent, are being offered for sale.
Sudbnry, Ont. — The Sudbury Construction
& Machinery Co. have erected a large addi-
tion to their present plant. It consists of a
building 80 x 120 feet, of cement and steel
construction throughout. The building is be-
ing equipped with a twenty-ton travelling
crime and the very latest patterns of machine
tools. It will be ready for occupation by
the first of the new year.
Ottawa, Ont. — The C.P.R. roundhouse which
Is being built at a cost of $ii9.000 will be com-
pleted by December 1st. Close to the round-
house a store and oil house will be built.
New Westminster, B.C. — The Schaake Ma-
chine Works, 325 Front street, have made ap-
plication for lease of several water lots on
Lnlu Island as site for machine works, to
cost $50,000.
Port Arthur. Ont. — It Is the Intention of
the Atikokan Iron Co. to double the capacity
of their furnace plant at Port Arthur, and to
establish a foondry.
Welland, Ont.— The Rolling Mill Depart-
ment of the Canadian Steel Foundries, Wel-
land, Ont., which is undergoing Improvement,
will likely be in operation some time in De-
cember.
MCNICIPAI,.
Calgary, Alta. — Several Improvement by-
laws were passed by the burgesses. Trunk
sewer, $14,000; conduit extensions, $30,000;
sewer connections, $42,000; waterworks ex-
tensions, $305,000 and street railway exten-
sions, $:<75,000.
Dnrham, Ont. — The ratepayers have given
their assent to a by-law to raise $8,000 for ,a
waterworks system.
North Vancouver, B.C. — The ratepayers
passed the money by-laws for streets main-
tenance, waterworks, school site purchase and
Are protection.
Wynyard, Sask. — The town council passed
a by-law to raise $7,000 for a municipal rink.
Mellta, Man. — The ratepayers defeated the
gas by-law calling for an expenditure of $4,-
000.
Dnnnvllle, Ont. — A by-law calling for an
expenditure of $21,000 for a waterworks sys-
tem will likely be submitted to the rate-
payers.
Forest, Ont. — The ratepayers will likely be
called upon to authorize the installation of a
waterworks system.
Sombra, Ont. — The municipality Is taking
steps to borrow $6,000 for drainage purposes.
Claresholm, Alta. — The town is taking steps
to Install a waterworks system at a cost of
$8,500.
Moose Jaw, Sask. — On November 3, the
ratepayers will vote on a by-law to raise
$550,000 for the purpose of extending the
waterworks.
Walnwright, Alia. — On Not. 2, the rate-
payers will be called upon to vote $7,000 for
the purpose of building a municipal rink.
Edmonton, Alta. — A vote was taken in Ed-
monton to see whether the city would grant
a franchise to the Universal Gas Co. or erect
a municipal plant and the latter was favored
by a large majority.
Oalt, Ont. — The by-law to raise $10,000 for
waterworks purposes was carried by the rate-
payers.
Reglna, Sask. — The following by-laws were
passed by the ratepayers: Street Railway,
$400 000; trunk sewer, $150,000; waterworks.
$150,000; subway. $120,000; sidewalks and
pavements, $77,800 and exhibition buildings,
$35,000.
St. Boniface, Han. — There Is a movement on
foot here looking towards the establishment of
a gas plant.
Edmonton, Alta. — During the coming finan-
cial year, upwards of $1,000,000 will be ex-
pended on waterworks and sewers.
ELECTRICAL.
St. Mary's Ont. — The Niagara" power exten-
sion by-law to raise $15,000 for electric power
distribution was passed by the ratepayers.
Innisfall, Alta. — The ratepayers have sanc-
tioned a by-law to raise $16,000 for an electric
light and power plant.
Waterford, Ont. — The ratepayers will short-
ly be called upon to pass a by-law providing
$7,000 for the installation of an electric light
plant.
Berlin, Ont. — The Ontario Railway and
Municipal Board has validated the by-law to
raise $20,000 for Improvements to the lighting
plant, which the ratepayers defeated.
Lindsay, Ont. — The ratepayers carried the
by-law to grant a franchise to the Electrical
Power Co. Two by-laws were before the
people, one to give the franchise and the other
to buy the local plant and Inaugurate muni-
cipal ownership.
Thamesford. Ont. — The ratepayers passed
two by-laws, one to purchase power from the
Hydro-Electric Commission, and the other to
raise $6,000 for a local plant and appliances.
RIdgetown, Ont. — At the coming municipal
elections the ratepayers will likely vote on
the question of buying the local electric light
plant from W. H. McMockon.
Outlook, Sask. — The council Is endeavoring
to secure an electric light plant for the town.
Several estimates have been submitted but
they have been considered prohibitive.
SAW AND PLANtNO MILLS.
New Westminster, B.C. — The Crown Timber
& Trading Co.. of Vancouver, are establishing
a lumber mill here to serve the Interests of
British Columbia and Alberta.
6»
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Brmalfcrd. Ont. — Are.T & O'Laugblin Lumber
I'o.'t plauliig lulll suSvred a luss u( $1,000 by
flre
Chalham. Oat. — Tbe large (aw mill of Nell
Wntsou, of Mall, wtis <.-oiupletely destroyed by
flrv r^-eatly. The loss is estimated at $10,000,
witb ouly $1,S00 iiisuniiice.
UraBdirtow, Mmn. — T. A. Burrows' planing
mill at Blrcb River was damaged by fire, but
the loes Is fully covered by insurance.
Calsmrr, Alia The Hiverside Lumber Co.
will erect a box factory bere as an addition
to tbelr already large plant. It will employ
about 100 more men.
>»rt Fraarea, Oat. — The Helns Lumber Co.
are contemplating tbe establishment of a saw
mill and plant bere.
Kork Island, Que. — Butterfleld's have about
completed tbelr new wood shop, and will em-
ploy eight men.
Bedford, Que. — Best Bros, are building a
sash and door factory here. 36x50 ft. and
equipped with the latest modern machinery.
An electric light plant will be run in con-
nection with the factory.
BCILDINO NOTES.
Moatreal. Que.— The C. P. K. announce that
tbev will spend over five million dollars In ex-
tending and rebuilding hotels. The whole
system from the Atlantic to the rncific will
undergo extensions and alterations.
Vaacoavrr, B.C. — Plans bare been filed for
tbe new Dominion Government warehouse to
be ere.ted at a cost of $330,000. It will be
siv storeys high and 101x130 feet.
Gurlph, Oat. — Tbe new Homewood Sanitar-
ium Is being rebuilt at a cost of $200,000. The
work will be c:oinpletcd by April 1, 1912.
VaBraavrr, B.t'. — $SOO,000 covers the esti-
mates of tbe contractors ror the steel viaduct
across the arm of False Creek. The rate-
payers will be asked to vote tbe necessary
ui.'ney at tbe forthcoming elections.
Klagstoa, Oat. — Boston capitalists are pre-
paring to ere<-t n $200,000 hotel bere next
spring. The clly is lielng asked to guarantee
the bonds of the company to the extent of
$100,000.
Vaacoaver. B.C. — Oliver LIghtheart has pre-
pared plans for a seven-storey apartment
bouse, to cost about $300,000.
Calcary, Alta. — T. .T. S. Skinner will erect
a ten storey block here, to cost about $250,000.
Taraato, Oat. — The publication board of the
Baptists are preparing to erect an eigbt-
storey building here. This announcement was
niihle at tiic Montreal ciMiventlon recently.
\ irtoria, B.C.— The Oddfellows are contem-
plating the erection of a three-storey build-
ing, to cost $140,000.
Victoria, B.C.— Atkinson & Dill, contractors,
have secureil a permit for a six-storey build-
ing to cost Jl-ti.OOO. There will be 105 offices,
each with hot and cold water connections and
steam beat.
Toronto, Ont. — Geo. Wright, part owner of
the t'aer-Uowell property, is having plans
prepared for a ten-storey apartment house, to
contain 42 suites.
Moo^e Jaw, Sask. — The Canadian City &
Town Properties Co. are preparing to erect a
flvestorey building here, to cost about $300,-
000. It will be 108x125 feet.
Yorklon, Sasfc. — The Sisters of the Sacred
Sacrament, of Anton, France, are preparing
plans for a $150,000 hospital to be located
here.
GENERAL MANITACTUBING.
Gait, Ont.— P. T. & C. Appleby are erecting
a plant here for the manufacture of cement
blocks, sills and brick.
Frederlcton, N.B. — The John Palmer Co. will
erect a larrlgan factory plant here, to cost
$25,000. The new building will be of brick
and stone and 250x50 feet.
Toronto, Ont. — The Standard Silver Plate
Co. will erect a factory on Madison Avenue,
to cost $75,000.
Orangeville, Ont. — The Hamilton & Lewett
Ivnittlng Co.. of Glencoe, contemplate estab-
lishing a factory here.
St. (Stephen, N.B. — The Buffalo Fertilizer Co.
propose building a wharf and warehouse
here to cater to the eastern trade. They ex-
pect to invest $25,000 In their buildings and
plant.
London, Ont. — The Greene-Swift Co. will
add a three-storey addition to their plant
here in the spring.
TaviHtock, Ont. — Bennewitz & Shultz, of To-
ronto, contemplate establishing a factory here
to manufacture accessories for musical instru-
ments. They are seeking a loan of $6,000
from the town.
North Battleford, Sssk.— The North Battle-
ford Manufacturing Co. has decided to en-
large its plant and will erect a $50,000 fac-
tory.
London, Ont. — The Battle Creek Toasted
Corn Flakes Co. are contemplating the erec-
tion of a $6,5,000 factory in the east end.
Welland, Ont. — The Bratton Automatic Sales
Co.. manufacturers of peanut, weighing and
gum machines, are establlBhing a factory
here,
Sarnia, Ont. — $500,000 will be expended in
extending and improving the plant of the
Imperial Oil Co. here.
Vancouver, B.C.— It is said that $2,000,000
Knglish capital has been secured for the ex-
tension of the E. H. Heaps & Co. lumber busi-
ness. The company are now operating a saw-
mill, planing mill and a sash and door fac-
tory in the east end, an Hurrard Inlet. New
mills on a larger scale will be erected along-
side the existing plants. A sawmill will also
he erected at Knskin; also a planing uilil and
a sash and door factory.
South Vancouver, B.C. — The Coast Lumber
^: Fuel Co. will establish a distributing plant
here. New buiblings will be erected and
al)out 100 men employed.
NEW EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS.
Welland, Ont. — The Canadian Automatic
Transportation Co., head office, 703 Confed-
eration Life Bldg.. Toronto, C. H. Crnlgle
in charge, require lathes, drills, shapers, etc.,
all machine shop appliances, for their fac-
tory. Shop Is electric driven and has elec-
tric heating.
Weymouth, N.S. — The Blackader lumber
mill, near Weymouth, N.S., was totally de-
stroyed l)y Are October 4th, loss $25,000. They
intend building at once a wooden structure
and equipping it with nil required machin-
ery in their line; steam plant, turbines, steam
heating, dynamos, piping, saws, planers, etc.
Walkerville, Ont. — Work is in progress for
erection of a factory for tbe Auto Top Co.,
three-storey, 2.'>0x81. electric lighting, steam
heating. Machines for making auto tops, en-
gines, boilers, etc.
Brandon, Man. — Cold storage building, cost
$15,000. for Brandon Creamery Co., Brandon;
contractor, A. Newert, Brandon; two-storey,
brick exterior, electric lighting, gravel roof,
steam heating, fire, escapes, refrigerators, tie-
phones, dynamos, motors, etc.
Walkerville, Ont. — Equipment is required for
power plant for Ford iMotor Co., brick con-
strnctio". Tcicnlioncs and elevators, boiler
and engines to be purchased.
Calgary, Alta. — The Crown Lumber Co.,
grain exchange, will build a new store, cost
$5,000; frame. 32x125; electric light will be
Installed and mill machinery required.
Chatham, Ont. — The McGeaehy Dairy Co.,
Chatham, will Install boiler and engine and
latest dairy machinery and electric fittings
L
Hardening a Cutter is ttie
oniy process in its manu-
facture ttiat does not de-
pend upon meciianicai
means for its success.
The first steps in the manufacture of accurate cutters — turning the blank, boring,
cutting the teeth, etc.— are dependent upon accurate mechanical means. The
same is true of the last step — sharpening.
When it comes to hardening, the very opposite is true. No mechanical means
have been found that will successfully perform the work — all depends upon the
skill of the workmen and their experience.
Our men are highly skilled and have the experience of more than half a century
of hardening to back them.
Shall we send our Cutter List?
BROWN & SHARPE MFG. CO.
PROVIDENCE, R.I., U.S.A.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
69
SmONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades'
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. John, N.B. VancouTar. B.C.
In the UnittaStattStSitnondsMfe.Co.
THE
"GOODS"
We are all after
speed and large out-
put, and right here is
a new Tool Grinder
proposition that vit-
ally ^affects the prob-
lem.
Size It Up
Convenience, power,
a fine true wheel, in-
stant regulation of
water, high guards,
trough base and true-
ing device.
Is your present prac-
tice delivering the
goods?
16 in. and 20 in. Sizes,
THE FORD-SMITH MACHINE COMPANY
HAMILTON. ONTARIO
Portable Emery
Grinder
Take the Tool to the
Work and Save
Heavy Handling ^
We are Inven-
tors of the
Flexib'e Shaft
Forall Purposes
^m
The oldest and
largest manu-
faotureri 1 n
the world.
^^^^^bH_^^b^V
CAN FURNISH MOTOR DRIVEN WHEN DESIRED.
Write Us for Catalogue and Prioom.
STOW MFG. CO. TryZ"
E«l>UUhed 1871
General European Agent* »Selton Engineering Co., Ltd.
85 Quaan Victoria St.. LONDON, ENC.
Not an Enterprise
for the "Quitter"
"If there is one enterprise on earth," says John
Wanamaker, "that a 'quitter' should leave
severely alone, it is advertising. To make
a success of advertisiiig one mu^ be prepared
to ^ck like a barnacle on a boat's bottom.
" He mu^ know before he begins it that
he must spend money — lots of it.
" Somebody must tell him that he cannot
hope to reap results commensurate with his
expenditure early in the game.
" Advertising does not jerk ; it pulls. It
begins very gently at first, but the pull is steady.
It increases day by day and year by year,
until It exerts an irresistible power."
Don't fail to mention this paper in writing to advertisers.
70
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
Wehave the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask. us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & CO.
HE8PELER, ONT.
"CUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Our 1911 Catalogue of valu-
able information regarding
"CUSHMAN CHUCKS"
is now ready. Better write for
it. It's free on request.
Ttie Gustiman Ctiuck Go.
Hiriford, Conn., U.S.A.
tatabllshMl ue2
and steam beating In the new factory. Bulld-
Ingr now In course of erection.
Calrary, Alta. — Work is In progress for erec-
tion of a laundry to cost $10,000 for Christie
Bros." Ontario Laundry ; two storeys, 50x130.
solid brick and concrete, concrete foundation,
steam heating, electric lighting, gravel roof,
concrete Interior finish, boilers, engines, dyna-
mo, laundry machinery. ExcaTatlon being
done. Contract for superstructure not set-
tled yet.
Delhi. Ont.— The Delhi Canning Co. con-
template extensions. New macnlnery re-
quired.
Gait, Ont. — Machinery required for a factory
for Canadian Motors Limited; engine, boiler,
pressor, lathes, etc. Brick and concrete:
architect, Wm. Scott, Gnlt.
Ltfike NomininKne, Que. — Sawmill destroy-
ed on the 5th Inst. ; loss, $30,000. It will prob-
ably be rebuilt. Company will require hy-
draulic turbines, dynamos, steam power plant,
saws, planers, piping, hose, etc.
Broel<Tllle, Ont. — Kxtension to factory to
cost $2,500 on Mill Street, for n. H. Burrell
& Co., Brockville. Masonry contract, Hap-
garty & Co., Brockville: two storeys. 35x42,
brick, exhaust-steam heating, electric light-
ing. Factory machinery will be required.
Addition to factory for Cossitt Company.
Masonry contract, Pattlson & Fox, Brock-
ville: carpentry. Brown & Co.. Brockville;
two storeys. 40x50, brick, exhaust-steam heat-
ing, electric lighting, composition roofing, one
freight elevator. Factory machinery required.
TEXDEBS.
Prince Rupert, B.C. — Tenders are called for
supply of about 1,800 tons of C. I. pipe, 6 in.
to 18 in. in dia. : 38 tons special castings, a
quantity of gate valves, valve boxes and
hydrants. Received until November 20 bv CItv
Clerk. E. A. Woods; City Engineer, W. M.
Davis.
Berlin, Ont.— The County Council of Berlin
and Waterloo will purchase $;j,000 worth of
road machinery shortly.
High River, Alta.— Plans are being prepared
for water works and sewerage. Engineers,
Chlpman & Power. Mall Building, Toronto; 17
Canada Life Building, Winnipeg, and Dauph-
in, Man.
Rldgretown, Ont. — Tenders will be called
shortly for a fire pump, gasoline engine and
a producer gas engine in connection with the
new waterworks system. Engineer, C. E.
Farncombe, London.
TRADE NOTES.
The Canadian Buffalo Forge Co., Montreal,
has recently shipped a number of large steel
plate exhaust fans to various parts of Canada.
Two of the largest of these were Installed for
the Saraguay Electric and Water Co., Bordeau,
just loutside of Montreal. They are 170 inches
In diameter, and are to be used for Induced
draft for 3,000 boiler horse power. Either fan
alone has capacity to take care of the entire
plant, leaving one in reserve. The fans are
engine-driven with automatic speed regulator
valves to keep the boiler pressure uniform by
controlling the draft.
The Kelly Reamer Co., Cleveland, O., have
recently opened oftlces at 96 Reade street, New
Vork, 170 Oliver street. Boston, and 112 Queen
Victoria street, London, England.
The Siemens Bros.' Dynamo Works have
opened an office at 707 McArthur Block, Win-
nipeg.
Goold, Shapley, Mulr, Brantford, Ont., will
InKtali water system for fire protection at the
.iordan Sanltorlum. River Glade, N.B. The
system Includes a 20,000 gallon tank erected on
a 60-ft. steel tower and supplied with water
from river by a hot air engine.
At a meeting of directors of the B. Greening
VTIre Co., Ltd., held recently, Mr. H. B. Green-
ing, who has been managing-director of the
company for the last twelve months, was ap-
pointed president in place of his father, the
late Mr. S. O. Greening. The board of direc-
tors is now composed of H. B. Greening, John
Maw, N. S. Braden and R. II. Merriman. The
officers of the company are: H. B. Greening,
president and managing-director; R. H. Merri-
man, secretary; and P. J. Maw, superinten-
dent. Mr. F. ,T. Maw Is a son of John Maw
who was superintendent from the Incorpor-
ation of the company In 1889, until a few
5'ears ago when he retired from active man-
agement.
Port Colborne. — All signs point to exception-
al Industrial developments here next season.
Negotiations are under way for securing the
Tnlon Furnace Co., Buffalo, to locate here.
They manufacture car wheels, etc. The com-
pany is owned and operated by L. C. Hannu
* Co.. Cleveland, and Henry Yales, the Buffa-
lo capitalist, is president. The company will
employ two hundred men.
Doubling the size of the cement plant here
will cost $700,000, and It will employ six hun-
dred men.
The Robinson Bros. Cork Works are also
making arrangements to greatly enlarge their
SWIFT MOTOR GAR CO.
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUIF'ACTURBRS OF
THE "SWIFT'*
MARINE ENGINE
NIckelplating
AND
Canadian Oliver
Typewriter Company
275 St. Martin Street. Montreal
Phone— Uptown 1878,
Special Machinery and
Models Made to Order.
The
IMPERIAL
CHUCK
— Tiie Best for Every Purpose —
Guaranteed by us to stand any test
you may submit to it.
Try it for 30 days: if it does not
make good in every sense of the word,
send it back at our expense.
Made in Canada, so you save
foreign duty by buying the "Imperial."
Get details to-day. Send
for catalogue.
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
CANADIAN MACHINERY
71
A SMALL LATHE with a
BIG REPUTATION
For Model-Making, Motor Repairs and Small Manufactures. Self-Oiling, Sliding,
Boring, Screw-Cutting. Back-Geared, Gap Bed, with Treadle or Countershaft.
Height of centres 3i in.
Length of bed 2ft. 6 in.
Length between centres 1ft. 4 in.
Diameter of gap 9| in.
Length of gap 4 in.
Diameter over saddle 5i in.
Weight 300 lbs.
PRICE
$65
at Works in England.
This lathe enjoys an enormous reputation in England, Australia, Tasmania, New
Zealand, etc., and has been supplied to the British Admiralty, War Office, London
County Council, etc., and a large number of civil firms.
DRUMMOND BROS., Limited
Reid Hill, Guildford, Surrey, England
Code .ABC, 5th Edition.
Don't jail to mention this paper in writing to advertisers.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Ectate J. K. MacDONALD
G*B«rd HichiaUl tni BUckiailb,
L*ck(Bith, ttc.
CoBlraftsn' Iraa Work, AatomokiU Icpiirt,
Chroae Nicktl StctI Gtiri to otitt.
WRITB
0. A. HicOIIALD, 318 Criig W., MONTREAL
The 4dvai]ce Machine Works Co.
i77a Canning St., Montreal, Que.
Bentral Machine Work. Construction and
Repairs to Steam Plants, Tanneries,
Printing;, Paint and Wood Working
Plants and Installation.
OXY ACETYLENE WELDING
BRONZE-ALUMINIUM -BRASS -MANGANESE BRONZE
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
caa b« secured for any clu« of castinit* by armnBinB your mixture) by
analyaia. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN, METALLURGISTS. CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS. CORES. OILS. Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.
LCATHIR
Belt ^
Tdrowto
I rail ■■■ wiim i»riin'iii—rw'i m i ti iii giffir"-^^^-'™'--'--=^^{^itoaSM£a£iy^
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
^^or• i.ilc*ly -fco b* Aoourflk-t«.
"MORROW" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
diet over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, IN6ERS0LL
plant, .nud will double the number of their
employees.
The Chamberlain Hooklam Switch Co. will
open iin office in Montreal shortly, for the
purpose of administering their Canadian tnule.
.Mr. S. L. B. Lines, a gentleman of wide ex-
perience In the firm's business, will be In
charge. House or ear meters and Venner
automatic time switches, operated by 4r)-day
winding clocks, which switch lights on or off
in halls, streets, apartment houses as desired,
are among the specialties to be handled by the
Canadian house. This time switch has been
approved by the British Board of Trade, and
is equivalent to our Electrical Standard*
I.aboratorv. Their house meter Is claimed to
linvc a high ratio of torque to weight of mov-
ing element, thereby giving it a correspund-
Inglv high range of accuracy. A 220 volt
niclcr will give accurate readings on 110 volts
Mr. Krnest R. Sharpe is now in Canada ar-
ranging preliminaries.
The Smart-Turner Machine Co., Hamilton.
report the following orders recently received,
implex plunger pump with pot valves, the
International Harvester Co., Hamilton; cen-
tiUngal pump, the Zimnierinnn Mfg. Co..
Hamilton; duplex pump, H. H. Weiler, St.
Catharines; centrifugal pump, the Colonial
Wood Products Co., Thorold; duplex pump.
llie West Lome Canning Co., West Lome:
triplex power pump, the Vinelnnd Canning
Co., Jordan, Out.; two hydraulic pressure
pumps, the Harris Abattoir Co., Tpronto;
iluplex pump, the Beamsville Preserving Co..
Heamsviile; duplex pot valve .pump, the Gol-
die & McCuUoch Co., Gait; duplex pump, the
John C. Mundell Co.. Kiora, Out.: traveling
cranes, the Ocean Falls Co., Vancouver, B.C.;
independent jet condenser, Gunns Limited.
Toronto.
The Kerr Engine Co., Walkerville, Ont. the
well-known valve manufacturers, has com-
menced the manufacture in Canada of the
"Simmons Patent Packless Valve." better
known in the United States as the C. H. S.
packless valve. It is claimed by the manu-
facturers to be perfectly packless, and an all-
metal valve, there being no destructible com-
position rubber rings, or discs in the pack-
leas feature. The valve Is substantial in con-
struction, and one which will doubtless fill
a long felt want in the heating trade, and
especially on vacuum systems.
C. P. R. ANNU.\L MEETING.
The feature of the recent annual meeting of
the shareholders and directors of the Cana-
dian I'aciflc Railway was the general tone
of optimism visible in all the reports sub-
mitted, and a general provision all along the
lino for greater business and greater expan-
sion during the coming year.
The executive as a whole was re-elected,
and Sir William Van Home, Messrs. H. S.
Holt, E. B. Osier, K. B. .4ngns, whose terms
as (Urei-tors had expired, were again elected
to their places on tlie board
Sir Thomas Shaughnessy, on tiiking hl»
place as president of the railway, was pre-
sented with the congratulations of the share-
holders on the success of the rallwi.y during
the p:'?:t year.
Nothing was done in the nppolitr.ient of a
successor to Sir William White, altiu.ugh hl9
appointment to the board of directors to tahc
tiie place of the late Roijert Meighen was ap-
proved.
It is reported, however, that Mr. Bury, the
general manager of the western lines, was
appointed at the meeting of the board of di-
rectors, which was private.
The western shops of the railway. Sir
ThoniMS Shaughnessy announced, would l>e
erected at Calgary if satisfactory arrange-
ments could be made with the city anthori-
ties.
A policy of great expansion in the direc-
tion of steamship transportation Avas jirovld-
(•(1 for bv the authorizing of the issuance of
$ROO,000 worth of 4 per cent, debentures for
the steamship account.
Authority was also given for the issuing of
a large debenture to an amount not mention-
ed for the branch line account.
JOHN H. HAIil, « SONS, BRANTFORD.
In view of the Increased demand for pipe-
threading machines and grey iron castings,
John H. Hall & Sons have acquired an inter-
est in the Brnntford Foundry, better known
as the Burrlll Foundry Co. The new concern
will be known as the John H. Hall & Sons
Foundry Co. George E. Porsythe and Nor-
man .T. Prowse, the former proprietors of the
foundry, retain an interest. The new concern
is well equipped to handle not only large
([unntities of work, but the most Intricate
and difficult castings in grey iron, brass and
aluminum. It is the intention to cater to the
growing demand for .iobbing castings, as well
as surplus work from large factories, which,
with the regular line of work and contracts
on hand, will necessitate the employing of
2r> men in the new foundry.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
73
The present factory of Jolui H. Hnll & Kons,
on Bridge Street, is iilso uiidei'jrolng many
clianges and extensions, tbey huviiig alreiidy
let the contract for an enlargement wliifli
win nearly double their capacity. All the
adjacent land obtainable has been iiurchase<l,
and building operations are now under way.
The new addition will be used for erecting
purposes only; a traveling crane of latest de-
sign win be Installed, to give every convenl-
enee for the handling of heavy w<irk. Each
department is uuder the personal direction
of one of the flrni, which consists of Mr. Hall,
8r., and four sons. By giving attention to all
details, they have built for themselves such
a reputation that now, with the most improv-
ed equipment, blacksmith shop, draugiiting
room, pattern shop, foundry anil mai-liinc
Bbop, they arc unable to meet the demands
for their products, hence this latest exten-
sion.
The firm has been manufacturing a full line
of pipe-threading machinery and have placed
machines in all the tube mills In Canada, as
well as some of the largest plumbing and
steamflttlng companies. Arrangements have
also been made with an American concern to
build and operate electric welding machines,
the exclusive Canadian agency for same hav-
ing been secured.
L.INDE CANADI.4N KKFRIGEBATION CO.,
LTD.
Mr. C. W. Vollniann, who for the past fif-
teen years has been carrying on business in
Canada under the firm name of "The Linde
British Ketrlgeration Company, Limited, of
Canada," is continuing the same business un-
der the style of The Linde Canadian Refriger-
ation Company, Limited, with offices at 37 St.
Peter Street, Montreal. Sixteen years ago
Mr. Vollmaiin made an arrangement with the
Linde British Company by which he was to
have the exclusive right to manufacture
"Linde" machines In the Dominion for a
stated period. This agreement expired last
February. The British Company then decid-
ed to send a representative to Canada to look
after their interests and Mr. Vollmann chang-
ed the style of his firm name to prevent con-
fusion. Mr. Vollmann is the president of the
Linde Canadian Refrigeration Company,
Limited, which is financed oy Canadian capi-
tal and nuinaged by a Canadian board. This
firm will continue to sell and Instal the Linde
type of refrigeration plant.
CHANGE or FIRM NAME.
The Canada Wire Goods Mfg. Co. announces
a slight change in tiie firm name, which here-
after will be known as Canada Wire and Iron
Goods Co. The change Is simply for the pur-
pose of better designating their lines of
manufacture, and iucideutaliy to break the
similarity of tlieir name with other manufac-
turers in Hamilton. There has been no
change in the management wnich consists of
VVm. Holmes and Alexander Donald, both of
whom have been long and favorably connect-
ed with the Wire Inrlustry. The principal
lines manufactured by tills company are
Double Crimped Wire Cloth of ail grades.
Coal and Ore Screening, Terforated Metals,
JJelal Clothes Lockers. Ornamental Wire &
Wrot Iron Office and l^ank Itaiiing. Grilles in
all finishes and General Wire Work. Tiie
plant of the Canada Wire and Iron Goods Co.
has been enlarged during the present year by
fully one-half of its former capacity, result-
ing in a greatly increased output. The Com-
pany is about to issue a new general cata-
logue which a post card will bring. The
Companv's agents are: R. A. Ogilvie. P.O.
Box, 850, Vancouver, B.C.; J. S. Parkes, 44B
St. Paul St., Montreal, Que.; D. Phillip, 291%
Portage Ave., Winnipeg, Man.
THE NOVA SCOTIA CAB WORKS.
Halifax, N.S.— The directors of the Nova
Scotia Car Works made an inspection of the
plant recently. There were present: O. K.
t'nilth, president; .1. W. Allison, F. B. Mc-
Cnrdy, M.P.; S. M. Brookfleld, F. Stanfield,
M.P. ; A. M. Bell, of Halifax, and Hon. J. R.
Lamy and .T. R. Douglas, of Amherst. The
directors were accompanied by F. M. Brown,
vice-president and general manager, and C. F.
Rydeberg, superintendent. J. R. Macleod also
was present.
The new office building, the upper floor of
which will be used by the drafting depart-
ment, was first visited. Then a tour was
made of the power house, the car mill, the
forge shop, the machine shop, the foundry
and the erecting shed. The piers for the steel
underframe building, which will be in oper-
ation in December, were inspected.
A new air compressor has been added to
the power department and throughout the
plant there have been large additions to the
mechanical equipment. It is now turning out
an average of twelve cars daily, and over 500
men. well organized to accomplish the best
results, and equipped with the latest lalior-
aavlng devices, are employed. The output of
box cars will be still further Increased an<l
PA TTERNS
Pitteroi of Every Description.
SatUfaction Guaranteed,
R. POTTS, Toronto
85 Richmond St. W. Phone: Adelaide 103
ARMSTRONG BROS.
18 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mfr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Perfected
QEAR CUTTINQ, TOOLS, DIES. ETC.
Ruching and Pleatini Machinery.
PATrSRNS AND MODELS
Do Your
Tumbling
in a Globe improved
Tiltinit Tumbler and
get finept re Bulta,
quickest and cheap-
est It ifl made in six
BizeH for all purposes
for wet or dry work.
"GLOBE"
Dies and Stampings.
Special Manufacturing
Contract Work.
If you want to get
an Interesting little
magazine free, as«
for "THE HIL-
ENT PARTNEK."
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.
899 Hemillon Street, Cleveland. O.
Canadian Acent:
H. W. PETRI E, Front St W., Toronto, Canada
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRINC CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
^ALL KINDS -^
Difficult Core Work a Specially
Mi^h GtBcle • Right Prices ■ Prompt Deliveiy
THE HAMILTON PATTERN W0RK5
25S CATHERINE. STREET NORTH
HAMILTON , ONT
PATTERNS
AND
MODELS
of every description
made of wood or met-
al.and for all purposes.
When your Patltrn
Shop is crowded send
some work here for
well niade patterns.
made your way.
SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN
TO BREAK 08WN JOIS AND
HUIRIEO WORN
Also ths Diauthling of any kind of machlntry
whothir Mschanlcal or Elsctrlcal
l16BerkeleySt.
TORONTO
JAMES SIBLEY
Phone Main 5603
T
FOR
TALL KINDS OF MACHINE '
WORK. MADE IN
WOOD. BRA55
'WHITE METAL OR IRON
'by the very highest class of skilled^
mechanics.
Only the highest ^tade of material j
used in our work. We can handle |
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
87 Jarvi5 5t.ToroRto.,Canad9.
NOTICE
The Downer Pattern Works
LATE OF
116 Adelaide Street West, Toronto
HAVE REMOVED TO LARGER
AND BETTER PREMISES AT
172 King Street West
CANADIAN MACHINERY
JOHN J: GARTSHORE
3 Front 8t. W.. Toronto
RAM Q and SUPPLIES
For RAILWAVS, TRAMWAYS. Etc
Old Matorial Boucht and told.
manimicit
wrerj
MALLEABLE
' IRON '
CASTINGS
• TWO PIAMTS •
Smith's Falls Onbno
e T raosr, pRcsioenr
, ■■^^^ ■''. .:■•■. ■
tt. Catharines Brass Works
Manufacturers of
lluminum, Brass, Ironze ind Coppir Castings
Send us your pattern* for trial,
ST. CATHARINES. ONT.
TEL. MMN 4158
329 ST. JAMES
The Foss &, Hill Mach'y Go.
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Schumacher b Boye, loathes
The G. A. Gray Co Planers
The Cincinnati Lathe A Tool Co. 16" I<atbe*
The Mueller Machine Tool Co. Radial Drill
Hoefer Machine Tool Co., Drill Pressea
The dueen City Machine Tool Co., Shapera
London Concrete Machinery Co.,
Concrete Mixers. Moulds. Etc.
The J. T. Slocomh Co., . . Micrometers
Wood and Iron Worklnflr Machinery.
Pipe Tlireadlnc Machines.
Stone Crashers.
Hangers, Shaftinsr. Pulleys, Beltioc.
Gasoline Engines, Hack Saws.
Canadian Hart Corundum Wheels in Stock.
DISTRIBUTING AGENTS FOR
The Dominion Metal Co.'s Babbitt
Estimates ffiven
on application
Castinffs of all
Descriptions
MAASS BROS.
IRVING AVENUE
OTTAWA, ONT.
MACHINE SHOP AND MAN-
UFAGTURING MACHINISTS
Shaftinjr, Pulleys, Hanffers. Emery Whee
Stands. Curlinff Stones, Boat W^lnches, Saw
Arbors. Lath and Bolter Machines, General
Mill Machinery.
Pulp Mill Work a Specialty
Bournet & Blanchard
(opposite the Post Office)
LACHINE - QUEBEC
Machinists and Tool Makers.
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Manufacturers of Gasoline
Motors.
IVr/to U9 for pr/oem.
All weidhls up to 6.000 lbs.
We make a s^eciaHy'of difficult cxtred work
L^OS ncuREl ON YOUR REQUIREMENTS
Galt Foundrv Co, Galt.Qnt.
tho plaDt tot malcingr steel underframe cars
will add yet more to the output. The direct-
ors expressed sntisfaction with their inspec-
tlou.
CANADIAN CAR « FOUNDRY CO.
The Cauiidlau Car & Foundry Co., of which
N. Curry is president, have some important
liuilding operations in band with tlie object
of Increasing their capacity. At Turcot, near
Miiutreal, their facilities for constructing pas-
senger cars will be doubled, which will en-
able them to turn out 12a cars per annum.
They have Just completed a steel car plant
for building steel under-frames and composite
cars. The shops at "Dominion," just outside
Montreal, are also being extended, to the ex-
tent of 60 per cent.; at this place "all steel"
curs are constructed.
The Canadian Steel Foundries, an allied
concern, are erecting a plant at Longue Polnte,
at a cost of about a million dollars, which
will be ready at the beginning of the year.
The Dominion Bridge Co. are furnishing the
steel work; C. E. Deakin is doing the balance
of work on the main building; and the Bishop
Construction Co. and C. B. Deakin hare some
work on minor buildings.
The buildings, etc., cover 35 acres, at Longue
Polnte. and the company will have a capacity
of 25,000 tons of steel castings per annum;
this Includes manganese steel, switch work,
and othfer material used in street and steam
railway construction.
CATALOGUES.
"Storage Battery Cars" is the title of Bulle-
tin No. 13, just issued by the Gould Storage
Battery Co., 341 Fifth Ave., New York. This
bulletin explains the economics of the storage
battery car, describes the standard type made
by the Gould Co., and cites the conditions
under which storage battery cars can be used
most profitably. A copy will be sent on re-
quest.
Bulletin No. 36 of the Bates Machine Co.,
■Toliet, Ills., describes and illustrates the new
B.Ttes Inertia Valve Gear, which is now regu-
larly applied to all Bates Corliss Engines.
This new gear has attracted much attention
because of its positlveness and quiet oper-
ation, and the absence of hooks, springs and
rollers.
"Something out of the Commonplace," in
catalog form 15, just off the press, gotten out
by the Hess Flume Company of 635-03B I^irst
National Bank Building, Denver, Colorado,
iind showing their metal flumes as used for
irrigation, power, mining and substructures
for various purposes. This Interesting book-
let is printed in what our printer friends call
"reverse," that is, the type and the pen draw-
ing illustrations are In white, and the paper
a dark blue, imitative of the blue-prints with
wliich we are all so familiar. This catalogue
Is unique and interesting, for it contains much
information on the subject of flumes in gen-
eial, of real value. Two pages are devoted
entirely to tables of the carrying capacity of
different sized flumes and various specifica-
tions. These should be helpful to the engineer
or in fact to anyone figuring an such work.
The Hess Co. claim two advantages for their
improved galvanized toncan metal flumes.
First, the fact that they are made of toncau
metal sheets, supplied by the Stark Rolling
Mill Co., Canton, O., and which are claimed
t ) be particularly adaptable to meet the sever-
est conditions and exposure. Second, they
claim that the Hess is the only flume with a
l>erfectly smooth interior. The Interlocking
sections are easily assembled, and a water-
liRiit joint is secured without the use of either
solder or rivets. This joint offers absolutely
no obstruction to the flow of water. The
catalogue Illustrates this joint, and the pen
pictures show in detail the construction of
the Hess flume. At the bottom of each page
arc different little pert reminders, in bold
hiiiulwriting. that the Hess flnnie is made of
nist-resisting toncan metal sheets. The other
lilies, metal lumber substructures, metallic
infakea iind outlets, headgates, pressure pipe
are each briefly mentioned and described.
.Tndging from both the standpoint of origin-
ality and from that of practical utility, the
Hess flume catalogue is a most unique and
interesting book, well worth the perusal of
everyone interested.
We have received from Gould and Eberhardt,
Newark, N.,I., a handy little scale showing
suitable speeds for milling cutters, both car-
bon steel and high speed. On the other side
of the card arc given proportions of gear teeth
from 1 to 16 diametral pitch. The card Is en-
closed in a neat celbiioid case, having slots
cut In it, so that only one line of figures is
read at a time, thus saving one much trouble
in picking out the information desired, fiould
and Kbcrhardt are the well known builders of
automatic gear-cutting machinery and high
dnt.> Hhapers.
,lohn Acton, 118 John St.. Brooklyn. N.T.,
Iiiis forwarded us a copy of bis newly-issued
ciitalogue of modern automiidc steam, water,
air and vacuum specialties. These Include re-
ducing valves for both hlgli and low pressure
Bcrrtce, pump regulating valves, relief valves,
etc.,, etc.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
75
Warden King Lowden
SUPPLIES
MECHANICAL ;„_„,. '.^^ ELECTRICAL
SPECIALTIES
13 Bleury Street, MONTREAL
REPRESENTING :
UNION TWIST DRILL CO.
Drills, Gear and Mlllins Cutters, etc.
S. W. CARD MFG. CO.
Taps, Dies. Screw Plates, etc.
QUALITY SAW & TOOL WORKS
Hand and Power Blades for all classes
of work.
J D. McARTHUR & CO.
Leather Beltinff.
Ernest Scott
145 Bleury St. •/ MONTREAL
Machinimt and Tool
Maker
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Stampings and Light
Manufacturing
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order,
DiES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W, H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
MANY a manufacturer
is puzzled with the
problem of constructing a
special tool or jig to make
things go smoother in the
shop.
And it isn't every fore-
man that can solve such
a problem.
But let us tackle it — such problems are our specialty. We have
been for years devising
Special Machinery, Tools, Dies, Ji^s, Etc.,
and have yet to be defeated by a puzzle in mechanical contriving.
Our plant is specialized for the purpose, and our men are especi-
ally skilled.
Send your puzzle to ua.—Lot us solve It
to your satisfaction.
Holden-Mor^an Company, Limited
Builders and Manufacturers of Automobile Parts, Special Machinery,
Toots, Dies, Jigs, Molds and Repairs.
50 Pearl Street, Toronto, Canada
't! LI MAX
GUARANTEED
LEATHER
BELTING
is the most economical
for you to install, because
it has a quality that in-
sures long service, reli-
ability and highest effi-
ciency under the most
exacting conditions.
For further evidence
of the "CLIMAX"
Quality write us for let-
lers from present users —
they will convince you
that our Belting Is the
greatest of economisers.
Send for a trial order
— it will cost you nothing
if unsatisfactory.
SADLER &
HAWORTH
ESTABLISHED 1876
Montreal, 511 William St.
Toronto, 27 Melinda St.
St. John, N.B , 89 Prince William St.
Winnipeg, 244 Princess St.
Vancouver, B.C., 217 Columbia Ave.
Don't fail to mention thii paper in writing to advertisers.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
A Means of Saving Time
With Dart Unions it is easy to make joints, on steam,
gas, air, oil or water pipes, that stay tight.
Your jobber has them and the name " DART " cast
on every union is the trade mark.
Cutting Crucible Costs
Ck)st and price are distinct terms.
DIXON'S CRUCIBLES
are less costly because of the service you get out
of them. They give more heats and more general
satisfaction than you usually get from crucibles.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET No. 223-A.
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co. - Jersey City, N.J.
PURE ALUMINIUM
in the lorm of
Ingots, Sheets, Tubing, Bars, Angles, Rods, Lap Plates,
Moulding, Nails and Rivets always carried in stock.
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, ENGLAND
General Agents: PARKE & LEITH, 60 W. Front St., TORONTO., CAN.
Jessop's Best Tool Steel
U yat onascelUd for cutting tools
of all kinds, snd for gsnersl
nwchins-shop uss.
Jessop's "Ark" High-speed
CfuQl eives marvellous results
—heavy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JEStOP k SONS, Ltd. Sheffield. Eng.
Rsld Nswfoundlsnd Co. Alex. Woods Chss. L. Bailey
St. John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que. Toronto, Ont.
We have received from the McGraw-HlU
Book to., New York, their latest list of books
dealing with electrical engineering. Books on
nil hrHnches are listed, and those interested
would be well advised to secure a copy.
The Fatterson-Allen Engineerlnc Co., Jersey
City, N.J., have favored us with a bulletin
descrlbiue their machine for uniting flaugen
with wrought Iron or steel pipe by hydraulic
pressure. This process is capable of puttiug
flanges on pipes of any diameter from 2 to 20
Inches, and of any thickness, at insignificant
cost. The machine operates automatically, no
skilled labor being required.
The Stevens Co., of Gait, Ont., send us a
little booklet Betting forth the advantages of
the Gronkvlst chuck tor straight shank drills.
IQ this chuck the shank is gripped by three
hardened steel rollers bearing upou hardened
eccentric curves, so that the greater the
strain the tighter the drill Is held.
The Cincinnati Pulley Machinery Co.. Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, have favored us with a set of
bulletins descriptive of their various machines
for boring, turning and tapping cast iron
pulleys. They also make the Avey sensitive
drill press. This is a high speed, ball bearing
press, built with from two to six spindles, and
has a capacity up to %-lnch drills.
The Union Twist Drill Co., Athol, Ma...,
have favored us with a copy of their new
Catalog F. which lists gear cutters, milling
cutters, twist drills, sockets, etc., for which
the firm enjoys n wide reputation. The cata-
logue Is attractively got up and is of conven-
ient size for reference.
The Canada Wire and Iron Good. Co., Ham-
ilton, Ont., have issued their Catalogue No. 3
which gives full particulars of their line of
manufactures In wire cloth and perforated
slieet metal. These are too numerous to refer
to, more particularly as the firm's motto "If
It's made of wire, we make It," sufficiently
proves. BOOK RKVIEWS.
Vol. X, the tenth annual edition of the
Copper Handbook, is Just received. The new
issue of this work, which is considered a
standard authority on the subject of copper
and copper mines for the entire globe, has
1,1)02 octavo pages, containing nearly 1,500,000
words, aud, in addition to the miscellaneous
chapters, lists and describes 8,130 copper
mines and copper mining companies, in all
parts of the world, this being the largest
number of titles ever listed by any work on
U'lulng. The descriptions range from two or
three lines, In the case of dead companies,
wherein reference is made to detailed des-
criptions in past volumes at the period of their
activity, up to twenty-one pages in the case of
the Anaconda mine, which yields one-eighth
of all the copper made in the world.
The miscellaneous chapters of the book,
twenty-four in number, treat the subject of
copper from all possible viewpoints, there be-
ing chapters on the history, chemistry, miner-
alogy, metallurgy, brands and grades, alloys
and substitutes of copper, with a copious
glossary, and a chapter of statistics ending
the book that contains 40-odd tables, thor-
oughly covering copper production, consump-
tion, "movements, prices, dividends, etc. The
Copper Handbook is sold on the unique plan
Milopted nine years ago, the publisher sending
the book by mail, prepaid, to any address
ordered, without advance payment of any sort,
and subject to return after a week's inspec-
tion. The price is $5 in a strong green buck-
ram binding with silk headband and gilt top,
or ,1!"..'>0 in full library morocco, .\nyone In-
terested in copper, as a producer, consumer
or investor in shares, would do well to write
the author and publisher, Mr. Horace J. Stev-
ens. Houghton. Michigan, ordering a copy of
the new Copper Handbook sent prepaid, sub-
ject to approval.
The Westinghouse Electric and Manufactur-
ing Co. have just Issued the first edition of an
attractive monthly publication entitled "Small
Motors." which is devoted to forming a co-
operative bond between the manufacturer and
the dealer in small electric motors for general
household, store and office work. The con-
tents are devoted to practical applications of
nmnll motors, showing views of them in such
actual service as operating ice cream freezers,
small lathes, washing machines, grinding
wheels and numerous household devices.
An interesting application of the small mo-
tor for the household is its use as an auxili-
ary to the furnace, assisting tne heating ana
ventilating of same, by means of a blower at-
tachment. Advice as to installation, operation
and care of motors Is given In short, practi-
cal talks.
"Pointers for Inventors" and "Polntem for
Patentees" are the titles of two little booklets
hv Kperton R. Chase, Patent Attorney, Temple
Building, Toronto, at a price of 25 cents each.
The first book de.tls with methods whereby
Inventors secure capital to patent their inven-
tions, and the second with method, whereby
patentees « re successful in selling their patents
or manufacturing rights thereunder. We can
confidently recommend these little books to
the attention of all inventors.
The CoUingwood Shipbuilding and Engineering Co., Ltd.
By Belldeld
Being an Illustrated Description of the Plant and Products of One of Canada's Lead-
ing Shiphuilding and Marine Engineering Establishments, and Serving to Show
The Ample Provision Made for the Furnishing, Upkeep and Developm,ent of the
Marine Transportation Interests of This Dominion.
I^HE CoUingwooa Shipbuilding & En-
gineering Company's plant and
property covers an area of about 40
acres, and embraces 2,000 feet of water
front. In addition to the building of
steel and wooden vessels of every type
and size and th'eir machinery equipment,
the most up-to-date appliances and faci-
lities are available for rapid, efficient
reprfir work, by day or night.
Capacity of Plant.
There are two dry docks. No. 1
is 525 feet long by 78 feet wide, while
No 2 is 450 feet long by 105 feet wide ;
the depth of water in each being 16 feet
6 ineihes over the sills. Four fairly large
vessels can be laid down at once. Thus,
on the east side of No. 1 dry dock, there
is a SOOifoot building berth served by
overhead electric traveler, running on a
gantry ; while on the west side there
is a 460-foot building berth served by
locomotive crane and spar derrick
booms. Again, on the east side of No.
2 dock is located a 400-foot berth, serv-
ed by spar derrick booms and crane. On
the west side of this dock, the largest
ships are built, the berth being 60'0 feet
long, and served by electric traveler on
a gantry, similar to that on the east
side of No. 1. Both gantries were built
by the company themselves, as were al-
so the overhead travelers, with the ex-
ception of motors, controllers, and other
electrical details. The capacity of the
travelers is nominally 20 tons, although
they have often lifted considerably heav-
ier loads.
The legs, or columns of the gantry,
on tihe side next the dock, are of light
lattice work construction, carrying a
single rail on top. On the other side of
the building berth, the columns are in
pairs, and support two rails, so that the
traveler runs on three of these, as may
be seen in the illustration showing two
scows ready for launching. This cut is
introduced chiefly because it serves ad-
mirably to demonstrate the method of
launching adopted, not only for scows
but tor all ships built in this yard. The
overhead traveler is fitted, at its outer
foot, with a jib, by means of which the
outer running rail is removed piecemeal,
together with the supporting columns.
The vessels are then side-launched into
the dock.
Both docks are closed by massive
wooden gates, fitted with the usual
sluices. Tbte gate of No. 2 dock, is prob-
ably the largest wooden gate in Canada,
its dimensions being 97 feet 6 inches
long at the top, 87 feet 6 inches lor.g at
the bottom, and 16 feet thick at the
centre.
Ship Construction Equipment.
Adjacent to No. 1 building slip is the
punch shed, the equipment of which in-
cludes, shears, punches, and radial drills
by Bertram, MacGregor-Gourlay, Long
and Allstaticr, and a 22-foot edge planer,
by the Hilles & Jones Co., Wilmington,
Del. Here all ship plates arc sheared to
size and punched, after being marked
from the wooden templates prepared in
the mold loft, which is located above the
punch shed. This building is 220 feet
long by 50 feet wide.
At the end of No. 1 slip are located
the rolls for bending and flanging ship
plates. These are of massive construc-
tion, and consist of three rolls, 18 inches
diameter by 18 feet long, driven through
a positive clutch by a two-cylinder 9
by 12-inch steam engine. The top roll
is raised or lowered, to suit different
thickness of plate, by means of verti-
cal screws operating through bevel gears
by friction drive from the engine. For
SHIPYARD.DRYDOCKS AND TOWN OF COLLINGWOOD FROM THE HARBOR
S28
CANADIAN MACHINERY
flanging plates the lower back roll is
provided with a slot The rolls were
built by Wickes Bros., Saginaw, Mich.
Near the south end ot No. 1 building
berth, there is located a stationary 7-
trading vessels, are first pickleid in a
tank containing dilute muriatic acid, in
order to remove the blue scale caused by
rolling. It is a well-known fact that
salt water rapidly dislodges paint, no
ing, such as tail-shafts, connecting rods,
etc., are purchased from forges making
a specialty of that class of work. This
of course is usual practice with marine
engine builders. North of the black-
H ^^^^^^^^^^^■■EiS' 'B net - "
ft
^»rt'». » SMI iiii^lfi^
1 "~ mmm^
,__i_ '*-"*'■ "^^^^^^^C*- "
Canadian Government S.S. '* E&t«van" under construction at the CoUinewood Shipyard.
foot gap riveter for riveting ship frames;
this is operated by steam, and handles
more rivets per hour than is possible
with a hydraulic riveter.
To the east of the punch shed is the
itock yard, where plates, channels, an-
matter how carefully applied to a plate
not previously pickled.
The blacksmith's shop, covering a
space 120 feet by 50 feet, and situated
on the east side of the stock yard, is
equipped with eight fires and a 2,500
smith's shop, is a small boiler and dry
kiln; the latter is used for drying timb-
er, while the boiler supplies steam to
the gap riveter and also to the engine
driving the plate rolls, — already men-
tioned. A two-storey wooden building
^— ,
lb
s UMti'k.. ■ '^"f*'
1 - .^ Itt^
— . . ... .. -«.,M.t-*..«fc£>j<«i
No. 2 Dry Dock Gate at the CoUlngwood Shipyard.
Hopper Barges, 130' x 3' -6" x 10' deep, built for the O^ven Sound
Dredging and Construction Co.. at Collingwood.
gles, etc., arc stored. When the weather
permits, a good deal of marking-oB is
done here, so as to conserve space in the
punch shed. The yard is served by an
electric traveling crane.
pounds steam hammer. An Ajax rivet
making machine is kept busy producing
ship rivets. Here are also located the
furnace and large slab where frames,
angles, etc., are bent to the required
125 feet long by 30 feet wide, is utiliz-
ed on its upper floor as a patternshop,
and at first glance on entering, we were
surprised to note the entire absence of
wood-working machinery. Enquiry
All plates intended for salt water curves and other shapes. Heavy forg- brought the information, however, that
y)\m^*Wt
Mold Loft, tha Collingwood Shipbuilding Co.
Punch Shed, The Collingwood Shipbuilding Co.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
829
the plant of the joiner's shop on the
lower floor did service for the pattern-
makers. Very few joiners are now em-
ployed on the plant, — in fact the joiner
shop is practically idle, owing to the
interior wood work and decoration on
house. As will be noticed, the machine
is of the vertical type and presents very
much the same appearance as a 2-crank
compound marine engine with the link
motion removed, and two fly-wheels and
governor added. The diameters of the
low pressure to the high pressure cyl-
inder, passes through the intercooler
seen against the wall behind the steam
cylinders. The capacity of the compres-
sor is 1,200 cubic feet of free air per
minute. The Corliss engine and com-
Vessels in No. 1 Drydock and under construction.
The CoUingwood Shipbuilding Co.
Launch of the Ontario & Quebec Navigation Co. Steamer
*'Geronia," at the Colhngwood Shipyard.
all vessels built here having been trans-
ferred to the Brynes Mfg. Co., CoUing-
wood. This concern is controlled by the
C.S.B. Co.
The Power House.
Situated halfway between the two
dry docks is the power house, a large
steam cylinders are 18 and 36 inches,
while the compressor cylinders, placed
above, are 18 and 31 inches diameter.
The common stroke is 36 inches. Each
of the two crossheads drives a pump,
one being the jet condenser air pump.
The other supplies the condenser injec-
pressor are painted white and have as a
consequence a clean and well cared for
appearance. Steam is supplied from the
pump and boiler house, situated a few
yards away at the entrance to No. 1
dry dock. Here, are two Scotch dry-
back boilers working at 130 Itis. pres-
mTmmmmm^
Planer Extension Rig in Machine Shop of The CoUingwood Shipbuilding Co.
new brick building with steel roof trus- tion water and also circulates the cool-
ses. The floor space, 100 feet long by
45 feet wide, affords ample space for ad-
ditional equipment in the future. At
present, the power is furnished by a
horizontal tandem compound Corliss en-
gine built by the John Inglis Co., Tor-
onto. The cylinders are 18 and 34
inches diameter by 36 inches stroke. The
engine exhausts to a Northey indepen-
dent pump condenser situated in a
chamber below the power house floor.
The engine has a 14 foot pulley and
drives a countershaft by means of a 32
inch belt. From the countershaft two
Canadian General Electric d.c. generat-
ors are driven, each having a nominal
capacity of 85 k.w. These are at pres-
ent considerably overloaded and it is in-
tended to duplicate them in the near fu-
ture and instal another engine.
Perhaps the most conspicuous feature
in the power house is the air compres-
sor. As in every other shipbuilding
yard, a very large number of air-motors,
and chipping, riveting and caulking ham-
mers are used. To supply air for these,
the CoUingwood Shipbuilding Co. de-
signed and built the compressor seen on
the left in our illustration of the power
ing water through the jackets of the
compressor cylinders.
The air, of course, is compressed in
two stages, and on its way from the
sure, one of them being 11 and the other
8 feet 6 inches diameter. Additional
boilers will be installed when the second
engine is put down in the power house.
The pump for emptying the docks is
Air Compressor and Horz. Corliss Engine. New Power House. CoUingwood Shipbuilding Co.
380
CANADIAN MACHINERY
located in a room adjacent to the boiler
house. It is ot the centrifugal type and
has two 30-inch suction pipes connected
to a main leading from each dock; the
discharge being delivered into the lake
through a 40-inch pipe. The pump,
driven at 160 r.p.m. by a direct connect-
are always out on time. The vertical
boiler plate rolls were built by Wickes
Bros., Saginaw, Mich., and will take in
a plate 12 feet wide. Driven by a two-
cylinder horizontal steam engine, they
are capable of bending plates up to 2
inches thickness.
'SM
w
ii
II
i
^^B^^^ Vk"
Machine and Erecting Shop, Collinff^wood Shipbufldlnff Co.
ed inverted vertical engine with cylinder
22 inches diameter by 24 inches stroke,
is capable ot emptying either dock in
about an hour and a half. Two small
(12-inch) centrifugal pumps serve to
keep down any water that may drain
in thereafter, and are run for halt an
hour or so when required.
The Boiler and Machine Shops.
The boiler shop is a well-lighted build-
ing of three bays. It is 80 feet long by
120 feet wide. Each of the two sides
bays has a gallery above; that on the
north side carrying the heating and
ventilating apparatus supplied by the
Buffalo Forge Co., while the other is
used for laying out light plate work.
The main bay is served by a 3-motor
electric traveler ot 50 tons capacity.
This was built by the Collingwood Ship-
building Co., as were also the cranes in
the machine shop and foundry. The
motors, controllers, etc., were purchas-
ed from and are of the Northern Electric
Co.'s make. When the shops were
built, the columns and crane runways
were designed for a crane load of 100
tons with a view to increased capacity
if necessary in the future.
The boiler shop forms a good example
of what can be done by systematic man-
agement in the way of handling heavy
work in a small space. To an outsider
two large Scotch boilers seem to com-
torUbly fill the main bay! Yet the rnen
do not seem inconvenienced at all; work
goea on steadily all day and the boilers
The hydraulic riveter has a
gap ot 10 feet 6 inches and can
has a gap of 10 feet 6 inches and can
close rivets with a force of 160 tons, —
the working pressure being 2,000 pounds
per square inch. With the exception of
the riveting head, which was purchased
from the Chambersburg Engineering Co.,
Chambersburg, Pa., the riveter together
with the accumulator which serves it,
was built by the Collingwood Shipbuild-
ing Co. This latter has two 9-inch
rams, and is loaded by a solid mono-
lith of concrete, instead ot the usual
tank filled with scrap iron. The pumps
are of the 3-throw belt driven type made
by the Northey Mfg. Co.
The boiler is suspended for riveting
from an overhead crane operated by hy-
draulic pressure. The carriage has lon-
gitudinal and traverse motion, and is
controlled from the floor by suitable
levers.
The principal machine tools in the boil-
er shop are a 19ft. plate edge planer and
a large radial drill both by the John
Bertram & Sons' Co. At present all
flanging is done by hand, but the old
power house, which lies alongside the
boiler shop, is about to be converted in-
to a flanging shop and will be fully
equipped with furnace and hydraulic
flanging press.
The Foundry and Machine Shop.
The foundry and machine shop are
under one roof, in a building cut off from
the rest of the plant by the Grand
Trunk tracks. Each section is 80 feet
long by 118 feet wide and is served by a
50-ton electric traveler similar to that
already described in connection with the
boiler shop.
The foundry presents no special feat-
ures, except perhaps that it is rather
better lighted than usual. There are
two gallerys, one for pattern storage
and the other forming the cupola charg-
ing platform, in addition to being used
for storage of sea coal, coke, etc. The
cupola is a No. 5 Whiting, and blast is
supplied by a Buffalo Forge Co. No. 10
fan driven by motor. The two coke-
«,000 I.H.P. Triple Expansion Engine and Thrust Bloclc. S.S. " Hamonic."
.built by The Colllnewo3d Shipbuilding Co.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
331
fired core ovens are located below the
south gallery, close to the core-makers'
benches. Molds are made in green sand,
dry sand or loam, according to the size
and nature of the job. A few brass
castings are made, the brass being melt-
ed in the usual manner, in crucibles over
a pit fire burning coke. The output of
grey iron castings is about 50 tons per
week with the foundry busy.
The machine shop is divided oft from
the foundry by a partition and sliding
doors. These had not been completed
at the time our photograph was taken.
All the machines are painted white,
while the shop columns and girders are
a light grey, so that the shop presents
a very bright, attractive appearance,
concerning which, our illustration fails
to do justice.
All planing is done on an open-sided
planer made by the Detrick, Harvey
Machine Co., Baltimore, Md. This hi:;
a table 16 feet long by 42 inches wide.
Long articles, which have to be planed
on the ends, such as engine columns,
overhang the planer sideways to such
an extent that there is a tendency for
the table to tilt. This trouble has been
overcome in the manner shown in the
line cut. A is the planer, B and C are
two 10-inch I-beams, the former oeing
the length of the planer bed and the
latter the length of the table. Between
the two beams are cast-iron .oilers B.
These have a flange each side to keep
them on the beams and are coupled to-
gether by side straps E. The I-beams,
F, are 10 feet long, and are embedded in
the floor. The beam B may be moved
sidewavs along the beams F, to
which it is bolted when in the desired
position. The job to be planed is bolt-
ed to the planer table, and the over-
hanging end is bolted to the beam C.
The top of C is slightly lower than the
table, so that the work can be packed
up square and true.
Arrangement of Machine Tools.
All the lighter machines are grouped
under the two galleries and are served
by chain blocks running on overhend
rails. The heavy machines stand on
each side of the main bay just far en-
ough out from the galleries to allow the
electric traveler to serve them. The
heavy machinery on the north side of
the shop, includes, besides the above
mentioned planer, a 42-inch lathe with
18 feet bed, made by the London VTaoh-
ine Tool Co., Hamilton. This lathe
handles pistons, cylinder and valve-chest
covers, also tail and crank shafts, if
not too big. Under this gallery are
two 20-inch and one IS-inch engine lathe
by Flather & Co., Nashua, N.H., and one
24-inch engine lathe by Betrams. There
is also a double-headed bolt cutter by
the Reliance Machine Co., Cleveland.
The lathe, on which the heaviest work
is done, was supplied by the American
Tool Works Co., Cincinnati. A few
years ago, its centres were raised and
its face plate enlarged to swing 84
inches. Its bed is 25 feet long and will
take a 24-foot shaft. A 16-inch slotter
and a 6-foot radial drill, both by Ber-
trams, complete the list of heavy ma-
chines.
Under the south gallery, a 25-inch
double shaper by Chas. Booth, Liver-
pool, is still doing good work though of
distinctly old-fashioned design. Here
also is located a group of six engine
lathes, all by the Flather Co., and
ranging from 14 inches to 24 inches
swing. The two galleries are at pres-
ent used for pattern storage purposes,
but afford plenty of space for light ma-
chine tools whenever it may become
necessary to increase the capacity of the
shop.
The engines are erected and tested in
the main bay of the shop. The bed-
plates on coming in from the foundry
are placed on the floor and have the
bearings bored by a 20-foot boring bar
driven by an ordinary air-motor. They
are then taken to the planer to have the
facings for columns, etc., planed, after
which erection of the columns takes
place. The cylinders are first bored on
the big lathe and are then transferred
to the surface table to be marked off.
They next pass to the planer after which
they are set up on the engine to have
the column bolts marked oft. These bolt
holes are then drilled at the Bertram
radial drill. It will be noted that a
considerable amount of heavy lifting is
necessary, and the overhead traveler, in
consequence, is kept busy.
In building cranks, the webs are first
bored out and finished all over; then the
crank pins are also finish-turned, and
shrunk into the webs. The shafts are
turned to a shrink fit on those parts
fitting into the crank webs and rough
turned elsewhere. After shrinking into
the webs, dowel pins are fitted and a
finishing cut taken in the lathe.
Work in Hand.
The firm is at present building a ship
to the order of the Department of Mar-
ine and Fisheries, Ottawa, for light-
house and buoy service along the Pacific
coast. She is of open hearth steel, 215
feet long overall, 200 feet between per-
pendiculars, 38 feet beam and 174 feet
deep. She will be propelled by twin
screws, driven by vertical triple expan-
sion engines having cylinders 15, 25 and
42 inches diameter, by 26 inches stroke.
Steam will be supplied by two Scotch
boilers 14 feet in diameter by 11 feet
long, working at 180 pounds pressure.
The ship is being built to the highest
classification at Lloyds and to Canadian
Government special inspection. The hull,
machinery, and boilers were all design-
ed by the company. The ship will be
named "Estevan," and will leave Col-
lingwood next spring on her long voyage
round Cape Horn to Victoria, B.C.
Number of Men Employed.
There are two drawing offices, one de-
voted to hull designing and the other
to engine and boiler work. Fifteen
draughtsmen are employed and the ac-
counting department keeps busy a cleri-
cal staff of ten. The shops and yard gives
employment to about 700 men, the num-
ber of course varying with the amount
of work on hand.
S.S. Emperor.
The bulk freighter "Emperor," which
recently came to grief in the Soo canal,
was built by the Collingwood Co. Sbe
is the largest Canadian boat on the
Great Lakes, and is owned by the Inland
Lines, Ltd, Midland, Ont. Her princi-
pal dimensions are, length overall 525
feet; length between perpendiculars, 505
feet; beam, 56 feet; depth, 31 feet. Her
single screw is driven by a 3-crank
triple expansion engine having cylinders,
23, 38i, 63 inches diameter by 42 inches
stroke. Steam is supplied by two
Scotch marine boilers, 15 feet 6 inches
diameter by 12 feet long. Each boilei
has three furnaces and the working pres-
sure is 180 pounds per square inch.
Officials of the Company.
President.— Captain Alexander Mac-
Dougal, Duluth.
Vice-Pres.— Thomas Long, Toronto.
Secretary-Treasurer.— Sandford Lind-
say, Collingwood.
Directors— P. M. Campbell, Colling-
wood: M. P. Byrnes, Collingwood; Sim-
on Dyment, Barrie; H. B. Smith, Owen
Sound.
General Manager— Jas. M. Smith,
Collingwood.
Our thanks are due to the last named
gentleman for the facilities afiorded us
for collecting the material for this ar-
ticle on the occasion of a recent visit
to Collingwood.
It has been found difficult to make
large steel gears out of steel castings on
account of the difficulty of getting a
perfectly sound casting. One machine
tool builder in the Middle West, has.
therefore, abandoned the use of steel
castings for large gears, and instead
shrinks a forged steel ring onto a cast-
iron gear body, much in the same way
as tires are shrunk onto car wheel cen-
ters. Very satisfactory results are ob-
tained in this way.
Some Features to be Noted in Efficient Shop Operation
By E. T. Spidy **
The Writer of This Paper Occupies the Unique Position of Being the Youngest
Member of the Western Railway Club to Read a Paper Before That Body, and It
Speaks Much for the Evident Interest Being Taken in Present Day Questions Re-
lative to Increased Efficiency in Manufacturing by the Rising Generation That
Such a High Quality and instructive Article Has Been Made Available.
IS this paper, I propose to bring out
some of tiie many points that go to
make an efficiently operated shop, and
to make a lew notes on each. Not so
very long ago, shop efficiency was con-
sidered part of the foreman's duties,
and, mainly due to the demand for in-
creased output, the "Shop Engineer" is
now a recognized necessity to relieve
him of that part of his former work, re-
lating to machinery upkeep, tools and
general improvements. The foreman is
the man on whom the responsibility of
the Individual shop rests ; he is the
"hub," as it were, and the smooth
working of all the minor wheels deuends
on his ability as an organizer, and on the
amount of co-operative effort he receives.
Shop Organization Specialists.
The first point to which I would draw
attention, is the "Shop Organization."
By this, I mean the plan of control by
means of which the whole work of a
plant is divided and sub-divided among
foremen and charge hands, so that the
responsibility for any particplar detail
can be instantly located. The organiza-
tion of any shop being governed by its
size, the class of work handled, and the
conditions met with, peculiar to itself,
obviously no definite rules can be laid
down. A shop may be organized to spe-
sialize as much as possible, or specializ-
ing might be impracticable. For exam-
ple, take a locomotive erecting shop ; in
one shop we see that the gang boss has
the entire erecting of an engine to look
after, from stripping to finishing, while
in another shop we see the charge-hand
concerned with the general erecting
alone. A special gang strips the engine,
another gang is responsible for shoe and
wedge work, another for motion, and so
on ; the whole work being in the hands
of men who are specialists at their par"-
ticular work. In a small shop, the
amount of specializing that can be done
on these lines is minimized, but even
here, we see that a certain man always
does the same job on an engine, and
is, in consequence, a specialist.
Shop Organization — Function of Fore-
man.
In manufacturing shops operated on a
modern piece-work or bonus system, the
• Paper read h<>for<' tb» Wentern Rsllway
anb. O-tob^r. 1911.
•• AUKlntnnt to ^^neml InromntlTC foreman.
C. P. B7. ibopi. Wloolper
introduction of functional foremen has
proved successful. These latter are ad-
ditional, and are responsible for certain
functions of the shop that can be better
handled by men who are experts, than
by the regular foremen. In a piecework
shop, specializing becomes a necessity,
and enables the keeping of more accur-
ate records. By dividing the work thus,
each man becomes independent of the
rest, for he alone gets all the benefit of
his increased efforts, whereas, when the
whole gang work together, the slow men
have to be carried, and this causes often-
times dissatisfaction.
Shop Organization — Standardization.
One point to which I would make spe-
cial reference, is that of "standardiza-
tion." Just how far this should be car-
ried in a shop is hard to say, yet, being
one of the items that reduces cost, it is
well worth considering. Hand and ma-
chine tools should be standardized as far
as possible, as should also be the meth-
od of dealing with them. All tools re-
quired should be handed to the men from
a distributing room, situated as near the
centre of the shop as possible Machine
tools should be forged in the smith-shop
and taken to the tool room where they
are ground ready for hardening. The
tool room Itself should be equipped with
a hardening furnace for machine tools,
and an oven for hardening taps, dies,
reamers, etc., that require careful treat-
ment.
Tools, such as taps, reamers, jigs,
etc., should all be checked against the
man receiving same. A system of giv-
ing each man so manv checks when he
enters the service and making him de-
liver one check for each tool received,
keeps a tab on all tools, and by placing
that check where the tool came from,
location is simplified, should the tool be
wanted by anyone else. All tools should
he called in periodically, and their con-
dition observed, so as to keep the stock
up-to-date.
Pneumatic tools should he brought in
regularly for inspection and oiling, and
suspended in benzine, which will tend to
clean them.
Machine tools should, as previously
stated, be ground in the tool depart-
ment by a man kept especially for the
job. l,athe tools have a definite shape,
and all angles of lip and clearance are
fixed to a standard. For roughing tools,
the clearance angle, or angle behind the
cutting edge, is 6 degrees, although some
English standards reduce on this a \iV-
tle.
These angles are accepted standards, and
represent results obtained by experiment
and modern practice on heavy duty ma-
chines. Boring mills do not take tools
of like height as lathes, and the back
and side slopes are usually reduced a
few degrees. Planer tools, again, reduce
on the clearance angle, and have two de-
grees only. This gives a stiffness behind
the point, supports it on entering the
metal, and reduces the tendency to chat-
ter.
All tools used on machines, whether
roughing, finishing, knife or parting
♦ools, can be handled better by a senar-
ate department such as the tool room,
than by individual workmen. The reason
for the many shapes of tools found in a
shop, unsystematically handled, is that
instead of being the result of each
man's "experience," it is merely the re-
sult of "custom," the difference beinc;
nuite obvious. The same remark applies
to the tool smith. It used to be had
nolicv to fall out with the man who
hardened your tools, and anybody, who
has ever worked under these conditions,
knows whv. As the smith becomes fully
acquainted with the m'^thods of treating
the manv different kinds of steel now in
use, it is reasonable to expect that if
he dops his wnrV in Viiinches at a time, in-
stead of one of th's and one of that, while
somebody waits. )ie will turn out more
and better work, pnd get more satisfac-
tion from it as well.
Driving wheel lathe tools, although all
snecially shaped, should, however, eo
throurh the same process in hanrtlins;.
Honsiderable savinB; is claimed at the
Montreal Locomotive Works, on large
finishing tools, by welding a piece of
high-speed steel into a billet steel shank;
the cost of such tools being small, com-
pared with solid hieh-sneed tools of the
necessary heavy section, I might say
that the same process was tried at the
Canadian Pacific Railroad Shops in
Montreal, but whether due to the hard
tires, or otherwise, I understand the
success met with was not convincing
enouiih for Its adoption as a standard.
Rome smaller special tools, however, are
CANADIAN MACHINERY
833
high-speed-steel tipped right along. High-
speed steel for tools used only occasion-
ally, represents capital tied up, and if
you can use your odd ends to tip special
tools, you are certainly getting better
interest on your outlay.
While on ttie subject of machine tools,
the question of standardization of tool
steel comes up. This is a difficult mat-
ter to decide, especially as each steel-
maker claims his is the best. No one
wants inferior tool steel, therefore, they
let us experiment with our own particu-
lar class of materials, and determine
what suits best. Although it may be
impossible to adopt a standard steel tor
all work, I believe it can be done so far
that certain tool steels will be found
better on certain classes of material.
HighLsDeed steel forms a large expendi-
ture item that makes this very desir-
able.
Feeds for Drills.
Feeds for drills vary with the metal
drilled. For medium cast iron, a basis
for a hieh-speed drill might be .01 inch
per revolution, per inch diameter of
drill : this, however, can onlv be con-
sidered a guide. Records, made at ithe
Mastpr Mechanics' Convention, this year,
in Atlantic Citv, show that feeds of
one-tenth of an inch per revolution at
575 r.n.m. were obtained in cast iron
billets with an IJ inch drill removing
metal at the rate 70.55 rub. ins. ner
min. This of course is nbenomenal and
was made under ideal fnnditions.
Cuttinq: sneeds on latbe<!. boring mills,
etc.. bav" al<^o increased, and tend to
increase with each imnrnvement in tool
steels. It is impossible +o do mo'"e tban
make an average statement of what
speeds should be used on various metals,
owing to the manv variable elements to
be considered. The size of the tool and
the qualitv of the tool steel, the capa-
city of the machine, the material oper-
ated on, the depth of cut taken and the
feed employed all influence the cutting
speed.
It must be granted that there are cer-
tain combinations of these elements
better suited to each job than others,
but to determine the correct combina-
tion to remove a certain amount of
stock in the most efficient manner, ne-
cessitates a detail studv of the machine
from a power standpoint, and also an
intimate knowledge of each condition to
be met. It is considered best practice
to remove the necessary metal in one or
two cuts, accordine to the amount to be
removed, and to use the heaviest feed
practicable in connection with available
speeds. The 'size of the tool is determin-
ed in some degree bv the machine, and in
experimenting with tools up to li
inches width, they should be figured to
stand 30 minutes maximum cutting be-
fore showing signs of failure. Careful
experiment will afford much information
of the relations between these elements,
and will give some accurate idea of
what can be expected from each tool.
Modern lathes, with 6 inches centres, re-
quire 5 h.p. to drive, while a 24 inches
centre lathe needs 30 to 40 h.p. to keep
going ; the latter power being necessary
with two tools in operation.
Stroke Machine Speeds.
Stroke machine speeds have risen in
line with other machines. Modern high-
speed planers have cutting speeds from
30 to 90 ft. per minute, with return
speed of 200 ft. per minute. The de-
velopment of electrical reversing gear is
an indication of progress.
Milling machines are a great asset in
a manufacturing shop, especially where
much duplicate work is done. An aver-
age cutting speed is about 70 ft. per
READER, WHAT DO YOU
KNOW?
Among readers of Canadian
Machinery there is a clearly de-
fined sincerity of desire to know
how each overcomes the daily
tasks of the machine, pattern and
blacksmith shops, the foundry
.and boiler shops. It is believed
that your methods and devices,
while good, may be improved, and
thereby made more valuable if
you publish them, so that other
brains may work on them. We
will provide the setting and pay
you for the material. When your
fellow tradesman puts the super-
structure on your foundation, we
pay him and pass the "kink" on
to you, free. Get into the game.
minute, but this, of course, is dependent
on the stock being removed. Feeds vary
from i to 20 inches or more per minute,
dependent on the work also.
Grinding machines are now an asset to
railway shops, being almost indispen-
sable. These machines handle work
roughed-out in other machines, and fin-
ish same quickly and accurately. Grind-
ing is, in reality, milling on a finer
scale, and motion pins and shafts are
made cheaper and better than on a
lathe. A wheel 24 inches diam., running
at 5,000 ft. per minute, gives good re-
sults. At the C.P.R. Montreal shops,
new piston rods are rough turned in the
lathe only ; the body being ground to
size, removing 1-32 inch of diameter,
with a wheel running at 5,000 ft. per
minute. The rod is rotated at 20 revs,
per minute, while the traverse of the
wheel is 38 inches per minute. This en-
tirely dispenses with the rolling opera-
tion.
Reamers and Milling Cutters.
There is a large amount of taper
reaming done in connection with locomo-
tive work, but very little seems to
have been done, so tar, towards getting
better tools than those which have been
in use for many years. The straight
(luted reamer may be all right for par-
allel holes, but for taper holes the
spiral reamer is superior to all others,
long or short. The straight fluted ream-
er has to take a cut its whole length at
one time by a drag or scrape process.
The cutting action here is weak, for the
leneth of the shaving prevents little
more than a scrane being taken. The
eccentric fluted reamer has the advant-
age of not chatteriPT, and is superior to
the ordinary equal fluted reamer, but
with a spiral reamer, we have a shear-
ing action by means of which a cut is
started at one point, and carried until
it leaves the edee of the tool. Spiral
reamers should be made left-handed, so
that it has a tendency to draw itself
from the hole, and not into the hole.
This left-handed spiral will, also, bv the
same tendency, clear its»lf of the chins,
and will not clog nearly so much as the
straight fluted reamer. The benefit of
the sniral reamer is also shown In the
fact that the power, renuired to drive it.
is much less than with the straight
fli'tpd tvne of the same size. If made of
high-spped steel tbev will do better ser-
vice still, although thev are most costlv
to make : the saving, however, will
warrant the expenditure easily.
Milling cutters come in the same class
as reamers, therefore, a few words on
tbpir pcnnomic manufacture is in ordpr.
The nractice of using inserted toothed
millino' cutters for the larger sizes, is
almost universal. Rillet steel makes an
ideal cpntre. and the blades sbould be
made from old high spepd machine tools
forged to proper dimensions and marhin-
ed to fit the grooves in the body. These
latter are cut at an an^lp to the axis so
as to annroximatp the ideal as nearly as
possible. — the ideal beinf. of course, the
spiral. The blades are fitted and liehtlv
caulked in nlace. then turned over the
top to required diameter. Thev are af-
terwards removed and hardened, then
replaced and ground.
This straight blade cutter, however,
has a disadvantage (not met with in
spiral milled cutters) which is rather
difficult to overcome. It will be seen
that the clearance lip in front of the cufr^
ting edge, touches the work at varying
angles throughout the length of the
blade, therefore, if the blade is set so
that its centre has the correct clearance
lip, one end will have excessive and the
other a minus lip, resulting in a drag
action at that end of the cutter. This
also produces uneven strains, which not
only tend to loosen the blades, but put
334
CANADIAN MACHINERY
the whole cutter out of action just as
soon as the weakest portion (where the
scraping takes place) becomes dull. It
is possible to set the blades hack from
the axis so that there is always a cut-
ting lip, but excessive lip at the other
end is thereby increased.
Little attention has been paid this
feature until recently, and now, one
company, at least, are milling the en-
tire front face of the blades, which pro-
jects from the body. This obviates the
evil entirely, and makes the tool the
equivalent of a solid spiral milled cut-
ter. The practice of making solid plain
milling cutters entirely of billet steel is
an economic one, and where the metal to
be removed is of even character and not
too hard, it is to be recommended,
especially on new work of a straightfor-
ward nature. These tools are made
precisely the same as any other cutters
with spiral flutes, but are case-hardened
as deeply as possible. Axle steel or any
high carbon steel will make admirable
cutters if properly case-hardened.
Shop Organization — Efficient Operation
of Individual Machines.
Next in order comes the efficient oper-
ation of individual machnes. Machine
speeds have gone up during the past few
years, and the tendency is to go still
higher. It is necessary to have a range
of speeds on each machine suited to the
class of work to be done Take the case
of drilling machines ; since the advent
of high-speed drills, the correct number
of revs, per rain, has increased on an
average, 75 p.c. over the speed called for
by carbon twist drills. Now, the extra
hieh speed or flat twisted drill used on
certain classes of work demands a speed
130 p.c. over the original speed for the
same size of drill,, therefore, unless drills
are run at the proper speeds, they can-
'-ot work efficiently, so the value ob-
ple, twi i<, minimi7«d. A machine, to drill
one shop-i, i to 2^ Inches, needs a capa-
the entire erec^to 500 r.p.m. High-speed
after, from strlppii.jjich diam., call for
in another shop we SSOO r.p.m., but un-
concerned with the jpiodern design it
alone. A special gang strip)ove this, for
another gang is responsible fo- racks the
wedge work, another for motiofime, but
on ; the whole work being in t.tain. and
of men who are specialists at t is should
tictilar work. In a small sh;ause flat
amount of specializing that can 'gh-speed
on these lines is minimised, biter, and
here, we see that a certain man
does the same job on an engineijzation.
is, in consequence, a specialist, lethods
Shop Organization — Function of ?red in
man. Ty re»-
In manufacturing shops operated mature
modern piece-work or bonus system, sys-
•P«p«r rMd hrtorf tbf Wealern R«ll\ ' .
Oob. <Vtob»r. Mil. IS
•• A»«l»t«nt to ^wiernl InromattTC tortminn
C. P. Br. ibop*. WiDOlper
new work, the standardization of meth-
ods can be accomplished without great
difficulty, and even with repairs, much
may be done in a like direction.
The cost of getting tlie necessary re-
cords for this purpose is more or less
high, because it entails a scientific in-
vestigation of each move by the opera-
tor, and the conditions under which he
works. Just as the scientist, who, in
order to solve any complex problems,
analizes each and every feature of the
case very minutely, so must the same
principle be applied to each shop opera-
tion, in order that details, insignificant
in themselves, be brought to light for
study as to essentials. If essential, then
performance should be as efficient as
possible. This investigation obviously
necessitates a man trained in the work,
it being beyond the capacity of the fore-
man to spend the time, or get the
necessary information. The handling of
material from shop to shop, and from
machine to machine, is now brought
down to a science. Locomotives coming
in for repairs are ordered out by a cer-
tain date ; in consequence, every re-
quired detail is scheduled to conform ac-
cordingly. This scheduling of work is
comparable to that of train running.
The dispatcher knows the location of
all his trains and when due at the next
point. He moves everything accordingly
and secures continuous operation. On a
like basis in our shops, similar and ab-
solute control is obtained.
High Standard of Equipment Repair.
To have an efficiently operated shop,
it is necessary to maintain a high stand-
ard of repair on every machine. Belts
must not be neglected, and a system
should be employed to enable the belt
needs the co-operation of the whole staff
to get results, and it has no place for a
man who does not take a lively inter-
est in every detail intended for the bene-
fit of his shop. The co-operative effort
of every workman is desirable, and the
object in view, that of bringing the con-
ditions affecting the shop to a point as
unvarying as possible, whereby the
greatest advantage may be taken of
modern facilities and the abuse of same
minimized. In short, to use the words
of a well-kmown efficiency engineer, "Our
object is to get the right job done on
the right machine, in the right manner,
by the right man, and at the right
time." When we achieve this, we shall
have an efficiently operated shop as far
as the human element can make it.
NEW TEN-WHEELERS FOR C. P. R.
The Montreal Locomotive Works are
now building for the C.P.R. fourteen
ten-wheel engines of the D4 class. They
have 19x24 inch' cylinders and 62-inch
driving wheels, and the piston valves
are operated by Walschaert valve gear.
The boilers, equipped with the Vaughin-
Horsey superheater, have a working
pressure of 180 fts. The engines ,vill
each weigh about 135,000 lbs., exclusive
of tender, ' and they will be used on
branch lines and for main line way-
freight service. The C.P.R. are to
build ten more of this class at their
Angus shops, Montreal.
The consumption of aluminum
throughout the world is increasing very
rapidly according to a recent statement
in the Daily Consular and Trade Re-
ports. A German source is quoted as
stating that in 1909 the amount consum-
Angles "A" and "B" show how angle between milled surface and front edge of cutter varies
at each end of .the blade. Angle "A" Is actual clearance lip at one end. Angle "B"
Is the minus lip that causes scraping.
man to be located at all times. The
class of hoist each man has at his com-
mand is of importance, and wherever
practicable, individual hoist service as to
be recommended. Jigs, labor saving de-
vices, or ideas, should be encouraged,
and advantage should be taken of the
kinks put forward in our engineering
journals to reduce shop expense.
In conclusion, I would point out that
the foregoing is only the material side
of the question of shop efficiency. It
ed exceeded, 34,000 tons — a marked in-
crease over previous years.
CORRECTION.
The 500 h.p. electric motor driving the
Canada Steel Co.'s rolling mill at Ham-
ilton, Ont., was built by the Canadian
Westinghouse Co., Hamilton, and not by
the Can. Gen. Electric Co., as stated in
the description of the mill which ap-
peared in our November issue.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
335
THE ALWAYS READY AIR HOIST.
T N industrial establishments ol any
size, the compressed air supply for
general power purposes, may be said to
have advanced its status from a mere
convenience to that of an actual neces-
sity, and works, pretending to business
enterprise, without having a permanent
and reliable supply of compressed air,
are now the exception. Compressed air
duction and consumption of air going on
regularly, and at approximately equal
rates, the compressor, with its air stor-
age capacity as usually provided, can
only be reckoned as about a single
minute ahead of the demand, therefore,
if it should stop for that brief space of
time, all the machinery operated by it
may be expected to be out of commis-
sion almost directly. This one minute
tained from their installation, a dupli-
cate order has since beeu received.
Features of Interest.
The principal features of interest in
these cranes are those tending to safety
of operation and economy in current con-
sumption. The structural steel work,
steel shafting, cast-iron, etc., entering
into the manufacture, are each figured
for strength and fitness according to
cmA
The always ready air hoist. — Canadian Hand
Co.
has proven itself an excellent servant for
light, widely separated and occasional
services, and it shows perhaps at its
best when used for hoisting purposes.
A direct-acting single cylinder air hoist,
in its instantaneous readiness, quickness
and precision of action, is without a
rival in its special field, while the gear-
ed motor hoist cannot be surpassed for
control of the rate of lifting and lower-
ing, besides giving absolute certainty of
keeping the load suspended anywhere, as
long as desired.
In the employment of compressed air.
for the driving of steadily operated
tools or machines, there is one particu-
lar condition, generally imperative. It
is necessary to have a continuously run-
ning compressor, because it is not prac-
ticable to store air in sufficient quantity
to last any length of time. With capac-
ity adapted to its regular load, and pro-
The always ready air hoist— Canadian Rand Co.
of margin, however, compares advantage-
ously with the electric drive, in which
there is not a single second of stand-by.
It really needs little, reckoned in
horse power, for any single operation of
hoisting, and the time taken is very
brief when compared with the intervals
of rest between; therefore, a small com-
pressor running continuously may supply
several air hoists, without recourse to
excessive or expensive storage capacity.
In shops where the' air supply is main-
tained for operating pneumatic tools and
numerous other devices, so common
in railroad shops, consumption of air by
the hoists is scarcely appreciable. To
raise one ton, five feet high in one min-
ute, requires only one-half horse power,
including liberal allowances for friction
and other losses, and this half horse
power may be supplied from a compres-
sor with one-tenth of that capacity or
less by allowing it to work right along
through the generally occurring inter-
vals between lifts.
ELECTRICALLY OPERATED OVER-
HEAD TRAVELING CRANES.
I^HE electrically operated overhead
travelling cranes described and
illustrated herewith were supplied re-
cently by Royce, Ltd., Manchester,
England, for the boiler shop of David
Rowan & Co., Clvdebank, Scotland. As
evidence of the satisfactory results ob-
British Government rules, ensuring
thereby reliability on a basis of test
and experience over a wide range.
Regarding safety in handling the rais-
ed load, it may be pointed out that
dup'.icate electrical solenoid brakes are
fitted to the hoisting motion, each be-
ing capable of holding with ease the
rated overload capacity of the crane.
Both brakes act simultaneously when
the current is switched on or off the
hoisting motor circuit, and are immedi-
ately applied should there be failure of
the current supply from any cause. In
addition to the foregoing, special con-
trollers are supplied, fitted with dyna-
mic or regenerative control for lowering
the load. Further, the Royce governor
gear attached to the hoisting motion
regulates and prevents excessive lower-
ing speeds with heavy loads. The pos-
sibility of brake failure or the sudden
burning-out of the motor, either of which
would make the load uncontrollable, is
thus provided for in the combination
above described, and ensures against
descent at an unsafe speed. To the
hoisting brakes, there is also fitted a
hand release arrangement, enabling the
operator to lower anv load that is
heavy enough to revolve the gearing,
without expenditure of current.
Improved roller bearings are fitted to
the end carriage travelling wheel axles,
and also to the axles of the crab or
886
CANADIAN MACHINERY
troUer upon the bridge. These greatly
contribute to economy in current con-
sumption. An adjustable slipping drive
by gearing is fitted to the longitudinal
ttarelling motor, which absolutely pre-
vents overloading the latter from such
a cause as the too rapid acceleration of
the crane, etc. It, at the same time,
acts as a most powerful brakte in stop-
ping the travelling of the crane, in cases
of emergency, and is quite a separate ar-
rangement from the usual toot brake
operated by the attendant in the cage
or cab.
Over-hoisting safeguards are fitted to
both the main and auxiliary hoisting
motions, which in the event of lifting a
load too high, open the circuit in the
hoisting direction only, so that while it
may not be lifted higher, it can be low-
ered by reversing the motor or using the
hand release arrangement referred to.
When a certain predetermined point has
been passed, the lifting circuit is again
automatically restored without further
attention.
To overcome the possibility of loose
keys in pinions, etc., the makers have
adopted the principle of forging pinion
shafts out of stock equal in diameter to
the pinion. This puts the vexed question
of loose keys and broken pinions beyond
a possibility.
All gearing upon the crab, wherever
possible, has been placed inside the bear-
ings, thus facilitating the replacing of a
bearing sleeve. All bearing sleeves are
semi-spherically seated, and can easily
be slipped into position without dis-
turbing the gearing. Further, this ar-
rangement allows of the gear of the
main hoisting barrel being mounted di-
rectly upon the end of the barrel. This
gear ring is made up of a wrought steel
ring forged from a billet and shrunk on.
Such a method indisputably overcomes
any possibility of hidden blow-holes, and
consequent broken gears, or even gear
teeth, as may be the case with steel
castings.
All the motors are of the six pole,
totally enclosed slow speed type, especi-
ally designed and built for crane work.
The commutators are mounted upon the
armature spiders, so that it is quite
possible for a mechanic to replace a
shaft without disturbing the connection
between the armature coils and commu-
tator. All carbon brushes and brush
holders in the several crane motors are
of the same size. Field coils can be re-
placed without removing the armature
from the motor frame and disturbing
the shaft couplings. The bearings are
ring lubricated and absolutely oil retain-
ing. All the detailed parts of the crane,
including motors, controllers, etc., bear
a distinguishing number to facilitate or-
dering of spares, and all similar parts
are strictly interchangeable.
Respecting wiring of the cranes, all
wires are run within solid drawn steel
tubing, the fittings for which, such as
bends, tees, etc., are screwed together,
and insulating bushings used to prevent
chafina;. Where the wires leave the tub-
ing, this allows of no possibility of dam-
age caused by the constant vibration of
the crane in operation. There is also
provided and fixed in the cage
a suitable terminal board, enclosed
under cast iron covers, by the use of
which it is possible to separate the cir-
cuit of the motor from its respective
controller for testing, when necessary.
The makers seem, as far as it is pos-
sible, to have designed the parts to make
everything easy of access, and have pro-
vided hand operating gear to all mo-
tions.
Electrically-operated ovorliead traveling nraneg manafactnred by Boy<;e, I<ld., of Toronto and Manchester, England.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
887
Among orders received during the past
18 months, may be mentioned two over-
head travelling cranes of 350,000 pounds
capacity, for the Kawasaki Dockyard,
Japan, and two cranes of similar size
and capacity as those, tor David Rowan
& Co., for Lobnitz & Co., Renfrew,
Scotland.
The Canadian business of Royce Ltd.,
is directed from their registered office,
Lumsden Building, Toronto, by C. S.
Mallett, a gentleman of large experience
and intimacy with the firm's product as
a many years' employee.
CANADA CAR AND FOUNDRY CO.
The Canadian Car and Foundry Co.
lias received an order from the Grand
Trunk Railway for two thousand freight
ears (making four thousand cars order-
ed by this progressive railway in two
weeks), and another order of twenty-five
thousand freight ears from the Canadian
Paoifip Railway. Resarded as an econ-
Knock-down interior — T'niversal Transmission
omic factor in the general situation, it
shows that business in Canada, at least,
is going full tilt ahead. Mr. Curry,
president of the Canadian Car and
Foundry Co., stated recently that gen-
eral conditions were improving in their
readjustments, and that the company
would soon find itself in a comfortable
position. The above orders, just entered,
go far towards a fulfilment of the views
expressed.
UNIVERSAL TRANSMISSION.
A new device has recently been in-
vented known as "Universal
Transmission" by which it is possible
to transmit pawer from one form of
Constructional Detail.
The universal transmission apparatus
consists of two revolving parts each op-
erating on a longitudinal axis, although
their axis need not necessarily be in the
same straight line. In each half or part
of the system, a number of pistons and
cylinders are placed around the main
axis and parallel to it, so that their
pistons, when operating, move back and
forth in a direction parallel to it. The
heads of the piston rods are held in
what is known as a head-plate through
the centre of which the main axis
passes. The head-plate in each case
is normally at right angles to the main
axis but may be tilted, at any angle to
it, by a simple adjustment. Each part
of this mechanism is enclosed in a
stout metallic casing, and revolves in
oil which occupies all the space inside,
not taken up by metal.
\':ih'e itl:ito--Univers;il Transmission.
apparatus such as a motor, steam en-
gine, or other prime mover capable of
revolving on an axis, to another appar-
atus in the immediate neighborhood of
the first. The value of this transmis-
sion scheme lies in the fact that it is
very efficient, that revolution in either
direction may be obtained, although the
prime mover revolves continuously in
one direction, and that any required
part of the energy of the prime mover
may be utilized at will, without steps
or abrupt gradation
A8seml>ly. drawn apart — Universal Transmis-
sion.
The two parts of the apparatus are
separated by a mid-plate through which
two passages on opposite sides of the
plate connect the two halves of the sys-
tem. If, when the head-plate is at right
angles to its axis, either main axis re-
volves, there is no motion of the pis-
Electrlcally-operated overhead traveling cranes, manufactured by Royce, Ltd., ot Toronto, and Manchester, Bngland.
338
CANADIAN MACHINERY
tons in their cylinders. Slightly tilting
the head-plate causes the pistons to
work, and the head-plate revolv-
ing sets up a current in the
oil trom one half of the sys-
tem to the other half through the pass-
ages in the mid-plate. The current, pro-
duced hy the pistons operating in one
end, causes the pistons in the other end
to operate in unison, which in turn con-
tinues the revolving motion. The am-
ount of energy transmitted depends on
the angle at which the head-plate is
held. By simply reversing the angle the
second end is made to rotate in the op-
posite direction.
The scheme as yet is limited in its ad-
plication, being so far specially designed
for turret and gun control in naval
work. The apparatus is being manu-
factured bv the Universal Transmission,
Ltd.. of New York, and is being intro-
duced on the Canadian market.
THE CANADIAN SIROCCO CO., LTD.
1*HE .\merican Blower Co., Detroit,
Mich., with factory also at Troy,
New York, and branch offices throughout
the world, have come to realize the in-
dustrial importance of tne Dominion of
Canada, as evidenced by the charter ap-
lication just filed, for a company to be
known as the Canadian Sirocco Co., of
Windsor, Ontario. This company has ac-
quired from the City of Windsor, a tract
of land, centrally located, comprising
about 4i acres, situated on the Essex
Terminal Railway, and will proceed at
once with the erection of a plant, which,
when completed, will doubtless be one
of the most complete of its kind on this
continent. Work is to proceed at once
on the construction of the erecting shop,
(50 X 200 feet) which will be of steel
and concrete construction, also the office
the blower business of the world by
their space and power-saving features.
These patents are controlled in the
United States, the U.S. possessions,
Mexico, Central and South America and
Japan, by the American Blower Co.,
and in Europe, by Davidson & Co., Si-
rocco Engineering Works, Belfast, Ire-
Driven end— Unlv.ersal Transmission.
land, home of S. C. Davidson, the in-
ventor.
Sirocco fans are being largely specified
and used throughout tlie world for me-
chanical draft on boilers, mine ventila-
tion, heating and ventilating plants, for
public buildings, school houses, factories,
stores, and in the British navy. The
Canadian Sirocco Co. will also manufac-
ture the full line of the American Blow-
er Co. products, consisting of fans,
blowers, heating, ventilating, drying ap-
paratus, steam engines, steam traps,
etc.
The Canadian Sirocco Co. enters the
Dominion of Canada with the complete
ing Club of Canada held a very enjoy-
able "smoker" at the St. Charles
Hotel, Toronto, when about 250 mem-
bers and their friends were present. The
earlier part of the evening was devoted
to euchre, after which refreshments were
served. The company then settled down
to enjoy an excellent program of music,
etc., provided by Mr. H. G. Fletcher,
chairman of ihe reception committee
The various items were received with
much favor, not the least popular being
a ventriloquial "turn" by Mr. Kelly.
UNITED ENGINEERING &FOUNDRRY 00.
Suit was entered Nov. 27th, 1911, in
the United States Circuit Court of New
Jersey, by the United Engineering &
Foimdrv Co., of Pittsburg, Pa., against
R. D. Wood & Co. and the Camden Iron
Works, for infringement of patents con-
trolled by it on steam hydraulic forging
presses, working on the single lever au-
tomatic cut-oft principle, of which the
TTnited Engineering & Foundry Co. has
in operation eighteen presses ranging
from 150 tons to 5000 tons capacity.
6E0METRI0 THREADING MACHINE.
'PHE Geometric Threading Machine,
illustrated and described on pages
308 and 309 of the November issue of
Canadian Machinery, is the product of
the Geometric Tool Co., New Haven,
Conn.
Mr. Lever, the big soap man and not-
ed philanthropist, speaking near Bolton,
England, lately, said he knew of em-
ployers who asked were they their bro-
thers' keepers? If ' they were stronger,
and had more intelligence and more op-
Canaoiam StROCCOCoHPANY i*
Wmosoo Ohtario. ~"
building. This is about all that seems
possible of completion for occupancy this
winter, and probably the foundry build-
ing will come next, and be started in
the spring.
The company will hold the exclusive
patent rights for the manufacture in
Canada of the famous "Sirocco" fans
and blowers, which have revolutioni/jid
engineering staff of The American Blow-
er Co. at its disposal, and the City of
Windsor has been fortunate in securing
this important industry,
CENTRAL RAILWAY AND ENGINEER-
ING CLUB.
On the evening of Friday, December
1st, The Central Railway and Engincer-
portunities, then they had the responsi-
bility of helping their brothers. They
should pay the highest salary that an
industry could afford, and should fix
wages as if for their brothers and list-
ers. Dividends and wages should have
at least equal consideration, and if there
was to be any tendency to advantage, it
must be with wages.
J
MACHINE SHOP METHODS \ DEVICES
Unique Ways of Doing TTiings in the Machine Shop. Readers' Opinions
Concerning Shop Practice. Data for Machinists. Gsntributions paid for.
A NOVEL COUNTERBORE.
By A D. Campbell, Hamilton.
'Tp HE counterbore here shown, in the
•*• course of over twelve months' ser-
vice, has proved a useful tool for fac-
ings and recesses for hexagon nuts and
bolt heads. The taper shank and arbor
or spindle, are of tool steel (Jessop's),
made in one piece; the tang of the shank
being hardened and tempered, as is also
the end of the spindle, to prevent cut-
ting and burning. Referring to Fig. 1,
the high-speed steel cutter is double-
ended, one set of teeth doing the cutting,
while the other set is engaged by teeth
£rivin& Hub
(M»ch"v StceO
is merely to keep the cutter from drop-
ping of! the spindle. From Fig. 2 and
its corresponding table Fig. 3, the di-
mensions of spindle for various sized
bolts may be obtained, while the other
table. Fig. 4, gives the dimensions of *^e
driving hubs and cutters.
AN IMPROVED RAIL CLAMP.
'pHE "Canal Record" gives the fol-
lowing description of an improved
clamp used in the construction tracks,
and invented by W. H. Bates, superin-
tendent of steam shovel repairs. After
a six months' trial, it is now pfv-
CUTTCR
(HS.STttL^
or otherwise. The key being abovt the
rail, avoids mud and water.
The principle, on which the apparatus
works, is similar to that of a pair ot
ice tongs. The) clamp consists of two
steel castings which form the hooks and
body of the ice tongs as well as a con-
venient handle. These castings are fast-
ened together by means of a heavy rivet
which acts as a hinge pin. The hooks
bear on the under side of the rail head
when the wedge is driven above the rail
and below the hinge pin ; thus giving a
secure grip on the rail. The cost ot the
new clamp is considerably less than toat
of the old style.
.Tooi- STCtl.
t:
HARDENED
-t-
I
I
I
-4-
0
TAPER A
Cmorse)
B
-I — r^
Fiff. 1. — A novel counterbore.
of corresponding shape on the driving
hub. This hub, of machinery steel, is
shrunk and pinned upon the spindle after
the latter has been ground all over. That
part of the spindle which enters the hole
to be faced is ground .005 inch small to
prevent binding.
When one end of the cutter gets dull,
it can be reversed and the other end
used. If it wears out, a new cutter can
be quickly and cheaply made, or the old
one can be annealed and the teeth cut
deeper. The headless set screw shown
HARoeNEO
'manently adopted, and 350 pieces ot the
apparatus have been ordered fox service.
The function of ' this clamp is to act
as a "stop," when a steam shovel is
moving forward, to prevent its running
off the end of the track : also to "blo''k"
Size
or
Bolt
TAfSR
A
B
c
B
e
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4"
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4^-
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s'i
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Fiff. 2. — A noTel coanterbore.
A DRILL GAUGE POR THE TOOL
ORIB.
By Chas. Hattenberger, BuHalo, N.Y.
'TpHE gauge herewith illsutrated is in
■^ principle a micrometer caliper ot
special form, adapted for quickly meas-
uring drills, reamers, counterbores, etc.,
which have no size stamped on them, or
have had the marks obliterated. Such
a gauge screwed to a bench or rack in a
convenient spot will save the toolkeeper
much time spent in trying the sizes
with ring gauges or ordinary calipers.
The gauge consists of a cast-iron stand
A, having two arms, one of which is
drilled \ inch diameter to take the an-
Fic 3. — A novel counterbore.
Improved rail clamp.
the truck wheels securely in place when
the shovel is working. The clamp used
previously, was attached to the rail by
means of a key driven under the base of
the rail, consequently it was necessary
to place the clamp between ties. When
the track is in mud and water up to the
rails, the annoyance and delay incident
to attaching the old clamp were con-
siderable ; furthermore, the ties often in-
terfered with locating the clamp where
desired.
The new clamp is fastened to the rail
by means of a tapered key of steel pass-
ing crosswise* over the rail, and thus
permits its being set directly over a tie.
DIMENSIONS OF DRIVING HUBS
AND CUTTERS
Size of
Bolt
DRI
VINC,
UB
HEX Bolt Ht*D
CUTTER roo
HEX. NUT
DIA
LEN&TH
OIA
LENGTH
Dl*
LCNtTM
¥
T:
V
X
/*
V
/•
i'
t
%;
%
/i'
4'
/i"
%•
lii'
V
if;
/i'
iS
ir
V
iV
iV
\
IV
1^
/i:
%
i|*
\'a
ii'
2'
i|'
Z'
/•
1?:
'%"
ij-
2^
I'l
z'i
/4-
i|
li"
I
^k'
k
zk'
'4'
i
•1"
II'
24"
4
zV
Fig. 4. — A novel coanterbore.
MO
Til B, which is pressed in. The >ther
arm is not screwed, but is bored out
plain to take the measuring screw C, 1
inch diameter. The lead of this screw
equals one thread per inch, the groove
being i inch wide and 3-16 inch deep.
One end of the screw is turned down to
fit the hub of the cast-iron wheel D. The
latter has four spokes and is turned to
H inches diameter. The circumference
Drill caaxe (or the tool crib.
is then graduated in the milling machine
into sixty-four parts, which are marked
from zero to 63-64. A small screw E
fits into the groove of the measuring
screw and acts as a nut.
Readings are taken by means of the
straight edge F, which is made of round
cold-rolled stock, and is filed flat for a
portion of its length, in order that it
may be brought close up against the
wheel and clear readings obtained. Its
round end is clamped in a boss which
projects from the casting A. When the
end of the screw C is touching the an-
vil B, the wheel must be adjusted on its
spindle so that the zero mark comes in
JIk (or berel wlieeli.
line with the top of the straight-elge
F. It can then be secured permanently
in position by the nut O. The face of
the anvil and end of the screw should be
case-hardened with cyanide, and the base
of A drilled (or three holding-down
sciewB.
Readings are obtained by inserting the
drill, or other tool to be measured, be-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
twecn the end of the screw and the an-
vil and reading oB the size on the wheel
at the straight-edge. If the drill is
larger than 1 inch, a number, equal to
the number of revolutions of the wheel
from zero, must be added to the read-
ing. Thus, in gauging a li inch drill,
the wheel will make one complete turn
and stop at the i mark. Similarly for
a 2i inch drill, the wheel will make two
and a quarter turns. In practice the
toolkeeper does not need to keep track
of the number of revolutions. The frac-
tional reading is all he needs, since his
eye enables him to tell whether the
reading is for a i, IJ or 2i drill.
A METHOD OF TWISTING RETAED-
ERS FOR BOILER TUBES.
By W. H., Collingwood.
■pOR the benefit of those whose occu-
■^ pation does not bring them into
close touch with boiler work, it may be
as well to explain that a retarder is a
long thin narrow plate twisted into a
helix and inserted in the tube ; its pur-
pose being to give a rotary motion to
the hot gases anil to reduce the speed of
their passage.
In the shops of the Collingwood Ship-
building Co., Collingwood, Ont., such
retarders are frequently called for as
part of the equipment oi Scotch marine
boilers built there, and the following
method is employed for twisting them.
The retarders for 3-inch tubes consist
of steel strips 10 feet long by 2^ inches
wide by i inch thick. One end is grip-
ped in the chuck of an ordinary bolt
cutter, while the other end is prevented
from turning by the device here illus-
trated.
This latter is made up from 3-inch
w.i. pipe, and besides gripping the free
end of the retarder, also keeps it
straight. The pipe A stands at the
same level as the centre line of the bolt
cutter. Two clamps B.B. are bolted
round the pipe, and a swinging arm C
is fulcrumed to one of them. This arm
has a narrow jaw at its free end, as
seen in the end view D, and may be
raised-up above E, to receive a pin,
when required. The strips to be twist-
ed are inserted in the tube, three at a
time. At one end they are gripped in
the bolt cutter chuck, and the jaw of C
brought down over the other end pre-
vents them turning. The bolt cutter is
next started on its lowest speed, and
the twisted effect produced throughout
the entire length of each retarder.
tition work of this class. To make the
jig, proceed as follows :— Take a circular
plate A, about one inch thick by nine
inches diameter, and turn it up true all
over, leaving a boss on the back about
i inch high. Next, put a recess in the
lathe face-plate, slightly deeper than the
boss, and fit the latter nicely all round,
so that the jig can be set in place by
a few light taps of a hammer handle.
The slots in the face-plate are now
marked on the jig A, and the latter
drilled or tapped for two or more set
screws, as shown. Replace the jig,
tighten set screws, and rough-out the
face a little smaller than the outside
diameter of the teeth of the wheel to be
bored, keeping the angle correct. Then
JIO FOR BEVEL WHEELS.
By G. Barrett, Montreal.
■pOR boring mitre, bevel or skew gear
wheels, the jig here shown will be
toimd useful in a shop doing much repe-
^
□c::
B
B
Floor
Level
ri-OOK I ' 'I Ut.Vt.l_
Twisting retar-lers for boil.!r tulies.
skim up, till the face and the inside cor-
ner o! the teeth bed themselves on the
jig. Next, make a clamp, as shown at
B, to hold the wheel in place while be-
ing bored. This may be made of ^-inch
or |-inch steel plate, the jaw being cut
out large enough to clear the boss ' on
the hack of the wheel. The set screw C
serves to adjust the height, being
tapped through the clamp and bearing
on the face plate. The jig has a tapped
hole at D, to take the set screw which
secures the clamp. The slot in the lat-
ter, allows it to be adjusted longitudin-
ally on the former. The jaw should be
made long enough to reach beyond the
centre line, as' shown at E, to ensure the
wheel lying flat on the jig.
Separate jigs can be made to suit dif-
ferent sizes and types of wheels, each
jig being marked for its own class. It
is well to put a mark on top of the jig
and a corresponding mark on the lathe
face-plate so that the jig may always be
replaced in the same position.
I have introduced this arrangement in-
to several shops and have always manag-
ed to increase the output by about 50
per cent.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
841
TIRE-HEATING APPARATUS.
By R. N. Saunders, Montreal.
I^HE accompanying cuts show an ap-
paratus for burning crude oil and
designed to heat tires in batches of six
or more at one time. It is in success-
ful use in the Angus Shops, of the
C.P.R., where it is handling truck wheel
tires up to 40 inches in diameter. The
tires are stacked on top of each other
upon a fire-brick base, hollowed out in
the centre. As seen in fig. 2, the base
has three air passages leading from the
centre to the outside, their purpose be-
ing to relieve the pressure set up in-
side the tires by the air blast, while the
hollowed centre gives upward direction
to the hot gases, and thereby distributes
the heat more evenly over the whole
pile.
A is a cast iron pipe enlarged at one
end, C and B is a Rockwell oil-burner,
complete combustion in chamber C and
pipe A. The fierce flame, Issuing from
A, strikes the fire-brick base, and is
thence deflected upwards, as shown by
the arrows in fig. 1. A circular steel
plate, about 3-16-inch thick and of sufiS-
cient diameter to cover the largest tires
heated, is bolted to the end of pipe A.
It is lined with asbestos, the purpose
being to conserve the heat. The whole
apparatus -is carried on a cast iron
bracket, which can be adjusted vertical-
ly on the supporting column by means
of the balance weight. Bolt D, working
in a slot in the column, prevents the
bracket from swinging round. The cir-
cular plate is maintained at a height of
3 to 5 inches above the top tire, in or-
der that the burnt gases may freely es-
cape.
This heater is giving excellent satis-
faction, and will heat six tires in from
during the time occupied in shrinking the
upper tires on their wheel centres. The
Fig. 2. — Tire heating apparatus.
coupled by means of flexible metallic
hose to the compressed air and oil lines.
The open end of the combustion cham-
ber C, is covered by a perforated plate
E, with one-inch hole at the centre, op-
posite the burner. This plate allows
sufficient air to be drawn in to secure
twenty to twenty-five minutes. Previous
to its installation, tires were heated
singly by city gas, the time occupied for
each being about eighteen minutes. The
lower tires get more heat than the up-
per, but this is an advantage, as other-
wise,, they would cool down too much
Fig. 1. — Tire taeatinir apparatui.
vertical column supporting the burner,
etc., is of wrought iron pipe, and can
turn freely in the socket at its foot.
When the tires are sufficiently heated,
the whole apparatus is swung round out
of the way, enabling the crane to oper-
ate.
Mechanical Drawing and Sketching for Machinists*
By B. P.
A Series of Progressive Lessons Designed to Familiarize Mechanics With the Use of the
Apparatus Necessary to Make Simple Drawings, to Encourage them to Realize Hov Im-
portant a Factor it is of Their Equipment, as Well as Being a Profitable Pastime.
THEREWITH there is shown a cast
iron eccentric strap, suitable for
the eccentric which formed part of the
November lesson. As may be seen in
Fig. 1, the two halves are separated,
but in making the drawing, they should
be assembled, and if convenient, includ-
ing the eccentric as well. The two
halves of the strap are held together by
the bolts B, and the eccentric rod is at-
tached by means of the bolts C. The
• Tenth of a series of an Instruction Course.
straps can be adjusted for wear by filing
the faces which bolt together. In most
cases, the straps do not meet at the
centre line, as in this example, but stop
i inch each side of it; a J inch strip or
liner, being inserted, and removed for
thinning down as wear takes place in the
strap body. It is also a common prac-
tice to insert a liner of brass or white
metal between the eccentric and the
strap to reduce friction. Such an ar-
rangement is shown at A. The oil cup
on the back half is cast solid with the
strap and is tapped out at the top to
receive the hexagon brass cap.
Exercise. — .\s the drawing has been
purposely left incomplete, show the nuts
correctly; add in plan, a section along
the centre line, and give an end view
looking in the direction of the arrow.
Note that the bolts are prevented
from turning in the holes by feathers, or
dowels, 3-16 inch diameter. The oil
cup and its cover are not quite fully
342
CANADIAN MACHINERY
dimensioned, but the student should
nevertheless be able to give it correct
proportions. A scale of i size, (3
inches to 1 toot) will be suitable for
this drawing.
Bachet Wheel.
Fig. 2 shows a ratchet wheel and the
method of laying out the teeth. Put
down the centre lines for the upper
view and draw the three inner circles.
Then set the compasses to a radius of
2| inches and lightly draw a circle to
represent the outside diameter over the
teeth. The depth of the teeth is not
directly stated, but from other dimen-
sions given it is found to be i inch and
another circle is lightly drawn to repre-
sent this amount. Next divide the cir-
cumference of the outer circle into the
same number of parts as there are
teeth. If the number of teeth be an odd
quantity, like 29 or 37, the only way to
proceed is to set the dividers to the
approximate pitch and step oB the dis-
tance all round the circle; re-adjusting
the dividers on arriving again at the
starting point and repeating the process
until the exact pitch is found.
In the present example there are 30
teeth,— a very convenient number. Since
a circle contains 360 degrees, there will
be 60 degrees in one-sixth of a circle,
and one-sixth of 30 teeth is 5 teeth;
hence it we take the 60 degree set-
square, and draw a line from the centre
at an angle of 60 degrees with the hori-
zontal, and then divide the arc cut off
by this line into five equal parts, we
shall obtain the pitch of the teeth much
quicker than if we divided the whole
circle. We, therefore, divide the arc A.
U. into five equal parts and mark of! the
pitch thus obtained all round the circle.
From each point, draw short radial
lines, representing the faces of the teeth;
the backs of the latter being obtained by
joining the point of one tooth to the
root of the next.
The key securing the ratchet wheel to
its shaft is } inch wide by 3-16 inch
thick and is embedded equally in wheel
and shaft. The hub is IJ inches wide
and the rim f inch wide, while the thick-
ness of the web connecting them is J
inch.
Exercise.— Draw lull size, making low-
er view; in section, and giving an outside
view to the right of the elevation.
THE PRESENT BUSINESS CONDITION.
'TPO the thoughtful citizen it is appar-
ent that the tendency of much
of the state and national legisla-
tion is to depress rather than to en-
courage activities • which make lor the
country's material advancement and
prosperity. Political and social unrest
find expression in extreme measures
which seriously disturb economic stabil-
ity. Radical and unwarranted legisla-
tion is proposed as the panacea for
• statement and resolution adopted at fif-
teenth annual convention of National Found-
ers' Association, New York, November 16, 1911.
every ill and every shortcoming. Pol-
tical mountebanks feed upon prejudice
and build upon hatred and selfishness.
The pendulum of public opinion, there-
lore, has swung to extremes and has
caused apprehension and uncertainty
where confidence and certainty should
prevail.
In the meantime a country whose nor-
mal temperament is hopeful and optim-
istic, a land of wonderful resourcefulness
and boundless possibilities, of remark-
able energy and constructive ability, is
languishing under a prolonged industrial
depression.
That the panic of 1907 was primarily
a financial disturbance which should be
\:y
Vlg. 2. — Drawloc and sketclilug.
Fig. 1. — Drawing and sketchlnjr.
followed by a period of industrial de-
pression was to be expected. That this
depression should be prolonged over a
period of years is unwarranted and must
be laid to causes which should and must
be removed. Be it therefore
Resolved, that, in the judgment of the
National Founders' Association the time
has arrived when the country should
awaken to the real situation, discoun-
tenance public expressions and legislative
action designed to discourage legitimate
enterprise and commercial and industrial
development, and denounce the political
tinkerers who destroy confidence and
undermine the economic stability of a
great nation. And be it further
Resolved, that we bespeak for the
American people a returning confidence
in themselves, a conservative attitude on
all controversial problems and the ap-
plication of sane methods to their solu-
tion; a more friendly co-operation be-
tween capital and labor, between
employer and employe ; that we
impress upon the agencies of govern-
ment the duty to promote rather than
retard the progress and prosperity of a
whole people.
DEVELOPMENTS IN MACHINERY
A Record of New and Improved Machinery Tending Towards Higher Quality and
Economical Production in the Machine Shop, Blacksmith Shop or Planing Mill.
A NEW MACHINE TOOL.
TVyriJCH has been written pertaining
•*•'•*■ to tlie problem of boring square
holes, and the attempts towards the
construction of a practical tool for this
class of work have been numerous. Vari-
ous devices in the shape of attachments
for ordinary lathes or milling machines,
etc., have been recently offered in the
market, hut they have failed to pro-
duce satisfactory results, owing to the
difficulties in the proper mounting of
the device on any standard machine
tool. Experiments have, however, con-
clusively proved that such attachments
cannot be fastened rigidly enough to
withstand the side thrust caused by the
eccentric jarring motion of the cutter,
at right angles to the working spindle.
It was further demonstrated that the
carriage of the average lathe did not
offer sufficient stiffness to hold the
working pieces rigidly in position. This
is one of the vital points in obtaining
perfectly square holes.
The R. K. LeBlond Machine Tool Co.,
Cincinnati, Ohio, who enjoy the repu-
tation of being leading machine tool de-
signers, have taken an interest in this
problem, and after careful study of the
subject and its former weaknesses,
have come to the conclusion that this
work can only be done satisfactorily
with a special machine tool, in which
the arrangements for cutting square
holes are embodied in the design. Con-
sidering, however, that a machine which
would do nothing else but cut square
holes, would be too great an invest-
ment to many customers, they have de-
signed a combination machine tool
which is not only adapted for milling
square holes, but also possesses all the
features of a standard milling machine.
It is designed along the lines of the
LeBlond No. 2 plain milling machine,
with such changes as are of advantage
to the successful operation of the
square hole cutters. The principle used
in this work is the same as employed
in other devices, namely, the revolution
of a triangular shaped bit, similar to
an end mill, in a stationary master
guide of appearance much like a regular
drill chuck. This stationary guiding
chuck is fastened directly to the column
of the machine by means of a flange,
and entirely eliminates all the former
troubles of lost motion.
The cutter receives its motion from a
special driving member fastened to the
nose of the spindle. This not only
causes the cutter to rotate, but at the
same time gives it freedom to travel
eccentrically in the master guide. The
whole arrangement for cutting square
holes, simple in itself, is easily de-
tached, the machine being then ready
for regular milling work or vice-versa.
As it is advantageous, when cutting
square holes in tough material, to pre-
viously drill a round hole, the machine
is furnished with an appliance for op-
erating ordinary twist drills, and which
engages in the arrangement for boring
square holes. Both operations can be
done in succession on the same work-
piece.
As the attachment for cutting square
holes projects considerably beyond the
ranged with two separate cross feeds,
one for regular milling work and the
other for extra fine feeds starting from
.001 inches. In cutting square holes,
the work must be held absolutely rigid,
a special vise being furnished with the
machine for this purpose. The possi-
bility of using this machine for regular
milling work, as well as tor cutting
square or rectangular holes and other
odd jobs, will make it a valuable addi-
tion to the equipmeni of every tool-
room, to say nothing of regular manu-
facturing purposes where square holes
are used for commercial work. Fig. 1
shows a side view of the complete ma-
chine; fig. 2 shows an axial cross sec-
New machine tool. — Tbe NUes-Bement-Pond Company.
nose of spindle, it would on a standard
machine decrease the working space in
front of the cutter, therefore, the col-
umn bearing the main spindle has been
set back to gain the distance taken up
by this projection, thus maintaining the
full working range of the table. In or-
der to secure absolute rigidity of the
work pieces on the table, a special hrace
is provided which connects the knee
with the overhanging arm as well as
with the base of the machine.
As the cutting of square holes requires
a very fine feed, the machine is ar-
tion through square hole cutting ar-
rangement, and fig. 3 illustrates the ap-
pliances for the operation of twist
drills.
Detail Description.
Fig. 1. — A, column with main spindle
bearing; B, Detachable chuck lor cut-
ting square holes; C, the cutter; D,
special vise lor holding work; E, speci-
al brace connecting knee with overhang-
ing arm and base G.
Fig. 2 :— The square hole arrange-
ment shown in this cross section con-
344
CANADIAN MACHINERY
sists mainly of two separate bodies.
1st— the driving member K, which is
screwed to nose of spindle; 2nd— the sta-
tionary guiding chuck H, which is bolt-
ed to the column orer main bearing.
The driving member contains a floating
driving dog, L, into which cutters C
engage by means of a taper thread. Be-
hind this dog is a floating thrust plate
A aENERAL PURPOSE OAR TOOL.
Ti^^NY car shops, especially those
•^"■^ largely devoted to repair work,
have a good deal of cutting off, gaming
and tenoning to perform, but not enough
of each kind to justify the installation
of separate tools. To meet the demand
for a "general purpose tool" which will
do all of this work, J. A. Fay & V.^sm
New macbioe tool detull. — The NUes-Bement- I'onrt Company.
which takes up the end of drills. The
stationary guilding chuck contains the
master guide, which consists of two
jaws N.N-1. forming an adjustable
square guiding hole in which the drill
C is forced to describe its particular
cam motion. O is a right and left hand
screw for opening and closing these in
accordance with size of drill used.
Fig. 3, for boring round holes in con-
nection with the arrangement for cut-
ting square holes. A round bushing, T,
is inserted in the square guiding hole,
which serves as a bearing for the
shank R, and contains a regular Morse
taper Q. This shank is fastened in the
driving member by means of the taper
thread R, and describes a regular revo-
lution inside the bushing T. Any size
twist drill can be inserted in the
Morse cone, and the whole arrange-
ment is ea.sily taken off. The machine
is furnished with complete equipment for
regular plain milling. The range for
boring square holes is from i to 2
inches.
It U evident that the installation of
such a machine tool, which is always
handy as a regular plain miller, will
open new fields of manufacture and will
be of value to every tool -room for
special work of all kinds
Co., the railway car shop tool builders,
Cincinnati, have brought out what is
known as their No. 5 Large Car Ten-
oner and Gainer.
As a gainer, this machine will cut
gains in any part of heavy timbers. It
w ill work timbers up to 23 inches wide
by 15 inches thick, and the C shaped
saw, it will do all kinds of heavy cut-
off work, a 20 inch blade cutting-oR up
to 6 inches thick.
The carriage is moved by rack and
pinion feed, the return movement being
about three times faster than the for-
ward or cutting movement. There is no
under-estimating the value of a machine
of this kind in a car shop, because of
the variety of work that can be done
upon it. Extra heavy construction gives
the necessary strength to stand up to
continuous operation.
TWO-HEAD AUTOMATIC TAPPING
MACHINE.
TN the accompanying illustration is
shown a recent addition to the stand-
ard line of automatic tapping machines
manufactured by The Garvin Machine
Co., New York City, and is known as
that company's No. 1 two-head automa-
tic tapping machine. Equipped with two
heads, it practically doubles the capa-
city of a one-head machine, and will
quickly finish pieces having two holes of
different size at one handling. As the
machine works automatically after the
tap is once started in the work, the op-
erator does not have to wait until the
hole has been tapped, but may be busy
fixing in another piece for the second
spindle to work on, thus keeping both
spindles busy all the time and increasing
the output over that of a single head by
more than 50 per cent.
Each of the spindles is fitted with two
friction pulleys, driven in opposite di-
rections by one continuous tensioned
belt from an overhead countershaft, and
between these pulleys, plays a friction
clutch keyed to the spindle. This fric-
General purpose car tool.— The J. A. Fay & Egan Co., CindnnatL
construction of the frame makes it pos-
sible to handle these, in all lengths. As
a tenoner, it will cut single or double
tenons, and if so ordered may be arrang-
ed to cut triple tenons. As a jut-off
tion clutch is connected ;to a lever shown
at the right of each head by a toggle ar-
rangement, adjustable for any desired
drive, and making an extra safety device
to prevent breaking of taps unnecessary.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
345
The tap is started by the hand lever and
tripped and reversed automatically at
any point by an adjustible screw stop
on the upper end of the spindle, which
trips the reversing lever at the top of
Giirvin No. 1. two head automatif tupping
machine.
the machine. The spindles are fitted
with a positive drive chuck for holding
taps. A screw motion is provided for
adjusting the table, which is of gener-
ous dimensions, and has an oil groove all
around it.
The machine will tap a hole l-16th to
^ths U. S. standard tap in cast-iron, or
1-1 6th to ]-4th U.S. standard tap in
steel, IJ inches deep. The machine op-
erates highly satisfactorily at high
speed, and is reliable and sate, reducing
the breaking of taps to a minimum. The
operator's responsibility ends at the
starting lever.
NEW TYPE OF SHIPBUILDING
CRANE.
INHERE has recently been installed at
the Camden, N.J., plant of the
New York Shipbuilding Co., a revolving
locomotive type crane of large capacity
mounted on a gantry, and arranged to
tiavel backward and forward on the lat-
ter, .so as to serve two sides of the
pier. The design and construction pro-
vide for hoisting loads at two diiforent
speeds ; the capacities being 35 tons at
20 ft. radius, or 15 tons at 68 ft. ra- '
dius. The requirements of revolving,
backward and forward movements on
the gantry and traveling along the dock
are taken care of by self-contained elec-
tric power.
A wire rope attached at each end of
the gantry, and wound around a worm
driven drunn under the centre of the ma-
chine, makes provision for the buck-
ward and forward gantry movement.
Such an arrangement locks the machine
and secures against cross movement
from high wind force. Travel along the
dock is obtained by means of a motor
placed in the centre of the gantry, and
from ' which, power is transmitted to
one truck op either side of the dock
through suitable steel shafts and gear-
ing. One motor is used for hoisting the
load, and another for rotating, raising
and lowering the boom, and movements
across the gantry.
The machine will hoist a 35 ton lead
at 15 ft. per minute and a 15 ton load
at 30 ft. per minute. The rotating
speed is two revolutions per minute, the
movement across the gantry 25 ft. per
minute, and the travel speed, 150 ft. per
minute. These speeds are slower than
was originally contemplated, but were
lustrations give a general idea of this
hoisting winch, which can be used for
lifting or lowering electric lamps, gas
and oil lamps, shutters, blinds, etc. It
is made in four standard sizes, capable
of handling loads from 50 to 100 lbs., ac-
cording to size, but may be bad o(
larger capacity if required. The winch
can be fastened to the outside of a
building in an exposed position, being
unaffected by weather, as the mechanism
is enclosed. Simple in construction and
found desirable on account of lack of
available power. The hoist motor is
operated by an electric dynamic brake,
and. electric power, 220 volt, D.C., is
delivered to the machine by means of a
third rail along the dock, across the
gantry, and below the rotating frame.
The machine was designed and built by
the McMyler Interstate Co.
THE rORTUNA AUTOMATIC HOIST-
ING WINCH.
A USEFUL device has recently been
■*^ put on the market by the Fortuna
Machine Co., Leicester, Eng. The il-
Fortuna automatic boistiii); winch.
perfectly reliable, it cannot be tampered
with, and is therefore "fool proof."
To raise or lower the load, it is only
necessary to insert the stem of the
handle and turn it one way to raise or
the other to lower, and at whatever
point the handle is withdrawn or stop-
ped, the winch automatically, with elas-
tic grip, holds the load firmly and im-
movably in position. The gripping
force is increased with the weight of
the load.
This winch is being handled in Canada
by Francis Hankin & Co., 230 Coristine
Building, Montreal.
New type ot shipbuilding crane.— Malters, The McMyler Interstate Co.
:46
CANADIAN MACHINERY
HARDmOE X7KIVEBSAL aRmDEB.
I^HE Uardinge Universal Grinder No.
190 represents 30 years of practical
experience applied to designing a machine
that is suitable to do all manner of in-
ternal and external grinding in a prac-
tical «ay. Referring to the illustra-
tion, there will be seen at the left a
steel plate inserted in base of the ma-
chine which is graduated to 10 degrees
on either side of the zero line. The
plate is a 20 degree arc of a circle, 36
inches diameter, therefore fine readings
can be readily observed. Changing the
bed to different angles is accomplished
by unlocking two hand nuts, easily
reached from the front of machine. The
bed is designed to carry Hardinge Pat-
ent Bench Lathe Heads, sizes 3 to 7
inclusive, the spindle and journals of
which, being protected with felt rings
and dust caps, absolutely prevent emery
or cutting material of any kind from
coming in contact with the bearings. By
the use of the Haidinge Patent Bench
Lathe Heads, in connection with the
grinder, one is enabled to use draw-in
chucks, wheel chucks, face plate, univer-
sal or independent-jaw chucks.
The illustration shows the other at-
tachments, namely, No. 191 dead centre
head, No. 139 finger for supporting
teeth of straight face cutters while
sharpening, and No. 193 (or supporting
teeth of spiral cutters, also while sharp-
ening. The traverse spindle is hardened
and ground, and runs in adjustable
journals, which are protected with felt
rings in a similar manner to the bench
lathe heads. In each end of the spindle
is a standard taper hole, so that the
wheel may be used at either end. The
spindle head is graduated to 360 degs.,
therefore any angle is easily secured.
The slide, upon which the grinder head
is mounted, is the three-slide style, en-
abling the operator to move the wheel
to or from work rapidly, while fine feeds
are attained through the use of the in-
dex slide.
The power feed is constructed so that
the operator may change lengths of cuts
immediately, and may also obtain a mi-
crometer adjustment through the use of
knurled nuts on feed control stops. For
hand operating, it is necessary only to
release the split nut, and use hand
wheel. The countershaft is arranged to
get a variation of speeds, and is con-
structed so that the work, emery wheel
or both, may be stopped independent of
the main drive.
Uardinge Bros., Inc., 3133 Lincoln
Ave., Chicago, 111., are the makers of
this Universal Grinder.
•
COMBINATION CENTRE DRILLS IN
SETS.
'pIIE J. T. Slocomb Co. are putting
on the market their combination
centre drills in sets. Heretofore, it has
been possible to buy these either in
boxes containing a dozen of a size, or
tensively, such sets may not be of inter-
est, but to those making a variety of
product in which centreing is not the
all important part, they are an advant-
age to the workmen, as the latter have
not then to run about in order to find
the right tool when necessity arises.
Then, too, nearly every machinist has
his own tool-chest of tools, and these
sets enable him to have a centre drill
which he can use in emergency. Each
set is put up in a nicely finished and at-
tractively got-up wooden box.
To-day, centre drills are used in al-
most every shop, and a great nany
manufacturers include these items in
their list of tools. The J. T. Slocomb
Co. have devoted a great deal of time
and study to the making of these tools,
so as to get the proper shape, size, ma-
terial, etc. Some little time ago, they
started making these drills of semi-
high speed steel, and everyone made to-
day is of that material. This is quite
an important point, for they have been
else singly. The Slocomb Co. realize
that in a great many shops it is worth
while having a centre drill of each size
so as to take care of any work that
might be coming along. In some fac-
tories where centre drills are used ex-
able to prove that the semi-high speed
steel combination centre drill will do
more work than the car''- '"'•1 drill.
Full information regarding these new
sets, etc., may be had by addressing the
J. T. Slocomb Co., Providence, R.I.
ARDING:^
^UNIVERSAL
-.\ GRINDER
^ gNO.190
^^MANUFACTURED BV
Xharoingebros
Tlardluge UnlTeraal grinder.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
347
GnadianMachinery
js- MANUFACTURING NEWS^
A monthly newspaper derotcd to machinery and manutacturing interetts
mechanical and electrical trades, the foundry, technical prof reaa, ccnatruction
and improvement, and to all usets of power d«velop«d from ttaam, g^m, elac-
riaity, compressed air and water in Canada.
The MacLean Publishing Co., Limited
JOHN BAYNE MACLEAN
Prtsidini
H.V. TYRRELL, Toronto Buslncis Minticr
PETER BAIN, M.E., Toronto - Editor
J H. WILLIAMS, Toronto - . AssocUie Editor
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Vol. VII.
December, 1911
No. 12
H^
THE McNAMARA CONFESSION,
^ITMANITY in unit and mass has always been subject
to violent shocks and upheavals, and while each blow
finds a definite mark or location, the effects felt, and
warning administered, radiate to and embrace usually a
much wider sphere. The McNamara confession will, we
doubt not, have a salutary result in not only eliminating
the destructive element in organized labor, but discourage
the enactment of measures on the side of capital which
have been many times both inhuman and unprincipled.
Organized capital and organized labor are permanent
institutions, each having a part to play in the world's
civilization and industrial development, and the ' Mc-
Namara episode is, we believe, the death-blow to coercion-
Ists and desperadoes within their ranks, whose misguided
zeal and poverty of common sense has hindered that
closer agreement and mutually beneficial understanding, so
much desired.
ACHIEVEMENT THE TRUE MEASURE.
IP HERE is a growing tendency, particularly in our in-
dustrial organizations, to have one man or one set
of men do the "thinking" part of the business and an-
other or others perform the working or operating. Such
a caste distinction is no novelty, as in every sphere, do-
mestic, social civil, industrial, political and religious,
there has always existed, and of more or less necessity
perhaps in the past, this conspicuous feature. Benefits
have accrued from its practice, but side by side, and
more pronourxed as education and intelligence have be-
come better diffused, there has naturally arisen a resent-
ment to a coutinuance or increase of its scope and dis-
play.
We are apt to forget that brains are no monopoly,
that an overwhelming majority of their possession be-
longH to the operating departments of practically all en-
terprise, and that development of their possibilities, too
long conserved and hidden, is making rapid strides to-
wards being a factor of supreme importance. The dispo-
sition to limit breadth of thought in a majority, and re-
quire them -to concentrate on circumscribed fields of oper-
ation, is a short-sighted and ultimately disastrous policy.
Co-operation of different trades, in the manufacture of
any product, is a wise and efficiency-attaining arrange-
ment to be developed and cultivated, but the system,
which prohibits a man from being a. master of his art, is
retrograde and selfish in its aim. Technical, industrial
and university education are each contrary to the ideal
which would make the employe simply an operator, and
represent tirrie and money expended needlessly, being, as
they are jri such cases, more of a hindrance than other-
wise
Sufficient appreciation, is wanting, of the unrest sure
to arise from the monotony of expertness acquired only
by restricted scope and outlook. Inefficiency is always
the result of unrest, and unless a man has within him-
self the satisfaction of something tangible achieved beyond
its cash vahie, and is conscious of a like rating in estim-
ation by those whom he serves, this inefficiency will pre-
vail in spite of the myriad combating systems so pro-
minent to-day The trouble is— that some men are ready,
without thought or consideration, to accept conditions
which will annihilate their personality and bring them in-
creased returns, and others again are willing to put such
schemes into practice, also with a view to profit. How
many, we ask, either of the instigators of these yellow
metal systems, or of the great body of those who are in-
tended to come under their s3ope, can on sober reflection,
say that the scheme is as philanthropic and far reaching
in it.s benefits as is represented ?
We are ail conscious that two clearly defined sections
of personality exist in the world : — Labor and Intellect.
We are also conscious that their representatives arc
known as the "operator" and "thinker" respectively, and,
further, that one is a workman and the other a gentle-
man. Did it ever occur to you that such a condition is
prolific of inrfficiency, and breeds envy and discontent in
spite of increased remuneration offered by a system ?
Again, it needs no microscope to perceive that too little
work forms part of the "thinking" section, and too
little' "thinking" or opportunity for its exercise
is in ovidenct: among those dubbed workmen. Some-
one has sa'rt "that the mass of society is made-up
of morbid thinkers and miserable workers, each more or
less at enmity with the other."
The natnit of our employment, whatever it be, calls
for much less pride than we are prone to take, and de-
mands, instead, that we put excellence of achievement as
the true measure, not only of our important selves, but
of those others whose field lies in a different groove.
All of us neeii the opportunity and should have the en-
couragemeut at our daily task whatever it be, to think as
well as work constructively, and the more persistently
this is practised, the less will be the suspicion attached
to the motive behind innovations and the harder to deter-
mine caste in industry's ranks.
FOUNDRY PRACTICE and EQUIPMENT
Practical Articles for Canadian Foundrymen and Pattern Makers, and
News of Foundr3rmen*8 and Allied Associations. Contributions Invited.
MOLDING A GLASS POUSHING
ROLLER IN LOAM.
By John H. Eastbam, Montreal.
'pHE following method of molding a
heavjr roller in loam, for plate-
glass polishing purposes, may perhaps
interest readers of "Canadian Machin-
ery." This casting was required excep-
next swept-up with loam to cover this
hub, and the core built up to its full
height ; the inside being left open to fa-
cilitate ramming round the gates when
closing, and inserting the hub core after
drying. The core, being now completed,
was allowed to stiffen, whilst the out-
side of rim, or "cheek" was swept-up,
a single course of bricks being built-up
on a ring-plate provided with four lugs
for hoisting purposes. A tapered part-
ing was made to match the one at base
of core, to ensure a good fit and even
thickness when closing the mold.
Both parts were blackwashed before
stoving, and then placed on the stove
car. The core was separated at the
Fi( 2 — MoldinB « Glau Polithinc Roller
in Loam
tionallr clean and bright, .and of as hard
a close-grained mixture as was compat-
ible with easy machining. When clean-
ed, it weighed approximately six tons.
Two sets of arms, six in each set, were
considered advisable, the casting being
nearly seven feet across the rim, and of
same design as a double armed pulley.
Detail of Procednre.
On a heavy base plate, marked A in
sketch of completed mold, Fig. 1, a
course of bricks w^as laid, and a sloping
parting made at B.B. The core was
next swept-up to height required for
formation of first hub and set of arms.
A plate, indicated at C.C, was bedded
one course of bricks below the hub, to
secure solidity, considerable pressure be-
ing anticipated at this point. A small
strickle swept-up the hub, and the first
set of arm cores were placed in position.
The correct depth shown by an arm or
gauge is attached to the main sweep.
After bricking-up to the top of the hub,
a parting, shown at dotted line, D.D.,
was made, and the plate E, provided
with three long eyes for lifting purposes,
bedded to place. The core was next
built and swept-up to the second set of
arms, and the process of sweeping-out
the hub and placing the arm cores re-
peated. A small plate shown at F, fig.
2, perforated for three runners, was
Fi(. 1— Moldinc a Glass Polishins Roller
in Loam
parting over lower hub, to guarantee the
inside being thoroughly dried. After one
good night's firing, the base plate with
inside section was lowered into the large
casting pit provided for deep molds, the
core being placed in the lower hub, and
top section lowered to position. The
cheek was next lowered over the whole,
the top hub core inserted and covered
with the small plate F. The gate pins
having been fitted into this plate, the
inside was rammed-up to the top with
floor sand, the crown plate lowered to
place, and runner and riser boxes lined
up as shown. Cribbing plates of ordi-
nary type were fitted round the job its
full depth, the space between them and
the brickwork of the rim being rammed-
up tightly to prevent all strain.
A cross-beam clamped down to base
plate by sling clamps at four points
held the whole mold firmly in position.
Feeding was considered unnecessary ;
one inch of depth added to the rim, to
be machined oH afterwards, and the
heavy risers being ample allowance for
shrinkage. There is, no doubt, from the
writer's experience, that castings simi-
lar to this in depth and general design,
give the best results when made in
loam ; the cost of rigging being about
the same, the actual molding time oer-
haps a little less, and the risk of loss
certainly lower, than when made in
sand.
Fitting Pipe Templets
(By Joseph Horner, Bath, England.)
■pOR a puzzling drawing to make or
read, one of the pipe plans for ma-
rine engines is hard to beat, the lay-out
for ordinary engine houses, factories,
water works, gas works, etc., being
rather simple by comparison. In all
drawings of this kind, the directions of
pipes can generally be indicated correct-
ly, but the actual measurements of the
lengths of many of them cannot be de-
termined by the draughtsman. The rea-
son lies in the awkwardness of the vari-
ous bendings and angular relations of
pipes and flanges.
When pipes are of copper or of wrought
iron, these materials lend themselves
readily to corrective settings in bends
and flanges, but with cast iron pipes,
such settings are not possible. In each
case, the main pipes are usually first
made and fixed in place from the draw-
ings, but the "make-up" lengths are pre-
pared from templets fitted into the lo-
i<iDn^
^^ =
rn^a^
Kig. 1 — Fitting pipe templets.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
349
cations that the actual pipes will oc-
cupy. In many instances, tliese have to
be curved to fit around parts of ma-
chines, or around other pipes, the curv-
ing being sometimes in more than one
plane. Flanges, too, are often set
slightly out of square, or at a consider-
able angle. Again, pipes may have
branches set square, or at some acute
or obtuse angle, and frequently the
working-in of standard wrought-iron pipe
fittings has to be provided for.
Fig. 4 — Fitting pipe templets.
In cast iron pipes, the templet often
includes the thickness of metal and the
positions of bolt holes. When the work
is done away from the shop, the templet
£
of the methods adopted in making these
templets may be of utility.
Templets are made of wood or iron,
the first usually, though not of necessity
for cast-iron pipes chiefly; the second for
pipes of copper or wrought Iron. In
each case the templets must retain their
shape permanently, for if they don't the
work done according to them will not be
accurate. - Nothing must be permitted to
shift, and nothing must spring, there-
fore, rigidity and firmness are essential.
We will consider the two kinds of tem-
plets in succession.
Templet Dimensions.
Before fitting a templet into place,
dimensions are, if possible, taken over-
all between flanges, or from the centre
of one pipe to the face of that with
which it has to connect. How this is
done depends on the relationship of the
pipes. Usually, the aids employed be-
sides a rule are the spirit level, the
horizontal, from the centre of the plumb
line to the centre of the flange as
shown.
In fig. 3, a plumb rule is dropped, from
the vertical flange whence measurement
is taken, to the face of the other, and
the vertical distance is taken from a
straight-edge in the bore of one pipe to
the centre of the other. In fig. 4
straight-edges alone are shown as aids
to measurement. When dimensions are
taken thus, the templets are prepared by
one of the methods mentioned, as seems
most suitable, and the exact fitting is
done between the flanges, using a plane
to effect the corrections on the faces of
the latter.
Fig. 6 — Fitting pipe templets.
plumb bob, the parallel straight-edge,
and the plumb line, or plumb rule.
Distances may be taken in the manner
shown in figs 1 to 4, which are typical
of numerous cases.
In fig. 1, two pipes have to be con-
nected by a diagonal pipe, or an S-bend.
The distances of flanges and centres are
taken in the vertical direction from a
parallel straight-edge laid in the bore of
ri
Pig. 8 — Pitting pipe templets.
Cast Iron Pipe Templets.
Wooden templets comprise the stem or
body, and the flanges (or spigot or
socket in some cases.) The stem may be
a mere strip, or it may be made wide
±1
i-l
Fig. 2 — Fitting pipe templets.
Tig. S — Fitting pipe templets.
must give all that the patternmaker or
moulder or machinist requires in order
that the finished pipe or pipes shall go
into place and be bolted ti" it once. The
foregoing observations hold good also in
relation to repair and jobbing work,
such as when alteration in the directions
of existing pipes, or extensions, have to
be made. Some illustrations, therefore,
one, and set horizontally with a level,
and in the horizontal direction from a
plumb line hung from the face of the
flange, or from a straight-edge set verti-
cally from the lower flange as indicated
in dotted outline.
In fig. 2, n.easuremeni, may be taken
from the straight-edge to the face of the
flange for vertical distance, and for the
enough to represent the outside diam-
eter of the pipe, on which also the bore
may be marked. Unless it is desirable
to have these particulars, a narrow
strip will serve the purpose as well as
a wide one, its function being to give
the correct positions of the flanges in
regard to distance over all, and their
fitting against the flanges with which
360
CANADIAN MACHINERY
they make contact, either squaie or at
tome angle.
The material used ranges trom i in.
to } in. thick; white and red deal or
yellow pine being suitable. The flanges
an sawn to the circle with a band saw,
aad nailed or screwed against the ends
<4 the stem portion. To prevent them
bom shilting, brackets are nailed or
screwed both to flanges and stem in the
manner shown in the various figs. The
templet is thus rendered rigid as a
whole. Slight final corrections of the
flange faces will probably have to be
made with the smoothing plane since the
fit here must be exact. Bolt holes are
marked through from the existing flanges
to the templet, and either left as mark-
ed, or bored with a centre-bit.
Fig. 5 shows a templet for a bend pipe
with bracketed flanges, bolt holes mark-
ed or bored, and with the thickness of
united with battens. These do not
necessarily give the shapes of the pipes
between the flanges. They may be of
combined bend and tee form, as in fig.
9. In flg. 10 a double bend or an S
Fig. 9 — Fitting pipe templets.
shape may be adopted. Fig. 11 would be
an S pipe.
The patternmaker should write on the
templet all particulars of this kind, and
strike out the actual shape on a shop
drawing board. Fig. i2 shows a templet
for a Y pipe connecting three pipes. It
is made of three pieces to avoid short
grain and fastened together with bat-
tens.
nesses of metal cross-hatched, as illus-
trated in several of the diagrams. This
is not only helpful to the patternmaker,
but also to the moulder in some cases,
for as work of this kind is not of a set
or standard character, it has to be done
with make-up pattern parts, or in the
larger pipes, swept up in loam with
strickles. The templet, then, being sent
into the foundry with the strickles,
serves as a reference and guide to the
core-maker and moulder. The same tem-
plet also goes afterwards into the ma-
chine shop as a guide for drilling the
bolt holes. Finally, the templet may be
kept in the stores for future use if the
work is likely to be repeated, or repairs
or spare parts wanted, though as a rule
it is broken up after it has served its
purpose.
Copper and Wrought Iron Pipe
Templets.
Templets for copper and wrought iron
pipes are usually made of iron rod to
l^
Fig. S— FIttlDK pipe templets.
Fig. 16— Fitting pipe templets.
the metal indicated. Fig. 6 is a bend
templet formed of two strips halved or
simply placed one on the other, and
screwed together. On this the radius on
the centre line is stated, and the outer
one is, of course, struck from the same
Fig. 13 illustrates the templet for a
socketed-branch pipe, with the curves of
the throat and the thickness of metal
marked everywhere. Fig. 14 shows how
a templet for a Y-shaped pipe may he
fitted to a socketed pipe and to two
spigoted pipes, after which the thickness
may be marked on the templet, or
simply stated in writing. Actually, the
fitting to the socket and spigots deter-
mines all the dimensions, since these are
standardized in all such work.
When pipes fit around vessels or round
other pipes, it is essential to cut the
which sheet iron flanges are riveted, fig.
16. The rod must be large enough to be
rigid, being usually | in. or J in. square.
When that is not rigid enough, wooden
templets are made, although seldom
necessary. Less exactitude is required
in these templets, because copper pipe
admits of a considerable amount of cor-
I
Ftf. 11— Bitting pipe templeta.
Fig. 7— Fitting pipe templets.
centre as the inner,
metal is also stated.
of the throat of the
■ad the tiiidfaees of
The thickness of
In flg. 7 the radius
branch is drawn,
metal marked In
the teeiriece flg. 8, the same particulars
are entered.
Figs. 9 and 10 show how the strips of
templets for connecting pipes can be
stem portions to the shapes and dimen-
sions of the castings, flg. 15, otherwise,
the pipe, when made, may foul existing
erections. There is a large percentage of
such cases in pipe fitting, and diagonal
pipes must often be dealt with in like
manner to secure clearances.
A careful man will mark the thick-
rective setting and bending, and wrought
iron pipes only in a slightly less degree.
In the latter, the make-up is often done
with elbows, springs, sockets, and other
fittings which admit of a fair range of
adjustment. Also, in this work, flanges
are brazed to copper and screwed on
,_u'fll
CANADIAN MACHINERY
351
iron pipe, circumstances which again aid
adjustments somewhat.
Transferring Measurements.
When transferring dimensions from
templets to pipes or pipe patterns,
either right or wrong methods may be
adopted. It is not usually sufficient to
lay the pattern and templet together,
though that is done for a final test.
Centre lines and flange faces must be
worked from, hence, a patternmaker lays
down centre lines on the stem of the
templet, starting from the centre of
the flanges. In iron templets, this need
not be done it the iron stem occupies the
centre of the templet.
Another method, which is available in
either wood or iron templets, is to take
measurements from centre to faces of
flanges, the face of one flange being laid
on the marking-off table. This is per-
fectly accurate. The measurements can
be transferred to the casting by lining-
off, and be checked again after tooling.
Drilling Bolt Holes.
Care has to be exercised in drilling
bolt holes. One should not assume that
they start on a centre line as' they may
the pipes are put in place. SufHcient
clearance is often allowed in the holes
to enable the bolts to be fitted.
COKE OUTPUT.
Of the 104,440 coke ovens in existence
in the United States, as per the Bulle-
tin of the Geological Survey, at the
close of 1910, 8,373 were idle throughout
the year. The number of idle ovens does
not include those that were idle !or a
Fig. 13— Fitting pipe templets.
portion of the year only. In 1909, of
the 103,982 ovens in existence, 8,501
were idle throughout the year. The
number of ovens in blast for the whole
or a portion of the year 1910 was 96,-
067, of which 92,016 were beehive or
partial combustion ovens and 4,051 were
retort or distillation ovens. The 92,016
beehive ovens produced a total of 34,-
570,076 short tons, or an average of
376 tons for each active oven.
WOMAN A CAPTAIN OF INDUSTRY.
Mrs. Clark Fisher, head of the Eagle
Iron Works, Trenton, New Jersey, is
the only woman member of the Na-
chisel the face of an anvil, mold vises
and make rails. In fact, I took a com-
plete course in every departnaent of the
business, from melting pig-iron to bid-
ding for ' contracts. Before I was
through, I learned really to love the
work with iron and steel, the whir o(
the machinery, and the sound of the
forge."
In 1902 Mr. Fisher was killed in a
railroad accident, and Mrs. Fisher's lite
was saved only by careful nursing. Upon
her recovery, she went back to her post
at Trenton ; and donning a loose blue
working frock, she went to work to
straighten out a state of affairs which
would gave daunted the bravest-hearted
person. Her employes had struck, the
Delaware River^ had overflowed its
banks, the shops were floodeid, the m&-
chinety was rusting, and everything was
in a state of confusion. Using great
tact, she persuaded the hands to re-
turn, and set the factory to rights in
short order.
Mrs. Fisher's business acumen was
shown when she outbid all raale compet-
itors for the contract of furnishing
anvils and vises for the Panama Canal
Fig. 10— Fitting pipe templets.
do, but they must be marked strictly
according to their templet locations. As
they cannot generally be marked direct-
ly against the face of the tempet flange,
a piece of sheet iron or a piece of paper
or mill board cut to the size of the
flange can be laid against the face, the
holes being marked, cut out, and used
to mark the casting. Slight inaccuracies
will occur in these, but they are cor-
rected by the use of a hand reamer when
tional Association of Manufacturers.
Mr. Wu Ting Fang, ex-minister from
China, called her "the most wonderful
woman in America." "Though I liked
machinery even when a child," said Mrs.
Fisher, "it was my husband's illness
and the desire which every woman has
to help in an emergency that led me to
enter the Eagle Works, of which Mr.
Fisher was the head. I went in as the
Fig. 12 — Fitting pipe templets.
work. As a result of her untiring ef-
forts and her ability, she is to-day a re-
cognized "captain of industry," with a
fo^'tunef mounting well up into seven
figures.
Fig. 14— Fitting pipe templets.
'boss' ; but I soon learned that if I was
to be respected by my employes, I
would have to know more than they
did. To this end, I began as a regular
apprentice, learned to temper steel,
Fig. IS — Fitting pipe templets.
So2
CANADIAN MACHINERY
KNOTS AND TACKLING.
Deckhand.
1^0 most men engaged in manufactur-
^ ing, erecting and building, has come
the necessity of making a knot which
will hold permanently if need be, of mak-
ing a reliable but easily applied tempor-
ary connection, or of having to sling
some piece of machinery for lifting or
lowering to some other level, in the
domestic sphere there is an oft re-
peated call for the exercise ©f "knoto-
logy," and who of us has not blundered
through the work, adding knot to knot,
increasing as it were safety where it is
impossible to do so, wasting rope as
regards quantity used, and further by
Cutting asunder when the package or
connection wants undoing. Have you
ever noted the perspiration of excite-
ment and exertion break on the face of
a novice in knots? or again, have you
ever gazed with astonishment at the
calm, easy and seemingly careless
manner of an expert ? The work of the
latter takes seconds for the minutes of
the former to accomplish.
The Durpose of this brief article is to
bring before our readers the opportunity
of becoming intimate with the methods
adont^d in making knots.
The sketches Fig. 1 show thoee com-
monly used, each of which is simplicity
in itself, easy of application and re-
liable in effect. They are shown open,
in other words are not drawn taut, the
idea being to convey the method of their
formation better. As an aid to those
who wish to master the intricacies of
knot making, it should be a basic prin-
ciple that no two parts which would
move in the same direction if the rope
were to slip, should lay alongside of aud
touching each other.
The sketches Fig. 2 show the com-
monly used forms of tackling, and to
IVu mea. Timn Hrrai. Timn hitch iiX Hitch.
Clovc p'I hitch.
p Rtcr moT.
^1
RaLiias "/ MITCH. P
Sncct scno with Togclc
RtuaHAH* ■im. RogNo tuiiii » Kium
BlKICWAU, WTCM.
Fig. I— Koeii and Tacklini.
those having erection work to do, the
various items shown and self-explana-
tory, will be found serviceable ana sale.
It is a matter of common knowledge
that probably not one man in twenty
can make reliable knots or rig up satis-
factory tackling if called upon. The
art, for such it is, does not some-
how appeal to them as a valuable asset,
but is looi<^ed upon rather outside their
particular field, and a purely nautical
necessity.
The practice in many instances is to
employ a ship rigger or sailor to care
for lifting, knotting, tackling and sling-
'Tg reiuired. The opportunity to learn
is well worth taking advantage of by
everyone, particularly as the means of
experimenting, a few feet of cord, and
the leisure to do it, are within the
reach of all.
To the onlooker the artful manner in
which an expert does his work, gives
rise to the impression that the opera-
tion is too simple to be effective, and
he fears the dire results that are sure to
follow the particular effort being car-
ried out. The idea that knot upon knot,
twist, half hitch and loop need be mul-
tiplied to give quantitative appearance,
dies hard.
Simplicity in most cases commends it-
self, being more economical and surer in
results. Knotting and tackling call for
the utmost simplicity, just as much and
possibly more so than most things, but
to attain that desired end, a more gen-
eral cultivation of familiarity with them
should be considered an essential part of
every man's brain and hand equipment.
NORTON COMPANY'S MEDICAL DE-
PARTMENT."*
By Dr. Irving Clark *•
'pHK Norton Company established its
medical department during the lat-
ter part of May, 1911. ' The step then
taken was the outcome of two ideas :—
First, that a medical department would
increase the efficiency of the employees ;
second, that it would increase the al-
ready well-marked good feeling between
the men and the company. As the be-
lief, that increased efficiency may be ob-
tained by caring for the physical con-
dition of employees, is somewhat new,
its basis will be sketched.
Health a Factor in Labor Efficiency.
In the consideration of production in
any given department, practically every
mechanical item can be accurately es-
timated. It would be possible to figure
the exact cost and output of any depart-
ment, provided that all the work in that
• Abstriir t of pnper rend nt the Natlonnl
Mn.hlne Tool niillilers' Convention, New York.
♦• Norton Coinpnny*« medical department.
department, even to the minutest de-
tail, were done by machinery ; that is,
provided that the human element could
be eliminated. It is this human ele-
ment which cannot be accounted for and
which, therefore, should be given very
close attention.
To obtain maximum results, for the
work at which it is engaged, the human
material must be maximum quality, and
maximum quality in factory employees
means perfect physical health. The
problem of health, therefore, assumes a
new proportion in considering efficiency,
and we might say that if every man em-
ployed were physically well, all depart-
ments would run with the utmost
smoothness and production. To produce
such an ideal condition is of course im-
possible, but an approach to the ideal
is quite possible.
System of Investigation of Health
Problem.
In an attempt to investigate this prob-
lem the following steps would seem ra-
tional, and have been adopted by the
medical department.
1.— Complete physical examination of
all employees.
3.— Immediate attention to all defects
found at examination, and an effort
made to rectify same.
3.— Re-examination at regular inter-
vals of employees having physical de-
fects, to see that they are in the best
condition possible.
4.— Immediate attention to all em-
ployees incapacitated by injury or ill-
ness, and an effort) made to get them
into normal condition in the shortest
time.
Anticipated Beneficial Results.
The practical results of such a plan if
systematically carried out should be as
follows :
A STRor OK Suns
Fig. 2.-Knotl and Tack I g.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
353
1. — Immediate elimination ol those ab-
solutely unfit for work.
2. — An increase in the capacity of the
partially unfit by slight changes in work,
medicine, mode of life, etc.
3.— An exact knowledge of those who
may become partially or wholly unfit,
and a continued effort to keep this from
occurring.
4. — A prevention of sickness by advice
given to well employees and by immedi-
ate attention to slight ailments.
5 — (a)— A reduced time of recovery
from accidents. Wounds and injuries
properly treated at once heal very much
more quickly than if treatment is de-
layed.
(b) — The elimination of so-called blood
poisoning, by proper treatment of
wounds.
6.— The elimination of active tubercu-
losis, syphilis, or any condition danger-
ous to other employes.
The outfit and method of the medical
department in its effort to carry out
this plan, and the results up to the
present time, are as follows :
The Hospital.
This consists of a room of moderate
size, well lighted and ventilated by two
large windows, and having a carefully-
selected equipment. It contains a desk,
an instrument cabinet, a glass-top table
for dressings, a sterilizer for instru-
ments and dressings, and an examining
table. Beside this, there are nuinerous
solution bowls, instruments, dressings,
etc. In short, it is a minature dispen-
sary.
Tho Physician.
The doctor gives about three hours a
day at the factory ; about an hour and
a half in the morning and the same
length of time in the afternoon. In the
morning he examines all sick employees
applying for treatment, and either pre-
scribes for them, or, if they are sick
enough to have to stop work, advises
them to call in a physician. In the nw-
jority of cases, however, the men have
minor ailments, which readily yield to
simple treatment. The afternoon is de-
voted almost exclusively to making phy-
sical examinations.
Functions of the Medical Department.
These are three in number :
1.— The care and after treatment of
all accidents occurring to employees.
2. — The complete physical examination
of every employee, and an attempt to
remedy all existing physical defects.
3. — The examination, diagnosis and ad-
vice of all employees complaining of
any sickness whatever.
These three functions considered in de-
tail, show what has been accomplished.
Care of Accidents.
Despite a committee of safety which is
continually introducing new methods of
prevention, a large nunnber of accidents
are bound to occur in any large factory.
In the majority of cases, if these acci-
dents receive prompt and eflcient care,
they prove merely an inconvenience to
the employe, perhaps preventing his
work for 48 hours, but seldom longer.
Even the smallest wound or scratch,
however, if it becomes infected, may
lead to a long and sometimes serious ill-
ness. Therefore, prompt attention and
thorough cleaning of all wounds become
a matter of prime importance.
It is also important that an employe
receive immediate attention by some one
in the department in which he is work-
ing, and that he be removed as
quickly as possible, in order not
to break up the work of other employ-
es. Hearing these facts in mind, the
Norton Company devised the following
method :
Once a week for ten weeks, all the
foremen of the different departments
were called together, and the doctor
gave a thirty minute talk upon the vari-
ous accidents most frequently met, and
their immediate treatment.
The subjects lectured on were as fol-
lows :
1.— Hemorrhage and its treatment.
2.— Burns and bruises.
3. — Lacerations and cuts.
4.— Sprains.
5. — Fractures and dislocations.
6.— Infections (blood poisoning) and
treatment.
7.— Resuscitation from gas, fainting,
etc.
Each lecture was made as simple as
possible, and was illustrated by black-
board drawings and actual demonstra-
tions, such as putting on bandages,
splints, etc. At the end of this course
of lectures, an oral examination was
held, and since then, there have been ex-
aminations and conferences about once a
month. The foremen have shown great
interest in this part of their work, and
have ably demonstrated their ability to
apply the principles they have learned.
At the present time, the foremen are
coming three at a time to the doctor to
put on bandages under his supervision.
Each foreman is provided with a first
aid jar containing
Three bandages of different widths.
One package of sterile gauze pads.
Three finger splints.
One tourniquet (rubber).
One measuring glass.
One bottle of aromatic spirits of am-
monia.
The jar has general directions on the
outside, and there is, in addition, a card
of first aid directions posted in each de-
partment.
When an employee is injured, the fol-
lowing is the routine :
1.— Foreman administers first aid and
notifies main office.
2.— Main office notifies doctor and
trained dresser.
3. — Patient is conveyed to the hospi-
tal, where dresser prepares case for doc-
tor's examination and treatment.
4.— Doctor arrives at the hospital
and cares for the case.
All cases of foreign body in the eye are
cared for by the doctor in person. When
the body is a particle oi steel or Alun<
dum, which has penetrated the clear part
of the eye, the eye is dressed and the
patient sent immediately to an occulist
for operative removal. Unless treated
with the greatest care, these cases are
apt to result in permanent injury to
vision.
While our system for caring for acci-
dents has not been in force long enough
to make any statistical statement, we
can say that no clean injury has become
septic, and that no employe has been
obliged to be absent from work more
than a week, except two very severe eye
cases. In the majority of cases, the pa-
tient has been able to return to work
immediately after treatment.
The type of injury met at the factory
may be seen from the following list,
which is of the injuries received during
the past three months :— Wounds, 28 ;
crushing injuries, 11 ; sprains, 5 ; for-
eign body in eye, 13 ; miscellaneous, 14.
An examination of these statistics
shows that, while there are practically
no serious injuries, there are many
which if not properly cared for, may
lead to considerable loss of time. By
the method outlined, all injuries receive
prompt and efficient attention, and sub-
sequent dressings are done by the doc-
tor until the patient is entirely cured.
Physical Examination of Employee.
The' physical examination of employes
is rather a new departure, but to our
minds is the corner stone in builaing up
physical efficiency. Each employe re-
ceives a complete physical examination,
for we believe that, unless a physical
examination is so, it is of little value,
because impossible to foresee where
weakness may appear which will have a
definite effect upon the employe's effici-
ency.
Each employe is, therefore, examined
carefully for defects in all organs, and
the results entered upon a card. Any
abnormal condition of the chest, back,
or abdomen, is charted on the card dia-
gram.
After examining a man, the doctor dis-
cusses his physical defects with him, and
strongly urges him to attend to any
weakness. Thus men having ruptures are
advised trusses. Those with poor teeth
r:54
CANADIAN MACHINERY
aie advised to go to a dentist, and all
are insttncted in the importance of caie
o( the teeth. If any minor disease ex-
ists, advice is given, with prescriptions
U necessary. The employe is told to re-
port again in two or three days as the
case requires. Where there is reason to
suspect pulmonary tuberculosis, a sput-
um examination is made, and where the
kidneys are suspicious, a urinalysis is
done. We expect to make a complete
urinalysis on all employes over 40 years,
but have not started this work yet. If
the employe examined is too sick to
work, he is sent at once to his family
physician.
It will be seen from this that every
attempt is made to get the men in per-
fect physical condition to start with.
But this is not all. When an employe is
found to have a weak heart, and is do-
ing work injurious to that heart his
work is modified. When a man has a
double rupture he is not allowed to do
very heavy lifting, etc. Men found hav-
ing organic disease are required to re-
port at varying lengths of time for ex-
amination and advice. In this way, the
weak spots of the human machinery are
kept under close supervision, and any
rapid degeneration prevented.
Results Encouraging.
The results of this side of the work
have already been most encouraging. The
men take a great deal of interest in
their personal condition, and are quick
to appreciate the relief afforded by the
simple remedial measures adopted. We
have had but one objection in the course
of six hundred examinations, and the
majority of men thank the doctor on
leaving the hospital. When a man has
once been examined, he is pretty sure to
return for advice at his first subsequent
sickness.
By his examinations and subsequent
intercourse with the employees, the doc-
tor is able to get in very close sympathy
with his patients, and they discuss many
things with him freely. He is thus able
to use his influence to prevent the minor
vices, such as over-snioking and late
hours among the younger men, and, in
several cases, has had very gratifying re-
sults in bis efforts to keep valuable men
St steady work who have a tendency to
"sprees." Working men will listen to
sdvice from a doctor, and what is more,
follow it, when from anyone else it
would prove of no avail whatever. The
moral power of the doctor must neces-
ssrily become greater as time goes on,
■ad the men become more and more con-
vtBOed of bis good faith and interest in
their physical welfare. The defects
found bare been divided into three
clsMes— Medical, Surgical and Special
•ense, and total, 113, 209 and 276 re-
spectively.
We now come to the third function of
the medical department which consists in
examining and advising all sick em-
ployes.
Dispensary.
Previous to the establishment of the
medical department, a sick employee
saying he was unable to work was al-
lowed to go home. Now he must apply
to his foreman, and is then sent to the
hospital. There the doctor examines, ad-
vises, and prescribes for him. Often it
is found that one of the simple remedies
which are used at the hospital, will give
such immediate relief that the man is
able to return to work. If, on the other
hand, a really serious condition is dis-
covered, the man is sent home, his phy-
sician notified, and everything done to
get him under proper care at once.
In connection with the dispensary the
foremen are provided with "sick slips,"
which they fill out in all cases of injury
or sickness, giving the date of absence
from the factory, and the number of
days or hours of lost time. These are
filed by the doctor, and the length of ab-
sence and cause noted on the original ex-
amination card. When the man has left
the factory without seeing the doctor,
he is sent for on his return, and the
cause of his absence obtained. This is
then noted on the "sick slip."
All physical examinations are filed by
name, and two lists are kept, one of
normal men, the other of those having
defects. By this system the exact phy-
sical condition of each employee is
known, as well as any sickness or acci-
dent he may have had ; and the length
of time he has lost by each. By turning
to the "sick slip" file, the number of
cases of sickness or accident in any de-
partment may be immediately seen, as
well as the names of the men, the dis-
ease or accident causing the absence, and
the amount of time lost.
The dispensary function of the hospital
is growing in popularity among the men,
and it is hoped that the intercourse be-
tween doctor and employes will pro-
mote additional good feeling between the
employes and the company.
The medical cases which have been
treated during the past three months
number 63.
In closing, we would have it distinctly
understood that this is only what >vould
be termed in medical parlance a prelim-
inary paper. The work has been uiuiiig
on only six months, and the development
has naturally been slow. It will be sev-
eral years before statistics can be ob-
tained to show whether or not efficiency
has been promoted. However, as far as
we can judge from the small amount of
data at hand, there is good reason to
hope that ultimately a high degree of
physical efficiency may be achieved, as
well as a closer sympathy between the
employes and the company.
U. S. COAL PRODUCTION IN 1910.
The coal mines of the United States
were credited in 1910, with an output of
501,576,895 short tons of anthracite,
bituminous coal, and lignite. This great
output was attained in spite of the fact
that most of the coal mines in Illinois,
Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, and Okla-
homa were closed for nearly six months
by one of the most bitterly contested
strikes in the history of the industry.
The greatest tonnage mined in any
other year was in 1907, when a total of
480,363,424 tons was produced. Com-
pared with 1909 the output! last year
showed an increase of 40,762,279 tons,
or nearly 9 per cent. This increase was
equal to 20 per cent, more than the en-
tire output of the United States in
1870.
GROWTH OF ENGINEERING
SOCIETIES.
The statistics of the important engi-
neering societies of the United States
and Canada show that the growth of
the four principal engineering societies in
the past five years has been as follows:
—American Institute of Electrical Engi-
neers, 7,118, an increase of 3,524; Am-
erican Society of Civil Engineers, 5,-
976, as compared with 3,569 members in
1906; American Institute of Mining En-
gineers, 4,200 instead of 3,886; and Am-
erican Society of Mechanical Engineers,
3,899, an increase of 970. Five years
ago the American Institute of Mining
Engineers was the largest society of the
four, but it has receded to the third
place, its increase being the smallest of
the four, only 314. The National Elec-
tric Light Association has Increased its
mennbership by about 1,000 in the past
few months; it had 923 members in
1906, and now has over 9,000. The
American Iron and Steel Association is
credited with a membership of over 200
corporations and companies, the Ameri-
can Iron and Steel Institute with 315
members, the American Museum of
Safety with 100, and the American So-
ciety for Testing Materials with 1,350
members.
One of the features of the statistics is
the increase shown in the number of
State engineering societies, and of sani-
tary engineering and water supply asso-
ciations formed during the past five
years. Among the more prominent new
societies formed in that period are the
American Institute of Chemical Engi-
neers, American Institute of Consulting
Engineers, American Metallurgical So-
ciety, American Society of Agricultural
Engineers, American Society of Engi-
neering Contractors, International Rail-
way Fuel Association, Inventors' Guild,
and the Mining and Metallurgical So-
ciety of America.
A
The Georgian Bay Canal and the Transportation Problem
By J. M. Shanly. M. Can. and Am. Soc. C.E.*
The Writer of This Article is Well Qualified to Express an Opinion as to the Advisability
and Necessity of This Oreat Project of the Georgian Bay Canal, and His Clearly Drawn
Comparisons and Detail of Costs Oo to Show the Need There is for Caution Before Any
Oovernment of this Dominion Embarks on the Scheme.
TIT'ITH the opeaing and rapid develop-
•" ment of our great grain producing
areas in the Northwest, the question of
cheap transportation to the ,seas becomes
of greater importance every day, and
naturally the project for a canal from
the Great Lakes to the St. Lawrence,
by way of the valleys of the Ottawa and
French Rivers, is arousing interest
among all classes of people. This route
seems to have been especially designed
by nature for such a waterway. The In-
dians in their canoes used it before the
days of white men on this continent ; the
early French explorers traveled it before
they knew anything of the route, via
the St. Lawrence, Lakes Ontario and
Erie ; and, in the days before railways
had become of great importance in the
development of the Dominion, it was
examined and reported on, for canaliza-
tion, as an improvement over that then
in use— via the St Lawrence and the
lakes.
It is still a moot question whether the
interests of Canada ;would be better serv-
ed by the construction of a canal by this
route, or by enlarging and improving the
St. Lawrence and Welland Canals. Both
propositions have their good points. It
is not the object of this article to take
up the discussion of the merits of these
respective propositions, but rather to
consider whether or not canals and ar-
tificial lines of navigation are the best
possible solution of the transportation
problem.
Railroad Development.
When the Georgian Bay Canal project
was first discussed, canals were the chiel
means of communication between inland
points, there were few railways in ex-
istence, and these were little better than
short tramways with light iron rails,
small cars and light locomotives. Oper-
ated by small, independent companies,
freight rates were high and the service
poor and uncertain. Under such condi-
tions, canals were preferable in every
way. In the half century or more since
elapsed, railways have been steadily im-
proving ; light iron rails have given place
to steel, wooden cars of 15 or 20 thou-
" sand pounds capacity, have been replaced
by steel cars capable of carrying 60, 80,
or 100,000 pounds of paying freight ; lo-
comotives have doubled and trebled in
size and hauling capacity, and the old,
• Civil Engineer, Montreal.
more or less, disconnected tramways
have become great trunk lines, stretch-
ing from ocean to ocean, and making
such connections, that freight can now
be loaded at almost any point on the
continent and sent through to any other
point without transhipment, and at
rates undreamed of in the old days.
The end, however, has not yet been
reached, for the great trunk lines are
spending millions of dollars every year
in cutting down grades, putting in extra
tracks, and improving both road-bed and
rolling stock, with the object of still
further reducing the cost of transporta-
tion. New types of locomotives are be-
ing designed, each a little larger or
better than the last, and people are even
now discussing the possibility of increas-
ed economy by doing away entirely with
the old familiar steam engine, and sub-
stituting for it the electric motor. A
few years ago the canal was far ahead
of the railway as an economical freight
carrier, now they are probably on about
an equal footing. What will be their re-
lative positions in another decade ?
Greorgian Bay Canal Report.
In response to popular demand, the
Dominion Government has recently taken
up the question of the Georgian Bay Ca-
nal, and a most thorough and complete
survey has been made of the whole route.
The report of their engineers is a model
one, and covers the ground completely,
leaving nothing, in connection with the
scheme, to be guessed at or taken for
granted. Detailed estimates of the cost
of each section and accurate figures as to
the ultimate capacity of the canal, bas-
ed on the supply of water available at
the summit, are given. From this re-
port, we find that the cost of complet-
ing the canal will be, in round figures,
$100,000,000. The annual cost of opera-
tion and maintenance, $900,000, and the
estimated probable capacity, 15,000,000
tons per annum.
The capacity of three locks at Sault
Ste Marie is given at 75,000,000 tons
annually ; that of the Georgian Bay Ca-
nal may be therefore, put at one third
of this, or 25,000,000 tons, as an abso-
lute maximum. For many years to come
the preponderance of the traffic will be
eastward, and vessels coming down fully
loaded would go back with half loads or
less. On this basis, the paying traffic
would be under 20,000,000 tons per an-
num.
Capacity Comparison With Railroads.
A double track railway line, with ele-
vators and other terminal facilities com-
plete and with maximum grades not ex-
ceeding 3-10 per cent., could be built and
equipped from Montreal to the Georgian
Bay, say 380 miles, for, at the outside,
$30,000,000; or less than one-third of the
cost of. the canal. Over this line an or-
dinary consolidation locomotive could
haul a net paying load of 2,300 ton*,
and, assuming as in the cost of the ca-
nal, that one-half the cars went back
empty, an average load of about 1,700
tons. With one train each way per hoar,
the capacity of the line would be 24,-
500,000 tons per annum, or during the
season of navigation, 16,500,000 tons.
Trains could no doubt be run at shorter
intervals than this, but ,no increase could
be made in the number of vessels using
the canal, so that the two systems
would be about on an equality as regards
capacity.
Freight Rates.
Owing to the fact that steamers bring-
ing grain and iron ore down to Buffalo,
can get return cargos of coal, etc., the
freight rates are lower to that port thai*
they would be by the canal route to
Montreal. The rate from Fort Willian>
to Buffalo may be taken at about 5(V
cents per ton ; on the same basis, the
rate to Montreal by the Georgian Bay
Canal route would be about 80 cento,
but the difficulty, at present, of securing
full cargoes for the return trip, would
necessitate this being increased to about
$1.
The steamer rate from Fort William to
a port on the Georgian Bay, including
transhipment at the latter point, might
be figured at about 55 cents per ton ;
this deducted from the canal rates
leaves 45 cents per ton for the charge
on our proposed railway end of the busi-
ness. We will take as a basis, the returns
of the Canada Atlantic, which runs
through the same section as our propoa-
ed line. In 1909, the cost of hauling a
freight train one mile on this road, was
practically $1.25. At this rate, the cost
of taking a train, carrying an average
load of 1,700 tons, over our 380 miles
of line, would be $475, or 28 cents per
ton, leaving a margin of 17 cents per
ton for bond interest, etc. Whether the
earnings would be sufficient to cover all
fixed charges, would of course, depend
largely on the volume of the traffic ; bnt^
•Jo6
CANADIAN MACHINERY
putting the rate of interest on bonds at
5 per cent., the total annual fixed charge
would be (1,500,000, and a traflic of 9,-
000,000 tons would provide that amount.
Allowing 4i per cent, interest on the
cost of the canal, and $900,000 a year
tor maintenance and operation, its total
annual charges would be $5,400,000, to
meet which a greater freight charge,
than the $1 per ton above mentioned,
would have to be made, or an additional
tax put upon the country at large.
Coal from the lower provinces and
traffic of that class could no doubt be
taken through more cheaply by canal
than by rail and water, owing to the
saving of cost in handling and diminish-
ed deterioration losses, but, so far as the
traffic In grain and food stuffs is con-
cerned, the railway would have the ad-
vantage. The canal would, in govern-
ment hands, act as a regulator of freight
rates ; but so would a government owned
railway. Both propositions would open
up new sections of the country, and tend
to encourage local industries. The con-
struction of the canal would develop
enormous water powers ; but these can
be developed as well, and at much less
cost, without the canal. As things stand
at present, it is a fairly even race be-
tween rail and artificial navigation.
The Canal Value Still Uncertain.
What the future may have in store can
be only guessed at ; but, while the canal
is limited in its capacity by the avail-
able water supply at the summit, the
railway is capable of practically un-
limited expansion by the construction of
extra tracks and improved terminals.
The canal, as designed, is capable of ac-
commodating much larger vessels than
the average freighters now in use on the
lakes ; the railway could also use more
powerful engines than those figured on
here, and thus largely increase the size
of its trains. As an example, there may
be cited the "Mallet" Compound Loco-
motives, recently built at the Angus
Shops of the C.P.R. These engines can
haul one hundred cars each loaded with
30 tons, over the 3-10 grades of our sup-
posed railway, increasing the assumed
train load nearly one-third, on very
slightly increased cost.
In conclusion, the writer does not wish
to be classed as an enemy of canals,
which have in the past been of immense
value to the country, and which will
DO doubt, continue to be so for a long
time to come ; but the development of
railways has now reached such a stage,
that apparently the old time pre-emin-
ence of the canal has disappeared, and
therefore, he is of the opinion that such
an enormous undertaking as the con-
struction of the Georgian Bay Canal
should not be commenced until all alter-
native schemes have been carefully
Ktudled.
FINANCES or CANADA.
A statement of the public accounts for
the last fiscal year shows receipts of
$117,780,409.78, and expenditures of
$87,774,198.32, leaving an apparent ..ur-
plus of $30,006,211.46 on consolidated
account. An additional outlay of $30,-
852,563.38 is shown on capital account,
includini^ $23,487,986.19 spent on the
transcontinental railway, $1,597,663.48
on bounties, including iron and steel,
$1,1.S8,748; lead, $248,534; binder twine,
$49,784, and petroleum, $160,596. The
debt increased $3,773,505. The Ottawa
mint made a profit of $861,188 on its
coinage of silver, and $34,827 on cop-
per coinage. A further profit of $15,-
889 comes from the excess bank circula-
tion during the harvest.
WORKERS TOO OLD AT FORTY.
That a man cannot get a new position
after he is forty years old was assert-
ed before the Employers' Liability and
Workmen's Compensation Commission
at Washington, by Arthur E. Holder of
the American Federation of Labor. He
had been speaking of the satisfactory
operation of the British compensation
act of 1906, which recently he had in-
vestigated, when a question was asked
as to its eflect on the employment of
men of advanced age.
In reply, Mr. Holder said that regird-
less of this law there was a marked dis-
crimination against the aged— not only
in Great Britain, but throughout the
industrial world. The man who is over
forty and who has a few grey hairs,
cannot get back when he once loses his
job, but he can hold on if he has a
place," he said. "It is the same here
as it is in England, and it is the same
in Germany and throughout the contin-
ent." This condition was not due,
said Mr. Holder, to any legislation, but
was the result of economic conditions
and came from the determination to get
the greatest amount of product out of
the human being employed.
With reference to the extent of com-
pensation for death or injuries, Mr.
Holder said he thought the law should
grant "all that the traffic will bear."
He declared no death benefits should be
less than $5,000, and no injury award
less than a dollar a day, regardless of
the ordinary compensation of the injured
employee.
STEEL TUBING.
The Customs Department recently is-
sued an order respecting certain classes
of steel tubing. It provides that the
dumping duty of 1907 shall apply, with-
out any exemption allowance, to iron
and steel tubing of from four to eight
inches diameter of a class made in Can-
ada This is ' a tightening up of the
dumping law as a slight measure of pro-
tection for Canadian industries. The
same order places smaller sizes of tub-
ing on the same basis as rolled rail and
steel as regards the dumping law. The
tax to be imposed' where the difference
between the fair market value and the
cost to the Canadian importer does not
exceed five per cent.
EFFECT OF TUNGSTEN IN TOOL
STEEL.
While tungsten has been known for
many years, its economic importance is
of recent growth. The meaning of the
name is heavy stone and its most im-
portant use, according to Frank L.
Hess, of the United States geological
survey, is an alloy for tool steel. Lathes
equipped with tools made from tungsten
steel may be speeded up until the chips
leaving the tool are so hot that they
turn blue, an operation that would spoil
the temper of high carbon steel. It is
stated that about five times as much
work can be done with lathes built for
such speed and work, as can be done by
the same lathes with carbon steel tools.
From 16 to 20 per cent, of tungsten is
ordinarily used in lathe tools. The melt-
ing point of tungsten is 5,576 degrees
Fahr. Tungsten also has important
use in making filaments for incandescent
lamps, crucibles for electric furnaces and
various other articles.
OFFER OF PRIZE.
The Society of German Foundry En-
gineers, with headquarters at 60 Sybel-
strasse, Charlottenburg, Germany, an-
nounces that it will offer prizes of 1,-
000, 500, and 300 marks ($238, $119 and
$71.40) to the writers who will submit
the best three treatises on the following
question: "Have real ' advances been
made in the construction and operation
of cupolas during the last 20 years?"
Full details regarding the contest may
be secured by addressing the society.
Investigations have been made at the
German official testing bureau for ma-
terials to ascertain to "vvhat extent re-
peated meltings of bearing metals in-
fluence their strength and reliability.
As regards white metal (alloys of cop-
per, antimony and tin) it was found that
repeated meltings did not noticeably
alter the grain, but that the rate of
cooling had a considerable influence.
Quick cooling yielded a finer grain and
higher hardness and strength, and the
investigators recommend that white met-
als should not be heated to high temper-
atures and that they should be cooled
rapidly. Bronze, poor in tin, and, there-
fore, comparatively inexpensive, may
have its hardness and strength increased
by being rapidly cooled from a temper-
ature of 1440 degrees F.
SYSTEMATIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Practical Articles for Managers, Superintendents, and Foremen, to
Assist in Carrying on the Business Exonomically and Elfficicntly.
AN AWARDS SCHEME.
'pHE William Denny Bros., Leven
•*• Shipyard, Dumbarton, Scotland,
"Awards Scheme" was one of the first
of its kind to be established, and has
now been in existence for twenty-nine
years. It has encouraged the men to
take a greater interest in their work,
and to study means by which output may
be improved. The scheme makes pro-
vision for awards to workers, exclusive
of head foremen or heads of depart-
ments, as follows : —
1. Inventing or introducing a new
machine or hand tool.
2. Improving any existing machine
or hand tool.
3. Applying any existing machine or
hand tool to a new class of work.
4. Discovering or introducing any
new method of carrying on or arranging
work.
5. Generally, making any change by
which work is rendered either superior
in quality or more economical in cost.
The adjudication of the awards is in
the hands of a nominee of the yard
and of the engine works respectively, in
collaboration with an impartial presi-
dent from outside the firm. The com-
mittee make a money award, within cer-
tain limits, according to their estimate
of the value of the invention, and if a
workman succeeds in gaining five awards
(which has been the case not infi'equent-
in existence a sum of about $12,500 has
been granted in awards and premiums,
and quite a number of highly service-
able inventions migiit be cited as being
in practical use.
The Denny-Brace spark catcher has
been largely adopted by shipowners,
and is recognized as adding considerably
to the comfort of those traveling on
board ship.
A popular form of compact heating
apparatus is the D.S.S. radiator, which
is not only well adapted to ships com-
partments, but to railway carriages or
other place where space is a consider-
ation.
A simple, but very serviceable little
invention is the Denny & Thompson com-
bination door hook and buffer, by which
an open door can be instantly and auto-
matically secured, and easily released
wlien required to be shut.
The Denny-Porterfield patent side-
lights have been adopted by several lead-
ing steamship companies, and are found
most eflficient. They have the advant-
age of giving the largest possible light-
ing area for any given frame space,
and, while water is efficiently excluded,
the ventilating arrangements are com-
plete and compact.
The Fyfe improved upcast ventilator
has been on tlie market for many years,
and is still largely in demand.
detail a limited number of devices re-
sulting from the operation of the fore-
going awards scheme.
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.
'TpHE U. S. War Department has ^iv-
en considerable attention to the
utilization of methods of scientific man-
agement in the various arsenal shops of
the government. The arsenal at Water-
town has been used practically as an ex-
periment station with a view of trying
out the theory before applying it gen-
erally. There, a "planning" room was
established which relieved the foreman
of much clerical duty and insured a con-
tinuous flow of work without cessation
and loss of time. Men were assigned to
keep the tools of others sharpened, an(^
laborers or messengers attended upon
the higher priced machinists, who were
thereby enable to devote their whole at-
tention to production. Another set of
men kept the plant in thorough order,
so that it could be worked at its high-
est efficiency. Experts were employed
to show the workmen just how fast
their machines should run and how deep
their tools should cut.
.\s a result, it is stated that it was
possible to reduce materially the cost
of manufacture. For example, the labor
cost of one set of parts for a 12-in mor-
Wiii. Denny Bros.' iiw.irds scheme — Fyte ven-
tilators. Denny-Thomson door book.
Wni. Denny Bros.' awanls scheme — D. S. S.
radiators.
Denny-Gourlay Lamps.
ly) he is granted a sum of money equal
to the amount of awards he as gained,
and so on for every five awards. If
an idea be sufficiently important to pat-
ent, the firm (in the event of the work-
man being unable to do so himself) look
after his interests, in addition to giving
him a special award.
During the time the scheme has been
A highly important invention has
lately been perfected by Archibald Den-
ny and Charles Henry Johnson of the
shipyard electrical staff, and is known as
tlie Denny & Johnson torsion meter. By
means of it, the torsion of revolving
shafts may be ascertained, thus enabling
the power transmitted to be calculated.
The accompanying cuts show in some
tor carriage was cut from $480 to $275,
and corresponding reductions were made
in other directions. A report on this
experiment at the Watertown Arsenal
has recently been made public, and in
commenting on it, Secretary of War
Stimson states that the results thus far
are highly gratifying and full of promise.
There has been an undoubted increase in
tioS
CANADIAN MACHINERY
the efficiency of the workmen at the
shop, and a material reduction in the
cost of manufacture. At the same time,
and to my mind, a matter of even
greater ' importance, is the fact that
these results have been obtained with-
out in any wise endangering the nter-
ests of the workingmen, either by de-
creasing their pay or requiring unplea-
sant exertion or "speeding up." On the
contrary, any increase in real efficiency
must bring about larger benefit to the
operatives.
PLANINa MILL ELEOTBIFICATION.
The latest addition to the list of elec-
trically operated wood-working plants
in the Canadian West is the mill and
box factory of the Brunette Sawmill
Co , Sapperton, B.C. The generating
equipment is housed in a reinforced con-
crete building 25 ft. z 35 ft., equipped
with metal sheathed doors, steel win-
dows with wire-glass panes, and other-
wise of fireproof construction.
The main generating unit is a 500
kv.a., 3-phase, 60 cycle, 480 volt, 3,600
r.p.m., A-C-B. steam turbo-generator,
designed for operating condensing on
110 lbs. steam pressure. The turbine
has a rated output of 670 h.p., and has
twenty-five per cent, overload capacity.
The exciter used in normal operation is
a 15 kw. C. G. E. turbo-generator run-
ning at 4,500 r.p.m. A second small
unit of 35 kw. capacity, A-C-B manu-
facture, direct-connected to a 9 x 10
Ideal engine, is normally used for the
lighting of the mill and the operation of
several small motors, but is also count-
ed on as a reserve exciter in case of
mishap to the smaller one.
The switchboard apparatus is of the
pedestal type, installed by the Canadian
Westinghouse Co. A Tirrill automatic
voltage regulator is used. Four main
circuits are laid from the power house,
two to the planing mill, one to the box
factory, and one to the saw-mill; the
local distribution in each case being
from a steel cabinet containing a slate
panel upon which all the starting fuses
(or the various motors are mounted.
The wiring is in steel conduit through-
out, with approved condulet fittings.
The motors (or the most part are di-
rectly connected by flexible coupiin!;s to
the machines they drive.
Mather, Yuill & Co., Vancouver, de-
signed and supervised the installar.ion.
mOHEST TRANSMISSION VOLTAGE
IN THE WORLD.
Tranaformers for a 150,000 volt trans-
mission line are now under constrtiction
by the AUis-Chalmers Co., Milwaukee,
Wis. They are 4,000 kv.a. single phase.
60 cycle, oil filled and water cooled, (or
service on the Pacific coast on the lines
o( the Nevada-California Power Co.
These transformers are designed for 36,-
000 and 6,600 volts on the low side,
and 87,000 volts on the high voltage
side. Three form a group which will be
connected in "delta" on the low voltage
side. The high voltage side is connect-
ed in "Y" to give 150,000 line voltage.
The transformers are designed for an
insulation test, between high voltage
and low voltage coils, or between high
voltage coils and iron, or 300,000 volts,
alternating current, for one minute. The
principal dimensions are as follows : —
diameter of base 8 ft. 10 in.; height to
top of cover 15 ft. 8 in.; height to top
of high tension terminals 19 ft. 10 in.
With normal supply of cooling water
these transformers will carry full rated
load for 24 hours with a temperature
rise not exceeding 40 degs. C. They will
carry 25 per cent, overload continuous-
ly with a temperature rise not exceed-
ing 55 degs. C. Each transformer com-
plete with oil, will weigh about 43 tons,
and the efficiency at full load will, it is
claimed, be considerably over 98 per
cent.
NEW AND OLD LOCOMOTIVES.
The Pacific type locomotive, which the
Pennsylvania Railroad has adopted for
heavy passenger service, is the largest
and most powerful passenger locomotive
In use on that road. The locomotive and
tender of this Pacific, or K-2 type, when
loaded with coal and water, weigh about
430,000 pounds. There are six driving
wheels 80 inches diameter, and the boil-
er contains 359 tubes, each 20.9 feet
long by 21- inches diameter, making a
total of nearly 1^ miles of tubes. The
heating surface of the tubes is about
4,420 square feet, and, in addition, the
fire-box has a heating surface of 199.3
square feet, the steam pressure is 205
pounds.
The oldest American locomotive, the
"John Bull," put into service on the
Camden and Amboy Railroad in 1831,
now in the National Museum, at Wash-
ington, weighs 24,625 pounds. It has
54-inch driving wheels, and 7 foot 6 in.
tubes, giving a heating surface of 213
square feet.
PROFIT BHARmO AT A PAPER
MILL.
The following intimation, affecting
about 700 employees, has been posted in
the various departments of the Inveresk
Paper Mills, Musselburgh, Scotland :—
"As recognition of the exertions of their
employes during the past year, the di-
rectors have decided to give a bonus at
the rate of one week's pay, which will
be paid during the first week of Decem-
ber. With the view to continuing this
system in the future, the directors ven-
ture to ask for the hearty co-operation
of all their employes, who can by care-
fulness and diligence, render it possible
and perhaps extend it." The managing
director of the company, R. C. Menzies,
J. P., St. Michael's, Inveresk, and the
other proprietors, have shown a kteen in-
terest in the welfare of the workpeople
by surporting their bowling green, their
reading and recreation rooms, and in
other ways.
THE GEORGIAN BAY CANAL.
A recent visitor to Ottawa was Sir
Robert Perks, of the contracting firm of
MacArthur, Perks & Co. In the course
of an interview. Sir Roberts Perks stat-
ed that he entertained hopes for the ear-
ly construction of the Georgian Bay
canal. The repudiation of reciprocity
would expedite the carrying out of the
project. The Panama canal, he said,
would be completed in 1913, and the
United States would make a desperate
effort to divert Canadian trade to Can-
ada's western ports, to the detriment of
the East. With the completion of the
Georgian Bay canal, Ottawa would be-
come a port in much the same way as
Manchester became a port through the
building of the Manchester ship canal.
The construction of a canal from the
St. Lawrence to Ottawa would take five
years.
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER COMMIS-
SION.
The commission which will deal with
navigable conditions on the St. Law-
rence River is composed of :— Professor
C. H. McLeod, McGill University; W. I.
Gear and Arthur Surveyor, Montreal.
The appointment was made by an order-
in-council dated August 29th, and will
be known as the St. Lawrence River
Commission. The duties of the new or-
ganization will be to examine conditions
prevailing in the river and to report up-
on the many power schemes now before
the federal authorities and the effect of
such works upon the navigation of the
river. Its jurisdiction will extend from
the head of Lake St. Francis to the port
of Montreal. The conrnission will also
study the improvement of the river
channel and the feasibility of deepening
the water highway to the sea to a depth
of 22 or 25 feet.
"Work of the right kind strengthens
the body, and develops the mdnd and the
character. Remember what you do to-
day helps on what you do to-morrow.
Your daily efforts are linked together
and cannot be considered alone."
INDUSTRIAL \ CONSTRUCTION NEWS
Establishment or Enlargement of Factories, Mills, Power Plants, Etc.; Construc-
tion of Railways, Bridges, Etc.; Municipal Undertakings ; Mining Newt.
lOUNDBY AND MACHINE SHOP.
Toronto, Ont. — The Semet-Solway Co., of
Syracuse. N.Y., propose establisliiiig a big
ooke uijinufacturiug plant here. The proposed
plaut will cost about $2,500,000. Coal by-
products will also be manufactured.
Saskaiooii, Sask. — The W. H. Church Co.
will establish a plant here to manufacture a
patented cement land packer. They will also
carry on a general machine and foundry
business.
Sarnia, Ont. — The Uobeson Preserve Pro-
ducts Co. have decided to locate at Point Ed-
ward, where they will engage in the manu-
facture of a preservative of wood, canvas,
iron, steel, concrete, etc.
Hamilton, Ont, — It has been announced that
next year the Steel Company of Canada will
spend $2,000,000 enlarging its plant. The plans
include a rod, blooming and billet mills, aua
two sixty-ton continuous open-hearth furn-
aces.
Sarnia, Ont. — The Mueller Manufacturing
Co. contemplate establishing a brass factory
here. The town is being asked to grant a
bonus of $20,000.
Calgary, Alta. — Hon. W. H. Cushing may
engage in the manufacture of street cars here.
Wina-ham, Ont. — The ratepayers passed tne
by-law to grant a loan to the Western Foun-
dry Co. to construct a new building and in-
stal n new plant.
Port Colbome, Ont. — A smelting works is
ready to locate here providing a lease of
dockage can be secured.
Vancouver, B.C. — The Graiil)y Consolidated
Mining & Smelting Co. Intend erecting a re-
duction works at Goose Bay, Observatory in-
let, Portland Canal District. $1,000,000 will be
expended.
Medley, B.C. — The machine shops of the
mining plant of the Hedley Gold Mining Co.
have been Improved by the addition of an
arrangement for grlodinr worn-out locomo-
tive drive wheels and car trucks. Another
addition recently made was the Installation of
a powerful magnet to separate the mine steel
from the ore.
Welland, Ont. — It Is expected that the John
Deere Manufaiturlng Co. will shortly com-
mence the erection of tlieir $1,000,000 plant
here.
OakvlIIe, Ont.— The Ware Mfg. Co. are
buildinK a factory here, 61x180 ft. and oue-
storey high.
Moncton, N.B. — A recent announcement from
soml-official sources, says that a portion of
the I.C.R. workshops here will be transferred
to Riviere du Loup, Que.
Pembroke, Ont. — Fire did $50,000 damage to
tlio works of the Thomas Pink Co. recently.
The machine shop and a quantity of valuable
tools and patterns were completely destroyed.
St. Johns, Que. — The ratepayers have voted
to bonus the Lightning Furnace Co., of Mont-
real, and the latter are now preparing to es-
tablish themselves here.
Kingston, Ont. — Geo. Wright's machine shop
was entered recenty by burglars who made
away with tools to the value of $35.
I.adysmitb, B.C.— The Tyee Copper Co. will
instal converters in their smelting plant here
and otherwise improve their property.
WIngham, Ont. — A farm implement manu-
facturing firm has been in touch with the
authorities and will likely establish an in-
dustry here.
Gait, Ont. — The Katie Foundry Co. are
among the first to take advantage of the In-
dustrial sites in Gait, They will establish an
up-to-date plant here, work on which will be
started next spring.
Regina, Sask. — Fire wiped out the plant of
Hje American Abell Thresher and Engine Co.
here recently. The estimated damage is dis-
tributed as follov.s: buildings. $10,000: separ-
ators and engine!, $(10,000; and repairs, $10U,-
000.
.Vortli Battleford, Hask. — A newly incorpor-
ated company, Wni. Clark & Co., Lave secur-
ed a site and will erect a foundry and shops
40 X W feet.
Gait, Ont. — Work on the Canadian Motors,
Limited new building Is considerably ad-
vanced. Other buildings will be erected in
the spring.
Welland, Ont. — The new buildings for the
Page-llersey Co. have been completed and
manufacturing will be started Just as soon us
the new machinery is Installed.
Ciuelph, Oot. — The Stewart Sheaf Loader
Co., of Winnipeg, will establish a $100,000
factory here, and give employment to 400 men.
It Is expected that the new factory will be
completed by the first of November, 1912.
Fort Wlltlam, Out.- Frank V. Samwell, of
Guelph, will establish a foundry here for the
manufacture of wrought iron pipes. The
plant and equipment will cost about $200,000,
of which the city is being asked to loan $100,-
000. ."iOO men will be employed.
Trenton, Ont. — The new C.N.K. shops are
Sractically completed. The works Include
fteen stalls, boiler shop and machine shops,
and occupies five acres of land.
Lindsay, Ont. — Several Improvements are
being made to Horn Bros.' woollen mills. The
boiler shop has been enlarged by the addi-
tion of a brick building 48xll& A 150 h.p.
boiler and a 100 h.p. Corliss engine are also
being installed.
Point LevU, Que. — The G.T.R. round house
was wiped out by fire recently.
Quebec, Que. — The C.N.R. have agreed with
the city to immediately commence the erec-
tion of their workshops here. In addition to
the car shops, a round house and storehouse
will be built.
JOUETTE, P.Q.
IDEAL SITES FOR FACTORIES.
Best Place in Quebec for Manufacturing
Railways C.P.R and C.N.Q.R.
Cheap Labour
Near Montreal
Good Sites
Electric Power
Water Power
Cheap Land
Every Advantage
Write to Secretary, To-wn of Joliette and
■we "will tell you ivKat "we Have to offer
Don't fail to mention thix paper in writing to advertisers.
m
CANADIAN MACHINERY
JD^^Z
"The Union That Cannot Leak
or Corrode"
has bronze on both faces of the joint and
heavy iron pipe ends. Dart Unions
make joints time after time, without
expense, and al-
ways stay tight.
Made in all convenient types-
flanged, elbow, tee, etc., male and
female. Nearly all dealers sell Dart Unions.
ONCE USED ALWAYS USED.
DART UNION CO., Ltd., TORONTO
Crucible Costs
Cost and price are distinct terms.
DIXON'S CRUCIBLES
are less costly because of the service you get out
of them. They give more heats and more general
satisfaction than you usually get from crucibles.
WRITE FOR BOOKLET No. 223-A.
Joseph Dixon Criirjhie Co. - Jersey City, N.J.
SIMONDS
(SI-MONDS)
Hack
Saw
Blades'
For both
Hand and
Power
Machine
Use.
Steel
blades
for cut-
ting .steel.
Hard,
tough,
even-tem-
pered blades.
Buy a gross of
Simonds Hack
Saw Blades to-
day for trial, or
write for quantity
prices and discounts.
Simonds Canada Saw
Co., Limited
MONTREAL, QUE.
St. Joko. N.B. VuMxnmr. B.C.
In ihi VniliaStaHi.SimoKdiUlt.Co.
SWIFT MOTOR GAR CO.
CHATHAM, ONT.
Contracts Solicited for
Special Machinery,
Automobile Parts,
Tools, Jigs, Fixtures,
Etc.
MANUFACTURERS OF
THE "SWIFT"
MARINE ENGINE
Nickelplatingf
AND
Polishing
Canadian Oliver
Typewriter Company
275 St. Martin Street. Montreal
Phone— Uptown 1878.
Special Machinery and
Models Made to Order.
Milton, Ont.— The Imperial Foundry Co.
shipped its first hot water boiler recently, the
siniie going to a Toronto tenement bouse.
Kegina, Sa.k. — The sum of $4,418 will be ap-
plied to the purchase of equipment for the
municipal railway's machine and blacksmith
.shop, armature shop, pit and motors.
l^orcupinv, Ont. — A second-hand stamp mill
has been acquired by the Little I'et .Mine from
tlio Swastilia Mining Co. A new stamp out-
fit will liliely be put in.
Windsor, Ont. — The ratepayers cast their
votes In favor of the by-laws granting induce-
ments to the Hupp Motor Co. and the White
.Machine Works. The latter concern are erect-
ing a steel plant 100 x 30 ft., while the former
liave prepared plans for two buildings ITBx
US ft. and 175 x 36 ft.
Saskatoon, Sask. — Messrs. Straphy & Spen-
cer, of Medicine Hat, have been Iiere with a
view to locating an industry for the manufac-
ture of a patent pump which they are intro-
ducing.
MUNICIPAI>.
Saskatoon, Sask. — The municipality is plan-
ning to spend $7i',000 for storm sewers.
Point Claire, Que. — The municipality is
taking steps to install drains, waterworks and
electric light.
Blairmore, Alta. — The ratepayers will be
asked to vote $45,000 for a waterworks system.
.Medicine Hat, Alta. — The municipality is
planning to spend $45,000 extending the wa-
terworks.
St. Catharines, Ont. — The ratepayers will
vote on a by-law to offer $38,000 to the St.
Catharines Artificial Gas Co. for their works,
plant and business.
Vancouver, B.C. — The city engineer has esti-
mated that $7,000,000 will be required to fin-
ish the city's work, which includes sewers,
street improvements and board of works
plant.
I'pnetanguishene, Ont. — The ratepayers will
be asked to pass a by-law to place the water-
works and electric light under the manage-
mtnt of a commission.
.tloose Jaw, Sask. — The ratepayers passed
three debenture by-laws totaling $603,000 for
waterworks, fire apparatus and sidewalks.
lirandon, Man. — The ratepayers have decid-
ed to grant the street railway franchise to a
private company, instead of inaugurating civic
ownership.
.Montreal, Que. — The city Is planning to
spend $500,000 to continue the water filtration
scheme.
Medicine Hat, Alta.— The ratepayers will
vote on a by-law to provide $45,000 for water
main extensions.
Three Rivers, Que.— The ratepayers gave
their assent to a by-law providing for an
electric street car system.
Ingersoll, Ont. — The burgesses passed the
by-law providing $7,500 for industrial pur-
poses.
Neepawa, Man. — The by-law to raise $100,-
000 for a waterworks system was carried.
ELECTRICAL.
Berlin. Ont.— The by-law to provide $25,000
for lighting purposes was carried by the rate-
payers.
Swift Current, Sask.— The by-law providing
tor an electric light system was passed by
the ratepayers.
Baden, Ont. — The ratepayers have author-
ized an expenditure of $5,000 for the erection
of a power plant.
Beachville, Ont.— The by-law to raise $5,000
for a Hydro-Electric power plant was carried
l)y the burgesses.
Rouleau, Sask. — The ratepayers passed the
by-law to raise $15,000 for the completion of
the electric light system.
Sturgeon Falls, Ont.— The town will pur-
chase the Sturgeon Falls Electric Light &
I'ower Co. for the sum of $25,000.
Waterford, Ont. — The by-law providing for
an electric power service was passed by the
ratepayers.
Killarney, Man.— An offer subject to the
approval of the ratepayers has been made lor
the purchase of the CoUison Electric Light
Co. for $13,000.
Upton, Que. — The municipality is planning
to Instal a waterworks and electric light plant.
Brantford, Ont. — Several conferences were
held here recently with regard to Hydro-
Electric power, and by-laws providing for
same will likely be submitted here and in
Paris, in the near future.
Toronto, Ont. — The proposed Hydro-Electric
extension by-law will entail an expenditure
of approximately .$2,220,000.
Lethbrldge, Alta.— The report of the super-
intendent of engineers to the city council in
l)rlef, is as follows : In the power house they
have generated 138,055 kilowatt hours in July.
1011,185 kilowatt hours in August, and 128,080
CANADIAN MACHINERY
67
kilowatt liuurs in Hepteuiber, uiiiklug a total
of 375,4^ kilowatt hours for the quarter.
Water pumped was as follows; July, 34,:;04,(H)U
gallons; August, 27,1111,000 gallous; September,
k!80,2;{3,000 gallons, making a total ot 1)0,13«,-
000 gallons for the quarter. The Uuauces are
as follows :
Kecelpts. Expenditures
July $0,111. l;i $4,00U.07
August 7,430.52 4,034.7S
September 7,48'J.S2 4,433.00
$21,037.40 $12,470.91
This shows a proBt of $S,0U0.55 for .the quar-
ter. Deducting $0,109.02 quarterly interest
and sinking fund, there is left a net gain ot
$2,400.03. Adding that of the previous six
months, $8,414.77, there appears a total prollt
of $10,w;ri.40 for the nine months.
Qucbei', I'.Q. — It is reported that the Quc-
be<' Government is likely to follow the On-
tario Government and appoint a commission
with similar powers to the Hydro-Electric
Commission, in the near future. It is also
stated that the head ot the new commission
will be Hon. S. N. Parent, late chairnnin of
the Transcontinental Itailway Commission.
Halifax, N.S. — Keport states that the Dart-
mouth Electric Light Co. will pass into the
possession, about the new year, of F. B. Mc-
Curdy & Co., for parties who did not appear
in the transaction. It Is further reported thai
the property is being purchased for the Nova
Scotia Power Co., whose plant will be on the
Mersey River, eighty miles from Halifax.
The present owners of the Dartmouth plant
an! the Uoyal Securities Co.
Niagara Falls, Ont. — The Court of Revision
has refused to entertain the appeal of the
Ontario Power Co. for a reduction of assess-
ment from $1,941,000.
Ottawa, Ont. — An order-ln-oouncil has been
passed formally approving the plans of the
Cedar Rapids Power Co., for the development
of power at Cedar Rapids in the St. Lawrence
River.
Ottawa, Ont. — It is the. iatentlon of the
Ottawa Electric to largely add to their steaui
au.xlllaries in the near future as well as to
proceed with further larger waterpower de-
velopment to the extent of ten thousand horse-
power at the Chaudiere. The company own.s
the waterpower in the middle of the Des-
chenes Rapids between the Hull Electric and
Metropolitan powers, with a view to future
development. The business is increasing anc;
the contemplated improvements are to keep
pace with it.
St. John, N.B. — Cheaper power for new in-
dustries in St. John will be secured if tue
provincial legislature ratifies the agreement
nnide betweeu the city council and the New
Brunswick Hydro-IOlectric Co. The latter has
been given a fifty years' franchise, subject to
various provisions, and the maximum rates
for power and light are stated as part of the
agreement. The company proposes to gener-
ate power at Lepreaux and transmit it to the
city. Its franchise is not exclusive and win
not prevent the Inglewood Pulp and Paper
Co., which has valuable waterpower nearer to
the city, from doing business on similar
terms. The latter company has also opened
negotiations with the city. The outlook,
therefore, is for cheap light and power.
Winnipeg;, Man. — The civic power commis-
sion of Winnipeg, has closed a long term
contract with the Canadian Pacific Railway
for the supply of 500 horsepower from the
Point du Bols plant.
B.vron, Ont. — The residents have asked for
hydro power, and Superintendent Glaubit/.,
London, has promised to take up the exten-
sion of the line for them at once.
Virden, Man. — The mayor and council are
open to receive proposition for installation
and operation of light and power plant within
the town limits. Information from Secy.-
Treas. J. F. G. Meniove.
Waterford, Ont. — The by-law to install an
electric lighting system carried by a vote of
176 to 46, and tenders will be called at once.
Sasliatoon, Sasit. — The new power house be-
ing erected at Saskatoon is well under way.
The steel work and most of the brick work
is completed. The floor space covers an area
of 85x54 feet. Three 500 h.p. boilers are be-
in;; Installed this autumn, which will operate
three generators not yet set in place. The
boilers are of the Babcock & Wilcox type.
It Is expected that a large hydro-electric plant
will be started next spring, a few miles out
of Saskatoon, by a private company. It Is
also expected that the same company will
construct and operate a street railway system.
The present Intention is to obtain power for
the citv's requirements from the hydro-elec-
tric Installation when complete. To this end
the power house is being made large enough
to accommodate transforming equipment.
Windsor Mllis, P.Q. — The Corporation of
Windsor Mills. P.Q.. has accepted the tender
of the Canadian Crocker-Wheeler Company,
of St. Catharines. Ont.. for three-phase sixty-
cycle apparatus, to replace the present equip-
ment of 12r)-cycle single-phase.
SOMETHING NEW
To cut the time of setiing worK to the minimum
For
Drills
we
make
9"
12"
16"
or 20"
Sq.
Tables
For Shapers,
Milling
Machines,
Lathes or
Grinders
6 " X 9 "
10" X 16"
13" X 20 "
Tables
Universal Table and Ang'le Plate
Swings thru complete circle and to 90 degrees on either side and
is absolutely rigid when locked. Let us prove its time-saving abili-
ties in your own shop by shipping one on approval.
THE FORD-SMITH MACHINE COMPANY
HAMILTON. ONTARIO
Jessop's Best Tool Steel
1b yet unexcelled for cutting tools
of all kinds, and for general
machine-shop use.
Jessop's "Ark" High-speed
Ctppl gives marvellous results
— heavy cuts — at rapid
speed; cannot be burned.
The favorite brands with users of good steel.
A large assortment of sizes in stock.
Jessop's high-grade files and rasps.
Manufactured by WM. JESSOP & SONS, Ltd. Sheffield. Eng.
Reid Newfoundland Co. Alex. Woods' Chas. L. Bailey
St. John's, Newfoundland 138 Murray Street 80 Bay St.
Montreal, Que Toronto, Ont
PURE ALUMINIUM
in the form of
Ingots, Sheets, Tubing, Bars, Angles, Rods, Lap Plates,
Moulding, Nails and Rivets always carried in stock.
The British Aluminium Co., Limited
LONDON, - ENGLAND
Canadian Head Office : 60 W. Front St., Toronto, Can.
as
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Special Taps
Special Dies
Special Reamers
Unless you have
special appliances,
you can get these
tools from us bet-
ter and cheaper
than you can make
them.
We have the equip-
ment and the ex-
perience. Ask us
for prices.
A. B. JARDINE & CO.
HESPELER, 0N\
"GUSHMAN" CHUCKS
Our 1911 Catalogue of valu
able information regarding
"CUSHMAN CHUCKS"
is now ready. Better write for
it. It's free on request.
The Gushman Chuck Co.
Hirttord, Conn., U.S.t.
■•tablUtiwI Uei
BVIIiDINO NOTES.
.Montreal, Que. — A new apartment bouse is
to t)e erected ou Bisbop Street. It will cost
;i:]()U.O00.
.Medicine list, Alta.— Messrs. H. K. Lotz and
K. J. McKae are plaDuiug to build a new
opera buuse bere.
Toronto, Ont. — Tbe Masons of Toronto are
preparing to erect a $250,000 ball here.
Vancouver, B.C. — Uepreseuiatives of tbe Sul-
livan and Considlne circuit bave been bere in
connection witb tbe proposed new theatre.
Calcary, Alta. — Tbe city engineer has pre-
piii-«>U plans for a new traffic and street rail-
way bridge, to cost $100,000.
Brandon, Man.— Tbe Manitoba Winter Fair
board bave prepared plans for a building
to cost $80,000.
Toronto, Ont. — Entirely new plans have
been prepared tor tbe new Central V.M.C.A.
The new plans call for a building to cost
$oOO,000.
SAW AND PI.ANING MII.I-8.
Calcary, Alta. — Tbe Wattsburg Lumber Co.,
of Wattsburg, B.C., contemplate establishing
a sash and door factory here.
Caisary, Alta. — The Riverside Lumber Co.
intends erecting a boi factory here iu addi-
tion to their already large plant.
Qaesnel, B.C. — Tbe Reid sawmill was total-
ly destroyed by Are recently, tbe loss being
in the neighborhood of $15,000.
Kmo, Ont. — W. J. Thompson, of Keuora, has
reconstructed and Improved tbe old Matcbet
sawmill here.
Kdmonton, Alta. — Tbe Edmonton Casket &
Boi Mfg. Co. intend erecting a new and
greatly enlarged plant.
Beanisvllle, Ont. — Tbe planing and flour
mills of R. O. Konkle were destroyed by Are
recently. Tbe loss is $9,000.
Prince Rupert, B.C. — Anthony Ludgate, of
Pembroke. Ont., proposes building a lumber
mill and will probably locate it near Kitsum-
kalum.
Frnltvale, B.C. — Darseveld Bros, are prepar-
ing to erect a sawmill here.
Dryden, Ont. — The Dryden Timber & Power
Co have commenced tbe erection of tbelr
pulp and paper mill. It is expected that it
win be completed by next July.
Mull, Ont. — The lumber and stave mill of
Nell Watson was destroyed by Are recently.
The damage amounted to $8,000.
Kamloops. B.C. — The Kamloops Sash and
Door Factory will be greatly enlarged. The
new premises will be equipped wltfi modern
machinery.
GENEBAI.. MANCFACTCBINO
Toronto, Ont. — Plans are being prepared for
erection of a tanning factory to cost $13,000
for W. B. Levack, 1189 Bathurst Street, To-
ronto; 2 storeys, brick and concrete, con-
crete foundation, tar and gravel roof, steam
he;. ting, electric lighting, flre escapes, tanning
ni;.chlnery, brick, concrete vats, etc.; sprink-
ler system, pumps, engines, boilers, and beam
bi use equipment.
Hamilton, Ont. — Tenders will be called sliort-
ly for extension to plant to cost $2,000,000,
on Sherman Avenue, of Steel Company of
C^jnada. Morgan & Co., Worcester, Mass., U.
S.. are preparing plans. Rod mill, blooming
mill, billet mill, two 60-ton continuous open-
hearth furnaces are required.
Edmonton, Alta. — Tenders are called until
.Tan. 1 for machinery for Edmonton Portland
Cement Co., Hoser, Ryder block, Edmonton;
coal crushers and pulverissers ; alsi clinker
crushers.
Aylmer, Ont. — The Aylmer Pump & Scale
Works win enlarge Its offices and make ex-
tensive Improvements in them. Modern equlp-
iient win be required.
Branlford, Ont: — The Cocksbutt Plow Co. Is
said to bave acquired a controlling Interest in
tbe Brantford Carriage Works and the Adams
Wagon Works Co. Both plants will extend.
Brantford, Ont. — It Is expecteil that the
Barber-Ellts Co. will build a factory on Marl-
b<,ro Street, to einploy 260 hands.
Calcary, Alta. — W. H. Cushlng, snsh and
door manufacturer. Calgary, is contemplat-
ing the erection of a plant for the manufac-
ture of street car bodies. The Western .Ma-
chine a Supply Co. have made application to
the city for a site In the Manchester sub-
division for erection of a factory. The com-
pany wishes to engage In the mannfi<irre of
irort products. Industrial Commissioner Mr.
Miller, Cralc and Hose. Bdtnburgh, Scotland,
are contemplating the erection In the city or
a plant to manufacture pAInt^ and varnishes.
Fraser & Ke:ililow are excavating for nu»Ine»!<
block, cost $xn.000. In Bast Cali?ar.v; archi-
tect. L. Dowler. Alexander block, Calgary;
fonr-storey. 3.3x80. brl'k. concrete foundation,
steam heating (steam boiler), electric light,
liir and gravel roof, hardwood Interior flnlsti.
I'.i milTKler of work In spring. No general
"oirtni. t let. It Is probable owner will super-
vise.
PATENT
Shaft straightening
MACHINE
For use on the Lathe.
NO HAMMERING
For round or
square Bars,
Cranks, Tubes,
Etc.
Write for Lists to
W. COPLEY & SON
Machine Tool Maker,>
HALIFAX - ENGLAND
May we prove our claims?
We maintain that no test is
too severe for the
IMPERIAL CHUCK
and we know you will agree
with us, once you have tried it.
May we send you one, car-
riage paid, on 30 days' FREE
TRIAL? Use it in your shop,
test it any way you can think,
and if it won't do all you ask
of it, and more, send it back
at our expense /
Let us have your request
for a FREE TRIAL of the
"Imperial." Write us to-day.
Send for catalogue.
Ker & Goodwin
Brantford, Canada
CANADIANMACHINERY 69
THE MANAGER OF
THE LARGEST WORKS
IN CANADA
must at times feel the need of an inexpensive lathe for his private
experimental work. Much good thought and invention die out for
v^rant of easily and cheaply making experiments or models of an
idea, a whole workshop of expensive tools usually being required,
although the model needed may be small.
WE HAVE DESIGNED A TOOL FOR THIS WORK
A complete, self-acting, sliding, boring and screw-cutting lathe, 4 in.
centres, 2 ft. 4 in. bed, capable of doing all plain milling, keyway
cutting, etc.
ITS COST IS $24
AT WORKS
IN ENGLAND
There is no suggestion of toy about it : it is a tool rigid enough
for the heaviest work it can hold.
DRUMMOND BROS., Limited
Reid Hall, Guildford, Surrey, England fiH
mHliyrn FIRMS TO TAKE UP AGENCIES IN ALL
WAN I CII PARTS OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA
Don't jail to mention this jpiper in wnling to advertisers.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
BRONZE-ALUMINIUM -BRASS -MANGANESE BRONZE
Why pay for bad castines and the machining cost on
them? Our castings are right, and scientifically made.
Lumen Bearing Company
TOROMTO, ONT.
WESTON ROAD and C.P R.
(b^^ER
SCREWS THAT ARE THREADED TWICE
ARE THE KIND YOU WANT.
^or» l_il<4»ly -to bo Accura-t^.
"MORRO\A^" Set and Cap Screws are threaded twice. (Two
dies over each screw).
Makes Morrow make uniform.
DON'T ALLOW ANY FIRM TO SELL YOU INFERIOR MAKES.
The JOHN MORROW SCREW, Limited, INGERSOLL
GENERAL BUILDING.
I'ort Arthur, Ont. — The Pella Stocker Co.,
o( I'ella, la., will locate the Canadian branch
of their Industry here. The buildings and
site will cost $15,000.
Kingston, Ont. — The G. T. R. have applied
for 7i>0 h.p. to run a drilling and crushing
plant at a granite quarry to be located a few
miles from here.
I'urtaKe la Prairie, Man. — The new addition
to the Stephens Brick Co. was completed re-
cently. It Is operated by a 50 h.p. steam
plant.
Chatham, N.B. — Groat's carriage and repair
siuips suffered $4,000 loss by fire recently.
HooOstoclj, Ont. — The City Dairy Co., of
Toronto, are erecting a $12,000 building here
.uul will make Woodstock their distributing
point. They will also manufacture butter
luid condensed milk.
Brantford, Ont. — The carriage shop of Reeve
Cameron was destroyed by Are recently. The
loss is ?1,500.
Tort Cllborne, Ont. — The Crown Gypsum
Co.. Lythmore, in Oneida Township, have let
the contract for a new factory, 244x70 feet.
.Modern machinery will be installed.
Cnlgrar.T, Alta. — Mayor H. A. Shortt and
Conrad Knapp, of the MUhigan "Soo," con-
tinipiate spending $100,000 in the erection of a
lirewery here.
Toronto, Ont. — Scythes & Co. have purchased
the two-storey factory at 24.3 Macdoueli Ave.
for $13,000. The property is 50x225 feet.
Ottawa, Ont. — The Wm. Davies Co., of To-
ronto, will erect a large warehouse here. This
will Include a cold storage plant.
Xoronto, Ont. — The Cooper Cap Co. are erect-
ing a $60,000 warehouse at the corner of
Grange and Spadina.
Sydney, C.B. — Nash & McAllister are erect-
injr a bottling plant in connection with their
soda water factory here.
Toronto, Ont. — The Copland Brewing Co.
;nc building a $50,000 addition to their brew-
ery here.
Wallaceburg, Ont. — The Dominion Sugar Co.
have placed an order for two new 700 and 800
h.p. gas engines, which will be about the
l)iggest in Canada.
Bracebridge, Ont.— The Shier Lumber Co.
ion template building a chemical plant here.
Masxett, B.C. — It has been reported that an
English company has purchased the oil plant
at Skirtmore and will expend $50,000 on a
colli storage plant.
St. John, N.B. — T. S. Simms & Co. have
secured a site for their new brush factory
lierc.
Hamilton, Ont. — The Dominion Canners have
set aside $500,000 for extending their plants
at various centres. $100,000 will be spent on a
i;K-torv here.
TK.*.DE NOTES.
The Canadian Tap & Ule Co., Gait, Ont.,
arc soon to add to their now extensive line of
Little Giant screw plates by placing on the
market a new set, which, while maintaining
their high degree of accuracy, will be sold at
a price that will bring it within the reach of
everyone. Its capacity will be % to V^-in.
by l-16th.
The Russell Machine Co., St. Catharines,
took a contract recently to cut a 40-lnch gear,
and successfully completed the work on a
McGregor-Gourlay shaper. This is something
new in the cutting of gears. Special jigs
were made for the purpose. Some large con-
cerns in the machine repair business turned
this work away. Great credit is due this
voung. enterprising firm. They recently made
alterations at their factory and equipped
themselves for all kinds of drop forging and
press work, havinff installed the latest ma-
chinerv necessary for this purpose.
The St. Catharines Brass Works is a rapid-
ly growing concern, having recently made an
•■ulditlon to their plant.
" Dominion "
Wheels
are graded to suit your particular requirements. We will be glad
to help you out on any proposition. For SCllB by
J. R. BAXTER & CO. H. W. PETRIE, LTD, McDOUGALS LTD.
MONTREAL. CAN. TORONTO. CAN. OTTAWA. CAN.
N. D. McPHIE W H. ROSEVEAR
HAMILTON. CAN WINNIPEG. MAN.
THE DOMINION ABRASIVE WHEEL & SUPPLY CO., Ltd.
BIRMINGHAM. ENGLAND
Or the ManufaoturBra
The Dominion Abrasive Wheel Co., Limited
NEW TORONTO, ONT., CANADA
The adverliser would like to know where yoti saw his advertisement — tell him.
CANADIAN MACHINERY
71
The Kerr Turbine Co., WelUville, N.Y.,
ndvlscs that over 700 of their machines, agn'-r-
gating more than 50,000 h.p.. are in active
service, and that more unfilled orders are
now booked than at any previous time in the
history of the company. Although their plant
has been materially enlargeti. a night shirt
has been necessary for the past two and a
half years. Among recent orders are the fol-
lowing: One 350 kw. turbo-alternator for the
Urooklyn refinery of the Standard Oil Co. ;
two 2800-gal. per mln. turbo-pump units tor
Tidewater Oil Co. ; two 75 kw. and one '.Vj
kw. lighting sets to American Shipbuilding
Co., for the new steamer "City of Detroit" :
two 75 kw. lighting sets for waterworks ser-
vice. City of Chicago; one CO b.h.p. turbo-
generator, with prony brake attachment, for
the University of Melbourne. Australia (this
unit takes steam at 200 lb. gauge, with 200
deg. superheat, and exhausts to 28-ln. va-
cuum) : one 215 h.p. turbo-blower for Peoples
Gas Light & Coke Co., Chicago (the tenth
set of this size ordered by these people) ; two
underwriter fire pumps driven by 200 h.p.
Kerr turbines, for Stieger & Sons' piano fac-
tory, Stieger, 111.; one fire pump driven by
2()."i h.p. Kerr turbine for B. M. Osbun Co..
Chicago. This last named will be the only
turbine-driven fire pump in the City of Chi-
cago.
Steel & Radiation, which was recently con-
stituted from several local Irjnworking con-
cerns, will have Sir Henry M. lellatt as pre-
sident, and Hon. J. M. Glbdou as vlce-presi-
denl.
Montreal. — The board of co'ltrol have order-
eil pians prepared for a refrigevalion plant
for Bonsecours market. No estimate ha.s yet
been mentioned.
The Robb Engineerlngr Co., Amherst, N.8.,
have secured the following contracts: The
Wollesley liuspital, Toronto, two Kobb-Arm-
strong engines, direct-connected to Westing-
house generators, for their new power plant;
the Imperial Oil Company, of Winnipeg, a
Kobb-Armstrong engine of 150 h.p. direct-
connected to a Westlnghouse generator; the
Edison Electric Co.. Sprlhghill, N.S., a 200
h.p. Robb-.\rmstrong Corliss engine, direct-
connected to electric generator.
The Berg: Machinery Co., Bathnrst Street,
Toronto, are replacing their steam plant with
electric drive. The new equipment will con-
sist of twelve motors, totaling 127 h.p.
The Spectator Printing Co., Hamilton, are
installing individual motors on all their
presses and machinery. The presses are to be
driven by variable speed d.c. motors and cur-
rent for same will be supplied by a d.c. gen-
erator, driven by an a.c. motor.
The University of Toronto are installing a
440 h.p. high-speed, compound engine, driving
a 300 kw. d.c. 3-wlre generator.
Contracts for all the above equipments have
been awarded to Chapman & Walker, con-
tracting engineers, 69 Victoria St., Toronto.
The John Inglis Co., Toronto, have recently
completed a horizontal cross-compound,
double-acting, outside packed pump for the
town of Gananoque, Ont. It is of the "tug-
of-war" type, and has steam cylinders 13 and
24 inches diameter by 24 Inches stroke. The
water plungers are 8"/8 inches diameter. The
pump runs at !50 r.p.m., and has a capacity of
1% million gallons per 24 hours, against a
domestic pressure of CO pounds and a fire
pressure of 115 pounds. It is arranged with
piping and valves so that either side can be
run independently of the other.
Jones & Glassco, Nicholas Building:, Mont-
real, advise us that their principals, Hans
Renold, Ltd., Manchester, England, manufac-
turers of Steel Driving Chains, have been
awarded the Grand Prix at Turin, Italy, in
tour classes — these being for their Chains tor
Engineering, Cycle, Motor-cycle, and Motor
Vehicle work.
The main offices of A. Eugene Michel and
Staff, Advertifiing Engineers, have been moved
Into the Park Row Building, 21 Park Kow,
New York, where larger space has been se-
cured, as necessitated by constantly increas-
ing; business.
Jones & Glassco, Nicholas Building, Mont-
real, Inform us that their principals, Watson,
Laldlaw & Co., Glasgow, have been awarded
one Grand I'rize, one Diploma of Honor and
two Gold Medals for their Centrifugal, Hydro-
Extractors and Cream Separators, at the
Turin Exhibition, Italy. The installation
which received the Grand Prize was the one
In which an electrically-driven, a water-
driven and a belt-driven machine were erect-
ed on the same framing for comparison of the
three systems. The Diploma of Honor was
aw.irded to the Hydro-Extractor method of
driving Centrifugals. The Gold Medal was
awarded to the Hydro-Extractor exhibited,
and the Princess Cream Separator secured the
other Gold Medal.
The Cambria Steel Co. has appointed W.
Beverly Robinson & Co., Montreal, as its
Canadian agents for the sale of rails, billets,
cars, wire products, etc.
PA TTER NS
Patterns of Every Description.
Satisfaction Guaranteed.
R. POTTS, Toronto
8S Richmond Si. W. Phone: Adelaide 103
ARMSTRONG BROS.
16 Sheppard St., Toronto
Mtr.. of SPECIAL MACHINERY
Patents Parfactad
QEAR CUTTING, TOOLS, DIES, ETC.
Ruchlnf and Pleitlnc iMachlnary.
STAMPINGS S
No matter how^ hard a stfltnpinf; problem you
put up to us. the chances are we can satisfy
you Many people use stampings in place of
castings and find them more satisfactory and
often cheaper. Send blue prints and samples
and let us quote you.
PATTERNS AND MODELS
The Silent Partner is an intcr-
estine little magazine. We send
It free— when there's a reason
THE 6L0BE MACHINE & STAMPING CO.
899 Hamilton Street, Cleveland, 0.
Oil Tempered
Steel
Springs
— for every purpose
and the best for each
use.
Special styles of
all kinds to order.
THE CLEVELAND
WIRE SPRINIi CO.
Cleveland, Ohio.
-^ALL KINDS
Difficult' Core Work a Sp«c!«lly
Hi^h Grade • Righf Prices ■ Promp^ Delivery
THE HAMILTON PATTERN W0RK3
iSS CATHERINE. STREtT NORTH
HAMILTON . ONT
PATTERNS
AND
MODELS
of every dfttcription
made of wood or met-
al.andforall purposes.
When your Pattern
Shop is crowrded send
some work here for
%vell made patterns.
I mndc your %vay.
SPECIAL ATTENTlAN 8IIEI
TO IIEAK OOWI JOIS AID
HURRIfO WORK
Atto tht Drauihltagef asji kind of maehlBinr
whithvr Rliehanlcal k Elactrlcal
JAMES SIBLEY ^"^RV.!r
Phone Main 5603
FOR
KINDS or MACHINE
WORK. MADE IN
WOOD. BRASS
WHITE METAL OR IRON
'by the very highest class of skilled'
nechanics.
Only the highest grade of material
used in our work. We can handle
your pattern work to your complete
satisfaction.
Let us quote prices.
TORONTO PATTERN WORKS
67 JarvisSt.ToroRto.Canadak
NOTICE
The Downer Pattern Works
LATE OF
116 Adelaide Street West, Toronto
HAVE REMOVED TO LARGER
AND BETTER PREMISES AT
172 King Street West
72
CANADIAN MACHINERY
Q) Limited. ©
j/nan'^iczurerj
MALLEABLE
• IRON -
CASTINGS
• TWO PLANTS *
Smith's Falls Ontano
St. Catharines Brass Works
Manufacturftrs of
Aluminum, Bnss, Bronze and Copprr Castings
Send us your patterns (or trial.
ST. CATHARINES. ONT.
JOHN J. GARTSHORE
3 Front St. W., Toronto
DAM Q a"d SUPPLIES
ri/AIL.O Naw Slid Second-hiad
For RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, Etc
Old Material Bought and Sold.
TEL. iAIN 4158
329 ST. JAMES
The Foss & |Hiii liech'y Go.
SOLK AGENTS FOR
Scbumache^ * Boye, . Iisthes
The G. A. Gray Co Planers
The Cincinnati L,athe & Tool Co. 16" tathes
The Mueller Machine Tool Co. Radial Drill
Hoefer Machine Tool Co., Drill Presses
The Qneen City Machine Tool Co., Sbapers
I.ondon Concrete Machinery Co.,
Concrete Mixers, Moulds, Etc.
The J. T. Slocnmb Co., . ■ Micrometers
Wood and Iron Working Machinery.
Pipe Threadinc Machines.
Stone Crushers.
Hangers, Sbaftinc, Pulleys, Belting.
Gasoline Engines, Hack Saws.
Canadian Hart Corundum Wheels in Stock.
DISTRIBUTING AGENTS FOR
The Dominion Metal Co.'s Babbitt
Estimates givsn
on application
Castings of all
Descriptions
MAASS BROS.
IRVING AVENUE
OTTAWA, ONT.
maC1ine^shop~and^man^
ufacturing machinists
Shafting, Pulleys. Hangers, Emery \Vhee
Stands. Curling Stones, Boat Winches. Saw
Arbors. Lath and Bolter Machines, General
Mill Machinery.
Pulp Mill Work a Specialty
BETTER RESULTS AT LOWER COST
can be secured for any class of castings by arranging your mixtures by
analysis. Years of practical experience in foundry work are at your
service when you consult with
The Toronto Testing Laboratory, Limited
18 SATURDAY NIGHT BUILDING, TORONTO
EXPERT FOUNDRYMEN. METALLURGISTS, CHEMISTS
TESTS OF METALS. FUELS, CORES. OILS. Etc., AT REASONABLE PRICES.
All weidhts up to 6.000 lbs.
We make a sjiSecial^ of difficult cored work
LET US riCURE: ON YOUR REOUIREMEINTS
GaltFoundry Co, Galt.Ont.
WATER POWER ANp SCPPtY.
Quebec, Que. — Tenders are called until Dec.
20th for new water supply scheme. Consult-
ing engineer. T. A. Jardine Forester, Que-
bec (A) — 44 and 40-ln. dia. c.i pipes, spe-
cials, valves, etc. (B) — 14 and 40-ln. dia. steel
pipes, specials, etc. Speeiflcations at city
hall.
Strathcona, Alta. — Specifications are being^
prepared tor extension of pumping plant.
City engineer, A. J. MacLean ; superintendent,
power plant. Engineer .7. Watson. Another
unit is contemplated ; pump to be for high
pressure work and of turbine type either en-
gine or motor driven. Cost estimated at
$L'0,000. Specifications being prepared by Mr.
Watson.
Vancouver, B.C. — Water power plant to cost
$500,000, Puntledge river, for the Canadian
Collieries, of Duusmuir; contractors, Grant,
Smith & Co., Pacific Bldg., Vancouver. Plant
will develop 12,000 h.p. hydraulically ; power
for mines and railway will be furnished. Tne
company will expend $1,600,000 in new equip-
ment and extensions next year In the coal
fields on Vancouver Island.
Walter B. Snow announces the recent addi-
tion to his staff of Sidney Q. Koon, M.M.E.,^
tor four years editor of "International Ma-
rine Engineering," and later metallurgist,
Jones & Laughlin Steel Co.; and also the
addition some time since of John S. NichoU,
B.S., lately with the New York Edison Co.^
and formerly acting manager for F. W. Home,
importer American machinery, Yokohama.
Japan. Both are members of the American
Society of Mechanical Engineers,
CATALOGUES,
The Positive Clutch and Pulley Works,
litd., Toronto, have just issued a new cata-
logue— the second In twelve months. This Is
significant of the rapidly increasing range of
their products and the large demand for same.
The firm's positive combined jaw and fric-
tion clutch is fully described and illustrated,
as well as their splltwood rim pulleys with
steel centres. A full line of transmission ap-
pliances is also manufactured. The catalogue
contains numerous useful engineering tables,
and should be on the fyle or every superin-
tendent and mlUright.
Verltys, L,td., Aston, Birmingham, England.
have sent us a circular descriptive of their
Radiant Lanterns for tungsten and carbon
lamps which are suitable for indoor or out-
door use. Prices are quoted In Canadian
currency.
The American Steam Pump Co., Battle
Creek, Mich., who manufacture the Marsh and
American lines of pumping machinery, have
just issued a 188-pnge catalogue which they
will be glad to send to anyone interested in
pumping machinery.
The United Engineering and Foundry Co.,
Pittsburg, Pa., have sent us a copy of their
catalogue of High Speed Forging Presses,
built under Davy Brothers, Ltd., patents.
These presses are of the steiim-hydraullc m-
tenslfler type, and are built in sizes ranging
from 100 to 12,000 tons. A special feature 1»
the patented automatic single lever control-
ling gear bv which all movements are govern-
ed. The catalogue is attractively got up.
and Illustrates numerous press equipments.
The Garvin Machine Co., New York, have
forwarded several circulars descriptive of their
No. 2 Screw Slotting machine, No. 13 and 13%
plain milling machine. No. 22 Vertical milling
m.n chine, and cutter and surface grinders.
The contents will be found Interesting and
valuable to those in the marltet for such pro-
ducts.
"The Economy Elevator Guide L,uhricator,
The Lubricator that Lubricates." is the title
of an attractive catalog just Issued by the
Peterson Engineering Co., Ijuhrlcation Engin-
eers, Hndson-Terminal Building, New York
City. The catalog describes a new method
of lubricating elevator guides In which a thin
strip of grease is applied exactly where the
shoes bear on the rails and for every trip
of the car. Several different types are describ-
ed suitable for steel and wooden rails and al-
so for counter weight guides. Interesting
data are given of tests made on elevators
equipped with the Economy Lubricator. For
instance, it is stated that in the 168th Street
Station of tlie New York Subway, the Econ-
omy Lubricator reduced the grease consump-
tion from 4S0 ounces to 30 ounces per month.
\\\ analysis of the cost of lubricating the ele-
vators in the Washington Monument, by
means of the Economy Lunrlcator is also in-
fluded. Copies of this catalogue may he had
by addressing the manufacturer at the above
address.
Hawksley, Wild ft Co., Sheffield, England,
have sent us a 4-page leaflet containing an
iilnstrnted description of the "Brfghtslde"
water-tube boiler manufactured by them. The
cuts represent 4 and 6-drnm types for hand-
firing, as also an adaptation of superheater
and chain grate stoker. The tubes are
straight and almost vertical, and are arrang-
ed without headers and caps. The arrange-
CANADIAN MACHINERY
78
SEND
for catalogues of Taps, Dies, Drills,
and Milling Cutters. Highest quality
tools at right price.
TEAR THIS OUT.
NAME
ADDRESS .
Warden King Lowden
13 Bleury Street, MONTREAL
Ernest Scott
145 Bleury St. Z MONTREAL
Machinist and Tool
Maker
Dies for Sheet Metal Work.
Stampings and Light
Manufacturing
Special Machinery Designed
and Made to Order.
DIES AND TOOLS
POWER PRESSES
For Rapid Production of
Sheet Metal Stampings
W. H. BAN FIELD & SONS
TORONTO, ONT.
MANY a manufacturer
is puzzled with the
problem of constructing a
special tool or jig to make
things go smoother in the
shop.
And it isn't every fore-
man that can solve such
a problem.
But let us tackle it — such problems are our specialty. We have
been for years devising
Special Machinery, Tools, Dies, Ji^s, Etc.,
and have yet to be defeated by a puzzle in mechanical contriving.
Our plant is specialized for the purpose, and our men are especi-
ally skilled.
Send your puzzle to us.— Let us solve It
to your satisfaction.
Holden-Mor^an Company, Limited
Builders and Manufacturers of Automobile Parts, Special Machinery,
Tools, Dies, Jigs, Molds and Repairs.
50 Pearl Street, Toronto, Canada
There is Economy
in Every Shop Where
"climax"
LEATHER
BELTING
is Being Used.
The leather from which we
make this belting is select-
ed, tanned and stretched
by experts, assuring an un-
excelled quality, toughness
and durability in every
inch of the finished belt.
The "CLIMAX" has the
right cling and gives the
right service. If you want
to save money, get next.
Write us at once for cata-
log and prices. This belt-
ing is guaranteed.
SADLER &
HAWORTH
ESTABLISHED 1876
Montreal, 511 William St.
Toronto, 27 Melinda St.
St. John. N.B., 89 Prince William St.
Winnipeg, 244 Princess St.
Vancouver, B.C., 217 Columbia Are.
Don't fail to mention this paper in writing to advertisers.
74
CANADIAN MACHINERY
■wat f«BeraUr la compact and proTldei for
Uch cfTlclcocjr and ease of orcrbaul and In-
«p«ctloa.
BOOK REVIBWS.
MaxUnnm Pr*dBctioa in Marhlnc Shop and
t'ttnndr}', b7 C. B. Knorpprl. New York: Tbe
EDfineerlnr Masnitne. I'his l>uok deals ea-
haostlTel; witb the orpinUatlon and metbuda
to be followed by a aianufacturlns coiKeru
10 order to obtain the hisbest effU'leaoy In
machine ahop and foundry, and rnrrles strong
iDtemal erldence of tbe uutbur's iutlmute ni-
qoalDtancc with tbe problems that nrise In
daily practice. We can ronfldently recom-
mend It to tbe notice of Bnalness .Manneera,
Works Managers, Chief Accountauts and
others whose business it is to iniTcase pro-
dBction. Mr. Knoeppel clatraa that ne need
to bear more about Ineiriclency and less about
efficiency; and that If we talk about tlie in-
efficiencies more, our effects towards elimln-
aUnc tbem will be Increased, and efficiency,
as a natural result will take care of itself.
He, by no means, confines himself to bronn
Cneral theories. On the contrary, bavins
d down a principle of mauagemeut. be fre-
quently toes on to (ire concrete examples
of its application, which, are needless to sny,
both Interesting and Instructive. Most of the
material in the book appeared orlglnnUy In
three series of articles published in tbe En-
flneerins Mafaxlne. It has. however, been
resurreyed, rearrantreil and largely re-writ-
ten, and forma a valuable ctintributlon to the
subject of scientific managemeut.
-Waad-Tarabir." by Geo. H. Renldea and
Has* Dlmer. New York: .MKJraw-nill Book
Co. Price fl.SO. This publication should be
welcomed by students in technical high
•cbools, pattern-maker apprentices, and others
Interested in wood-working. The book opens
with a description of tbe wood-turnlnR lathe
and its equipment, and later, practical exci-
riaes are given tbe student, consisting of
elilsel handles, vases, uruK, etc. Hacb article
Is shown fully dimensioned on one page, while
on the opposite page are given the Instrui-
tions to be followed, accompanied by numer-
ous excellent half-tone Illustrations. Tbe sec-
ond half of tbe book deals with pattern-mak-
ing In a manner well suited to tbe needs of
apprentices and those wishing to acquire an
insight luto that trade.
Bearings and their lubrication, by L. P.
-\lforil. M.E., New York, and the McGraw-
Hill Book Co., $2.50 net. This book aims to
present the underlying principles involved m
the design of all classes of machinery bear-
ings. A wide field Is covered and numerous
examples given together with tables com-
piled fro-n various sources, both American and
European. The laws of friction are so Im-
perfectly understood that a book like the
present, which tabulates tbe results of numer-
ous careful experiments, will be of great use
to all desiguers of machinery and transmis-
sion appliances.
The "Mechanical World" Pocket Diary and
Year Book for 1912. Emmott & Co., 65 King
St., Manchester, England. Price 12 cents. The
present number, making the twenty-fifth is-
sue of this little Diary and Year Book, is well
up to its usual high standard. Among other
new features introduced for the first time are
to be found sections dealing with Indexing on
the milling machine, gauging cylindrical
bores, verniers and micrometers, roller bear-
ings, etc. Draftsmen will find the subject of
beams and girders clearly dealt with, and
several extremely useful tables, giving values
of I and Z for various sections, will be wel-
comed as time-savers, where calculations are
concerned.
Travelling Salesman
WANTED
A travellins salesman acquainted wUh the
^vholesale and manufacturing trades in the
MARITIME PROVINCES, to represent the
MACLEAN NEWSPAPERS,
iookinff after our advertisinff in this district.
Good position for prosrressiTe younff man,
pply statin; full particulars.
THE M1:LEAN publishing CO., LIMITkD
702 Eastern Townships BIdK.. MONl REAL
AGENTS WANTED
Enctish firm manufacturing liftings tackle of
erery description and with merchant department
for handltnir all classes of eng^ineering^ material
want Agents in Canada. Box 75, MACHINERY
AND MANUFACTURING NEWS, 88 Fleet
Street, London, England.
Estate J. K. MacDONALD
GeaertI liachinist and Blacksmith,
Locksmith, etc.
Contraclors' Iron Work, Automobile Kepairs,
Chrome Nickel Steel Gears to order,
WRITE
D, A. MacDONALD, 318 Gra!g W., MONTREAL
Hoffman Steel Bails
are recognized throughout the world as the best
made. Each and every ball, of whatever size, is
guaranteed correct within 1/10,000 of an inch
both in size and spherity.
That means that when your bearings are equipp-
ed with Hoffman Steel Balls the load is evenly dis-
tributed, every ball taking its share, bringing friction
and wear down to a minimum. The high elastic
limit of their glass-hard surfaces, obtained by our
special tempering processes, makes Hoffman Steel
Balls the most durable-
For Cataloguo ami Pricos writo
JOHN MILLEN & SON, Limited
MONTREAL, TORONTO, WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER
Address all correspondence to 321 St, James St., Montreal.
Buy an ALLEN pTS RIVETER
and be sure of the fastest and
tightest riveting at the lowest cost
SEND for ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
Special riveters designed to meet all requirements.
-WHATEVER THE RIVEllNC. THERE'S AN ALLEN FOR THE JOB."
JOHN F. ALLEN COMPANY
Ex. 1872
370-372 Gerard Avenue, NEW YORK
AGENTS Cu«tUa Raad Drill C. Toraalo, H>lifu. Montr.aL Li<b«r. and W.V. Codas, " RWatar,"
'J h>: nflvfiriiynr wt.uhl lite to know wlu-re you mw his advertisement— tell him.
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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
LIBRARY
Acme Library Card Pocket
Under Pat. " Ref. Index File."
Made by LIBEAEY BnEEAU
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